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We propose a novel application of secondary electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (SESI-MS) as a real-time clinical diagnostic tool for bacterial infection. It is known that volatile organic compounds (VOCs), produced in different combinations and quantities by bacteria as metabolites, generate characteristic odors for certain bacteria. These VOCs comprise a specific metabolic profile that can be used for species or serovar identification, but rapid and sensitive analytical methods are required for broad utility. In this study, the VOC profiles of five bacterial groups from four genera, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum, were characterized by SESI-MS. Thirteen compounds were identified from these bacterial cultures, and the combination of these VOCs creates a unique pattern for each genus. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied for the purpose of species or serovar discrimination. The first three principal components exhibit a clear separation between the metabolic volatile profiles of these five bacterial groups that is independent of the growth medium. As a first step toward addressing the complexity of clinical application, in vitro tests for mixed cultures were conducted. The results show that individual species or serovars in a mixed culture are identifiable among a biological VOC background, and the ratios of the detected volatiles reflect the proportion of each bacterium in the mixture. Our data confirm the utility of SESI-MS in real-time identification of bacterial species or serovars in vitro, which, in the future, may play a promising clinical role in diagnosing infections.
Bacterial infection is the root cause and/or the complicating factor of many human diseases. For example, 80% of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients will acquire chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections during their lifetime, which is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality (12, 14), and uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) bacteria are responsible for more than 80% of urinary tract infections in the United States. (13, 26). Typical bacterial identification methods (e.g., culture, serological, and genetic methods) are time-consuming (from hours to days) and may require harsh techniques such as sputum induction or bronchoalveolar lavage for isolating samples from patients (3, 15). Therefore, an in situ test that is noninvasive, rapid, and sensitive, and that will facilitate timely and effective treatment decisions, is desired.
Diagnosing bacterial infections by smell has been practiced for millennia. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), produced by bacteria as waste products or primary metabolites (e.g., acetone, ethanol, or acetic acid), or as secondary metabolites (e.g., signaling molecules), may be produced in different quantities and combinations by each bacterial species or serovar, generating characteristic odors. For instance, P. aeruginosa synthesizes 2-aminoacetophenone, which has a grapelike odor and can be used to detect this bacterium in culture and in burn wounds (11). Similarly, indole is responsible for the characteristic odor of E. coli, making this VOC a common diagnostic marker for the identification of this bacterium (30). These compounds, in combination with other VOCs, could be used as a volatile fingerprint of each bacterium.
In order to obtain and utilize VOC profile information for species or serovar identification, fast and sensitive methods are required. Detection of bacterial headspace VOCs via mass spectrometry (MS) methods has been under development for more than 3 decades. For example, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been used to detect VOCs produced by P. aeruginosa, and aliphatic alcohols, ketones, and alkenes from other bacterial cultures have been identified using GC-MS (17, 27, 34). However, GC-MS requires sample collection (e.g., with sorbents) and preparation (e.g., derivatization), which increases the analysis time. In more-recent studies, selected ion flow tube-MS (SIFT-MS) and proton transfer reaction-MS (PTR-MS) have overcome these limitations for VOC qualification (4, 6, 31), but the fragmentation of specific peaks, which is an important tool for compound identification in atmospheric ionization techniques, is not possible when PTR-MS or SIFT-MS is used. Alternatively, it has been shown that electrospray plumes can efficiently ionize not only analytes from the condensed phase (7, 8, 10, 28, 29) but also gaseous compounds (9, 18, 32), with the latter approach termed "secondary electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry" (SESI-MS) (22, 33). These previous studies demonstrate the possibility of real-time detection and identification of VOCs by MS, which can be applied to the characterization of biological samples (19-21) and could achieve limits of detection as low as parts per trillion (22).
In this work, we applied SESI-MS to the detection and characterization of VOCs produced by P. aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum, a group that represents both Gram-positive and Gram-negative genera. Each of these five bacterial groups produces a unique VOC profile by SESI-MS, demonstrating the utility of this method in the identification of bacteria, including the ability to distinguish two closely related genera (Escherichia and Salmonella) as well as groups within the same species (S. Typhimurium and S. Pullorum). Additionally, we verified that individual species in a mixed culture are identifiable and that using different growth media does not confound the correct identification of the species that we used in this study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that SESI-MS has been used to characterize bacterial volatiles, and our data confirm the production of several volatile compounds previously reported for these species and serovars (2, 4). The VOC data presented here are part of a larger study focused on the development of breath and urine analyses for rapid identification of bacterial pathogens in a clinical setting.
Bacterial strains, medium, and growth condition.The strains used in this study were P. aeruginosa PA14 (courtesy of Fred Ausubel, Massachusetts General Hospital), S. Typhimurium ST5383 (courtesy of May Kihara, Yale University), S. Pullorum SA1685 (courtesy of Sharon Walker, University of California Riverside), E. coli ATCC 25922, and S. aureus ATCC 25923.
Monocultures of all strains were cultured aerobically for 24 h at 37°C with shaking at 150 rpm in 50 ml of tryptic soy broth (TSB) in 100-ml sterilized glass bottles (final optical densities at 600 nm [OD660] of >3.0 for all samples). PA14 was cultured in three additional media: LB-Lennox (5 g/liter NaCl), synthetic cystic fibrosis medium (SCFM; pH 6.8) (24), and MOPS (morpholinepropanesulfonic acid) (23) supplemented with 20 mM glucose and 30 mM succinate (pH 7.5). Three biological replicates, each with three technical replicates, were tested.
Mixed cultures of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were prepared by culturing each species individually in 50 ml of TSB for 23 h at 37°C with shaking at 150 rpm (final cell densities of 1 × 109 to 2 × 109 CFU/ml for all samples). The monocultures were mixed in different proportions of S. aureus to P. aeruginosa (3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 [vol/vol]) to give a final volume of 50 ml and then incubated for an additional hour at 37°C and 150 rpm, followed by spectrum acquisition by SESI-MS as described below.
SESI-MS.The VOC mass spectra were collected using SESI-MS, with the method previously reported by Martinez-Lozano and colleagues (20). The bacterial VOCs were introduced into the mass spectrometer (API-3000; SCIEX) by flushing the culture headspace for 1 min with CO2 (99.99%; 2 liters/min) at room temperature. Formic acid (0.1% [vol/vol]) in water was used as an electrospray solution, delivered at a flow rate of 5 nl/s through a nonconductive silica capillary (40-μm inside diameter [ID]) with a sharpened needle tip. The operation voltage was set at ∼3.5 kV. Spectra were collected over 1 min as an accumulation of 40 scans in single quadrupole positive-ion mode. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) fragmentation spectra were collected at 15 to 40 eV of collision energy, with N2 collision gas. The system was flushed with CO2 between samples to prevent carryover. Analyst 1.4.2 software (Applied Biosystems) was used for data collection and analysis.
Data processing and analysis.The spectra of the monocultures in this study represent the average values for nine spectra for each bacterial species or serovar (three technical replicates of three biological replicates), which have been blank subtracted (the blank spectrum is the volatile signature of the medium) and normalized to the peak of the greatest intensity from each individual spectrum. Compound identification was aided by Seven Golden Rules software (16) and Massbank (http://www.massbank.jp/). The probable compound identities for ethanol, acetone, 2-pentanone, 2-aminoacetophenone, acetic acid, 1-butanol, pyrimidine, ethylene glycol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and indole were further validated by comparing the MS-MS fragmentation spectra of standards (American Chemical Society [ACS] or high-performance-liquid-chromatography [HPLC] grade) to the sample VOC fragmentation spectra. To differentiate the correlations among bacterial VOC patterns, the peaks with mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) between 40 and 150 and relative intensity thresholds greater than 1% after blank subtraction were used as variables for principal component analysis (PCA; SAS version 9.2); all experimental replicates were used as observations.
The spectra of the mixed cultures of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa represent the average values for three biological replicates. The predicted spectra for the mixed cultures (3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 [vol/vol] S. aureus to P. aeruginosa) were calculated by scaling the spectra of the monocultures of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa relative to their proportion in the mixture and then adding the scaled spectra.
Using SESI-MS, we collected the mass spectra of the headspace volatiles produced by four genera of bacteria, represented by P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, E. coli, and S. Typhimurium (Fig. 1). Qualitatively, these spectra are all unique, possessing distinctive features that can be used to distinguish these bacterial groups from one another strictly by their volatile profiles. The mass spectrum captures more information about the bacterial volatiles than just the smell of the culture. In some instances, the compound responsible for the characteristic odor of the bacterial culture is the dominant feature of the spectrum, as in the case of indole (30) at an m/z of 118 in the E. coli spectrum (Fig. 1). In other cases, the most recognizable odorant is only a minor feature of the spectrum. In the spectrum for P. aeruginosa, for example, the dominant compound is 4-methylphenol (m/z = 109), but the compound that gives P. aeruginosa its characteristic grapelike odor is 2-aminoacetophenone at an m/z of 136 and a relative intensity of less than 5% compared to the level for 4-methylphenol (11).
A total of 13 VOCs from these four bacterial genera were identified, which are listed in Table 1 with the relative peak intensities observed for each species (the relative intensities for all peaks with m/z of 40 to 150 are listed in Table S1 in the supplemental material). The majority of these compounds were observed as the protonated species in the mass spectra, as the spectra were collected in positive-ion mode. However, a few compounds, such as butanol and isopentanol, were observed as [M-17]+, indicating the loss of a water molecule during sample analysis, which is a common occurrence for primary alcohols in gas phase ion-molecule reactions (31). Some of the compounds that are present in the headspace of these bacterial cultures give rise to more than one peak in the mass spectrum, either due to dimer formation ([2M+1]+, e.g., an m/z of 93 in the P. aeruginosa spectrum) or due to fragmentation during ionization (e.g., an m/z of 91 in the E. coli spectrum). These additional peaks are reproducible under a given set of instrumental parameters and are therefore robust components of the unique spectra produced by these species. Several compounds, such as ethanol (m/z = 47), acetone (m/z = 59), and acetic acid (m/z = 61), are produced through central metabolic pathways and are commonly observed for many species of bacteria as well as in human breath (1, 2, 4, 5). However, the relative intensities of these central metabolites can be distinctive for some species (Table 1), and in combination with the intensities of other peaks in the spectra (identified or not), a volatile profile unique to a species or serovar can be built.
While the relative intensities of the 13 identified compounds from the headspace of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, E. coli, and S. Typhimurium are sufficient information to distinguish between the four genera that these bacterial groups represent, there is a substantial quantity of additional information in the unidentified compounds of the spectra. We have used principal component analysis (PCA), without peak identification information, to demonstrate the ability to discriminate species or serovars by their volatile profiles (Fig. 2). PCA is a mathematical approach for cluster separation as well as outlier checking. It is typically applied when the measurements have a number of observed variables (i.e., m/z from the mass spectra) and the investigators cannot distinguish the differences among observations (i.e., bacterial samples). In this study, we have used PCA to generate a graphical representation of the similarities and differences between species or serovars that are contained in the blank-subtracted mass spectral data. The first three principal components (PCs) accounted for 66.08% of the variance from all the variables (m/z values). Figure 2 shows a clear separation between the mass spectra of volatiles produced by P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, and S. Typhimurium. Furthermore, in order to examine the discrimination ability of SESI-MS in regard to identifying two groups within the same species, we tested two Salmonella enterica serovars, S. Typhimurium and S. Pullorum (see Fig. S1 in the supplemental material). The results obtained after PCA show that not only are these two serovars clearly separated based on their VOC data but they are also separated from the other three species that were tested (Fig. 2).
As we argue that SESI-MS has great potential for clinical application, it must be noted that different bacterial growth conditions, for example, medium and oxygen levels, could result in the production of different volatile species as well as different quantities of characterized VOCs. To establish the influence of growth medium on the ability to identify bacteria by their VOC profile, P. aeruginosa was cultured aerobically in a variety of rich media: TSB, LB-Lennox, and synthetic cystic fibrosis medium (SCFM) as well as the defined medium MOPS, containing glucose and succinate as carbon sources. These media represent two standard laboratory media (TSB and LB), one medium that is modeled after a host environment (SCFM, modeled after the CF lung environment) (24), and one medium that is used to directly study pathogen nutrient utilization in clinical samples (MOPS) (23, 25). After 24 h of growth at 37°C, the SESI-MS spectra were collected and, using PCA, were compared to each other and to the spectra of the other four bacterial groups grown in TSB (Fig. 2). The spectra of P. aeruginosa grown in all four media cluster together at the center of the PCA plot and do not overlap with any of the other four bacterial groups grown in TSB. These data demonstrate that SESI-MS could be used to accurately identify a species grown aerobically on different substrates. The effect of oxygen tension on bacterial volatiles and their SESI-MS spectra will be addressed in future experiments.
As infections are frequently polymicrobial in nature, there is increasing interest in developing methods for rapid detection and characterization of a more complicated mixed-culture situation. In a first pass at addressing this important issue, we made a simple mixed-culture system of different proportions of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa (3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 [vol/vol]) to demonstrate the utility of SESI-MS in differentiating the production of volatiles from multiple bacterial groups. The SESI-MS data show that as the proportion of S. aureus decreased in mixed culture, the VOC profile transferred from S. aureus-like to P. aeruginosa-like in a linear fashion (Fig. 3). For example, an m/z of 109 and an m/z of 118, which are present in much higher proportions in P. aeruginosa spectra than in S. aureus spectra, decreased in absolute intensity with a proportional increase in S. aureus (R2 = 0.95 and 0.97, respectively) (see Fig. S2 in the supplemental material). Likewise, an m/z of 59, which is present in higher proportions in S. aureus headspace spectra, increased with increasing proportions of S. aureus (R2 = 0.94) (Fig. S2).
The linear relationship of the SESI-MS peaks to the proportion of each species in the mixed culture demonstrates that the VOCs of the mixture are within the linear range of the detector and that the quantitation of individual VOC signals is not being influenced by a more complex volatile mixture. These two factors indicate that a SESI-MS spectrum of a mixed culture of unknown proportions can be used to determine the relative amount of each species or serovar. To demonstrate this, we generated predicted spectra of the mixed S. aureus and P. aeruginosa cultures by scaling the SESI-MS spectra of the two monocultures to match the proportions of the cultures used in the experiment (3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 S. aureus to P. aeruginosa or 75%, 50%, and 25% S. aureus) (Fig. 3). The predicted spectra match the measured spectra, indicating that the SESI-MS spectra of a mixed culture contain information about the proportions of the species in the mixture. We also applied PCA to the data for the mixed cultures in the context of the four genera of bacteria that we have tested (Fig. 4). The mixed cultures are distributed between the two monocultures of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, are ordered by their volume proportions, and do not overlap with the spectra obtained for E. coli and S. Typhimurium. Together, these data can be taken as a good example that an unknown mixture of bacteria could be identified in species or serovar and proportion by the SESI-MS spectra of their VOCs. These results are the first indication that bacterial volatiles may be detectable and quantifiable among the natural volatiles of human clinical samples, such as breath or urine.
The data from our SESI-MS analysis of the headspace volatiles produced by P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, S. Typhimurium, and S. Pullorum demonstrate that SESI-MS, combined with a statistical analysis method, has great potential for bacterial identification in vitro. Using SESI-MS, we are able to discriminate genera, species or serovar, and mixed cultures, and it is a robust technique that is capable of making these differentiations when the bacteria are grown in different nutritive environments. It is also notable that the mass spectrometer scan of VOCs from each bacterial culture headspace was completed within 60 s, without any sample preparation, emphasizing the potential utility of this method for rapid detection of bacterial infection in a clinical setting. We will continue to explore bacterial headspace VOCs in vitro under a variety of growth conditions, developing this technique into a clinical diagnostic tool for detecting bacterial infections in vivo.
This study was supported by NIH grant P20 RR021905-01.
We thank Juan Fernández de la Mora at Yale University, Pablo Martínez-Lozano at the National Research Council—Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Italy, and Sergio Castro at Cornell University for their invaluable advice. We thank Caroline McManus at the University of Vermont for her early assistance in this work. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable critiques.
- Received 25 February 2010.
- Returned for modification 9 September 2010.
- Accepted 11 October 2010.
↵▿ Published ahead of print on 20 October 2010.
↵† Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jcm.asm.org/.
- American Society for Microbiology


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Website Resources for Expats Living in London
Expats Living in London
There are a number of things we are able to supply you with that can help to ease your transition abroad here in London. We've included some of these websites which offer expatriates a sense of community as you enter your new London lifestyle. We find that the following websites offer expatriates the opportunity to not only get settled, but to possibly meet some other expatriates who share in your culture.

subset: commoncrawl


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Sugar free doesn't have to mean taste free! Especially when you check out our incredible range of sugar free chocolates and unbelievable sugar-free gourmet gifts right here at Shari's Berries.
Looking for the perfect sugar-free sweet pick-me-up? On the hunt for the ultimate chocolate gift for that special friend or loved one who can't eat sugar? Lucky for you, help is at hand. Sugar-free doesn't mean taste free. Not when you're shopping our incredible selection of delicious sugar-free cho sugar-free chocolates and sugar-free gourmet gifts. Discover our huge variety of sugar-free gifts like large specialty gift boxes of sugar-free chocolates and incredible Valentine Oreos, as well as extravagant Valentine's gift basket filled with a delightful range of sugar-free candies and savory nuts. No matter the occasion or celebration, you're sure to find an unbeatable sugar-free gourmet treat to suit.
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Staff writer
For those interested in history, Marion County has several interesting sites that will fascinate and teach about times past.
Marion County Museum
The Marion County Museum is housed in the former Baptist Church building built in 1887. It overlooks Central Park and features the history and genealogy of the county.
Curator Cynthia Blount said those who visit the museum will see several firsts including the first piano in Marion County, and a jacket worn by the first baby born in Marion County.
Also on display are several 19th century dresses, toys, wooden washing machines, tools, books, the first telephone switchboard, and lots of photographs.
"It gives the history of the town and the surrounding areas," Blount said. "It's nice place to visit and see how things were. For people who like little museums this is the first place to come."
The museum is open Tuesday through Saturday from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. and Sunday noon to 2 p.m. May through October. For more information call, (620) 382-9134.
Peabody museums
The Peabody Museum Complex consists of three buildings at the corner of Division St. and Walnut St. near downtown Peabody.
The original museum was the first free library in Kansas, built in 1875 as a gift of appreciation from Santa Fe Railroad Co. director F.H. Peabody, for whom the town was named.
The museum houses early photographs, memorabilia, and historic items from the community.
It is open by appointment.
In the late 1980s, the Peabody Historical Society took possession of the Italianate style home of W.H. Morgan, editor of the Peabody Gazette-Bulletin for many years. It stands south of the Carnegie Library on Walnut St.
The home was renovated and decorated in the style of the period. The original barn that housed the Morgans' livery and horses still stands behind the house and an ADA accessible outhouse was built in the backyard.
The Morgan House also is open by appointment for tours, Meals with the Morgans, and other group or club events.
In 1995, the historical society took possession of the building south of the Morgan house and established a printing museum. Former Peabody Gazette-Bulletin editor Bill Krause and a friend, Bill Jackson, accepted and repaired dozens of pieces of antiquated printing equipment from former newspaper offices across the state.
Before the job was done, Jackson died and Krause's health prevented him from continuing to work on the printing museum.
About two years ago, a former resident and 1957 graduate of Peabody High School arranged to rent a home in Peabody and visit the community often enough to get the museum in order and have the machines running. He had worked at the paper office as a youngster and had an interest in trying his hand at it again.
The Peabody Print Museum will be in operation for a brief time this summer when an art instructor from Montana State University comes to Peabody to print a genealogy paper on one of the antique presses. Peabody Historical Society hopes to print a commemorative newspaper later in the year.
Peabody Print Museum is open by appointment.
To make an appointment to see any of the buildings in the museum complex, contact Marilyn Jones at (620) 983-2185.
Hillsboro museums
Hillsboro has three stops for those taking a museum tour throughout the county.
At the Mennonite Settlement Museum at 501 S. Ash St., guests can tour the Peter Paul Loewen house, a typical Russian Mennonite clay brick house that has been restored and refurbished with Mennonite artifacts. Tours are $5 for adults and $3 for children by appointment only.
The Schaeffler house stands at the corner of Grand Ave. and Jefferson St., and was constructed by immigrants from Germany in 1909. It's filled with Victorian-era artifacts. Tours are $5 for adults and $3 for children by appointment only.
Currently under construction is the Friesen Dutch Windmill at 501 S. Ash St.
The windmill is a replica of one built in 1976 in Gnadenau, several miles south of Hillsboro. The current windmill was built in 1994.
It is currently closed to the public while undergoing construction.
For tours of any of these museums call city hall at (620) 947-3162.
Harvey House
The Harvey House located at 221 Marion St., Florence, features many historical items relating to Florence.
Fred Harvey bought the building in 1877 for $5,370 and opened a restaurant in the hotel the following year. It was the second in a chain of restaurants he would open during his lifetime.
While pieces of the building have been relocated throughout the years, residents can still enjoy dinner served by uniformed "Harvey Girls."
"It's the first hotel Harvey ever had that's the biggest draw for anyone who knows who he is," Judy Mills president of museum board said. "He then went on to have fabulous hotels and restaurants across the county, but this was his first hotel and restaurant combined."
The museum is open by appointment. Call (620) 878-4296 to schedule an appointment.
Goessel Mennonite Heritage and Agricultural Museum
Eight buildings make up the Goessel Mennonite Heritage and Agricultural Museum, where guests can see how Mennonites settled the area and lived during the 19th century.
Open from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Tuesday through Saturday guests can tour a large collection of antique farm machinery from horse drawn equipment to 1940s tractors, to a one-room school house.
Museum director Marjorie Schoemaker said there is a little for everyone to enjoy.
"The museum tells the story of the Mennonites who settled here in 1874," she said. "We have a replica of an immigrants' house, barn, church, Victorian house, bank, school house, and preparatory school."
One home on the site is thought to be one of the first homes built by Mennonite settlers.
"Some things are hands on," she said. "We have a merry-go-round and a chalk board people can write on."
The museum is closed December through February except by appointment. Cost is $2 children ages 7 through 12, $4 ages 13 through 61, and $3.50 for seniors.


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Daniel Day-Lewis, the son of an English poet laureate and a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company, just won his third Academy Award, this one for a stunning performance as Abraham Lincoln. I didn't think twice about a Brit playing our most American of presidents because Mr. Day-Lewis had already been our last Mohican, led our gangs of New York and drained our California oil fields.
But when Ulysses S. Grant appeared in "Lincoln," alarm bells went off: That actor, Jared Harris, played Lane Price, the persnickety...


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I wrote some software in matlab to do automagic horizon detection and straighten the video about a year ago. It worked ok, not perfect but definitely has potential, The algorithm was something that was made for micro uav flight stablization when they only have a camera and no imu onboard:
obviously the big problem was when the horizon was not in the field of view. sometimes the algorithm could lock into the whitewater/dark water transition and use that.
I was hoping for something less painful than keyframe rotation in commercial video editing software. writing the software was a bit painful, but running it was easy. still needs some more work to be more robust.
here is an example in waves so lots of kite rotation:
with twin riding and a more stable kite position it is easier..
now tiny imu/ahrs loggers are readily available, and I happen to have a few on my desk for some projects at work so maybe I will attach one to my camera next time i try this .


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1x8 SDI Splitter - Broadcast Quality
1x8 SDI Splitter
This 1x8 SDI Splitter sends a single SDI video signal data to up to 8 - SDI devices at the same time. There is no signal loss in the switching process. It supports almost all video formats and is SMPTE compliant. It can also achieve up to 1080p @ 60Hz for Full HD output performance. The 1x8 SDI Splitter only supports video and does not support audio.
1x8 SDI Splitter Features
- SDI inputs: One (1)
- SDI outputs: Eight (8)
- Features equalizer circuitry on the inputs and outputs, allowing it to support long cable runs
Support for multiple standard and high definition video resolutions:
- SD 525i and 625i
- HD 720p @ 24, 25, 30, 50, and 60 Hz
- HD 1080i @ 50, 60 Hz
- HD 1080p @ 24, 25, and Hz
- 3G 1080p @ 50, 60 Hz
Support for multiple color spaces:
- RGB or YCbCr 4:4:4 sampled
- YCbCr 4:2:2 sampled
- Supports data rates: 270Mbps~2.97Gbps
- Supports 8-bit, 10-bit, and 12-bit Deep Color
- Compatible with the HDcctv 1.0, HD-SDI (ST 292), 3G-SDI (ST 424), and SD-SDI (ST 259) standards
- Supports SD-SDI (270Mbps), HD-SDI (1.485Gbps) & 3G-SDI (2.97Gbps)
- Full HD video format
- Built-in Cable Equalizer, Re-clocker & Cable Driver
- Max. cable length using Belden 1694A:
- SD-SDI (480i): up to 656 ft or 200M
- HD-SDI (720p @ 60Hz): up to 400 ft or 120M
- 3G-SDI (1080p @ 60Hz: up to 262 ft or 80M
- Excellent SDI signal jitter suppression
- Power supply indicator
- Amplitude: Within 800mV 3% (<10%)
- Rise overshoot: Less than 2% (<10%)
- Fall overshoot: Less than 2% (<10%)
- Long time jitter: 0.195 UI (<1.0 UI)
Why not buy this 1x8 SDI Splitter today?
1x8 SDI Splitter Specs:
- Input Interface: 1x BNC SDI, HD-SDI, 3G-SDI
- Input Signal Type: SD-SDI (270Mbps), HD-SDI (1.485Gbps), 3G-SDI
- Supported Input Format: SD-SDI: 480i and 576i HD-SDI: 720p24/25/30/50/59.94/60 all frame rate; 1080i all frame rate 1035i all frame
- Video Standards: SMPTE 424M, SMPTE 292M and SMPTE 259M
- SDI Signal Range: 0.8V
- SDI Impedance: 75 ohms
- SDI Coupling Type: AC
- SDI Output Interface: 8 - BNC SD-SDI, HD-SDI, 3G-SDI
- Re-clocking Auto Support: 270Mbps/1.485Gbps/2.97Gbps
Why not buy this 1x8 SDI Splitter today?
|SDI Balun
Price: $70.00Today's price: $63.00
(You Save: 10%)
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Price: $345.00Today's price: $149.95
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|HD-SDI to HDMI Adapter w/SDI Loop Out & 7.1 Audio
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Price: $399.95Today's price: $159.95
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|Belden 1694A SDI Cable w/BNC Connectors - 11 Lengths to 200'
In professional application systems, this 1X8 SDI splitter allows several digital display terminals to show the same SDI video. It is widely applies for applications like surveillance, broadcast TV station, TV media, video conferences, electronic teaching, wired network areas, etc.
Why not buy this 1x4 SDI Splitter today?
|WolfPack 1x8 SDI Distribution Amp with OFF/ON Switch - 5 Year Warranty
Price: $174.95Today's price: $124.95
(You Save: 29%)
Make Offer
HDTV Supply includes a 1 Year Limited U.S. Warranty on this 1x8 SDI Splitter. The U.S. warranty states that (a) its products will perform substantially in accordance with the accompanying written materials for a period of 1 year from the date of receipt & (b) that the Product will be free from defects in materials & workmanship under normal use & service for a period of 1 year. In order to get a warranty replacement for a defective item, HDTV Supplys Support Team will verify the product is eligible for warranty. An RMA number will then be issued. Shipped replacements will be in like new conditions, tested & all components included. A 30-day RETURN also comes with this warranty as well as Free Lifetime Tech Support.
HDTV Supply also sells a 3 and 5 Year Extended U.S. Warranty for this 1x8 SDI Splitter. Please go to Extended Warranties or see the above Options to purchase it.
Why not buy this 1x4 SDI Splitter today?
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-This kit includes a total of 3 6ft version 1.4 HDMI Cables.
-Included as well is a Multi Purpose Cleaner (150ml cleaning fluid and micro-fiber cleaning cloth. Cleans any type of screen, HDTV, LCD TV, or monitor)
HDMI 1.4v Key Features:
HDMI 1.4 increases the maximum resolution to 4K ? 2K (3840?2160p at 24 Hz/25 Hz/30 Hz and 4096?2160p at 24 Hz, which is a resolution used with digital theaters.
HDMI 1.4 adds two additional mandatory 3D formats for broadcast content which was deferred with HDMI 1.4 in order to see the direction of the 3D broadcast market. HDMI 1.4 has defined mandatory 3D formats for broadcast, game, and movie content.
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As the Texas Legislature continues to debate regulating payday loans, the federal Consumer Finance Protection Bureau issued initial data findings that may become the underpinning of federal regulations.
The bottom line:
The CFPB recognizes that demand exists for small dollar credit products. These types of credit products can be helpful for consumers if they are structured to facilitate successful repayment without the need to repeatedly borrow at a high cost. However, if the cost and structure of a particular loan make it difficult for the consumer to repay, this type of product may further impair the consumer's finances. A primary focus is on what we term "sustained use"—the long-term use of a short-term high-cost product evidenced by a pattern of repeatedly rolling over or consistently re-borrowing, resulting in the consumer incurring a high level of accumulated fees…
We find that a sizable share of payday loan and deposit advance users conduct transactions on a long-term basis, suggesting that they are unable to fully repay the loan and pay other expenses without taking out a new loan shortly thereafter. Two-thirds of payday borrowers in our sample had 7 or more loans in a year. Most of the transactions conducted by consumers with 7 or more loans were taken within 14 days of a previous loan being paid back—frequently, the same day as a previous loan was repaid. Similarly, over half of deposit advance users in our sample took out advances totaling over $3,000. This group of deposit advance users tended to be indebted for over 40% of the year, with a median break between advance balance episodes of 12 days or less.
Startling claim that emerged in Monday's Texas Senate debate: there are more payday loan storefronts in Texas than What-a-burger or McDonald's franchises. The Senate passed tough new regulations, but the bill faces rough sledding in the Texas House, given the political muscle of the payday loan industry.


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Industries › Ports/Trade
APM Terminals submits proposal to lease Port of Virginia facilities
- May 23, 2012
- |
The Port of Virginia has again received an unsolicited bid to privatize port operations.
APM Terminals has proposed operating most of the marine and in-land terminals owned and leased by the Port of Virginia under a 48-year agreement.
Under the proposal, valued at between $3.2 billion and $3.9 billion, APM Terminals would operate Norfolk International Terminals, Newport News Marine Terminal, Portsmouth Marine Terminal, the Virginia Inland Port in Front Royal and the APM Terminals marine terminal in Portsmouth — which is currently being operated by the Port of Virginia under a 20-year lease agreement.
The proposal comes less than two years after APM Terminals and the Port of Virginia reached an agreement for the Virginia Port Authority to lease APM's $540 million marine terminal in Portsmouth, which is the most technologically advanced terminal in the Americas.
Under APM Terminals' proposal, the ownership of APM Terminals' Portsmouth terminal would transfer to the commonwealth.
The commonwealth would receive upfront concession payments and monthly payments based on operating revenues. APM Terminals would be responsible for capital improvements at the marine terminals, including the second phase of its Portsmouth Terminal.
The proposal states APM Terminals would also be interested in discussing lease of the Port of Richmond, which is currently under a five-year lease agreement with the City of Richmond.
The proposal was submitted under Virginia's Public-Private Transportation Act. In response, the commonwealth has issued a Request for Alternative Proposals, allowing private entities to submit alternative proposals through July 12.
"Our proposal provides for world-class port operations and the lowest cost, best long-term solution for the commonwealth's goal to make Hampton Roads the premier port facility in the future," Eric Sisco, APM Terminals Americas Region President, said in a statement.
Virginia Port Authority officials said Wednesday that port operations will continue as normal while the state evaluates the proposal and any alternative proposals.
"No other port on the East Coast is garnering this kind of attention from arguably the world's leading terminal operator," Mike Quillen, chairman of the authority's board of commissioners, said in a statement. "When APMT decided 11 years ago to build its terminal here it sent a message to the rest of the world about the Port of Virginia…We have supreme confidence in [Virginia International Terminals], but we have an obligation to evaluation all options."
Virginia previously received an unsolicited bid to privatize port operations from CenterPoint Properties Trust in 2009. The state received two additional proposals, one from Washington, D.C.-based private equity giant The Carlyle and another from a partnership between Goldman Sachs and Carrix Inc. The state decided to drop the bids for two primary reasons: they were submitted during an economic downturn and because of the port's 20-year lease of APM Terminals.


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Southern Stewed ChickenThis is another form of what we refer to in the south as smothered chicken, beginning with the searing of cut up chicken, then a roux based gravy is prepared, to which the chicken is returned and slow simmered. It's somewhat similar to Chicken Fricassee, a smothered chicken and gravy dish, except that the chicken is not floured before frying. It's a simple southern dish created with layers of flavor and that's one reason that it's so good!
If you've arrived here from a Google search for Chicken Stew, this is a bit different from what I'm guessing that you were looking for. I have two versions of chicken stew to offer to you. One is a super easy, fast to the table, shortcut version using cream soups to speed things up, and the other is the longer, homemade, stewed version made from stewing down a whole chicken. Both are delicious!
For more of my favorite chicken recipes, check out my page on Pinterest!
If you make this or any of my recipes, I'd love to see your results! Just snap a photo and hashtag it #DeepSouthDish on social media or tag me @deepsouthdish on Instagram!
Recipe: Southern Stewed Chicken©From the Kitchen of Deep South Dish
Prep time: 15 min
Cook time: 1 hour 30 min
Total time: 1 hour 45 minYield: About 4 to 6 servings
- 3 pounds whole cut up chicken or raw turkey wings
- Salt, pepper and Cajun seasoning, to taste
- Up to 1/2 cup of cooking oil
- 1/2 cup of all purpose flour
- 1-1/2 cups of chopped onion
- 1/2 cup of chopped bell pepper
- 1/4 cup of chopped celery
- 2 quarts of water, chicken stock or broth, heated
- 1 tablespoon of minced garlic
- Couple dashes of hot sauce
- 2 tablespoons of cornstarch
- Perfect boiled rice or mashed potatoes
Heat oil over medium high heat in a cast iron or heavy bottomed Dutch oven. Season chicken on both sides with the salt, pepper and Cajun seasoning. Cooking in batches, brown the chicken on all sides; remove and set aside. Add oil to the pan drippings, if needed, to equal 1/2 cup total and heat over medium high heat, slowly whisking in the flour a little at a time. Cook until flour is incorporated and no lumps remain. Cook, stirring regularly, for 4 minutes.
Add the onion, bell pepper and celery and cook for 3 minutes, then begin adding in warmed water or broth, a cup at a time, constantly whisking it in until well incorporated and blended in. Bring to a boil, reduce heat to low simmer, return the chicken to the pot and simmer uncovered for 1 hour. Add the chopped garlic and hot sauce and let cook another 30 minutes. Taste for seasonings and add additional salt, pepper and Cajun seasoning as needed.
To thicken the drippings for a gravy, skim excess fat from the top of the drippings and discard. Prepare a slurry of 2 tablespoons of cornstarch and just enough water to dissolve. Remove the chicken from the pot and set aside. Bring drippings up to a boil, slowly stirring in the slurry. Boil, stirring constantly until mixture is thickened to desired consistency.
Serve over hot rice or mashed potatoes, with a non-starchy green vegetable such as broccoli, a salad, green beans or Brussels sprouts.
For the Slow Cooker: Prep as above and transfer everything to slow cooker. Cover and cook on high 2 to 3 hours or until chicken is tender.
For the Instant Pot: Remove skin from most of a 4 to 6 pounds cut up chicken. Prepare as above by seasoning and then browning chicken in batches using about 1 tablespoon oil per batch. You may need to reset saute function on pot. Remove chicken and set aside, add veggies and saute for 3 minutes. Do not make gravy portion, but deglaze pot with portion of a 1 quart box of regular chicken stock (Kitchen Basics recommended), scraping up browned bits from bottom of pot. Add remaining stock, seal pot, cancel saute and set manually for 12 minutes. Let pressure release naturally for 10 minutes, then release any remaining pressure. Set pot to saute, carefully remove chicken and set aside. Mix 1/4 cup cornstarch with just enough water to dissolve. Stir into boiling drippings and let cook about 2 minutes, or until thickened to desired consistency. Cancel saute, set to warm and return chicken to pot just long enough to warm through. Serve over rice or mashed potatoes.
Creole Style Stewed Chicken: Prepare as above except for the water, add 4 pounds garden fresh, prepared tomatoes, peeled, cored, hand crushed and juices retained (about 6 cups) or equivalent amount, about 2 (28 ounce) cans of canned, diced tomatoes or whole tomatoes hand crushed, topping off with additional water or chicken broth to cover chicken once returned to the pan.
Source: http://www.deepsouthdish.com
Requires Adobe Reader - download it free!©Deep South Dish
☛ Are you on Facebook? If you haven't already, come and join the party! We have a lot of fun & there's always room for one more at the table.
Old Fashioned Chicken Pot Pie
Chicken and Dumpling Bake
Old Fashioned Chicken Noodle Casserole


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Chief Executive's overview
The Press enjoyed a strong financial performance in 2017–18, giving us greater resources and flexibility to invest in the people and technologies that are positioning us to prosper in a fast-evolving digital world.
A solid financial base underpins our ability to fulfil our central purpose – to advance learning, knowledge and research worldwide – and to meet the changing needs of our customers in academia and education with products that meet the highest standards of excellence.
Our growth in sales and profits came despite the strengthening of sterling against a number of currencies during the year. It was helped by strong control of costs – a tribute to the restructuring work undertaken by the Press over the past few years, which has left us nimbler in responding to changing markets.
Our Academic group had a particularly good year in the North American market, and a very positive year for book sales worldwide. The Cambridge English Language Teaching group recorded strong results in Italy, Turkey, India and Mexico, while Education saw notably fast growth in India and Pakistan.
Our sales of purely digital products, along with those blended with more traditional textbooks, continued to grow very rapidly and by the end of the financial year accounted for close to 40 per cent of sales, up from 15 per cent five years ago.
Digital solutions are now a normal part of all we do, offering students and teachers all the advantages of interactivity and instant feedback, and researchers and librarians many benefits from instant discovery, effective means to sharing evidence and insights, as well as new means to assess value and impact for all our customers. However, physical sales remain robust and our fastest growth remains in products that blend digital and print. The digital and physical worlds are closely linked and our aim is to provide whatever combination best meets the needs of our customers – be they researchers, librarians, teachers or students.
As ever, the most important single ingredient of our success has been our unrelenting focus on excellence, measured in academic, pedagogical and publishing terms. The high quality of our academic output was underscored by our winning six categories in the Professional and Scholarly Excellence (PROSE) Awards, the most prestigious for our industry, which are presented by the Association of American Publishers.
Our focus on excellence was complemented during the year by a marked strengthening of our collaboration with other Cambridge departments. The sharing of knowledge and capabilities across the University creates products that help customers perform to their maximum potential, in turn reinforcing Cambridge's worldwide reputation for the highest academic and educational standards.
We have long had especially close links with Cambridge Assessment, the exams business of the University, and those ties grew even closer in 2017–18. This was the first full year of new governance arrangements under which the Vice-Chancellor took over as Chair of both Syndicates and a single new Press & Assessment Board was put in place to oversee the two organisations on behalf of the Syndicates.
We were also delighted to see Cambridge Assessment move into its newly constructed headquarters on Shaftesbury Road, across the road from our head office – a further demonstration of our partnership.
I would like to take this opportunity to pay tribute to Simon Lebus, who retired in April after 15 years as Chief Executive of Cambridge Assessment. During Simon's tenure, Cambridge Assessment's sales trebled, its international impact hugely strengthened and we laid the foundations of the burgeoning partnership between the Press and Assessment to serve Cambridge's school customers better than ever before.
I also want to extend my warm thanks to Michael Peluse, who is leaving us after seven years leading Cambridge English Language Teaching. Under his leadership, the business has grown by 50 per cent, it has been given clear strategic focus and its profitability and hence investment has been transformed.
During the year we saw strong growth in Cambridge Exams Publishing, our six-year-old joint unit with Cambridge Assessment English. In Education our shared A-level maths and computing products for the UK were very well received by teachers and students.
We also had very positive feedback about the educational impact of another jointly developed product, Cambridge English Empower, a course for adult learners of the English language, introduced three years ago. A two-year academic study into customer attitudes to Empower, released during the year, showed a high level of enthusiasm for the course among both students and teachers. Students showed particularly significant improvement in areas of weakness after taking Empower progress tests, while almost two-thirds of teachers said Empower's online activities were the reason that their students had studied more than usual.
There has been a rich new seam of collaboration with our academic University too. The Press's Academic group launched an online executive education course in partnership with the Judge Business School, attracting participants from across the globe, and worked closely with the University Library and the University administration on a wide range of issues, especially around developments in scholarly communications.
The year also saw important new initiatives by Cambridge Mathematics, a three-year-old collaboration between the Press, Assessment and Cambridge's Faculties of Mathematics and Education, dedicated to providing an internationally recognised, quality educational framework for mathematics. At a symposium in March its most recent thinking was given strong support by members of the international maths education community.
As we look to the future, the Press depends overwhelmingly on one thing – our people. To thrive in the digital age, with its constant change, we need to continue to attract and retain colleagues of the highest quality, complementing existing skills with new ones and ensuring we are agile and flexible enough to adapt to a very different world. Competition for such people is particularly high in the fast-growing and technologically orientated economy around Cambridge.
With this in mind, we have been investing heavily in the skills of our colleagues, especially in leadership and digital knowledge. The year saw 168 senior and middle managers from around the world take our latest leadership development programmes. The participants collectively manage the majority of our workforce worldwide, and have consistently said how much the training is already helping them.
As we grow as a global business, with some 50 offices around the world, we also need to ensure that we retain our common culture and values, emphasising the highest academic and ethical standards.
During the year we reviewed the ethical framework under which we operate, particularly in the area of publishing, examining areas such as plagiarism, censorship and the creation of different versions of products for markets with particular cultural sensitivities. There can be tensions for all academic and educational publishers between the wide availability of academic and teaching material in every country and national laws in many countries which restrict some types of content, and no publisher can force any customer to buy content they do not want. For the Press, as part of a world-leading university, we are clear that we will not compromise in the content of research which we publish and will uphold the principle of academic freedom in the way we distribute our material around the globe.
We also published details of our gender pay gap in the UK this year. Our median gap is 19 per cent, close to the UK median for all companies of 18.4 per cent.
We are making more use of sophisticated data analysis to give our communities better insights into their learning and research."
We are committed to the equal treatment of all our people and we are confident male and female colleagues are paid on equal terms for doing the same jobs across the Press. The pay gap exists because we have more male colleagues at senior management level than we do female colleagues, and we are working actively to reduce and eventually eliminate the gap through a variety of initiatives to encourage a higher proportion of women at senior levels and to attract a greater number of men into junior roles.
Community engagement and charitable action are important parts of our culture. Over the past few years we have been changing the balance of our activities to increase the engagement of colleagues, put our emphasis on charities in the field of education and to develop global charitable partnerships. During the year charitable activity by colleagues, together with donations from the Press, raised more than £57,500 for good causes. Volunteering activities were undertaken around the world by 248 colleagues, while the Press Board went back to school for a day, helping students at a Cambridge academy develop their business ideas.
During the year we continued to invest heavily in digital innovation. Author Hub, an online platform to support Academic book authors that was founded in 2013, was this year relaunched and expanded for current and prospective authors across all three of our publishing groups. The services it offers include guides on the publishing process, detailed sales and royalty information and author benefits.
Authors were involved in testing Author Hub throughout its development to ensure it serves their needs – another example of our commitment to strong customer input into our resources.
We consulted extensively with users before launching Cambridge Core, the platform that brought our academic books and journals together in a single online home. Over the past year Cambridge Core followed up its resounding launch success with strong growth in usage and further refinements.
In the world before digital content, the publishing industry often operated at several removes from customers, working via layers of distributors. The digital revolution has changed all that, and one of the keys to our future success will be how close we are to the communities we serve, and how well we understand their changing needs.
Going beyond simple digital formats and basic interactivity, we are making more use of sophisticated data analysis to give our communities better insights into their learning and research. While the maintenance of privacy around customers' data is paramount, we are employing machine learning in innovative ways to help learners and their teachers. One example is where we are deepening our partnership with English Language iTutoring, whose Write & Improve tool uses powerful machine learning technology.
New skills, technological capability and sophisticated products mean we must continue both to invest and deliver the returns to do that. In the financial year to 30 April 2018, the Press grew operating profits by 25 per cent to £17 million despite currency headwinds. Sales across all of our publishing activities grew and performance in the US was outstanding. Revenues of £316 million were 4 per cent higher than last year at constant exchange rates and we continued to deliver process and cost efficiencies and improve returns.
With a firm financial footing, dedicated people, our passion for the advancement of knowledge, and all the advantages of pan-Cambridge cooperation, I am confident that we have the ingredients to continue our progress in refashioning the Press for a rapidly changing world, while at the same time maintaining our commitment to excellence and passion for serving the teaching and learning communities of which we are a part.
Peter Phillips
Chief Executive


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Back - 2004 > Kia > Rio > Engine Mechanical > Cam Follower
2004 Kia Rio Cam FollowerReview Fitment Notes to Ensure Proper Fit
‹ Change Part / Category
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Cam Follower
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Part Number: W0133-1630052
Notes: Hydraulic Valve Adjuster When changing valve lifters, it is recommended that the lifters are allowed to "settle/seat" for a minimum of 30 minutes to allow excess oil to drain. If this recommendation is not followed, some valves will make contact with the piston, resulting in the valve to break at the collet groove. It is als o ideal if the engine is allowed to rest over night before starting the eng ine for the first time. If possible, the engine should be hand cranked or turned by hand the first time.
Condition: New
Shipping Options:
Ground, Overnight, 2 Day


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Bye bye bank fees, hello world.
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|Sign up! | Post a Journal | Ask a Question | Request a Lookup | Active | Newest | Unanswered | Assist | Locations
Join 203710 others who are connecting with their cousins and common researchers!
FamilyTreeCircles is easy and free.Join Us
My grandmother (father's side) was born in Lumberton, NC. Her mother was Lumbee Indian, last name Shaw (will post her full name once I receive the correct information). I know that she married Hobert (Hobart ?) Lewis.
I'm interested in finding relatives, talking to anyone that may have information regarding my great-grandmother & her... more...


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Follow RFF News on your cell phone. Text follow rff to 40404 you will receive txt messages with RFF News
0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
The earliest flight arrives at 7:40 AM.Art & JJ depart at 9:32 PM. They talk about the U-Turn again. Art & JJ ignore Davechel at the travel agency. Mark & Bopper say Art & JJ are babies. I agree!Brenchel depart at 11:55 PM. Brenchel are over the U-Turn.Vanessa & Ralph depart at 1:31 AM? Apparently the Green team is the baby team? Vanessa & Ralph find a flight that arrives at 6:05 AM!
Rachel is THRILLED with the sequins and glitter on the Bollywood outfits LOL
It's SO much fun watching Art & JJ struggle for once. It's so overdue!!
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Hawaiian High School Senior Goes 2,000 Days Without Missing School — How'd She Do It?
While many students invent illnesses in order to play hooky, 17-year-old Hawaiian teen Ciara Cetraro has the unique distinction of never missing a day of school in her entire academic career, dating back to kindergarten. She is hoping to graduate on May 19 with a perfect attendance record.
Cetraro, who attends Konawaena High School in Kailua-Kona, started out with a goal to have a flawless attendance record and it developed into a disciplined habit.
"I never did this for the recognition or awards. It's always been a personal choice and a hard habit to break," she said. The fear of "possibly missing something" fueled her desire to attend every single class. She continued, "I just wanted to try my best, learn as much as I can and continually improve myself."
She was pretty type A about maintaining her record, as well. It required diligent attention. She would ask teachers to correct roll calls that may have mistakenly marked her as tardy, since those could cumulatively add up to absences. She nixed senior ditch day and rescheduled vacations.
That determination runs in the family. Her older brother Nicholas graduated a year ago with the same perfect record and was valedictorian. So her perfect record glory is not singular.
Hawaii is plagued by chronic absenteeism, so for a student to attend more than 2,000 days of school without taking off for sickness, vacation or laziness is a "remarkable feat," according to Brian DeLima, the board of education vice chairman.


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Construction Equipment Guide has been a great source for buyers and sellers of new and used Doosan Wheel Loaders. Click on a used Doosan model below to only see machines of that specific model. Or, to simply browse through all of our machines you can click here to see all Doosan Wheel Loaders For Sale.
We list comprehensive specifications and comparisons for wheel loaders and all the major manufacturers of wheel loaders. Click here to go to and explore our wheel loaders comparison charts.


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The Best Beers We Tried at Philly Beer Week 2013
Highlights from beer festivals and cocktail celebrations.
Pennsylvanians have a long beer history to be proud of. D.G. Yuengling & Son, America's oldest brewery, still calls Pennsylvania their home, and today there are over 100 other breweries in the state. But the beer scene excels beyond the locals: California's famed Russian River Brewing Company started distributing here because of one tiny Belgian café. And several much-lauded breweries (such as Chicago's Half Acre) distribute here and no where else outside of their home town. There is something that seems to draw great beer to Philadelphia, and Philly Beer Week is a celebration of the city's great fortune.
This year's Beer Week featured the return of annual favorites like the Opening Tap, Lost Abbey's Sour Hour, Memphis Tap Room's No Repeat Beer Week, and the Throwdown in Franklintown. But it was also an opportunity to check out new events and new breweries including local rising stars Round Guys Brewing Co., St. Louis' Perennial Artisan Ales, and Maryland's Evolution Craft Brewing Co.
We hit the pavement (and 90-degree heat) to see if the City of Brotherly Love does beer as well as they do cheesesteaks and parking tickets. The answer: most definitely. Check out our favorite sips from Philly Beer Week in the slideshow above »
This post may contain links to Amazon or other partners; your purchases via these links can benefit Serious Eats. Read more about our affiliate linking policy.


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Brett McFall necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 82 diseños de 28 diseñadores freelance.
I require a logo for my brand new one-on-one coaching service.
Through a group coaching program I teach students how to set up an internet business from scratch. Some students would rather pay someone else to do some of the technical parts for them and others are wanting one-on-one coaching. So I've decided to provide these two services and want logos to represent each one.
This brief is for the logo for the coaching service however the winning designer may also be commissioned to design the second logo to ensure they are similar enough to still relate to each other.
Students are aged between 16 and 80, from all walks of life and all nationalities. They all have a similar goal in that they want to build a better life for themselves and are keen to run online businesses as a way to give themselves more freedom and control over their lives. They are all eager to learn.
I'm looking for something fresh and modern, with simple modern fonts. It needs to represent a high quality service.
The required text on the logo is:
Coach Me
Colours are green and purple.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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5058 Shoreview Drive
Coloma, Michigan 49038
Listing information updated 7/5/2019 at 5:02pm
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The third time was definitely the charm for Coloma, the city in Southwest Michigan that is home to a majority of the area's vineyards. The city was named twice before ultimately settling on Coloma, named after a California gold rush…Learn More
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Learning Index >> Pioneers and their practice: a reference guide
Anne Hechle was born in India of English parents; the family returned to England in 1945. At the age of 13 she began learning calligraphy at school, and went on to take a general art course at Reigate School of Art, Surrey. She attended the Central School of Arts and Crafts in London from 1958 to1960, studying calligraphy chiefly under Irene Wellington* as well as with Dorothy Mahoney*, Ann Camp, William Gardener and M.C. Oliver*. At the Central School she began to explore the meanings of words and the inclusion of images and symbols in her text which led to her mature creative work.
In 1960 she embarked on a freelance career in London, encompassing commissions (public and private), exhibitions, workshop teaching and lecturing. From 1975 to 1990 she was based in Bath, after which she moved to near Frome in Somerset, where she is currently based. She also travels widely. Anne Hechle's major commissions include those in the Roman Baths Museum (a mural,1977), the Victoria and Albert Museum (a sampler,1979), and the Edward Johnston Foundation, Ditchling (a journal on sacred geometry, 1999). She co-wrote a monograph on Irene Wellington entitled More than fine writing, published in 1986.
*Denotes included in the Crafts Study Centre Collection.


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Welcome Keyblade Wielders` to the Kingdom Keyblade Library!
Kingdom Keyblade Library - A world unaccessable by time and Gummiships (
a little humor there). The library with the keyblader secrets. All you have to do is unlock the Keyhole!~
"A book is a mountain of knowledge."
~Archimedes, Merlin's owl from The Sword in the Stone
This is the place to do research and learn more about the keybladers; new apprentices, masters and former keyblade wielders. This will help you understand what it really means to be a keyblader and maybe to become a keyblade master! Let's start training~
This fan world contains both canon (real) facts and fanon (fan) facts.
Want to Join
Studing Exam
Training Exam
Mark of Mastery Exam
Meet the Masters and Students
Meet Leaders and Apprentices
There is a Trivia you can read for fun, it has some Quotes from the English, Japanese and French versions the game series. You can meet the Other Keyblade Weilders and Other Organization XIII Members list. These are the Basics or concept Rules of this world.
To join the Organization XIII part of the Library world go here: Enter the Organization XIII
FanFiction; Always check back to see if there are any new updates, changes or additions to this epic story line.
Those who have become Masters of the Keyblade are allowed to post anywhere in this world and can train the apprentices by helping them earn their way to becoming Keyblade Masters (a.k.a. Masters of the Keyblade).
A special reward will be made for all apprentices and masters; a wayfinder charm (e.g. - it is a keychain or a goodluck charm or a promise charm that is to help you remember your bond with your friends and to help the friendship's bond to grow stronger. Also, it creates a D-Link depending on the charm type).
This is the place of research and learn more about the Organization XIII members; new members, leaders and former selves. This will help you understand what it means to be an Unknown and maybe to become a Leader of the Organization! Let's start training~
Those who have become Leaders of the Organization XIII are allowed to post anywhere in this world and can train the Organization XIII apprentices by helping them earn their way to becoming a Organization XIII Lead Member to train other Members. A special reward will be made for all apprentices and Leaders; a nobody charm (e.g. - it looks like Roxas's symbol with a checkered chain of any color.)
What is this Keybalde?
What is the Mark of Mastery?
What is a Keyblade Inheritance Ceremony?
What is Deep Dive/Another Side, Another Story? -Warning Ending Spoiler-
What is The World That Never Was?
What is Organization XIII?


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The role of education in technical-assistance programs
Institute of Inter-American Affairs, 1952 - Vocational education - 6 pages
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Jonathan Proud - Conservation & Environment, African Bushveld Conservation in South Africa
When I was working, I'd only ever had a chance to take two weeks holiday at a time, so when I retired the first thing I wanted to do was take a longer break. I chose to spend a month conservation volunteering in Botswana.
After a night on the plane to Johannesburg and a short flight North to Polokwane, I was met by the Projects Abroad staff from the Conservation project. My flight was an hour late and the border with Botswana closed at six, so we had a mad rush to reach it in time. After the border we went at a more leisurely pace and arrived at the bush-camp just as it was getting dark.
I soon met Gerrit, the third staff member, known as the 'Crocodile Dundee' of South Africa, for his extraordinary knowledge of the bush and particularly its snakes. That first night, dinner was cooked by a French volunteer who was a brilliant cook. We took turns preparing the food, but there was always help at hand for less able cooks such as myself. I'd arrived on Saturday night, which was party time, but I wasn't in the mood after my journey and had an early night, wondering what I'd let myself in for.
Next morning things looked very different. From camp there was a view down to the river, where a group of impala were grazing on the river bank. Later, some bushbuck appeared and there were vervet monkeys in the trees. I began to appreciate what a superb location I was staying in. I had a leisurely morning exploring the camp and in the afternoon we went on a drive along the river bank. We saw hippos and crocodiles in the river, kudu, steenbok and zebras in the bush, and a great variety of birdlife.
The next day we started with a research drive in the morning, had a long break in the middle of the day and went to work on a hide in the afternoon. This was to be the pattern for the next month, though the activities varied and no two days were the same. On research drives we recorded on a survey form the time, species, quantity and GPS location of every animal we saw. There would be pairs of little steenbok by the roadside, groups of impala, kudu and sometimes eland, the biggest antelope of all. Zebra would be hard to spot, usually deep in the bush and running away. Sometimes we'd see herds of elephants crossing the road and if we were really lucky, a spotted hyena or even a leopard! Once we had the GPS location and the survey form was completed, we were free to take photographs, so these drives were wonderful opportunities for the keen photographers among us to get some good shots.
I was lucky enough to see a leopard on the first research drive. We were nearing the end of the drive and reached a junction in the road. Ahead of us was a kopje (rocky outcrop). At the top was a tree with a large rock underneath and sitting on the rock was a magnificent leopard. I was amazed that it just sat there and watched us taking photos. After ten minutes it jumped down from its rock and disappeared behind the tree. We drove around to the other side of the kopje and watched it for another 15 minutes before it finally disappeared into the bush. A few days later, we came across the same leopard brilliantly camouflaged in the dry grass. I'm sure I would never have seen it had it not been for another volunteer's sharp eyesight.
The main construction project ongoing at the time was a hide to watch elephants from. The reserve was originally a farm and is dotted with cattle troughs, each one fed from a reservoir tank. Our hide was overlooking one of these troughs. Once we got the water pump fixed and the reservoir tank filled up, elephants would arrive. The bigger ones drank straight from the reservoir tank, while little elephants and other wildlife drank from the cattle trough. This was the dry season and it was a long way from the river. When I arrived, the ground floor of the hide was almost complete. First of all we lined it with black netting as camouflage and put a protective fence up around it, to keep the elephants clear. Over the next few weeks we added an upper floor, constructing the walls from mopane tree trunks we had cut from the surrounding bush. Watching the wildlife from this hide will be a regular activity for future volunteers and as the animals only turn up if water is provided, they will benefit too.
Another of our activities was fence line removal. The area had originally been criss-crossed with fences to restrict cattle, but much of this has been 'dropped' to allow free movement for wildlife, although the fence wire was left where it fell. Animals get caught up in it and sometimes elephants will drag it into the road where it can snag on vehicles. Our task was to coil it up and remove it. This was surprisingly hard work, as the wire would get entangled in thorn bushes, some of it was barbed and on hot days moisture bees would come out, getting into eyes and ears in their search for water.
It wasn't all hard work though. Often we would take walks along the river bank or up into the hills and we'd learn about the animals from the signs they left behind - a tree knocked down by elephants, a hole dug by an aardvark or the footprints of a hippo leading down to the river. On one occasion we went to a large kopje they call 'The Office' because it's the only place in the area where you can get a mobile phone signal. We cooked dinner over an open fire and slept out, with our sleeping bags in a circle around the camp fire. Before dawn, I climbed to the top of the kopje to watch the sunrise.
Just behind the main camp building is a reservoir tank which has become the camp swimming pool. I'm used to swimming up and down at my local baths, but this one is circular, so you go round and round! While I was there an old fishing net was strung across the pool and we had a game of netball. Everyone joined in, including Jamie's dog.
Once a week, we would have a shopping trip to a nearby town. Usually this was to Alldays, across the border in South Africa. It was a chance to phone home, satisfy one's cravings for ice cream or chocolate, and have a pizza at the hotel or a game of football with the local kids. For each trip, you'd collect another four stamps in the passport!
Another day trip over the border was to the Makulu Makete Cheetah Conservation Project, where three captive cheetahs are being prepared for release into the wild. Currently, they are kept in large enclosures called bomas. We were given a short talk about the aims of the project and an opportunity to get photos of the cheetahs at close quarters - though we stayed outside the boma, while the guide went in and offered the cheetahs a tasty antelope leg! Then we had a walk through their reserve, looking at magnificent baobab trees, the biggest of which has a girth of 22 metres.
A feature of this trip that was new to me was that the group changed all the time. With no fixed dates for the project, new volunteers arrived and others left every few days. When I arrived there were only three other volunteers and they had gone by the end of my first week, so I very rapidly went from 'new arrival' to 'experienced volunteer', showing others around. By the time I left there were 14 volunteers, most staying for two months or longer. Although the majority were 'gap year' students, the age range was from 19 to over 60, so I wasn't the oldest. My month passed all too quickly and I can't wait to get back again next year.
Jonathan Proud
Dit verhaal is een persoonlijke ervaring van een vrijwilliger op dit project en dus een momentopname. Houd er rekening mee dat jouw ervaring hiervan af kan wijken. Onze projecten veranderen constant, omdat we inspelen op de lokale behoefte en we voortborduren op de behaalde resultaten. Ook verschillende weersomstandigheden kunnen de ervaring beïnvloeden. Lees meer over wat je kunt verwachten van dit project of neem contact met ons op voor meer informatie.


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Lost in Social Media: The Phase of Integration #lostinsm
Ready for the next installment of the 5-stage social adoption theory? The phase of Experimentation is over. In phase 3, social evolution reaches new heights. We'll see the early benefits of Integration. On some levels at least.
By now, this (third) group has learned about the tools, picked the ones they deem most appropriate and made the decision to embrace social media for marketing, now what? Soon it will become apparent that marketing can become more powerful if they start using these tools together and in support of an objective. This group is called "Integrators" because companies or organizations in this phase will start looking for integration opportunities between their social and traditional marketing efforts, and across (e.g., Facebook and Twitter harmonization) and within (e.g., Facebook X and Facebook Y harmonization) their social media platforms. They're now starting to create a connected social media story but their efforts remain within their corner of the larger organization. In addition, this is also the phase in which social media managers recognize the need for subject matter expert, or SME, engagement. For many people, the Integrator phase starts with launches and events because they are relatively easy to tackle and relate to. While this blog series focuses on marketing, it is important to mention that in this phase we might start seeing some collaboration and integration between marketing and PR if both functions are supporting the same launch or event. However, any proactive collaboration or integration will likely be limited to the duration of the program.
Without a doubt, this phase marks a new chapter in social media engagement. This is the point where companies will start to demonstrate the impact of social media on their campaigns and in turn, this success will help groups build the case for increased investment in financial and human resources for the duration of these programs. For example, groups that are new to social media and have no baselines or benchmarks may choose to compare the results of a comparable traditional campaign to the results of their social-infused campaign to show impact. They may find that their social-infused programs help create substantial cost savings and/or increase reach and word-of-mouth, amongst other benefits. This realization could be the catalyst to transform social media from a "nice to have" to a "must have" component for all consecutive launches and events. If done well, this is also the phase in which corporations will start building trust.
There will be a shift in audience interaction, too. A group's initial blogs will likely follow the standard corporate language used for white papers and announcements, but as this group gets more experience, the language will likely relax and the posts will become more casual. Many companies will still find themselves talking at their audience more often than talking with them or enabling their audience to talk amongst themselves, but with the increase in confidence and commitment of subject matter experts, companies will start moving the needle from self-promotion to real conversations and direct engagement with their online audience. They're going to start adding value on a more consistent basis and will listen to and monitor the conversations more closely than the Seekers (or Experimenters).
The Integrators will be more advanced than the Seekers in the areas of listening and measurement, too. Their use of measurement tools and what they do with the data will still be limited though. Their listening efforts will be more passive than active. It is also probable that they will only monitor and listen around the time of their launch or event. They will repeat the act of listening, engaging and measuring for each launch or event but they will not yet be able to fully connect all the dots among these activities. This will come with time and practice.
Don't get me wrong. It is probable that the Integrators will continue their social media efforts post launch or event. Often times, however, these efforts will receive significantly fewer resources and less attention than the more visible launches and events which will have an impact on the frequency and quality of two-way conversations. Especially if the group or company plays in a field where social managers need to heavily rely on their subject matter experts.
In an effort to keep conversations fresh, Cisco Blogs closes comments after 60 days. Please visit the Cisco Blogs hub page for the latest content.
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Kurt Nimmo
November 28, 2009
New Jersey Sen. Robert Menendez wants to put a dead man on trial in a U.S. civilian court. Menendez has told CNSNews that Osama bin Laden should be brought to justice and prosecuted in civilian court, where he will most certainly be convicted.
"When we catch bin Laden, should he be Mirandized? Should he be read his Miranda rights? If there's going to be a civil proceeding, the attorney general said it wouldn't matter," Matt Cover of CNSNews asked Menendez.
"As far as I'm concerned he should be prosecuted, brought to justice, and hopefully – and I fully expect – convicted," declared Menendez.
CNSNews asked the question after Sen. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina grilled Obama's attorney general on how the administration would handle terrorists caught in the future. "If we captured bin Laden tomorrow, would he be entitled to Miranda warnings at the moment of capture?" said Graham.
Eric Holder wasn't sure how to answer Graham's question. He said it "all depends" if Osama bin Laden would be read his Miranda rights. Holder's apparent confusion is rather perplexing coming from the top cop in the country.
Graham understands the law better than Obama's attorney general. "Well, it does not depend," Graham replied. "If you're going to prosecute anybody in civilian court, our law is clear that the moment custodial interrogation occurs, the defendant – the criminal defendant – is entitled to a lawyer and to be informed of their right to remain silent."
Not that Graham believes accused terrorists deserve a day in court. He believes Holder is guilty of "making bad history" in his decision to send Khalid Sheikh Mohammed and his supposed co-conspirators to New York for trial in civilian court.
"We're making bad history here," Graham said during a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing on November 18. "The big problem I have is that you're criminalizing the war…. I think you've made a fundamental mistake here."
Holder's "bad history" fits in the larger context of an invented history. Khalid Sheikh Mohammed and his cohorts are prized patsies for the official 9/11 fairy tale used to launch the global war on terror and turn the United States into a surveillance and police state.
Osama bin Laden was a CIA asset who died in December, 2001. "Usama bin Laden has died a peaceful death due to an untreated lung complication, the Pakistan Observer reported, citing a Taliban leader who allegedly attended the funeral of the Al Qaeda leader," Fox News reported on December 26, 2001. "Bin Laden, according to the source, was suffering from a serious lung complication and succumbed to the disease in mid-December, in the vicinity of the Tora Bora mountains. The source claimed that bin Laden was laid to rest honorably in his last abode and his grave was made as per his Wahabi belief."
On October 26, 2002, CNN reported on a London-based Arab news magazine publishing Osama's will. "He did write the will as someone saying good-bye," Hani Nakshabandi of the Arab news magazine Al Majalla told CNN.
According to the former dictator of Pakistan, Pervez Musharraf, Osama died because he was unable to get treatment for a kidney disease. "I think now, frankly, he is dead for the reason he is a … kidney patient," Musharraf told CNN on January 18, 2002. "I don't know if he has been getting all that treatment in Afghanistan now. And the photographs that have been shown of him on television show him extremely weak."
In February of 2002, CNN terrorism analyst Peter Bergen said Osama bin Laden had "aged enormously between '97 and October" of 2001. "This is a man who was clearly not well. I mean, as you see from these pictures here, he's really, by December he's looking pretty terrible."
Dr. Sanjay Gupta, CNN medical correspondent, concurred. "You can look [at pictures from a December 2001 video] and notice that he has what some doctors refer to as sort of a frosting over of his features—his sort of grayness of beard, his paleness of skin, very gaunt sort of features. A lot of times people associate this with chronic illness. Doctors can certainly look at that and determine some clinical features…. The sort of frosting of the appearance is something that people a lot of times associate with chronic kidney failure, renal failure, certainly someone who is requiring dialysis would have that," said Gupta on January 21, 2002.
"Of course, by the time Gupta had made his prognosis, the CIA asset bin Laden was dead and buried, as patients with chronic kidney failure do not fare well in the Afghan outback without a kidney dialysis machine, unless we are to believe Osama's helpers ferried one in, or maybe the ISI did by way of the CIA's Air America transport," this correspondent wrote with a measured degree of sarcasm on September 9, 2007, after a spate of supposed Osama videos appeared, more than a few with the assistance of the SITE Institute, a documented Mossad propaganda front (SITE shares an IP address with another Israeli intelligence front, MEMRI).
In September of 2007, a revitalized Osama appeared in a video complete with a Grecian Formula makeover. The new Osama was a stark contrast to the sickly Osama and the fat Osama supposedly confessing to the 9/11 attacks in a video made public on December 13, 2001.
Hamid Karzai, the former employee of the oil company Unocal and current handpicked president of U.S. occupied Afghanistan, told CNN in October of 2002 that Osama bin Laden was "probably dead."
"The more we don't hear of him, and the more time passes, there is the likelihood that he probably is either dead or seriously wounded somewhere," said Karzai seven years ago.
Dale Watson, the head of the FBI's counter-terrorism unit, said in July of 2002 that Osama was "probably" dead. "It is thought to be the first time a senior US law-enforcement official has publicly offered an opinion on whether Bin Laden, the prime suspect believed to be behind the 11 September attacks, is dead or alive," the BBC reported.
Israeli intelligence said Bin Laden died in the U.S. military campaign in Afghanistan in December. The Israelis went so far as to declare the purported Osama videos that have appeared since December, 2001, are fabrications.
Sen. Robert Menendez and the neocon Sen. Lindsey Graham have a vested interest in keeping the dead nemesis Osama bin Laden alive. The trial of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed will be an orchestrated and highly controlled farce that will perpetuate the contrived war on terror.
It remains to be seen if the notorious KSM will be asked about his dubious confession via waterboard, in particular his assertion that he planned the bombing of the Plaza Bank.
"Khalid Shaikh Mohammed's alleged confession testimony has been thoroughly discredited after it emerged that one of the targets he identified, the Plaza Bank, was not founded until 2006, four years after the alleged Al-Qaeda mastermind's arrest," Paul Joseph Watson wrote on March 16, 2007.
This article was posted: Saturday, November 28, 2009 at 1:50 am