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Table of Contents
- Use this introduction as is, or develop your own using the parts that you choose. A short conclusion is also included for your use.
- List of booklets and forms referenced in this training package
- What programs does the Social Security Administration (SSA) administer?
- What is the Retirement, Survivors and Disability Insurance (RSDI) Program?
- What is the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program?
- What is the representative payment program?
- What is a representative payee?
- What is an organizational representative payee?
- What is an institutional representative payee?
- Who needs a representative payee?
- What about power of attorney?
- When does SSA look for an organization to be the representative payee?
- How does an organization apply to be representative payee?
- How does SSA select a representative payee?
- Does SSA notify the current payee when there is a request for a change of payee?
- What does an organizational representative payee need to do if it wishes to stop being a payee?
- What informational materials are available for an organizational payee?
- What duties must an organizational representative payee perform?
- What other ways can a representative payee help the beneficiary?
- Are there any new programs that organizational payees should be aware of?
- What does an organizational representative payee need to report to SSA?
- Reporting Requirements for SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS
- Reporting Requirements for SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME PAYMENTS
- If an organization is receiving SSI payments for a child, is there anything special required?
- Information regarding the death of a beneficiary
- What is the organizations' liability and responsibility for an overpayment?
- What should a representative payee consider when deciding how to spend a beneficiary's money?
- What about beneficiaries who live in nursing homes or other institutions?
- How should organizations handle outstanding debts?
- How should a representative payee spend large sums of money?
- Can a representative payee make large purchases?
- What does an organizational payee need to know about the $2,000 resource limit for SSI beneficiaries?
- What "out-of-pocket" expenses can an organization be reimbursed for?
- What fees are allowed if an organization is appointed legal guardian?
- What do you need to know about checking or savings accounts
- How should a checking or savings account be titled?
- What is a "collective account?"
- Are there special rules for collective accounts?
- How should the collective account be titled?
- What is a dedicated account?
- When can you use dedicated account money?
- When can't you use dedicated account money?
- What records should an organizational payee keep?
- Should an organization develop a representative payee accounting system?
- What is a SSA-6233 and SSA-6234?
- What is a "fee-for-service" organization?
- How does an organizational payee receive authorization to collect a fee?
- What are the current fee amounts?
- When can an organization begin collecting a fee?
- When can't a fee for payee services be collected?
- How does SSA monitor a fee-for-service payee?
In 1939, Congress passed legislation granting SSA authority to appoint representative payees for beneficiaries judged incapable of managing or directing someone else to manage their benefits. Now, more than 63 million beneficiaries are served by SSA, and about 8.8 million of these beneficiaries have representative payees. Years ago, these vulnerable beneficiaries were helped mainly by family members or close friends. Now, there is a need for more organizational payees to assist these beneficiaries.
SSA's preference for a payee is still a family member or close friend. When family and friends are unable to serve as a representative payee, SSA looks to qualified organizations to fill the void. In general, organizations make good payees because, either through their own experience or their networks, they are more aware of the services and resources available within their community.
In recent years, the Representative Payment Program has received attention from:
- the Federal Courts;
- Congress;
- the media; and
- advocacy groups
In 2013, SSA testified at Congressional hearings about our representative payment policies. We have received considerable interest due to public outcry regarding embezzlement of beneficiaries' funds by representative payees, some of them highly visible organizations.
In order to protect our beneficiaries we are strengthening our policies and procedures, and we are increasing training, education and awareness for payees and potential payees. We are making periodic visits to organizations to:
- review financial records,
- explain reporting requirements,
- answer questions, and
- obtain feedback from beneficiaries.
We have found that these face-to-face meetings provide an excellent opportunity to clarify procedures and improve lines of communication between SSA and organizations. We also are committed to providing organizational payees with training and informational materials to help you meet your responsibilities as representative payees.
We designed this training to give you an overview of the duties and responsibilities of a representative payee. If you have been providing payee services for a while, this workshop/conference will be "refresher training." If you are new to the world of representative payee services, then this workshop/conference will introduce you to payee services and give you a lot of information that will help you do your job. By working together to serve "our" clients, we can make a difference in their lives.
Three publications that prove to be very helpful for organizational representative payees are:
A Guide for Representative Payees
We send this booklet to every payee at the time of appointment along with the award letter.
What You Should Know When A Representative Payee Manages Your Money
We send this pamphlet to every legally competent adult beneficiary with a payee at the time of the payee's selection.
Guide for Organizational Representative Payees
We distribute this booklet to organizational payees currently on our records and give it to new payees at application time. This booklet includes material that will supplement information covered today. The materials and the information that you take back from this workshop/conference will help you with your payee services. And, of course, if you have any questions or need copies of any of these publications, feel free to give us a call at (local office number) or the toll-free number, 1-800-772-1213. We will be happy to assist you.
Following is a list of booklets and forms referenced in this training package. Use these during the lesson as appropriate. Individual instructors should tailor the lessons and reference materials to fit their needs.
These publications and forms are available on our website at www.socialsecurity.gov/pubs/ except for the Guide for Organizational Representative Payees, which is available on www.socialsecurity.gov/payee/. These publications and forms can be downloaded, or you may request printed versions from your local Social Security office or from the website.
Social Security Program
Understanding the Benefits—Publication No. 05-10024
Retirement Benefits—Publication No. 05-10035
Disability Benefits—Publication No. 05-10029
Survivors Benefits—Publication No. 05-10084
Working While Disabled…How We Can Help—Publication No. 05-10095
Supplemental Security Income Program
A Guide to SSI for Groups and Organizations— Publication No. 05-11015
What You Need To Know When You Get SSI—Publication No. 05-11011
Understanding Supplemental Security Income—Publication No. 17-008
Representative Payment Program
A Guide for Representative Payees—Publication No. 05-10076
What You Should Know When A Representative Payee Manages Your Money—Publication No. 05-10097
Guide for Organizational Payees
SSA-11 BK— Request to be Selected as Representative Payee
SSA-6233 BK— Representative Payee Report of Benefits and Dedicated Accounts
SSA-6234 F6— Representative Payee Report
SSA administers two major benefit programs. The largest is the Retirement, Survivors and Disability Insurance (RSDI) program, commonly referred to as the Social Security program. This program provides income for qualified workers who retire or become disabled and to their dependents or survivors. This is an earned benefit.
The second is the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program, which provides income for aged, blind and disabled persons and is a needs based program.
The RSDI program (Social Security) is a social insurance program that protects workers and their families from loss of earnings because of retirement, death or disability.
We pay Social Security benefits under Title II of the Social Security Act. These payments are financed through payroll taxes from employees, employers, and the self-employed. This tax is referred to as FICA.
As you work and pay Social Security taxes, you earn "credits" that count toward eligibility for future Social Security benefits. To be eligible to receive these benefits on your own work record, you must be age 62 or older, or disabled; and be "insured" by having earned the required credits.
Social Security pays monthly retirement, survivors, and disability benefits to workers and their families.
- Retirement benefits
Retirement benefits are payable at full retirement age (65 for workers born before 1938) and a reduced benefit is available as early as age 62.
Full retirement age is 65 for workers born before 1938 and gradually increases until it reaches 67 for workers born in 1960 or later.
- Survivors benefits
If the worker dies, certain family members may be eligible for benefits if the worker earned enough Social Security credits.
- Disability benefits
Disability benefits are payable at any age to workers (and their qualified dependents) who have enough Social Security credits and who suffer a physical or mental condition that prevents them from performing any significant kind of work that is expected to last at least 12 continuous months or result in death. We periodically review disability cases to be sure the beneficiary continues to be disabled. These reviews are called "continuing disability reviews" (CDRs). We may ask for new medical evidence and also ask the beneficiary to undergo special examinations or tests.
Events that may affect the entitlement of the worker to Social Security benefits:
- Medical condition improves
- Employment changes such as starting or stopping work
- Custody change if a person in your care dies, leaves your care or custody
- Marital status changes—marriage, divorce, annulment of marriage
- School attendance changes if the beneficiary is age 18 or over
Failure to report these changes promptly to the Social Security Administration and to return any benefit check that the beneficiary may no longer be entitled to may result in an overpayment that must be repaid. You can make your reports by telephone, mail or in person, whichever you prefer. You can reach SSA at 1-800-772-1213 or call your local Social Security Office. SSA will advise you if additional evidence is needed and how the benefits may be affected. Unit 6 of this lesson plan includes a comprehensive list of reporting requirements for Social Security benefits.
Medicare, which is administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is the federal health insurance program for people age 65 or older or if under age 65 after 24 continuous months of disability benefits.
Medicare has three parts:
- Hospital insurance (sometimes called Part "A") helps pay for inpatient hospital care and certain follow-up services. Part A is financed by a part of the Social Security tax and has no premium.
- Medical insurance (sometimes called Part "B") helps pay for doctors' services, outpatient hospital care and other medical services. Part B is financed from monthly premiums paid for by those covered.
- Prescription drug benefit (sometimes called Part "D") provides a prescription drug benefit that begins in 2006.
For more information about Medicare coverage, call the toll free Medicare Hotline at 1-800-MEDICARE (1-800-633-4277) to speak to a Medicare Customer Representative. You can also reach CMS on the internet. Type http://www.cms.hhs.gov or http://www.medicare.gov to access Medicare information.
Medicaid is a joint federal-state health insurance program, administered by the state. States have some discretion in determining which groups of people Medicaid will cover and the financial criteria for Medicaid eligibility. States usually provide Medicaid for individuals who receive federally funded cash assistance payments such as SSI. In many states, an SSI application also serves as a Medicaid application. For more information about Medicaid, contact the beneficiary's medical assistance (Medicaid) agency, social service or welfare office.
SSI is a federal income maintenance program designed to provide cash assistance for aged, blind or disabled persons with little or no income or resources.
SSI payments are paid under Title XVI of the Social Security Act and are financed from the federal general revenues and not from Social Security taxes.
Who can get SSI?
To get SSI, an individual must be a resident of the United States, including the District of Columbia and the Northern Mariana Islands and be
- Age 65 or older; or
- Blind; or
- Disabled and
- Have limited income and resources.
You must also be a U.S. citizen or lawfully admitted qualified alien. (Some noncitizens can qualify for SSI. Ask for the fact sheet, "SSI for Noncitizens", Publication No. 05-11051, for information about who can qualify.)
SSI isn't just for adults. Children as well as adults can get SSI benefits because of blindness or disability. Whether an individual can get SSI also depends on their income and resources. The income and resources of children may involve counting some of their parents' income and resources as well. The term "income" means anything received that can be used to meet the needs for food, clothing or housing. It includes cash, checks, items received "in kind," such as food and housing, and many items that would not be considered income for federal or other tax purposes. Pages 12-20 of the booklet "Social Security—A Guide to SSI for Groups and Organizations", explains the income and resource requirements in detail. Also, "Understanding Supplemental Security Income" is a valuable booklet, which informs you about SSI eligibility requirements and processes.
How much an individual can get from SSI depends on other income and where the beneficiary lives. The full basic monthly SSI check is the same in all states. Some states supplement the basic rate, so the beneficiary may get more if they live in one of these states. Pages 10-12 of "Social Security—A Guide to SSI for Groups and Organizations" explain how SSI payments are figured and detail the state services available for SSI recipients. Individuals receiving SSI payments receive their payments on the first day of the month.
The law requires that we regularly review each case to ensure continued eligibility for an SSI payment and the payment is correct. This review is called a redetermination.
For a redetermination, we will ask the recipient or representative payee to provide information about:
- income
- bank accounts
- resources
- living arrangements
In some cases, the redetermination will be conducted by mail or telephone. In other cases, we will ask the recipient or representative payee to visit the Social Security office for an interview. Local Social Security offices notify recipients or representative payees by mail when it is time for the redetermination.
Also, we periodically review disability cases to be sure that the recipient continues to be disabled. We may ask for new medical evidence and ask the recipient to undergo special examinations or tests. The frequency of these "continuing disability reviews" (also known as CDR's) depends primarily on the severity of the impairment and the expectation of improvement.
Events that may affect entitlement to SSI:
- Medical condition improves
- Work changes, such as starting or stopping work
- Marital status changes—marriage, divorce, annulment of marriage
- Changes in household (someone moves in\out of the place where the recipient lives) or recipient moves
- Changes in income or resources
- Incarceration
Failure to report these changes promptly to SSA and to promptly return any benefit check that the recipient may no longer be entitled to may result in an overpayment that must be repaid. You can make your reports by telephone, mail or in person, whichever you prefer. SSA will advise you whether any additional evidence is needed and how the benefits may be affected.
|UNIT 5 includes a list of reporting requirements for SSI Benefits.
The representative payment program assists the most vulnerable members of society—the young, the elderly, and the disabled who are not capable of managing or directing someone else to manage their benefits. While most people receive their benefits directly, others need assistance. We pay these people through representative payees who receive and manage monthly payments on behalf of the beneficiary. SSA finds a payee who will act in the best interests of the beneficiary. SSA recognizes that representative payment works best when there is collaboration between SSA, the payee and the beneficiary. By providing representative payees with a clear understanding of their role, and providing support to execute their duties, we can ensure that benefits are used in the best interest of our beneficiaries.
A representative payee is a person, agency, organization or institution selected to receive and manage benefits on behalf of an incapable or legally incompetent beneficiary. This includes a parent who is receiving benefits on behalf of his/her minor child.
An organizational representative payee is a business, company or the like, and includes a social service agency, state or local government agency, or a financial organization that manages benefits on behalf of an incapable beneficiary.
An institutional representative payee is a specific type of organizational payee who provides care and treatment for the beneficiaries who reside in the institution or in off-site facilities affiliated with the institution (i.e.; nursing homes, hospitals, group homes or a halfway house).
Beneficiaries who are unable to manage or direct the management of their money need a payee. These beneficiaries fall into three basic categories:
- Children—almost all children under age 18 have payees
- Beneficiaries determined by a court of law to be legally incompetent
- Beneficiaries determined by SSA to be incapable of handling their money.
Representative payment is not a convenience. SSA selects a payee when someone is not able to manage or direct the management of their finances because of their age, or a mental or physical impairment. SSA will never appoint a representative payee solely for a beneficiary's convenience or their personal preference.
If a beneficiary is receiving their Social Security or SSI payments directly and you believe they have lost the ability to manage their money, you should report this to SSA. SSA will determine if the beneficiary is incapable and appoint a payee as appropriate.
Likewise, if you are a payee for someone who is showing signs of improvement, and you think they may be able to manage their own money, report this to SSA. We will schedule an interview with the beneficiary to determine whether he/she is now capable of handling his or her own payments.
For Social Security purposes having power-of-attorney or a joint bank account with the beneficiary IS NOT the same thing as being a representative payee. Although power-of-attorney may be a convenient way to pay bills and handle some legal matters, it does not include provisions for the responsibility and accountability that Social Security requires of its representative payees. Therefore, even if you have power-of-attorney, you must apply with the Social Security Administration to be a representative payee to receive and manage the beneficiary's Social Security/SSI payments.
Likewise, being a Social Security representative payee does not entitle an individual to manage any funds that are not Social Security/SSI payments.
SSA looks first to relatives or close friends when looking for a representative payee. If they are not available, we look to other community sources and organizations. SSA offices maintain lists of community representative payee sources for use in cases where family members or friends are not readily available.
Disabled adults who are determined by SSA to be incapable, and who SSA has determined to have a drug addiction and/or alcoholism condition must have a payee. Appointment of organizational representative payees for these beneficiaries is preferred; although, in certain cases SSA may select a family member. These organizations and agencies are aware of the special needs of these individuals and how financial resources can help meet those needs.
To apply to be a representative payee for someone you should contact the nearest SSA office to complete an application (SSA-11-BK—"Request to be Selected as Payee"). SSA requires you to complete the application in a face-to-face interview so that we can determine your suitability to serve as a representative payee. We require documented proof of identity (something to show that you are employed by the organization you are representing) and the organization's employer identification number (EIN). We ask for the current mailing and location address of the organization, and bank account information for direct deposit.
|See UNIT 14 — DIRECT DEPOSIT.
We ask you to provide adequate information describing your responsibility for the care of the beneficiary. We ask you to provide names of any family members who show interest in the beneficiary. We also check our records to determine if you have previously been a representative payee and if there were any problems with your prior performance as payee.
Subsequent face-to-face interviews may not be required at application time once your organization is known by the local Social Security office as a suitable payee. We make this decision based upon your organization's past performance, recent contacts with the office, and your knowledge of reporting requirements. When staffing changes occur in an organization, it is likely that additional guidance will be required from our local office. You may ask, or the local office may ask you to come into the office and discuss your organization's reporting responsibilities and to obtain any other information or training needed to perform your duties as a representative payee.
|Distribution of the "Guide for Organizational Payees"should be made to the audience at this time.
SSA gives special attention to those vulnerable beneficiaries who have no relatives or close friends to assist them in the day-to-day management of their lives. We must be particularly careful in determining and selecting a payee for these beneficiaries.
We investigate an organizational representative payee applicant during the interview process to determine suitability to serve as representative payee. During the face-to-face interview we:
- Determine the organization's relationship to the beneficiary,
- Discuss the organization's qualifications,
- Discuss the organization's ability to carry out the responsibilities of a representative payee,
- Explain the representative payee duties,
- Explain representative payee reporting responsibilities (a list of these responsibilities is attached to the SSA-11 application), and
- Explain the liability for not reporting changes to SSA.
If you file to be payee for someone who already has a payee, we will generally contact the current payee for his/her views. We will investigate thoroughly any allegations or questions raised about the current payee's continued suitability to serve before determining if we need to change the payee. SSA will send a notice advising that payee if and when the change is processed.
You must notify Social Security immediately if you no longer wish to be the representative payee for a beneficiary. This is important because we need to begin the process of locating a new payee.
When you are no longer responsible for the beneficiary, you must return any conserved benefits, including interest and cash on hand belonging to that beneficiary, to SSA. The funds will be reissued to the beneficiary or to a new payee.
A "Guide for Organizational Payees"is available online. It provides guidelines and suggestions to assist you in understanding the representative payment program.
An instructional guide titled "A Guide for Representative Payees," SSA Pub. No. 05-10076, is mailed to the selected payee once SSA makes the decision as to who will best serve the interests of the beneficiary. Additional copies of this guide are also available in your local SSA office.
"What You Should Know When a Representative Payee Manages Your Money," SSA Pub. No. 05-10097, was first published in December of 1999. It is the first booklet written exclusively for adult beneficiaries with representative payees. The beneficiary receives a copy of this booklet with the advance notice advising them that they need a payee and whom we have selected to be their payee. Many organizations have found this booklet useful when having discussions with their clients.
SSA also has a representative payee website, www.socialsecurity.gov/payee that contains informational materials and frequently asked questions.
The most important duty of all payees is to know the needs of each beneficiary and to use the benefits in the best interest of the beneficiary. As an organizational representative payee, you must use all payments received from SSA for the individual's current needs or (if not currently needed) save them for his/her future needs. Periodically, SSA will ask you to complete a form to report on the use of benefits.
|See Unit 11 — KEEPING RECORDS AND ACCOUNTING FOR BENEFITS.
An organizational representative payee must agree to:
- Use the payments for the beneficiary's current needs and save the remainder for the beneficiary's future use.
- File an accounting report on how you used the payments and make all supporting records available for review if requested by SSA.
- Reimburse the amount of any loss suffered by any beneficiary due to misuse of Social Security and/or SSI funds by your organization.
- Notify SSA when the beneficiary dies, leaves your organization's custody or otherwise changes his/her living arrangements, or he/she is no longer your organization's responsibility.
- Comply with the conditions for reporting certain events (see section on reporting responsibilities given to you at application time) and for returning checks the claimant is not due.
- File an annual report of earnings if required.
- Notify SSA as soon as you can no longer serve as representative payee or the beneficiary no longer needs a payee.
- Return conserved funds if you stop being payee.
You may be held personally liable for repayment of any funds not used for the beneficiary's needs (misuse of funds) or if you are at fault for any overpayment of benefits. A payee found guilty of misuse of Social Security and/or SSI benefits may be punished under Federal law by fines, imprisonment or both.
Reminder: Being appointed a Social Security representative payee does not authorize you to enter into binding contracts for a beneficiary, unless the payee is the beneficiary's parent or legal guardian, or the beneficiary has granted the payee a "power-of-attorney."
A representative payee acts on behalf of the beneficiary and is responsible for things related to benefits and payments that the beneficiary would ordinarily do for him or herself. Although not required, we encourage you to go beyond managing finances and to be actively involved in the beneficiary's life.
- Meet regularly with the beneficiary (preferably face-to-face);
- Establish a budget, discuss it with the beneficiary, and involve him/her as much as possible in financial decisions;
- Explain Social Security and/or SSI payments and the beneficiary's expenses to him or her;
- Ensure that the beneficiary is aware of current and large retroactive payments and what the beneficiary's options are in regard to entitlement and overpayments for SSI and/or Medicaid;
- Help the beneficiary find other services he or she needs (e.g., food stamps, housing subsidies, etc.);
- Help the beneficiary fill out applications for other needed services and cooperate with caseworkers;
- Help the beneficiary get medical treatment, when necessary;
- Negotiate with landlords and others to get "the best possible deal" for the beneficiary;
- Help the beneficiary file income tax returns. Note that the beneficiary may owe taxes on Social Security payments or may be due a refund. Also, the beneficiary may be entitled to an earned income tax credit (EITC) that can be paid throughout the year or included in the federal income tax calculation; and
- Recommend an alternate person or agency if you can no longer serve as a representative
payee for the beneficiary(ies).
Yes, there is the Ticket to Work Provision for people with disabilities. One of SSA's highest priorities is to help people with disabilities achieve independence by helping them to take advantage of employment opportunities. For this reason, SSA has in place special initiatives to assist people with disabilities in this process.
Some of these initiatives are as follows:
- An increase in the choices that beneficiaries have in obtaining rehabilitational and vocational services, and
- Removing the barriers that require people with disabilities to choose between health care coverage and work.
Representative payees for people with disabilities need a working knowledge of the technical provisions involved so that you can advise your clients appropriately and recognize when to seek case-specific guidance from SSA.
For additional information on the Ticket to Work Provision, please refer to the following:
- "Red Book"
- "Your Ticket to Work"—Publication No. 05-10061
We also post up-to-date information about the latest developments on our Ticket to Work website at www.socialsecurity.gov/work. And, of course, you can contact your local Social Security office for information.
You must report to SSA any changes in your (the payee's) circumstances that would affect your performance as payee. Also, be sure to notify SSA if your organization's address changes.
|Reporting requirements are shown on the next couple of pages.
You must make timely reports to your local Social Security office by telephone, mail or in person regarding events that may affect a beneficiary's benefits. A beneficiary's benefits may stop if any of the events listed under "Reporting Requirements" for Social Security or SSI occur. When you make a report, we will tell you the effect of the event and whether the Social Security or SSI benefits need to be returned.
Your reporting responsibilities differ depending upon whether the beneficiary is receiving Social Security benefits or SSI payments. Some beneficiaries receive payments from both programs and for these beneficiaries you will receive both sets of reporting responsibilities at the time of application.
|You may wish to incorporate a fun segment here. You may get the message across better if you use some kind of trivia game centered around events to report. This can be done now or at the end of this unit.
|The reporting responsibilities are at the end of the SSA-11 application—pages 5, 7, 9, and 11 (the responsibilities vary depending on the entitlement.) Explain that a discussion of these responsibilities should be held during the face-to-face interviews with the organization.
|The reporting responsibilities are printed on the following pages.
(These reporting responsibilities are on page 5 of the SSA-11 and the payee applicant receives a copy when they apply to be payee.)
Representative payees who receive Social Security benefits must notify SSA promptly if any of the following events occur and promptly return any payment to which the claimant is not entitled:
- the beneficiary dies (Social Security entitlement ends the month before the month the beneficiary dies);
- the beneficiary marries (when the beneficiary is entitled to child's, widow's, mother's, father's, widower's, or parent's benefits, or to wife's or husband's benefits as a divorced wife/husband, or to special age 72 payments);
- the beneficiary's marriage ends in divorce or annulment, if the beneficiary is entitled to wife's, husband's or special age 72 payments;
- the beneficiary's school attendance changes if the beneficiary is age 18 or over and entitled to child's benefits as a full time student;
- the beneficiary is entitled as a stepchild and the parents divorce (benefits terminate the month after the month the divorce becomes final);
- the beneficiary is under full retirement age (FRA) and works for more than the annual limit (as determined each year) or for more than the allowable time (for work outside the United States);
- the beneficiary receives a government pension or annuity or the amount of the annuity changes, if the beneficiary is entitled to husband's, widower's, or divorced spouse's benefits;
- the beneficiary leaves your custody or care or otherwise changes address;
- the beneficiary no longer has a child in care, if he/she is entitled to benefits because of caring for a child under age 16 or who is disabled;
- the claimant is confined to jail, prison, penal institution or correctional facility;
- the claimant is confined to a public institution by court order in connection WITH A CRIME;
- the claimant has an UNSATISFIED FELONY WARRANT (or in jurisdictions that do not define crimes as felonies, a crime punishable by death or imprisonment exceeding 1 year) issued for his/her arrest;
- the claimant is VIOLATING a condition of probation or parole under State or Federal law.
If the beneficiary is receiving disability benefits, you must also report if:
- the beneficiary's medical condition improves;
- the beneficiary starts working;
- the beneficiary applies for or receives worker's compensation benefits, Black Lung Benefits from the Department of Labor, or a public disability benefit;
- the beneficiary is discharged from the hospital (if now hospitalized).
If the beneficiary is receiving special age 72 payments, you must also report if:
- the beneficiary or spouse becomes eligible for periodic governmental payments, whether from the U.S. Federal government or from any State or local government;
- the beneficiary or spouse receives Supplemental Security Income or public assistance cash benefits;
- the beneficiary or spouse moves outside the United States (the 50 States, the District of Columbia and the Northern Mariana Islands).
(These reporting responsibilities are on page 7 of the SSA-11 and the payee applicant receives a copy when they apply to be payee.)
Representative payees who receive SSI payments must notify the SSA promptly if any of the following events occur and promptly return any payment to which the beneficiary is not entitled:
- the beneficiary or any member of the beneficiary's household dies (SSI eligibility ends with the month in which the beneficiary dies);
- the beneficiary's household changes (someone moves in/out of the place where the beneficiary lives);
- the beneficiary leaves the United States (the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Northern Mariana Islands) for 30 consecutive days or more;
- the beneficiary moves or otherwise changes the place where he/she actually lives (including adoption, and whereabouts unknown);
- the beneficiary is admitted to a hospital, skilled nursing facility, nursing home, intermediate care facility, or other institution;
- the income of the beneficiary or anyone in the beneficiary's household changes (this includes income paid by an organization or employer as well as monetary benefits from other sources);
- the resources of the beneficiary or anyone in the beneficiary's household changes (this includes when conserved funds reach over $2,000);
- the beneficiary or anyone in the beneficiary's household marries;
- the marriage of the beneficiary or anyone in the beneficiary's household ends in divorce or annulment;
- the beneficiary separates from his/her spouse;
- the claimant is confined to jail, prison, penal institution or correctional facility;
- the claimant is confined to a public institution by court order in connection WITH A CRIME;
- the claimant has an UNSATISFIED FELONY WARRANT (or in jurisdictions that do not define crimes as felonies, a crime punishable by death or imprisonment exceeding 1 year) issued for his/her arrest;
- the claimant is VIOLATING a condition of probation or parole under State or Federal law.
If the beneficiary is receiving payments due to disability or blindness, you must also report if:
- the beneficiary's medical condition improves;
- the beneficiary goes to work;
- the beneficiary's vision improves, if the beneficiary is entitled due to blindness.
If you are a payee for a child receiving SSI payments, you may be required to obtain treatment for the child's disabling condition when medically necessary. If you are not sure whether treatment is required for the beneficiary, you should contact the child's physician and/or your Social Security office. Failure to obtain medical treatment for the child may require Social Security to remove you as payee.
If the beneficiary dies, saved benefits belong to his or her estate. Give the saved benefits to the legal representative of the estate or otherwise handle according to state law. If you need information about state law, contact the probate court or an attorney. Do not return any saved benefits that the beneficiary was due to Social Security.
When a person who receives Social Security dies, no check is payable for the month of death, even if he or she dies on the last day of the month. Return any check received for the month of death or later.
An SSI check, however, is payable for the month of death. But you must return any SSI checks that come after the month of death.
An overpayment is any amount of money received for any period that exceeds the total amount of money that should have been paid. The overpaid amount is a debt owed to the United States Government.
When a beneficiary is overpaid, the current representative payee should file for waiver on behalf of the beneficiary. The waiver request will determine the beneficiary's liability for repayment of the total overpayment amount.
If the beneficiary is overpaid through no fault of your organization and the incorrect payments were used to meet the beneficiary's needs, then you, the payee, will not be liable.
If SSA determines that a former representative payee is liable for repayment of the overpayment (or a portion thereof), recovery is initiated against the former representative payee and not the current representative payee.
In some cases, the beneficiary's benefit payments are suspended or terminated. The beneficiary may request continuation of payment while appealing the cessation of payment. Any resulting overpayment due to losing the appeal may not have to be repaid to SSA.
As a representative payee, you have the responsibility to use the benefits received only for the use and benefit of the beneficiary.
Your first consideration is to make sure that the benefits are used for the beneficiary's current maintenance. Current maintenance includes food, housing, clothing, medical care, and personal comfort items.
If funds remain after meeting the beneficiary's current maintenance needs, give consideration to the beneficiary's reasonably foreseeable needs.
Once the beneficiary's current and foreseeable needs are met, consider:
- Whether the beneficiary has any dependents. In title II cases, you may use part of the benefits for the support of the beneficiary's legally dependent spouse, child and/or parent.
- Whether a child beneficiary resides in a household with others. You should provide a reasonable share of the child's benefits for basic household expense items such as food and housing.
If it is not needed for these purposes, save it. We recommend U.S. Savings Bonds or in an interest-paying bank account that is insured under either federal or state law.
Remember: If an SSI beneficiary has savings of $2,000 or more they could lose entitlement to SSI benefits. A representative payee should be alert to conserved funds balances getting close to that limit.
Do not sacrifice current maintenance needs to pay other expenses, to conserve or invest, or to accumulate money for a future purpose.
If a beneficiary resides in a nursing home or other institution because of mental or physical incapacity, current maintenance includes the customary charges made by the institution as well as expenditures for those items which will aid in the beneficiary's recovery or release from the institution or expenses for personal needs which will improve the beneficiary's conditions while in the institution.
You should designate a reasonable share of benefits for the institution's customary charges and take the beneficiary's other current needs into account. As a payee, you should not pay an amount for current maintenance in excess of the legal maximum charge established by the State. Any benefits remaining should be conserved or invested except as they may be otherwise properly used.
For these institutionalized beneficiaries, you should also set aside a minimum of $30 per person each month and use it for the beneficiary's personal needs. Almost all beneficiaries need some personal items regardless of their physical or mental conditions.
If an SSI beneficiary is residing throughout a month in an institution that receives more than half the cost of care on behalf of the beneficiary from Medicaid, or private health insurance is paying for a child's care, any SSI payments due shall be used only for the beneficiary's personal needs. The SSI payment in these situations is usually $30 per month plus any additional money paid by the State. Use the entire payment for the beneficiary's personal needs or save it on his or her behalf. Do not use it for current maintenance charges.
For Social Security benefits (retirement, survivors or disability) but not SSI, if the current maintenance needs of an institutionalized beneficiary are met (e.g., the beneficiary is in a hospital), part of the funds can be used for the support of the beneficiary's legally dependent spouse, child, and/or parent.
Please contact your local Social Security office for further information.
If the beneficiary's current and reasonably foreseeable needs are met, you may use the beneficiary's funds to satisfy past debt. Past debt is the debt the beneficiary incurred before the date the first benefit payment is made to the current payee. Real estate interest and insurance policy payments are not considered past debt.
If failure to pay past debts could result in negative consequences like homelessness, you should attempt to settle the debts. You do not need SSA's approval to satisfy a past debt if you determine it is in the beneficiary's best interest to do so.
However, if you are a creditor payee (i.e., the beneficiary owes money to your organization for a debt that occurred before the beneficiary's entitlement), then you must first obtain SSA's approval before using the beneficiary's funds to pay the debt.
Social Security and SSI payments are exempt from seizure by creditors. You are not required to pay the beneficiary's past debt unless it involves:
- Refund of a title II or title XVI overpayment;
- An IRS levy for income tax purposes; or
- Garnishment authorized under Section 459 of the Social Security Act (child support and alimony obligations).
Sometimes, the representative payee for a Social Security or SSI beneficiary receives a large payment covering several months, or even years, of benefits. When this happens, it is particularly important for the representative payee to make plans to spend the money wisely. Many payees are unsure about how to use a large sum of money. Keep in mind, your obligation is that you use the money in the best interests of the beneficiary.
Your first priority is to make sure you meet the beneficiary's current needs. This includes food, housing, medical care and other items for the individual's personal comfort.
If there's money left over after you have provided for these basic needs, you can spend the money on things that improve the beneficiary's daily living conditions or provide better medical care. You can also arrange training for the beneficiary to help him or her have a more rewarding future and become more self-sufficient.
You may decide to use the beneficiary's funds for major health-related expenses, such as reconstructive dental care, a motorized wheelchair, rehabilitation expenses or insurance premiums. You can use funds to pay for special training programs, school tuition or daily school expenses. You also can spend some of the money on recreation such as movies, concerts, magazine subscriptions or a special trip for the beneficiary.
Effective March 2, 2004, for SSI beneficiaries, any past due benefits you get from SSI or Social Security won't be counted as resources for nine months after the month in which you get them. If there are any past due benefits left over after the nine-month period, they will count toward the SSI resource limit ($2,000 for individuals, $3,000 for couples).
Yes, you may make some of the following special purchases for the comfort of the beneficiary. Again, we expect that you make a purchase like this only when it is in the best interest of the beneficiary.
- A home — You can use funds belonging to the beneficiary as the down payment and a reasonable share of the monthly payments on a house owned wholly, or in part, by the beneficiary. (Payee's name cannot be on the deed.)
- Home improvements — You may want to arrange renovations to make the beneficiary's home safer and more accessible; for example, install a wheelchair ramp, widen doorways to accommodate a wheelchair, install a chair lift or make household repairs.
- Furniture — You may buy furniture for the beneficiary's personal use as well as items that other members of the household can share, such as a television.
- A car — The beneficiary's funds can be used for the down payment and reasonable monthly payments on a car used for and owned by the beneficiary.
If you are uncertain about whether an expenditure is proper, contact your Social Security office before you fulfill such obligations.
What does an organizational payee need to know about the $2,000 resource limit for SSI beneficiaries?
If you are payee for an individual who gets SSI, you should be aware that savings and other resources are limited to $2,000 under the SSI program ($3,000 for a couple). To continue receiving SSI, a beneficiary must not have countable resources worth more than $2,000. For SSI purposes, a resource is money as well as things that the beneficiary owns and can turn into cash. Examples of resources are property, stocks, bonds, and bank accounts.
There are things that the beneficiary owns that may not count as resources for SSI and sometimes the beneficiary might be able to get monthly SSI payments even if he/she owns things valued over the resource limit. You should check with your Social Security office before making a major purchase for an SSI beneficiary.
Interest earned on saving accounts count toward the $2,000 limit after the month of receipt. When determining a child's resources, money in the child's "dedicated" savings account does not count toward the resource limit.
|See UNIT 10 — DEDICATED ACCOUNTS.
As an organizational payee, you should know when a beneficiary's resources (conserved funds) approach the $2,000 limit. You should attempt to find out if they have extra needs; for example, it's not yet winter but the beneficiary will need a winter coat this year. You should make the purchase now when the resources are available. If excess resources do accumulate, the beneficiary will no longer be eligible for SSI payments. You must notify SSA immediately if resources reach $2,000. Some organizations flag the accounts of SSI beneficiaries when conserved funds reach $1,500. This serves as an alert to assess the personal needs of the beneficiary and maintain countable resources below the $2,000 limit by meeting these needs.
For more information, contact Social Security for a copy of the booklet, "What You Should Know When You Get SSI" (Publication No. 05-11011).
You can be reimbursed from the beneficiary's funds for expenses incurred in providing services for your beneficiary such as postage, long distance phone calls, cost of money orders, transportation costs (e.g., cab fare or mileage), etc. Keep records/receipts of your expenses.
However, if you are collecting a fee for representative payee services, you are not authorized to be reimbursed for any expenses that are considered "overhead" (e.g., postage, photocopying, etc.). These expenses are included as part of the fees for representative payee services.
If you are a court appointed legal guardian for a beneficiary, a reasonable part of the beneficiary's funds may be used for customary guardianship fees, provided the guardianship appears to be in the beneficiary's best interest. These fees must be authorized and monitored by the court.
Paying legal guardianship fees would not constitute proper use of benefits in the following situations:
- Guardianship costs and fees are included as part of a state's support obligation to the beneficiary, or you have been authorized by SSA to receive a fee for services from the beneficiary;
- Costs or fees related to an unsuccessful petition for guardianship; or
- The beneficiary's funds will be depleted by the guardianship costs to the point where there are unmet personal needs.
SSA may receive complaints from the beneficiary, an authorized representative, vendor or a third party. SSA will investigate allegations and discuss them with the complainant, beneficiary, and payee. Sometimes a call to the organizational payee for an explanation is appropriate, other times a site visit may be necessary. SSA must take the appropriate action to protect the interests of the beneficiary.
Improper use of benefits is an unwise expenditure of benefits in a manner that is not in the beneficiary's best interest. With improper use, the beneficiary still receives a benefit from the expenditure, so it is not considered misuse. For example, the payee takes the beneficiary to the circus instead of buying him needed clothes.
Misuse of benefits occurs when the money is not spent on the beneficiary or saved for future needs—this is very serious and the money must be repaid. SSA decides if misuse has occurred and prepares a misuse determination after evaluating all statements and evidence in conjunction with the established facts of the case.
If misuse is found, SSA may:
- Appoint a new payee or make direct payment to the beneficiary.
- Obtain restitution from the payee who misused the benefit.
- Refer the case to the OIG for possible criminal prosecution.
SSA will then initiate action to recover the misused funds.
If your organization misuses the beneficiary's funds, then your organization has a legal obligation to make restitution to the beneficiary.
Organizations may maintain separate bank accounts for each beneficiary or have a collective account for all beneficiaries. To protect the beneficiary's funds, checking and savings accounts must show the beneficiary as the owner and that the payee has only a fiduciary and not a personal interest in the funds. Neither the representative payee nor a third party can have ownership interest in the account. While the beneficiary retains ownership, the account title should not permit him or her to have direct access to the funds.
If you have money left after meeting day-to-day and personal needs, it must be saved or invested with minimum risk. The preferred ways of holding savings are in U.S. savings bonds or in an interest-paying bank account that is insured under either federal or state law. Interest paid on savings belongs to the beneficiary.
If possible, make every effort to set up an account that minimizes fees, yields interest, and assists you in keeping clear records. If you are serving as a representative payee for a large number of beneficiaries, you may want to set up a collective account, but this will necessitate an accounting system. You must be able to show each beneficiary's receipts, expenditures and balance of funds.
|See UNIT 9 — COLLECTIVE ACCOUNTS AND PROPER TITLING OF THESE ACCOUNTS.
Here are two recommended titles:
"(Beneficiary's name) by (your name), representative payee," or
"(Your name), representative payee for (beneficiary's name)."
Although these are the most common methods of identifying accounts, other account titles, that show beneficiary ownership, and you as fiduciary, are acceptable. If you are not sure, ask your bank.
When organizational payees place funds for more than one beneficiary in a single checking or savings account, we refer to it as a "collective account." Your local Social Security office should give you approval before your organization begins maintaining a collective account. Organizations find it efficient to use a collective account to hold beneficiaries' funds for the following reasons:
- Only one bank account to monitor and maintain;
- May earn higher interest rate (remember, interest earned on the beneficiaries' account belongs to the beneficiaries); and
- May avoid checking account service charges.
Yes, special rules apply to these accounts. We will accept them if they meet the following conditions:
- The account is separate from the organization's operating account. Do not commingle beneficiaries' funds with other monies. Log all checks received from SSA and deposit them as soon as possible.
- If you have been approved as a fee-for-service payee, deduct your fees and move them into your operating account.
- There are clear records showing the amount of each beneficiary's share in the account. Follow consistent procedures for documenting credits and debits of the individual beneficiaries.
- For each beneficiary who has $500 or more, the funds should be placed in an interest bearing account or invested relatively free of risk.
- When the money in the account earns interest, credit it to the individual beneficiaries based on their share of money in the account.
- Set aside a minimum of $30 per person each month for the beneficiary's personal needs.
- Funds belonging to the beneficiary can only be used for his or her needs. You cannot use one beneficiary's funds to cover another beneficiary's expenditures.
- Have account records and other supporting records available, if requested by SSA and/or the beneficiary.
A benefit of a collective account: The FDIC insured limit of $100K applies to each beneficiary in a properly titled collective account.
Some examples of collective account titles are:
"Sunnydale Nursing Home, representative payee for Social Security beneficiaries"
"Sunnydale Patients' Fund for Social Security beneficiaries"
Certain large past-due SSI payments to blind or disabled children covering more than six months of benefits must be paid directly into a separate account in a financial institution. This separate account is called a "dedicated account" because these funds can only be used for certain expenses, primarily those related to the child's disability.
Keep dedicated accounts separate from any other savings or checking account set up for the beneficiary. Except for certain subsequent past-due payments, no other funds can be commingled into the account. If funds are commingled, you may adversely affect the child's eligibility for SSI payments.
NOTE: Multiple dedicated accounts can be held in a collective account.
Money in the dedicated account is not countable as an SSI resource. Interest earned on the money in a dedicated account is not countable as an SSI resource.
The restrictions on the use of dedicated account funds will continue to apply until all funds are spent or the child's eligibility to SSI benefits terminates.
You can use money from the dedicated account for:
- Medical treatment and education or job skills training; or
- Items related to the child's impairment that benefit the child such as personal needs assistance, special equipment, housing modifications, or therapy/rehabilitation; or
- Other items or services related to the child's impairment like legal fees incurred by the child in establishing a claim for disabled child's benefits.
We encourage you to get approval from your local Social Security office if you are uncertain as to whether or not an expenditure is allowed for this category of expenses. Keep a record of all money taken from this account and receipts for all items or services bought. SSA will periodically ask you to complete a Form SSA-6233 (Representative Payee Report of Benefits and Dedicated Account) to report on the use of funds from the dedicated account.
Do not use dedicated account money for:
- Basic maintenance costs such as food, housing, clothing and personal items which are not related to the child's impairment;
- Repayment of an SSI overpayment; or
- Any other item not listed above which is not related to the child's impairment.
Any money knowingly used from the dedicated account for anything other than the expenses shown on the preceding page are considered to be misapplied and must be repaid to SSA from your own funds.
NOTE: In an emergency, dedicated account funds can be used for basic living expenses to prevent the child from becoming homeless or malnourished.
|Refer to copies of "A Guide for Organizational Representative Payees," SSA-6233 and SSA-6234.
Your records must show how much Social Security and/or SSI money you received, spent and saved for each individual beneficiary. Keep records that show savings and expenditures. For example, you should keep bank statements, invoices, receipts, leases, etc. that adequately document your use of the beneficiary's funds. These documents should be kept for a minimum of two years.
|A discussion on developing an accounting system is on the following page.
Your organization must establish some form of representative payee accounting system that will track:
- how much money was received;
- how much money was spent; and
- the balance saved for each beneficiary.
We do not tell you how to set up your system. You may wish to use a PC program that will:
- alert you when an SSI beneficiary's conserved benefits is approaching the $2,000 resource limit;
- prorate interest earned based on each beneficiary's portion of the balance; and
- provide understandable and up-to-date reports so SSA and the beneficiary know how the money was spent.
You should save your records for at least two years and make them available to SSA upon request.
The Social Security Act requires you to account for the funds you have received by completing one of these forms. Annual accountings are required from all representative payees (except State mental hospitals that participate in triennial onsite reviews).
NOTE: Payees of SSI beneficiaries with dedicated accounts complete the SSA-6233. All other payees complete the SSA-6234.
SSA sends the appropriate form to you to complete. We ask you:
- how much of the benefits received was spent,
- what the money was spent on,
- how much was saved and in what type of account.
As an alternative to completing the paper SSA-6234 Representative Payee Report, you may be eligible to use our online reporting facility. To see if you qualify for this method of reporting, you should carefully read the instructions that accompany the SSA-6234, Representative Payee Report you receive in the mail.
If you do not provide the requested information within a reasonable period of time, SSA may decide to find another payee. If we change payees and you have served for less than the 12 months, we will ask you to account for the money you received up to the time we change payees. We will also ask you to return any funds saved for the beneficiary to SSA and we will transfer them to the new payee.
|Hand out examples of these forms or put them into the binder that is given to each organization.
As part of our expanded monitoring program, SSA may visit your organization. If we choose your organization for a visit, we will schedule a meeting with the administrators to discuss your practices, review your financial records and speak with some of your beneficiaries. We follow the procedures listed below:
- Contact your organization to schedule a review,
- Send a confirmation letter to you,
- Meet with your staff,
- Review a sample of beneficiaries' financial records,
- Hold a close-out meeting with your staff to discuss our findings,
- Interview beneficiaries and custodians,
- Send a letter to your organization with our findings and recommendations, and
- Follow-up with your organization if necessary to ensure recommendations are implemented.
The purpose of our site review is to determine:
- If benefits are being used properly;
- If accurate records are being kept; and
- If your organization is reporting necessary changes to SSA.
We have found that our face-to-face meetings provide an excellent opportunity to clarify procedures and explain our reporting requirements. It also improves lines of communication between organizations and SSA and provides you the opportunity to discuss services or information you may need from us.
Listed below are some problems identified during our reviews.
- Payees did not monitor resource limits of SSI beneficiaries (in order to prevent exceeding the $2,000 limit);
- Failure to report changes to SSA that affect entitlement to benefits;
- Improper titling of bank accounts;
- Commingling of beneficiaries' funds; and
- Poor recordkeeping.
|Ask if SSA has visited any organizations in the audience and if so, if any would like to share their experiences/feelings about the visit.
Fee-for-service visits are discussed in Unit 13.
Certain qualified organizations may be authorized to collect a fee from a beneficiary's monthly Social Security or SSI payment. The fee is intended to cover expenses incurred in providing payee services to that beneficiary.
To qualify as a fee-for-service organization, you must be:
- A community based, nonprofit social service agency, which is bonded or licensed in the state in which it serves as payee; or
- A state or local government agency with responsibility for income maintenance, social service, health care, or fiduciary responsibilities; and
- Regularly serving as a representative payee for at least five beneficiaries, and not a creditor of the beneficiary.
You must contact your local Social Security office to request authorization and submit documentation for SSA to approve. The request must include all the information and documents listed below:
- The SSA-445, Application to Collect a Fee for Payee Services
- The organization's mission statement,
- The organization's service area (Zip codes, towns, or counties served),
- A list of the beneficiaries the organization already serves, including name, address and SSN,
- A statement as to whether or not the organization currently charges any of the beneficiaries for its services, or collects and fees/money from any other sources for providing payee services, and
- The name and signature of the organization's director or its designee who can legally act on behalf of the organization
If your organization is NOT a state or local government agency, you must also include the following documents with the request:
- Proof of tax-exempt status under section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code; and
- A copy of your organization's current bonding agreement with an insurance company or mortgage holder. (The bond or insurance contract should protect the organization and SSA from financial loss caused by the action or inaction of the organization, or corporate office/owner(s), or an employee. ); or
- If your organization is not bonded, you must submit a copy of the organization's current state license, certificate or notice that allows it to provide services within the State.
Effective December 2013, the authorized fee is the lesser of 10% of the monthly benefit amount or $40.
For individuals receiving disability payments who have been determined by SSA to have a drug addiction or alcoholism condition, the fee is the lesser of 10% of the monthly benefit amount or $77.
Fees may be increased when Social Security beneficiaries are given their cost
of living adjustment. We will notify authorized fee-for-service payees by mail
when these amounts are increased.
You can charge the beneficiary a fee for any month in which:
- You meet all qualification requirements AND have been authorized by SSA to collect a fee; and
- The beneficiary receives a Social Security and/or SSI payment; and
- The organization is performing payee services for the beneficiary.
Do not collect a fee if any of the following apply:
- No payment is received in the month,
- Your organization is receiving compensation for performing representative payee services from another source (i.e., guardianship fees);
- Payee services were not performed in the month; and
- Fees for prior months cannot be collected from current benefits.
NOTE: There is an exception—an organization may collect a fee from current benefits when a past due payment is made for a prior period of nonpayment or incorrect payment AND
- The organization was approved to collect a fee for the months for which the payment is made;
- The organization provided payee services in the months for which payment is made; and
- The organization is payee of record when the past due payment is received.
SSA monitors a fee-for-service payee through accounting reports and site visits. We will visit fee-for-service payees six months after we initially approve authorization to ensure that you fully understand your duties and responsibilities and are keeping accurate records and notifying SSA when events occur that may affect a beneficiary's payment.
There is also an annual certification. This is when a fee-for-service payee must show that they continue to meet the requirements for charging a fee. SSA will need a copy of the organization's current licensing and/or bonding agreement and we will verify that the organization continues to be payee for at least five beneficiaries.
In addition, SSA will review fee-for-services payees at least once every three years. The reviews will ensure representative payee compliance through a face-to-face meeting and examination of a sample of beneficiary records. We will verify expenses with providers of the services provided to the beneficiary (e.g., landlord, phone company, etc.). We will review the organization's record keeping and we will include interviews with beneficiaries.
We have found that our face-to-face meetings provide an excellent opportunity to clarify procedures and explain our reporting requirements. It also improves lines of communication between organizations and SSA and gives you an opportunity to discuss information you may need from us and to ask questions.
Below are some of the problems identified during our reviews.
- Payees did not monitor resource limits of SSI beneficiaries (in order to prevent exceeding the $2,000 limit);
- Failure to report changes to SSA that affect entitlement to benefits;
- Improper titling of bank accounts;
- Commingling of beneficiaries' funds;
- Poor record-keeping;
- Overcharging of fee amount;
- Expiration of bond and/or license; and
- Serving less than 5 beneficiaries.
|Ask if SSA has visited any fee-for-service organizations in the audience. If yes, ask if they would like to share their experience with the group.
Yes, you should ask Social Security to send the payments to a bank account by direct deposit. Direct deposit is safe, reliable, economical and convenient.
- It reduces the possibility of lost, stolen or forged checks.
- There are no mail delays.
- The payments are traceable through the banking system. In the rare event of a problem, it usually can be quickly resolved.
- There is a permanent record on the bank account statement of the payment amount received each month.
- You may be able to save monthly account fees if you bank with a financial institution that offers free services to direct deposit customers.
Contact your local Social Security office or financial institution to sign up for direct deposit.
Listed below are some "Best Practices" that organizations have shared with us. You may also find them useful.
- Establish a line of communication with your local Social Security office.
- Some organizations flag the financial accounts of SSI beneficiaries when
conserved funds reach $1,500. This serves as an alert to assess the personal
needs of the beneficiary and maintain countable resources below the $2,000 limit
by meeting these needs.
- Call the Social Security office and schedule an appointment to come into
the office and take care of all your business for your clients at one time.
- Discuss with your local Social Security office the types of forms you should
use to advise SSA of changes affecting beneficiaries. You may be able to "package" materials in such a way that when the local office receives them they can more quickly
take the necessary actions.
- Some Social Security offices are able to designate a contact person for specific
organizational payees. When you call the office, you can ask for this person
and they will advise you how to proceed.
- Some representative payees have negotiated arrangements with local merchants
to purchase goods such as food, clothing or household furnishings. The beneficiary
can select his or her items and buy them with a pre-approved credit voucher or
after the merchant verifies the purchase with the representative payee. Alcohol
is excluded from these arrangements.
- Representative payees have negotiated with financial institutions to provide
checking accounts with no or reduced service charges. An organization with a
substantial number of beneficiaries may be able to get a more favorable group
- Items such as TVs, radios and computers should be engraved with the beneficiary's name.
- Develop internal procedures and guidelines governing how your organization manages beneficiary funds and make sure that your employees follow them.
- Instead of disbursing spending money by check or cash, some payees use gift cards or debit cards from a retail store.
You can get recorded information 24 hours a day, including weekends and holidays, by calling Social Security's toll-free number, 1-800-772-1213. You can speak to a service representative between the hours of 7 a.m. and 7 p.m. on business days. Our lines are busiest early in the week and early in the month, so if your business can wait, it's best to call at other times.
You can also reach us on the Internet. Type www.socialsecurity.gov to access Social Security information. You can also type www.socialsecurity.gov/payee to access representative payment information.
We hope that this workshop/conference has been helpful. Your organization can make a difference in the lives of clients who need payee services. Social Security will make every effort to help you understand your responsibilities as a payee.
We can make a difference by working together to serve "our" clients.
If you have additional questions after reviewing our pamphlets and handouts, please give us a call. You can also obtain information from our representative payment website at www.socialsecurity.gov/payee.
For information about all the programs that SSA administers, please see our publications home page, Social Security Benefit Publications.


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Last night at le Cafe des Arts in Grenoble, where I am presently stationed, we hosted a 'Scientists and Citizens' discussion group. Subject: Is global biodiversity threatened, and should we be worried? I tend to think we humans are having a terrible effect on the planet and yes we should worry. More than that, I believe we should be doing all we can, not just Nationally but Personally to lessen our impact on the suffering Earth. For me, and I'm sure that everyone has a different way of lightening their own conscience, I think that trying to avoid homogenisation is a pretty good way to avoid destructive things. I can tell you all the other ways this manifests itself if you want to email me, but here I shall stick to that which relates to bread. (And yes, I know that I may sound like an over-conscientious loony, but it helps me to sleep at night and I get to eat really delicious bread.)
Sourdough is anti-homogeneity, anti-boredom and anti-robotisation. It is pro-diversity, pro-variety and discovery, exploration, curiosity and individuality, pro-local and pro-intelligence. It is anti-packaging, anti food-waste and anti-multinational. With sourdough you engage, you learn and you enthuse! Some people start making their own bread – or seeking better bread to buy – because they prefer certain tastes. As my sister found, however, it quickly becomes part of a greater life-style choice or even, as it has become for me, a Political choice. I refuse to be de-skilled!
I started baking sourdough breads because my normal loaf was too normal, and white bread seemed to be making me feel rather ill. In Borough Market, I'd see loaves with dark chestnut-brown crusts that smelled wonderful, wonderful, wonderful. They had gorgeous flavour and, between the crisp crusts, a chewy crumb that toasted perfectly. I wanted to know if I could make a better loaf in my home oven, or if good bread had to be left to the professionals. Then Lo! Two home-baking books with seductive pictures and impassioned prose all about sourdough: Andrew Whitley's Bread Matters and Dan Lepard's The Handmade Loaf.
Just to clarify, I'm not against using commercially available yeast, by which I mean the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain which is packaged as fresh, dried or quick-action yeast. The Real Bread Campaign (RBC) does not stipulate that 'real bread' must be sourdough, they're more against unnatural additives and over-rapid or discontinuous processing (RBC's 'real bread' definition here), but sourdough bread often fits their criteria. 'Ordinary' yeast, S. cerevisiae, is just one yeast that has a recognised working temperature, speed and outcome. It's only been bred on an industrial scale for bakery and brewing use for about 200 years. Before that, because it is naturally-occurring like other strains of yeast, and grows particularly fast and well in dough, it is likely that it was still commonly used as a leaven but one amongst many, many home-grown varieties. It didn't have the hegemony that it gained from being singled out and industrially produced. Instead of buying yeast to put in their dough, bakers used to cultivate a sourdough or 'wild' yeast starter of their own. If it was active and effective they'd keep it living in order to keep using its leavening action. Using a sourdough leaven rather than yeast is, however, not about recreating the past. For me, it concerns re-expanding the variety of life. It is no coincidence that boring sliced white is produced in boring factories whilst satisfying sourdoughs are made by happy individuals who love what they do.
The slower action of sourdough, or 'wild' yeasts and lactobacilli, can produce a loaf with complex flavour and good texture. It also, importantly, takes longer. However, the time I spend actively working the dough is very short. It has, if anything, gone down since I've made sourdoughs. And planning? Pshaw! The process is slow so windows of opportunity are vast and the infinite variety of possible outcomes is to be revelled in. I admit I've occasionally taken a dough with me to work or college in a sort of attempt to be more vigilant over it, but that's because I might have found it more interesting than the thing I was attending. Bread-making's a good exercise in delayed gratification and knowing that rushing will get you nowhere. Deciding to make something and giving it time to develop is a generous act but the rewards are ten-fold and the ripples spread through everything you do.
This is a quote I first read in Kiko Denzer and Hannah Field's book Build Your Own Earth Oven. Their book is confusing but extremely spirited and inspiring. It contains lovely snippets like this, which floated into my head when I left my last job. "Off she goes again to live a life of leisure" said my ex-boss and I left in silence rather than telling her where she could stuff her nasty tasteless par-baked paninis...
from The Prophet by Kahlil Gibran
Work is love made visible.
And if you cannot work with love but only with distaste, it is better that you should leave your work and sit at the gate of the temple and take alms of those who work with joy.
For if you bake bread with indifference, you bake a bitter bread that feeds but half man's hunger.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Seville, Spain
Reales Alcazares — Zina Model '13
A Spanish minor who wanted to strengthen her skills in the language "while diving into a cultural experience in a traditional city," Zina Model describes Seville, a millennia-old city and capital of the region of Andalucia, as "the heart of traditional Spain." The city was founded by indigenous Iberian people, and passed through the hands of the Romans, Moors, and Castilian Catholic rulers Ferdinand and Isabella. Model loved learning about Andalucian and Sevillano customs and culture, living with a host family, and studying through a Council on International Educational Exchange program. She also took classes at the University of Seville. Captured in the royal palace of Seville, known as the Reales Alcazares, the photo portrays "a unique example of Moorish architecture," says Model. The reflection of the interior structure emphasizes the soaring arches and the "richness of the colors." She took the photograph during her first month in Seville, and it serves as a reminder of "how enamored [she] was—and still [is]—with the beauty of the city."
ampitiliana, madagascar
Meva sy ianta — Cassandra Stroud '12
Cassandra Stroud went to Madagascar on a study-abroad program with the School for International Training, a program that focuses on experiential learning for undergraduates in places like Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America, among others. Each student went to a different village for a week where people spoke only Malagasy, a language unrelated to nearby African languages, but with closer ties to those spoken in the Phillipines, Indonesia, and Malaysia. "I went to Ampitiliana, a small village of fewer than 200 people," says Stroud. "Taking pictures of the children was something fun to do that didn't require language, and they were enchanted to see themselves on the digital camera screen. The kids would pose, mostly smiling, sometimes not. I would show them the picture afterwards, and we entertained ourselves like that for hours."
Valle de la muerte, atacama desert, chile
Anfiteatro (Ampitheater) — Anjelais Diaz '13
Anjelais Diaz was ready to study abroad before she even knew she would be at Barnard. She also knew she would be going somewhere in Latin America to master Spanish, which she had been studying for years. Chile was an unexpected gift, with a culture, politics, and history that were unfamiliar and fascinating. She studied South American literature and Spanish in Valparaiso, a city near the capital of Santiago. On break in September, Diaz traveled to neighboring Peru, then back to Chile to the town of San Pedro de Atacama, where she experienced the last days of the nation's Independence Day celebrations. She remembers flags hanging from every building and people performing the cueca, the national dance, in the center of town. Diaz ventured out into the desert on a tour and witnessed the stirring sight that is the subject of her photo. "When we passed the Anfiteatro," she recalls, "this huge theatre-shaped wedge of bald, proud, bright-orange earth in the middle of the driest—and loveliest—desert in the world, the natural beauty of...Chile really came through to me."
Valencia, Spain
Valencianos Pequeños (Little Valencians) — Sevan Gatsby '12
Sevan Gatsby "has always had wanderlust" and was especially attracted to the rich cultural history and more relaxed pace of life in Spain. She traveled there initially in 2010 with Barnard Professor of History Jose Moya, where she found that Spain was "beyond anything" she had imagined. Gatsby chose Middlebury College's study-abroad program for its focus on intensive language learning and immersion in the local culture. Although she selected Madrid as her home base for the semester, Gatsby was eager to explore beyond the country's capital. Taken on a "spontaneous trip" to Valencia, a vibrant mix of old and new architecture, this photo records a moment during the festival of Fallas. The festival honors St. Joseph, "with processions and parades, copious amounts of sweet-smelling flowers" and ninots, painted puppets, throughout the streets. Each neighborhood displays its own traditional dress, worn by the children in Gatsby's photo. Here, she explains, the boy had offered a sweet to the girl, who ultimately "scooted away" instead of accepting it. The "entire exchange was so brimming with innocence!" she says, "I just needed to capture it."
Ha Long Bay, Vietnam
Ha Long Bay — Rachel Collens '13
Rachel Collens initially didn't picture herself studying abroad because she was reluctant to leave Barnard for a semester. But the clear focus of the School for International Training International Honors Program, which takes a hands-on approach to studying urban issues, urged her to reconsider. The program took her from Detroit to Brazil to South Africa to Vietnam. Though she didn't stay in any of the places for long, Collens felt well acquainted with each, thanks to her host families. The family in Hanoi encouraged her to make the trip to Ha Long Bay. She was struck by the shape of the mountains, a sight she knew "only from brush paintings." Ha Long Bay is a magnet for both tourists and locals; visitors take in the beauty but also contribute to the pollution. Collens paddled a kayak onto the water, but could smell oil and was advised not to swim. Intending to show the beauty of the site while suggesting its pollution; she captured a moody, evocative setting, one that makes Ha Long Bay a must-see for travelers.


text:
Diana Olick is an Emmy Award-winning journalist, currently serving as CNBC's real estate correspondent as well as the author of the Realty Check section on CNBC.com, which won the Gracie Award for "Outstanding Blog" in 2015. She also contributes her real estate expertise to NBC's "Today" and "NBC Nightly News."
Prior to joining CNBC in 2002, Olick spent seven years as a correspondent for CBS News.
Olick began her career as a local news reporter at WABI-TV in Bangor, Maine; WZZM-TV in Grand Rapids, Mich.; and KIRO-TV in Seattle. She joined CBS in 1994 as a New York-based correspondent for the "CBS Evening News with Dan Rather" and "The Early Show." She also contributed pieces to "48 Hours" and "Sunday Morning." During that time, she covered such stories as the World Trade Center conspiracy trial and the Boston abortion clinic shooting.
In 1995, Olick was assigned to cover the Midwest as a Dallas bureau correspondent. In the three years she was there, she covered all forms of natural disaster, including the crash of TWA Flight 800, the JonBenet Ramsey murder mystery and was the exclusive correspondent for the trial of Oklahoma City bomber Terry Nichols. During that time, she also took a temporary assignment in CBS' Moscow bureau, where she chronicled the brief presidential campaign of Mikhail Gorbachev.
In 1998, Olick was reassigned to the New York bureau and then immediately posted to Bahrain for the buildup to a possible second Gulf War. A year later, she went to Albania to cover the U.S. military buildup during the conflict in Kosovo.
Upon her return, Olick was reassigned to CBS' Washington bureau and the Capitol Hill beat. During Campaign 2000, Olick covered the Senate campaign of First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton and later joined the Bush campaign as a special correspondent for "The Early Show." That fall, she was named Supreme Court correspondent; her first case was Bush v. Gore.
Olick has a B.A. in comparative literature with a minor in soviet studies from Columbia College in New York and a master's degree in journalism from Northwestern's Medill School of Journalism.
Follow Diana Olick on Twitter @Diana_olick.


text:
Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics of Antituberculosis Drugs and Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes (SOUTH)
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01782950
Recruitment Status : Unknown
Verified April 2015 by Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University.
Recruitment status was: Recruiting
First Posted : February 4, 2013
Last Update Posted : April 13, 2015
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- No Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
|Condition or disease
|AIDS With Tuberculosis
|Drug: Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide
|Phase 4
During the study periodic monitoring will be conducted to ensure that the protocol and Good Clinical Practices (GCPs) are being followed.The monitors may review source documents to confirm that the data recorded on CRFs is accurate. The study site may be subject to review by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and/or appropriate regulatory authorities.
A CRF will be completed for each included subject and will be signed by the investigator or by an authorized staff member to attest that the data is true. Any corrections to entries made in the CRFs, source documents must be dated, initialed and explained (if necessary) and should not obscure the original entry. Qualit assurance will as also be performed regularly on the CRFs.
The primary end point will be analyzed using Time to event (cure, death, relapse etc)analysis and failure rates and hazard ratios will be calculated accordig to categorical drug concentrations with proposed cutt offs.
Secondary end points will be analysed using time to event for occurence of toxicities which will also be corelated to the drug concentrations.
|Study Type :
|Interventional (Clinical Trial)
|Estimated Enrollment :
|400 participants
|Intervention Model:
|Single Group Assignment
|None (Open Label)
|Primary Purpose:
|Official Title:
|Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics of Antituberculosis Drugs and Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes in HIV-tuberculosis Co-infected Ugandan Adults
|Study Start Date :
|February 2013
|Estimated Primary Completion Date :
|March 2016
|Estimated Study Completion Date :
|March 2016
anti-tuberculosis drugs
Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide tablets 3 to 5 tablets once daily for 2 months followed by Rifampicin, Isoniazid 3 to 5 tablets once daily for 4 months
Drug: Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide
Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide: 3, 4 or 5 tablets daily for weight below 55kg, above 55kg or above 70kg respectively for first 2 months followed by Rifampicin, Isoniazid: 3, 4 or 5 tablets daily for patients' weight below 55kg, above 55kg or above 70kg respectively for 4 months
Other Names:
- clinical outcome [ Time Frame: At the end of treatment (6 months after enrolmet) ]To investigate the association between serum concentrations of antituberculosis drugs and tuberculosis treatment response in HIV-TB-co-infected individuals.
- Cmax [ Time Frame: At 2 weeks, 8 weeks and 24 weeks after anti-tuberculosis drug initiation ]To investigate the steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters of anti-TB drugs at different time-points over the course of TB-treatment
- Number of adverse events [ Time Frame: 2 weeks, 8 weeks and 24 weeks after anti-tuberculosis drug initiation ]To assess the safety and tolerability of anti-TB drugs based on the WHO guidelines
- ART trough levels [ Time Frame: At 2 weeks, 8 weeks and 24 weeks after anti-tuberculosis drug initiation ]To correlate the effect of anti-TB drugs on plasma concentrations of efavirenz or protease inhibitors and vice versa.
- Isoniazid Cmax [ Time Frame: At 2 weeks, 8 weeks and 24 weeks ]To evaluate the effect of acetylator geno-and phenotype (NAT-2 gene) on isoniazid plasma concentrations and toxicity
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Evidence of a personally signed and dated informed consent
- Subjects who are willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plan, laboratory tests, and other study procedures.
- Age of ≥18 years
- First episode of pulmonary TB i.e. proven or highly suspected TB considered for TB treatment qualifying for 6 months anti-Tb drugs regimen
- Confirmed HIV-1 infection
Exclusion Criteria:
- Unable to provide informed consent
- Documented or highly suspected TB infection of any organs/systems other than the lung requiring TB treatment longer than 6 months
- Previously treated for a mycobacterial infection (TB or atypical mycobacterial infection, active or latent)
- Pregnancy or planned pregnancy within the next year
- Unwillingness to perform pregnancy test
- Decompensated liver disease and/or aminotransferases >5x ULN
- GFR < 50 ml/min
- Co-morbidities reducing life expectancy to <1 year (e.g. cancer)
- Patient wishes to take part in another interventional study
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01782950
|Contact: Andrew Kambugu, MMED
|+256-414-307000 ext 227
|Infectious Diseases Institute
|Kampala, Uganda, 256
|Contact: Christine Sekaggya, MMed +256312307000 ext 370 firstname.lastname@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Barbara Castelnuovo, MBChB, PhD
|Principal Investigator:
|Barbara Castelnuovo, MD, PhD
|Infectious Diseases Institute
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
|Responsible Party:
|Infectious Diseases Institute, Principal Investigator, Makerere University
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01782950 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|First Posted:
|February 4, 2013 Key Record Dates
|Last Update Posted:
|April 13, 2015
|Last Verified:
|April 2015
Keywords provided by Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University:
Antituberculosis drugs
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Mycobacterium Infections
Actinomycetales Infections
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections
Bacterial Infections
Antitubercular Agents
Antibiotics, Antitubercular
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Anti-Infective Agents
Leprostatic Agents
Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
Enzyme Inhibitors
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Inducers
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inducers
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inducers
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inducers
Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers
Fatty Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
Hypolipidemic Agents
Lipid Regulating Agents


text:
Realtek HD Audio Driver (MSI)
|Driver Date: 05/14/2019
|Driver Version: 6.0.8703.1
|WHQL Driver: Yes
|Driver Provider: Realtek Semiconductor Corp.
Supported Operating Systems:
Windows 10 x64
Detailed Description
Realtek HD Audio Driver (MSI) Version 6.0.8703.1 for Windows 10 64-bit
The driver package provides the installation files for Realtek HD Audio Driver (MSI) Version 6.0.8703.1 for Windows 10 64-bit system.
If you consider updating this driver package by Driver Genius, all you need to do is clicking the Update button beside this driver update. Driver Genius will install the driver automatically, smoothly and silently.
Moreover, constantly scan driver updates by Driver Genius or enable the Scheduled Scan function in Options- Schedule to make sure that will not miss a new release.
About sound card driver:
Usually, Windows only offer a generic audio driver that allows computers to recognize the sound card component and make use of its basic functions.
After installing a proper driver, the characteristics of the sound card (like model, manufacturer, number of channels) are completely available to computers, and all its features are made accessible.
Updating the audio version can improve sound quality, resolve different compatibility issues, fix related errors spotted throughout the product usage, add support for new operating systems, and bring various other changes.
Supported Devices
Realtek High Definition Audio
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