text:
- Research
- Open Access
The use of Subject Matter Experts in Validating an Oral Health-Related Quality of Life measure in Korean
- Jaesung Seo1,
- Michael MacEntee2 and
- Mario Brondani3Email author
© Seo et al. 2015
- Received: 10 March 2015
- Accepted: 26 August 2015
- Published: 4 September 2015
This paper aimed to employ subject matter experts (SMEs) to assess the extent to which the Korean version of the short-form of the OHIP (OHIP-14 K) is culturally valid and equivalent in Korean.
We approached 17 bilingual Korean SMEs from which 10 independently rated the clarity, relevance, and cultural equivalence of the OHIP-14 K. SME's varied between 10 and 41 years of clinical experience and were mostly males (# 7). We used Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) to gauge the proportion of SMEs who considered the content of OHIP items (e.g., instruction, response format, etc.) to be culturally valid. We also performed additional analysis to determine the level of agreement between the SMEs.
The experts rated most of the items to be clear (S-CVI = 0.93) while having difficulties in assigning relevance of the questions to the expected domains (S-CVI = 0.42). Moreover, considerable disagreement existed among the experts in regard to the relevance (Kfree = 0.19 to 1.00) and the cultural equivalence indexes (ADM = 0.36 to 0.96). The content of the OHIP-14 K for the most part clearly reproduced the language of the original OHIP-14. However, experts disagreed on the relevance and conceptual equivalence of the OHIP-14 K for a Korean population.
Patient-oriented outcome measures such as the OHIP can be used across cultures once there are indeed assessing the same domains and constructs of interest. The CVI technique seems to be an alternative tool for evaluating content validity and equivalency of an OHQoL measure. A more refined, culturally relevant version of OHIP-14 K was proposed although there is no available data yet to support a better score validity, reliability and responsiveness of this proposed version.
- Oral Health
- Subject Matter Expert
- Korean Version
- Theoretical Domain
- Oral Health Impact Profile
The theoretical domains and functional items of the original short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14)
Theoretical Domains
OHIP-14 Item
Functional Limitation
Q1. Have you had trouble pronouncing any words because of problems with your teeth, mouth or dentures?
Q2. Have you felt that your sense of taste has worsened because of problems with your teeth, mouth or dentures?
Pain & Discomfort
Q3. Have you had painful aching in your mouth?
Q4. Have you found it uncomfortable to eat any foods because of problems with your teeth, mouth or dentures?
Psychological Discomfort
Q5. Have you been self-conscious because of your teeth, mouth or dentures?
Q6. Have you felt tense because of problems with your teeth, mouth or dentures?
Physical Disability
7. Has your diet been unsatisfactory because of problems with your teeth, mouth or dentures?
Q8. Have you had to interrupt meals because of problems with your teeth, mouth or dentures?
Psychological Disability
Q9. Have you found it difficult to relax because of problems with your teeth, mouth or dentures?
Q10. Have you been a bit embarrassed because of problems with your teeth, mouth or dentures?
Social Disability
Q11. Have you been a bit irritable with other people because of problems with your teeth, mouth or dentures?
Q12. Have you had difficulty doing your usual jobs because of problems with your teeth, mouth or dentures?
Q13. Have you felt that life in general was less satisfying because of problems with your teeth, mouth or dentures?
Q14. Have you been totally unable to function because of problems with your teeth, mouth or dentures?
Adapting a QoL measure like the OHIP from English to another language offers the possibility for cross-cultural comparisons [11–13] once assumed that its conceptual foundation in the ICIDH and Locker's model is accepted at face value, and that the concepts and domains addressed are readily transferable between cultures. However, cultural environment strongly influence personal identity and how people consider, interpret and cope with chronic diseases and disorders [5, 6]. The OHIP has been translated into more than 30 languages via various methodologies, but not without challenges to achieve validity and equivalency to the original Australian-English version [6]. Despite reservations about the validity of the OHIP's conceptual foundations [5,6] and domains' structure [14], Bae et al. (2007) adapted the OHIP-14 to Korean (OHIP-14 K) using bilingual translators without fully validating its concepts; yet with assumptions that it is a valid and equivalent translation [15]. The objective for this study was to assess the content validity and cultural equivalence of the Korean version of the OHIP-14 K with the assistance of bilingual subject matter experts (SMEs).
Selection of Subject Matter Experts - Ethics, consent and permissions
Background information of the subject matter experts
Place(s) of Graduation
Clinical Experience (yrs)
Education Background
University of British Columbia; University of Temple; University of California, San Francisco
DDS, PhD, AEGD1
Burnaby, BC
Seoul National University; University of British Columbia
Burnaby, BC
Coquitlam, BC
Yonsei University; University of Manitoba; University of British Columbia
DMD, MSc, PhD
Burnaby, BC
Southwestern University
North Vancouver, BC
University of London; Seoul National University; Korea University
BDS, DMD, MSc, PhD
Vancouver, BC/ Seoul, Korea
University of British Columbia
Burnaby, BC
University of Manitoba
North Vancouver, BC/ Lancaster, CA
University of Pennsylvania; Columbia University
Coquitlam, BC
Korea University; University of British Columbia
DDS (SNU), DMD (UBC), MSD, PhD, PPD
Burnaby, BC
Consent to publish
Consent to publish was obtained from the participants as they signed off on the following statement on the written consent form: "Your signature indicates that you consent to participate in this study. You are willing to have your interview audio-taped and give permission for the principal investigator to use the information you are providing anonymously as part of a publication focused on the same issue."
Content validation (CV) began with the construction and administration of a questionnaire to gather quantitative and qualitative information on the clarity, cultural equivalency and relevance of the OHIP [14,18], and was pilot-tested for clarity by two local practicing Korean dentists outside the group of 10 who participated in the study. They both recommended that the WHO's definitions of impairment, disability, and handicap (1980) be appended as background material to consult.
We then designed a questionnaire with three comprehensive subscales for SMEs to judge: 1) the content validity of OHIP-14 K in terms of the technical quality of the items, instructions, and response formats; 2) the relevance of the content to the ICIDH theoretical domains of Locker's model; and 3) the cultural equivalency of the translation to the intent of the original OHIP-14. On the recommendation of Lynn [16], the CV questionnaire acquired a 4-point ordinal Likert scale as a response format without neutral ground.
In the clarity index, the SMEs were asked to rate the clarity of the instructions, items, and response format using the following Likert scale: 0 = not at all clear, 1 = somewhat clear, 2 = mostly clear, and 3 = very clear [19]. They were instructed to identify comprehension problems with the OHIP-14 K due to, for example: vague wording, ambiguous language, double-barrelled questions, and so on.
In the cultural equivalence index, the SMEs were asked to evaluate the semantic, colloquial, experiential and conceptual equivalence, rather than linguistic or literal equivalence of the translation using the scale: 0 = not at all equivalent, 1 = somewhat equivalent, 2 = mostly equivalent, and 3 = equivalent. They were encouraged to also comment generally on the translation with suggestions for deletions, additions and modifications.
In the relevance index, the degree to which the OHIP-14 K items appropriately sampled the theoretical domains of OHIP (e.g., functional limitation, social disability, etc.) was assessed. The SMEs were asked to identify for each item the most appropriate theoretical domain of Locker's model.
All information, including the various types of cultural equivalence, was written and verbally conveyed to the SMEs when meeting with the first author (JS). After this introductory briefing, the SMEs signed the informed consent form and received a CV questionnaire with the instructions and the OHIP-14 in both Korean and English. They answered the CVI questionnaires individually, independently, and at their own convenience. The SMEs were again visited within 30 days where the questionnaires were collected.
Data analysis
We used non-parametric Kappa statistics for the analysis of data generated by the relevance index in which the most representative theoretical domain was selected as suggested by Slocumb and Cole [20]. Kappa values below the cut-off 0.4 were considered to be poor agreement [20] and prompted further examination of the SMEs' comments. The Scale-level CVI was expressed as the percentage of items whose I-CVI values were equal to or greater than the minimally acceptable CVI of 0.78; it provided information on the proportion of elements requiring revisions until the S-CVIs was equal to or greater than 0.80 to confirm the validity of the scale [21].
Clarity of OHIP-14 K Elements
Item-level content Validity Index (I-CVI) and Average Deviation from the Mean Index (ADM) of OHIP-14 K instruction, response format, event frequency, and items in the Clarity and Equivalence Indices
Clarity Index1
Equivalence Index2
Original Scale Element (back-translation of OHIP14-K)
Response Format
Event Frequencya
1. Trouble pronouncing any words
(Discomfort from not being able to pronounce well)
2. Sense of taste has worsened
(Sense of taste was worse than before)
3. Painful aching in your mouth
(Pain in the tongue, sublingual, cheeks, palate, etc.)
4. Uncomfortable to eat any foods
(Uncomfortable to have meal due to painful or uneasy problems of the mouth)
5. Self-conscious
(Reluctant to meet others because of shame)
6. Felt tense
(Paid attention to)
7. Unsatisfactory diet
(Dissatisfied meals)
8. Meals interrupted
(Interrupted during meals)
9. Difficult to relax
(Difficulties resting comfortably)
10. A bit embarrassed
(Embarrassed or perplexed)
11. A bit irritable with other people (Get angry easily at others)
12. Difficulty doing your usual jobs
(Difficult to do normal jobs)
13. Life in general was less satisfying
(Life less satisfying than before)
14. Totally unable to function
(Psychologically, physically and socially cannot at all do one's share)
Cultural Equivalence between OHIP-14 and OHIP-14 K
The SMEs were instructed to evaluate the cross-cultural equivalence between the OHIP-14 in English (OHIP-14E) and OHIP-14 K. Seven elements – which included the response format and questions 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 13 – were deemed content valid (CVI > .80), all with acceptable agreement (ADM ≤ 0.56). On the contrary, items including the instructions, the frequency scale, and questions 5 and 6 felt below the minimally acceptable CVI value with statistically significant agreement (I-CVI < 0.80, ADM ≤ 0.56). While neither significant agreement nor disagreement was observed for items 2 and 4, a high level of disagreement was noted for items 1, 3, 11, and 14 with regard to cultural equivalency. For example, the SMEs were divided over the cultural equivalency of the Korean translation of question 1: trouble pronouncing words (ADM = 0.96). Four SMEs suggested that having trouble pronouncing words had a different meaning than the Korean translation discomfort from not being able to pronounce well as offered in the current OHIP-14 K. The suggested revisions for question 1 included "baleumeul mothaesuh himdeushinjuk" (having difficulties to pronounce [any words]). The experts also disagreed over the equivalency of question 14 (ADM = 0.72), "totally unable to function," which was translated into "jungshinjeok, shinchejeok, sahoejeokeuro junhyuh jemokeul halsu upsutdun jeok" (totally unable to do one's share psychologically, physically, and socially).
Relevance of OHIP-14 K Domains
Examination of each question's relevance to the expected theoretical domain revealed that the endorsement rates for questions 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, and 14 were equal to or above the acceptable CVI value of 0.80 (S-CVIrelevance = 0.42, K free > 0.4), confirming that the questions corresponded with the hypothesized domains by the Locker's model. On the other hand, eight out of 14 questions (# 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 13) felt below the acceptable CVI value, with 5 showing poor or fair agreement (K free < 0.4). Closer examination of content-invalid items revealed that question 5, "self-conscious" (psychological discomfort); question 9, "difficult to relax" (psychological disability); and question 13, "life in general was less satisfying" (handicap) were also representing social disability (K free = 0.4), physical disability (K free = 0.6), and psychological disability (K free = 0.4), respectively. Poor agreement was noted for questions 7, 10, and 12 (K free < 0.2) while questions 4 and 8 showed fair agreement (0.2 < K free < 0.4). Overall, 7 SMEs indicated that some questions could be interpreted outside of the oral health context.). For example, question 12, "difficulties in doing one's usual jobs," may unintentionally elicit non-dental-related experiences if left 'as is'. The seemingly transferrable construct of OHQoL can be understood differently in English and in non-western cultures such as Korean due to differences in priorities, health perceptions and potential impact of a disorder. Another SME indicated that OHIP-14 K does not adequately capture the aesthetic concerns that patients might have about their mouths. In their overall evaluation of OHIP-14 K, 6 SMEs recognized the need for better accuracy of the OHIP-14 K items to ensure cross-cultural equivalence.
Our study employed SMEs to culturally assess the content and equivalence of an OHRQoL instrument to Korean. As advised by Sischo and Broder (2011), OHQoL has multiple applications in dental research and services especially when we move from a bench research to a more person-centered approaches to measure treatment needs and efficacy of care [22]. In turn, the availability of cross-culturally valid and reliable OHQoL measures is beneficial for needs assessment, oral health care planning, and service evaluation in Korean as well as in other languages. Despite the widespread use of OHIP in English and in more than 30 different languages, content validity and equivalency of its translated versions – including the OHIP-14 K – have not been fully addressed [6]. This was compounded by the fact that current cultural adaptation and validation strategies using the suggested forward and backward translations supervised by a committee are not resistant to biases; ramifications to inferences made on cultural differences in OHQoL are expected. Typical validation efforts for the OHIP use criterion-related approaches that are vulnerable to the cross-cultural biases and misunderstandings while paying little attention to the content of the scale or theoretical foundations. Consequently, the validity of the OHIP translated to other languages and applied to other cultures needs a critical discussion [5] since none of the existing translations of the OHIP, including the Korean, seems to challenge Locker's ICIDH concept of disturbances to oral health-related quality of life [6].
In contrast to the traditional committee method of establishing equivalency [23–25], our study employed SMEs who investigated the theoretical foundations of the OHIP-14 K and recommended changes. The scale-level CVIs obtained in our study demonstrated to be an alternative method for content validation and indicated that wording of the OHIP-14 K is clear (S-CVIclarity = 0.93), but it may not be cross-culturally equivalent to its English counterpart (S-CVIequivalence = 0.50). The positive results on the clarity index were expected considering that OHIP-14 K has already undergone rigorous testing with monolingual Korean adults and five Korean dentists [15] despite its cultural equivalency never being fully established. Our results also indicated a limited degree of relevance for the entire scale (S-CVIrelevance = 0.42). Cross-culturally valid scales must demonstrate evidence of item relevance and mutual exclusiveness of their theoretical dimensions to achieve proper representation of the construct [26]. For this reason, each of the seven domains should be represented by at least two content-valid items to avoid taking chances with translation quality. Only half of 14 OHIP-14 K questions accurately loaded onto the expected seven domains as proposed by Slade and Spenser, while John and colleagues employed exploratory factor analysis to determine that the OHIP lends itself to four, not seven domains [14]. The low level of relevance of the set of assigned domains can imply a departure from the original conceptual model and an inaccurate representation of the construct since the subscales are not measuring what they are supposed to measure. This finding also raises questions about the use of subscale scores as a valid and reliable indicator of OHQoL domains while little attention has been placed to discuss responsiveness to changes of scores from the translated OHIP in the clinical status of respondents [5, 14].
In the literature, various types of biases have been reported in other language versions of the OHIP. When question 3, "have you had any painful spots or areas in your mouth?" was translated into Brazilian Portuguese, it used the word "pontos" for spot. However, the word also has a second meaning – suture stitches – which caused confusion among the respondents [27]. A similar translation problem was reported by Kenig and Nikolovska (2012) in the Macedonian version of the OHIP item 5, "self-consciousness"[28]. In Macedonian, the literal translation of the term had a different meaning than intended whereas in the Korean version, the low degrees of translation equivalence (I-CVI = 0.4) and relevance (I-CVI = 0.5) suggest that the translation may have been too liberal. In the case of the Macedonian version, the authors decided to eliminate the item because most respondents did not understand its meaning [29].
There are a number of possible explanations for the reported translation problems. As concluded by Guillemin et al. [12, 25], there is no "standardized approach to the cross-cultural adaptation of HRQOL instruments" which probably corroborates the fact that there is no detailed explanation of how conceptual equivalence has been indeed explored within the OHIP [14]. Another source of asymmetry could have been the ambiguities in the English version itself. As discussed previously, the handicap domain included questions that were artificially added to the original OHIP and not directly developed from the interviews with the lay Australian respondents [8]. In the case of our study, none of the SMEs judged question 13, "life less satisfying," to represent the handicap domain. Moreover, disagreement was noted for question 14, "totally unable to function," which was translated to signify "a state of being incapacitated psychologically, physically and socially". Not only can such a triple-barrelled question be confusing for respondents, but it also gives a very vague impression of "handicap" for which no equivalent word exists in Korean. Cultural equivalence aside, these two questions were loaded into psychosocial impact, one of the four domains identified by John et al. to better structure the OHIP and to be 'similar across cultures and populations' [14]. Likewise, our study found that seemingly equivalent items did not always guarantee their relevance to the expected theoretical domains. For example, although question 9, "have you had difficulties relaxing?" was judged to be equivalent to its English counterpart (I-CVIequivalence = 0.8), it did not load onto the expected psychological disability domain (I-CVIrelevance = 0.0). A similar translation issue was reported by Room and colleagues (1996), who noted that Korean translations of psychological affective states were easily mistaken for physical states because Korean words regarding feelings do not effectively differentiate between physical sensations and emotions [30].
Finally, there could have been conceptual differences across cultures in interpreting the semantic equivalence as advised by Herdman [31] who highlighted that translated instruments implicitly and explicitly assume that notions of oral health-related quality of life are similar across cultures, when they may not be. Hence, while revisions of the questions are critical to the validity of cross-cultural comparisons of OHQoL, conceptual equivalence remains the most challenging part of the translational process and it has been either addressed superficially or omitted altogether from many of the OHIP translations [6].
Implications of the Content Validity Findings
Our study found limited evidence of content validity for OHIP-14 K in terms of relevance and cultural equivalency with the English version. In line with previous research [32, 33], the SMEs' suggestions for improving the scale's content validity underscored the importance of its cultural appropriateness and faithfulness to the source version and theoretical mode. Our study suggests that OHIP-14 K should have the same relationship with the construct of interest both within and across cultural groups.
Another implication of our study includes the impact of the detected biases on cross-cultural comparisons of OHQoL. The same degree of construct might elicit different responses on a Likert scale and consequently biased interpretation of domain and total scores [34]. For example, a physical disability domain could be measuring social disability, or could be loaded into a structured factor to better characterise OHQoL across cultures [14]. Hence, the fragile relationship between items and their theoretical domains carries significant implications as OHIP scores are calculated for each domain as well as for the entire scale [5]. However, Brondani and MacEntee raised a more fundamental problem with the use of a summative score due to the questionable discreteness and stability of the theoretical domains of Locker's model. While John et al. (2014) suggested four factors to better structure the OHIP domains [14], Bakers (2007) questioned whether or not the OHIP domains were actually distinguishable [35] and if so, how they would readily relate to one another as per Locker's conceptual framework.
Based on the findings presented here, a refined version of OHIP-14 K was yielded to enhance both semantic and conceptual equivalence (Table 5). Although more work is needed to evaluate its psychometric properties in a target Korean sampling group, it emerged based on the assumption that the existing OHIP Korean translation holds validity. Although there is no question that the OHIP is a psychometric instrument tested and widely used, there are other techniques to provide insight about the OHIP's ability to measure invariance across populations.
Limitations of our study include the use of a convenient sample of dentists who suggested changes in the OHIP as an exercise of content validity and cultural equivalency. Multi-disciplinary SMEs from other disciplines could have provided a more diverse range of knowledge and experience as conducted by others [17, 36]. The CVI technique used should be supplemented with other validation testing specially within the target population. Likewise, the proposed OHIP version on Table 5 remains critical to be consulted by lay Koreans who could examine the relevance and utility of the OHIP-14 K revisions suggested in this study. In turn, no data exists to support a better scoring system for validity, reliability and responsiveness in the proposed modified version of the OHIP to the target population.
➣ The CVI technique is an alternative tool for evaluating content validity and equivalency of an OHQoL measure and documenting the content validation process and quantification of CVIs and disagreement indices.
➣ The expert suggestions and the CVI ratings could be used also to improve the content validity and equivalency of the OHIP-14 K, as well as to refine inferences made from cross-cultural measurements of OHQoL.
➣ The OHIP-14 K demonstrated limited evidence of content validity and cultural equivalency, and potential cross-cultural biases have been identified in its method, items, and construct representation.
➣ Future studies should be done to establish content validity and cultural equivalency of other language versions of OHIP-14 (or other OHQoL scales) and further explore the utility of CVIs and disagreement indices as there is a need for a continuous evaluation of the scale for the intended target populations.
This manuscript was originated as part of the first author (JS) requirements for the completion of a Masters of Dental Sciences, which was successfully concluded in July, 2012. We would like to thank the SMEs who donated their time to participate in our study. A special 'thank you' goes to Drs. Ross Bryant, Peter Graf and Sabrina Wong for their guidance and encouragement.
Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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Daily Energetic chart: Weak in Wood element
Birth's character and destiny (BaGua): Before Completion
Lucky Baby Names for boy: Ashton, Brazil, Brandon, Yves, Yvon, Egor, Eilon, Elijah, Logan, Derrien, Denis, Erwann, Fabian, Florian, Florenzo
Lucky Baby Names for girl: Arava, Artemis, Hortensia, Willow, Derry, Eglantine, Penelope, Jasmina, Elana, Filis, Cherry, Chloe, Clementine
🐶 Baby Dog 2018 - Best first names in 2018 and Chinese horoscope of the child Dog
28 Mansions of the Chinese calendar: Lunar Mansion of the Eastern Wall
The lodge of the Eastern Wall is beneficial. Wednesday, the Water element and the planet Mercury are symbolically attached to this house. Intellectual professions and businesses benefit most from the positive energies of the Eastern Wall Lodge. Luck and wealth are there, as well as academic and professional achievements, provided that special attention is paid to the elderly. If you celebrates your wedding on this auspicious day, the education of your children will be all the more likely to bear fruit.
Solar calendar: Libra
By KarmaWeather - January 27, 2018
Updated on October 11, 2018
© KarmaWeather® by Konbi® - All rights reserved
© KarmaWeather by Konbi - All rights reserved
Reproduction strictly forbidden without prior agreement. Any infringement will be subject to a DMCA request to Google
Please note that the use of medicinal plants, in any form whatsoever, should always be considered after consultation with a doctor, especially for pregnant or breastfeeding women, as well as for young children. In the same way, crystals and stones can only be considered as a support for medical treatment and never as a substitution. They are commonly called healing crystals for their action on the chakras, knowing that these have no application in modern medicine.

subset: commoncrawl


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These tubs plug into a normal wall socket to offer a no hassle solution to install them easily and without the need of an electrician. Attached to the plug is an included RCD to protect the spa and the electrical circuit from unforeseen circumstances. Be sure that the spa is the only load on the circuit when plugged in. Note: Please fill your hot tub with cold water before you switch on power.
Benefits of a Plug & play HOT TUBS
- Easy to install – just plug in and start using your spa straight away! – no electrician required
- Energy efficient
- Three different model sizes to choose from
- Maintenance free cabinet
- Portable and easy to relocate


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Awww… Mondays: Fearmonger Frodo
This week (and every week!) we'll be taking part in Awww…Mondays, posting a weekly dose of cuteness. To find out more about 'Awww….Mondays', click here.
To be fair, this snap of Frodo is more likely to inspire 'ARGH!' than 'Aww'… but I still couldn't resist!
What's made you go 'Awww' this Monday?


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Announcement has been made of the engagement of Megan M. Sluhocki, of Williamsport, and Zachary J. Williams, of Palmyra.
A Sept. 28, 2018, wedding at Brasenhill Mansion is being planned.
Sluhocki is the daughter of Mary Jo Sluhocki, of Clearfield, and David Wentzel, of Kaukauna, Wisconsin. She graduated from Williamsport Area High School in 2013 and received a bachelor's degree in strategic communication from Susquehanna University this year. She is employed by UCP Central Pennsylvania.
Williams is the son of Deanna Williams, of Clintwood, Virginia, and James Williams, of Clinchco, Virginia. He graduated from Palmyra High School in 2014 and is pursuing a bachelor's degree in building automation technology at Pennsylvania College of Technology.


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Latest News:
England Golf offer Affiliated Members complimentary Personal Liability Insurance
Friday 17th May 2019
Colt's Team 2018
Congratulations to the Colts Team for Winning the 2018 SE Group
South Eastern Group Final
Dartford Golf Club - 14th October 2018
Kent was the host county for this year's final, so with Kent being the South league finalist, with at least one of their team being a Dartford member, Essex knew the match was going to be a tight one.
Nevertheless the Essex team were well prepared. Captain Will Percival & Cassidy Steffens (Orsett). Brandon Meads, Shay McQueen, Ben Humphrey, Oscar Yeomans & reserve Jack Brown (Chelmsford). Lukas Warren (Thorndon Park) and Jordan Slater (Colchester).
The weather forecast for the day was of concern. Definite rain, some heavy, possibly thunder storms.
Fortunately the morning foursomes were played under overcast skies, with showers for only the last few holes. Will & Oscar went out first winning on the 16th 3&2. Kent then had a 2&1 win on the 17th followed by an extremely strong win of 6&5 on the 13th, the Kent pair six under par with five holes to play. The last match was down to Brandon & Ben – they won 2up. Morning Foursomes 2 – 2.
The rain had set in by the time the afternoon singles started. Fortunately no thunder storms. After six holes Essex were up in three, all square in four and down in one. Brandon was playing at number one and went on to an excellent win of 6&5 against one of Kent's players who had won by that score in the morning foursomes. Games were close. Oscar losing 4&3 and Jordan finishing all square. At this point the match was level. On the 17th Will won 2&1 and Lukas lost 2&1. Match to date still all square. Then Ben won 4&3 – Essex in the lead. Cassidy lost on the 18th. Shay bought in the final win of 2&1. A tightly contested match as expected. Afternoon Singles 4½ - 3½.
Overall Score Essex 6½ Kent 5½ Wins do not come any closer than that.
Good to have so many supporters. Unfortunately one of them – Shay's Granddad Mick, riding on a single buggy, took a fall which resulted in him being taken to hospital in Bexleyheath. Leg broken in two places - we wish him a speedy recovery.
Will, in his trophy acceptance speech, stated what an excellent match it had been, played in such a great spirit. Thank you Kent. Thanks to Dartford Club for making everyone so welcome, to their member for giving up their Sunday tee times, to the Green staff for providing a testing course.
Thank you to the thunder storms for staying away
Dave Edwards, Colts Manager.
South Eastern Group North – County League Match
ESSEX COLTS v MIDDLESEX COLTS
Thorpe Hall Golf Club – Sunday 12th August 2018
Essex Colts played their last 2018 league match on Sunday 12th August at Thorpe Hall Golf Club. After the long stretch of hot weather the forecast was for rain so everyone came prepared. Fortunately for all, players and spectators, the rain stayed away.
The course was, as always, in excellent condition – the greenest of many visited in the last few weeks.
This was the return home match against Middlesex, both teams playing only three or four players from the away match last month. Essex have the easier task of fielding a team as Middlesex have so many fewer clubs to call upon. 37 to Essex's 78.
In total 19 Essex players played in the four league matches, coming from ten different clubs. Only Colts Captain, Will Percival, was at all matches, although for this game he stood down as Non-playing Captain. The team was Shay McQueen, Jack Brown, Ben Humphrey & Oscar Yeoman (Chelmsford), Cassidy Steffens (Orsett) George Leversuch (Wanstead) Josh Cardy (The Warren) and Bobby Parmar (Abridge).
The morning Foursomes were tightly contested. After six holes Essex were just 1up in the first three games and all square in the fourth. Winning their next three holes Shay & Jack had pulled ahead to 4up after nine and went on to win 6&5. The other three games went to either the 16th or the 17th. Josh & Cassidy won 3&2, George & Bobby 3&1 and Ben & Oscar 2&1. The morning score of 4-0 to Essex belies the closeness of the match.
Afternoon Singles, and the rain still held off. Four good wins for Essex – Ben 7&6, Shay 5&3, George and Bobby both 4&3. The four other games all went to the 18th hole, two being won by Middlesex, two by Essex. Singles 6-2. Overall score 10-2.
Having won all four league matches Essex will now be playing in the SE Final on 14th October.
Thanks were expressed by both teams to Thorpe Hall Golf Club and their members for allowing SE Colts to use their course and for their excellent hospitality. Essex Captain thanked the Middlesex team for driving over on the Saturday in order to be there for an early start on Sunday and looked forward to meeting up again next year.
Dave Edwards, Colts Manager
South Eastern Group North – County League Match
ESSEX COLTS v HERTFORDSHIRE COLTS
Wanstead Golf Club – Sunday 22nd July 2018
The home match of this League Fixture took place on an extremely hot day at Wanstead Golf Club. A late withdrawal by one team member left the squad one short. Luckily Kishen Velani of Wanstead came in as a last minute replacement and a good replacement he proved to be.
The eight man team was: Will Percival (Capt) & Zach Chegwidden (Orsett), Jack Dyer (Rochford 100), Lukas Warren & George Gennings (Thorndon Park), Josh Read (Three Rivers), George Leversuch & Kishen Velani (Wanstead).
The morning foursomes started well for Essex with a 6&5 win for George Leversuch & Kishen followed quickly by a 4&3 win for Jack & George Gennings. The other two tightly contested matches both went to the 17th. Herts won the first of the two 2up.. Lukas and Josh were 1up coming to the 17th then Lourie of Herts had an incredible eagle putt to win that hole. Game all square. On the 18th a wayward drive from Essex looked as if the hole was lost. A second shot to the green and then a stubbed chip from Herts looked as if a half might be possible. Then a superb birdie putt from Lourie which unfortunately Essex could not match, gave Herts a 2up win. Morning Foursomes 2 – 2.
Afternoon Singles proved to be somewhat of a nail biter. On the 6th tee Essex were only up in two matches. Not much better on the 10th tee. Only one match well up, Jack, who went on to a 5&4 win. Herts had good wins on games 4, 5 & 6. Of the remaining four matches both Will & Zach won 3&1 on the 17th. Will was playing against John Hopkins whom he had played in the away match. No 'Holes in One' this time for Will but a good time to reverse the previous result. Kishen then won 2&1 on the 17th and George Leversuch finished all square. Afternoon Singles 4½ - 3½ .
An extremely tight overall win of 6½ - 5½ for Essex. They don't come any tighter than that!
Our thanks to Wanstead Golf Club for hosting this event and making everyone feel so welcome.
Dave Edwards, Colts Manager.
East Berkshire Stag
Wednesday 20th June 2018
The East Berkshire Stag was introduced in 1976. An annual 36-hole individual competition open to amateur golfers with a handicap of five and under. The first winner of the event was none other than Sandy Lyle with a two round total of 141.
Six players from Essex played in this year's annual event at East Berkshire Golf Club. Will Percival (Orsett), Brandon Meads, Shay McQueen and Ben Humphrey (Chelmsford), ,Lukas Warren (Thorndon Park) and Josh Cardy (The Warren).
With a field of 68 players there were many low handicappers. The leading score for Essex in the morning was Brandon Meads +1 followed by Ben Humphrey +2. Overall leading score in the Clubhouse was -1.
The afternoon score proved what a challenging course this is. The winner was Tim Shin of Castle Royal 140. Best placed for Essex was Ben 11th, with Shay & Lukas 13th.
With six players taking part Essex had two teams in the team event, eventually coming 2nd and 3rd, with 1st place going to host county BB&O.
Congratulations to all the Essex players who were, as always, a credit to our County.
Dave Edwards, Colts Manager
SE League Match. Essex v Herts
The first League Match of 2018 was away to Hertfordshire, played at The Shire, a golf course new to most of the team, which has the unusual format of six par 5's, six par 4's and six par 3's. The practice round the day before proved most essential.
The forecast was for a fine, sunny day, but this is Britain and in fact it turned out to be cold, cloudy and windy. A good test for both teams lay ahead.
The Team was as follows:- Will Percival (Captain) and Cassidy Steffens (Orsett), Jack Brown, Shay McQueen & Ben Humphrey (Chelmsford), Jordan Slater (Colchester), Lukas Warren (Thorndon Park) , & Callum Pipe (Braintree).
The morning foursomes were closely contested with Will and Shay winning on the 18th and the other three matches all finishing with wins on the 17th. Jordan & Callum, Jack & Ben 3&1, Lukas & Cassidy 2&1.
A four-nil lead at lunch time was a good place to be for Essex, but Herts pulled out all the stops for the afternoon singles. First player out, Will Percival was playing Herts' Jon Hopkins. Jon hit an excellent tee shot on the par three 7th. A definite birdie and a good chance to win another hole, but then Will had a Hole in One. That is matchplay golf for you. Congratulations Will!! Unfortunately, Jon then went on to continue his fine form to win that match for Herts 5&3.
An early Essex win of 7&5 for Ben was followed by wins for Callum 4&3, Shay 3&2 and Jordan 2&1. The remaining three singles matches were wins for Herts with only Cassidy's game going to the 18th. The Singles were halved 4-4.
Overall score Essex 8 Herts 4, a good start to the 2018 campaign.
Many thanks to Hertfordshire County and The Shire Golf Club for making Essex so welcome.


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Sign measures 7" X 18" and comes ready to hang with hanger on the back.
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Scorpions-eligible Saidy Janko made his debut for Saint-Etienne who beat Champions League hopefuls Nice 1-0 on the opening day of the French Ligue 1 season, GambiaSports reports.
As reported on the newly re-launched www.gambiasports.com website, the 21-year-old was given a place at right-back by Coach Óscar García and he didn't disappoint as he guided the team to victory.
In front of a 25,879-capacity crowd, the hosts were able to get the fans at the Stade Geoffroy-Guichard going with their pressing game in the embryonic stages of proceedings.
Janko, a former Manchester United full-back, put in a decent performance at right-back as the youngster looks to put his injury-ridden days in the UK behind him in France.
He joined the St-Étienne on a four-year contract last month from Scottish champions Celtic.


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- Homepage :
- Systems and technologies :
- Building automation
Building automation
Are designs and implements modern automated building systems across the country. In addition to comprehensive system implementation, our expertise covers system maintenance and repair.
We optimise the automated systems controlling your HVACE processes and ensure that your investments are systematic throughout the life cycle of your property. We cooperate closely with the leading equipment manufacturers and offer solutions to all problems related to automated building systems. The careful implementation of automated building systems reduces costs and environmental effects.
Around the clock support
Our range of services includes remote monitoring and control as well as server services. Remote monitoring and control can be provided as a separate service or as part of a maintenance contract. We use one of the most advanced cloud-based services in the field.
Our most extensive remote monitoring services involve the daily operation of the client's system and the constant monitoring of alarms and technical building system processes. Our Service Centre is accessible around the clock, every day of the year.
A property can be optimised
Our range of services also includes inspection and optimisation services for clients' properties and systems. If needed, our experts will inspect the entire technical building system of your property.
We represent leading brands, such as Centraline by Honeywell and the Finnish brand Fidelix. We have a comprehensive selection of spare parts for nearly all of the existing automated systems. We can implement a wide variety of bus solutions for the most common automation buses and include all technical building system functionalities in our automation systems.
We are also intensively developing IoT (Internet of Things) solutions that serve properties and help make them more comfortable and functional. The Internet of Things is the future of automated building systems, and Are leads the way in its development and varied use.
KNX and DALI systems
Are uses the international KNX property automation standard to make commercial properties as energy-efficient, flexible and pleasant to use as possible. We offer services related to the design, installation, programming and maintenance of KNX automation and control systems across the country. Their application areas include lighting, cooling, air conditioning, fire and burglar alarms, audio and image systems, energy management and control, metering and control room applications.
KNX standard products can be used to create a control system that meets the needs of the property and can be further developed on a virtually unlimited basis. KNX is a highly flexible system that is easy to modify and expand post-installation. DALI is a digital lighting control system. It is a common connection standard that lends itself not only to lighting, but also to other property automation. The Helvar DIGIDIM routing system can be used to design comprehensive solutions where technical building systems – such as lighting, ventilation, heating, cooling and curtains – can be operated as a whole. Are designs, implements, programs and maintains Helvar DIGIDIM systems.


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How to avoid plagiarism in your own work
Earlier in the week I discussed the row over Melania Trump's speech and the similarity of some content to the words of Michelle Obama eight years previously. Both sections highlighted specific values and attributes each of the women is said to consider important. How then did Melania Trump's debut speech to such a major event end up being so poorly managed? Many have pointed the finger at lazy/inexperienced campaign staff who managed to ignore the first rule of credible journalism – either cite your sources or keep it strictly original. Indeed one of the Trump speechwriting team has duly owned up. So how can we avoid the many thorny issues surounding plagiarism in our own work from day to day?
Be aware of the rules. In Academia this is an issue you'll be confronted with from the outset of your studies, a clear set of rules that you will be expected to adhere to at all times will be swiftly issued, and a sharp penalty incurred if you fail or forget to do so. Let's review a few of these. The cardinal rules for written (or any format) submissions are:
1. Paraphrase! Paraphrase! Paraphrase!
If you use more than two consecutive words from somebody else's work it's considered plagiarism. Don't do it. It's not just Turnitin you have to fear, the online bots pick it up too. Read the source material you have been advised to acquire then give yourself time to absorb and render it in your own words keeping it strictly original. Otherwise
2. Use quotations
Higher learning institutions frown on 'block quotes' of more than 40 words so keep it short! You are expected to be able to paraphrase most jargon by the time you are considered 'proficient' in an area or discipline.
3. Cite your sources
Important, not just for the sake of intellectual rigour and cross-referencing but also to the creation and maintenance of accurate databases and the ability to 'check stuff'. Make sure you cite your sources accurately as well.
See here for more info
Think of your work as your own personal, intellectual property from the outset and the rules will remain clear cut. If you said it, it's probably yours – although it's also probably worthwhile to run it through a plagiarism check just to be absolutely sure it's not somebody else's. Applying these rules to all commercial areas where intellectual property rights reside with the creator, be it speechwriting, short stories, songs, web content, video or game footage, will ensure it'll all work out just fine.
It's also wise to also avoid the trap of those meme-like utterances that explode onto social media every now and then. I'm breaking my own rule by doing it here – but it's just this once, by way of illustration – honest.
I want my country back!
Is a recent prime example. This utterance, with all its undertones of entitlement and privilege for a particular racial group began being uttered by hitherto, wholly reasonable individuals a few weeks before the EU Referendum in the UK and continues unabashed across Donald Trump's America while the rest of the world swithers between squaring up to the problem and sticking its fingers in its ears. If a phrase gets too popular and opens itself to analysis and the kind of scrutiny we would perhaps wish to avoid if we'd really thought about what we were saying in the first place, it could also open up a can of worms regarding sources. Definitely don't say something because lots of other people are saying it.
A second less inflammatory utterance that I came across at around the same time,
I can' t even (followed by three imaginary dots)
was genuinely funny the first time I read it on a Facebook response to some horrible, unthinking racist remark. The idea of someone being so angry or shocked they were unable to finish their sentence started my day off with a chuckle. It became less funny at a rate of knots as it continued to appear throughout the day in a series of less inflammatory exchanges; eventually giving the impression of the poster as somebody ill-tempered and lacking in imagination. Overuse of any phrase, even the most eloquent, diminishes its power eventually and it could also leave you more susceptible to bouts of unintentional plagiarism – so avoid cliches or everybody's favourite meme of the moment with all the stoic resistance you can muster.
Pay attention to your work: catalogue and curate your own library collection. Get to know and trust your own 'voice' – your vocal or visual imprint – pay attention when your eyes and ears tell you that something is 'off'. Likewise, follow others you admire and whose work can enrich your own, paying homage to them in any small way you are able. Just remember what the rules are and – yes – feel free to use the plagiarism checker (see below).
This post has checked out as 100% unique and plagiarism free. Not bad 😉
Next time we'll look at ways to keep our words flowing fresh


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Kirkuk (IraqiNews.com) Iraqi security troops have killed an Islamic State member, in charge of shooting videos for the group in Kirkuk, intelligence sources from the province said on Wednesday.
Speaking to Shafaq News, the sources said security troops managed in an operation to kill a militant tasked with shooting videos for Islamic State, known as Abu Mariam al-Iraqi, who is the group's media official in Kirkuk. The operation was carried out, based on accurate intelligence information about his presence in one of the villages in Kirkuk.
Security troops confiscated several computers and videos for Islamic State at the place, where abu Mariam was killed, according to the sources.
On Tuesday, residents of a village, south of Kirkuk, managed to blow up one of the prominent Islamic State leaders, known as Mulla Nuzad al-Jawali, as they were cooperating with mobilization forces. He was one of the leaders of the front line at the group's military council. He worked along with other leaders who carry out abduction and attacks against villages and roads.
Thousands of Islamic State militants as well as Iraqi civilians were killed since the government campaign, backed by paramilitary troops and the coalition was launched in October 2016 to fight the militant group, which declared a self-styled "caliphate" from Mosul in June 2014.
In December, the Iraqi Prime Minister Haidar al-Abadi announced gaining control on all the territories that were captured by Islamic State, since 2014. However, the group still has dormant cells, through which it carries out attacks, across Iraq like it used to do before 2014.


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Welcome to Walkden Windows & Conservatories
Walkden Windows & Conservatories is a company that deals with you direct. No salesman will call. You will only deal with the fitter himself.
The director of the company, Tom Baker is also the main fitter and he has been a part of the building trade for over 20 years now. He has provided only the best service to his previous customers over the years and this will carry on with his future customers. As there is no third party involved you will be able to present your own ideas to him and therefore get the service you desire.
- Doors.
- Windows.
- Conservatories.
- Patio / French Windows.
Please feel free to browse through our site at the products and services
we give and sell. And don't hesitate to contact us with any enquiry
that you may have. All our details are given on the contact
us page.


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I am using the below mentioned code to get the file names of images according to their id's from images_1 text file as strings and use them to read the images from their directory
for image_count=1:6
file=fopen('D:\Academics\New folder\CUB_200_2011\images_1.txt','r');
C = textscan(file, '%s');
original_image=imread('D:\Academics\New folder\CUB_200_2011\images\%s','C{1}{2*(image_count)}');
I am able to get the file name but not able to use it. This code shows the following error-
'File "D:\Academics\New folder\CUB_200_2011\images\%s" does not exist.
I am a bit new to matlab, can anyone please help me.


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A gunman opened fire overnight in a Southern California bar and country music venue. The Ventura County sheriff said the bar was crowded with more than 100 people, many of them college students. The gunman, who hasn't been identified "Middle Eastern' appearance opens fire at bar in Thousand Oaks, California. …Read More »
Washington, DC: The artist whom President Obama chose to paint his official portrait had painted black women decapitating white women in the past.
The artist whom President Obama chose to paint his official portrait had painted black women decapitating white women in the past. As is the custom for American presidents who have recently left office, on Monday, Barack and his wife, Michelle, presented their official portraits at the National Portrait Gallery in …Read More »
Winter Olympics 2018: The US Olympic Committee (USOC) regrets that its athletes are "still too white."
USOC officials are pleased that their current delegation includes more African-Americans and Asian-Americans than any previous one – and even the first two openly gay But they also recognize that this year's US Olympic team is still overwhelmingly white. "It's not enough yet," said Jason Thompson, Director of Diversity and …Read More »
Pyongyang (North Korea): Pyongyang has recently announced negotiations with the South
Pyongyang has recently announced negotiations with the South, has called for joint participation with the South in the Olympics, and has even mentioned the possibility of reunification. Their new position was viewed with surprise by the international community. This sudden change is not a first in history. Whenever the situation …Read More »
Starbucks Set to Hire 2,500 Refugees in Europe
U.S. coffee chain Starbucks Corp said Tuesday it will hire 2,500 refugees in Europe as part of a wider worldwide hiring plan, months after the policy prompted a backlash from some customers. The world's largest coffee chain said it would hire the refugees at its European stores starting in eight …Read More »
Trump's immigration raids continue: 600 illegal aliens are arrested in a week leading undocumented people to fear they could be next
Via the Daily Mail – Immigration and Customs Enforcement officers conducted a series of raids The 'routine' operations mainly targeted those with criminal convictions Trump said removal of immigrants was in keeping with his campaign promise Undocumented migrants say they live in fear the raids will 'tear families apart' …Read More »
Trump's migrant crackdown
"Build the wall!" was only a part of President Trump migratory policy. Donald Trump has ordered his new administration to publish a weekly list of crimes committed by immigrants. The US President's sweeping new executive order on immigration, which he signed on the fifth day of his presidency, includes a paragraph mandating the Secretary …Read More »
George Soros and Mastercard Inc. will partner to aid migrants, refugees
Via Reuters – Billionaire investor George Soros will partner with Mastercard Inc on a venture they said could help migrants, refugees and others struggling within their communities worldwide to improve their economic and social status. The partnership, Humanity Ventures, stems from a pledge Soros made in September to earmark up to …Read More »
The West Is Finally Fighting Back against Militant Islam
General Michael Flynn has been offered the post of national security adviser in Donald Trump's administration. Flynn is a senior intelligence officer and during the election campaign he was vociferous in his denunciation of Hillary Clinton, even leading the chants for her to be locked up. He is also a …Read More »
Donald Trump: migrants could be ''all time great Trojan Horse''
Washington, D.C. — Republican Presidential candidate Donald Trump declared at the Value Voters Summit on Friday that the migrant crisis from the Middle East and North Africa could be the "all-time great Trojan Horse." Speaking to a crowd of mostly Christian, Republican activists at the Omni Shoreham Hotel, he rattled …Read More »


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Entire house
6 guests3 bedrooms5 beds4 baths
6 guests
3 bedrooms
5 beds
4 baths
Jonny is a Superhost
Superhosts are experienced, highly rated hosts who are committed to providing great stays for guests.
Self check-in
Check yourself in with the lockbox.
Situated on .5 acres, our Hideaway is surrounded by a lush, green rainforest. Walk out the front door and you are a 1-minute walk away from the sand and surf of Chesterman Beach. Upstairs features three studio suites, each with their own spacious bathroom, gas fireplace, TV and coffee station. The main floor has a full kitchen, dining room, extra bathroom, office and living room with a wood burning fireplace plus a back deck with a BBQ area and a laundry room with full facilities!
Cable TV
Indoor fireplace
Entire place
You'll have the space to yourself and will only share it with those you're travelling with.
Sleeping arrangements
Bedroom 1
1 queen bed
Bedroom 2
1 queen bed
Bedroom 3
1 queen bed
Common spaces
3 sofa beds
1 Review
Jonny is a SuperhostSuperhosts are experienced, highly rated hosts who are committed to providing great stays for guests.
My name is Jonny Jenkins, and my fiancé, Heidi Fifield and I have recently purchased the property and are so excited for this new opportunity. We can't wait to share all that this beautiful location has to offer. To quickly share a little about ourselves, we are both…
Interaction with guests
We are happy to greet you and show you around your home away from home! After that we are just a phone call/text/email away for all of your needs
Response rate: 100%
Response time: within a few hours
Always communicate through AirbnbTo protect your payment, never transfer money or communicate outside of the Airbnb website or app.
The neighborhood
Things to keep in mind
Check-in: 4PM–12AM (midnight)
Checkout: 11AM
Self check-in with lockbox
Check-in4PM–12AM (midnight)
House Rules
- No parties or events
- Pets are allowed
- Smoking is allowed
Things to do nearby
Explore other options in and around Tofino
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What is Sade Sati ? How to get rid of its effects ?
What is Shani Sade Sati?
the belief is When Saturn transits through the 12th, 1st, and 2nd house from your natal moon,
this is termed Sade-sati. and this will give more problems in your life.
planet Saturn takes 2 ½ years to pass through each sign, its passing through 3 signs make it 7 ½ years. Sade means
What happens when sade sati presents.
most unproper things will happen when sade sati is present. specially always mental tension
not interested in life, all the works you do becomes fail, relation wise problems too much bad accidents in the life, a person faces unbelievable problems when is passing though sade sati periods. his all relation would be biggest problems. he loses all the money unsettle in the life,
when sade sati is present you required best astrologist for that beware not everybody can solve your sade sati problems.
see this link if you have sade sathi problems are any other planets effects,
open this link,
and scroll it down video is in down side of this page.
do not get confuse.
here is the link
1 answer
An astrologer can be able to say if saturn is in 2, 5, 8, 12 of your horoscope. Nothing strikes bigger apprehension more then sade-sati of Shani maharaj as Saturn seems to be "warmly" known in India!
Through the indefatigable endeavors of "present day" jyotishis, in light of the quantity of inquiries I get through web-entries, kalasarpa yoga, sarpa yoga, mangal dosha are picking up a ton of ground and quickly in the coliseum of trepidation bringing on celestial markers! I am not attempting to minimize the potential negative impact of these elements when these are in full influence, however it would be similarly rash not to bring up that the cynicism is not unrestricted and should not be connected aimlessly in any graphs in astrology.
While I am not for sugar-covering and pussy-balance around negative signs (as is finished by some cutting edge astrologers who turn their noses at any types of arcane 'melancholy and fate' astrology), however I am significantly all the more firmly against increasing and over-responding to all that is possibly negative yet difficult in ones life. With this guideline managing me, I would like to center in an adjusted way on the wonder of sade-sati. Remedies prescribed by astrologer. What Sade Sati come, it re-shines you as a man and transforms you into gold towards the end. Despite the fact that a great many people lose a relative amid this time or face heaps of mischances, this is a direct result of your past life karmas. How great or awful are your past life karmas were, will indicate how great or awful your Sade Sati will be in this life.
The past life is judge through the position of Saturn, Rahu and Ketu, including your 'Moon Sign Chart'. I say this on the grounds that not everybody experiences considerable difficulties Sade Sati, some exceed expectations to new statures, contingent on how very much put their moon is. What are the cures however for Sade Sati? The one cure i will instruct you to keep away from is wearing the iron ring in your center finger. This will accomplish more damage than great as it will trigger Saturn. You are playing with 4.5 billion year old vitality that needs to show you a lesson for your own particular advantage, yet here you are, attempting to dodge it with a moronic ring. Avoid gemstones and these sort or cures, they will cost you more than the arrival. Sade-sati speaks the truth ones obligations and fitting release of those and it speaks the truth ones dharma. It frequently makes its impact known through its effect on our "good fortune" or our departure cradle. This is the benefic store that we appreciate through our past great activities.
The navamsha outline which gives an imperative foundation of our predetermination (ninth house) has legitimately been suggested as the auxiliary diagram by numerous jyotishis, old and consequent. It holds a vital part in the impacts' determination amid the sade-sati of Saturn. Truth be told it characterizes the limits of sade-sati. In spite of the fact that it is ostensibly considered to extend more than 7.5 years while Saturn travels the three houses around ones natal moon (twelfth, first and second from natal moon), the discriminating center is the point at which it makes two cycles around the navamsha diagram, and contacts the natal moon in navamsha, thrice. Sade-sati, in this plan starts when Saturn enters the navamsha possessed by the natal moon while it is behind the moon (for the most part around 40-43 degrees behind the natal moon in rashi). Throughout the following quite a while, it circumvents the 12 signs in navamsha and contacts the moon once more, and afterward another cycle and it leaves the moon-navamsha. Saturn's impact starts with the first contact and closures with the third contact with natal moon in navamsha. Saturn stays in one navamsha sign for roughly 3.3 months.
Amid the two cycles, it goes through 24 navamshas in around 6.5 years. This is the center length of time of the period amid which the 'sade-sati' impact is experienced. Amid its travel through the navamshas, it contacts different planets and impacts the regions and qualities spoke to by those. These must be considered when deciding the course of sade-sati in a horoscope and amid a perusing. Amid this period, if travel Saturn reaches natal Saturn, natal blemishes or natal rahu, the negative impacts if unchecked can be experienced and these are additionally the periods when ones clarity of vision and intuition may be traded off. Then again, when travel Saturn goes over natal benefics, a sure level of alleviation may be knowledgeable about an adjustment in observation and understanding. These are times for starting otherworldly exercises with a go for enhanced profound comprehension and not only to escape from agony and inconveniences. As usual, it is important to gage the benefic condition of those planet in individual diagrams and one must not run with a turn upward table like methodology. One must not indiscriminately relate good astrologer readings with a given blend as sadly is likewise done in generally worshipped and important antiquated writings in jyotish. Without keeping into connection whatever remains of the particular horoscope, exhortation rendered in light of early elucidation of blends (yogas and arishtas) can be not exactly helpful and notwithstanding deceptive.


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Another "lonely" Valentine's Day, but I am getting such an old hand at this that I know how to deal with it. At this point in my life, it hardly matters. This year, I am dealing with it by watching Broadway HD's live performance of 'Holiday Inn,' the 'new' Irving Berlin musical. This production by the Roundabout Theater Company opened in October 6, 2016, and played until January 15, 2017, presumably to take advantage of the Holday season. Directed by Gordon Greenberg, with a libretto by him and Chad Hodge, the show is based on the 1942 movie starring Bing Crosby and Fred Astaire.
I guess I chose to see this today because I think Irvign Berlin wrote some of the most romantic songs of my lifetime, and when hard-pressed, I always say he is my favorite of all the Standards composers. And this show is chock full of them, and they are interpolated int he story nice enough. The show is of the let's-put-a-show-on-the-barn variety, and in these modern cynical times, I can see how it cannot be accepted with a straight face. But I am an old-fashioned hopeless romantic, so I really appreciated this show, even as the 'critic' in me acknowledges it creaky book. However, you cannot doubt the fantastic performances here, starting with Bryce Pinkham as Jim Hardy. Linda Mason exuded nice leading lady charm, but I was most impressed by Corbin Bleu, who I know was in the High School Musical series. He dances with great flair, and has that rare 'star quality.' Denis Jones' choreography is fantastic, with its old fashioned charm, and I know some critic complained that there were too many tap numbers here. I didn't mind, and even said bring it on!
To make things topical, the show pairs one of my favorite Berlin numbers, 'Be Careful It's My Heart,' with today's holiday, and it's a moist match. Yes, we can shunt he romance because we have to sometimes, but we can also embrace it, and for one brief song moment tonight, I felt in love – with the scene, with the song, with the holiday. The show brought that to me, and it made that moment for me a funny valentine.


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How to make your own Vintage Jewellery Packaging – Because it is so much nicer than new packaging
When I sell a piece of jewellery in my online store I always 'gift wrap' it before posting. There are some lovely packaging options out there that you can buy new, however, I like to make my own packaging. Many of my pieces incorporate vintage beads or cabochons and others are created in a vintage inspired style so brand new packaging just doesn't suit my brand. As a buyer, I love to receive items in the mail that are packaged beautifully so I carry this through to my own business and ensure that my package and presentation are just right. And I feel the best way to do this and still represent my brand well is to use vintage paper. I seek out old music sheets, old magazines and old books and use these pages to create my own packaging. To display a pair of earrings ready for packaging I cut a piece of music sheet slightly longer than the earrings I want to display. You can cut the piece of paper into any shape you like but I find if I am working with longer dangle earrings a simple rectangle shape works best, however, studs are smaller so you could try a heart shape or a cloud shape. Place the earrings on the paper and work out the best placement for each of them and then use the ear wire on the earring to pierce a hole in the paper and then thread the ear wire through. Repeat with the second earring and your display is complete. I do a similar thing for rings however, I punch a hole near the corner using a hole punch, thread a piece of ribbon through the hole and tie the ring in place. This works well for rings that don't have a stone or any pieces that stick up. The next part of my packaging is a little pocket envelope that I put the piece into. They are super easy to make, are just the right size for my jewellery and you can make them out of any paper you like. I use old magazines and books because it not only adds to the vintage feel and reinforces my brand but they look cute and are a real one of a kind. To make the envelope, choose the paper you would like to use and grab a pencil, some scissors, some glue, a ruler and a template. There are plenty of templates on the web or you can peel apart a money envelope and use that as your template. Place your template on the area of the page that you would like to cut out and trace around it with a pencil. Sometimes I will try to get as many envelopes from a page as possible but other times I might choose a specific part of the page which I think is quirky or appropriate for the item that is being packaged. Now cut that baby out and grab your glue stick. Decide which is to be the outside and which is to be the inside. Once you have decided which side is the inside rule a line at the bottom of the flap where it meets the rest of the envelope. Do this for all four flaps. The ruled line provides a folding line for the flaps. Fold one side flap in and then fold the other one so it overlaps. Put some glue on the seam and press down. Now fold the bottom flap up, glue the seam and press down. You should now have the cutest little envelope <3 Now parcel up those goodies, sprinkle them with fairy dust and send them on their way. Don't die with the creativity left in you ~ Leanne


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Director Peter Berg has never felt the need to hide his right-leaning political posturing in his movies, smuggling an "America First" agenda into the rampant machismo that characterizes films like Lone Survivor and Patriot's Day. In that capacity, it makes perfect sense why Mark Wahlberg, former underwear model and total A-list douchenozzle, has become his muse and spirit animal – the man is a walking, talking knucklehead who in the public sphere embodies the ideals of shoot first and ask questions later, often making blustery claims about love of country and God above all else, spinning himself into this or that controversy for not being able to keep his trap shut.
In the abominable Mile 22, Berg reveals a film that's little more than a false flag for government overreach. It's both propagandist and an ugly display of violence for violence's sake. Worse yet, it's simply a bad action movie. Stuffed to the gills with blustery nationalist dog-whistling nonsense, the script from first-timer Lea Carpenter is filled with faux-badass babble, monologuing doctrine about security and risk and sacrifice and love of country that you'd need an Alex Jonsian Rosetta Stone to dechiper what in the hell it's all actually supposed to mean. Berg can barely put an action scene on the screen without splicing in Wahlberg's unbearable James Silva delivering a head-scratching screed about balance and world order and blah-blah-fucking-blah.
Silva represents every bad impulse Wahlberg has as an actor and embodying the psychopathic elite tactician, Wahlberg drowns. He's quite simply unwatchable in the role; yelling, preaching, and lecturing at anyone unfortunate enough to cross his path. As a de-facto team leader of a top-secret tactical command unit known as Overwatch, Silva has both a license to kill and a desire to do so. Overwatch is made up of Silva, Alice (Lauren Cohan, who is solid enough in her underwritten role), Sam (MMA princess Ronda Rousey, almost decent) and William (Carlo Alban, meh) and the film has no idea how to create a shred of camaraderie between its ragtag team of super-killers.
If the Fast and Furious crew is all about family and the deep bonds that bind, Mile 22 is its antithesis. Firstly, it's no fun. More importantly, these characters are nothing but trigger-happy guns for hire. They have no personality traits, make no choices, do nothing of interest. They are anti-characters defined just as much by the guns they wield than the words they say. There is nothing teetering these individuals together save a need to accomplish the mission, all which serves to make their shoot-outs feel hollow and without stakes. It doesn't help that there is basically no story – special unit must escort asset to safe zone – and that the story that is there is patched together with bad action-movie instincts and Wahlberg's wholly-punchable face.
The should-be down and dirty, triple-crossing thriller feels like a C-level understudy of Aaron Sorkin decided to write a Pro-America rant of an actioner, one that hates brown people, loves Budweiser, and thinks a bullet to the face is appropriate justice in just about any situation. From early on, the movie adopts an incessantly talky, didactic approach to its storytelling that feels not unlike being shouted at by a drunk grandpa over an increasingly awkward family dinner. Even ignoring all the political hooey and alpha-male bluster, Mile 22 fails spectacularly as an action movie because it clips its greatest asset, co-star and fight choreographer Iko Uwasi (The Raid), in awe-inducing fashion. The editing from Melissa Lawson Cheung and Colby Parker Jr. is among the worst I've seen in a modern action movie, with shots often lingering less than a second before hurriedly shifting to what's next.
What's the point of hiring one of the world's finest fight choreographer (Uwais) if you're going to clip his action scenes to all hell? The editing is pure seizuremania, the cuts so frequent and so unwieldy that what is actually happening can be difficult to decipher in any given moment. What could have been punchy close-quarters fisticuffs becomes a scrabble of arms, legs, and muzzle flashes. There are a few bone-crunching punch-outs that give the movie a shot of adrenaline but even then, one can't stop to think how they would have worked infinitely better as long, sustained takes, which we know full well Uwais is capable of staging.
Uwais, who plays a highly-skilled police officer with key information regarding atomic weaponry, is the movie's easy highlight even though character-wise, he's just another cog in the wheel of this tremendously lame storytelling. Thankfully, there are moments where his physical wizardry makes one forget the nightmare onscreen – particularly a hospital scene staged between honest-to-God martial artists – but they are few and far between.
In some horribly misguided attempt to set up an Overwatch franchise, Mile 22 ends up being really only half a movie, with major stones left unturned, key character's fates left unknown and the main thrust of the movie left completely unresolved. When the credits rolled, the row of people unfortunate enough to have watched this exploded in a riot of WTF? At 95 minutes, Mile 22 feels like an exacerbated crew quitting mid-movie and I totally understand why they might do is. The thing is an unmitigated disaster of misguided patriotism and nihilistic boom-boom that's seemingly working against itself at every opportunity. It's a field guide for making awful action cinema. Epic fail.
CONCLUSION: 'Mile 22' is a milestone for tone-deaf propaganda action cinema, haphazardly aggrandizing violence and "America first" policies in this shrieky MAGA hat of a movie. Mark Wahlberg is insufferable in the lead role and even Iko Uwais' impressive fight choreography is choppily edited into ravaged smithereens. It's the worst movie I've seen in 2018.
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C. Mueller, M.L. Rowe, and B. Zuckerman (2017). JAMA Pediatrics. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.5160.Read More
Going Beyond Input Quantity: Wh-Questions Matter for Toddlers' Language and Cognitive Development→/
M.L. Rowe, K.A. Leech, and N. Cabrera (2017). Cognitive Science, 41, 162-179.Read More
Word Gap Redux: Developmental Sequence and Quality→/
M.L. Rowe and B. Zuckerman (2016). JAMA Pediatrics, 170(9), 827-828.Read More
Variations in the Recruitment of Syntactic Knowledge Contribute to SES Differences in Children's Syntactic Development→/
K.A. Leech, M.L. Rowe, and Y.T. Huang (2016). Journal of Child Language. DOI:10.1017/S0305000916000210.Read More
Perceived Communicative Intent in Gesture and Language Modulates the Superior Temporal Sulcus→/
E. Redcay, K. Velnoskey, and M.L. Rowe (2016). Human Brain Mapping. DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23251.Read More
Semantic Development/
P. Uccelli and M.L. Rowe (2016). In J. Berko-Gleason & N. B. Ratner (Eds). The Development of Language, 9th edition. Pearson.Read More
Parental Involvement and Children's Motivation and Achievement: A Domain Specific Perspective/
M.L. Rowe, G. Ramani, and E. Pomerantz (2016). In K. Wentzel & D. Miele (Eds.) Handbook on Motivation at School. New York, NY: Routledge.Read More
Input and Uptake at 7 Months Predicts Toddler Vocabulary: The Role of Child-Directed-Speech and Infant Processing Skills in Language Development→/
R. Newman, M. L. Rowe, and N. B. Ratner (2016). Journal of Child Language, 43, 1158-1173.Read More
The Role of Parent Education and Parenting Knowledge in Children's Language and Literacy Skills Among White, Black, and Latino American Families→/
M.L. Rowe, N. Denmark, B. Jones Harden, and L. Stapleton (2016). Infant and Child Development, 25, 198-220.Read More
Low-Income Fathers' Speech to Toddlers During Book Reading Versus Toy Play→/
V.S. Salo, M.L. Rowe, K.A. Leech, and N.J. Cabrera (2016). Journal of Child Language, 43, 1385-1399.Read More
Parent Beliefs About the Fixedness of Ability→/
K. Meunks, D. Miele, G.B. Ramani, L. Stapleton, and M.L. Rowe (2015). Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 41, 78-89.Read More
Non-Word Repetition in Two-Year-Olds: Replication of an Adapted Paradigm and a Useful Methodological Extension/
C. Torrington Eaton, R. Newman, N.B. Ratner, and M.L. Rowe (2015). Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 29, 523-535.Read More
Input Versus Intake: A Commentary on Ambridge, Kidd, Rowland and Theakson's "The Ubiquity of Frequency Effects in First Language Acquisition"→/
M.L. Rowe (2015). Journal of Child Language, 42, 301-305.Read More
Vocabulary, Syntax, and Narrative Development in Typically Developing Children and Children with Early Unilateral Brain Injury: Early Parental Talk About the "There-and-Then" Matters→/
E. Demir, M.L. Rowe, G. Heller, S. Goldin-Meadow, and S. Levine (2015). Developmental Psychology, 51, 161-175.Read More
Math Talk During Informal Learning Activities in Head Start Families→/
G.B. Ramani, M.L. Rowe, S.E. Eason, and K.A. Leech (2015). Cognitive Development, 35, 15-33.Read More
Low-Income Minority Mothers' and Fathers' Reading and Children's Interest: Longitudinal Contributions to Children's Receptive Vocabulary Skills→/
J. Malin, N.J. Cabrera, and M.L. Rowe (2014). Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 29, 425-432.Read More
Low-Income, Minority Fathers' Control Strategies and Their Children's Regulatory Skills→/
J.L. Malin, N.J. Cabrera, E. Karberg, D. Aldoney, and M.L. Rowe (2014). Infant Mental Health Journal, 35 (5), 462–472.Read More
A Comparison of Preschool Children's Discussions With Parents During Picture Book and Chapter Book Reading→/
K.A. Leech and M.L. Rowe (2014). First Language, 34, 205-226.Read More
Child Directed Speech: Effects of Variation in Quality→/
M.L. Rowe and V. Salo (2014). In P. Brooks & V. Kempe (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Language Development. SAGE reference. Thousand Oaks, CA.Read More
Father Input and Child Vocabulary Development: The Importance of Wh Questions and Clarification Requests→/
K.A. Leech, V. Salo, M. Rowe, and N. Cabrera (2013). Seminars in Speech and Language, 34, 249-259.Read More


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Project Type: Google Street View
Category: Dental Clinic and Cafe
No. of Panoramas: 20
Dental Clinics are great locations to showcase with Google Street View as each practice has a unique feel and range of facilities and services that can attract a focused clientele. An enhanced visual presence on Google with a virtual walkthrough also helps confirm the legitimacy and professionalism of the practice.


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Senior Editor
Much like the multi-layered benefits from greater off-lease volume for KAR Auction Services, the company's recent purchase of STRATIM has several prongs of opportunity. KAR announced in early February that it had purchased STRATIM, a mobility and fleet management software company.
It's a move that gives KAR a strong foothold in the world of on-demand car- and ride-sharing services, urban commute providers and autonomous vehicles — a world in which many of KAR's customers already take part.
KAR chief executive officer Jim Hallett and chief financial officer Eric Loughmiller addressed that and more with AuSM by phone last week, shortly after the company conducted its fourth-quarter and full-year 2017 earnings call.
'Connecting a very fragmented supplier base'
Through real-time data and predictive analytics, STRATIM's software digitizes fleet management and helps streamline operations for mobility service providers, KAR said in a news release announcing the purchase earlier this month.
So, for instance, a fleet owner can use the company's automated vendor management platform to onboard, manage, service, dispatch and pay vendors.
STRATIM, which has a presence in 25 cities throughout North America, has processed service transactions for several leading mobility service providers and automakers.
And its customers include many who are already working with KAR in other capacities.
As far as how STRATIM fits in to KAR's enterprise, the company will be a part of KAR's digital services group. That group, which is led by KAR's Peter Kelly, includes various software-as-a-service platforms that KAR has implemented into their end-to-end remarketing offering, such as an asset like the CarsArrive Network.
"These are platforms that connect our customer base with a very fragmented supplier base," KAR chief operating officer and chief strategy officer Don Gottwald said in a phone interview with AuSM shortly after the purchase.
"In the case of STRATIM, that's what they do — they have these fleet owners that are in ride-sharing and car-sharing and other parts of the shared mobility segment and supplier bases that are bringing services necessary to optimize the uptime and the use of those fleets.
"We do that type of thing with CarsArrive between those that have cars to ship and those who have the ability to ship them — trucks," Gottwald said. "We do that with our Recovery Database Network, or RDN, platform. So, STRATIM fits nicely in the type of assets that we're used to running and growing and scaling."
Providing service within a transaction
STRATIM offers "a marketplace of suppliers" to help mobility fleet operators manage their fleets more effectively, Gottwald explained.
So that gives KAR opportunities on the front and back ends of the fleet process.
For instance, some of those could come as the cars are entering the mobility fleets, with things like installing various technologies on the car. And on the back end, it may be removing that technology when the car is de-fleeted and then selling the vehicle.
Other tasks that might include things like cutting keys, fixing dents, sale preparation and shipping – all of which KAR could provide to companies with mobility fleets.
"So, it's continuous service levels," Hallett told AuSM.
He added: "A lot of these vehicles require repositioning and you need to rebalance the fleet in terms of how it's located throughout an urban area. You need to gas these cars. The services go on and on. That's really what STRATIM does."
The approach is similar to many of the entities within KAR, which are service providers between the two parties of a transaction.
"When we look at our business, we have got some businesses that have had great platforms for us to drive revenue out of transactions between two parties, not including us," Loughmiller said in the phone interview.
An example would be the Recovery Database Network, which goes between the lender and repo agent when a loan goes south and the car needs to be repossessed.
Or check out CarsArrive, which goes between the shipper and logistics company, Loughmiller said.
"We were pleasantly surprised when we bought OPENLANE that these assets were included," Loughmiller said, referring to KAR's 2011 purchase of the online remarketing platform.
"At that time, we didn't fully understand the power of it, in terms of generating revenue off of these transactions," he said. "We've learned and now we're looking for more platform plays like that and STRATIM is one of them."
Early reach into mobility
And KAR is pleased to have gotten into the ridesharing and car-sharing segment of mobility early.
"With that (STRATIM) customer base, we've established a trusted relationship. If we can be in the market early, we think that they will want to deal with a company with our substantial capital and the ability to provide those services, versus what's becoming an entrepreneurial industry, where there's a lot of people out there with their last dollar on the line trying to make it work," Loughmiller said.
"And so we think it's a chance for us to play – play aggressively early on but use our trusted adviser role with them," he said.


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The Horseshoe Gang and BeatStars have joined forces to find the next up-and-coming super producer as part of a new contest. Contestants are tasked with remixing the group's song Praying To Get Dissed from their new EP Knocking On Rap's Door. The Grand Prize winner is to be hand selected by the Shoe Gang will have their remix played on SiriusXM Shade 45's Wake Up Show with Sway and Tech. Readers who are interested in learning more about the contest and think that they have what it takes can visit BeatStars.com for additional information.
Follow: @HorseshoeGang | @BeatStars
NOTE: This post was created on an earlier version of The Boss Board and may not display as intended.


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We're getting closer to the official opening of the 2018 King of the Hammers. Marking the occasion as it has for the past eight years is the KOH Pre-Show at 4 Wheel Parts in Compton, CA. The KOH Pre-Show is where drivers and fans learn the last-minute details for the Ultimate One-Day Race before everyone […]Read More
It's grown from a group of 12 guys out in the middle of the desert to a literal tent city. The Ultra4 Racing King of the Hammers is the off-road experience you can't miss out on. With the 2018 Nitto Tires King of the Hammers powered by Optima Batteries only six weeks away, we've decided […]Read More


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