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This dissertation explores the efficacy of large-footprint, waveform-digitizing lidar for the inventory and mapping of canopy fuels for utilization in fire behavior simulation models. Because of its ability to measure the vertical structure of forest canopies lidar is uniquely suited among remote sensing instruments to observe the canopy structure characteristics relevant to fuels characterization and may help address the lack of high-quality fuels data for many regions, especially in more remote areas. Lidar data were collected by the Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor (LVIS) over the Sierra National Forest in California. Various waveform metrics were calculated from the waveforms. Field data were collected at 135 plots co-located with a subset of the lidar footprints. The field data were used to calculate groundbased observations of canopy bulk density (CBD) and canopy base height (CBH). These observed values of CBD and CBH were used as dependent variables in a series of regression analyses using the derived lidar metrics as independent variables.
Comparisons of observed and predicted resulted in an r2 of 0.71 for CBD and an r2 of
0.59 for CBH. These
regression models were then used to generate grids of CBD and CBH from all of
the lidar waveform data in the study area.
These grids, along with lidar-derived grids of canopy height, were then
used as inputs to the FARSITE (Fire Area Simulator-Model) fire behavior model
in a series of simulations. Comparisons
between conventionally derived and lidar-based model inputs showed differences
between the two sets of data.
Specifically, the lidar-derived inputs contained much more spatial heterogeneity. Outputs from FARSITE using the lidar-derived
inputs were also compared to outputs using input maps of CBD and CBH generated
from field observations. There were significant
differences between the two sets of outputs, especially in the frequency and
spatial distribution of crown fire.
Experiments in manipulating the effective resolution of the lidar-based
inputs confirmed that FARSITE outputs are affected by the spatial variability
of the input data. Furthermore, a
sensitivity analysis demonstrated that FARSITE is sensitive to potential errors
in the canopy structure input grids. The
results of this dissertation show that lidar can be used effectively to predict
CBD and CBH for the purpose of fire behavior modeling and that investment in these
lidar-based canopy structure data is worthwhile, especially for forests
characterized by significant heterogeneity.
This work affirms that lidar is a useful tool for future canopy fuels
inventory and mapping.
Chapter 1: Introduction
Canopy Fuels: The Evolving Need for Data
Recent years have been marked by severe fire seasons in the western United
States, especially the summers of 2000, 2002 and 2003. According to the National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC) in 2004 77,534 fires burned 6,790,692 acres; these fires burned 315 primary residence dwellings, 18 commercial buildings and 762 outbuildings and the fire suppression costs for Federal agencies totaled over $880 million (www.nifc.gov). These fires have an enormous impact ecologically and economically (Butry et al. 2001; Graham et al. 2004). They damage or kill a large portion of vegetation, produce large amounts of smoke and exacerbate soil erosion (Graham et al. 2004). They also can cause significant economic devastation to an area, by destroying homes and businesses, negatively impacting recreational use of an area and burning marketable timber (Butry et al. 2001).
It is now widely accepted that altered fuel loads due to past management practices (i.e. fire suppression over the last 60-70 years) have increased fire risk and promoted the occurrence of large and intense wildland fires (Weatherspoon 1996; Skinner and Chang 1996; Chang 1996). For example, fire suppression combined with the selective felling of large trees has altered the state of Sierra Nevadan forests so that they currently are denser, smaller, more homogenous in structure and of a different species composition than they have been historically (i.e. pre-European) (McKelvey et al. 1996; Weatherspoon 1996). These changes have caused an
increase in live and dead fuel loads and can make the affected stands more vulnerable to damage from fires (McKelvey et al. 1996; Weatherspoon 1996). According to Keane et al. (2001) fuels are typically defined as the physical characteristics (e.g. loading, size and bulk density) of the live and dead biomass that affect the spread, intensity and severity of wildland fire.
Awareness of changing risks has spawned growing interest in mapping fire hazard potential (Sapsis et al. 1996, Scott and Reinhardt 2001). Of the different wildland fire types canopy fire behavior is of particular interest to forest managers because canopy fires are difficult to control, spread rapidly and their post-fire effects can be severe (Scott and Reinhardt 2001). Furthermore, there has been an increase in the incidence of canopy fires in areas not typically susceptible to them in the past (Scott and Reinhardt 2001). Though they are often addressed separately canopy fires are dependent on surface fires and typically occur when surface fuels are sufficient to ignite ladder fuels or the lower crowns of trees (Scott and Reinhardt 2001; Graham et al. 2004).
Accurate measurement of canopy fuel loads over large areas is essential for predicting fire hazard potential. An understanding of the spatial distribution of wildland fuels is critical to evaluating fire hazard and risk over the landscape and to how management options should be prioritized (Chuvieco and Congalton 1989). Forest managers' overall picture of where canopy fires are likely to occur and how they might behave becomes clearer when they are provided with detailed fuels information. This is because fire behavior is predicted based on three variables: fuels, weather and static topography. While weather and topography are beyond their control, forest managers can exert influence over fuel loads (e.g. through prescribed fire and mechanical thinning). Therefore, information about canopy fuel conditions can lead to better management decisions and mitigation practices. Unfortunately, in many cases the quality of spatial data regarding fuels distribution needed to make informed decisions is simply not available (Keane et al. 2001; Miller and Landres 2004). Miller and Landres (2004), for example, examine the results of a workshop designed to identify the information needs for wildland fire and fuels management. They found that most managers described the availability of data regarding the fuels complex as well as fuels maps as 'low'. Furthermore, the authors found that while most managers rely on computerized tools or models for planning purposes the data needed to make full use of these tools is still lacking at the landscape scale.
Because detailed quantitative fuels data are difficult to obtain generalized descriptions to the fuel load in a given area are applied (Keane et al. 2001); these descriptions are called 'fuel models' (Anderson 1982; Scott and Burgan 2005). A fuel model essentially serves as a template of fuel distributions and loadings for a forest stand, focusing on surface fuels. The fuel models are predefined (e.g. Anderson 1982) though custom models can be created for unique situations. The model that best describes a forest stand is then used to represent that area. However, applying the fuel models correctly requires a great amount of experience and skill.
Forest managers have various tools available to them to aid the development of policy and strategy regarding fire in the landscape, however such tools are typically dependent on accurate fuels data for them to yield good results. Fire behavior models represent one such tool. As policy has changed from one of total suppression of wildfires to letting fire resume a role in maintaining the health of forest ecosystems there has been a growing interest in improving knowledge of fire behavior – especially at landscape scales. Understanding how fire behaves under different conditions is vital to developing appropriate management plans (van Wagtendonk 1996). Fire behavior models have been developed to promote a better understanding of wildland fire and its effect on ecosystems. Progress in computer technology has fostered the development of spatially explicit fire growth models which has significantly advanced fire management planning and decision making (Keane et al. 2001).
Fire behavior models can be used to predict the behavior of ongoing wildfires and also to study the effects of potential mitigation strategies. In the latter case, models can be used to test different fuel treatments (e.g. prescribed burning, biomassing, cutting and scattering) (van Wagtendonk 1996, Stratton 2004). However, for the models to be used appropriately the existing fuels complex must be quantified. This requires information about the amount and location (both horizontal and vertical) of available fuel in the canopy. Canopy fuels are defined as the aerial live and dead biomass located within tree crowns (Keane et al. 2001). Two canopy structure characteristics have been identified that help quantify these fuel loads: canopy bulk density (CBD) and canopy base height (CBH) and have been adopted for fire behavior modeling (Sando and Wick 1972, Scott and Reinhardt 2001). CBD is the mass of available canopy fuel per unit canopy volume and CBH is the lowest height in the canopy where there is sufficient fuel to propagate fire vertically into the canopy (Scott and Reinhardt 2001). This dissertation examines the use of largefootprint, waveform-digitizing lidar data to predict and create maps of CBD and CBH as well as the use of lidar-derived products to run a fire behavior model. Lidar metrics are compared to field-based estimates of CBD and CBH and, based on the regression models resulting from these comparisons, maps of CBD and CBH are generated that are then tested as inputs into a fire behavior model.
The remainder of this introductory chapter is organized as follows. The next sections provide (1) a background to fire behavior models, focusing specifically on FARSITE (Fire Area Simulator-Model); (2) a review of field- and remote-sensingbased collection of wildland fuels data; (3) a synopsis of the previous use of remotesensing-derived fuels data as input into fire behavior models; (4) a summary of the current state of the utilization of lidar to predict fuels and (5) an overview of the research objectives addressed in the remaining chapters.
Background to Fire Behavior Modeling
Fire behavior has been studied for decades (van Wagner 1969; Albini 1976;
Rothermel 1972; Rothermel 1991; van Wagner 1977; van Wagner 1993; Xu and Lathrop 1994). Early research studied surface fires independent of canopy fires while later studies explored the links between the two (Finney 1998; Scott and Reinhardt 2001). Current research is leading to a better understanding as to how all the different factors affecting fire behavior are interlinked. Advances in computer technology and increased speed with which large data sets and complex computations can be processed stimulated the development of fire behavior models (Keane et al. 2000; Keane et al. 2001). However, these models are based on the fundamental principles governing fire behavior that were laid forth by earlier work (Finney 1998).Given uniform conditions (e.g. fuels, terrain, winds) fire is assumed to spread in a predictable pattern or shape (Finney 1998). The most common shape model assigned to fire spread is the ellipse (Finney 1998). Computer models have been developed that automate the application of fire shape models to realistic, non-uniform fire conditions (Finney 1998). This is done by assuming that conditions at points along the fire perimeter are uniform (though point-to-point conditions can vary) and govern fire spread (Finney 1998). One method of doing so is the vector approach to fire growth modeling – or Huygens' principle. In this approach the perimeter of the fire front is represented as a series of two-dimensional vertices (Finney 1998).


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One of the major problems faced by those living in Goa, is that during the monsoon, the roof of the house or any structure starts leaking as the water accumulates. So more money has to be spent on maintenance of a home, compared to those living in a flat . It is difficult to get a suitable person for repairs, and raw/cbi employees are extorting money from those who repair roofs
A local television channel, Prudent was showing school children in a classroom with their umbrellas open, as their teacher was teaching them some lessons because the roof of the school was leaking during monsoon
The school had a tiled roof and the local MLA said that a minor problem was converted into a media tamasha . However security agencies, cbi who falsely claim that cash withdrawn is for money laundering, black money, fail to realize that home owners are facing a real problem of repairing their homes every year and have to spend money, unlike government employees who live in government quarters,

subset: commoncrawl


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Other available options
A classic design with a unique twist, these drop earrings created in shining sterling silver features an elegant twisting design that will give a beautiful flow to any outfit. These earrings are the new jewellery box essential that you are sure to never want to take off.
- Earring style
- Drop
- Material
- Silver
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For more Delivery Information click here
Returns policy: you can return items to us by post or in store within 30 days for a full refund or exchange.*
*We cannot refund or exchange pierced jewellery, e.g. earrings, if they have been removed from the original sealed packaging due to hygiene reasons.
For our full returns policy click here.
Help Centre
For assistance with your purchase, visit our help centre for advice & tips so you can buy confidently with H.Samuel.


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A locum practice manager is needed in Hereford
To work from 6th June until 20th June
The main purpose of the Dental Practice Manager role is to provide management of the Dental Centre and its staff on behalf of the Senior Dental Officer (SDO)/Officer in Charge (OiC), ensuring compliance with all governance, legislative and other professional requirements whilst providing administrative support and assistance as required to enhance force generation and operational capability in order to minimise dental morbidity on operations.
Job responsibilities include but are not limited to:
•Ensure the supervision and efficiency of Dental Care Professionals (DCPs) under their line management authority.
•Manage and supervise referrals to Specialist Practitioners and Secondary Care facilities, liaising with patients to ensure appointments are attended and documentation is returned to the Dental Centre on completion of treatment.
•Manage the receipt, despatch and documentation of dental prosthetic appliances, ensuring timely appointments for patients as necessary.
•Act as secretary for practice meetings.
•Coordinate all first aid activity in the dental centre
•Oversee and manage all aspects of hygiene and cleanliness of the building and its surround areas, ensuring high standards of cleanliness are maintained at all times. Liaise with the supervisor/manager of contracting cleaning staff as required.
For more information contact Nahila and quote reference DEN-48486
Call us on 01332 609318
Email us at [email protected]
View more information at http://www.medicruit.co.uk/dental-position-information/48486


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Finishing touches can make a huge difference to your wedding and the look you are trying to create; be it fun multi-coloured lighting, romantic bay trees or impressive twinkling Love letters we are sure to have what you want.
Our 4ft multi-coloured LED Love Letters are sure to make an impact at any wedding and create both the romantic feel and party atmosphere you're sure to want.
South Wales
01495 366322


text:
The aim is to make square domino loops, like the one in the picture, from 4 dominoes matching the fractions, decimals and percentages. Start with any domino and find 2 other dominoes to match the ends of the first domino. For example, the [3/10 and 10%] domino matches with 30% at one end and 1/10 at the other end. Then 9/10 matches with 90% and 3/4 with 75% to complete the square. This uses 4 of the dominoes below. Can you use all 16 dominoes to make 4 domino loops?
Click here for the AIMSSEC Notes for Teachers.
This problem is adapted from the NRICH task Doughnut Percents with permission of the University of Cambridge. All rights reserved.
Tagged with: Decimals • Fractions • Percentages


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Dallas TX residents needing roof repair
Dallas Residents needing roof repair Roof damage is nothing to be taken lightly in Dallas, TX. Anytime your home's protector is suffering, you need to do what is necessary to get it back to full health. Whether its damage caused by heavy winds, hail, or general wear...read more
Four Worthy Roof Types for a Fort Worth, TX Home
Roof types for a Fort Worth, TX home When it comes to home ownership, it's ideal to have a roof that you don't have to constantly worry about. A worry-free roof in Fort Worth, TX generally points to heat tolerance, hail withstanding and overall durability. Which roof...read more
Will a Spanish tile roof overcome Texas heat?
Spanish tile roof vs. Texas heat When you think Texas, you think heat. There is no dodging the correlation because Texas is as well known for its heat as any other state across the United States. Thus, for Frisco, TX homeowners, finding a way to live comfortably in...read more
how long does a roof last?
Before you buy a new house, it is important to know what type of roof is sheltering the house and how long it has been in place. Likewise, when you are looking to replace the roof of your current home, you need to know your replacement options in terms of durability....read more
How much does it cost to replace a roof on a 1500 square foot house?
If you're reading this post, you're probably ready, or at least borderline ready to replace your roof. If you have never done anything like this you are probably wondering how much would a new roof cost? Your home's roof is clearly important; therefore, it is equally...read more
Professional Roofing VS Do-It-Yourself Roofing
Weighing Professional Roofing and DIY Roofing We live in a prideful world where everyone wants to do everything on his or her own. While that is often a heroic, noble approach, there are certain circumstances where that approach isn't the best. For example, repairing...read more
Why spring is the best time of the year to fix your roof?
Spring is in the air. The good weather is on its way, which means you can finally take care of all those chores you were putting off throughout the winter months. If you have been needing to fix your roof then now is the best time to cross it off the list. Roof damage...read more
Does your roof need an inspection?
Call (469) 214-5630 today to schedule your free estimate
Once we see what's going on, we can make recommendations and get the work scheduled.


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How Not to Exhibit Yourself – Tradeshow training video aim:
How Not to Exhibit Yourself trains tradeshow exhibitors how to present themselves and their company in a professional and organized manner.
How Not to Exhibit Yourself video summary:
Your tradeshow booth may be ready down to the last detail, but if your people aren't, it will not produce the desired results. This tradeshow training video will ensure your booth's staff are fully prepared for exhibiting and are equipped to welcome and encourage guests to your booth successfully.
How Not to Exhibit demonstrates how to intelligently and accurately collect tradeshow booth guest data as well as how to arrange follow-up visits. How Not to Exhibit will teach you techniques for opening, controlling, and closing sales at your tradeshow booth. This John Cleese training video will also teach you key turn-offs that reduce customer traffic to your booth, including the guaranteed conversation killer "Can I Help You?"
How Not to Exhibit – John Cleese Tradeshow Training Video - key outcomes:
• How to get the most from tradeshows
• Learn skills that keep visitors interested
• Correctly collect visitor data
• How to set up visits
• Convert visitors to sales


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Pre-wedding Session: Mike and Renae!
I can't even begin to describe how happy I am to share these photos with you--and to share the excitement that one of my oldest, dearest friends is gonna be a groom! When I was a freshman in college, I attended a dance showcase and was wowed by an amazing tap dancer I saw in one of the numbers. After the performance I approached him and expressed how impressed I was, how I'd always wanted to learn to swing dance, but how a fear of dancing with strangers (and tall people, because of the awkwardness) had kept me from trying it out. Mike, being the generous-hearted person he is, proceeded to offer to teach me, one-on-one and free of charge, to dance. For the next couple years we met weekly on campus for swing lessons, and became good friends through the process! I'm so so glad that now, many years later, I got to not only photograph him with his love Renae (a super wonderful woman in her own right) in a little pre-wedding shoot, BUT I get to shoot them on their big day!


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Interview 2
Patrick Poivre d'Arvor received in his show on the Channel , the 18th of june 2007 : Yann Quéffelec, Marc Levy, Jean-Marc Parisis, Alix de Saint-André, Maxime Chattam, Catherine Rambert et Juliette Benzoni -
Title of the broadcast :"Best-sellers Phenomena"
Link given by Stéphanie on her Forum about Juliette Benzoni - And a special thanks to Mistral )
Here comes the interview …
PPDA : Juliette Benzoni, you are not what we call a « people »
JB : I feel most like being a ghost from the XVIIIth century!
PPDA : So, as you talk about the XVIIIth century … but before talking about your books, how many did you write?
JB : 70, I guess
PPDA : Have you been often invited on TV ?
JB : … not so much !
PPDA : Have you got many articles on newspaper ?
JB : Yes, …oh ! Let me tell one thing : Jean-Pierre Elkabach gave me once an entire show, he called "The one who was never invited on the show of Pivot" : That's me!
PPDA : And why? Is it because of your success …
JB : First of all Pivot didn't like so much novels and I was the friend of his wife. One day, she asked him "why do you never talk about Juliette? He answered : "She doesn't need me to sell her books ! "
PPDA : It is true this is what can happen when an author start selling good – yours books were running over hundred of thousands copies – so the press let you run by yourself !
JB : It was always so … but I have had the extraordinary chance to never look for an editor, they always asked me to write something…m
PPDA : This time, the editor is Perrin. Is it an order from Perrin?
JB : No, not at all. I even say : I work on the blow of heart – aHere, we were talking about love and all its forms. In my book, it is about a legendary love, known by everyone : the love of Maurice de Saxe for Adrienne Lecouvreur. He is a character really outstanding, this one! It is at the same time a successful immigration, to speak current language and he is …we would like to be able to hate him… he is a warrior – first of all he is a warrior, genius of war, he saved France, he made many things… anything you want… but he is a warrior like there were not so many in that epoch…
PPDA : It was under the reign of Louis XV !
JB : Exactly. The Marechal of Saxe - who was not marechal yet - was always concerned about his soldiers, he was the only one, I believe! He wrote a book walled "Rêveries" in which he wrote about war tactics for the good of the soldiers. He used to say that it is better to lost a battle rather than to lose men for nothing. He was also a man who always searched love. Let me tell you his history : He is the natural son of the Elector of Saxony and Aurore of Koeningsmark. The history of Koeninsmark family always enthralled me.
PPDA : That is why he is called the son of Aurore…Aurore is …
JB : … my first book is called "Aurore" and it is the history of his mother, her brother disappeared some day in Hanover without knowing what he had become, she searched him – she finally got to know the truth – and then she became the mistress of Frederick-Augustus and she had this child… But he has never really lived with his mother . He was hidden because his mother and he were purchased by the revenge of the minister of the epoch, the minister of Frederick Augustus. He lived in different cities with tutors and servants. And all his life he missed his mother- she loved him but she could not prove him – she has become a canoness – and he has finally found in France what he was looking for, he was quick-tempered… He wanted to be a King, he was the son of a King, he really wanted to reign … but he has reigned on lots of things, it is extraordinary.. . Women, he had as many as he wanted , only one resisted him – he did not behave there in a gentle way but, finally, he had her !
PPDA( to Catherine Rambert ) : It does not change a lot from a century to another one!
JB : And there are 3 centuries in that case! So he was the son of Frédérick-Augustus. But Frédérick-Augustus has the reputation to have had 365 bastards. He admitted 7 and it is already a good thing! And to make him admit his fatherhood, his mother has really to go through lots of trouble and this is the whole story of this woman and her son finally moved to France…
PPDA : Then, you will not say more about it …
JB : Why not ?
PPDA : …… because first of all our time is counted and then because, I believe, you gave us the desire to read …
Yann Quéffelec : .. give me just a moment .. only to mention that Juliette Benzoni is an extraordinary author with whom the press was really very unfair!
JB : It is true but I does not care at all .. truly !
PPDA : That is why I wanted to invite her !
Yann Quéffelec : She has the ability to tell stories, like the english authors, hold standing and palpitating stories and it has been never said enough…
JB : Listen, I was first called the French Barbara Cartland and It was difficult to clear out this comparaison, but it has calmed down a little bit after all ! The Press and I, it is a love story which has never happened, that's all!
PPDA : No, come on, you are here! Juliette Benzoni and her book « The son of Aurore » Perrin's edition.
JB : But I am not a good speaker, I prefer that people read me rather than they listen to me !
PPDA : So, Read her books !
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Karwendelkoepfe: Hotels
Ferienwohnung Viererspitzblick
2.2km of Karwendelkoepfe
Offering free WiFi and balconies with mountain views, this traditional-style apartment is situated in the picturesque Bavarian Alps. It is set just a 5-minute walk from the centre of Mittenwald.
From 59.00EUR / Night
2.3km of Karwendelkoepfe
Offering stunning mountain views, these apartments are ideally located just a 20-minute walk from the historic town centre of Mittenwald in the region of Garmisch-Partenkirchen.
From 34.00EUR / Night
Romantische 5-Sterne Ferienwohnungen
2.4km of Karwendelkoepfe
These 5-star holiday apartments are located in Mittenwald, a 10-minute walk from the historic town centre. There is a sauna in the garden. Free Wi-Fi and parking are provided.
From 90.00EUR / Night
Ferienapartmenthaus Hubertushof
2.5km of Karwendelkoepfe
Quietly situated in Mittenwald at the foot of the Bavaria Alps, these apartments each offer traditional-style interior, a living area with a flat-screen satellite TV and a balcony or terrace with mountain views.
From 60.00EUR / Night
2.5km of Karwendelkoepfe
Located in the town of Mittenwald, Ferienwohnung Wörnerblick offers a comfortable apartment with a conservatory and a garden. Free WiFi internet access is available throughout.
From 59.00EUR / Night
2.6km of Karwendelkoepfe
Located at the foot of the Karwendel Mountains in the Bavarian Alps, this traditional guest house is just a 10-minute walk from the historic centre of Mittenwald. All rooms have a balcony/terrace.
From 64.00EUR / Night
2.6km of Karwendelkoepfe
Offering a quiet location in the heart of Mittenwald, the 3-star Gästehaus Sonnenheim is just 400 metres from Mittenwald Train Station. It features beautiful mountain views and rooms with free Wi-Fi.
From 58.24EUR / Night
2.7km of Karwendelkoepfe
Situated in Mittenwald at the foot of the Karwendel Mountains, this spacious apartment includes free Wi-Fi, a balcony and free on-site parking. Apartments Mittenwald offer free rental bikes.
From 79.00EUR / Night
Hotel Garni Gästehaus Edlhuber
2.7km of Karwendelkoepfe
Offering great views of the Karwendel Mountains, a furnished garden with playground, and rich breakfast buffets, this traditional-style hotel lies in the health resort of Mittenwald in the Bavarian Alps. It is set in a peaceful, traffic-free...
From 100.00EUR / Night
2.7km of Karwendelkoepfe
Offering traditional Bavarian apartments with a balcony, free Wi-Fi, this family-run guest house in Mittenwald is 600 metres from the Historic Market Square.
From 60.80EUR / Night


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A great protein packed, sweet treat for kiddos with peanut allergies! These 3-ingredient cookies are made with sunflower seed butter! These treats are "sensitive" and could crumble easily, but not if you follow our directions closely!!! Here's what you need to know. It's 1-1-1. 1 cup sugar, 1 cup sunflower seed butter, 1 egg. Mix up into a dough and let … [Read more...]
Welcome to the "official" Food Allergies on a Budget page on $5 Dinners!
Here you will find all the latest coupons, deals and information about dealing with food allergies on a budget. You can read Part 1, Part 2, Part 3 (coming soon) and Part 4 (coming soon )of the Food Allergies on a Budget series.
Recipes – You can also find gluten free recipes, dairy free recipes, and gluten/dairy/soy free recipes on the site. And, many of the recipes on the site are tree-nut and peanut free as well.
Free Email Updates - If you'd like to get the latest coupons and deals for all those allergy-free foods, you can sign up for an "express delivery" so you never miss out on the potential savings on these usually expensive foods and ingredients! Get the "Allergy Free Foods Coupons and Deals" updates today!
Give the Gift That Truly Keeps on Giving…MyFreezEasy Membership (and Discount!)
Is there really such a thing as a "gift that keeps on giving"!?! That's a good question - and in some cases the answer is YES. There are gifts that keep on giving. Giving in the form of warm hugs (like a cute little lap dog!). Giving in the form of a beautiful smile (like braces or a retainer or teeth whitener gel). Giving in for the form of saving money or perhaps … [Read more...]
What are your "bad habits" in the grocery store?
Can I ask you something personal? Can I ask you about your bad habits...specifically about your bad grocery shopping or grocery spending habits? I know you probably don't want to think about your bad habits...or even want to change them. But when you do make changes to your grocery planning routine before you get to the store...and your shopping habits when you are in the … [Read more...]
{Free Ingredient Price Comparison Sheet} Are You Paying Too Much for Yogurt (or other popular ingredients)?
*These prices are valid from my store in April 2015. Coupon savings and sale savings not considered.* I'm all about spending as little money at the grocery store...but sometimes I miss things and in my rush to get in and out of the store, I don't do an perfect job of comparing prices. Let me share what happened to me a few weeks back... My husband likes to take key … [Read more...]
Holy-wow…we are busy this spring. Here's how I'm "punching busy in the face" ;)
I looked at my calendar for April and May on Friday...just preparing myself for the month and holy-wow...we are busy. May is always the busiest time of year for our family with activities, end of school year and the pool opening up for use here. I'm exhausted just looking at it all, wondering how it's all gonna get done and how I'm not going to lose my mind. It all just … [Read more...]
Organics Meal Plan! 10 Organic Meals for $100, Using Organic Ingredients from Costco
Are you a home chef trying to feed your family organic meals...without burning a hole in your wallet? What if I gave you a tool to make 10 Freezer-Friendly Organic Dinners (4 servings each!) for $102...that you can have in the freezer in less than 1 hour, hands on time? Let me introduce you to my new organic ingredient meal plan… Hey hi my fellow home chef who … [Read more...]
See How the Grocery Budget Makeover Will Change Your Life…
My friend. Today I want to tell you about my new grocery budget makeover and how it will help you completely change the way you shop for groceries...so you'll be spending less time and money on groceries each week. Wahoooo and cha-CHING! I've put together everything I know about saving money on groceries and plugged it into a 'makeover program' that we'll walk through … [Read more...]
Erin's 2015 Mother's Day Gift Guide
Mother's Day is just around the corner and I've got a few great ideas for the moms in your life. If you're a fellow mom, email this link to your spouse and give him a big - wink, wink, hint, hint - and just tell him what you see on the list that you want! 1. Grocery Budget Makeover Registration! It'll be available on Monday, May 11th...so it'll be a slightly delayed … [Read more...]
Paid Chores vs. Non-Paid Chores {Plus Our New Chore System for the Boys!}
Teaching Tyler how to be the "Dish Fish" We recently implemented a new chore system for the boys...and there is no money attached to these chores. I know that's a hotly debated topic, and while I'd love to hear your thoughts...I'd also love to have a productive conversation about chores! First off, our boys do have certain chores that they earn a small payment for … [Read more...]
Merry Christmas from Erin and Her Dudes!
Merry Christmas from Erin and her dudes! (Not pictured, Cody Cinco Chase. Yes, the 'cinco' is because he is our fifth boy dog.) Last night we went to the candlelight service at our church and then to my mom's house for a traditional Texas Tamale dinner. We had a marvelous evening and headed home to get ready for Christmas morning. We hope and pray that your Christmas and … [Read more...]


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Speaking at Wednesday evening's Xero Happy Hour workshop for entrepreneurs in London as part of the Business of Happiness project, Robert challenged us to think about what our own image of success really looks like.
Happiness is a great way of measuring success, Robert says. "When we're happy, it brings out the best in us. We think more clearly, we perform better, and we're much more fun to be around… when we're happy, people want to work with us."
"When you truly know what makes you happy and when you really follow your joy, that's what increases your chances of success."
"What is the point of success if we're not enjoying it?"
"In the past, I really think work was just about making money, buying stuff and increasing your net assets. Now work is about expressing yourself and being creative. It's about making a contribution, showing the world who you are.
"So for a lot of us, we don't have a job, we have a purpose and our work is meaningful. A meaningful job, a meaningful life, that's a huge key to happiness."
After surveying more than 1,000 UK entrepreneurs and working alongside a panel of experts in business and psychology, we identified five tips to help you build a happier business.
Five tips for a happier business
Have a vision: Knowing what you're working for helps you take pride in your work and focus on your goals.
Good relationships: Honest and clear communication with your employees, clients and customers helps to keep them happy.
Freedom and flexibility: A good work life balance and being able to enjoy free time or family occasions with flexible hours allows you to manage your workload and do your best job.
Growth and investment: Learning new skills and helping others to do the same encourages engagement and excitement.
Creativity: It's not just about coming up with new ideas, but also allowing yourself and your team to be creative and using the right tools to do so.


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MD - Lot of 9 Maryland Colonial Currency Notes from Three Acts.. ... (Total: 9 notes)Click the image to load the highest resolution version.
DescriptionMD - Lot of 9 Maryland Colonial Currency Notes from Three Acts.
A group with some duplication of types from 1767, 1770, and 1774. MD-48 (2), 50, 52, 58, 61 (2), and 62 (2). Mostly Good to VG, but with splits. One is split in half and some are rejoined with glue.
Ex: Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. (Total: 9 notes)
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17.5% of the successful bid (minimum $19) per lot.
A powerful and intimidating dealer of the 1960s, backed by important colleagues, was accused of selling fraudulent gold coins and ingots to unsuspecting numismatists. Who would go up against a man like that and, over the course of decades, prove the fraud? Who would expose a widely respected scholar as a thief, then doggedly pursue recovery of coins that the scholar had stolen from an embarrassed numismatic organization, all over the objections of influential collectors who had bought coins with clouded titles? Eric P. Newman would - and did. Reserve your copy today.
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In Times Of Trial, This Is How You Embrace Your Worth
Trials are part of many stages of life.
Sometimes it is easy to face them, sometimes, trials would drag us on the ground until we feel we could not take any more. During this period, we may feel that life has been so hard and we could not do anything right. Worse, we feel worthless.
When this happens, we have to get our act together no matter how trying it is. To embrace your worth during these trying moments, you may want to do the following:
Take care of yourself.
The trying times are the moment we forget ourselves the most. Collect your thoughts and look after yourself. See what your needs are and attend to them. Do your best to sleep as much as you can, exercise as regularly as possible and do not blame yourself. Things happen, and most of them are beyond your control. Focus on what you have control over, which is your emotion and how you react to things happening around you.
Remember who you are.
Remind yourself who you are and what you have gone through. As you look back, you would realize how much you have accomplished and how far you have come. Although this moment is difficult and trying your resolve, there is so much more you can do and do them you shall.
You have no reason to prove your worth to anyone.
You are already worthy, and you don't need anyone to agree with you or affirm this fact. Do what you are meant to do, cling to hope and be resilient no matter how difficult the struggles may seem. When you fail, try again, when you fall, get back up with more dedication. It does not matter if people see your worth or not, as long as you do, it is more than enough.
Embrace your worth, and you will always be ahead in life, regardless of any trial you may face.
Comments welcome.


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NEW FICTION: I haven't published fiction in a while, so I'm happy to point to a new short story in a beautiful online journal, Open: Journal of Arts and Letters. The editors do a great job of curating the artwork displayed with every text on the site.
NEW POEM: I feel honored to have a poem in the latest, — 17th anniversary issue of Pedestal Magazine. In good company, too, with many poets I admire: Kelli Russell Agodon, Joan Colby, John Bradley,Andrea Hollander, Jared Smith and more. Check it out!
A NEW GOODREADS REVIEW: With care and insight, Scots poet and fiction writer Jim Murdoch reviews The World As Is.
PEDESTAL MAGAZINE REVIEW: Good "ink" on The World As Is has just appeared at Pedestal Magazine in the form of this review by Richard Allen Taylor. "A worthy sampler of a distinguished poetic career," he concludes, which I have to admit is what I was aiming for.
PBS NEWSHOUR POETRY: A nicely written interview by Mary Jo Brooks, along with one of my more topical poems and a recording of me reading it, is now up at the PBS NewsHour Poetry website. You'll love the title of the piece! Trust me.
Late Breaking News!
July 22, 2019
Concentration Camps for Brown Kids
July 10, 2019
Ursula Le Guin on Freedom (Good for Independence Day!)
July 6, 2019
Now That I'm a "Must-Read" Author…
June 7, 2019
Whitman in Conversation
May 25, 2019
Immensity's Resonance
May 3, 2019
The Lavishly Talented C. M. Mayo Interviews Li'l Ol' Me
April 23, 2019
Poets (& More)
Patricia Dubrava
Juliana Aragón Fatula
C. M. Mayo
Jared Smith
Vassilis Zambaras
Patrons of Literature
Conundrum Press
Folded Word
Tattered Cover Book Store
Yoga Fiesta in Mexico
Harmony Hill Yoga
Sabina Espinet Artworks
Sabina Espinet Sketchpad


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Dr. Andrea Stein conducts an eye exam before giving you a prescription for glasses or contact lenses. This involves a survey of your medical history including any vision problems you might be experiencing in addition to testing your vision. An eye exam measures your visual acuity to improve it to its optimum performance.
Dr. Stein initially asks about your medical history. Then, before the actual examination, she measures your eye pressure through a quick and painless process. She'll also check your eye's physical condition using lights to inspect your eye's interior. Dr. Stein may administer further tests if a thorough assessment is needed.
She will then conduct a visual acuity test, asking you to identify letters of decreasing sizes on a chart. Each eye is tested separately, as they commonly require different prescriptions. If necessary, there are a multitude of other tests that can be administered to check your eye's health and functioning, such as:
Once the examination is complete, Dr. Stein will discuss your results and offer you a prescription if necessary. In addition to an assessment of your vision, you might expect to hear about your risk of eye disease along with possible preventive measures to protect your vision.
By contrast, normal results that require no measures for improvements may include:
Your results can vary. If you need visual acuity correction, you have the option to choose between two types of corrective lenses:
Regarding other abnormal results that may pose a risk to the health of your eyes, Dr. Stein will discuss the next steps and further testing that may be required. Schedule an appointment with Dr. Stein to confirm any necessary measures to enhance and protect your eyesight.
We accept the following insurances. If you do not see your insurance provider on this list, please contact our office and we can verify your benefits.
"Dr. Stein is amazing! She provides a very comfortable and friendly environment and discovered I had a retinal detachment before I experienced any symptoms."
"Freindly staff, great selection of frames and very helpful with all of my questions regarding my astigmatism and contacts."
"I will definitely be coming back and recommending them to anyone I know. They are kind, intelligent, helpful, and really great about explaining everything."
"I went to Eye See Ravenswood for the first time yesterday and enjoyed the best experience I've ever had at an optometrist."
"I am so thankful for the service I received and would recommend this office to anyone looking for a more personal touch from their optometrist."
"I enjoyed being treated as an informed client with a stake in my own eye care rather than being hurried through as though my appointment were some inconvenience."


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Israeli President Shimon Peres will meet with President Barack Obama at the White House on June 25th, the White House said today.
Peres' visit will come after US-brokered peace talks between Israel and the Palestinians ground to a halt and against the backdrop of talks between the United States and five other world powers with Iran about that country's nuclear program.
Peres met with US national security advisor Susan Rice in Jerusalem today before broader US-Israeli security consultations, the White House said.
"On Israeli-Palestinian negotiations, Ambassador Rice reaffirmed that the only path to a lasting peace is for a secure Jewish state to exist side-by-side with a viable, independent Palestinian state," the White House said.
"There's no alternative to the two-state solution," Peres agreed. "Israel is reaching out for peace with all of its neighbors, primarily with the Palestinians."
The president also stressed that despite the crisis that brought peace talks to a halt, "the door is not yet closed. We must find the way to renew the negotiations between us and the Palestinians."
But, Peres said, Israel would not be willing to talk to Hamas unless it adhere to the principles of non-violence and recognition of the State of Israel.
"The world must pressure Hamas to accept the three conditions of the Quartet," he said. "We must make it clear to Hamas that no one will pay and fund their rockets."
The two also discussed the Iranian nuclear threat, as Tehran and the six world powers – United States, Britain, Russia, China, Germany and France – continue talks in an attempt to reach a final status agreement before the July 20 deadline.
Read more at Ynet.


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If you are going to use a chemical-based mostly pesticide, it should only be used on the cracks and crevices. Do not spray the chemical compounds all around the entire room. While that will kill many of the pests that you're trying to get rid of, it additionally makes it arduous for folks to breathe. Eliminate silverfish in your home through the use of aromatic spices. Spices akin to clove, bay leaves or sage are often able to beat back silverfish. Sew these spices into small sachets. Display them in areas the place your home is most definitely susceptible to silverfish. Such areas include your toilet, damp areas of your kitchen or behind the washer and dryer.
Inspect any seeds or houseplants before you buy them and produce them house. You want to check for current signs of insects. You additionally want to look for disease points which may entice insects. By no means put something in your home that will appeal to bugs or pests within the wild open air. Be very cautious if employing poisonous pest control traps, particularly the variety designed to kill ants. These traps include poisoned meals that ants deliver to the queen who will eat it and hopefully die. However, the primary ingredient of this poison is peanut butter which pets would possibly take pleasure in, so preserve them away from the traps.
If you wish to take on your pest problem yourself, make sure you carry along a pattern of your pests to the shop at any time when purchasing pesticides. This can show you how to discover out what sort of product you need to use. All pesticides are different. Certain ones will only work on certain sorts of pests. This helps you get the best poison for the pest you've. Search for patterns in your pest infestations. Are there sure instances (or after certain walks) that your canine deliver residence fleas or ticks? Are there specific occasions of the yr where ants are usually an issue? Mark down these occasions and locations and prepare accordingly. Typically just altering a habits or preplanning could make all the distinction.
You is likely to be at your wits' finish when you are dealing with pests.
Use hairspray to do away with flying insects. Hairspray is inherently safe for you, your loved ones and your valuable pets, however it works wonders on bugs. The pests will become sticky with the hairspray and won't be capable of get to water or meals. When you have a bee flying around, this methodology will help stop it from getting too close to you. If you're seeing a large number of bugs indoors, slowly circle the perimeter of your house. Attempt to discover any small openings the place bugs could get in. Look intently close to your chimney and the siding. For those who find a gap, purchase silicone caulk and get the realm fixed to the perfect of your ability.
You'll be able to begin to fight an ant drawback by finding the place that they're entering from. It's essential to pinpoint their entry point. As soon as discovered, you then take measures to verify it's never again a point of entry. Some treatments embody espresso grounds, lemon juice, citrus oil, cinnamon and cayenne pepper. If trees fall, eliminate them. Cut them up and use the items for firewood. This can be utilized in your home, however when you don't want to use it, then sell or give it away. Simply remember to do away with the stump as properly. A stump is simply useless wooden, which attracts termites.
Make a routine behavior of checking the surfaces and areas surrounding your doors and windows. If they don't seem to be tight sufficient, then moisture and rain may seep in by, getting into the frames. This sort of moist wooden is adored by termites and attracts them in for a meal. Hornets, wasps, and different harmful bees (not honey bees) are a seemingly scary drawback that can be exterminated easily. Wasp and hornet killer is cheap and doesn't require you to be close to the nest to make use of it. Alternatively, hair spray may also be used by way of products designed to kill wasps/hornets are preferable.
Use borax and sugar to keep ants out of your private home. Get a quart jar and mix within it a cup of each sugar and borax. Make your personal inexpensive ant traps utilizing boric acid and candy liquid.


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Floor Sanding Town SW6 - Restore Your Wooden Flooring
Take a broken down old wooden floor and turn it into a desirable feature that adds value to your property. The wood floor sanding in Town technicians deliver comprehensive floorboards restoration services. We offer repairs,and gap filling, floor sanding and go right to the point of sealing and varnishing.
Use us for your softwood or hardwood floorboards, or for any parquet flooring. The modern sanding equipment reduces the dust associated with this traditionally messy job, and the speed and efficiency of work we achieve means that your office, home, rental property, or any commercial premises, will be transformed in just a few days.
How We Go the Extra Mile for Your Town Floor Sanding
- Our customer services team are on hand whenever you need them - we offer 24/7 phone or online contact options
- All floor sanding technicians are certified by Bona, a leading wood floor restoration firm, and your work is completed under guarantee and full insurance
- As our customer you'll be offered a quote before you commit to any work, at absolutely no obligation
- We use professional equipment that reduces dust production by 99%, and enables us to work quickly and efficiently
- Your quote will be based on the exact services you want - tell us what you need during your no-obligation home consultation
- Your wood floor renovation will increase the value of your property, and until you sell you'll enjoy an easy-clean hypo-allergenic room
A Comprehensive Range of Floor Sanding Services in Town SW6
The process of wood floor restoration involves a number of stages. Depending on the initial condition of your flooring we may suggest:
Repair and Restoration: This includes hammering down nails or loose floorboards - we'll also check and repair weakened joists. When it's necessary to replace damaged wood we do this with reclaimed timber of a similar condition, colour and age to your floor.
Gap Filling: This optional step gives a smoother final result, and a floor that's easier to keep clean. Large gaps are filled with strips of reclaimed wood while smaller ones are treated with a mixture of resin and sawdust.
Floor Sanding: We'll sand your floor in three stages, starting with a coarse grain to remove old varnish or grime, progressing to a fine grade paper that smooths the floor leaving it ready to accept sealant or stain.
Floor Staining: Adding colour to your wood will bring a whole new dimension to a room. We'll prepare test patches for you to make your choice
Floor Sealing: To leave your floor with a water resistant hard-wearing finish we use modern lacquer or traditional waxes or oils. The best option for you will depend on the amount of footfalls your floor will receive.
Extending the Lifespan of Your Wooden Flooring
Wooden floors are easy to care for. A few simple steps will ensure you get the best from them:
Prevent Colour Fading: Install blinds or curtains in wood-floored rooms, and draw them on sunny days to prevent direct sunlight from fading the wood colour.
Cleaning: Oil-based soaps can leave deposits on wood which will dull the beauty of the finish. Use a specialist pH-neutral wood cleaner to maintain the polish of your floors.
Water and Other Spills: Mop up spills immediately - your floor finish is water resistant but fluids can still cause staining or warping if allowed to seep into cracks or scratches.
Set Up Your Home Consultation For Town Floor sanding
Call us on our 24/7 customer support line 020 3404 4979 to arrange a convenient time for the floor sanding technicians in Town to visit your property. Use your no-obligation visit to find out about your options and decide what work you'd like done.
We'll then give you a quote for all the work involved. Get in touch through this site when that works better for you, leave your details on our contact form and we'll get back to you, or use our live chat service for an instant online reply to any enquiry.


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Toy portrait
A painting of a favorite toy makes a unique, enduring gift for the child in your life (or yourself!).
You do not like advertising, we either! :)
But this Blog is done by a small group of girls full of enthusiasm and we have to show some Ads to pay Web domains, Web servers, Webmaster, contests, etc.
So we ask you please consider remove your AdBlock so that we can continue our illusion of writing for you.
Thanks! We are sure that your good Karma will give you back pretty nice things :)
A painting of a favorite toy makes a unique, enduring gift for the child in your life (or yourself!).
Essential gift ideas for your kids for this holiday season.
Take your baby in the latest fashion with these funny shirts.
Let fly the imagination of the kids with these colorful mobiles.
Crepe paper balls filled with little presents.
An easy project to give to your loved ones.
Decorate your Christmas tree with this sweet idea.
Enjoy your cupcakes in holidays with this christmas kit.
Tamers, astronauts, chefs, dancers, pirates, superheroes ... customize them to look just like your little one!
Is there anything more fun than marshmallows? Of course! Marshmallows with faces and coloured hair
Learn how to make a baby the right way.


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Volunteers are the fuel that power associations. The Energy Bar Association (EBA) offers a variety of ways for our members to get involved, from short-term volunteer projects to committee, council, and board service. With every new volunteer, EBA grows more energized, more diverse and inclusive, and better equipped to reach our common goals.
We encourage you to deepen your engagement with EBA and your association peers. Volunteer today!
If you want to experience what it's like to volunteer for EBA, Charitable Foundation of the Energy Bar Association (CFEBA) and/or the Foundation of the Energy Law Journal (FELJ) before making a longer-term commitment to a leadership group, you can start by volunteering for individual projects. Throughout the year, EBA, CFEBA and FELJ posts current volunteer opportunities on the Job Board. (Please Note: you must login at the Job Board to view the opportunities). This is a great way to find volunteer opportunities that fit your interests and the time you have available.
When you want to take your participation to the next level, consider volunteering with one of EBA's committees or councils. Participation is for a one-year term and is open to all current members.
For information about the committees and councils and how to sign up, visit: Committee and Council Descriptions
Committee or Council Sign-Up Form PDF
On May 20th, "Committee Appointment Day"- you will be notified of the Committees you were appointed to.


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3 Ways to Prepare for a Big Construction Project
Building a house on a big lot can get complicated, so you need to prepare for everything that may happen. This way, you and your contactors execute each aspect of the construction project properly to make the outcome exactly how you want it. There is even more pressure because of the size, but you can handle it as long as you go through each task with preparation and caution. Here are some tips to help you.
Find the Right Contractor
A contractor or builder is the first expert you need to find. They will be responsible in working with all other subcontractors needed to complete the construction project. Make sure you hire someone who knows how to handle bigger lots and projects.
Ask for referrals from friends and relatives, interview a handful of contractors to evaluate them, and request for sample pictures of their previous works. This way, you can assess which one is the best to hire and which one you are most comfortable working with.
Make the Construction Area Safe
The bigger the area is, the more traffic goes on and the more accidents may happen. That is why you need to make sure the construction area is as safe as it can be. Each worker needs to wear appropriate safety gear, like helmet and goggles. If the construction involves multiple floors or high ceilings, you can reach them without any hassle if you hire someone with scissor lift training, according to Galmon.com and other equipment operators.
Think of the Future
Do not get stuck with following trends that you forget that they will come and pass. Always put your needs and preferences first when building your home. Remember, just because you have a bigger lot does not mean you can waste the area. Make sure you will need every room you will build, and save some room for upgrades.
These are just some of the things that you can do to make the home construction project a success. No matter how big it is, all you need is a little preparation.


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Welcome. Happy. Safe.
Sherwood Park, Alberta Pet Friendly Hotels & Lodging
Looking for a hotel in Sherwood Park, AB that you can bring your pet to? We made sure that each one of the hotels below are pet friendly, so you can enjoy your trip with your pet by your side! Once you have found a pet friendly hotel, you can book your stay instantly from our website or call 866-212-1803 to speak with a pet travel agent.
Browse Pet Friendly Hotels In Sherwood Park, Alberta
Rates from
201 Palisades Way, Corner Sherwood Dr and Lakeland Dr. - Sherwood Park, AB (Map)
Pet guests are welcome at pet friendly Days Inn & Suites by Wyndham Sherwood Park Edmonton. Each room can have no more than 2 pets which can be up to 50 kilograms. The pet fee is CAD 20 per accommodation, per night.
Rates from
11 Portage Lane - Sherwood Park, AB (Map)
Holiday Inn Express & Suites Sherwood allows pets to accompany their people at their pet friendly accommodation. Up to 2 pets are welcome. The pet fee is CAD 15.000 per pet, per night.
Rates from
30 Broadway Blvd - Sherwood Park, AB (Map)
Ramada by Wyndham Sherwood Park welcomes pets at their pet friendly accommodation. Up to 2 pets are allowed. The pet fee is CAD 15 per pet, per night.


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Preface: I'm not a historian. But I do seem to have a better understanding of the history of the Constitution than Reason.tv and at least one libertarian demagogue. Consider the latest release to their YouTube channel.
Very quickly, the "Commerce Clause" to the Constitution reads thus:
[The Congress shall have power] To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes.
The "Originalist" speaker in the video makes two key claims:
1. Congress generally used to apply the Commerce Clause solely to prevent states from imposing trade barriers on one another. That pattern was violated at some point in the 19th-century, and things have gone downhill ever since.
2. Because this Originalist does not consider most economic activity "commerce," most of Congress' modern regulatory authority is unwarranted.
Claim one comes in about two and a half minutes into the clip.
The commerce clause was created to quash the commercial warfare that threatened to break the states apart. And for over one hundred years, Congress exercised the power only in that way.
Now, as much as one can be "right" or "wrong" about historical analysis, the Originalist is wrong on this count. The Commerce Clause was an essential part of the 1816 McCulloch v. Maryland case, in which one of the states sought to tax the Federal government for chartering the Second Bank of the United States in Maryland. Ironically, the Originalist speaker builds a sort of libertarian framework around his obvious historical error by saying that the Clause was used to prevent inter-state trade barriers, where one of its most famous 19th-century violations involved state power run amok against the United States government!
Another came just a few years later, in which the Commerce Clause was violated by the state of New York, leading to the Gibbons v. Ogden ruling. In that case, the state of New York attempted to supersede the federal waterway use licensed to a business owner, Thomas Gibbons, by giving monopoly water use rights in New York to another business owner, Aaron Ogden. There, a state wasn't trying to inflict a "trade war" on another state – it was trying to forbid the United States from, essentially, maintaining that New York was a part of the Union.
Of course I suspect that any historian who watches the video knows many more examples that violate this guy's beliefs, but this just caught me off guard with its obvious falsity.
Claim two comes in about eighty seconds into the video:
Commerce at the time of the founding [of the United States] meant trade. You had manufacturing, that was not commerce. You had agriculture, that was not commerce You had retail sales, that was not commerce. Regulating commerce among the states meant regulating the states so a state couldn't impose trade barriers which were often the precursor to war.
I put the temporally primary claim as the "second" one because I think it speaks to a broader point: To oppose the Commerce Clause, libertarians generally need an incorrect definition of commerce. As anyone who has ever owned a business, managed a supply chain, or anything like that knows, one end product being exchanged for another end product is only a tiny part of the act of selling something. His first example of economic activity, "manufacturing," definitely fits the bill for any good that requires machinery built out of state, fuel drilled anywhere outside the state, and so on. And "agriculture" has probably always fit the bill in U.S. history, for example when one city supplied virtually all of the packaged meat in the country, or when three states supplied virtually all of the corn on earth. And of course, the meat was packaged in Cincinnati, but grown in other states, shipped using trucks built in other states, packaged in plants owned by people educated in other states…
The operative idea that makes this claim matter is that the Commerce Clause demonstrates that the Founding Fathers understood that the economy was a system. Economies are not just discrete transactions. They occur in an incredibly broad space. If you agree with this claim, you must reject libertarian opposition to the Founding Fathers' understanding of economics.
Tags: journalism fail


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Holtz Law Handles All Your Family Law Related Matters
Divorce: Whether you are ready or are considering a divorce, legal separation, or annulment, there are many important considerations you need to make for yourself and your family. You need to make sure you understand your legal rights. Often times, we find that potential clients have heard so many different "stories about divorce" that they are ill-informed about the realities of their circumstances and road ahead. Kara S. Holtz consults with prospective clients to give them a general road-map specific to the legal terrain of their issues.
Custody: No issue is as important as your children and the relationship that is in the best interests of the child as to a parenting plan. Kara understands this on many levels. Kara handles many complex custody cases and understands your options and legal solutions. Whether it is a move-away case, or you are dealing with a "gate-keeper" or uncooperative parent, or you simply need a great parenting plan to alleviate the current stress being placed on your child, we can help.
Division of Assets: This is often one of the most misunderstood areas of Family Law. People have heard so many difference stories that are simply not based in the law. Division of retirement, maintaining or selling the family residence, separate property claims, and division of property, including assets and debts, are only a few of the many issues that can arise when a family is changing shape and parties are dissolving their financial affairs. Kara has handled cases where a simple marital settlement agreement can handle the division of the family financial affairs, and litigated cases involving business division and valuation, employer based investment packages, including RSUs and stock options, and complex division where experts are required to properly prepare for settlement and trial. Preparation is key.
Child Support and/or Spousal Support: This is an area of law that is often crucial for both sides of the equation. Whether you are the payor, and want to know what your obligation is going to look like, or you are the payee and need money to maintain your standard of living, Kara can review the law with experience handling hundreds of support orders to determine a range for you to determine your best strategy moving forward.
Domestic Violence: Kara has worked on thousands of restraining orders. Law is developing and changing in this area every day and in every Court. Kara has experience she can share with you to help your case.
The family law issues summarized here are not exclusive, and reflect only some of the more common topics for which prospective client's seek information.
Below is a list of a number of other assignments in family law that our office frequently works on:
- Annulment
- Appeals
- Business Valuations
- Child Abduction
- Child Abuse
- Child Relocation
- Child Support
- Civil Harassment Orders
- Contempt for non-compliance
with Court Orders
- Custody
- Discovery and Subpoenas For
Financial Information
- Division of Assets
- Division of Debt
- Divorce & Divorce Preparation
- Domestic Violence Related Issues
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July 26 (Reuters) - Gold miner Newcrest Mining Ltd said on Thursday its fourth quarter gold output rose 15 percent as a timely uptick in production at its flagship Cadia mine enabled it to meet production targets.
Australia's largest listed gold miner said gold production for the three months to June 30 rose to 634,950 ounces from 551,815 ounces a year ago. Its gold production for the year fell 1 percent to 2.35 million ounces but landed within its production target of 2.25 million to 2.35 million ounces of gold.
All-in sustaining costs were A$795 per ounce in the quarter, the company said. (Reporting by Ambar Warrick in Bengaluru Editing by Paul Tait)


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Bag for CDJ-2000NXS2/DJM-900NXS2
Compact protection for your NXS2 setup This DJ transporter bag is the perfect size for the CDJ-2000NXS2 and DJM-900NXS2. And it has an additional compartment to safely store your cables The bag's protective egg-foam and fleeced lining prevent damage from vibrations and shocks.
- External dimensions (W x D x H): 480 x 480 x 150 mm (excluding handle)
- Internal dimensions (W x D x H): 455 x 435 x 120 mm
- Materials used:
- EVA Durashock Molded Body
- Black ballistic Polyester
- Black fleeced lining
- Lid egg-foam


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In my recent bout of project energy, I've finally made significant progress on my dining chair collection.
All 4 got primed...
And the first set of chairs are painted, recovered, and living in the dining room. It's about time: I started collecting these chairs shortly after moving!
If you're very observant, you may have noticed a sneak peak of these on my new (and in progress) Home Tour page earlier this week.
The curvy one on the left was the one that needed the most help. This is what it looked like when I rescued it from a tag sale for $5.
I'm absolutely in love with the new fabric and the fact that I got an amazing deal on it just makes it all the better (3 yards for a total of $23)!
I'm really liking the new look of the room, but I'm thinking about how to take it to the next level- add a real WOW factor. I have a few ideas, but I need to let them marinate a bit.
Whichever WOW idea I go with, it will certainly have something to do with colors. A more developed color story in here will go a long way to making it pop.


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Vinyl floor tiles is a relatively new material, the installation of which is carried out simply enough. Such material is characterized by durability, high strength, practicality. Worth noting and environmental cleanliness – this parameter is rather important when choosing floor coverings in the apartment.
Related articles:
The question «burst cast-iron sewer pipe.» — 5 answers
Vinyl tiles are most often present on the construction markets in the squares of 30 by 30 centimeters. Before buying the material you want to measure the floor space. Only if the calculations required add 10% for waste – better to buy the material with a margin, than to go to the store when it is shortage.
Before laying this tile flooring must also be carefully prepared. Of course, the surface should be no traces of oil, paint, in General – smooth surface is an important indicator. If there are cracks, seams, any seams be sure they sealed! If the floor is wood – oscillate it. A concrete floor treated with a primer for a secure grip.
If your tiles lock connection (called «thorn-groove»), start laying from the wall. The first row position to the wall with a stud (of course, with their tongue cut off). Just remember that you need to follow the recommended distance from the wall not less than three millimeters to the tiles.
The first row is laid? Then from the groove remove the protective film, then with the top vinyl tile Lenka remove the paper that covers the adhesive edge. Now, place the next tile (to 45 degrees), connect. After laying the coating «laminate» it is definitely special shaft (up to eighty pounds).
If the tile you «glue», then you will need to produce markup. Lay the middle of the room. Gently repel the chalk line with a rope, pulling it from wall to wall. Mark the middle of the line angle (should be straight), spend the following line (perpendicular).
Here too all is simple enough – a quarter of the area required to apply the adhesive, wait about fifteen minutes. Well now you can put the material from the center of the room – carefully monitor the combination of tiles with incised lines. Each tile prokatyvaja ramming roller.
Lay the remaining tile in a similar way. The extra pieces are cut with a sharp knife. Then comes the installation of the baseboards around the perimeter of the room. Glue residue removed.
As you can see, there is nothing difficult in installing a high-quality and durable material, like vinyl tile!


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Brie has over 20 years experience in the customer service industry that has prepared her for the busy life of a real estate office. As a licensed broker Brie goes above and beyond for our buyers in their search for a perfect home.
"Molly and her assistant, Brie, are the absolute gold standard! We wish we could give them 10 stars, or a million! We got SO LUCKY when we found Molly. Whew! (Look at all her fantastic reviews and how consistent they are over time.) If you're thinking of buying or selling, don't even hesitate calling Molly. There's no one better."
~R. Oberdorf


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Ari Fuld HY"D worked hard for the Jewish People and the Israeli Army. One of Ari Fuld's HY"D last projects was creating a campaign with his friend Daniel for a new Standing Together Truck in honor of Daniel's daughter's Kaylee's Bat Mitzvah. Once Ari was murdered Daniel and his daughter quickly started the campaign on their own ( https://rootfunding.com/campaigns/standing-together-with-ari-fuld ). Jordana's family heard about the campaign and she too started raising money for the new Ari Fuld HY"D Standing Together truck in honor of her bat Mitzvah ( https://rootfunding.com/campaigns/stogether-ari-fuld-jordana-mitzvah-project )
If you are celebrating your child's bar or bat mitzvah and would like to join the Ari Fuld HY"D Standing Together Truck campaign, contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com
The new TEN TON TRUCK will bring even more treats to the IDF soldiers. This truck will be able to stock enough ice cream, ices and cold drinks for 3,000 chayalim. The truck will have a pop corn maker, waffle machine, pizza oven, pretzel warmer and more.
Please click the Donate button to give what you can. Of course, any amount is appreciated! Don't forget to also help me by spreading the word on social media (and in the real world). Even better, click on the Branch button to set up your own branch campaign customized for your friends, family and co-workers. Let's make a difference.
Thank you for supporting Standing Together!
Donate by Cheque: Cheques should be made out to:
and mailed to:
Standing Together INC IS A REGISTERED TAX EXEMPT 501C3 – ALL US DONATIONS ARE TAX EXEMPT


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New Years Resolutions...
I know it's been awhile! I decided to not take my computer to Europe, because one: I didn't want it to get stolen, and two: I didn't want to spend all my time there in front of a computer. Before I start posting all about my trip, I wanted to write about a few of my new years resolutions. I know, it's probably a little late to be writing about these, but I still wanted to share them more as a personal reminder for myself to look back on, and to maybe inspire or give some ideas for others as well.
Nils and I were on an eight hour train ride and decided to brainstorm a little. Here's what we came up with...
1. Go running AT LEAST once a month. I need to start incorporating cardio into my workout, but I despise running. Actually, I hate it. I know this goal doesn't sound that hard, but I have found the smaller the goals I set, the easier they are to achieve. Then I find myself later going above and beyond what I initially intended. Once I begin to achieve this one, then I can re-evaluate and set new ones. We don't need a new year to set new goals.
It's been less than a week since I returned from Europe and I have already been out running once. It was just two miles, but I did it. And you know what, IT WAS HARD! I struggled the whole way and wanted to stop every step I took. So, I have decided to just keep running two miles until it gets easy (even if I have to do this for a whole year)! Hopefully this will help me learn to like running more.
2. Workout twice a week in the morning. I am by no means a morning person. I like to take my dear sweet time in the mornings and get up as I please. However, as this spring semester approaches, I am going to have to start waking up earlier whether I want to or not. One of the reasons I have set this particular goal of working out in the morning, is because of last semester's habits I fell into.
Last semester, I worked out once MAYBE twice a week if I was lucky. As a result, I felt terrible, sleep deprived, and found myself with low energy and in grouchy moods. However, whenever I forced myself to go to the gym, I was a different person both physically and mentally in my personal and academic life. I am hoping that I can tie in both these resolutions- running and working out in the morning- to help improve both my mental and my physical health this semester.
3. Drink more water. I have probably set this goal more than twenty times in my life, but this time I am determined. I even bought a new $12 water bottle to help me with this. I don't know why, but I always get excited about new water bottles and it forces me to not only drink more, but remember to drink more water. Often times I will forget to keep drinking water throughout the day, which I am trying to work on.
4. Soda only on the weekends. Nils and I have been drinking WAYYYYY too much soda. It's so good, but so bad for us. So, we decided to try to limit ourselves to only drinking it on the weekend. Today I got a burrito and was walking over to grab a soda, and then I stopped myself because it's Monday. So, I've got four more days to go! Ugh. One thing I have found when I am craving soda, is a carbonated drink. So I have been drinking a LaCroix instead which complete satisfies the craving.
5. Wake up earlier. Hah. I know for a fact this one won't happen, but I still put it down because I want this to eventually become a goal of mine. Maybe even just if I wake up an hour early once a week or even once a month will suffice.
6. Surprise Nils with something once a month. Nils and I came up with this goal together on the train. We thought it would be nice for each of us to do something for the other person once in a while and out of the blue. Even if it's just giving the other person a massage, picking up a coffee or tea for the other, or taking them out to dinner... Actually neither of us have done something this month yet, so we'll see who does it first. Haha.
7. One to two blog post a week and connect/reach out. But only if I have the time! I'd like to put more time in the blog, but right now I need to prioritize my classes. However, if I do have the free time and am able to post twice a week, I am going to try. Also, I want to connect more with people in my area. I was invited to an event in San Francisco with some other local bloggers, but turned it down because I already had plans and was honestly kind of scared to go out of my comfort zone. This year, I hope to change this and maybe meet some people with similar interests and put myself out there.
8. Take a German class and maybe study abroad. I am thinking about taking a German class this semester and if it works out, I hope to start digging my foot into this language a little bit more. After visiting Berlin and connecting with both the country and the people, I want to explore and see if there would be a way for me to do a semester abroad (which is one of the things I've always wanted to do).
9. Make a budget for my money. After my trip to Europe, I need to start saving again. And this time around, I want to budget out my money, see where I am spending it, and give myself a plan.
Alright, I know! I look at this list and get overwhelmed a little, but I have found two things that have been so helpful. One, set some goals with someone else to keep each other accountable. This is what Nils and I have been doing and so far we have been really good. Two, I have found that setting multiple goals has shown better results than just one or two. This may seem weird, but it has one hundred percent been working for me. Before you start, you need to understand that you probably will not achieve all of these. BUT, that being said, each person will boil down their own list to achieve maybe just the one or two goals they've wanted to change for a while. For me at least, I find myself constantly thinking about them and changing my daily routine to meet them.
I hope this has or will help you form a few goals or approach your new years resolutions in a different way. Good luck and happy 2018!


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One of my favorite things to witness as a parent is the natural generosity of my children's hearts. So often, I see them being giving, kind, and loving on people. In these moments, I feel so happy about the way we have chosen to parent these little ones, because I certainly believe it matters. In those moments, I see it. I see that raising my children in a way in which I try to be generous with them results in children who feel happy to be generous with others.
What do I mean by generous with my children? This can look like a lot of things. It looks like sometimes letting them pick out toys when we go out. If we have the money to spend, then we try to say yes to that. It means when my hubby and I treat ourselves to the occasional coffee shop coffee, we try to get the kids a drink too. It could mean saying yes to an activity that the kids want to do. It could mean being generous with my time and spending some much needed special time.
Sometimes, it means happily sharing some of our things with our children. Last night, I had a few pieces of candy that were given to me. I could have eaten them all to myself (and I have been known to hide a little treat just for myself here and there-nothing wrong with that), but instead I was openly happy to offer my daughter some. I think food is this this girls love language (like Mother like daughter 😉 ).
This weekend we attended an Easter egg hunt. There were a bunch of kids, and after it was all said and done, I noticed that a few kids got much less eggs than others. Hailey did not hesitate to start handing out some of her eggs to others. She went around actively looking for those who might have had less. She spent some of the time we had set aside to play to pass out candy to those who had little. She happily exclaimed "it feels really great to share with others!" I was proud of her giving heart. She gives with everything she has. She is generous with her things, her time, her love.
Some days this parenting thing is kinda tough. Then other days I get to see some of the reward of all this hard work and I remember how very worth it is. I am raising some pretty amazing human beings.


text: From Villain to Victor: Ketamine in Acute Neurologic InjuryNathan, Naveen MDAnesthesia & Analgesia: April 2017 - Volume 124 - Issue 4 - p 1027 doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002010 Infographics: Infographic Free Author InformationAuthors Article OutlineOutline Article MetricsMetrics Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (firstname.lastname@example.com) This infographic is composed and illustrated by Naveen Nathan, MD, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (firstname.lastname@example.com). The author declares no conflicts of interest. REFERENCE Few drugs have consistent and reproducible benefits when treating acute neurologic injury. This infographic illustrates the pharmacologic effects of ketamine that enhance neuroprotection and promote neurocellular recovery. Currently, ketamine is considered purely investigational in the setting of neurotrauma, stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage and status epilepticus. Furthermore, ketamine may negatively impact brain development when used during neurologic injury in pediatric patients.1Back to Top | Article Outline REFERENCE 1. Bell JD. In vogue: ketamine for neuroprotection in acute neurologic injury. Anesth Analg. 2017; 124:1237–1243. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef Copyright © 2017 International Anesthesia Research Society


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Crohn's Workaround Quiz
Crohn's Workaround Quiz
Crohn's Workaround Quiz
You are doing the following workarounds to help manage your moderate to severe Crohn's symptoms. Working around your symptoms is not the same as being in remission (experiencing few or no symptoms). Share this information with your doctor and ask about your treatment options.
You have identified that you can relate to at least one Crohn's workaround from our list. Now you can add more to share with your doctor.
According to the American College of Gastroenterology practice guidelines on the management of Crohn's disease in adults, one of the goals of Crohn's disease treatment is to achieve and maintain remission (few or no symptoms).
In two clinical studies, more than half of the patients who took HUMIRA had significant symptom relief, versus about 1 out of 3 who took placebo. In the same studies, 36% and 21% of patients who took HUMIRA achieved remission, versus 12% and 7% who took placebo. Results were at four weeks.
Your results have been sent.
Be sure to share your results with your doctor at your next appointment.


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Wigan 2 Newcastle 1: Referee blunders gift Martinez a massive win in survival fight
To exist at the wrong end of the Barclays Premier League is to get used to a life of fine margins. At the DW Stadium, Roberto Martinez and Wigan came down on the favourable side of the line.
With only minutes left of an increasingly gripping contest, Newcastle broke down the left through Shola Ameobi and, when his cross arrived at the near post, Wigan goalkeeper Joel Robles was required to divert Papiss Cisse's shot wide of the goal.
Referee Mark Halsey, however, did not award a corner, choosing instead to give a goal kick. It was not the official's first mistake of the game, nor was it to be his last.
Late winner: Arouna Kone (centre) scored a controversial late goal for Wigan to earn them three points
Wigan: Robles, Scharner, Alcaraz, Figueroa, Boyce, McCarthy, Gomez, Beausejour (Di Santo 79), Maloney, Kone, McManaman (McArthur 58).
Subs Not Used: Al Habsi, Caldwell, Henriquez, Stam, Golobart.
Booked: Scharner.
Goals: Beausejour 18, Kone 90.
Newcastle: Elliot, Debuchy (Haidara 13 (Perch 13)), Steven Taylor, Yanga-Mbiwa, Santon, Marveaux, Tiote, Gutierrez, Gouffran (Ameobi 67), Sissoko, Cisse.
Subs Not Used: Harper,Anita,Gosling,Obertan.
Booked: Perch,Gutierrez.
Goals: Santon 72.
Ref: Mark Halsey (Lancashire).
Soon after, Wigan won a corner at the other end and, when Shaun Maloney's kick arrived in the six-yard area, his team-mate Maynor Figueroa appeared to handle the ball before a bout of bagatelle ended with Arouna Kone prodding it over the line for a precious winning goal.
And so an afternoon of controversy and fury ended with a home win.
Martinez and his players took another step towards a place outside the bottom three while Newcastle manager Alan Pardew began to throw accusations around like confetti.
All of which was perfectly understandable. When the margins are as fine as this, defeat is always that bit harder to take.
Did Wigan deserve to win this game? Maybe not. On balance a draw would have been a fairer reflection.
Here at the DW, though, Martinez always manages to find something extra in his players at this time of year and the Spaniard would appear to be on the verge of doing it again. When the big questions are asked in March and April, Wigan rarely seem afraid of the answers and — with an FA Cup semi-final to come next month — this could once again be a season that ends well in this part of Lancashire.
Controversy: Maynor Figueroa (left) clearly handles the ball in the build up to Arouna Kone's winner
Horror: Callum McManaman (left) goes in knee high on Massadio Haidara
In front: Jean Beausejour (centre) gave Wigan the lead after 18 minutes
None of which concerned Pardew as he raged at the injustices of the afternoon. The Newcastle boss is rarely afraid to complain but he did have just cause on this occasion.
Notwithstanding the two late errors from Halsey, Wigan should have been playing with 10 men from the 23rd minute.
Having played a key part in Wigan's opening goal four minutes earlier — storming down the right to cross for Jean Beausejour to score after an awful attempted clearance from Davide Santon — Callum McManaman then marked his first Premier League start with a pretty dreadful tackle on Massadio Haidara.
Drawing level: Davide Santon (right) equalised for the Magpies with his first goal for the club
Not a foul: Haidara left on a stretcher but referee Mark Halsey (second left) didn't even give a free kick
Newcastle assistant John Carver (left) confronted McManaman at half-time causing an ugly touchline row
There didn't seem to be much intent in the 21-year-old's lunge, indeed his foot made some initial contact with the ball.
But McManaman was reckless and high and Haidara was soon exiting the scene on a stretcher with damage to his right knee.
Certainly the Wigan player should have been sent off and, of course, that would have had a significant impact on the game.
Referees do make mistakes, though, and the sight of Newcastle assistant John Carver doing his best to get to McManaman as the teams left the field at half-time was unedifying. Carver — an emotional man at the best of times — was sent to the stands during the interval and quite rightly so.
He's off: Carver was sent to the stands for confronting the Wigan midfielder
In terms of the football, Wigan were good value for their lead for a while. The excellent Maloney brought a low save from Rob Elliot with a curling shot in the 35th minute while only a Jonas Gutierrez tackle prevented the breaking James McCarthy getting his shot away when he was played clear soon after.
Newcastle, though, play with admirable spirit under Pardew and, after the disappointing Cisse missed from close range just before half-time, they found a way back into the game in the second period.
Wigan continued to have their moments as McManaman's shot was blocked by Mapou Yanga-Mbiwa, Figueroa headed over and McCarthy saw an affort repelled by Steven Taylor.
But Newcastle's threat grew as time wore on and it was not entirely surprising to see them equalise in the 72nd minute when Santon ran on to Cisse's clever pass to atone for his earlier aberration by driving the ball low across Robles with his right foot.
Revenge: James Perch (left) was booked for this tackle on Arouna Kone
From this point on, the visiting team certainly should have seen the game out. Pardew's post-match assertion that his defenders were distracted by Figueroa's handball a split-second before Kone's winning goal perhaps suggests they need a lesson in concentration.
Nevertheless, this was undoubtedly an afternoon that could have ended differently. This is how close, how desperate, it gets at the wrong end of the table at this time of year.
Newcastle must get over their hurt pretty quickly. Wigan, meanwhile, must further gather momentum.
They have done it before.
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