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Dhananjay is a scientific officer for the instrumentation laboratory at the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy & Astrophysics (IUCAA) in Pune, India. He can be contacted at [email protected]
The Atmel AT89C2051 is a low-power, high-performance 8-bit microcontroller compatible with the MSC-51 instruction set and object code. The 20-pin AT89C2051, with its many hardware features, is especially attractive to 8051 developers because it is compatible with the 8051 and similar devices, and can reduce board space, components, and cost. In an application comprised of EPROM, address latch, an 8051, and other associated components, for instance, the 8051 offers enough on-chip digital I/O that additional external I/O components may not be required. In a similar AT89C2051-based system, however, a single AT89C2051 can replace the EPROM, latch, and 8051, providing the system software is limited to 2 KB.
The AT89C2051 features:
- 2 KB of on-chip Flash program memory.
- 128 bytes of internal RAM.
- Fully static operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz.
- Instruction compatible with MCS-51.
- 15 I/O lines.
- Full duplex programmable serial port.
- Two 16-bit programmable timers.
- On-chip analog comparator.
- Low-power and power-down modes.
- Wide operating voltages: 2.7 V to 6 V.
- 20-pin DIP/SOIC package.
The use of static memory allows the device to be operated at zero frequency. It also affords two software-selectable save-power modes. Idle mode stops the CPU, retaining the contents of the internal RAM, allowing the timer/counter, interrupt system, and serial ports to function normally. Power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other activity until the next hardware reset.
The amount of PEROM (programmable and erasable read-only memory) available on the AT89C2051 is sufficient for most applications, including use in portable instruments, supervisory-control applications, autonomous robots, and more. Use as controllers in portable instruments is further simplified by the low power consumption and wide operating voltage range.
The AT89C2051 allows 15 bits of I/O, configured as 8 bits on Port1 and 7 bits on Port3. Port1 and Port3 are compatible to the P1 and P3 on an 8051 (except Port1.0 and Port1.1).
Port1 pins P1.0 and P1.1 require external pullups. P1.0 and P1.1 pins also serve as inputs to an on-chip analog comparator (+ve and -ve inputs, respectively). Port1 output buffers have a 20 mA sink current capacity and can drive LEDs directly. By writing ones to the Port1 bits, they can be used as input bits.
As Table 1 shows, Port3 pins P3.0 to P3.5 and P3.6 are seven bidirectional I/O pins with internal pullups. P3.6 is internally connected to the output of the on-chip comparator and is not accessible as a general-purpose I/O pin. Port3 bits can also sink up to 20 mA of current, and when written with ones, can be used as inputs. Port3 pins also serve alternate functions (to be discussed shortly). If the user wants to use these alternate functions, the pin cannot be used for general-purpose I/O.
The AT89C2051 data sheet states that the on-chip oscillator can be used with a ceramic resonator as well as a resonant crystal element to provide the basic clock to the microcomputer. An external clock source with suitable levels can also be used instead of a crystal or a resonator. The operation is similar to that of an 8051. AT89C2051 can be operated with a clock frequency between 0 and 24 MHz. This is possible because the chip uses static memory.
Special Function Registers
The AT89C2051 has a register set identical to an 8051. Thus, it is possible to port existing 8051 applications to an AT89C2051 without change to the object code -- as long as the software limits itself to the available hardware resources, including memory and ports. This means that all jumps (ljmp) and calls (lcall) must be limited to maximum physical address 0x7FF. This also applies to all the other instructions that access memory in some form (for example, cjne, jmp @A + DPTR, jnb, and the like). Since the controller does not support external DATA or PROGRAM memory access, you should not use these instructions.
Programming the AT89C2051
Until you have a suitable "programmer" -- a device similar to a PROM burner -- using the AT89C2051 can be trickier than it would be with a simple 8031 or 8751. However, once a suitable programmer is available, using the microcontroller is straightforward. The AT89C2051 microcontroller can endure one thousand program and erase cycles. In this section, I'll present a simple programmer for AT89C2051 that is hosted on a 8052-based circuit running a Basic interpreter.
The AT89C2051 can be programmed using a suitable programmer out of the target system. Table 2 identifies the various modes for erasing, programming, and verifying the chip. The code memory is programmed one byte at a time. After the controller has been programmed, to reprogram any nonblank byte, the entire chip has to be electrically erased. Erasing the chip is a simple task that takes a few milliseconds to execute.
The Atmel application sheets describe a simple programmer that lets you perform a variety of operations with the flash controller, including erasing, reading, programming, and verifying the contents of the target chip (see http://www.atmel .com/atmel/products/prods10.html). However, the driver software for the programmer does not support IntelHex object files. You can also purchase off-the-shelf programmers for these devices (see Airborn Electronics at http://www.airborn.com .au/ab120.html, for instance), or see if an existing programmer can be upgraded. I didn't have the time to build the circuit offered by Atmel, or to see if my existing EPROM/controller programmer could be upgraded to program the Atmel chips. Consequently, I decided to build a simple programmer using circuits I had available.
Since my lab already uses 8052-BASIC systems for various applications, I decided that I could add a little circuit to an existing 8052-BASIC evaluation board we built to make a simple (erase/program/verify) programmer. I found I could modify an existing IntelHex loader program for the Basic system to get the required programmer code. Figures 1 and 2 show the block diagram for programming and verifying the Flash-memory contents of an AT89C2051. Figure 3 shows the circuit schematic for the programmer. The programmer needs a suitable +5V power supply for the 8052 and +12V supply for the programmer to generate Vpp. The +12V power supply must be stable and provide a voltage between 11.75V and 12.5V. The limits for the programming voltage for the AT89C2051 are between 11.5V and 12.5V. A suitable 20-pin ZIF socket can be used to insert and remove the AT89C2051 chip. Listing One s the Basic program for programming the AT89C2051. A PC with an 8051 assembler and terminal-emulation program (I use Vterm) are the only tools required for programming and using the AT89C2051.
To find out if my programmer was correctly burning the code into the AT89C2051, I used the test code in Listing Two. After I was satisfied that things were working, I went ahead with more serious applications.
Using the Programmer
To use the programmer, the ZIF socket is loaded with the AT89C2051 to be programmed before power is applied to the system. This is followed by applying power (+5V as well as +12V) to the circuit. The Vpp generation circuit applies a logic 0 to the RST pin at power on. Subsequently the 8052 system is loaded with the code in Listing One from within the terminal-emulator environment. To communicate with the 8052-BASIC system, the terminal emulator can use any standard baud rate as well as transmission settings (number of bits, parity, and so on). However, the 8052-BASIC requires that, after power on, the host sends a SPACE character as the first character. This allows 8052-BASIC to adjust to the baud rate and other transmission settings. After getting the READY prompt, Listing One is downloaded and executed. The Basic program is then ready to accept IntelHex format object files. The received hex code is stored in the External RAM of the 8052 system. After the hex file is successfully received, the programmer proceeds with erasing the AT89C2051, then begins programming it with the user object code. After the code is burnt into the chip, the programmer power supply is turned off before removing the target chip. The target chip is then ready to be inserted into the target system.
Using the AT89C2051
A good use for this controller is in any application that needs to keep current consumption low, with features like power-down, or sleep modes of operation, and that have a serial port, timers, interrupts, and I/O pins.
For instance, I needed a 12-bit multichannel ADC to connect to PCs in a certain application. Rather than invest in new parallel ADCs, I decided to see if our existing inventory of MAX186 ADCs could be of any use. MAX186 had everything we needed, except that the chip operates at serial clock with a minimum clock-frequency requirement of 100 KHz (which would be difficult to generate under program control on older PCs). Consequently, I decided to build a general-purpose interface that could be used in other applications. I found that the AT89C2051 worked well. The result of my design was a solution that offers a nibble wide input and output interface that, though tailored to connect to the PC parallel port, could be used anywhere else.
Using an 8051 capacity controller to parallelize serial ADC data might be considered overkill. While there are parallel output 12-bit multichannel ADCs of similar performance, I decided to use available components to get the system working. The AT89C2051 uses its serial port signal pins TxD and RxD to connect to the MAX186. The microcontroller serial port operates in mode 0, in which the serial port works as a shift register, either as input or output. In the shift register mode, the TxD pin supplies the shift clock, and the RxD pin provides the data or reads the external data as per the direction. The controller programs the serial port as an output shift register in the beginning of the acquisition cycle during which the MAX186 needs the 8-bit control byte that contains conversion parameters, channel number, and so on. After the 8-bit data is shifted out, the controller program converts the serial port as an input shift register and reads back the converted ADC data as 2 bytes. Figure 4 shows the block diagram, and Figure 5 (see page 55) shows the circuit schematic. Figure 6 shows the wiring scheme to connect the controller board to the PC printer adapter.
The user interface of the converter consists of the following signals:
- 4 bits of mode inputs that determine the mode of operation for the converter.
- A trigger input that triggers the converter into the requested mode.
- A clear-status input that is used to erase previous status information.
The converter outputs are:
- 4 bits of data.
- A done flag that indicates the end of operation.
- An error flag indicating an attempt to launch a nonimplemented mode of operation.
The mode input to the converter determines what task the controller will perform when it is triggered. With 4 bits of mode input, up to 16 modes (see Table 3) of operation can be implemented. For this design, only 11 combinations are required; the rest can be used later for expansion.
Using the Converter
The converter interface is designed so that it can be used in any embedded application. The interface is ideally suited for data acquisition on PC compatibles using the parallel printer adapter signals. The converter provides access to eight channels of 12-bit ADC. The analog input voltage range of the ADC is 0 to 4.095 volts and at 12 bits, a resolution of 1mV.
Listing Three is C code to interface the controller through the PC parallel port.
I first heard about Atmel microcontrollers from Russ Hersh's 8051FAQ. I thank Tina Anagnos, David Lee, and Jim Tatsukawa at Atmel Corp. (http://www.atmel.com/) for providing data sheets, answering my questions regarding the programmer, and for providing AT89C2051 samples. My good friend Dr. Pramod Upadhyay needed a 12-bit AD converter for PCs just when I was looking for an application.
Listing One
1 REM Programmer for ATMEL AT89C20512 Print "Atmel AT89C2051 Programmer" 3 Print " Accepts IntelHex files " 4 Print " Dhananjay V. Gadre " 5 Print " 1996 " 8 MTOP=41FFH 10 A=GET : IF A=0 THEN 10 20 IF A<> 58 THEN 10 30 PRINT CHR(A), 35 CSUM=0 40 GOSUB 1000 50 LL=A : IF A=0 THEN 230 55 CSUM=CSUM+LL 60 GOSUB 1000 70 ADDR=256*A 75 CSUM=CSUM+A 80 GOSUB 1000 90 ADDR=A+ADDR: IF ADDR > 1FFFH THEN GOTO 4000 100 CSUM=CSUM+A 110 GOSUB 1000: IF A<> 0 THEN 230 130 FOR T=1 TO LL 140 GOSUB 1000 150 CSUM=CSUM+A 160 XBY(ADDR + 4200H)=A 165 D=CBY(ADDR + 4200H): IF A<>D THEN PRINT "ERROR" 167 IF A<>D THEN GOTO 3000 170 ADDR=ADDR+1 180 NEXT T 190 GOSUB 1000 200 CSUM=CSUM+A : CSUM=CSUM .AND. 00FFH 210 IF CSUM<>0 THEN 3000 220 PRINT : GOTO 10 230 GOTO 2000 1000 A=GET: IF A=0 THEN 1000 1010 PRINT CHR(A),:IF A<58 THEN A=A-48: GOTO 1030 1020 A=A-55 1030 C=A 1040 A=GET: IF A=0 THEN 1040 1050 PRINT CHR(A),:IF A<58 THEN A=A-48: GOTO 1070 1060 A=A-55 1070 A=16*C+A 1080 RETURN 2000 MXAD=8001H: EXAD=8000H 2010 XBY(4C00H)=00C2H: XBY(4C01H)=00B2H: XBY(4C02H)=0022H 2020 XBY(4C03H)=00D2H: XBY(4C04H)=00B2H: XBY(4C05H)=0022H 2030 XBY(4C06H)=00C2H: XBY(4C07H)=00B3H: XBY(4C08H)=0022H 2040 XBY(4C09H)=00D2H: XBY(4C0aH)=00B3H: XBY(4C0bH)=0022H 2050 XBY(4C0cH)=00C2H: XBY(4C0dH)=00B4H: XBY(4C0eH)=0022H 2060 XBY(4C0fH)=00D2H: XBY(4C10H)=00B4H: XBY(4C11H)=0022H 2070 XBY(4C12H)=00C2H: XBY(4C13H)=00B5H: XBY(4C14H)=0022H 2080 XBY(4C15H)=00D2H: XBY(4C16H)=00B5H: XBY(4C17H)=0022H 2090 PRINT "Erasing AT89C2051...": CLOCK1: PRINT TIME 2100 rem RST=H, P3.2=H 2110 EX=000Ah: XBY(EXAD)=EX: call 4c06h: call 4c0ch 2115 REM Wait 10 ms 2120 for t=0 to 5: next t 2125 REM Set P3 for Erase 2130 MX=0004h: xby(MAXD)=MX: call 4c00h: FOR T=0 TO 5 : NEXT T 2135 REM Set RST to 12V 2140 EX= EX .AND. 00FDH: XBY(EXAD)=EX: FOR T=0 TO 5: NEXT T 2145 REM Set P3.2 to 0 2150 EX=EX .AND. 00F7H: XBY(EXAD)=EX: FOR T=0 TO 5 : NEXT T 2155 REM Set P3.2 to 1 2160 EX=EX .OR. 0008H: XBY(EXAD)=EX 2165 REM Put RST to 5V 2170 EX=EX .OR. 0002H: XBY(EXAD)=EX 2180 PRINT "AT89C2051 Erased..." 2190 PRINT "Writing and Verifying..." 2200 FOR COUNT=0 TO 07FFH 2210 VAL1=XBY(4200H+COUNT) 2215 REM Set P3 to WRITE data 2220 MX=0038H: XBY(MXAD)=MX 2225 REM Put data on P1 2230 PORT1=VAL1: CALL 4C12H 2235 REM Put RST to 12V 2240 EX=EX .AND. 00F9H: XBY(EXAD)=EX 2245 REM Put P3.2 to 0 2250 EX=EX .AND. 00F7H: XBY(EXAD)=EX 2260 FOR T=0 TO 5: NEXT T 2265 REM Put P3.2 to 1 2270 EX=EX .OR. 0008H: XBY(EXAD)=EX 2275 REM Disable data from source 2280 CALL 4C15H 2282 EX=EX .OR. 0002H: XBY(EXAD)=EX 2285 REM Set P3 to read data 2290 MX=30H: XBY(MXAD)=MX 2295 REM Read data and compare 2300 port1=255: TEMP=PORT1: IF TEMP <> XBY(4200H+COUNT) THEN GOTO 5000 2305 EX=EX .OR. 1: XBY(EXAD)=EX 2307 EX=EX .AND. 00FEH: XBY(EXAD)=EX 2310 NEXT COUNT 2320 PRINT "Chip Programmed Successfully..." 2330 GOTO 5000 3000 REM Error in HEX file 3010 PRINT "Error in Hex File. Aborting...": END 4000 REM File not suitable for AT89C2051 4010 PRINT "Hex file not suitable for AT89C2051... Aborting": END 5000 print "COUNT=", count : print temp 5005 CALL 4C03H : CALL 4C09H: CALL 4C0FH: CALL 4C15H 5010 PRINT "Turn Power OFF...": PRINT TIME: CLOCK0 5020 END
Listing Two
CPU 8051ORG 0000 mov a, #0; clear accumulator for_ever: mov p1, a; transfer to Port1 inc a ljmp for_ever; loop for ever. end
Listing Three
#include <stdio.h>#include <dos.h> #include <conio.h> #include <process.h> #include<time.h> </p> void main(void) { int dport_lpt1, cport_lpt1, sport_lpt1, del; unsigned char adc_status, adc_val, cport, chan_num; unsigned char nib_0, nib_1, nib_2, nib_3, temp, nibble[5]; </p> /* Sign ON */ clrscr(); printf("MAX186 ADC interface for printer adapter using AT89C2051"); printf("\nD.V.GADRE"); </p> /*Get LPT1 port addresses */ dport_lpt1 = peek(0x40,0x08); if(dport_lpt1 ==0) { printf("\n\n\nLPT! not available... aborting\n\n\n"); exit(1); } printf("\nLPT1 address = %X", dport_lpt1); cport_lpt1 = dport_lpt1 +2; /* control port address */ sport_lpt1 = dport_lpt1 + 1; /* status port address */ </p> /*initialize the ADC strobe signals*/ cport=04; outportb(cport_lpt1, cport); </p> /*clear the status of controller*/ /*this generates a low going pulse on C1* pin of the control port*/ cport=cport | 02; outport(cport_lpt1, cport); cport=cport & 0xfd; outport(cport_lpt1, cport); </p> /* check if ADC is connected & working*/ adc_status=inportb(sport_lpt1); adc_status=adc_status & 0x08; </p> if(adc_status == 0) printf("\nADC connected\n"); else {printf("\nADC not connected...Aborting"); exit(1);} </p> chan_num=0; /*set channel number*/ for(;;) { /*set channel number to the controller*/ outportb(dport_lpt1, chan_num); </p> /*trigger the controller to read the channel number*/ cport=cport | 01; outportb(cport_lpt1, cport); </p> /*wait till it reads the channel number and completes conversion*/ adc_status=inportb(sport_lpt1); adc_status=adc_status & 0x08; while(adc_status ==0) { adc_status=inportb(sport_lpt1); adc_status=adc_status & 0x08; } /*remove the trigger pulse. take it igh to remove the trigger*/ cport=cport & 0xfe; outportb(cport_lpt1, cport); </p> /*clear the status of controller*/ cport=cport | 02; </p> outport(cport_lpt1, cport); cport=cport & 0xfd; outport(cport_lpt1, cport); </p> /*noew read the converted data*/ for(temp=8; temp<11; temp++) { /*set data port to read nibble 0, 1 and 2 in that order*/ outportb(dport_lpt1, temp); </p> /*trigger the converter to perform the read nibble process*/ cport=cport | 01; outportb(cport_lpt1, cport); /*wait till it completes the task*/ adc_status=inportb(sport_lpt1); adc_status=adc_status & 0x08; while(adc_status ==0) { adc_status=inportb(sport_lpt1); adc_status=adc_status & 0x08; } /*remove the trigger pulse*/ cport=cport & 0xfe; outportb(cport_lpt1, cport); /*clear the status of controller*/ cport=cport | 02; outport(cport_lpt1, cport); cport=cport & 0xfd; outport(cport_lpt1, cport); </p> /*read the nibble and store it temporarily*/ adc_val=inportb(sport_lpt1); nibble[temp-8]=(adc_val ^ 0x80) >> 4; } /*construct the full 12 bit number from the stored nibbles*/ printf("\n %d mV", nibble[0] + 16*nibble[1] + 256*nibble[2]); sleep(1); /*sleep for 1 sec*/ } }
Copyright © 1997, Dr. Dobb's Journal


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CategoryTravel France
Saturday, February 6, 2010
The Paris Cheese Guide
La Mom likes getting fan mail and loves when readers share a little about their lives. Here's an email from Nicole, an expat girl after my own heart:
Dear La Mom,
I recently came across your blog and am totally hooked. I hope you're enjoying being back at work, but I wish you had time to post more often! Your blog is addictive!It's a mix of Sex And The City and Gossip Girl!
Like you, I'm an américaine who's been in France for a couple years (I came for grad school). Tis the season of Valentine's Day and I'm curious as to how you met Big Cheese - as a La Single Girl who'd eventually like to be a La Mom in France, I was wondering if you could recommend any good fromageries ;-)
Dear Nicole,
With Valetines's Day fast approaching, here's La Mom's guide to Paris fromageries (cheese stores) where you can find hard, soft, or stinky eligible men, oops, I mean cheese.
1 . Spend your mornings at Starbucks.
Specifically the ones on Rue du Faubourg Saint Honoré in the 8th or the Avenue Victor Hugo in the 16th. Bring lots of newspapers and magazines and plant yourself at a table with a café latte from 8 – 10AM. You'll see lots of young, firm cheese coming for an espresso before work . At the one in the 8th, you may even run into some CNN cheese as the network's Paris office is in the same building.
2. Hit Maxim's on a Saturday night.
If you are lucky enough to get into their once-a-month invitation-only party, you'll find lots of rich cheese from all over the world: French, American, Italian, Dutch, Spanish, German, and South American. The cheese here is just waiting to buy a jolie américaine a glass of champagne and teach her all about their local cheese making process.
3. Make friends with someone hooked into the Paris art gallery scene.
It's all about who and what you know. First, you need to know someone to get you into the exclusive gallery events where lots of refined, aged cheeses are making the rounds of openings, vernissages, and auctions looking to add to their personal collections. Second, you need to know a little something too. So do your homework. Learn just enough about the gallery's event to say something intelligent in case you cross paths with a creamy, dreamy cheese who wants to talk shop.
4. Travel Eurostar 1st class from Paris to London or vice versa.
An abundance of buttery, sweet, mild, sharp, and salty cheese are travelling back and forth on the train for business everyday. Don't listen to music or watch a video on your iPad. Do read the French and English press to show the cheeses that you speak both languages and are open to conversation about current events. Make sure to take a coffee break in the snack car. Hint: Friday evenings are packed with expat French bankers returning to Paris from The City for a weekend visit.
1. Hang out at the Frog Pubs or any other expat-frequented Irish, Canadian, or English pubs.
No doubt about it, while you'll meet a ton of firm cheese here, they'll likely crumble after just a few months. These cheeses are passing through Paris for one to two year expat assignments then will be going back home to climb the corporate ladder. If you're looking for a stable cheese to become a La Mom in Paris with, look elsewhere.
2. Jog at the Parc Monceau
My biggest mistake upon arrival in Paris? Taking The Lonely Planet's guide to Paris word for word. The circa 1997 edition said the best place to meet single, eligible cheese was while jogging at the Parc Monceau on Sunday. What The Lonely Planet forgot to mention was that the best time to run into these cheeses was either early in the morning or in the evening. Don't be an idiot like me and show up smack-dab at 4PM for an hour long jog around the park. All you're going to run into are La Moms, Le Dads, Les Kids, Les Strollers, and Les Grandparents. Single cheeses are nowhere to be found.
Another downside to jogging at the Parc Monceau on Sunday afternoons? You'll be stared at like you're crazier than the stinky, moldy cheese who runs around the park with his headphones on while screaming the lyrics to the music he's listening to. The Frenchies will gawk at you like you're from another planet. At least that's how I took it when I was La Single Girl jogging around the park. Now that I'm La Mom, I stare at the joggers too, but with nostalgic envy about the time pre-French Fries when my Sunday afternoons were spent elsewhere instead of at the Parc Monceau sandbox (I hate sandboxes).
3. Fish in the company lake.
As a rule, I'm not for cheese fishing in the company lake because company fish have a tendancy to stink after awhile. Although it can payoff sometimes. I know quite a few women who started out as secretaries at laws firms or banks and ended up marrying their Big Cheese bosses. Ten years later they're living in a maison particulier in Neuilly, cruising around Paris in a Range Rover, have two live-in nannies, a country house in Brittany, a summer home on the Cote d'Azur, and a cheese who's always at the office. Are these women really happy? That's the million euro question.
4. Spend your Saturday nights in the Marais.
Cheese-a-plenty here. The problem is that the Marais cheese is rather soft and will never ever melt in your mouth!
Bonne chance finding your French cheese, Nicole. I hope my guide to Paris fromageries helps with your search. Let me know how it goes!
Kisses on both cheeks,
La Mom
at 6:32 PM
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The possibility of Cowboys defensive tackle Jay Ratliff ending up on the reserve/PUP list has become a certainty.
The Cowboys have shifted Ratliff over to the regular-season version of the designation, which means he'll be out for at least the first six weeks of the regular season. He'll be eligible to return to practice from Week Six through Week 11; once he does, the team has three weeks to put him on the active roster or shut him down for the season.
The Cowboys also placed center Ryan Cook and defensive tackle Tyrone Crawford on injured reserve, and they released the following players: receiver Anthony Amos, tight end Colin Cochart, guard Dennis Godfrey, receiver Jared Green, linebacker Deon Lacey, kicker Brett Maher, receiver Eric Rogers, quarterback Nick Stephens, and cornerback Brandon Underwood.


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Motivated employees work better, live more satisfied lives, and are generally responsible for driving the success of a business. This course will develop participants' understanding of motivating factors and how to use them to increase workplace motivation for individuals and groups.
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- Name the factors that can influence the behavior of the people they work with
- Describe job enrichment principles
- Describe the manager's role in motivating employees
- Apply job enrichment techniques to motivate employees


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You need an ADC that can reduce your app delivery costs by managing capacity centrally, and allocating bandwidth flexibly across your network.
How do you select an ADC solution that will protect your investment and help you respond to changing conditions?
Download "The Guide to Multi-Dimensional ADC Scaling for Digital Transformation" to learn more. Fill out the form below to receive this eBook.
This eBook identifies ADC considerations for:


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Social workers at NewYork-Presbyterian provide services to patients of all ages – from children to adults – who are admitted to our Hospital or who are seen on an out-patient basis. As part of your health care team, the professional social work staff helps patients and families understand and cope with medical, psychological, and social issues related to their illness.
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Social workers act as patient advocates. This means that we:
From the time of your admission to the hospital, your social worker will work with your doctor and the rest of your health care team to help you plan for the care you may need when you leave the hospital. The social worker will meet with you and your family early during your hospital stay to begin planning discharge.
Social workers lead support groups to help patients and families manage and cope with their illness or disabilities. Our support groups are offered free of charge. To learn more about support groups at NewYork-Presbyterian please contact us at (212) 746-4320.


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Nation & World
Hamas responds to Israeli onslaught with tunnel attack
Hamas gunmen who tunneled into Israel killed two soldiers on Saturday and another Israeli died in a rocket strike, while intensified bombardments in the Gaza Strip raised the reported Palestinian death toll there to more than 100 since the start of an Israeli ground offensive on Thursday.
Israeli troops operating up to two miles inside the Gaza Strip uncovered 13 Hamas tunnels, five of them leading to Israel, military officials said. The stated aim of the ground push is to search for and destroy networks of tunnels built by Hamas, the Islamist militant group that controls Gaza.
But the stepped-up bombardments accompanying the ground incursion, which followed 10 days of air strikes, have led to a sharp increase in Palestinian deaths and raised concerns about a growing humanitarian crisis in the densely populated Gaza Strip.
Israel launched its military campaign there on July 8, saying it was acting to quell rocket fire from the enclave by Islamist militants.
Among those killed in Israeli shelling on Saturday were a couple and their two children, aged 2 and 3, in the town of Beit Hanoun in the northern Gaza Strip, Palestinians reported.
Gaza health officials said that more than 330 Palestinians have been killed since the start of the Israeli campaign, and about 2,500 have been injured. The United Nations said that more than 70 percent of the dead were civilians, of which 73 were children.
The Israeli army said that it had killed 70 militants in skirmishes since the ground operation began.
As the Israeli troops have advanced, tens of thousands of people have fled their homes, and the United Nations Relief and Works Agency, which assists Palestinian refugees, said more than 60,000 Gazans had taken refuge in 49 shelters provided by the agency, most of them schools.
"The speed with which this has happened is staggering," said Robert Turner, director of operations for UNRWA in Gaza. "The number of displaced persons doubled in one day." Turner said that if the stream of arrivals continues, the agency would run out of basic stocks of mattresses and other vital supplies.
UN agencies reported that damage to water and electricity lines had caused widespread power outages and left 900,000 people without running water. About half of the sewage pumping and wastewater treatment systems in Gaza were no longer functioning, the UN said.
Hospitals struggling to treat a stream of casualties reported shortages of vital supplies and said they were using generators because of disruptions in power supply. A hospital in Beit Hanoun was damaged by shelling, according to local reports.
UN Secretary General Ban ki-Moon planned to travel to the region on Saturday to help bring an end to the fighting.
"The Secretary-General is extremely concerned that this escalation will further increase the already appalling death toll among Gazan civilians," the UN's under-secretary-general for political affairs, Jeffrey Feltman, told an urgent Security Council session on Friday.
"We condemn the indiscriminate rocket fire from Gaza," he said. "But we are alarmed by Israel's heavy response."
Militants in Gaza fired fresh volleys of rockets at Israel on Saturday, killing a man in a Bedouin encampment near Dimona, a town near the site of Israel's nuclear reactor. Four of the man's relatives were wounded, including a three-month-old baby who was in serious condition.
The Bedouin, part of Israel's Arab minority, live in shantytowns scattered across the southern Negev region, and lack early warning systems and shelters that have prevented casualties in Israeli cities and towns.
On Israel's border with the Gaza Strip, a group of heavily armed Hamas militants disguised as Israeli soldiers emerged from a tunnel and fired an anti-tank missile at a passing army jeep, killing two soldiers and wounding four others, the army said.
The military said that troops returned fire, killing one gunman as the rest of the group retreated to the Gaza Strip.
The soldiers' deaths brought to five the number of Israelis killed since the start of the Gaza campaign.
In another border incident, two militants in Gaza opened fire and launched an anti-tank missile at Israeli troops along the border, causing no casualties, the army said. Soldiers returned fire, killing a militant, and the second died when his explosive belt detonated, according to the military.
Handcuffs and tranquilizers were found on the body of one of the militants, suggesting that their mission was to abduct an Israeli, the army said.
Diplomatic efforts to bring an end to the fighting continued Saturday with no signs of progress.
At a news conference in Cairo with French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius, Egypt's foreign minister, Sameh Shukri, said his country had no plans to revise a ceasefire proposal that has been rejected by Hamas.
The plan calls for an end to fighting followed by truce negotiations, but Hamas has insisted that its demands be met first, primarily the lifting of Egyptian and Israeli border restrictions imposed on Gaza, which have throttled the local economy.
The Islamist group wants Egypt to open the Rafah border crossing between the Gaza Strip and Egypt, but Egyptian President Abdel-Fattah el-Sisi, who removed the Muslim Brotherhood from power and is hostile to its offshoot Hamas, has kept the crossing largely closed since taking power.
On Saturday Egyptian soldiers blocked an aid convoy of Egyptian activists headed to Gaza from reaching the crossing.
Palestinian Authority president Mahmoud Abbas, who met Friday with Turkish leaders, traveled to Qatar in an effort to get it to prod Hamas into accepting the ceasefire deal. Qatar hosts Hamas's top political leader, Khaled Mashaal.
Greenberg is a McClatchy special correspondent.


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Tomlidich the second wrote:suppose maybe the more science-centric tea snobs here can help me out-
for years, i have enjoyed the tazo chai latte drinks from coffee shops, but to my dismay, they are quite expensive.
but for the life of me, i cannot recreate them at home, not sure what i am doing wrong. i sourced the tazo chai mix that they use, followed the directions, and... less than spectacular results.
Have you been checking the temperature of the water?
I ended up being given a taster set of different teas from a very fancy company with two of each flavour. The first time I tried the Jasmine it was the best I'd ever had, the second time it was ok. The difference was that the second time the water used was hotter.


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FRITZ!WLAN Stick AC 430 MU-MIMO Service - Knowledge Base
FRITZ!WLAN Stick AC 430 MU-MIMO Service
AVM Content
Not your product?
This document is also available for the following products:
Computer freezes when installing or using the FRITZ!WLAN Stick
Your computer freezes when installing the driver software or while using the FRITZ!WLAN Stick, and it no longer responds.
Simply proceed as described below. After each measure, check whether the problem persists.
1 Installing the latest driver for the FRITZ!WLAN Stick
- Install the latest driver for the FRITZ!WLAN Stick.
2 Connecting the FRITZ!WLAN Stick without a USB hub
The following step is only necessary if you connected the FRITZ!WLAN Stick to a USB hub instead of connecting it directly to the USB port on your computer:
Note:The FRITZ!WLAN Stick can be used with many USB hubs that support at least USB 2.0. However, AVM cannot guarantee that USB hubs will work properly.
- Remove the USB hub from the computer for testing purposes.
- Connect the FRITZ!WLAN Stick directly to the USB port on your computer.
3 Installing the latest chipset drivers for your mainboard
- Install the latest drivers for the mainboard chipset on your computer (the chipset is a part of the mainboard that computer components are attached or connected to).
Note:You can find the latest drivers in the download area of the mainboard or chipset manufacturer's website.
4 Testing on a different computer
- Install the FRITZ!WLAN Stick on a different computer and check whether the same error also occurs with that computer.
- If the error does not occur with the other computer, consult the manufacturer of the first computer. This is not an error on the part of the FRITZ!WLAN Stick.


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10 March 2014 at 5.09pm | Comment on this article
The invention and beauty of Richard Strauss's score for Die Frau ohne Schatten is staggering. Strauss marshals his massive orchestra to create a breathtaking array of musical effects, his orchestral language so rich and varied that almost every one of his motifs (musical 'tags' associated with ideas or characters) occupies its own distinct, instantly recognizable soundworld. It's the perfect counterpart for Hugo von Hofmannsthal's fairytale libretto, in which symbols loom large, their shadows spreading far.
Die Frau is a fable of human relationships, told through two couples: one, the Emperor and the Empress, so lofty and removed from reality that the relationship is sterile and the Emperor's heart hardened in jealousy; and the other, Barak and his Wife, so caught up in the drudgery of everyday existence that they cannot recognize their love for each other. In this parable symbols of hunting, of marriage, of children unborn, of shadows and mortality and a heart of stone have crucial importance. Their potency is captured and concentrated in Strauss's ingenious motivic writing.
For the most part the motifs are tiny musical fragments no more than a few notes long. They're astonishing both for their simplicity and the immediacy with which they characterize the symbol they represent. Take the motif for the Empress's father, Keikobad, that opens the opera. It's chilling and ominous, a heavy three-note pattern played on tuba, trombones and timpani (only slightly less terrifying than Strauss's other absent father figure in Elektra). Then there's the pervasive 'shadow' motif, symbolic of the Empress's unrealness and the sterility of her marriage. The motif, essentially just two ascending 4ths on top of each other, becomes magically ethereal and elusive with harp harmonics and rippling violins that play in surprising septuplet rhythms.
But perhaps most spectacular of all is the haunting 'Falcon' motif, which with only three notes evokes the creature's slow lonely circling, its constant hunt and plangent cry of anguish. The Falcon is a symbol related to the Emperor and the Empress. The Emperor used his beloved red Falcon to hunt down a white gazelle. Once he stabbed the gazelle with his spear it shape-shifted into the form of a woman. He made her his Empress and cast off the Falcon; but though he and the Empress love each other his passion for hunting is still all-consuming, and he leaves his wife alone for long hours, unfulfilled, still made of air and without a shadow.
The Falcon makes its return to the Empress near the beginning of the opera. The Empress's own music is trilling coloratura birdsong, joyous, melodic and full of light. She greets the Falcon merrily, thrilled to see the return of her husband's dear possession. But the Falcon's mournful cry, while still birdlike, is a world apart from the Empress's buoyant singing. Piccolo, oboes and clarinets sound in unison, crushing an appoggiatura D down into a C#. They have an insistent, nagging rhythm that is played over and over. The voice of the Falcon cries out on the same pitches, clashing brutally on its long held D over the predominant C#s in the accompaniment, as it delivers its message: 'Why should I not cry? The Empress has no shadow and the Emperor must turn to stone.'
The Falcon's cry recurs again and again throughout the opera, always at the same pitch and the same tempo – unique among the motifs, which otherwise are all transformed as they return. The 'Falcon' motif implacably needles the Emperor into jealousy in Act II, and in Act III taunting the Empress as she struggles to resist temptation, always piercing through the musical fabric around it. It's a breathtakingly rich, simple and effective idea – just one of the hundreds in Strauss's supreme masterpiece.
Die Frau ohne Schatten runs from 14 March–2 April 2014. Tickets are still available.
The production is staged with generous philanthropic support from Sir Simon and Lady Robertson, Hamish and Sophie Forsyth, The Friends of Covent Garden and an anonymous donor.


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SCons / SconsVsOtherBuildTools
The SCons wiki has moved to https://github.com/SCons/scons/wiki/SconsVsOtherBuildTools
Note: this page may contain flammable opinions. This is a wiki, many have contributed to it. Please be considerate and balanced.
Table of Contents
- Based on a full-fledged programming language, Python. This means you can make the build system do pretty much anything you can figure out how to program, if it doesn't do it already. This also means it doesn't reinvent the wheel, and uses a tried-and-proven syntax.
- Support for many platforms, compilers, and targets built-in.
- Has auto-configuration abilities.
- Can be distributed with the software product, so users do not need to install it. This reduces the dependencies your users need to python, which almost everyone already has (or can easily get)
- No need for intermediate steps like generating a makefile and then using a makefile; likewise, no need for many tools like automake, autoconf, autoreconf, make, ... scons is all-in-one, self-contained, usable with a single call, making it easier for users
- Based on a general-purpose programming language, Python. This means writing even a basic build file requires you to know a bit about Python and its syntax.
- If you want to do more complicated builds, you will quickly find yourself having to write a fair amount of Python code to achieve the functionality built into other build systems.
- A bit low-level; even some quite common tasks require writing more code than you'd expect
- Requires users (developers) to have a full Python installation and then to install the SCons scripts on top of that (though python is arguably very largely installed, and scons-local can be included inside your program's source code to remove the dependency on scons)
- Very centric on the idea of having a build dir. Great pains to avoid this.
- Can get slow on big projects
This is the standard against which all other build systems are currently compared. Make is at its core a dependency checker that can execute shell commands based on one file being older than another. Implementations of Make exist on almost every software platform, although by far the most widespread would be GNU Make.
Most Make implementations include a set of 'default make rules' which allow very simple building of C, C++, FORTRAN, lex and yacc projects. Additionally make rules can be specified for other languages, but these tend to need to be customized from platform to platform.
Make doesn't include dependency checking by default, although there are make rules that can do this for you fairly easily in the case of GNU Make.
GNU Make's support for shell scripts under GNU/Linux means that GNU Makefiles can be very powerful, but use of advanced GNU Make features will usually render your makefile incompatible with other Make implementations.
GNU Autotools
GNU Autotools extends GNU Make with a larger library of default build rules, plus extensive dependency checking capability. It knows how to compile software (executables, shared libraries, plus documentation, etc) for a large number of targets, which is something that rapidly becomes tedious when using plain Makefiles.
GNU Autotools have an intimidating learning curve, however; fairly detailed knowledge is required before they can be easily put to use on an existing codebase.
GNU Autotools is the defacto standard build system for large linux programs, although other tools such as Scons are making inroads.
GNU Autotools generate a 'configure' script which can be bundled with your source distribution, so that the person compiling your software doesn't need to have Autotools installed. This script performs requirements checking on the target system then generates Makefiles to compile the software.
CMake is a principal competitor to both GNU Autotools and SCons. It is a build system generator, i.e. after running CMake, the user has a native Visual Studio file at his disposal, or a native Makefile, or nmake file, or whatever their preference is. Off-the-shelf build capabilities are comprehensive and proven for large scale software development. The implementation architecture is far more unified than GNU Autotools and it runs much faster. CMake has its own scripting language that runs on all platforms that CMake targets. It is Yet Another Scripting Language, which puts some people off, but it has the advantage of not introducing any additional language dependencies to a project.
When compared to scons, CMake is :
- Faster
- Requires less code for common tasks
- Arguably more stable
- Supports outputting to projects like Code::Blocks, Xcode, etc. which scons does not
But :
- Uses its own language, reinventing the wheel and not providing access to the extensibility and power of a real language.
- Arguably not as extensible as scons
- For terminal builds, still requires the use of 'make' (which, depending on your point of view, may or may not be a disadvantage) while scons is self-contained, all-in-one
To sum up, my very subjective opinion is that scons is a better idea, but CMake has a stronger implementation
Makeit (http://www.dscpl.com.au/projects/makeit/) is a wide-ranging, quick and venerable build system that was part of Graham Dumpleton's OSE. Under the hood it's little more than an aspect-oriented collection of GNU Make modules. App/lib build files are typically tiny - on the order of a half dozen to a dozen lines - and contain nothing more than a few parameter settings. Mainly tilted toward C/C++/Python development, Makeit supports very large multi-platform multi-compiler multi-target and multi-technology-path builds while hiding almost all low-level details from app and maintenance programmers.
Jam is a build tool with its own, primitive, built-in interpreted language.
There are several variants of Jam out there.
- First it was created by folks at Perforce.
- Then it was updated by the folks behind FreeType. Also known as FTJam.
- There is a version maintained by the Boost people, called Boost Jam. Also known as BJam, it supports language extensions -- such as modules and classes -- that are required to actually put together a build system of any sophistication. See Boost Build V2.
- Now there is a new version of Jam called KJam. It's a complete rewrite of Jam with many extensions and improvements to the language. It has a distributed mode where build jobs can be spawned on a load-balanced peer network of build servers.
Jam is similar to Make in that it is based on dependency triggered execution of commands. It comes with a very small, but extensible, set of functions ("rules") that make "building simple things simple and building complicated things manageable." That's true up to the point that you need to do some very simple things portably. Even the creation of dynamic libraries is not supported by the default ruleset. You can always extend these rules, but eventually you will run into the limits of the Jam language'e expressiveness.
Boost.Build is a system build on the Boost.Jam substrate. Like Make, it is able to deduce a sequence of build steps given just sources and a target type. Unlike Make, it knows about different types of compilers that are common on various systems, and the different steps involved in compiling for Windows vs Unix. This knowledge allows the user to describe what needs to be built in high-level terms, without concern for low-level details such as the compiler's specific flags, the way that the operating system handles dynamic libraries. The goal is to be able to write a single, simple, build description (Jamfile) that is likely to work with any compiler and/or operating system, even ones you can't personally test on. It also has built-in support for variant builds, options (e.g. include paths and threading options) associated with the usage of particular libraries, and the running of test cases (including automatically setting up necessary environment variables such as LD_LIBRARY_PATH).
The Boost Build V2 system can create multiple variant and/or compiler builds in a single build step (e.g. debug objects and release objects are compiled into separate directories). The learning curve may be steeper if you're used to directly manipulating low-level build details such as compiler flags, but you get much more of a full-featured build system right out of the box. With SCons you could achieve the same results, but you would have to build an extensive system on top of it with several more layers of abstraction. Or you can write much more complicated Sconsfiles, designed to deal with each of several supported compilers and operating systems individually. The Boost.Build team is seriously considering the use of Scons as its low-level build substrate.
However, the support of multiple variant builds comes with a cost - the user has no control of where the built files get placed (you can supply only a prefix path). You can easily end up with an executable at your_project_dir/bin/msvc-7.1/debug/link-static/threading-single/user-interface-gui (or deeper) even if that is the only variant you are ever going to build.
Another problem is that the built files depend only on the source files and not on the command to build them (like in scons). That means that when you alter your Jamfile you either have to find and delete the executable by yourself or rebuild the whole target. That is another problem since it does not rebuild only the target you specify but also all depending libraries (aka rebuilding the world) without the option not to.
Qmake is the build system created by Trolltech for their Qt toolkit.
Pretty similar in concept to Jam. Brief build files and lots of built-in knowledge of specific compilers for building on different platforms. The main motivation, however, seems to be that Trolltech wanted their build system to automatically recognize moc and uic steps. SCons has support for these build types built in as well.
A big difference between qmake and Jam, however, is that Jam actually builds the sources, whereas qmake is used to generate native makefiles or project files, which the user then uses to do the actual building.
Qmake's predecessor was called tmake.
A-A-P is another python based build tool, written by Vim's author Bram Moolenar.
Ant uses XML for the format of the build file, and as such tends to be somewhat verbose (in comparison to Makefiles, for example) and a bit tedious to type. As with make the 'language' of the build file is declarative rather than procedural. Ant can be readily extended by writing custom 'tasks', which are simple Java classes.
Ant has the advantage of widespread use. IDEs understand and support Ant scripts (with at least Eclipse and NetBeans as examples). Custom tasks are available for quite a number of uses. If you have a unique need, odds are you can find an existing example you can adapt that is close to what you need. Some available custom tasks are quite sophisticated, and you may not be able to find equivalents for other build tools.
Ant is written in Java, was aimed at and is most widely used for Java development. As a consequence Java development is throughly supported - perhaps more so than most or all other build tools. On the other hand, support for use of other languages is a bit more generic.
Note that the use of the Script task allows Ant build files to embed snippets of other languages. You can readily install support for Jython, Javascript, JRuby, Netrexx, Groovy, and others.
Compared to make there are far fewer headaches in creating and maintaining cross-platform build files. If you have ever had to maintain Makefiles for different platforms (Windows and differing versions of Unix) a good share of your effort goes into handling major and minor incompatibilites between platforms.
Although Ant itself does not come with the ability to compile C/C++ sources, the Ant-Contrib project has risen to fill this void. The cc task can "can compile various source languages and produce executables, shared libraries (aka DLL's) and static libraries. Compiler adaptors are currently available for several C/C++ compilers, FORTRAN, MIDL and Windows Resource files."
NAnt is a version of Ant focused on .NET and C#, rather than Java development.
By 2010, Apache Maven has become the dominant build tool in the Java world, but it's first versions date back ten years prior. It is a build system as well as a packaging and distribution system built around a set of rather common workflows and best practices. Maven is written in Java and quite JVM centric, and has a huge ecosystem of plugins for each and everything, including development for C++ and Flex. Maven is highly configurable, but in order to reduce configuration, it is advisable to follow The Maven Way, which is a Convention over Configuration philosophy; there is an recommended layout of the source tree and a recommended way for doing several things (although many organizations choose this layout whether they are using Maven or not). Arguably, the entrance barrier is high and the learning curve is steep. Like any advanced tool, when not handled with some diligence, it can lead into "configuration hell". But this is mitigated by the large number of current books documenting the use of it, and the support lists generally have very few people asking how to get started these days.
For use with Maven, each project and each sub module defines a Project Object Model (pom.xml), declaring metadata, required plug-ins and library dependencies. Plugins are attached to a build/lifecycle through the POM, which is then executed. The POM only contains declarative information and conforms to a well-known XML schema, so it can be easily parsed by IDEs and other build tools. POMs thereby form the canonical build description, regardless of the variety of IDEs used by individual developers on a team. These POMs also form the metadata that is uploaded to repositories for sharing built artifacts, and are primarily used at that level for transitive dependency resolution.
Any procedural aspects of a build are encapsulated in Maven Plugins. Plugin is a Java interface with one execute() method that takes no parameters or return value. In addition Maven Archetypes can create minimal Maven projects of a requested type, and the Plugin Archetype is no different in that it can create a Plugin project with one line on the command line. For specific technologies with divergent build techniques, a Plugin can change the standard workflow to whatever is required. This allows modules with new technologies to be easily built when a Plugin already exists for it.
Like any build environment with highly granular dependencies, Maven benefits from the availability of a fast network connection for the first build. Any plug-ins and library dependencies will be fetched online and there are mechanisms for publishing automatically back to the Net. These downloaded dependencies are placed automatically in a local repository, and if dependencies are not changed or the dependencies were already downloaded for other projects a user has developed, no downloads or net connection is required. Supporting the repository, Maven has extensive support with robust tools for version and release management. These tools integrate directly with all popular VCS/DVCS system and manage automatic source tree tagging for each release, allowing for complete reproducibility. All of this makes Maven well suited for an industrial setup or for large scale open source library / platform projects.
Some argue that Maven is too heavyweight and complex for small projects, but outside the paradigm shift from a procedural to a declarative build description, it is really just the same question of whether to have a build system at all. Many people find that they are more comfortable without Makefiles, and for those folks, Maven will be similarly harmful for their needs. On the other hand, Maven has been extensively emulated in one degree or another by projects such as Buildr, Gradle and Ant+Ivy through their use of the Maven central repository.
Gradle was originally a Groovy implemented system for building Java and Groovy codes. Crucial bits have been reimplemented in Java, and a build server architecture created for speed of builds. Builds are specified in a Groovy-based build specification language, in this is it analogous to SCons and Python. Gradle is now the default build system for Android projects. Gradle has been extended to create native code builds. Initially this only covers C and C++.
TWW tools from TWW Inc.
Cross-Platform Application Development and Management solutions are in need to deal with the computing world we created.
For one of CPAD solutions please see http://www.gnustep.org. TWW tools is one of CPAM solutions, it use
XML and Python to glue together the incompatible operating systems to minimize the cost of maintaining applications on different OS.
TWW tools match create,package and manage phases of software application management.
- Application Creation.
* "sb" in sbutils take care of the following process.
- Software unpack a .tar.gz, .zip, .bz2, .cpio packed source.
- Software patching to the source tar ball.
- Software configure to supply configuration setting to GNU's configure in autotool.
- Software build with your choice of compiler.
- Software install into installation
- Application Packaging.
- package the installation directory into native PMS(package management system)format.
- Include the init,post/pre install type of scripts.
- Application Management.
- Same "pkg-inst" across supported OS platforms to install application.
- pkg-inst handle package dependency.
- Same "pkg-rm" to remove package including removal package dependent if needed.
For details please see http://www.thewrittenword.com or http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/CPAM_with_TWW
Rake is a Ruby-based build tool.
Overview: http://martinfowler.com/articles/rake.html
- Clear syntax
- Ruby integration (RDoc / RubyGems)
Core functionality is in one file - easily distributed with packages
Lacking much of SCons' target-type-specific support
- C/C++/Java/TeX/...
- gcc/icc/VS.NET/...
- and more
Makepp is a build system implemented entirely in Perl. Although it is 'backward compatible' with make it allows you to have Perl code and functions in your makefile. As the Makepp website states:
Makepp is a drop-in replacement for GNU make which has a number of features that allow for more reliable builds and simpler build files. It supports almost all of the syntax that GNU make supports, and can be used with makefiles produced by utilities such as automake. It is called makepp (or make++) because it was designed for building C++ programs. Also its relationship to make is supposed to be analogous to C++'s relationship to C: it is almost 100% backward compatible but adds a number of new features. In fact, it will work with input files designed for make, but there are much better ways to do things. Some features that makepp adds to make are: greatly improved handling of builds that involve multiple makefiles (recursive make is no longer necessary); automatic scanning for include files; rebuilds triggered if build command changes; checksum-based signature methods for reliable builds; extensibility through perl (within your makefile); repositories (automatically importing files from another tree). For a more complete feature list, see the manual http://makepp.sourceforge.net/1.50/.
- In the quest for reducing boilerplate and simplifying individual Makefiles in large projects Makepp seems to be one step ahead: It will allow you to completely eliminate individual makefiles if there is a makefile higher up in the directory structure that defines all the necessary rules to build the files in the current directory (with the targets being created in the same directory)
- Provides functions for the more obscure automatic make variables ($@, $^, $+ etc.)
Multiple variant builds are easily possible by having the sources in a repository and building from there in empty directories. Alternately or additionally the build cache mechanism allows quickly reviving files that have been built identically before.
Makefile syntax
Waf is a build system written in python. It was invented because the KDE project needs a new build system. WAF is technically a fork of an older version of SCons, but it's been rewritten so extensively that, for all practical purposes, it should be considered a separate code base.
- Much faster than SCons.
- Configuration is separated from building.
- A set of diffrent pretty output modes available by default.
- Pythonic API, compared to SCons use of CamelCase.
- Makes use of features provided by newer versions of Python.
- Not as wide platform and tool support compared to SCons.
- Small developer team and user base.
- No proper test suite for regression protection.
- The API is still changing quite a bit.
- Not backwards compatible with older versions of Python compared to SCons.
There's some rough and incomplete documentation in the WAF wiki and there's also some information in this PDF file.
KConfig is a build system written in make, which is used to build the Linux kernel, and a number of other low-level tools (buildroot, uclibc, busybox). It has a snazzy configuration GUI, and is quite fast.
Other comparisons
The AAP page has a list of various build tools out there.
dmoz.org also has a short list of build tools. In particular there is a list of Make tools.
Make alternatives A few suggestions of alternatives to make.
Benchmarks of various C++ build tools Compares the speed of SCons, Waf, Wonderbuild, Jam, Make, the Autotools, CMake, VCBuild ...


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The Steelers came into Sunday's game against the Browns without starting right tackle Marcus Gilbert, but replacement Mike Adams wasn't able to make it through the game.
Adams has been carted to the locker room with an ankle injury that looks serious enough to keep him out for the rest of Week 12 at the very least. He's been replaced by Kelvin Beachum, who made an inauspicious debut when he was flagged for holding to wipe out a long Charlie Batch completion to tight end Heath Miller to convert a second-and-long in the third quarter.
That's going to make things even more difficult for a Steelers offense that hasn't been able to find much rhythm to this point in the game. Batch threw an interception, the team's fourth turnover of the day, and the Browns turned it into a Trent Richardson touchdown to give them a 20-14 lead.
The score remains 20-14 early in the fourth quarter, but the Steelers keep shooting themselves in the foot. Batch was just intercepted again to kill a drive that looked destined for at least a field goal.


text:
1833 E Monroe Street
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Listing Office: Coldwell Banker Schmidt Fremont
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White Cloud
The city of White Cloud is located in Newaygo County, Michigan. It has a population of about 1,400 people. In Western Michigan, the community is about an hourLearn More
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Multicultural Visit Day
Come visit Kent State and learn more about opportunities for students from all ethnic, cultural and racial backgrounds. Kent State has a rich history of diversity! Explore services provided, our academic programs, view model residence hall rooms and tour the campus. Be inspired by guest speakers and get a sense of how you personally fit into the Kent State community!


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Nilofer Merchant
Strategist and advisor to help companies win markets
Nilofer Merchant has gone from admin to CEO to board member of a NASDAQ-traded company along her 20 year career, gathering monikers such as "the Jane Bond of Innovation" along the way for her ability to guide Fortune 500 and startup companies through impossible odds.
She's worked for major companies like Apple (with Steve Jobs) and Autodesk (personally hired and fired by Carol Bartz) and startups in the early days of the Web (Golive/ later bought by Adobe). And Logitech, Symantec, HP, Yahoo, VMWare, and many others have turned to her guidance to develop new product strategies, enter new markets, defend against competitors, and optimize revenues. And, Merchant is one of the few people who can say they've fought a competitive battle against Microsoft and won, for Symantec's Anti-Virus $2.1B annual business. She has personally launched more than 100 products, netting $18B in sales, with expertise in Europe and US markets. Today she serves on boards for both public and private companies.
The 11 Rules for Creating Value in the #SocialEra, published by Harvard Business Review in 2012 follows her previous book, The New How (Oreilly, 2010), on Collaborative work. She lectures on innovation, board governance, and marketing at Stanford University. You can follow her current thinking at nilofermerchant.com and follow her on Twitter @Nilofer.
Subversive Collaboration: Co-creating for kick-ass results
Webcast - MurderBoarding: It's not about the ideas you keep, but the ones you kill
"If you've ever been inside a company where bad decisions and poorly-planned strategies are slowing or halting forward progress, this book is invaluable. "
"Even as an experienced management consultant and manager, I would highly recommend this book (Ive also added it to my popular Crash Course Consulting Reading List). The book is practical and covers a body of knowledge that has been largely undocumented to date. Whether one explicitly uses the processes Nilofer describes, the book still provides a good framework for assessing how one is doing. This book is well-suited for corporate executives, strategic planners, general managers, and management consultants. It would also be good as a textbook to supplement strategy and/or consulting courses."
"It's a quick and fast read and the content is easy to digest and retain. I highly recommend it for anyone that works on IT projects, manages IT projects, or is in an MBA program."
"The New How provides a comprehensive step by step approach to the process of diagnosing, brainstorming and implementing organizational strategy. This highly readable and useful book should not only appeal to employers at all levels within an organization, but also to consultants and non-profit organizations."
"...a great book for those that truly want to collaborate but also need a framework for collaboration along with some practical advice on how to actually get down to the business of collaboration...this is another book I believe you should carefully read cover-to-cover (I did)..."
"Anyone who has seen a top down strategy implementation gone awry will know after reading the first chapter of The New How, that Nilofer Merchant gets it."
"Small and large business owners and employees will find applicable topics in The New How, and Merchant's clear and thorough writing should spark ideas and encourage active collaboration on all levels, eliminating that 'air sandwich.'"
"What I like best about Nilofer is that she is grounded and real. She uses simple graphics to illustrate her ideas and focuses on her own experiences in the tough process of creating good strategies. She has good stories and examples to illustrate her approach and that makes the book very readable."
"Most business books describe what leaders should do. Many explain why. The New How is unique in setting out a clear end-to end process and framework for co-creating innovation and change in 21st century organizations. It's also well-written, fun to read and provides practical guidance on how to succeed. "
"Nilofer Merchant reveals how to develop and deliver winning strategies by leveraging the creative power of your entire organization. You will learn how to transform strategy from a word to a way of being.
"The New How puts into prose, and backs up with insight, the key thoughts to successful leadership it's all about people.
"Rubicon as always stood apart from other consulting firms because they engender true engagement across an organization. Adobe's first of many engagements with Rubicon was to develop the Education segment go-to-market plan. Adobe's Education market growth over the past decade is testimony to the value of a collaborative implementation of strategy, Merchant's signature, and the foundation of The New How.
"Merchant's book is a practical guide for the journey from strategy to implementation. The collaborative tools described here can help companies reach strategic successand avoid pitfalls along the way."
"The New How is informative and provides exciting insights because the suggestions are practical and do-able. Merchant gets the new reality -- leadership fails not so much from flawed strategy as it does from failed processes of engagement from those responsible for implementing the strategy. In high-performing organizations everyone acts like a leader and they own the strategy and take actions to ensure its success. If you care about making a difference, read this book."
"The New How is filled with insight, good sense and wisdom that will be very helpful for a professional manager undertaking strategic planning. Congratulations! Nilofer has always made a difference with her presence. Now that presence has a new life in the written word that will transcend different boundaries."
"In a world in which the pace of change is ever quickening, collaboration, not control, is the route to a successful organization. This book tells you how to make your organization collaborative. And Nilofer Merchant's writing is a model of clarity."
"Whether you're in middle management trying to connect your team to the strategy coming out of the C-suite, or you're the exec tasked with coming up with a new vision, read Nilofer's book first!"
"Want to transform your organization into a collaborative enterprise? Nilofer Merchant provides insightful and practical strategies in The New How."
"The New How is a timely, thoughtful, and practical blueprint for corporate executives and group leaders to create highly effective and sustainably successful organizations. Innovatively and refreshingly, Nilofer Merchant points the way for achieving truly productive relationships among all levels in a company. We can all learn from this book; it's also a great read."
"How are you going to get rid of your air sandwich if you don't even know what it is? Provocative and practical at the same time."
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Edward never came back. Seven years later, Bella is a tough, heartless corporate girl in New York City. She has taken down many businesses and never lost. Now, she is about to take down C-CORP. Who is the mysterious owner? Who is "C"? She will find out, and she will destroy him. Who is the monster now? Can she be saved? The story is done. I will update everyday! THIS IS IT GUYS! THE LAST CHAPTER AND EPILOGUE! (SNIFF)
Rating 5/5 Word Count 3742 Review this Chapter
- - - - - - - - - - - -
I stood in the middle of my living room in the dark staring at my clock as if it were my mortal enemy. I watched as the second hand kept moving, tick . . .tick . . .tick, oblivious to the fact that I wanted to desperately stop time from ever moving forward.
I closed my eyes and in the silence, I could almost hear every dream that I had kept secretly locked in a secret and small part of my heart, slowly seeping through the cracks in my soul and dissipating into thin air.
Fifteen more seconds, 10 more seconds, 5 more, and then my shoulders slumped and all the air escaped out of me as I hung my head in defeat. Just like it always had, time had kept moving, even for me.
Time was heartless, blind, and cruel.
It was midnight. The date was September 13th. And I was now twenty five years old. I shook my head and once again berated myself. Stupid Bella, stupid foolish Bella.
It had been seven years since he had walked away and left me in the forest, and another birthday had come to me. Wherever he was, I knew in that perfect mind of his that he never forgot anything. Whether or not he wanted to, his mind would remember this day as my birthday and he would know how old I was.
And he didn't care.
I knew it was irrational, but this birthday, turning twenty five, seemed even more final. If he was ever going to come back, he would have done it before I was twenty-five. After that, I would just be too old. The span in our ages would be too great. There were plenty of younger vampires that could do the job much better.
I stared at the clock. One minute had gone by. My mind screamed like it always did, You can stand here counting the minutesuntil you're ninety-two and he still won't come back! I knew that, I really did. My heart was just screaming for something else.
He was somewhere in the world and he was unchanged. The perfect boy that still found a way to invade my thoughts. His crooked smile was still perfect, his bronze hair was perfect, and his arms were still the only place I had ever wanted to be.
I was going to turn twenty-six, and then twenty-seven. I had to stand and face it for the last time. This was beginning of my life, I told myself. No more looking back. Why did it feel like a life sentence?
The clock, uncaring to my misery, was still ticking. I turned around, straightened my shoulders, and went to bed.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
When you're dreamin' with a broken heart,
The waking up is the hardest part.
You roll out of bed and down on your knees,
And for a moment you can hardly breathe,
Wondering was he really here?
Is he standing in my room?
No he's not,
Cause he's gone.
- - - Dreaming with a Broken Heart, John Mayer
Bella's POV
I heard the irritating beeping of my alarm clock and threw my hand out of my covers as I searched for the button that would end my annoyance. My eyes squinted in the darkness as I looked at my clock. 5:00 a.m. I pulled the covers over my face and closed my eyes again. It was only for a moment, but it was enough. Before I could stop myself a memory rushed in.
The steady beat of the rain hitting the window in my bedroom woke me, and I slowly opened my eyes. I glanced up at my clock and saw that it was 5:00 a.m.
I turned over in the darkness. My hands found him before my eyes did. He was staring at me with a crooked smile on his face. My angel. I moved over and snuggled in to him as close as possible. I could smell him as I felt his marble arms close tight around me. I kissed his neck and I heard his magical voice whisper, "It's early, you should go back to sleep." I put my mouth next to his ear and whispered back, "I'm not sleepy."
I pulled back my sheet and blanket so he could slide underneath them. I felt his hand move slowly into my hair as he stared at me, then, his cold lips were on mine as I wrapped my arms around his neck and pulled him down with me onto my pillow.
My eyes shot open and I threw back my covers. In my hurry to get out of the bed as quickly as I could, my feet got tangled in the sheet and I fell out of bed and onto my knees. My hand went to my mouth as I swallowed the tears that were threatening to spill over, but I was determined that they would never show themselves.
I was angry. Angry because I knew the rules. Jump out of bed as soon as the alarm goes off, Bella. Never allow any unguarded moments in which your mind may begin to wander. I knew from experience that as soon as I let my mind be free, it would go where it always wanted to go, and I was fully aware of what that kind of thinking could do to me.
I clenched my teeth and took a deep breath. That memory was only 10 seconds at the most, I told myself.
I brought my hand down from my mouth, picked myself up, and began walking to my bathroom. I was getting better and better at controlling it. I was getting better and better all the time.
I pulled on my shorts and shirt; put on my running shoes, and was strapping my i-pod on my arm as I walked out of the apartment. I heard the hard rock music begin blasting in my ear as I rode the elevator down the sixty-five floors to the lobby, and I felt the tension that had come from my unwanted memory, begin to leave my body. I tried not to cringe at the music I was listening to. Hard rock and Rap were the only music I allowed. I pulled my hair back into a ponytail and shut my eyes as I tried to forget about everything that made me feel weak and helpless. Everything that had to do with him.
Philip, the night guard, waved at me as I walked across the massive lobby and out the doors. Central Park was right across the street from my building, and in less than a minute, I was running. Most mornings I ran five or six miles. The mornings I woke up with dreams about him, or let myself think about him I usually pushed myself a little harder. I felt a good seven or eight mile day coming on. One way or another, I would get him out of my system, out of my mind, out of my heart.
The cool, late September air was perfect for running and about four miles in, I felt my head begin to clear. I pushed myself to run harder, faster. Every step was another victory. Every step meant I was stronger. Every step meant I was farther away from wanting him. Every step meant I was fighting the weak and pathetic Bella, and that I was winning. I wasn't as clumsy as I used to be, but having to concentrate on not tripping, also helped to keep my mind off the wrong things.
At mile five, I was becoming myself again. I checked my watch and forced myself to run faster. I had to be home in 15 minutes and I still had two miles left. This day, of all days, I had to be there exactly on time. This day, of all days, I had to be at the top of my game. For today, was going to be one of the biggest days of my life. I checked my watch again. I had scheduled the big meeting to begin at 8:00 a.m. This meeting would be an important one. It would determine the future direction of the company, and my career.
Business had been my major in college, and I was definitely in business. We were beginning a hostile takeover of #9 on the Fortune 500. There was no way for them to get out of it, we had them over the hot coals. It was my job to turn up the heat until they were burned to a crisp.
After high school, (a time I try not to ever think about,) I began a new chapter in my life. It was called, "Be a Human." This is what he wanted for me, he wanted me to be human, then so be it.
In college, I threw myself into my studies. The human mind is like a sieve, right? I did everything I could to forget about him. I took classes year round. I worked at the library on campus so that I could sneak and study after the library was closed. I became the teaching assistant for my professors so that I could earn more credits. I tutored students so that I could earn more money and therefore, take more classes. I pushed myself to be on the Dean's list and positioned myself at the top of my class.
Men weren't exactly high on my list. In fact they weren't even on the list. I did nothing to encourage men. I purposely had "relaxed" my standards of appearance. Through college I was known as "frump girl." I didn't want anyone talking to me or getting too close to me, and I certainly didn't want a relationship. I just wanted to get through my studies, and I succeeded. I graduated with my Masters at the age of twenty-two.
My rise in the company was nothing short of meteoric. After graduation, I was hired by the #1 high power New York investment firm, Berkshire-Hathaway almost immediately. After I was hired, every boss I had was so impressed with my work ethic and my heartless ability to get the job done, that I kept getting promoted. I crushed anyone that stood in my way of success. I worked harder and longer than anyone else. I was happy for all the responsibility that the CEO had placed on my shoulders. Hard work meant no down time.
Now, I was at the pinnacle. After only three years in the company, at the age of twenty five, I had just been awarded the job that had belonged to my old boss, the Vice President. I felt a little bad about taking the man's job, but hey, it's all part of being "human" right?
I came back into the lobby a sweaty mess. My lungs were screaming for air, and my ears were ringing from the loud annoying music, but now my head was on straight. I was ready to crack some skulls in the meeting today. I waved at Oscar, the morning doorman, and rushed to the elevator. My driver would be here to pick me up at 7:30 a.m., and I was never late for anything.
Sometimes I marveled at how much I had changed in the last seven years. As my salary increased, I did two things. I bought a Penthouse Suite on Park Avenue, and learned how to dress to kill. My intention was not to get a man, it was never about that, it was to throw off balance any man that got in the way of my success.
I was known in the high stakes world of cutthroat marketing as the "Bitch in heels" and it was a title I wore proudly.
I stood in my massive closet deciding what to wear. I chose a blood red dress that was knit and fit tight against my thighs, and pair of five inch black pumps that made my legs look extremely long and slender. (I practiced walking in them for two weeks before I went out in public).
I decided to wear my long hair down. I styled it so it had a slight wave to it and it was so shiny that the light bounced off of it when I moved. I was never one to overdo the makeup, but just the right amount of blush, mascara and blood red lipstick put the finishing touch to my outfit.
The phone rang, my driver was here. I strapped my phone on my ear and began calling those on my team that would be at the meeting. I stole one last appraising look in the mirror and then raced out the door with my briefcase.
As the driver pulled in front of our high rise offices, I got one last call from Simmons, my assistant. Everyone was sitting in the room and ready. Perfect. I was ready for my grand entrance. I loved hunting, especially early in the morning. In a few hours the company would be ours. I smelled blood and I was going in for the kill. I was going for the jugular, and I would suck them dry.
I was four for four. I had taken down every company that I had gone after.
And I had never lost.
- - - - - - - - - -
An hour and a half into the meeting, the adversary finally broke down and realized that they were pushed into a corner from which there was no escape. Their lawyers had their head in their hands and beads of sweat were on their foreheads. I smelled victory. I had made the company roughly 33.5 billion dollars and it wasn't even 10:00 a.m. yet.
I turned to Simmons and with my eyes communicated that I was turning the meeting over to him. I stood up and said, "Gentlemen, it has been a pleasure working with you. I will leave you in the capable hands of my staff," and then I left the room. I never bothered with the details. I left that to the little people.
As I approached my office, my head secretary stood up immediately and began walking rapidly along beside me.
"Ms. Swan, I have your list of clients for today and your phone messages are sitting on your desk. I took the liberty of setting up your lunch meeting at the client's favorite restaurant."
She was out of breath from running. I glanced quizzically at her. For crying out loud, I thought. I was walking in five inch heels, why she couldn't she keep up with me?
She gulped a large amount of air and started in again. "Mr. Clooney has called twice and left a message for you to call him on his private number."
I rolled my eyes. I attended one movie premiere as a favor to a production company and that, Joe . . . or was it George, Clooney somebody would not stop calling me.
"Please Sally, get rid of that guy." I said exasperated.
Her eyes were wide. You want me to give George Clooney the brush-off?"
Ah, it was George then, I was right. "Yes, do whatever, tell him I have some horrible disease, or something." I waved my hand at her. We were almost at my office now.
"He was just voted the sexiest guy on the planet! For the third time!" she said in a high pitched voice.
Not as beautiful as the boy I once loved. . .Shut up Bella!
Sally looked strangely at my face. I was clenching my teeth and my face was all twisted. I took a large breath and said, "Is there anything else, Sally?" She handed me a large thick folder. "Here is the information you requested on that company, C- CORP."
I took the folder from her and walked into my office.
She raised her voice, "Remember that the CEO of Radial Systems will be here to meet with you in twenty minutes." She got the last few words out as the large wooden double doors closed on her face. I sat down in my plush leather chair and breathed a sigh of relief.
The first rule of business is to never let the enemy see you show fear. I had been afraid today. Afraid that the whole takeover would fall apart right in front of my face. I had worried that those lawyers for the adversary would have some last minute trick up their sleeves, but we had done it. My team and I had taken down one of the biggest companies of all time. I smiled. Smiling was an extravagance I didn't allow myself very often these days, but for this victory, I allowed myself one short smile.
I was five for five. I had a perfect winning record.
I leaned back in my chair and turned to stare out over the cityscape. Having a corner office with walls that were floor to ceiling windows allowed me to have a panoramic view of the Bay and most of Wall Street. It was a beautiful sight. From up this high I felt like I had a window on the world. A window where I could see out, without anyone looking back in on me.
Which is just how I liked it.
I could look down on the people below without them ever knowing I was here. Without them ever knowing what was really going on inside of me.
I especially loved the way the city looked at night when it was lit up like a sparkling diamond. I spent most nights here, until at least midnight or 1:00 a.m. Then I would go home for a few hours sleep, and start this all over again.
I took a deep breath and shook my head. That was all the down time my mind could risk. Instinct told me that I must keep busy at all times. I turned back to my desk and there I saw my next opponent. Across the top of the very thick folder that Sally had given me, were the words, "C-Corp". I opened the folder to read until my appointment arrived.
About a year ago, while researching financial records of successful companies, I came across C- CORP. First, I was intrigued at the profits that the company had made, and second, I was amazed at their secrecy. As I read over everything I could find on C- CORP, I began to get that feeling that came over me when I found a company that was perfect for a hostile takeover. Like I was the predator, and they were the prey.
I alerted the CEO, Mr. Sterling Hathaway, about C- CORP, and within the week we were quietly buying up shares of stock through small companies that would not alert anyone as to what we were doing. It took some effort, but six months later, we had bought shares totaling 42% of the company. It wouldn't be long now. There were however, some things about C- CORP I still didn't know, like who owned the company. I eagerly opened the file expecting to get my answers.
I had hired interns to spend months going over every part of the company's records with a fine tooth comb. The folder contained important information that listed, among other things, the weaknesses of the company. The details I required were specific, I wanted as much data as possible. I wanted to know what brand of dental floss the CEO used, anything I could turn to my advantage. But, from the very first paragraph, I saw that the interns had been as unsuccessful as I had been in finding the company's owner.
I read down farther thinking surely I would learn the name. In all my years, I had never seen anything like it. The billionaire behind this company requested to remain anonymous. The person had taken great pains in assuring secrecy. This was going to be a challenge. All I could glean, was that the company dealt primarily in foreign countries and for some odd reason, Alaska. The money had been made by setting up small promising businesses and nursing them into large money-making corporations.
The financial backer had been careful and patient. Some of these businesses had been purchased back in the early 1900's. The companies were built slowly, almost as if he or she thought they had all the time in the world. The businesses had somehow managed to flourish even through the Great Depression in the 1930's. The backer had cleverly protected the companies right before the stock market crash, almost as if he had some warning it was going to happen.
One thing I couldn't figure out is how this company had stayed together for so long. Surely the original backer had died long ago.
When computers came into their own in the early 1960's the profits of C- CORP went through the roof. Again, it was almost as if the company knew what an astronomical effect computers would play in the world to come.
How this company had stayed off the radar of so many other headhunters was beyond me, but I was going to get them. They had taken great pains to stay quiet and private, but I was going to acquire this company and break it up into a hundred different pieces all going to the highest bidder.
There had to be some clue as to who was holding the money behind this billion dollar company. I felt the rush of the hunt coming on. My instincts were taking over. Another diversion to keep my mind busy.
The "C" in C- CORP had to be a clue. "Okay "C", I said, while talking to the folder. "I am coming after you. Your number will be up the first time I meet you," I then sneered at the folder.
Sally opened my door and made a face as she saw me talking to my desk. She paused a moment and then said, "Ms. Swan, Mr. Jensen is here for his appointment."
"Send him in," I said as I hastily put the folder in my top drawer. I smelled fresh blood and I would show no restraint. I wasn't about to let this C- CORP get away from me. I could be a real monster when I wanted to be.
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- edwardsoul
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- 13 Oct 07
- Updated
- 27 Oct 07
- Status
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Not sure how I feel about this, but ...
I have been cleaning up my database management system and filing some of my documentation. I was focusing on my Find-A-Grave sources. Did I find a shocker today. It appears that about 35 of Find-A-Grave memorials have been removed from the website. The good news is, that I had printed these memorials on paper so that I could mark them up.
As I was researching a small branch, I had come across a number of Memorials, on Find-A-Grave, where the burial (Cemetery) location was listed as "unknown". All from the SAME contributor. I thought it strange but those memorials confirmed some of the information that I already had and filled out a couple of families.
A couple of weeks ago, I was doing to research on this "unknown" cemeteries when I saw a picture of one of the memorials. Picture without a Cemetery? Strange ..... so I contacted the photographer, who had the same issue I did. Unable to contact the "owner" of the memorial. So I was back looking into these unknown cemeteries AND was working on my Citations for these burial facts. I changed how I was formatting the Citations, to bring them into the Evidence Explained!! format.
This is when I found all of these missing "Memorial Not Found" error messages. Since there wasn't a Cemetery listed, I did some searching for the Memorial Number, which I had from the print out. Memorial Not Found.
Since I knew a couple of cemeteries where they might have been, know the County they were in, I did some searching on Find-A-Grave. Still didn't find.
Sure, I have paper copies, and I was trying to get rid of the paper, so I am not sure how I feel about not having the back up, from Find-A-Grave, link to the memorial. All this means to me is back to researching these missing memorials.
Copyright © 2012 by H R Worthington