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SALISBURY, MD – The 17th ranked Salisbury University Sea Gulls downed York College 5-1 in the second round of the Capital Athletic Conference softball tournament on Thursday afternoon in Salisbury, MD. The loss ends the Spartans' stay in the tournament as they dropped a pair in the double elimination tournament.
The Sea Gulls improve to 33-5 overall as they advance to the weekend portion of the tournament 2-0. The Spartans fall to 11-21 overall.
The Gulls opened the scoring in the second courtesy of a Casey Zaino RBI double as the hosts took the early advantage.
York answered with a single run of their own in the top of the third as Hannah Hugel singled, moved to second on a ground out and scored on an error by Salisbury.
The Gulls took the lead in the fourth as they put together four runs on four hits including a solo home run by Erika Brittingham to break the tie. Harley Hill added a two-run single in the inning.
Brittingham would also get the job done in the circle as she allowed just two hits. Brittingham retired 13 of the final 14 batters she faced en route to earning her 18th win of the year. She struck out nine and walked just one in her complete game victory.
Senior Brittany Therres threw the ball well but suffered the loss as she allowed five runs, four earned, on nine hits with a strikeout. She falls to 10-13 with the setback.
Hill led the Gulls with two hits and a pair of RBI while Brittingham and Zaino each added two hits, an RBI and a run scored.
Hugel and Brittany Schlorff had the Spartans' two hits while Hugel scored York's lone run.
The Spartans continue their regular season on Tuesday, April 24 as they host Franklin & Marshall College in a non-conference doubleheader. Game one first pitch is set for 3:30 pm.
Brittany Therres photo courtesy of Jenny Hinkel – Athletic Communications student photographer.


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First Clinical Research provides clinical research best practices information to help sponsors, sites and CROs operate more effectively and efficiently.
The Journal of Clinical Research Best Practices has attracted over 100,000 subscribers with over 1,900 practical, insightful and sometimes controversial articles. Subscribe free today.
Our 10 free directories list over 3,000 players in the clinical research industry.
The resources section of our website has lots of free, practical information, such as searchable databases of regulatory documents, FDA answers to GCP questions, and clinical research glossaries.
Norman M. Goldfarb, Managing Director, founded and chairs MAGI, a broadly-based collaborative industry effort to streamline the process of conducting clinical trials by standardizing best practices.
Without clinical research, there would be no new medicines, medical devices, diagnostic tests, or medical equipment. Despite its critical role to humanity, clinical research is plagued by inefficiency and miscommunication. Our mission is thus to advance the conduct of clinical research by standardizing best practices. As Benjamin Franklin said, "We must all hang together, or assuredly we shall all hang separately." Let's work together to save lives.
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By Cristina Goyanes
The U.S. surgeon general, Regina Benjamin, MD, knows how hard it is to squeeze exercise into a busy schedule. In the year since she took office, she's been on the road three to four days a week. But still she manages to make time to work out, and she's determined to help all Americans do the same. "Exercise is the new medicine. It will make you feel a lot better," says Dr. Benjamin, who puts on her sneakers and walks around the airport when she's between flights. "If you do 30 minutes a day, you get so many benefits."
To launch her get-moving mission, last January she released "The Surgeon General's Vision for a Healthy and Fit Nation," her grassroots plan for combating the obesity epidemic. Among other things, she has called on employers to encourage physical activity through group classes at work, on physicians to talk to patients about how their weight can affect their health, and on families to become more active and limit TV viewing to two hours a day.
"I want to move from a negative conversation about disease to a positive conversation about being healthy and fit," Dr. Benjamin explains. "We need to stop bombarding people with what they can't do and start talking about what they enjoy doing." Take walking, one of Dr. Benjamin's favorite activities: Last June in Baltimore, she kicked off an initiative called the Surgeon General's Walk for a Healthy and Fit Nation, the first of many such walks she will do with citizens throughout the country. Off the clock, she's an avid hiker who did a rim-to-rim trek through the Grand Canyon last fall.
To set the nation on a path to better health, Dr. Benjamin is heading a council of government experts to develop a national prevention strategy that will be released in March. "This is the first time that the entire government is attempting to make it easier for Americans to be healthy," she says. "It has become everyone's issue."
Compassionate Medicine: Roseanna Means, MD
By Lisa Haney
As a hiker and climber, Roseanna Means, MD, knows how to overcome obstacles. So when female patients weren't showing up at the Boston clinic for the homeless where she worked as the medical director, she started Women of Means, a brigade of volunteer doctors who donate $500,000 worth of medical care to 2,500 women and their children at 10 shelters every year. The women are also taught good nutrition, given pedometers and encouraged to walk, and offered yoga and dance classes. "Here are women who have lost everything, but they're dancing; it sends tingles down my spine," says Dr. Means, a clinical associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. "One stereotype we're happy to smash is that poor people don't care about their health."
Her own share of hard luck, including domestic violence, the death of a child, and cancer, helps Dr. Means connect with the women. In 2007 she had surgery to replace both knees. Her next goal is to climb Kilimanjaro with a group of women who have had joint replacements. We have no doubt she'll make it happen, by any means necessary.
The Wheel Deal: Chris Carney
By Cristina Goyanes
Ideas cooked up at a bar generally don't hold much water. But Chris Carney's suggestion several years ago was a keeper. After hosting a fund-raiser for a wounded soldier, the personal trainer and amateur cyclist from East Hampton, New York, impulsively offered to do a solo coast-to-coast charity bike ride to raise more money. Word of his Soldier Ride spread quickly, and the Wounded Warrior Project (WWP), a nonprofit dedicated to helping injured veterans, invited him to Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, D.C., to meet the servicemen he would be biking for. "The first thing that hit me was their youth," Carney says. "These guys were all in their early twenties. It affected me tremendously." In August 2004 he set out on an almost 5,000-mile route from Montauk, New York, to San Diego.
Before Carney ended his journey on October 7, Heath Calhoun and Ryan Kelly, two wounded veterans who rode with him in Denver, were already planning his second ride, for 2005; they accompanied him the entire trip. By 2006, Carney had raised nearly $4 million — and lifted the spirits of scores of injured men and women. "Soldier Ride opened my eyes to what my life could be like by not letting my disability define me," says Dan Nevins, a wounded vet. Now executive vice president of events for WWP, Nevins oversees Soldier Rides in 14 states that are open to everyone. Carney is focusing on ways to expand the program. "There are people in warrior transition units all over the world," Nevins says. "Why can't we take Soldier Ride there? That's what Chris continues to pioneer."
Budding Genius: Donna Cavato
By Cristina Goyanes
Walk onto the grounds of the Samuel J. Green Charter School in New Orleans and you'll see a big, beautiful organic garden; an outdoor classroom; a composting station; a greenhouse; and a citrus grove. This green oasis, which was once covered with asphalt and flooded with five feet of water after Hurricane Katrina, is Louisiana's first-ever Edible Schoolyard (ESY), an educational gardening program. Nearly five years ago ESY program director Donna Cavato, along with a landscape architect, led a group that included teachers, students, and neighbors in designing the teaching garden. "It was a therapeutic process for the kids to rebuild this campus that wasn't in great shape even before Katrina," Cavato says. The garden now yields about 2,600 pounds of produce every school year. The children regularly work in the garden, and the chef-teachers on Cavato's staff show them how to use the produce they grow to prepare healthy dishes that taste good. The result: Kids who never ate fruits and vegetables now love the cafeteria's salad bar. "Teaching young children the pleasures of enjoying delicious, seasonal foods will have a lifelong impact on their health and happiness," Cavato says.
Tough-Love Trainer: Jillian Michaels
By Patty Adams Martinez
She's been called a drill sergeant, but Jillian Michaels wants you to know that she doesn't have a mean bone in her body. "When people are being self-destructive, it's usually unconscious," she has said. "And so I create confrontations, interventions, where they can become aware of unhealthy choices they're making and the reasons they're making them. Do you know how easy it would be to tell people what they want to hear? Unfortunately, it doesn't get the job done." And Michaels always gets the job done. Millions tune in to watch her on The Biggest Loser and Losing It with Jillian, and they buy her best-selling books, exercise DVDs, video games, and nutritional supplements.
A self-proclaimed perfectionist, Michaels formed her tough-love approach to fitness at age 14, when she was "the chubby ugly duckling who ate lunch alone every day. Karate saved my life," Michaels has said. It helped her slim down and gave her discipline and confidence. Going through her own personal transformation taught her what works with others — namely, setting goals that make people really want to change. "Feeling good in a bathing suit, or seeing your grandchildren graduate from high school: Those things are worth it," Michaels has said. "It's not just about being fat and then being thin. When you're healthy physically, you're healthy in every aspect of life."
Healing Force: Kathryn Schmitz, PhD
By Lisa Haney
For cancer patients the medical advice about exercise used to be: Rest. Don't push yourself. Now, thanks to an international team of experts led by Kathryn Schmitz, PhD, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) has issued guidelines strongly endorsing exercise for cancer patients and survivors and begun certifying specialized cancer exercise trainers. A pioneer who has been researching the benefits of strength training for breast cancer survivors for more than a decade, Schmitz, associate professor of epidemiology at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, says exercise improves quality of life and empowers women to reconnect with their bodies. "We're seeing physiological changes," she says, including improved strength and fitness, stronger bones, and decreased fatigue. Still, many oncologists are too focused on treating cancer to prescribe exercise. "The only way that cancer patients are going to get it is by demanding that their physicians give them access to it," Schmitz says. "The ACSM recommendations are a key first step in providing doctors with guidance and support."
Class Act: John Skretta
By Bethany Gumper
Stop by any school in the Norris School District 160 in Firth, Nebraska, after lunch and you'll see students engaged in a unique lesson plan: Calorie-Blasting 101. Superintendent John Skretta initiated twice-a-day 10-minute activity sessions during which fitness DVDs stream to the school's closed-circuit TV station. Teachers turn on the tube and do jumping jacks, sit-ups, and planks with the kids.
Only 4 percent of elementary schools, 8 percent of middle schools, and 2 percent of high schools offer daily phys ed classes, according to a national study. That's why Skretta, a member of the Lincoln Ice Hockey Association and a runner with six marathons under his belt, was thrilled when a 2004 federal law required all schools to enact a student health and wellness policy by the start of the 2006 school year. He partnered with the Alliance for a Healthier Generation, a nonprofit founded by the American Heart Association and the William J. Clinton Foundation to combat childhood obesity, and since then he has overhauled the district's phys ed programs and pushed teachers to rethink the way they do their jobs. "The traditional method of instruction — lecturing for hours while kids sit and absorb information like sponges — isn't healthy for students' minds or bodies," Skretta says. In addition to the daily breaks at 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., each school period starts with a Jammin' Minute, in which synchronized dancing gets students' hearts pumping.
The staff has gotten in on the action too, by means of walking and running clubs, and the high school hosts a local walk/run for the community on the first Saturday of each month. "My goal is for parents and the community to view the school as a place where families can be active together," Skretta says. We say he deserves a gold star.
Action Heroine: Jessica Biel
By Patty Adams Martinez
She's been in plenty of adventure movies, but Jessica Biel's favorite role is the take-action crusader she plays off-screen. "I feel it's important to stand up for what you believe in," the actress has said. Biel has hosted and participated in Revlon Run/Walks for breast and ovarian cancer (her grandmother is a breast cancer survivor), and she's also a defender of the environment. Biel made headlines last January by climbing Kilimanjaro to raise awareness of the global water crisis. She credits her love of exercise to her childhood in Boulder, Colorado. "For me, being athletic and active is a way of life," she says. No surprise, then, that Biel has set her sights on climbing to one of the base camps on Mount Everest. As she puts it, "I would encourage anyone who has a voice to get behind something that makes sense for them."
Social Networker: Chris Downie
By Cristina Goyanes
Inspired by his own healthy makeover in his twenties and by helping a colleague lose 50 pounds, Chris Downie came up with an innovative way to turn those aha moments, or "sparks," into a business. In 2001 he launched SparkPeople.com, an online community whose mission is to help people reach their health goals. Today, with 9 million users, it is the largest diet and fitness website in the United States, and features health tips, online tools like fitness trackers, workout videos, and recipes — all free. "Helping someone else be successful helps you stick to your own goals," Downie says. "It truly changes your life."
Food Revolutionary: Jamie Oliver
By Cristina Goyanes
Rotisserie chicken. Steamed broccoli. Fresh fruit salad. Those are just some of the healthy foods being served in the Cabell County school district in Huntington, West Virginia, thanks to chef Jamie Oliver, whose Emmy Award-winning TV show, Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution, helped overhaul lunch menus that were filled with processed, fatty fare. "Learning about food and how to cook are important life skills," Oliver says. "We have a responsibility to teach our kids these skills." He has made great strides in England, his home country: After hundreds of thousands of people signed his online petition calling for better food for kids, the government announced an almost $1 billion investment to improve nutrition in schools. Last year Oliver started a similar petition in the United States that has more than 622,000 signatures; he plans to present it to Congress. Now, after recently winning a $100,000 award from TED, a nonprofit that helps advance world-changing ideas, Oliver is working to educate families about healthy eating through community cooking programs. "A little food knowledge goes a long way," he says. "I want people to be armed with the skills to make healthy changes."


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Political Science
The department of political science seeks to make the study of politics and international relations an integral part of the liberal education of Beloit students, providing a coherent, comprehensive introduction to the discipline of political science for them. To further these purposes, faculty actively engage in the political world and scholarship about it, and the department offers courses that encourage the thoughtful consideration of political aims, institutions, processes and problems. These include the exploration of power, conflict, peace, citizenship, and justice from diverse perspectives. Introductory courses are designed to equip students for responsible, effective participation in civic life and public affairs in local to global contexts. For students who major or minor in the program, the department offers opportunities for more specialized study in government and politics as a foundation for graduate education and future vocations in law, government, journalism, teaching, activism, and other public service careers. The department works to strengthen the College as a whole by participating responsibly in its intellectual life, its core programs, and through service.
The Major
Course requirements for a major concentration in political science are deliberately flexible. We believe that the best preparation for careers, as well as for the rest of life, is the perspective and depth afforded by an authentic liberal arts and sciences education.
The focus of the political science major ensures that students acquire the tools necessary to study politics and an emphasis is placed on courses in philosophical logic, languages, and statistics. Students are asked to take nine courses in political science, one unit in economics, one unit in history, and two units from philosophy 100, any non-native language, or any statistics.
An experiential learning component is also included in the major, with students expected to engage in off-campus study, to conduct an independent research project, or to participate in an internship program. In choosing courses, as well as other learning experiences, the student works closely with an advisor from the department.
The department also offers a minor concentration in political science.
After graduation, some majors move directly to positions in business, government service, politics, or teaching. Most, however, proceed first to further professional education—whether in law (recent examples include Cornell, Wisconsin, Michigan); in public administration and policy (Harvard, Minnesota, Princeton); in Ph.D. programs in political science (Chicago, Wisconsin, Oxford); or journalism (Texas, Missouri). Historically, the department has had particular success in educating people for college teaching, foreign service, law, and public affairs.
Professional Exploration
Beyond conventional course work, political science students enjoy many other modes of learning. The department offers its advanced students opportunities for study in special seminars as well as supervised individual research. We bring prominent political leaders to campus and the classroom. Some of our majors administer an informal student-faculty study and social group, discussing current political problems. During election years, students work in the campaigns of local or national candidates.
Beloit offers a vast range of learning possibilities beyond the campus. Each year we send several students to the nation's capital, for first hand study of American political processes in the Washington Semester program. Working internships with local judges and the public defender's office are available during regular on campus terms. Recent field term experiences have included staff assignments with the Wisconsin legislature. Beloit also offers a variety of overseas study opportunities administered by the World Outlook Program.


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Charcuterie at Galvin HOP
Try our incredible charcuterie board - rich in ingredients from the UK, Italy, France and Spain - whose secrets have often been handed down in families for generations and where the geography, dry mountain air, natural marble baths for lard and climate all dictate the curing process.
The board selection includes produce fromThe Ham and Cheese Co,a delightful couple-owned business near Bermondsey Railway arches. They carefully source small Italian artisans that offer incredibly flavoursome ham and cheese. And also from Lyon - known as the belly of France - we select produce from our friend Colette 'Coco' Sibilia, who has one of the best charcuterie counters in all of France.
The Charcuterie counter at Galvin HOP offers simple boards for one or more to share, and will also include boards containing farmhouse cheeses which are ideal for having at the bar or table. With our new wine list made up of wines on tap, natural wines and a choice from HOP's big sister Galvin La Chapelle's list of over 300 wines, you will find the perfect accompaniment to our charcuterie boards.
To make a reservation please call 020 7299 0404 or email email@example.com


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Sketsa is a cross platform vector drawing application based on SVG. Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is a graphics format and technology based on XML developed by W3C. With Sketsa, you can create vector graphics that can be scaled and printed at any resolution, without losing detail or clarity. You also can get instant visual feedback on what you changed.
Sketsa features various tools for optimizing content creation, giving designers unsurpassed support for creativity. This tools include property palette, source editor, defs editor, SVG specific shape tools, transformation tools, and additional illustration tools. It uses SVG as a native file format.
SVG Native File Format
Sketsa uses SVG as its native file format. SVG is an open-standard language for describing two-dimensional (2D) graphics in XML developed by W3C. As being a XML grammar lets SVG benefit from the various XML tools that make it so easy to manipulate, generate, search and edit SVG files.
Tool Palette and Canvas
Its visual design tools allows designer to select, draw, and edit objects easily. It support SVG specific shape tools: , , , , . It also support additional illustration tools such as Pencil tool for freeform shape and Pen tool for curve shape.
Object Property
Designer can quickly inspect and change object properties such as geometry, stroke, fill, or filter effect in one centralized location. In each of the category you can change the value and automatically shown in the canvas.
Source Editor
Sketsa provide access to the underlying source code of graphic files for experienced designers. The integrated XML text editor allows them to view and edit SVG source code directly. It has built in SVG validation to ensure source code change are valid SVG.
Resource Editor
It is a centralized location of resources for the current/selected SVG document. It is equivalent with the SVG elements. This is the place where object reuse is achieved.
Export to Raster or Bitmap
Sketsa allows you to export SVG artwork into raster image. It support JPEG and PNG.
DOM Editor
SVG specific shape tools , , , ,
Additional illustration tools: Pencil tool for freeform shape & Pen tool for curve shape
Basic Text support
Transformation tool: rotate, skew, scale, and translate
Rasterizer or export to JPEG and PNG
Written entirely in Java™
· Java 6 Update 13 or higher
· 1024 x 768, 16-bit (thousands of colors) color display or higher
· Mouse or equivalent pointing device
What's new in Sketsa SVG Editor 6.5:
· Add Line Number for Source Editor
· Fix rendering glitch for move point
· Fix Undo/Redo name glitch (JPopupMenu)
· Fix installer for 64-bit
· Change Serial Number
· Various small enhancements
· Updated to use Netbeans Platform 6.9.1
· Updated to use Apache Batik (rev 1005017)
Homepage - http://www.kiyut.com/products/sketsa/index.html
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Dr. Winston Prakash
Doctor Detail :
Dr. Winston Prakash is a Ophthalmologist in Banjara Hills, Hyderabad
Speciality Alias
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Few countries have more potential for solar power than Mexico. However, the country´s solar energy sector has yet to evolve beyond its infancy.
The scorching hot Sonora Desert in Northern Mexico isn´t exacty a hospitable place for human beings, but some consider it a goldmine. According to experts, a mere 25 square kilometers could provide enough solar energy to supply Mexico´s 114 million inhabitants with electricity.
Mexico is the perfect place to invest in solar energy; Global Horizontal Irradiation (GHI) averages approximately 5 kWh/m2/day. In fact, a June 2009 GTZ report indicated that 0,06% of Mexico´s national territory would be sufficient to generate the entire electricity consumption of the country.
Moreover, Mexico has an open economy, which has shown remarkable resilience despite a severe backlash from the international crisis in 2009. Growth amounted to 3,8% last year, with similar figures expected for 2013. Its geographical advantage as the United States´ nextdoor neighbor and its plethora of free trade agreements attract investors from across the globe.
To get those investors to turn their attention to solar is one of the main topics of SolarPlaza´s El Futuro Solar: Mexico conference, held in February in Mexico City. Such a boost in interest is certainly welcome, because for all its mouthwatering potential, Mexico´s potential is still largely untapped; in 2011 solar power only amounted to one per cent of the country´s energy matrix.
"We´re at the very beginning of formalizing the market¨, explains Carlos Flores, CEO of Conermex, a Mexico City-based company specialized in renewable energy solutions. He will be one of the speakers at El Futuro Solar: Mexico.
According to mr. Flores, there are still few incentives for investors in terms of subsidies or injection tariffs. One of the problems is the cost of solar power for private users with high levels of consumption; the industrial sector pays much less.¨
The administration of president Felipe Calderón, who left office in December, did make some headway in making the market more attractive. April last year, congress approved a clean energy law that requires renewable energy generation to grow to 35% of total output by 2024. Moreover, through the prestigious National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) the government is attempting to establish the exact solar potential the country actually has.
So far, solar development has largely focused on small scale projects providing rural communities with off-grid electricity, but interest in larger projects is growing.
Mexico boasts a robust manufacturing industry, exporting a whopping 350 bilion USD worth of consumer goods per year. With the United States as its neighbor and fellow member of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the manufacturing of solar panels is one of the major investments possibilities in years to come.
Still, manufacturing for other countries is only one step. Mexico´s domestic market also needs to be developed, which is why mr. Flores feels El Futuro Solar: Mexico is an important event. ,It´s important to tell the investors what´s going on, to give them precise information¨, he says. ,,In the end, we expect the cost to generate solar power to go down, while conventional means will become more expensive. It´s a very attractive market to invest in.¨
El Futuro Solar: Mexico will be held in Mexico City on February 28, as part of the International PV Trade Mission: Mexico. Carlos Flores will be joined by other speakers such as Gabriela da Rocha Oliviera (Head of Latin America Research and Analysis, Bloomberg New Energy Finance) and Robert Pfatischer (CEO of Meteocontrol)
Solarplaza.com is the independent global platform for knowledge, trade and events for the photovoltaic solar energy (PV) industry. Solarplaza is based in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and has already organized over 40 international solar conferences and trade missions, including in Chile, Brazil, United States, Taiwan, India, China, Italy, Germany, South Africa and Spain


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Here's the bad news. You know all that "consultative selling" stuff that you've heard about? It doesn't work with CEOs.
Here's the good news. If you're selling something worthy of the attention of a top CEO, you can probably get a face-to-face meeting... if you go about it the right way.
Consultative selling consists of questioning techniques, needs analysis, and product positioning. It's intended to help professional purchasers and lower level managers sort out and select products based upon features, functions, and price.
CEOs, however, are interested in corporate strategy, revenue, and profitability. Unless they're running a very small company, CEOs hire lower-level managers to worry about tactical solutions to business problems. Therefore, the moment you try "consultative selling" with such a CEO, you'll be bounced down the chain to whoever is responsible for that particular function.
On the other hand, if you're proposing something higher level, such as a long term corporate alliance or strategic relationship that will affect the company's stock price or valuation, the CEO will definitely be interested in what you've got to say.
The trick is landing that kind of face-to-face meeting where a high-level discussion can take place. And that's what this post is about. According to Mark Shonka and Dan Kosch, co-authors of the excellent book, Beyond Selling Value, there are four ways to land a "strategic" face-to-face meeting with a CEO.
1. Have a prior relationship with the CEO.
This probably seems a bit obvious, but the easiest way to get a meeting with a CEO is if you already have a positive track record working with that CEO. In this case, you can simply request a meeting. However (and this is important), your request must be carefully couched so that it motivates the CEO to meet with you personally rather than delegate the meeting downwards. For example:
Ineffective: "I want to talk with you about your framistat needs." (CEO response: Talk to Bill in Purchasing")
Effective: "I want to discuss the possibility of a strategic alliance that might increase your overall revenue.
2. Obtain a personal introduction to the CEO.
This entails working your contacts (either inside or outside the CEO's firm) so that somebody who has a relationship with the CEO recommends that the CEO meet with you. However, before you ask your contact to set up a meeting, you must coach your contact to position the face-to-face meeting in a way that enhances your credibility. For example:
Ineffective: "Sue wants to talk to you about your framistat supply chain." (CEO response: Have her talk to Joe in Manufacturing.)
Effective: "Sue has some intriguing ideas for a long-term strategic alliance."
3. Use an event as a segue to a meeting.
If you attend a meeting where the CEO is present (e.g. such as a presentation or a conference), you can ask for a face-to-face meeting to discuss issues that are of particular interest to the executive. For example, if you're making a sales presentation to a group of managers in the firm, and the CEO is present, you can request a meeting with the CEO to discuss larger business issues, such as a strategic partnership.
4. Make a written request for a meeting.
As a last resort (only), write a letter describing why you would like to meet with the CEO personally. This letter must be crafted to communicate the case that your firm can provide enough value to warrant the executive's personal attention. Send it via Fedex rather than e-mail. Also, explain to the CEO's admin that you are about to send the letter and solicit the admin's help in seeing that the CEO opens and reads your letter.
This post originally appeared at Inc.
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mikewalters37 thanks! Will do :)
mikewalters37 thanks! Will do :)
Dad wants me to take photos of the Icelandic…
glaciers, geysers, volcanoes, northern lights, mountains, beautiful desolation supermarkets. Seriously.
Got the last few bits of rubbish out of what was my workshop, saw Jovian Salak (have fun in Nepal!), packed most of my luggage and got all the bits of paper required to get to Iceland together. Leaving tomorrow at 12 noon, flight at 8 in the evening. Probably spending the hours at the airport watching studio ghibli films.
Brennan Novak more or less :) As ready as I'm likely to be. See you in April! #iceland
6597 #steps today
Turns out that performing a GET request on a data URI from PHP works if file_get_contents is used, not if cURL is used. I wonder what support is like for other server side languages — using data URIs in
with could be the basis of some interesting #webactions.
13002 #steps today
#watching Princess Mononoke. Thankfully dad fell asleep a while ago and stopped giggling :/
Brennan Novak by WebKit you mean "Chrome", right? :)
Nice visualisation of XKCD Time: xkcd.aubronwood.com #bookmark #xkcd
9775 #steps yesterday
Josh Emerson yep, functions perfectly now — nice work :)
Laurent Eschenauer thanks for the heads-up, on closer inspection it looks like the problem is on your end — the URL in the
with attribute of the action element has that quote at the end
Jovian Salak thanks :) If anything it means I'm more likely to get work when I get back — people are starting to find me, which can only be a good thing.
Tantek Çelik side note: nice to see that they list attendee's URLs instead of twitter names :)
I hadn't checked my mentions for a few days, then I get this from Laurent Eschenauer and find that I've had pingbacks from some other people too! All of whom have chosen to mention me on their own domain. I am honoured. This stuff works :) #indieweb
Holed myself into my bedroom, now trying to watch spirited away on my iPad, surrounded by gurdies, half finished guitars and lutherie equipment. Eating cake and listening to Oscar flute in the other room.
#watching Spirited Away on film4
Is it a hallmark of Ghibli films that I don't remember the actual storyline, just small, nonsensical plot details — I.E. exactly the opposite of how remembering is supposed to work?


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by Lois A. Tully, Ph.D.
About the Author Dr. Tully is acting chief of the Investigative and Forensic Sciences Division at the National Institute of Justice.
In the past, the line between practitioners who work in a crime laboratory and researchers who work in a university lab or technology firm was always fairly bright. That line has begun to blur, however, as more and more practitioners take the initiative to perform inhouse research that leads to new forensic tools and technologies.
Although many practitioners who work on the front lines of criminal justice have compelling research ideas, these often must take a back seat to the reality in our Nation's crime labs, where shelves of evidence await testing and there is daily pressure from agencies and the communities they serve. Crime laboratory professionals may realize that research is the key to long-term solutions, but with limited resources and overwhelming caseloads, what can they do to move a great research idea from their heads to the laboratory bench?
In recent years, an increasing number of crime lab practitioners have received funding from such agencies as the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) to help them perform inhouse research. Here are a few of their stories.
Eric Buel, Ph.D., has seen forensic science progress from the days when identifying blood types was state-of-the-art to today, when DNA can be used to identify a person with virtual certainty. In 2000, Buel, who now serves as director of the crime lab at the Vermont Department of Public Safety, wanted to explore promising new technologies to improve the efficiency and efficacy of the human DNA quantification test, which determines if evidence collected from a crime scene is from a human and whether there is enough of it to develop a DNA profile. Buel's search for help led him to NIJ, which funded his development of a new human DNA quantification method.[1] Now his Vermont laboratory and other crime labs routinely use this method.
Tom Parsons, Ph.D., faced a similar dilemma. After several years of working with ancient DNA at the Smithsonian Institution, Parsons took a job at the Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFDIL), where he and his team were using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)[2] to identify the skeletal remains of soldiers killed in the Vietnam, Korean, and other wars. Some of the remains, having been exposed to environmental elements for many years, had severely damaged DNA. As a result, even the most sophisticated mtDNA technologies could not always yield sufficient information to make an identification. Nevertheless, Parsons believed it was possible to boost the power of mtDNA and provide more complete profiles of the soldiers. He also knew that doing such research would take money, people, and many months of experiments. Parsons turned to NIJ, and with a grant, he and his fellow scientists at AFDIL explored a novel way to capture more information from mtDNA. This work helped identify the remains of several soldiers, including one killed in World War II.[3]
Heather Miller Coyle, Ph.D., had spent much of her academic career studying plant sciences, so she never thought that she would end up working in a crime lab. After completing her Ph.D. in plant molecular biology, she spent a few years in the pharmaceutical industry until—seeking a way to use her science background to better serve the public—she took a job as a criminalist in the DNA unit of the Connecticut Department of Public Safety. There, her supervisor encouraged her to look for ways to expand the lab's capabilities. This opened the door for Miller Coyle to team up with scientists from the University of New Haven and, with support from NIJ, explore technologies for plant DNA profiling that can assist in criminal investigations. Miller Coyle has since conducted a workshop to teach other crime lab personnel when and how to use the tools she developed under her NIJ grant.[4]
In recent years, the entire criminal justice community has benefited from research done inhouse by crime lab professionals like Buel, Parsons, and Miller Coyle through NIJ support. In the years since writing their NIJ grant proposals, these practitioners have published their research in peer-reviewed scientific journals, and more importantly, their contributions have been invaluable to the broader forensic DNA community.
NIJ's support of practitioners with promising research ideas goes well beyond DNA. The Institute's forensic research portfolio extends from arson to anthropology, handwriting to handguns, methamphetamine to maggots, and toxicology to trace evidence. Here are a few more examples of how NIJ grants are being used to foster practitioner research:
When people think of scientific research, they often think of work being performed in university laboratories or technology firms. Although these may be ideal settings for performing basic research to lay the foundations for future forensic technologies, crime lab practitioners have unique insight into the types of applied research that will provide long-term benefits to their everyday challenges. For example, crime lab professionals understand what it takes to create tools capable of withstanding scrutiny in the courtroom. The types of samples they receive also can prompt important research and development. Unlike samples that generally come into clinical or diagnostic labs, crime lab samples are often poor in quality or limited in amount. It is not unusual to receive a single hair that was found in a cap worn by a suspect or a piece of biological evidence that has been exposed to heat, humidity, or other damaging elements. Because of the limited quantity or poor condition of such a sample, a crime lab typically has only one attempt to perform the test and get a result that may provide a crucial lead in a criminal investigation.
Learn more about NIJ's forensic DNA research and development projects.
[note 1]Buel, E.,
Simple, Rapid, and Accurate Quantitation of Human DNA, final report submitted to the National Institute of Justice, August 2006 (NCJ 215340), available at
[note 2]Human DNA can be extracted from the nucleus of a cell and from another part of the cell called the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is present in hundreds to thousands of copies in each cell, making mtDNA analysis the most suitable method for testing samples that are old, degraded, or limited in quantity.
[note 3]Parsons, T.J.,
Mitochondrial DNA Genome Sequencing and SNP Assay Development for Increased Power of Discrimination, final report submitted to the National Institute of Justice, March 2006 (NCJ 213502), available at
[note 4]Miller Coyle, H., G. Shutler, L. Tully, E. Pagliaro, A. Harper, T. Palmbach, and H.C. Lee,
Validation of a DNA Method for the Individualization of Plant Evidence, final report submitted to the National Institute of Justice, November 2005 (NCJ 211999), available at
[note 5]Northrop, D.M., E.C. Person, and L.A. Knops,
Capillary Electrophoretic Analysis of Clandestine Methamphetamine Laboratory Evidence, final report submitted to the National Institute of Justice, 2005 (NCJ 219501), available at
[note 6]Herrin, G., H.H. McCurdy, W.H. Wall, and L. Holt,
Investigation of a Unique Adjunct to Enzyme Immunoassay in Order to Rapidly Perform First-Pass Screening for Drugs and Poisons in Postmortem Toxicology Cases, final report submitted to the National Institute of Justice, 2006 (NCJ 219502), available at
[note 7]Hamiel, J.S., and J.S. Yoshida, "Evaluation and Application of Polynomial Texture Mapping in the Area of Shoe and Impression Evidence,"
Journal of Forensic Identification 57 (3) (May/June 2007): 414-434.
[note 8]Timken, M.D., K.L. Swango, C. Orrego, M.D. Chong, and M.R. Buoncristiani,
Quantitation of DNA for Forensic DNA Typing by qPCR (quantitative PCR): Singleplex and Multiple Modes for Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genomes, and the Y Chromosome, final report submitted to the National Institute of Justice, June 2005 (NCJ 210302), available at
National Institute of Justice, 810 Seventh Street, NW, Washington, DC 20531


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Alternatively Gyromancye, Giromancy, and Giromantie.
From the Greek gyros ('ring, circle, spiral') and manteia ('divination'), it is the art and practice of divination by rounds or circles.
In the preferred method of Gyromancy, a circle was drawn upon the ground when the moon was in an appropriate astrological position. Special prayers or incantations were recited, and then a person or group of persons entered the circle and began walking in a circular motion until they fell to the ground from dizziness. Prophetic pronouncements were then initiated. In another version of this method, letters were drawn around the circle, and the letters against which the person or persons stumbled, or the direction of their fall, were supposed to spell out the prophetic message. Sometimes runic, astrological, occult or religious symbols were used instead of letters or numbers.
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Milford burst onto the 6-man scene in 1978, losing one game that season to Cherokee, the eventual champions, in the quarterfinals. In 1979, they went undefeated and won their first-ever state title against Cotton Center, 53-34. With a large number of lettermen and starters returning for the 1980 season, the Bulldogs were again poised to make a deep run again in the playoffs.
Milford only had 19 boys in high school that year and only 12 came out for football. But those 12 were amazingly talented; possessing size, speed and quickness that few teams could match on the 6-man level.
Chief among those players was senior Stanley Cook, who head coach Roger Goode called the best all-around athlete on the team. Sophomore Tracy Hightower and senior Lawrence Matthews were also very talented and those three together in the backfield for Milford was almost unstoppable.
Milford only had two non-district games, but they were with powerhouses Jonesboro and Cherokee. The Bulldogs tamed them easily, winning 55-13 and 49-14 respectively. No one really challenged the Bulldogs in district play and they rolled into the playoffs a perfect 9-0.
In Bi-District they easily defeated Buckholts 62-22. In the semifinals, they faced off with a tough Christoval team, defeating them 54-22.
Going into the state game, Milford had won 35 of their last 36 games, and was riding a 24-game win streak. Their opponent in the final would be the 11-0 Highland Hornets, who featured a lot of young talent, with sophomores Karry Owens, Monte Richburg and Curt Fullwood, along speedy seniors John Paul Jones and Ed Wilson.
Highland had edged out Trent by two points to win their district title in the final game of the regular season. In the playoffs, they beat Cotton Center, 46-19, in bi-district, and then edged Woodson in the semifinals, 52-47, to advance to state. Their defense was only allowing 16 points a game. Head coach Lane Jackson said, "We'd rather play them than anyone else. We've known all along that for us to win state, we'd have to beat Milford."
State Championship – Friday Dec. 5th 7:00pm @ Comanche
This game would be a low scoring affair that was more of a defensive push and pull.
Milford held Highland to three-and-out, forcing a Hornet punt, in the first possession of the game. Taking over at their own 28-yard line, Milford marched the ball down the field with a steady dose of run plays with Lawrence "BoBo" Matthews, Stanley Cook and Tracy Hightower. However, Highland's defense forced the Bulldogs to turn the ball back over on downs after stopping them on a fourth-and-three at the Hornet five-yard line.
The defensive battle continued, with Milford only allowing Highland to gain only four yards in three plays. Highland punted the ball away, only to get it called back on a penalty. On the second attempt to punt, a high-snapped ball forced the punter to try to scramble and throw down field. The pass attempt fell incomplete and Milford took over on the Hornet nine-yard line. Three plays later, Stanley Cook scored on a seven-yard run. The PAT kick by Mark Freeman was good and Milford led 8-0, with 3:48 remaining in the first quarter.
The next score in the contest wouldn't come until 2:28 left in the first half.
On Highland's third possession they still couldn't manage to move the ball against the much taller and bigger Milford players and once again punted after a three-and-out. Even though they were much smaller, Highland's defense was equally as good, forcing the Bulldogs to their own three-and-out on the ensuing possession.
The Hornets were finally able to move the ball with counter traps, sweeps and an end-around run for a large gain, marching the ball downfield to the Milford 13-yard line. But a huge sack of Highland quarterback Karry Owens on attempted screen pass, took the Hornets all the way back to 32-yard line and again them punt the ball away. Two quick Stanley Cook runs moved the ball down into Highland territory, only for their offense to stale, and Highland took over on downs.
Highland still couldn't get their offense going and Milford took over on their own 23-yard line. On this possession, Milford changed up their offense a little. Both teams had been running the same basic tight, balanced line wingback set, but now the Bulldogs switched to a wide-split wingback, Stanley Cook, and a deep option back, Tracey Hightower, with a man under, BoBo Matthews, pitching him the ball. This offensive set immediately found success against the Highland 2-3 defense, and Hightower connected with Matthews on a screen pass, resulting in a 16-yard touchdown. Another PAT kick was good and Milford took a 16-0 lead, with 2:28 left in the first half.
Highland's John Paul Jones (not to be confused with the Naval Commander, nor the bass player for Led Zeppelin) took the ensuing kickoff back for the Hornet's first score of the game. The PAT kick cut the Milford lead in half, 16-8.
On their first play after fielding the squib kick, Milford's Stanley Cook muffed a pitch, ran back behind him to retrieve the ball and then proceeded to split the Highland defenders en route to a 43-yard touchdown run. The refs were unsure if the play was legal and after a long conversation ruled the touchdown good. The PAT failed and Milford extended their lead to 22-8. In a game that was a defensive battle, there were three touchdowns in the span of seven seconds of game time.
Highland's offensive woes continued. On their next possession, backed up against their own end zone, the snap on a punt again sailed over the punter's head, this time out of the back of the endzone for a safety. The half ended shortly thereafter, with the score, 24-8, Milford.
Milford received the kickoff to start the second half and got a great return taking them into Highland territory, however fumbled the ball away on their second play. On Highland's second play Owens threw to Everett Wilson for a short gain, who then pitched out to Jones on a hook-and-ladder. Jones ran 43 yards for a touchdown. The PAT kick was good and Milford's lead was now only 24-16.
The Hornets held Milford on their next possession again and changed into a spread offense where they found success moving the ball downfield. Jones was sprung loose for a seemingly long touchdown for the Hornets, looking to tie the game up. But it was for naught, as the play was called back on a penalty.
For the fourth time Highland was forced to punt (sixth time, if you count the muffed punt and bad snap on a punt for a safety). Highland managed to get an interception, but again was forced to punt the ball away. Milford then marched the ball down field, with Stanley Cook running all over the field for an apparent score, but a Highland defender punched the ball out of his hands at the last moment and through the back of the endzone for a touchback.
On the Hornets next possession, they were backed all the way up to their own 5-yard line. Again they ran a hook-and-ladder play for a long gain that would've scored, had Milford's safety made a touchdown-saving tackle from behind at the Bulldogs 17-yard line. The third quarter ended with Highland inside the 10 and threatening to possibly tie the game up, behind only 24-16.
Milford held Highland on fourth-and-goal, taking over at their own 5-yard line. The Bulldogs, with big run plays by Matthews and Hightower, out of a tight, option system, marched the ball down the field, culminating in a 14-yard touchdown pass from Matthews to Hightower. A failed PAT made the score 30-16, with only 7:30 left to play.
On the Hornets' next possession, facing a fourth-and-25, Ed Wilson seemed to bust loose on a dump pass down the sidelines for a touchdown. But the refs ruled he had been forced out of bounds before he had reached the first down marker and Milford took over on downs.
The Hornets were not deterred and held Milford on downs as well, but Stanley Cook picked off a Highland pass attempt downfield, and the Bulldogs were back in business. On the next play, Hightower broke a few tackles and rambled in for a 30-yard touchdown, giving Milford a 38-16 lead, which would prove to be the final.
-In 1980, there were 61 teams playing 6-man football, divided into 8 districts.
-Stanley Cook would go onto play WR at North Texas. Highland's young Monte Richburg would go on to play LB at Abilene Christian University.
-Game summary for this came from the Abilene Reporter News, The Milford Press, and by watching the game film, courtesy of Monte Richburg.
-Milford head coach Roger Goode left after the 1980-81 school year and went on to become a great basketball coach, being inducted into the Texas Basketball Hall of Fame in 2004.


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Kapaun awarded Medal of Honor
Inducted into Hall of Heroes at the Pentagon
News editor
Father Emil J. Kapaun received long-overdue recognition Thursday when President Barack Obama presented the Medal of Honor to Kapaun's nephew, Ray Kapaun, at the White House.
Obama remarked that when the Korean War ended 60 years ago, there was one group of soldiers — prisoners of war — who returned home carrying a carved wooden cross in honor of Kapaun, who served and saved them on the battlefield and in the prison camp.
Kapaun convinced a wounded Chinese officer to take a group of soldiers as prisoners of war rather than killing them, and he carried a wounded soldier, who would have been executed, four miles to the prison camp.
While in the prison camp, Kapaun sneaked extra food for the imprisoned soldiers, convinced food hoarders to share, made pots to boil water, and even gave others the clothes off his back. And amid all of this, he continued to provide spiritual service as well.
"Just with his presence, he could turn a mud hut into a cathedral," Obama said.
Kapaun died in the prison camp.
"As they took him away, he did something remarkable," Obama said. "He blessed the guards."
It was two years after Kapaun's death before the surviving prisoners of war were freed, but they sustained themselves with Kapaun's memory. Several of them were able to attend the presentation of the Medal of Honor.
A group of 10 Pilsen-area residents attended the ceremony at the White House and Kapaun's induction into the Hall of Heroes at the Pentagon.
"It was beyond words. It was very inspirational," Rose Mary Neuwirth said. "We were sitting right behind the POWs. To watch their faces as it was being given, I don't know how to describe it. It made me want to cry, because they were so happy that it was done."
Harriet Bina agreed that spending time with the prisoners of war who were in the prison camp with Kapaun was the best part of the trip.
"It was absolutely amazing, to be there with the prisoners of war," Bina said.
Every time the POWs told a story about Kapaun, by the end everybody listening had tears in their eyes, she said.
Neuwirth and Bina were joined by Carole Sklenar, Bob Neuwirth, Bob and Carol Makovec, Laverne Bina, Marin and Carol Tajchman, and Diana Stanfill.
"It's still hard to believe I was there," Neuwirth said.
She estimated there were 200 people or more at the ceremony at the White House. She said the induction at the Pentagon was even better, because it was less formal.
"There wasn't a dry eye in the place when Raymond Kapaun finished his talk," Neuwirth said.
At the end of his speech, Ray Kapaun told the prisoners of war who were with his uncle that if he were alive today, he would say, "Boys, I'm glad you made it home," Bina recalled.
Bina was thrilled at the outpouring of joy from people who had heard about Kapaun. Whenever anybody found out the group was in Washington, D.C., for the Medal of Honor ceremony, they wanted to talk to them. Even when they returned home, people at Marion Healthmart asked about the ceremony while Bina printed off pictures.
"It was so wonderful to see everybody touched by a good story for a change, instead of like what just happened in Boston," Bina said.
Last modified April 18, 2013


text:
About The Program
This site has been designed for access by applicants, enrolled students, college-based faculty, clinical site personnel and a variety of other partners of the program. As such, information in individual sections will be available to each group depending on need and confidentiality requirements. We hope you find our website helpful, informative, comprehensive and easy to navigate.
You should also visit the Health Sciences Simulation Center (HSSC) section of Samuel Merritt University's website. The history of simulation-based learning at SMU began with the pioneering work of the nurse anesthesia faculty in the late 1990s. Over the past decade, our students have contributed a great deal to the national reputation of innovation and excellence that our simulation center - and especially our Program of Nurse Anesthesia - has garnered and sustained. You will discover a wealth of specific information about our Program on the HSSC website page to supplement what you learn here.
Our Philosophy of Learning and Success
It is the intent of our entry-level program to prepare graduates for the full scope of practice in nurse anesthesia in order to be competitive in the marketplace by delivering the highest possible quality of care. Consequently, students will be involved in all aspects of anesthesia including general and regional techniques as well as cases involving conscious sedation and other ancillary services such as pain management, anesthesia for interventional radiology procedures and emergency airway management. Under close and immediate supervision, students will be responsible for the administration and management of virtually all specialty surgery categories and common invasive monitoring modalities for the full range of patient age and acuity levels.
At Samuel Merritt University, we manage the learning process as a shared enterprise between students and faculty; that is, we expect students to be highly motivated, responsible, self-disciplined, focused and well schooled in the philosophy of graduate education. Faculty will consistently and expertly provide required learning opportunities and the guidance and instruction to fulfill the learning objectives of not only the program but the student's personal interests and talents. Above all, we seek mature students who represent the highest caliber critical care nurse; ones who take full responsibility for delivering exceptional, intelligent and compassionate care.
How Our Graduates are Performing
Employers continue to rave about the preparation of our students. Most often they cite the comprehensiveness of their theoretical background and the range of their clinical expertise from the simplest to the most medically complex patient. 100% of employers noted that graduates were fully capable of independent decision-making and graduates rank their preparation far above minimum competency levels. Nearly 90% of our graduates are employed in the Bay Area and most at Kaiser Permanente facilities. We also have graduates practicing in other areas of the country and in the military. We are proud of our graduates! 96% from the Class of 2015, 100% from the Class of 2016 and Class of 2017 were employed as CRNAs within 6 months of passing the National Certification Exam (NCE). The first-time pass rate for the Class of 2017 was 88.4% (subsequent pass rate is 96.2%) compared to the national average of 82.6%.(FY 2017) The first-time pass rate for our last 5 cohorts (Classes of 2013-2017) was 92.6% (subsequent pass rate of 99.1%) compared to the national 5-year average of 85.6% (FY 2017, 5-year trend).
What is most important is that all of our graduates are employed as Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists. The graduates themselves all reported that they were well prepared to enter the employment field as CRNAs and felt fully competent to assume their professional role.
|Cohort Year
|Retention Rate
The majority of students who left the program during the above referenced periods have done so due to a change in personal circumstances. The Program makes a concerted effort to work with students who may, at times, be struggling with the program curriculum or non-academic related challenges.
Program of Nurse Anesthesia Alumni Association
Established in 1993, our Program of Nurse Anesthesia (PNA) continues to be recognized as one of the premier educational programs in the country, producing top notch Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists. All PNA outcome measures of curricular quality and student satisfaction are consistently the highest across all programs at Samuel Merritt University. The university's state-of-the-art Health Sciences Simulation Center was funded and built in 2006 largely predicated upon the successes experienced by the PNA in simulation-based education. We are proud of our exemplary program and the roster of highly qualified, compassionate CRNAs who are alumni of Samuel Merritt University.
In response to substantial interest expressed by program alumni, we have established the Samuel Merritt University Program of Nurse Anesthesia Alumni Society. Alumni associations provide wonderful opportunities to reconnect with old friends and colleagues; they also provide the structure and systems that promote professional networking; importantly they can create a culture of support and mentorship for members of the new generations of the nurse anesthesia profession.
Our Partnership with Kaiser Permanente Northern California
Our nurse anesthesia program was conceived as a joint venture between Samuel Merritt University and Kaiser Permanente Northern California in 1993 and a strong partnership between the two organizations flourishes to this day. More than half of our clinical affiliate sites are Kaiser Permanente Medical Centers, making a significant number of our clinical faculty the CRNAs and anesthesiologists of The Permanente Medical Group. Current students and graduates of the program consistently cite the outstanding experience and learning opportunities provided to them during the clinical component of the program as a major reason for their high degree of satisfaction with their education here at SMU.
If you would like to know more about Kaiser Permanente, you can visit their website or ask any of our faculty about this valued partnership.
Kaiser Permanente is awarding competitively $10,000 per year for 2 years ($20,000), forgivable after graduation if you are employed by a Northern California Kaiser facility.
Before You Go Exploring
Samuel Merritt University is a small private institution of higher education one hundred-years-old offering programs only in health-related disciplines…that is our exclusive mission. We value timely, attentive and informed services for both applicants and enrolled students.
We know that you will be impressed by our faculty, our educational resources and the quality of education received at Samuel Merritt University. After all, you are making a significant investment in your future and your choice of graduate program is critical. Now, take a look. We may be the perfect match!
The Program of Nurse Anesthesia is accredited by the Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthesia Educational Programs (COA). The Program underwent a reaccreditation review in Fall 2013 and was granted continued accreditation for the maximum period of 10 years effective May 30, 2014. The program was found in full compliance with the Standards of Accreditation for Nurse Anesthesia Educational Programs and will be scheduled for its next consideration of continued accreditation in Spring 2024.
The COA requires that all students matriculating into a nurse anesthesia educational program on January 1, 2022, or thereafter be enrolled in a program approved by the COA to award a practice doctoral degree. The PNA at SMU plans to submit its application to the COA for approval to award the DNP degree in August 2018. Pending approval by the COA, the program plans to enroll its first doctoral cohort of students in January 2021. Further information regarding this transition may be obtained by contacting the Program Director, Joseph Janakes.
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The Junction is a 6-month execution and acceleration program located in Tel-Aviv. We are an open house for entrepreneurs and startups focused on B2B, deep technology ventures. We look for early stage startups in the following fields: Big Data, Analytics, Fintech, 3D, IoT, Smart city/Home, Cyber Security, DevOps, VR/AR, Drone, Automotive (and more!).
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South African Journal of Science
On-line version ISSN 1996-7489
Print version ISSN 0038-2353
S. Afr. j. sci. vol.110 n.5-6 Pretoria Mar. 2014
Dealing with 'open access' demons
The possibility of open-access scholarly publications started almost 24 years ago, in response to a growing demand to make research findings free and available to anyone with a computer and an Internet connection, and building on the digital developments of the 1990s. The initiators of the movement came from a wide range of prestigious research-intensive institutions and major research funders including Harvard, the Max Planck Institute, University College London, the University of Montreal and - amongst funders - the Open Society Foundations and the Wellcome Trust. They worked on open-access issues for 10 years before releasing the Budapest Declaration and Guidelines for Open Access Publishing in 2001. Sadly, the Mellon, Carnegie and Ford Foundations seem not to have been supporters at that stage.
In the ensuing 13 years, open access has, for good reason, become an increasingly desirable route to scholarly and scientific publishing. It has also become a complex field in the publishing arena - beset by a number of serious challenges. In particular, open-access journals have come under scrutiny over the past months because of the dubious charging practices and poor, or non-existent, reviewing processes of some. Open access seems to be known as much for inadequate and exploitative publishing practices as for any increase in access.
Readers of Science may know that an article published by that journal in October 2013 revealed some startling statistics. Earlier in 2013 a Science journalist and molecular biologist, John Bohannon, submitted a seriously flawed manuscript under a range of fictitious names to 304 open-access journals.1 A number of journals failed to respond, 20% rejected the article and 61%, including some published by Elsevier and SAGE, published the article. Bohannon concluded that a large proportion of open-access journals have lax or no real peer-review systems in place.
Reactions to the Science article were swift and clear. The Guardian's Higher Education Network2 carried a response the very next day from Curt Rice, a professor at the University of Tromso. Rice argued that the Science article demonstrated (almost) the reverse of what it had set out to do: it's not that there are too many open-access journals that ignore proper reviewing processes, but that there are too many that set out to profit from researchers, and too few that are serious research publishing ventures.
Within a week, the Economist had also offered its views on 'bad science'.3 Arguing that while it is assumed that the peer-review system ensures that science is 'self-correcting', they presented examples of many experiments reported in respectable journals that could not, subsequently, be replicated. Apologists point to many benign reasons: scientists make statistical errors, peer review does take place but reviewers are harried and do not always pick up mistakes or inappropriate conclusions, and universities place more emphasis on publishing than on getting research reporting right. Benign though they may be, these reasons still serve to undermine trust in research and in the current publication system. What is worse, more subtle and clearly obvious limitations and problems with open access are not dealt with because these practices are such an obvious challenge to the industry. Publishers, big and small, have been caught up in pilot trials that have shown that their peer-review practices are inadequate.
But more was to come: in this case, for the respectable publishers Springer and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) - and for open-access journals in general. In February this year, a French computer scientist, Cyril Labbé, privately informed Springer and the IEEE that he had identified 16 publications by Springer and over a 100 by the IEEE that were computer-generated 'gobbledygook'.4 Strangely enough, Labbé's research had been published online in a Springer journal (Scientometrics) in June 2012 but no attention appears to have been paid by Springer to his findings (at the time). The two publishers had subsequently no option but to withdraw over 120 papers from their subscription services after the papers were discovered to be fraudulent. Again, however, the problem was not open access itself, but a fairly cavalier approach to profit-making and a disregard for proper double-blind reviewing - or reviewing of any kind.
Currently, sites on the Internet list the names of 477 'predatory' publishers and 303 'predatory' stand-alone journals.5 Predatory journals are defined extensively6 - although the criteria may be summarised as including journals which have dubious practices that are widely considered to be the antithesis of reliable scholarly publishing. The Academy of Science of South Africa does not appear on the list of predatory publishers, nor does the SAJS appear on the list of stand-alone predatory journals.
So what does all this imply for the SAJS, which is already an open-access (and free-to-publish journal)?
Taking account of the problems and dangers exposed by Bohannon and by Labbé, but also the useful insights shared by Rice, it is clear that the SAJS has the potential to contribute substantially to the obvious need for more open-access journals that follow rigorous reviewing processes, offering content that is as reliable as these conditions can assure. This is a critical element in the process of rebuilding trust in open access.
It is true, of course, that nothing is ever free. So if the SAJS does not charge at either end of the publishing process, who does, in fact, pay? The answer is - South African taxpayers. Their annual contribution, however, is a very small portion of the cost of securing just one national key point: science set against royal sports stadiums.
1. Bohannan J. Who's afraid of peer review? Science. 2013;342:60-65. [ Links ]
2. Rice C. Open access publishing hoax: What Science magazine got wrong [homepage on the Internet]. c2013 [cited 2014 Mar 12]. Available from: http://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/blog/2013/oct/04/science-hoax-peer-review-open-access [ Links ]
3. Trouble at the lab [homepage on the Internet]. c2013 [cited 2014 May 05]. Available from: http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21588057-scientists-think-science-self-correcting-alarming-degree-it-not-trouble [ Links ]
4. Van Noorden R. Publishers withdraw more than 120 gibberish papers. Nature News [serial on the Internet]. 2014 Feb 24 [updated 2014 Feb 25; cited 2014 May 05]. Available from: http://www.nature.com/news/publishers-withdraw-more-than-120-gibberish-papers-1.14763 [ Links ]
5. Beall J. Beall's list [homepage on the Internet]. c2014 [cited 2014 May 05]. Available from: http://scholarlyoa.com/publishers [ Links ]
6. Beall J. Criteria for determining predatory open-access publishers [homepage on the Internet]. c2012 [cited 2014 May 05]. Available from: http://scholarlyoa.com/2012/11/30/criteria-for-determining-predatory-open-access-publishers-2nd-edition [ Links ]


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Frederick I, byname Frederick Barbarossa (Italian: Redbeard), (born c. 1123—died June 10, 1190), duke of Swabia (as Frederick III, 1147–90) and German king and Holy Roman emperor (1152–90), who challenged papal authority and sought to establish German predominance in western Europe. He engaged in a long struggle with the cities of northern Italy (1154–83), sending six major expeditions southward. He died while on the Third Crusade to the Holy Land.
Early years.
Frederick was the son of Frederick II, duke of Swabia, and Judith, daughter of Henry IX, duke of Bavaria, of the rival dynasty of the Welfs. After succeeding his father as duke of Swabia, Frederick was elected German king on March 4, 1152, in Frankfurt, succeeding his uncle, Emperor Conrad III. Frederick's contemporaries believed that, because he united in himself the blood of the Welfs and the Hohenstaufen, he would solve the internal problems of the kingdom. The announcement of his election, which he sent to Pope Eugenius III, made it plain that Frederick I was not ready to recognize the preeminence over the emperors that the popes had won during the quarrel over the right of investiture of bishops and abbots. Frederick, moreover, filled several vacant episcopal sees, thereby violating the Concordat of Worms of 1122. Nevertheless, he was to learn that he could not prevail against the papacy as easily as the earlier emperors, Otto I and Henry III, had done because the political balance of the West had changed. Under the powerful emperor Manuel I Comnenus, the Byzantine Empire had grown to be a political factor in the Mediterranean and in Italy. Southern Italy and Sicily were united in the Norman kingdom of Roger II. The cities of the Lombards, which had been little more than a nuisance to the earlier emperors, had now become more powerful.
Frederick started his struggle for the old goal of the predominance of the Empire over the European monarchies with great political skill. By not recognizing the treaty of alliance between his predecessor, Conrad III, and Manuel I Comnenus of Byzantium against Roger II of Sicily, Frederick forced Pope Eugenius III to sign the Treaty of Constance (1153) with him because the Pope was more exposed to pressure from the Norman kingdom to the south as well as from Arnold of Brescia in Rome. Frederick promised not to make peace with the Roman commune, headed by Arnold (whom he hanged) or with the Normans without the agreement of the Pope. He also promised not to concede any Italian land to the Byzantine Emperor and, finally, to maintain the position of the papacy (honor papatus). Eugenius III, on his part, promised that Frederick would receive the imperial crown and that the rights of the empire would be maintained. When Manuel of Byzantium offered Frederick a Byzantine princess as wife and attempted to induce him to fight against the Norman kingdom, Frederick refused. The successor of Eugenius III, Pope Adrian IV, honoured the Treaty of Constance and crowned Frederick emperor on June 18, 1155, in Rome.
The German princes refused to give Frederick the support necessary to attack the Sicilian kingdom, which, under Roger's son William I (reigned 1154–66), was passing through a crisis. Although Manuel now formed an allegiance with the rebellious Norman barons, the city of Genoa, and the Pope, Adrian still would not accept the Byzantine offer of help against William I of Sicily. After William had brought his crisis to an end, he was able to force the Pope to sign the Concordat of Benevento in 1156 by which Adrian gave William Sicily and the Norman principalities on the mainland as far north as Naples and Capua and granted him special rights for the Sicilian church. This new treaty was in violation of the Treaty of Constance. Cardinal Roland (later Pope Alexander III) was supposed to explain the Pope's new policy to the princes and to the Emperor at the imperial Diet of Besançon 1157. A letter from the Pope, which was translated in an inflammatory manner by the imperial chancellor Rainald of Dassel, caused a critical argument between the papal delegation and the German princes over whether or not the empire was dependent upon the papacy. Adrian explained later that he meant the word beneficium, which had caused all the trouble, to mean benefit and not fief.
Attempt to regain imperial rights.
In 1158, after Frederick had solved several decisive domestic problems (see below), he began his second campaign in Italy, seeking the complete restoration of the imperial rights. After laying siege to and conquering Milan, which had attempted to oppose him, Frederick opened the Diet of Roncaglia. The goal of this Diet was to define and guarantee the rights of the emperor, which would bring the empire an estimated 30,000 pounds of silver per year. Frederick attempted, beginning in 1158 and especially after 1162, not only to achieve the granting of these rights but also to put a systematic financial administration into effect. His goal was to reduce imperial Italy to a system of well-controlled castles, palaces, and cities, with the self-government of the cities controlled by imperial officials. What the Emperor saw as a restoration of the imperial rights, however, was considered by the cities as a curtailment of their freedom. A tax called the fodrum was levied on all the inhabitants of imperial Italy; in return the Italian nobles and communes were excused from service in Frederick's armies and were guaranteed his protection. A portion of the Italian money went to the German princes; this enabled Frederick to win their support without making too many political concessions to them in Germany. The ecclesiastical princes of the empire, however, still had to render full service for Italy; the archbishopric of Mainz suffered severe financial losses because Archbishop Christian was active for a long time in Italy as imperial legate. The Italian taxes allowed Frederick to enlist mercenaries (Brabantini) in order to free himself militarily, to a certain extent, from the fief holders. The money of Italy was not, however, the only motive of Frederick's Italian policy.
The Pope, as well as the cities, felt threatened by a tightly organized imperial state in Italy. In 1159 Cardinal Octavian was elected Pope Victor IV with the support of Frederick, and Cardinal Roland was elected Pope Alexander III in a tumultuous and disputed voting session. Alexander, supported by many cardinals, was also immediately recognized by William of Sicily as the true pope. At the council of 1160 in Pavia, convened by the Emperor, only Victor IV was present and was declared the rightful pope, thereby earning for Frederick Alexander's hostility.
Relations with Pope Alexander III.
Alexander III, one of the greatest lawyers of the church, wanted to found a papacy that would be independent of the Emperor; he excommunicated Frederick in 1160. France, England, Spain, Hungary, the Lombards, and even Emperor Manuel joined Alexander's party; under imperial pressure, Alexander retired to France in 1161, where he remained until 1165. John of Salisbury asked at that time: "Who made the Germans judges of the nations?" Barbarossa's attempt to persuade King Louis VII of France to try to heal the schism when they met at Saint-Jean-de-Losne on the Saône was of no avail. Alexander attempted to bring Frederick back into the church but with no success. At Alexander's urging, the Byzantine emperor Manuel Comnenus now prepared to form an alliance with France and was ready to recognize the Pope. In 1162 Milan was destroyed by Frederick.
When Victor IV died in 1164, Paschal III (reigned 1164–68) was quickly elected as the new imperial pope on the urging of Rainald of Dassel, perhaps against the will of the Emperor. Because of friction between Louis VII and Henry II of England and because the latter was embroiled in an argument with Thomas Becket, Barbarossa decided to form an alliance with Henry II. At the Diet of 1165 in Würzburg, Frederick swore not to recognize Alexander III. The promises made by the English delegates that Frederick's political wishes would be recognized were denied by Henry II, who preferred to keep Alexander under pressure, thus making things more difficult for Becket.
Following the death of William I of Sicily in 1166, Frederick felt that the time had come to strike a decisive blow against Alexander III, who had returned to Rome, and against Sicily. The Lombard League was formed to defend against the Emperor's fourth expedition to Italy. Frederick's expedition ended in disaster, however, when malaria broke out in his army. Rainald of Dassel died in Rome at this time, causing a change in the imperial strategy. When Frederick negotiated peace between Louis VII and Henry II and then sent the Bishop of Bamberg in 1170 to Alexander III and envoys to Byzantium, a détente resulted that even Alexander could not escape. In his fifth Italian campaign (1174) Frederick did not defeat the Lombards militarily, but they were forced to subject themselves to him in the Armistice of Montebello. Because Duke Henry the Lion of Saxony refused to come to his aid, however, Frederick lost the Battle of Legnano against the Lombards. He was now ready to deal with the Pope, and in 1176 they signed the Treaty of Anagni. In the Peace of Venice (1177) Barbarossa acknowledged Alexander III as the true pope. In front of the Church of St. Mark's, Barbarossa received the kiss of peace from the Pope. At Venice the imperial delegates had been able to improve the Emperor's position. Above all was the fact that, although a truce had been negotiated with the Lombards, they were not included in the peace treaty. A treaty with the Lombards was finally confirmed in the year 1183.
Barbarossa meanwhile had also initiated sweeping changes in his empire, where Duke Henry the Lion of Saxony was the strongest prince next to him. When Barbarossa took office, Henry had laid claim to Bavaria, the domain of the margrave Henry II Jasomirgott of Austria. Barbarossa bestowed Bavaria on Henry the Lion, and as compensation he elevated the margravate of Austria to a dukedom, with special rights. The Emperor also left the dukedom of Saxony and Mecklenburg under Henry the Lion's control, and in 1154 the Duke received the privilege of investing bishops in the colonial land east of the Elbe. The year 1158 was of great importance for the empire; Barbarossa founded the imperial territory of Pleissnerland (south of Leipzig), elevated Duke Vladislav II of Bohemia to king, and granted the Archbishop of Bremen important privileges, restoring the Bishop's lost political power. Also in 1158 Frederick promised to enfeoff Waldemar I the Great of Denmark—that is, make him his vassal with certain rights.
Meanwhile, Henry the Lion founded the cities of Munich and Lübeck (1158). The founding of Lübeck brought German merchants to the Baltic Sea. The Duke closed a contract between the Germans and the inhabitants of Gotland and sent envoys to Scandinavia and Russia. A trade agreement was closed in 1189 with Novgorod. About 1180 German merchants reached Riga; their advance was protected by Henry's conquest of Mecklenburg (1177). By 1148 Henry had the county and the town of Stade, the most important harbour on the Elbe, in his control.
Deposition of Henry the Lion.
At the same time German colonists had settled in Brandenburg under the margrave Albert I the Bear and in Silesia. Barbarossa had restored the dependence of the Polish dukes during two expeditions to Poland in 1157 and 1172. Henry the Lion, the most powerful prince in northern Germany, made Brunswick his residence. He had repeatedly challenged other princes in feuds, but Archbishop Wichmann of Magdeburg, Albrecht of Brandenburg, Landgrave Louis III of Thuringia, and Archbishop Rainald of Cologne offered repeated resistance. It is not completely certain that Duke Henry's refusal of aid to Frederick in 1176 was the sole cause of his downfall. Apparently his manifold breach of the peace of the land caused the Emperor to accuse him, to conquer Lübeck, and, in 1180, through a council of the princes in Gelnhausen, to depose him. Henry lost his dukedom; Westphalia was given to the Archbishop of Cologne, and Bavaria was granted to Otto of Wittelsbach. Henry, who was married to Mathilde of England, went in exile to King Henry II of England. As a result of Henry the Lion's trial, the feudal system was made a still stronger basis of the imperial constitution. Thereafter, only those princes who had received their land directly from the Emperor were admitted to the exclusive circle of imperial princes (Reichsfürsten). Barbarossa elevated the princes of Pomerania to dukes, and the counts of Andechs became the dukes of Merania (in the neighbourhood of Trieste). Steiermark became a dukedom. Another important measure of Barbarossa was the elevation of the Bishop of Würzburg to duke of Franconia in 1168.
Barbarossa had attempted to hold the increasing power of the princes in check. By 1152 he had found a solution for the area of Burgundy, which also belonged to the empire. He made Duke Berthold IV of Zähringen his representative for the dukedom of Burgundy as far as the Mediterranean and married Béatrix, the daughter of Count Rainald of Burgundy (1156). Barbarossa attempted to build his own imperial territory between the areas controlled by the princes. This territory was composed of castles, cities, landholdings, ministerial seats, and single rights that were more or less thickly scattered from Swabia to Thuringia. This large territory was ruled by imperial ministerials (ministeriales imperii). These men had great power because many of them belonged to the Emperor's circle. The most famous of them was Kuno of Münzenberg, whose castle is preserved in the Wetterau north of Frankfurt and who founded the town of Friedberg. The territorial "peace laws" belong to his efforts to keep the Emperor in power.
Chivalry gave Barbarossa's time a special stamp. He expressed his enthusiasm for knighthood as the ideal way of life at the festival of Pentecost at Mainz in 1184, where he dubbed his sons knights. This festival was surpassed by the "Diet of Jesus Christ" in 1188, when the margravate of Namur was transformed into an imperial principality. More important was Barbarossa's call to the Third Crusade in the spring of 1189 to free Jerusalem from Saladin's army, which had captured it in 1187. Before his departure he returned the former possessions of the Countess Mathilde of Tuscany, a part of the papal state, to the Pope. In 1190 the Emperor drowned while trying to cross the Saleph River.
Frederick Barbarossa had attempted to continue the imperial policy of the rulers of the Saxon and Salian lines. His state was still founded upon the noble, the high noble, and above all the newly founded rank of the imperial servants. The imperial cities in Germany were governed by royal officials (advocatis sculteti), and the citizens had their part in the government. The cities played no role in politics. Frederick had to recognize that the church, after the quarrel of investiture, had become a firmly controlled institution, with its powers strictly defined by law. The church had joined itself to the struggle for freedom of the economically powerful states in upper Italy. Pope Alexander III was able to force the kings of Europe (especially Louis VII of France) not to enter into a political agreement with Barbarossa. Only Philip II Augustus of France signed a treaty with Barbarossa in order to free himself from the pressures created by the Anglo-Norman occupation on the mainland. There was no chance that a continuation and increase of the imperial policy in the territories controlled by the empire would have broken the power of the princes. Germany developed into a system of territorial states after Barbarossa's death, while France developed during the time of Philip II Augustus into a centralized monarchial state. Barbarossa had a strong feeling for law and imperial prestige. His steadfast opposition to the popes and to Henry the Lion made him the symbol of German unity in the romantic glorification of the 19th century. People since the 14th century believed he was sleeping in the imperial castle of Kyffhäuser and hoped for his return. A monument to him was erected there during the years 1890–96.Hans Patze
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
Italy: Frederick I (Frederick Barbarossa)The reign of Conrad's successor and nephew, the duke of Swabia, Frederick I (1152–90), brought a major reassertion of imperial rule in Italy. Frederick saw himself not as the heir to a compromise but as a restorer of the Romano-Carolingian heritage…
history of Europe: Reform and renewalmembers of the Hohenstaufen dynasty—including Frederick I Barbarossa (1152–90), his son Henry VI (1190–97), and his grandson Frederick II (1220–50)—reasserted modified claims for imperial authority and intervened in Italy with some success. But Barbarossa's political ambitions were thwarted by the northern Italian cities of the Lombard League…
Germany: Dynastic competition, 1125–52This time the princes chose Frederick I (reigned as king in 1152–90 and emperor in 1155–90), the son of Conrad's elder brother Frederick and the Welf princess Judith. Selected in part because of his connections with important families in Germany, Frederick (known as Frederick Barbarossa, "Redbeard") was careful to maintain…
education: The development of the universitiesIn 1158 Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa of the Holy Roman Empire granted them privileges such as protection against unjust arrest, trial before their peers, and permission to "dwell in security." These privileges were subsequently extended and included protection against extortion in financial dealings and the
cessatio—the right to…
Roman Catholicism: The papacy at its height: the 12th and 13th centuries…schism during which the emperor Frederick Barbarossa (
c.1123–90) promoted a series of antipopes who he hoped would be supportive of his policies. Frederick had previously run afoul of Pope Adrian IV (reigned 1154–59), who seemingly asserted that the emperor received his title as a beneficium(benefice), which would have…
More About Frederick I31 references found in Britannica articles
Assorted References
- legend of Kyffhäuser Mountain
- origins of Guelf and Ghibelline conflict
association with
- Adrian IV
- In Adrian IV
- Alexander III
- Calixtus III
- Eugenius III
- Henry II
- Henry III the Lion
- In Henry III
- Isaac II Angelus
- Lucius III
- In Lucius III