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Ten Letters from Kibera
Below are a series of letters written by one of our School of Hope students.
There are many threats to our lives in the slums which can be traumatizing however one of the most feared, especially in the Summer months is that of fire. This is feared as it can take out whole communities within a hour or two and this is because of a lack of space and tiny houses made of corrugated iron, mud and timber all crammed together with only narrow alleyways separating them. Shacks are constantly liable to fire due to faulty electrical connections often illegal and also due to the problem of open charcoal stoves in the corner of the shack. Each shack can be the living space for 5, 6 or more people and when fire strikes many people can lose their homes. Recently there was a fire just near my shack. Due to the lack of space the fire fighters when they eventually arrived couldn't do much to help or rescue many of the inhabitants so some people died in the fire and many lost their properties and had to spend the night in the streets. Some of the churches and mosques put up some of them. The fire started at around 8:30pm at night which made it hard for the neighbour's to come to help because of security reasons. The fire was eventually subdued at around midnight but the damage to property was enormous
Incidents like this can have huge consequences on people. No-one is insured due to unaffordability and subsequently many students have dropped out of school because everything they had was burnt down and their parents have to start from scratch again so they have to work to take care of food and shelter before considering the luxury of school.
Below are some pictures showing hundreds of shanties burnt down and people checking the remains of the fire.
Laini Saba is a locality in the slum of Kibera. This is where I was brought up and is the basis for much of what I know of this world. It is a densely populated area which has no race or ethnical issues since the place has people from diverse background. Here I meet people that I grew up with becoming close friends to most of the girls and also some boys. We used to play around in our childhood totally carefree but most of these people especially the girls are now mothers to several kids.
There are different incidents that I know of and will share just one of these stories with you as it is a touching story about a girl called Nancy. She was my friend in primary school and although we were not that close, she was well known in the school for her courage. Unfortunately, she got involved with a young boy who was a school drop out and also a thief. The boy used to give her presents that she would never have been able to normally afford and soon they became intimate. The girl was so in love with the boy that by the age of 14 she became pregnant. She then took her exams almost nine months pregnant when we where in class eight finishing our primary school level certificate. After several weeks the boyfriend, the supposed husband was burned to death for robbery with a tyre necklace with petrol placed over his head. The emotion of this made her so physically weak, depressed and emotionally unstable that she decided to get involved with another man almost as a comfort and for security. Within another nine months she had given birth to another child belonging to her second boyfriend. Since she was not employed and had not completed her education she was staying at home with her two children waiting for the boyfriend to provide everything. The boyfriend became tired of her and started violating her; beating her black and blue every now and then and abusing her but she had no where to go to so she just stuck around and soon gave birth to a third child by the age of 16. In no time the boyfriend forced her out of the house so she was left to fend for herself and her children in the streets. She had no surviving family as her mother had died and her father had gone away so she started selling herself to provide for her children and herself and in no time she contracted the HIV Aids virus. She slept carelessly to make money for the pain she felt, not minding who she slept with but just to earn money.
Nancy, a mother of three is now living/dying with HIV Aids, her children have been removed from her and taken to an orphanage and she is now on her death bed counting her remaining days.
This is just one story about a girl, one of many in my slum settlement, about teenage pregnancy and the effect that it has on teenage girls who do not have the means of earning a living by not having a complete education. If Nancy had achieved an education she would have been free to make better life choices.
This is written by a girl who advanced from one of our "Schools of Hope" to College in Nairobi and is now studying Community Development.
The first advice I will give you when you visit me in the slum is – do not be sick while you are here. You must stay healthy, otherwise you will know trouble like you never have before.
I know you will not listen to me and even if you did you will still get sick as you can't help it and will likely to be sick with a variety of different ailments. First you will run a fever, next you will probably suffer nausea and feel dizzy and then maybe you will have problems with your bowels.
We will not be rushing you to the hospital. Oh no! For a start there are no hospitals in the slum and anyway they cost too much and what is the need, we have seen these symptoms many times before, we all get sick and we know the exact cure for what you are suffering from. We will use a herbal concoction, it is very popular here as it cures 40 diseases! We call it Muarubaini (this is Swahili for forty). We boil for several hours the buck of the neem tree with fresh bones from a cow. This concoction will be served to you in a big mug; you must drink it all down without putting the cup down. It is more bitter than anything you could ever imagine; but the bitter taste is good for killing the germs or so we are all told. You will go temporarily deaf – but have no fear within a day or two your hearing will be back and the feeling of sickness will be gone!
If after two days you have not sweated out the illness, and you do not have any money, you are in big trouble however here in the slums, we always support each other. We will spread the word that someone is sick and needs help. We will place a bowl at the front of our house and friends will drop money into it – a penny or two but it all adds up. In a few hours we will hopefully have enough to take you to a doctor at the County Government Hospital.
Now the big job will be to carry you from the slum to the hospital – remember there are no roads getting into the slum just rough muddy small paths between the houses. But we are creative people; we will pull out a blanket, wrap you with it and get two strong men who are not working that day to carry you. There is never a shortage of volunteers for this job; as we move around the village, many people will step in and take turns carrying you. Soon my friend, you will be at the entrance of the County hospital, with a large crowd escorting you to the doctor's office. This crowd will compete to inform the doctor what is wrong with you; some clever ones will even suggest the kind of medicine the doctor should prescribe for you. It will go like this "Doctor, we have brought our friend here, who has malaria, just give him some quinine and he will be well again" others will dispute this diagnosis and say "our friend here has typhoid, please give him antibiotics and he will be fine". The doctor will need to call the hospital guards to push out all these bare footed doctors in order for him to hear and examine you. Once the crowd has been successfully evicted, then you will have your turn to speak to the doctor; in a few minutes you will have a prescription in your hands, you will pay for your medicine and the crowd of sympathizers will escort you home.
There will be many stops on the way home as those who did not get to accompany you are updated on what they have missed out. Once at home, there will be many visitors coming by to check on you and to find out if the medicine is helping you, someone suffering similar symptoms might even stop by to share your medicine!
Fatiuma – a girl we are supporting through college
Now that you have come to know me quite well (through my past letters) I will welcome you to our home. I informed you earlier that I live in Kibera which is Nairobi, the capital city of Kenya. I forgot to mention that I have lived here since birth. My father gives us tales of how he left the Northern part of Kenya to escape poverty and settled in the city. Hmm, he had so looked forward to finding a nice job, finding himself a nice house and settling his family.
But unfortunately my father had not gone to school and it was impossible for him to find a good job. So he moved to Kibera and was helped by people from his village (who had come to the city before him) to find a job as a night guard. He married my mother and had five children.
Sorry I was taking you on a tour of our house.
We are now at the door; as we go in, please mind your head, as the door is low, if you are not careful the beam will hurt you. Now that you are standing inside our house, it is okay to lift up your head. The room you see in front of you is our whole house. I hear people say it is 10 x 10 feet!
Welcome anyway, you may take the seat. This is our living space. The sofa you are sitting on is also where my two sisters and I sleep at night but by the day, it is our living room. Remove your shoes and cool your feet on our PVC carpet, we are among the lucky households that have a nice carpet. Our floor is earth, it is cheaper to rent a house without a real floor and improvise to make yourself comfortable. It may seem dark in here as there is no window, we share walls with our neighbors so there is no place for a window; the wall facing the street has the door, we could leave it open but then every Tom, Dick and Harry passing by would poke their noses (and heads) into our business. At night we light a homemade kerosene lamp, which we hang on the wall, it is not enough light for reading but at least we are able to see each other faces!
I promised you a tour but since you can see the whole house from where you are sitting, you do not need to rise up. On your left, the corner that you see is our kitchen, we use a charcoal burner, we take it out to light on the street, (we don't like smoke in our house) and we bring the stove back into the house when it is well lit. That corner of the house is a no go zone for young children, many children in our slum have fallen into the evening meal or boiling water! It is a real disaster, if the burns are just slight, a volunteer community health worker will be called to bandage the wounds, they will charge 50 Kenya Shillings but if the burns are severe, then the child will be taken to a nearby health clinic mostly run by an NGO for treatment. If the Mother has to stay home and watch this child, then the family income is so reduced, they cannot have two meals in a day. But there are far more serious accidents; in some homes, especially where children are in charge, they forget to put off the charcoal burner before going to sleep at night, some have been killed by Carbon Monoxide fumes and in some cases there have been house fires that wiped out whole families and their neighbours.
When the food is cooked, we pour it all out into a large tray and we sit on the floor where you have now placed your feet and enjoy our meal. It our culture, everybody eats together from the same plate or tray. This dining space is also the sleeping area for my two brothers; and also the bathing area for the whole family. My brothers place their mattress on the floor at night and remove it during the day. This is our fun space too; we sit and listen to our battery powered radio after our mid day meal and if our parents are not home, we even practice our dance moves.
The curtain sheet you see in front to you separates the space where our parents sleep with the rest of the house. This is our parents' space but we all store our clothes here, we have a rope running from one side of the wall to the opposite wall, we hang the clothes on it. Dirty clothes are hung on one side and clean ones on the other side.
Do not glance under our parents' bed that is where everything else is stored; our school bags, shoes, washing basins and our water in jerrycans. We take turns bringing the water home from a ½ a mile away. You need to be up at 5:30 am if it is your turn, crawl out quietly, making sure you do not step on anyone on your way out; hurry to the water kiosk and queue with others. We use a 20 litre container which we balance on our heads and hurry home in time for breakfast.
I am almost done with the tour; I need to quickly end this, before you ask to use our bathroom. That question is always met with silence, and then we glance at each other. Our parents space is our bathroom; We will give you the plastic bag that we sometimes use, or the bucket that we all relieve ourselves in and empty once a day and point for you to move behind the curtain and do your thing, because you are a guest and we do not want to embarrass you, we will wait outside!
Cases of rape are almost common day occurrences in places such as Kibera.
It's no longer such a big deal to hear of incidences for any young girl living here.
Recently a one-year-old child was raped to death by three men and that horrifically even included the baby's father. The medical investigation done on the child shows that although the father denied the charge and refused to make a statement the medical evidence and the statements by witnesses indicate otherwise. The frustrated mother was sobbing bitterly when describing the occurrence. She explained that she had a quarrel with her husband after which the husband angrily chased her out of the house. When she came back in the morning she found her daughter's body laying lifeless on the ground. Despite the police having clear evidence, the father appears to be walking freely in the neighbourhood.
Just living in the vicinity of such people and knowing that they are at large around the community makes us all fearful and each morning when we wake, is the start of another challenging day.
If this wasn't bad enough, less than a week later after the murder of the baby we found a woman lying lifeless in the muddy rubbish strewn alleyway in front the entrance to our shack. It appears after investigation that she had been sexually abused and gang raped by a group of hoodlum men none of whom have been brought to justice so far and who may well get away with the crime. Local people live in constant fear due to these tragedies happening in the neighbourhood.
The series of "Letters from Kibera" are written by a young teenage girl living in the heart of Kibera which is infamous for being one of Africa's largest slums
It is in this slum and others like it that ChallengeAid have created the "Schools of Hope" programme to give aspirational young people the opportunity to enhance their education.
Kibera, being amongst one of the biggest slums in the world has the biggest number of slum dwellers who undergo many challenges. One of these challenges is water collection as most shacks do not have running water.
The quality and quantity of water is a huge challenge to slum dwellers. Not long ago there was an outbreak of cholera due to the poor quality of water. Outbreaks are not that common but when they occur they have devastating consequences. This outbreak came about as the pipes bringing water to the slum passed through a number of unhealthy areas such as sewage and dumping sites and due to pipe leakage and breaks in the pipes the water became contaminated and unsafe for human use. Some thieves had punched holes in the water line so as to get water instead of queuing for hours. Unfortunately, the waste from the open sewer drain mixed with the water, the result was that a cholera outbreak broke out before people realised and so many contracted cholera and died.
Another ongoing problem is the distance from the home shacks to the water collection points. In many cases it could be up to 1k between the collection point and the shack. This forces people, mostly women and girls, to wake up at 4.00 am (it is unsafe for young girls to go out at night) and start the daily routine of fetching water. Females in the slum will often carry one or two 20 litre jerrycans on their backs as they feel its faster and less tiring than using hands and arms. That equates to a weight of 44lbs a can and of course if you are carrying two jerrycans you can double that weight. Some women can make as many as three or four trips a day since the water is needed for different chores. As so many trips have to be made the younger children who are not strong enough to carry the water, stand in the line queuing as the mother and older children rush home to deliver the water and get back for the next refill. The length of time waiting in the queue depends but at times we might wait there for up to three hours for just to get two jerrycans of water.
The water points are situated at water shops at different locations where we go and queue and pay according to the litres used. A standard rate for one 20 litre jerrycan is 5ksh (the equivalent of 4p) yet that is barely enough for one person to use and the larger the family living in Kibera the more trips required. The cost is reckoned to be more than the cost of water in New York or London yet Kibera is one of the poorest places on this planet.
Of course the good water is not for washing clothes, for this we go to the streams, that pass by near the settlement, which are free. The streams are also good for bathing the children though they may rinse off with a small bowl of bought water. The fact that a lot of people in the hood do not have toilets and use the river to relieve themselves does not necessarily put people off from washing – if you don't have the money or time to buy water there is nothing else that a poor family can do.
It is Christmas again, life is good.
We have holidays and celebrations throughout the year, but ooh I tell you none is as joyous as Christmas.
In Kibera, we start to prepare for Christmas early, the whole year we look forward to this time of year. Money is saved and hidden away for the Christmas celebrations.
We start by cleaning our houses; most of them are made of mud (earth) and wattle and we do not want our house looking tired over Christmas, so we gather with our mothers and plaster wet red soil on the walls to give them a facelift. We draw flowers on the walls and write Christmas messages; we also write messages to welcome visitors to our houses. It is a competition; everyone wants their house to be the talk of the hood, and for those passing by to marvel at how beautiful the house is. It is nice to find a crowd gathered outside your house discussing the beauty of your walls.
After the hard work is done it is already mid-December, the Christmas mood has taken over; this is when we visit the nearby malls to stare at shops, the decorations and lighting at these malls is heavenly; it is so beautiful, we stare for hours. We at times go into the malls to stare at all the beautiful clothes; but if we are not in nice looking clothes, the security guards at the malls will stop us from going in; they can tell that we are from the slums and think that our dirty looking clothes will put off genuine shoppers; some rude guards will even ask us to show them the money that we intend to spend at the mall. It is does not dampen our spirits after all it is Christmas!
Full day celebrations start on 24th December, we rise up early and start to sing. We are excited; we have songs for waking each other up (that is the beauty of living in dense spaces). Teens waking up in one house will sing out loud and if the teens in the neighbouring house are awake they will answer back in song, and it catches on to the next house. You could have twenty households singing in a perfectly coordinated manner. Would you call this a mass choir or an orchestra!
It is beautiful, after breakfast we the young people move together to the nearby Church; do not mind that some of us are Muslim and will be wearing our bui buis (the female Muslim holy dress) to the Church, no one notices, it is Christmas after all!
We practice song and dance and after that move from house to house singing Christmas songs; if anyone is home and opens their door and listens to our songs, they must give us a gift, if the gift is large then we might perform several numbers for the generous neighbour.
At midnight we return to Church, mass is held and we perform a play about the birth of Jesus. You will be amazed at the talent in our hood. We act so well and at times move the audience to tears! There is no sleeping on 24th December night, we will sing and dance all night, after all it is Christmas!
Christmas day comes; we are still too sleepy and tired but will now wear our new clothes and step out. We also try new hairstyles, our hair may be kinky and hard to manage but we know the tricks. A hot comb will straighten it all out and you only need a few old newspapers to curl it up beautifully. Christmas for us young ladies is about fashion, no one mentions about Jesus being born. The main objective for us is to impress our friends with our new clothes and hairdos and to possibly get a nice boyfriend at the end of the day.
You are well rewarded when you step outside your house and you get nice comments from your girlfriends and a few stares from boys.
Christmas is also about eating nice food too. Chapati (a thick pan cake) is a must have for all. There is no Christmas without Chapati, every Kenyan knows this! A family may be having seriously financial problems but they will still buy wheat flour and oil and provide Chapati for its members on Christmas day. It would be a very sad Christmas if Chapati was missing from the menu.
Another thing that must happen, is that you must invite people into your house to share your food; there is no way a family will cook just enough for themselves. We, young people move from house to house having a taste of what has been cooked. Mothers will stand on their door way and call out to young people passing by to go into the house and have a taste of her great cooking. You cannot refuse such an offer and it does not matter that within the last few hours you have been invited into ten other houses and had a taste of ten meals. You will be nice and accept the food, you will eat everything on your plate (you do not want to offend the generous neighbour), and after the meal you must thank the host and compliment the Mother of the house on her great cooking.
After every meal you will be served a cup of tea, this one is usually a painful dessert. Milk is expensive in the slums and the tea usually does not taste too good.
Some kids have been heard to say that it tastes like dirty water or donkey pee!
At the end of Christmas day, your stomach is so full and you are so tired all you want to do is lie down. This works very well for our parents, it is time to pull out their beers and the traditional brews; the men will sit together in a group (on the open corridor) and chat to the small hours of the morning, though honestly they do more drinking than talking. The women in our area take this time to enjoy each others company; they will sit a distance from the men, if the men feel generous they might pass some beers to the women. But even if there is no beer; the women will enjoy themselves, they tell stories and laugh their heads off. This really annoys the men! But it is Christmas and everyone is merry! Christians and Muslims together !
Merry Christmas good people and have a happy new year!
Living in Kibera has its lows and I can tell you for free that not having a household toilet tops them all.
In the slum several houses share a toilet (call it a small cubicle squeezed in at the end of a row of houses) with five to ten households sharing this space. You are lucky if this is a "free to use" toilet but most of us have to pay Kshs 5 (3p) per use per person. Now if you are five people in your house and each of you uses the toilet three times in the day, then there will not be any money left for food or any other needs. When you consider that the average wage is less than £1 per day and that the unemployment rate is 50% you can see how hard it is. So we get creative, plastic bags can be very helpful, you do your business in the bag and hide it. When the night comes, you step outside your door and haul the bag as far as you can, more often than not it hopefully will land on someone's roof. However, the bag may land on some poor fellow walking around the narrow dark slum paths. You will often know when this occurs as there will be cursing and threats out of the darkness. All you care about is that you have saved money.
It is not always about the cash however. Just imagine your stomach is acting up, you have diarrhoea and you need a toilet really badly. There are about 10 people ahead of you in the queue waiting to use this same toilet. What do you do, you run back to the house get hold of a plastic bag and do your business. It is easy for children; we can always make fun of this whole business but pity the father or mother of the house whose stomach is upset when there is a long queue at the communal toilet! They come running shouting "Quick, quick everybody, get out of the house!" We kids know this is an absolute emergency and need to get out of the way fast. Just add to this the additional problems if it is raining as it so often does in the tropics!?
You must be wondering about our houses (I will tell you that story another day) but for now all I can say is, it is a single roomed shack made of corrugated iron and mud. They are 10 x 10 feet, divided by the use of a cloth curtain (a bed sheet does this job well) to create a bedroom, a cooking area and living room. Now you know why everyone has to get out of the house if adults need to use this space as a toilet!
Using a shared toilet needs special skills. These of course are not flushing toilets, they are 'long drops' approximately six foot deep. One has to balance well in order not to step on the mess made by the last person and so as to be careful not to fall into the pit. Children are trained and supervised in using the toilet, but generally toilets are not used for children below 10 years. It is normally agreed that young children can do their business in the open and each one of them knows where to go. Some young children might be cheeky and do their business outside a neighbor's house though this can cause huge trouble, bitter words, and even a few blows might be exchanged. It is considered a very big insult for an adult to do their business outside your house. It is different when the faeces is in a plastic bag, the culprit cannot be known as the offending bag may have been thrown from any corner of the slum, but that does not mean that insults and curses will not be hauled at the unknown offender.
When you live in Kibera, you learn to walk with your eyes open. If one is not careful you will step on some slimy stuff. I hear women saying they are good at multiple tasking; I challenge you to come to our slum and try walking as you speak on your mobile phone or as you chew gum, soon I will hear you cursing loudly as your foot will have landed squarely on some plastic bag especially when the full content of the bag splashes on your shoes and dress. It will simply ruin your day!
People in Kibera can be very kind. If there is an older person, a person living with disability or a person who suffers ill health; they will often let them use the toilet for free; they will even allow them to queue jump and use the toilet before those who are already waiting. If your family is wise and can afford it, they will invest in a bucket with a lid and everyone in the family can use this bucket and old newspapers are used for covering the stuff so that the next user does not see what was left in the bucket. You only empty this bucket once per day and only pay once for using the toilet, clever, isn't it? You spend just Ksh 5 (3p) instead of Ksh 60 (36p) per day! That may not seem much to you but it often is the difference between feeding the family that day, or going hungry.
Those are what we call survival strategies!
Being a girl in the slums isn't easy since we face lots of challenges.
One of the many challenges comes from our homes where we are regarded as objects and where a parent or guardian is often quite willing to sell their daughter to men for a packet of milk and a loaf of bread. Some are forced to do odd jobs to keep the family going.
Most of these girls are illiterate, and they dwell in poverty which forces them to engage in such activities. There is so much poverty and illiteracy within the slum that prostitution is no longer seen as a big deal.
Neither is the use of contraceptives seen as a big issue since a lot of chemists sell them for about the equivalent of 10p and also do next day injections at a fair price. However when you are poor do you spend your money on food or contraception? Unfortunately STD's don't really exist in the minds of most people in the slums which is a problem in itself as these spread. Pregnancy is the big fear since nobody wants an extra mouth to feed.
Abortion appears as an option to poverty but is illegal in Kenya . There are a few specially licensed hospitals that are allowed to do it with a cost of a thousand shillings (£6.70) but since this is so expensive people use other means like drinking undiluted juice or taking a lot of tea leaves in their water which apparently can work.
Once a girl gets pregnant she is often thrown out by her parents and will be forced to go live with the boyfriend.
The boyfriend will then enjoy the benefits as if he had a wife, having freedom over the girl. He is able to do what he wants with her since the girl is already an outcast and has no where else to go.
Most of these girls will be young teenagers who dropped out of school due to poverty, peer pressure and even bad company. This is self-perpetuating as these teenage parents have children and so it goes with the street mentality and social behaviour which continues this cycle of poverty.
I have even heard of families who have identified men who they regularly send their daughters as young as 9 to have sex with, in exchange for food or money.
A mother will say to a child, 'Go to so and so house and fetch some flour for us', the child knows what this means. After the sex then the child will return home with the gift of food or cash. The matter is never discussed. Child prostitution goes on but everybody pretends it is not happening.
Jane is a student at the prestigious Pangani High School in Nairobi, Kenya. Pangani is a National Government sponsored Girls' School, which admits the best performing students from the entire country. National schools are well equipped and the teaching is of the best prescribed standards. Government subsidies to these schools are higher, and the schools admit only top students. Jane always dreamt of joining a National School and chose Pangani a boarding school that is near her home and performs very well in national exams.
Jane is a resident of Huruma slums, a village called Gitathuru where she lives with her elder sister and five siblings. She attended a local primary school sponsored by the County Government of Nairobi; there were more than sixty children in the same class with Jane, textbooks provided by the school were shared, five children to one textbook. It was impossible for Jane to get adequate time to study; the shared textbooks were left at school at the end of the school hours and during the holidays.
The home that Jane shares with six members of her family does not have adequate lighting and is crowded. Jane still desired to perform well in her end of primary school exams and to join a national high school where her chances of passing pre-university exam were higher.
In 2014, Challenge Aid which supports communities to start Schools of Hope (homework clubs), had visited Jane's village and working with the village elders had set up a School of Hope (SOH). The SOH was a few meters from Jane's house, and she immediately joined, there were all the school curriculum textbooks, study desks and lighting in the room. There were other students besides Jane studying every evening after school; the learners assisted each other with the difficult questions. Jane and other girls who attended the SOH also received a packet sanitary pads every month to ensure that their learning was not disrupted (Jane and other girls from the slums, skip school when on their menses as they cannot afford sanitary pads).
Jane sat for her Primary School National exam in November 2015 and acquired 404 marks out of a possible 500 marks, Jane was the best student from a public school from her district. She received admission to her dream school – Pangani Girls High School.
Jane still attends the SOH during the holiday to study and help other learners with their school work as she prepares for her Pre- University exam that she will take at the end of four years. Jane hopes to study at Harvard University and become a doctor.
Jane is in the centre of the photo.
What makes the article more interesting is that it is written by Njeni (on Jane's right and in the 2nd pic) who herself has graduated from the SoH to do a university course in journalism and is acting as a supervisor in the Gitathuru School of Hope.


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Refugee Trauma and Resilience Center | Meet our Team
Heidi Ellis, PhD
Dr. Ellis is the Director of the Boston Children's Hospital Center for Refugee Trauma and Resilience (CHCRTR) and Associate Professor of Psychology in the Department of Psychiatry at Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School. Dr. Ellis' research and clinical work focus on how the social context—trauma, discrimination, culture, and social environmental stressors—effects the health and development of refugee youth. Dr. Ellis co-developed Trauma Systems Therapy with Dr. Saxe, and is the co-author of the TST book.
Saida Abdi, PhD, LICSW, MSW, MA
Saida Abdi, PhD, LICSW, MSW, MA., is the Director of Community Relations, a clinical social worker, and expert in refugee trauma and resilience. She holds a Master's degree in Social Work from Boston University and another Master's degree in Communications from Carleton University and is currently pursuing her PhD at Boston University. She is a native of Somalia and a former refugee herself. Ms. Abdi has worked for more than 20 years in the area of refugee youth and families, developing school-based programs to support adjustment of refugee youth in resettlement and community-based research and intervention. For the past 8 years, she has worked at the Boston Children's Hospital Refugee Trauma and Resilience Center as a part of SAMHSA funded project to develop and implement refugee mental health interventions. She has organized trainings on the issue of promoting resilience and reducing risk behaviors among refugee youth for educators, policy-makers, clinicians and community leaders. She is trained in Trauma System's Therapy and is an expert in building culturally responsive interventions.
Colleen Barrett Bixby, MPH
Mrs. Bixby is the Program Coordinator at the CHCRTR. She has a background in cultural anthropology, as well as a master's degree in public health with a concentration in international health. Bixby first came to the CHCRTR in 2009 as a public health intern to support the evaluation of Project SHIFA. She is interested in health disparities among refugee populations and how psychosocial research can be integrated with community-based work as part of the approach towards reducing them.
Emma Cardeli, PhD
Emma Cardeli, Ph.D. is a Research Associate at the Refugee Trauma and Resilience Center (RTRC) at Boston Children's Hospital, an Instructor in Psychology at Harvard Medical School, and a licensed clinical psychologist with years of experience working with traumatized children and families from culturally diverse backgrounds. Her research interests include understanding factors that influence the expression of violence in addition to examining cross-cultural aspects of trauma exposure, PTSD, resettlement, and identity development.
Sarah Gillespie
Sarah Gillespie is a Research Assistant at the Refugee Trauma and Resilience Center. She graduated from Harvard University in 2017 with B.A. in Cognitive Neuroscience and Evolutionary Psychology. Sarah is interested in promoting resilience in the face of trauma by researching risk and protective factors for the development of mental illness and disseminating programs that can reduce disparities in mental health outcomes among under served communities.
Emily Hahn
Emily Hahn is a Research Assistant at the Refugee Trauma and Resilience Center. She graduated from Tufts University in 2016 with B.A. in Community Health and Spanish, and has previously worked in Public Health research and education. Her interests include community-based participatory research, cross-cultural mental health, and eliminating health inequities. She is particularly interested in using community-based research to improve health outcomes in refugee populations.
Osob Issa, MSW
Osob Issa, MSW, is a clinical social worker and program coordinator at the RTRC. Ms. Issa has a master's degree in social work from Boston University, and an under-graduate degree in psychology with a minor in women's studies. She has first joined the team as a social work intern in 2008, and has since become increasingly involved in the research and clinical aspect of the work. Her passion is to make a difference in the mental health, and well-being of immigrant and refugee families.
Alisa Miller, PhD
Dr. Miller is a Research Associate at the Refugee Trauma and Resilience Center and Assistant in Psychology in the Department of Psychiatry at Boston Children's Hospital and an Instructor in Psychology at Harvard Medical School. Her research interests are trauma exposure, PTSD, identity development, family cohesion/conflict and the effects these have on refugee and immigrant family and community functioning. She is interested in reducing mental health disparities among refugee and immigrant groups and the healthy adjustment of youth during and after resettlement.
Luna Mulder, PsyD
Dr. Luna Acharya Mulder currently works as a psychologist at the Refugee Trauma and Resilience Center at Boston Children's Hospital. She is an Instructor of Psychology in the Department of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. She has many years of experience providing clinical services to children and families suffering from mental illness and conducting psychological assessments to children with learning disabilities. Dr. Mulder is Bhutanese and, in addition to training and experience in working with traumatized children, brings intimate knowledge of Bhutanese culture, language, and the refugee experience. She joined the Refugee Trauma and Resilience Center (RTRC) at Boston Children's Hospital in 2012 as a consultant and is now a psychologist helping implement Trauma Systems Therapy for Refugees (TST-R).
Jeffrey P. Winer, PhD
Jeffrey P. Winer, PhD, is an Attending Psychologist within the Refugee Trauma and Resilience Center at Boston Children's Hospital and an Instructor of Psychology at Harvard Medical School. Dr. Winer received his BA from Grinnell College and his MS and PhD in Clinical Psychology from the University of Massachusetts Amherst. During his graduate training he completed a two-year externship at the University of Vermont focused on refugee mental health. He completed his clinical internship at McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical school. His primary research and clinical interests are in developmental psychopathology of emotion and behavior dysregulation (including depression, anxiety, and traumatic stress) and culturally-responsive evidence-based psychological interventions (e.g., prevention and treatment) for youth, young adults, and families.
Saynab Yusuf
Saynab Yusuf moved to the United States 13 years ago and has been living in Boston ever since, where she is currently a college student studying Human Services. Saynab hopes to work in the field of Public Health, and is excited to be interning here in the Boston Children's Hospital Psychiatry Department. She enjoys volunteering and getting involved in the community as much as possible to gain knowledge and experience.

subset: commoncrawl


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Emma Stone's 70's Inspired Red Carpet Beauty
Emma Stone can do no wrong!
At the premiere of Gangster Squad, actress Emma Stone, 24, arrived looking flawless in a blazing red Lanvin mini-dress. Stone, a brand ambassador for Revlon was perfection with dark green eye make up and subtle red lips. StyleList had the chance to speak with Emma's makeup artist & friend, Rachel Goodwin about her approach to Emma's makeup for the premiere.
To see all the products Rachel used on Emma, shop our list of Revlon and Chanel products below!
StyleList (SL): What was your overall approach to Emma's makeup?
Rachel Goodwin (RG): We wanted to create a glam, 70's inspired look with lots of drama. The type of makeup where you are unapologetically sexy. We were inspired by looks like Michelle Pfeiffer in "Scarface," it's just such an amazing, dramatic look.
SL: What is it like working with Emma?
RG: I have been working with Emma since she was 17 years old on "Superbad." She is such a chameleon. We've created such a close friendship that we play around with new looks and colors that will accentuate her natural features. Emma has such amazing light skin and I hate covering that up, so I only use a little foundation so you can still see her freckles and young skin.
SL: What is the biggest beauty mistake you see celebrities and everyday people making?
RG: One of my biggest pet peeves is when concealer is too light or pale. When people try and cover up dark circles with mis-matched concealer, it winds up looking more raccoon than before. My other pet peeve is when people are overly perfected. Makeup is supposed to accentuate your natural look but for some, that over-perfect (contouring the cheeks, the perfectly shaped smokey eye, perfect lips) it ages you!
SL: What is the most important thing you would tell our viewers who are looking to experiment with makeup?
RG: The most important thing is to have fun and be expressive! If you are naturally drawn to a color like burgundy, there is a reason and you should play around with it! Practice makes perfect and don't be afraid to try different looks you see.
SL: We always like to ask, what's the one thing in your makeup bag you can't live without?
RG: It would have to be mascara! I am obsessed with my Chanel mascara. I've got really light lashes so I can't leave the house without it. Also, I always have lip balm. I love Burt's Bee's Tinted Balm with SPF. SPF is really important especially because I live in California.
We can't wait to see Emma in Gangster Squad. To learn more about the Gangster Squad, visit our friends at Moviefone by clicking here!
Photo Credit: Getty Images


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Two dancers head to East Coast programs
Two westside dancers have been accepted into prestigious, East Coast Programs. Both are members of The Portland Ballet. They will be studying year-round at the schools of Miami City Ballet and Boston Ballet beginning this fall.
Giselle Tiret lives in the Multnomah neighborhood east of Beaverton and Metzger. She will be joining the Miami City Ballet School Pre-Professional Division II, where she will be a member of the School Ensemble and will perform with the company.
Tiret, 14, has spent the last six years with The Portland Ballet and was part of the Career Track program. She has attended summer programs at Miami City Ballet, Ballet West, School of American Ballet, San Francisco Ballet, School of Oregon Ballet Theatre and The Portland Ballet.
She was an eighth-grader at Summit Learning Charter School last year.
Nicolas Bierwagen will attend Boston Ballet's year-round program on full scholarship. Bierwagen, 18, has studied with The Portland Ballet for the past three years and has performed with the Youth Company. He has attended summer programs at Boston Ballet, Atlanta Ballet, Northwest Dance Project and The Portland Ballet.
Bierwagen was a junior last year at Beaverton's ACMA, or Arts & Communication Magnet Academy.
Quality local journalism takes time and money, which comes, in part, from paying readers. If you enjoy articles like this one, please consider supporting us.
(It costs just a few cents a day.)


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Children's Ministries:
SundaySchool: 9:30-10:20am.
Each Sunday Morning before our worship service there is a time of listening to Bible stories and learning about how much God loves each one of them.
Children's Church: 11:00-Noon.
Every Sunday children (through 3rd grade) meet together, listen to Bible stories, and build crafts to help reinforce the lessons learned. This ministry happens during the main worship gathering.


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Drinks Menu
Wanting to serve the best quality coffee possible, we have chosen Square Mile Coffee Roasters for their quality, commitment and moral values to the coffee industry. They are a multi-award winning coffee roaster based in East London. Amongst our equipment is a Bespoke water filtration system, which reduces the level of minerals that inhibit efficient coffee extraction. If you'd like to learning more about our coffee click here.
We have fully licensed and serve a selection of Wine, Spirits and Craft Beers


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I took this image at the north end of Laguna Beach at moonset. There is one perfect morning each month for photographing the full moon - that is if the fog does not move in! More images can be seen in my Coast Dairies State Park project.
Coast Dairies State Park is located about ten miles north of Santa Cruz, California and consists of seven spectacularly beautiful beaches. They are Laguna Creek, Bonny Doon, Panther, Sharktooth, Davenport, Davenport Landing and Scott Creek. They were part of the original 5500 acres of the Coast Dairies Ranch owned by the Trust for Public Land. The Trust for Public Land conveyed these coastal bluffs and beaches to the State Parks in August 2006. Most likely the Coast Dairies Ranch will be transferred to the Bureau of Land Management in the next few months and then hopefully be declared a National Monument .
More information can be found in this San Jose Mercury News article last December, and on the Trust for Public Land website.


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I saw this shirt and necklace at a local flea market and just couldn't leave them there. Shorts were actually my full-time jeans, until I decided to transform them to cut-offs and I like them that way better actually. And this picture is a great reminder of summer=)
blog post with this look: http://thehypnotized.blogspot.com/2011/09/11092011.html


text: Activists hold signs during a protest against "triple talaq," the practice of instant divorce by Muslim men, in New Delhi on May 10. The country's Supreme Court has outlawed this means of ending a marriage. Altaf Qadri/AP hide caption toggle caption Altaf Qadri/AP The Two-Way India's High Court Outlaws Practice Of Instant Divorce By Muslim Men August 22, 2017 The decision is a victory for women's rights advocates. Most Muslim countries have already reformed or banned "triple talaq," which allows husbands (and only husbands) to end marriages in moments.


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Did you know that there are more than 500 species of microorganisms that have been identified in the mouth?
With all the bacteria in the human mouth, it is no wonder that about one in four people believe they have halitosis. Bad breath originates from certain oral bacteria producing an abundance of volatile sulfur compounds. Bad Breath can be caused by several things including certain foods, periodontal disease, rotten teeth, dry mouth, tobacco use, or a medical disorder.
Here are some breath freshening tips:
~First, determine if you have bad breath. One method is to take a piece of unwaxed, unflavored dental floss and floss between your upper and lower back molars. Or, use a dry cloth and wipe it across the back part of your tongue for about five seconds. Wait about a half a minute and then smell it. Asking a friend or family member works too.
~Mouthwashes, breath sprays and mints mask the problem temporarily. In fact, mouthwashes with alcohol may further the problem over time, they can dry out the mouth. If you have chronic bad breath, you will ant to get to the source of the problem.
~Be aware of foods that trigger bad breath such as garlic, onions, and coffee. Brush your teeth after consuming milk products, fish, meat, and other food products that cause bad breath.
~Keep your mouth moist by drinking plenty of fluids, chewing sugar-free gum or sucking on sugarless candy.
~Floss, and brush your teeth, gums, and tongue daily. Do not forget to clean behind the back teeth in each row.
~Denture wearers need to avoid plaque buildup under the dentures. Thoroughly clean dentures daily and remove dentures at night to avoid bacteria growth. Denture wearers should continue to see Dr. Herman regularly.
~Talk to Dr. Herman or your periodontitis about oral problems that may be the cause. Dr. Herman can also tell you about the latest techniques to treat bad breath.
~If you determine that chronic bad breath is not from an oral source, see your physician.


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WHEN: Sunday, Sept. 4, 9 p.m.
WHERE: Garfinkel's
Musicians, man. Look at these Jon Bon Jovis and Steven Tylers as they reach middle age and pick up acoustic guitars and tease out wimpy ballads ours mothers might sing along too. Bah...
Then there's the Reverend Horton Heat. Now well into his 50s and he's still chugging along like a freight train conductor juiced on a quart of whiskey, howling at the night sky. Yeah man. The Rev.
This one time, at a gig, a cowboy sidles up to him. You see, the Rev - a.k.a. Jim Heath - is a rockabilly king and, like any king, can attract wide and varied audience beyond the diehards that make-up a genre or scene. You'll find the greasers mingled with metalheads while hipsters share cigarettes with snarling punk rockers.
Anyway, this cowboy sidles up to the Rev, looks at his electric Gretsch 6120 guitar, and asks, "Do you play an acoustic guitar?"
Heath laughs. "So I said, 'No, I don't play no wussy acoustic guitar.'" He laughs again. It's more of a wheeze, the sound people make after years of hard living.
He goes on, "That completely jammed his frequencies. He didn't know how to quite react to that."
Heath, you could say, is not a fan of slowing down. He's not a fan of going "unplugged" either. It's about rocking until the blood seeps through socks. Until the vocal chords are shredded and useless. Until death sidles up and takes a swipe. It's all or nothing.
"I've been doing this for all my life," he says. "I don't know how to do anything else."
Other than a few brief flirtations with the mainstream, Heath has remained a cult figure for two decades. He's embraced his status as an underground icon because he says it's allowed him to remain a career musician. He's never sought fame or rock stardom.
"I know some guys, without mentioning any names, who were in some really big bands with really big hit songs and their descriptions of what it was really like when they realized that they would never be that big again, it's heartbreaking. I'll never have to go through that," he says.
No, instead he'll play 140 shows a year and spend the remaining days taking care of his kids, or dealing with the online sales of his albums. The band recently took their whole catalogue online and now he spends more time than he'd like tackling the business end of Reverend Horton Heat.
The Rev bathing in the dull glow of a computer screen, tracking online sales, is a bewildering image for anyone who's seen him tear crowds apart with "Psychobilly Freakout." He's spent the last two decades singing about booze and smokes and bales of cocaine. He's reveled in the great Southern underbelly. Computers hardly seem his style. He has, after all, deliberately avoided modern tastes, fashioning a mid-century-influenced existence defined by greasy hair, rockabilly swagger and 1950s hotrods.
"I was so drawn to what I call mid-century stuff. It's not just the music, it's the cars, the architecture and all that," he says.
The soundtrack to American Graffiti had a major impact on him as a boy. He remembers biking to the music store in the early '70s to buy a Black Sabbath album and leaving instead with a Howlin' Wolf record because the owner was playing it over the stereo.
"To me, that was way scarier than Black Sabbath," he says.
Perhaps. But the scariest thing of all would be the Rev singing Aerosmith's "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" all alone, on stage, old, frail and past his prime. Thank the stars that will probably never happen.


text: Carolina Football Game Day Information Carolina Football Game Day Information for Downtown Chapel Hill Touch Downtown Chapel Hill On game days downtown Chapel Hill is positively buzzing with Carolina football fan energy. Alumni and fans of all ages make Franklin Street the go-to stop before and after the game. Fans enjoy our restaurants, retail stores, and family & cultural attractions, as well as Tar Heel Town on campus. Football game days bolster our downtown's economic activity and general hometown spirit - not just for visiting fans & alumni but also for local residents. GO HEELS! The first home game of the season is this Saturday, September 3 versus James Madison University with kick off at 3:30PM. For the football schedule and ticket information visit www.tarheelblue.com. Top Ten Ways to Promote Your Business on Game Day 1. Decorate your storefront to draw customers and football fans into your business with 'Welcome Carolina Fans' or 'Welcome JMU Fans' signs; available for FREE from Business Class, Inc: click here. 2. Offer your version of a football game day special; a special drink, menu item, Carolina blue article of clothing, etc. It doesn't have to be discounted to be a 'special'! 3. Hang a Tar Heel flag (or opponents flag) outside your business or Carolina blue & white balloons. 4. Offer a discount to customers that answer a UNC trivia question posted in your window. 5. Encourage all employees to wear Carolina gear, hats, or buttons. 6. Hold a special event, feature a musician in store, partner with a charity, or offer customers free coffee & cookies. Give potential customers another reason to step into your business. 7. Give a prize to the customer dressed in the most Carolina gear. If you are feeling neighborly, give a prize to the customer dressed in the most gear from the opposing team. 8. Decorate your store front window in Carolina blue or UNC themed items from your business. 9. Create a Tar Heel family environment - offer kid friendly meals, provide kids with Tar Heel related coloring sheets, offer kids a Tar Heel sticker/temporary tattoo or create a Tar Heel arts & crafts area in-store. Parents will shop and dine if the kids are happy! 10. Let us know what you are doing so that we can help you promote it on our website and in weekly email blasts "What to Do & See Downtown This Week!"; email email@example.com. Parking, Tailgating and Transportation Information Special Event Parking Downtown On home football game days the Town of Chapel Hill will be charging Special Event parking rates of $20 in the Wallace Parking Deck and Rosemary/Columbia Lot (Lot 2) for football game goers only. Customers and visitors that are coming downtown to eat and shop before the game will only be charged the standard hourly rates in these lots. All other Town of Chapel Hill off-street lots will remain at the hourly rates. Map of downtown parking lots. Tar Heel Express - The Town of Chapel Hill offers fans and visitors many options for getting to the game from Park & Ride lots around town. Service begins 1 1/2 to 3 hours before the scheduled start of the game. One-way fare for Tar Heel Express service is $3; round-trip is $5. Map and information about Tar Heel Express. Downtown Valet Parking - On home football game days, East Franklin Street valet parking will not be in operation, but we will still be offering the West Franklin Street valet parking (5PM to 11PM). University Square now allows public event parking for home football games for $20. Parking is restricted to designated areas; available approximately four hours before kickoff. Visit www.downtownchapelhill.com/valet. Tailgating Downtown - For a map of tailgating options downtown - CLICK HERE. On Campus Parking & Tailgating- The UNC Department of Public Safety regularly updates a complete list of on campus parking, transportation options, and tailgating options for the football games. The current listing can be found HERE (PDF). For updates visit www.dps.unc.edu. Football, EventsBobby FunkAugust 31, 2011Carolina Football, Tailgate Downtown Chapel Hill, Tar Heel Express, TouchDowntown, downtown chapel hill Facebook0 Twitter LinkedIn0 Tumblr


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A man was knocked unconscious as he was walking home following a night out in Corby.
The victim was punched in the face and then fell to the floor after he was confronted in Sower Leys Road, some time between 1am and 2am last Sunday (November 27)
The only description of the attacker made available by police is that he was white.
Witnesses or anyone with information about the assault is asked to contact Northamptonshire Police on 101 or Crimestoppers, anonymously, on 0800 555111. The incident number is 16000394272


text: Share: Comments Print October 14, 2014 at 5:29 PM Would Seahawks be a team of interest for Australian rugby star Jarryd Hayne? Posted by Bob Condotta News has broken in the last hour that Jarryd Hayne, a star rugby player in Australia, is leaving that country to play in the NFL. And given that in September he visited Seattle and toured the Seahawks' facilities, the rumor mill immediately began churning that the Seahawks might be a team in which he would be interested, and vice versa. However, Hayne said that he has not spoken with any NFL team and plans first to move to Los Angeles to train and then pursue tryouts: Hayne on NFL: future: "I don't have a contract yet… I haven't even spoke to anyone" pic.twitter.com/s5u7kOJY3m — Mark Di Stefano (@MarkDiStef) October 15, 2014 And it sounds as if his plan is to train and then land on a roster for 2015: Hayne says he'll be looking to train with second tier squads and try for NFL season 2015 pic.twitter.com/nF0vxX61dZ — Mark Di Stefano (@MarkDiStef) October 15, 2014 Seems like the most logical position for Hayne, listed at 6-2, 220 pounds, is running back. UPDATE: Here's an updated story on Hayne that makes it clear there's a long ways to go before he signs with anyone, with one of his mentors saying it might be a two-year process. Comments


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The Finholm District will be all aglow as Lucia and her procession serenade the harbor by candlelight. On December 12th from 4:30 - 6:30 p.m. the harbor History Museum celebrates Light Up the Night, the 2nd annual St. Lucia Day festival. Families will delight in an evening of holiday crafts, delicious Scandinavian treats, and games. The event is $3 for museum members and $5 for non-members.
If you are interested in learning more about our family programming or would like to make a reservation, please email email@example.com or call 253-858-6722 x6


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Chemical Engineer Sample Job Description
This chemical engineering sample job description can assist in your creating a job application that will attract job candidates who are qualified for the job. Feel free to revise this job description to meet your specific job duties and job requirements.
Chemical Engineering Job Responsibilities:
A chemical engineer's job responsibilities include research, product development as well as helping to design the elements of the manufacturing process. The chemical engineer may be called on to conduct product testing and organize the input of other team members.
Chemical Engineering Job Duties:
- Accomplishes organization goals by accepting ownership for accomplishing new and different requests; exploring opportunities to add value to job accomplishments.
- Updates job knowledge by participating in educational opportunities; reading professional publications; maintaining personal networks; participating in professional organizations.
Chemical Engineering, Other Skills/Qualifications:
Quality Focus, Technical Zeal, Job Knowledge, Innovation, Problem Solving, Strategic Planning, Technical Understanding, Attention to Detail, Thoroughness, Professionalism, Planning
Employers: Post a job in minutes to reach candidates everywhere.
Job Seekers: Search Chemical Engineer Jobs and apply on Monster now.
Learn more about the hiring process:


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Reasonable adjustments
What a good manager would do
"Recognising the strengths as well as the weaknesses of a neurodiverse employee is one of the most effective supports a manager can provide" Fitzgibbon associates
Line managers and supervisors should receive training in dealing with neurodiverse workers. This will help to remove or alleviate stressful situations for both parties. In addition, it would be advantageous for the member's work colleagues to receive some awareness training so that they have a better understanding of their behaviour.
Of course, this should only be conducted if the member agrees to disclose their neurodiversity to their colleagues. As with other impairments or disabilities, the reasonable adjustments required for neurodiverse workers will be specific to an individual's needs, so it is imperative that they are involved in determining what reasonable adjustments are appropriate for them. These may be relatively straightforward for the employer to provide.
It is important that a proper workplace needs assessment is carried out, preferably by a specialist in neurodiverse conditions, as every individual's needs will be different and it may not occur to the member what adjustments could be provided for their own circumstances. See our Links section for some suggestions.
It should also be standard practice for all employers to make many of the following adjustments proactively, regardless of whether any individuals within their organisations have been identified as neurodiverse, as a significant proportion of their workers are likely to be neurodiverse even if they are not aware of it or have chosen not to disclose it.
Also remember that many of these adjustments would benefit everyone in the workplace and not just those who require reasonable adjustments.
Reasonable adjustments might include:
- a working environment that minimises distractions – for example, in an open-plan office consider noise-reducing partitions, headphones, thoughtful siting of printers and photocopiers and quiet 'breakout' areas;
- other adjustments to the environment – for example, lighting, temperature and noise;
- professional assessment of the employee, paid for by the employer;
- specialist training for the member – for example, in developing memory skills (including using visual memory strengths to compensate for difficulties with verbal working memory). Training could also cover time management, work planning, understanding personal work styles and developing communication skills. This is especially important if the employee has not previously been aware of their condition, which is common in people with dyslexia;
- options for home-working, at least part-time, to be considered. Appropriate IT and communications support should be provided;
- flexible working hours, enabling earlier or later start and finish times;
- fixed hours, rather than variable shifts may suit some;
- recognising that overworking is a common compensatory strategy for some neurodiverse people that in the longer-term can lead to stress and burn-out. So, for instance, when a neurodiverse condition has been identified or disclosed, appropriate reasonable adjustments should be put in place promptly, even if an employee's performance is good;
- change of work location – for example, to be nearer home, or nearer support facilities, or to a work location that is quieter or less over-stimulating;
- clear and concise communications, both written and oral. Recorded instructions may be helpful, or 'easy read' manuals';
- structured routines, such as project plans, mind maps and flowcharts;
- providing a mentor and/or 'buddy';
- individual support where schedules are unavoidably disrupted and when changes are introduced;
- it is vital that tests for suitability for appointments, promotion or job changes and so on should be designed not to disadvantage neurodiverse people. For example, tests should not depend on listening to long lists of instructions or reading or writing large amounts of material in a short time;
- interviews for selection or promotion should be appropriately structured, taking account of the inefficiency in working memory that is a characteristic of many neurodiverse people. So questions should be put clearly and succinctly. Also allow and ance should be made for the sometimes poorly structured replies that can give the impression that an individual is much less competent than is actually the case;
- some neurodiverse people may find it easier to read from pastel coloured paper, with a larger font size, say Arial size 14. Alternatively, a coloured overlay or changing screen colours may help;
- providing clear signage within buildings, enabling navigation or orientation around the workplace;
- regular breaks;
- mechanisms to help with breaks in routine, such as delays in public transport, or a breakdown of computer systems;
- templates to help with reports and so on;
- ergonomic adjustments of workstations;
- relaxation of triggers for disciplinary action for matters such as sickness absence or mistakes arising from executive function impairment (the abilities that enable people to translate motivation into action);
- additional time off for treatment and/or appointments, as part of a policy for disability leave;
- reallocating some work to colleagues, with the individual's agreement, at times of stress or change;
- a personal workstation (rather than sharing a workstation or 'hot-desking') and specific tools to aid work organisation, such as a visual timetable or organiser app;
- appropriate software including speech recognition, such as Dragon Dictate, as well as packages such as Texthelp for reading and writing, and various mind-mapping programs. Specialist advice is available;
- raising awareness among colleagues.
This is not a comprehensive list and there is more information from the organisations listed in our Links section.
See also our section on What we can do together
Access To Work funding may be available for some of these measures. See the links section for more information.
Neurodiverse people may have problems with 'normal' forms of communication. Some people on the autistic spectrum, for example, have difficulties in reading other people's facial expressions, body language or nuances within conversations.
- try to avoid using jokes, sarcasm or ambiguous statements;
- be clear and direct, using concise sentences;
- use short sentences in written communications;
- sometimes diagrams are better than written communications or instructions;
- where appropriate, use closed rather than open questions;
- speech-to-text software may be helpful for digital communications;
- where there are organisational changes, managers should ensure that people with neurodiverse differences are included in the plans particularly affecting their work and that they are regularly kept up-to-date.
It is important that managers and colleagues are aware of the differences in communication styles for those who are neurodiverse. For example, they may appear to be 'blunt' when talking, they may talk to themselves, or they may unintentionally invade other people's personal space.
Remember that it is illegal under the Equality Act to pass on any costs of adjustments to the individual concerned.
Managers should remember that monitoring will reveal any potential for indirect discrimination, particularly in recruitment, selection and promotion procedures, performance reviews and so on. Regularly conducted equality impact assessments on these policies and practices, jointly with the trade unions, is likely to highlight a possible need for reasonable adjustments and avoid unnecessary capability or disciplinary actions.


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Deadline: 22/09/2019
Decemberists!: Margharita, With A Straw
Wind down the year where time has no beginning or end!
"In ceaseless motion round the purple rim
Day after day sped by like coloured spokes,
And through a glamour of shifting hues of air
The seasons drew in linked significant dance
The symbol pageant of the changing year."
Impairment in the human ability isn't and shouldn't be a limitation to creativity. On the contrary, the Savant syndrome may actually augment talents. The first Braille press of India has been operational about 30 km from the AZIMVTH Ashram.
Himalayas are the highest mountains of the world. And the Ashram is in its foothills about 4 km away.
Due to thick forests in the vicinity, the logging industry thrives here. There are several saw-mills about 100 m away. And also over a dozen wood crafting shops where carpenters are busy.
The holidays of December bring welcome leisure time. And opportunities to relax, reflect and be blessed by The Carpenter.
- Sanskrit / Hindi
- Calligraphy
- Photography
- Visual art
- Documentary
- Spirituality
- Performance art
- New media
- Linguistics
- Painting
- Music
- Writing
- Education
- Yoga
- Everybody
- Art of Life
- Visiting Ganges ghats,temples, ashrams
- Pilgrim interactions
- Local collaborations
- Exhibit
- Print media coverage
- Local music instruments
- Conditional access to a Braille printing press
- Arts mentoring
- Life coaching
- Drawing / writing / performing projects
- En-suite room
- Shared studio
- Twice daily Yoga teaching
- Om & mantra chanting initiation
- Daily lecture & discussion
- Options at other cluster-locations
- 3 meals, 2 herbal tea + snacks
- Sachet tea/ 24hrs
- Daily small basket of fresh flowers
- Towels, bedding
- Laundry
- Ayurveda doctor visit every 3rd day
IMPORTANT DATES – August
06 Aug Friendship Day
07 Aug Sanskrit Day / Sister's Day
14 Aug Lord Krishna Birth Day
15 Aug Independence Day/ Dahi Handi
25 Aug Lord Ganesha Birth Day
Grants of USD 500 / person liberally available.
28 days USD 1450
14 days USD 900
07 days USD 500
AZIMVTH Ashram
365 Arya Nagar Jwalapur
Haridwar 249407
Uttarakhand India
Decemberists!: Margharita, With A Straw
Application deadline
Residency starts
Residency ends
More information
Posted by:
365 Haridwar / AZIMVTH Ashram


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Gram-positive bacteria, blue-green algae and extremophiles are some examples of Monerans. Currently, most scientists divide the former Moneran kingdom into two separate kingdoms: Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
Archae and Eubacteria contain entirely prokaryotic organisms. Prokaryotes are organisms with cells that have no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. However, most do contain ribosomes. Prokaryotes are unicellular and obtain nutrients as material diffuses across their outer cellular membranes. Archaebacteria are mostly extremophiles, organisms capable of surviving in conditions that are inhospitable to most life.
Archae includes organisms that obtain energy from sulfur and methane and those that thrive in hot springs or near thermal vents in the ocean. These organisms are important in recycling chemicals such as nitrogen, carbon and sulfur for reuse in the environment. Eubacteria, or true bacteria, are those bacterial organisms responsible for many of the world's diseases. Eubacteria also make up the vital internal fauna necessary for the survival of many animals, are important in the production of medicine and are useful in the fermentation of various food products.
Cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae, are also members of Eubacteria. Cyanobacteria obtain energy through photosynthesis and are important producers of oxygen. Other cyanobacteria produce dangerous neurotoxins that pose a risk to other aquatic species during times of excessive algal blooms and to humans who eat fish from such environments.


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Echinochloa(redirected from Billion dollar grass)
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Related to Billion dollar grass: Echinochloa frumentacea, Echinochloa crus-galli, Echinochloa esculenta
genus of grasses in the family Poaceae. Mostly good forage plants but linked anecdotally with outbreaks of primary photosensitization, in grazing ruminants. Toxin unidentified but some plants contain high concentrations of nitrate. Includes E. crus-galli (barnyard grass, Japanese millet), E. pyramidalis (antelope grass), E. utilis.


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Slughorn's Staircase[1] is one of the largest staircases in Hogwarts Castle. It extends from the dungeons to the seventh floor. It has another exit on the sixth floor, near Horace Slughorn's office. The layout of the staircase is very similar to the Divination and Defence Against the Dark Arts Staircases, but the bottom (at dungeon-level) seems to have been excavated in the cliffs and, thus, the walls and the staircase itself are rough stone.[2]
Professor Slughorn used this staircase when going to his classroom in the dungeons, whereas Luna Lovegood used it for the first time while going to the Slug Club Christmas party with Harry Potter.[2]
1996–1997 school year
Horace Slughorn used to go down this staircase in his way to the Potions Classroom. The students used the staircase to go from the dungeons to the sixth and seventh floors of the castle. Besides that, Harry Potter and Luna Lovegood used it in their way to Slug Club Christmas party.[2]
Behind the scenes
- It only appears in the video game adaptation of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and seems to be a replacement of the Divination Staircase, as it does not make an appearance. But in the film adaptation, there's a staircase which never appeared in another film adaptations.[3]
- The name of the staircase is probably because it connects Slughorn's office to Slughorn's classroom. It is only given in the Nintendo DS version of the game.
- Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film) (First appearance)[3]
- Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (video game)
Notes and references
- ↑ Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (video game) - NDS version
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (video game)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Harry saw Draco Malfoy go to the Seventh Floor from a staircase


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Subject Line: Get Your Sweat On For Better Sleep
Body Text: When it comes to physical exercise, lack of sleep can impact your strength, speed, reaction time, muscle recovery, chance of injury, focus, and teamwork.
On the flip side, exercise not only can improve your quantity of sleep, but also the quality of your sleep.
A study by Northwestern University's Feinberg School of medicine indicated that regular exercise can have a dramatic impact on sleep and added as much as 1.25 hours per night. Furthermore, exercise can also help strengthen circadian rhythms to keep you alert during the day and bring on sleepiness at night.
For tips on how to optimize your exercise routine for better sleep, visit the Sleep University, found on the ProjectZ dashboard, and check out the article: "Get your sweat on for better sleep".
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Subject Line: Eyes off the clock!
Body Text: Did you know that checking what time it is throughout the night can worsen the quality of your sleep and actually become a habit?
Waking up during the night, looking at the clock and calculating how much time until you wake, is a habit worth kicking. Clock checking can lead to worry and anxiety around sleep. These behaviors will lead to more fragmented sleep which can leave you feeling more tired and less rested in the morning.
The good news is once you've broken free of the habit of checking the time, you will be able to experience sleep periods that are not interrupted by the clock. You will also feel less stressed about being in bed so you can relax and fall asleep.
What can you do tonight? Remove the clock from the bedroom, turn it around, or cover it. This works for your cell phone too! We spend so much 'time' watching the clock during the day, why not give yourself a break at night.
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Mindy Levy
Mindy Levy
After years of experience in commercial banking and as a commercial real estate appraiser, Mindy joined J&B in 1995 in the accounts payable/accounts receivable position. Her M.B.A. degree from University of Denver in Real Estate and Construction Management (1988) provided her the background to manage several shopping centers, develop and construct a 668 unit mini-storage facility, and oversee the company's sophisticated property management database system.
Today Mindy is Vice President, Office Manager, directs the A/P and A/R functions and accounting, and has input in strategic business decisions relative to selling, acquiring, leasing and development of commercial property. Mindy holds an active Colorado Real Estate Broker's license. Mindy is on the board of directors of the Colorado Self Storage Association and Jewish Family Service and volunteers in their food pantry.
Mindy is an avid reader, movie-goer, loves to workout and snowshoes in the winter.
303.741.6343 x102


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In addition, the City Manager assumes responsibility for:
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How many reams of paper have you consumed building a unit list for Battletech? I have an answer you might like.
The Battletech Roster Builder is an Excel spreadsheet I have created to help you generate lists easily and quickly. It has come a long way from the first time I put it together. This version uses Macros, just so you're aware when Excel asks you to enable macros you don't freak out.
I am not going to duplicate the documentation I have carefully writted and edited to explain all of the features to you. I will say you can list up to two hundred line items (a Locust LCT-1V and a Locust LCT-3S would be considered two separate line items) and up to five pilots for each line item.
You also can have up to 3 C3/C3i networks and 2 Boosted C3 networks, each scored separately from the others.
When you print, it will handle up to 50 units. You can also have Tables of Organization and Equipment (TO&E) for up to four Battalions, IS, Clan or Comstar/WOB.
6.3 now also prints a "Battle Report Form" so you can make notes about the battle, your opponents list and help you determine who won.
My only suggestions to you are these:
- Read the instructions before diving into it head first.
- Contact me if you have any questions or comments. If you feel I should be compensated for my effort, I accept payment in miniatures, cash, cash equivalents, etc.


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A Derry woman has issued a warning after an older man tried to snatch her 12-year-old son while he watched a football match in Derry.
Geraldine Jack from Rosemount said she wanted to alert other parents after she was told that the man- aged in his 50s or 60s- not only approached her son but later asked an adult could he take the boy to his house as he had a bike for him.
Ms. Jack said the incident happened during a 7pm on Tuesday kick-off match at playing pitches on Duncreggan Road, with her young son going to watch his older brother play.
"He went down to watch the wee football match when the man came and approached him. The man was on a bike himself and said to him, 'would you like to come to my house and I have a bike, I could give you it'."
The boy however told the man he was not allowed to talk to strangers.
Ms. Jack said the man, who was described by eye-witnesses as 'rough cut looking' and 'very dirty'.
In a bizarre twist, the woman said that the man then approached an older person and asked him could he take the boy but was told to get away from him.
She said that he also tried to grab her son and take him away but the boy managed to escape and the man left the scene.
Her son was then brought back to her in a car by a friend who was at the match.
Ms. Jack said her son hadn't gone outside today.
"I think he is a bit scared but not saying," she said. "It scared the heart out of me, thinking what could have happened. I haven't slept a wink last night.
"I want to let everyone know in case it happens to another wain; in case maybe a younger wain wouldn't know to get away.
"My friend couldn't get over the fact that this man seemed so determined get my son out of the place. I just want to tell parents to be careful."
She added that she was planning to contact police to report the matter.


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SALISBURY — Alarming foreclosure statistics have prompted the city of Salisbury to begin the process of developing a foreclosure task force.
Acting City Administrator Tom Stevenson briefed the City Council last week on the upward foreclosure trends that have been seen this year.
"According to the Maryland Department of Housing and Community Development Office of Policy, Planning and Research, property foreclosure events for Wicomico County for 2013 have increased 463 percent, notices of mortgage loan default issued in Wicomico County for 2013 increased 382 percent, notices of foreclosure sales issued in Wicomico County for 2013 has increased 6,290 percent and that's not a typo," said Stevenson.
It's not just Salisbury and the surrounding county that are troubled. Maryland currently features the third highest foreclosure rates in the country.
"It's become clear to me that this is something the entire state is struggling with, that the problem doesn't seem to be getting much better right now and may, in fact, be getting worse in certain parts of the state and Wicomico County may be included in that," said Council President Jake Day.
Hoping to stem the bleeding, Salisbury wants to put together a task force of residents, Realtors, bankers and city-appointed representatives. The group will be examining the reasoning behind the foreclosures and working with community partners like Salisbury Neighborhood Housing Services (SNHS) to come up with solutions for helping families keep their homes.
Already, SNHS plays a pivotal role in combating foreclosures. Executive Director Cheryl Meadows told the council that her agency serves around 250 families per year across the lower shore. Of those 250 families, SNHS is usually able to assist about 115 in coming to a successful solution through foreclosure counseling. The group also rehabilitates foreclosed properties and brings them back to the market.
Even with their best efforts, Meadows admitted that the foreclosure issue can feel like a "revolving door" with two cases popping up for everyone that is resolved. A foreclosure task force could go a long way in supporting what SNHS is already doing, she added.
The council was unanimously eager to do something to reduce foreclosure rates. However, there was concern over the proposed number of bank representatives versus residents and realtors.
"Looking at the makeup, I was curious as to why it was so heavy with bankers, to be blunt," said councilmember Laura Mitchell. "Three versus one for all of the others; I understand that it's a key component but it might be a little skewed."
While there might be the fear of bias, Meadows told Mitchell that, by and large, banks are committed to solving foreclosure problems in their communities, especially local banks.
"The local banks are very good to work with and they want to be part of the solution," Meadows said.
But the council still felt more comfortable in balancing the task force further by removing one of the three bank industry spots and adding another seat for a city resident, bringing the currently proposed composition of the group to one Realtor, two bankers, two citizens, one council appointed position and one member of the city staff.
The council agreed unanimously to bring the matter to the next legislative session for a vote.
Foreclosure Task Force Eyed In Salisbury
SALISBURY — Alarming foreclosure statistics have prompted the city of Salisbury to begin the process of developing a foreclosure task force.


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Crime victims find healing through restorative justice
Following the murder of her husband--a San Leandro, CA police officer--Dione Wilson struggled for years to move past her crippling grief. In an interview with San Francisco's KALW Public Radio station, Wilson describes her hope that a guilty verdict would bring her the peace she needed to move on with her life. "I had this little light at the end of the tunnel. I kept thinking, it's almost over, he's gonna get convicted. He's gonna be on death row. I'm gonna feel better. I'm gonna feel better. And then when it happened, and he did get put on death row, I waited, and I waited, and I waited. And I thought, Huh, well, it really didn't work. I don't feel better, I feel worse"
After exhausting all resources available in the criminal justice system, Wilson turned to the Insight Prison Project--a restorative justice (RJ) based organization which helps facilitate victim-offender dialogue meetings. Meetings such as these bring together offenders with those who have been harmed as a result of their crime to have a discussion around accountability, harm, and repair. Sonya Shah, the advocacy director of Insight Prison Project had the following to say about why crime victims often do not find healing through the traditional processes of the criminal justice system:
In that process, what's missing is nobody actually asks me as a person who's committed a crime what I've done. And nobody actually gives me an opportunity to take accountability. And on the side of a survivor, the victim of the crime, nobody asks that victim what they need. What the impact of the harm was. And what does the victim think the obligation is on the side of the person who's committed the harm. Victims are just used often to convict
In contrast, Shah continues, "Restorative justice invites a very different process of repairing harm. It takes into account crime survivor's needs, community safety, public safety, accountability, and really actually getting to the root causes of harm."
To hear about about Dione Wilson's inspiring story, click here to listen her interview on KALW.
For additional information on the exciting work underway at Insight Prison Project, visit their website by clicking here.


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Malini has mastered the state-of-the-art progression. True to her globe trotting nature, her theme picks the fluidity and submissiveness from the known and unknown materials. The collection exhibits an entirely different era. One can call it the transition mode—the Indian Classical music transcends into pop and the silhouettes also flow from basic opaque to flowing forms. The swimsuits were teamed up with fringed boleros. The fringes were emphasized in an engineered manner—they were played over with multi colours. The cuts were sexier and revealed mysterious elements. The collection had a very enigmatic approach when the halter-backs were showcased. There were nice cuts at the waist and empire-lines.
The Black and white dresses in chiffon and satin gave a marvelous portrayal of soft feminine elements. Once again the jumpsuits were straight and linear. The tie and dye effect was an eye-catching episode of entire collection. The designer created Ombre gradations with the blues and whites.


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Aviation History
94 FLIGHT, 20 January 1961 THE INDUSTRY Aircraft Industry Employment POURING October last year the number of people employed on*-* "aircraft manufacturing and repairing" in the United Kingdom rose by 2,100—the largest monthly increase for morethan four years—to 285,600. This total compared with 283,500 in September and 281,700 in August, and with the October 1959figure of 278,600. A peak post-war employment level of 265,000 was reached inJanuary 1957, this total being computed on a different basis to that of the 1960 figures. From then until August 1959, the industry'slabour force decreased to 235,200 (or 279,400 by the new system of reckoning); and apart from fluctuations of a few hundred, themonthly figure has remained constant until July last year, since when there has been an increase of 5,400. The October 1960figure (285,600) is roughly equivalent to 241,500 by the old system of computing, indicating that in a period of 3 years (sinceJanuary 1957) there has been a reduction of some 23,500, or nine per cent. The SBAC president, Sir George Dowty, said in a recentinterview with Mr Frank Beswick (Flight, January 6) that he did not expect "any substantial change" in the aircraft industryemployment situation "over, say, the next two years." English Electric Plastics A NEW reinforced-plastics division has been formed by theEnglish Electric Co Ltd. Its address is The English Electric Co Ltd, Reinforced Plastics Division, Freckleton Works, MillLane, Warton, Lanes (Freckleton 521), and reinforced-plastics work of the group will be centred at these works. The division,which has had long experience in the manufacture of aircraft components at Preston, will concentrate on twelve of the fifteenprocesses accepted in reinforced plastics. Manager of the division is Mr Charles Hayes. German Spraymat Manufacture BY a recent agreement, Westfalische Metall Industrie KG,Hueck & Co, of Lippstadt, have acquired the exclusive right to manufacture and sell Napier Spraymat electrical de-icingsystems throughout West Germany. D. Napier & Son Ltd are to supply all necessary drawings, reports, technical information andassistance, while in return WMI will in due course make available to Napier details of any refinements and improvements whichmay result from their development of the system. WMI production personnel are at present undergoing trainingat Napier's Luton factory, and full-scale production of Spraymat is due to start at Lippstadt in May next year. The Germancompany's initial task will be to equip the Lockheed F-104G Starfighters being built in Germany for the Dutch, Belgian andGerman air forces. Spraymat is also on order for the wings and tailplane of the Transall C.160. Blackburn Developments IN his New Year message to employees of the Blackburn Groupof companies the chairman, Mr A. F. Jopling, said that further expansion of the engine side of the industry was certain andoutside companies would have to be called in to help. He added: "the coming year seems certain to see a further increase in activity Appointed chief execu- tive (engineering) re- sponsible for all research and development acti- vities at the Manor Road factory of the de Havil- land Aircraft Co Ltd: Dr G. H. Hough, PhD, who since 1959 has been chief engineer in charge of all D.H. air-to-air guided weapon work. The plant, which before the D.H. aircraft and propeller companies amalgamated operated under the name of de Havilland Propel- lers Ltd, is engaged on air-to-air missiles, pro- pellers, fuel controls and other aircraft equipment One of the Industrial Acoustics Company's multi-jet suppressors ordered by the Royal Norwegian Air Force about to be loaded into a RNoAF C-119 at Northolt for delivery to Stavanger. The suppressor is mounted on a trailer fitted with hydraulic devices, allowing it to be angled into line with the jet orifice and so used for a variety of aircraft The one illustrated is for use with RF-84Fs, F-S6Fs, F-86Ks and T-33s. References to Industrial Acoustics suppressor equipment (in use at Lossiemouth and Prestwick) were made in "Flight" for April 75 and June 3 last year at Brough. In the Buccaneer, Blackburn Aircraft Ltd has anaircraft of the greatest importance and it is entirely reasonable to predict many years of development and production of thisaircraft, apart from other projects which we are studying. Black- burn Engines Ltd has expanded throughout 1960 and the existingand anticipated orders will call for further expansion at Brough and, in addition, for considerable help from outside." Blackburn Electronics Ltd, the latest Brough offshoot, reportssteady expansion and a healthy order-book. News of a production order for a second batch of starter trolleys for use by the RAFwas given by Blackburn on January 7. The number involved has not been stated. IN BRIEF Mr W. Spires, ARAes, MSE, has been appointed to the board of DownRotol Ltd. He joined Dowty in 1935 and was made service manager in 1944. The new address of Texas Instruments Ltd is Manton Lane, Bedford (Bedford 67466). Sqn Ldr David Masters, DFC, AFRAeS, until recently senior test pilotfor Fairey Aviation at Ringway Airport, Manchester has been appointed special contracts representative to the Derritron Electronics Group. Mr T. White Wilson, a director of Plessey International Ltd, has beenmaking an extensive tour of the Union of South Africa and Northern and Southern Rhodesia to further Plessey interests in those areas. Mr L. W. Tingle, commercial manager of the aviation division of theDunlop Rubber Co Ltd, recently retired after forty-nine years' service with the company. He was presented with a cheque subscribed for byexecutives and staff by Mr J. Darby, general manager of the Aviation Division, at a farewell party in his honour. Mr Stanley H. Goss has been appointed joint managing director, withMr L. G. Oxford, of Firth Cleveland Instruments Ltd, a member of the Firth Cleveland Group. In January last year Mr Goss was made ar.assistant managing director of Simmonds Aerocessories Ltd, parent company of Firth Cleveland Instruments Ltd; and he became a directorof Firth Cleveland Pumps Ltd when that company joined the Firth Cleveland Group in 1959. Smiths Aviation Division have received an order for Waymouth fuel-contents measuring equipment for the 24 D.H. Tridents now being built for BEA. As in the case of the Vickers VC10 (for which Smithsreceived a similar order), the Trident will have a development of the basic Waymouth Type 4 transistorized fuel contents gauge incorporatingfacilities for the accurate control of fuel load during ground handling. Delivery of the equipment is scheduled to begin early next year. Services provided by Welding Supervision Ltd and Cathodic Corro-sion Control Ltd (wholly owned subsidiaries of Constructors John Brown Ltd) have been amalgamated and will now be provided by a singlecompany, Corrosion & Welding Engineering Ltd, operating fro1" January 1 this year. The directors are Messrs R. M. Wynne-Edwards,C C. Bates, R. A. Lowe, H. M. Powell, J. A. R. Staniforth and H. D. Walker. Firth Cleveland Group have acquired the lease of 7 Cleveland R°«St James's, London SW1, a large block adjacent to the group's head- quarters at Stornoway House, Cleveland Row. The new offices will ™occupied by the home sales divisions of Simmonds Aerocessories Da. Firth Cleveland Instruments Ltd and Surfonn (Firth Cleveland TOOKLtd), and the home and export sales departments of British Lead bw* Ltd, Seculate Ltd and Richard Hill Ltd.
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