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While ranking this list, I was thinking that while 2013 didn't have one movie that took over the conversation for the year, like The Master last year, that only means that there were so many good films released this year that we were faced with an embarrassment of riches. Plus the vagaries of international release mean that the films of this year's Oscar season that American critics are currently raving about won't arrive until into 2014; see Twelve Years A Slave, Inside Llewyn Davis and The Wolf of Wall Street, among others. So take this to be the list of best films that I saw due to cinematic/home video release in the UK in the calendar year 2013, and come back next year when I'll probably end up ranking more of 2013's best as I've actually been able to see them.
15. Blue Jasmine
Dir. Woody Allen
USA / 2013 / 98 mins
"Money isn't everything…"
A testament to control of tone, Jasmine is a far darker character study than Allen's trademark breeziness (and incessant jazz tootling away in the background) makes it appear. As much as the culture clash between Cate Blanchett's brittle society wife fallen on hard times and her new West Coast acquaintances is played for laughs, there's a genuine sadness and tragedy always close to hand. Blanchett's intensity and skill at portraying an emotional maelstrom just beneath the surface carries the film.
An excellent supporting cast round out the proceedings; Sally Hawkins is especially good as Jasmine's long-suffering sister, and Bobby Cannavale imbues what could have been a two-dimensional buffoon with a surprising amount of depth and pathos. Alec Baldwin (appearing entirely via flashback) as Jasmine's ex-husband and Madoff-esque swindler is in his element as a charming white-collar sociopath.
It's not a perfect film; the plotting is contrived in at least one moment, and a late-film scene muddies the issue of Jasmine's innocence or otherwise. However, the degree to which Allen wants you to empathise with Jasmine is more or less irrelevant when Blanchett so perfectly embodies such a neurotic, maddening, fascinating character.
14. Behind The Candelabra
Dir. Steven Soderbergh
USA / 2013 / 118 mins
"I love to give the people a good time."
A director with as detached and clinical a style as Soderbergh seems like he'd be interested in the artifice and spectacle of Liberace in his Vegas prime, giving virtuoso performances for audiences of Midwestern squares who never suspect anything about his private life. But as we follow dog trainer Scott Thorson (Matt Damon) into Liberace's bed, household and life, it becomes a moving love story.
Michael Douglas' amazing performance gives us Liberace as an essentially vulnerable, lonely man, shuffling around his mausoleum-like mansion (Soderbergh's wide angles and use of depth of field are particularly good at deepening the sense of isolation). His alternate possessiveness and fear of attachment, which show in the relationship's rough patches and ugly ending, weigh against his need to be loved. The film could have been a satire of showbiz vanity and delusion, and it feints towards that (especially in Rob Lowe's cameo). But Soderbergh's skill at uncovering the pathos beneath the glamour makes this a worthy note to bow out on.
13. The Act of Killing
Dir. Johua Oppenheimer
Denmark, Norway, UK, Finland / 2012 / 115 mins
"He's a happy man."
By now, the basic premise of Joshua Oppenheimer's documentary is well-known enough. Oppenheimer, working with a mostly-anonymous local crew, approached a few of the perpetrators of mass killings that took place in the wake of the US-backed military coup of 1965, and asked them to re-enact the murders on camera. Unpunished and unrepentant, they happily oblige, and the result is a fascinating statement on the role of the investigator as confessor, the creation of fiction in place of suppressed memory, and the human capacity for rationalisation.
Retired gangster/paramilitary Anwar Congo and his small group of cronies, who helped to slaughter their neighbours decades ago, now live happily as minor local celebrities, their own personas informed by Hollywood. This creates a bizarre feedback loop where the men act out their past deeds through a thick filter of genre cinema, starring in their own version of the gangster movies they used to watch.
Oppenheimer's smart enough not to tip his hand (although he has spoken extensively in interviews about the film), but one gets the sense that as horrifying as Congo's past crimes are, he sees him as a different kind of victim; playing the role of genial old war hero, trapped by guilt he can't even acknowledge, let alone process. The film's real rage and contempt is reserved for his blithely uncaring superiors, and the government minister who pumps up a crowd of extras for a village massacre scene, before smoothing over his image once the cameras are off.
Beyond the compelling subject matter and presentation, Oppenheimer brings some eye-catching visuals to the screen; the technicolour fantasias of the gangsters' musical number, the urban vistas of empty streets, and the open doorway in that final shot, a telling absence where reckoning should be.
12. Blue Is The Warmest Colour
Dir. Abdellatif Kechice
France, Belgium, Spain / 2013 / 179 mins
Abdellatif Kechiche's three-hour-long, Cannes-endorsed romance pretty much lives up to the hype; it's a moving portrait of the first flush of youthful romance and what happens when that isn't enough anymore.
Most of this is down to the two leads; Adèle Exarchopoulos (as Adèle) carries more or less the entire running time on her shoulders; she's rarely out of shot, usually filmed in close-up, and the camera explores every contour of her face as she builds her character through subtle shifts in expression. It's a remarkable performance. Her chemistry with Léa Seydoux, who plays the older Emma, gives weight to the film's portrayal of a budding relationship, its disintegration and the emotional fallout that follows.
The film is all about life, as lived fully as possible. Adèle eats voraciously; she loves with a fierce passion; when her heart's broken, she's crushed. The section of the film set at the height of the relationship explore Adèle's fierce loyalty to Emma as lover and artistic muse, but also emphasises that living solely for someone else isn't enough; at some point, you have to become your own person.
The strange rhythm of the film, including numerous time jumps and ellipses, mirrors the experience of time rushing by as you grow up; schoolfriends left behind, days and weeks lost in the wake of a major breakup.The length of the film works in its favour; the cumulative effect of those moments builds to communicate the weight of a person's past. We leave with the feeling that despite the elisions, we really have seen Adèle grow up before us.
11. The World's End
Dir. Edgar Wright
UK / 2013 / 109 mins
"I. Hate. This. TOWN!"
Edgar Wright's fourth feature film, and his latest genre comedy starring Simon Pegg and Nick Frost (billed as the concluding entry in their "Cornetto Trilogy") has the same furious pace and rapid-fire gags of their previous two collaborations. But there's also a darkness there that their past films didn't have. It's a film about the inevitable disappointments of life, about how nostalgia and conformity can trap us, and about the cost of breaking free.
All involved have stepped their game up significantly. Pegg leaves behind his usual lovable-manchild schtick; his Gary is a selfish, unrepentant fuck-up obsessed with recapturing the glory of his schooldays. Frost is more serious than usual, playing a man with responsibilities and a longstanding heap of justified resentment towards Pegg's character. For his part, Wright applies the stuntwork and fight sequence chops he displayed on Scott Pilgrim vs. The World to this film, creating ridiculously entertaining set-pieces that punctuate the schoolfriends' long journey into the night. (The fact that it's a bunch of out-of-shape fortysomethings involved in these furious brawls makes it even funnier.)
The sci-fi trappings bounce off the domestic drama in a way that enriches both (especially the poignant subplot featuring Eddie Marsan's character and the former school bully), as Gary races towards a reckoning with the responsibility he's been dodging his whole life. There are flaws, such as the underdeveloped supporting cast, and the audacious denouement that feels oddly underexplored. But it's still the most entertaining and resonant action comedy of the year.
10. Stoker
Dir. Park Chan-wook
UK, USA / 2013 / 99 mins
"We don't need to be friends. We're family."
Park Chan-Wook's English-language debut is an expertly-done series of icily efficient crescendos in tension, combining the slow burn of Thirst and JSA: Joint Security Area with the bravura setpieces of his revenge superthrillers. Mia Wasikowska is predictably excellent as the young girl whose coming of age is marred by the death of her father and near-simultaneous appearance of her charming but mysterious uncle.
It's a wonderful-looking film; the camera glides smoothly around the Stoker family's cavernous mansion, alternating between poised, elegant steadicam work and eerie off-kilter compositions. While the script echoes Hitchcock's Shadow of A Doubt, another obvious touchstone is David Lynch, with ultra-creepy soundscapes, flickering electric lights, rictus grins and frosty domesticity poised over an ocean of barely-concealed horror. "Realism" or "restraint" is the exact last thing I want from a director like Park, and it's an utter treat seeing his heightened pulp-opera stylings play out within the Southern Gothic fairytale atmosphere of this film.
9. Room 237
Dir. Rodney Ascher
USA / 2012 / 102 mins
"And that is the moon room, this is where everything happens."
Probably the most fun you'll have watching a documentary about a bunch of people watching a film, Rodney Ascher's unconventional video essay takes as its subject obsessive rewatchers of Stanley Kubrick's The Shining, and their far-fetched theories on the classic chiller.
Two decisions taken by Ascher elevate this premise into something special. The first is to never show the interviewees, keeping them as disembodied voices unpacking their interpretations. The second is to compose the film exclusively of archive footage and excerpts from The Shining. The Adam Curtis style patchwork of footage makes it seem like an eerie found product that grew out of some vast film archive, as the interviewees calmly parse out their takes on the film, sometimes frame-by-frame.
Some of the theories seem quite plausible (the numerous reference to the genocide of the Native Americans); some are genuinely interesting (mapping the impossible layout of the Overlook Hotel); some start off low-key and then take a hard right into lunacy (the moon landing one … 'nuff said). But as we travel further down the rabbit hole of the hermetic, conspiratorial side of film theory, The Shining takes on the characteristics of the Overlook; a labyrinthine enigma that has trapped these poor souls within a never-ending maze of signs and portents. For film obsessives, it's scarier than Jack Nicholson with an axe.
8. Gravity
Dir. Alfonso Cuaron
USA / 2013 / 91 mins
"I hate space."
Alfonso Cuaron's years-in-the-making survival-against-all-odds space thriller/groundbreaking effects showcase/well-deserved career revitalisation for Sandra Bullock is the most visually astounding film of the year. An exercise in sustained tension that's the equivalent of the last ten minutes of Jaws extended to feature length, the film draws its greatest dramatic charge from the primal terror of isolation in the pitiless emptiness of space.
The technical brilliance is always apparent but never overwhelming; Emmanuel Lubezki's long takes are unfussily precise in the way they track each character and position them in relation to each other and the point they're trying to reach. The film also mines the potential of 3D to make it an integral, immersive part of the cinematic experience.
For all the sense of scale and visual spectacle, it works because in terms of cast, plot and theme, it's stripped down the most essential core. (Some critics were sniffy about the script; my take is that there's a difference between simple and simplistic.) I found the focus on determination and will to survive inspiring, with the triumphant finale ranking as one of my favourite scenes of the year.
7. In The House
Dir. Francois Ozon
France / 2012 / 105 mins
"What are we doing in the story?"
Treading a fine line between creepy and charming, In The House ingratiates itself with the audience before pulling off a nimble series of twists and reversals. It's a film about voyeurism, wanting things seen from a distance and the lengths we go to believe in perfection.
Pompous schoolteacher and frustrated novelist Germain (Fabrice Luchini) takes his calm, self-assured pupil Claude (Ernst Umhauer) under his wing, aiming to nurture his writing talent. Claude delivers bitingly sarcastic dispatches from his best friend Rafa's seemingly perfect middle-class family home.
The balance of power between the two slowly shifts, with Germain rationalising away his interest in these dirt-dishing reports, and encouraging this infiltration of the oblivious household despite himself. Claude's actions begin to have consequences, and Germain wakes to his complicity in events too late to make a difference.
Writers, Ozon suggests, are a selfish breed. They take the world around them as raw material for their work, and would rather analyse the motivations of their characters than attend to the feelings of real people. The film takes a clear-eyed look at how powerful, enticing and dangerous the creative impulse can be. After all, everyone wants to be the hero of their own story.
6. Zero Dark Thirty
Dir. Kathryn Bigelow
USA / 2012 / 157 mins
"Fuck does that mean?" "It's a tautology."
This is a monumental film about the national security leviathan that America built for itself, viewed from inside the belly of the beast. It's peopled by characters who have willingly turned themselves into tools of the system, who torture wholeheartedly, who sublimate their jihadist zeal for vengeance into a bloodless bureaucratic structure.
It's maybe the only war on terror movie that's become more, not less relevant after the NSA surveillance revelations. The film charts a process of sifting through a formless morass of information, of a picture slowly coalescing out of suppositions and probabilities. (Rumsfeld's famous "known unknowns" also apply here.)
Bigelow's expert blocking and shot choices belie the look of faux-docudrama realism. The film really lives in the gulf between the grim displays of pain meted out in the name of revenge and the uncertainty and hunger for information that defines the hunt. Its cipher-like operatives swim in immense, abstracted patterns of data, lost in a never-ending fog of unknowns and probabilities. The masterful, horrifying raid sequence takes us back down into the realm of the real, of bloodstains and dead bodies. There's no catharsis, no triumph – just more data to feed the machine.
5. Frances Ha
Dir. Noah Baumbach
USA / 2012 / 86 mins
"I'm sorry … I'm not a real person yet."
One of the funniest films of the year (only The World's End competes on a pure gags-to-runtime ratio) and one of the most charming. It's a partial softening of Baumbach's acidic worldview, perhaps thanks to the input of star Greta Gerwig (who co-starred in Greenberg and co-wrote this film with Baumbach).
It's still fairly sardonic towards Gerwig's Frances; flighty, self-absorbed and more than a little unsure about who or what she wants to be. But there's a balance struck in not treating twentysomething ennui too seriously, or too trivially. The understated, slightly grainy black-and-white photography tracks her running, dancing and stumbling through a New York that seems at once full of possibility and forbiddingly difficult. It's this empathy that makes it such a hilarious and touching film.
4. Before Midnight
Dir. Richard Linklater
USA / 2013 / 109 mins
"It's not about time … more, perception."
This third entry in Linklater's Before… series hits harder and goes deeper than its predecessors. It's no longer just about romance, but about what comes after; the hard work of commitment, along with bitterness, disillusionment and the accumulated dead weight of history.
The witty interplay between Hawke's Jesse and Delpy's Celine, now settling into comfortable middle age with family of their own, still remains, as do the unshowy single takes that track the couple as they wander around beautiful locations talking about everything and nothing.
But time has taken its toll, especially in the decision made by Jesse to leave his first wife and share custody with his son. He and Celine are no longer connected by contingency, but in this for the long haul. The underlying tension all erupts in the late-film hotel room argument, a brutal eruption of suppressed discontent from two people who've been together long enough to know intimately how to push each other's buttons.
The romanticism of a couple in love walking around Europe's most beautiful tourist spots only lasts for so long. This far down the road, you have to reckon with the disappointments of the past and the frustrations of the present, and this film is all the richer (and maybe even more romantic) for the inclusion of serious fractures within this latest snapshot of Celine and Jesse's relationship.
3. Drug War
Dir. Johnnie To
China, Hong Kong / 2012 / 107 mins
"High risk, high reward. High reward, high risk."
This is one of Hong Kong action maestro Johnnie To's greatest works; a relentless procedural thriller in the Mann/Friedkin tradition which portrays cops and crooks as equally-matched gangs going toe-to-toe within the confines of a rigged, self-perpetuating system. When meth dealer Timmy Choi (Louis Koo) is hospitalised after a lab explosion, he's captured by hyper-professional Captain Zhang (Honglei Sun) and coerced into cooperating with the police in a scheme to entrap his colleagues, in the hope of avoiding a mandatory death sentence. There's no grudging respect here; both men consider themselves the smartest guy in the room. What happens when that isn't the case provides the series of hugely entertaining switchback plot twists.
In To's movies, action is character. Every act has a purpose, and a consequence. There's next to no expository dialogue in this film; the audience is simply shown characters doing, as if we've come into the scene a beat or two late, and left to unpack the meaning. The massive climactic gunfight, which tracks three separate groups through the carnage and makes room for significant character moments, is a masterpiece of action filmmaking.
As To's first film made in mainland China, it takes pains to cooperate with official strictures, with its straight-arrow cops and moralistic Crime Does Not Pay ending. But there's a note of bleak irony underneath. The supposed victory for law and order at the end feels ultimately hollow, with the numerous corpses strewn throughout the story left as casualties of an unwinnable war.
2. Django Unchained
Dir. Quentin Tarantino
USA / 2012 / 165 mins
"Kill white folks and they pay you for it? What's not to like?"
This is Tarantino putting his love of genre – Western, blaxploitation, good old mythic hero's journey – to use in an assault on both the antebellum South and its representation onscreen. You feel his glee in demolishing the genteel Gone With The Wind Southern cliches; as with his previous film Inglourious Basterds, he fights the good fight he only way he knows how – with cinema.
The squib-heavy gunfights and geysers of old-school Hollywood blood are pure filmic joy. (And for all the shade he gave John Ford in the film's publicity tour, Tarantino's clearly learned from the master in how to shoot widescreen American landscapes.) Foxx is akin to Melanie Laurent in Basterds as the film's steely avenger who anchors the more baroque Tarantinoisms through force of character.
He's more than able to hold his own against Waltz's fussy old-world gunfighter Schultz, and the reptilian slaver Calvin Candie (Leonardo diCaprio, chewing scenery like he's just come off a starvation diet.) But it's Samuel L Jackson in an extraordinary performance as Stephen, the house servant who's spent so long under the barbarism of slavery that his canny survivor's instinct has curdled into his own brand of bigotry, that's the most audacious and disturbing aspect of the whole thing.
It's not a perfect film, but you don't watch Tarantino for perfection. The wild ambition, the bizarrely misfiring comic riffs, the odd indulgences: they're part of his films' DNA. It's a pleasure to watch him steer his ramshackle masterpiece to a triumphantly cathartic ultraviolent conclusion.
1. Upstream Color
Dir. Shane Carruth
USA / 2013 / 96 mins
"The water before you is somehow special."
There wasn't a film of last year more purely cinematic than Upstream Color, Shane Carruth's follow-up to his mind-bending time travel debut Primer, arriving after almost a decade of Carruth trying to make several projects with as much independence as possible. On a surface level, they couldn't be more different; while Primer was a dry, sterile hard SF exercise, Upstream is impressionistic, concerned with selfhood and subjectivity, with a beating emotional core.
While somewhat elliptical and abstract, it's never obtuse. Indeed, the focus on conveying details through cinematography, editing and sound design mark it out as particularly in tune with the strengths of cinema as a medium. Voiceover and shot choices are combined so that both convey information independently. The muted colour palette creates a strong visual identity for the film. The sound design deserves particular appreciation, both in its use in building the disorienting ominous mood through the film, and its presence as a plot element.
Amy Seimetz and Carruth play two vulnerable, unsure people with a strange trauma lurking in their pasts who drift together, sharing a hesitant connection and eventual romance. On one level it's a story of two damaged people learning to overcome their separate hurts together, and it loses none of that strength for operating in a possible metaphorical space. As a film of ideas, it's richly ambiguous and thought-provoking, allowing a lot of conceptual leaps that never lose the audience.
There's a distinct note of Cronenbergian body horror within the film, stemming from the concept of the body as a biological system connected yet separate from our consciousness. In a way, it does for biology what Primer did for physics. If Primer is about the damage caused by running up against the hard, unyielding physical laws of the universe, then Upstream is about the tension between accepting that we are simply biological organisms and reckoning with what consciousness means in light of that. Where does that intangible thing that makes us human reside? It's an ambitious, smart, and incredibly assured film. I can't wait to see what Carruth does next.
And to finish up, the best non-2013 films I saw last year:
Outrage (Takeshi, 2011); The Friends of Eddie Coyle (Yates, 1973); Sunset Boulevard (Wilder, 1950); Skeletons (Whitfield, 2010); Shadow of a Doubt (Hitchcock, 1943); The Kid With A Bike (Dardennes, 2012); The Birds (Hitchcock, 1963); Southern Comfort (Hill, 1981); Once Upon A Time In Anatolia (Ceylan, 2011); Cascablanca (Curtiz, 1942); Wild At Heart (Lynch, 1990); To Live And Die In L.A. (Friedkin, 1985); Punch-Drunk Love (Anderson, 2002); They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (Pollack, 1969); Margaret (Lonergan, 2011); Black Caesar (Cohen, 1973); Real Life (Brooks, 1979); McCullin (Morris/Morris, 2012); Exiled (To, 2006); Jaws (Spielberg, 1975); The King of Marvin Gardens (Rafaelson, 1972); Oslo, August 31st (Trier, 2011); The Deep Blue Sea (Davies, 2011); Rio Bravo (Hawks, 1959); Enter The Dragon (Clouse, 1973); Universal Soldier: Day of Reckoning (Hyams, 2012); Trading Places (Landis, 1983); Sightseers (Wheatley, 2012); Paths of Glory (Kubrick, 1957); Wake In Fright (Kotcheff, 1971); Killer of Sheep (Burnett, 1979); Black Narcissus (Powell/Pressburger, 1947); Classe Tous Risques (Sautet, 1960); Side By Side (Keneally, 2012).


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Lily Allen's husband was left mortified after the pop star wrote a song praising his sexual prowess.
The "Smile" hitmaker unveiled new track "L8 CMMR" in February as she teased fans with clips from her upcoming third album Sheezus.
The lyrics make references to lengthy lovemaking sessions and Allen admits the track was inspired by her husband Sam Cooper's bedroom skills, but she lied and told him it was a general "idea" because he was so embarrassed.
Allen tells Britain's Daily Telegraph, "I think he's embarrassed. He's a very shy person. He likes to go to the pub and hang out with the lads, but he's not like, 'Wahey! My wife's singing about how good I am in bed!' It's more, 'Oh God, really? Do you have to?' And I have to go, 'It's not really about you, it's just an idea.' But of course it's about him."

subset: commoncrawl


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A year and a half ago I had been an avid bleach using hair damager. I would get my haired bleached at the salon about every six weeks, and dry and damage it to the inch of its' life. I would, on top of everything else, blow dry, straighten, curl, and tease my poor hair. One day upon looking down at my split ends and thinning hair, decided I want to grow out my hair healthy. This takes time, there is no miracle cure for damaged unhealthy hair, but if you really want to commit yourself, you will be very happy with the results! If you would like to learn how I did it, then keep reading 🙂
Tips On How I Changed The Life Of My Hair!
Some of these may be too much for you, or be too hard to stick to, but even just changing a few things can definitely help.
#1. Drink water, and LOTS of it. Not only will you see a huge difference in your skin and nails, you hair will be hydrated as well. Water runs our body, so the more we have the better.
#2. Don't shower every day. I was one of those people who showered every single morning because my hair felt greasy to me. Which, actually showering everyday makes your hair greasier, because your body is producing more oil because of the shampoo that is drying your hair out every day. Once you let you hair slow down, and shower every other day or every couple of days your hair will naturally go longer without needing to be washed. Between days, if you feel like you really need to wash your hair use some dry shampoo! This can be a savior and make your hair appear as if it was just washed, make your hair smell good, and give it volume! I like using the Suave dry shampoo.
#3. Watch out for what's in your shampoo and conditioners. Sulfates and parabens are the devil to your hair! These ingredients are what makes your shampoo nice and soapy, but in reality strip your hair as well as causing dryness and color loss for people who have color treated hair. The more natural and organic your shampoo can get the better I personally enjoy cleansing conditioners, such as the one from Salon Graphics, they make your hair super soft and full of moisture.
#4. Take your vitamins. Your hair needs nutrients to grow, so make sure you are feeding it! I take biotin every single day, taking Bitoin also helps your hair and nails be healthy as well. You can also take Folic Acid, this provides your hair with a whole bunch of good nutrients it needs as well. Make sure you are having plenty of proteins as well; chicken, eggs, nuts, ect. Your hair needs protein to grow, and grow fast! Also, massage oil into your ends! There are countless Youtube videos out there about using coconut oil, and for good reason. Coconut oil can actually penetrate the shaft of your hair and work to smoothen your ends out, preventing breakage and damage. This stuff really is a miracle in a jar. I also like to use argan oil, on my ends after a shower to keep them tangle free.
#5. Give your scalp and hair some loving! I give my scalp a massage all the time. Massaging your scalp stimulates your hair follicles and kick them in to high gear, making them grow faster, this affect can also be done by using a mint shampoo. #6. No more brushing your hair. Brushes rip out your hair and isn't very good for it. I am a comb only kind of girl now. I work through tangles gently at the ends and work my way up to my scalp slowly straightening it out to prevent any further harm to my strands of hair.
#7. Wear your hair up as often as you can. When your hair is hanging down around your shoulders, it can ketch on things and pull out. Every look down and notice hair on your jacket? That is all the lost souls! lol But avoid bobby pins and elastics with metal if you can, these can hurt your hair as well. I like to use scrunchies, even if it is a little bit seventies, and I always put my hair up at night when sleeping.
#8. Avoid the hot tools and dyes 😦 As much as you can… I know it's hard to not constantly be changing your hair color, and give your self bouncy curls, or pin straight hair, but think about it you are literally pressing 300 degree metal against your sad ends haha once in a while is okay, but try to be good to your hair. Also, it is much better to let your hair naturally air dry if you can manage, so you aren't blow drying it dry then using a hot tool. Also, if you must use heat make sure to use a heat protectant like the Tresseme Hair Protectant Spray. When it comes to hair dye I always would be dying my hair and wondered why it took forever to grow a cm. Since I have let my hair go to its' natural color and haven't touched it with dye it has grown ten times faster, but it's all up to what you want your hair to look like.
#9. Trims? Bologna. Unless your ends are very split and damaged, then yes you need to trim off the damage and start fresh. But if you take care of your hair, then you should have horrible split ends and damage, so there is no need for trim. Think about it, every time you go for a trim you are just cutting off every inch you tried so hard to grow. Your hair grows from your scalp not your ends.
#10. Avoid the bad stuff. Some things just don't go with hair growth, and certainly won't help you in the process. STRESS…stress can even promote hair loss! So get a Coke Zero and relax to some Rihanna haha. Try and steer clear of chlorine, swimming is a summer must, but if you have to you can help your hair out by working some conditioner into the ends before hand, or Ion sells a spray that protects your hair, and hair color from damage done by the chlorine. Extensions are amazing, long hair instantly! But letting your hair grow naturally is a good way to go, sharp heavy clips and glue only holds your hair down and can cause balding patches! :0 Even some medications can cause hair loss or thinning so it is always good to check what you are putting in your body.
I hope you guys enjoyed reading this post! Thank you so much for reading, please like and follow me for more Lovin' 🙂 Comment and let me know what you do to take care of your hair, as well if you have any questions on my process! I am thinking about writing a post on all the products I use on my hair, let me know what you think! I am not a salon professional or anything this is just what I do and works for me. Love always Pearlsnheels ❤
This is what My hair looked like before when it was platinum and severally damaged and thin: (I am on the right)
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Wal-Mart worker turns in $350 he found in parking lot, good deed ends up costing him
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Wal-Mart worker fired after waiting too long to turn in lost money
December 14, 2015
Wal-Mart employee Michael Walsh found $350 in the Niskayuna, N.Y., parking lot and turned in the lost money to his manager. The events that followed caught Walsh completely off guard.
Walsh, 45, was a Wal-Mart maintenance worker for 18 years, performing such tasks as picking up garbage and collecting wayward shopping carts before being fired over a seemingly harmless good deed on Nov. 6, 2015. He found $350 in the parking lot and turned the money in to his manager, but was terminated for "gross misconduct."
In an interview with the Times Union, Walsh states that he found a $5 bill in the parking lot and brought it to his manager at once, but found stacks of cash in different denominations — $350 in total — when he resumed his duties outside. The Times Union reports that the money "was not in an envelope and bore no identification." Walsh put the cash in his pocket before continuing to work.
Walsh went to the manager with the intention of turning in the lost $350 after finishing his tasks in the parking lot, when he encountered a harrowing sight. According to Walsh, "a woman was yelling at a manager, freaking out that she lost her money and I got nervous ... I kind of froze and didn't want any trouble." The Times Union reports that he suffers from "anxiety issues," so Walsh says that he performed other work tasks until the pandemonium had subsided and he had calmed down. Approximately 30 minutes later, he turned the money in.
A few days later, Walsh was brought in to his manager's office and interrogated about the money and why it had taken him so long to bring it to the proper personnel. Walsh claims that the manager showed him video surveillance footage indicating that half an hour had passed before he turned the money in, and tells the Times Union, "they didn't let me explain and said they knew what happened. They told me how it happened in a way they wanted it to go ... I got treated like a common criminal."
Walsh's termination is even more distressing when its timing is taken into consideration. The Times Union notes that he has been denied his 20 percent employee discount during prime holiday shopping season, and since he had only worked for Wal-Mart for 18 years prior to his termination, Walsh is no longer eligible for the 10 percent lifetime discount card given to 20-year employees.
Business Insider reports that activist groups are rallying behind Walsh to prevent Wal-Mart from wrongfully terminating and mistreating employees in the future. Jess Levin, a spokeswoman for Making Change at Walmart, tells Business Insider, "we cannot allow America's largest employer to keep treating their employees as disposable and taking away their jobs for no real reasons."
Amid the backlash Wal-Mart received over this incident and the termination of another employee on the same day for redeeming $2 from recyclable bottles and cans left in shopping carts (mentioned in the same Times Union article), company spokesman Aaron Mullins had this to say to Business Insider about Walsh's case:
"We have high expectations for our associates that include policies and standards grounded in integrity and truthfulness. We take all associate matters seriously and have procedures in place that enable us to conduct thorough investigations and take action, if necessary. Regarding this specific associate matter, we have nothing further to share at this time."
§ Times Union and Business Insider
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Second preference med school...
GAMSAT Test Preparation Forum Index
Med School
Joined: 16 May 2009
Posts: 43
Location: Perth
Posted: Fri Jun 12, 2009 3:48 am
Post subject: Second preference med school...
Does putting a uni as your second preference actually harm your chances of getting a place in medicine at all, if your first preference was a uni which was very hard to get into?
Lets just say my first pref uni typically had very high entrance standards and my GAMSAT and GPA were only just scraping by, while I had a second pref uni which was relatively easy to get into.
And assuming that if I got an interview with uni A, but had a high probability of being rejected, how badly would that hurt my chances of getting a place in uni B, which I probably would have stood a highly realistic chance of getting into if I had put it as first pref?
I'm doing GAMSAT next year, so I don't have a score I can quote. This is a hypothetical question prompted because I'm already studying hard for the exam and thinking tactically about the best way to get into medicine.
If applying for A significantly hurts my chances of getting into medicine at all, while B was a fairly safe bet, why would I take the chance and put A as my first preference?
Or could I possibly get two interviews and possibly two offers, with my chances of getting into B not being harmed by putting A first?
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|Generation 1 & 2 RBY and GSC Resources and Tutorials. Mostly for disassembly.
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|13th July 2013, 07:01 AM
Johto Region Champion
Join Date: Jul 2013
Location: Johto
Age: 30
Posts: 779
[Gen II] "Useful Offsets Thread"
Here is a list of the location and format of several things in the ROM that would be handy to know about when it comes to hex editing. Some of these are found on my own, others I got from MeanMrMustad, Coolboyman, or various other users on Skeetendo. Some of these are redundant, since there are tools that edit them more simply than doing it by hand in a hex editor. But its always good to know how things work.
Flight Data
The format is [Map Bank] [Map Number] [X Position] [Y Position].
Tileset Animations
Ever wanted to change the way some of the animated tiles looked, or maybe the animation of the cut tree or the headbutt tree to match your new graphics? Now you can! Just go to these locations in TLP and edit them all you want. Note that on the flower animation, it appears to have 4 frames, but only 2 seem to be used. They are the frames that look to be in full colour.
8CB0B - Headbutt animation
8CC04 - Cut animation
FC348 - Water Animation
FC3A7 - Flower Animation
FC420 - Lava Animation
FC57D - Sprout Tower Pillar Animation
FC8AD - Whirlpool Animation?
Changing TMs
11A66-11A97 What TMs teach you
11A98-11AA3 What HMs teach you (Room for 1 free, according to Koolboyman)
Basically, it is just a list of hex values corresponding to the skill taught by each TM in order. Pretty straight forward.
Changing Pokemon's Menu Sprites
Gold-> 8E976
Silver -> 8E95B
This is a list, in Pokédex order, of which sprite is used by each Pokémon. The list of sprites and their values is as follows:
Changing the intro monologue
624e - Change to 00 to disable the intro movie (Lapras, Charizard breathing Fire, all that)
62bf - Change to 00 to disable the clouds scrolling on the title screen
5faa - Change to 00 to disable time set monologue
906ae - Initial Hour (If time setting is disabled, it will always register as being this hour, I think. I'm pretty sure this is part of how I made it always day in SaR.)
5FC2 - Oak Sprite (1st time) [Can be any trainer number]
6017 - Oak Sprite (2nd time) [Can be any trainer number]
5FDE - Pokemon sprite
6061 - Pokemon Cry
6037 - Player Sprite [Can be any trainer number]
60C0 - Player Sprite again (Only shown if you enter your own name)
0x15319 - Where the game starts [Map Bank][Map][X][Y]
0x5cea - How much money to start with
1468C-146BF - Pointer table to Spritesets
146C0-146CA - Spriteset (Pallet Town)
146CB-146D5 - Spriteset (Viridian City)
146D6-146E0 - Spriteset (Pewter City)
146E1-146EB - Spriteset (Cinnabar Island)
146EC-146F7 - Spriteset (Cerulean)
146F8-14701 - Spriteset (Saffron)
14702-1470C - Spriteset (Celadon)
1470D-14717 - Spriteset (Lavender)
14718-14722 - Spriteset (Vermilion)
14723-1472D - Spriteset (Fuchsia)
1472E-14738 - Spriteset (League)
14739-14745 - Spriteset (New Bark Town)
14746-1474E - Spriteset (Cherrygrove City)
1474F-14759 - Spriteset (Mt. Silver)
1475A-14764 - Spriteset (Violet)
14765-1476F - Spriteset (Ecruteak)
14770-1477A - Spriteset (Azalea)
1477B-14785 - Spriteset (Goldenrod)
14786-14790 - Spriteset (Cianwood City)
14791-1499B - Spriteset (Olivine)
1479C-147A6 - Spriteset (Lake of Rage)
147A7-147B1 - Spriteset (Mahogany)
147B2-147BC - Spriteset (Blackthorn)
147BD-147C7 - Spriteset (Caves)
147C8-147D2 - Spriteset (S.S. Aqua + Etc.)
147D3-147DD - Spriteset (Special)
This is just a list of which sprites will be available on those maps. If a sprite is used that is not in the list, it will show up as the player during normal gameplay. To add a sprite to a sheet, you will have to replace one already in the list. Also, spritesheets are only reloaded when you enter a map through a warp, not via a standard warpless connection. This is part of why the game uses Route gates. You may need to place a sprite in more than one spritesheet to get it to always show up properly in the game. (for example, putting one in Cherrygrove or New Bark Town would require editing both, as there is no route gate between the two).
x141A9 - Your default sprite [Can be any sprite number, even one of the Variable ones]
x141AB - Bicycling Sprite [Can be any sprite number, even one of the Variable ones]
x147DE-14A17 - Pointers to Sprites, format is as follows:
(all are 1 byte each unless otherwise specified)
[GFX Pointer (2byte)]
Editing the font
0xF8001 - 2byte pointer to Font Graphics
0xF8008 - Byte tells which bank font is in
0xF800A - 8D 1bpp 72 - 2Bpp
Ever wonder how Coolboyman made the font in Prism have a shadow behind it? Now you can too. Or you can be creative in whatever way you want.
Simply repoint the font to a stretch of blank space (Gen II uses 00 for blank space, NOT FF like Gen III), and insert it in TLP. You will want to change it to 2Bpp so the game will load it as a 4-colour graphic, instead of a 2-colour graphic as it does by default.
0xF8046 - 0x30 for 1bpp, 0x60 for 2bpp
0xF8049 - 2byte Pointer to Border styles
0xF8055 - Byte tells which bank borders are in
0xF8057 - 0x8D for 1bpp, 0x72 for 2Bpp
These are the same as the font, but can be done independently. ie- you can have a 4-colour font, but still keep the normal 2-colour borders, or vice-versa.
The Trigger table
x94000 - Start location
Format for each entry is:
[Map Bank] [Map No] [Ram Address (2 bytes)]
Ever added a trigger event to a map that didn't have one to begin with, then wondered why they didn't work? For triggers to work, the map has to be listed in this table, so the game knows what trigger timing they are on. The easiest way to fix this is of course to replace one of the maps in the list that you don't plan on having triggers on anymore. Like, say you didn't need the triggers on Route 29 anymore that show you how to catch Pokemon. You could easily overwrite that map's entry to add them to your other map.
x518A6 - How many trainer groups
x80000 - Pointer table to trainer pictures
x3993E - Pointer table to where trainer data starts. 2 byte pointer for each trainer group in order, starting with Falkner
xE9027 - Table with which song plays when you are "seen" by a trainer
x27283 - Table that determines DVs for each trainer class. 2 bytes per trainer class.
With this, you can do a lot of neat things. You could repoint the trainer groups for gym leaders, allowing them to have multiple entries so you could script rematches with them, or if you wanted to change their name to be longer or give them more Pokemon than they had to begin with. Also handy for adding more trainers of a certain type, or if you wanted to give Professor Oak his own trainer data (by default, his data points to the same location as Elite Four Will). Akwa has written a nice trainer editor that will let you alter all trainer rosters however you want, and it automatically fixes all the pointers so you don't have to worry about that. It doesn't handle the other things this describes however.
x39562 - Table that determines how much money is given by each trainer
For calculating the given money of any battle, a value from that table is picked and is multiplied by (8 * [highest leveled pokemon of enemy]). For example, the third byte in the list (19) is used for given money for trainer group "Leader (Falkner)".
Following it are six bytes you don't have to worry about and another "19" used for given money for trainer group "Leader (Whitney)" and so on...
Basically, you can find the "given money" byte for each trainer with the following calculation:
0x39564 + ([Trainer Group] - 1) * 7
(Credit to Miksy91)
Catching Pokemon
x23994-Pointer (2-Byte) to name to use for "how to catch Pokemon"
Ever wanted to change the name of the NPC who teaches you how to catch Pokémon, like I did in SaR so it says "OLD MAN" instead of "DUDE"? Now you can! Just repoint it to a blank space in the same bank (there's plenty of room to write a new name) and type whatever name you wish, followed by x50. Simple as that.
Lowercase me!
x1150= Determines the characters used by the "POKé" code in the text table.
Ever wanted to change it so words aren't annoyingly in ALL CAPS for no reason, but couldn't fix all of it? This lets you change the letters used by the special character used to display "POKé". You can type over it and make it say "Poké" instead, like a normal person.
xEA = Hex Byte to use in text for "é"
Useful if you want to, idk, have an NPC say "They should have called the new gens 'Jokémon' since they are so ridiculous!" or something.
New Pokedex
x40D60 - New Pokedex Order
This is just a list of bytes determining the order Pokemon will show up in for "New Pokedex" mode. Handy for those of you replacing Pokemon in your hack.
Trainer Back Sprites
Hiro's back pic offset = 3F9CB
48 x 48 pixels
Dude's Back Pic offset = 3FB5B
48 x 48 pixels
You can insert these with AgiXP if you uncheck the box for "Pokemon/Trainer inserting" and manually tell it the offset. Type "&h" (without the quotes) in front of the offset to tell it that you are giving it a hex location instead of decimal. Be careful and make a backup before doing this, since if the picture ends up being larger when compressed than the old one it may overwrite something. I will eventually post a separate tutorial that talks about the Backsprite loading routine, and explains how to do nifty things like repointing these, as well as adding additional backsprite options (like I did for Christmas, since the girl needed her own backsprite obviously).
Killing Things
No start Menu Descriptor
x12C75-12C7B AND x12C7F-12C92 -> Change these all to 00 to disable the description box on the Start menu (gives it that classic Red version feel)
Killing Hiro's Bed and Town Map in your room (From Tauwasser)
181BE7 - change to 01 to prevent them from loading. Lets you edit the map of the player's room without having stairs and the bed magically show up where they normally would, has the downside of not letting you change them with the PC.
Editing Attacks
x41AFE = Start of attack data
Format for each attack is this:
[Attack Animation] [Effect] [Base Power] [Type] [Accuracy] [PP] [00]
0x347F3 - Moves with increased critical hit ratio. List ends with 0xFF.
Repointing Things
Ho-oh on Title Screen
Pointer to Ho-oh graphics: x62D7
Bank for Ho-oh graphics: x62DD
Original Ho-oh graphic data: xE4260
The graphics are organized strangely due to the way he flaps his wings and such (graphics for his Face, then Body, then only the tiles for the wings that change. It doesn't have a full bird for each frame since most of him stays the same). You can export the original picture from the rom with AGIXP. Just De-Select the "Pokemon/Trainer Inserting" box, manually tell it the offset, and for X and Y leave the first box blank and put 48 in the second one (this still won't make it all look right, but parts of it will be).
Type Names
x509AE = Pointer table to Type Names
Unused types point to "NORMAL", so you can make new types by having them point to a new name, and then adding their data in the type chart, which Coolboyman wrote a tutorial about on PokéCommunity.
Pokemon Moves/Evolution Data
427BD-429B2 Pointers to Pokemon Moves/Evolution Data
Want a Pokemon to learn more moves than they do, or have more evolutions than they do? Change that here! The pointers go in Pokedex order. You can also repoint them with Pokémon Editor Ultimate.
Trade Table
xFCB9C-Offset of Trade Table Pointer (2 Byte)
Want to add in some new in-game trades instead of just replacing old ones? Simply repoint the table, copy the old one, and start adding your new entries to the list. I need to go in and check to see what the limit is for how many new trades you can add without causing problems. Add that to my todo list.
Beta Stuff
Pokeflute -
If you open up an item editor, and change item number x38 to have a Use option, you will find that it is a working Pokeflute item. It won't play the song, and you will have to change it's name from Teru-Sama for it to look right, but it works.
I hope this helps answer some questions you all may have, and helps you all do things in hacks that you wanted to, but were unsure how to do.
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Netflix: Oppenheimer Ups Target to $500; 70M Int'l Subs by 2020
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Shares of Netflix (NFLX) are up $1.60, or half 0.4%, at $419.43, after Oppenheimer & Co.'s Jason Helfstein this morning reiterated an Outperform rating, while raising his price target to $500 from $435, concluding subscribers in Canada and overseas will rise sharply this year.
"We expect NFLX to end 2014 with 17 million international subscribers, a 55% increase over 2013," writes Helfstein, noting that international subscribers were at 13 million at the end of the March quarter.
He thinks that will rise to 70 million international households by 2020, a 30% annual compounded rate of growth.
Helfstein notes that Netflix doesn't break out individual country totals outside the U.S., so he had to do his own guesstimations.
He offers the following points on his methodology:
- Reviewed publicly available comments from management to determine international markets and planned launches;
- Forecast broadband penetration rates for each country based on data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU);
- Estimated NFLX's penetration of broadband households based on historical subscriber growth in Canada and UK/Ireland.
Helfstein makes the following assumptions about international markets:
- We do not assume any growth in the global population. According to The World Bank, the global population has increases by approximately 1.4% per year over the past ten years. However, we believe analyzing growth in broadband households is more relevant for an analysis on Netflix penetration.
- We assume 2020 broadband penetration will increase by roughly 10% in each market. According to the ITU, 134, or 69% of all countries had a plan, strategy or policy to promote broadband in 2013. The ITU projects 40% of global households will be connected to the internet in 2015. We believe a 10% increase in penetration over 2014 is conservative, and implies an average penetration rate of 55% in 2020. Point Topic forecasts 940 million global broadband subscribers by 2018. Our analysis assumes 2020 Netflix markets covering 489 million broadband subscribers, roughly half of broadband subscribers worldwide.
- For markets that were launched before 2015, we assume Netflix's penetration will increase by 20%, on average. For markets that are launched in 2015 and thereafter, we apply a conservative penetration rate, with older markets having a higher penetration than recently launched markets.


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A decline in memory and cognitive (thinking) function is considered by many authorities to be a normal consequence of aging.1 2 While age-related cognitive decline (ARCD) is therefore not considered a disease, authorities differ on whether ARCD is in part related to Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia3 or whether it is a distinct entity.4 5 People with ARCD experience deterioration in memory and learning, attention and concentration, thinking, use of language, and other mental functions.6 7
ARCD usually occurs gradually. Sudden cognitive decline is not a part of normal aging. When people develop an illness such as Alzheimer's disease, mental deterioration usually happens quickly. In contrast, cognitive performance in elderly adults normally remains stable over many years, with only slight declines in short-term memory and reaction times.8
People sometimes believe they are having memory problems when there are no actual decreases in memory performance.9 Therefore, assessment of cognitive function requires specialized professional evaluation. Psychologists and psychiatrists employ sophisticated cognitive testing methods to detect and accurately measure the severity of cognitive decline.10 11 12 13 A qualified health professional should be consulted if memory impairment is suspected.
Some older people have greater memory and cognitive difficulties than do those undergoing normal aging, but their symptoms are not so severe as to justify a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Some of these people go on to develop Alzheimer's disease; others do not. Authorities have suggested several terms for this middle category, including "mild cognitive impairment"1415 Risk factors for ARCD include advancing age, female gender, prior heart attack, and heart failure. and "mild neurocognitive disorder."
MelatoninVitamin CVitamin E
What are the symptoms of age-related cognitive decline?
People with ARCD experience deterioration in memory and learning, attention and concentration, thinking, use of language, and other mental functions.
Dietary changes that may be helpful for age-related cognitive decline
In the elderly population of southern Italy, which eats a typical Mediterranean diet, high intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (e.g., olive oil) has been associated with protection against ARCD in preliminary research.16 However, the monounsaturated fatty acid content of this diet might only be a marker for some other dietary or lifestyle component responsible for a low risk of ARCD.
Caffeine may improve cognitive performance. Higher levels of coffee consumption were associated with improved cognitive performance in elderly British people in a preliminary study.17 Older people appeared to be more susceptible to the performance-improving effects of caffeine than were younger people. Similar but weaker associations were found for tea consumption. These associations have not yet been studied in clinical trials.
Animal studies suggest that diets high in antioxidant-rich foods, such as spinach and strawberries, may be beneficial in slowing ARCD.18 Among people aged 65 and older, higher vitamin C and beta-carotene levels in the blood have been associated with better memory performance,19 though these nutrients may only be markers for other dietary factors responsible for protection against cognitive disorders.
One preliminary study found that, among middle-aged men, those who ate more tofu had a higher rate of cognitive decline compared with men who ate less tofu.20 Since tofu and other soy products have consistently demonstrated important health benefits in this age group (e.g., as cholesterol-lowering foods), middle-aged men should not limit their consumption of these foods until the results of this isolated study are independently confirmed
Lifestyle changes that may be helpful for age-related cognitive declineCigarette smokers and people with high levels of education appear to have some protection against ARCD.21 The reason for each of these associations remains unknown. However, as cigarette smoking generally is not associated with other health benefits and results in serious health risks, doctors recommend abstinence from smoking, even by people at risk of ARCD.
A large, preliminary study in 1998 found associations between hypertension and deterioration in mental function.22 Research is needed to determine if lowering blood pressure is effective for preventing ARCD.
A randomized, controlled trial determined that group exercise has beneficial effects on physiological and cognitive functioning, and well-being in older people. At the end of the trial, the exercisers showed significant improvements in reaction time, memory span, and measures of well-being when compared with controls.23 Going for walks may be enough to modify the usual age-related decline in reaction time. Faster reaction times were associated with walking exercise in a British study.24 The results of these two studies suggest a possible role for exercise in preventing ARCD. However, controlled trials in people with ARCD are needed to confirm these observations.
Psychological counseling and training to improve memory have produced improvements in cognitive function in persons with ARCD.25 26 27
Nutritional supplements that may be helpful for age-related cognitive decline
Several clinical trials suggest that acetyl-L-carnitine delays onset of ARCD and improves overall cognitive function in the elderly. In a controlled clinical trial, acetyl-L-carnitine was given to elderly people with mild cognitive impairment. After 45 days of acetyl-L-carnitine supplementation at 1,500 mg per day, significant improvements in cognitive function (especially memory) were observed.28 Another large trial of acetyl-L-carnitine for mild cognitive impairment in the elderly found that 1,500 mg per day for 90 days significantly improved memory, mood, and responses to stress. The favorable effects persisted at least 30 days after treatment was discontinued.2930 31 32 and uncontrolled33 clinical trials on acetyl-L-carnitine corroborate these findings. Controlled
Phosphatidylserine derived from bovine brain phospholipids has been shown to improve memory, cognition, and mood in the elderly in at least two placebo-controlled trials. In both trials, geriatric patients received 300 mg per day of phosphatidylserine or placebo. In an unblinded trial of ten elderly women with depressive disorders, supplementation with phosphatidylserine produced consistent improvement in depressive symptoms, memory, and behavior after 30 days of treatment.34 A double-blind trial of 494 geriatric patients with cognitive impairment found that 300 mg per day of phosphatidylserine produced significant improvements in behavioral and cognitive parameters after three months and again after six months.35
A double-blind trial found both 30 mg and 60 mg per day of vinpocetine improved symptoms of dementia in patients with various brain diseases.36 Another double-blind trial gave 30 mg per day of vinpocetine for one month, followed by 15 mg per day for an additional two months, to people with dementia associated with hardening of the arteries of the brain, and significant improvement in several measures of memory and other cognitive functions was reported.3738 39 However, a study of Alzheimer patients in the United States found vinpocetine given in increasing amounts from 30 mg to 60 mg per day over the course of a year neither reversed nor slowed the decline in brain function measured by a number of different tests.40 Other double-blind trials have reported similar effects of vinpocetine in people with some types of dementia or age-related cognitive decline.
Vincamine, the unmodified compound found naturally in Vinca minor, has also been tested in people with dementia. A large double-blind trial found 60 mg per day of vincamine was more effective than placebo for improving several measures of cognitive function in patients with either Alzheimer's disease or dementia associated with vascular brain disease.41 A small double-blind study of vascular dementia also reported benefits using 80 mg per day of vincamine.
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency is common among people over age 65.42 A Finnish study demonstrated that approximately 25% of Finnish and Dutch elderly people are deficient in vitamin B6 as compared to younger adults. In a double-blind trial, correcting this deficiency with 2 mg of pyridoxine per day resulted in small psychological improvements in the elderly group. However, the study found no direct correlation between amounts of vitamin B6 in the cells or blood and psychological parameters.43 A more recent double-blind trial of 38 healthy men, aged 70 to 79 years, showed that 20 mg pyridoxine per day improved memory performance, especially long-term memory.44
Supplementation with vitamin B12 may improve cognitive function in elderly people who have been diagnosed with a B12 deficiency. Such a deficiency in older people is not uncommon. In a preliminary trial, intramuscular injections of 1,000 mcg of vitamin B12 were given once per day for a week, then weekly for a month, then monthly thereafter for 6 to 12 months. Researchers noted "striking" improvements in cognitive function among 22 elderly people with vitamin B12 deficiency and cognitive decline.45 Cognitive disorders due to vitamin B12 deficiency may also occur in people who do not exhibit the anemia that often accompanies vitamin B12 deficiency. For example, in a study of 141 elderly people with cognitive abnormalities due to B12 deficiency, 28% had no anemia. All participants were given intramuscular injections of vitamin B12, and all showed subsequent improvement in cognitive function.46
Vitamin B12 injections put more B12 into the body than is achievable with absorption from oral supplementation. Therefore, it is unclear whether the improvements in cognitive function described above were due simply to correcting the B12 deficiency or to a therapeutic effect of the higher levels of vitamin B12 obtained through injection. Elderly people with ARCD should be evaluated by a healthcare professional to see if they have a B12 deficiency. If a deficiency is present, the best way to proceed would be initially to receive vitamin B12 injections. If the injections result in cognitive improvement, some doctors would then recommend an experimental trial with high amounts of oral B12, despite a current lack of scientific evidence. If oral vitamin B12 is found to be less effective than B12 shots, the appropriate treatment would be to revert to injectable B12. At present, no research trials support the use of any vitamin B12 supplementation in people who suffer from ARCD but are not specifically deficient in vitamin B12.
Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in the brain. It is partially responsible for regulating sleep-wake cycles. Cognitive function is linked to adequate sleep and normal sleep-wake cycles. Cognitive benefits from melatonin supplementation have been suggested by preliminary research in a variety of situations and may derive from the ability of melatonin to prevent sleep disruptions.47 48 49 50 A double-blind trial of ten elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment showed that 6 mg of melatonin taken two hours before bedtime significantly improved sleep, mood, and memory, including the ability to remember previously learned items.51 However, in a double-blind case study of one healthy person, 1.6 mg of melatonin had no immediate effect on cognitive performance.52
The long-term effects of regularly taking melatonin supplements remain unknown, and many healthcare practitioners recommend that people take no more than 3 mg per evening. A doctor familiar with the use of melatonin should supervise people who wish to take it regularly.
Use of vitamin C or vitamin E supplements, or both, has been associated with better cognitive function and a reduced risk of certain forms of dementia (not including Alzheimer's disease).53 Clinical trials of these antioxidants are needed to confirm the possible benefits suggested by this study
Are there any side effects or interactions with age-related cognitive decline?
Refer to the individual supplement for information about any side effects or interactions.
Herbs that may be helpful for age-related cognitive decline
Most54 55 56 57 58 59 60 but not all61 clinical trials, many of them double-blind, have found ginkgo supplementation to be a safe and effective treatment for ARCD.
Huperzine A, an isolated alkaloid from the Chinese medicinal herb huperzia(Huperzia serrata), has been found to improve cognitive function in elderly people with memory disorders. One double-blind trial found that huperzine A (100 to 150 mcg two to three times per day for four to six weeks) was more effective for improving minor memory loss associated with ARCD than the drug piracetam.62 More research is needed before the usefulness of huperzine A is confirmed for mild memory loss associated with ARCD.
Refer to the individual herb for information about any side effects or interactions
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text:
When I was in High School, I didn't need a car. I took a city bus from across the street from my house, to school.
Some days, I was able to drive my father into work, and keep his car, a PONTIAC TEMPEST, for the day, then pick him up after work.
Image: Dad's Car. Pontiac Tempest.
After graduating High School, I went to the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. The school is about an hour and a half from Boston. Undergraduates who lived on campus were not allowed to have cars at school.
When I moved off campus in my Junior year, I was able to buy a car.
I had saved my own money and made the decision on what car I wanted on my own.
This was a poor decision.
I should have gotten some help in making my choice, but I didn't.
I thought that a used car lot that advertised, "No Haggling," was a great place to get a car.
So I like the looks of a FORD TORINO with low miles, 33,000.
Image: My First Car. A Ford Torino.
I bought it and took it out to UMass.
Shortly after I bought it, it started to have engine trouble. It turned out that the car didn't have 33,000 miles on it, it had 133,000 miles!
The dealer offered to take out the engine and install a new one for under $700.
For some reason that I don't remember now, I agreed.
That actually did solve my engine problems, but that was just the beginning.
The car then needed new tires.
I shopped around, and the best deal was from a table in the Student Union, where they were selling some type of reconstituted tires that combined the shells from nuts.
I bought those tires.
I was probably nuts to do it!
The next thing that happened was that the car started having starter problems.
I was working at K-Mart at the time, and had the K-Mart garage take a look. They did some work on the car in time for a Spring Break trip to Florida.
I'll never forget planning the trip. I called my mom to tell her that we were going to Miami, Florida for Spring Break.
She asked, "What airline?"
I replied: "We're driving."
To this day we get a big laugh out of it.
The car still had starting problems, so on our trip from Amherst, MA to Miami, FL, we didn't turn the car off that much!
We also had planned to leave first thing in the morning and drive straight through. We got excited, and decided to leave the night before.
Another bad decision, that meant that we lost TWO NIGHTS of sleep.
The car made it down and back.
After graduating UMass and getting my first full-time job, I was able to afford a better car.
This time I asked friends what cars they liked, and many of them owned a TOYOTA CELICA. They all said it was a good car. So I went to a local Toyota dealer and test drove a Toyota Celica with low miles. This time the odometer was accurate and I ended up with a more reliable car.
Image: My second Car. Toyota Celica.
What made me think about sharing this story, was MassMutual's #FutureSmart app. It's a new tool for teaching #kids about making life choices and being smart about #money.
One of the situations asks kids to decide if they want to buy a car.
This is one of those great life learning moments. In addition to deciding if you want, and can afford, to buy a new or used car, you also have to consider the added costs of owning a car:
In my case, I could have done a better job of listening to friends and family, and valuing their advice.
Disclosure: This has been a sponsored post for MassMutual.


text:
[Bust portrait of William Ryon]
Description: Bust portrait of William Ryon. The photograph is a copy from a book. William, who is dressed in a three piece suit, white shirt, and black ascot, has thinning hair that curls up over his ears. The picture has a thin black line bordering it. The photograph was placed in page 1 (top) of Mamie George's photo album.
Date: [1858..1875]
Partner: George Ranch Historical Park