text:
Key Players - Systemair, Greenheck, Soler & Palau, Fl?ktGroup, Ebm-Papst, Ventmeca
The research study provides forecasts for Axial Fan investments till 2023.
Access Sample Copy @: www.htfmarketreport.com/sample-…fan-market
If you are involved in the Axial Fan industry or intend to be, then this study will provide you comprehensive outlook. It's vital you keep your market knowledge up to date segmented by Industrial, Commercial & Others, Duct Axial Fan, Ceiling Axial Fan, Column / Wall Axial Fan & Other Types and major players.
If you have a different set of players/manufacturers according to geography or needs regional or country segmented reports we can provide customization according to your requirement.
An axial fan is a type of a compressor that increases the pressure of the air flowing through it. Axial fans are named for the direction of the airflow they create.
Blades rotating around an axis draw air in parallel to that axis and force air out in the same direction.
Access this research report @ www.htfmarketreport.com/buy-now…ort=312977
The Study is segmented by following Product Type: Duct Axial Fan, Ceiling Axial Fan, Column / Wall Axial Fan & Other Types
Major applications/end-users industry are as follows: Industrial, Commercial & Others
Geographically, this report is segmented into several key Regions such as China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, India & Australia, with production, consumption, revenue (million USD), and market share and growth rate of Asia-Pacific Axial Fan in these regions, from 2012 to 2022 (forecast)
Read Detailed Index of full Research Study at @ www.htfmarketreport.com/reports…fan-market
Major companies covered in the report: Systemair, Greenheck, Soler & Palau, Fl?ktGroup, Ebm-Papst, Ventmeca, Polypipe Ventilation, Acme Fans, Air Systems Components, Zhejiang Shangfeng, Nanfang Ventilator, Nortek Air Solutions, Hitachi, Vortice, Cofimco, Howden, Johnson Controls, Loren Cook, Twin City Fan, Marathon, Patterson, Yilida & Mitsui Miike Machinery
This study also contains company profiling, product picture and specifications, sales, market share and contact information of various international, regional, and local vendors of Asia-Pacific Axial Fan Market. The market competition is constantly growing higher with the rise in technological innovation and M&A activities in the industry.
Moreover, many local and regional vendors are offering specific application products for varied end-users. The new vendor entrants in the market are finding it hard to compete with the international vendors based on quality, reliability, and innovations in technology.
Some of the key questions answered in this report:
- Detailed Overview of Asia-Pacific Axial Fan market helps deliver clients and businesses making strategies.
- Influential factors that are thriving demand and constraints in the market.
- What is the market concentration? Is it fragmented or highly concentrated?
- What trends, challenges and barriers will impact the development and sizing of Axial Fan market?
- SWOT Analysis of each key players mentioned along with its company profile with the help of Porter's five forces tool mechanism to compliment the same.
- What growth momentum or acceleration market carries during the forecast period?
- Which region is going to tap highest market share in future?
- What Application/end-user category or Product Type may see incremental growth prospects?
- What would be the market share of key countries like United States, France, UK, Germany, Italy, Canada, Australia, Japan, China or Brazil.?
- What focused approach and constraints are holding the market tight?
Make inquiry @ www.htfmarketreport.com/enquiry…fan-market
There are 15 Chapters to display the Asia-Pacific Axial Fan market.
Chapter 1, About Executive Summary to describe Definition, Specifications and Classification of Axial Fan market, Applications [Industrial, Commercial & Others], Market Segment by Regions;
Chapter 2, to analyze objective of the study.
Chapter 3, to display Research methodology and techniques.
Chapter 4 and 5 , to show the Overall Market Analysis, segmentation analysis, characteristics;
Chapter 6 and 7, to show the Market size, share and forecast; Five forces analysis (bargaining Power of buyers/suppliers), Threats to new entrants and market condition;
Chapter 8 and 9, to show analysis by regional segmentation[China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, India & Australia ], comparison, leading countries and opportunities; Regional Marketing Type Analysis, Supply Chain Analysis
Chapter 10, focus on identifying the key industry influencer's, overview of decision framework accumulated through Industry experts and strategic decision makers;
Chapter 11 and 12, Market Trend Analysis, Drivers, Challenges by consumer behavior, Marketing Channels and demand & supply.
Chapter 13 and 14, describe about the vendor landscape (classification and Market Positioning)
Chapter 15, deals with Asia-Pacific Axial Fan Market sales channel, distributors, traders, dealers, Research Findings and Conclusion, appendix and data source.
News From
Category: Market Research Publishers and RetailersCompany about: HTF Market Report is wholly owned brand of HTF market Intelligence Consulting Private Limited which provides next-generation service for organizations with a deep focus on market intelligence, data analytics, and social intelligence, all uniquely delivered under one roof by skilled professionals. By combining and analyzing acquire lucid and most relevant data which would help in better decision-making. We provide your requirements with speed and cost benefit across the world, we are able to achi ...
For more information:Make an Inquiry about this report HERE!
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- www.linkedin.com/company/13388569


text:
Welcome to your new First-Person Shooterassignment.
You are a covert special ops soldier ready to play your part indangerous military FPS attacks and silent assassin missions.
With access to powerful guns you will rely on your marksman skillsto finish the job. Upgrade your sniper rifle to improve accuracy,damage and range.
Your job as sniper is to travel deep into enemy territory to locateand eliminate hidden targets. Stare down your rifle scope, zoom into find and identify the target. Take a breath...and pull thetrigger to make the Kill Shot.
We need confirmed kills soldier. Good luck out there.
- Over 800 first person shooter missions to complete.
- Awesome 3D graphics.
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- Global Ops event system with prizes to be won
- 50 unique maps and stunning locations.
- 100+ different weapons to choose from
- Maximize your firepower with 4 weapon classes:
+ Sniper Rifle,
+ Assault Rifle
+ Shotgun
+ SAW Gun
- Unlock powerful upgrades for every weapon.
- Spotter - quickly find all enemies.
- Slow-Mo - slow down time to line up the perfect Kill Shot.
- Armor-Piercing Bullets - if you can hit it, you will kill it.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
IN.gov - Skip Navigation
Note: This message is displayed if (1) your browser is not standards-compliant or (2) you have you disabled CSS. Read our Policies for more information.
But when you're done reading it, click the close button in the corner to dismiss this alert.
But when you're done reading it, click the close button in the corner to dismiss this alert.
If you could have a safer, cleaner and healthier workplace, would you? If you could cut health care costs and reduce productivity losses to illness, would you? Making your business smoke-free saves lives and saves you money.
Indiana employers are impacted greatly by the burden of tobacco use. The average annual health care cost associated with tobacco use in Indiana is $2.2 billion; plus the average annual cost burden due to lost productivity related to smoking in Indiana is $2.6 billion.
Going smoke-free lowers the risk of fires and accidental injuries, which can reduce your insurance costs. Smoke-free businesses have negotiated for lower fire and property insurance premiums, with some businesses winning reductions of 25-30%.
Everyone benefits when the air is cleared of secondhand smoke - even smokers. Workers become healthier. Healthier workers miss less work, are more productive and have lower healthcare costs. Smoke-free initiatives are good for your workers' health - and that's good for your bottom line.
Select a category below for more information:


text:
Career Center
Job Seekers, Welcome to CUCVM Job Board
The job you tried to view is no longer active.
See similar jobs below or perform a new job search.
See similar jobs below or perform a new job search.
Sort By
2,828 'veterinarian OR STATECODE:"FL"' Jobs
Lemon Bay Animal Hospital
3 Months Ago
Clermont, Florida
Clermont Animal Hospital
2 Weeks Ago
Vero Beach, Florida
Treasure Coast Animal Emergency
2 Days Ago
Englewood, Florida
Englewood Animal Health Center
1 Week Ago
Boynton Beach, Florida
Coral Breeze Animal Hospital
1 Week Ago
Land O Lakes, Florida
Animal Health Center of Land O Lakes
1 Week Ago
Jacksonville, Florida
Vet-I-Care Animal Hospital
2 Months Ago
Clermont, Florida
Mobile Vet to Pet - Florida
2 Months Ago
Brandon, Florida
Santa Cruz Animal Clinic, INC
2 Weeks Ago
Powered By


text:
Brandon Browner's play hasn't gone unnoticed by the Seattle Seahawks.
The Seahawks gave the cornerback a $218,756 pay raise this week, a source who has seen the contract said Friday.
Browner still has one year left on his contract with an unchanged base salary of $555,000, but the Seahawks added a $125,000 signing bonus and a $93,756 roster bonus. His salary-cap number and total value now is $773,756.
Browner, who has started 28 games for the Seahawks over the past two seasons, called the raise "a good gesture."
"You already make more than the average guy, so I'm happy and satisfied, man," Browner told USA Today. "I was up there in Canada making 50 grand."
Before signing with the Seahawks in 2011, Browner spent four years in the Canadian Football League. He made the Pro Bowl in 2011, but he received a four-game suspension in 2012 for violating the NFL's policy on performance-enhancing substances.
It could be a busy offseason for the Seahawks, as they might have looming contract extensions for cornerback Richard Sherman and safety Earl Thomas.
Follow Ian Rapoport on Twitter @RapSheet.


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Stay in vogue with all the latest fashion accessories. From bridal jewellery to gold jewellery and designer jewellery, infibeam has all of it. Be it a necklace, pendant or ring, the store on Infibeam will let you get all the matching fashionable thingummies without any delay. Shop online from infibeam to save your time and money.
Indian history has it, that jewels formed an intricate part of wealth of Indian rulers. Also, during our Independence movement, women whole heartedly gave out their jewels to amass wealth for freedom movement. In our country, jewels are not only looked on as mere objects of adornment, but they are the best investments that serves as security in times of emergency. So, if your thinking to gift your wife something that she can perennially stay in her life and shower excessive love on you, nothing is better than jewellery. Infibeam has a variety of jewels from well reputed brands like Voylla, Sparkles, Mahi, Ishis, Ratnakar and many other such brands. Also, there are different styles of jewellery online suiting various occasions. Infibeam has good price list too, which helps you to pick up the one best suited to your budget.
With jewellery shops online, shopping for jewellery is sure to become your most favourite activity. Infibeam has stunning designs on various types of designer jewellery online that helps you express feminism in a confident way. Jewellery has become an important adornment that enhances the personal status & beauty of a woman. Not only for special life events like wedding, but wearing jewellery perfectly matching your outfit has become the fashion statement for modern women.
These days, jewellery for women come in mesmerizing designs, patterns and colours. The jewellery stores online keep you informed of the latest designs in jewellery for men & women. Now has become very easy to buy jewellery online. Also, they add beauty to your attire & give you a glamorous look. Infibeam has gold jewellery online with the most enticing designs and patterns to beautify yourself.
Indian Jewellery is the most popular for its rich designs & patterns using various materials and gem stones. In Indian Weddings, you get to see the bride decked in extremely amazing and beautiful bridal jewellery fabricated with gold, from head to toe. Earring, Bangles, Necklaces, Toe Rings, Anklets, Nose Rings, Head Band, Maang Tikka and lot more things are included in the Indian Jewellery. Browse through the online jewellery store on Infibeam and make a valuable addition to your priceless possessions of jewellery! Add bling to your persona with Voylla Jewellery! Shine like the whole universe is yours with hand crafted jewellery, neck pieces, bracelets and a lot more from Voylla, that too, at pocket-friendly prices!


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OptimusLaw® PA Lawyer DirectoryButler, PA Lawyers
Select A Popular Area Of LawFind Butler, PA Lawyers, Attorneys or Law Firms
Terms of Use PolicyThe OptimusLaw Butler, Pennsylvania Lawyer Directory is provided for your general information. This information is generic and may or may not apply to your particular state, local jurisdiction or your individual circumstances. It is not intended to be a source of legal advice or a substitute for qualified legal counsel. Your access to and use of this web site is subject to additional terms and conditions found in our Terms of Use policy. Please read it now.
PA Lawyer Directory Home
OptimusLaw.com Butler, Pennsylvania Lawyer Directory
Copyright© 1998-2017 OptimusLaw All Rights Reserved


text:
PBS LearningMedia
- Audience: Educators
PBS LearningMedia is your destination for direct access to thousands of classroom-ready, curriculum-targeted digital resources. PBS LearningMedia builds on the strength of public media and is designed to improve teacher effectiveness and student achievement. Resources are aligned to Common Core and national standards and include videos and interactives, as well as audio, documents, and in-depth lesson plans. You can browse by standards, grade level, subject area, and special collections. You can also favorite, and share resources with your class and colleagues through folders and social media. Best of all, PBS LearningMedia's basic service is free for PreK-12 educators.
- Database Provider: Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) and WGBH Educational Foundation
Express Link (bookmark): http://www.galileo.usg.edu/express?link=tedo


text:
Beginners Guide to Command Line Part III
How to Acquire root Privileges
There are several ways to escalate the normal user privileges to the root user privileges. You may wonder why this needs to be done. There are many files and directories that cannot be modified by the normal user. If you are trying to fix problems and sometimes when you are trying locate problems you will need the privileges of root.
The su command allows you to "substitute user". One of the major disadvantages of this process is that su does not record the commands executed as root. It does create a log entry for which user became root and when but not what they did with the power! Once logged in as a user you can switch to root with this command:
su root
The system will then ask for the root password. This will then provide the user with full control of the entire system and access to all files and directories on the system. One item of note for Ubuntu users. If the root account has not been configured to enable this feature you will not be able to become root with su.
su – root
This is an additional option that will place you in the root home directory when executed and provide you with the environment of the root users as well. Details of the root user environment will be discussed in the path explanation.
When Ubuntu is installed the first user to be installed on the system will be able use the sudo su command to administer the system. This is because the first user is placed in groups that allow these special privileges. Subsequent users that are added do not get these privileges by default. You can see in the example below that the first user mike is placed in a number of special groups providing these privileges while the users tom and diane do not have the same rights. This can be viewed when you open the /etc/group file with cat, short for catenate.
cat /etc/group
The advantage of using sudo is that there is better command logging for accountability, you can limit access, you do not have to reveal the root password, and sudo is faster
How to use the sudo command
The first user created on the system, because they are added to special groups, has the privileges to run administrative commands even though they are a normal user. If mike a normal user wanted to check the firewall configuration and executed the command, iptables -L, would only see a response that they did not have the correct privileges as you can see below.
mike@ub:/etc$ iptables -L
iptables v1.3.8: can't initialize iptables table `filter': Permission denied (you must be root)
Perhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded.
Now if mike was a normal user that had been placed in the privileged groups he could use the sudo command to be able to execute that command. The sudo command precedes the command you want to run with root privileges.
Format → sudo command options
In the example below sudo precedes the command iptables which is followed by the option -L.
mike@ub:/etc$ sudo iptables -L
[sudo] password for mike:
Chain INPUT (policy DROP)
target prot opt source destination
ufw-before-input all — anywhere anywhere
ufw-after-input all — anywhere anywhere
In Ubuntu the sudo command can be joined with su to create the privileges needed to execute administrative commands and to change users to root as long as you remained logged in.
sudo su
This will mean that the user will receive root privileges and be actually running as the root user which will be reflected in the prompt as you see below. Note that the "$" on the end which signifies a normal user has been replaced by the "#" which indicates that the user is now functioning as root in all of the commands they execute.
This is a dangerous thing to do because any mistake you make will be a permanent change, which no warning.


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Diane Kruger was embarrassed during her boyfriend Joshua Jackson's first meeting with her parents as her mother interrogated him over his 2002 arrest.
The German actress' mother, Maria-Theresa, took the opportunity to quiz the former "Dawson's Creek" star about an incident at an ice hockey match in North Carolina in 2002, and even pulled out a folder of newspaper clippings about his scuffle with a security guard.
Kruger tells Jimmy Kimmel, "I thought we were doing so good (at his first meeting with my parents) and my mom says 'Ah, wait I have something for you.' She goes into the office and comes back with this folder of Internet clippings of Josh with his mug shot.
"She thought it would be cute to go, 'So I see you've been arrested… at a hockey game. Who's fault was it?' You can imagine. We were there for three days, we did not speak for two. It was not good."
Jackson was charged with a number of offenses, including assault after grappling with a security guard at a Carolina Hurricanes game in Raleigh, N.C. The charges were later dropped after he agreed to complete an alcohol education course and community service.


text:
Dancehall star Sean Paul has been hit with an $80 million lawsuit from a former lover.
Susanne Persson filed papers at Manhattan Supreme Court in New York late last month, alleging the star had her illegally deported from Jamaica and drove her to attempt suicide.
In the documents, she claims, "I had tried to kill myself, losing more than one liter of blood from a cut on my wrist. I had shown the pictures of the cuts to Sean over the Internet. I feel he should see what he had caused."
Persson made the alleged attempt on her life in June, 2010, a day before she was deported back to her native Sweden by officials.
She claims Paul "bribed Jamaican police" to kick her out of the country – an allegation the star's representative denies.
Attorney Tom Taveres-Finson tells the New York Post, "He would not have the power to do that."
Persson is seeking $80 million in damages from Sean Paul, his road manager Steve Wilson, and the star's label, Atlantic Records.
She claims she was a "jet set slave" for Paul, and threatened to go public about his "lies… and erection problems" when he allegedly threatened to have her deported.
Her court documents include a receipt for a flight from Jamaica to Stockholm, Sweden, which was paid for by Headline Entertainment, Sean Paul's Kingston-based management company.
Paul has refused to comment on the pending litigation.


text:
Roger Schall
PÉNICHES QUAI DE GESVRESAbout this photograph
From the beginning of his career in the 1930s, Roger Schall produced a significant amount of photographic reports on Paris. Like his contemporary, Robert Doisneau, he was attentive to ?the continuous, free show of everyday life?. Both journalistic and artistic, his photos capture the energy that emanated from the capital city in the middle of its economic, artistic, and cultural boom, although it would soon go to war. He photographed Parisians in their day-to-day world, often secretly, silhouetting their outlines and integrating them within the urban landscape. By favouring formal research and original points of view, the photographer brought a fresh perspective to the famous landmarks of the city, such as the major avenues, the Champs Élysées, Montmartre and the banks of the Seine. Here, the City of Lights is shown in all its splendour, accentuated by sharp contrasts of light.Read more Read less
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Roger Schall, born in 1904, is a French photographer who deeply influenced the thirties. With the arrival of the Leica and Rolleiflex, he produced numerous photo reports that were printed in top international magazines such as Vu, Vogue, L'illustration, Life, or Paris-Match… He thus covered many current events and in particular, he focused on everyday life in Paris, his favourite subject, which he photographed before, during, and after the German occupation.


text:
Covering all types of modifications for your vehicle in relation to OEM parts from both Europe and the US.
© 2001-2019 Audizine, Audizine.com, and Driverzines.com
Audizine is an independently owned and operated automotive enthusiast community and news website.
Audi and the Audi logo(s) are copyright/trademark Audi AG. Audizine is not endorsed by or affiliated with Audi AG.


text:
Swimming Pool Blog
by Rob Cox, August 24, 2012
Mesh or Solid Safety Pool Covers: Which is Better?
When the safety pool cover was first invented, a mesh fabric was the only choice offered. After about 20 years on the market, installers began to ask if they could have a solid material, anchored in the deck, in the same fashion. A company known as Anchor Industries was first on the market with a PVC reinforced vinyl material.
Safety cover manufacturers saw the demand for a solid safety cover and worked hard with the ASTM (American Society of Testing and Materials) to create a solid safety cover that could still be called a safety cover. This was complicated, due to the fact that a solid material would collect rain water, and even a few inches of water on a cover could pose a safety hazard. For a few years, you could have the solid cover made by Loop-Loc or Meyco, but it was very clear on the company and pool owner documents that this was NOT a safety cover, and could pose risks, yada, yada, yada.
A few years later, these companies introduced the solid safety cover with center drain panels. These proudly held ASTM approval as a safety pool cover. Meanwhile the completely solid covers were quietly removed from manufacturer's offerings, until around late nineties, when it was quietly announced that you could buy a completely solid safety cover, but it was only and always sold with an automatic cover pump.
So now, we have 3 choices available: Mesh safety covers, Solid safety covers with drain panel and Solid safety covers with cover pump. Which is better? I have listed the advantages of each below.
Mesh Safety Pool Covers
- Lightweight and easy to carry
- No cover pump needed, No standing water
- No water stains. Dries quickly when removed from the pool
- Allows sunlight penetration, which contributes to algae growth
- Allows contaminants such as acid rain, pollutants and phosphates to wash in
- Susceptible to UV degradation after 10-12 years
- Material can be damaged by animals
Solid Safety Covers with Drain Panels
- Blocks 100% of sunlight, inhibiting algae growth
- Extremely strong material resists damage from tree branches and animals
- No cover pump needed, No standing water when properly adjusted
- Heavier than mesh covers, however second generation solid covers are lighter
- Allows contaminants such as acid rain, pollutants and phosphates to wash in through drain panel
- More expensive than mesh safety covers
Solid Safety Covers with Cover Pump
- Blocks 100% of sunlight, inhibiting algae growth
- Extremely strong material resists damage from tree branches and animals
- Blocks 100% of contaminants, maintains water balance
- Heavier than mesh covers, however second generation solid covers are lighter
- Cover pump must be maintained, and unclogged if there are nearby trees
- More expensive than mesh safety covers
When solid covers with drain panels were introduced, I immediately got half a dozen orders for this new type of safety cover - touting it as the algae-free safety pool cover to those customers who were tired of spending so much money on pool shock to open their green, mesh covered pool each year. Because these covers block all sunlight I told them, we'll have no algae come spring!
Well, each one of these pools opened up green the next year, despite a careful pool closing. It could be that phosphate levels were so high that even a lack of sunlight couldn't prevent the algae growth. Regardless, I revised my theory on winter algae growth - that it was not so much the algae growth, but the contaminants that wash in through the center drain panel that causes most algae growth. Pollen, Pollutants and Phosphates among other things. I had nearby pools that used the Anchor solid cover, and was always happy opening these pools; just a little hazy, with perfect water balance and zero algae growth - year after year.
So, if you ask me - my preference is the Solid Safety Cover with Cover Pump. More expensive, heavier, requires more cleaning and maintaining a cover pump, but I just love removing these solid covers in the spring to blue and clear water. For me, that makes the extra effort and expense worthwhile. I also appreciate their extra heavy duty PVC reinforced fabric, providing extra resistance to damage from sunlight, animals or heavy tree branches. But most of all, I like the idea that solids aren't washing into the pool during winter, keeping the water lean and light, and preventing pool stains.


text:
Home Phrases Calligraphy Translation Verbs Adjectives Alphabet More
|- Learn Arabic
You will learn in this lesson: body parts in Arabic, Arabic vocabulary and words.
Learn Arabic اللغة العربية
Vocabulary List
- Animals
- Body
- Verbs
- By Alphabet (A-B) (new)
- By Alphabet (C-D) (new)
- By Alphabet (E-F) (new)
This is a list of vocabularies that you need to memorize to improve your Arabic learning, below you will find a table the parts of the body in Arabic, try to memorize as many as you can, because they're very important in daily conversations.
|If you are looking for a more extensive Arabic course, we recommend Breaking The Arabic Code
Speak7 2005-2006 © speak7.com email@example.com
Speak7.com receives advertising revenue from products featured on this website.
All Rights Reserved - Contact Us


text:
Over 60s
Festive Lunch Menu
3 courses £10.99
Available as pre-order only, Monday to Friday at The White Hart for specific times from 13th November to 14th December.
Caramelised Winter Vegetable Soup (v)
With a hint of maple-flavoured syrup, served with bloomer bread
Hand-Carved Roast Turkey
With goose fat roast potatoes, glazed carrots, Brussels sprouts, kale, braised red cabbage, sage & onion stuffing, pig-in-blanket, Yorkshire pudding and gravy
Festive Nut Roast (v)(n)
Butternut squash, sweet potato and cashew nuts, served with roast baby potatoes, Yorkshire pudding, glazed carrots, Brussels sprouts, kale, braised red cabbage and vegetarian gravy
All our puddings are vegetarian
Christmas Pudding*
With brandy sauce
Ice Cream and Sorbet
Choose two scoops of ice cream or fruit sorbet from today's flavours
Also available as a vegan option
View Allergens >
Available to guests aged 60 and over
Full allergen information on the ingredients in the food we serve is available on request – please speak to a team member. Please be aware that all our dishes are prepared in kitchens where nuts and gluten are present, as well as other allergens; therefore, we cannot guarantee that any food item is completely 'free from' traces of allergens.
(v) Suitable for vegetarians. * Dish contains alcohol. (n) Dish contains nuts.
Please advise the team of any dietary requirements before ordering. Poultry dishes may contain bones.
Our menu descriptions do not list all ingredients. All products subject to availability on a site-by-site basis. Management reserves the right to withdraw/change offers (without notice), at any time.
Promoter: Chef & Brewer, Sunrise House, Ninth Avenue, Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire, DE14 3JZ.
All service charges, cash and credit/debit card tips are paid in full to our team members.
- To be eligible to receive a voucher, you must make a booking on one of our Festive menus for a minimum party of four guests. The booking must be made and a deposit paid in full by 11 November 2018.
- £15 gift voucher is valid between 1st September 2018 to 30th November 2018, and from 2nd January to 8th February 2019. Not valid from 1st December 2018 to 1st January 2019 inclusive.
- Photocopies or defaced gift vouchers will not be accepted. Only one gift voucher will be accepted per transaction. No cash alternative.
- The voucher may only be used in a single transaction and no change will be given. Voucher spend must include at least one main meal. Voucher cannot be used against the balance of the Festive booking. Voucher cannot be used against the purchase of gift cards. The voucher cannot be used in conjunction with any other voucher or Greene King employee vouchers including friend & family vouchers.
- The voucher cannot be used in conjunction with other discount vouchers – but can be used against promotion (e.g. daily deals or set menus).
- Greene King reserves the right to withdraw or amend the offer at any time.
- Gift vouchers are not available to Greene King employees or those under 18 years old.
- By submitting your details to receive your voucher, you consent to the collection and processing of your personal data in accordance with the privacy notice here >
- Gift vouchers are redeemable at participating pubs listed here >
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Lisbon, Portuguese Lisboa, city, port, capital of Portugal, and the centre of the Lisbon metropolitan area. Located in western Portugal on the estuary of the Tagus (Tejo) River, it is the westernmost capital city in continental Europe and serves as the country's chief port, largest city, and commercial, political, and tourist centre. The city's name is a modification of the ancient Olisipo (Ulyssipo), and its founding has been attributed to the legacy of Ulysses (Odysseus), the hero of Homer's Odyssey; to Elisha, purported to have been a grandson of the Hebrew patriarch Abraham; and, more credibly, to Phoenician colonists. Lisbon owes its historical prominence to its natural harbour, one of the most beautiful in the world. Area city, 33 square miles (85 square km). Pop. (2001) city, 564,657; metro. area, 2,661,850; (2011) city, 547,733; metro. area, 2,821,876.
Character of the city
Once a remote outpost on what was thought to be the farthest edge of the known world, Lisbon had established itself as a centre of operations for Portuguese exploration by the 15th century. The city centre was destroyed by an earthquake in 1755 but was rebuilt by the marquês de Pombal. This seagirt city of multicoloured houses and elegant parks and gardens is no longer the capital of a vast overseas empire. It has been reconstructed as a bustling modern metropolis. In fact, Lisbon was designated a European City of Culture in 1994, and in 1998 it hosted the World's Fair (Expo '98). That event sparked the city's biggest renewal project since the rebuilding that followed the 1755 earthquake, including the construction of the combined road-rail Vasco da Gama Bridge and other extensive upgrades of the city's transportation infrastructure. The fair also was the primary catalyst for the construction along the Tagus River of an oceanarium, marinas, hotels, commercial complexes, and entertainment venues.
Despite modernization, Lisbon in many ways retains the air of a 19th-century city. The varinas (fish vendors) who roam the streets dressed in long black skirts still carry their wares in baskets on their heads. Vessels tie up at quays where the clang of trolley cars blends with ships' horns. At dawn, fishing boats deposit their catch for noisy auction with Lisbon shop owners while the fish vendors wait to fill the baskets they peddle through the streets. Farther inland the fish market gives way to the equally colourful and clamorous fruit and vegetable market. Lisbon's port maintains an intimacy with its city that was common in the days before steam. Amid the freighters, warships, cruise liners, and ferryboats, a picturesque note is struck by the fragatas of Phoenician origin; these crescent-shaped boats with their striking black hulls and pink sails still perform most of the harbour's lighterage.
The general outlines of the city remain as they have for hundreds of years. Lisbon is still a city of balconies and vistas. Some of the most striking of the latter can be seen from the miradouros, the terraces maintained by the municipality on seven of its hillsides. (Many Lisboetas, as the people of Lisbon are known, profess their city to have seven traditional hills, like Rome.) For centuries Lisboetas have discussed the symptoms of an affliction they believe to be endemic in their city: saudade ("melancholy"), a state of anxiety tempered by fatalism that is said to be reflected in fado ("fate"), the melodic but deeply emotional folk songs that can still be heard in specific restaurants, mainly in the historic quarters of Alfama and Bairro Alto.
City site
The city lies on the north bank of the Tagus River estuary, about 8 miles (13 km) from the river's entrance into the Atlantic Ocean. From the ocean upstream to the city, the river is almost straight and about 2 miles (3 km) wide. It is spanned, on the west side of the city, by the 25th of April Bridge. Just east of the bridge, the Tagus suddenly broadens into a bay 7 miles (11 km) wide called the Mar de Palha ("Sea of Straw") because of the way that it shimmers in the sun. Scenically spectacular, this hill-cradled bay of burnished water lies on a strategic sea route and serves as a busy port, handling much of the trade between Portugal and Spain.
Lisbon is built in a succession of terraces up the slopes of a range of low rolling hills that rise from the banks of the Tagus River and the Mar de Palha northwest toward the Sintra Mountains, whose covering of lush Mediterranean and Atlantic European flora provides an attractive retreat for the city's population. Sections of the city vary considerably in elevation, especially in the older areas along the water's edge, which offer splendid views of the river and the low cliffs that line the river's southern shore. Several geologic faults cross Lisbon and the surrounding region, but, notwithstanding the devastating earthquake of 1755, seismic activity has been limited to slight tremors since the 20th century.
Lisbon has a mild and equable climate, with a mean annual temperature in the low 60s F (about 17 °C). The proximity of the Atlantic Ocean and the influence of the Gulf Stream mediate the weather conditions throughout the year. January, the coldest month, has an average temperature of 50 °F (10 °C), and in August the temperature seldom exceeds 82 °F (28 °C). Average monthly rainfall ranges from 0.1 inch (3 mm) in summer up to about 4 inches (100 mm) in winter.
City layout
It is traditional for poets to refer to the entwining Tagus as Lisbon's lover. The river is indeed an ever-present part of the city's decor, and the official entrance to Lisbon is a broad marble staircase mounting from the water to the vast arcaded Commerce Square (Praça do Comércio). The three landward sides of the square are surrounded by uniform buildings dating from the 18th century. That formal Baroque-inspired layout is pierced by a monumental archway, built a century later, marking the entry north into the central city. In the middle of the square stands a bronze statue of King Joseph I on horseback, an important work by the sculptor Joachim Machado de Castro. Many government offices occupy the buildings that surround Commerce Square.
The square lies at the south end of Lisbon's central district, the Cidade Baixa ("Lower City"). The Baixa was completely rebuilt after the earthquake in 1755 under the supervision of Joseph I's prime minister, Sebastião de Carvalho, later the marquês de Pombal. The streets are laid out in a grid pattern broken by spacious squares. A series of parallel streets, each named for its original intended occupants (e.g., Rua Áurea ["Golden Street"] for the goldsmiths), runs north from Commerce Square to Dom Pedro IV Square, locally known as Rossio Square. Rossio Square is a traditional centre of activity and the starting point of the city's main promenade, the wide, gently sloping Avenida da Liberdade. This treelined boulevard leads north from the city centre to Marquês de Pombal Circle, which features a statue of Pombal. The Baixa remains rigorously protected from change, but the four-story buildings that long lined Avenida da Liberdade and its ancillary streets have been almost totally replaced by taller edifices in a bland modern style.
In the sequence of postearthquake reconstruction, the waterfront's renovation was followed by the rehabilitation of historical districts, such as Castelo, Alfama, Bairro Alto, Mouraria, and Madragoa, and fashionable residential areas, such as Chiado, Lapa, Estrela, and Príncipe Real. In 1988 a fire destroyed part of the city's historic Chiado district, which was rebuilt as a shopping area during the 1990s. Rua Garrett in Chiado is lined with boutiques, silver and porcelain shops, cafés, and bookstores. Peripheral neighbourhoods, such as Ajuda to the west, Rato-Amoreiras to the north, and Graça to the east, were also planned at this time.
Directly east of the Baixa lies Alfama (Arabic: Al-Ḥammah; "Hot Spring"); one of the oldest quarters of the city, it has a blend of Roman and Moorish architecture and narrow streets that crowd between a jumble of houses down to the river. In this area, on the hill where Lisbon was first founded, the Castle of St. George (Castelo de São Jorge) towers over the city. The castle is Moorish in origin and was named for England's patron saint, in honour of an alliance made in 1386 between Portugal and England. Just below it, the austere white church and monastery of St. Vincent guards the remains of the saint, which (according to legend) were miraculously brought to the city in a ship guided by two ravens. To commemorate the event, the birds are depicted on the Lisbon coat of arms.
Also to the east, Chelas and Olivais-Sul, two public housing districts implanted on heathland previously considered too difficult to build upon, provide residence for lower-income families. Despite these government-sponsored projects, adequate housing remains a problem as an influx of immigrants (mainly Africans, eastern Europeans, and Brazilians) has caused a housing deficit.
A number of neighbourhoods extend west of the Baixa toward suburban Belém. Each possesses its own distinctive character, reflecting the epoch in which it was built. The Bairro Alto ("Upper District"), for example, dates primarily from the 16th century. It is characterized by its maze of straight and narrow streets. Some of these streets, especially those leading down to the Baixa, are so steep that they terminate abruptly, giving way to stairs, cable cars, and, in one case, an elevator (the Santa Justa Lift; an iron structure designed by French architect Raoul Mesnier du Ponsard). Just west and north of the heart of Bairro Alto is the Palace of the National Assembly, also known as the Palace of São Bento. Nearby is the official residence of Portugal's prime minister. Farther west, toward Belém, Necessidades Palace houses the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
The Belém Palace, a former royal residence, is the official home of the president of the republic. The Belém area reflects Portugal's maritime past and is known for its Manueline (early 16th-century) architecture, notably the Jerónimos Monastery, founded by Manuel I in 1499, and the Tower of Belém (1515–21; designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983), which was built to defend the city. The Monument to the Discoveries (1960), on the Tagus River, commemorates Portuguese explorers of the 15th and 16th centuries. The Belém-Restelo district, a sumptuous residential area in the western periphery, developed from the 1940s.
To the north, the transition between the city and the suburb is not marked. Vast shopping complexes such as Amoreiras and Colombo, along with residential apartment buildings, stretch north and northwest from the Marquês de Pombal Circle. These modern, colourful, mid-rise structures were designed by Lisbon architects.
Suburban development began to affect the city's character in the second half of the 20th century, when Lisbon lost about half its population because of migration to the periphery. New housing developments replaced manufacturing plants in Greater Lisbon. In the north, near the University of Lisbon campus, two neighbourhoods, Alvalade (which sprouted in the 1940s and 1950s) and Telheiras (which developed from the 1970s to the 1990s), were among the most successful examples of urban planning in the 20th century. Many affluent families moved out of the city to newer gated communities or to villas in Greater Lisbon, mostly to the surrounding regions of Oeiras, Cascais, and Sintra.
Although the Lisbon metropolitan area occupies only about 3 percent of Portugal's total area, more than one-fourth of the country's inhabitants reside there. Lisbon experienced a population surge in the 1970s owing to migration from the country's rural areas as well as the return of Portuguese citizens who had been living in Portugal's African colonies, which attained independence in 1975. Migration rates stabilized in the 1980s. In the mid-1990s, however, Africans, mainly from Cape Verde, were the most populous immigrant group; with a birth rate considerably higher than the national average, they contributed to a renewed growth of the population.
At the beginning of the 21st century, the foreign population accounted for about one-tenth of Lisbon residents. In addition to those from Cape Verde, immigrants arrived from Brazil, Angola, Guinea-Bissau, and various European countries. There are also smaller South Asian communities in the city proper and metropolitan area. Although this migratory current has put a strain on the city's resources, Lisbon's mixed population has transformed the city into a cosmopolitan and dynamic metropolis.
Lisbon's economy has historically been based on the fishing industry. Since the 1970s other industries have migrated from the Baixa to other locales in the metropolitan area. Following the 1975 revolution, Lisbon's heavy industries were nationalized. By the 1980s they had been reprivatized, with multinational companies dominating the technology and pharmaceutical industries. Since the 1990s services have become the dominant economic activity of Lisbon.
Heavy industry (i.e., shipbuilding, steelworks, and oil refining) has become obsolete; however, plants were modernized to produce automotive parts, chemicals, electronics, tobacco, paper, and foodstuffs. Since the 1990s, foreign-owned automotive assembly and food production plants have opened in newly constructed industrial centres in the metropolitan area. Traditional industries such as cork and textiles have maintained their competitiveness through technological innovation, however.
Finance and other services
Service activities dominate the Lisbon economy, employing more than three-fourths of the labour force. Tourism and commerce have played a major part in Lisbon's modernization, and revenues from tourism have helped offset usually negative national trade balances. The 1998 World's Fair and the impressive waterfront renovation have contributed significantly to a new image of Lisbon. The fair sparked a radical renewal of the most derelict areas of the city. Slaughterhouses, waste treatment centres, and oil refineries have given way to recreational and health centres, museums, hotels, and new housing. Lisbon's temperate climate, nearby beaches, castles, and historic districts attract a significant number of tourists each year, and the city is a popular port of call for cruise ships. Several foreign bank branches operate in the city. Since Portugal's entrance into the European Economic Community (later succeeded by the European Union) in 1986, there has been an increase in the number of foreign financial institutions and corporations in Lisbon. Large retail outlets and department stores have opened in the Baixa and on the periphery of the Lisbon city centre.
Lisbon is connected by rail and road to the interior of Portugal and to the rest of Europe. The 1.5-mile- (2.4-km-) long 25th of April Bridge, one of the longest suspension bridges in western Europe, has served as the main roadway into the city since it was built in the mid-1960s. Inaugurated in 1998, just in time for the World's Fair, the cable-stayed, combined-purpose Vasco da Gama Bridge, connecting Lisbon and the eastern portion of the metropolitan area to the southern shore, relieved traffic congestion on the 25th of April Bridge and provided additional rail access. A number of other public- and private-funded improvements to the city's transportation infrastructure were undertaken in the1990s in preparation for the fair. Notably, a new subway line was added to the system whose first route opened in 1959, and the trolley system in the historic district that primarily served tourists was refurbished and expanded. Also expanded and modernized was the airport at Portela de Sacavém, some 6 miles (10 km) northeast of the city centre, which offers flights to Europe, the Americas, and Africa. The construction of new highways and underground parking lots increased automobile usage, however, and the abundance of cars increased traffic and pollution in the city.
Administration and society
As the capital of Portugal, Lisbon and its surrounding suburbs house all of the country's principal government institutions. Lisbon is divided administratively into concelhos (municipalities). The municipalities are further divided into bairros (wards) and freguesias (parishes). Representatives to parish assemblies are chosen through local elections for four-year terms. They then elect an executive body, the parish committee. Lisbon's municipal assembly consists of representatives chosen by their parish committees and members directly elected by the local citizens. It serves as the legislative branch of local government and elects the executive branch, the municipal council and the mayor. The municipalities of Lisbon city and its metropolitan area constitute the distrito (district) of Lisbon, which is headed by a civil governor, who is appointed by and responsible to the central government through the minister of the interior.
As a major urban centre, Lisbon has a higher percentage of doctors and other health professionals than the rest of Portugal. The city's hospitals include state, private, and military establishments. Since the 1990s, efforts have been made to modernize the city's public hospitals, and branches of larger hospitals have opened in other areas of the city.
Officially, education in Portugal is free and compulsory for children ages 6 through 15. In addition to public schools, Lisbon has many private schools, including American, French, German, Spanish, and Swedish schools.The medieval University of Lisbon was founded in 1288 and remained Portugal's only university until the 16th century. It moved back and forth between Lisbon and Coimbra several times before settling in Lisbon from 1377 to 1537, when it permanently relocated to Coimbra and took the name of that city. Thus, the capital was left without a university until 1911, when the University of Lisbon was restored. The Technical University of Lisbon was founded in 1930, and the New University of Lisbon opened in the city during the 1970s. The Catholic University of Portugal was established under the tutelage of the Roman Catholic Church in 1968. Lisbon also has a large number of specialized colleges and polytechnic institutes. Prior to the 1974 coup in Portugal, university education was restricted to the elite. Not until the 1990s did the number of university applicants increase, and then, after a brief flourishing of private universities, student applications decreased again in the 2000s. Many Portuguese students have chosen to study abroad, especially in the United Kingdom, while a number of new immigrants have opted to enter the workforce rather than pursue higher education.
Cultural life
Lisbon's rich cultural life was further enhanced in the 1990s by the city's preparations for hosting the World's Fair, including the construction of the Belém Cultural Centre (1992), which offers visual and performing arts and houses exhibits, an auditorium, and an arts complex. It is but one component of the city's network of cultural centres, public libraries, and research institutes. Another prominent cultural institution, the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation and Museum, presents music and ballet, exhibits other fine arts, and displays the broad-ranging personal collection of its eponymous benefactor, an Armenian oil-lease negotiator who lived in Lisbon from 1942 until his death in 1955. Culturgest, a multifunctional auditorium and exhibition centre, opened in Lisbon in the early 2000s.
The city has many other museums, including those dedicated to modern, antique, sacred, decorative, and folk arts. Two specialized, rather unusual museums are the Azulejo Museum and the National Museum of Coaches. The former, located in the convent of Madre de Deus, boasts a large and varied collection of the painted tiles (azulejos) for which the Iberian Peninsula is famous. The National Museum of Coaches occupies a wing of the Portuguese president's official residence and contains an impressive display of carved and gilded coaches.
Lisbon's municipal orchestra was founded in 1971. The city is also the site of the National Conservatory, which offers advanced instruction in both music and drama. The St. Charles and the National Theatre of Dona Maria II are Lisbon's two principal theatres. The former, which was constructed in the late 18th century, has a beautiful elliptical interior, and the latter, which was built about 1845, displays a facade of six giant columns saved from the convent church of St. Francisco, which was destroyed by an earthquake. The interior, gutted by fire in 1966, has been restored.
Neither of these edifices is as theatrical as the interiors of some of the churches built or restored after the 1755 earthquake. In gold, marble, carved wood, and rare tiles, these interiors are decorated in Baroque, Rococo, or rocaille style. One outstanding example is the 16th-century church of St. Roque, whose unpretentious exterior belies its opulent collection of painted tiles, paintings, and mosaics inlaid with semiprecious stones.
The city's old redbrick bullring, Campo Pequeno, with its Moorish arches and cupolas, draws natives and tourists alike to witness the Portuguese manner of bullfighting. Campo Pequeno reopened in 2006 after a major renovation, which included the addition of a shopping mall, a cinema, restaurants, and a supermarket.
Lisbon is distinguished as one of the few places in the world whose chief Roman Catholic clergyman bears the title of patriarch. However, Lisboetas are typically less devout than the northern Portuguese and attend church mainly for rites such as christenings, weddings, and funerals. Religious processions are generally subdued affairs, without the colour and the drama found in Spain. The June feasts of the popular saints (St. Anthony, St. John, and St. Peter) are exceptions. Lisboetas celebrate them by donning imaginative costumes, jumping over bonfires, and dancing in the streets until dawn. Indeed, these lively events, held in the city's historical districts, retain all the pagan elements of a midsummer festival.
Lisbon has several sports and recreational areas. Many of the housing developments are planted with trees and grass, their small parks adding to Lisbon's collection of dozens of public gardens. The largest public park, Monsanto, covers about 3.5 square miles (9 square km) and has numerous recreational facilities. Rolling hills planted from the 1930s provide a windbreak for the city and are now thickly forested. There are also botanical gardens and a zoo within the city. Football (soccer) is very popular in Portugal, and two of the country's most prominent teams call Lisbon home: Benfica and Sporting Clube de Portugal.


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*注:有关美国电话的历史和数据,我要感谢Ammon Shea所著的《电话簿》一书。这本书非常有趣,也很具有观赏性,是由企鹅出版集团Perigree Book出版社于2010年出版的。
The Origins of "Electric Speech"
TIME Magazine and Qualcomm conducted an international survey of 5,000 mixed age and income consumers in eight countries earlier this year, focusing on mobile technology usage and attitudes.
The survey is interesting, not so much because it emphatically confirms that dependency on mobile communications is now a global phenomenon, but in the way it profiles the different ways in which consumers in various countries value and use their mobile devices.
There are some broad similarities cutting across all 8 countries surveyed: China, India, Brazil, Korea, the U.S., the U.K., South Africa and South Korea.
One example: three-quarters of all 25-to-29-year-olds sleep with their phones. (Obviously none of these folks are old enough to have seen the early brick-sized models of mobile phones, which would have made a very uncomfortable sleeping partner.)
Another example of common attitudes in all 8 countries: one third of all respondents report feelings of anxiety if separated from their mobile for even a short period of time.
There are of course differences from one country to another. Chinese consumers came in strongest of all 8 nations in agreeing that mobile technology has improved life in their country in general; given them access to a larger group of potential customers; made it easier for them to access information to maintain their family's health; and also distracted them at times when their children were ready to play.
Chinese respondents also topped the response rates in frequency of using their mobile device to browse the internet, read news, search the web, and check the weather.
TIME's comment on the overall findings:
"When asked how wireless mobile technology had changed their lives, people most often said it had brought them into closer contact with friends or family and had helped them be better informed about current events."
It's interesting to reflect on the fact that in 1876, when Alexander Graham Bell received U.S. Patent #174465 on the telephone he had invented, there was widespread doubt and skepticism about the device's usefulness. *
The United States was celebrating its 100th birthday, and the 1876 Centennial Exhibition (later renamed the World's Fair) was held in the U.S. for the first time that year. The memory of the U.S. Civil war was still fresh in peoples' minds, and America was beginning the transition into the age of electricity.
Bell debated whether or not to exhibit his new telephone at the Centennial Exhibition. Finally he decided to join, and obtained a small display table under a stairwell to show off his newfangled device. Eventually he was granted a better location.
Press reports in the U.S. and overseas were initially skeptical and even scornful. The London Times was dismissive and gave scientific arguments for why speech could not be transmitted over a wire.
Nonetheless, by early 1880, there were 30,000 telephone subscribers in the U.S., which had a population of about 46 million at the time. Subscriber numbers grew steadily to reach 160,000 by 1888.
In other words, within about 5 years of Bell's launch of the telephone, more and more observers began waxing eloquent on the great new potential uses of this device. Skeptics and doubters remained, but as a vocal minority.
The first American President to have a telephone on his desk was Herbert Hoover, in 1929. This presidential telephone number was listed in the Washington directory as: # 1.
Today nearly 9 out of 10 Americans have a mobile phone. In Hong Kong, mobile penetration is higher than 1 device per person.
As TIME points out in its article on the survey results, a typical smart phone today is packed with more computing power than Apollo 11 when it landed a man on the moon.
This is mind-boggling in itself, but all the more so now as that computing power is put to work on an ever-growing array of applications including smart payments, social networking, airline check-in, voter registration, texting charity donations, mobile games, GPS apps, cameras, location-based ads, video chat, etc.
In the greater span of human history, the 136 years since Bell got his patent on the telephone isn't a very long stretch of time. Just as it wasn't humanly possible for Bell to imagine the full impact of his invention on society, it's nearly impossible for us now to imagine what life would be like without it.
I, for one, am grateful to have had the experience of making many telephone calls involving one or more human telephone operators, in one case involving an old rotary crank telephone handset. I have sent and received telegrams and telexes, as well as faxes; so I fully appreciate the progress we've made.
I hasten to add that at no time, past or present, have I ever had even the slightest desire to sleep with a telephone.
*for facts and figures on the history of the telephone in the U.S., I am indebted to Ammon Shea's "The Phone Book", a very interesting and entertaining volume. A Perigree Book, published by Penguin Group in 2010.
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《"电话"溯源 / The Origins of "Electric Speech"》上有 89 条评论
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