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Scientists who claim 'hot hand' is a myth have never had one
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It's time for the beginning of basketball season, and science writers' thoughts turn to how to rip on LeBron James.
One obvious approach would be to allege that LeBron has never, ever had a hot hand. To which many fans would say, "Are you kidding?" LeBron has had a hot hand lots of times. Just never in the fourth quarter in the NBA finals."
But science supposedly argues otherwise. Studies have shown that the hot hand phenomenon does not exist for anybody. Not even LeBron. Or Michael Jordan or Larry Bird or Ray Allen. A widely cited paper by cognitive psychologists in 1985 presented an analysis of basketball statistics concluding there was no such thing as a hot hand. Hot hands were simply cognitive delusions in the minds of fans who didn't understand the statistical probabilities of successful shooting streaks, the psychologists contended. And the scientific community (and most science writers) swallowed it whole.
In one new paper, for instance, computer scientists from the University of Colorado studied scoring patterns in several sports and found statistical regularities in the timing of "scoring events." The researchers cited these regularities as further evidence against the existence of hot hands.
But it's all baloney, of course. Such studies do not show that the hot hand phenomenon does not exist — only that scientists don't know how to define or measure it.
Researchers in the new paper (and their predecessors) defined "hot hand" as the idea that making a shot increases the probability of making the next shot. This is the sort of thing that can readily be calculated from the data, so that's why they define it in that way. But no basketball player (or knowledgeable fan) would accept that definition.
Starting with this wrong definition, analysis of lots of data turns up no evidence for hot hands. There will be streaks, though, where one player makes, say, six shots in a row. But such streaks show up no more often that you'd expect by chance, just the way a fairly flipped coin sometimes comes up heads six times in a row. Therefore "hot hands" are just lucky streaks, expected to occur by chance, the reasoning goes.
The trouble is, shooting basketballs is not like flipping a coin. The underlying mathematical premises simply don't apply. (In the original paper debunking the hot hand, the authors acknowledge that problem, but simply say that it doesn't matter, because each player selects at random from an ensemble of shots with varying difficulty. More baloney attempting to justify the methodology.)
So let's say Player A makes six shots in a row. Does he have a hot hand? It depends. Suppose he made two uncontested layups off fast breaks, dunked one off a lob on an inbounds play, hit a short jumper in the paint, tipped in a rebound off a teammate's missed shot and then banked one in coming off a pick 'n' roll. Six made shots in a row, but nobody in the stands would start muttering that wow, that guy has a hot hand.
Now suppose Player B hits two three-pointers from deep in the right corner, another one from the top of the key, hits a jumper from just inside the three-point line on the left wing, sinks an 18-footer from the baseline and then drops in a fadeaway from the elbow. Now the broadcasters are going to be exclaiming things like "Player B, en fuego!"
In the data, the two scenarios look the same. To anyone watching the game, or who knows anything about the game, they are very different — one a hot hand in action, one not.
More recently, some researchers have tried to look more closely at the game by analyzing video, not just numbers. In that way the difficulty of the shot can be taken into account, and in this case there does seem to be a small hot hand effect, in which making a shot does increase the probability of making the next, if slightly. (This work uses a much more sophisticated statistical definition of hot hand.)
As I've written before, a hot hand "reflects a complex, subjective psychological and physiological state of mind and body" (SN: 2/2/11, p. 2). No definition based on statistics can capture that.
Strangely, the scientists who first debunked the hot hand must have known that the definition they used was deficient. In another place two of those authors quote an NBA player (Purvis Short of the Golden State Warriors) describing the hot hand. "You're in a world all your own," he said. "It's hard to describe. But the basket seems to be so wide. No matter what you do, you know the ball is going to go in."
Exactly. Hot hands have to do with what's going on inside the head of the player, not the fan. Until you get the NBA to allow players to wear fMRI helmets during the game (and shoot without moving their heads), you'll never have the data you really need to identify how hot hands work.
Note: This post was updated at 1:15 p.m. EDT to clarify the definition of hot hand used in the study described in the 12th paragraph.
Follow me on Twitter: @tom_siegfried


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HOTSEAT- Fired up: Chief Werner's career of a lifetime
Charlottesville Fire Chief Charles Werner doesn't flinch as two sirens zoom by his office on Ridge Street. "I hear a fire engine and then an ambulance," he explains calmly, "so I guess it's an EMS call."
Werner says that when he first volunteered as a firefighter in Harrisonburg at age 14, "We didn't do EMS calls." Today, 50 percent of all calls that come into the fire station are for emergency medical services.
Werner became an emergency medical technician at 15– the youngest in the state, he says, adding, "Now they don't let you be an EMT at 15."
That's not all that's changed since Werner grew up with an uncle who was fire chief, another who was a firefighter, and his own father, who let him ride along on rescue squad calls.
He still remembers the day he arrived at an accident scene at which a tractor trailer had overturned on top of a car, killing the father of a friend.
The die was cast for a career in fire fighting when he entered a building intentionally burned for fire training, testing his abilities to maintain calm in a hazardous environment. "If you let go of that hose," he warns, "you may not find your way out."
Today, fire departments respond to hazmat incidents and terrorist threats– and with equipment that Werner's father's generation only dreamed of, such as thermal imaging cameras for fires where there's zero visibility. In the past three years, the Charlottesville Fire Department has hauled in $7.1 million in grants to pay for a 21st-century, state-of-the-art department. That includes interoperability equipment, so that responders from different agencies can talk to each other in an emergency, and a new gym– to be located in Werner's old office.
Werner took over as chief July 2, 2005, and the disasters began.
"The first day we were hit with a wet micro burst and trees down," he recounts. "The second day was a two-alarm house fire, and I arrived first. The third day there was flooding from tropical storm Cindy."
Prepared for disaster, Werner claims he wasn't surprised by the political storm that erupted last year when he solicited city funds for the fire department's own ambulances and emergency responders to supplement the efforts of the all-volunteer Charlottesville Albemarle Rescue Squad.
"We're not trying to take over the rescue squad," he insists. "Our desire is to augment." He would do things differently today, he says: he'd use a citizen's committee sooner rather than later to support his point that response times during peak periods needed to improve. "There would have been a better reception," he believes.
On a tour through the fire station,Werner remembers the days when firefighters rode exposed to the elements instead of in the air-conditioned, enclosed cabs with headsets.
As for riding on the back of the fire truck, "It's fun, but it's not safe," says Werner. "My arm was nearly frozen once riding on the back of a truck to Scottsville."
Age: 48
Why here? Career in the fire department. I was hired directly out of high school and was the first firefighter hired at 18.
What's worst about living here? Housing costs and the need for affordable housing
Favorite hangout? The firehouse
Most overrated virtue? Patience
People would be surprised to know: I enjoy writing articles for public safety magazines and hope to write a fiction thriller book in the near future... Perhaps you could 'Hook' me up with John Grisham for a few good starting tips?
What would you change about yourself? I'd get in better shape, which I'm working on. I've lost 26 pounds in the past three months through diet and exercise.
Proudest accomplishment? Becoming the fire chief here in Charlottesville. It's the greatest honor to work with the best and most dedicated firefighters in the world.
People find most annoying about you: I'm a perfectionist and a workaholic.
Whom do you admire? Dr. Richard F. Edlich. Even after contracting multiple sclerosis, he continues to work, conduct research, publish articles in medical journals and challenge others (including me) to work harder to make the world a better place.
Favorite book? That's a toss up between The Firm and Red Storm Rising. I'm a huge fan of John Grisham and Tom Clancy.
Subject that causes you to rant? Poor customer service
Biggest 21st-century thrill? Chance to ride on the Space Shuttle
Biggest 21st-century creep out? The possibility of pandemic flu
What do you drive? At work, a Ford Hybrid Escape 4WD. At home, a Ford Taurus X AWD (Crossover)
In your car CD player right now: Rascal Flatts– Melt
Next journey? Hopefully to Italy with my wife
Most trouble you've ever gotten in? As a child, I painted our neighbor's garage with multiple color spray paints.
Regret: Not traveling overseas more with my wife before having our children
Favorite comfort food: Roast turkey with gravy
Always in your refrigerator: Diet Cherry 7-Up
Must-see TV: 24 or American Idol (quite a contrast, aye?)
Describe a perfect day. At a house on the beach with my wife, kids, and dog. We're all on boogie boards riding the waves while our new puppy chases us.
Walter Mitty fantasy: I'm Secret Agent 007 (with all the gadgets) protecting the world from all foreign enemies.
Who'd play you in the movie? Bruce Willis
Most embarrassing moment? During my first week at work training with the fire department, Jim Carpenter captured me covered from head to toe in foam for the Daily Progress.
Best advice you ever got? For true success, find a job/career you love and would do for free. (I was a volunteer firefighter, after all.)
Favorite bumper sticker? "Without ME, it's just AWESO."


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Now living in the German countryside, he's got the room he needs for his silkscreen press. He's got a classic 67 Mustang, and a classic Les Paul guitar, which he plays in his band. You'll spot them in his artworks now and again too, because Jan's passions run deep. If he finds something interesting outside of his art, you'll soon see it represented in the images he creates.
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Josh Dawson scored Kinston�s final 18 points as the defending 2A state basketball champ knocked off West Craven, 68-52, Wednesday in Vanceboro.
VANCEBORO � Josh Dawson scored Kinston�s final 18 points as the defending 2A state basketball champ knocked off West Craven, 68-52, Wednesday in Vanceboro.
Dawson racked up a game-high 36 points, with 33 in the second half, and converted 12 of 14 free throw attempts in the non-conference victory.
�Josh was phenomenal late, just handling the pressure and taking it to the basket,� said Kinston coach Perry Tyndall. �He�s done so many little things for us that scoring hasn�t been a big thing. He put us on his shoulder tonight.�
West Craven, which reached the 3A Eastern Regional semifinals last season, was led by senior Josh Cuthbertson, who netted 30 points.
�Josh is going to fight until the very end,� West Craven coach Bryan Goehring said. �He is going to give us everything he has. He proved it again tonight.�
Kinston beat West Craven in both meetings this season. The Vikings won 74-72 on Dec. 7 in Kinston, and it appeared Wednesday�s matchup would be another hotly contested bout.
West Craven took a 31-28 lead at halftime before falling behind 45-41 after three quarters.
Then Dawson happened.
�We had a Josh Dawson sighting at West Craven High School,� Goehring said. �Big-time players make big-time plays in big-time games. That�s what he did tonight.�
The senior scored 18 of Kinston�s 23 fourth-quarter points as the Vikings outscored the Eagles 23-11 over the final eight minutes.
�(West Craven) is a heck of a team,� Tyndall said. �Teams like that prepare us going into conference. They got us a little out of sequence in the second quarter. The second half, I thought we did a much better job in transition.�
West Craven built its largest lead of six points after senior Demetres Abrams drained a 3-pointer on its first possession of the second half.
Kinston regained its lead on a basket from Dawson with 4:25 left in the third quarter.
Denzel Keyes contributed 13 for the Vikings (8-0). Darnell Dunn added eight.
Abrams poured in 15 points for West Craven (6-3). Cuthbertson pulled down 11 rebounds.
�We wanted to be pushed this year,� Goehring said. �We wanted to see how good we could be, so that�s why we scheduled good opponents. (Kinston) is a really good team. It�s a team that knows how to play with the lead and they closed the ballgame out.�
West Craven couldn�t complete its rally in a 66-62 loss to visiting Kinston Wednesday in Vanceboro.
The Eagles trailed by 20 points early in the third quarter. Jasmine Raynor, Jamie Cherry and Kaylee Koerperich began making baskets, and cut into their deficit.
Raynor�s three-point play with 28 seconds remaining in the third quarter trimmed Kinston�s lead to 45-44.
The Vikings took a 47-46 lead into the final quarter.
Cherry split a pair of free throws to give West Craven a 54-53 lead with 4:40 remaining. The Vikings (7-1) ended the game on a 13-8 run to earn the win.
Monique Lofton scored 22 points to lead Kinston. Anshonee Addison added 12, Alexis Williams had nine and Brittany Drumgoole contributed eight.
Cherry scored 29 points to lead West Craven (6-3). Raynor tallied 11 points and 11 rebounds. Nishedra Brown scored seven points and pulled down nine boards and Koerperich grabbed 13 rebounds.
KINSTON (68): Josh Dawson 36, Denzel Keyes 13, Brandon Ingram 3, Qwari Ham 4, Jeremy Taylor 2, Tiquan Canady 2, Darnell Dunn 8.
WEST CRAVEN (52): Demetres Abrams 15, Josh Cuthbertson 30, Javier Monk 3, Tyrone Brown 4.
KINSTON (66): Takerian Harper 4, Monique Lofton 22, Lydia Rivers 2, Brittany Drumgoole 8, Alexis Williams 9, Anshonee Addison 12, Xequoijah Washington 9.
WEST CRAVEN (62): Jamie Cherry 29, Nishedra Brown 7, Nyeesha Roundtree 2, Kaylee Koerperich 6, Jasmine Raynor 11, RonKia Lewis 4, Rendi Wetherington 3.


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From Canta, a road goes up the Río Chillon to Cerro de Pasco and the eastern side of the Andes – crossing over the high elevation grassland habitat called the puna. Several wild potatoes grow in these extreme habitats above or around 4,000 metres elevation – these were our targets for the day. We leave the tomatoes behind for the day - none grow this high!
Looking back down the valley we saw Canta perched on its hill, plus the line of dusty, smoggy air from Lima and the coast... we were pleased to be up in the fresh air!
As we climbed up the switchbacks (ubiquitious in the Andes) we spotted our first Solanaceae of the day – and it was a new distribution record for the valley…
Salpichroa microloba is endemic to central Peru but had never before been collected in this valley – Paul was excited – this genus is the topic of his Master's thesis. He also managed to spot a hummingbird visiting the flowers…
A colleague had told us that the diversity of insects above 1,000 metres elevation was poor – so here is a photo of the GPS (registering 3,327m elevation) and vial of insects to prove the point. Insect life teems at high elevations, and it is usually interesting and often endemic.
Further up the valley opened out, and the Río Chillon rushed through – along the banks we found Solanum amblophyllum, previously thought to be an endemic of Lima department, but recently found in neighbouring Ancash by our colleague from the Museo, Asunción Cano.
Solanum amblophyllum is a member of the Geminata clade that I revised last in 2008 – there are several new species to describe (I wrote about some of these from Brazil last year), but it is great to see ones that I recognise in the field. It was VERY common along the river amongst boulders and grass…
The Río Chillon is a typical mountain river, crashing through gorges and with extremely rapid flow. Along the banks we saw Andean torrent ducks – two males posturing to each other… the female was being swept downstream (apparently, although she was probably completely under control) and the males seemed too busy to notice.
We had a forced stop at the small village of Cullhuay where pipes were being installed – we had to wait about half an hour then drive across a ditch over two very narrow planks – Dan was the driver for the day and he managed with great aplomb.
Putting in the pipes involves a lot of manual labour – pipes in lengths of 5-8 metres being carried from the village below (by hand of course) and a lot of shovel work, but by the time we came down they were done and the ditch was all filled in!
Cullhauy was the last village on the road, further up there were only isolated houses and stone corrals where livestock are kept overnight. The whole grassy area operates like a common, where local people take their cattle or llamas out for the day to graze and then bring them back at night to protect them from pumas. Other exciting wildlife exists in these high mountains as well – much to our excitement we saw a huge bird circling the valley – an Andean condor – as big as the cattle on the slopes! So amazing – I have been to Peru many times and have never seen a condor there before…
The picture is a bit fuzzy (sorry about that but it was a long way away across the valley) but the white collar and huge wingspan is unmistakeable – it was HUGE.
About where we saw the condor we found populations of our target potato species – so had a nice long collecting stop. The sun was still out so the insects were plentiful and Erica found that the aspirator worked a treat on the small, flat rosettes of these high elevation species. We were near the treeline, although the trees were long gone, mostly cut for firewood. These areas were at one time probably forested with small patches of Polylepis (a member of the rose family) woodland in sheltered valleys – very few of these forest patches remain in these populated valleys.
Solanum acaule is a relatively common potato species at these high elevations – we have collected it before in southern Peru; the leaves hug tightly to the ground and the tiny flowers have big, bright green stigmas.
We are not quite sure what species this is – the flowers are much bigger than those of Solanum acaule, and the leaves are different as well. When collecting it is important to keep things you think are different apart, even if they turn out to be the same in the end. This one is a different species though… I am sending a photo (and later the specimen) to my colleague David Spooner in Wisconsin to see if he can help!
Further up the road, the mountains proper began to show themselves – this range is called the Cordillera de la Viuda (Window's Range - the name makes you wonder...) and the tallest peaks are all above 5,000 metres in elevation (the tallest, Rajuntay, is 5,475 m).
Cordillera de la Viuda - this range extends for about 50 miles and has several very tall peaks that are permanently snow-covered.
This high up there is little vegetation over a few centimetres tall, the plants are either grasses, or small and hugging the ground as rosettes or hidden in the shelter of rocks. The lack of vegetation cover allows one to really appreciate the complex and totally breath-taking geology of the Andes. The Andean mountain range is the result of the subduction of the Pacific plate under the continental margin and was pushed up and crumpled over the course of millions of years. The southern Andes are older than the ranges to the north – in Canta we were about in the middle. The range is between 10-30 million years old, relatively young in geological terms.
Driving along high mountain roads you can pass sections that are crumpled one way, then around the corner, other sections going in the opposite direction – this really brings home the dynamic and ever-changing nature of the earth we live on – it is not static and unchanging in the least!
Paul, Dan and Mindy with nearly vertical strata behind…
The scenery in these high elevation habitats is not to be believed – I love the jungle and the dense forest, but the sense of space and openness at high elevation is special. At this point we were about 4,700 metres above sea level – the air is pretty thin up that high so running about is not to be recommended.
The region in the Cordillera de la Viuda is peppered with tiny (and not so tiny) lakes with the most extraordinary colours and perfectly clear water.
We were lucky to see viscachas – a lagomorph (rabbit relative) endemic to South America. This species is the northern viscachaLagidium peruanum) – known only from these high elevation habitats from central Peru to northern Chile. They look a bit like giant kangaroo rats, or gerbils. Again, like the condor, this picture is a bit fuzzy, they were hard to get close to!
Sadly, even along this remote road you can still find the traces of humans – not just archeological remains, but more prosaic garbage. What in heaven's name is a broom head doing far from the road amongst the cushion plants? In this climate it will be there for a long, long time…
The road climbed ever higher, but at about 4,800 metres it flattened out and began to go down – we decided to turn back – it was rumbling with thunder and began to hail. Erica and Dan had enough insects to keep them busy for hours and hours…
The "pass" was more like a broad flat area; llamas and alpacas were grazing here, it was a bit high for cattle.
The hail on the top was a portent of things to come. The valley on the way back down was completely under cloud – in fact, it felt like we were IN the cloud, which I suppose we were in fact. At times the road wasn't really visible, good job there was absolutely no traffic.
The road was dirt and usually a single lane with drop-offs on one side and cliffs on the other, so the lack of traffic was actually a good thing. This is the view of the road (you can see it, can't you?) from the front seat. We saw several rock slides that I don't remember from the way up… our mascot (San Martin de Porres I think) was clearly helping...
Back at the Hostal Santa Catalina Erica and Dan had several hours of insect prep to do, Paul, Mindy and I had the plants to prepare and put on the dryer – so we had a busy last evening in Canta. Tomorrow I return to Lima to fly out the next day back to London – the rest of the team is headed into the next valley north to go up again. That is travel in the Andes for you; up and down, up and down. They will drop me off on the Panamerican Highway near the coast and I will catch a bus or taxi back into Lima.
I wish I were going with them...


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Wire Wheels & Brushes


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Money$hot is a mobile app that allows you to purchase a shot for someone at a bar of your choice.
Money$hot is a mobile app that allows you to purchase a shot for someone at a bar of your choice.
For the past 16 years I have worked with agencies, corporations, small businesses, and individuals to create visual solutions across a wide variety of media. I strive to be a one-stop shop for clients, capable of all aspects of marketing and online campaigns from concept to inception.
I am proficient with graphics across all platforms and mediums.
I specialize in front-end development and Wordpress CMS. All of my sites are hand-coded to the latest web standards.
My training in fine art and a wide variety of projects have given me a myriad of styles that I can adapt to any project.
I am frequently working with 3D Modeling, Animation, Video, Photography, Murals, Sound Design, and more.
I use digital projection combined with aerosol and brush to create large-scale visual installations.
Rhode Island School of Design
BFA Graphic Design


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'Twas the season to be jolly, thanks to Santa and his elves! Two boxes arrived for us and boy, were we excited to rip into them.
P: The larger box on top coming bearing Christmas goodies. Thanks, Mom!
I love the smell of brand new leather and this was particularly fragrant. I just wanted to appreciate it before it gets used. I ordered these peforated leather lace-ups from Solestruck.com (a website D frequently drools over) during the Black Friday madness.
I didn't really know much about Rachel Comey but D showed me some of her pieces that she liked.
I was torn between the bone and navy versions but I thought I needed a new color in my shoe stash. Really happy with this new addition!
D: Look at the new Jeffrey Campbell boxes! Cute, right? And I don't even like cats.
Their boxes are always such fun! Check out this random car version of personal ads.
JC's Get-Out, my version of sensible shoes. These are super comfortable and go with everything! Be forewarned though, they don't have a lot of traction so slipping is likely. You definitely don't want to trip in these.
Purchased at Lulu's.
From an edgy black pair to a more vibrant and multicolored number! This one is more up my alley, actually.
I love the clashing color combination and the hefty wedge and platform.
I'm excited to start working outfits around this tricky pair. Any ideas?
Purchased at Solestruck.
P.S. Both online shops have awesome giveaways with every purchase! Lulu's gives free music download codes that can be redeemed from their website. Pretty cool tunes too!
Solestruck gives out these awesome band-aids! I don't think I can ever bring myself to use these for their intended purpose.
What about you, guys? Share your favorite Christmas loot with us! :)


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Redskins: Kirk Cousins beat out Robert Griffin III for the tackling QB job, A move that could signal the end of RG3's tumultuous tenure in wa Amari Cooper jersey cheap. The 2012 Offensive Rookie of the season has been plagued by injuries since leading the Redskins to a division title and tearing knee ligaments in a playoff loss in January 2013. Cousins is 2 7 as a beginner in three seasons playing behind Griffin. Brees carried out 23 of 38 for 147 yards. Graham had three assaults for 42 yards Russell Wilson Jersey Cheap. Darren Sproles led New Orleans with seven captures, A number of check downs. Bright vivid the white kind of is 5 foot 10, 197 pound first year player in view of Auburn. He was in the first place signed by the Packers as a non drafted free agent on May 12 Sean Lee jersey, 2014, But was launched on Aug Tom Brady jersey cheap. 30, 2014. Are all one-of-a-kind, Belichick said of his incredibly Bowls berths. Are kind of like them trevone boykin jersey. A person like them all, But they fluctuate. "Many experts have pretty smooth, Britt agreed. "I thought additionally you can easily a little rougher maybe this week but it felt pretty comfortable day one alfred morris jersey. There is some technique stuff obviously I'm learning and I'll just to be able to work at but I like left guard and being in there deep in the trenches.


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by Brian DeCandia, sports information graduate assistant
PENSACOLA, Fla. – The No. 16 Georgia College women's tennis squad (7-7) dropped a non-conference match Tuesday against the No. 8 University of West Florida Argos (11-5), 6-3.
Ivana Marevic (Rottweil, Germany) and Leah Pridegon (Lawrenceville, Ga.) started off the day stumbling in the second slot against Barbara Oliveira and Mariana Sonnervig, 8-1. May Johnson (Sydney, Australia) and Sarah Roberts (Kennesaw, Ga.) fell in the third position 8-4 to Fernanda Amaral and Hannah Durham.
The Argos' Caitlyn Baines and Sheila Smiley defeated Kayla Barksdale (Augusta, Ga.) and Lisa Setyon-Ortenzio (Paris) in a tight knit battle 8-4 as the Bobcats entered singles play down 3-0.
Setyon-Ortenzio dropped her singles match to No. 14 Oliveira, 6-3 and 6-1. Johnson then picked up a win over West Florida's Sonnervig, 6-4, 6-4. Marevic destroyed Smiley in straight sets 6-1, 6-0 at the third slot. Johnson improves to 8-4 in her junior campaign, positioned third on the team in singles wins. Marevic gets over .500 with the singles victory at 7-6.
Barksdale played Baines and won in a marathon, 2-6, 7-6, 10-4 taking over the team lead in wins at 10-4, including a perfect 5-0 in non-conference play. Pridgeon played in the five slot and stumbled against Higa, 6-4, 6-4. Freshman Anna Hicks (Brunswick, Ga.) made her Bobcat debut but was downed by Durham in a shutout.
GC plays again Thursday morning in sunny Pensacola against No. 44 University of North Alabama set to start at 10 a.m.
The Georgia College Department of Athletics, two-time winners of the PBC Commissioner's Cup, sponsors 10 varsity athletic programs at the NCAA Division II level. As a Division II program, Bobcat Athletics prides itself on balancing the life of the student-athlete, evidenced by the teams' multiple appearances in post-season competition as well as documented academic success and community-service involvement. Sign up at www.twitter.com/BobcatSports and www.facebook.com/gcbobcats for up-to-the-minute reports, and visit www.GCBobcats.com for more information, and to nominate your favorite former Bobcats and Colonials to the GC Athletics Hall of Fame.


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Lean On Pete
Andrew Haigh's "Lean on Pete," is just as powerful on Blu-ray as it was on the big screen, if not more so, since a claustrophobic sit enhances the film's focus allowing the central character's odyssey to overwhelm the viewer and accentuate the ethical and moral values of a country on the edge. The America in "Lean on Pete" could never be made great again, because it was never all that great to begin with.
Based on the novel by Willy Vlautin, "Lean on Pete" fixates on Charley (Charlie Plummer), a lonely 15-year-old living with his messed up dad (an excellent Travis Fimmel) in Portland, Oregon. Charley stumbles onto a job looking after an aging Quarter Horse named Lean on Pete, owned by a no-bullshit racer named Del (Steve Buscemi, nailing irascible). A terrible tragedy leaves Charley on his own to travel the race circuit with Del and his jockey (a charming Chloe Sevigny). When he realizes Del is about to sell the horse for slaughter, Charlie runs off with him.
Haigh's focus is always on his protagonist (one of the film's many boons) as we journey with Charley through the underbelly (which has really become the fat belly) of America as he meets a host of people just trying to make it through to the next day.
The film rests on the shoulders of Charlie Plummer, a remarkable young talent who allows just enough access to the boy's inner struggles and for us to empathize with him. Charley is forced to grow up fast and make some harsh decisions. Plummer keeps it real at all times.
I was also impressed that Haigh never forces a sexuality on Charley. There's no obligatory girlfriend plot or hookup moment. Charley is a bit too busy trying to survive to deal with typical teen stuff.
The Blu-ray perfectly showcases the film's gritty and often unwelcoming look. The failure of the American dream resonates hard in Magnus Nordenhof Jønck's stunning cinematography. The audio is crisp and clean.
Lionsgate Home Entertainment offers a few trailers and only one Special Feature: a 27-minute making-of doc, "Searching for Home," which boasts some decent interviews with the filmmaker and principle cast.
There's a blend of the bleak and the hopeful in "Lean on Pete." The film had me thinking about all the Charley's out there who don't ever make it to age 16.
"Lean on Pete"
Blu-ray & Digital HD


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MILLEDGEVILE, Ga. – Former Georgia College men's cross-country runner Tyler Mattix (Snellville, Ga.) brought home an award from the Georgia Academy of Science Annual Conference. Mattix, along with fellow Bobcat senior Loribeth Berry, won best oral presentation in the earth science category.
Mattix ran cross-country for Georgia College in 2010 and 2011. He earned a spot on the All-PBC second team in 2011 and was the first runner in Bobcat history named to the All-Southeast Region Team in 2011. The senior environmental science major was a PBC Presidential Honor Roll Bronze Scholar and holds the record for the fastest 10K time in school history.
While running for the Bobcats, Mattix was also a member of the United States Marine Corps Reserve, participating in drills and workouts on the weekends.
Georgia College sent nine undergraduate and two graduate students to the conference to compete among 200 students and faculty members at Valdosta State University. "I thought it was a joke at first when I found out I had won," said Mattix. "The reason we win awards like this is because of our faculty. Without our faculty sponsors to partner with on our research projects or the dedicated faculty members who took us to the conference, we would not have been able to receive this recognition."


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I have a database of earth's grid, I have consolidated elements from 1152x576 to 360°x180° and then those degrees into geographical zones and time zones so I get 5(6) geographical zones (N/S frigid, N/S temperate, (N/S) torrid) and ~24 time zones ((+/-)0, +1 to +12 (or +-12) and -12 to -1) and that's the problem, because it's 5:24 zones (latitude:longitude) and it's bad ratio.
I am displaying those zones in a table and it doesn't look well, when the x axis is 5 times longer than y axis. Is there widely used consolidation of longitude into less, but bigger areas?
I was thinking for example about 8 areas, 4 on western and 4 on eastern hemisphere, but I could't find if this division of longitude exists. Would it be somthing like WWW, WWE, WEW, WEE, EWW, EWE, EEW, EEE? Is it used normally so the people looking into my database will understand it? I can make it look like "WWW (0°-45°)" etc, I think it will be the best, am I right?
EDIT: I encountered a new problem, that this division of longitude has different borders than division on time zones, time zone start on 7.5° + x*15° and this division would start on 0° + x*45°, so I couln't consolidate 3 time zones into one portion of 45° and I consolidated those 2 approaches separately.


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With the Christmas season upon us we were inspired to create some magic for the tree. Lovely to see how simple snowy white clay and bits of nature pair up so sweetly.
These ornaments are quick to make and your natural imprint options are limitless!
Thinking these ornaments would make wonderful gift tags as well.
Pop on over to CBC to see how how we created these.
Wishing you peace and creativity in this season and always,


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Cancer Center Announces Expansion
Read the story. Click the "LISTEN" button at the bottom of the page to hear the story. When you are done, click the "NEXT" button.
Cancer is a serious disease. Adults and children can get cancer. The cancer center treats many patients each year. More and more people in California need cancer treatment. Scientists are trying to find new ways to treat cancer. They also want to help cancer patients learn about the disease.
A cancer center in Davis wants to expand. The center wants to offer treatment and research to patients. It also wants to add a special hospital. This special hospital is for children with cancer. More space is needed. More money is needed, too.
A woman lost her son to cancer. He was only five years old when he died. She wants to do something to help other children with cancer. She wants more research to be done so other children won't get sick. One thing she can do is donate money to the cancer center. She donated a large sum of money to help treat children with cancer.
It will be an expensive project. The woman's donation will help, but much more money is needed. A local university will provide some of the money. The rest of the money will be donated by local people. They expect that it will take two years to raise the rest of the needed funds.
(This was adapted from an original story provided by News10 KXTV Sacramento.)


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Jamie Smith is a Christian writer from a church in Sheffield, England that is a Moriel affiliated fellowship. As a tent maker Jamie works in medical financial management
but his ministry is in Christian writing & publishing. Jamie has authored a four part series entitled "Shibbeloth" which presents an interesting , insightful and comprehensive
perspective and analysis of a number of serious issues presently confronting The Body of Christ.
As a standard disclaimer, while Moriel may or my not agree with each detail of the thesis, we certainly bear witness with its over all thrust and we thank The Lord and
thank Jamie for providing us such a helpful compendium of scripturally rooted examination of these current challenging issues which we would encourage our readers to
read carefully and with prayerful consideration.
Jacob Prasch
Please click here to view or download Shibboleth Part 1.
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465 captures
01 Mar 2001 - 10 Jun 2019
About this capture
Alexa Crawls
Starting in 1996,
Alexa Internet
has been donating their crawl data to the Internet Archive. Flowing in every day, these data are added to the
Wayback Machine
after an embargo period.
Alexa Crawls
Starting in 1996,
Alexa Internet
has been donating their crawl data to the Internet Archive. Flowing in every day, these data are added to the
Wayback Machine
after an embargo period.
Florida Museum of Natural History
Biological Profiles
Education Selections...
South Florida Aquatic Environments
About the Different Groups of Fishes
About the Anatomy of Fish and Sharks
How Fish and Sharks Swim
About Fish Adaptations
About the Endangered Species Act
How to Become a Biologist
About Careers In Ichthyology
Most Commonly Asked Shark Questions
Most Commonly Asked Sawfish Questions
Most Commonly Asked Ray and Skate Questions
Most Commonly Asked Fish Questions
Identification Key to Freshwater Fishes of Peninsular Florida
Field Key to Sharks
Skates of the Western Gulf of Maine
Project Shark Awareness - A Public Outreach Educational Program
Shark Fishing in U.S. Territorial Waters
Most Commonly Asked Sawfish Questions
Sawfish In Peril - PowerPoint file
Sawfish Informational Brochure - Acrobat file
Sawfish Outreach Boat Ramp/Marina Sign - Acrobat file
Sawfish References
Sawfish Links
Smalltooth Sawfish species profile
Largetooth Sawfish species profile
Green Sawfish species profile
Freshwater Sawfish species profile
Dwarf Sawfish species profile
Knifetooth Sawfish species profile
Chondrichthyes Bibliography Search
Freshwater Fishes of Florida References
General Fish References
Shark References
Sawfish References
Childrens' Shark Books
Stingray Reproduction References
Biological Profiles
Glossary of Terms
Shark Games: Test Your Knowlege!
2003 Open House Photos
Order - Carcharhiniformes
Family - Carcharhinidae
Genus -
Species -
First described by Peron and Lessueur in Lessueur (1822), the tiger shark was given the name
Squalus cuvier
. Later, Muller and Henle (1837) designated
Squalus arcticus
(Faber, 1829) as the type species and suggested the name
Galeocerdo tigrinus
. Various synonyms have been used since including:
Galeus cepedianus
Agassiz 1838,
Galeus maculatus
Ranzani 1840,
Carcharias fasciatus
Bleeker 1852,
Galeocerdo rayneri
McDonald & Barron 1868,
Galeocerdo obtusus
Klunzinger 1871, and
Carcharias hemprichii
Klunzinger 1871. The genus name
is derived from the ancient Greek, "γαλεος" (galeos) = Aristotle's shark and "κερδω" (kerdo) = the fox.
Common Names
Tiger shark, leopard shark, maneater shark, and spotted shark are English language common names that refer to this shark. Other names include alecrin (Spanish), amarillo (Spanish), amzani (Swahili), bhoavar (Gujarati), cabron (Spanish), ca��o cabe�a-chata (Portuguese), carcharias (Greek), cucut macan (Malay), itachizame (Japanese), jaguara (Portuguese), jarjur (Arabic), jarjur knaza (Arabic), kethulam (Telugu), ma`o patapata (Rapa), mangeur d'hommes (French), mano pa'ele (Hawaiian), ma'o tore tore (Tahitian), marracho tigre (Portuguese), naiufi (Samoan), ngutukao (Maori), pating (Tagalog), pilithatte (Kannada), pulli sravu (Malayalam), qio saga (Fijian), requin demoiselle (French), requin tigre (Creole), requin tigre commun (French), requin-demoiselle (French), requin-tigre (French), squalo tigre (Italian), te babatababa (Kiribati), tibur�n tigre (Spanish), tierhaai (Afrikaans), tigerhai (German), tigre (Portuguese), t�grish�fur (Icelandic), tiikerihai (Finnish), tijgerhaai (Dutch), tintorera (Spanish), tintureira (Portuguese), wulluven sorrah (Tamil), and zarlacz tygrysi (Polish).
Geographical Distribution
The tiger shark is found throughout the world's temperate and tropical waters, with the exception of the Mediterranean Sea. It is a wide-ranging species that is at home both in the open ocean as well as shallow coastal waters. Reports of individuals from as far north as Iceland and the United Kingdom have been confirmed but are probably a result of roaming sharks following the warmer Gulf Stream north across the Atlantic.
World distribution map for the tiger shark
This shark has a notable tolerance for many different kinds of marine habitat but generally prefers murky waters in coastal areas. It is commonly found in river estuaries, harbors, and other inlets where runoff from the land may attract a high number of prey items. Shallow areas around large island chains and oceanic islands including lagoons, are also part of the tiger shark's natural environment. It is often seen at the surface and has been reported to depths of 350 m (1085 ft).
Tiger sharks undergo seasonal migrations. It is well known that they move into temperate waters from the tropics for the warmer months and return during the winter. These sharks also make long oceanic migrations between islands and are capable of traveling long distances in a short amount of time.
Tiger Shark
© John Soward
� Distinctive Features
Probably the most easy to recognize of the requiem sharks, the tiger gets its name from dark black spots and vertical bars which run the length of the body. The anterior portion of the body is stout but becomes increasingly slender posterior to the abdomen. The tiger shark has a robust head with large eyes and a very blunt snout. The mouth itself is large with long labial furrows. The broad first dorsal fin originates posterior to the pectoral axil. The much smaller second dorsal fin initiates anterior to the origin of the strongly recurved anal fin. A ridge is present along the back between the dorsal fins. A low longitudinal keel is present on the caudal peduncle and the upper lobe of the caudal fin is long and thin with a subterminal notch.
Anatomy of the tiger shark
ex Casey (1964) Bur. Sport Fish. & Wildl. Circ., 179
� Coloration
Bluish-green to dark gray or black dorsal surface with a yellowish-white to stark white underbelly. The characteristic dark spots and stripes are most prominent in young sharks and fade as the shark matures.
Juvenile Tiger shark showing color pattern
© George Burgess
� Dentition
The tiger shark has very distinct dentition. The jaws house large teeth with curved cusps and finely serrated edges. Each tooth has a deep notch on the outer margin lined with numerous cusplets. Upper and lower teeth are similar in shape and size and decrease in measurement as they move back toward the mouth's corners.
� Size, Age, and Growth
One of the largest sharks, the tiger shark commonly reaches a length of 325-425 cm (10-14 ft) and weighs over 385-635 kg (850-1400 lbs). Length at birth varies from 51-76 cm (1-1.5 ft). Males reach sexual maturity at 226-290 cm (7-9 ft), while females become mature at 250-325 cm (8-10 ft). The largest specimens are believed to attain a length of over 5.5 m (17 ft) and weigh over 900 kg (2000 lbs).
A) Upper and lower teeth of
Galeocerdo cuvier
, ex Casey (1964) Bur. Sport Fish. & Wildl Circ. 179, and B) Juvenile tiger shark showing dentition
© George Burgess
� Food Habits
Tiger sharks feed on the green sea turtle
courtesy NOAA
Undoubtedly the least discriminative all species, the tiger shark has a reputation as an animal that will eat almost anything. Preferred prey varies depending upon geographical region but commonly includes sea turtles, rays, other sharks, bony fishes, sea birds, dolphins, squid, various crustaceans and carrion. The tiger shark's highly serrated teeth combined with the saw-like action from shaking the head back and forth allows it to tear chunks from much larger marine animals. Interestingly, it is not uncommon to find objects of human origin in this animal's stomach. One large female caught off the north end of the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea contained two empty cans, a plastic bottle, two burlap sacks, a squid, and a 20 cm (8 in) fish. Garbage and refuse is often recovered from the stomachs of sharks caught in harbors and river inlets where it is commonly dumped into the water. Although far from a natural food item, human remains sometime end up in the guts of these scavenging sharks. Tiger sharks are solitary hunters that feed primarily at night as the shark moves further inshore and closer to the surface. Tiger sharks are sometimes seen in groups of several but this is probably a result of congregations of food items in the vicinity.
� Reproduction
Female tiger shark with mating scars from bites of male during mating attempts
© Doug Perrine
The tiger shark is the only species of its family that is ovoviviparous. The gestation period ranges from 14-16 months, at which time a female can give birth to anywhere from 10 to 80 pups. In the Northern Hemisphere, mating takes place between March and May and the young are born between April and June of the following year. In the Southern Hemisphere, it is believed that pupping occurs in November to January. It is believed by some scientists that because of the large size of the young at birth, uterine nutrition is supplemented by 'uterine milk' secreted by the lining of the uterus.
Newborn tiger shark
© Doug Perrine
Importance to Humans
Tiger shark caught during a fishing derby off Jacksonville, Florida in 1981
Although not targeted directly by the commercial fishery in the US, the tiger shark is routinely harvested for its fins and flesh. In addition, its liver, which tends to have a very high vitamin A content, is used to produce vitamin oil while its thick, tough skin makes for quality leather. Beside its significance to the commercial fishery, the tiger shark is a highly sought after big game fish.
Danger to Humans
The tiger shark is second only to the white shark in number of reported attacks on humans. Its large size and voraciousness make it a formidable predator in the ocean. Tiger sharks can be curious and aggressive towards humans in the water and must be considered with a great deal of respect.
Both commercial and recreational fishing catch rates for this species in the mid-Atlantic region have declined since the mid-1980's, indicating that fishing pressure has adversely affected the size of the population. In contrast, relative abundance and catch rates for this species noted by commercial fisheries observers, especially for juveniles, are much higher than in previous fishery-independent and fishery-dependent surveys. The World Conservation Union (IUCN) presently lists the tiger shark as "Near Threatened" throughout its range. The IUCN is a global union of states, governmental agencies, and non-governmental organizations in a partnership that assesses the conservation status of species.
Prepared by:
Craig Knickle


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Heavenly ReviewsStateline, CA US
Contact Info / Directions
back to main page
Recent Heavenly Reviews6 Heavenly Review(s), post yours and get a chance to win lift tickets.
Post a Review
|Overall Averages
(4.40) Overall
(4.20) Skiing / Terrain
(3.40) Value / Prices
(3.60) Service
(3.33) Dining / Bars
Great ski conditions 3/24/14-3/27/14
03/30/2014 by: Anonymous
Received $55 tickets from Heavenly tram employees.
This skier appreciates this offer.
More Ratings:
Heavenly Lake Tahoe Valentines Skiing
02/21/2014 by: Anonymous
Great skiing Sat. Feb.15/2014 Great skiing Sun. Feb.16/2014 Nevada side ballroom skiing Olympic-Dipper-Comet California side ballroom skiing Sky-Canyon Very expensive lift ticket: $100/day REI discount tickets
More Ratings:
2 different days at heavenly
12/23/2008 by: chad
Rode 2 days t heavenly yesterday and today. Yesterday the weather was sunny, clear, and warm. No winds at all. Today was cold, snowy about 80% of the day and a fresh 1 to 3 inches of accumulation I believe. Today had worse visibility but because I rode there yesterday as well I was not surprised of where some bumps and flat spots were. Snowing tonight and tomorrow should make for great conditions my last 2 days here til new years monday and tuesday. Can't wait to shred it up! Post another couple reviews after that! Happy holidays and happy shredding!!
More Ratings:
Great skiing on Tues 2/5/08 & Wed. 2/6/08
02/17/2008 by: Eric Schine
Great ballroom skiing top to bottom. Best skiing experience: North Bowl-Olympic : Nevada Sky-Canyon: California
More Ratings:
best Snowboarding in the area
01/18/2008 by: Barbara
It was my first time Snowboarding on the west cost and i Hit a joked pot with Heavenly. Not only that the snow conditions were great ,they also have great child care. I was little worry to leave my 2.5 year old daughter there, since i have never left her in any day care before, but when i picked her up she loved it. They also gave me a report of the activities they did and what she ate that day. I will definitely leave her next time i go. i would recommend to everyone just make sure to call and make a reservation early the day care fill up fast.
More Ratings:
If you love trees, dont look elsewhere!
12/14/2007 by: Rahul
I love this place, and held passes for a couple of years.. Lots been said about heavenly.. intermediate, spread out, traverses, crowded... Well, all that is true.. But if you love the trees, this is the best place in Tahoe to be, even with the crowds.. I could find unlapped lines well into the afternoon on a busy powder day in the trees. Lines do get long, but the lifts are fast. I recommend the nevada side over california..
More Ratings:


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The Windows third-party developer ecosystem, carefully cultivated by Microsoft, has long been one of the most vibrant communities of its kind, adding value and innovation to the core Windows platform. Trusted third-party components can speed the development process, cut costs, and ultimately make the difference between project success and failure.
Windows is so pervasive in the technology industry that it's likely almost every commercial developer has done some sort of Windows development at one point in time. Through the years, third-party tools, frameworks, and libraries have blossomed around the popular Windows-based technologies of the day. Today, it's blossoming again around Silverlight and the cloud. Other areas of the Windows ecosystem include application design and code generation (IBM's Rational, for example), SharePoint tools, SQL Server modeling and development tools, and Windows server management. Tools help make developers successful, and Microsoft itself, by design, is far from the only vendor for native Windows application development. Let's explore this in greater detail.
Widget Libraries
Microsoft has always been a leader in user interface design, often creating Windows widgets (called Controls) for its products, then making them available to developers through the Windows Software Development Kit. Examples are the toolbar, with its associated tooltips and, more recently, the Ribbon interface. However, with special support for native custom Windows control and ActiveX control development, Microsoft also has fostered a third-party Windows widget ecosystem.
Early vendors such as Sheridan (acquired by Infragistics) offered specialized custom Windows controls. These widget libraries helped fill niches, target specific industries, and plug gaps in Windows' own toolkit. This meant that Microsoft wouldn't need to bear the burden of providing all of these widgets and controls, and third-party application developers were offered options through the very ecosystem that they were a part of.
This ecosystem has grown beyond single UI-based solutions and now extends to full libraries. The Boost C++ Libraries, which support the C++ Standard Template Library and other up-to-date C++ standards on Windows, is an example. In addition, communities such as Codeguru.com have grown to provide an avenue for developers to offer their libraries for all facets of Windows development to other developers within the ecosystem. This includes enhancements to the .Net framework, Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF), the Windows Phone 7 Software Development Kit, and Silverlight.
The Open Source Question
Microsoft has resisted the open source movement in terms of its crown jewels: Windows and the Office suite. Even Visual Studio has remained closed with commercial licensing, though the relatively limited Express edition is available free of charge.
This doesn't mean that open source tools, compilers, and IDEs don't exist for Windows. IBM's Lee Nackman claims that the open source Eclipse IDE, along with the choice of name, was created to target Microsoft and, specifically, Visual Studio. Eclipse is known as a Java development environment, but combined with other open source frameworks, it supports native Windows application development. For example, the Minimalist GNU for Windows (MinGW) proj ect provides a complete framework and set of open source tools for native Windows development. It contains no commercial libraries, but fully supports and depends on Microsoft's own libraries, such as the MSVCRT.DLL CRuntime for Windows.
Microsoft's decision to make the runtime easily accessible in this form was intentional, and it has allowed for the further growth of the developer ecosystem. As a result, Microsoft can boast support for open source Windows application development without having to release and support its own software with open source licensing.
Regardless of how you feel about Microsoft's strategy, it does result in a win-win scenario for both Microsoft and developers who want open source tools. For developers, the resulting open source market for tool and IDEs has lowered the entry costs for Windows development, increased mindshare among students, and cultivated startups around Microsoft technologies. The result is quicker and cheaper market solutions for third-party developers and an increase in Windows-based technologies being deployed in data centers.


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The One Thing You Should NEVER Do With Your Boarding Pass
Is there any better feeling than heading off on your holidays?
Switching your email response to 'Out of Office,' locking up the house and getting the hell out of dodge, seriously NOTHING quite beats this feeling.
And many travellers are guilty of this next step.
When we arrive at the airport and get ourselves all checked in, the next place we usually head for is the bar.
After we've settled down into our seats, we like to log on to Facebook and share a photo of our smug airport check-ins, strategically placing our drinks beside the boarding pass in a bid to make our mates green with envy.
However it's reportedly extremely easy to access someone's information just from the details on their boarding pass.
Brian Krebs, who specialises in investigative stories on cybercrime and computer security, says that the bar code or QR code contained on a boarding pass can contain information about you, including your future travel plans or your frequent flyer details.
To prove a point one traveller used an online barcode reader to read the code a friend of his had uploaded to Facebook.
Within minutes he could see all future flights his friend had booked and could actually make changes such as cancelling flights or changing seat allocations, as well as accessing his friend's phone number and other details.
But that's the least of your problems, identity theft is also a real possibility.
So think twice before you post that all-important airport check-in pic to Facebook, it could end up costing you a LOT more than you bargained for.
Source Independent


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To celebrate the festive month, Erocolle will be giving away a goody a day up until December the 25th! To keep things interesting, I am giving away all kinds of goodies, not just beauty!
You can enter all the giveaways and winners will be chosen in the first week of January. Use the Christmas Giveaways Tag to see all the contests.
All contests are open internationally and you can enter using the comments or via Twitter.
Good Luck & have an wonderful Christmas!
Everyone needs to cool down sometimes, so how about a few of these funky Evian Brumisateur Sprays to keep at home, at work, in your bag….
Evian Brumisateur is useful for hydrating the skin when it feels a bit dry and I personally use it to wet my face a bit before applying foundation (if it's too heavy).
They say:
Wake-up your skin and senses with Evian Facial Spray! Used daily, Evian Facial Spray increases your skins hydration, helps to fix make-up, and offers you constant freshness and purity. From the French Alps, Evian natural mineral water has a balanced mineral composition and a neutral pH suiting all skin types.
Wanna win?Method 1.
Answer the following question:
When you are feeling hot, what cools you down?
It has to be an ice cool glass of full fat coke.
Method 2.
Follow me on Twitter and retweet (RT) the following message:
"RT @cosmetic_candy: Follow & RT to win Eian Brumisateur Sprays. Info: ttp://tinyurl.com/336qgrq"
*Note: if you change the tweet, it will not count as an entry.
Good Luck!


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Database patch tool
This tool allows users of the IUCLID 6 application to apply fixes that correct existing data in a IUCLID 6 database.
More information can be found in the manual for the IUCLID 6 database patch tool, which can be found from here.
IUCLID 6 database patch tool (2 August 2016)
Please sign in to download files
Categories Display
Route: .live1


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"The highlight of our trip was La Paloma. The 5-star treehouse, as my husband called it, was spectular. Every morning we looked forward to dining with the guests and meeting new people. Nicole and Nancy, the managers, made us feel like family and took care of our every need. We loved the hike through Corcovado, the lunch spread by our guide, Randall, the snorkeling with Gustavo, discovering the night life with Tracy, the Bug Lady. We did not want to leave!."
- Kelly and Robert Schwartz


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New Science Book Fair 2011Activity by Oono Syoji | added on Jul 19, 2011 | Japan
Sponsor(s): Japan Science Book Catalogue Publication Society (supported by 11 publishers)
Since it's establishment in 1957, we have published Annual catalogue of Science books of Japan to promote spread of science books. This activity allows for the promotion of chemical academic titles in retail stores.
The society has issued annual catalogue and semi-annual bulletins for all science titles in Japan. In the spring issue of bulletin, we feature chemical books of Japan to commemorate World Chemical Year of 2011. The issue will be delivered to 10,000 researchers of Universities. From 1st April to 30th September we will held New Book Fair 2011 in 50 participating stores with poster or panels to rouse interest to chemistry.
|fair, books, publications
|researchers, students, general public
Want to submit your own activity or comment?
In order to do so you need to be part of the IYC network. Please log in or sign up now.
Join the IYC Network


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Episode 1
Episode 1 | 1h 48s
After serving a draconian prison term for stealing bread, Jean Valjean is released. He resorts to petty crime, but Bishop Myriel teaches him a valuable lesson.
Aired: 04/14/19
Expires: 05/19/26Video has closed captioning.
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Cast & Characters: Who's Who
Check out our list of where you've seen the Les Misérables cast before!
Les Misérables: What You Need To Know
Get all the details on when to watch, the illustrious cast and this unique new adaptation.
Sign up for Les Miserables Insider Emails
Get exclusive cast interviews, behind-the-scenes and historical content, and more!
Episode 1 Recap, History and Locations
Explore the essential episode moments, real-life history and epic filming locations.


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FOTOFEST KATY: Call for entries
Must be at least 18 years old to participate.
Theme: WHAT IS KATY?
Please help spread the word to photographers in the area and out! FOTOFEST has arrived in Katy, Texas! This biennial is the biggest photography exhibit in the world, home to Houston and now also Katy!
Entries due by Saturday, January 14th at midnight.
Entries must be submitted by email to email@example.com
No limit on number of entries. Entry form will be posted soon onwww.katyalliance.com
Results will be posted by the end of January on www.katyalliance.com
Panel of 3 judges.
Framing must be black or stark white only (preferably wood). Matting must be white or black. Glass allowed.


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Yoga and Spanish with over 170 activities per week in Sevilla
You will have 2 hours of Spanish daily tutorial. Included accommodation in bed and breakfast in shared flat and three days with over 170 activities and Yoga ...
A different way to learn Spanish in Sevilla.
With special activities and workshops where you can learn Spanish through experience while enjoying encounters with new people and go about your own preferences.
We have developed more than one hundred activities that you can choose freely through a schedule and our associated partners.
our method
You'll be pleased with our method and the results will. We think of people who want to learn Spanish and fleeing the classic form of classes and classrooms so we designed this formula. It consists of formal and informal learning and also incorporate a special format for Dummies (not feel offended) because our mission is to enjoy and communicate with other people wanting help with their knowledge in an informal way.
In the standard package
Private-Tutoring (two hours)
Physical and sports-activities. 170 classes a week of different activities in English at the Following times * (three full week within days Standard-see price schedules in the photo section)
SPA water therapy type
You can also enjoy the following facilities included in the price *
Fitness Room 1.500 m2 and fully equipped with the latest machinery
Personal Training Zone
Living cycle with over 50 bikes
Remo Room
Martial arts room.
Other, please look at the schedule picture.
Indoor pools and spa areas with hot tub, hot tubs, saunas and steam baths. Spacious and modern costumes.
Hours are 8 am to 10 uninterrupted hours in which you can support activities as you want freely without limits in a first-class facilities.
Using cap, flip flops, lock for locker and towel for use of the facilities. Not allowed to go barefoot or naked public areas.
You can attend activities freely as you like, all taught in Spanish
We developed the program in agreement with our partners to which you must follow the precise requirements
Language-exchange with local people of the city.
Guidebook private passenger or public relations according to your interest to your informal learning. We can get to learn Spanish the way it motivates you more. Please RP thinks we have qualified and the possibility of generating a program suited to your area of interest, specialty, profession, business or tastes.
- Part of the morning
Breakfast accompanied Teacher (agreed place and time) and one hour of individual tutoring services in the venue or at home where you stay itself.
- Morning
For three days a week you have included in the price over 170 activities and Yoga with our partners. Have a schedule that will update in photos and graphics section of this tab. You have also the possibility once you go to do backup enlarge 3 more days of activities. The schedule of activities Saturday and Sunday is more reduced.
- Part pm
You can prepare food in your accommodation or choose menus in a variety of offers from 9 euros. Also broaden the extras-if family-home two more meals in the day.
- Part pm
You can take to prepare your afternoon class we can arrange after your dinner. Tutorial of the agreed time schedule.
- Night
Events out of the city where I serve as a guide the first three days and we keep practicing. From the fourth day you prepare forms of cultural activities and contacts visit to socialize, it's a way to improvise and start practicing in a spontaneous environment.
Standard included in the package
It is interesting to your learning cultivate relationships and learn to share your skills with others. For that we have organized a program that includes this possibility and given the opportunity to socialize with local people while enjoying the cuisine, city tours, arranged for areas of interest to visit, events, etc.
Depending on the availability of an initial event in order to be able to match them with the rest of the group or part of those who choose to be concluded meeting match.
Our organization has partnerships with nonprofit and voluntary organizations. Depending on availability you can bring a context to accompany the event or events that may occur throughout the week. Previously communicated with via email in order to help you organize your own schedule and stay in touch with people interested.
We organize language exchanges and speed data once a week according to availability and partners.
In order to gain prominence and attention to your learning and experience in the city let us know your skills or the ability to make any exchange in addition to those more organized.
In the morning the first class to give the earliest time you want and have breakfast in various locations around the city every day as we continue practicing your Spanish Podre serve as a guide for those morning walks. Then you can choose from over 170 activities through our partners and you have included in the price for three days of your stay.
You'll have time to study and do your exercises in class until the second hour of the afternoon Spanish previously also agree to the schedule. Finally every day have the chance to choose my activities organized by cultural or city where you will be able to integrate and socialize with the environment of the city.
We've added several interesting excursions where you have a companion during your stay and keep practicing your Spanish until no more can.
We have arranged for accommodation and our specialized partner in family homes. We also have one bedroom apartments and studios in a single space. When booking you will see a box where you can choose these plus. Tick the box of your choice apply the price difference. Note that we can send you updated photos and confirm to the hotel once you have chosen the dates of your visit and then we will send the graphic information specific place where you stayed.
extra activities
- When selecting to make the booking extras can choose more activities with an additional payment. Both the type of extra accommodation on the price as adding more days of activities, etc.. Please if you do not find activities or services please contact your choice to see the possibilities.
- Contact people "LOCAL" and PR
- Extra Meals
- For additional fees, you can also use discounted where sports activities take place *
8 tennis paddle.
Physiotherapy Clinic and Fisioestetica
Doctor visits: Nutrition, podiatry and sports medicine, and general
To perform additional activities including a supplement on the price you should consult on site and reserves have to do in order to perform the activity or consultation.
We developed the program in agreement with our partners
Accommodation, facilities, utilities
- Town
- City
- Bed & Breakfast
- Air Conditioning
- Electricity
- Hot water
- Water
- Booked
- Pending
- Available
- Unknown
|Nightly rate
|Min. Stay
|Rate summary
|7 Nights
|Addon type
|Charge type
|Activities three days more, according to time tabl
|Weekly - per person
Check in: 14:00, Check out: 12:00
Payment options: Cash
Pets: No, Smoke: Yes, smokers welcome, Children: Yes, great for kids, Long term rentals: No, Elderly or infirm: Not suitable, Wheelchair: No


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The global war on drugs has not succeeded in any way according to a new report by former world leaders and politicians.
The group, The Global Commission on Drug Policy, calls for the legalization of many drugs and the end of prosecution for users.
The 19 member panel includes Paul Volcker, General Kofi Annan, Mexico's former president Ernesto Zedillo, leaders of Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, and Richard Branson.
According to the paper:
Vast expenditures ... have clearly failed to curtail supply or consumption. Victories in eliminating one source or trafficking organization are negated almost instantly by the emergence of other sources or traffickers.
The report points out that anti-drug policy causes thousands of deaths, organized crime, and costs taxpayers untold millions of dollars.
It is clear that the present system of applying the criminal law to the personal use and possession of drugs has failed in its aim. Conversely, the harms caused by pursuing this approach to drug use have been significant.
The report went on to especially criticize the U.S. saying that in the 40 years since President Nixon initiated the war on drugs an army of organized crime has risen to meet the demand. Instead of punishing users the report suggests governments experiment with legal models and choose strategies based on human rights and health care.
Political leaders and public figures should have the courage to articulate publicly what many of them acknowledge privately: that the evidence overwhelmingly demonstrates that repressive strategies will not solve the drug problem, and that the war on drugs has not, and cannot, be won.
White house drug czar Gil Kerlikowske broadly rejects the commissions recommendations.


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The most advanced Texas Hold'Em AI on the iPad! 16 AI Personalities! Completely FREE to play!Full Deck Casino features an unique AI system that watches you play and will slowly get better at playing you the more hands of poker you play. Each of the 16 unique AI characters has a different style of play. Statistics let you track how well you are doing and visually show you how well you are progressing!The AI tracks how you play and adjusts its style to match. The different personalities play different approaches, bluffers, beginners, pros, are all in there. You can play tables from four to ten players.- 16 AI characters with unique poker personalities- opponent modeling AI system that improves the more you play!- daily spin to give you extra cash- a rich uncle that feels sorry for you when you run low- limit and no limit tables- play for dollars or millions of dollars- extra card sets you can earn and play- power ups let you unlock bigger spin bonuses, a hand strength evaluator, and more- iCloud syncing keeps your winnings and features up to date- FREE to play, chips added daily for all AI players!
|File Size
|Operating System
|System Requirements
|Compatible with iPad. iTunes account required.


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Recent Posts
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Tag Archives: schedule two
MISSING CHILDREN, MILK CARTONS AND JOHN WALSH THE ACTOR see those numbers and how much tech do we have and still cant solve missing children cases? what a bunch of bullshit. that list of missing children is an indicator for … Continue reading
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged actor john walsh, all-o-filia, child porn, child pornography, children, christian ops, christian political correctness and courtly behavior, communites, courting, courtly behavior, crazy, disney schedule two scenario, eloping, envy, framing, free your children, fuck schedule two, go back to sleep, in a world where everyone can read one anothers mind is there sense in marriage institutions and relationship ideas and principles, incest, indians put to schedule two, jealousy, jon stewart, kidnapping, kings and queens and princess complexes, life is spirit, lmao, lol, marriage institutions, marriage institutions are for management of people and partnerships, missing children, monitoring tech, move schedule two to schedule one, niggers put to schedule two, omnifilia, ophelia, parents kidnap their own children away from the other parent, pc, pedofilia, pedofilia is used as a weapon, pedofilia is used to control people, pedofilia is used to frame, pedofilia is used to railroad people, persons of importance in your life, politically correct, put you on a politically correct schedule to shut you up, railroading, rape, runaways, schedule two, several soul mates, sexual abuse, sexual persecution, significant persons in your life, society, soul mates, spirit is soul, surveillance technologies, technologies, the people on your lan, theres a difference between pedofilia and omnifilia, third worlders put to schedule two, time travel technologies, women are jealoused beasts and so can daddy, wtf, your lan, your wifi Leave a comment


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TUESDAY, May 17, 2011 (HealthDay News) -- Two U.S. Food and Drug Administration advisory committees plan to meet Tuesday and Wednesday to decide whether to recommend that the dosing instructions on the labels of medicines containing acetaminophen need to be fine-tuned to protect children under the age of 2 against possible liver failure and even death.
Currently, the labels of such fever-reducing medications, which include Children's Tylenol, have dosing instructions for children aged 2 and up. For kids under 2, the labels simply tell parents to "ask a doctor."
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and drug manufacturers are both strongly in favor of giving parents the additional dosing information.
"If we give parents better information, they will be able to give enough of the medicine to work well, at the same time minimizing the side effects," said Dr. Daniel Frattarelli, a pediatrician in Dearborn, Mich. who chairs the academy's drug committee and who plans to testify before a joint, two-day meeting of the Nonprescription Drugs Advisory Committee and the Pediatric Advisory Committee.
"Parents want to do the right thing for their children," he said. "We as a medical community have to give them that information so they are able to do this."
Although the evidence shows that acetaminophen is safe for young children, parents have to be careful with it, pediatricians noted. Giving too much can be toxic to the liver, causing poisoning and even liver failure.
In 2010, there were 270,000 reported overdoses of acetaminophen, according to the American Association of Poison Control Centers. Dosing errors involving children's acetaminophen products accounted for almost 7,500 cases -- nearly 3 percent.
In an ideal world, the parents of infants and toddlers would still consult with their pediatrician or pharmacist to get the proper medication dosing, said Dr. William Basco, director of general pediatrics at the Medical University of South Carolina.
But the reality is that many parents aren't doing that and are instead guessing about proper dosing. "There is no benefit to having parents guess at the right dose," Basco said.
Drug makers, including McNeil Consumer Healthcare, which makes Tylenol, also support the change.
"McNeil is committed to encouraging the appropriate and safe use of medicines in children, including adding new dosing information on the OTC pediatric acetaminophen label to assist caregivers and health-care providers in appropriately dosing children, especially those 6 to 23 months of age," the company wrote in materials submitted to the FDA.
By way of comparison, drugs containing ibuprofen -- another heavily used over-the-counter fever reducer -- already include dosing information for children under age 2.
Children's medications containing acetaminophen have been sold over-the-counter since 1959, and dosing information for children has been on the labels since the 1970s, according to McNeil.
Back then, doses for kids were somewhat crude -- children 12 and up were advised to take the adult dose, kids 6 to 12 were told to take half that, and kids younger than 6 were told to take a quarter of the adult dose.
Since then, as physicians have learned more about the medications, dosing recommendations for infants and toddlers have become more refined and now should be based on weight, not age, according to the AAP. (Age is still listed on package labeling, the AAP explained.) Kids' weights can range widely at any given age, so the correct dose for a child on the heavier side may not be the correct dose for a smaller child of the same age.
Though acetaminophen is safe even in newborns if used correctly, the drug makers and the AAP are calling for expanding the labeling information for children 6 months old and up.
Parents should still be encouraged to consult with their physicians before giving medication to younger children, especially those under the age of 3 months, Frattarelli said. Fevers of more than 100.4 degrees need to be taken very seriously in infants, whose immune systems are not fully developed and whose vaccinations haven't yet fully kicked in, he explained.
The AAP will also recommend dosing instructions be given in the milliliters, a more precise measurement than teaspoons. "A lot of parents think they can open the silverware drawer and take out a spoon, but that's not a good way to do it," Frattarelli said.
In addition, the AAP will request that acetaminophen only be sold in products marketed to children in "single-agent" formulations, rather than products that contain acetaminophen and other drugs. That would help avoid parents unwittingly giving a double dose of acetaminophen because they've given their child say, a cough medication that also contains acetaminophen and Children's Tylenol on top of that.
Earlier this month, the Consumer Healthcare Products Association, a trade association for over-the-counter drug-makers, agreed to sell only one concentration of acetaminophen in products for infant and children to prevent dosing errors.
Previously, for example, Infant's Tylenol liquid drops were much more concentrated than Children's Tylenol, which could easily lead to confusion if parents didn't read the label or know there was a difference.
Drug-makers agreed to phase out the infant drops concentration starting in the middle of this year.
In any given week, about 23 percent of kids under age 2 are given acetaminophen, according to background information from McNeil.
"Acetaminophen dosing errors are a rare but potentially very severe adverse event that could lead to liver failure or even death for kids," said Dr. Richard Dart, president of the American Association of Poison Control Centers, in a news release. "This decision will lessen the chance that parents will give their children the wrong dose."
At the hearing, the FDA will also consider adding a weight-based dosing regimen to the existing age-based dosing regimen for kids 2 to 12 and to make it mandatory to include a universal measuring tool with all children's formulas.
More information
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has more on giving over-the-counter medications to children.


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Decorative deer, gold, 25 cm
Item number: 461.610.00
One of the favourite items for any Christmas decoration is the decorative deer made of plastic. It brings a certain shine to your shop window thanks to its ... › More
- colour: gold
- height: height 25 cm
- Price plus Shipping costs
- 1 piece €9.70 VAT excl. €5.90 VAT excl. €7.02 VAT incl.
Item x added
Overview of your shopping basket


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Family: Asteraceae (Compositae)
Extraction: Distilled from herb and flowers. The odor is green, herbaceous and sharp.
Medicinal Action: Yarrow treats digestive and muscular cramps, hemorrhoids, menstrual irregularity and urinary infections.
Cosmetic/Skin Use: Helps heal rashes and wounds, acne, eczema, inflammation, varicose veins, and wounds. It is also used as a hair tonic.
Emotional Attribute: Yarrow instills a sense of security and assists long-range planning.


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Columbia 300 Blog
Welcome to Our New Website
Columbia 300 Team | 8/6/13 | General
Welcome to the new Columbia300.com! Our new website was created to give you a fun and informative look at our balls, bags and accessories. If you have questions or comments, please don't hesitate to give us a call or send us a note. We'd love to hear from you!


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Panamanian Golden Frog - Atelopus zeteki
The Panamanian golden frog (Atelopus zeteki) is a critically endangered toad which is endemic to Panama. It has been considered a subspecies of A. varius, but is now generally regarded as a separate species.[1] While the IUCN still lists it as critically endangered,[2] it may have been extinct in the wild since 2007. Individuals have been collected for breeding in captivity in a bid to preserve the species.[3]
Although known as a frog, the golden frog, despite being smooth-skinned and frog-like in appearance, is classified as a "True toad" (Bufonidae). Like other frogs and toads, the golden frog is capable of secreting poison to help protect themselves from predators. In the case of the golden frog, this is a water-soluble neurotoxin called zetekitoxin.[4]
In dry habitat, the adult male measures 35 millimetres (1.4 in) to 40 millimetres (1.6 in) and weighs 3 grams (0.11 oz) to 5 grams (0.18 oz). The adult female ranges from 45 to 55 mm and from 4 to 7 g. It is larger in wet forests, where the male can grow to 48 mm and weigh up to 12 g, and the female can be as large as 63 mm and weigh up to 15 g.[5] They inhabit tropical forest regions, particularly on mountains, near streams.[4]


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Prices are tax included
Find accessories for your car here. W Livingstone LTD provide the latest car accessories to improve the look and performance
and to suit all makes and models of vehicles.
Change your look, add extras, customise your style with our range of interior accessories for you SEAT and other car makes
Air Freshners
Freshen your car with a breath of air from our Little Tree Range
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Video Blog: Been to the Great Barrier Reef Lately?
A great discussion here following a virtual fieldtrip (VFT) to the Great Barrier Reef in Australia by a 5th grade class at Augusta Elementary School in Greenville, South Carolina, .
Cisco's Dr. Lance Ford discusses the experience with one of the 5th grade students and her father who also attended the VFT.
Margaret Murphy, the 5th grade teacher who planned the VFT had this to say:
"Extending an opportunity to students to (voluntarily) come to school and immerse themselves in a foreign ecosystem is an amazing new method to reach our children….Not only did our students leave asking and thinking of more questions than they ever knew about the Great Barrier Reef, they were probing their parents to answer questions that the parents have never considered before. I have received more parental and student feedback on this VFT than I have on our three day (face-to-face) field trip to a South Carolina ecosystem."
"Allowing students to feel as if they can 'virtually travel' half way around the world and experience/interact with an underwater ecosystem is absolutely amazing. I had a parent who emailed the program director in Australia to ask some more questions that they had over dinner that night. The level of engagement is incomparable. I have a 40 day unit to teach on Ecosystems and I believe that the children who participated in the Great Barrier Reef VFT experience learned more in that hour than they will from my Ecosystems Unit. Ideas of mutualism, parasitism, adaptations, food webs, limiting factors, and the balance of nature were all included while shocking the students with hugs from sharks. You can't get that in the traditional classroom setting."
Have you been involved in an interesting VFT (or regular FT) lately?
Stay tuned for other great conversations about VFTs, professional development and more!
In an effort to keep conversations fresh, Cisco Blogs closes comments after 60 days. Please visit the Cisco Blogs hub page for the latest content.


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but the problem is that makes the original one pretty much worthless to those who bought the subscription just for shadow weaver. its like marvel vs capcom 3 no mention of ultimate edition when it comes out everybody buys the normal one 2 months later the ultimate comes out with extra characters playable galactus and actual differences between skins.
now there is a precedent in that with super street fighter 2 ultimate mortal kombat 3 but is still a contemptible thing to do
and as i mentioned before store exclusives are designed to be bought later due to the fact you would have to buy arkham city twice if you wanted batman beyond and 1970's as i did (sinestro corps was actually a blue ray exclusive)


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Mark DeGarmeaux
Mark DeGarmeaux
- B.S. Elementary Education, Dr. Martin Luther College, New Ulm, Minnesota, 1980
- M.Div., Bethany Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mankato, Minnesota, 1985
- S.T.M., Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary, Mequon, Wisconsin, 2000, Concentration in Old Testament exegesis
- Further study in Norwegian, German, Latin, and Hebrew
Academic Interests
Religion, Music, Languages (Norwegian, Danish, Latin, German, Hebrew), Norwegian culture
Mark DeGarmeaux grew up on a farm in southwest Wisconsin. He married Rebecca (Krueger) in 1984.
- Scandinavian-American hymnody, history, church history, culture
- Old Testament (Hebrew language)
- NORTANA (Norwegian Teachers Association of North America)
- Sons of Norway
- American Guild of Organists
- Evangelical Lutheran Synod Historical Society
- Minnesota Valley Chorale (former singer/soloist)
Professional Background
- Taught college level: organ, piano, Religion, Norwegian, Latin, Hebrew, hymnody, music theory
- Church organist (part-time, 1981-1984, 1995-present)
- Pastor (1985-1995, northeast Iowa)
- Evangelical Lutheran Synod worship committee
- Translator (Norwegian, Danish, German, Latin)
- Evangelical Lutheran Hymnary (co-editor)
- Book of Family Prayer (translator)
- Mother of the Reformation: The Amazing Life and Story of Katharine Luther (translator)
- Luther's Works (translations in recent additional volumes)
- U. V. Koren's Works (4 volumes)
- Truth unto Godliness (translator) Pontoppidan's catechism explanation (published in an anthology of catechisms)
- "With Tears of Anguish I Lament" for Solo and SATB choir
- Articles on Old Testament, worship, church history, explore website
- Workshops for amateur church organists in smaller parishes
- U. V. Koren (founder of Luther College)
- Katie Luther
Mark serves Bethany's campus as chapel organist and choir accompanist, and has previously served on boards of Sons of Norway and Minnesota Valley Chorale.
Foods of various cultures. In 2012 I baked 50 different types of raised breads. I try to connect food and culture, making traditional foods on various national days.
Teaching Philosophy
I believe in active learning. I try to connect movement with learning when possible. I also believe in the interconnectedness of learning, trying to relate various fields of study with each other.
Watch and listen to chapel services with Mark DeGarmeaux as organist or preacher.