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Researchers turn to technology to discover a novel way of mapping landscapes
University of Cincinnati researchers are blending technology with tradition, as they discover new and improved methods for mapping landscapes. The research is newly published in the Journal of Applied Geography (Vol. 45, December 2013) by UC authors Jacek Niesterowicz, a doctoral student in the geography department, and Professor Tomasz Stepinski, the Thomas Jefferson Chair of Space Exploration in the McMicken College of Arts and Sciences (A&S).
The researchers say the analysis is the first to use a technology from a field of machine vision to build a new map of landscape types – a generalization of a popular land cover/land use map. Whereas land cover/land use pertains to physical material at, or utilization of, the local piece of Earth's surface, a landscape type pertains to a pattern or a mosaic of different land covers over a larger neighborhood.
Machine vision is a subfield of computer science devoted to analyzing and understanding the content of images. A role of a machine vision algorithm is to "see" and interpret images as close to human vision interpretation as possible. Previous uses of the technology have focused on medicine, industry and government, ranging from robotics to face detection.
The UC research focused on a very large map of land cover/land use, called the National Land Cover Database 2006, developed by the U.S. Geological Survey.
Niesterowicz says he developed and applied machine vision-based algorithms to map landscape types in an area of northern Georgia that he selected because of the diverse patterns of land cover. The result allowed the researchers to discover and differentiate 15 distinctive landscape types, including separating forests by their domination of different plant species.
"Before now, people would do this mapping by hand, but if you had 10 maps drawn by 10 people, they would all be different," says Stepinski.
Niesterowicz says the information uncovered by auto-mapping of landscape types would be useful for a number of fields, ranging from geographic research to land management, urban planning and conservation.
"The good thing about this method is that it doesn't need to be restricted to land cover or other physical variables – it can be applied as well to socio-economic data, such as U.S. Census data, for example," says Niesterowicz.
"It's an entirely new way to conduct geographic research," says Stepinski.
"By leveraging technology developed in the field of computer science, it's possible to make geography searchable by content. Using this technique, for example, we can quickly discover (using Web-based applications on our website) that farms in Minnesota are on average larger than farms in Ohio, and ask why that is."
The researchers say future research will involve using the method to identify characteristic landscape types (from waterways to forests to regions influenced by human habitation) over the entire United States.
Stepinski adds that longer-term applications could involve comparisons of landscape types of other countries with those of the United States and to identify characteristic patterns of different geographical entities, such as terrain, or human patterns including socioeconomics and race.
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What had been a heated issue may have cooled down a bit Wednesday night when a committee put together to discuss fire protection issues for many Washington Countians came together at the same table.
Members of both the Washington County Fiscal Court and the Washington County Fire Protection Association seemed to agree something needs to be done to prevent the loss of the county's fire department, and both expressed interest in working to keep the department together and serving the people of the county.
If you don't like paying a $45 annual fee for fire protection on your property taxes, wait until you see your insurance bill next year. If the Washington County Fire Protection Association goes through with its plans to dissolve itself, insurance providers say many local property owners could pay dearly for that decision.
Recycling is catching on in Washington County and nothing proves that more than the school recycling contest held last year. In fact, it was so popular, the county is doing it again.
A new face will soon appear on the pages of The Springfield Sun as Lebanon native Jesse Osbourne joins the staff as the paper's new sports and news writer and photographer.
Osbourne, 28, is a 2006 graduate of Western Kentucky University with a bachelor of arts degree in photojournalism and a minor in English.
Most recently, he has served as sports writer and photographer for The Lebanon Enterprise in Marion County since October 2008. Prior to returning to Lebanon, Osbourne spent time working at Highlands Today in Sebring, Fla., as well as The Danville Advocate-Messenger in Danville, Ky.
In an effort to stay in contact with students and parents, the Washington County School District is joining the world of social networking.
Dawn Pettus, community education director for the district, has announced that the school system has a presence on the popular social networking Web site, Facebook.
Pettus said the site is being used to find even more ways to be in touch with the students, parents, and even faculty of the school system.
"It's just another way to get information out there," Pettus said. "We have a goal of 500 fans for the page by the end of the year."
When we sit down with our families at Thanksgiving and think of things for which we should be thankful, we should not forget people like Zack Parrish.
If the Washington County Fire Protection Association sticks to its plans, you can forget about the group's long-discussed plans of building a new fire station, because it won't be needed. As of Dec. 31, the association will cease to exist, and so will the valuable services offered to many Washington Countians.
In a letter delivered to The Springfield Sun on Thursday, Nov. 18, the WCFPA announced that it will no longer provide fire coverage, and directed that responsibility to the Washington County Fiscal Court and Judge-Executive John Settles.
All members of the community are invited to the annual community Thanksgiving service sponsored by the Washington County Ministerial Association on Tuesday, Nov. 23, at 7 p.m. at Holy Rosary Catholic Church, 348 Rosary Heights Street, Springfield. Join your neighbors of all faiths for this time of giving thanks together for our many blessings.
The annual Empty Bowl Supper to benefit New Pioneers for a Sustainable Future will take place at the Valley Hill Store, 65 Valley Hill Road, on Friday, Nov. 19, 6-8:30 pm.
Copyright © 2019
The Springfield Sun is your source for local news, sports, events and information in Springfield, KY, and the surrounding area.

subset: commoncrawl


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A census report released this week shows that more than 10 percent of Boulder's work force commutes on two wheels, while the rest of the nation bikes to work just 0.6 percent of the time.
The figures came from the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey, which took numbers from 2008 through 2012. The results show that, among the roughly 52,000 workers in Boulder, transportation modes other than driving are quite common: 10.5 percent biked, 9.2 percent walked and 8.9 percent took public transit.
Of the 88 percent of people who did not work out of their homes, the average one-way commute time was roughly 19 minutes.
That Boulder bikes to work more than 17 times as often as the rest of America is a testament to more than the city's overall fitness, local experts say.
"High bicycling rates don't just happen by themselves," said Kate Powlison, spokeswoman for the national advocacy organization People For Bikes, based in downtown Boulder. "This city has really invested for decades in building streets that work for everyone, not just for people in cars."
In 1977, Boulder held one of the country's first Bike to Work days. In 1989, the city adopted its first transportation master plan, which laid a foundation of policy for a balanced transportation system, with many more options than simply driving alone.
Marni Ratzel, senior transportation planner for the city, said the "steady and consistent" pace at which Boulder has worked to foster its biking culture is largely thanks to the openness of the local populace to alternative modes of travel.
"People who are here are very interested in a high quality of life and are willing to participate in the public engagement process to articulate and recognize that a walkable, bike-able community — and a transportation system that provides facilities that are safe and convenient and appealing — is how they'd like to see the city built," she said.
Ratzel added that Boulder's business climate "is part and parcel to why the city is progressive with regards to transportation options."
Rachel Scott of the Pearl Street tech firm Quick Left certainly agrees. She said it sometimes feels as though an interest in cycling is almost an unofficial requirement of working there.
"We all challenge each other," she said. "Plus, working in downtown Boulder, it's really faster for most of us to bike."
Quick Left employees often go on group rides on Thursday nights, and the company encourages physical activity by offering an indoor makeshift bike "parking lot," plus a $400 annual stipend for employees to use on anything from gym memberships to bike tubes.
Quick Left has also organized the Startup Strava Challenge for this month, bringing together 20 local tech companies to compete to see who can bike and run the most miles. The winning company will have about $1,000 to donate to a charity of its choosing.
Wendy Devine, business manager at Boulder online marketing agency Parallel Path, called her staff "very cycling oriented."
"It's just our nature," she said. "Really, I think it's the whole city. The location and the beauty of it are just attractive to the athletic, the active. It's easier to get around on bikes here, with the way the city lends itself so well to them."
And for some Boulder residents, it doesn't have to end with biking to and from work.
"I do it at work, too," Scott said. "I do more meetings on a bicycle than I do in a conference room. We talk about web apps, development, private equity. I think people are much more likely to do business with a friend than with someone they never get to actually see, and it's a healthier alternative than trying to do a happy hour."
Contact Camera Staff Writer Alex Burness at 303-473-1389 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Stocks up 108% under Obama, but ...
Analysts warn floating on sea on currency not necessarily good
Stocks are up 108 percent during the Oval Office tenure of Barack Obama, but that's not necessarily a good thing.
How is that?
According to Mohamed El-Erian, who once managed Harvard's endowment and is the former deputy director of the International Monetary Fund, it's because good news becomes bad, and vice versa.
"Good news is bad news for the markets," he said in a recent television interview. "It questions the Fed commitment to continue to support the markets."
In other words, while the U.S. Federal Reserve, the semi-secret private organization that largely runs the U.S. monetary policy, is pumping billions of dollars daily into the currency market, investors are confident, and the markets boom.
When the Fed doesn't pump dollars in, or even suggests that it might taper off the activity, investors fret that there isn't enough support for the markets, and numbers plunge.
Bloomberg reported Obama "is enjoying one of the best stock markets for a re-elected president."
"The index has climbed 108 percent since Obama became president, adding more than $10 trillion in equity market value," the report said. "Record Federal Reserve stimulus, interest rates around zero percent and doubling of corporate profits since they fell to a five-year low in 2008 helped sustain stock increases under Obama. The rally that began just after he took office now exceeds the average length of bull markets by almost a year and valuations are up 18 percent in 2013."
But with the "quantitative easing" that has been going on in parts one, two and three, more than $4 trillion has been printed up by the Federal Reserve and passed out – setting off alarms for critics and even supporters.
Bloomberg noted the "outlook for further gains under Obama is grimmer."
"The president came in at a highly unusual time with markets in complete disarray,"said Chad Morganlander, a New Jersey-based portfolio manager at Stifel Nicolaus & Co.
His company oversees about $130 billion.
"After the rally this year, we're fairly valued at best. The next stage of this will have to be an improving economic outlook and earnings outlook well above where we stand," he told Bloomberg.
Added Mark Luschini, chief of Janney Montgomery Scott LLC, in the report: "It's unusual that we've gone so long without at least a correction. If you just look at this from a valuation perspective, the market is rich. That doesn't mean we have to crash, but it does suggest that going forward, your return assumptions for U.S. equities should be much more muted than they have been."
The first two injections of money into the economy were about $2.1 trillion and about $1.6 trillion. The amount to which the Fed has committed so far continues to rise at the rate of about $85 billion a month.
In the Bloomberg report, Greenwood Capital Associates chief investment officer Walter Todd said: "Clearly earnings growth has been slowing. We're going to have to navigate that slowdown in earnings and monetary policy things like tapering."
CNN reported: "Most of the money created by the Feds is gathering dust in bank reserves and has not been making its way out to Main Street. Since the Fed launched its latest bond-buying program in September 2012, bank reserves have increased by about $800 billion, whereas the currency circulating in the economy has increased by only $80 billion."
Catherine Mann of Brandeis University told CNN: "Asset prices are higher than they should be based on fundamentals. Companies are making profits, but they're not making profits off of higher sales – they're making profits off of constraining costs and particularly labor."
The CNN report warned: "The longer QE continues, the more dramatic stocks could fall once the end of stimulus is in sight."
The Wall Street Journal said one result of the "easing" is that the value of the dollar is falling against such currencies as the yen.
Barry Sternlicht, of Starwood Capital Group, said recently that the "easing" is getting to be like an addiction in the U.S.
"This is bad. This is a heroin addiction. It's gonna get – the more you get on it, the worse it's gonna get," he said.
Other scholars fear runaway inflation once the direction of the economy does change.
A report from the Global Times suggested the $85 billion per month buying spree is being continued because under Obama's economic policies, the U.S. economy was on the edge of "deflation."
"I continue to believe that the benefits of QE are no longer significant and that the low level of interest rates is driving investors and banks to take undesirable risks. In these circumstances, the Fed should move swiftly to end its long-term asset-purchase program," wrote Martin Feldstein.


text: These premium-quality tubular sway bars from Detroit Speed are available for both front and rear applications to add a new level of comfort and control to your ride. The traditional style front bars feature large 1-3/8" hollow tubing and include greasable polyurethane bushings, mounts and end links. For ultimate performance at the front of your car, choose the new splined front sway bar. The bar uses 1-1/2" hollow 4130 alloy heat-treated and splined bar that mounts in black hard-coated 6061-T6 billet aluminum pillow blocks with Delrin bushings. The bar arms are 3/4" thick solid steel to minimize deflection and come in a black powder coated finish. The bar includes a low-friction ball-style end link system and all necessary mounting hardware. For your rear suspension, Detroit Speed offers a 1-1/8" tubular sway bar for improved handling. The chrome-moly steel bar mounts to the rear end housing as well as the chassis crossmember to stabilize the rear axle and utilizes a unique "Swivel Link" to allow full articulation and eliminate binding. Each bar features a high-gloss powder coated finish and includes all of the necessary mounting hardware.


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I was selected to take part in Bakers Dozen, a print project organised by Ted Baker and the AOI. The theme I was given to work with was the english breakfast. I've carried out quite a bit of research into this topic over the years and I felt as though I knew my subject. Theres some info below but all is explained on the Ted Baker site here.
Ted Baker is collaborating with The Association of Illustrators (AOI) to commission 'Baker's Dozen,' whereby thirteen talented artists will produce one-off pieces of British themed artwork. Each A2 personally signed print will have a print run of 1000 copies and will be gifted to customers worldwide from 18thOctober 2012, spending over £150 on Ted's new Autumn Winter 2012 collections.
The full list of illustrators involved is Sara Fanelli, Katherina Manolessou, Robert Shadbolt, Allan Deas, Laura Barrett, Alice Potter, Jane Smith, Paul Bommer, Freddy Boo, Gemma Latimer, Andy Smith, Matt Richards, Michael Woods and Lina Kusaite.
Nice embossing!


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In a mini-dissent — a scant two pages — tacked on to the end of the Supreme Court's opinion about Obamacare, Justice Clarence Thomas says the court is essentially giving Congress unlimited power.
In a 5-4 ruling, the high court upheld the majority of Obamacare.
Court precedent allows Congress to regulate economic activity that substantially affects interstate commerce.
But, according to Thomas, the "substantial effects" test goes against our founders' intentions and gives Congress too much power.
And now, for the money quote:
"As I have explained, the Court's continued use of that test 'has encouraged the Federal Government to persist in its view that the Commerce Clause has virtually no limits.'"


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Consent: Terms of Agreement
The 10th Annual International Interdisciplinary Graduate Student Conference
Please join us in our 10th Annual International Interdisciplinary Graduate Student Conference, "Consent: Terms of Agreement," hosted by the graduate students of the department of English at Indiana University-Bloomington, from March 21 to March 23, 2013, in the Tree Rooms of the Indiana Memorial Union. Panels and keynote speakers are open to the public with no registration fee required.
Lauren Berlant, University of Chicago, Keynote Speaker
Friday, March 22, 5:15-6:30 p.m. in Ballantine 013
Lauren Berlant is George M. Pullman Professor of English at the University of Chicago. A theorist and historian of political affect, her interest in the public genres and scenes of sentimentality, sexuality, and suffering have most recently appeared in Desire/Love (2012) and Cruel Optimism (2011), on precarious publics and the aesthetics of affective adjustment in the U.S. and Europe.
Adrian Matejka, Indiana University, Creative Keynote Speaker
Thursday, March 21, 6:30-7:30 p.m. in the Walnut Room of the Indiana Memorial Union
Adrian Matejka is the author of three poetry collections: The Devil's Garden (Alice James Books, 2003), Mixology (Penguin, 2009) which was a winner of the 2008 National Poetry Series and a finalist for an NAACP Image Award, and The Big Smoke (Penguin, 2013). He is the recipient of two Illinois Arts Council Literary Awards and fellowships from Cave Canem and the Lannan Foundation. His work has appeared in American Poetry Review, The Best American Poetry, Ploughshares, and Poetry among other journals and anthologies. He is the co-director of the River Styx at the Tavern Reading Series in St. Louis.
Penelope Anderson, Indiana University, Closing Keynote Speaker
Saturday, March 23, 4:00-5:30 p.m. in the Walnut Room of the Indiana Memorial Union
Penelope Anderson, Assistant Professor of English at IU Bloomington, specializes in early modern British literature. Both her first book, Friendship's Shadows: Women's Ethical Friendship and the Politics of Betrayal in England, 1640-1705, and her current project, Humanity in Suspension: Gender and International Law in Seventeenth-Century Literature, investigate the intersections of literature, gender, and political theory. In her first book, she argued that friendship's betrayals offer a paradoxically robust model for political obligation in the English Civil Wars and their aftermath. In her current book project, she is studying the genealogy of human rights through the figures of political prisoner, slave, and subjected woman. Her keynote will draw from both of these works.


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After much anticipation, Google Glass has finally shipped out to eager Explorers, who have begun posting their thoughts and experiences on the web. What this also means is that we finally have a full understanding about the exact features included with Google Glass, and how the little device works.
So here's a breakdown of everything we know about Google Glass, and how exactly it all works.
Firstly, here's a quick reminder of the specs, and what Google Glass is capable of. The unspecified resolution display works using a small projector embedded in the headset, which Google claims is the equivalent of a 25-inch high definition screen seen from eight feet away. There's a 5-megapixel camera for photographs, which is also capable of capturing video at 720p. There's plenty of room to store these snaps, thanks to the built-in 16GB of memory (12GB is available to the user), which is synced with Google cloud storage as well.
There are no speakers or audio jack ports on Google Glass. Instead, audio is transferred to the wearer via a conduction transducer which sends vibrations through the bones in your head, which we'll cover a little later.
Google Glass also comes with the usual Wi-Fi 802.11b/g connectivity and is Bluetooth 4.0 compatible.
My Glass App
Equally as important as the actual hardware is the My Glass app which accompanies the headset. This app is responsible for controlling the connection between your smartphone and Google Glass, as well as allowing to you receive calls, etc.
As Google Glass doesn't have a mobile antenna or GPS tracking, My Glass is essential if you want to send and receive SMS from Google Glass, use a data connection, or navigate using GPS. Usually Glass will connect with your smartphone via Bluetooth, when out of Wi-Fi range, in order to share and sync this information. However, if your mobile data plans supports tethering, then you can also connect Glass to your smartphone using that method instead.
I suppose you could think of this as an advanced hands-free Bluetooth kit or something equivalent to a super smart smartwatch. Google Glass isn't actually making calls or sending messages, instead these are transferred to and from your smartphone.
Ok that's the simple stuff, but how exactly does Google Glass accomplish its vision? To fully understand just what makes Google Glass tick we'll need to delve a little deeper into exactly how it works, and how this affects the user experience.
Display: Projection
You might assume that a head mounted display would try to place a screen in front of the eye for users to look at. Google Glass even appears to house a tiny little display in front of the eye. However, there are a few problems with that sort of technology, mainly due to the fact that focusing on objects at very close range is virtually impossible. Instead Google Glass works by beaming an image directly onto the retina at the back of your eye.
The clever virtual HUD overlay is actually based on quite a simple premise: there's a mini-projector located inside Google Glass which projects an image onto a semi-transparent prism. As the prism is semi-transparent, the projector's image is reflected into the user's retina whilst still allowing for regular light to pass through the prism and into the eye.
As everyone's faces and eyes are slightly different, Google Glass allows for the angle of the prism to be adjusted slightly in order to obtain optimal focus for the project image.
If you haven't already seen this handy infographic then you should check it out, as that will hopefully make everything crystal clear.
Audio: Bone-conduction
Perhaps the most interesting piece of technology used in Google Glass, especially for an audio buff like myself, is the use of bone conduction in order to transmit audio to the wearer's ear.
The remarkable thing is that we're all used to hearing this sort of thing every time we talk. Vibrations in the throat travel through the more ridged material of our jaw and cheekbones, which are connected up to the inner workings of the ear.
The technology used in Google Glass works in much the same way, sending vibrations through your bones to the inner ear. Usually sound waves pass through the auditory canal and on to the eardrum, which vibrates when exposed to the energy from sound waves. On the other side of the eardrum there are three small bones, the ossicles, which transmit the vibration to the cochlea. The cochlea is tiny a fluid-filled structure which contains miniscule hair like stereovilli, which are stimulated by vibrations and convert the energy to electrical impulses that are sent along the auditory nerve to the brain.
When the bones vibrate the sound reaches the cochlea just as it would when sound waves pass through the middle ear and vibrate the eardrum. So even though the method of transmission is different, the sound is detected by the nerves and transmitted to the brain in exactly the same way.
Navigation was always going to be a key issue for Google Glass. Without keys or a touch screen, finding your way to many of the behind the scenes options and settings would be a pain. Fortunately Google Glass includes a touchpad on the right hand side, just behind the camera, which adds this important functionality.
The touchpad is used for accessing more advanced menu options and context sensitive options like sharing, deleting, etc. Tapping the touchpad will grant users access to menus, and swiping backwards or forwards along the touchpad is used to navigate. To cancel or back out of certain actions users need slide their finger from the top to the bottom of the touchpad.
The touchpad is also used for voice calls, user's swipe up and tap to accept incoming calls and swipe down to reject, same thing for hanging up.
Capture button
On top of navigating your way through various menus, voice commands aren't always necessarily the fastest or most appropriate method of performing a certain task. Take photographs or video for example, clicking a button is simpler and faster than speaking a command. But the Google engineers foresaw this problem, and have included a button specifically for taking pictures and recording video.
There's a little capture button on the right side of the headset, which can be pressed once to take a quick snapshot, or held down for one second to start recording a 10 second video.
But that's enough about hardware functionality; turn to the next page to see how Google Glass' software goes about performing everyday tasks.


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April 7, 2006
PHILADELPHIA, Pa. - The Yale men's tennis team suffered a tough 5-2 loss today in Philadelphia to No. 52 Penn to open their Ivy League season. Brandon Wai came back to win a three-set match at No. 1, and Rowan Reynolds also picked up a victory in the No. 6 slot for the No. 73 Bulldogs (7-7, 0-1).
The Elis certainly battled in three very close doubles matches, but ultimately ceded the opening point to the Quakers. No. 1 Reynolds and Rory Green fell to Jason Pinsky and Joseph Lok 8-6, No. 2 Wai and Michael Caldwell lost 8-3, and No. 3 Milosz Gudzowski and Chris Lawler fell 8-6 as well.
In singles, too, the Bulldogs played several tight matches but couldn't quite close the deal in most of them. No. 4 Caldwell fell to Joseph Lok 7-6, 6-4, and No. 5 Green lost to Justin Fox in a hard-fought three-set match. No. 1 Wai--currently No. 79 in the country--scored an impressive comeback win over No. 92 Jason Pinsky, 3-6, 7-6, 6-4, and No. 6 Reynolds picked up a solid 7-5, 6-3 win over Jimmy Fairbanks for the other Yale point.
The Elis will try to bounce back tomorrow, when they head to Princeton to take on the Tigers at 12:00 p.m.
No. 1 Brandon Wai (Y) def. Jason Pinsky (P), 3-6, 7-6(5), 6-4
No. 2 Mikhail Bekker (P) def. Milosz Gudzowski (Y), 6-0, 6-0
No. 3 Jonathan Boym (P) def. Jeff Dawson (Y), 6-3, 6-2
No. 4 Joseph Lok (P) def. Michael Caldwell (Y), 7-6(1), 6-4
No. 5 Justin Fox (P) def. Rory Green (Y), 6-4, 4-6, 1-0(6)
No. 6 Rowan Reynolds (Y) def. Jimmy Fairbanks (P), 7-5, 6-3
No. 1 Pinsky and Lok (P) def. Reynolds and Green (Y), 8-6
No. 2 Bekker and Boym (P) def. Wai and Caldwell (Y), 8-3
No. 3 Fox and Brandon O'Gara (P) def. Gudzowski and Chris Lawler (Y), 8-6
Report filed by David Sherfinski '08, Yale Sports Publicity


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Main Content
How many axes does that meaty tank need to take squarely in the chest to get a simple 'thank you'? We've all seen tanks hack away diligently while at the same time poisoned, on fire melting, and skewered by countless swords, all with a big smile on their face. They're there every day to take all that punishment that is being diverted from your squishy body. C'mon people, give a tank some love, throw them a /hug, just let them know you care.


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Theresa Cliff-Ryan
Date of Birth: June 19, 1978
Height: 5'8"/1.7m
Weight: 136 lbs./62 kg./9.7 st.
Place of Birth: Grand Rapids, Michigan
Hometown: Cedar Springs, Michigan
Residence: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Canberra, Australia
Teams: Colavita Forno d'Asolo, Colavita/Baci, Verducci/Breakaway Racing
Education: Cedar Springs High School
Olympic Experience/UCI World Championships Results
- 18th place road race - 2011 UCI Road World Championships, Copenhagen, Denmark
- 68th place road race - 2010 UCI Road World Championships, Geelong, Australia
National Championship Experience
- 2nd place elite criterium - 2011 USA Cycling Elite Road National Championships
- 6th place road race - 2011 USA Cycling Elite Road National Championships
- 5th place elite road race - 2010 USA Cycling Elite Road National Championships
- 2nd place, points race & omnium - 2009 USA Cycling Elite Track National Championships
- 1st place criterium - 2006 USA Cycling Elite Road National Championships
Career Highlights
- Gold medal — 2010 Pan American Continental Road and Track Championships, women's points race
- 2009 overall points champion Fitchburg Longsjo Classic, Fitchburg, Massachusetts
- Three-time Track World Cup bronze medalist: 2008 Copenhagen World Cup - Points Race, 2008 Copenhagen World Cup - Scratch Race, 2009 Melbourne World Cup - Scratch Race
- 2006 USA Cycling National Criterium Champion
- 1st place — 2010 Tour of Somerville, Somerville, New Jersey
- 1st place — 2010 USA Criterium Speedweek, overall + four-time stage winner
- 1st place — 2010 Presbyterian Hospital Invitational Crit, Charlotte, North Carolina
- 1st place — 2010 Glencoe Grand Prix
- 1st place — 2009 Perth International Grand Prix, track points race, Perth, Australia
- 1st place — 2007 Tour of Somerville, Somerville, New Jersey
- 1st place — 2007 Chris Thater Memorial
Points of Interest
- Theresa's maiden name is Cliff and her husband's (Gary) middle name is Cliff.
- She was an accomplished speed skater before she ever donned a cycling kit.
- She cannot hold a conversation when there are animals around.
Before Theresa Cliff-Ryan ever pinned on a race number and rolled to the start line of a bike race, she had already won 29 world titles, was a Pan Am Games champion, and was champion - not once but twice - at the World Games. She also held numerous national titles. Before bike racing there was skating and Theresa's skating career spanned 25 year before she retired in 2005.
Almost as soon as she learned to walk, her parents put her on skates and she started competing at the age of two. Later in her career, to cross train for skating, she rode her bike so when she retired from skating, it was natural for her to keep riding and she started racing locally. An old skating sponsor, who had learned of her retirement, called Theresa and wanted to know if she would like to try cycling, presumably at the level of competition that she was accustomed to. At the time, May 2006, she was with her husband in Australia, so she flew back to the U.S. and, as she puts it, "here we are today."
Where that is often looks like the top of the podium, where Theresa has claimed victory in some of North America's most prestigious races. Based on her distinguished career as a skater and now as a cyclist, there doesn't seem to be much that Theresa can't do as an athlete however, when the critics speak Theresa listens, if only to silence them through her actions. She finds support through her family, friends, and sponsors but also through the people that think she cannot succeed. She detests it when people tell her what she cannot do but finds satisfaction in proving them wrong.
During her downtime, when she's not training, racing, traveling, or recovering, she spends time with her husband, Gary, and her pup, Gorda. Among other activities she enjoys doing, an ideal way to pass the time for her is a nice dinner and movie with Gary and playing at the park with Gorda.
Related Articles
- Cliff-Ryan 18th for U.S. in women's world championship road race - Sep 24, 2011
- NRC: Cliff-Ryan makes it consecutive criterium wins - Aug 29, 2011


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SELECT LASTING LIP COLORS- Select moisturizing, long-lasting Lipstick Shades and Lip Gloss Shades. Apply them in layers over your softened, smooth lips. Select long-wearing shades like Luxury Plumping Lipstick, Lipcolor Sticks, Luxury Liquid Lipstick and collagen rich High Impact Premium Lipstick, or luxurious Liquid Lips Lipstick or volumizing LipTox Volumizing Rouge. These lip colors naturally last longer and you can give your lip color a helping hand by doing the following:LIP TIP: Waterproof lip pencils or eyeliner pencils like Indelible Line / Indelible Eyes are amazing at helping maintain lip color when used as a base coat.
Smooth, Healthy Lips - Keep lips moist and conditioned. Always apply a lip balm before washing or showering and throughout the day especially if you are not applying lipstick or gloss. Natural lip balms, lip conditioner and vitamin sticks - Vitamin Lip Balm & Gloss soften, heal and protect lips and also help lip color last longer.Natural Lips & Beauty offers moisturizing Lip Gloss, Anti-Aging Transforming Lipstick Lasting Lipsticks, Lip Twins Lasting Lipsticks with matching lip pencil, Lip Treatment Balms with sunscreen SPF 15, extra moisturizing lip rouge Lip Lingerie Volumizing Rouge sticks, High Impact Collagen Lipstick, and Luxury Plumping Lipstick Plumping Collagen Lipstick - moisture lipsticks that are glossy balm lipsticks infused with collagen and micro-shimmer.To treat lips try, natural, pain-free LIPTOX Plumping Gloss infused with lip enhancer serum, collagen core Sheer Vitamin Lip Tints, natural LipTox Enhancer Serum, and lip-healing Lip Creme Gloss & Lip Lacquer Gels that help to plump, moisten, soften and smooth lips.
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dcbentley necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 73 diseños de 10 diseñadores freelance.
Second Amendment Club
Gainesville State College Second Amendment Club was founded in order to stimulate in young people an active interest promoting responsible firearm ownership, practical shooting skills, and knowledge of national and local gun laws.
College age women and men that have an active interest in hunting, sporting clays, and / or self-defense.
College age women and men that wish to become proficient and knowledgeable about firearms.
The Logo / Seal / Patch should convey a strong sense of responsibility, tradition, honor, and have a slightly aggressive look.
Keep the color scheme simple, three or four colors total.
I like the idea from the Rangers patch with the crossed firearms in the background. The shield from the Strategic Air Command is another element I like. Rogue Status has many designs that I like. They are stylish and trendy.
Note: Rogue Status uses many different assault rifles in their designs. However the Second Amendment club will be primarily be teaching knowledge with small arms and hunting shotguns and rifles. But if you think you have a good design that uses them; go for it!
The Logo / Seal / Patch should be able to scale to fit a verity of printing and publishing needs. (Ink pens, lanyards, safety glasses, business cards, Polo and T-shirts, large posters, banners, websites, Facebook, Twitter, and other social media websites.
Lastly, since this will be used on a variety of different media/materials we need it to come in four color modes. Full color, gray scale, two toned, and black and white.
If you need more info or have questions, please do not hesitate to ask.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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Valley Humane Society
Joey is a 2-year-old male brown tabby with lots of love to give. He was rescued in August from a local county shelter. On the ride from the shelter to Valley Humane Society, he jumped out of his kennel and rode shotgun with the driver, enjoying the scenery. Recently, he had an accident at Valley Humane and broke his leg. We hoped it could be fixed but the damage was too severe and his leg was amputated. Fortunately, Joey gets along just fine with three legs. Valley Humane Society is at 3670 Nevada St., Pleasanton. Hours are 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. Tuesday and Wednesday, noon to 7 p.m. Thursday and Friday, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Saturday and noon to 4 p.m. Sunday. For details, call 925-426-8656 or visit www.valleyhumane.org or www.facebook.com/ValleyHumaneSociety.
— Melissa Bonnell, Valley Humane Society
Sled Dog Rescue
Roscoe is a 2- to 3-year-old charming guy, weighing about 50 pounds, with longish wavy fur. He will roll over on his back for a tummy rub at the mere mention. He is very submissive — all he wants is to be loved. The rescue group believes a loving owner would have a keeper with Roscoe. For more information, email email@example.com or call 800-471-5822.


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Sox Philosophy Dilemma...
In another thread Shingo asked the question (paraphrasing) what is the Sox philosophy?
Thats a great question and one that has been discussed here at the site in the past, but with a new G.M. perhaps its time to revisit the point to see what everyone thinks.
Double had a post where he basically said (again paraphrasing) the Sox are in a Twilight Zone where they usually get around 85 wins good enough to tell the fans were contending but in reality not good enough to win the division (usually) or grab a wild card
Hes exactly right as history shows (to say nothing of history showing conclusively the Sox are usually worse in the second half of the season which doesnt help matters )
The question though is what do they do about it? How do they break this cycle even if they want to??
To me you can look at two approaches but with the Sox under current ownership both have serious drawbacks.
First you can say youre all in (had to use it gang ) and spend 150 million or so like the Dodgers, Angels, Rangers, Yankees, Tigers and Red Sox have done. It enables you to overcome injuries, buy yourself depth, overcome bad trades, slumps by a player and so on.
The Sox have spent in the past but always within reasonable limitations. Even when they spent 130 million on payroll, the all time high, the club had shortcomings. You have to spend the money wisely which many think the Sox havent even when theyve decided to stretch things. And the fact is they either cannot or wont (depends on who you talk to) spend that kind of cash needed to buy a club like the Tigers have on a regular basis.
The other option is to rebuild and I suspect some in the organization think its time (had to use it gang ) to try this approach.
The problem is though if the Sox were to do this and publicly announce it (or not announce it but act accordingly), I suspect the fan base that they have would be up in arms, simply not show up to support a loser (which has been the case throughout history) and U.S. Cellular Field would be a ghost town. Theyd lose money even if they had a small payroll and would lose whatever relevance they have in the market. Sox fans are not Cub fans.
Its just a bad situation isnt it? I cant tell you what the right approach is or how to solve this quandary. I wish I had the answer, believe me, I would have given it to the Sox long time ago.
Maybe part of the answer is simply that its time for new ownership, perhaps with different financial considerations and new people in the front office, from the G.M. to marketing and advertising to media relations, scouting and minor league development the entire package. Fresh minds, fresh ideas. Thats about all I can come up with.
Again the Sox appear to be between a rock and a hard place and it doesnt look like they are going to get out of it anytime soon.
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FREE ISSUE - 3DCreative: Issue 125 - January 2016 (Download Only)This month we get to chat with Tomi Väisänen and Leon Enriquez, as well as learning about posing characters, sculpting animals, rendering spaceships, creating smoke effects, and more.Incl. Tax: Free!
3DCreative: Issue 112 - December 2014 (Download Only)In this month's issue, we chat with Marcello Baldari about his Polysketches, Pior Oberson about his brilliant character designs, and Djordje Nagulov about his anatomical studies. Learn how to create environments with Vue and ZBrush, improve your work processes in Maya, brush up on your Polypainting skills, and much more besides.Incl. Tax: $3.78
3DCreative: Issue 074 - Oct2011 (Download Only)I am going to start by talking about something really exciting. Many of you will have been reading our magazine for years now and will be more than familiar with our Swordmaster series which was originally in the magazine in 2006. In fact for many of you following the Swordmaster series may have been your first attempt at 3D. Well the Swordmaster has been updated and is back better than ever! Ignacio Bazan Lazcano has created some stunning concept work for our new character which has been handed to the outrageously talented Gavin Goulden.
3DTotal's Introduction to Rigging - Maya (Download Only)The aim of this eBook is to show and explain how you might tackle rigging your 3D character for animation. The six chapters within this eBook will give help and advice to novices and experts who are looking to build on their rigging skills or approach rigging for the first time. The series gives a detailed step by step guide as to how to approach rigging but also shows us how to tackle common problems and issues that regularly occur even in a professional environment. The artists will be reflecting on working in the industry as well as talking us through their individual approaches to creating the best rigs possible.Incl. Tax: $12.57
Richard Tilbury's Mountain Stronghold (Download Only)Suitable for all 3D software, and also using Photoshop, this eBook teaches you how to create a fantasy scene inspired by real world architecture, and how to use reference photos to get stunning effects quickly and easily. Also covered is a great system that can be used to quickly create high quality 3D stills.Incl. Tax: $12.57
3DCreative: Issue 061 - September 2010 (Download Only)This month's issue heralds the fifth birthday of 3DCreative and our desire to create content that is enjoyable to our readers is as strong as ever. We continue our interior lighting tutorial series and this month our artists calm things down a little and show us how to create low level romantic lighting, using just a few light sources. We also have Wayne Robson's master class in Mudbox Female Character Creation, which this month looks at Vampires.
3DCreative: Issue 060 - August 2010 (Download Only)This month's cover image is the handy work of this month's interviewed artist Maarten Verhoeven. Those of you who use 3DTotals galleries and forums and are regular readers of 3Dcreative will be aware of his work as it has featured in our galleries regularly. Maarten talks to us about what excites and inspires him in CG and shares some of his unique and fantastically executed characters with us.
3DCreative: Issue 059 - July 2010 (Download Only)This month's interview which is with the sublime character artist Abraham Valdez. Abraham has been churning out great artwork in forums that has been catching our eye for some time now, and this month we finally caught up with him for an interview. Abraham tells us about his route from being a traditional artist to creating characters for the new Medal of Honor game at EA Games in America. We also have Richard Kazuo, Danilo Pinheiro and Luis San Juan Palleres taking us one step closer to creating a finished rig for our alien character.
3DCreative: Issue 058 - June 10 (Download Only)Our second new tutorial series starting this month is How to Stylize and Model Toon Animals and People. The series starts by looking at creating a cartoon animal with Jose Alves da Silva. If rigging and animation is more of your thing you will be pleased to hear that this month we continue our rigging series by Richard Kazuo and Danilo Pinheiro in Maya and Luis San Juan Pallares for 3ds Max. This month's Making Of is by Petr Nasirov. Petr talks us through making his excellent Comicon competition entry Judge Death.
3DCreative: Issue 057 - May 10 (Download Only)This month's issue sees the final instalment of our Outdoor Environment lighting series. There is no need to fear though because next month we start our indoor environment lighting series dealt with in all the same software, and the scene is created by the interior king Viktor Fretyán. But before we get carried away we still have the final part of the Outdoor series and in this issue we deal with an Overcast Day, dealt with in 3ds Max and mental ray by Andrew Finch, 3ds Max and V-Ray by Andrzej Sykut, Maya by Luciano Iurino and Cinema 4D by Fredi Voss
3DCreative: Issue 056 - April 10 (Download Only)In this issue interview with Alessandro Baldasseroni, tutorial series: Environment Lighting Series for 3ds Max MR & V-Ray, Maya & Cinema4D, Character Modeling Chapter 4: Chest (ZBrush Mechanical Sculpting)t, Introduction to Rigging Series for 3ds Max&Maya
Joan of Arc - Maya (Download Only)Originally created for 3ds Max by Michel Roger, the popular "Joan of Arc" tutorial has now been translated for Maya, LightWave, Cinema4D and Softimage XSI. This tutorial takes you through the process of creating a female character from scratch and covers modeling, texturing, mapping and finally, adding bones.Incl. Tax: $10.80
Beginner's Guide to Character Creation in MayaBeginner's Guide to Character Creation in Maya continues 3dtotal's tradition of offering helpful guides for beginners looking to step into the world of digital art. Talented 3D Animator and Trainer, Jahirul Amin, gives an insightful breakdown of how to model from scratch using Maya and Mudbox. Not only will you learn about the principles of rigging and animation, with a step-by-step guide detailing how to link the joints and create constraints and controls for animation, you will also learn how to correctly light and render your scene for porfolio-worthy presentation. Plus, in-depth chapters on anatomy will provide you with a solid foundation on which to develop your 3D character skills, so that by the end of this book you will have created your very own realistic walk cycle.Incl. Tax: $37.88
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FRECCIA - Leather iPad Bag
|1 lbs. 11oz. (0,77 Kg.)
Exterior: Approx. 9.25"W x 10.25"H x 2.5"D
Interior: Approx. 9"W x 10"H x 1.75"D
Most iPads get to follow their owners on exciting excursions, but only a lucky few get to travel in style. iPads not only wish to be spared from rubbing shoulders with pens and keys ("they're so abrasive!"), but also secretly wish to be adorned with Italian leather.
"The FRECCIA is how I like to cruise: smooth ride, comfortable interior, and sleek Italian design. It's my dream come true."
Men and women who are sensitive to the needs of their beloved iPads have found that the FRECCIA Leather iPad Bag satisfies those needs--and it even makes them look smashing too.
The FRECCIA's full grain vegetable tanned leather and Italian craftsmanship stand out in the eyes of the leather bag connoisseur. Inside, the compartment for the iPad (or netbook, or e-Reader) is padded in both the front and the back to protect against bumps and scratches. With your precious iPad tucked away, there is still room for a handful of other things like your wallet, keys, a journal or book. On the outside, it has two zippered pockets that allow for secure storage of travel documents and receipts.
About the Leather:
This bag is made of 100% vegetable-tanned Tuscan leather with its unique surface and unmistakable aroma. Please note that this type of leather contains characteristic grains, wrinkles, tonal variations, and small blemishes which are preserved to maintain the leather's natural beauty, rather than being buffed away to create an artificially even surface.Features:
- Handmade entirely in Italy with genuine Italian leather
- Flap with magnetic button closure for easy access
- Zippered pocket on the flap
- Zippered pocket in the back
- Two open slots behind the flap for pens/phones/accessories
- Lightly padded interior
- Two small interior accessory pockets
- Padded sleeve can hold an iPad, netbook or e-Reader up to 8.75"W x 9.75"H x 1.25"D
- Center leather strap with button closure to secure your iPad in place
- Comfortable shoulder strap, adjustable in length from 31"-57"


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Next-generation sequencing is fast reaching critical mass, encompassing a growing number of researchers to more efficiently answer biological questions on a variety of sample types. With an increasing population employing next-generation sequencing, and evolving platforms coming to market, it is becoming more essential to have robust and streamlined methods to carry out next-generation sequencing studies.
Select Next-Generation Sequencing Sample Prep Reagents
|Browse by Application
|Browse by Workflow Stage
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|Select reagents for genome, transcriptome and epigenome applications.
Exactly how important is sample preparation in next-generation sequencing?
Success on any next-generation sequencing platform begins with optimal sample preparation - from sample isolation and purification to library construction and enrichment. Invitrogen™ and Ambion® products - recognized as trusted names in DNA and RNA research - include optimal solutions for next-generation sequencing sample preparation and use proven technologies based on our sequencing expertise.
Exactly how important is sample preparation in next-generation sequencing? As with any scientific methodology, it is well understood that the quality of sequencing data depends highly upon the quality of the sequenced material. Additionally, it is necessary to consider the make-up of the library to be sequenced, ensuring true sequence representation from the original sample. Thus, the library construction process should guarantee a high molecular recovery of the original fragments (low bias and high complexity) in order to achieve the most genomic coverage with the least amount of sequencing. An ideal library consists of a well-balanced representation of all genomic areas of interest, revealing regions that may have initially been underrepresented and minimizing overrepresentation of PCR duplicates yielded by low complexity. To realize the ideal library, the first step toward optimal next-generation sequencing results is best-in-class sample preparation.
Invitrogen™ and Ambion® next-generation sequencing sample preparation solutions are designed to be optimized for your desired workflow. Optimized sample preparation means complete solutions from one source, minmizing further manipulation, solutions flexible enough to work with a broad range of starting samples, availability of tools to serve as controls for greater confidence, and accountability to help troubleshoot when needed. The complete Invitrogen™ and Ambion® next-generation sequencing sample preparation offering is more than boxes of reagents; it is a carefully designed set of products with easy-to-follow, robust protocols and guidance to help make your next-generation sequencing libraries work right the first time, every time.
For Research Use Only. Not intended for any animal or human therapeutic or diagnostic use.
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.


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Full list of issues resolved in this release.


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Diversity of load
I have tried to figure out the diversity of load formula in Appendix B of the 1999 Code, but haven't been able to figure out how the numbers or variables are arrived at. Could you please answer by showing several formulas as examples and use other than 50% load diversity and tell me how the diversity is deduced? Is it the average percentage of total ampacity per wire? I have contacted two electrical engineers who had no idea what I was talking about.
It is important to understand that an appendix or a fine print note is not part of the requirements of the NEC. Mandatory terms are never used in an appendix or in a fine print note. The heading of Appendix B clearly states that the appendix is not a part of the requirements of the Code but is included for informational purposes only.
Section B-310-15(b)(1) is related to Section 310-15(a)(1). This section allows ampacity to be determined through the use of Article 310 tables or under engineering supervision through the use of Section 310-15(c). The formula for this calculation is given in Section 310-15(c) along with a fine print note directing you to Appendix B for information.
Section B-310-15(b)(2) refers to IEEE paper 57-660, "The Calculation of the Temperature Rise and Load Capability of Cable Systems," by J. H. Neher and M.H. McGrath. The formula found in Section 310-15(C) is based on this paper and is commonly known as the Neher-McGrath formula. The Neher-McGrath paper itself is 20 to 25 pages in length. If you intend to use this calculation, you should obtain a copy of this IEEE paper.
Application of the engineering calculation is far too complex to be covered in the Code Guide format. Over the years, a number of articles have been published on the subject in various trade journals. Most of the articles in my files offer only an outline of the application of the method.
Dann Strube
Termination ampacities
Could you please explain the use of dual-temperature rated wires in the ampacity Table 310-16? I was under the impression that I could only use the 90°C values if the terminations, and devices, were rated for 90°C. In the McGraw-Hill handbook a section addresses de-rating wire for "more than three wires in a conduit" that indicated the advantage of using the higher 90°C value. In this case I am using six aluminum conductors in a 2-in. conduit with a calculated load of 88A. These are two residential feeders 120V/208V single-phase three-wire circuits, which come from a three-phase system.
Because there are more than three wires I will have to adjust the ampacity of the wire to 80%. The breaker will be 100A or less. I have been told that it is permissible to use the 90°C rating for No. 1 aluminum at 15A and derate to 115 × 80% = 92A.
Is there any clear explanation as to the use of these dual temperature ratings? These feeders will be in a dry location, XHHW insulation.
I have also tried to understand the use of the load diversity formula and the examples in Appendix B to no avail.
The example in Appendix B is based on 50% load diversity. How is the load diversity calculated? Is it simply the total amperage divided by the number of conductors for an average amperage per conductor?
Is the 0.5 number in the Code book formula a static or given number and always the same in the formula or is it based on the 50% diversity and does it change with a different diversity?
In the formula, "N" and "E" are different, based on what? If my phase conductors are both loaded to 88A then my neutrals in this instance also carry 88A.
But more important than applying this formula to my specific situation I would like to understand the use of the formula.
Termination ampacities and ampacities for conditions of use are two separate considerations. In your example, you have a conductor with a 90°C insulation rating. This means the conductor can operate at up to 90°C without damage to the insulation. According to Section 310-15(B)(4)(b), the neutrals are current-carrying because they are derived from a 208/120Y system. For your conditions of use, normal ambient and six current-carrying conductors, the temperature correction factor is 1.00, and the adjustment factor is 0.80, so the ampacity of No. 1 Aluminum XHHW is 115 × 0.80=92A. Since your load is 88A, the conductor is big enough for the load. Rounding up from 92A in accordance with Section 240-3(b) allows the feeder conductors to be protected by a 100A overcurrent device.
In this example we have considered the temperature factors explained in Section 310-10 to be sure the conductors will not be overheated. However, we haven't considered whether the terminals would be overheated.
The 100A overcurrent device is assumed under Section 110-14(c) to have 60°C terminals. For 60°C terminals, the maximum ampacity of the No. 1 XHHW conductors comes from the 60°C column of Table 310-16. Therefore, the load on the conductors would be limited to 85A to avoid overheating the terminals, and the No. 1 conductors would not be big enough. However, if the terminals are actually 75°C, which is fairly likely, or if the feeders qualify for the special rules of Section 310-15 (b)(6), the No. 1 conductors would be suitable for the terminals.
As for the information in Appendix B, three points must be understood before we try to use this optional method. First, Section 310-15(c) requires that the Neher-McGrath formula shown be used only under engineering supervision. Second, Appendix B does not include the complete method for calculating ampacities, it only provides examples for underground duct banks. Third, in order to use this method, you will need the Neher-McGrath paper and perhaps some of the other information listed in Appendix B, Section B-310-15(b)(2). As to your specific question, the variables N and E are explained in the notes to the formula under Table B-310-11. The 0.5 in the formula is a constant for the stated 50% diversity. Example No. 1 shows an example of 50% diversity, that is N=24, and E=12, 24 conductors are in the raceway, but only 12 are current-carrying. 12/24=50% diversity, which is the assumption in the table as indicated by the asterisk note.
Note that when diversity is 50%, the number under the radical is "1," and the table factors work by themselves. The formula is for correcting the table values only when diversity is other than 50% and only when there are between 10 and 85 conductors, which was the reason for adding the formula and examples in the 1999 NEC. Example No. 2 shows a situation where N=24 and E=18. That is where there are 24 conductors but only 18 are current-carrying. In this case, the ampacity limit for the No. 14 conductors is reduced to 11.5A rather than 14A.
There has been some disagreement, even among Code panel members, as to what "diversity" means. IEEE does not help. According to the IEEE Gray Book, a diversity factor is always 1 or greater. My interpretation is that in the second example, the diversity is 18/24=75%. If only six conductors were loaded out of 24 conductors, the diversity would be 6/24=25%. As the diversity goes up, the ampacity goes down, and as the diversity goes down, the ampacity goes up, as illustrated by the formula and examples of Table B-310-11, Fine Print Note.
Noel Williams
Mike Harrington, Managing Editor, CEE News
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Include a sketch where appropriate.


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Ox P - Confrontation (Goin At Uncle Murda & Big Truck) [Unsigned Hype]
OX P. who's down with Bang Bang Boogie. Goes at Uncle Murder & Big Truck. Shout out to L Boogie for sending this
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Elert Archive
HSLDA Alerts & Information (General/National) RSS
Elert Archive
HSLDA Alerts & Information (General/National) RSS December 2012 12/28/2012 Only 8 hours left 12/21/2012 A special Christmas message from HSLDA 12/19/2012 The Christmas Gift: Don't miss Episode 5 in our weekly video series! 12/17/2012 Warrant? I Don't Need no Stinking Warrant! 12/13/2012 Study Constitutional Law this Spring with Michael Farris! 12/11/2012 Come to D.C. Press Conference Tomorrow on National Debt 12/10/2012 HSLDA: Judge--Case of Seized Newborn May Now Proceed 12/4/2012 Senate Rejects Ratification of UN Disabilities Treaty 12/4/2012 Senate Votes at Noon on UN Disabilities Treaty--Please Call One More Time 12/3/2012 Senate to Vote on UN Disabilities Treaty at Noon Tomorrow! Keep Calling! 12/3/2012 Year-in-Review Request from HSF


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As a young woman of German heritage growing up in the United States in the early-20th century, Dorrit Hoffleit experienced multiple layers of discrimination first-hand. None was more devastating, by her own account, than an incident when she and her mother were walking and ran into one of her teachers. The teacher, having also taught her older brother Herbert, looked to Mrs. Hoffleit and exclaimed, "Dorrit isn't nearly as bright as her brother, is she?" What really stuck with Hoffleit, however, was her mother's response: "What can you expect?" she asked. "She's only a girl." Only a girl who would go on to become a prolific astronomer, working until her death, at age 100.
Ellen Dorrit Hoffleit was born in Florence, Alabama, the daughter of German immigrants, Fred and Kate Hoffliet. The family relocated to New Castle, Penn., when her father was hired as a bookkeeper there. Hoffleit's interest in stars began at a young age, as she watched what appeared to be fireballs colliding in the skies above her backyard.
In 1924, Hoffleit began her studies at Radcliffe College, where she struggled to decide between focusing on fine arts or mathematics. She chose mathematics, hoping to be a geometry teacher, but, upon graduation in 1928, had a difficult time finding a teaching position. That winter, Hoffleit was offered a research assistant position at the Harvard College Observatory. She accepted the position and quickly became enthralled with the work. With only two college-level astronomy courses under her belt, Hoffleit soon became an expert at determining, spetroscopically, the absolute brightness of stars. In 1932, she received her M.A. in Astronomy from Radcliffe and, under the guidance and encouragement of Harlow Shapley, the director of the Harvard Observatory, went on to earn a Ph.D. in Astronomy in 1938. Her dissertation earned her the Carolyn Wilby Prize for best original research.
Hoffleit continued her work at the Harvard College Observatory until taking a job with the Ballistic Research Lab at the Aberdeen Proving Ground in 1943. Here, she computed trajectories for World War II missiles. She was the only Ph.D. hired at a sub-professional rating, the result of a discriminatory practice that was later corrected. Hoffleit remained here until 1948, when her love for astronomy pulled her back to Harvard.
By this point, the environment at Harvard had changed. Shapley was no longer the director, and Hoffleit was working for 40 cents an hour when men were paid $1.00. In 1956, after 25 years at Harvard, Hoffleit moved on to Yale University to run its star cataloging program.
In 1957, Hoffleit was named the director of the Maria Mitchell Observatory on Nantucket, where she initiated a summer research program for undergraduates, primarily young women. Under her mentorship, 11 of these women went on to earn a Ph.D. in astronomy. Collectively, they discovered more than 1,000 new variable stars and published more than 90 research papers.
During her years at Yale, Hoffleit's major work was The Bright Star Catalogue. She also wrote Astronomy at Yale, 1701-1968; produced hundreds of scholarly papers; co-authored the fourth edition of the Catalogue of Trigonometric Parallaxes; and, for 15 years, provided "News Notes" on astronomical events and trends for Sky and Telescope magazine. Though she officially retired in 1975, Hoffleit continued her work until her death in 2007.
Dorrit Hoffleit's many awards include the 1988 George van Biesbroeck Award for dedication to astronomy and the 1993 AAS-Annenberg Prize for science education. She is a past president of the American Association of Variable Star Observers, a Hoffleit Assistantship has been established at the Mitchell Observatory to honor her work, and she has had an asteroid named after her: Asteroid Dorrit.
During This Time
1946 - 1965: Women's Activism in Conservative Times
The Cold War in the 1950s between the Soviet Union and the United States produced fear of domestic subversion. The McCarthy Era purged suspected Communists from government, the entertainment industry, and universities, and labeled gays and lesbians as un-American security risks. General anxiety contributed to a popular conception of the family as a source of social stability, and reinforced traditional notions of women's place at home. In 1963, Betty Friedan called this promise of fulfillment through the domestic arts the "feminine mystique," and advocated instead that women seek personal careers.
For two decades, a burgeoning economy and a growing consumer culture had expanded the availability of jobs for women. Notable was the increase in the workforce of married women, especially middle-class white women and educated women, though they were viewed in the media as working less for a career than to assist their families with needed income or desirable amenities for the home.
Some working-class women in labor unions challenged traditional cultural norms, such as the United Electric, Radio and Machine Workers who achieved non-discrimination clauses in local contracts. Middle-class women moderated their interest in women's issues, promoting instead advancement through the League of Women Voters, YWCA, and the American Association of University Women. More radical women in Women Strike for Peace demonstrated against the nuclear arms race and were summoned to the House Un-American Activities Committee in 1962. Many activists would join the Civil Rights Movement.
The movement against segregation following World War II dates from the 1954 Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education, which ruled that segregated schools are inherently unequal and thus a violation of the 14th amendment. African-Americans were given new hope, and in 1955 Rosa Parks, a black seamstress who refused to give up her seat to a white man on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, triggered a bus boycott of critical importance. Black women and white women took part in boycotts, sit-ins, demonstrations, and marches. A culminating achievement in 1965 was the Voting Rights Act pushed through by President Johnson.
Mexican-Americans in the southwest also fought to improve their life and work conditions. In 1962, Dolores Huerta, co-founder with Cesar Chavez of the United Farm Workers, played a leading role in organizing a national boycott of grapes that forced growers to sign a contract with the union.
Other ethnic groups were soon to come to America, enriching its diversity. The Immigrant and Nationality Act of 1965 established an immigration system based on family preference. Half of the new immigrants came from Mexico and Central and South America, while a quarter were from Asia. Two-thirds of the immigrants were women and children. While poverty and acculturation were issues, for many the time-honored American process of upward social mobility had begun.
Special thanks to Barbara E. Lacey, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus of History, St. Joseph's College (Hartford, CT) for preparing these historical summaries.


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Kaine, Ayotte tout dueling sequester alternatives
Senate Democrats will move ahead with a last-ditch sequester avoidance effort this week, ahead of the March 1 deadline for the across-the-board spending reductions to go into effect, Sen. Tim Kaine said Sunday.
"We laid a plan on the table about 10 days ago, and we will be voting on it this week," the Virginia Democrat said on CBS's "Face the Nation." "This needs to start in the Senate. If we can find a balanced package in the Senate that gets bipartisan support, we can avoid these sequester cuts."
Hiring freezes and furloughs in the defense sector can be avoided with a last-minute deal before the deadline, Kaine added.
"There's no reason that this has to happen, we just need to find a balanced approach, and that's the balanced approach that we'll be voting on this week," Kaine said.
Waiting until the last minute to come up with a solution for sequester and the expiration of the continuing resolution is not the way Congress should be doing business, added Kaine, who sits on the Senate Budget Committee.
"There's no reason we should be playing this kind of brinksmanship," he said. "Let's get rid of the gimmicks. Sequester, continuing resolution, get back to ordinary budgeting just like what happens at every state capitol every year."
Sen. Kelly Ayotte, who also sits on the Budget Committee, echoed Kaine's sentiments -- but blamed Democrats.
"I've been outraged by the fact that we haven't had a budget for three years because the Senate Democrats haven't wanted to do it," the New Hampshire Republican said. "I'm glad that to hear Tim say we should do it, we wouldn't be in these positions, these sequester-type situations if we actually prioritized spending."
Ayotte added that Senate Democrats' plan to avert sequester relies too heavily on tax increases, and said she'll be working with her Senate Republican colleagues on an alternative plan.
"It seems like the first thing they come up with is, we're going to raise taxes. After having increased revenue, if you recall, in January, $600 billion over the next 10 years without any spending cuts, I think Republicans should have an alternative in the Senate," Ayotte said.
"This notion of giving the president the discretion to make the spending cuts, I think that's a cop-out," she added. "So I will be urging my colleagues to have an alternative and for us to present one."


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** The giveaway has ended, but be sure to check the Inside Gun Digest Books blog often for more chances to win great Gun Digest books.**
Whether the 1911 pistol is your handgun of choice for duty gun, concealed carry, home defense or target shooting at the range, here's your chance to win two Gun Digest books that celebrate this popular gun.
This week, one lucky winner will get the 100 Years of the 1911 Bundle – two must-have books about the 1911:
- Gun Digest Shooter's Guide to the 1911 -This is the definitive shooter's guide to the 1911, offering tips, tricks and techniques for getting the most out of your 1911, and real-world evaluations of more than 50 different models of the 1911.
- 1911: The First 100 Years – From predecessors of the 1911 and its contemporaries to the best of today's semi- and -full-custom models, you'll find it in 1911: The First 100 Years. Lavishly illustrated with photographs collected from around the world, this handsome book is a fitting centennial tribute to a pistol that is more popular than ever.
Collectors, shooters, historians – anyone interested in big-bore handguns or the evolution of this American classic – will enjoy this two-book set.
To enter the random drawing, just post a comment below telling us the primary purpose of your 1911 – concealed carry, home defense, target shooting or duty gun? Or, as always, you can just say you'd like to win the books.
Entries will be accepted until midnight Monday (May 21, 2012) and we'll announce the winner Tuesday (May 22).
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Contra Costa County's next election czar will undergo a criminal and financial background check not required of any other individual holding elected office.
And the results won't be made public despite the fact it involves an elected official. State law bans the release of such information to unauthorized people, the county says.
No one expects to find skeletons in the closets of either of the applicants seeking to succeed retiring Clerk-Recorder Steve Weir — Pleasant Hill Councilman Jack Weir or former Assemblyman Joe Canciamilla, of Pittsburg.
But County Administrator David Twa called it "prudent" to conduct the check — just as it was done in 1989 when retiring Weir was appointed — and verify that the county's choice is eligible to serve.
Twa also cited Assembly Bill 2410, a bill passed last year that permanently bars anyone convicted of certain crimes — voter fraud, accepting bribes and the like — from even running for state or local public office. The law already blocked these same felons from holding public office.
Bill author Assemblyman Felipe Fuentes, D-Arleta, was angry about the plethora of candidates across the state facing criminal charges, according to several newspaper accounts.
That's all fine and good. But the legislation says nothing about who bears the responsibility for sniffing out ineligible felons from among the thousands of people who run for office in California each election, seeking a seat on everything from mosquito abatement boards to transit districts.
Contra Costa doesn't run criminal background checks on everyone who files for public office nor is it considering such a step.
Instead, candidates for public office must sign a legal affidavit attesting they are eligible to serve. If this later proves untrue, the individual could face felony charges.
The board of supervisors could require the same signature from its clerk-recorder appointee, who must sign it anyway if he files for the office in 2014. Public officials must also complete a financial disclosure statement, which is a public document.
Again, no one suspects a background investigation into Weir or Canciamilla will render either man ineligible to hold public office.
But what if it did? How will the county explain it to the press and the public without violating state disclosure law? What if the backgrounder contains information voters would view as important in their evaluation of a public official?
The board of supervisors is not hiring a county employee. They are acting in the shoes of the voters and filling a critical vacancy until the next election.
Whatever information they gather in the process of making that choice should be made public.
MUST LOVE SUNSHINE: Speaking of County Administrator David Twa, it looks like he will be sticking around.
The one-time Minnesota county manager's contract expires this year and he was expected to look for greener pastures after five years of pay and benefit cuts.
But supervisors on Tuesday are set to vote on a new five-year contract that boosts Twa's annual pay 4 percent to $260,000 a year, plus bumps in vacation and deferred compensation.
The deal probably won't set well with county labor unions looking for a restoration of some of their wages and benefits.
On the other hand, all five supervisors hold Twa in very high regard and will probably argue that the cost to replace him — in both money and experience — would exceed the new contract's value.
GOT POLITICS? Read PoliticsWithLisaV. blogspot. com:
AND FINALLY: The National Conference on Public Employee Retirement Systems will hold its 2013 meeting in Honolulu and organizers must not want all this unpleasant talk about unfunded liabilities to dampen attendance.
It posted on its website a helpful "2013 Attendance Justification Tool Kit" complete with a sample letter to download and personalize, seven key talking points to help you make your case and travel tips for the budget conscious.
The Contra Costa County Employees Retirement Association is sending five of its board members — Terry Buck, Richard Cabral, Gabe Rodrigues, Jerry Telles and Debora Allen.
Conferences undeniably offer opportunities to mingle with experts and glean valuable information, especially part-time pension board members charged with a great deal of fiduciary responsibility in a highly complex field. Kudos to the folks willing to serve on such an important governing board.
But Hawaii?
Did no one ask, "How will this play at home with voters?"
Seriously, someone ought to build a mega conference resort in say, North Dakota, and block out December through March for gatherings of public officials and government agencies.
That would weed out the serious policymakers from the surfers.
Contact Lisa Vorderbrueggen at 925-945-4773, firstname.lastname@example.com, politicswithlisav.blogspot.com or Twitter.com/lvorderbrueggen.


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