text:
King Edward VI
5 of 3780 portraits matching these criteria:
- subject matching 'Carpets and textiles'
- Overview
- Tudor and Jacobean Portraits Database
© National Portrait Gallery, London
Tudor and Jacobean Portraits Database
King Edward VI
by Workshop associated with 'Master John'
oil on panel, circa 1547
61 1/4 in. x 32 in. (1556 mm x 813 mm)
New Date: c.1546-7
New attribution: Workshop associated with 'Master John'
Key findings: Original dating confirmed. Technical analysis has shown the dating of this picture is likely to be soon after the accession of Edward VI. Two significant changes were made during the painting process (the addition of a pillar with a coat of arms over a planned arched window and the change to Edward VI's right foot).
Historical summary
Purchased in 1982. The portrait was reportedly given by Edward VI to Peter Osbourne (1521-1592) of Chiswick Priory, Bedfordshire: he was keeper of the Privy Purse and Treasurers Remembrancer to Edward, and Minister of Ecclesiastical Affairs to Queen Elizabeth I. The painting then hung in the family home, until the house was sold in 1936 and the painting passed to Mr Richard H.D. Osbourne, Moor Park, Surrey.
Despite the fact that Edward VI lived for only 16 years and reigned for just 6 years, a surprising number of portraits of him both as Prince of Wales and as king exist. The multiple images reflect his importance as Henry VIII's only male heir. During Edward's lifetime the ownership and display of his portrait also became important as a way of showing allegiance to the new Protestant faith.
This portrait appears to have been painted in the first year of his reign and shows Edward in a pose similar to that of Henry VIII in the Holbein Cartoon. The composition of this painting is broadly based on the portrait of Edward as prince (Royal Collection, Windsor), perhaps by William Scrots. This portrait is one of four types that came into circulation at about the time Edward was prince.
Notes on likely authorship
The handling indicates a native English painter, and some broad similarities to the work of Master John (such as the pale blue priming) indicate a possible relationship, or the influence of that studio. Although this picture has been damaged and restored it seems possible to identify at least three different artists working on different parts of the picture. In busy workshops it was quite common for artists to become specialists at depicting certain parts of a picture. The costume, face and the pillar with the coat of arms all seem to be painted in a slightly different way
Commentary on condition, painting style, technique
The surface has suffered abrasion and much of the gilding has been lost. There are considerable losses in several areas. A pale blue priming layer appears to lie over the ground in most of the surface but might have been applied selectively in the area of the face. The painting has a complex layer structure with extensive use of silver and gold in areas. The use of gold and silver leaf probably reflects the materials in the actual fabric worn by Edward.
In the red costume, silver leaf has been laid in two layers, perhaps reflecting a fault with the first layer. The second layer was added at a late stage. A paint sample taken from the cloth canopy shows that in some areas there was a translucent copper green glaze which has deteriorated to a dull brown. The azurite used for the blue/green cushion and tassels has become greener with time, and has darkened with changes in the oil medium. The tassels have suffered considerable abrasion and have been restored to some extent. The carpet is painted with blended brushstrokes for the tufted surface. The handling is tighter and neater than in the carpet in the portrait of Katherine Parr (NPG 4451).The paint here around the column and coat of arms is opaque, fluid and confidently applied. The handling in this area indicates it was painted by a different hand, apparently a Netherlandish artist or an artist trained by a European émigré.
Two of the boards that were used to make the full-length panel have extremely interesting carved marks on the back of the panel: these appear to be cargo, merchant or quality marks inscribed into the wood before it was transported by boat to England.
Changes to the composition
There is evidence of several significant changes made to the composition at the painting stage:
- The positions of the fingers of the hand on the right and the cuff were changed slightly from the original underdrawn lines.
- The x-ray shows a dense area with a curved top at the top left beneath the wreathed coat of arms and marble column. The curve of the top can also be seen in the paint surface in raking light. It is evident from this that a window was originally painted on the left. It seems, therefore, that there may have been two windows in the initial design or that the window was moved at an early stage. This left side window was later painted over with a layer of black and the column and coat of arms painted in.
- The x-ray also shows that the position of the feet and to some extent the legs was altered. The feet were initially painted a little further apart with the right foot a little higher on the carpet. These changes can also be observed on the paint surface. This change was made after the carpet was painted in. The area where the right foot was placed originally (above the present foot) was blocked out with an opaque red.
Justification for dating
Key evidence found as a result of this study has shown that the changes to the background, and the addition of the royal coat of arms, would indicate that the picture was painted just shortly after Edward's accession (see above). The technique and materials in use are entirely consistent with a work from this period. Analysis of the wooden panel by dendrochronology has revealed that the board with the latest tree ring is unlikely to have been felled before 1530.
Drawing and transfer technique
Underdrawing can be seen under the paint surface in several areas. It is visible in the left temple, in the lips, eyes, nose, and the line of the chin, the outline of the undershirt collar and the hands.
Some of the drawing, whether applied as part of an addition to a pattern or as free hand, appears spontaneous. For example, the drawing indicating shadow in the temple is executed with a simple zig-zag line. The lines in the eyes and eyebrows are finer and may be traced.
Relevance to other known versions
An early portrait of Edward as Prince attributed to Scrots is in the Royal Collection (without the Royal Arms) RCIN 404441. A similar picture is at Petworth House (also with the Royal Arms but with a different background and dated 1547) NT 485085.
Other versions exist at:
- Hampton Court (as by Scrots)
- Musée de Roanne (as by Scrots)
- Louvre (attrib. to Scrots) RF 561
- Los Angeles County Museum, with inscription Sold by Los Angeles County Museum
Later versions of this composition also exist:
- Audley End
- Cornbury Park
- Northwick Park, sword without belt
- King Edward VI School, Birmingham
- Ex coll. Earl of Minto
- Helmingham Hall
- Hermitage St Petersburg, School of Holbein
- Sotheby's Amsterdam Sale 16/17 Oct 2001
- Montacute House (NPG1999) NT 597952
- Hodgkins coll. Once from the collection of Sir J C Robinson
- Longford Castle, coll. Earl of Rednor
- Losely Park, after Scrots
- Bristol Baptist College, Avon
- Christ's Hospital, 22
- Westwood Manor, Wiltshire, NT 222677
- Lytes Cary Manor, Somerset, NT 254694
- Sold by Sothebys 4th July 2012
Strong, Roy, Tudor & Jacobean Portraits, 1969, pp.87-94
Strong, Roy, The Elizabethan Image: Painting in England 1540- 1620, Tate Gallery, 1969-70, p.11, (No.2)
Compare Images (what's this? )
Compare high-resolution images against the painting - mainly x-ray and infra-red photography images, but sometimes UV or raking light images - side by side with the ability to zoom in on details.
The panel is in reasonable condition. The paint surface has a slight tendency to develop shallow blisters and should be monitored. The paint surface has suffered abrasion in many areas. There are numerous old restored paint losses, including down the panel joins. The flesh paint is very worn and the blue priming is evident under the thin paint. There are many areas of restoration in the red costume, in the blue cushion and in the gold canopy. The gold canopy has lost many of its glazes. The restoration is in good condition and well matched. The gilt column and the coat of arms are the areas of the paint surface in the best condition. The varnish is reasonably even and semi-glossy.
The gilding has suffered much abrasion and losses along the panel joins. There is restoration in many parts. There are residues of an opaque granular brown overpaint which covered the thin transparent brown glaze on the gold areas before restoration in 1983.
Number of boards: 3
Panel Orientation: Vertical
Panel condition observations
The panel is in good condition. It has a slight convex warp. The top of the right side join is opening a little. There are old woodworm holes visible at the back. The furthest right and central boards (from reverse) retain their riven surfaces on the reverse, and both have extremely interesting gouge marks (see Tyers Dendrochronology report and raking light photographs). There are also other applied marks on the verso, which are probably cargo marks, merchant marks or quality marks applied before transportation of the wood from the Baltic (see Reverse01). The left-hand board (from the reverse) has a sawn surface, with a 'scar' at the lower edge where the saw cut was broken through, rather than completely sawn through. There are vertical wood buttons and wood strips, and also strips of canvas on the back of the joins; these are not original and were applied to strengthen and repair the joins. There are old woodworm holes, especially in the left hand member.
Dendrochronology (what's this? )
An examination of tree rings, which can help to provide the earliest possible felling dates for the wood used for the panel. The technique can also indicate the geographical origin of the wood.
Number of boards: 3
Last date of tree ring: 1522
The boards were labelled A to C from the left for analysis (from the front). The last tree ring identified (found in board C) was from 1522. No sapwood was present at the outermost edges of any of the boards so a terminus post quem date can be applied. Adding the minimum expected number of sapwood rings suggests that the tree used for board C cannot have been felled before 1530.
X-radiography (what's this? )
A technique used to identify changes in composition beneath the surface of the paint layers and to understand the physical structure of a panel or canvas.
The x-ray image is extremely interesting and shows considerable changes across the painting (see x-ray mosaic 01). Changes can be seen in the position of the foot on the left (see x-ray 09) and to some extent the legs, and a dense area with a curved top (top left) showing the window which was painted beneath the column and the coat of arms (see x-ray 01). These changes indicate that the picture was significantly revised during the painting process (see Surface examination). The holes made by the points of the compasses can be seen in the centre of the decorative balls on the chair. The lead containing mordant under the gilding can be seen very clearly.
The thin modelling in the face is visible. The wood grain, dowels and metal plates can be seen in x-ray (see Support).
Infrared reflectography (what's this? )
A technique used to observe the layers beneath the paint surface which can reveal underdrawing and changes to the initial design.
Fine lines of carbon-based underdrawing can be seen in the hands and temples (see DIRR 01). Changes of position in the fingers and cuff can also be seen (see IRR mosaic 02) (see also Surface examination). The carpet design can be seen extending beneath the foot on the left, indicating that it was painted before the foot was repositioned. Reserves for the cushion and the central blue core of the tassels can also be seen.
Paint sampling (what's this? )
Investigation into microscopic pigment samples or samples of other media in order to help with dating, to reveal the order of the paint layers and help to understand the painting techniques used.
Investigation was carried out by Ashok Roy in 1983 and Libby Sheldon in 2007.
The layer structure is similar to that of Katherine Parr (NPG 4451) with a chalk ground, and a thin light blue priming containing azurite, lead white, umber and red ochre, under most if not the whole painting (see Surface examination).
Mordant under gold
The yellow from the lower part of the raised decoration on the cloak (below the fur on the right-hand side) was found to be a mixture of a lead-tin yellow with red ochre with a little black. The yellow from the more raised decoration was the same mixture, but with a good deal of lead white added to make it brighter in colour.
The blue tassel on the lower left was investigated and it was found that azurite was the only blue pigment present.
Cloth canopy
Two samples were taken from the backdrop in 1983. These established that the gold leaf here was applied over a yellowish mordant and the patterns were painted in black over the gold, but could not identify copper in the glaze layer (see Surface examination). In 2007, some fragments of greenish glaze were observed on the surface and sampled by Libby Sheldon (see Surface examination). In cross-section this showed a layer with characteristics of a copper green glaze which has deteriorated to a translucent brown. A particle of verdigris was also present in the mixture.
A sample taken by Sheldon from the carpet (see sample 3) shows complex structure in the carpet - possibly where areas overlap. Sample 4 is very similar to the paint structure in a sample taken by Hassall (sample 1) from the portrait of Katherine Parr (NPG 4451). Hassall attributed the dark layer to a pentiment, and Sheldon supported this suggestion.
Another sample was taken from a green area of carpet, which found a pale green with a green glaze over it, and then a further layer of opaque green paint. This opaque paint was found to be a mixture of azurite and lead-tin yellow (Energy dispersive x-ray analysis by Sheldon, 2007). Azurite was also used in a mixed green in the carpet in Katherine Parr (NPG 4451), but in that case with earth pigments. The glaze layer might be verdigris (also found in the cloth canopy - see above).
Blue sky
Samples taken by Sheldon showed the sky to be composed of layers of azurite and lead white.
Surface examination (what's this? )
An examination of the construction of paint layers, glazes and condition often using a microscope. This method provides important evidence concerning an artist's technique and paint handling and can reveal a specific artist's characteristic painting style.
Painting style and method
Preparation layers
The panel was prepared with a white chalk ground.
A pale blue priming (see Paint sampling for composition) can be seen in areas of abrasion, e.g. the hands and parts of the face, in the edges of the cracks in the red costume, and along the top and bottom edges of the paint surface where it flows over the unpainted edges of the panel (see micro 01, micro 04 and micro 19). It can be seen in the shadows of the temples, chin and eyelid (see micro 19). Examination with the microscope seems to show only the white ground under most of the paint surface of the face, and the underdrawing seems to lie on the white ground layer. However, the face is very abraded and much restored, and the blue priming has probably been lost in some parts of the flesh paint.
Underdrawing and planning
Underdrawing can be seen under the paint surface in several areas (see micro 08 and micro 09). Drawing indicating shadow in the temple is executed with a simple zig-zag line (see micro 06), and lines in the mouth and nose, and along the chin and the undershirt collar appear to be in the same medium. Lines in the eyes and eyebrows are finer. The positions of the fingers of the hand on the right and the cuff were changed at the painting stage (see also Infrared reflectography).
The golden balls at the top of the throne, the ends of the arms and the claw and ball feet were drawn with a pair of compasses: incised circles are visible in the surface under the gilding - this is particularly visible at the left throne back and at the front of the left arm. The hole where the point of the compass rested is visible in the centre of these balls (see micro 13) and can also be seen in the x-ray image (see X-ray).
A window was painted in at the left at an early stage. This can be seen in x-ray and its outline can faintly be seen on surface examination. It was painted over at a later stage with a layer of black, then the column and coat of arms were painted (see below). The lines of the left edge of the window and the fluting in the column have been drawn with a straight edge and seem to be incised in the paint surface.
Paint layer structure
Azurite and black pigment observed in the white of the eyes, and brown and red in the iris.
Red outer robe
As with the costume in the portrait of Catherine Parr (NPG 4451), the red has been painted over silver leaf of a comparable thickness to leaf gilding. However, in a sampled area of this painting (Ashok Roy's 1983 investigation), the silver has been applied twice (see micro 27). Initially, a layer of silver leaf was applied over a mordant, then a red glaze painted over the silver. Over this another similar but warmer and more opaque mordant (containing lead white, red lead/ochre and azurite) was applied, and then another layer of silver. In cross-section, lead soaps can be seen in the upper mordant. Roy states that the similarity in manner of execution and appearance of the two sequences suggests that these are by the same workshop, and therefore both part of the original painting, rather than later additions.
The strips of opaque red around the edges of the outer robe, under the gilded embroidery, do not have silver leaf or red glaze, but under the microscope it can be seen that these strips were painted before the second sequence of silver leaf and red glaze were applied to the rest of the robe. It is also clear that the white sleeves and some of the blue/green paint of the tassels were painted before the second layer of silver was applied (see bottom edge of dagger tassel).
It seems most likely that the first silver layer was applied at the same time as the gold leaf on the throne, canopy and backdrop (see below), at an early stage in the creation of the painting, when the principle elements of the composition were laid in. The red lake over the lower layer would then have been painted in when initial paint layers were applied in other areas. The second layer of silver leaf was evidently added at a late stage in the process just before the final details on the painting were added, probably around the time the position of feet and legs was altered. There is no obvious explanation for the presence of two layers of silver leaf but the first layer was probably unsatisfactory in some way.
Detail on the costume
Much of the gilded detail on the costume was finely painted first with a light brown mordant. In the more raised sections, such as the raised threads, the Garter chain, the jewels on the hat and the detail on the dagger, this was followed by a paler layer (containing the same pigments, with more white) as a thick mordant for gold leaf (see Paint sampling). The surface has suffered abrasion and in many parts only the mordant is visible, as the gold has been lost.
Shoes and fur edging to coat
The slits in the shoes are painted with a smooth wet-in-wet technique. The threads along the slits were among the last parts of the painting to be applied, at the same stage as the fine brushstrokes for the final details of the fur edging of the coat.
The gilding on the chair
Feet: the balls were gilded at an early stage but the claws were gilded after the initial layers of carpet paint had been applied. The modelling on the gilding was carried out with transparent brown glazes.
Cushion and tassels
The blue/green cushion and inner cores of the tassels contain azurite, which has darkened and become more green over time, with changes in the oil medium (see Paint sampling). The outer and lower edges of the right-hand tassel are painted in black. The light threads were gilded over a mordant, using the same technique noted in the costume. The tassels have suffered considerable abrasion and have been restored to some extent. The gilded decoration on the cushion is extremely damaged but some of it remains.
The gold canopy and backdrop
The gold leaf was applied over a yellowish mordant layer (see Roy's 1983 report). The patterns were painted in black over the gold, and the gold and pattern then glazed with an overall thin brown layer (see detail 12). A further glaze was applied in parallel lines to achieve variation in tone. In places, some fragments of what might be a copper green glaze can be seen (see micro 11 and Paint sampling).
Pearls on the throne
Pigments observed: black, lead white and azurite.
The carpet is painted with a technique of blended brushstrokes for the tufted surface, similar to that used in the carpet in the portrait of Catherine Parr (NPG 4451). Here, however, the handling is tighter and neater, and more comparable to the carpet in the portrait of Thomas Cranmer (NPG 535). It is likely that this area is painted by a different artist (see [detail 02|img/[5511_2012_detail02.jpg]}). Pigments observed are also similar: yellow ochre, lead white, vermilion, red lake, black, lead-tin yellow and azurite. One paint sample showed similarities in structure to the Catherine Parr carpet (see Paint sampling).
Column, coat of arms with wreath
The column, wreath and coat of arms were applied at a late stage in the process and were painted over the window initially painted at the left (see detail 14). The column was painted first, and the wreath and coat of arms over it. The wreath was painted after the crown, and the apple decorations added last. The gilt-bronze base of the column is painted with lead-tin yellow, with no gilding. In all sections, the mid-tones and shadows were put in first, then the highlights added. The paint is quite thick and opaque, fluid and confidently applied (see micro 21, micro 22, micro 24, micro 26). The highlight pigments appear to be lead-tin yellow and lead-tin yellow mixed with earth pigments and vermilion. The handling of these passages indicates that they were painted by a different hand from other parts of the picture: they are painted in a more 'modern' manner than the decorative work elsewhere.
Order of construction
- White chalk ground
- Pale blue priming
- Underdrawing
It is difficult to establish the order of the subsequent paint and metal leaf layers, as it seems that several painters may have been involved. It can, however, be assumed that the column, wreath and coat of arms were amongst the last elements to be painted.
See above for detailed discussion of various stages of the construction process.
Azurite with some malachite (throughout the painting different grades, due to levels of grinding, of azurite were used), lead white, carbon black, red ochre, lead-tin yellow, vermilion, red lake glaze, verdigris, gold leaf, silver leaf
Changes to the composition/pentimenti
It seems that there were two windows in the initial design. The curve of the top can been seen in the paint surface in raking light (see above and X-ray).
Changes to the feet can be seen from the paint surface: they were initially painted a little further apart with the foot on the left placed a little higher on the carpet (see X-ray). It is clear that they were made after the carpet was painted in because carpet paint can be seen beneath the lower part of the feet where the surface has been abraded, especially on the foot on the left. The area where the foot on the left was placed originally (above the present foot) was blocked out with an opaque red. It seems that the red glaze applied over this has faded, perhaps due to the presence of lead white in the overpainted foot paint, which would have more reflectance and therefore cause more fading.
Ultra violet examination (what's this? )
A method which helps to reveal past restoration and the extent of varnish layers.
Examination in ultra violet light shows extensive restoration across the whole surface, down the panel joins and in abraded areas.
See this portrait
On display in Room 1 at the National Portrait Gallery


text:
kbs2244 wrote:Well. You may read the story of Balaam and Job that way, but it sure is not the accepted view when you take the whole context into view.
Yes, it's quite amazing what a different conclusion you can come to when you just read the words on the page and have no-one to tell you what they should mean.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
OsmoSDR status update
It has been two months since I first was able to play with the OsmoSDR hardware prototypes. Back at that time, there was no FPGA code yet, and some hardware bugs still had to be resolved. Nonetheless, the e4k tuner driver could already be implemented and tuning was confirmed by looking at the analog i/q spectrum.
Meanwhile, the hardware has been re-worked by SR-Systems and FPGA VHDL code written by maintech.de. Ever since that, they dropped the ball again with me as I had been careless enough to volunteer for writing the firmware.
And that's what I did or at least tried to do for quite some time during the last two weeks. The main problem was that I didn't have much time. The second problem was that I never was able to get the SSC (synchronous serial controller) receive DMA working.
This was a really odd experience, as I've worked a lot with that very same SSC peripheral before, while writing firmware for the OpenPICC some 6 years ago. However, this was in an at91sam7s, where the SSC is interfaced with the PDC (Peripheral DMA Controller). In the at91sam3u of OsmoSDR, it interfaces with a more modern DMAC/HDMA controller, capable of scatter-gather DMA and other fancy stuff.
Atmel has provided reference code that uses the SSC DMA in transmit mode (for a USB audio device playing back music via the Wolfson codec on the SAM3U-EK board). After thoroughly studying the DMAC/HDMA documentation I set out to write code for DMA-based SSC receiver. And it never worked.
I actually wrote two independent implementations, one from scratch and the other based on Atmel reference code. Neither of them worked. It seemed to be a problem with the hardware hand-shaking between SSC and DMAC. The SSC was successfully receiving data, and that data could be read out from the CPU using a polling or IRQ based driver. But if you're running at something like 32 Mbps and don't have a FIFO, you desperately want to use DMA. When the DMA handshaking was turned off, the DMA code worked, but of course it read the same received word several thousand times before the next data arrived on the SSC.
In the end, I was actually convinced it must be a silicon bug. Until I thought well, maybe they just connected the flow controller to a different ID in Rx and Tx direction. Since there are only 16 such identifiers, it was relatively easy to brute-force all of them and see if it worked. And voila - using the identifier 4, it worked!
So what had happened? The Atmel-provided reference code contained a
#define BOARD_SSC_DMA_HW_SRC_REQ_ID AT91C_HDMA_SRC_PER_3and that was wrong. 3 is valid for SSC TX but not for SSC RX. Unfortunately I never found any of those magic numbers in the SAM3U manual either. They are not documented in the chapter of the SSC, and they are not documented in the chapter about HDMA/DMAC either. And they are not identical with the Peripheral Identifiers that are used all over the chip for the built-in peripherals.
In case anyone else is interested, a patch can be found at my at91lib git repository.
I filed a ticket with Atmel support, and they pointed out in fact there was a table with those identifiers somewhere in the early introductory chapters where you can see a brief summary of the features of each integrated peripheral. Unfortunately they use slightly different naming in that chapter and in the DMAC, so a full-text search also didn't find them. Neither is that table visible in the PDF index.
So about four man-days later it was finally working. Another day was spent on integrating it with the USB DMA for sending high-speed isochronous transfers over the bus into the PC. And ever since I'm happily receiving something like 500,000 or 1,000,000 samples / second from an alsa device, using snd-usb-audio. Luckily, unlike MacOS or Windows, the Linux audio drivers don't make arbitrary restrictions in the sample rate. According to the USB Audio spec, the sample rate can be any 24bit number. So audio devices with 16.7 Ms/s are very much within the spec. I hope some of the other OS driver writers would take that to their heart.
One of the first captures can be found at this link, containing a bzip2ed wave file in S16LE format Stereo (I/Q). It contains a FM audio signal transmitted using a small pocket-sized FM transmitter.
There is no I/Q DC offset calibration yet, but once that is done we're probably able to finally put the design into production.


text:
Watch CBSN Live
Kumbuka, a Western Lowland gorilla, in his enclosure during ZSL London Zoo's annual stocktake of animals, in London, England, Jan. 2, 2014.
The zoo's annual stocktake requires keepers to check on the numbers of every one of the 800 different animals species held, including every invertebrate, bird, fish, mammal, reptile, and amphibian.
Credit: Oli Scarff/Getty Images
Zookeeper Ben Baker looks at a Bell's Anglehead Lizard as it sits on the end of his pencil during the annual stocktake at Chester Zoo in Chester, northern England, Jan. 2, 2014.
The annual stocktake is a compulsory count, with the results data shared with zoos around the world and used to manage the international breeding programmes for endangered animals.
Credit: Phil Noble/Reuters
Credit: Neil Hall/Reuters
Credit: Kirsty Wigglesworth/AP


text:
TheSpud wrote:Anyone have any views on the American left side drive track bike? Would it make any difference do you think?
Yes, it will. Aerodynamics play a huge part in track cycling, much more so than on the road. A lot of it can be a trade-off, most powerful position versus most aero versus comfort, but with the crank the only thing that can change is aerodynamics. It's a bit like shoe covers in road TTs, they are the best bang for your buck as they are extremely cheap and are only beneficial. Whether the difference is influential on results massively depends on the riders and the level of competition.


text:
This is not an offer for credit and should be used for estimation purposes only based on the information you provided. You should not base your decision on this estimate alone. Title, registration, tax and other fees, and personal circumstances such as employment status and personal credit history, were not considered in the calculations.
Some people immediately choose the best in whatever they're after. And if you're looking for the best, you've come to the right place. The Rincon stands at the top of our ATV lineup. The Rincon offers our biggest ATV engine, unmatched comfort and ride quality, and class-leading innovation.
The heart of the matter: a single-cylinder liquid-cooled 675cc engine featuring a twin-plug cylinder head. The longitudinal-crankshaft layout (a Honda innovation) means more power actually gets to the ground, so the Rincon can offer the real-world power of the competition's bigger, heavier models.
Premium long-travel suspension, rugged bodywork, strong steel racks front and rear—the Rincon's list of features is endless. One thing you can't see but is readily apparent is the Rincon's all-day comfort, something serious ATV riders will appreciate. And then there's just the way the Rincon looks: Strong. Purposeful. Like a flagship ATV should.
And to top it all off, you can choose from a wide spectrum of colors for 2016, including Honda Phantom Camo® as well as Red and Olive.
Important Safety Information: Recommended for riders 16 years of age and older. Honda recommends that all ATV riders take a training course and read their owner's manual thoroughly.
Front - Dual hydraulic 180mm disc
Rear - Single hydraulic disc
Front - 25 x 8-12 radial
Rear - 25 x 10-12 radial
Front - Independent double-wishbone; 7.28 inches travel
Rear - Swingarm with single shock; 7.28 inches travel


text:
Odd Man Rush: Ovechkin, Capitals answer the call in Game 1
Philadelphia, PA – The Washington Capitals' top-ranked power play didn't figure to get many chances in the first round against the New York Rangers, who came into the series as the least-penalized team during the NHL season.
That had to make things even more frustrating when the Caps failed to convert on their first three chances while up a man in Thursday's Game 1 in Washington. Even worse was that the club found itself down a goal after 20 minutes despite the early chances and shot advantage.
But the Rangers played with fire one too many times and finally got burned when Alex Ovechkin's power-play goal 6:59 into the second period sparked a three-goal frame and an eventual 3-1 win for the Capitals.
It was uncharacteristic of the Rangers, who were shorthanded five times in a game for the first time since April 6. It spelled their doom thanks to Ovechkin's 31st career playoff goal as he one-timed home Mike Green's wide shot from the high slot.
"Right away after we had no success on a couple of power plays, we were saying we have to play it simple and just come down and play our game. It was a big goal for us," noted Ovechkin, who passed Peter Bondra for the most power-play goals in franchise history.
Ten of those have come versus the Rangers.
"We can't take that many penalties in the game," Rangers coach John Tortorella said. "They did get a good bounce off the boards. ... Hopefully, we will discipline ourselves next game."
It was a sign of hard work by the Capitals, who have come up short of winning the Stanley Cup for the past few seasons despite some dominating regular seasons.
The Rangers know Ovechkin doesn't need any help finding the back of the net. The Russian winger closed the regular season with 22 goals in 21 games to earn his third career Maurice "Rocket" Richard Trophy as the league's leading scorer. He ended the campaign with 32 goals for his eighth straight 30-goal campaign despite the shortened season.
Credit has to go to first-year Capitals head coach Adam Oates, who had his team clicking at a 26.8 rate on the man advantage during the regular season. He made sure his players kept their heads up despite missing out on early opportunities.
"You try to have patience on every power play and try to make all the right decisions all the time," Oates said. "Sometimes, maybe in the heat of the moment we're not as sharp, sometimes guys are tired, sometimes the ice is lousy, sometimes it's good. On that particular one, yeah I guess we did (have patience)."
And while Washington made sure it capitalized while up a man, it also kept the Rangers' struggling power-play unit off balance. New York failed to score on any of its four chances, including a near-minute of a 5-on-3 advantage midway through the second period of a tie game.
"It's a momentum thing. The momentum is going to change so many times in a series. But they came up strong and we played 60 minutes of hockey. That's what we need to do if want to move on," Caps forward Martin Erat said.
It was certainly a game that the Capitals didn't want to lose given the performance of Braden Holtby, who outdueled Rangers goaltender and reigning Vezina Trophy winner Henrik Lundqvist.
Holtby is starting to build quite the playoff reputation at the age of 23. He made 35 saves for his eighth career postseason win in 15 games and has yet to lose back-to-back contests in the playoffs.
If that stat holds up, it will make having winning Game 1 all that more important.


text:
thanks, nick, for getting the self-portrait party off to a great start!
Sunday, February 1, 2009
nicholas jackson
Posted by rama hughes at 8:21 AM
No comments:
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)
when i was younger, my family and i used to have portrait parties. we would congregate in the living room every few months and turn our attention from person to person, drawing everyone in the room. it was such a pleasure and so normal in my life that trading portraits became a regular event when i left for college, when i moved to new towns, when i met new friends or favorite artists. tommy kane suggested that it would make a good website. so, that's what this is... AND YOU'RE INVITED!
thanks, nick, for getting the self-portrait party off to a great start!


text:
BATON ROUGE — A congressman who represents portions of Terrebonne and Lafourche parishes believes taxpayers should have the option of helping pay down the federal deficit.
BATON ROUGE — A congressman who represents portions of Terrebonne and Lafourche parishes believes taxpayers should have the option of helping pay down the federal deficit.
Rep. Steve Scalise, R-Metairie, said taxpayers would only have to check a box on their tax forms to pay above and beyond their tax liability in an effort to offset the shortfall.
For the most recently completed fiscal year, the federal deficit was $1.1 trillion, down from $1.3 trillion during the 2010-2011 fiscal year, according to President Barack Obama's administration.
Scalise calls it the "Buffett Rule," named for billionaire investor Warren Buffett, who made headlines for admitting his secretary pays a higher percentage of income tax than he does because of special loopholes for the wealthy.
The proposal passed the House unanimously by a voice vote in September, but there has been little movement on the concept from the Senate side.
Scalise said he plans on reintroducing the legislation during the next session of Congress.
The legislation, though, has as much to do about policy as it does politics.
"The president keeps insisting that he wants to raise taxes on hard-working families and small businesses, and has used Warren Buffett as the poster-child for his class warfare scheme because Buffett complains that he doesn't pay enough in taxes," Scalise said.
If Buffett and others feel they're not paying enough in taxes, they can simply check the box and "put their money where their mouth is," Scalise said.
Obama is touting his own "Buffett Rule," which the White House's website describes as a "simple principle" about fair shares: "No household making more than a $1 million should pay a smaller share of their income in taxes than middle-class families pay. For the 98 percent of American families who make less than $250,000, taxes should not go up."
Scalise said his "Buffett Rule" is a "common sense alternative" to the president's plan.
"The problem we're having in America is not that we are taxed too little, it's that Washington is spending too much, and you don't solve that problem by sending Washington even more money to spend in the form of job-killing tax hikes," he said.
The Economic Policy Institute, a left-leaning think tank, took the position about a month ago that Obama's program would help create 43,000 jobs in 2013 and roughly 95,000 jobs per year from 2014 through 2017.
EPI Senior Policy Analyst Ethan Pollack said Obama's Buffet Rule would raise about $60 billion for the federal government over the next five years and nearly $163 billion over a decade if implemented, which could then be invested in job creation.
"Implementing the Buffett Rule would make the tax system fairer, and it would generate much-needed revenue to invest in job-creation measures such as repairing the nation's crumbling infrastructure," Pollack said.
As drafted in this year's legislation, the voluntary check box proposed by Scalise that would be included on tax forms would be accompanied by the following message: "By checking here, I signify that in addition to my tax liability (if any), I would like to donate the included payment to be used exclusively for the purpose of paying down the national debt."
Beginning in January, Scalise will begin representing the newly configured 1st Congressional District, which will include southern Terrebonne and Lafourche parishes.
The new congressional district will also include the parishes of Plaquemines, St. Bernard, and St. Tammany, and portions of Jefferson, Orleans and Tangipahoa parishes.
Jeremy Alford can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Get out your beaker and magnifying glass. From astronomy to zoology, you'll find everything you need to investigate the world around you.
Whether you're a trial-and-error kind of girl or a dismantle-and-rebuild kind of guy, Science Reference Center can help you solve the mystery.
Unlock your access today. All you need is your library card number, as it appears on the back of your card.
Don't have a library card yet? Sign up now.
9 a.m. - 9 p.m.
9 a.m. - 6 p.m.
9 a.m. - 6 p.m.
1 p.m. - 6 p.m.


text:
- Home
- News
- Sports
- Opinion
- Obituaries
- Features
- Special Sections
- Classifieds
- Public Notices
By VINCE LUECKE, Editor
I watched a woman last Monday night, who I guessed to be in her 70s, sit down before a meal of two small hamburgers and fries. Before she dug into her supper, she offered a silent prayer and made the sign of the cross.
Her simple gesture reminded me that we all too often forget to give thanks for what we enjoy every day, whether it's our health, family, friends or the food that sustains us.
I was taught to pray before meals, but good habits developed at home have a way of falling by the wayside later in life. I very seldom give thanks to God or others for what I eat, or devote much thought for who grew, packaged, shipped or prepared it. Harvest is a good time to give credit to the farmers who grow our food. Someone, somewhere grew the wheat or corn that went into the tortilla-like burger wrap I was eating. Someone cared for the steer or heifer that provided the meat. Someone stooped over to harvest the head of lettuce and planted and tended to the tomato.
Most of us with more than enough to eat and clothes to wear don't know what it's like to go without. When the temperatures got a little too cold this week, I simply turned on the furnace. How many hundreds of millions – maybe billions of people – don't have that luxury? How many of them have to gather firewood to not only stay warm but to cook the food they and their families need? How many go cold?
The little lady making the sign of the cross instilled in me a reminder of the need to give thanks regularly, not only to God who makes all things grow, but to those who give us what we have. We forget there are people, most of whom who work far harder than me and who make less, who ensure I have food and clothing. Maybe we all need to think about those folks and their everyday struggles.
I sometimes think Thanksgiving comes too late in the year for southern Indiana. Most years, the harvest has already wrapped up as November comes to an end.
The farm-harvest season came early this year, many fields are already gleaned and with the drought, it appears to be late fall. Perhaps we need reminding that rejoicing at the harvest means giving thanks for the gentle reminders, big and small, God sends us.
To the small-framed lady eating the two hamburgers in McDonald's, thank you for the reminder.
Canine Award
Congratulations to Derrick Lawalin, the canine officer at the Tell City Police Department, for his award from the American Police Canine Association. The News reported last week that Derrick and his canine partner, Jago, earned an award for uncommon valor. The award singled out their actions for putting a safe end to a pursuit.
Arriving just after the man slid his car into a ditch with police in pursuit, the man kept hitting the accelerator in an attempt to get away. The dog took a bite or two at the suspect, who gave up right away.
I was johnny on the spot when all of this happened, so I can vouch for the actions of officer and dog.
The award reflects well on Derrick and Jago, the Tell City Police Department and local law enforcement.
Add new comment
Read and share your thoughts on this story


text:
Minara Begum is a very special lady in Amtoli Upazila of Barguna district, well known for her courage and hard work. Her determination to lift herself out of extreme poverty to a stable financial position has drawn the attention of many people in the locality. Her strength and resilience is evident in how she survived the devastating cyclone 'Sidr', which hit the coast of Bangladesh in 2007, and rebuilt her life afterwards.
Minara's life had never been easy. Her first husband divorced her for not being able to bear children and her second husband was too ill to earn much. So she had to take up most of the burden of the family. With money she had received from her first husband, Minara bought a cow and slowly she was able to increase her livestock up to nine, which she sold in order to buy land. But misfortune struck her when cyclone Sidr destroyed her standing crops and smashed the roof of her house, which fell on her husband. Since then her husband has been suffering from back pain, unable to work as a day laborer in the field and has become totally dependent on Minara's income.
Cyclone Sidr left Minara in a hopeless state - she had lost everything she had worked so hard for. She had no clothes; she could afford only one meal a day. Fortunately, she was selected as a beneficiary of the Livestock subcomponent of the Emergency Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project (ECRRP) in 2010 and given training in the Livestock Farmers' Field School (L-FFS). She received a livestock package of ten ducks, poultry feed and an improved poultry shed. At the time of delivery of the package, she had no livestock and the yearly income of her family was only Tk. 12,000 ($150) mostly from her wages as a day laborer. She had only 40 decimals of land, including her homestead.
After receiving the ten ducks from the ECRRP, she reared those, and when they matured, she sold eggs and ducklings. She then used part of the money earned to purchase goats, eventually selling them and buying a calf. She also used money earned from her profits to release her husband's mortgaged land.
Says Minara Begum: "I run the family as my husband cannot work. If any unforeseen problem arises, then I can handle it by selling a goat; otherwise I am unable to do it. That is why I'm trying for more income. I do not have any children, but I have the future. If I remain sick for five days, there is none to look after me. If I have money, then others will look after me."
Minara's belief in herself and her attempts to improve her situation despite all misfortunes has greatly encouraged the local people to try and improve their circumstances. Her patience and perseverance paid off and she is now the proud owner of seven goats, one cow, one calf, several hens and a few ducks. She runs the family by selling eggs, milk and livestock. Her annual income has increased more than four times in three years and is now Tk. 50,000 ($625). Thus her dream of a better life has been realized after receiving the ten ducks.
Minara has also earned the respect of her peers and neighbors. They often come to her for advice. She has been selected as co-chair of her L-FFS and her opinion is valued in her community; in many ways, this forty-five year old woman is considered a star. She has also been invited along with other successful beneficiaries to different Upazilas to explain her experience to the livestock holders, and share her success stories. Thanks to a simple livestock package provided by the ECRRP, she has been able to overcome all hurdles and ultimately triumph over her misfortunes.
Join the Conversation
Ladies like Minara are truly an inspiration for Bangladeshis. She had the determination to overcome tremendous odds and take care of her family, and the project gave her the opportunity to become resilient.
Its very heartening to note that Mrs.Minara Begum have been able to get out of the clasp of poverty with generous help and skill development training from the ECRRP. But the project must look into the sustainability of her present good fortune through ensuring disease free condition of her precious livestock and assured market for the goods she brings for selling. One factor that must be given serious thinking is her livestock must be given protection through some sort of insurance scheme against natural calamities, disease and theft. Otherwise in one fine morning she might find her good fortune has evaporated through some vagaries of nature or for some human connivance leaving her again to the clasp of poverty.
amazing story of resilience and encouragement. Loved it
Minara begum proved willpower is the best strength to survive in any worse condition. She is the role model for millions of people who have lost their hope and dream. Really hats off to Minara Begum


text:
Tag Archives: Maytag
Our Divided Nation
You don't need to be a pundit or connoisseur of the blogosphere to know our nation has become more polarized than ever. Nirvana for one is anathema to another. Whether discussing the budget, proposed controls, alleged leaks, environmental issues – … Continue reading
Posted in Humor, Musings Tagged Amazon, Bosch, Consumer Reports, dishwasher reviews, epinions, Home Depot, Maytag, Sears Comments Off on Our Divided Nation


text:
It takes a gentle touch to do a gritty job
When Steve Bertrando hired his goddaughter, Codi Caulder, to work at his new tire store in Landenberg six years ago, he wasn't quite sure it would work out.
Women, he figured, weren't quite adept at working in what many consider a man's profession.
But Bertrando found that women actually performed better than men. Today, his business, All About Tires on Baltimore Pike, employs three young women, one of whom just had a baby.
"It's funny with how the chemistry works out with the girls," Bertrando said. "A friend of mine started a business with a partner a month ago and already they aren't getting along. Everybody gets along really well here."
Gina Compello, Casey Gray and Deyci Lopez combine for about 20 years of service at the tire store. All of them perform all of the physical labor required to lift and mount tires on cars and trucks.
"For a little 100-pound girl like (Compello) to pick up some of the things she picks up is amazing," Bertrando said. "I wouldn't want them changing a tractor trailer tire because that gets heavy, but passenger cars and light trucks, these girls can do it all."
Dave Lerch, who joined with Bertrando seven years ago, said he's noticed that women work better than men.
"They have a nice touch," he said. "We get a lot of high-end cars in here, and guys tend to slap things up but these girls have more of a gentle touch. Some of the rims alone are worth $1,200 and the girls can handle it. They are more trustworthy and organized than men."
Every one of the women at All About Tires can mount and balance four tires on a small car in about 13 minutes.
"They are the NASCAR of passenger cars and light trucks," Lerch said.
Gray, who lives in Oxford, said she doesn't mind the physical work.
"I'd rather be doing this than sitting in a big office with a cubicle," she said.
Lopez, who lives in Landenberg with her two sons and newborn daughter, said she doesn't mind manual labor. She worked up until her eighth month of pregnancy. She'll return to work in January.
Bertrando said it took about two months to train the women. He taught them proper technique for tire installation and stressed safety.
Bertrando said he's noticed more companies hiring women because they get along better than men on the job.
"One of our tire companies saw how good our girls worked together here and the first two hires they had were girls," he said. "It's a good dynamic. There's not a lot of alpha male thing going on. The girls blend right in."
Written on Friday, April 26, 2013 by
Permalink |


text: This CD ROM contains a 511 page book complete with photographs and maps of sites in the U.S. associated with the Manhattan Project and subsequent nuclear weapons development throughout the Cold War. It provides an view of the nuclear weapons complex that spread to numerous locations throughout the United States. Topics covered include the decisions that initiated the Manhattan Project; mining, milling and refining uranium and thorium; enriching isotopes of uranium, hydrogen, and lithium; fabricating reactor fuel and control elements; operating reactors and recovering their products; designing and manufacturing the weapons; and testing the weapons. The authors' sources include references in print and video, personal interviews, and visits to the sites. There is an extensive bibliography that provides references to other accounts of the Cold War and the nuclear weapons complex in the United States. There is a companion website.


text:
If you visited the Navistar booth during the 2013 Mid America Trucking Show last week, you would've found it hard to miss its unique "Project Horizon" concept truck – and not just because it sat smack dab in the middle of OEM's display, surrounded by a silvered, tubular fence, mind you.
Jack Allen, president of the company's North America Truck and Parts subsidiary, noted that the "Project Horizon" vehicle highlights what he called the "near term" possibilities in terms of making commercial trucks more efficient and more driver-friendly.
[To view more photos of this unique vehicle, please click here.]
"This is not a 'way out there' vehicle," Allen said. "This is a 'near term' demonstration project, with the things you'll see on this vehicle reaching the market 24 to 36 months from now."
Lucky for me, I got to spend some time at the show with Chris Ito, director of design and innovation for Navistar's vehicle product development team, and he graciously provided a detailed overview of some of the many different and often subtle design changes the OEM is experimenting with for its trucks:
I think the biggest takeaway for fleets from such concept vehicles is that nothing is too small on today's commercial truck to be re-examined in terms of improving overall vehicle efficiency and longevity – as you can tell from the way even side marker lights were completely re-envisioned for "Project Horizon."
It's simply neat stuff, if you ask me.


text:
Wappingers Farm Update: August 7th
Electronics and vegetables. Someday I'll be able to explain simply how the two are related. For the time being, I can only say that I have this crazy obsession with growing things, which usually means creating an environment supportive of life, planting a few seeds with the help of friends, and letting things take care of themselves (thanks Masanobu Fukuoka). This season has been especially difficult, not only because of my generally neglectful attitude towards farming, but the weather has been rather manic: generally cool weather punctuated by bursts of record setting hot spells, long stretches of abundant rain, and then weeks without. The tomatoes have fared the worst. We (the owners and friends) planted 4 and a half 25ft rows, twice as many plants as last year, which have yielded only a fraction of the fruit.
There is good news, however. The corn and squash in the lower portion of the field are doing incredibly well. A big surprise considering a.) there is no deer fencing, b.) we didn't spread manure on that field, and c.) the watering system doesn't reach the bottom half of that field. Of course, the garlic pictured above was also part of the success story, along with some peppers and potatoes—planted (unwisely perhaps) from some purchased at a local organic grocer.
After planting a row of garlic for next season, we went into the woods to hunt for mushrooms and found quite a few good looking specimens plus a few critters. A red spotted newt was hiding out in a pile of leaves next to a massive cluster of jack-o-lantern mushrooms.
In my usual casual fashion, after another two weeks of letting the field do its thing, I'll return on the weekend of August 27th. I'm not expecting there to be much more than a few choice squash and fresh herbs, but I am looking forward to experiencing the Duchess County Fair in Rhinebeck. And now for some more tree fungus:


text:
Let this week's round of speculation about Steelers quarterback Ben Roethlisberger's status begin.
Roethlisberger was a limited participant at practice for the Steelers on Wednesday, a day after coach Mike Tomlin said that he was leaving the door open for the quarterback's return against the Ravens this week. Roethlisberger's return was still considered unlikely at that time, but Tomlin also said that Roethlisberger would have to show him he's capable of playing before he can return. Practicing is as good a way as any to accomplish that.
If Roethlisberger does play, it looks like he'll have wide receiver Antonio Brown running out under his passes. Brown practiced fully for the Steelers on Wednesday, which sets him on the track toward playing against Baltimore. Safety Troy Polamalu also practiced fully after returning to the field in limited fashion last Friday.
The news wasn't all good on the injury front. Tackle Mike Adams, guard Willie Colon, tackle Max Starks, linebacker LaMarr Woodley and quarterback Byron Leftwich all missed practice for the Steelers. With all of the injuries on the offensive line, the Steelers are getting first-round pick David DeCastro back at the right time.
Baltimore was without tight end Ed Dickson, wide receiver Jacoby Jones and linebacker Dannell Ellerbee on Wednesday while wide receiver Torrey Smith and safeties Ed Reed and Bernard Pollard were limited.


text:
Congratulations! Your graduation is the culmination of years of hard work and commitment. We're proud to be sharing this special occasion with you and are dedicated to assisting you in creating special memories of your day.
To view our services for your graduation
Please click here to select your university or institution


text:
Cassiel wrote:Listen to the Mustache.
Unfortunately, the car I did own free and clear was hit and completely destroyed by an unlicensed teen driving her mothers absurdly large and expensive Lexus SUV. Nothing the Insurance reimbursement could buy (despite it being higher than what was originally paid for my old car) was even remotely worth buying, and as I work entirely on call outside of 3 months of the year, being vehicleless simply wasn't a viable option, especially not in the Modesto area.
Also, I live about 10 miles from my current office. Moving any closer at all would at the bare minimum triple my rent.
That article also doesn't mention the kind of interior damage typically done to older vehicles. My first car was a 93 Thunderbird, engine was in perfect condition, exterior paint was in perfect condition, carpet was spotless. However, every single piece of plastic in the interior was brittle as hell and routinely broke from simply from garaged valley heat exposure, and the car was only 8 years old when I first got it. It also only had 60k miles at that point.


text:
Risk for UAI Top (RISK OF HIV AS A TOP, 2010) (ANAL MUCOUS, ANAL FLUIDS, RECTAL SECRETIONS, 2010)
So I have a quick question: basically I ended up having sex with a man in his apartment. We went to his place and began to fool around. After mutual oral sex (without ejaculation), I placed my penis into his anus for about 6 seconds (both of which were lubricated with water based lube i believe, just a store bought lube) . I was concerned & so after penetrating for 5 seconds (of which I didn't even move my penis aka "thrust") I pulled out slowly & cleaned it with wipes, then rinsed it with water. It appeared to be clean and after drying it off (no liquid was apparent on my penis prior cleaning, & the wipes were even clean) , I asked for a condom & then the actual "sex" occurred (which isn't the concerning part, because that was safe). Basically I've been concerned about this 5 second no movement exposure, but because of the lube & no presence of fluid, also because of being the insertive partner in UAI, I know that the risk is low. I will get a test in 3 months to be sure, but again I just wanted to get some feedback on my risk: avoiding all possible fluids of transmission, I think I'm fine & that my chances are pretty low?
& Afterwards I did A LOT of research so I know that I won't even do the 5 second thing ever again, & that risk is based on fluid transmission (blood, semen, ~mucous?, etc..), viral load, a host of other factors. For the top, fluid has to get into contact with the meatus, etc.
Any comments would be great.
My most important comment would be that unprotected anal sex is risky business, even for a top who doesn't thrust! That your exposure was brief decreases your risk somewhat. HIV testing is definitely warranted. See below.
Dr. Bob
Re: risk of HIV as a TOP May 15, 2010
I've always been an exclusive top, a medical professional who couldn't believe you could get HIV from just topping. I figured the worst that could happen would be the usual STD's and I would self medicate
Well here I am HIV positive
Don't top with out protection. I've known others just like me.
Response from Dr. Frascino
Hello Medical Professional,
Thank-you for your honesty and taking the time to write in. I'm confident your testimonial will save lives. See below.
I'm here if you ever need me. Let's get through this together as positively charged medical professionals dedicated to helping others stay HIV free.
Be well.
Dr. Bob
About the Breeder's Question (RISK OF HIV AS A TOP, 2010) (ANAL MUCOUS, ANAL FLUIDS, RECTAL SECRETIONS, 2010) May 15, 2010
Dr. Bob,
I'm glad you clarified something about the risk for tops. You stated the CDC says the risk of an unprotected, insertive partner with a bottom known to be HIV poz is 6.5 per 10,000 exposures. You said that was a very high relative risk. Whenever I've seen those numbers before, I always thought fairly low risk. It proves I need to do my homework.
The whole risk thing is interesting to me. I know tops get infected. However, every total top I know keeps testing negative after years of bareback sex. I guess they have just been lucky. It seems everyone I know who is poz got it by bottoming. If the risk is that high for total tops, I would think there would be more than one million HIVers in the U.S. I always thought straight guys got it because vaginal fluid carried HIV better than the anus.
I know you've probably talked about this before, but I'm always curious--
Would you mind explaining the difference between putting your penis in someone's mouth and their butt? What is happening in the butt? Does there have to be blood involved in the butt to infect the top? Or, is HIV just present in the anus in fluid? That fluid/blood would have to make its way up the uretha or a sore on the penis? If the top ejaculated, would that force everything out?
My negative partner keeps telling me he could top, because it is a very low risk. I don't even like the idea of letting him perform oral on me.
Response from Dr. Frascino
The CDC statistical estimate of risk provides information about relative risk rather than actual risk applicable to a specific encounter. Unprotected insertive anal sex with a poz partner (6.5 per 10,000 exposures) is, for example, much riskier than unprotected receptive oral sex with a poz partner (1 per 10,000 exposures), but not as risky as unprotected receptive anal sex with a poz partner (50 per 10,000 exposures). There are many confounding variables for a specific encounter, both viral (viral strain, viral load, etc.) and host (immune integrity, concurrent illness, trauma during sex, etc.).
As for knowing total tops who keep testing negative, even after barebacking, yes, they are lucky. Also, would you really expect HIVers who become infected from voluntarily putting themselves at risk (when they obviously should have known better) to broadcast the news they lost their game of sexual Russian Roulette? I can assure you after caring for a great many HIVers I've personally known many total tops who became infected. (See below for an example.)
Next, you want me to explain the difference between putting your penis in someone's mouth and in his butt? Dude, I've known guys who were a bit confused about anatomy, like not knowing which side their liver was on, but not knowing the difference between one's mouth and butt???? Now that's a bit worrisome!
As for HIV risk, saliva does contain components that inhibit HIV. Also, there is much less risk of local trauma from oral as compared to anal sex. Blood does not have to be present for a top to be infected during anal sex. (See below.) The urethra is lined with a mucous membrane. HIV can be absorbed across a mucous membrane without cuts, sores or trauma. Ejaculation does not "force everything out," as infected fluids merely need to come into contact with the mucous membrane; they don't have to travel all the way up the nine-plus inches (if you're Italian) of your Mr. Happy.
Regarding your negative top gun, I'd suggest you have him read the information on this site, in its archives and on the related links. We have an entire chapter on magnetic couples in the archives.
Dr. Bob
Re: risk of HIV as a TOP May 15, 2010
I've always been an exclusive top, a medical professional who couldn't believe you could get HIV from just topping. I figured the worst that could happen would be the usual STD's and I would self medicate
Well here I am HIV positive
Don't top with out protection. I've known others just like me.
Response from Dr. Frascino
Hello Medical Professional,
Thank-you for your honesty and taking the time to write in. I'm confident your testimonial will save lives. See below.
I'm here if you ever need me. Let's get through this together as positively charged medical professionals dedicated to helping others stay HIV free.
Be well.
Dr. Bob
HIV transmission thru urethra Feb 16, 2010
Hi there,
about 4 weeks ago I had some contact with the anal fluids of another guy. I was going to top him, but decided I wouldn't. I just fingered him and sort of penetrated him without going all the way in. I doubt this guy is HIV+ but there's always that chance. A few weeks later, I got a urinary tract infection - the whole works, diarrhea and everything, and took antibiotics which cleared it up. I was really startled to learn that HIV can enter through the urethra. But it makes no sense to me how anal "fluids" (whatever they might be...sweat or just ordinary liquid secretions?) could have a sufficiently high concentration of HIV to infect someone? It seems like nowadays it's just better to avoid sex altogether...everyone just seems to be a germ farm nowadays. Last year I had a really nice session of kissing with a guy, which resulted in a 6 week long upper respiratory infection (which he came down with too, but he didn't know it while we were making out.) Anyhow, any light you can shed on my urethral contact with anal fluid would be appreciated. Thanks for your time, -Andy
Response from Dr. Frascino
Hello Andy,
The rectum is lined by a mucous membrane. Mucous membranes secrete mucous ("anal fluid"). Your nose and mouth also are lined with mucous membranes and they too are always "wet," right? HIV can permeate across mucous membranes (but not intact skin). As it turns out, the urethra is also lined with a mucous membrane. Consequently, if your unprotected tallywhacker's urethra comes into contact with infected anal fluid, HIV can be absorbed across the mucous membrane and result in HIV transmission/acquisition.
Why consider give up sex? Isn't it easier just to put a latex condom on your big bopper?
Dr. Bob
insertive issues (Rectal secretions from men who have sex with men contain more HIV than blood or semen) (ANAL MUCOUS, RECTAL SECRETIONS, 2010) Mar 30, 2010
I have a hard time believing as an exclusive TOP that I contracted this virus through anal juice sneaking up my urethra while servicing a bottom. I'll bet one way a top more likely gets infected and probably what happened to me was topping a guy who had just had sex with someone else (yes there are actually places where that might occurr!!) and had someone else's infected semen still in his rectum, and that's what snuck up my urethra, semen having a much higher viral load than anal secretions. Theoretically, therefore I could have been infected by some one I literally did not have sex with and the bottom might not have even been poz. What do you think? I'll bet this happens more often than believed.
Response from Dr. Frascino
What you choose to believe or "have a hard time believing" is, of course, totally up to you. However, it really doesn't change scientific fact. Do I think your hypothesis is correct? Nope. Sorry, Charlie, I don't. You can read a great deal about the biology of HIV transmission in the archives and related links if you so desire.
Dr. Bob
Hello Dr. Frascino, I was wondering if you could actually explain this post considering I am currently on PEP for having sex with a HIV negative bottom but who I think had an unknown person's ejaculate in his anus when I topped him. If this doesnt seem like a reasonable route for transmission, I will most likely stop the PEP, considering the bottom is negative. Could you please shed some light..thank you for your help.
Response from Dr. Frascino
Dude, it really doesn't matter what you personally believe or what wild notions you might concoct about your cock and acquisition of HIV. The reality of your situation is that you became infected with HIV because you unwisely decided to have unsafe sex with your Brokeback Mountain buddy. Top-gun or bottom-boy unprotected anal sex is risky business. I should also point out several studies have found very high levels of HIV in rectal mucosa secretions (anal mucous). (See below.) Heads up top guys! Shield your rocket or keep it in your pocket!
Dr. Bob
Rectal secretions from men who have sex with men contain more HIV than blood or semen Chris Gadd, Wednesday, June 16, 2004 Levels of HIV RNA in rectal mucosa secretions from men who have sex with men (MSM) are higher than those in blood and semen, according to a study presented in the July 1st edition of The Journal of Infectious Diseases. The results suggest that unprotected insertive anal intercourse may involve exposure to higher levels of free virus than previously believed, even where the receptive partner's plasma viral load is undetectable on HAART.
In contrast to previous studies, which have examined HIV levels in rectal biopsies (tissue samples) or swabs from the anus in men with suppressed viral loads, this study looked at secretions from the rectum in a group of men with varying degrees of viral suppression and antiretroviral drug exposure.
"HIV RNA was often found at high levels in rectal secretions, even in men receiving antiretroviral therapy, and paired HIV RNA levels in rectal secretions were greater than those in either the blood or seminal plasma among HIV-infected MSM," state the authors. Furthermore, "antiretroviral therapy had a greater direct effect on levels of HIV in seminal plasma than in rectal secretions."
The investigators recruited 64 HIV-positive MSM from sexually transmitted disease clinics in Seattle, USA, and Lima, Peru between December 1999 and January 2001. Twenty-seven (42%) of the men had been on a stable antiretroviral regimen for at least 30 days, and the remainder were drug-naive.
HIV viral loads were measured two to three times over four weeks in swabs taken from the rectum, and in the blood and semen. Because the samples were diluted at different ratios, the lower limit of detection was not equal in the three samples (rectal secretions: 8000 copies/ml; blood: 400 copies/ml; semen: 800 copies/ml). However, the authors used a mathematical correction to estimate the distribution of viral loads in samples below the limits of detection.
Overall, HIV viral loads were higher in rectal secretions (median 91,200 copies/ml) than in blood (median 17,400 copies/ml; p < 0.05) or semen (median 3550 copies/ml; p < 0.05). Nevertheless, HIV viral loads in the blood were correlated with those in the rectum (p < 0.001) and the semen (p < 0.001).
A similar pattern of viral loads was observed in the men who were taking antiretroviral therapy. Rectal secretions contained a median of 3980 copies/ml, compared with 200 copies/ml in blood (p < 0.05) and 1000 copies/ml in semen (p < 0.05). Ten (37%) of 27 rectal samples from these men had detectable viral loads, nine (35%) of 26 blood samples, and eleven (55%) of 20 semen samples, a much higher level than observed in most other studies, the authors note.
In the men who were not taking antiretroviral therapy, HIV viral loads differed significantly among all three samples, with rectal secretions containing the highest viral loads (median 316,000 copies/ml), compared with a median of 63,100 copies/ml in the blood and 12,600 copies/ml in semen (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). These men also had higher rates of detectable viral loads in the rectum (35 [95%] of 37 samples; p < 0.05), and blood (37 [100%] samples; p < 0.05), but not in the semen (28 [78%] of 36 samples; p = 0.08).
Using mixed-effects model analysis without controlling for blood viral loads, the authors demonstrated that the use of antiretroviral therapy caused a 1.3-log10 reduction in rectal viral loads (p < 0.001) and a 1.4-log10 reduction in seminal viral loads (p < 0.001). Lower CD4 cell counts were also associated with higher viral loads in both samples (p = 0.03 and 0.004 respectively).
When blood viral loads were included in the model, the authors found that a one-log10 reduction in blood viral loads caused a 0.5-log10 reduction in both rectal and seminal viral loads (p = 0.006 and 0.02 respectively). However, use of HAART was found to reduce viral loads in the semen, but not rectal secretions (p = 0.003 and 0.5 respectively).
This leads the authors to suggest that the effect of HAART on rectal viral load occurs as a result of viral load reductions in the blood. In contrast, antiretrovirals may affect viral levels in the semen directly. This "may be due to differential levels of antiretroviral drugs or to anatomic and immunologic differences in the male genital tract versus rectal mucosa."
Zuckerman R A et al. Higher concentrations of HIV RNA in rectal mucosa secretions than in blood and seminal plasma, among men who have sex with men, independent of antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 189: 156-161, 2004.


text:
EU Summit May Be Eurozone's Last Chance to Avoid Financial Disaster
Unless European leaders overcome their common-sense deficit, which is proving as intractable as any budget and trade deficit, this may not end well.
The last comprehensive and final plan – the fourth in the last 18 months – failed to mollify investors and markets. The crisis is now engulfing Italy, Spain and now re-infecting Ireland and Portugal. Stronger countries like France and Germany are increasingly vulnerable.
Standard & Poor's are reviewing the ratings of a number of 15 eurozone countries with with negative implications. This action was "prompted by … belief that systemic stresses in the eurozone have risen in recent weeks to the extent that they now put downward pressure on the credit standing of the eurozone as a whole." The rating agency highlighted tightening credit conditions across the eurozone, higher funding costs for many eurozone sovereigns, high levels of government and household indebtedness, the rising risk of a European recession and a lack of agreement among European policy makers on tackling problems.
The curious pas de deux between European banks and sovereigns has reached a critical stage. Needing to raise money and keep interest costs down, governments are pressuring banks to buy their bonds and use them as collateral to raise fund from individual central banks and the European Central Bank ("ECB"). At the same time, European banks exposed to the risk of large losses on holdings of sovereign bond, which would render them potentially insolvent need governments to support the banking system.
Time is running short. European sovereigns and banks need to find euro 1.9 trillion to refinance maturing debt in 2012. Italy alone requires euro 113 billion in the first quarter and around euro 300 billion over the full year. European banks need euro 500 billion in the first half of 2012 and euro 275 billion in the second half. This means they need to raise euro 230 billion per quarter in 2012 compared to euro 132 billion per quarter in 2011. Since June 2011, European banks have been only able to raise euro 17 billion compared to euro 120 billion for the same period in 2010.
There has to be acknowledgment that austerity -- draconian budget cuts and tax increases -- to bring budget deficits and public debt under control cannot deal with the problem: the deflation of the debt-fueled bubble. There also has to be acknowledgment that Europe doesn't have a "liquidity" problem which can be alleviated by substituting fleeing private sector lenders with official lenders such as the European Union ("EU"), ECB or the International Monetary Fund ("IMF").
European countries have a "solvency" problem – they have debt that they can never seriously expect to pay back. Stronger nations cannot save the peripheral nations without ultimately destroying their own credit and ability to raise funds.
There has to be realistic writedowns of the debt of countries like Greece, Portugal and Ireland and a preparedness to do the same for Italy and Spain quickly, if necessary. An aggressive program for recapitalization of European banks and the ECB is needed. Weaker countries may need assistance in recapitalizing banks.
The European Financial Stability Fund ("EFSF"), the European bailout fund, is now largely irrelevant, It lacks the resources to quarantine Spain and Italy as well as, increasingly, Belgium, France and Germany from contagion. If it is to remain, then the fund needs to be restructured to support the financing requirements of Spain and Italy, which need around euro 1 trillion to meet their financing requirements over the next few years.
Schemes to increase the capacity of the EFSF -- borrowing to leverage the fund or partial guarantees or seeking Chinese funding – are simply farfetched or incomprehensible. The EFSF's attempt to raise money to meet existing commitments has run into problems, meeting lackluster support and a sharp increase in costs. In the event that the AAA guarantors are downgraded, the EFSF structure, as originally envisaged, becomes unworkable. Rating agencies have signaled that the EFSF's AAA rating is under threat. The risk that the cost of funding for the bailout fund is greater than the rate that it can charge is now increasingly evident.
Weaker nations should leave the euro. The devaluation of the new currency in conjunction with structural reforms will provide some chance of regaining competitiveness. Within the euro, the only option – internal devaluation entailing a sharp fall of incomes and living standards – cannot work on its own.
Fiscal union (greater integration of finances where Germany and the stronger economies subsidize the weaker economies combined with jointly and severally guaranteed eurozone bonds) or debt monetization (the ECB prints money and uses it to buy bonds) are unworkable.
Germany and France are unwilling or unable to increase the size of their commitments. Restricted by the German Constitutional Court's decision, for the moment, Germany cannot or will not go above euro 211 billion in guarantees for the bailout funds already committed – about 7% of its GDP. Fiscal integration would have a higher cost than Germany is willing to pay or can sustain without affecting the country's credit-worthiness. Chancellor Angela Merkel's spokesman Steffen Seibert put the matter plainly stating that Germany doesn't have "unlimited financial strength."
France is at the limit of its financial capacity and at risk of losing its AAA credit rating. Fragile coalition governments in Netherlands and Finland are increasingly reluctant to increase their commitments to the bailout process. These constraints make full fiscal union difficult.
Stronger European countries have seen a sharp increase in the cost of their financing. Netherlands 10-year debt is trading around 0.40% above Germany, down from a November high of 0.68% but well above the 0.10% where it traded historically. Austria's 10-year rate relative to Germany fluctuated between 0.80% to 1.90% in November, up from an average of 0.23% over the last 10 years. Finland's 10-year spread to German bonds reached 0.79% in November, well above the low of 0.07% in January 2011 and an average of 0.35% over the last year. Finland's 10 year bonds are trading at around 1.00% over that of neighboring Sweden, down from a high of 1.37% but well above an average difference of 0.04% since the introduction of the euro in 1999.
The higher rates and increased volatility of rates has made it increasingly difficult for these countries to finance, despite relatively sound public finances. For Finland, where 75% of its debt is sold to foreign investors, this is increasingly problematic.
The ECB is not allowed and also unwilling to print money. Germany's Bundesbank opposes debt monetization. The accepted view is that, in the final analysis, Germany will embrace fiscal integration or allow the printing of money. This assumes that a cost-benefit analysis indicates that this would be less costly than a disorderly breakup of the eurozone. This ignores a deep-seated German mistrust of modern finance as well as a strong belief in a hard currency and stable money. Based on their history, Germans believe that this is essential to economic and social stability. It would be unsurprising to see Germany refuse the type of monetary accommodation and open-ended commitment necessary to resolve the crisis by either fiscal union or debt monetization.
Printing money may buy some time. But it does not deal with the level of debt, the problems related to bank holdings of sovereign bonds (a small fall in value may affect the solvency of many institutions), allowing countries to regain access to investors on a sustainable basis or economic competitiveness.
If fiscal union and debt monetization are unavailable, a "controlled" debt restructuring of some nations may be the only option available.
What happens in Europe will not stay in Europe. The shock will be rapidly transmitted through trade, investment and inter-relationships within the financial system to the rest of the world.
Early signs are not good. But no writedowns of debt or restructuring of the euro is contemplated.
The French President has pronounced that no European country will be allowed to default. Germany has placed its faith in more austerity without increasing her financial commitment, proposing a revised treaty between eurozone members to reinforce a commitment to fiscal discipline. Automatic, court-enforced sanctions on countries that exceed 3% of GDP on budget deficits and 60% of GDP on debt are laughable. The bulk of eurozone countries do not and cannot meet these limits now or in the foreseeable future. As for the proposed fine, they would have to borrow the money to pay them.
Plans to leverage the EFSF are to be tabled, although no one honestly knows whether any investor will support it with cash. The Chinese have said "nein, danke" and "non, merci."
The ECB will probably slash euro interest rates and lengthen the term of emergency funding of banks to say two years with easier collateral rules. European central banks may provide money to the IMF to provide money to beleaguered nations. Unless increased substantially, the IMF may be only able to muster euro 300-450 billion, which will be insufficient. IMF involvement will entangle all member countries forcing them to assume the risk of bailing out Europe.
European leaders seem content to discuss long term lifestyle changes with the near-death patient in ER.
To paraphrase Woody Allen, European leaders face two choices. One leads to a prolonged recession, privations and hardship. The other leads to economic and financial annihilation as well as hopelessness. May they choose well!
Follow the markets all day every day with a FREE 14 day trial to Buzz & Banter. Over 30 professional traders share their ideas in real-time. Learn more.
- 1
The information on this website solely reflects the analysis of or opinion about the performance of securities and financial markets by the writers whose articles appear on the site. The views expressed by the writers are not necessarily the views of Minyanville Media, Inc. or members of its management. Nothing contained on the website is intended to constitute a recommendation or advice addressed to an individual investor or category of investors to purchase, sell or hold any security, or to take any action with respect to the prospective movement of the securities markets or to solicit the purchase or sale of any security. Any investment decisions must be made by the reader either individually or in consultation with his or her investment professional. Minyanville writers and staff may trade or hold positions in securities that are discussed in articles appearing on the website. Writers of articles are required to disclose whether they have a position in any stock or fund discussed in an article, but are not permitted to disclose the size or direction of the position. Nothing on this website is intended to solicit business of any kind for a writer's business or fund. Minyanville management and staff as well as contributing writers will not respond to emails or other communications requesting investment advice.
Copyright 2011 Minyanville Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Daily Recap Newsletter
entertainment, education and
smart market commentary.


text:
Amazing Love
The love of Christ for us in His dying was as conscious as His suffering was intentional. "By this we know love, that he laid down his life for us" (1 John 3:16). If He was intentional in laying …Read More
Meeting Jesus at an Old Testament Feast
The default sin of the human heart is to put ourselves first. "It really is all about me!" was once a funny t-shirt slogan; it has now become a way of life. Unless preachers and Bible teachers are careful, the …Read More
The Great Exchange
It should come as little surprise to learn that the doctrine of the substitutionary atonement of Christ has come under renewed criticism in recent decades. The Reformers dealt with such criticisms and attacks from the Socinians. Our more recent forefathers …Read More
Our Identity in Christ
Remembering all the personal identification numbers, passwords, login names, ID cards, and the like that are a part of my everyday routine gets tiring. In order to conduct any business on the Internet, enter my residence, pay bills, access email …Read More
Falling Short of God's Glory
While I do not remember much from elementary school, there is one conversation I will never forget. In fourth grade, I took the opportunity to witness to one of my friends. I remember asking her, "If you were to die …Read More
God's Holy Love
The notion of retributive justice — which has been the hallmark of human law since premodern times — has been under assault for many years in Western cultures. Led by utilitarian philosophers such as John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham …Read More
Lift High the Cross
I recently attended a meeting of our local presbytery (the regular, periodic gathering of local pastors and elders), and I was blessed to sing the words of a classic hymn: "Lift high the cross, the love of Christ proclaim, till …Read More
For God So Loved the World
Every Christian believes in limited atonement. That may sound ludicrous to my Arminian friends because it has long been assumed that only Calvinists hold to the dreaded "L" in TULIP. But if the death of Jesus Christ is recognized as …Read More
The Bearer of Iniquity
God has always dealt with the human race through a covenant head. Adam represented us in the garden. If he had obeyed, he would have merited (by covenant appointment) life for himself and the entirety of his posterity. In his …Read More
The Blood of the Lamb
"Without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness of sins" says the epistle to the Hebrews (9:22). Most of that epistle is taken up with showing how Christ fulfilled the hopes and aspirations of the Old Testament, especially …Read More
Cur Deus Homo
In the eleventh century, one of the church's most brilliant thinkers, Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury, wrote three important works that have influenced the church ever since. In the field of Christian philosophy, he gave us his Monologium and his Proslogium …Read More
It Is Finished
As I consider the state of the evangelical church at the beginning of the twenty-first century, I observe a people who have swapped their faith for a bumper sticker and a church that has been caught up with the wrappings …Read More
Our Renewed Image
We have just read John Calvin's words, "the death of Christ is efficacious … for the mortification of the flesh." What, in practical terms, might this look like in everyday life? Maybe the primary question is, how does the …Read More
Biblical Scholasticism
In an age wherein the ground of theology has been saturated by the torrential downpour of existential thinking, it seems almost suicidal, like facing the open floodgates riding a raft made of balsa wood, to appeal to a seventeenth-century theologian …Read More
Death Conquered
In his letter to the Romans, Paul teaches us that all have sinned, then he reveals the wages of sin — death! Death for sin — isn't that a little harsh? We don't like to think about such things. Maybe …Read More


text:
The Lady Bisons, 44-10, 18-2 in the conference, are the top seed in the A-Sun Tournament in DeLand, Fla. Campbell, 23-29-1, 10-10, is the No. 6 seed.
In game two at noon tournament host Stetson, the No. 2 seed with a 14-6 conference record, 32-19 overall, plays No. 5 Jacksonville, 10-10 in the A-Sun and 32-21 overall.
The Lady Bisons get an early wake-up call, but the first game of the day begins at 8 a.m. as No. 3 Kennesaw State, 26-24, 11-9, faces No. 4 USC Upstate, 38-13, 11-9.
There are six games on the first day of the tournament. If the Lady Bisons win they would play the loser of the Kennesaw State-USC Upstate game at 5. If they lose their first game they would play the loser of the Stetson-Jacksonville game at 3.
The Lady Bisons lead the conference in hitting with a .318 average, the only team hitting .300 or higher. They also lead in team pitching with a 1.31 earned run average. They are second behind USC Upstate in team fielding with a .974 percentage.
Four Lady Bisons are in the top 10 of the conference overall in hitting. Courtney Billington is second (.365), Whitney Kiihnl is fourth (.361), Mollie Mitchell is sixth (.353) and Abby Keese is tied for seventh (.350).
Kiihnl is the top pitcher in the A-Sun with a 0.71 earned run average. She is 28-2, second to USC Upstate's Morgan Childers (31-6) in wins. Kiihnl is third in strikeouts overall with 281 in 188 innings.


text:
Coupon details
Please either display this image for the restaurant or print the image and bring to the restaurant.
[Monday-Friday weekdays limited] 1 drink service ♪
- Presentation conditions
- When booking & ordering
- Conditions of use
[Print required] If you eat and drink Other tickets and services can not be used together 1 set 1 time 1 lunch Not possible Some drinks are excluded
- Expiration date
- Until the end of July 2019
Precautions concerning use
- Coupon information will be updated. To use coupon, please save the image using a capture tool, print out the image and bring to restaurant.
- Unless noted, prices include consumption tax.
- For information which has not been updated since March 31, 2014, the contents are based on the former consumption tax (5%).
2019/06/14 update


text:
Your browser does not support iframes.
Original singer-songwriters from Virginia, Nashville and Indiana will be coming to Cedar Key the weekend of Jan. 13-15 to help two local non-profit groups.
Join in the fun as these award-winning musicians share their musical talents for a good cause.
Two people died — a 12-year-old and a 22-year-old, and a child, 5, was injured in two separate four-wheel ATVs (all-terrain vehicles) accidents, while another four people were injured in two vehicle accidents all in Levy County this weekend, according to Florida Highway Patrol reports.
CKS Spring Sports
By Sarah Bartholemy
& Chloe Reynolds
Shark Correspondents
As winter sports come to an end, Cedar Key School is preparing to start its spring training.
Residents of Florida can ring in the New Year by receiving 5 free crapemyrtle trees by joining the Arbor Day Foundation any time during January 2012.
The free trees are part of the nonprofit Foundation's Trees for America campaign. The trees will be shipped postpaid at the right time for planting, between Feb. 1 and April 30, with enclosed planting instructions. The 6- to 12-inch tall trees are guaranteed to grow, or they will be replaced free of charge.
Dale Henderson is the person who said "The Garden Club should do something about the Brazilian Pepper in Cedar Key".
She said it in 1998.
The Cedar Key Garden Club and local citizens have been "doing something" about Brazilian Pepper ever since she made that remark. Henderson was given a Certificate of Appreciation and a "Thank You" card from Garden Club members at the Jan. 6 kick-off of the 2012 season.
The Cedar Key Historical Society will kick off the 2012 Monthly Coffee Program Series on Thursday, Jan. 19, at 10 a.m., at the Cedar Key Community Center, Sixth and F Streets, Cedar Key.
The January speaker will be Mrs. Catharine Hobday, one of the assistant light keepers who served at the Cedar Keys Light Station on Seahorse Key from 1873 until 1879. Mrs. Hobday, portrayed by Toni Collins, will entertain the audience with highlights of what early service in the U.S. Lighthouse Service was like for the lighthouse employees.
The state Department of Education's grades for high schools are out and it's a mixed report for Levy County..
The report card:
• Bronson Middle/High School got a C, down from last year's B
• Cedar Key High School got a C, down from last year's A
• Chiefland got a B, down from last year's A, and
• Williston High School got a B, up from a C.
Competition was tight Friday morning between elementary and middle school spelling champs from schools throughout the county. Eleven children competed in the Levy County District Spelling Bee, held at Bronson High School, but only one came away with the top prize and a chance to compete in Tallahassee's Big Bend Regional Spelling Bee in February.
A couple who shelter 50-70 cats at their Cedar Key home must reduce the population, pay a $150 fine, $5 court costs and return to court on Feb. 14 to show progress in remedying the associated odor and fly problems.
Levy County Judge James T. Browning also withheld adjudication — a finding of guilt — in the code enforcement case that he heard on Tuesday.against Oliver Bauer, who with his wife Doreen shelters the cats at their Gulf Boulevard home
By TOM TEN BROECK
Mark Twain may have said it best when he was attributed with saying, "The reports of my death are greatly exaggerated."
For the past few weeks, readers of the Tri-County Bulletin, Chiefland Citizen, Williston Pioneer Sun News and Cedar Key Beacon have expressed concern over the lateness that these products have been arriving in their hands. Do not worry, these fine products are not going anywhere.
Copyright © 2019
The Cedar Key Beacon is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Levy County and Cedar Key Florida, and the surrounding area.