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Foresight Archives
|Life\Repair Time
|1 Hour
|10 Hours
|100 Hours
|1 Month (30 days)
|1 Year (356 days)
|10 Years (3562 days)
On-board repair can dramatically extend total system life beyond what is feasible with simple redundancy. Very long life depends on having a very low probability of failure for the remaining manufacturing or infrastructure subsystems, during the period it takes to rebuild and reinstall a failed subsystem.
One of the most general concepts of the logical core architecture is "surge" performance. By using on-board manufacturing, large amounts of physical hardware to fully accomplish some function can be built, creating a significant temporary increase in the system's ability to perform that function.
To illustrate surge potential, the simplest case is used, of a subsystem with capacity related linearly to subsystem mass. To help make the idea concrete, the function of computation of a problem of known computational demand, running an algorithm that implicitly is massively parallelizable, is shown.
Equations of the form below are applicable to any function where capacity equals subsystem mass. This general approach of surging capacity to provide extra capacity at certain times in a mission can be used for many other purposes. In many cases, the relationship between system mass and system performance will be non-linear, even step functions in some cases, and equations of surge function equivalent to those below will have significantly different form.
Assume a computer of power (instructions per second) ofCg, and a problem of estimated size P (instructions). The estimated run time is merely:
The general manufacturing available in the logical core architecture and other potential MNT-based systems, however, can be used to build additional computer power. If there is G general manufacturing capacity (in mass of product per unit time), used to produce more general computing power as a density of instructions per second per gram, and taking a period of Tcycle from start until the first manufacturing is complete, then the period to solve a problem of size P can be estimated as:
For ..,
or .. ..for ..
If P>>Tcycle x Cg, then there is a strong incentive to build significant additional computational capacity to help solve the problem. If building additional computational capacity to solve a particular problem, however, then it makes sense to build special-purpose computers to particularly solve the problem. While the details vary by problem, [Moravec, 1988] suggests that a 1000-1 advantage with special purpose computation is a reasonable rule of thumb.
Assume, therefore, that the additional computational capacity built is special purpose, with the ability to perform an equivalent number of instructions per second per gram on this problem of s. (This probably represents a smaller number of instructions per second, but significantly more powerful instructions.) Estimating Trun only requires replacing in equation (12) above with s:
For ..,
or . ..for ...
The strategy embodied in equation (13) is to begin working on the problem, and meanwhile devote the fabrication capacity fully to building further computational capacity, which begins to contribute to the calculations as soon as it is built. The result is a linear increase in computational capacity with time, and a parabolic increase in computations over time.
Within an MNT-based system such as the logical core architecture, the manufacturing can be used to surge the amount of any subsystem. This includes manufacturing itself. By first building more manufacturing capacity, and only after some exponential buildup then building more computational capacity, the time to complete some very large problems can be greatly reduced. Let Tcyclem be the period it takes for a level of manufacturing to build the equivalent additional capacity. Let Tbuildm be the period spent building up manufacturing capacity before switching over to building computational capacity. The problem size, P, that is solved in time Trun, is then approximately:
For ..
The actual function of productive capacity with time, buried within the second term of (14), may be stepwise discontinuous, but for small enough steps (which seem reasonable for large systems built using molecular nanotechnology) the continuous exponential growth implied in (14) is a reasonable approximation.
Since the specialized computation expressed by s is more productive than the general purpose computation expressed as Cg, and furthermore, when solving large problems the produced computational equipment will greatly exceed the pre-existing computational equipment, the first term in (14) is small for large problems. Dropping that term allows an analytic solution to the optimum Tbuild:
Substituting that term into (14) and solving for Trun gives an estimate for the run time using this build then solve strategy, as a function of problem size:
With an algorithm based on building additional computing capability, however, and especially when the algorithm relies on exponential growth, there is a real danger of overgrowing available resources for building the computers before being able to follow a plan for a very large computation. This can be addressed by setting a total mass, Mbudget, available for use. Assume for simplicity that this mass is directly interchangeable between manufacturing and computers. This means that equation (16) remains valid as long as
This now raises an interesting question. If the desired surge manufacturing and computational capacity to solve a problem exceeds the mass budget, how should the budget be partitioned over time between manufacturing and computation? For somewhat oversized problems, the likely strategy is to build less manufacturing capacity and spend a longer time building computational capacity, but to build a higher total of computational capacity by using more of the total Mbudget. In this approach, the amount of additional built computational capacity is:
and the time then spent building that capacity is:
A more detailed model would also consider disassembly capacity. Once the entire Mbudget is expended, the surge manufacturing capability would be disassembled, and converted into further computational capacity. For very large problems, the time to surge computation will be small compared to the total run time, and thus Trun can be approximated as:
While this introduction assumed a simple model of problem computability, actual approaches must be algorithm-specific, depending on the problem to be solved. Additional computational mass will be most useful in running purely parallel algorithms. Inherently sequential problems may have algorithm elements, such as pivoting a large matrix, that can be accelerated with special-purpose hardware, but that will be sized to the problem and may not provide any further benefit with further size.
Furthermore, this analysis has assumed that the algorithmic run size of a problem is known. In general it is not known ahead of time how long an algorithm must run before it stops. In these cases a mixed strategy of building additional computational capacity and additional fabrication capacity in parallel may be the best strategy. In addition, there are trade-offs between algorithms, and between specialized computational devices and general computational devices across the span of computations during the mission. Special purpose hardware that seems likely to be used again soon should not be disassembled at the end of the calculation. An agoric system [Miller & Drexler, 1988] may be the most reasonable way to handle these complexities.
Similar calculations can be made for power estimates. Indeed, the power (and cooling) budget is likely to often be more restrictive to computational capacity than the mass budget.
While this analysis did not consider the details of the feedstock mass and how it supported the possible manufacturing and computer components, that also must be properly handled in a working system. In physical surging there is always a trade-off between storing more elemental, widely usable feedstocks such as small, simple molecules, and storing more specialized units that can be rapidly combined for functional purposes, such as prefabricated logic units.
Even for mass fully dedicated to a built computer, some mechanical rearrangement for specific computations may be promising. A mechano-electric computer could involve the mechanical arrangement or rearrangement of pre-defined logic units, creating a special-purpose electric computer for the problem at hand much quickly than building it entirely from scratch, for a process nearly as fast as having the special purpose computer already on hand. Quantum computing, where the algorithm depends finely on the physical structure, may be particularly well suited to this hybrid approach.
Particular instantiations of the logical core architecture will have their own physical framework. Many different physical styles can be imagined, but, with the ability to create stable scaffolding, it should be possible to move between radically different physical styles over the course of a mission.
For example, imagine a system physically comprised of a modular space frame and various subsystems attached to the space frame as "boxes," including attached computers, molecular manufacturing systems similar to the exemplar architecture in chapter 14 of [Drexler, 1992a], disassemblers, storage tanks, external sensors, solar panels, cooling panels, engines, etc. Pipes and cables could run along the frame, or in conduit within the frame. Locomotion within the system can be tracked, frame-walking, or both.
A radical physical change would be into a cloud of utility fog [Hall, 1996], a cloud of small, discrete, inter-grasping units, plus some additional items in the cloud that perform logical core architecture functions that pure utility fog omits. To begin, the space frame system begins disassembling its least necessary components into raw material, while simultaneously producing utility foglets. Software for those foglets are loaded from the Archive, and over time the contents of the space frame archive are copied into the growing mass of data storage spread across the foglet computers. The foglets link, holding to each other, while some attach to what will be the last bit of the old space frame system. The foglets also distribute power and communications through and across their cloud. Initially, the space frame equipment moves parts to the space frame's disassembler, but at some point in the process, the utility fog can take over the task of transporting elements to the disassembler. Since foglets cannot perform general fabrication or fine disassembly, special subsystems designed to perform these functions, and embed in the utility fog, must also be produced. Tiny amounts of material storage can be provided by each foglet. If the total mass contains too much of some element(s) to be fully stored across the foglets, then special-purpose storage containers will also have to be included in the cloud.
The end is a cloud of utility fog, with some general manufacturing device(s), some foglet disassembly device(s), able to disassemble even damaged foglets, and possibly some foglet repair devices embedded in the cloud.
There are many possible frameworks, and corresponding examples of potential transformations between frameworks.
The system may go through mission phases where there is very little the system can or should do. For example, if riding a long-period comet, the system may wish to shut-down for the long time when it is far from the sun.
The system could hibernate during these times, go to near or zero operations and zero power for an extended period, and later restart. To restart, the system must either continue some function at a low trickle-power level, such as a clock or observing for restart conditions, or it must be actively restarted by its environment.
Before simply shutting down, the system may want to surge Data Storage, reducing nearly everything to data. After hibernation, the system would reboot from the Archive. This might be a useful technique when crossing interstellar space near the speed of light, and thus experiencing a massive radiation load for a fixed period of time. Since the system is not reviewing and correcting the Archive data, it will eventually degrade beyond recovery, setting a limit on how long the system can hibernate. To maximize potential hibernation time, the data should be in encoded into a stable media, using error-correcting code. Since computational capacity can be surged after hibernation, the error correcting code should use context heavy redundancy, rather than simple data repetition.
Three example multi-phase space mission profiles, illustrating different capabilities, are presented. They are asteroid settlement, Martian terraforming, and an interstellar seed. Each is described narratively.
Start by launching the system conventionally from Earth. Once beyond the atmosphere, the system reconfigures so that most of the mass is dedicated to solar power and ion engines. This will allow propulsion with very high specific impulse and high acceleration [Drexler, 1992b], allowing the system to quickly reach any asteroid in the solar system. Travel to a carbonaceous asteroid. Once there, begin excavating the asteroid, using the mass to build up extractive and processing capability. The system then grows to consume the mass of the asteroid. This larger system can now be put to many purposes.
For example, if 10% of a 1 km diameter asteroid orbiting at 2.4 AU is converted into the equivalent of a 1 micron thick sheet of solar panels, computers and cooling, then the structure can present an area of 5.2 x 107 square km to the sun, and should be able to generate roughly 1041 bits of computation per second, if not more with aggressive use of reversible computation. Note that this physical layout is compatible with the reversible 3-D mesh structure that Frank considers "an optimal physically-realistic model for scalable computers."[Frank, 1997] Using the estimates in [Moravec, 1988], this is computationally equivalent to roughly the total brain power of 1026 people, which significantly exceeds the 1.4 x 1016 people that Lewis estimates could be supported as biological inhabitants on the resources of the main belt asteroids [Lewis, 1997]. Even with significant software inefficiencies, such capacity could quickly perform large amounts of automated engineering (as defined in [Drexler, 1986a]). An option is to surge the computers, develop a number of designs, save those in compact form in the Archive, and then disassemble most of this computer for other purposes.
Whether or not this quantity of pre-computation is useful, the system eventually reconfigures itself into a settlement, along the ideas of O'Neill [O'Neill, 1974], [O'Neill, 1976], [Johnson, 1977], [McKendree, 1996]. It would be convenient for the settlement to be arranged so that its rotational axis is parallel to its orbital axis. One advantage is that the system could then grow cables and provide momentum transfer for solar system traffic to, from, and through this logical core architecture system.
Over long periods of time, the system might use solar sailing to put it in a more favorable orbit. This could be less inclined to the plane of the ecliptic, to ease travel with the rest of the solar system. It could be more inclined to the plane of the ecliptic, if there is contention for solar output. It would probably be more circular, to regularize the received solar flux, and perhaps closer to the sun, to increase the density of solar flux. Finally, it would be managed to avoid collisions.
Launch the system from Earth. Once above the atmosphere, it reconfigures itself, dedicating much of the system mass to solar sails; using MNT these can have significant capabilities [Drexler, 1992b], [McKendree, 1997]. This allows the vehicle to transit to Mars. On approach the system builds an aerobrake, and is captured into a polar orbit by the Martian atmosphere. The system then converts the bulk of its mass into a large aperture mass spectrometer, to map the elemental composition of Mars in detail. The system might abort its mission at this point, notifying Earth and waiting for instructions for a new mission, if it does not find suitable conditions to continue, such as adequate water.
Assuming the system continues, it then selects one or more promising landing sites, and reconfigure itself into one or more atmospheric entry capsules that land on the surface. Building up from local resources, the system grows itself into an assembly of inflatable cells that cover the Martian surface with a thin plastic canopy holding a growing atmosphere, as in [Morgan, 1994]. This allows terraforming Mars while supporting early shirtsleeve habitability.
This mission profile uses a number of different platforms, which need not, but could be, implemented using the logical core architecture.
Launch a system from Earth, which then travels to a Uranus and enters its atmosphere. The system configures itself into a balloon structure floating in the atmosphere, mines He3 from the atmosphere, and ultimately rockets out with a payload of liquefied He3, as sketched in chapter 13 of [Lewis, 1996].
One approach for the next step is to divide into several daughter systems at this point, and each travel to one of several different asteroids. For subsequent reasons, this should include at least one main-belt asteroid, potentially a trojan asteroid, at least one Kuiper-belt asteroid, and possibly a long-period comet, if one can be found in an appropriate orbit. Indeed, it might be helpful if every asteroid selected were an extinct comet, as it should contain significant quantities of hydrogen. Bootstrap the system at each location using each asteroid's resources.
Launch another system from Earth, which transforms the majority of its mass into a solar sail. That solar sail decelerates, falling close towards the sun, and then accelerates strongly during and after its solar fly-by.
Use the asteroids as bases to beam acceleration to the outgoing vehicle. Many schemes are possible. The one suggested here is to shine lasers from each asteroid, powered by H-He3 fusion, towards the departing system's solar sail similar to [Forward, 1984].
The vehicle travels outside the solar system, accelerating to a significant fraction of the speed of light on a trajectory to a nearby solar system. Once accelerated, it reconfigures itself, converting the significant mass fraction of the solar sail into shielding against the radiation bombardment of the vehicle as it travels at high speed through the interstellar medium. The system hibernates, with the archive in a highly recoverable data redundancy. Most of the Archive should be so structured from the beginning.
Later in its flight, the system reactivates, and reconfigures itself into a magsail [Zubrin & Andrews, 1991], a superconducting loop of current that generates thrust by deflecting the charged particles in space. This allows the vehicle to slow down, and incidentally extracting energy (which thus allows the system to resume maintenance functions). The system may release probes before fully slowing down, which would fly through the target system gathering data for broadcast back to the main system, and use that information to prepare for arrival. The system arrives at the target star system, surveys it, and travels to a small body, probably similar to a carbonaceous asteroid or a comet.
Once there the system bootstraps itself from the local resources. It then builds a receiver, and listens for data and instructions to update its mission plan. Meanwhile, it may send daughter systems to other small bodies, and bootstrap local capabilities significantly. Subsequent potential actions include building up information and products based on received instructions, possibly building local settlements, and building daughter seeds and sending them on to further star systems.
The "seed" that crosses the interstellar space may well mass significantly less than a human being, and nonetheless be able to support the transmission of significant numbers of humans, from their information content transporting across the interstellar divide [Reupke, 1992], by bootstrapping to equipment that receives and assembles them.
This is similar to the Freitas strategy for galactic exploration [Freitas, 1980]. Beyond the technical details of implementation, the major difference is that the Freitas probes were meant to be search probes, with fixed programming replicated across the galaxy, whereas in this mission each vehicle arrives as the first step in creating a local homestead, fully benefiting from the resources of each system and creating a space faring civilization of communicating, settled solar systems. Inhabited civilization closely follows the frontier, and over time can refine the programming of the leading edge probes.
A logical core architecture system is similar to a computer, in that it has the intrinsic capability for a tremendous range of function beyond any particular preplanned functions specifically intended for a given mission. Thus, when confronted by an unplanned challenge, the logical core architecture may be able to take action outside its original mission scope to adequately respond to the challenge. This could involve producing novel components for its interface layer, beyond what is simply catalogued in the Archive, or even reconfiguring the system to implement some novel tactic.
Given sufficient advances in automated engineering [Drexler, 1986a], novel components for the interface layer could be designed by the system, in response to the challenge, and even more radical responses might be autonomously derivable.
These mission profiles have been described above as if they ran entirely autonomously, without human intervention. While such a capability may be desirable, especially for interstellar missions, it will often be unnecessary, and adds to the technical challenge. In many cases, the missions could run under manned mission control.
When doing so, the data archive effectively includes all the data and software that mission control has or can generate. JPL has demonstrated massive reprogramming of vehicles in space, and in concert with logical core architecture vehicles a highly skilled mission control could achieve significant results at a distance.
Also, the interface layer could provide life support, allowing the vehicle to be manned, and under local control.
For all the above operations, the purpose of the system is ultimately implemented by the interface layer, with the inner layers merely providing the support necessary for the system to survive and implement its interface layer. Another potential purpose for a logical core architecture system, however, is the maintenance, or the operational continuity, of particular information held within the logical core. The interface layer then implements a subsidiary purpose, survival within the environment of the system.
This purpose could be applied to many elements of information that are valued. To take an extreme, the idea has been suggested [Moravec, 1988], [Minsky, 1994] that the total informational content of a human's mental processes could be abstracted from their biological substrate, and implemented in computers. Estimates for the necessary computational power [Moravec, 1988], [Merkle 1989], fall well below the 1015 MIPS Drexler conservatively estimates [Drexler, 1992a] is feasible for an MNT-based mechanical computing system, let alone more advanced computers MNT may enable [Merkle & Drexler, 1996].
Note, if maintenance or the operational continuity of an uploaded mental system is a desired purpose, then one should also consider the costs and benefits of multiple dispersed copies.
The definition of the logical core architecture sets the framework for many open questions. Entire flowdowns of increasingly detailed designs remain. Indeed, since systems should be able to reconfigure between radically different physical implementations of the logical core architecture, a range of different versions needs to be designed.
[McKendree, 1996] discusses how to grapple with the potential of the future through a hierarchy of technology, system designs, operational concepts, and grand strategy. As various implementations of the logical core architecture are developed, we need corresponding operational concepts, describing how those approaches would execute desirable missions. Validation of those operational concepts by analysis should then prompt thinking about the sorts of strategies such systems enable or require.
Two specific questions raised by the architecture include, what is the minimal system mass to implement a logical core architecture system, and does a robot bush [Moravec, 1988] contain sufficient intrinsic capability such that it is an implementation of the logical core architecture?
In the stepwise refinement [Rechtin & Maier, 1997] of this architecture, general operating policy questions loom large. Surge performance with time remains to be derived for various non-linear functions of performance with subsystem mass. Beyond replacement on failure, the maintenance policy must investigate scheduled replacement, which can be very powerful when using subsystems with failure rates that increase with time, like the exemplar architecture in [Drexler, 1992a].
Design remains for efficient computation algorithms that integrate the potential for surge computation and surge data caching. Heuristics for good practice, let alone optimal algorithms, are unclear. Algorithms should be examined that use in-progress fabrication of selectable special-purpose manufacturing capacity. For example, the simple model presented in 4.2 only works when the same special-purpose computational devices are useful throughout the run of the algorithm, whereas the utility of a particular piece of computational hardware may not be evident until partially through an algorithm. Furthermore, some computational devices will scale in an algorithm, whereas other devices (e.g., a device to invert an array sized to the problem in one clock cycle) may have no utility until a large increment of computational hardware is complete.
There are many operationally trade-offs that are expressions of the general trade-off between using less efficient general purpose equipment, and carrying various amounts more efficient special purpose equipment. These trade-offs become more complicated when also considering the possibility of surging various capacities. It requires balancing mass budgets and different quantities of various equipment, along with power and response timelines, and still leaves the question of balancing between short-term use of specialized equipment versus potential reuse of more generalized equipment.
If uploading is possible, and uploading into a logical core architecture is desirable, then an open policy question is "would it be preferable to devote one Logical Core Architecture system each to one upload, or to host a colony of uploads within one system?"
Looking more generally at the field of MNT-based system design, new functions require definition of new performance metrics. Many forms of performance have standard metrics, such as resistance which measures ability to carrying current, yield stress which measures a material's ability to carrying force, capacitance which measures ability to store charge, maximum velocity, vehicle range, and for estimating computing speed, instructions per second. An important category of MNT-based performance is "morphability," the ability of the system to reconfigure itself, but there are no standardized metrics defined for this. Many different polymorphic systems are possible, and metrics are needed to quantify them. More than one metric may be required. Issues that should be addressed include how quickly can the system change form, how many different forms can the system change between, and how different in dimension, characteristic and function are the forms the system can change between. At least some metrics should integrate across forms, to consider, for example, a system that can quickly change amongst a small set of forms and that can more slowly change amongst a wider set of forms.
Given a capability for fairly general purpose manufacturing and of disassembly, as molecular nanotechnology promises, along with sufficient control, and systems with a logical core architecture are feasible. This four-layer architecture is defined. It maintains a purely informational center, hosts that and other core system functions in replaceable and radically re configurable hardware, is able to surge the capacity of any core function, and interacts with its environment though instantiated components from a potentially vast set of virtual components. The architecture offers the potential of long-life through remanufacture of subsystems. It is "a pile of atoms. And when you want something else, it rearranges itself into another pile of atoms" [Merkle, 1994].
The logical core architecture forms a basis for developing system concepts that exploit the particular capabilities of MNT. As such, it provides another step to help in thinking about the future that will be unfold from the development of MNT.
Finally, this architecture is applicable for purposes well beyond space operations.
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Cy Young winner Dickey to headline Forehand & Friends lunch
NASHVILLE, Tenn. – Lipscomb head baseball coach Jeff Forehand is excited to announce that Toronto Blue Jays starting pitcher R.A. Dickey will be the special guest at next week's "Forehand and Friends" luncheon.
The event is scheduled for Wednesday, Jan. 8 at 11:30 a.m. in the Hall of Fame Room of Allen Arena. Cost is $10 including lunch. RSVP via email to firstname.lastname@example.com
The winner of the 2012 National League Cy Young Award, Dickey has spent 11 seasons in Major League Baseball and is known for his signature knuckleball. The Nashville native is also heavily involved in mission work around the globe.
Help spread the word by sharing and inviting on the Facebook event page: https://www.facebook.com/events/411377435660975/

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versión On-line ISSN 2309-8392
versión impresa ISSN 0018-229X
CHRISTOPHER, A.J.. The Union of South Africa censuses 1911-1960: an incomplete record. Historia [online]. 2011, vol.56, n.2, pp.01-18. ISSN 2309-8392.
ABSTRACT Censuses represent a major government enterprise to gather useful information on the population of the country to assist in the administration. The establishment of the Union of South Africa required the creation of a new integrated census system. Initially colonial precedents were followed, but distinctive features, most notably the racial bias in statistical collection and reporting, intruded. The two World Wars and the depression also negatively impacted upon the conduct of the censuses and the tabulation and publication of the results. Indeed, four of the ten Union censuses only described the White population in the country, while substantial sets of collected data were never tabulated and published. Moreover, after the first census in 1911, different questionnaires were supplied to various racial groups and most of the statistics tabulated for the majority of the population were relegated to brief separate reports or summary tables, following the White figures. The censuses therefore failed to gather and present comprehensive and comparable information upon the entire population, leading to significant gaps in the statistical record in the Union period.
Palabras clave : South Africa; Commonwealth; dominion; administration; delimitation; classification; tabulation; census; questionnaires; information; statistics; population; demography; identity; race; religion; nation; nationality; ages; occupations.


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I tend to get caught in bubbles. Metaphorical bubbles, that is.
Growing up in a suburban town in central Ohio and moving to Middlebury after high school, I am attracted to the sense of comfort that small towns provide. The familiar faces, streets and foods are among the many things that contribute to this feeling of ease.
More often than not, these small towns that I have grown to love are protection for many. Consistency and reliability allow us to rest within our comfort zones.


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About Atlanta Clover Restaurant
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About Atlanta Clover Restaurant


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Crisis: Gasline needs support and now
City officials call on Valdez citizens in its fight for LNG line
The war of words between city officials in Valdez and Alaska House leaders in Juneau over natural gas development has moved to Facebook.
The latest disagreement between the two erupted last Thursday when Republican leaders in the Alaska House posted negative statements on its Facebook page regarding the city's media campaign against HB4.
The AK House Majority said this in its post "An advertising push is being made by the City of Valdez against the Alaska Stand Alone Pipeline project and Rep. Mike Hawker and Speaker Mike Chenault's House Bill 4. Here's the ASAP Project page. Click over and get informed on the only real project moving forward to bring Alaska's gas to Alaskans."
City officials called the ASAP project page and its information "short sighted and pessimistic" in a prepared statement issued by Taylor Bickford, of Strategies 360.
"The City of Valdez is disappointed with the House Majority's misleading statement. The fact is, the Governor, and major producers along with TransCanada, have already had a successful open season that justifies moving forward with a large-volume gas line to tidewater capable of selling our gas to hungry markets abroad," Bickford's statement, which was attributed to Valdez mayor Dave Cobb, said. "Governor Parnell's Alaska Pipeline Project has completed preliminary engineering work, and received market interest greater than twice the capacity of the project. Hundreds of millions of dollars and over a million man hours have been spent on that effort. The Alaska Stand Alone Pipeline concept, on the other hand, has yet to spend the money necessary to go through an open season, will raise the cost of energy in Southcentral according to their own estimates, and is not capable of generating new revenue to offset declining oil production."
Meanwhile, city officials in Valdez have received pushback from Valdez residents, many questioning the wisdom of spending nearly a million dollars from city to coffers to finance the campaign against HB4.
A city-wide meeting for Valdez citizens is slated for 7 p.m. this Thursday, March 28, at the Civic Center. The meeting, billed as "2013 Gasline Crisis," says city officials wish to present information that need the immediate attention of Valdez residents.
The Valdez City Council has voted to spend up to $900,000 to try to defeat HB4.
City manager John Hozey told the Associated Press that a large-scale line capable of feeding overseas exports makes more sense for Alaska.
Valdez has hoped to be the terminus for a major line, when and if one gets built, but Hozey said the PR campaign - including ads and a website - is geared at supporting what Valdez believes to be the better project. The city is using money it has won in challenges over taxation of the trans-Alaska oil pipeline to fund the effort, he said.
``We will only have one opportunity to build the gas line that will bring low-cost energy to all Alaskans ... and bring revenue to the state to fund all the things that are important to all of us,'' like education, transportation and public safety, he said. ``If we blow our chance on this (smaller) line, then we've lost our future.''


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Stock market Tips
Tips on Stock market
Stock Market trading Tips
Stock Market Tips; The Contrarian Investing StrategyContrarian investing is based on taking a position that is opposite to that of the masses. In general contrarian, investors get in an investment too early as their analysis is based on doing the opposite of the masses. In contrast mass psychology dictates that you wait for the emotion to hit a boiling point, euphoria or panic before a position is taken. Mass psychology involves the actual study of what the masses are doing as opposed to just determining that their current action is wrong and using that information to take a position in the opposite direction.Contrarians only take a position that is contrary to the masses, and that about wraps up the ideology of being a contrarian today. Very few of today's contrarians are true contrarians; they fall into the category of fashion contrarians.Mass Psychology Improves Contrarian Investing Results. Investors that adopt the doctrine of mass psychology correctly will understand how to use market sentiment to their advantage. Mass psychology takes the principle of contrarian investing and then pushes it to the next level. Students of Mass Psychology look for extreme type situations. In other words, sentiment should not just be bullish before an opposing strategy is put into play, it should be at the boiling point and only then will the student of mass psychology look for an exit and attempt to take an opposing position to that of the masses.
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Can "Dumping Soda" Mitigate Global Obesity Trends?
The "Global Dump Soft Drinks Campaign" urges governments to restrict soda marketing.
Photo by erasmusa via Flickr
Consumer groups on five continents are promoting a new "Dump Soda" campaign to educate people about the links between soft-drink marketing and rising childhood obesity. "Multinational giants like Coca-Cola and PepsiCo are flooding the world with beverages that are nothing more than 'liquid candy,'" said Bruce Silverglade, legal director of the Washington, D.C.-based Center for Science in the Public Interest, which is coordinating the campaign with the International Association of Consumer Food Organizations. "As a result, consumers, including children, in all corners of the globe are increasingly developing obesity, 'adult onset' diabetes, and other health problems."
The groups launched the Global Dump Soft Drinks Campaign at the Consumers International World Congress in Sydney, Australia, in late October. Their demands include asking governments to require soft-drink producers to stop advertising sugar-laden beverages to children under 16 and to impose a modest tax on soft drinks to fund nutrition and fitness programs. The campaign also promotes the marketing of lower-sugar products, selling existing products in smaller portions, and stopping sales of sweetened beverages in all public and private schools, from elementary to high school.
According to the campaign, over-consumption of carbonated soft drinks and other sweetened beverages is a major contributor to weight problems and obesity, which often begin in childhood and can increase the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and other illnesses. Obesity is now at epidemic levels and affects more than 300 million people worldwide, according to the Worldwatch Institute's Vital Signs 2006–2007 report. Many developing countries in particular are struggling with the double burden of trying to feed their populations while also fighting obesity problems.
Other Worldwatch Articles You Might Enjoy
As sales of soft drinks in the industrial world have leveled off, Coca-Cola and Pepsi have increased their marketing to developing countries, according to the campaign. "We hope that consumers around the world can avoid the types of problems that high rates of soft drink consumption has led to in the U.S.," said Silverglade.
This story was produced by Eye on Earth, a joint project of the Worldwatch Institute and the blue moon fund. View the complete archive of Eye on Earth stories, or contact Staff Writer Alana Herro at aherro [AT] worldwatch [DOT] org with your questions, comments, and story ideas.


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News, help and discussion of the Samsung Galaxy S7.
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Change your username
You can change the name that's linked to your email address, but you can't change your email address.
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You can change the name that appears when you send emails. For example, you could change from 'Sports Fan' at firstname.lastname@example.com to 'Bob' at email@example.com.
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- Automatically forward incoming messages to your new account
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This land is hard to farm due to the earth being low on minerals and rich on different kinds of moss.
They dig minerals such as Gold, Silver, and small amounts of Obsidian which they trade for other goods.
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You Want Success? Ditch Easy.
22 Jul
The goal of being healthier or getting healthy, never ends. There isn't a miracle pill, there's not a foolproof plan, and it doesn't happen overnight. The same time, the absolute joy that comes from feeling in control of your health is palpable.
It's important for you to know, that you are not alone. We, are not alone. We've all felt out-of-control of our health at one time or another. Most likely, more than once. It's unavoidable with so many unhealthy options we get on a daily basis, and the emotional ties that can exist between us and food.
Your Health is a Journey Not a Destination.
I had a conversation with my mom last night where we talked about how much adopting a Paleo lifestyle has impacted our lives individually, and our family as a whole. I'm proud to say the process started with me. Then it moved on to my mom and my baby sister, and now my dad and even my grandparents are eating Paleo.
Pretty cool, right? It's totally awesome! I had no idea when I started this, that so many people would be impacted. It didn't happen overnight. And that's the point I want to leave you with today.
Getting healthy takes time. It takes time and commitment and you have to be creative. It's not easy to run a half marathon, develop healthy eating habits, and face your greatest food temptations as a conqueror. It's not easy, but it's absolutely, beyond a shadow of a doubt, worth it.
If You Want Easy, You Don't Want Success.
Let that sink in for a minute. Easy doesn't equal success. Hard work, relentless focus and repetition breed success. I know that's not a fun answer. It's definitely not something you'd ever see in an infomercial that's for sure! But, it's the truth.
- It's easy to hit the McDonald's drive-through instead of getting up early to prepare breakfast.
- It's easy to give in when your emotions are high, justifying that evening binge.
- It's easy to sleep in and not make time for fitness because you're "too busy."
- It's easy to lie to yourself.
Easy will never make you fit into your favorite jeans. Easy doesn't turn heads. Easy isn't sexy. Easy sucks.
Take Control of Today and Ditch Easy.
I'm not saying I don't struggle with giving into 'easy' every day, because I definitely do. Being healthy is a daily, if not by the minute, commitment. The good news is: you CAN do it. You have the power to say no to easy, and take control of your health. You have the power to resist temptation, and impress yourself.
It's a process. It takes time. There is no 'quick and easy' way to true health. And, all that time, discipline and commitment makes victory that much sweeter.
Look for opportunities to ditch easy today, and instead move forward on your journey to health.


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Candy CanesSpangler Candy offers Peppermint Candy Canes, Cherry Candy Canes, Dum Dums Candy Canes, Smarties Candy Canes, Jelly Belly Candy Canes, and more. These candy canes are perfect for eating, tree decorating, crafting, or a favorite recipe. Businesses can buy mini candy canes in bulk and save during the holidays. Click a photo or title for the product detail page. Free ground shipping in the U.S. (excludes AK and HI).
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Spruce up your Valentine's Day party with pinks and reds from our Color Party line of Dum Dums. Check out our wide array of colors here: https://www.spanglercandy.com/candy-store/dum-dums-single-colors


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Former Rep. Gabrielle Giffords will return to the nation's capital this Friday to be on hand as President Barack Obama signs the last piece of legislation she sponsored before resigning — the Ultralight Aircraft Smuggling Prevention Act of 2012.
Giffords suffered massive brain damage after being hit with a bullet above the eye during last year's Tucson shooting that killed six and injured 13 others. Although Gifford's continuing recovery has been labeled as both quick and inspiring, she resigned from Congress on Jan. 25 to focus on her health.
The bill was unanimously passed in the House on Giffords' last day in office.
The act amends the definition of an ultralight aircraft, a move intended to crackdown on drug smuggling by Mexican cartels, which use small, low-flying and easily maneuverable planes to transfer drugs across the border, vehicles not currently covered by the law.


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Lowell Noteboom
Avoiding a Governance Deficit
Lowell Noteboom, Chair, League of American Orchestras Former Board Chair, The Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra
Avoiding a Governance Deficit: Part 1 by Lowell Noteboom
In this vlog, governance expert, Lowell Noteboom describes some of the essential steps that board members can take to correct any governance deficits that may exist in their orchestras. Based on the work of management guru, Jim Collins, Noteboom describes three critical steps that board members can take to improve governance: 1) Getting the right people on the board bus, with everyone in the right seats; 2) Fostering a culture of discipline, with disciplined leaders, thought and action; and 3) Focusing energy and attention on the stuff that really matters.
Avoiding a Governance Deficit: Part 2 by Lowell Noteboom
In this vlog, governance expert, Lowell Noteboom explores four specific tools to help board members keep their orchestras on the right track and avoid a governance deficit. These steps include: 1) Accessing the right information; 2) Understanding the information and its implications for your orchestra; 3) Creating a vision informed by your reality, coupled with a clear, ambitious strategy to realize your vision; and 4) Building the discipline to stick to your strategy and see it through to a successful outcome, regardless of road blocks along the way.


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As physical stores continue to adopt new technologies to attract customers and provide the best in-store experience, our Shopify POS is the perfect solution for you. Regardless of whether you're selling computer hardware, software, or accessories, we're here to make your life easy.
From a beautifully designed iPad application to all the hardware you could dream of, we've got you covered in selling your computer inventory in your store today.
With our Shopify POS you're able to keep both your online and instore inventory in sync while having the ability to manage your customers and orders from one dashboard, which you can take with you on the go with our apps.
Receive all the hardware you need and simply download our free iPad app to get started. It really is that easy.
Shopify POS works with your existing credit card reader to accept Visa, Mastercard and Amex cards.
You can also setup custom payment options like debit, process partial payments, split tenders and more.
Use Shopify's dashboard to track customers and sales made both online and in your retail location using Shopify POS. Detailed reporting and analytics help you make the best choices to grow your business.
Upgrade your point of sale system with hardware compatible with Shopify POS.
Hardware includes a cash drawer, stand, receipt printer, scanner and more. Browse and buy the compatible hardware.
Shopify POS has fundamentally improved our retail experience. It's easy to use, automatically syncs customers, products and orders with our webstore, and it looks absolutely great at our checkout.
Owner, Nice Kicks
It helps me focus on the important thing: my clients. With the Shopify POS iPad app, I have all my stock at my fingertips, and I can take orders from anywhere. This is what retail looks like in the 21st century.
Owner, Amanda May Lingerie
or call 1-888-678-9481


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Jazz Bands Near You
Are you looking to add some extravagance to your event? A jazz band may be just what you need! Watch your guests groove on the dance floor to the voluptuous sounds of the sax, piano, strings, and drums. Jazz bands can be sophisticated and classy, or bluesy and sultry. Either way, they're sure to be a hit at weddings, holiday parties, or corporate events.
Where do you need a Jazz Band?
About booking Jazz Bands
Whether you're looking for upbeat dancing music for your wedding or background accompaniment for a corporate cocktail party, a jazz band will create the perfect atmosphere. The price for a jazz band may vary depending on your location, the length of the event, the number of band members, travel costs, and overall performance experience. Jazz bands can range in size; some are as small as three while others are as large as 10 or 12. Typically, they can tailor the size of their band and instruments to any event, from intimate birthday parties to large festivals. High-quality musicians are worth their rates, so be sure to do your research! Contact local jazz bands to get more pricing information and compare quotes customized for your event.
First, decide what size band you need for your event. Keep in mind how much room you have in the venue, as well as what style of jazz you're looking for. If you only need light background music, a trio may work best, while a larger event (like a wedding reception) may need a full band. Next, search online for artists in your area. Most performing musicians have online profiles to highlight their style and repertoire. Check out their videos and audio clips, and look for a professional with experience in events like yours. If available, read through reviews and testimonials from their past clients. Feedback is one of the best ways to ensure you'll book the best. Once you've found the right jazz band, contact to ask about their rates and availability. Discuss important details like event location, number of expected guests, length of performance, song requests, and any unique aspect of your event. The more info you give the professional, the easier it is for them to provide a customized quote. This is also a good time to ask about specifics like their setup requirements or any additional travel fees. When you and the artist have come to an agreement, put all the specifics in writing to avoid miscommunications. With GigSalad, booking a jazz band is easy! You can browse through media-rich profiles, get free quotes, and securely book entertainment all on one simple platform. Every event is covered by our Worry-Free Guarantee, so sit back, relax, and enjoy the music!
Jazz Bands around Ashburn, VA:
Cole Summers Jazz Quartet(1)
Jazz Band
Baltimore, MD
Recent review: We hired Cole Summers Jazz Quartet for our wedding in July of 2016. They were absolutely wonderful…
Eddie Baccus Jr. Or Group name The Syndicate(11)
Saxophone Player / Jazz Band
Silver Spring, MD
21 Verified Bookings
Recent review: Eddie is a phenomenal musician!!!! He was prompt with his response and delivered above and beyond…
Fake Flowers Real Dirt(4)
Funk Band / Jazz Band
Baltimore, MD
1 Verified Booking
Recent review: Drop everything and see this band. They mix everything from experimental jazz to funk & soul,…
Gina J. Payne and "Step UP" Connection(0)
Jazz Band
Washington, DC
Gina J. Payne and "Step Up" Connection are a well versed group of musicians. Gina j. Payne is a violinist…
Jazz Bands for hire across the U.S. and Canada:
United States:
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
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- District Of Columbia
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- Georgia
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- Tennessee
- Texas
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- Vermont
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- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
- Alberta
- British Columbia
- Ontario
- Prince Edward Island
Want more Jazz Band gigs?
If you provide Jazz Band services in the United States or Canada, get more gigs by joining GigSalad.


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In copyright law, the fair use doctrine allows limited use of copyrighted material for educational purposes. The Copyright Act of 1976 gives four factors that must be considered in determining whether or not a particular use would be fair:
Therefore, copying or scanning an item is likely to be fair use if:
If a case meets all four criteria, it is almost definitely fair use. For example, copying a short article or chapter from a work which the library has in its collection and distributing it to your class would normally be fair use and is not a violation of copyright. You can do so as long as you give a complete citation and a copyright notice with the material.
Copying or scanning is not likely to be fair use if:
Thus copying or scanning more than one article or chapter from a work which the library has not purchased is not fair use, nor is using such an article or chapter in subsequent classes.
For specific guidelines regarding the most commonly copied items, including help with making fair use determinations in more ambiguous cases, see:
If you would like to use a text for class but its reproduction is not fair use, you have several options available:


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Free baggage
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Server updater
IUCLID 6 Server version updater (28th April 2017 - v1.3.0)
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After Fowler's keynotes, this is the best session that I have attended. The main reason is that its speaker, Michael Norton, was very good: sharp, clear, concise, as a speaker should be.
The presentation was focused on the concept of Technical Debt, conceived by Ward Cunningham back in '92 and touched by Fowler as well in his third part keynote.
Norton's intents are to clarify what the metaphor means and which is the proper way to use it. The point is that it's ok to cut corners in the short timeframe to gain an opportunity (for example, for a demo), but things have to be fixed up properly as soon as possible immediately afterwards. The power of the metaphor lies primarily in the concept of debt and the need of repaying it:
- Every corner that you cut for a specific purpose, for example in terms of code that you know should be done in a different, better way, is debt
- All the debt adds up very quickly and it slows you down
- If you don't fix that code potentially you'll end up in a situation where development slows down to a halt and the system needs to be rebuilt from scratch
We should always remember, however, that this is just a metaphor and we can't stretch it beyond its intended use. It's indeed a way to think about our own work, it doesn't magically replace our work with its own laws because we are leaving in a delusion. Norton uses the term metaphorphosis for this kind of phenomenon. In Cunnigham words:
- "[Many] have explained the debt metaphor and confused it with the idea that you could write code poorly with the intention of doing a good job later."
- "The ability to pay back debt […] depends upon you writing code that is clean enough to be able to refactor as you come to understand your problem."
- "Dirty code is to technical debt as the pawn broker is to financial debt. Don't think you are ever going to get your code back."
Hence, the important things to remember are:
- Debt is bad => if you can get away without it, just do it
- Tech debt is a strategic tool => use it under specific circumstances (eg: I need to change this thing and deploy it in an hour, I'll refactor it right after the deployment), not as an excuse to do sloppy work
- Remember Fowler => only the quadrant Deliberate/Prudent is acceptable and only for very short timeframes
- I'd say that 99.99% of your daily work should be debt free
- Unintentional dirty code, missing tests, bad choices will happen anyway, that's why Norton called it cruft => it's physiological, but it's not technical debt
- In my team, for example, we do code reviews also to catch that
- Intentional cruft is always a bad choice, something that you need to avoid and that when done shows a lack of professionalism
- You have to deal with cruft every day/hour/minute, don't let it accumulate, because big incremental fixes don't work => the complexity keeps growing up at the same rate
- Clean constantly & follow the Boy Scout Rule: Leave the campground cleaner than you found it (of course campground=code)
- Monitor your tech debt, also by means of metrics like test coverage, procedural complexity (aka cyclomatic complexity, McCabe number) and cohesion/coupling
I'm not a huge fan of slideshare & viewing slides without attending a presentation, but FWIW Norton has uploaded his slides and they are actually good/helpful. As usual, here you can find my mind map as well.
Tags: 2010, agile, agile tour, design, refactoring, technical debt, toronto, XP


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Kyle Hill - 100 MPH [Unsigned Artist]
"100 MPH", available for download on Itunes, weaves a tale of cars, sex, money and speed.
Mixtape "It's Only Business" available on Datpiff.com
Follow at Twitter@KyleHillCo_Op
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
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Friday, March 25, 2011
7 comments:
ACK, leaks! Water leaks make me feel all krazy.ReplyDelete
Yay for successful clippers cut!
I am so glad you took the plunge on home hair cutting! Now you can conquer the world!ReplyDelete
You are making me thankful for our Springtime. Nothing but poop to send to school? Jeez.
I'm intrigued by the Ethiopian stew recipe. I like that there is a hard-boiled egg just hanging out in the bowl. One should really do that with more foods.ReplyDelete
I love watching youtube videos to learn something new. I learned a lot of knitting stitches that way :)ReplyDelete
My sister also has mastered home hair cutting! I think this is a major accomplishment as I can't even trim my own hair, much less use an actual buzz cut thingy on someone else's. Way to go!ReplyDelete
If anyone ever asks me "Should I try bangs?" I always say NOOOOO! Don't do it! Because ultimately you will want to grow them out and I know from experience that it is hard! There are only so many clips/hairbands a person can wear.ReplyDelete
Also, thank you for your comments on my blog!ReplyDelete


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CEO Compensation
#419 Christopher B Begley04.22.09, 06:00 PM EDT
|Previous: Neil A Berkett
|Next: Mark P Frissora
|Total Compensation
$2.10 mil
5-Year Compensation Total
$10.06 mil
Christopher B Begley has been CEO of Hospira (HSP) for 9 years. Mr. Begley has been with the company for 23 years. The 57 year old executive ranks 27 within Health Care Equipment & Services
College: Western Illinois University
Graduate School: Northern Illinois University MBA
|Christopher B Begley's Compensation Vs. Health Care Equipment & Services Medians
|$1.03 mil
|$1.04 mil
|$0.98 mil
|$1.60 mil
|$0.09 mil
|$1.39 mil
|Stock Gains
|$0.00 mil
|Total Compensation
|$2.10 mil
|$6.43 mil
275 North Field Drive
Lake Forest, IL 60045
|< Previous:Neil A Berkett
|Next:Mark P Frissora >
|Rank |
Name |
Age |
Company |
Total Compensation | 5 Year Compensation | Market Value
Compensation rank is based on total compensation for latest fiscal year. Total compensation for each chief executive includes the following: salary and bonuses; other compensation, such as vested restricted stock grants, LTIP payouts and perks; and stock gains, the value realized by exercising stock options. Efficiency rank is based on our chief executive's performance/pay score. Ranks are given only to chief executives who have a six-year tenure and six-year compensation history. The most efficient rank is 1 and least efficient is 179.
Total returns and value of stock owned (including all classes) is based on Apr. 9, 2009 stock price. Compensation percent change is based on combined salary and bonus. Annualized total return during tenure covers the tenure of the executive or from the time of the IPO or available stock history. Relative to market is the ending value of $100 invested in the stock, divided by the ending value of $1 invested in the S&P 500 (a score of 100 = the S&P 500). NA: Not available or not applicable.
2Four-year total.
3Three-year total.
4Less than 0.01%.
5Prior-year data.
6New chief executive; compensation may be for another executive office.
7Less than $100,000.
8Received options or restricted stock in lieu of portion of salary.
9Received options or restricted stock in lieu of portion of bonus.
10Includes shares indirectly held.
Sources: Company SEC Filings; FT Interactive Data and LionShares via FactSet Research Systems; Forbes
Intelligent Investing | Data | Knowledge | Insight | Wisdom


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Why We Love LEAP Organics: All About Soap
Licensed Massage Therapist
Sarah J. Rogers is a licensed massage therapist who received her training at the Cortiva Institute in Watertown, Massachusetts. Her practice focuses on the mind-body relationship and the usefulness of this connection not only for healing, but also for seeking balance in everyday life. Sarah brings her experience as an athlete and her compassion for mind-body health to her practice, inspiring growth and comfort in her clients. Along with massage, Sarah is now offering Active Isolated Stretching which can be done alone or in tandem with massage therapy. Employing techniques focusing on relaxation, neuromuscular therapy, stretching, myofascial release, and overall balance, Sarah will work with you to develop a treatment style that suits your needs.
"Good for the body is the work of the body, good for the soul is the work of the soul and good for either is the work of the other." -Henry David Thoreau.
Book online for any massage service at our Boston location or contact OMBE for additional information.


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We design and execute investment strategies that produce consistent, market-leading returns throughout the life cycle of your hospitality asset
Hotel and hospitality owners, investors and operators need a very broad set of skills and experience to meet business goals in an increasingly competitive market. The Hotels & Hospitality Group of JLL delivers the complete range of advisory and brokerage services to support our clients at every stage in their investment cycle.
Our services span the hotels and hospitality spectrum from luxury, select service and budget hotels, timeshare, convention centers, mixed-use developments and other hospitality assets.
Few firms can offer our combination of brokerage and advisory services, essential to create a practical foundation for advice and the highest investment sales returns.
More than any other advisor in the world, our dedicated Hotels & Hospitality team provides the depth and breadth of specialist research and market intelligence to support our clients critical decisions.
We work closely together as a local, regional and global team, sharing specialist skills, knowledge and contacts to deliver exceptional results.
A representative will be in contact with you shortly.
Need help? Connect with one of our experts. We look forward to helping you with your real estate needs.


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1. CAEP Description
2. CAEP Terms of Reference
3. Milestones
4. Members and Observers
5. Structure
6. CAEP Activities
Montreal, Canada, 4 to 15 February 2019
The Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP) is a technical committee of the ICAO Council established in 1983. CAEP assists the Council in formulating new policies and adopting new Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) related to aircraft noise and emissions, and more generally to aviation environmental impact.
CAEP undertakes specific studies, as requested by the Council. Its scope of activities encompasses noise, air quality and the basket of measures today considered for reducing international aviation CO2 emissions, including aircraft technology, operations improvement, market-based measures and alternative fuels. CAEP informs the Council's and Assembly's decision making by providing aviation environmental trends assessment including future air traffic projections and impact assessment of proposed policies and developments.
The Council reviews and adopts CAEP recommendations, including amendments to the SARPs, and in turn reports to the ICAO Assembly where the main policies on environmental protection are ultimately defined.
Additional information ...
CAEP's assessments and proposals are pursued taking into account:
CAEP is composed of 25 Members from all regions of the world and 17 Observers. More than 600 internationally-renowned experts are involved in CAEP activities and working groups.
Working group 1 (WG1): Aircraft Noise Technical IssuesThe main aim of WG1 is to keep international aircraft noise certification Standards (Annex 16, Volume I) up-to-date and effective, while ensuring that the certification procedures are as simple and inexpensive as possible.
Working group 2 (WG2): Airports and OperationsWG2 addresses aircraft noise and emissions issues linked to airports and operations.
Working group 3 (WG3): Emissions Technical IssuesWG3 deals with aircraft performance and emission technical matters, including the updating of Annex 16 - Volume II and the development of the new aircraft CO2 Standard, Annex 16 – Volume III.
Modelling and Databases Group (MDG)
The MDG group carries out modelling efforts in support to the activities of the other CAEP groups and maintains various databases such as the movements, fleet, and population databases.
Forecasting and Economic Analysis Support Group (FESG)
The main role of the FESG is to develop and maintain the databases necessary to provide the framework for performing economic analysis and forecasting fleet growth. It provides support to the other working groups within CAEP and works with them on data issues that concern more than one working group.
Aviation Carbon Calculator Support Group (ACCS)The ACCS group successfully develops and updates an impartial, transparent methodology for computing the CO2 emissions from passenger air travel.
Impacts and Science Group (ISG)ISG informs the Secretariat and CAEP on scientific findings such as aircraft particulate matter impacts; climate impacts of aircraft emissions; and the implication to aviation of limiting the increase in global average temperature to less than 2ºC above pre-industrial levels.
Global Market Based Measure Technical Task Force (GMTF)The GMTF is mandated to develop recommendations for the monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV system) of international aviation emissions and for the quality of offset remits for use in a global market-based measure for international aviation.
Alternative Fuels Task Force (AFTF)The AFTF is mandated to assess the potential range of emission reductions from the use of alternative fuels in aviation up to 2050.


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Ludia Sarmast HCHI, CD (DONA)
410 956-8928
Serving Anne Arundel County and surrounding areas, MD
I have been keenly interested in childbirth for over 20 years. It is my desire to help women and families have the kind of birth experience they choose, through knowledge. Birth is a very empowering and transformational time, and the more prepared a family can be, the better the outcome. I know this to be true by attending births with Moms and families and listening to others' stories. I believe education and training to be a vital aspect of this process. That is why I'm a Hypnobabies Childbirth Educator, and a Hypno- Doula. Hypnobabies is a complete and very thoughtful education for childbirth course.
Also offering Hypno Doula Trainings! Let your Doula know!


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B&O PLAY Beoplay A1 Portable Bluetooth Speaker
Dust- and splash-resistant, the B&O PLAY Beoplay A1 portable Bluetooth speaker immerses you in great wireless sound from your iPhone or iPad anywhere you go. It's small enough to sit in the palm of your hand and shaped to slip neatly into your bag or a pocket. There's also a built-in microphone that makes phone conversations a snap.
High-quality materials, including aluminium and leather
Dust- and splash-resistant to go nearly anywhere
360-degree Bang & Olufsen signature sound with satisfyingly deep bass
Beoplay app for enhanced control and functionality
Up to 24 hours playing time on a single charge - at moderate volume level
Pair two A1 speakers in stereo or ambient mode using the app
Bluetooth 4.2 ADK with AptX
Built-in mic for hands-free calling
What's in the Box
B&O PLAY Beoplay A1 Portable Bluetooth Speaker
USB-C charging cable
Tech Specs
Frequency Response: 60Hz to 24KHz
Input Type: 3.5mm stereo jack
Connections: Wireless
Speaker Configurations: Stereo
Drivers: Two
Power Source: Battery power
Batteries: Rechargeable Lithium Ion
Height: 4.8 cm/1.89 in.
Length: 13.3 cm/5.24 in.
Width: 13.3 cm/5.24 in.
Weight: 600 g
Manufacturer Information
Part Number
UPC or EAN No.: 5705260071122
Note: Apple's One-Year Limited Warranty does not apply to products that are not Apple-branded, even if packaged or sold with Apple products. Non-Apple-branded products may have the benefit of a manufacturer's warranty provided by the product manufacturer — please see your product box and literature for details. Benefits under the manufacturer's warranty are in addition to rights provided by consumer law. For details, click here.
iPhone Models
- iPhone XS
- iPhone XS Max
- iPhone XR
- iPhone X
- iPhone 8
- iPhone 8 Plus
- iPhone 7
- iPhone 7 Plus
- iPhone 6s
- iPhone 6s Plus
- iPhone 6
- iPhone 6 Plus
- iPhone SE
- iPhone 5s
- iPhone 5c
- iPhone 5
iPad Models
- iPad Air (3rd Generation)
- iPad mini (5th Generation)
- iPad Pro 11-inch
- iPad Pro 12.9-inch (3rd Generation)
- iPad Pro 10.5-inch
- iPad (6th Generation)
- iPad (5th Generation)
- iPad Pro 12.9-inch (2nd Generation)
- iPad Pro 12.9-inch (1st Generation)
- iPad Pro 9.7-inch
- iPad mini 4
- iPad mini 3
- iPad mini 2
- iPad Air 2
- iPad Air (1st Generation)
Mac Models
- MacBook (Retina, 12-inch, Early 2015–2017)
- MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2018 and later)
- MacBook Air (13-inch, Early 2015–2017)
- MacBook Air (11-inch, Early 2015)
- MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2016 and later)
- MacBook Pro (Retina, 13-inch, Late 2012–2015)
- MacBook Pro (15-inch, 2016 and later)
- MacBook Pro (Retina, 15-inch, Mid 2012–2015)
- iMac (Retina 4K, 21.5-inch, 2019)
- iMac (Retina 4K, 21.5-inch, 2017)
- iMac (Retina 4K, 21.5-inch, Late 2015)
- iMac (Retina 5K, 27-inch, 2019)
- iMac (Retina 5K, 27-inch, 2017)
- iMac (Retina 5K, 27-inch, Late 2014–2015)
- iMac Pro (2017 and later)
- Mac Pro (Late 2013)
- Mac mini (2018)
- Mac mini (Late 2014)
Apple TV Models
iPod Models
- iPod touch (7th generation)
- iPod touch (6th Generation)
- iPod touch 5th Generation
- iPod nano 7th Generation
Answers from the community
can this be linked to apple homepod speaker to play music in 2 rooms
- Asked by Stephen J from Saffron Walden
- on 12 Jul 2019
Can i make calls from the speaker using Siri?
- Asked by SARAH M from HAYWARDS HEATH,
- on 26 Jul 2017
- Answered by Maria L from Chicago
- on 21 Feb 2019


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First, I would like to thank all that have attended and supported the SQL Lunch during our first year. We are continuing on and have some great Lunches scheduled for May and June. In May I will be presenting Configuring, Deploying and Scheduling SSIS Packages and Max Trinidad will be presenting SQL Server and PowerShell Working with Databases. In June we will have first time SQL Lunch Speaker, Stefan Bauer, presenting Warehouse Disk Layout 101.
The SQL Lunch Team has several upcoming topics on SQL Server 2008 R2, Power Pivot and Report Builder 3.0. We are always looking for new presenters and new topics. If you are interested in presenting on the SQL Lunch please email us at firstname.lastname@example.com. No matter if you are a seasoned presenter or a first time presenter, we welcome all.
Thanks Patrick LeBlanc, MCTS
Founder www.TSQLScripts.com and www.SQLLunch.com.
Visit www.BIDN.com, Bring Business Intelligence to your company.


text: Shaun McLaren exploded onto the competitive Magic scene by winning Pro Tour Born of the Gods and making a finals appearance at Pro Tour Khans of Tarkir, all within the span of one year. Shaun has also been captain of Team Canada twice and has four Grand Prix Top 8s to his name. Shaun started playing Magic with his brother and father during Ice Age and Magic has filled a big part of his life, and his heart, ever since.


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The Circus is coming to town! The American made Midget Railway cars are perfect for little hands and come in a nice gift box. Crafted from locally sourced, sustainably harvested pine with hardwood components and printed details, individual cars measure approximately 1-7/8" wide by 2-3/4" high by 4" long. When all joined together, the six-car train comprised of Engine, Popcorn Car, Big Tent Car, Lion Car, Elephant Car, and Caboose, is about 27" long. Cars join with a string loop-and-peg assembly. Finish: color dye stain, urethane, lacquer, and ink. Ages 2 and up. Made in the USA.
- Item #: 2-ML-71040


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Last week, the old lady who swallowed a fly lost her nose.
Little E's teacher asked me to sew it back on. Before I return her, though, I couldn't resist adding a little extra touch.
The band-aid has a cotton-batting rectangle sewn on the underside. Both have velcro for easy stickin'.
Hope you are finding humor and whimsy in your day!


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It is with a very heavy heart that I report that the awesome 3 monkeys cafe in West End, our home for nearly 6 (SIX!) years was inundated during the Brisbane Floods and is closed until further notice.
Until they are back serving their dairy laced goodies we are trying to find a temporary location.
Required: a centrally located cafe that possesses the following attributes
- easy access by train and bus
- extended opening hours (9pm or later) on weeknights
- a laid back attitude to a group of 7+ knitters converging for stitching and bitching for several hours every Tuesday night
- an affordable menu with meals and snacks
If you think you know a cafe that fits the bill please let us know!
Help us interwebs community, you're our only hope!


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When getting drunk is too much work, the French have a solution: a new spray that causes instant and brief intoxication, TIME magazine is reporting.
French American scientist David Edwards has unveiled WA|HH Quantum Sensations, a spray that causes brief intoxication with no aftereffects, Gizmodo reports. Each dose consists of just 0.075 milliliters of alcohol, but according to Edwards, when aerosolized by the spray's unique mechanism — housed in a stylish, Philippe Starck-designed aluminum tube — it's enough to make you feel fully intoxicated, though quite briefly. Once the effects wear off, you won't experience a headache and can even pass an alcohol test.
The product, which goes for about $26, will soon hit European shelves, but no word yet if an American release is in the works. Fingers crossed, though — just think of all the time you could save if you no longer had to slam back those pesky and time-consuming beers to get a buzz.
Europe only? I think this would do well in America. Very well.


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Bank of America told to pay in discrimination case
CHARLOTTE, North Carolina (AP) — The U.S. Department of Labor has ordered Bank of America to pay black job applicants more than $2 million in back wages and interest to settle a discrimination case.
A statement from the agency said the Charlotte-based bank applied unfair and inconsistent selection criteria, leading to the rejection of qualified black applicants for teller and entry-level clerical and administrative positions.
The decision affects 1,147 applicants. It awards a total of $964,033 to 1,034 applicants who were rejected for jobs in 1993 and $1,217,560 to 113 individuals who were rejected between 2002 and 2005.
Labor Department administrative law Judge Linda S. Chapman rejected the bank's arguments for a lower award on the grounds that they could not make use of missing records that they had failed to keep.


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Employers post more jobs, cut fewer workers
WASHINGTON U.S. employers advertised more job openings in January, suggesting that hiring will remain healthy in the coming months.
Job openings rose 2.2 percent in January from December to 3.69 million, the Labor Department said Tuesday. Openings had fallen nearly 5 percent in December. They are still below November's level of nearly 3.8 million.
There were other positive signs: Employers laid off the fewest workers in January than in any month since records began in 2001. And the number of Americans quitting their jobs rose to the highest in more than four years. People usually quit when they have another job, so more quitting suggests it is easier to find work.
There is still a lot of competition for open positions. About 12.3 million people were unemployed in January. That means there were 3.3 unemployed people, on average, competing for each job. In a healthy economy, that ratio is roughly 2 to 1.
Rising openings and quits add to recent evidence that the job market is getting better.
Employers added 236,000 jobs in February, the government said Friday. That pushed the unemployment rate down from 7.9 percent in January to a four-year low of 7.7 percent last month.
The pace of hiring has accelerated, a sign that employers are confident about their prospects and haven't been discouraged by tax increases or higher gas prices.
Monthly job gains averaged more than 200,000 from November through February. That compares with an average of 154,000 jobs from July through October and only 108,000 from April through June.
Strong auto sales and a steady housing recovery are spurring more hiring, which could trigger more consumer spending and lead to stronger economic growth. Auto sales rose in January and February after reaching a five-year high in 2012.
A big source of strength has been home sales and residential construction: New-home sales jumped 16 percent in January to the highest level since July 2008. And builders started work on the most homes last year since 2008.


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Jeff Kready, who played the lovably square Mr. Snow in Rodgers & Hammerstein's "Carousel" at the Goodspeed Opera House, will play Crumpet, the cynical Macy's Elf in "The Santaland Diaries," the statge adaptation of David Sedaris' comic holiday essays.
The show will be presented at Hartford's TheaterWorks as an off-subscription presentation Dec. 4 to 23.
Rob Ruggiero, who staged "Carousel" at Goodspeed, directs the production. Tickets are $40; $30 for subscribers.
The theater had presenetd the show several times before during the Christmas holidays featuring Andrew Benator.
Kready's credits include Broadway's "Billy Elliot, "Sunday ion the Park with George" revival, "Les Miserables" revival. He also toured in "Billy Ellliot." TV credits include "Boardwalk Empire"
Information: 860-527-7838 and www.theaterworkshartford.org.


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Internet and Over-the-air Audio Broadcasts
Audio broadcasts of Yale football games are available on the Yale Football Radio Network. Ron Vaccaro '04 handles the play-by-play, with Carm Cozza on color.
Broadcasts of Yale football, along with several other sports, are available on the Yale student radio station, WYBC 1340 AM, and for free on-line at www.wybcx.com.
Internet Video Broadcasts
Live video broadcasts of Yale games are available for select sports through "Yale All-Access" on the Ivy League Digital Network. To sign up, visit http://www.ivyleaguedigitalnetwork.com/yale
Yale All-Access is also on Twitter at @YaleAllAccess, and you can sign up for Yale All-Access e-mail updates.
TV Broadcasts
Several Yale sporting events are broadcast on television. Check each team's schedule page on yalebulldogs.com for further details about upcoming television broadcasts.
Audio Netcasts of Yale Athletics content are available through iTunes U at itunes.yale.edu. Video netcasts are available through YouTube at YouTube's YaleAthletics channel.


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Contact: email@example.com
Habitat destruction threatens the diversity of life on our planet. Renewable energy strategies that damage habitat only make the problem worse. Distributed generation such as rooftop solar is the faster, cheaper, cleaner and more effective way of meeting our energy needs in the next century.
Demand a more cost-effective, faster, less damaging, and more democratic path to renewable energy. Help us move renewable energy development off our ecologically rich public lands and onto rooftops and elsewhere in the built environment. To read our Call To Action and learn how you or your organization can sign on, visit this page.
Read our analysis of the Obama administration's fundamentally flawed public lands solar policy, its potentially devastating impact on public lands, its inefficiencies both economic and technical, and its lack of legal justification.
"Aren't you just NIMBYs?"
"Don't desert tortoises secretly want more shade from solar panels?"
Find the answer to these and other questions on our FAQ page.


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Just copy and paste the code below to embed this station in your blog, website or social profile.
You've chosen Original Cutz, if you want to select another radio station, go back to the Radio Directory
Back to Original Cutz - Minneapolis, MN.
Note: You can also go further and add a Banner of Streema in your site, to do that, go here.


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Well it is that time of year again. The Three Monkeys Cafe are closed for their Christmas break, but as always Brisbane Stitch 'n' Bitch KNIT ON 🙂
Tonight we are hanging out at the Pancake Manor on Charlotte Street. See you next Tuesday at Freestyle in West End (back to Three Monkeys after that). Be there!


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April 5, 2008
Game 1 Box Score | Game 2 Box Score | Photo Gallery
NEW HAVEN, Conn. - Princeton used the long ball to sweep a doubleheader from Yale. The Tigers hit four home runs en route to beating the Bulldogs 8-1 and 5-2 at Dewitt Family Field. Kelsey Quist belted a three-run homer, Jamie Lettire hit a two-run blast and Kathryn Welch added a solo shot in the first game. Megan Weidrick hit a two-run homer in the second game. Megan Enyeart had a hit in each game, and Courtney Blachford tripled and doubled in the second game for Yale.
The first game was scoreless until the third when Princeton scored four times. The Bulldogs (12-14, 2-4 Ivy) got one back in the bottom of the third but missed an opportunity to get closer. After Blachford reached on an error, Katie Yanagisawa and Nicole Wolfe both walked to load the bases. Aracelis Torres then hit a grounder to short that was misplayed for an error that allowed Blachford to score.
Princeton pitcher Kristen Schaus, though, retired the next three hitters to avoid further damage. Schaus went the first four innings, struck out six and allowed only two hits. Michelle Tolfa pitched the last three innings to earn a save.
Blachford, Enyeart and Lauren Huddleston had hits for Yale, which left seven runners on base.
The Tigers (9-17, 6-0 Ivy) scored in the first inning of the second game on Quist's RBI single to left.
Yale tied it in the bottom of the second. Enyeart led off with a single and moved to second on Tracy Timm's ground out. McKynlee Westman followed with an RBI single to right.
The Bulldogs threatened again in the third. Blachford led off with a triple to the right-centerfield gap but was left stranded.
Beth Dalmut's two-run double in the fourth gave Princeton a 3-1 lead. Weidrick's two-run homer in the fifth made it 5-1.
Yale scored once in the bottom of the sixth. Yanagisawa doubled to open the inning and later scored on Holly Gutterud's ground out.
KR Ling started in the circle for the Bulldogs. She struck out two and allowed only two earned runs.
Tolfa pitched the first six innings for Princeton and struck out five. Lettire got the final three outs to record a save.
The Bulldogs are back in action on Sunday when they host a doubleheader against Cornell beginning at 12:30 p.m.
Report filed by Tim Bennett, Yale Sports Publicity


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NOTE: Image shows a headboard only in the same style and finish. This product is a full bed.
Delivery charges do vary depending upon your location, please check our delivery page for more information. Typical charge for England and Southern Wales would be £50.00 and is payable directly to the courier on receipt of your goods.
Product 8/30
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IMPORTANT NOTE: Classics Direct Limited (est 2005) is not associated with Modern Classics Direct or Italian Classics Direct.