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What are the standard colon cancer treatment options by stage?
Dear OncoLink "Ask The Experts,"
What are the standard colon cancer treatment options by stage?
Carolyn Vachani, MSN, RN, AOCN, OncoLink's Medical Correspondent, responds:
Stage I
Stage I colon cancer is a tumor that has begun to invade the wall of the colon. This tumor is removed surgically and requires no further treatment. These patients should receive follow up surveillance with colonoscopy, but carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) testing, CT scans, or x-rays are not warranted.
Stage II & III
In Stage II & III colon cancers, the tumor has deeply invaded the bowel wall, or grown through the wall, and can involve nearby organs. In both cases, surgical removal of the tumor, a section of the bowel surrounding the tumor, and local lymph nodes for pathologic evaluation is required. The differentiation between the two stages is made by the examination of the lymph nodes. A stage II colon cancer has no cancer present in the lymph nodes, whereas a stage III colon cancer does. In addition, as part of the staging work-up, these patients should have a full colonoscopy (to look for other polyps or tumors), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) testing, CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis, and a chest x-ray.
The treatment of stage II colon cancer is somewhat controversial. Most studies of post-operative chemotherapy (called adjuvant chemotherapy) for stage II colon cancer have failed to show any improvement in patient survival. Despite these results, it is generally agreed that there is a subset of higher risk stage II patients who probably would benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. High-risk patients include those who present with bowel obstruction, perforation, or tumor involvement of other organs. These patients may be eligible to participate in a clinical trial evaluating adjuvant chemotherapy in this population. In general, these patients would be treated with a regimen of 5-FU (Fluorouracil) and Leucovorin for 6 months.
The treatment of stage III colon cancer is better defined and has been validated by many studies. These patients are treated with 6 months of a 5-FU and Leucovorin regimen, of which there are several variations. The regimen may be chosen based on physician preference or the ability of the patient to tolerate the side effects of that regimen.
Radiation therapy in colon cancer has limited use. Patients who have residual tumor after surgery, invasion of another organ, or an adhesion (area where the tumor has stuck to the abdominal wall), may benefit from radiation treatments to that area.
Stage IV
Stage IV colon cancer has spread to other organs (liver, lung, etc). A patient may be diagnosed originally at this stage, or have progressed from stage II or III. Either way, the treatments are generally not for cure, but to improve quality of life and extend the patient's survival.
Surgery in stage IV disease varies from case to case, and is not always performed. The stage may not be discovered until after surgery has been performed, or removal of part of the colon may be done to provide relief from symptoms caused by the cancer. In some cases, it may be more important to start systemic treatment with chemotherapy, rather than performing surgery and having to allow healing time before starting treatment. In the case of progressive disease, the surgery may have occurred months to years prior.
Chemotherapy for patients who are in generally good health (also known as a good performance status) can improve quality of life and may extend survival by a few months. Chemotherapy in patients with poor a performance status has not shown much benefit, and may worsen quality of life. The standard regimen for stage IV disease in the United States is 5-FU (Fluorouracil), Leucovorin, and irinotecan (CPT-11 or Camptosar). This has been shown to be superior to 5-FU and Leucovorin alone in these patients. Studies are still evaluating the effectiveness of adding irinotecan to the regimen for stage III disease.
Two other agents, Xeloda (capecitabine) and oxaliplatin, are also being used in advanced colon cancer that has failed or is unable to tolerate standard therapy. Xeloda is an oral form of 5-FU, and may be better tolerated by patients, although it is not without side effects. Oxaliplatin is widely used in Europe, but is still in clinical trials in the United States. The trials have shown good results thus far, extending survival in patients who had failed standard therapy. The Food and Drug Administration are currently reviewing the medication for approval.


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|Home Sections Columns In Depth | 7 November 2012 Radical planes take shape
|Wednesday, 07 November 2012 15:41
Engineers and designers are giving commercial aircraft a makeover, in a bid to make them faster, greener and more efficient.
Look up into the skies today at a passing aeroplane and the view is not that much different to the one you would have seen 60 years ago. Then and now, most airliners have two wings, a cigar-shaped fuselage and a trio of vertical and horizontal stabilizers at the tail. If it isn't broke, the mantra has been, why fix it, particularly when your design needs to travel through the air at several hundred miles an hour packed with people.
But that conservative view could soon change. Rising fuel prices, increasingly stringent pollution limits, as well as a surge in demand for air travel, mean plane designers are going back to their drawing boards. And, now, radical new shapes and engine technologies are beginning to emerge, promising the biggest shake-up in air travel since de Haviland introduced the first commercial jet airliner in 1962.
Of course, it would be wrong to say nothing has changed in the last few decades, says Rich Wahls, an aerodynamicist at Nasa's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. "New model airliners don't come out every year like cars, but it's not as if they haven't been evolving under the skin the whole time. There's so much more technology in there nowadays."
Earlier improvements went mostly unnoticed because they focused on building better and quieter turbine engines with higher performance and improved fuel consumption. There have also been huge strides in computer controls and fly-by-wire systems, which make a big difference to the pilot, but not to the passengers. And in recent years, the biggest development has been the use of strong, but lightweight plastics and composite materials rather than metals, reducing the weight of planes and the amount of fuel they need to burn. This has also allowed the development of "radical" new planes like the giant Airbus A380 and the Boeing Dreamliner.
But despite these advances, aviation engineers know there is still much to be done. Take fuel prices, for instance, which have soared in recent years. Despite modern planes being 60% to 70% more efficient than those built 60 years ago, aviation fuel expenditures now account for a quarter of an airlines operating expenses, placing them on a par with labor costs. In 2011, large US air carriers paid half again as much for fuel as what they paid in 2000. Add the fact that global airline travel is expected to grow to 3.3 billion annually by 2014 (up one third from 2009), and it's clear why engineers are searching for new ways to boost performance.
Shock test
One of the biggest efforts to rethink the airplane is being conducted by Nasa's Subsonic Fixed-Wing program, a collaboration between the US aerospace agency and industrial partners including Boeing, GE, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman and Pratt & Whitney, as well as academic institutions such as Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "We're looking to see if we can develop technologies that can get us yet another 60 to 70% improvement in fuel efficiency," says Wahls. In addition, the project wants to engineer new designs with a 71-decibel decrease in noise emissions and a four-fifths fall in nitrogen oxide pollutants from current standards. And, if these kinds of goals weren't already aggressive enough, the team wants any new technology to enter service between 2030 and 2035 - a mere blink of an eye in an industry in which commercial aircraft can have multi-decade life spans.
"We are trying to determine which technologies are worth pursuing; those that might get us anywhere near our goals," says Wahls' boss, Ruben Del Rosario, subsonic fixed-wing program manager.
Planes under investigation by Nasa range from the extreme to the slightly more conventional. For example, Boeing's Sugar Volt is a design that came about as part of the manufacturers Subsonic Ultra Green Aircraft Research (Sugar) project. The design – like many new concepts - is based around the idea of maximizing the plane's lift. This reduces the amount of power needed to keep the plane in the air, as well as the amount of fuel it must burn.
The Sugar Volt does this by using very long, narrow, flexible wings. They are so long that engineers needed to brace them with under-wing truss support struts, making the aircraft resemble the Piper Cub and other light, high-winged planes. The SugarVolt's wings are extended in order to increase lift, allowing shorter take-off distances and requiring less power in flight. They are so long, in fact, that the Boeing designers may have to fit them with hinges so that they could fit in existing airports and boarding gates.
Burning up
There are, however, are other ways to improve performance than just making longer wings. A team from MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts, for example, put forward the D8 for consideration by Nasa. This "double-bubble" aircraft design, features a double-wide fuselage composed of two standard body cylinders melded together side-by-side, as well as low-swept wings that cut drag and weight. The idea of the wider body shape is to increase lift generated by the fuselage, rather than it being mostly dead weight slung between two wings. The extra lift and reduced drag cuts back on the quantity of fuel that the engines must burn. If the jet were built today from standard aluminum alloys it could provide a 50% reduction in fuel use, according to the MIT designers; a low-mass polymer-composite version could give 70% efficiency gains. In addition, because the D8's turbine engines sit on top of the fuselage in a box-shaped tail, they would cut the amount of engine noise broadcast to the ground.
The D8's idea for generating greater lift is taken to an extreme in another design called the N3-X hybrid wing-body airplane, which Nasa developed in-house. At first glance, the N3-X looks a lot like a so-called flying wing design, used by planes such as the US Air Force's B-2 stealth bomber. These comprise a single, thick triangular wing that enclose all of the plane's contents - cockpit, stores, engines, fuel tanks and flight surfaces. But, unlike the B-2 flying wing, the N3-X hybrid wing-body also features two thin, rather conventional wings attached to the sides of its ultra-wide fuselage.
The primary advantage of the hybrid, or blended, wing-body design is better fuel efficiency, Del Rosario says. Like a flying wing, the hybrid aircraft produces lift with its entire aerodynamic airframe, thus ridding itself of the drag associated with the cylindrical fuselage and the tail surfaces of a conventional plane. As with the D8, the more lift that can be produced overall, the less effort is needed from the engines, which in turn means less fuel must be burned. Fuel efficiency could be raised further by building the airframe from lightweight polymer composite materials instead of metals, Del Rosario says.
Cool running
Engineers are aware, however, that new airframe shapes will only get them part of the way to their goals. To really make a difference, particularly to fuel consumption and engine noise, planes will also need radically new propulsion systems mounted or integrated into the airframe in novel ways. And, like car designers, aircraft manufacturers makers are beginning to explore the possibilities of electric and hybrid engines.
Boeing's Sugar Volt concept, for example, would use a hybrid-electric propulsion system that combines fuel-burning (turbine) engines, electric motors and electrochemical storage batteries—a propulsion concept not totally unlike that inside a Toyota Prius. The hybrid system would let the operators choose to draw engine power from the turbines or the batteries, whichever provides the most benefit for the specific segment of the flight—takeoff, landing, cruise, and so forth. "You can envision a 737-class airliner using the combination of turbine and electric power for take off and then, depending on the situation, switching over to cruise on one or the other," says Marty Bradley, principal investigator for subsonic ultra-green aircraft research at Boeing Research and Technology in Bellevue, Washington.
Nasa's N3-X is also designed around a completely new engine concept, called turboelectric distributed propulsion. It splits the main functions of a standard turbine engine in two - generating power by burning fuel and creating thrust by blowing air rearward with a large fan.
The idea is to use two large turbine engines to drive electric generators that would produce electricity to power 15 electric motor-driven, thrust-producing fans that would be embedded across the top rear of the broad fuselage. Such a configuration could be very efficient, Del Rosario says. The array of small electric propulsion fans at the stern of N3-X enables the designers to cut drag significantly by accelerating the flow of drag-causing air moving over the upper surface of the fuselage, keeping efficiency-sapping air friction at a minimum. Like the D8, the top-mounted propulsor fans would also effectively lower noise emissions because the body would come between them and the ground below.
The airliner concept may have an Achilles' heel, though. For such a system to reach maximum fuel-efficiency targets, the electronics, generators and motors may need to be built from superconducting (zero-resistance) materials, meaning the jet's electrics would have to be super-cooled by liquid hydrogen at −253C (−423F) or liquid nitrogen at -196C (321F) to make them work. This cryogenic technology is not yet fully practical and could take decades to prove out. Recent studies indicate, however, that substantial fuel-consumption gains could still be obtained by using existing electrical technology running at ambient temperatures, according to Del Rosario.
If that scheme sounds far out, other manufacturers are looking at developing fully electric systems for the 2050 time-frame. Aircraft engineers and designers at Eads, the parent firm of Airbus, for instance, have proposed a rather extreme concept called the Voltaire. The bulbous, 50-seat fuselage with two, long slender wings and a giant propeller on the tail, make it resemble a submarine. The concept, first put forward in 2011, would use next-generation batteries to power high-efficiency superconducting electric motors that would in turn drive the giant counter-rotating propellers mounted in a cylindrical shroud at the tail. Unlike any of the Nasa concepts, it is designed to be zero-emission.
Sling shot
However, anyone thinking that the electric Voltaire airliner may fly any time soon, needs to think again, says Johannes Stuhlberger, head of the global innovation network, power and flight propulsion at Eads. "The development of electric aircraft not only depends on the speed at which battery technology improves, but also how fast electrical equipment - the motors - get better." Electric motors would need efficiencies of around 95%, he adds, noting that for any new system to become a reality will require "tremendous improvements in the power-to-mass ratio of the entire propulsion system, while still keeping it affordable.
In the shorter term, engineers at the Airbus group are trying to reduce fuel-consumption emissions by developing novel launch systems, similar to those found on naval aircraft carriers. In one radical concept, a low-slung carriage vehicle with an airliner mounted on its back would accelerate down the tarmac and loft the plane into the air. Such a device would substantially reduce the initial power required for a passenger plane to take off. Airbus envisages the eco-climb system moving into position automatically and assisting airliners to climb steeper and reach cruising altitude faster and from shorter runways.
Of course, all of these developments will undoubtedly lead to changes in the passengers' in-flight experience. Catapult take-offs will likely mean passengers will be thrust back into their seats more firmly than happens now. Ultra-wide bodied planes will likely mean fewer window per seat for the occupants and their larger seat capacities could also lead to slower passenger-deplaning procedures both at the airport and in emergency landing situations. But there will also be benefits from these new wider spaces, which could, for example, accommodate large communal social spaces for kids more commonly found on cruise ships, whilst quiet electric engines could mean a good night's sleep for travelers normally disturbed by the drone of turbine engines.
"Are the extra carrots in the new designs worth the extra effort and costs they entail?" asks Nasa's Wahls. Only time will tell. Many of these concepts are just that: concepts that are destined never to become a reality. However, like concept cars that push what is technologically possible on the road, these craft will probably inform the design of future airliners.
So, when you gaze up at the skies in twenty years time, perhaps the airplane passing by will look different from those you grew up with after all.


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QUESTIONER: I've always been interested in the mentally retarded, mental illness and all that and
that's my general ____________. The specific question I'd like to ask is what is the status of a
mentally retarded person who has been mentally retarded from birth or maybe made a, I guess, what
you'd call a vegetable. Do...are they accountable to God for their sins or how did...why did God allow
JOHN: Well, you know, _________ you've asked me a whole pile of questions. Why does God allow
it? I don't know. You ask me why questions and I'm already stuck because I don't know why. But I
do know that God has His own purposes. For example, in Exodus, chapter 4, "the Lord said unto
him, Who hath made man's mouth?" Just listen to this. "Who maketh the dumb, or deaf, or the
seeing, or the blind? Have not I the Lord?" In other words, the people who come into the world with
some handicap may be no less, or are no less the creation of God. Now, what God's purposes are in
those individual cases, only God knows. Keep in mind that I don't think it's God's specific purpose in
the creation of man that man should be so made. But I think that is the inevitability of the curse of sin,
which falls under His permissive will. And then I think that in the case of a mentally retarded
individual, a person who is a vegetable or whatever, God alone is the Judge and I would think that it's
only, you know, it's only known to Him just exactly what the situation is. I would say this, though, that
I believe personally that if a child grows up, you know, handicapped mentally, retarded or whatever
and that child dies, God is not going to punish a child eternally for a decision he couldn't make. And
so I'm convinced that it's no difference than the child previous to the age of accountability. And Jesus
said "Suffer the little children to come unto Me and forbid them not for of such is the kingdom of
Heaven." David's infant son died. David said, "he cannot come to me, but I shall go to him." David
had the confidence that his son was in the presence of God. And Jesus said that in effect. I believe
God would treat those people who have an infantile mind the same way He would treat an infant. So
that without a conscious rejection of Jesus Christ, without a conscious rejection of the revelation of
God in creation or whatever as Romans 1 says, without an overt rejection of those things, God's not
going to hold a man accountable or a woman. So, I think in a case where you have retardation or you
have a mental handicap and the person is not responsible for his own behavior, that God would never
hold them eternally accountable for something he could never make a decision about. So, I think
God treats them with great love and great care and I think you see that just in the nature of God. I
mean, God is too loving to be unnecessarily unkind to too just to be unfair.
JOHN: Right.
JOHN: Mm-hmm.
JOHN: Okay. I Timothy 4:1 says, ""Now the Spirit speaketh specifically that in the latter times some
shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of demons," so forth. I don't
believe...he was saying is this somebody who loses their salvation. No, I don't think so. I don't think
you can make the word "some" into a Christian, necessarily. "Some shall depart from the faith..."
Some within the framework of Christianity will depart from the faith. And, of course...for example, I
was just reading today in the latest issue of the Evangelical Press news service, which comes out
every week and I just got it today so it's hot off the wires. Claremont theological school has just hired
a man who believes that the biggest myth in the Bible is the incarnation of Jesus Christ. And he has
spent years, he's written seven books, one of which majors on the myth of God incarnate. All right.
He is teaching at Claremont Graduate School of Theology, which is under the name of Christianity. I
think that's what you have in view here. Departing from the faith...what faith?...the faith. That's a
very important concept. Thefaith is not faith, but the faith. It's not the act of belief; it's the content. In
other words, he's not departing from believing, he's departing from thefaith. What faith? Jude calls it
the "once for all delivered to the saints" faith. And what is the "once for all delivered to the saints"
faith? It's here. And so in the latter times, the Spirit says that there will be people who, under the
name of Christianity and under the guise of teaching God's truth, will depart from the historic faith.
And I don't think it has anything to do with people losing their salvation. I think that they simply teach
the doctrines of demons. It's false teachers. That's the key.
JOHN: Luke 24:39. I told you before, this is not Stump the Pastor (laughter) so you have to ask me
questions I know.
QUESTIONER: Okay, in Luke 24:39 Jesus told his disciples not to touch, or to touch Him to see that
He's not a ghost after He was risen from the dead.
JOHN: Mm-hmm.
QUESTIONER: Okay, now in John 20:17, He says don't because He has not ascended to Heaven...
JOHN: Right.
JOHN: Sure, that's a good question. Jesus said, "handle Me and see; a spirit has not flesh and
bones as you see Me have," Luke 24:39. On the other hand, He said to Mary, "don't touch Me. I
have not yet ascended to My Father." The difference is in the Greek verb and the King James
doesn't help you there. You see, what He said to Mary was don't hang onto Me. In other words,
Mary Magdalene was so broken up when Jesus died. Right? She was just really broken up. And, of
course, when all of the sudden He appeared to her in His resurrection, well, she just wanted to hang
onto Him. And so she was literally clutching Him. And He says, you can't hang onto Me now cause I
have to ascend to My Father. So the difference was simply the fact that He said, reach out and touch
Me to see that I'm real, but to Mary He said, don't hang onto Me; I gotta go back. And even in her
mind, you know, I'm back to prove to you I'm alive. I'm not back to stay so don't hang onto Me.
You're gonna have to release Me to go back to My Father. Okay? So really a difference in the Greek
verb helps to clarify that.
JOHN: Yeah, she has a friend at work who is a Seventh Day Adventist and she wanted to know
whether they are saved. You know, I don't care whether you're a Seventh Day Adventist, Baptist,
Presbyterian, Episcopal, Catholic or whatever. If you believe in the Lord Jesus Christ as your Savior
and you put your confidence in Him and His death and resurrection on your behalf, you're saved.
And every Seventh Day Adventist who's ever done that is saved. As to the individual, I really don't
know, but I'm convinced as I try to examine what I see as current, the current manifestation of people
in Seventh Day Adventism, and I'm pretty convinced that many of them really do know the Lord Jesus
Christ. Again, you know, historically, Seventh Day Adventism has the trappings of a cult because it
was basically generated by a woman named Ellen G. White. And, of course, if you go back to the
cults, you have Madame Blavatsky, you know, and you have Mary Baker Eddy and you have Annie
Besant. You have all of these women who sort of spawned these kind of cultic things. And so some
people have tended to take Ellen G. White because, you know, they read The Desire of the Agesand
all that stuff that comes out from Ellen G. White as if it was really truth. But I think...and, of course,
they believe in soul-sleep. They believe that when you die, you just go out of, you know, you go into
a coma until some time in the future and we don't believe that. They also attach a pretty strong and
rigid legalism to the issue of living the Christian life in regard to, well, they used to not allow you to
drink Coke and coffee and keep the Sabbath and so forth. But it seems recently there has been a
greater concentration among those people on the Lordship of Jesus Christ. And I know I've met
many of them who really do know Christ. So I don't think you can classify them by that system as
JOHN: Yeah, if she's keeping the Sabbath, yeah, yeah. Well, they do keep, they keep the Sabbath.
That's right. And, you know, but I mean...
JOHN: ...yeah, and she's a vegetarian. Mm-hmm. Oh, I know, I was...I've eaten those walnut
burgers at the Adventist Hospital (laughter).
JOHN: Yeah.
QUESTIONER: In Matthew 24 where it says this generation will not pass away, does that have
anything to do with the 1948 ______________?
JOHN: That's one interpretation. The generation that sees the fig tree bud will not die off until all
these things be fulfilled. And if in fact we can interpret the fig tree budding as the rebirth of the nation
Israel, then the generation alive in 1948 to see that, will be the generation alive when all these things
are fulfilled. But there are other interpretations of that. "Genea" can mean generation and then you
can argue about how long a generation is, whether it's 40 to 80 years and everybody stops
somewhere in there. People who are...used to say it's 30 years are getting a little antsy by now
cause it's passed. But the thing is, there are, there are some who interpret "genea" as a race and
that what Jesus is saying is this people. It can be translated as people or nation. This nation, Israel,
shall not pass away till all these things be fulfilled. That's just as great a prophecy, that Israel is
gonna abide throughout history until the coming of Jesus Christ. That's another possible
interpretation. Some interpret generation as a reference to the people standing right there with Jesus
who would not pass away until this would be fulfilled in the sense of its prefiguring, which was the
destruction of Jerusalem, because in 70 A.D. the destruction of Jerusalem was a sampler of the
Second Coming. It was a sampler of final judgment. And they saw it that way, I mean, the Biblical
writers. And so He...some say He was saying, well, your, you know, this generation right here isn't
gonna pass away until they see this thing fulfilled, you know. It's kind of like Joel, too, you know,
where He says even now you've seen this fulfilled. Right? And then it talks about that your young
men shall dream dreams and prophecy and all these things. Well, that wasn't fully fulfilled, was it,
because the moon didn't turn to blood and all those other things Joel said. But there was a
prefillment, a sort of a pre-preliminary thing. And so some say that the generation that is there, that's
standing there with Jesus, will be there when they begin to see what that's gonna be like as it's
sampled in the destruction of Jerusalem. So there's several options in interpreting that.
QUESTIONER: Yes, I'd like to know, is it...after you're saved, is it possible that Satan can physically
touch you or create an actual physical impression around you and if so, why does he?
JOHN: Yeah, he's asking, if you're a Christian and you've been saved, can Satan actually create a
physical impression around you or whatever. Well, the answer is yes. And the reason I say that is
because of II Corinthians, chapter 11 [this is in chapter 12] where Paul the apostle, no less than Paul
the apostle said he had "a messenger from Satan, a thorn in the flesh sent to buffet" him. Satan was
permitted by God to bring upon Paul a certain disease or certain problem, but it was for his own good.
If you go to the book of Job...right? And Satan goes into the presence of God and says, ah, you don't
have a faithful man in the world. And God says, yes, I do; I have Job. He's a faithful man. Satan
says, he's faithful because you've blessed him so much. Let me get at him a little while and he'll bail
out. So God says all right. So He let Satan go and Satan literally oppressed Job in a severe way.
So there's no question in my mind and...but I think the thing you have to remember is that there are
two kinds of things like this. Now, ____ keep in mind that no evil thing befalls someone from God. All
right? But God will use those things. God doesn't invent trials and temptations but allows them,
because they try our faith and make us strong. Right? So as a Christian, I believe God allows Satan
to tempt me. God allows Satan to put me through trials. God allows Satan to get on my case a little
bit, because then when I, when I win the victory in the strength of the Lord, I'm stronger next time.
But that's different than being obsessed or depressed or whatever by Satan. That's another thing.
And that's where a believer begins to cultivate sin in his life. He begins to lose the warfare, wrestling
against flesh..."not against flesh and blood, but principalities, powers, the rulers of darkness, spiritual
wickedness in high places," and as you begin to live an unholy life, you lose the breastplate of
righteousness, you're wide open, you're vulnerable because of your sin. Then I believe Satan can
really mess you up even as a Christian. And the devil goes around "like a roaring lion seeking whom
he may devour." And the Bible says, if you resist the devil, he'll flee from you, but if you don't resist
him, he not gonna flee.
So there are two ways to look at it. One is that God allows Satan to bring you a certain amount of
temptation. He did Jesus, didn't He. He tempted Christ, but Christ came through with victory and I
think God wants us to do that. But that's different than when we begin to sin and we begin to walk in
unrighteousness and then Satan begins to crowd in our lives and mess everything up. And I think he
can make people sick. I think he can mix up their minds and all kinds of things. But the solution, as
I've said so many times, is not to go get exorcised or to go do some weird stuff. The solution is to
confess your sin. Resist the devil and he'll run away. I don't thing it's mystical. I just think it's rather
QUESTIONER: In your study _________ learning about where Paul and the apostles
JOHN: Mm-hmm.
JOHN: Well, you're talking about in the book of Acts when Paul had gone to Galatia and he finished
his ministry in Galatia and he was moving west and he said we wanted to go into Asia, but the Holy
Spirit said no and then we turned to the right to go to Bithynia and the Holy Spirit withstood us again.
They couldn't go east; they'd been there. They couldn't go south; the Holy Spirit said no. They
couldn't go north; the Holy Spirit said no. So they just kept walking and finally they got to the gulf and
they...what'll we do now, Lord. And then, remember, Paul had a vision and a man from Macedonia
came to him and gave him the Macedonia call and said come over and help us. The whole point is
this: God wanted them in Macedonia. So if God wanted them in Macedonia, He just shut the doors
To give you an illustration of it, ten years ago when I was working on the staff of Talbot Seminary and
asking the Lord to lead me to a church, there was a church that called me and they said to me, you
know, we might be interested in having you be our pastor if you'd like to talk with the board. And it
was a good, large church, a church of, I don't know, 1,500 people. So it was even bigger than Grace
was in those days. And so I went to talk to this...these people in the pulpit committee and they...they
said, you know, asked me all the questions and I told them everything I knew in about 30 minutes and
(laughter)...and then they said, well, we'll be getting in touch with you. And so I didn't hear anything
for a long, long time. And finally I'd heard by the grapevine that they felt that I was not...I was not the
person they wanted. Well, the Lord closed the door and I'm really glad about that. The Lord said,
you can't go to Asia; you gotta go to Panorama City, that's all (laughter). And, you know, that's just in
the parameters of God's sovereign will. Paul wouldn't have known at the time why, but he found out
why because he was able to cross the gulf and plant the gospel in the east coast of Europe, as it
were, and to break open a whole new territory for Christ. And, of course, later on he circled right back
through Asia and founded the seven churches of Asia Minor. It was only a question of God's timing,
QUESTIONER: Question I have, it started in a Biblical criticism course I had at a fairly liberal
Christian college. And I know about some of the way the New Testament manuscripts were copied
on and so on. And I know that the New Testament scribes who were copying weren't as meticulous
as those who copied the Old Testament. And I wondered if you'd clear up for me how we can really
be sure that the Bible is inerrant in terms of New Testament, you know, in terms of their additions or
subtractions from the Scriptures.
JOHN: Yeah, the question he's asking is how can we be confident that what we have in the text of
the Bible is accurate. And that's a, that's a long question. If you'll wait about a year, I'm just finishing
a book on that. And it's gonna be called Take God's Word For Itand Regal Books Gospel Light will
publish it and it'll be about 12 chapters on the subject of the Bible and its inerrancy and we'll be
dealing with what is called canonicity, which is the question, really, you're asking.
But in very short terms, let me show you the simplest approach and that is this. We believe that the
manuscripts that we have have been superintended by God. That's the simplest answer. God would
not write a Bible and then abandon the process of preserving it. And so I believe that, substantially,
the manuscript that we have today upon which the English Bible is based is, basically, that which God
first inspired. And I think the issue primarily is an issue surrounding the character of God. What kind
of a God would it be, and this is where the critics lose me, what kind of God would it be who is known
to be a perfect God, who is known to be a flawless God, if He then produced a flawed revelation?
First of all, that would be inconsistent with His nature. So to begin with, we assume then, at least I
do, that if God is perfect, that what God produces will equally be perfect. The same is true in the
creation of man. When God made man, He made him the way He wanted him to be and man fell.
And I think, basically, when God revealed the Word of God, it was the perfect expression of His own
mind. Now, I think, in great measure, we have to also conclude that the same God who could
produce a perfect revelation could superintend it so that succeeding generations would get it,
substantially, in its perfection. And so I think that's the basic issue. Now, you can go into details on
the subject of manuscripts and how they were copied and those kinds of things and I think that those
will not dispel the argument. I think, for example, if you were to get Geisler and Nix, who have written
a book on the Bible itself, and read their section on canon, and particularly on the New Testament
manuscripts, you'd see how God has preserved those. I don't think it's a difficult argument. I just...I
don't think we have time to go into all of the features of it here. But I think the substance of the
argument is found in the character and the nature of God as a perfect being. And I think that God
would not reveal a revelation upon which the salvation of mankind through all of its history was
dependent, and then allow it be corrupted so that men could not know the truth through it or He would
be defeating Himself. And I don't think at any point in time we want to say that God is a victim of
man. So I think God has preserved His Word and I think this can be substantiated as you study that.
Higher criticism is based on a lot of fallacies. And as I say, they're...another good book on this is
Clark Pinnock's book on Biblical revelation. There are others as well. And as I say, I've tried to deal
with that in the book that I've done just recently that isn't out yet.
But I do believe that the New Testament manuscripts as we know them are substantially the Word of
God. We know there are some copyist problems in it, but those are marginal and minimal and affect
no major doctrine, nor do they confuse the point of Scripture at any given place. Okay?
QUESTIONER: One problem that I often have faced is that I often listen to the teaching of the Word
and I study the Word myself and then the problem is between studying or listening to teaching and
then applying it in my life. And I wonder if you have some suggestion of some kind of bridge between
the teaching and the application of the truth in my life.
JOHN: Let me just suggest this. In order to...there's really no simple, short answer to this. But how
do you get from learning something to living it is what you're saying. And I guess that's...the key thing
would be to make sure that it's not just up here, but down here. Maybe we could stretch the point and
say it's not just "gnosis," it's "epignosis." It's a deep inner knowledge. And I think, I think, basically, in
order, first of all, to gain that knowledge that's gonna retain itself, we have to learn by repetition.
Okay? Isaiah says we learn line upon line, line upon line, precept upon precept, precept upon
precept, here a little and there a little. And so the key to learning is repetition. Now this is born out in
the Bible. Have you noticed how repetitious the Scripture is? Have you noticed that? You can
preach, basically...now, I've been preaching for 10 years here at Grace church and it's difficult now for
me to say something that I've never said before. It's difficult for me to have a new thought about the
Bible that I've never had before because you realize the Bible is tremendously repetitious. Now, it'll
talk about the same thing from different angles, like the facets of a diamond. For example, in one
passage you'll hear, "be filled with the Spirit." In another passage you'll hear, "walk in the Spirit." In
another passage you'll hear, "let the Word of Christ dwell in you richly," and so forth. All of those refer
to the same thing, living under the control of the Spirit of God. In another place you'll read, "put ye on
the Lord Jesus Christ." That means the same thing basically. Another place, "put on the armor of
God," which is nothing but putting on the Lord Jesus Christ, which is nothing but being filled with the
Spirit, which is nothing but walking in the Spirit, which is nothing but letting the Word of Christ dwell in
you richly. In other words, the same great truths are come at from many different angles. And I
believe that initially what you hear has an initial and limited effect, but as you continue to stockpile this
Truth, it has a way of changing your life. Okay.
Now, let me add two other things and this is a very brief answer, but there are two other key
ingredients to really putting to practice what you learn. Number one is accountability. It's very difficult
to live the principles of the Word of God unless you are visible before someone who's calling you to
the task of doing that. You know what I'm saying? It's very easy to float if you're in isolation. If you
live alone and nobody's around and yet you don't have to have visibility as a Christian, it's kinda easy.
You can just kind of float along and you a ______ time. That's why I believe the Bible urges us to
fellowship and "stimulate one another to love and good works," Hebrews 10, because where there is
accountability, you're forced to a certain kind of behavior. And what you really do in a forced
situation, is you retrain yourself. You know, it's like the old deal when you were in high school and
you had to do push-ups in gym class. And everybody did the push-ups when the coach was looking,
right. As soon as the coach turned his back, phsshht, everybody gassed out on the ground, right.
Coach turned around, hm-hm-hm, everybody goes again, see. Or, you know, you're fooling around in
the classroom, the teacher's got her backed turned or she's late, you know, and I can remember so
many times, you know, we were doing stuff in the classroom and the teacher wasn't there and you
hear the pitter-patter of those orthopedic wedgies coming down the hall and (laughter) the door opens
and, phsshht, in comes __________, whooom, everybody hits the desk, phew, everybody's under
control. You know, there's something about that, there's something about a sense of responsibility
and accountability. I think the Lord tried to lay this on us pretty heavily throughout the New
Testament by telling us about His return and the fact that we had to face the reality of His coming at
any moment. But I do think that Christians being together in close proximity and rubbing one against
the other as the Old Testament says, as "iron sharpens iron, so one man sharpens another," as our
lives rub together, there's a kind of accountability that forces us to the task of living a Godly life.
And I would add another dimension, too, and that is that we, in order to make things our own, we
need to articulate them to somebody else. There's not only the mutual sense of accountability, but
there's that real deep knowledge that comes when you have learned something and then you have
digested it and passed it onto somebody else. The things I best understand are the things I've taught.
Right? And, frankly, teaching for me is learning. And I think that's important.
So, as we learn, initially, the first time a truth comes through, it has a certain minimal effect. And
that's why Colossians 3:16 says, "Let the Word of Christ dwell in you richly." You see, there has to be
that redundancy, that repetition, that constancy of the Word being poured into your life that begins
slowly to mold and shape you. And along with that constant repetition, constant reading, constant
exposure to the Word, as you live close to other Christians and there's a forced accountability, and as
you teach, because I don't think any Christian should be one who doesn't pass on what he gains, as
you teach, you will make that your own. And I think those are the critical things. Okay?
QUESTIONER: I'd like your opinion on lawyers who profess to be Christians and defend criminals or
people who know...they know are guilty.
JOHN: Okay. The question is, what about lawyers who say they're Christians and defend people
whom they know are guilty. All right.
Due process of law and the process of justice is dependent upon, in our system, is dependent upon
advocacy. That is, you can't go to court without a lawyer. Right? All right, I think, basically, that what
the Bible calls for is absolute truth, absolute truth. My feeling, personally, would be that if I were a
lawyer, and at one time in my life I thought about that, but if I were a lawyer for about two minutes
(laughter) I, personally, could not handle a case of defending someone I knew was guilty. Now, what
they will usually say, and maybe this is okay in their own mind, I don't...I've never really talked to one
about it. But what they usually say is this. We will not fabricate a case, but we will deal with the case
that exists. In other words, plea bargaining, you know, for a lesser sentence or maybe trying to
disparage the accuracy of another witness who's questionable. In other words, if an attorney...as an
attorney, you know your client is guilty, it would be wrong, in my judgment to plead not guilty. That
would be wrong because you know better than that. But it would be perhaps justified to plead guilty
or to qualify that, and there are other pleas that you can take. You can plea bargain and so forth. I
think it's possible, all that to say, I think it's possible for an attorney to defend someone who's guilty if
he in no way compromises the truth. The fact of the matter is, not telling it is as big a compromise as
telling a lie. So that's why I say, in my own mind, I could never defend a situation where I knew I was
either veiling the truth or fighting for somebody who was guilty all the while. Frankly, as...knowing
myself, I'd probably get up and say, "Judge, I hate to tell you this, but the guy is guilty. Throw him in
the Klink," you know. (Laughter) And I don't want to mess around with it anymore than that, so...
Really, I think it'd be, I think a Christian, I don't care what, you know, being an attorney doesn't
change the fact that the standard is truth. I mean, and I was talking to a guy the other day and he
was saying, you know, I listened to your tape recently and on your tape you said the whole American
system is based on the fact that people don't tell the truth and that's true. If people started telling the
truth, our entire system would collapse from the political heads right on down through everything. If
everybody immediately, for one day, told the truth, we'd have absolute chaos in the world. Can you
imagine what would happen if all the politicians, including the President and everybody else just told
the truth for one day? Whoo! It'd be the end of everything. Everything would collapse. I mean, just
think about it in your house maybe (laughter). If everybody just said the absolute truth all the time.
So we do have a system that's based on falsehood and, you know, I think that's a real problem. I
really do. I don't think there's any justification for not telling the truth. That's my own personal feeling.
I don't want to, you know, I don't want to argue if any of you are attorneys. Maybe you have a
different approach on it. But I think you could defend somebody if there was some question about the
witnesses involved of if there was a loophole in the law or whatever, and you could approach it legally
as long as you didn't compromise the truth. I don't know how you'd do that, but maybe that could be
done. Okay?
QUESTIONER: Could you comment on where our Lord Jesus Christ was the three days between the
time that He was crucified and the time He arose from the dead?
JOHN: I think so. That's one of my favorite subjects. You know, I believe that if you get into the
Bible, you find out that the Lord's doing a lot of things for the sake of the angels. Right? I mean, He
desires the angels to give Him glory and He has a right for that because there's no competition. You
know, He gets all the glory anyway. But He has a desire that the angels show Him glory. For
example, in Ephesians 3:10 He talks about putting the church on display before the angels that the
angels may see His power and His greatness and so forth. So God is very concerned about the
angels. Now, the holy angels and the fallen angels. Right?
When Satan, Lucifer fell and took a third of the angels with him and formed an ungodly host of Hell,
they have been fighting against God all along. Right? And if you study the Old Testament, you find
that Satan and his hosts tried to stop the Messiah. They tried to stop the prophecies. You know,
they...the Messianic line got narrowed down to one little boy whose life hung by a thread who was
hidden, you know. And then you have Athaliah coming in and trying to slaughter off all the line. And
then you have the curse of Jeconiah and you have all of this. And then when the babies were born in
Bethlehem, you have Herod coming down and wanting to slaughter all the babies. And then in
Nazareth they try to shove them off a cliff. You know, Satan all along is trying to destroy Christ
because he knows He has the right to rule in the earth. And He knows that he's a usurper and a false
Christ and he knows that Christ is going to come and take his kingdom. So Satan fights Christ.
Now, I think that the final great culmination of Satanic effort against Christ came at the cross. And I
think, literally, on the cross, as one old writer said, hell had high carnival when they saw the nails
going into His hands. Because this was their, this was their coup de grace. This was their _____
______, you know. This was it. And it was at that precise moment that the Lord took advantage of
His moment. Because this is exactly spoken of in the Scripture, you don't have to have any mystery
as to what specifically occurred. It's in Colossians 2:14 at least in one of the references...another one
in Peter. But it says this. Here you have Him on the cross here and it says, "blotting out the
handwriting of ordinances that was against us." In other words, God had, of course, records of our
sins held against us. Christ, as it were, went to the cross and took those. And very often when a
criminal was, well, usually when a criminal was crucified, they nailed the list of offenses to the cross.
When Jesus was crucified, what was His offense?...that He said He was what?...King of the Jews.
And they nailed that to the cross. But other criminals would have their offenses. So, Jesus, literally,
had in God's mind, when He was dying, God took all of the "handwriting of ordinances," all of the
offenses that we'd ever committed and He nailed them to the cross and Jesus bore the penalty, all
right. And at the same time that He was dying there, verse 15 adds this, "and having spoiled
principalities and powers." Now, who are they? Who are principalities and powers?...angelic beings.
And if He spoiled them, they would be the negative ones, not the holy angels, but the fallen ones.
"He made a show of them openly, triumphing over them in it." What does "it" modify?...the cross. So
in the cross, it was not a defeat by the demons; it was a defeat of the demons. Now, Christ openly
showed Himself in triumph over those demons. Now, how did He do that? Look at Ephesians,
chapter 4 and verse 9. Here you have another...I think this fits into this. It says that He ascended,
but before He ascended...now when did Christ ascend?...after His resurrection. Right? Okay.
Before that He descended into "the lower parts of the earth." Now I believe that when His body was
dead, His Spirit descended. For what purpose? Well, that takes us to one other passage. It's 3:19 of
I Peter and here you have a similar insight, okay. "For Christ suffered for sins," 3:18, I Peter. Okay,
we know what's going on now, the cross again, He's dying, He's on the cross. Now watch what it
says. He was "put to death in the flesh, but made alive in the Spirit." Okay? His body was dead; His
Spirit was what?...alive. Now, where did His Spirit go for those three days? "By which," verse 19,
"He went and preached unto the spirits in prison." Now this is when He descended. This is when He
made His open show of triumph. He descended during that time and the spirits in prison, in my
judgment, are described in the next verse. They are the bound demons who are bound because of
the sins they committed in the time of Noah. Now you go back to Genesis, chapter 6, and we won't
take time to do that, where I believe that you have the fallen angels, the demons cohabitating with
women. But the point is this. There were demons bound in the pit. There may have been more than
just those, because as you remember, the demons cried out to Jesus in Mark 5, don't send us to the
pit, don't send us to the pit. So there's a place where demons are bound. And I believe that when
His body was dead, His Spirit was alive and He descended into that place. Now, the spirits in prison I
don't think are people; I think they're angels. They're captured and kept there, the ones that were
disobedient in the time of Noah. Further, they're preaching. Some people think this means preach
the gospel. It's not the word "euangelizo," to preach the gospel; it's the word "kerusso," to make a
proclamation. And I think Jesus went down to that place, and to all of the demons bound there, He
proclaimed the fact that what looked like their victory was really their defeat. And having proclaimed
that to them as they were bound, He then went back through another part of the lower parts, Sheol,
and scooped up the spirits of the Old Testament saints and took them to Heaven. Okay?
HERB: In my work, of course, I'm dealing with Protestants and Jews and Catholics, Jehovah's
Witnesses and the Mormons and you name it. One of the problems that we have, of course, and I'm
on this ___________ committee and I have to respect everybody's position. The Jehovah's Witness
talk about this matter of eating blood and they claim that an intravenous feeding is the same as eating
blood and their idea is that you take a pill through the mouth, that's one way of getting it in. To get it
in a hurry, you inject it into the veins. All right, if I know, for instance, that a certain pill, I'm allergic to
it by taking it by the mouth. If I put it in my blood, I'm killing myself. I mean, it's the same idea. And
from this they gather that putting blood through the veins is the same as eating or drinking it. Can
you comment on that.
JOHN: Well, in the first place, you know, that's ridiculous reasoning. Eating and drinking is not
getting an intravenous shot. That's two different things completely. Your body is made to function
eating and drinking only one way. That's, I mean, that's not even logical to conclude that. The
second thing that I would say is they wouldn't make very good Scotsmen because they eat blood
pudding over there. Have you ever had, have you ever seen Scots black, Scottish black pudding?
We were having breakfast one day and somebody says, "Oh, you've gotta try black pudding." So I
said, "I'm game for anything." So they gave me a piece of this and I tasted it and I said, "That is
without a doubt the worst thing I have ever put in my mouth." (Laughter) "What is it?" It's dried,
baked blood. Well, that's strictly a footnote. (Laughter)
The other thing is this. This is the confusion of Jehovah's Witnesses and this is the confusion of so
many of the cults. Those things which were granted to Israel as dietary laws were often for the health
of the people, just as often to establish their uniqueness to make it impossible for them to have any
kind of running intercourse with the pagan nations around them. Right? God was trying to separate
them. They couldn't wear the same clothes as they did. They couldn't have the mixtures of the kinds
of yarn. They couldn't eat the same meals. They couldn't go through the same cooking processes.
God was isolating them. That's what kosher meant. They just couldn't eat what everybody ate. And
this was God's way of dropping them in the midst of this pagan culture and trying to preserve them.
Now, to take the things that God ordained for that people and that time and that culture and try to bind
them upon people's conscience today is ridiculous, especially in the face of Acts 10 where you have
all of those dietary laws in a sense summed up in the situation where Peter sees the sheet coming
out of Heaven as he's sleeping on his rooftop in Joppa. And the sheet comes down, it's got clean and
unclean and all of this and Peter, the Lord says to Peter, "Rise, Peter; kill and eat." And Peter says,
no, Lord, I've never touched anything unclean. Are you kidding? I've been kosher all my life, you
know. I can't do it. And the Lord says don't you dare call unclean or common what God has
cleansed. And I believe at that point you have the setting aside of that whole system. I think you
have it in Colossians where the apostle Paul says don't let anybody hassle you with a new moon or a
feast day or a Sabbath day or any of those other things that belonged uniquely to the identification of
Israel in their land as they were in the midst of a pagan society.
So, in the first place, I don't think it's logical to assume intravenous blood-giving is the same as eating
because it's not going into your digestive system; it's going into your veins and blood has to be in your
veins or you can't live. Secondly, I feel that it's wrong to take that standard which God gave to that
people for their identification in that time and impose it upon a society today that can no longer be
identified as Israel as such. And especially when the New Testament sets those things aside insofar
as their purpose for God's people today.
JOHN: If Christ was going over that river where all the blood was flowing down from the temple and
He prayed for four hours and all His sweat was coming down from His face and He'd suffered all night
and in the morning He had been whipped up, wouldn't He die before the crucifixion?
JOHN MACARTHUR: Well, John, that's a good question and you know what the answer to that
question is? The answer to that question is that Jesus was an unusual man. The Old Testament tells
us that sin manifests itself on your body, your countenance, your physical form. You remember in
Psalms 32, I don't know if you've read it, it talked about David. He committed a terrible sin. And you
know what happened to David? His life juices dried up, he got sick, his bones ached, he became
weak. Sin affects us that way. Right? Jesus never sinned. Right?...never committed a sin. So He
did not have the attack on His physical body that a sinful person has which meant that, to begin with,
He had a tremendously strong physical body. Further, I believe that if God ever made a body for His
Son, it was probably the finest human body ever conceived by God. I don't think Jesus was some
pusillanimous, puny, hammered down, disconnected, stovepipe man with a drawn face who could
hardly walk up a step. I don't buy that. Furthermore, all you have to do is follow Jesus around Galilee
and you know He must have been a man's man cause He never stopped walking all the time. He
was an outdoors person because He would sometimes spend all night in prayer and He would sleep
in the...He would come down...the Bible says every man went to his own house at the end of John 7
and in John 8 it said, and Jesus went to the Mount of Olives. That was His place. He would go there
and sleep right out under the stars. And sometimes it says He would pray all night long.
Tremendous strength, tremendous stamina and without sin attacking His body He must have had a
human physical body without an equal in the history of mankind. And so He could go through that
kind of experience and still be alive, and I'm quite confident, outlast a lot of people. In fact, I don't
think He died from the physical pressure ever. I think He finally died because His heart burst over the
pain and the anguish of bearing the sins of the world. Good question.
LINDA: Hi, my name is Linda. I have a question about during the rapture. It's...with all the children
that aren't old enough to have accepted the Lord on their own and have been baptized, does He take
all the children up or will He, because He knows everything, just take the children that He knows
would have accepted Him?
JOHN: I wish somebody would give me the answer to that question (laughter). _________ the Bible
doesn't say.
JOHN: Yeah, well, the Bible doesn't say that. The Bible says nothing about that. The Calvinist says
He takes the elect and leaves the rest. The Modified Calvinist says He...what you said. He takes the
ones He knows will be redeemed. I would like to think that He'll take all the children who are under
the age of accountability rather than leave them to endure the Tribulation period. Some believe He'll
take the children of Christians only. The Bible just doesn't say. But I'll tell you one thing. God is too
wise to make a mistake and too loving to be unkind. So whatever He does, you can promise yourself
will be absolutely the right thing. Okay?
So, ultimately, like every question we can't answer, the answer is in the character of God. And as you
know God to be, the loving God that He is, shall not the Judge of all the earth do right? And you can
trust Him with your children believe me.
QUESTIONER: I have a question from the book of Genesis in the second chapter. I know that...
JOHN: Genesis...
JOHN: Okay.
JOHN: Mm-hmm.
QUESTIONER: And I know that because God is...has the nature that He has, that He can't lie. And
He says in 17 that if Adam and Eve ate of the fruit of tree of good and, of the knowledge of good and
evil that when they ate it, they would die.
JOHN: Right.
QUESTIONER: But then when they did, they didn't die. They, you know...
JOHN: Mm-hmm.
QUESTIONER: ...He threw them out of the garden. And I was wondering how that could be?
JOHN: It says there "for in the day that thou eatest thereof, thou shalt surely die." And the idea there
is that the death principle was introduced into their life at the moment they ate. In other words, death,
the killing process began. It isn't the idea that they dropped dead on the spot but that they entered
into the world of death. For example, all of us are dying. Right? When we were born, as G.B. Hardy
says, somebody lit the fuse and it's been burning down ever since and we're zeroing in on boxing
day, ten, nine, eight, seven, six, five, four, three, two, one and we're out. And that's the way life goes.
It is a process of decay. Your skin decays, your mind decays, your muscles decay, everything starts
to decay, your internal organs and finally you die. The procedure, the process of death and dying
began instantaneously. Prior to that time, they would have lived forever.
QUESTIONER: John, I have a question in I Corinthians, chapter 3, verse 17. I Corinthians 3, verse
JOHN: Mm-hmm.
QUESTIONER: "If any man destroyeth the temple of God, him shall God destroy, for the temple of
God is holy and such are ye." Can you explain what the Lord means by the how He describes man
being destroyed?
JOHN: Yeah, I don't think, I think what you have here is a physical thing. Right? "What? Know ye
not that your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit." Right? So that if you constantly use your body as
a believer to defile, you know, you defile the temple of the Spirit of God by sin, right. In I Corinthians
6 you've got the person who takes his body, which is the temple of the Holy Spirit, into a harlot.
Right?...commits an act of harlotry, fornication. He is defiling the temple of the Spirit of God. And
what He is saying here is if you defile the temple of God, if you continue to defile your temple, then
God's just gonna destroy your temple. What happened, for example, to the people in the Corinthian
church later on who went to the communion table and turned it into an orgy and the love feast into an
orgy of gluttony and sexual sin? What happened to them? Many of them were weak and sickly and
some them were what?...were dead. And literally when they began to defile the temple, then God
destroyed the temple. I don't think it's necessarily talking about the soul. I don't think it's talking
about the loss of salvation. I think it's talking about the fact that God will move in an act of ultimate
chastening against one who constantly defiles the temple. That's one way to look at it.
And short of that, I think, when a believer sins, he brings upon his own body defilement, because sin
will always have an effect upon your body. The psalmist said sin shows on your countenance, on
your physical form. If you sow the wind, you reap the whirlwind. You live in a dissolute life, then
physically you'll suffer. That's really the heart of...Paul there is talking about rewards in that passage,
not salvation. That's an important thing to keep in mind contextually. Okay?
QUESTIONER: [Skip] who from what I can determine is a born-again Christian, but he is a member
of what is called the Local Church.
JOHN: Mm-hmm.
JOHN: The Local Church is also known as the church of L.A. or the church of San Francisco, the
church of Chicago, the church of Phoenix, the church of New York. They basically take the roots of
their movement from the writings of Watchman Nee. Okay? Watchman Nee was a great Chinese
Christian who wrote many books: Sit, Walk, Stand, oh, lots of book. But anyway, Watchman Nee
had this idea that because in the New Testament you had the church at Philippi, the church at
Ephesus, the church at Thyatira, the church at Sardis, the church at Thessalonica, da-da-da-da, that
that's the way it ought to be today. So you gotta have the church at Canton, the church at Peking, the
church at Hong Kong, the church at whatever. And so that was his vision. And so he outlines this in
some of his writings about that that should only, only one church. Now, there was a guy who was
kind of a protégé of him. By the way, Watchman Nee wrote in one his books that the thing that he
felt he did not want ever to happen was that any of his writings would be the generation of a
denomination. But that's exactly what did happen. Witness Lee came along behind Watchman Nee
and Witness Lee is the guy who started the Local Church. The Local Church is...it's kind of funny
because they've got a whole bunch of branches already in Los Angeles. They've got the church of
Los Angeles Sepulveda, the church of Los Angeles South L.A. and the church of Los Angeles Orange
County, things like that. But Witness Lee came along and took this concept from Watchman Nee and
then he developed a thing which is called "pray reading." And what that is, what they do in those
services, they're highly emotional activities. They don't put any signs up. It's almost like a
clandestine thing. They're very, they're very aggressive though on college campuses and so forth
and they believe they're the only church with the only inside track and so forth. But they have this
pray reading thing where they read their Bible and then they say things in between to kind of induce
an emotional thing like, and they would be reading, "If any man build, hallelujah, praise the Lord,
thank you Jesus, amen. Upon this foundation, hallelujah, praise the Lord, thank you Jesus, amen.
Gold, hallelujah, praise the Lord, thank you Jesus, amen. Silver, nween-nween, see, and that kind of
thing and they get into the whole rhythm of that thing. The pray reading thing is the characteristic
thing in their movement. They follow the teachings of Watchman Nee...of Witness Lee, whose major
book is titled Christ Versus Doctrine, okay. They believe that doctrine is what has destroyed the
church so you must eliminate all doctrine. That's one of their cardinal doctrines (laughter) that you
must eliminate all doctrine. And that's why all they really do is induce an emotional feeling out of that,
kind of, rather ecstatic kind of reading. And they tend to look down on every other movement.
As to whether they're Christians or not, I would imagine they probably have about the same mix as
other groups of people who do know Christ and who do not. But it's very, a very strange group. And
they do feel they're the ones with the truth.
QUESTIONER: And I'd like to get your opinion on Matthew 16 and 17 and particularly the last 17th
verse, "that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of Esaias the prophet saying, Himself took our
infirmities and bare our sicknesses." Does that mean that divine healing for us today is in the
atonement and by faith in Christ's healing power, we should be healed because of His atonement?
JOHN: Yeah, that's what I thought. Okay. Well, first of all, this is an important passage. And it says,
"When the evening was come, they brought many possessed with demons and He cast out the spirits
with a word, healed all that were sick, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Isaiah, the
prophet, 'He himself took our infirmities and bore our diseases.'"
This is a passage used by people in the charismatic movement to teach that healing is in the
atonement. All right? However, this is very difficult. I have a section on this in my book on the
charismatics in which I dealt with it. And I don't know whether I can recapture all of the data at this
moment on this. But the point is this. I do not believe that the atonement provides healing. I do not
believe that healing is in the atonement. That is, that because Jesus died on the cross, He doesn't
want anybody sick any time and that all sickness is a failure to believe in what God did at the cross
through Christ. But I do feel that what Jesus is saying here is that in healing and casting out demons
and healing all that were sick, He was fulfilling what was spoken by Isaiah the prophet saying, "He
Himself took our infirmities and bore our diseases." The question here is, doesn't "He Himself took
our infirmities and bore our diseases" mean sin, not disease? Right? That's the issue. It's referring
to sin, not disease. But there is a sense also in which Christ, in coming into the world, bore our
infirmities, carried our sorrows, carried our cares. I do not think that it is saying that Jesus Christ,
because He died on the cross, eliminated all diseases from all Christians who would simply claim
that. I believe what it means is He came to die on a cross. The infirmities and the sicknesses that
Isaiah is talking about are sin. All you have to do is go back to Isaiah, chapter 1 and he outlines that.
In verse 4, oh, "Ah, sinful nation, people laden with iniquity, seed of evildoers" and he goes on about
their evil. Then in verse 5, "Why should you be stricken any more? You will revolt more and more:
the whole head is sick and the whole heart faint. From the sole of the foot to the head, there is no
soundness in it; but wounds, and bruises, and putrifying sores; they have not been closed, neither
bound up, neither mollified with ointment." And here he is talking about their spiritual life. You are
sick in your soul. And later on he says, but the Messiah will come to heal your sicknesses and heal
your infirmities and what he's talking about is what's sick in the soul, not the body. But Matthew is
stretching the significance to say, even in doing that, in His incarnation, He became a sympathetic
High Priest and was capable of feeling our infirmities, sensing our pain and so forth. But I do not
believe that healing is in the atonement.
Yes. Go ahead. You can just ask it without the mike.
JOHN: Okay. Joe is asking the question, are there degrees of hell and the answer is yes. And the
reason that I say that is because that's what the Bible indicates in Hebrews, chapter 10, a very
important verse. Verse 29 says this, Hebrews 10, "Of how much," watch this, "sorer punishment
suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy who hath trodden under foot the Son of God, and counted the
blood of the covenant, with which he was sanctified an unholy thing and hath done despite unto the
Spirit of grace?" Now, what he's talking about here is an apostate. That is somebody who knows the
gospel, knows the whole thing, has even come under some of the sanctifying influence of the
Spirit...not salvation, but the influence of the Spirit. He knows the gospel and then he treads under
foot the Son of God, counts the blood of the covenant and unholy thing, does despite unto the Spirit
of grace, rejects the Spirit's conviction, rejects the cross, rejects the gospel, and he says of how much
sorer punishment will that person be? So the idea is this. The more you know, the greater your
punishment for rejecting it.
JOHN: She's asking what happens in a family situation where they continue to use profanity, take the
Lord's name in vain. Well, how do you deal with that? What should you do?
Dr. Feinberg used to tell us, he's kind of funny about that, you know, he'd...if a guy was blowing
smoke at him on an airplane, he'd take his gum out and say, "Would you like to chew my gum? I've
been smoking your cigarette for the last ten minutes you know." (Laughter) But he was, that was the
way he was, you know. But he, if he got with somebody who was using the Lord's name in vain and
using profanity, he would usually say to them, "Say, I'd like to ask you a question. Are you a
preacher?" (Laughter) Invariably the person would say, "Well, no." "I just wondered," he'd say,
"because you certainly do talk about my Lord a lot, I just..." (Laughter)
I think in that kind of situation it depends. If it were a family situation where it was going on all the
time, I think I'd say something. I think I'd say, you know, I think I'd say, you know, it's important to me
that Jesus Christ and my Lord be honored and I'd be appreciative if you were sensitive to that. That's
what I'd say, yeah.
Hi, Jean.
JEAN: I wanted to ask if you know what is the Church of the Living Word?
JOHN: Yes. The Church of the Living Word is right up the street from the Local Church (laughter).
And the Church of the Living Word is...there are at least three or four of those churches and they
were started by a guy named John Robert Stevens who fancies himself as a latter-day apostle. And
those churches are full of other sub-apostles and they are getting, they get lots of revelations. It's,
again, it's an aberrant...they would probably agree to the gospel, to the basics of the gospel, but that's
where they leave. They are, they tend to be charismatic. They believe in the, that these men are
apostles inspired with divine revelation and they give this revelation. They are very cultic in that
Stevens is a kind of a powerful guy with a quite a stranglehold on the whole movement, very
dominating in that situation. I see them as more cultic than the Local Church. Yeah. There are
several things written that you can pick up in the bookstore on both of those I think.
QUESTIONER: What was the first language that we ever had in the world?
JOHN: First language we ever had in the world...(laughter). Always kids ask questions like that
(laughter). ___________ like something my kids would ask.
Um...(laughter)...Adamize (laughter). I don't know what the first language we ever had in the world
was because of the fact that by the time you get to the 11th chapter of Genesis, God confounded it,
whatever it was. He confounded the language. Remember the Tower of Babel when the people tried
to build a tower to get to God and then God said, okay, because of that I'm going to scatter you all
over the world and change all your languages. And we don't really know what that was. But what's
interesting to think about is the Bible says that someday when the Lord creates a kingdom, there's
gonna be a new language and I believe probably what'll it'll be is we'll go back to the pre-Fall
language. So whatever that is we'll find out in the future. But what it is, I don't know. But I hope they
don't have to decline their verbs and adjectives and...like the Greek. I know it won't be Greek. It
could never be Greek because in the Greek language, there's not one single regular verb in the entire
language (laughter), not one. So you have to memorize all the principle parts of every single verb in
the language. So it won't be Greek; I'm confident of that (laughter). Yiddish, maybe.
QUESTIONER: I have been sharing with my mother what the last series on Sunday mornings has
been about: The Divine Pattern for Marriage and Family. Okay. My mom is in Michigan. She has a
basic problem of not being able to accept the authority of Paul. She wants to just deal with what
Jesus' teachings were. And, like, her Bible just has all of that in red and the rest, I don't know what
she deals with.
JOHN: Mm-hmm.
QUESTIONER: But she wants to reject Paul, I think, basically because of the line submit...wives
submit to your husbands. I just need to understand Paul's authority.
JOHN: Okay. Acts, chapter 9: "Saul, breathing out threatening and slaughter against the disciples of
the Lord, went to the high priest and desired of him letters to Damascus to the synagogues that if he
found any of this way, whether they were men or women, he might bring them bound to Jerusalem."
And so here he goes to Damascus to kill the Christians. He's on his way. All of the sudden,
"suddenly there shone around him a light from Heaven, he fell to the earth, heard a voice saying unto
him, 'Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou Me?'" Now, who's talking? Who was he persecuting?...Christ.
Who's talking?...Christ. What does he say?.."Who art thou, Lord? And the Lord said, I am Jesus
whom thou persecutest." Paul said, "Lord, what will you have me to do? And the Lord said, you arise
and go into the city and it shall be told thee what thou shalt do." And so the Lord says, I'm gonna give
you the orders. "And then the Lord said to him," in verse 11 "arise and go into the street called
Straight, inquire in the house of Judas for one called Saul of Tarsus," this is Ananias, and Ananias
comes and he finds Saul and then verse 15. Here's the key. This is Jesus' instruction to Saul of
Tarsus or Paul. "Go thy way, for he is a chosen vessel unto Me to bear my name before the Gentiles
and kings and the children of Israel. For I will show him how great things he must suffer for my
name's sake. And Ananias went his way and entered into the house, and putting his hands on Saul
he said, Brother Saul, the Lord, even Jesus that appeared unto thee in the way as thou camest, hath
sent me that thou mightest receive thy sight and be filled with the Holy Spirit." And verse 20 says,
"And immediately he preached Christ in the synagogues that He is the Son of God. And all that
heard him were amazed and said, 'Is not this he that destroyed them who called on His name' and so
forth. Verse 22, "Saul increased the more in strength, confounded the Jews that dwelt at Damascus,
proving that this is the very Christ."
Now the point is this. There you have the commissioning of Paul. Who commissioned him?...Jesus,
Himself. So if you're gonna argue about the authority of Paul, you're gonna argue with Christ. So if
she accepts the Word of Christ, take her to Acts 9 and hear what Christ says about Paul.
Father, thank you for our time tonight, for these dear people and every special life. We give you
praise. And help us, Lord, to know that all that we need to know is in Your Word...that we don't have
to fumble around trying to find the answers and we don't have to guess because all that we really
need to know is here in this Book and more, Father, than we can even handle. So help us to be
students first, and obedient servants second, and faithful witnesses to those that don't know Christ.
Give us a great week and bring us together on Your day with great anticipation. For the name of
Jesus Christ and His glory, we pray. Amen.


text:
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European Commission - Press release
Mergers: Commission opens in-depth investigation into the creation of a mobile commerce joint venture by UK mobile operators Telefónica, Vodafone and Everything Everywhere
Brussels, 13 April 2012 - The European Commission has opened an in-depth investigation under the EU Merger Regulation into the proposed creation of a joint venture in the UK between Vodafone, Telefónica and Everything Everywhere in the field of mobile commerce. The Commission's preliminary investigation indicated potential competition concerns in the nascent markets of mobile payment applications supply (so-called "mobile wallets"), mobile advertising and related data analytics services, where the joint venture may have very high market shares. The opening of an in-depth inquiry does not prejudge the final result of the investigation. The Commission now has 90 working days, until 27 August 2012, to take a final decision on whether the proposed transaction would reduce effective competition in the European Economic Area (EEA).
"The Commission is in favour of any initiative that will develop the promising mobile commerce sector in Europe and bring new and innovative payment and interactive advertising experience to consumers. At the same time, we need to make sure that competing services can keep emerging on this market, so that incentives to innovate remain and customers get the best mobile commerce services at the best cost." said Joaquín Almunia, Commission Vice President in charge of Competition policy.
The Commission's initial investigation revealed that the joint venture and its three parent companies may have the technical and commercial ability and incentive to block future competitors from offering their own mobile wallet services to customers in the UK, or to degrade the quality of these competing mobile wallets so that they become less attractive.
The Commission will now investigate the proposed acquisition in-depth to determine whether these initial concerns are confirmed or not.
The transaction was notified to the Commission on 6 March 2012.
Background on companies and markets
Telefónica UK, Vodafone UK, and Everything Everywhere – a joint venture created by the merger of T-Mobile UK and Orange UK that was cleared by the Commission in March 2010 - are three of the four mobile network operators in the UK.
The newly created joint venture would provide various mobile commerce services to businesses, including mobile payment transaction services, mobile marketing services, and associated data analytics services.
Merger control rules and procedures
The Commission has the duty to assess mergers and acquisitions involving companies with a turnover above certain thresholds (see Article 1 of the Merger Regulation) and to prevent concentrations that would significantly impede effective competition in the EEA or any substantial part of it.
The vast majority of mergers do not pose competition problems and are cleared after a routine review. From the moment a transaction is notified, the Commission generally has a total of 25 working days to decide whether to grant approval (Phase I) or to start an in-depth investigation (Phase II).
There are currently five other phase II investigations. The first one concerns the planned acquisition of Synthes by Johnson and Johnson, both US companies active in the area of orthopaedic medical devices (see IP/11/1306), with a deadline set for 26 April 2012. The second was opened in November 2011 into the proposed acquisition of control over the sugar trader ED&F MAN by the German sugar and molasses producer Südzucker (see IP/11/1327), with a deadline set for 22 May 2012. The third ongoing phase II investigation relates to the planned acquisition of joint control over a branch of the Italian state-owned ferry group Tirrenia by Compagnia Italiana di Navigazione of Italy (see IP/12/29). The deadline for a decision in the latter case was suspended under Article 11(3) of the Merger Regulation from 13 February 2012 to allow the parties to submit the necessary information for the assessment of the transaction. The fourth ongoing phase II investigation was opened in March into the proposed acquisition of EMI's recorded music business by Universal (see IP/12/311). The deadline for this investigation is 8 August 2012. The fifth ongoing phase II investigation, also opened in March, concerns the proposed acquisition of control over Goodrich by United Technology in the aviation equipment sector (see IP/12/308), with a deadline set for 9 August 2012.
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MSRA's Back to The 50's
From what I hear, the '50s were great times. Cars and trucks were being designed to have style and function. The potential to create your own American dream was at an all-time high. Work hard, start a family, buy a house or something like that, right?
Now we are stuck in an age where social media rules over human interaction. Things like iPhones, social networking sites, email, and the Internet are all great things, but only if you moderate your time spent using them. According to data from a 2010 www.comscoredatamine.com poll I found, the average person 45-54 years old spends 39 hours on the Internet per month. Compare that to an 18-24-year-old person who waists seven hours less doing the same thing.
My point is, what if you could go back to your childhood, or if you're around my age, visit a time that your parents said was better? I didn't travel back in time by any means, but it sure felt that way.
The Back to the 50's is held by the MSRA at the beautiful Minnesota State Fairgrounds in St. Paul. This is the place you want to travel to, not because it's a normal parking lot type fairgrounds, but because it has really nice surroundings. Trees are everywhere you look and the buildings reminded me of that old hand-craftsmanship and wealth.
The first day I arrived, the event promoter and staff kindly scooted me around the massive fairgrounds via golf cart. That is when I got a chance to take everything in. The only regret I had about riding on the golf cart was my emails kept coming in, and of course, my lack of willpower kicked in and I checked each one of them.
By Saturday morning I was getting more into the spirit of things and the storm of classic cars and trucks came in like a flashflood. One minute the fairgrounds was empty, the next minute there were vehicles around every corner. The streets were also filled with vendors with just about every truck part you could imagine and the smell of sweet BBQ sauce filled the far corners of the fairgrounds.
Time was spent walking around looking for feature vehicles and cool trucks to put in our show coverage, but I must be getting old because I needed to rest my feet. That break came in the form of driving Tim Tullo's pickup truck around the fairgrounds with Brent VanDervort of Fatman Fabrication riding shotgun. With the A/C blasting, Brent and I took in all the scenery and with a giant smile on my face I said to Brent, "Now this is fun, I'm having a great time." I realized that it took something more than just looking at the cool classics; it was about driving one and living in the moment. At that point my cell phone was turned off and the rest was history. Get it? Lol.


text:
Chris Bosh on The Decision: 'We all Make Mistakes'
Looking back on last year's free agency and "The Decision," do you look back and think it could have been done differently or do you just own up to it? Chris Bosh: "I say you own up to it. We all make mistakes. I think anybody would be kidding themselves if they thought they were perfect at anything.
HoopsVibe's Very Quick Call: So, Chris Bosh believes LeBron James made a mistake with The Decision.
Well, left-handed power forwards in glass houses shouldn`t throw stones, right Bosh?
In an interview, Bosh indirectly said James slipped up last summer by announcing on ESPN he was 'taking his talent to South Beach' and leaving the Cleveland Cavaliers for the Miami Heat.
James admitted as much last year, although he couldn't, or wouldn't, say what he'd have done differently.
Equally as damaging to the Heat was Bosh, James, and Dwyane Wade's collective decision to announce their arrival the way teams celebrate a championship.
The Three Kings held a massive party, and acted more like rock stars than NBA superstars. A sold out stadium of Heat faithful cheered. To be fair, James was the one who predicted multiple championships.
Bosh`s arrogance at this pre-emeptive celebration - along with James and Wade's surliness - turned off fans outside Florida and solidified the Heat's status as villains.
From that moment the Heat was public enemy number one. And they have yet to get the bulls-eye off their back.
--Oly Sandor.
Got thoughts? Well, get at HoopsVibe News in the comment box below.


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A moose was on the loose Thursday in the middle of a busy neighborhood.
He decided to take an early stroll in Ontario, Canada.
The moose appeared to take a liking to one home in particular, settling down in the yard for hours.
The homeowner was a bit shocked to find the animal outside his door.
"It was, (we) found it there this morning, and we waited around for somebody to come and remove it," said Lloyd Readman. "Nobody has come yet, so we went grocery shopping, and when we came back, here's all the police cars blocking it off."
The animal was tranquilized, moved and released into the wild.


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酒店所在地 悉尼
Sydney is Australia's largest city. It is one of the few global metropolises that can also lay claim to pristine beaches and vibrant national parks. Its harbour has been called the most beautiful harbour in the world.
Sydney is often ranked highly according to global quality of life surveys. In 2012, the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked Sydney 7th in the world for liveability.
Home to about 4.5 million people – that's one in five Australians – Sydney is the capital of the south-eastern state of New South Wales. Most of its residents live in an urban sprawl over 4,000 square kilometres, which is the same size as London.
The world-famous Sydney Opera House and Harbour Bridge flank Sydney's beautiful harbour and act as an entry port to the city's central business district of high-rise office blocks, hotels and restaurants.
Just a short drive or ferry ride from here will take you to some of the world's cleanest and prettiest beaches, such as Bondi Beach in the east or Manly Beach in the north. The Sydney metropolitan area is littered with some quality national parks, home to some of Australia's unique flora and fauna. At Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park in Sydney's north, you can see important historical Aboriginal sites as well as swamp wallabies, echidnas and pelicans.
Sydney has a pleasant temperate climate with an annual average temperature of 21 degrees Celsius.
When to go:
Sydney can be visited year-round, but the best weather is from September to April.
- Climb to the top of the Harbour Bridge. The organised Bridge Climb will guide you to the summit of the bridge, 134 metres above Sydney Harbour, where you'll have spectacular views of Sydney.
- Wander around Circular Quay, the central focus of Sydney Harbour. Here, you can catch a ferry to Manly Beach on Sydney's northern beaches or to Watson's Bay at Sydney's eastern tip for a dip in the ocean or some fish and chips. If that's not your thing, catch a ferry over to Luna Park and get your thrills on the rollercoaster.
- Catch a ferry to Taronga Zoo to discover some of Australia's wonderful native animals and many more from around the world. The seafront zoo on Sydney's north shore also has wonderful views of the city.
- Take a tour around Sydney Opera House or catch one of its many daily shows. Its restaurant, Guillaume at Bennelong, is one of Sydney's best restaurants with awe-inspiring views.
- Have a picnic in the Royal Botanic Gardens and afterwards walk across to the Art Gallery of NSW to see its fine collection of colonial and 19th century Australian art as well as some of the European masters.
- Take a day trip to the Blue Mountains for hiking or to the Hunter Valley for wine tasting.
- Eat in one of the Sydney's many fine restaurants to discover the unique Australian cuisine, which combines influence from its European heritage and Southeast Asian neighbours.


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By Janice Wood
AUSTIN, Texas — The Texas General Aviation Caucus met for the first time last week.
"This is an opportunity to provide members of the Texas legislature information on the importance of general aviation in their local communities," said State Representative John Kuempel (R-Seguin), who chaired the meeting. "General aviation provides over $15 billion in economic impacts to Texas and over 56,000 jobs – it's an industry we need to protect and expand."
Senator Troy Fraser, (R- District 24) was elected Vice Chair, Rep. John Frullo (R-Lubbock) and Rep Ralph Sheffield (R-Temple) are also sharing in leadership roles. Representatives in attendance included Rep. Burnam, Rep. Kleinschmidt, Rep. Doc Anderson and Rep. Raney.
Dave Fulton, Director of Aviation for the State of Texas, made the Caucus' first presentation regarding the importance of general aviation airports. "The state of Texas has over 350 public use airports, of which only 26 serve airlines. GA airports allow us access to areas otherwise hard to get to, like West Texas, and provide not only economic benefits but quality of life benefits with higher paying jobs, life flight, fire fighting capabilities and other services."
The non-partisan group, though just formed, already has close to 20 lawmakers participating from all across the state.
"We are excited about the formation of the GA Caucus and hope that our organization will be a resource to the members," stated John White, president of Texans for General Aviation.
Texans for General Aviation is a statewide non-profit organization formed for the purposes of promoting and protecting General Aviation at the state and local level and encouraging careers in General Aviation to students throughout the state. Membership consists of pilots, non pilots, government officials, teachers, airport managers, FBO owners and others.


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UCL Anthropology studies humanity in all its aspects: from our evolution as a species, to our relationship with the material world, and our vast variety of social behaviours.
Our department is one of only a few broad based anthropology departments in the UK comprised of four sub-sections including Biological Anthropology, Social Anthropology, Material Culture and Medical Anthropology. Our teaching and research reflects the breadth and depth of this cross and interdisciplinary approach.
UCL is one of the world's top universities and our department is the highest ranked broad-based department in the UK.
Our research expertise covers over 60 countries and the whole human story from our earliest origins to today's digital age. With over 40 academic and teaching staff, 500 students and 16 different degree programmes on offer, UCL is a great place to learn the art and science of studying people.
UCL Anthropology is consistently considered to be amongst the top universities in the world, as indicated by the QS World University Subject Rankings (2019: rank 5).


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Tani USA
At Tani USA
Our SilkCut Hip Hugger Panty is luxuriously soft and lightweight, yet extraordinarily resilient to keep up with whatever the day brings. Tani USA makes the best underwear for women. Knit in Europe with the brilliant fabric Micro Modal® Air, it is actually thinner and even softer than silk. And Tani is the first and only underwear brand to use this innovative fabric. Despite it's remarkable soft feel, the SilkCut collection stretches and recovers as it lightly forms and shapes to your body in a level of comfort and style you will definitely get used to.


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Disc Makers has launched its new Quote-O-Matic feature on its website, giving replication customers access to instant, custom quotes from the convenience of their home computer--24 hours a day, seven days a week. Quote-O-Matic takes customers through the entire CD or DVD project from packaging options and quantity to graphic design, mastering, and printing. Quotes can be saved, e-mailed, and modified the next time you come back to the site.
Quote-O-Matic also allows customers to compare various packaging and printing options. Disc Makers offers automated printers and duplicating systems as well as complete CD and DVD replication and custom packaging for independent musicians, filmmakers, and businesses. The company also offers custom design, packaging, distribution, and financing. To try Disc Makers' Quote-O-Matic website, go to http://quote.discmakers.com.


text:
I don't have specific KPI's to monitor profitability on projects
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Project managers don't have access to real time project information
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The overall project management is a difficult and tedious process
There is no current link between my project management tool and my financial system
Abak360 is a complete solution which centralizes timesheets, expenses, invoicing, project costs management, resource planning and document management in one simple yet powerful package.
Abak 360 triggers configurable alerts when a project has reached or is about to reach a critical situation. You are kept informed and thus can take action to correct on time any project drift.


text:
C-Media CMI8738/CMI8338 WDM 5.12.01.0639 driver download
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