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Summary Report for:
25-1125.00 - History Teachers, Postsecondary
Teach courses in human history and historiography. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.
Sample of reported job titles: Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor of History, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of History, History Instructor, History Professor, Instructor, Lecturer, Professor, Professor of History
Tasks | Technology Skills | Tools Used | Knowledge | Skills | Abilities | Work Activities | Detailed Work Activities | Work Context | Job Zone | Education | Credentials | Interests | Work Styles | Work Values | Related Occupations | Wages & Employment | Job Openings | Additional Information
- Prepare course materials, such as syllabi, homework assignments, and handouts.
- Prepare and deliver lectures to undergraduate or graduate students on topics such as ancient history, postwar civilizations, and the history of third-world countries.
- Evaluate and grade students' class work, assignments, and papers.
- Initiate, facilitate, and moderate classroom discussions.
- Compile, administer, and grade examinations, or assign this work to others.
- Plan, evaluate, and revise curricula, course content, course materials, and methods of instruction.
- Maintain regularly scheduled office hours to advise and assist students.
- Conduct research in a particular field of knowledge and publish findings in professional journals, books, or electronic media.
- Maintain student attendance records, grades, and other required records.
- Select and obtain materials and supplies, such as textbooks.
- Keep abreast of developments in the field by reading current literature, talking with colleagues, and participating in professional conferences.
- Advise students on academic and vocational curricula and on career issues.
- Collaborate with colleagues to address teaching and research issues.
- Compile bibliographies of specialized materials for outside reading assignments.
- Serve on academic or administrative committees that deal with institutional policies, departmental matters, and academic issues.
- Participate in student recruitment, registration, and placement activities.
- Review books and journal articles for potential publication.
- Participate in campus and community events.
- Supervise undergraduate or graduate teaching, internship, and research work.
- Develop, maintain, and teach online courses.
- Perform administrative duties, such as serving as department head.
Technology Skills
- Calendar and scheduling software
- Computer based training software — Blackboard Learn; Desire2Learn; Learning management system LMS; Sakai CLE (see all 5 examples)
- Data base user interface and query software — Data entry software ; Database software
- Electronic mail software — Email software; Microsoft Outlook
- Information retrieval or search software — DOC Cop; iParadigms Turnitin
- Internet browser software — Web browser software
- Map creation software — Geographic information system GIS software ; Map building software
- Office suite software — Microsoft Office
- Optical character reader OCR or scanning software — Image scanning software
- Presentation software — Microsoft PowerPoint
- Spreadsheet software — Microsoft Excel
- Web platform development software — JavaScript
- Word processing software — Collaborative editing software; Google Docs ; Microsoft Word
Hot Technology — a technology requirement frequently included in employer job postings.
Tools Used
- Compact disk players or recorders — Compact disk CD players
- Desktop computers
- Digital camcorders or video cameras — Digital video cameras
- Digital cameras — Compact digital cameras
- Digital video disk players or recorders — Digital video disk DVD players
- Electronic charts or maps or atlases — Google Maps; Interactive maps
- Epidiascopes — Opaque projectors
- High capacity removable media drives — Universal serial bus USB flash drives
- Inkjet printers — Poster printers
- Laser fax machine — Laser facsimile machines
- Laser printers — Computer laser printers
- Liquid crystal display projector — Liquid crystal display LCD projectors
- Microphone stand — Microphone podiums
- Microphones — Handheld microphones; Wireless microphones
- MP3 players or recorders — MP3 digital voice recorders
- Multimedia projectors — Computer projectors; Multimedia projection equipment
- Notebook computers — Laptop computers
- Overhead projectors — Overhead data projectors
- Photocopiers — Photocopying equipment
- Portable data input terminals — Interactive whiteboard controllers; Student response systems
- Projection screens or displays — Projector screens
- Scanners — Computer data input scanners
- Scientific calculator — Digital calculators
- Slide projectors — Carousel slide projectors
- Special purpose telephones — Multi-line telephone systems
- Tablet computers
- Teleconference equipment — Conference telephones
- Televisions — Liquid crystal display LCD televisions; Television monitors
- Touch screen monitors — Interactive whiteboards
- Videoconferencing systems — Videoconferencing equipment
- Web cameras — Webcams
- History and Archeology — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
- English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
- Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
- Geography — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
- Philosophy and Theology — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
- Communications and Media — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
- Law and Government — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
- Sociology and Anthropology — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures and their history and origins.
- Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
- Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
- Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.
- Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
- Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.
- Instructing — Teaching others how to do something.
- Learning Strategies — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
- Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
- Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
- Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
- Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
- Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
- Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
- Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
- Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
- Persuasion — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
- Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.
- Systems Analysis — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
- Systems Evaluation — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
- Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
- Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
- Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
- Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
- Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
- Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
- Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
- Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
- Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
- Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.
- Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
- Selective Attention — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
- Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
- Memorization — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
Work Activities
- Training and Teaching Others — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
- Thinking Creatively — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
- Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
- Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
- Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
- Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
- Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
- Documenting/Recording Information — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
- Interacting With Computers — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
- Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
- Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
- Coaching and Developing Others — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
- Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
- Analyzing Data or Information — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
- Developing Objectives and Strategies — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
- Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
- Processing Information — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
- Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
- Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
- Performing for or Working Directly with the Public — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
- Performing Administrative Activities — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
- Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
Detailed Work Activities
- Develop instructional materials.
- Evaluate student work.
- Teach humanities courses at the college level.
- Guide class discussions.
- Administer tests to assess educational needs or progress.
- Prepare tests.
- Develop instructional objectives.
- Evaluate effectiveness of educational programs.
- Advise students on academic or career matters.
- Research topics in area of expertise.
- Write articles, books or other original materials in area of expertise.
- Maintain student records.
- Order instructional or library materials or equipment.
- Select educational materials or equipment.
- Attend training sessions or professional meetings to develop or maintain professional knowledge.
- Stay informed about current developments in field of specialization.
- Supervise student research or internship work.
- Compile specialized bibliographies or lists of materials.
- Serve on institutional or departmental committees.
- Perform student enrollment or registration activities.
- Promote educational institutions or programs.
- Create technology-based learning materials.
- Teach online courses.
- Direct department activities.
- Evaluate scholarly materials.
- Plan community programs or activities for the general public.
- Write grant proposals.
- Advise educators on curricula, instructional methods, or policies.
Find occupations related to multiple detailed work activities
Work Context
- Electronic Mail — 99% responded "Every day."
- Freedom to Make Decisions — 62% responded "A lot of freedom."
- Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 84% responded "Every day."
- Face-to-Face Discussions — 74% responded "Every day."
- Contact With Others — 63% responded "Constant contact with others."
- Structured versus Unstructured Work — 60% responded "A lot of freedom."
- Public Speaking — 48% responded "Every day."
- Duration of Typical Work Week — 71% responded "More than 40 hours."
- Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 52% responded "Very important."
- Time Pressure — 49% responded "Once a week or more but not every day."
- Telephone — 35% responded "Every day."
- Level of Competition — 38% responded "Extremely competitive."
- Frequency of Decision Making — 38% responded "Once a week or more but not every day."
- Coordinate or Lead Others — 39% responded "Very important."
- Deal With External Customers — 53% responded "Extremely important."
- Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 45% responded "Moderate results."
- Spend Time Sitting — 44% responded "More than half the time."
- Letters and Memos — 43% responded "Once a month or more but not every week."
- Physical Proximity — 44% responded "Moderately close (at arm's length)."
Job Zone
|Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed
|Most of these occupations require graduate school. For example, they may require a master's degree, and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree).
|Related Experience
|Extensive skill, knowledge, and experience are needed for these occupations. Many require more than five years of experience. For example, surgeons must complete four years of college and an additional five to seven years of specialized medical training to be able to do their job.
|Job Training
|Employees may need some on-the-job training, but most of these occupations assume that the person will already have the required skills, knowledge, work-related experience, and/or training.
|Job Zone Examples
|These occupations often involve coordinating, training, supervising, or managing the activities of others to accomplish goals. Very advanced communication and organizational skills are required. Examples include librarians, lawyers, astronomers, biologists, clergy, surgeons, and veterinarians.
|SVP Range
|(8.0 and above)
Interest code: SIA Want to discover your interests? Take the O*NET Interest Profiler at My Next Move.
- Social — Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others.
- Investigative — Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
- Artistic — Artistic occupations frequently involve working with forms, designs and patterns. They often require self-expression and the work can be done without following a clear set of rules.
Work Styles
- Integrity — Job requires being honest and ethical.
- Dependability — Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
- Independence — Job requires developing one's own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.
- Attention to Detail — Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
- Analytical Thinking — Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.
- Self Control — Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.
- Adaptability/Flexibility — Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.
- Achievement/Effort — Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.
- Concern for Others — Job requires being sensitive to others' needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.
- Initiative — Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.
- Persistence — Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.
- Leadership — Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.
- Innovation — Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.
- Cooperation — Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
- Stress Tolerance — Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high stress situations.
- Social Orientation — Job requires preferring to work with others rather than alone, and being personally connected with others on the job.
Work Values
- Achievement — Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
- Independence — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
- Working Conditions — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.
Related Occupations
Wages & Employment Trends
|Median wages (2018)
|$74,590 annual
|State wages
|Employment (2016)
|27,000 employees
|Projected growth (2016-2026)
|Faster than average (10% to 14%)
|Projected job openings (2016-2026)
|State trends
|Top industries (2016)
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 2018 wage data and 2016-2026 employment projections . "Projected growth" represents the estimated change in total employment over the projections period (2016-2026). "Projected job openings" represent openings due to growth and replacement.
Job Openings on the Web
Sources of Additional Information
Disclaimer: Sources are listed to provide additional information on related jobs, specialties, and/or industries. Links to non-DOL Internet sites are provided for your convenience and do not constitute an endorsement.
- American Association of University Professors
- American Historical Association
- American Political Science Association
- Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies
- National Education Association
- North American Conference on British Studies
- Occupational Outlook Handbook: Postsecondary teachers
- Organization of American Historians
- Phi Alpha Theta History Honor Society
- Society for Military History
- The Conference on Latin American History
- The Medieval Academy of America
- The Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations
- The Southern Historical Association
- Western History Association
- World History Association


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Market Commentary Cetera Financial Group Research Department July, 2013
Over the last three decades, U.S. interest rates have been on a steadily declining path. This decrease has been caused by a variety of secular factors, including an increased focus by the U.S. Federal Reserve toward controlling inflation, and more recently by actions by central banks worldwide aimed at spurring economic growth.
Table 1: 10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Rate (DGS10)
The prolonged decline in interest rates has also fueled a steady bull market in bonds. (As most investors know, bond prices move up when interest rates decline. This happens because bonds pay investors a fixed interest rate or yield, and therefore existing bonds become more attractive as prevailing interest rates drop.) Investors therefore prefer these more attractive bonds, which forces prices of existing bonds up until rates equalize.
Background After peaking in 1981, U.S. interest rates have been on a downward trend, as investors have become less concerned about unexpected inflation. Prior to 2008, the main underpinnings for this trend include an increased focus on the part of the Federal Reserve toward controlling inflation, with several cycles of tight monetary policy. This tight monetary policy tends to lower the growth of money supply and available credit, which then slows price increases in the economy and thus leads to lower inflation. Low and relatively stable inflation in turn is seen as positive by investors, who then may demand a lesser risk premium as protection against asset devaluation. In addition, increased labor productivity and a focus toward improved energy efficiency lessened the U.S. economy's exposure to supply shocks arising from labor or energy shortages. This further decreased the risk premium demanded by investors as protection from unexpected inflation. Following the global economic downturn in 2008 and 2009, many investors sought the relative safety of bonds, and the resulting asset flows had the effect of increasing bond prices and driving down yields. The current low level of interest rates may also be attributed, at least partially, to actions taken by central banks to improve the availability and affordability of credit. These actions were part of an effort to spur economic growth. Key among these central bank actions is the U.S. Federal Reserve's decision to set its target Federal Funds rate to be in the 0.0 percent to 0.25 percent range. (As a reminder, the Federal Funds rate is the interest on bank excess reserves held at the Federal Reserve. This rate sets the tenor for determining short-term interest rates in the United States, and has been at this same level since December 16, 2008.)Quantitative Easing The Federal Reserve has also acted to lower long-term bond rates, including the outright purchases of long-term U.S. treasury bonds and mortgage-backed securities. Known as Quantitative Easing (QE), these actions increase the demand for long-term bonds, thus driving their prices upward and lowering long-term rates. Other central banks, most notably in the United Kingdom and in Japan, have also taken similar actions.Inflation So far we have focused our discussion on nominal interest rates. However, many investors may feel that what truly matters to them are "real" rates, which measure the return on investment after inflation is taken into account. On this measure, short to intermediate rates have been negative since mid-2011.
Table 2: Daily Treasury Real Yield for 5-Year Maturity, 2003¬–2013
Expectations It may be argued that the recent low levels of interest rates can persist only in the presence of continued central bank intervention. As investors can be expected to require a positive rate of return on their investment, without central bank support, real interest rates are likely to begin on a path toward being net positive. This likely means rates at higher levels as compared to what investors have experienced over the last several years. We believe that as the U.S. economy improves, the Fed is likely to gradually wind down its accommodative stance. This means that the QE program—which tends to lower longer term rates—may be gradually phased out. This is likely to be followed by the Fed gradually increasing its Federal Funds rate. These Fed actions are also likely to take a long period of time and be "data-dependent." This means that over the next several years the Fed may speed up the pace of accommodation slowing as economic data improves, or that policies may remain unchanged if the data indicates a slowing recovery.Possible Long-Term Outcome As the Federal Reserve winds down its accommodative stance, we expect that rates will gradually return to "normal" levels. This generally means that short-term rates (for maturities of 1 year or less) will be running at or slightly above the rate of inflation. Meanwhile longer-term rates (for maturities of 7 to 10 years) will be running at a rate equivalent to inflation plus the rate of current GDP growth. For example, an inflation expectation of 2 percent and GDP growth of 2.5 percent per year will imply short-term rates close to or just above 2 percent and long-term rates close to or just above 4.5 percent, with the move happening over the next several years. Many investors will note that this type of move will mean a 1 percent to 2 percent increase in rates from more recent levels. If this move were to happen immediately, it may cause a sharp decline in bond prices; however, we do not expect that this large of a change will happen overnight. It is more likely that long-term rates will start to gradually move up, first as QE starts to be wound down and then ends. The shorter end of rates is then likely to also rise as the Fed gradually ratchets up the Federal Funds rates in or after 2015.
In a period of rising interest rates, bond prices will experience downward pricing pressure. This may mean some increased price volatility in bond fund returns, possibly leading to a negative total return over short periods. As investors are aware, bonds in general have two ways of generating a return on investment—income stream/yield and price appreciation. The income stream/yield tends to act as a stabilizing item, protecting investors from negative price movements.
Table 3: Return of the Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index Following the 1994 Rate Increase Cycle
Table 3 above shows how performance of the Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index fared after rates increased in 1994. The initial rate decreases drove bond prices down, resulting in negative returns over the one-week, one-month and three-month timeframes. Investors would note that over short periods, the yield received by bonds is not enough to offset a price move. However, over longer periods, in this case 12 to 13 months, returns were back to flat, and then continued to improve in the positive over time, especially over three to five years. Investors should also note that over time, the larger portion of bond returns is generated by yield. This can be seen from Table 4 below and can be intuitively explained as well—although there may be some price volatility over time, the appreciation of bonds is limited, and if they are held to maturity, bonds return only their par value. Therefore the majority of investor returns in bonds are generated by yields.
Table 4: Total Return and Price-Only Return of the Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index
Duration The price sensitivity—appreciation and depreciation—of bonds is determined by a characteristic known as "duration." It measures the average time for which a bond's payments are received, in present value terms. As bond prices move in the opposite direction of rates, long-term bonds are more sensitive to rate moves, as their duration tends to be longer. As an example, given a 1 percent move up in rates, a bond with 1-year duration is likely to lose 1 percent of its value, while a bond with 5-year duration is likely to lose 5 percent. Of course, the other way bonds may make money is yield. So even though the 1-percent rate increase causes prices to drop, over the course of 1 to 2 years, the drop is mitigated by the yield received. However, because current yield levels at present tend to be low, they are likely to provide only limited protection. Table 5 below shows how a portfolio with 5-year duration and 2.25 percent yield might react to a 1-percent rate increase—as can be seen, returns are lower as rates decrease, but over the course of approximately 2 years, the portfolio's ongoing yield helps recover the value lost.
Table 5: Price Reaction for a Bond Portfolio with 5-Year Duration
Bonds can also have periods of low to negative return. Such periods are much rarer and typically less severe as compared to equities. However, even in fixed-income bonds, several good years may be followed by a flat to a slightly negative period. As bonds are considered "safe" by most investors, a negative return in bonds can still be hard to fathom, and may cause investors to act impulsively. For this reason, we still believe it is important to keep things in perspective by focusing on long-term goals in asset allocation—over a 2- to 3-year horizon, bonds will still have added diversification even if more recent returns are flat to negative.Bonds Expected to Remain Stable We do not expect the bond market to experience a prolonged period of low returns. The consistent yield provided by bonds helps returns to be stable, and unlike stocks, this predictable recurring income gradually brings returns back into the positive.
Because the markets tend to anticipate Fed moves, it is also possible that interest rates may be more volatile, with some overreaction and a subsequent price reversal happening when news hits. Investors should be careful not to make rush decisions based on short-term price movements, which may lock in a loss just before rates reverse. It is very difficult, and some argue it to be impossible, to predict exactly when rates will rise. Markets are generally anticipatory, and tend to react to expected central bank moves well in advance of the actual move, often with an overreaction to one side or the other. However, given a prospective trend toward increasing rates, investors can prepare their portfolios for the trend and be more conservative. We list several ideas below that may help lower a portfolio's sensitivity to interest rates. Please also consult with your financial advisors for recommendations in these asset classes:Lower Interest Rate Sensitivity As discussed above, investments with lower duration are less sensitive to movements in rates. Therefore, lowering portfolio duration may lower interest rate risk for investors. Investments in this asset class are:
However, short-term investments also carry lower yields and investors should balance yield needs, with the focus on lower duration investments to lower overall interest rate risk.Focus on Floating-Rate Investments Floating-rate fixed income securities offer a yield which varies based on the current rate or price on an underlying index. In a period of rising rates, such securities may not decrease in value, or their prices may actually increase as more investors focus on the asset class. Floating-rate loans are one of the most common types of floating-rate fixed income securities. These loans as a category may also be referred to as Bank Loans, Senior Secured Loans, or Senior Floating-Rate Loans. They represent variable-rate, senior and secured debt issued by corporations, many of which are rated below investment-grade. In general, floating-rate loans can be characterized as follows:
Over the last several years, floating-rate bank loans have established themselves as an asset category. There are many solid mutual funds which invest in floating-rate as a primary objective. Given the characteristics above, our view is that bank loans may provide a level of stability in an environment when rates rise. This category also has low historical correlation to most asset classes and a higher yield, which may cushion against unexpected market fluctuations. In addition, similar to other credit sensitive bonds, defaults are likely to remain low in a rising economy. While we believe that bank loans offer good interest rate risk protection, we do not think their rates will increase in the near future. Many bank loans are issued with a so called "LIBOR floor," where rates will not move until LIBOR rates move above 1.2 percent to 1.3 percent. As LIBOR is currently in the 0.2 percent to 0.4 percent range, a true rate increase is still more of a long-term prospect for bank loans.Are Variable Rate TIPS a Good Idea? Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS) are also floating-rate bonds. However, their rates are tied to inflation and NOT to the overall level of interest rates. In a situation where rates increase and inflation remains tame, which many see as the likely case, TIPS may NOT increase in value. Quite the opposite—if rates rise while inflation is stable, TIPS values are more likely to decline because of their higher duration. Therefore, we would not recommend that investors focus on TIPS at this time for interest rate risk protection. However, they may still be suitable for investors who seek protection from unexpected changes in long-term inflation.Bonds with Credit Spreads above Treasuries May Provide Some Added Protection Yield spreads represent the additional yield premium paid by issuers of riskier bonds to compensate investors for the increased level of risk. Yield spreads generally increase as economic conditions decline, as a weaker economy makes it more likely that riskier bonds may default. But as the economy improves and issuing companies have improving sales and higher cash flows, it is more likely that bonds will be paid in full since companies are better able to repay debt obligations. For this reason, as the economy improves, these additional risk premiums/spreads are likely to contract, a trend known as "spread compression." Spread compression acts like a rate decrease and is positive for credit-sensitive bonds, typically leading to a higher bond price. This means that in a rising economy, spreads are likely to move in the opposite direction to Treasury rates, thereby offsetting some of the price movement on credit sensitive bonds. As we mentioned above, a move to "normal" interest rates is likely to occur as the Fed ends its stimulus programs. However, since we only expect the Fed to start removing stimulus when the economy begins to strengthen, the spread compression scenario described above may be expected to happen at the same time as treasury rates increase. The table below shows how bonds of different maturities and spreads may react to a hypothetical 0.25 percent, 0.50 percent and 1.00 percent move in rates under two scenarios—given no spread compression, and given a 0.25 percent compression in spreads. As can be seen from the right-hand column on Table 6 below, the spread compression tends to offset some of the price decline due to increasing rates:
Table 6: How Rising Rates and Spread Compression Affect Return
On the left, all bonds react to rate increase, but bonds with higher yield have a better 1-year recovery. The table on the left shows that a spread decrease lowers the bond's rate sensitivity, with credit sensitive bond returns unchanged given a 0.25% rate decrease and a 0.25% rate compression. Please note that Treasuries (listed first in this table) include no credit spread and are not likely to benefit from compression in an improving economy. The table above assumes that a rate move occurs at the end of the period, with return equal to:
Annual Yield – (Duration x Rate Move).
(Rate moves assume a parallel shift in the yield curve, where rates across all maturities increase by the same amount.) As indicated in this example, bonds with higher yield/spreads have more protection from a move in interest rates. In addition, as shown in the second table on the right, spread compression may help offset some of the negative price movement in bonds due to the interest rate increase. For very large interest rate/price moves, the current relatively low spreads will not offer a complete protection, as evidenced by the 1-percent rate increase scenario. However, investors should still keep in mind that price moves tend to be an isolated event. Over time, the bond yield will still bring returns into the positive; it may just take a bit longer with a large price move. Please note that the scenario above assumes no defaults. In reality, some high-yield bonds are likely to default, possibly at a rate as low as 2 percent or as high as 5 percent to 7 percent. Therefore, investors should not allocate a substantial portion of their assets to high-yield investments based on current yields alone.Increased Focus on Bonds with a Credit Spread As discussed above, spread asset classes may provide some protection from rising Treasury rates, as spread compression may offset some of the rate increase. These asset classes include:Investment grade bonds: These are bonds issued by U.S.-domiciled corporations, and normally trade at a risk premium /spread compared to less risky treasury bonds.
High-yield bonds: These bonds are also issued by corporations, but have an additional default risk relative to Investment Grade Corporates. As these corporations are weaker in cash flow, or have high leverage, they are more likely to be in a situation where they cannot pay investors back. Investors demand a premium for this, and that is why high-yield bonds have higher rates overall than corporate bonds. But in a rising economy, default rates tend to decrease, and therefore high-yield bonds may be able to benefit from spread compression, even to a higher extent than corporate bonds.
Non-U.S. bonds denominated in U.S. dollars: The United States has one of the broadest and most liquid financial markets worldwide. As a result, many foreign issuers offer bonds in U.S. dollars to be able to gain access to U.S. investors and a broader acceptance in the U.S. markets. They may also be issued by countries (sovereign bonds) of non-U.S. domiciled corporations.
Non-U.S.-dollar-denominated bonds: These bonds are not in the U.S. dollar and may provide some diversification, since rates on international bonds may not move in tandem with U.S. bonds.
Equities, Preferred Stocks and Alternative Investments May Also Be Worth a Look It could also be worth considering these investments:Equities: Interest rates are still low by historical standards, supporting good equity valuations and allowing corporations to reissue old debt at lower rates. Thus, the case for equities may still be strong despite the rally we've had for the first half of 2013.
Preferred Stocks: Preferred stocks may also offer an alternative for diversification. Preferred stocks are a hybrid between bonds and equities, and pay a fixed dividend rate.
Alternative Investments: Investors may also want to diversify a small portion of a portfolio's fixed income assets to absolute return investment strategies (alternative investments) that have similar risk profiles to fixed income. Strategies like this include Equity Market Neutral and, to a lesser extent, Equity Long/Short and Managed Futures.
Should Investors Still Invest in Bonds? Our answer to this is a resounding "yes." Despite the expected rise in interest rates, bonds still provide a good diversification compared to equities and help lower portfolio volatility. As rates rise, newly issued bonds with higher yields may be more attractive as an investment. Many investors are focused on the impact if interest rates increase, but the world is a complex place, and other risks exist in the economy. While a slowing economy is now less likely than in 2009, an economic downturn can still occur. We remind investors that GDP growth is also still below long-term averages. This means that interest rates are likely to remain low, and many risky asset classes may underperform if traders move into safer assets. In this case, a solid bond allocation is likely to provide the stability that investors expect. Those who decide to exit bonds altogether may forgo this benefit.Is This Rise in Rates All Bad News?Rising yields are not necessarily all bad. As indicated above, real return has been negative on bonds for some time. This has depressed the potential earnings of income retirees from traditional fixed income portfolios. It has also pushed investors into relatively riskier asset classes, where investors who need current income have accepted more volatility to gain needed income.If rates return to normal levels, this will bring bonds back to their natural position of providing stability and inflation protection in investor portfolios. Positive net yields (likely to occur initially on long-term bonds, and eventually on cash), also mean that bonds will offer investors better protection from inflation, better support to income portfolios going forward, and the ability to do so with less volatility.Finally, a more "normal" rate environment also means that the economy is stable enough to grow on its own. This should be good news for most investors, as even though the bond portion of their portfolios may not be doing great, economic growth is likely to boost returns in equities and help a well-diversified portfolio.Summary of Investment Ideas We still believe that bonds have a place in investors' portfolios. However, investors may want to prepare for some short-term volatility. To better position portfolios, investors may want to:
As always, we recommend that investors see their financial advisors for recommendations in these asset classes.
This information compiled by Cetera Financial Group is believed to be from reliable sources; however, we make no representation as to its completeness or accuracy. The information has been selected to objectively convey the key drivers and catalysts standing behind current market direction and sentiment. No independent analysis has been performed and the material should not be construed as investment advice. Investment decisions should not be based on this material since the information contained here is a singular news update, and prudent investment decisions require the analysis of a much broader collection of facts and context. All economic and performance information is historical and not indicative of future results. Investors cannot invest directly in indices. This is not an offer, recommendation or solicitation of an offer to buy or sell any security and investment in any security covered in this material may not be advisable or suitable. Please consult your financial professional for more information. While diversification may help reduce volatility and risk, it does not guarantee future performance. Additional risks are associated with international investing, such as currency fluctuations, political and economic instability, and differences in accounting standards. Affiliates and subsidiaries and/or officers and employees of Cetera Financial Group or Cetera Advisors LLC may from time to time acquire, hold or sell a position in the securities mentioned herein.
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text:
Ecrou de Cartier bracelet
excl. sales tax
Ecrou de Cartier bracelet, 18K white gold, non-rhodium finish. Cartier always seeks to perfect the harmony of each one of its creations. Because of this, the carat weight and the number of precious stones can vary slightly from piece to piece. Please do not hesitate to contact our sales team should you require any further information regarding our creations.
A transformation of the ordinary to the extraordinary: the new Écrou de Cartier collection. A bold new design, Écrou de Cartier embodies daring and limitless style. Forceful and exquisite at the same time, it makes a striking statement of sophistication.


text:
Marion County Democratic Women met for lunch Oct. 26 at Marion Senior Center.
Sue Clough conducted the business meeting. Marilyn Cox of Peabody accepted the position of vice president.
The group set the cost for the Kansas Day dinner and program at $15. The Jan. 29 evening meal will be followed by a program by Marla Matlin of Hill City.
In place of a November meeting, the group will meet in mid-December for a holiday party. The gift exchange will be with items from thrift shops.


text:
Built to Order - Generally ships in 2 to 3 Weeks - Cover Included
TRUVU 140 T Saltwater Acrylic aquariums are constructed with the highest grade cell cast acrylic plastic by skilled technicians, employing conventional, as well as CNC equipment. Our products reflect the knowledge, pride and skill gained by more than four decades of experience. Our saltwater aquariums feature built in overflow box(s) to skim the water surface of toxins and transfer water to an in stand sump/filter* (*sold separately) If you prefer a custom top configuration please contact us and we'll help you with that.
Dimensions: 60" L x 18" W x 30" H
This aquarium includes:
- Clear removable opening cover
- Bent front corners
- Built in Overflow box(s)
- Standard 1" BH Drain Hole (bulkhead sold separately)
- IRS Return Holes (IRS Kit sold separately)
- Choice of clear (standard) back or custom back (blue/black)
- 1/2" Body 1/2" Top


text: I wasn't born in SC but have been here most of my 66 years. I owned and lived on several acres surrounded by woods. Over the years I probably have had over two dozen lost dogs end up at my place. I posted signs by the road that I had found a lost dog and took good care of all of them. Not every property owner would do that so dog hunters need to realize the risk not only to their sport but to their dogs.


text:
The Trinity Christmas Plum-pudding.
[We have had the felicity, on sundry Merry Christmases, of sitting in the blaze of the " Yule-clog," embowered among evergreens at " a good man's feast," who well understood, and himself looked, to the due concoction and boiling of the pudding of his nation, weighing from some twenty-five to thirty pounds. For it we give his receipt, which we need not say is excellent; proved and approved.]
The Trinity Christmas Pudding. — Three pounds raisins, half Muscatel and half Valentia, three pounds currants, three pounds beef suet chopped very fine, sixty eggs, a pint and a half of milk, three pounds best raw sugar, the rind of six lemons minced very small, four pounds of fine flour, a half-pound treacle, four nutmegs grated, and cinnamon and cloves pounded to taste; one large table-spoonful of salt, two wine-glasses of brandy, two of rum, one of Port; of sliced candied orange and lemon-peel; half-ounce each, citron-peel a half-ounce. The whole must be thoroughly well mixed early on the 24th December, and boiled for ten hours on Christmas Eve, and four hours on Christmas Day, or from leaving chapel till dinner-time, taking care the whole time to keep the boiler filled with boiling water, and the fire strong and constant. Farther, in preparing for the boiler, the cloth, first scalded, afterwards squeezed, is put on the dresser and well dredged with flour, and then placed very evenly over a colander, so that it shall be in the middle of it. The pudding is then put into the cloth, being well stirred up, a person plaiting the cloth so that it shall be evenly taken up that no water shall get into it. It must then be excessively well tied up, allowing some room for the pudding swelling, and boiled. The Christmas Pudding should be served up with a sprig of arbutus stuck in the middle, with one of its red berries, and a sprig of variegated holly with one or two berries on each side of it. This is to keep away the witches.
LOL, I didn't expect that last sentence! I must confess I have never had the pleasure (or punishment) of partaking in the preparation or polishing off of plum pudding. Instead of spending a fortune on all the above ingredients (How did they afford this back then?) and boiling the concoction for 14 hours overnight and on Christmas Day, I'll check my favorite British Market's website and click 'n' ship.


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Jimmy Wales Thinks Snowden Is 'An Innocent Party' And 'A Hero'; Wants To Know If He Ever Edited Wikipedia
from the another-mystery dept
A post on Examiner.com points out that Jimmy Wales, Wikipedia's co-founder, is interested in Edward Snowden:
I'm sure this has been discussed somewhere. In the media there have been reports of user accounts used on various tech discussion sites by Edward Snowden. He was apparently quite an active person online, particularly a few years back when he was younger. It seems highly likely to me that he would have edited Wikipedia -- most people who fit his profile (tech savvy, internet activist types) will have done so. Do we have any evidence of that, or suspicions about that?
As Wales says, it certainly seems possible that Snowden might have fiddled with a bit or two on Wikipedia, as one does, so it's a reasonable question to pose. But there's a complication, also pointed out in the Examiner.com story:
However, a key problem for Mr. Wales is that Wikipedians aren't allowed to snoop into the identity of other other Wikipedia editors who have not disclosed their real name on Wikipedia.
This tension between wanting to know if Snowden was a Wikipedia editor, and rules that say the identity of editors should not be revealed unilaterally, is explored in a fascinating -- and lively -- discussion underneath Wales's original post that's well-worth reading. His position on the matter is the following:
It is not 'outing' when the user ids in question are already published widely in the media in reliable sources. I looked for a couple of variant spellings and found nothing, so I asked to see if others could find anything. I think it is not only acceptable but highly desirable for people to openly discuss such matters. If someone discovers or knows something that they feel would be inappropriate to post publicly, then they should send it to me privately.
Snowden's relationship with Wikipedia remains a mystery; Wales's views on Snowden, by contrast, are pretty clear:
I personally think in general Snowden is an "innocent party" -- a hero, in fact.
Follow me @glynmoody on Twitter or identi.ca, and on Google+
Filed Under: ed snowden, editors, jimmy wales, wikipedia
Companies: wikipedia


text:
The historic halls of a former post office in the Deutz quarter of Cologne was the host for the 2014 edition of Design Post Köln. In addition to the imm cologne exhibition, Architonic was at Design Post to document the international interior design brands presenting there this year. Here below, two Facebook galleries presenting novelties from these renowned furniture, lighting and textiles manufacturers.
> to Architonic in Cologne: Design Post 2014, Part 1


text:
A famous Lorax statue stolen from the home of late author Dr. Theodor Seuss Geisel last year was found buried in thick brush off a canyon in San Diego Wednesday, police confirmed.
The San Diego Police Department says the Lorax statue – a 300-pound, 2-foot-tall bronze statue stolen from Dr. Seuss' La Jolla home in March 2012 – was recovered by detectives in a canyon in the 7500 block of Country Club Drive in La Jolla.
Detectives searched the canyon Wednesday morning after receiving a tip from a man in Montana claiming to know about the theft of the statue and where it was stashed.
According to police, the unidentified 22-year-old tipster came forward to authorities at the Bozeman Police Department in Montana last week, saying he had information about the crime committed in San Diego. His details then led police to find the Lorax statue, officials said.
The tipster's name was not released. The investigation is ongoing and charges are pending.
At this point, police have not released details about how the statue was stolen or who stole it.
Police say the Lorax statue – valued at approximately $10,000 – has now been returned to its home at the Geisel estate.
The statue is one of only two in the world created by Dr. Seuss' stepdaughter, Lark Dimond-Cates, and was priceless to the family.
Dimond-Cates sculpted the statue for her stepfather's memorial. Dr. Seuss' widow, Audrey Geisel, loved it so much so asked her daughter for a copy of the bronze artwork for their Mt. Soledad home.
Last March, Audrey Geisel called police when she discovered the statue was missing from her home.
Dimond-Cates spoke to NBC 7 San Diego at the time of the crime and said she was upset about the theft.
"It's crummy to sneak into a 90-year-old widow's home in the dead of night and steal her Lorax," Dimond-Cates told NBC 7 last March. "You can't be doing that."
"It gave her so much happiness to get up every morning and look out and see her little Lorax out there," Dimond-Cates said. "And she got up the other day and he wasn't there."
At the time of the theft, the Geisel estate was in the process of installing security cameras, so the act was not captured on tape.
The home's manager, Carl Romero, told NBC 7 last March that thieves likely dragged the statue from the home, down a hill, over a fence and possibly into a car.
"The Lorax" was published as a book in 1971. The story follows a young boy through a pristine pollution-free world. The boy encounters the Lorax – a small creature who "speaks for trees" on the importance of preserving the ecosystem.
The book was made into a 2012 film "The Lorax" distributed by Universal Pictures.


text:
It was good of Ari Schwartz to respond last week to my recent post querying whether the Center for Democracy and Technology outright opposes a national ID or simply "does not support" one.
Ari says CDT does oppose a national ID, and I believe that he honestly believes that. But it's worth taking a look at whether the group's actions are consistent with opposition to a national ID. I believe CDT's actions – most recently its support of the PASS ID Act – support the creation of a national ID.
(The title of his post and some of his commentary suggest I have engaged in rhetorical excess and mischaracterized his views. Please do judge for yourself whether I'm being shrill or unfair, which is not my intention.)
First I want to address an unusual claim of Ari's – that we already have a national ID system. If that is true, his support for PASS ID is more sensible because it is an opportunity to inject federal privacy protections into the existing system (putting aside whether it is a federal responsibility to manage a state system or systems).
Do We Already Have a National ID?
I have heard a few people suggest that we have a national ID in the form of the Social Security Number. I believe the SSN is a national identifier, but it fails the test of a national identification card or system because it is not used for identification. As we know well from the scourge of identity fraud, there is no definitive way to tie an SSN to a person. The SSN is not used for identification (at least not reliably and not alone), which is the third part of my national ID definition. (Senator Schumer might like the SSN to form the basis of a national ID system, of course.)
But Ari says something different. He does not claim any definition of "national ID" or "national ID system." Instead, he appeals to the authority of a 2003 report from a National Academy of Sciences group entitled "Who Goes There?: Authentication Through the Lens of Privacy." That report indeed says, "State-issued driver's licenses are a de facto nationwide identity system" – on the second-to-last substantive page of its second-to-last substantive chapter
But this is a highly selective use of quotation. The year before, that same group issued a report called "IDs – Not That Easy: Questions About Nationwide Identity Systems." From the beginning and throughout, that report discussed the many issues around proposals to create a "nationwide" identity system. If the NAS panel had already concluded that we have a national ID system, it would not have issued an entire report critiquing that prospect. It would have discussed the existing one as such. Ari's one quote doesn't do much to support the notion that we already have a national ID.
What's more, CDT's own public comments on the proposed REAL ID Act regulations in May 2007 said that its data-intensive "one person – one license/ID card – one record" policy would "create a national identification system."
If a national ID system already existed, the new policy wouldn't create one. This is another authority at odds with the idea that we have a national ID system already.
Support of PASS ID might be forgiven if we had a national ID system and if PASS ID would improve it. But the claim we already have one is weak.
"Political Reality" and Its Manufacture
But the heart of Ari's claim is that supporting PASS ID reflects good judgment in light of political reality.
Despite the fact that there are no federal politicians, no governors and no appointed officials from any party publicly supporting repeal of REAL ID today, CDT still says that repeal is an acceptable option. However, PASS ID would get to the same outcome, or better, in practice and has the added benefit of actually being a political possibility… . I realize that Harper has invested a lot of time fighting for the word "repeal," but at some point we have to look at the political reality.
A "Dear Colleague" letter inviting support for a bill to repeal REAL ID circulated on the Hill last week. How many legislators will hesitate to sign on to the bill because they have heard that the PASS ID Act, and not repeal of REAL ID, is CDT's preferred way forward?
The phrase "political reality" is more often used by advocates to craft the political reality they prefer than to describe anything truly real. Like the observer effect in experimental research, statements about "political reality" change political reality. Convince enough people that a thing is "political reality" and the sought-after political reality becomes, simply, reality.
I wrote here before about how the National Governors Association, sensing profit, has worked diligently to make REAL ID a "political reality." And it has certainly made some headway (though not enough). In the last Congress, the only legislation aimed at resolving the REAL ID impasse were bills to repeal REAL ID. Since then, the political reality is that Barack Obama was elected president and an administration far less friendly to a national ID took office. Democrats – who are on average less friendly to a national ID – made gains in both the House and Senate.
But how are political realities crafted? It has often been described as trying to get people on a bus. To pass a bill, you change it to get more people on the bus than get off.
The REAL ID bus was missing some important riders. It had security hawks, the Department of Homeland Security, anti-immigrant groups, DMV bureaucrats, public safety advocates, and the Bush Administration. But it didn't have: state legislators and governors, privacy and civil liberties groups, and certain religious communities, among others.
PASS ID is for the most part an effort to bring on state legislators and governors. The NGA is hoping to broker the sale of state power to the federal government, locking in its own institutional role as a supplicant in Washington, D.C. for state political leaders.
But look who else was hanging around the bus station looking for rides! – CDT, the nominal civil liberties group. Alone it jumped on the bus, communicating to others less familiar with the issues that PASS ID represented a good way forward.
Happily, few have taken this signal. The authors of PASS ID were unable to escape the name "REAL ID," which is a far more powerful beacon flashing national ID and all the ills that entails than CDT's signal to the contrary.
This is not the first time that CDT's penchant for compromise has assisted the national ID effort, though.
Compromising Toward National ID
The current push for a national ID has a short history that I summarized three years ago in a righteously titled post on the TechLiberationFront blog: "The Markle Foundation: Font of Evil II."
Briefly, in December 2003, a group called the Markle Foundation Task Force on National Security in the Information Age recommended "both near-term measures and a longer-term research agenda to increase the reliability of identification while protecting privacy." (Never mind that false identification was not a modus operandi of the 9/11 attacks.)
The 9/11 Commission, citing Markle, found that "[t]he federal government should set standards for the issuance of birth certificates and sources of identification, such as drivers licenses." In December 2004, Congress passed the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act, implementing the recommendations of the 9/11 Commission, including national standards for drivers' licenses and identification cards, the national ID system recommended by the Markle Task Force. And in May 2005, Congress passed a strengthened national ID system in the REAL ID Act.
An earlier post, "The Markle Foundation: Font of Evil," has more – and the text of a PoliTech debate between myself and Stewart Baker. Security hawk Baker was a participant in the Markle Foundation group, as was national ID advocate Amitai Etzioni. So was the Center for Democracy and Technology's Jim Dempsey.
I had many reservations about the Markle Foundation Task Force and its work product, and in an April 2005 meeting of the DHS Privacy Committee, I asked Dempsey about what qualified people to serve on that task force, whether people were invited, and what might exclude them. A month before REAL ID passed, he said:
I think the Markle Task Force at least sought balance. And people came to the table committed to dialogue. And those who came with a particular point of view, I think, were all committed to listening. And I think people's minds were changed… . What we were committed to in the Markle Task Force was changing our minds and trying to find a common ground and to try to understand each other. And we spent the time at it. And that, I think, is reflected in the product of the task force.
There isn't a nicer, more genuine person working in public policy than Jim Dempsey. He is the consummate honest broker, and this statement of his intentions for the Markle Foundation I believe to be characteristically truthful and earnest.
But consider the possibility that others participating on the Markle Foundation Task Force did not share Jim's predilection for honest dialogue and compromise. It is even possible that they mouthed these ideals while working intently to advance their goals, including creation of a national ID.
Stewart Baker, who I personally like, is canny and wily, and he wants to win. I see no evidence that Amitai Etzioni changed his mind about having a national ID when he authored the recommendation in the Markle report that ultimately produced REAL ID.
Other Markle participants I have talked to were unaware of what the report said about identity-based security, national identity standards, or a national ID. They don't even know (or didn't at the time) that lending your name to a report also lends it your credibility. Whatever privacy or civil liberties advocates were involved with the Markle Task Force got rolled – big-time – by the pro-national-ID team.
CDT is a sophisticated Washington, D.C. operation. It is supposed to understand these dynamics. I can't give it the pass that outsiders to Washington might get. By committing to compromise rather than any principle, and by lending its name to the Markle Foundation Task Force report, CDT gave credibility to a bad idea – the creation of a national ID.
CDT helped produce the REAL ID Act, which has taken years of struggle to beat back. And now they are at it again with "pragmatic" support for PASS ID.
CDT has been consistently compromising on national ID issues while proponents of a national ID have been doggedly and persistently pursuing their interests. This is not the behavior of a civil liberties organization. It's why I asked in the post that precipitated this debate whether there is anything that would cause CDT to push back from the table and say No.
Despite words to the contrary, I don't see evidence that CDT opposes having a national ID. It certainly works around the edges to improve privacy in the context of having a national ID – reducing the wetness of the water, as it were – but at key junctures, CDT's actions have tended to support having a U.S. national ID. I remain open to seeing contrary evidence.


text:
19th Century English Hall Bench / Window Seat
+44 (0)01666 500887
+44 (0)7751 542149
United Kingdom
19th Century
Telephone: +44 (0)01666 500887
Mobile: +44 (0)7751 542149
BROWNRIGGStamford House
Owner Jorge Perez-Martin created Brownrigg Interiors over 20 years ago. Being Spanish means his clients can take advantage of his additional knowledge and understanding of not just English antique and 20th Century pieces, but also his flair and feel for Continental pieces as well. Jorge acquires items from all over the UK and Europe and of course, from his home country, giving an extra flavour to the homes he helps decorate.
Brownrigg has flourished and grown over the years, and his large shop in the centre of Tetbury, Gloucestershire has already become an established destination following it's launch in 2014.
Jorge can also be found exhibiting in London on occasion at the Decorative Fair.
SOCIAL MEDIA LINKS: Twitter, Facebook
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text:
BOCA CHICA, Dominican Republic — By day, Italian tourists pack the beach of this Caribbean seafront village. By night, prostitutes fill its streets.
"Prostitution is everywhere here; on the beach, in the bars, in the clubs," said Antonio Guzman, 36, a hustler who has worked the beach for 15 years and regularly connects tourists with prostitutes. "This place runs on it."
On a weekend at midday recently, a few blocks from a beach where hundreds of Europeans tanned, a few middle-age men entered a small club on a quiet street. Inside, they had their choice of pretty, young, mostly Dominican women: $50 bought them two hours in a private room with the girl of their choice, drinks and food, the men said.
Across this nation of 10 million, similar scenes play out — from small bars and hotels where tourists pay $40 for a half hour with a woman to packaged sex tourism vacations costing upward of $4,000 for a three-night, all-inclusive stay.
Long before explosive allegations emerged claiming Sen. Bob Menendez, D-N.J., and a political contributor flew to the country for wild parties with several prostitutes, the Dominican Republic had cemented its reputation as a hub for sex tourism. Menendez has denied the allegations, calling them a political smear campaign.
Studies suggest between 60,000 and 100,000 women work in the sex trade in the country, according to the Center for Integral Orientation and Investigation, a health and outreach organization based in the capital, Santo Domingo.
Full story: In Dominican Republic seaside village, a virtual supermarket of sex


text:
Quickly becoming a favorite, the Picasso Pants are a lightweight knit in a whimsical nautical stripe. The navy and white pants pair perfectly with our Montauk sweater. Made from eco friendly cotton and available in sizes 3mo up to 4 toddler
Available Options:
Weekend Sweater in Dove
Tab Front Sweater in Sky Blue
Organic Cotton Cable Pants
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Website Design & Development by DakovGroup.com


text:
Empresario1 necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 538 diseños de 111 diseñadores freelance.
Since 1996, Mamma has been providing users with a convenient search experience. Using time tested meta search technology and methodology, Mamma has been curating the web, giving users the most relevant and premium information the web has to offer. Mamma knows what's best and truly believes that aggregating and centralizing content from the web's leading search engines is the most efficient way to access information online.
Our meta search platform helps users find what they want from sources that actually matter. If you are looking to search a specific topic, the latest news, images, videos, twitter, jobs, local businesses, and the best deals in travel & shopping, then Mamma is the search engine for you.
Mamma's engine compiles all the search results from the leading search engines, filters replicates to ensure every result is unique, and organizes them in one extremely fast feed to bring forth the most refined content available on the web.
- 18-65 years of age
- Males and Females
- Global customer base, top Geo's include: US, India, Canada, UK, Mexico, Germany, Australia, France, Italy, Spain.
- Users who are familiar with search since the early days of the web; they used mamma.com as their search engine of choice, next to other leading search engines such as ask.com and yahoo.com.
- New users who are web savvy and are looking for a comprehensive and efficient search engine that combines search results from several search engines and returns only quality content based on their search topics.
- Need a font that makes the word, mamma, part of the image. We do not want a picture of the old lady as in the current logo, or other images included in the logo.
- Would prefer that the font of the logo doesn't stray too much from the current logo- should be a clean, yet authentic transition to the new logo. BUT, we do encourage creativity and are open to a different font. However with this, it should still satisfy our other requirements and be a good fit for the image mamma wants to portray.
- Logo needs to be iconic as the word and brand implies, and stand for our customer's needs.
- Logo needs to be unisex and appeal to a wide audience both genders, ranging anywhere from 18-65 yrs of age, of any ethnicity or background. The logo should speak to an old or new school audience.
-Logo color should be a of a lighter blue color, or another blue color that is closer to a lighter hue rather than a darker hue.
-Logo style and color should be a good compliment to the new layout we have in mind. The new layout will remain uncluttered and will have color combinations consisting of light blue/ light beige/ black; light blue/off black/light grey; light blue/powder pink/black; white/black/light blue; light blue/orange/white/ (see attached brief for sample layout colors, scroll all the way to the bottom of the brief)
-No gradients in the design.
-Want a logo that is relevant, but LONG TERM.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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This (here) could be an interesting part of the ongoing discussion about the role of the new social media in the church. Although not directly addressing history, the subject of how that media is used in the church will have an impact of records, archives and history.
Tn Conf. Archivist
Jim Havron currently serves as archivist of the Tennessee Conference of the United Methodist Church. The opinions expressed, however, are his own, unless otherwise stated. His education and experience is in history with additional focus on public history, archives and museums, and with research and practice focusing on religious history, oral history, user advocacy and where the craft of history meets technology. He can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com. He also blogs at other sites (his own and as guest or designated blogger,) under both his own name and pseudonyms.


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Pretty Link Pro – Tweet Post After Publishing
We use the Pretty Link Pro WordPress plugin, which is a bargain and can be purchased by clicking here, to tweet articles under the @questiondefense Twitter account. This not only is easy to do with Pretty Link Pro but it provides a great method of driving traffic to our articles here on Question-Defense.com. There have been numerous times when one of us forgets to check the tweet article checkbox in the Pretty Link Pro bucket from the Add New Post page when writing articles. The issue with that is the fact that once an article is published there is no tweet article button from the Edit Post page within WordPress. Below we describe the process of tweeting a post after it has been published in WordPress.


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Fox's Kelly Absurdly Claims Fox Personalities Do Not Invoke Nazis
Research ››› ››› JUSTIN BERRIER
Fox News anchor Megyn Kelly responded to her guest's statement that Fox News figures regularly invoke Nazi imagery by stating: "I don't know if you sit and watch our programming every night, but I watch it every day and you're wrong." In fact, several Fox News figures, particularly Glenn Beck, have a long history of smearing President Obama, Democrats, and progressive figures by invoking Nazi and Holocaust imagery.
Kelly "Watch[es]" Fox News "Every Day" But Hasn't Noticed Nazi Imagery
Kelly Responds To Claim That Fox Commenters Invoke Nazi Imagery To Smear Dems By Absurdly Claiming "You're Wrong." On the January 20 edition of Fox News' America Live, Kelly hosted Equality Matters' President Richard Socarides to discuss Rep. Steve Cohen's (D-TN) recent reference to Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels on the floor of the House of Representatives. Socarides stated that "on the very network that we're on right now, the leading commenters on this network use this kind of language." Kelly responded by absurdly claiming "I don't know if you sit and watch our programming every night, but I watch it every day and you're wrong." [Fox News, America Live, 1/20/11]
In Fact, Fox News Figures Regularly Invoke Nazis, Hitler, Goebbels, Other Nazi Imagery
Glenn Beck Repeatedly Invokes The Nazis While Attacking Obama And Progressives
Beck: Progressives Use "Democratic Elections" To Push Dictators -- "Hitler, 'Democratically Elected.' " On April 28, 2010, Beck stated that progressives use "democratic elections" to push dictators, then stated, "You'll hear this when they talk about the 'democratically elected' leader of Iran; the democratic leader Chavez, 'democratically elected,' you know; Castro, 'democratically elected'; Hitler - 'democratically elected.' " [Fox News, Glenn Beck, 04/28/10]
Beck Invoked "First They Came For The Jews" Poem To Respond To Ad Boycotts. On April 8, 2010, Beck portrayed ad boycotts of his show as being orchestrated by the Obama White House in order to "destroy" his "career" and "silence" him, adding: "Is there absolutely no chance whatsoever that you might be a target at some point in the future? What's that poem? First they came for the Jews, and I stayed silent?" [Fox News, Glenn Beck, 04/08/10]
Beck On NEA Conference Call: "You Should Look Up The Name Goebbels." On November 3, 2009, discussing an NEA conference call in which artists reportedly discussed how "to help lay a new foundation for growth, focusing on core areas of the recovery agenda," Beck said that "advocating through art is known as propaganda. Hmm. You should look up the name Goebbels." [Fox News, Glenn Beck, 11/03/09]
Beck On Obama's "Civilian National Security Force": "This Is What Hitler Did With The SS." Discussing President Obama's call for a "civilian national security force" -- which was a reference to expanding the foreign service, AmeriCorps, and the Peace Corps -- Beck said on August 27, 2009:
BECK: I'm finding this -- this is the hardest part to connect to. Because this is -- I mean, look, you know, David [Bellavia, former Army staff sergeant], what you just said is, you said, 'I'm not comparing' -- but you are. I mean, this is what Hitler did with the SS. He had his own people. He had the brownshirts and then the SS. This is what Saddam Hussein -- so -- but you are comparing that. And I -- I mean, I think America would have a really hard time getting their arms around that. [Fox News, Glenn Beck, 08/27/09]
Beck Said "The Germans" During Hitler's Rise "Were An Awful Lot Like We Are Now." On June 10, 2009, Beck stated: "I think the Germans, however, were an awful lot like we are now. We're kind of living in a denial, like, 'No, no, that can't really be happening. No, that really -- I -- you don't want to believe some things, but you have to. You have to actually think about them." [Fox News, Glenn Beck, 06/10/09]
Beck Compared Auto Bailouts To The Actions Of German Companies "In The Early Days Of Adolf Hitler." While discussing the auto company bailouts on April 1, 2009, after stating, "I am not saying that Barack Obama is a fascist," Beck said, "If I'm not mistaken, in the early days of Adolf Hitler, they were very happy to line up for help there as well. I mean, the companies were like, 'Hey, wait a minute. We can get, you know, we can get out of trouble here. They can help, et cetera, et cetera.' " [Fox News, Glenn Beck, 04/01/09]
Beck Airs Photos Of Hitler, Stalin, Lenin, Asks, "Is This Where We're Headed?" On April 2, 2009, while teasing the next day's show, Beck asked, "Is this where we're headed?" while airing photos of Hitler, Josef Stalin, and Vladimir Lenin. [Fox News, Glenn Beck, 04/02/09]
Beck Has Attacked Progressive Organizations As "Brownshirts." On May 7, 2009, Beck attacked the "brownshirts" at ACORN and "their henchmen" at the Service Employees International Union. [Fox News, Glenn Beck, 05/07/09]
Beck Warned Of Impending "National Socialism." On February 6, 2009, Beck claimed that "We are really truly stepping beyond socialism and starting to look at fascism." Then, purporting to "explain what happened in Nazi Germany," Beck claimed that "we're talking now about nationalizing the banks," which he called "national socialism." Beck said that "at first, all the big companies and the big capitalists in Germany said, 'Oh, thank goodness there's a savior. OK, great, we'll do that. Yes.' It didn't take too long before, like here in America now -- Goldman Sachs -- they started to see the writing on the wall and ... they couldn't get out of it fast enough." [Fox News, The O'Reilly Factor, 02/06/09]
Beck Compared Gore To Goebbels, Says, "The Government And Its Friends Are Indoctrinating Our Children For The Control Of Their Minds." On February 5, 2009, Beck stated "The government and its friends are indoctrinating our children for the control of their minds, your freedom, and our choice and our future." Beck then quoted Joesph Goebbels discussing the Hitler Youth and said, "If mom and dad decide the keep the temperature above 72, should our 'Gore youth' report mom and dad?" [Fox News, Glenn Beck, 02/05/09]
Beck: Holocaust Survivor's Story Of How Nazis Drove A Wedge Between Students And Parents Sounds Like U.N. and Gore. On September 24, 2010, Beck hosted a Holocaust survivor who said that the Nazis drove a wedge between students and their parents. Beck responded by saying, "I don't know about anybody else ... this, to me, doesn't sound like stuff necessarily that I've heard from Obama. This is stuff that I've heard from the U.N. This is the kind of stuff that we have heard from ... Al Gore." [Fox News, Glenn Beck, 09/24/10]
In 2007, ADL Rebuked Beck's Smears Of Gore. On May 2, 2007, the ADL issued a press release condemning Beck's April 30, 2007, statement that "Al Gore's not going to be rounding up Jews and exterminating them. It is the same tactic, however. The goal is different. The goal is globalization. The goal is global carbon tax. The goal is the United Nations running the world." Abraham H. Foxman, ADL National Director and a Holocaust survivor, said of the remark, in part: "Glenn Beck's linkage of Hitler's plan to round up and exterminate Jews with Al Gore's efforts to raise awareness of global warming is outrageous, insensitive and deeply offensive." [American Defamation League, 5/2/07]
Beck Invokes Nazis While Attacking The Media
Beck Compares Media Portrayal Of "Tea Partygoers" To Nazi Portrayal Of Anti-Nazi "Complainers." On August 11, 2009, Beck compared the media's portrayal of the "tea partygoers" to a Nazi propaganda poster portraying "complainers" about Nazi policies, saying, "This is a poster of what you see every day now in the news media making the complainers, the tea partygoers, look somehow rotten." [Fox News, Glenn Beck, 08/11/09]
Beck Says U.S. Is On The Same Course As Weimar Republic
Beck Suggests U.S. On Course To Make Same "Mistake[s] That Germany Made During Weimar Republic" On February 24, 2009, Beck suggested that the U.S. was on course to make the "scariest mistake that Germany made during Weimar Republic." [Fox News, Fox & Friends, 2/24/09]
Beck Conspiracy Theory: Similar To Weimar Republic, U.S. Government To Seize Land Through Fannie Mae And Freddie Mac To Back New Currency. On October 28, 2009, Beck theorized that the United States, in order to pay its debts, would continue printing money and drive up inflation, at which point the country would drop the dollar as its currency and establish a new currency backed by land, which the government will seize through Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Beck explained that this is exactly what happened in the Weimar Republic. [Fox News, Glenn Beck, 10/28/09]
Beck's Economic Forecast: "The Great Depression Times 100" Or Hyperinflation Like The Weimar Republic. On January 5, 2010, Beck predicted a possible future of hyperinflation he described as "the Great Depression times 100," adding: "This is the reason I told you two years ago, please study the Weimar Republic." [Fox News, Glenn Beck, 1/5/10]
Beck Explains Deflation, Hyperinflation: "See If You Notice Any Similarities Of The Weimar Republic" To U.S. On August 2, 2010, Beck explained deflation and hyperinflation by saying, "See if you notice any similarities of the Weimar Republic" to the U.S. economy. [Fox News, Glenn Beck, 8/2/10]
Beck Continues Weimar Republic Warning: "I Want You Watch For Three Things." On August 12, 2010, Beck asked his viewers to "watch for three things" that were done in the Weimar Republic, saying that "you must educate yourself." [Fox News, Glenn Beck 8/12/10]
O'Reilly, Other Fox Personalities Have Also Invoked The Nazis
Bill O'Reilly
O'Reilly Said Liberals Who Support Gun Control Are "Totalitarians," Compared Them To Hitler. On March 2, 2010, O'Reilly said liberals who support gun control are "today's totalitarians," adding that in the past people like "Hitler and Mussolini" held such positions in favor of "state control." [Fox News, The O'Reilly Factor, 3/2/10]
O'Reilly: Huffington Post Uses "Same Exact Tactics That The Nazis Used." On March 5, 2008, O'Reilly said "And I said that these tactics that are being used on this website, The Huffington Post, are the same exact tactics that the Nazis used in the late '20s and early '30s to demonize certain groups of people, so it would become easier for them, the Nazis, when they took power, to hurt those people." Earlier, on February 27, 2008, O'Reilly said that "I don't see any difference between [Arianna] Huffington and the Nazis. ... I don't see any difference." O'Reilly later said: "I didn't say she was a Nazi. ... I said there's no difference between what the two do. I want everybody to know that." [Fox News, The O'Reilly Factor, 3/10/08, 2/28/08]
O'Reilly Compared Tim Robbins' Comments To Those Of "Von Ribbentrop In The Nazi Hierarchy." On December 13, 2007, Jane Hall said that comments made by actor Tim Robbins while campaigning for John Edwards were "valid." In response, Bill O'Reilly said, "But Von Ribbentrop in the Nazi hierarchy made valid points, Jane." [Fox News, The O'Reilly Factor, 12/14/07]
O'Reilly: Daily Kos Is "Like The Nazi Party." On July 16, 2007, O'Reilly said that the Daily Kos is "like the Ku Klux Klan. It's like the Nazi party. There's no difference here." A day later, O'Reilly said "That website traffics in [hate], as do the Nazi websites. No difference." On July 19, 2007, O'Reilly said of Daily Kos: "The hate this website traffics in rivals the KKK and Nazi websites." [Fox News, The O'Reilly Factor, 1/16/07, 1/17/07, 1/19/07]
O'Reilly Compares Michael Moore's "Power" To What "Happened In Nazi Germany." On July 28, 2004, Bill O'Reilly said that Michael Moore "has more power than probably anybody else other than [Senators John] Kerry and [John] Edwards," adding that Moore's purported "power" was "scary" because "this happened in Nazi Germany." O'Reilly went on to ask: "Who was the most powerful person in Nazi Germany other than Hitler and Himmler and Goering, who? You guys know? ... Goebbels. The propaganda minister." [Fox News, The O'Reilly Factor, 7/28/04]
O'Reilly Likened Moore, Franken To Goebbels. On June 14, 2004, Bill O'Reilly compared both Michael Moore and Al Franken to Goebbels. O'Reilly also likened a group of Hollywood celebrities who attended a premiere of Moore's film Fahrenheit 9/11 to "the people who would turn out to see Josef Goebbels convince you that Poland invaded the Third Reich." [Fox News, The O'Reilly Factor, 6/14/04]
Newt Gingrich
Gingrich: Obama, Dems Threatening America As Much As "Nazi Germany Or The Soviet Union Once Did." On the May 16, 2010, edition of Fox News Sunday, Fox News contributor and former House Speaker Newt Gingrich said that President Obama and the Democratic Party present as great a threat as "Nazi Germany or the Soviet Union once did." [Fox News, Fox News Sunday, 5/16/10]
Sean Hannity
Hannity: Using Quran For Swearing-In Is Same As Using A "Nazi Bible." On the November 30, 2006, edition of Hannity & Colmes, Sean Hannity said that Rep. Keith Ellison using a copy of the Quran during his swearing-in ceremony "will embolden Islamic extremists and make new ones" and is comparable to using "Hitler's Mein Kampf ... the Nazis' bible." [Fox News, Hannity & Colmes, 11/30/06]
Ann Coulter
Coulter On Fox: Media Matters Is A "Little Nazi Block Watcher" Website. On the December 1, 2005, edition of Fox News' The O'Reilly Factor, right-wing pundit Ann Coulter called websites like Media Matters "little Nazi block watchers" that "tattle on their parents, turn them in to the Nazis." [Fox News, The O'Reilly Factor, 12/1/05]
Fox's Nazi Rhetoric Mirrored By Fox Chairman Roger Ailes
Ailes: NPR Executives Have A "Nazi Attitude. They Are The Left Wing Of Nazism." In a November 2010 Daily Beast interview with Howard Kurtz, Ailes called NPR "Nazis," adding "they have a kind of Nazi attitude. They are the left wing of Nazism." From The Daily Beast:
The onetime Republican strategist is a man of strong opinions, in case that wasn't clear, and he also puts his money where his mouth is. When Juan Williams was fired by National Public Radio for remarks he made on Fox about fearing airplane passengers in Muslim garb, Ailes rushed to award him a three-year, $2 million contract.
"A guy who gets fired and humiliated in the press can lose a lot of confidence," Ailes says. Calling Williams "a pure liberal," Ailes says he wanted to compensate the pundit for his losses because he was "mad" and "I didn't want him to have to call his wife and say we lost money."
Then he turned his sights on NPR executives.
"They are, of course, Nazis. They have a kind of Nazi attitude. They are the left wing of Nazism. These guys don't want any other point of view. They don't even feel guilty using tax dollars to spout their propaganda. They are basically Air America with government funding to keep them alive."
It's hardly surprising that Ailes would defend Williams or castigate NPR. But trotting out such Third Reich rhetoric seems, shall we say, disproportionate to the situation. NPR spokeswoman Anna Christopher says only that "we will let Mr. Ailes' words speak for themselves." [Daily Beast, 11/17/10]
Ailes Apologizes For Nazi Comments to ADL. According to Politico, Ailes apologized to the Anti-Defamation League for invoking the Nazis in his comments, but according to NPR, Ailes did not apologize to NPR executives themselves. [Politico, 11/18/10, NPR, 11/19/10]
- Network/Outlet
- Fox News Channel
- Person
- Bill O'Reilly, Sean Hannity, Glenn Beck, Megyn Kelly
- Show/Publication
- The O'Reilly Factor, Glenn Beck show, America Live
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