text: AOSIS OpenJournalshttp://email@example.com://www.koedoe.co.za1683-75842071-078XThe home range of a recently established group of Southern ground-hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri) in the Limpopo Valley, South Africa Little is known about Southern ground-hornbill (SGH) population ecology outside of large, formally protected areas where the largest declines in numbers have been recorded. The SGH has started re-colonising, establishing group territories and breeding successfully in the Limpopo Valley on the northern border of South Africa, following localised extinction from the 1950s to the 1970s. A group of SGH was monitored over a period of 14 months by means of radio telemetry across privately owned land in order to investigate their seasonal habitat movements in this semi-arid, predominantly livestock-based environment. We also investigated seasonal fluctuations in invertebrate prevalence, as an indication of food availability and its influence on seasonal SGH group movements and foraging activity patterns. There was a clear increase in food availability during the summer rainfall period allowing the group to forage over a wider area, whilst winter foraging remained localised within their range. Kernel home range analysis indicated a marked difference in size between the summer (13 409 ha) and winter (5280 ha) home ranges, with an overall home range of 19 372 ha, which is approximately double that of home ranges recorded that fall within formally and informally protected reserves. In this article, we proposed that food availability is the driving force for home range size and seasonal activity patterns in a semi-arid livestock-ranching habitat. Conservation implications: The Limpopo Valley SGH population is one of the most significant outside protected areas in South Africa. This population is especially vulnerable to threats such as poisoning, persecution for window breaking and drought, as shown by their near extirpation from the area. Conservation efforts need to focus on awareness amongst local farmers, provision of artificial nests and continued monitoring of groups. Nicholas Theron1,2 1Department of Genetics, University of the Free State, South Africa 2Mabula Ground Hornbill Research and Conservation Project, Bela-Bela, South Africa Raymond Jansen3 3Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa Paul Grobler1 1Department of Genetics, University of the Free State, South Africa Antoinette Kotze1,4 1Department of Genetics, University of the Free State, South Africa 4National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa Nicholas Theron email@example.com PO Box 864, Underberg 3257, South Africa 113555110.4102/koedoe.v55i1.113509 Jan. 201308 Aug. 201311 Oct. 2013Theron, N., Jansen, R., Grobler, P. & Kotze, A., 2013, 'The home range of a recently established group of Southern ground-hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri) in the Limpopo Valley, South Africa', Koedoe 55(1), Art. #1135, 8 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v55i1.1135 © 2013. The Authors. Licensee: AOSIS OpenJournals. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License. IntroductionThe Southern ground-hornbill (SGH) (Bucorvus leadbeateri) is the largest hornbill in the world and the largest cooperatively breeding bird species (Kemp & Kemp 1980). It is a territorial, sedentary species and occurs in groups averaging 3–4 individuals consisting of an alpha pair and a mixture of juveniles and adult helpers (Kemp & Kemp 1980; Knight 1990). The species is officially listed as vulnerable in South Africa (Kemp 2000), whilst a recent review of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) global status has precipitated a change in the species' status from least concern to vulnerable by BirdLife International (2010). The South African population is estimated at between 1500 and 2000 individuals, with almost half of this population (600–700 individuals) found in the Kruger National Park (KNP) (Kemp 2005). The reduction in numbers has primarily been associated with habitat degradation, persecution for window breaking, secondary poisoning and the loss of suitable large trees for nesting. In order to reverse these negative population trends, a critical component of the species' conservation strategy will be to understand what constitutes ideal SGH habitat. Suitability of habitat can be seen to contribute to the overall fitness and survival of an individual (Block & Brennan 1993) and the resources and conditions necessary to allow an organism to survive, reproduce and persist (Hall, Krausman & Morrison 1997). According to Kemp (1988), nesting sites are the primary resource associated with SGH territories, whilst food resources are secondary. Data from ground and aerial counts in the KNP spanning 20 years indicated that there exists no relationship between the frequency groups were encountered and group size with the distribution of rainfall, geology, geomorphology, drainage lines, soil types, vegetation types or vegetation structure (Kemp, Joubert & Kemp 1989). The importance of food resources to the species in African savannas is shown by the influence it has on SGH behaviour. During periods of lowest food abundance in winter, SGH adapt their behaviour by concentrating in areas around waterholes that have higher densities of ungulates and where food abundance will be higher (Kemp et al. 1989). Furthermore, observations indicate SGH dig more during the drier months of the year when surface prey is less abundant, often in and around piles of elephant dung (Kemp 1995) and in rhino middens. The onset of breeding is also restricted to the summer months (October–March) and is triggered by the start of the summer rains. It is this summer rainfall that is believed to be the proximate factor influencing the seasonal availability of food for the species, primarily invertebrates (Kemp 1976; Kemp & Kemp 1991) which form an important component of SGH diet during the wetter summer months (Kemp & Kemp 1978; Knight 1990). In South Africa, densities of one group per 100 km² are recorded in the KNP (Kemp & Kemp 1980), KwaZulu-Natal midlands (Knight 1990) and the Eastern Cape (Vernon 1984), whilst observations indicate densities of approximately one group per 20 km² in the Mana pools region of Zimbabwe (Kemp 2005) and the Masai Mara in Kenya (N. Theron, pers. obs.). Southern ground-hornbills disappeared from the Limpopo Valley during the 1950s–1970s (pers. comm. land owners), likely the result of extreme drought conditions and overgrazing aggravated by threats such as poisoning, electrocutions and persecution for window breaking. Re-colonisation since the early 1990s has subsequently occurred in the region with the establishment of successful breeding groups. Only 10 groups are known north of the Soutpansberg Mountains, between the Platjan Border Post and the towns of Alldays and Musina, with an estimated density of approximately one group per 600 km² (Theron et al. 2013). One group, which is the focus of this study, has been present in the area since the mid-1990s and has bred in an Adansonia digitata (baobab tree) at least twice from the summer of 2008 until the summer of 2011 (N. Theron, pers. obs.). Home range, habitat use, foraging behaviour and breeding success of SGH outside formally protected areas has not been investigated. Furthermore, behavioural studies on re-emerging SGH populations have yet to be undertaken. This is especially important in terms of developing a management plan for the conservation of this threatened species particularly for those areas they historically occupied. Moreover, quantitative seasonal data on the general availability of prey resources that include invertebrate abundance and the influences this has on foraging behaviour patterns of SGH, especially during the winter months (March–August), are still poorly understood. This study is a first attempt at quantifying the seasonal movement patterns of a group of SGH within a predominantly agricultural landscape outside of a protected area. Furthermore, this study aims to investigate the seasonal availability of invertebrates in relation to rainfall, temperature and changes in vegetation cover and the possible consequence this may have on the habitat utilisation, movement and seasonal home range size of a group of SGH in the Limpopo Valley. Research method and design Study area The study was undertaken from July 2008 to October 2009 in the Limpopo Valley, a semi-arid landscape that forms part of the savanna biome at an altitude ranging between 300 m.a.s.l. and 1000 m.a.s.l. (Mucina & Rutherford 2006) on the northern border of South Africa with Zimbabwe (Figure 1) at the north-western extent of the SGH's range in South Africa. The main vegetation types, classified by Mucina and Rutherford (2006), include Musina Mopane Bushveld making up the majority of the plains and Limpopo Ridge Bushveld covering the hills and ridges scattered throughout the area. Colophospermum mopane (mopani) trees, broad-leaved deciduous species such as A. digitata, Terminalia prunioides (Lowveld Cluster Leaf) and various species of Commiphora dominate the area (N. Theron, pers. obs.). The Limpopo Valley is a low rainfall area, with a yearly average of 341.6 mm (Jordaan et al. 2004) and a mean monthly temperature ranging between 15.5 °C and 29.9 °C. Rainfall is seasonal and sporadic, with 79.7% of the total precipitation occurring in summer (data from 1980–2009 supplied on request by the South African Weather Service). Commercial cattle and game ranching dominate the land-use, with an estimated 3.0% of Musina Mopane Bushveld and 1.0% of Limpopo Ridge Bushveld transformed mainly for agriculture (Mucina & Rutherford 2006). The area is further characterised by low average rainfall, shallow nutrient poor and severely eroded soils with low moisture retention (Jordaan et al. 2004). Study sites Four study sites within the group's territory were randomly chosen on the Stokes farm (242 MS; 22°28′S, 29°52′E) to collect vegetation and invertebrate data from October 2008 to September 2009. These study sites were targeted because of the constant presence of SGH on the farm over a number of months. Sites 2 and 3 were historically grazed by cattle and are now stocked with indigenous game species. Site 1 is currently a breeding camp for Nyala (Tragelaphus angasii) and Sable antelope (Hippotragus niger). Site 4 is old agricultural land that was abandoned more than 15 years ago. Vegetation sampling A visual estimate of cover to describe temporal changes in vegetation was conducted monthly at 10 geo-referenced points per site. Canopy cover of grass species formed the focus of this estimate by using a 1 m² metal quadrant at each point and the percentage grass cover estimated according to the following categories: < 10%, 10% – 25%, 25% – 50%, 50% – 75% and 75% – 100%. Each category was allocated a score, with one being the lowest and five the highest, to compile a monthly score ranging between 10 and 50. The overall condition score for each replicate was ascribed by those developed for this habitat by Jordaan et al. (2004), where three categories were described depending on seasonal precipitation levels, namely: extremely bad (bare soil and forbs dominate), bad (annual grasses such as Aristida spp. dominate) and good (annual grasses such as Aristida spp. and perennial grasses such as Eragrostis lehmanniana dominate). Invertebrate sampling Both pitfall and sweep net methods were employed to target invertebrates that would mostly be encountered by a SGHs mode of foraging behaviour. Pitfall samples would include species that are mainly ground-dwelling, whilst sweep netting would sample invertebrates occurring predominantly on surface vegetation (Standen 2000). Pitfall traps and sweep netting methods were employed monthly from October 2008 to September 2009 to determine seasonal availability at the same geo-referenced site the vegetation was sampled. At each site, 13 pitfall traps were set out using the nested cross array method (Perner & Schueler 2004). Plastic tubes with a 10 cm diameter and 15 cm in length were buried flush with the soil surface and cups dropped into each and filled with propylene glycol up to 3 cm deep. Propylene glycol is non-toxic and safe for animals that may feed on invertebrates caught in traps. Pitfalls were left out for a sampling period of 4 days each month. Pitfalls disturbed by animals were not included in the analysis as selected invertebrates may have been removed. Invertebrates were washed and stored in polytop vials with a 75% ethanol solution for later identification up to order level. Sweep netting was performed monthly by walking the same geo-referenced 200 m transect at each of the four sites within the same week pitfalls were sampled. A 45-cm diameter net was used to take sweep net samples where 200 sweeps were performed per line transect (one sweep for each step taken) before 10 am. All invertebrates were identified up to the level of order, counted and measured volumetrically using the volumetric water displacement method (Jansen & Crowe 2006). Home range analysis A group of five SGH consisting of an alpha male, alpha female, one sub-adult male and female and one juvenile was captured by luring them into a netting trap with a fibreglass SGH model and a vocal territorial recording. A Holohil® tail transmitter was fitted onto the main tail deck-feather of the alpha female. After a 30-day settling period, the group was tracked using a handheld yagi antennae and an AOR® receiver. Locality data were collected every 3–4 h where possible, including roost sites, 5 days a month from August 2008 to September 2009. Nest sites were identified in order to assess their possible influence on the movement of groups in the landscape. GPS readings were recorded using a Garmin® GPS. Other factors such as the influence of human structures (buildings, roads and highways) on the group's movements were also observed and recorded. Data analysis Ranges VII software (South, Kenward & Walls 2008) was used to analyse home range data where the harmonic mean and kernel home range calculations were used in estimating seasonal home range size. Harmonic mean home range estimates are highly sensitive to outlying observations and thus force the inclusion of many grid points. As such, the outcome of the home range size is an overestimate of true size, whereas kernel estimators are well defined and tractable (Seaman & Powell 1996) and are presented in this study. Furthermore, GPS co-ordinates were loaded into QGIS 1.8.0 Lisboa (Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project) and overlayed on 1:10 000 high resolution orthophotos and spatial layers representing rivers, roads and vegetation types to further note if any associations exists with group movements and structural habitat features. Statistical data analysis was undertaken using the software program STATISTICA (2009). Kruskal-Wallis one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for any variations between sites with regards to invertebrate prevalence and vegetation cover. A correlation analyses was performed (Spearman's) to determine if there exists any association between invertebrate numbers and grass cover. Correlations were performed against invertebrate data and relevant meteorological data (rainfall as well as maximum and minimum temperatures) where p < 0.05 (95%) denotes significance. A two tailed t-test was further employed to test whether there was any significant difference between invertebrate sampling methods. Results Vegetation Monthly estimates of cover were very similar across all four sites (ANOVA: KW = 2.12, df = 3, p = 0.5470) and the average overall monthly score for all sites was very low at 17.7, representing an average cover of between 10.0% and 25.0%. The veld condition using the Jordaan et al. (2004) criteria ranks each site as extremely bad throughout the study period. Graphical representation of grass cover and rainfall revealed the close relationship between precipitation and the response of vegetation growth (Figure 2). Grass growth was only stimulated following the December–January rains (272.6 mm), resulting in the highest grass cover scores during February. The total annual rainfall during the study was 40% above average at 477.7 mm, of which 460 mm (94.6%) fell during summer (November–March). Invertebrates The two sampling methods differed significantly with the pitfall traps being the most successful (t = 6.25, df = 21, p < 0.001). Sweep netting yielded a total of 1193 individuals in comparison to the pitfalls with a total of 18 272 (Table 1). The pitfall data showed positive correlations between the number of invertebrates with both mean monthly maximum temperatures (r2 = 0.531, p < 0.05) and minimum temperatures (r2 = 0.612, p < 0.05) and the volume of invertebrates with mean monthly rainfall (r2 = 0.563, p < 0.05). No associations were found between meteorological variables and sweep net data. As such, sweep net data proved unreliable and pitfall data seemed a more appropriate method of collecting invertebrates in this very arid environment. All statistical procedures made use of pitfall invertebrate data and sweep net data was not used. Invertebrate numbers and volume peaked during summer (November–April) and were lowest in mid-winter (May–July; Table 1). There were no significant differences between sites with regards to the number or volume of invertebrates sampled using pitfall traps (ANOVA: KW = 0.539, df = 3, p = 0.910). Furthermore, no association was found between invertebrate numbers (prevalence) and relative grass cover (Spearman r = 0.07, p = 0.834). Differences between the compositions of orders between the two sampling methods were apparent (Figures 3a–3d). Coleopterans dominated pitfall sampling and made up 62% of the numbers and 76% of the total volume. Orthopterans were the most abundant order sampled with sweep nets for both numbers and volume, representing 62% and 76% respectively. Orthoptera were the second-most abundant order in terms of pitfall volume, making up 6% of the total volume. Other notable differences in the most dominant orders collected for the two sampling methods were Hemiptera, which represent a significant proportion of the invertebrates captured by sweep netting but not in pitfall traps for both numbers and volume, whilst the converse was true for the order of Hymenoptera; strongly represented in the pitfalls but not the sweep net sample set. Home range size and habitat utilisation A total of 201 fixes were recorded. The territory size of the group varied between 19 372 ha and 22 731 ha by the kernel and harmonic mean home range analysis, respectively. The results of the kernel home range indicated a summer (September–February) and winter (March–August) size of 13 409 ha (Figure 4a) and 5280 ha (Figure 4b), respectively. Although the group would generally avoid areas with human activity, roads and highways did not seem to restrict movement of the group as these were easily traversed, often regularly. A total of three baobab trees with suitable nesting cavities were recorded, with the female spending at least one day in each nest. The group did not breed during the study period and the female was never observed in the primary nest tree which was used historically by the group. The group subsequently bred in this nest during the 2009–2010 season. Finally, this study highlighted the limitations of using radio telemetry to follow SGH groups in this challenging environment where farms are all privately owned and acquiring permission to access a property can be difficult. Ideally, a number of emerging SGH groups should be fitted with satellite transmitters to suitably quantify home range and habitat use in this environment. Ethical considerations The project was approved by the ethics and scientific committee of the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa. All relevant permits and permission from landowners were acquired before capture of the SGH group and during fieldwork. Discussion Seasonal abundance of invertebrates This study reveals positive correlations between insect abundance and temperature and rainfall across seasons. This is similar to studies in other areas where wet and dry seasons alternate and insect abundance is influenced by temperature and rainfall (Da Silva, Frizzas & De Oliveira 2011; Poulin, Gaetan & McNeil 1992). In these variable environments, the seasonal abundance of invertebrates is related to the presence of food, which for herbivorous insects would be the flush of new leaves and grass brought about by the wet season, in turn influencing the abundance of predatory invertebrates (Wolda 1979). The Limpopo Valley experiences a distinct rainy season from November to March with grass growth immediately responding to the onset of rains, thus stimulating invertebrate activity and abundance. An extreme case of this response is the large scale and unpredictable outbreaks of the mopani worm (Lepidoptera: Imbrasia belins) which is known to occur in arid habitats dominated by C. mopane (Oberprieler 1986). Such an outbreak occurred within the SGH territory during the study but unfortunately the dramatic increase of invertebrate biomass was not reflected in our results because the outbreak did not occur in the invertebrate sampling site. However, the spectacular influence rainfall plays in this ecosystem is reflected by the sudden rainfall-induced emergence of a species of monster tiger beetle (Coleoptera: Manticora sp.) resulting in the volume of insects caught in pitfalls increasing six-fold in November, the third highest volume of insects caught for any particular month over the study period. If future similar studies are undertaken, it is recommended that a more direct method of sampling mopani worms and other invertebrates is employed. Seasonal home range size and habitat utilisation Seasonal variations in home range size and the seasonal movements of the group are closely related to fluctuations in the surface abundance and availability of prey. The winter home range coincides with the period of lowest invertebrate abundance, is around 60% smaller than the summer home range and includes areas of core usage with large tracts of habitat where the group was not recorded. At the onset of summer in 2008, a sporadic and isolated thundershower occurred on the northern edge of the groups territory and the group immediately responded by moving to this area most likely in anticipation of the emergence of mopani moths and other invertebrates. Mopani moths and mopani worms are an important food resource for birds in this harsh environment, as shown by Gaston, Chown and Styles (1997) who found SGH feeding on mopani worms only during the fifth instar stage. Indeed, the group was again found concentrating in this area during March 2009 whilst the outbreak of mopani worms (N. Theron, pers. obs.) were in the fourth and fifth instar stage. Although observations of the study group could not be made, it is likely that the group was feeding on the profusion of mopani worms found throughout this area. Winter foraging was characterised by bouts of foraging focused within very specific locations over a number of days, with sudden, deliberate long distance movements (of up to 20 km) to other parts of the territory where localised foraging would again occur. These forays seemed to be purposeful rather than occurring in a random fashion and were likely undertaken to test other feeding areas known to the group before then returning to more productive foraging areas. During the last few months of winter (July–September), shortly prior to the first rains in both 2008 and 2009, invertebrate numbers and grass cover were at their lowest. During this time, the movement of the group was restricted at times to less than 500 m per day, which, in 2008, was a camp with a high density of ungulates. Kemp et al. (1989) also recorded similar behaviour in the KNP, with SGH most often observed during the drier winter months in areas associated with a high density of ungulates and resultant invertebrate prey resources found in the dung of invertebrates. Furthermore, in the KNP, Kemp and Kemp (1980) noted that during winter SGH foraging behaviour changes and the group will switch from foraging behaviour that focuses on invertebrates above the ground to strategies involving turning over dung, logs and other items as well as subterranean digging for invertebrates – even up to depths of up to 40 cm (Kemp & Kemp 1978). The ability of SGH to adapt and access invertebrates during winter is a key survival strategy in this harsh unpredictable habitat. It is interesting to note that species such as Secretary birds (Sagittarius serpentarius) and Kori Bustards (Ardeotis kori), which have similar feeding and habitat requirements to SGH but cannot access subterranean prey, are uncommon in the area. The survival and fitness of a long-lived K-selected, territorial species such as the SGH would be dependent on the ability of the alpha pair to react to, locate and access available food resources particularly during the drier winter months when food is the most limited. Southern ground-hornbill territory size The Limpopo Valley occurs at the south-western extent of the range of SGH and is a semi-arid environment. Semi-arid environments are generally less productive because the scarcity of rainfall affects the production of vegetation (Guttal & Jayaprakash 2007). As such, the area may be considered marginal for SGH in terms of their habitat requirements, where SGH are recorded to prefer savanna habitats and being absent from largely treeless arid regions such as the Kalahari (Kemp 2005). The territory size of this group of SGH is almost double the size observed in the KNP (Kemp & Kemp 1980) and KwaZulu-Natal (Knight 1990) and 10 times the size reported in the Mana Pools region of Zimbabwe (Kemp 2005) and the Masai Mara Reserve in Kenya (N. Theron, pers. obs.) which was calculated according to the density of groups. This corresponds with many studies that show a documented significant negative relationship between food abundance and territory size (Adams 2001). The relatively drier rainfall patterns found in South Africa in comparison to other parts of Africa provides an explanation for the extreme variations found in SGH territory size across the species range. Many studies have shown that the abundance of food and the costs of expelling intruders are important determinants of territory size (Adams 2001). In this study, the effects of density and pressure from other groups are not expected to be an important factor because of the low density of SGH groups in the Limpopo Valley (Theron et al. 2013). Therefore, in the absence of density-dependant factors and with the observed sensitive interaction between rainfall, vegetation growth and invertebrate abundance, a large territory would in effect act as an insurance buffer increasing the chance that sporadic rainfall events occur in a group's territory. In addition, large territories are required to provide sufficient food resources in a nutrient-poor environment. It is likely therefore, that in the Limpopo Valley food availability is the primary factor determining territory size. Southern ground-hornbill nesting requirements Although nests are not a limiting factor for the SGH group studied, all seven known nests utilised by groups in the Limpopo Valley are found in A. digitata trees and there seems to be a pattern with SGH distribution related to the presence of large A. digitata trees (N. Theron, pers. obs.). This observation, however, needs to be verified by future ongoing monitoring of groups in the Limpopo Valley. In this semi-arid landscape, with few rivers, the conditions for the growth of suitably large trees containing nest holes is severely restricted, with A. digitata being the only common tree, not restricted to water courses, that can reach large enough dimensions for SGH nesting requirements. It is therefore plausible that the lack of A. digitata trees and the possible nesting cavities these trees may contain is the primary reason for the absence of SGHs in certain parts of the Limpopo Valley. In the future, the provision of artificial nests in these areas may prove an effective management intervention to encourage new groups to re-colonise these areas. Conclusion Owing to the sensitive nature of the Musina Mopane Bushveld and Limpopo Ridge Bushveld vegetation types and the unpredictable availability of food resources, a relatively large area (200 km² per group) needs to be secured in order to support a viable population of SGH. This is especially relevant when considering that the only statutorily conserved portion of the study site falls within the Mapangubwe National Park. Little of these vegetation types have been transformed (Mucina & Rutherford 2006), although mining is a looming threat and this highlights the important role private landowners need to play in maintaining the ecological integrity of vast tracts of this area and the conservation of SGH habitat in South Africa. Moreover, long-term ecological monitoring of this population of SGH is further required to fully understand the home range and habitat requirements within the Limpopo Valley. Of special interest is the competitive influence other groups may have as they re-colonise the area and the adjustment of territory size as population densities increase. Acknowledgements We are grateful to the farmers and landowners of the Limpopo Valley who granted us access to their farms, particularly the staff and management of Stokes Safaris. We would like to acknowledge financial and equipment support from the Tshwane University of Technology, the Mabula Ground Hornbill Research and Conservation Project, the University of the Free State and the National Research Foundation. We are also grateful to the South African Weather Service for providing climate data. Finally, we acknowledge the helpful inputs of three anonymous reviewers. 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Mucina, L. & Rutherford, M.C., 2006, 'The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland', Strelitzia 19, South African Botanical Institute, Pretoria. 21. Oberprieler, R., 1986, 'Pinus radiata. Don: A new foodplant record for lmbrasia (Gonimbrasia) belina (Westwood) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)', Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 49, 168–170. 22. Perner, J. & Schueler, S., 2004, 'Estimating the density of ground-dwelling arthropods with pitfall traps using a nested-cross array', Journal of Animal Ecology 73, 469–477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.00821.x 23. Poulin, B., Gaetan, L. & McNeil, R., 1992, 'Tropical avian phenology in relation to abundance and exploitation of food resources', Ecology 73(6), 2295–2309. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1941476 24. Seaman, A.D. & Powell, R.A., 1996, 'An evaluation of the accuracy of kernel density estimators for home range analysis', Ecology 77(7), 2075–2085. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2265701 25. South, A.B., Kenward, R.E. & Walls, S.S., 2008, Ranges 7: For the analysis of tracking and location data, Online Manual, Anatrack Ltd., Wareham. 26. Standen, V., 2000, 'The adequacy of collecting techniques for estimating species richness of grassland invertebrates', Journal of Applied Ecology 37(5), 884–893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2000.00532.x 27. STATISTICA version 9, 2009, computer software, Statsoft Inc., Tulsa. 28. Theron, N.T., Dalton, D., Grobler, J.P., Jansen, R. & Kotze, A., 2013, 'Molecular insights on the re-colonization of the Limpopo Valley, South Africa, by Southern Ground-Hornbills', Journal of Ornithology 154(3), 727–737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-013-0937-4 29. Vernon, C.J., 1984, 'The Ground hornbill at the southern extremity of its range', Ostrich 57, 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1986.9633633 30. Wolda, H., 1979, 'Seasonality parameters for insect populations', Researches on Population Ecology 20(2), 247–256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02512630


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Little Giants Romp in Monon Bell Classicby Howard W. Hewitt • November 10, 2011 Share:
GREENCASTLE, In. - An undefeated season, NCAC Championship, and resounding Bell Victory isn't a bad way to end the regular season. The Wabash College defense was dominating in a 45-7 thrashing of DePauw in the 118th Monon Bell Classic.
Wabash will learn its first-round NCAA playoff opponent Sunday evening. The Little Giants can enjoy the unbeaten season record and their third straight Monon Bell win until then. It's the first time since 2001-2003 that Wabash has won three straight.
Few people expected anything like a repeat of the 2010 Wabash 47-0 win. But it started to feel that way in the first quarter when the Little Giants had the host Tigers (4-5) reeling after putting 24 points on the board.
"I thought our defense played great and obviously we played well on special teams," Coach Erik Raeburn said. "Offensively, it wasn't pretty but we did what we had to do. We didn't turn the ball over. When the defense is playing like that you just have to protect the football."
Who would ever have thought Wabash could complete just two passes and score 45 points? None of that mattered to the Wabash defense.
"Our defense wanted turnovers," said defensive captain C.J. Gum, who led all tacklers with 16 stops, and 10 of those were solo. "We wanted to score on our own without the offense. If the offense isn't playing right, then the defense has to hold them up and do what we can."
To say the defense did plenty is something of an understatement.
Wabash's best offensive drive of the day was its first which ended in an Ian MacDougall 32-yard field goal. Then late in the first quarter the defense flexed its muscle. Luke Zinsmaster recovered Tiger quarterback Will King's fumble at the DePauw 33. (In photo at left)
Two plays later Vann Hunt was in the end zone on a 33-yard run, 10-0.
King failed on two passes in the next series then completed one to Wabash's Jonathan Koop who returned it 22 yards for 17-0.
"I was reading the quarterback, he threw it and I just snagged it," Koop said. "It was a nice little gift. Then, I just ran into the end zone."
Bad then went to worse for DePauw. The Little Giant defense forced another three and out resulting in a Tiger punt to Wes Chamblee. The senior, who entered the game third in D-3 in punt returns, took the ball on the 44, split two defenders, and no one could catch him before he reached the end zone, 24-0.
"We had some pressure on the punter and he was trying to kick into the wind," Raeburn said. "It was a low one. Wes caught it on the run and found a hole on the right side of their coverage and it turned into a huge play."
Wabash's lone scored in the third quarter was thanks to tremendous defensive pressure. King was sacked at the goal line by freshman A.J. Akinribade causing a fumble. Pat Clegg was there to fall on the ball in the end zone for 31-0.
DePauw broke a seven quarter scoreless streak against Wabash with a Jon Ellis five-yard score after a short Wabash punt, 31-7. But the defense wasn't done scoring – not by a long shot. After a Wabash three-and out, Denzel Wilkins picked off a King pass and returned it 28 yards for another Wabash TD, 38-7.
With the game winding down and Wabash playing nearly everyone on the defensive side of the roster, sophomore Drew Walls picked off King at the Tiger 17. Troy Meyers ran for 13 yards then sophomore quarterback Andy Walsh took it in from four yards out for the final, 45-7. (In photo at left)
"We haven't been getting as many turnovers as we did earlier in the year," Raeburn said. "These last two weeks we've done a great job taking the ball away and I couldn't be prouder of how we played today.
"It's hard to win 10 games, for sure, I'm real proud of the guys getting over the 9-0 jinx in the Bell Game. We made sure that wasn't going to happen this year."
A huge Wabash crowd awash in white was noisy from the beginning. Numerous players cited the student, alumni, and community support.
"My biggest memory of these last three years is probably the atmosphere," Gum said. "Getting to play in this type of game with all the fans is special. No one else in the nation in our division gets to play in an atmosphere like this."
Here's some good news for Wabash fans. After Gum's huge numbers came three freshmen. Cody Buresh recorded six tackles, Akinribade and Wilkins had five apiece for the Little Giants.
"This is unbelievable," Buresh said. "The atmosphere is amazing and it's just a lot of fun."
The Little Giant defense collected two sacks, seven tackles for loss to go along with the three interceptions.
It was again the Wabash running attack that made the difference on offense. The Little Giants picked up 159 yards rushing on 31 carries to DePauw's 39 yards.
The stiff breeze made any passing game tricky. Chase Belton finished 2-11 for 21 yards. He rushed for a net 38. Tyler Burke took over in the second half after Belton suffered a minor injury. Chamblee caught the only two Little Giant completed passes for 21 yards.
Vann Hunt rushed for 59 yards. Tyler Holmes and Troy Myers added 25 and 21, respectively.
Wabash now leads the all-time series 56-53-9. The Little Giants also tied up the series for games contested for the Monon Bell, 37-37-6. The estimated attendance was 8100 at Blackstock Stadium.
More News
- Robinson '04 Named Distinguished Teacher
- Fiske Guide Cites Wabash as a Top College
- OLAB returns for 47th year
- New Interdisciplinary Major Made Possible Through Walsh Endowment
- Wabash Hosts Illinois College in 1st Round
- Bell Game DVDs Now on Sale
- 9-0 No Guarantee in Monon Bell Battle
- 'The Catch' - Ten Years Later
Photo Galleries
2011 Monon Bell Tailgate
Wabash 45, DePauw 7 (11-12-11)
Wabash 45, DePauw 7 (11-12-11)
Wabash 45, DePauw 7 (11-12-11)

subset: commoncrawl


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The Japanese economy shrank in the third quarter — the first time since last year — prodding the world's third biggest economy into recession and prompting its central bank to announce that it will continue "powerful monetary easing" to boost growth.
But economists tell CNBC that domestic stimulus is unlikely to bring Japan out of the downturn, with its recovery more dependent on global growth.
"I think the biggest driver for Japan to return to growth is global demand — especially in the U.S., China and Europe," Tokyo-based Masamichi Adachi, senior economist at JP Morgan said. "Of course, without an external demand pickup, I think what the Japanese government or central bank will implement is not enough to prevent the recession."
Izumi Devalier, Japan economist at HSBC in Hong Kong backed that sentiment saying Japan's economic development over the past decade shows that it's been extremely dependent on exports and external demand.
"Sad to say, Japan will have to wait for the overseas economies to pick up before it sees its own economy really lifted," Devalier told CNBC.
Data released Monday showed Japan's GDP (gross domestic product) contracted 0.9 percent in the three months to September from the previous quarter, and resulted in a 3.5 percent drop annually. The contraction was in line with expectations on slowing global growth and heightened tensions with China over disputed islands in the East China Sea.
Economists said they expect further deterioration in the economy in the fourth quarter —marking a technical recession — before growth picks up in the first half of next year.
(Read More: Japan Grapples With Its Fiscal Cliff)
George Boubouras, head of investment strategy and consulting at UBS Wealth Management, said the best thing for Japan's recovery is the expected expansion of the global economy next year.
"There's an awful lot of stimulus in there, led by the U.S. of course and that's the best sort of trade off for Japan and as long as Europe is not a big negative for 2013," Boubouras said.
Impact of Stimulus
The Bank of Japan (BOJ) eased monetary policy for a second month in a row in October by expanding its asset purchase program by $138.5 billion, but that did little to impress markets with the yen rising broadly, putting pressure on exports.
The yen has risen over 3 percent against the U.S. dollar so far this year. A strong yen makes Japanese exports more expensive and hence less competitive.
Exports fell 5 percent year on year in the third quarter — its biggest fall since a 6 percent decline in the second quarter of 2011.
(Read More: Japan September Core Machinery Orders Tumble)
The impact of the stimulus by the BOJ on the economy has been quite limited so far, according to Devalier, who said "I think it's unrealistic to expect the monetary easing measures to immediately lift growth."
She added that a pickup in the global economy — in particular China, as the recent fiscal stimulus filters through its economy — together with a gradual turnaround in consumption in Japan can help pull the country out of a recession.
- By CNBC's Rajeshni Naidu-Ghelani.


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Named Story Teller of the Year!and won Career Achievement Award in the Western category.
Waking Up With a Rake
January 2013
Connie is happy to introduce you to Mia Marlowe, her new writing partner.
Many of my books are now available in e-book format from various sites on a variety of e-readers.
Copyright © 2019 Connie Mason - Romance Author
All Rights Reserved.


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NY-Z: Jay-Z's 15 Min Short Film (By Absolut)
ABSOLUT Vodka presents "NY-Z", a new 15-minute documentary featuring Jay-Z. The film was directed by Danny Clinch
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Last Tuesday's snowstorm struck an unwelcome blow at many Pocono residents' hope for spring. But it also gave a little noted reprieve from spring's ugly side: litter.
Last Tuesday's snowstorm struck an unwelcome blow at many Pocono residents' hope for spring. But it also gave a little noted reprieve from spring's ugly side: litter.
The snow blanketed a winter's accumulation of humankind's castoffs. Beneath that pristine white layer lies a gray, motley assortment of everything from insulated coffee cups to cigarette butts, McDonald's bags to garbage bags.
Who is responsible for this unforgivable pollution of our common space? People we call friends and neighbors, family members and possibly even ourselves.
Decades have passed since the first litter pioneers coined the word "litterbug" (1947) and founded the Keep America Beautiful organization (1953). People of a certain age will remember the group's best-known ad, the "Crying Indian" public service announcement of 1971. Folks of all ages have taken part in KAB's best known program, the annual Great American Cleanup. In 2010, KAB reports, nearly 4 million volunteers donated more than 5.7 million hours, picking up a dismaying 76 million pounds of litter from landscapes and waterways in all 50 states. They also recycled 15.3 million pounds of metals, 91.5 millions pounds of newsprint, 1.1 million tires and 7.2 million pounds of electronics.
But while we have learned much, and accomplished much, it is not enough. Too many people still use their car window as a de facto trash can, meaning that this spring, as ever, school and civic groups, churches and fraternal organizations must set out to clean up our highways.
We have to do better. First lady Michelle Obama should follow the example of an earlier first lady, Lady Bird Johnson, raising the profile of the Keep America Beautiful effort; the Obamas' daughters Sasha and Malia could inspire young Americans everywhere to follow suit. The KAB itself should dust off the iconic and highly successful Crying Indian campaign. Locally, government agencies and civic groups can cooperate to see what we can achieve together. The Pocono Record hopes to play a role through raising public awareness, an important first step.
It's one thing to go out periodically and clean up litter — hard work and not pleasant. Far better to stop litter before it happens. Just think how great it would be for the Pocono area's late-season snow to melt away, revealing nothing but green grass growing under the spring sunshine.


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SANTA CLARA, Calif. (AP) Ben Aird scored 25 points and Jason Johnson added 18 as Utah Valley overcame a double-digit second-half deficit to beat Eastern Washington 86-83 in a CBE Hall of Fame Classic game on Tuesday night.
Each team had five players score in double figures. Alfonzo Hubbard added 16 points, Nick Thompson 11 and Antoine Hosley 10 for the Wolverines (3-2), who utilized a 31-9 run during an 8:57 stretch of the second half to turn a 10-point hole into a 66-54 cushion.
The Eagles (0-4) never led the rest of the way, but they didn't go quietly, rallying to within three points in the final minute, and Justin Crosgile's 3-pointer at the buzzer missed. Venky Jois scored 16 points, Martin Seiferth 14 and Crosgile, Jeffrey Forbes and Collin Chiverton 13 each for Eastern Washington.
Utah Valley protected its lead by making 7 of 8 free throws in the final 1:15.


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House Endorses Missouri Welfare Legislation
JEFFERSON CITY (AP) - Missourians could lose welfare benefits if they go too long without using them in the state under legislation advanced by the House.
The House gave the measure first-round approval Wednesday. It needs a second vote before moving to the state Senate.
Recipients of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families would be warned of possible suspensions if they go 60 days without using their electronic benefit card in Missouri. The Department of Social Services would suspend accounts if benefits went unused in Missouri after 90 days. State officials would investigate whether a recipient is a Missouri resident.
A state audit in December identified 366 cases in which recipients used $461,000 of benefits exclusively out of state for at least three months.


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Minority and Non-Traditional Law Students / What do law schools look for?« on: January 08, 2013, 05:57:20 PM »
Do law schools look at trends in grades as do many other graduate schools? Is a transcript with high marks in upper level classes looked upon in a more favorable light than a transcript that has poor marks in junior/senior level classes and higher marks in lower level classes? How much time is actually dedicated by the school to looking over the Law School application by the school? Do they simply take the top apps or is it somewhat holistic?


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FRW Vision Statement
The Rouge River watershed and surrounding watersheds will be vital components of a sustainable earth. Located within the Greater Toronto Area in Canadas most populous region, these watersheds will be healthy and vibrant, providing sanctuaries for nature and the human spirit. Linked to surrounding ecosystems, the Rouge River ecosystem will support healthy forests, farms, meadows, fields and streams and habitat for diverse flora and fauna, contributing to the complex web of global biodiversity. The protection and restoration of our ecosystems will also safeguard human health by sustaining the ecological processes that naturally protect the quality of our air, water, land and food. Healthy ecosystems will provide communities with clean air, rivers, lakes and beaches, safe drinking water and food, and exciting opportunities for education, recreation and tourism.
In the Rouge River bio-region and beyond, environmental health will be nurtured through active citizen involvement. Coordinated conservation efforts among governments, schools, businesses and communities will result in widespread awareness and understanding of ecological realities. A strong sense of environmental stewardship will grow through a sensitive and collaborative approach to conservation. We envision responsible communities living within a flourishing natural environment.
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Friends of the Rouge Watershed (FRW) will work with youth and community to protect, enhance and restore ecosystem beauty, health and integrity. FRW will form productive conservation partnerships with schools, community groups, religious organizations, businesses, landowners, municipalities, government agencies, community leaders, foundations and environmental groups.
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Republican congressional candidate David Harmer denounces bailouts, the stimulus package and Obamacare. But did he accept a bailout of his own?
Republican congressional candidate David Harmer denounces bailouts, the stimulus package and Obamacare. But did he accept a bailout of his own?
Harmer, a small-government conservative, is vying for the Republican nomination to run against Rep. Jerry McNerney, D-Pleasanton, in the 11th congressional district.
At his Stockton breakfast, as most campaign stops, Harmer blasted "the so-called stimulus that has not stimulated anything but government spending and federal debt."
Declared Harmer, "We're disgusted by it."
Harmer's brush with the bailout was more than ideological. Before flipping his hat into the ring for the 11th District seat, he worked for Washington Mutual.
An attorney, Harmer worked ensuring WaMu complied with federal credit regulations.
WaMu went belly-up in the mortgage meltdown. The bank was acquired by JPMorgan Chase.
JPMorgan Chase received $25 billion in federal bailout money from the Troubled Asset Relief Program, or TARP.
JPMorgan Chase laid Harmer off.
Harmer received a $75,406 bonus.
He also received $84,586 in severance, according to his federal financial disclosure forms.
Harmer's foes interpret events this way: Harmer, who denounces bailouts, received a hefty severance - of bailout money. Harmer is guilty of hypocrisy.
Harmer's camp says this interpretation is wrong.
WaMu never took a penny of bailout money, said Harmer's spokesman, Tim Clark.
JPMorgan Chase took it, Clark said. But the financial giant didn't need it. Witness the fact JPMorgan was one of the first to repay the U.S. Treasury in full, Clark said.
"JPMorgan Chase is one of the healthiest, financially sound institutions on the planet," Clark said. "They did not need nor did they want TARP bailout money."
U.S. leaders, striving to calm the financial markets, lavished TARP money over needy and not-needy institutions alike, Clark said.
"The whole bailout process was flawed, and it was bad government, and it should have never happened," Clark said.
As for Harmer's bonus and severance, "Whatever David was paid by JPMorgan came from JPMorgan," and not taxpayers, "because it was a very healthy financial institution."
JPMorgan Chase had a credit regulation compliance division of its own. Harmer's division became redundant.
As far as the bonus, "It's compensation for work done - for a good job done ensuring the banks comply with the consumer protection," Clark said.
"We are conservatives," Clark said. "We believe in rewarding those who excel and get the job done."
Harmer, who earned $485,779 over the previous five quarters, and who lists hundreds of thousands of dollars in assets, then applied for unemployment compensation.
He took $2,395 in unemployment, his records say.
"He's paid into the system," Clark said.
To my mind, the critics who raised the issues about Harmer's compensation are missing the bigger point.
Whether or not Harmer was wrong to take the money, WaMu's failure also was the failure of unrestrained free-market capitalism.
Washington Mutual undid itself by reckless and predatory lending. Seeking to become "the Walmart of lenders," the bank went after lower-income borrowers, buying Providian and other subprime lenders.
It plunged greedily into a dubious market with products such as high-fee Adjustable Rate Mortgages. The result was the biggest bank failure in U.S. history. Legions of borrowers lost their homes. Shareholders were wiped out. The whole country was sucked into recession.
A good question for the four Republican candidates for the 11th District seat is whether they believe government has a role to play in regulating financial markets.
Harmer supports regulatory reform, but contends Democrats are perpetuating the problem by continuing to hold that some banks and big companies are "too big to fail."
Harmer would not only let private companies suffer the consequences of bad decisions, he wants to abolish Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, federal mortgage corporations that buy and securitize mortgages.
"He says we need to get taxpayers off the hook," Clark said.
That's all very well - unless you believe Harmer himself was bailed out.
Contact columnist Michael Fitzgerald at (209) 546-8270 or email@example.com. Visit his blog at recordnet.com/fitzgeraldblog.


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Along a noisy stretch of Middlefield Road, beside Matadero Creek, a refuge from the sun and cement has taken hold.
Birdhouses hang from a flowering privet, buzzing with nectar-sipping bees. Sculptures ranging from dinosaurs to nudes pop out from between pink hydrangeas and herbs.
A tiny blue watering can and spray bottles encourage passing children to water the flowers, and a dog bowl filled with water from a miniature stylized "stream" serves passing canines out for a walk with their owners.
Welcome to the "Big Snail Ranch," a corner garden so named after the pesky mollusks that invariably lunch on the plants in Lynn Krug's garden.
The garden is the Midtown resident's work of art, populated with her own figure sculptures and plants rescued from construction sites and remodels. It's where Krug unwinds after a long day as a field inspector for the City of Palo Alto's Water, Gas, Wastewater Engineering Department.
But most importantly to Krug, the garden's main function is building community, she said.
"Parents used to race by with their kids pushed in strollers with one hand and talking on their cell phones with the other. I started putting stuff out to make them stop by," she said.
Krug's dream of building a corner space for residents began six years ago, just months after she moved into her apartment on the northeast side of the creek. She began putting out plants in the trash- and ivy-covered lot and eventually won over her initially skeptical landlord, she said.
After working out a deal regarding water use, she expanded the garden to a roughly 20-foot-by-60-foot area amid existing oaks, California pepper and palm trees.
Now the garden features a plethora of flowering plants, herbs and vegetables ripe for the smelling, gazing at and picking. Neighbors bring plant gifts, do plant exchanges and donate unwanted and rescued sheds, trellises, bird baths and other garden additions, she said. A once-scrawny avocado tree with three leaves came with a note on it: "Please take care of me."
Krug gazed about and smiled.
"The only thing I see from my apartment are the trees -- no buildings. I moved here because I wanted an apartment that gave me a feel of the outside. There are tons of finches and chickadees and hummingbirds," she said, pointing out paintings on the birdhouses of each species that visits the garden.
A woman and her child come to the garden every Sunday morning to pick a strawberry from the planter strip edging the street. In summer, there are fresh tomatoes. Adults stop to pot up herb cuttings to bring home, she said.
"It really makes me excited. People are out here talking and friendly because of the garden," she said.
Every place she has lived has had a trash or weed-strewn alley nearby that Krug has transformed into a garden, she said.
Krug said people don't usually associate gardens with apartment dwelling, but she believes creating such spaces should happen all over town -- especially in areas where there are apartments.
"I feel personally strongly about the garden, I want people to engage -- to take the time to stop and reflect. People have sort of fortressed their homes. The garden encourages people to imagine," she said.
The garden is the only thing like it between Loma Verde Avenue and the Midtown shopping area, she said. "It's like having a park at the end of the street."
Each season brings something different; Krug "works with what the garden wants to become," she said.
On holidays, she decorates for Valentine's Day or Christmas or the Fourth of July. Twenty neighbors from adjacent Ellsworth Place gathered in the garden for a July 4 block party, she said.
If Krug isn't in the garden for a day or two, or if another neighbor who frequents the garden isn't seen, residents become concerned, she said. The garden has become a neighborhood destination. Sometimes, people don't realize she is the garden's creator.
"I'll stand out here and people introduce me to the garden. People feel a sense of ownership or place. It makes people feel homey," she said.
Krug, 55, grew up in upstate New York's Finger Lakes region, the daughter of a construction worker and mother who hung out with artists.
Krug studied art at Pratt Institute and became a sculptor. She has taught at the Pacific Art League. She lived on a stagecoach inn and dairy farm surrounded by nature, she said.
The Middlefield garden is not the only garden she has developed locally. Krug and her daughter, Rose, 16, created a garden at a women's and family shelter for a Girl Scouts project; Krug and city union volunteers also installed a garden on the side of the Palo Alto Municipal Services Center on East Bayshore Road, she said.
Sitting at a small wicker table among the trees in her "junior Stern Grove," Krug reflected on the changes the garden has brought to the neighborhood: friendship, sharing, a connection with nature -- and inspiration.
People have started remodeling the front of a nearby apartment complex and new landscaping has been added at another building, she said.
"A guy said he bought his house because of the garden," she said. "People could do this all over town."
A video created by Lynn Krug about her garden and her neighbors can be viewed at youtube.com/user/mczoomin by searching for "Share a Garden."


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mhdfgfg wrote:
The second image link is broken apparently. Can't you use imgur?
Moderators: SecondTalon, Moderators General, Prelates
mhdfgfg wrote:
TaintedDeity wrote:Tainted Deity
suffer-cait wrote:One day I'm gun a go visit weeks and discover they're just a computer in a trashcan at an ice cream shop.
Dthen wrote:FUCK CHRISTMAS FUCK EVERYTHING FUCK YOU TOO FUCK OFF
Deva wrote:Documented Lode Runner well. Skimmed through many levels without success. Assumes a similar type game.
Flynn Sprint? Mentions it solely due to no useful video or screenshots. (Happens to be listening to Fury Sparks from Tales of Vesperia too.) Describes it as similar to Lode Runner.
Ruled out every other game. Might be more obscure or from a collection.
Oakfeather wrote:Hey guys,
So there was a game I used to play when I was younger, and now I cannot remember the name of it or too many details... but here's what I remember:
The game was for PC, you could download it from the internet.
I played it sometime in 2003-2006 ish time period on Windows XP.
I think it was in isometric 3d and each level was kinda like a maze. I think you had to avoid enemies and collect keys. I'm not sure if you could kill the enemies or just avoid running into them. The main character may have been somewhat feline. I think there were lot of puzzles to open a door or gate and get to a certain area.
The game had a free trial with about 10 or so levels, and the full version maybe had around 100.
I think the game used a lot of blue colors or blue mazes.
Anyone have an inkling of what I am talking about? It was free and I think you could see links to it on some free game aggregate websites, but it also had it's own website, I think.
mhdfgfg wrote:Hi, I am still looking for this game, it might be a dos game. I want exactly the game shown in picture.
heuristically_alone wrote:I want to write a DnD campaign and play it by myself and DM it myself.
heuristically_alone wrote:I have been informed that this is called writing a book.
SecondTalon wrote:mhdfgfg wrote:Hi, I am still looking for this game, it might be a dos game. I want exactly the game shown in picture.
And you've gotten a shitload of help. If someone notices it and answers later, fine. Otherwise - we don't know. Sorry. Stop asking.
Deva wrote:The Binary?
Winning Google search: "Source Code" Movie Kongregate.
Usually attempts to answer "What makes this game unique?". Tried iterations of Bodyguard, Assassin, Protect, Guard, and "Time Travel". Switched to the movie inspiration instead. Doubted more than one game on Kongregate like that. Checked Wikipedia and TVTropes for mentions. Returned nothing. Ran various forms of the correct search before finding it. May not work for all flash games, however.
Indigesta wrote:Hi all!
From time to time I make an attempt at finding an old game that I used to play back around the end of the 90s...hope somebody can help!
* Background: the gameplay was quite similar to Chip's challenge. You played a white square-like character who could shoot square-like enemies and had to find colour-coded keys in order to complete levels. I distinctly remember some of the enemies being ninjas, then you had the blood worm (or lava worm or magma worm?) - which was a fast running worm composed of 4-5 red circles - and you could use dynamite as a weapon.
* System: Dos / Windows 95?
* Year: mid / late 90s
* Perspective: 2D
* Environment: again, similar to Chip's challenge but with dark coloured maze-like levels; some level with lava pools maybe?
* Genre: I'd say adventure/puzzle
* Gameplay: arrow keys; space bar?
Deva wrote:Super ZZT?
Sounds more combat-focused than Chip's Challenge. May compare closer to Deadly Rooms of Death.
Is an Acid Worm possible as well? Asks due to Diamond Caves 3. Resembles lava. (Changes nothing. Found neither.)
Diamond Caves 3 Acid.png
Eowiel wrote:DaBigCheez wrote:Hmm, have been trying to find a decent spacefaring-trading-game-kind-of-a-thing, and remembering one I used to play way back when, but Google is being no help.
* Background: Used to play while growing up, probably late '90s/early '00s; so, nostalgia kicking in pretty good. I mostly remember it for the races/factions having their own musical themes, some of them being very familiar drum cadences or patriotic-ish songs; the other specific thing I remember is that one of the races had a ship that looked sort of like a bubbly gel pickle. I am not sure if it was actually named the Globulator, or if I always just named it that myself.
* System: PC of some type, probably either win-95 or MS-DOS. May have been shareware/come on floppies, but again, uncertain.
* Year: Late '90s/early '00s, probably. Possibly as early as early/mid-'90s - I think I was playing it several years before Halo came out.
* Perspective: 2D third-person, I believe - you would make trades and watch a little animation of your ship zipping around in space, but wouldn't directly fly it.
* Art style: Cartoonish in general - some of the races looked like somewhat whimsical paint-by-numbers drawings, I believe.
* Environment: Lots of zipping around in space - I'm not sure if interplanetary or interstellar. Again, the "whoosh" of the animation with the ship zipping through space - which I believe was just the ship sprite/image being essentially copy-pasted over the static background - is one of my main memories.
* Mood: Fairly light-hearted and comical, I believe.
* Genre: Trading game, with ships to carry goods between planets and price differentials between them.
* Gameplay: I remember very little of this, besides that the races/ships had different stats in some way (cargo bay, top speed, etc.), I believe random events could happen between planets as you were hauling cargo, and I believe you could interact with the other (AI-controlled) traders in some way - I'm not sure if there was direct interaction, or just updates on their progress in making money relative to yours, but I do know that occasionally a window would pop up with their portrait and theme song giving some info about them or maybe having them taunt you.
Also, if anyone knows of other games that might play out similarly to this, let me know. Basically, "like Freelancer, without the combat and more turn-based-ish/less fully-attention-demanding when things are going on".
Maybe Gazzilionaire by Lavaminds?
heuristically_alone wrote:I want to write a DnD campaign and play it by myself and DM it myself.
heuristically_alone wrote:I have been informed that this is called writing a book.
Deva wrote:Endless Ages?
Deva wrote:Amberstar?
pollywog wrote:I want to learn this smile, perfect it, and then go around smiling at lesbians and freaking them out.Wikihow wrote:* Smile a lot! Give a gay girl a knowing "Hey, I'm a lesbian too!" smile.
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Looking to visit a modern city in the desert? Book flights to Doha and visit the Great Mosque, the clock tower and the Museum for Islamic Art. With its large Aqua Park, beautiful cinemas and the roller coasters of Aladdin's Kingdom, this city also offers plenty of family fun. Take the children to the pleasant Al Bidda Park and enjoy a picnic in the shade of a palm tree overlooking the blue ocean. The food will taste so much better!
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Justin Timbertease, ahem, Timberlake, is getting a very intense eye exam on the cover of his forthcoming album, The 20/20 Experience. Us Weekly
Call it 'The Mindy Effect:' Kaling's fellow Office alum Ellie Kemper is shooting a single-camera sitcom pilot for NBC called Brenda Forever. Deadline
Cosmo girl Kelly Clarkson is so not going to be a bridezilla, obviously. People
Lindsay Lohan. Fur hood. Discuss. Huffington Post
Valentine or no Valentine, treat yourself to a Ryan Gosling-themed coloring book. You deserve it, girl. Marie Claire
Follow Michelle on Twitter.


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Men's Team Competes in Three Events at Penn Relays
Penn Relays Carnival
Franklin Field - Philadephia, Penn.
Friday, April 24th, 2009
Weather - 75 Degrees, Sunny
Philadelphia, Penn. - The Farmingdale State men's outdoor track team competed in three events at the Penn relays, in Philadelphia, Penn.
4x200M Relay-Jason Chin Chitty, Naveed
Mohammed, Steve Brown, Jermaine Carter (1:30.20)
The Relay team placed 42nd out of the 55 teams competing, beating several top Division I (Army, Navy, Fordham, Kentucky State) and Division III (Ithica, Ursinus, Lehman) teams.
4x400M Relay - Samar Hall, Greg Denis, John Bates, Jermaine Carter (3:22.54)
Jermaine Carter ran a 49.2 anchor leg to secure 3rd place medals in the CTC section of the event. This is the best time run in the last two years and improved the teams ECAC qualifying mark.
Long Jump - Qasim Ellis - 6.63m (21' 9") Season Best
This is one inch off of the ECAC qualifying standard. Ellis has previously qualified in the triple jump.


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Windows Defender is an application which helps protect your computer against pop-ups, slow performance and security threats that are caused by spyware and other malware, by detecting and removing these threats from your computer.
Windows Defender features Real-Time Protection; a monitoring system that recommends actions against spyware when it's detected. It minimizes interruptions and helps you stay productive.
Windows Defender key benefits include:
- Spyware detection and removal.
- Improved Internet browsing safety.
- Protection against the latest threats.
Windows Defender is enhanced by SpyNet; a community that brings Windows Defender users together to identify and share information about spyware. This community reports potential threats identified by the Windows Defender real-time system agents to the SpyNet servers, these in turn, catalogue and update the system to help protect you from new spyware threats.
We don't have any change log information yet for version 1.0.701 Beta of Windows Defender. Sometimes publishers take a little while to make this information available, so please check back in a few days to see if it has been updated.
Can you help?
If you have any change log info you can share with us, we'd love to hear from you! Head over to our Contact page and let us know.


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Pizza Oven Types
GalleryPizza Oven Types
Pizza oven terminology can be a bit confusing. I recently mentioned that a couple new pizzerias had installed "mobile" wood-fired ovens. But mobile to wood-fired pizza geeks is something entirely different from what most folks might initially imagine.
Let's break things down with some easy-to-relate-to visuals. For a quick tour through some of the oven types you'll read about on Slice, I've taken the liberty of comparing them to different styles of housing.
For a truly useful guide to oven terminology, see Forno Bravo's glossary. For a goofy diversion, peep the slideshow here »
This post may contain links to Amazon or other partners; your purchases via these links can benefit Serious Eats. Read more about our affiliate linking policy.


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If you're looking to pick up the AT&T Nokia Lumia 920, Amazon Wireless just became a little more attractive. The online retailer, who is normally quite competitive in pricing, began selling the device just last week for $99. While that's a nice price-match for AT&T, there was little incentive to order from Amazon over the carrier.
Amazon Wireless has now dropped the price to a more reasonable $49.99 for all colors--white, black, cyan, red and yellow (it's $499 locked to AT&T but with no contract). That's the good news. The bad news is only white and black are available to order as even Amazon is suffering from the Lumia 920 color shortage. Listed as "backordered" there is no clear indication of when they will ship outside of the vague "one to two weeks" listed on the order page. Still, if you want matte black or glossy white (our personal favorite), Amazon Wireless looks like a good place to go, especially with their rocket fast shipping.
Rumor Alert: We should also note that rumors are saying that Amazon Wireless will offer the AT&T Nokia Lumia 920 for just $0.99 come "Black Friday" (the day after Thanksgiving). We cannot confirm this information but we would not be surprised if it's true.
Source: Amazon Wireless; via: Windows Phone Central Forums
This post may contain affiliate links. See our disclosure policy for more details.


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Carmines tennis tournament begins Friday
The David M. Carmines Memorial Tennis Championships will be held Friday through Sunday at the Palmetto Dunes tennis center on Hilton Head Island.
All proceeds go to the David M. Carmines Foundation and benefit the Hilton Head Island Recreation Center, the American Cancer Society, and the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center.
The tournament will serve the foundation's mission to support recreation, cancer patient support and cancer research. Prizes will be given to winners and finalists. Food and beverages will be supplied by Hudson's Seafood House on the Docks.
Palmetto Animal League
charity golf tournament
Palmetto Animal League's Putt for PAL charity golf tournament will be held at noon Dec. 3 at Belfair's Fazio West Course.
The $150 fee includes a buffet lunch, golf, prizes and appetizers/wine/beer after play. The format will be a four-person shamble.
All proceeds will be used to fund programs at PAL's adoption center in the Riverwalk Business Park.
Register online to play or to purchase a hole sponsorship "in memory of" a beloved pet at www.palgolf.golfreg.com, email email@example.com, or call Wendy Schlegel at 843-815-3011 or Bob Elliott at 843-706-9015.
For more information on Palmetto Animal League, go to its website at
www.palmettoanimalleague.org or go to its Facebook page.
Tennis symposium
scheduled for May
Professional Tennis Registry will hold its annual International Tennis Symposium at the Sonesta Resort Hilton Head Island from May 2-5.
The symposium attracts tennis teachers and coaches from more than 50 countries. Subject matter ranges from 10-and-under tennis to tennis business and teaching tactics and techniques.
Teaching pros will show off their playing skills at the PTR International Championships, held in conjunction with the Symposium. The tournament starts April 30.


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If the short trailer from Sony's showcase wasn't enough, Miguel managed to capture some gameplay of Days Gone from the showfloor.
$224 of $400 per month
Become a patron →
@jmd749: Think i'm gonna try the demo out to see what the fuss is about. It looks fun and cartoony. (3 Days ago)
@der_ton: Yeah, I took a chance and got it on sale for £10, but I would have gladly paid £15. :) (3 Days ago)
yeah even the Supraland demo had alot to offer. It's on my wishlist now. (4 Days ago)
I am hooked on Supraland, finding every nook and cranny. Proper OCD stuff. :) (5 Days ago)
Inject it into your veins? [url] (5 Days ago)
@Loakum: yeah. They finally portray Peter Parker properly in this one (5 Days ago)
INJECT THIS RIGHT INTO MY VEINS [url] damn timming with RE2make, they won't make a new HD Remaster of RE3, but i WANT IT! (5 Days ago)
GSY is getting some nice content at 3 pm CEST with our July podcast and some videos of the Deus Ex Mankind Divided preview build. :) (> 3 Months ago)
For once we'll be live at 4:30 pm CEST. Blim should not even be tired! (> 3 Months ago)
More Quantum Break coverage coming in a few hours, 9:00 a.m CEST. (> 3 Months ago)
We'll have a full review up for Firewatch at 7 pm CET. Videos will only be tomorrow though. (> 3 Months ago)
Tonight's livestream will be at 9:15 GMT+1, not GMT+2 as first stated. (> 3 Months ago)
New GSY Live dedicated this time to Just Cause 3 on Tuesday 9:30 GMT+2 (> 3 Months ago)
Join us tomorrow at 10 pm GMT+2 for a new livestream. We'll be playing Rise of the Tomb Raider. (> 3 Months ago)


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Latin Bands Near You
"Come on, shake your body, baby, do the conga!" If you're finding it hard to control yourself any longa', then you should really consider hiring one of these Latin bands to bring some energy into your event. They'll provide a tradition-filled upbeat party atmosphere - complete with cool dance beats and infectious rhythms. Those conga and bongo drums are gonna be goin' all night long... keeping all your guests' feet movin' at booties shakin'! Don't miss out on this opportunity to add the perfect Latin flavor to your next event.
Where do you need a Latin Band?
About booking Latin Bands
Latin music is perfect for a lively wedding reception or party, a restaurant, a dinner occasion, corporate event, concert venue or club. Latin Bands can be quite diverse in nature, from the simple, rural conjunto music of northern Mexico to the sophisticated habanera of Cuba, from the symphonies of Heitor Villa-Lobos to the simple and moving music of the Andean flute. Spanish songs, African rhythms and European harmony are major parts of Latin music, as are rock, punk, ska, hip hop, jazz, reggae and R&B.
Some things to consider when hiring a Latin Band are to make sure you listen to audio and watch video clips. This will ensure that you truly do book the best for your next event! Next, you want to get references. Talk to people in the area about the band and get feedback. Finally, get a contract. Many professional Latin Bands require a deposit to secure them at your next event. Make sure to read through the contract carefully before contracting the band for your party.
Latin Bands around Ashburn, VA:
Quimbao Latin Band(5)
Latin Band
Manassas, VA
Recent review: I hired Quimbao for our Latin Dance Party on April 1, 2017. We are a Retirement Community of…
Bachelor Boys Band(109)
Cover Band / Latin Band
Washington, DC
1 Verified Booking
Recent review: Could not have asked for better music on our wedding day!!!! I was torn between a band or a DJ…
Music by Nancy(0)
Accordion Player / Latin Band
Washington, DC
1 Verified Booking
I am known as The Accordion Queen of Washington, DC. I am an Entertainer/Strolling Accordionist. Thank you for…
Latin Band
Falls Church, VA
The PM Band's pro level musicians will make your party or event a total success. Well known and loved Salsa,…
Latin Bands for hire across the U.S. and Canada:
United States:
- Alabama
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- District Of Columbia
- Florida
- Georgia
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
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- Maryland
- Massachusetts
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- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
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- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
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- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
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- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- U.S. Virgin Islands
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
- British Columbia
- Ontario
You might also like:
Want more Latin Band gigs?
If you provide Latin Band services in the United States or Canada, get more gigs by joining GigSalad.


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Hon. Peter P. Sweeney
Part Rules
Civil Term - Part 73 and PRSGP-SW - Room 761
347-401-9013 (courtroom)
347-401-9520 (chambers)
Revised April 1st, 2014
Rules for PRSGP-SW
All status conferences will be held in room 761, in 360 Adams Street. There will be only one call of the calendar, which will commence promptly at 10:00 a.m. All parties must appear by counsel unless the Court was notified in advance that the matter has been settled, discontinued, dismissed or otherwise disposed of. Plaintiff's failure to appear may result in dismissal. A default judgment may be entered against any defendant who fails to appear.
Rules for Part 73
(1) Commencing February 27, 2012, and every other Monday thereafter (except for legal holidays), motions pending in Part 73 shall be heard in Room 761, in 360 Adams Street, Brooklyn, New York.
(2) The first call of the calendar shall be at 9:45 A.M. The second call shall begin promptly at 10:30 A.M. Judge Sweeney is on the bench for both calendar calls.
(3) Motions that are not answered on the second call, may be marked off, or a default may be entered, as appropriate. Counsel is advised that if a motion has been marked ready and no one appears to argue the motion when it is called to be heard, a default may be taken against the party who answered ready and then failed to appear.
(4) Motion papers, answering affidavits and reply affidavits must be served on adversaries as per CPLR 2214.
(5) All motions require appearances and oral arguments.
(6) Motions may be adjourned twice upon consent of the parties. Any further adjournment requires leave of Court upon good cause shown. A stipulation of adjournment will be accepted only if signed by all counsel and provided it is faxed to Chambers at 646-963-6411 or submitted to the Motion Support Office at least one (1) business day prior to the return date of the motion.
(7) Summary judgment motions must be made within sixty (60) days of the filing of the note of issue.
(8) Proposed orders to show cause must be brought to the Ex Parte Office for review prior to submission to the part. Fees as required by law must be paid to the County Clerk prior to submission.Trials
(1) Marked Pleadings. Prior to trial, counsel shall furnish to the Court marked pleadings pursuant to CPLR Section 4012.
(2) Exhibits. Counsel shall pre-mark all exhibits in the order which they intend to introduce them at trial. A list of the exhibits shall also be provided to the Court prior to trial. Plaintiffs will number their exhibits and defendants will letter their exhibits. On the day of trial the exhibits and the list will be given to the Court reporter who will officially mark them before trial.
(3) Witnesses. Prior to trial, Counsel shall provide to the court a list of potential witnesses in order in which they intend to call them at trial, including expert witnesses, their expertise, and summary of expected trial testimony.
(4) Motions in Limine. Any potential evidentiary question or procedural or substantive law matter not previously adjudicated shall be brought to the Court's attention and addressed prior to trial by way of a written or oral motion in limine. A written memorandum of law with citations to the Official Reports is required. Citations and copies of relevant court decisions and statutes should be furnished to the Court prior to commencement of plaintiff's case and when otherwise requested by the Court.
(5) Depositions. A copy of depositions intended to be used at trial should be furnished to the Court at the commencement of the trial.
(6) Proposed Jury Charges and Verdict Sheets. All proposed jury charges and proposed verdict sheets shall be submitted to the Court in typed form no later than the close of plaintiff's case. Additionally, proposed jury charges and the proposed verdict sheet shall be emailed to the Court (PPSWEENE (at) courts.state.ny.us) in editable text format such as WordPerfect or MS Word (.doc) format.


text:
This cozy pair of yoga pants are great for indoor and outdoor occasions. They feature horizontal thin knit structure, 6 inch contrast color fold over flap, slightly flared leg pant and a measurement of approx 29 inches from inseam to bottom of leg pant.
You're reviewing: RED STRAIGHT LEG YOGA PANTS
© 2017 Lollicouture.com. All Rights Reserved.


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The Prostate Seed Implant
Dear OncoLink "Ask the Experts,"
I have prostate cancer. PSA = 13.5. I'd like to know the pros and cons of seeding. Can you help?
Li Liu, MD, OncoLink editorial assistant, responds:
Dear J:
Thank you for your interest and question.
The seed implant treatment for prostate cancer is also referred to as "interstitial brachytherapy." In this therapy, small pellets of radioactive materials (isotopes such as iodine-125 or palladium-103) are placed inside thin needles, which are inserted through the perineal area (area between the scrotum and anus) into the prostate gland. The permanent types of pellets, which are sometimes called seeds, are implanted through these needles, and become lodged in the cancerous area. Alternatively, the needles containing radioactive material can be kept in place for less than a day and then removed. This approach is called high dose-rate brachytherapy. In both cases, exposure to surrounding tissues and to other personnel is minimized.
The advantage of seed implant compared with external beam radiation is primarily convenience. Permanent seed implant only requires a brief stay in the hospital when the radioactive material is inserted. Usually this procedure is very well tolerated.
This treatment is most useful for patients whose cancer is still localized to the prostate. The efficacy of seed implant relative to external beam radiation therapy and radical prostatectomy remains a debatable issue. One large retrospective study demonstrated that, in men with low-risk tumors (early T stage, serum PSA ¾ 10 ng/mL, and Gleason score ¾ 6), seed implant achieved similar PSA free survival compared to external beam radiation and radical prostatectomy (JAMA 1998 Sep 16; 280(11): 969-74). The outcome measured was PSA failure rather than survival because of the relatively short duration of follow-up. No definitive conclusions can be reached regarding the efficacy of seed implant until randomized clinical trials have been completed.
Seed implantation is a surgical procedure. The potential acute complications may be related to anesthesia and/or include, bleeding, and infection. The late complications of seed implant include irritative voiding symptoms, persistent urinary retention, rectal urgency, increased bowel movements, rectal bleeding or ulceration, and prostatorectal fistulas (International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 1994 Mar 1; 28(4): 985-90). The incidence of erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence appears to be lower than with external beam radiation.
As always, you should discuss treatment options with your doctor.


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Former Major League Pitcher Caught In Massive Drug Bust
Former Major League Baseball pitcher Esteban Loaiza was nabbed by authorities in San Diego on Friday carrying 44 pounds of heroin or cocaine according to Fox News. Loaiza is being held on $200,000 bail and faces charges of felony possession of drugs and two felony counts of transporting and possessing narcotics with intent to sell.
Loaiza was a two-time All-Star and won 126 games in his career while playing for eight teams over 14 seasons in the major leagues. His best season was in 2003 when he won 21 games and finished second in American League Cy Young voting.
He is scheduled to be arraigned on Wednesday, February 14th.
Photo: Getty Images


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P.O. Box 56
Yuanlin Taiwan R.O.C.
Phone: +886-4-8526171
Fax: +886-4-8527881
Merida Industry Co., LTD.
P.O. Box 56
Yuanlin Taiwan R.O.C.
Tel.: +886-4-8526171
Fax: +886-4-8527881
Blumenstraße 49-51
D-71106 Magstadt
Phone +49 (0) 7159 9459-600
Fax +49 (0)7159 9459-500
Stuttgart HRB 245247
Wolfgang Renner, Gerd Klose
All information is subject to change without notice.
Please click here
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MERIDA has made every attempt to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the information provided on this website. However, the information is provided without warranty of any kind. MERIDA does not accept any responsibility or liability for the accuracy, content, completeness, legality, or reliability of the information contained on this website.
MERIDA reserves the right to amend any or all specifications without prior notice. All bike pictures are provided for visual reference; they should not be used to study specification.
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