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After the launch of Moto G Turbo Edition in Mexico last month the device Motorola Moto G Turbo Edition launched in India at Rs 14499. The company was promoting the device in India from some time on social media. The specifications of Moto G Turbo Edition seems to similar than the Moto G 3rd Generation except Snapdragon 615 Processor and Turbo Charging feature which has been included in the Moto G Turbo Edition. The Turbo Charging feature is said to be that it can give 6 hours of backup within 15 minutes of charging. The Moto G Turbo Edition smartphone comes with a Turbo Charger to support the Qualcomm Quick Charge 2.0 feature in the phone.
Motorola Moto G Turbo Edition launched with a 5 Inch display smartphone which provides 1280 X 720 Pixel resolutions with IPS HD Display. The phone is powered with a Qualcomm Snapdragon 615 processor which supports the quick charge 2.0 feature. There is 16GB inbuilt storage on the phone which can also be expanded with the help of microSD card. There is 2 GB of RAM installed in the device. The camera part of the phone is same as the Moto G 3rd Generation. It has 13 Megapixel of rear camera with LED Flash. It also has a 5 Megapixel of front facing the camera. It is dual SIM smartphone which supports most connectivity features like 4G, 3G, 2G, Wi-Fi, GPS, and Bluetooth.
Motorola Moto G Turbo Edition is available in two variants – DeepSea Blue and Black, Slate and White. The device can be purchased exclusively at Flipkart from December 10th 12 PM IST. The price of Motorola Moto G Turbo Edition phone is Rs. 14499. It is a good phone for people who don't get time to charge their device or less electricity supply. The device is fully loaded with latest configuration and features. It is a good deal in Rs 14499.


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Join us in making a difference!
Thanks for your interest in Kidzone! Our programs are run entirely by donations, so we appreciate the generosity of everyone who gives. We receive donations through Canada Helps, as a ministry of Koinonia Christian Fellowship. You can choose to make a one-time donation, or give on a monthly basis.
If you prefer to give online, you can do so by clicking the button to the right. You will be taken to our online donation page where you can process both one-time and scheduled recurring gifts. Please select the KiDZONE option.
We appreciate all of the partners who support Kidzone on a regular basis. Thank you for supporting our vision to impact the next generation! If you or your business is interested in becoming one of our partners, please contact us - we would love to hear from you!

subset: commoncrawl


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Steps You Can Take To Lower Your Carbon Footprint
Only 40% of the average American's carbon footprint is due to their direct energy use. The other 60% is indirect; it comes from everything we buy and use—goods and services. Pay attention to your consumption and waste habits, and you'll find lots of opportunities to conserve.
•Buy local – Shipping burns fuel. A 5-pound package shipped by air across the country creates 12 pounds of carbon dioxide(3 ½ pounds if shipped by truck). Eating local also supports local agriculture.
•Eat less meat – Vegetarians save at least 3,000 pounds of carbon dioxide per year compared to meat eaters. Eating an all-vegetarian diet could cut your carbon footprint by half. If you're not a vegetarian, eat one or two more vegetarian meals each week. Poultry is also less greenhouse gas intensive than beef. Get on the Meatless Monday wagon!
•Don't waste food – Get creative in the kitchen. About one-third of all the food prepared annually in the U.S. gets tossed, producing methane in landfills as well as carbon emissions from transporting wasted food.
•Try home-composting – This reduces the transportation of waste and the amount of waste that is dumped into landfills; landfills are one of the largest contributors of methane in the U.S. It also makes for great nutrient rich fertilizer for your garden and plants!
•Avoid single-use plastic items – Plastics are made from petroleum-based products and often end up in the oceans and waterways; they are difficult to recycle and end up back in the landfills; they also require a lot of fossil fuels to produce and transport.
⁻Avoid plastic water, juice and soda bottles. Buy a stainless steel refillable bottle that will last for many years.
⁻ Avoid plastic bags – use reusable grocery bags and keep them in your car.
⁻ Avoid plastic straws, throw-away cleaning tools, coffee pods, single-use flossers, disposable utensils, takeout containers etc.
•Use public transportation when possible – Ditch the car and jump on a bus or a train. U.S. public transportation saves 37 million metric tons of carbon dioxide annually.
•Ride a bike – To work or to run errands. You'll save on gas, improve your health and help decrease your greenhouse gas emissions.
•Tires – Keep your tires properly inflated (just this can save 400-700 pounds of Carbon Dioxide per year).
•Buy a fuel efficient car – Compared to a 20 mpg car, 30 mpg will save an average of $1000 a year in fuel costs. If you can afford it, buy a hybrid or an electric car. If not, opt for a smaller, more fuel efficient vehicle.
•Programmable thermostat – Costs more or less $50, and will save you that much or more in just your first year!
•Lighting – Use LEDs instead of incandescent bulbs. They use 75% less energy; last 10 x longer and pay for themselves in the first 4 months.
•Insulation – Weather-stripping, caulking and insulation work together to save you energy, improve the comfort of your home, make it quieter and help you save money and the environment.
•Water-conserving shower heads & toilets – You can reduce water and heating costs, even in your bathroom. Save water by turning off the faucet when brushing, shaving or while doing the dishes.
•Adjust your water settings – Turn the hot water heater down to 120 degrees and wash your clothes in the cold water setting. This could save you $200-$300 a year and a lot less shrunk clothes!
•Appliances – Always pay attention to the total lifetime cost, including energy—not just the price tag. Look for the ENERGY STAR label for energy efficient models.
•Electronics –Turn things off. If you're going away or not using an item for awhile, unplug it to prevent "vampire" energy loss from electricity usage on standby. Turning off your lights and electronic devices could save you $100 per year. Don't forget to unplug your cell phone charger when not in use!
•Solar – We love solar! Consider installing solar panels on your rooftop. With today's falling prices, the ROI in South Florida can be between 6-7 years!
•Landscape your garden with native species.
•Stay informed – read, read, read. Stay up-to-date on the latest science, data and socially relevant issues. Understanding the facts is the best way to make informed decisions and help those close to you grasp the issues.
•Engage with candidates you wish to support and let them know climate change matters! VOTE for political candidates that are mindful of the environment despite party orientation. This is a non-partisan issue. Make sure your congressman and/or senator know you want them to act on climate change no matter what their religion or political views may be. There is no economy on a dead planet and climate change is the biggest threat to our youth.
•Become a climate speaker. CLEO will build your knowledge of climate science and solutions, so that you can effectively communicate the climate change information as a CLEO-certified climate speaker. We provide members with resources and coaching from scientists to help develop your presentation.
•It is hard to be carbon neutral, but you can always support carbon offset projects.


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Remove Promorewards.roadspace.biz virus
What is Promorewards.roadspace.biz?
Promorewards.roadspace.biz is a marketing platform that was misused by cyber criminals for their own needs. In most of the cases, these needs are to trick people into downloading suspicious programs, redirect them to suspicious websites and even make them reveal their personal information by offering them to take a part in some survey. If you have been suffering from Promorewards.roadspace.biz ads offering you to win iPhones and other prizes, you should stay away from them as far as you can. Also, this marketing platform may be misused for tricking you into believing that some of your programs are outdated. Please, do NOT fall into believing that you need to update your Java, Flash Player, download manager, one of your browsers, etc. because you can easily download suspicious programs to your computer. In most of the cases, such ads are used to trick people into downloading adware-type programs that may additionally initiate tons of annoying pop-up ads, redirects and similar unwanted activities. If you really think that you need to update something, go to the official website of this program and download your update. If you have been suffering from Promorewards.roadspace.biz ads for a while, check your computer with reputable anti-spyware to make sure that it is free of malicious programs. In most of the cases, the appearance of such ads reveals that computer has already been hijacked by adware.
How can Promorewards.roadspace.biz hijack my computer?
Promorewards.roadspace.biz may hijack your computer right after downloading a free program that was involved to the distribution of adware-type applications. In order to avoid them, you should always make sure that you double check every free program that you download to your computer. If people who have already downloaded it complain about redirects, pop-up ads and similar inconveniences, you should think whether you need this program or not. In addition, when installing a free program, select Custom or Advanced installation method. It will help you to see all optional downloads and will also give you ability to prevent their installation. If you haven't been careful when downloading free programs, it might be that Promorewards.roadspace.biz virus is already hiding in your PC system. Please, do NOT let it say there because you may be tricked into visiting unsafe websites, downloading suspicious programs to your computer or even revealing your personal information. Keep in mind that all alerts appearing during your browsing and reporting about missing updates or similar issues should be ignored. Clicking on them may lead you to various PC-related issues.
How to remove Promorewards.roadspace.biz virus?
If you want to fix your computer and get rid of Promorewards.roadspace.biz ads, you should follow a guide below. We recommend you selecting Automatic removal option because manual removal method doesn't guarantee that all potentially unwanted programs will be eliminated. If you select manual removal method, then make sure that you uninstall all suspiciously-looking programs, such as the ones that have 'conduit', 'yontoo', 'save', 'sale' and similar terms in their names. Of course, you should also don't forget to reset each of your web browsers.
You can remove virus damage automatically with a help of one of these programs: Reimage, SpyHunter 5Combo Cleaner, Malwarebytes. We recommend these applications because they detect potentially unwanted programs and viruses with all their files and registry entries that are related to them.
To remove Promorewards.roadspace.biz virus, follow these steps:
Get rid of Promorewards.roadspace.biz from Windows systems
- Click Start → Control Panel → Programs and Features (if you are Windows XP user, click on Add/Remove Programs).
- If you are Windows 10 / Windows 8 user, then right-click in the lower left corner of the screen. Once Quick Access Menu shows up, select Control Panel and Uninstall a Program.
Uninstall Promorewards.roadspace.biz and related programs
Here, look for Promorewards.roadspace.biz or any other recently installed suspicious programs.
- Uninstall them and click OK to save these changes.
Eliminate Promorewards.roadspace.biz from Mac OS X system
- If you are using OS X, click Go button at the top left of the screen and select Applications.
- Wait until you see Applications folder and look for Promorewards.roadspace.biz or any other suspicious programs on it. Now right click on every of such entries and select Move to Trash.
Delete Promorewards.roadspace.biz from Internet Explorer (IE)
Remove dangerous add-ons
Open Internet Explorer, click on the Gear icon (IE menu) on the top right corner of the browser and choose Manage Add-ons.
- You will see a Manage Add-ons window. Here, look for Promorewards.roadspace.biz and other suspicious plugins. Disable these entries by clicking Disable:
Change your homepage if it was altered by virus:
Click on the gear icon (menu) on the top right corner of the browser and select Internet Options. Stay in General tab.
- Here, remove malicious URL and enter preferable domain name. Click Apply to save changes.
Reset Internet Explorer
Click on the gear icon (menu) again and select Internet options. Go to Advanced tab.
- Here, select Reset.
- When in the new window, check Delete personal settings and select Reset again to complete Promorewards.roadspace.biz removal.
Erase Promorewards.roadspace.biz virus from Microsoft Edge
Reset Microsoft Edge settings (Method 1):
- Launch Microsoft Edge app and click More (three dots at the top right corner of the screen).
- Click Settings to open more options.
- Once Settings window shows up, click Choose what to clear button under Clear browsing data option.
- Here, select all what you want to remove and click Clear.
- Now you should right-click on the Start button (Windows logo). Here, select Task Manager.
- When in Processes tab, search for Microsoft Edge.
- Right-click on it and choose Go to details option. If can't see Go to details option, click More details and repeat previous steps.
- When Details tab shows up, find every entry with Microsoft Edge name in it. Right click on each of them and select End Task to end these entries.
Resetting Microsoft Edge browser (Method 2):
If Method 1 failed to help you, you need to use an advanced Edge reset method.
- Note: you need to backup your data before using this method.
- Find this folder on your computer:
- Select every entry which is saved on it and right click with your mouse. Then Delete option.
- Click the Start button (Windows logo) and type in window power in Search my stuff line.
- Right-click the Windows PowerShell entry and choose Run as administrator.
- Once Administrator: Windows PowerShell window shows up, paste this command line after PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> and press Enter:
Get-AppXPackage -AllUsers -Name Microsoft.MicrosoftEdge | Foreach {Add-AppxPackage -DisableDevelopmentMode -Register $($_.InstallLocation)\AppXManifest.xml -Verbose}
Once these steps are finished, Promorewards.roadspace.biz should be removed from your Microsoft Edge browser.
Remove Promorewards.roadspace.biz from Mozilla Firefox (FF)
Remove dangerous extensions
Open Mozilla Firefox, click on the menu icon (top right corner) and select Add-ons → Extensions.
- Here, select Promorewards.roadspace.biz and other questionable plugins. Click Remove to delete these entries.
Reset Mozilla Firefox
Click on the Firefox menu on the top left and click on the question mark. Here, choose Troubleshooting Information.
- Now you will see Reset Firefox to its default state message with Reset Firefox button. Click this button for several times and complete Promorewards.roadspace.biz removal.
Uninstall Promorewards.roadspace.biz from Google Chrome
Delete malicious plugins
Open Google Chrome, click on the menu icon (top right corner) and select Tools → Extensions.
- Here, select Promorewards.roadspace.biz and other malicious plugins and select trash icon to delete these entries.
- Click on menu icon again and choose Settings → Manage Search engines under the Search section.
- When in Search Engines..., remove malicious search sites. You should leave only Google or your preferred domain name.
Reset Google Chrome
Click on menu icon on the top right of your Google Chrome and select Settings.
- Scroll down to the end of the page and click on Reset browser settings.
- Click Reset to confirm this action and complete Promorewards.roadspace.biz removal.
Get rid of Promorewards.roadspace.biz from Safari
Remove dangerous extensions
Open Safari web browser and click on Safari in menu at the top left of the screen. Once you do this, select Preferences.
- Here, select Extensions and look for Promorewards.roadspace.biz or other suspicious entries. Click on the Uninstall button to get rid each of them.
Reset Safari
Open Safari browser and click on Safari in menu section at the top left of the screen. Here, select Reset Safari....
- Now you will see a detailed dialog window filled with reset options. All of those options are usually checked, but you can specify which of them you want to reset. Click the Reset button to complete Promorewards.roadspace.biz removal process.
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It is extremely unwinding when we go with our companions. Since you require not mind everyone and everyone deals with themselves. Be that as it may, with family, you have deal with everyone.
Your family might be your better half and youngsters or even your folks and kin moreover. You may on journey or some colorful get-away or cool slope station. Whichever way you ought to set up an arrangement for fruitful travel which must give you unwinding and sentiment revival when you return.
Before wandering out, avoiding potential risk with few stages which will spare your cash and different troubles that you may confront later on.
Get the total information about the place you are going to. Understand that data from your companions and relatives who have gone by the place. Ask them offices accessible at that place and troubles confronted by them and how to bargain in such circumstances. On the off chance that your companions or relatives not went to that place, then check everything however web, for example, Google look and so forth. Get the entire data about Hotel stay, spots to visit there and cost to be brought about furthermore accessibility of transport. On the off chance that you are wanting to visit more than one place, then find associating transport and Hotel stay furthermore sustenance that is accessible there. Assess the aggregate cost and be readied 10 percent more to spend.
Much of the time you can pay by Credit or Debit cards. In any case, numerous conditions emerge where you need to pay by fluid money as it were. Additionally you may get an ATM where it won't not work.
Get ready FOR ANY ILLNESS DURING JOURNEYS:
When you go with your families, kids or your matured guardians may turn out to be sick because of any reason. So you should convey a few pharmaceuticals for cool, hack, body torments or notwithstanding for strains or wounds. Convey basic pharmaceuticals of your matured guardians or notwithstanding for you if there should be an occurrence of delayed sicknesses, for example, diabetics and so forth. Take all therapeutic medical coverage approaches with you furthermore specialist's medicines and so forth for any reference.
Get ready FAMILY MEMBERS FOR YOGA AND OTHER EXERCISES:
This may look something bit troublesome or amusing. In any case, attempt to influence your mate and guardians to do some yoga or high impact exercise with the goal that they are fit and fine all through the adventure. Numerous inn are presently a days giving Gyms and so on. So that every one of you can exploit the same. On the off chance that nothing is accessible then yoga and breathing activities are the best things to do.


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The best exercise to lose weight is, unfortunately, non-existent because there is no single exercise that contributes to weight loss on its own.
However, by the time you get done with this article, you'll be fully equipped to get the most out of your exercise routine to lose weight (mostly from fat) and keep it off.
In saying that, let's go over some of the ideas for why you're looking for the best exercise to lose weight.
Check out this article for the secret!


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the senior source
The mission of The Senior Source is to enhance the overall quality of life and empower ALL older adults in greater Dallas to THRIVE.
"It all started when...
... my siblings and I were caring for my parents, who unfortunately were both bedridden at the end of their lives. Fortunately, they were well cared for with in-home, around-the-clock attention. That experience really opened my eyes to the importance of consistent, capable care for the elderly. It made me wonder how other people in my parents' condition are able to manage if they don't have the resources they need. Shortly after Dad passed in 2004, I began researching organizations that supported seniors. That's when I found the Senior Source. Their mission is to provide resources and help for seniors who need it most.
To honor Mom and Dad, I knew I wanted to raise awareness for The Senior Source. In 2006, we completed our first project, a piggy bank collection with a local bank. That was great, but I wanted to do more. Soon after forming The Bird Dogs, we began brainstorming ways to use music to help the cause. And that's how JubJam began. Our first concert was in 2011. Fast forward to today... 2017 is our 6th Annual JubJam.
What began as a small tribute concert has now transformed into a premier event featuring the biggest names in Texas country. Thanks to the generous support of the P1s and our sponsors, The Senior Source receives thousands of dollars every year to help seniors in need. I think Mom and Dad would like that." -- George Dunham


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Spectacular Ending for Relentless Boardmasters 2009
Written by: Press Release
Submitted: 9 August 2009
The Relentless Boardmasters in association with Vans 2009 finished today to a packed beach graced with sunshine yet again.
Relentless Boardmasters 2009
The Relentless Aerial Assault final took place in 2 to 3ft conditions this afternoon, amongst the competitors were Englishmen, Oli Adams, Alan Stokes, Reubyn Ash, Joss Ash and Nathan Phillips stepping up to the challenge of performing aerial manoeuvres dictated by the Relentless wheel of fortune. Reubyn Ash was wowing the crowd with his trademark aerial 360 and Oli Adams pulled off a couple of near perfect air reverses.
Micah Lester progressed into the final against Reubyn Ash, it was a tough final with the results being a point apart in the last minutes. But Micah had a little more air in his manoeuvres and went onto clinch the title and be the 2009 winner, taking home the £1000 prize.
Vert Skate 2009
The Trade Village saw its busiest day yet with beach goers making the most of the final day of trading. The Lynx and Aero stands were giveaway happy, with goodies being snapped up by people on their way into the trade village.
The Vans Summer Sessions Vert Skate final concluded the skating today with a battle of the Nations. American shredders Alex Perelson and Neal Hendrix showed their skills, with Perelson attempting a 900 which has never been done on English soil. Young guns Sam Beckett and Cornish boy Sam Bosworth were flying the flag for the English competitors, and showed the emerging talent coming out of the country. Boardmasters regular, Frenchman Terence Bougdour stepped up to the challenge as did fellow Frenchman Joris Brichet.
The final saw all of the skaters on top form, with Alex Perelson becoming Relentless Boardmasters in association with Vans Vert skate champion 2009.
Cypress Hill
The Relentless Boardmasters in association with Vans music festival also ended last night to a jam packed, sun kissed crowd.
With over 100 bands playing across the 4 stages it cemented the festival as the biggest and best line up in the 5 years the Watergate Bay music festival has been running. On the Vans stage Pulled Apart by Horses rocked hard as the crowd turned into a frenzied mosh pit. The main stage was graced with music legends Super Furry Animals and headliners Cypress Hill who gave an outstanding performance of some of there infamous tunes.
front row
The Pendulum Dj set closed the night on the Relentless stage and was jam packed with drum and bass fanatics.
The beach clean will be from 8 to 10am tomorrow morning, with the volunteer cleaners earning themselves free weekend tickets to Boardmasters 2010.
For more information regarding the event please contact Sportsvision on: 02073485200


text:
- Are we secure?
Yes! SEE THE PADLOCK IN THE URL!
- What is the shipping policy?
Karma Baskets and Gifts do not ship Saturdays, Sundays or on national holidays. Orders ship within 3-10 business days. Occasionally, orders will take longer depending on product availability. We will notify you if this is the case with your order.
Continental US orders are shipped via USPS. All continental US orders must ship to a physical address, please do not use a PO Box as your shipping address.
Credit Card approval must be obtained before the order is shipped. You will receive a follow-up email confirming the total of your order, including shipping and handling charges and sales tax.
- How much is shipping?
The cost of shipping will vary depending on where you are shipping to, what is being shipped, i.e., weights, etc. Shipping charges are calculated at checkout.
- When does an order ship?
Delivery of your gift of positive energy may take 3-10 business days from the time of your order. We will contact you if we anticipate a major delay in the order.
- What forms of payment do you accept?
We accept American Express, Mastercard, Visa, We do not accept Discover, Cash or Travelers Checks.
- Karma Baskets and Gifts will work hard to Gift Positive Energy with every purchase made. However, sometimes the universe just doesn't seem to cooperate. Below please review our return policy, should you experience anything less than a positive energy experience.
1. All items must be returned within 14 days of receipt for a full refund, minus shipping and handling.
2. Personalized gifts such as astrology reports, cannot be returned, so please be sure that you are accurate when filling out the form regarding your lucky recipient of an astrology report.
3. If an item is damaged upon receipt, please email pictures of the damaged packaging and items to Karma Baskets and Gifts at, email@example.com, as soon as possible, so we may submit a claim with our shipper. We also will happily ship you a replacement gift, or a full refund.
Karma Baskets and Gifts - Gifting Positive Energy!


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Acupuncture, Cupping & Chinese Herbs
Acupuncture and Chinese medicine are safe, effective and drug-free therapies that can help address a wide variety of common ailments and problems.
What is Acupuncture?
An effective system of medicine that involves inserting very fine needles at certain points (acupoints) along meridian or muscle pathways of the body. Acupuncture can help restore physical, mental and emotional conditions.
Acupuncture has been used for over 3000 years and has been gaining popularity in the West due to it's effectiveness in treating a wide range of health concerns.
Acupuncture is most well known for it's amazing ability to treat acute and chronic pain but it is also used in the treatment of many other health concerns. The World Health Organization recognized acupuncture to be an effective treatment for:


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Moroccans approve king's constitutional reforms
Issued on: Modified:
Moroccans on Friday voted overwhelmingly to transfer some of the king's powers to the prime minister in a constitutional referendum called by King Mohammed VI in response to pro-democracy protests
AFP - Morocco's King Mohammed VI called Saturday for parliamentary elections to be held soon, in his first speech since a July 1 referendum overwhelmingly approved curbing some of his prerogatives.
"We must begin by the election of a new house of representatives... so that a new head of government can be named from the party which comes first," he said.
In his annual speech from the throne the king warned that any delay threatened the "dynamic of confidence" produced by the reforms and the opportunities they offered.
"Political parties are asked to redouble their efforts in favour of the reconciliation of citizens, particularly the young, with political action," he said.
The political climate is tense in Morocco as the king attempts to prevent any contagion of the Arab Spring protests that have sent shockwaves across the region.
Yet far from nipping democratic aspirations in the bud, the July 1 vote fuelled popular demands for greater social justice.
Thousands of people gathered in several cities on July 17 for rallies demanding more sweeping reforms of the Arab world's oldest reigning monarchy.
The date of the upcoming elections is a subject of regular negotiations between the interior ministry and the country's political parties but has remained undetermined so far.
Morocco's youth-based February 20 movement however has called for fresh rallies on Sunday to continue pressing for a parliamentary monarchy.


text: Sometimes people asked me: Do you also surf? Most of the time now I would rather be photographing, I prefer to document the spirit of surfing perfect waves, real waves, with my friends. Besides surfing now is so full of shit: surf schools, surf camps, kids with surf teachers… Every 2 or 3 months I do go for a surf though, a bit stiff, but I still can make a decent snap.


text:
Robert Watt is Departmental Lecturer in the History of Philosophy at the University of Oxford, attached to Trinity College. He was previously a Lecturer at the University of Cambridge and a Junior Research Fellow at Christ Church, Oxford. He was awarded a DPhil in Philosophy by the University of Oxford in 2014. Before that he took a BPhil in Philosophy at Balliol College, Oxford and a BA in Politics, Philosophy and Economics at Magdalen College, Oxford.
His academic research focuses on the theoretical philosophy of Immanuel Kant. He also has interests in ethics and political philosophy.


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It's REALLY cold outside, and its not even winter, yet! We have snow on the ground, frost on the windows and if you're not dressed properly, you'll feel like your toenails are going to freeze off!
But you want to go winter camping, hike in the snow, and participate in the Klondike Derby. So what's a scout to do?
The problem is that most people don't dress properly when it's cold. You've heard that you need to dress in layers and wear a hat, but that's the extent of most common wisdom. The truth is that you need to dress in the correct layers AND wear the right type of clothing. (Two pairs of blue jeans doesn't work. In fact, one pair of blue jeans doesn't work. The same goes with your standard cotton athletic socks. If you dress in the wrong type of material, you're asking for frostbite and hypothermia. Read on for information on how to dress properly.)
Special note about color. I don't care if your clothing matches or not. I care that you're warm. But there's an exception. When it's cold out, its often hunting season. So you should make sure that you have hunter's orange available for your head and body. These can be as simple as a vest you wear over everything, or it can be the color of your gear. Check the state hunting regulations for details on the hunting season and the color requirements for clothing.
Cold can get you in any of the following ways:
- Convection (wind)
- Conduction (touching something cold)
- Respiration (yes, breathing)
- Radiation (exposed skin radiates heat)
- Evaporation (e.g. sweating)
Respiration is negligible, except in extreme conditions which we normally don't experience in Pennsylvania. But the others are dealt with a good layering system with the right materials.
Conduction requires insulation. Convection requires a wind-break. Radiation requires your entire body (e.g. wear a hat) to be covered. And for evaporation, it's critical that you keep water (including sweat) away from your skin. In fact, wet against skin can cause you to lose body heat more than 10 times faster than normal!
So how do we dress properly?
3-tier system
I preach the 3 tier system of staying warm. Every body part should employ this method. Note that each tier can have multiple layers in it.
- Moisture wicking base layer.
- Middle insulating layer.
- Outer shell.
Moisture Wicking Base Layer
- Materials: polypro, silk
- Recommendations: balaclava, sock liners, upper and lower body armor, gloves with liners
Stay away from cotton! This is your base layer that goes against your skin, so it's important that it wicks away moisture. Cotton doesn't do that, but there are materials that do. Think polypropylene (e.g. Body Armor). Another great insulator is silk. This is going to replace your underwear and socks and should cover your entire body from head to toe.
Your head will benefit from a balaclava made from synthetic material. Your feet will need to have sock liners (which you should wear when hiking, anyway).
Dressing like this will wick moisture away from every inch of your skin, keeping you from getting cold due to evaporation. Covering your skin helps keep you warm from radiation loss.
Middle Insulating Layer
- Materials: wool, polyester fleece
- Recommendations: fleece hat, zipped fleece jacket, fleece pants, wool jacket, ski gloves
Stay away from cotton! This means, no blue jeans and avoid cotton sweatshirts. When this stuff gets wet, it loses its insulating ability. If only from sweat, it WILL get wet, eventually.
Choose materials like wool or polyester fleece. When those materials get wet, they still keep you warm. But beware, wool against skin isn't fun for a lot of people, so make sure you have a base layer that covers all your skin.
This is the perfect tier to add more layers. When things warm up, they're not bad to take off. I prefer having a fleece jacket with a full zipper on my body, which allows me to unzip to help cool off.
On your feet, put wool socks over your sock liners. And on your hands, ski gloves usually have multiple layers that will work well as a single unit. But consider wearing mittens because they're actually warmer.
Even my head gets an insulating layer. I wear a fleece cap to keep me warm. This is one of the most important pieces of gear you can wear in the winter since radiation loss from your head can account for huge amounts of body heat loss. Simply putting an insulating cap on your head (note the materials I suggest) will help keep you warm. In fact, most times I'm told that someone's feet or hands are cold, I usually notice that they didn't have on a good hat!
Outer Shell
- Materials: Gore-Tex is the gold standard
- Recommendation: weather-proof jacket with hood, ski pants, waterproof boots
This is wear we protect ourselves from the wind and elements. This tier has two jobs – keep the elements out and let your perspiration breath through the fabric.
Ski suits are good for this tier. Avoid things like down because they're worthless when they get wet. Also avoid nylon or PVC type outer shells because they don't breath well. Gore-Tex is your best bet if you can find it.
You want to wear a jacket with a hood you can pull over that will keep the rain, snow and wind from getting to your body. So that jacket needs to be somewhat waterproof. You'll need similar type pants. On your feet, broken in boots that are waterproof are a must-have. And on your hands, those ski gloves are great for helping keep you warm, though most of these types of gloves aren't very good for work.
Cotton kills in the wet and cold. Avoid it.
Dress in 3 distinct tiers, layering your clothes. Get clothes of the right material!
Get outside and have fun in the winter!


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AFI Far South
1011 FM 1626, Manchaca, tx 78652
Our far south location is inside the Manchaca United Methodist Church. Coming from 35, you will take the first turn into the church on the left. If you are coming from Slaughter, take the second turn to the right. The office is inside the east entrance closest to FM 1626. Once you walk inside the door, the first door on the right opens to a hallway where our small office is located. Your therapist will be waiting for you there.
Associate Therapists offering services on a sliding scale at the AFI Far South:
To request an appointment at AFI Far South, use the form at the bottom of this page or call us today at 512-329-6611.


text: I have to admit this day was really depressing for me. I remember watching the first shuttle launch with my parents and it was one of the coolest things I had seen as a kid. Since then I have been a space nut. I was careful to take a few shots and then watch with my own eyes as the shuttle came back around for its final landing.


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The Service
We'll have a pre-shoot meeting to discuss your hopes and visions for the final images. At this meeting we will discuss the story you want to tell, and plan the shoot. We can do this any way you prefer; face-to-face, telephone, Skype. Whatever suits you best.
The shoot will take place at a setting or number of settings chosen by you. Most sessions last between 2 and 3 hours.
Digital processing of images, including artwork that you would like me to apply (this includes black and white conversions).
Other less expensive packages are available. Please contact me for information and prices.
The Products
Stunning, one-of-a-kind small, medium or large photobooks. Large books are hard-cover and come with a printed dust jacket and customised inside flaps.
USB Flash-drive containing all the images and a customised slideshow, set to music of your choice.
Prints (framed, loose, aluminium, canvas, stand-out, board)
Mugs, mouse-pads, aprons, T-shirts, almost anything!
Online gallery to show your images to your friends and family.
My email address is email@example.com
You can also contact me on 0417 340 994.
I am based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia


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Nuggets' Kenneth Faried to compete in dunk contest at all-star weekend
Nuggets forward Kenneth Faried has been selected to take part in the slam-dunk competition during all-star weekend Saturday night, Feb. 16 in Houston, the team announced Thursday.
Faried, 23, joins defending champion Jeremy Evans of the Utah Jazz and Eric Bledsoe of the Los Angeles Clippers on the Western Conference team. They will compete against Eastern Conference representatives Gerald Green of the Indiana Pacers, Terrence Ross of the Toronto Raptors and James White of the New York Knicks.
Faried will be the sixth Nuggets player to compete in an NBA slam-dunk competition. The others are Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf (1993), Robert Pack (1994), Darvin Ham (1997), Chris Andersen (2004) and J.R. Smith (2009).
After being named to the 2011-12 NBA all-rookie first team last season, Faried has continued his strong play this season. He has started every game for Denver and is averaging 12.0 points and 9.7 rebounds.


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VHC Buffalo Red Check Farmhouse Short Curtain Panel Set
VHC Buffalo Red Check Farmhouse Short Curtain Panel Set
The classic farmhouse look of the Buffalo Red Check Short Panel Set of 2 adds a flare of rural sophistication to any room with its large scale red and white checks. Includes 2 matching tie-backs.
- Large scale red and white check fabric
- Lined with white cotton
- Hem fold
- Includes 2 matching tie-backs
- Single fabric: Machine stitched
- Dimensions: L63"xW36"
- Weight: 2.2 lb
- Material: 100% cotton
- Components: 2 panels with matching tie backs
- Header: 2" ruffle and 3.25" rod pocket
- Colors: country red, cotton white
- Manufacturer Country: India
- Care: Machine wash in cold water with like colors, gentle cycle. No chlorine bleach. Tumble dry low, remove promptly. Iron if needed.
sold out


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Stock #: 5341
Vin: 1GC4KXBG7AF145341
Year: 2010
Make: Chevrolet
Model: Silverado 2500HD
Trim: LT1 Crew Cab 4WD
Mileage: 142,021
Engine: 6.0L V8
Transmission: Automatic
Drive Train: 4WD
Body Type:
Color: Silver
Interior Color: Black
Interior Type:
Magic Motors
Sales Dept
7960 Florida Blvd
Baton Rouge,
I hereby consent to receive text messages from or on behalf of dealer at the mobile phone number I provided above. I understand that I am opting in to receive text messages from dealer or their employees. I include consent to receive phone calls at the mobile phone number I provided. I understand that message and data rates may apply.


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Miami BeachFood, Drinks + Pool Parties
Experience the all-out fun of Clevelander Hotel's POOL + PATIO any time of the day or night. The patio features three bars and a huge selection of fantastic food, which you can enjoy while experiencing our signature fun, friendly service and live entertainment seven days a week.
Stop by for brunch before heading to the beach for some much-needed sun, or just relax right here by the pool with a drink in your hand. Frozen Margaritas and Pina Coladas are the perfect way to beat the heat. Our lunch and dinner menus have plenty to satisfy your hunger after a day of shopping or exploring Miami, including items such as Crispy Calamari, Margherita Pizza, The Clevelander Burger and molten chocolate cake. Our menus change with the season to ensure the freshest, best-tasting flavors.
We even offer bottle service for those special occasions. Email us at firstname.lastname@example.com for more info.


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TURLOCK - Police are investigating the death of two people who were found shot in a car near Highway 99 as a double homicide.
About 2:13am police received several calls of a vehicle found stopped near Fulkerth Road and Highway 99. The vehicle had obvious signs of having been struck by gunfire. Witnesses located two victims inside the vehicle, a driver and passenger, who were both dead.
Police arrived and found the two victims and called out detectives to take over the investigation and process the scene for any evidence.
Authorities did not release the identity of the victims, any suspect information or a motive Thursday. They are asking anyone who may have any information to contact Detective Brandon Bertram at (209) 664-7323 or Crime Stoppers at (209) 521-4636 where callers can remain anonymous.


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When will I get my new gear?
We will get your order out the door as fast as possible, usually within 1 business day. If you order by 11am EST, we will get it on its way same day. Expedited shipping is always an option for those times where your excitement or your trip can't wait!
Want to make a change to your order? No problem. Call our shop at 614-447-8902 and we'll be happy to assist you with any changes.
How will my order ship?
You tell us how you want it! We can do Ground, 2 Day, and Overnight on most products. We try to us the USPS as much as possible and shipping rates will be displayed before checkout.
Please note FedEx Ground does not deliver to P.O. Boxes or Military APO/FPO addresses. These shipments will be delivered by USPS Priority Mail and the shipping rate is based on the weight and shipping location.
You are my favorite store, but I am in Australia, do you ship internationally?
We currently only ship within the United States, but we would love to come visit!
Standard Shipping: All orders placed before 11am EST will ship within one business day (order placed on Monday before 11am will leave on Tuesday or sooner). Orders placed after 11am EST will ship within one to two business days (ex. order placed on Monday afternoon will leave on Wednesday). Standard shipping times are 2-10 business days from the time it leaves with the first business day being the day of pick up from our location. Alaska and Hawaii may experience longer shipping times. Orders placed after 11am EST on Fridays or over the weekend will be processed on Monday. P.O. Boxes and APO/FPO addresses will ship via USPS Priority Mail and transit times are 2-12 business days.
2-Day: All orders placed before 11am EST will ship that same business day. Orders placed after 11am EST will ship the next business day. P.O. Boxes and APO/FPO addresses are not eligible for FedEx 2-Day service. Expedited shipments to Alaska and Hawaii are not guaranteed.
Overnight: Please call to schedule this CRAZY FAST shipping option.
If you placed an order and have any concerns about when it will ship, please don't hesitate to call us at 614-447-8902.


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This past weekend I hosted a baby shower at my home for a very dear friend. She is one of those friends that when I feel insane she seems to always have the words to make me sane once again. She is pregnant for the second time, this time with a sweet boy named Caleb who happens to be due very close to my birthday in August. Here is her day...
The beautiful guest of honor being swallowed by all her gifts.
Flowers were in great abundance thanks to a friend who has amazing hydrangea bushes galore.
The invite is by Announcing You on Etsy. She was kind enough to set it up so I could print my own on 110 lb. cardstock.
I made the onsie designs to hang as you entered my home and again with the amazing flowers.
The banner is from Tomorrow's October on Etsy.
Plates, forks and real napkins ready and waiting.
Just in case you wanted a closer look.
Brooke from Blueprint Bliss was so sweet and allowed me to borrow her stunning tumblers by Roost, they are the ones in the tray. I think I need to buy a few sets for myself. Thank you so much Brooke, they were a hit!
The yummy food table. I wanted to incorporate the rich blues and hydrangeas ever since seeing this post by Jennifer.
A close up of the almond danish swirls made by the wonderful friend with the hydrangeas. They are quite easy and make for a delicious treat.
The mother to be {again} and all her hostesses. I am the one in white just in case you were wondering.


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History has shown that changing social perceptions of marginalized people is one of the most impactful ways of creating change. Realizing that those viewed as "other" or "different" are actually very similar to everyone else – that we as humans share so many common goals and dreams, such as happiness, love, family, and community. The marriage equality movement, the women's rights movement, the ongoing civil rights fight – all of these have benefited from conveying the universal truth that all people are just that: people, deserving to be recognized, humanized, and to have their basic rights respected. And the way to accomplish this is often accompanied with the sharing of personal experiences and stories from the members of these marginalized groups. We can currently see this happening even more within the disability rights movement.
One example is Karin Hitselberger of the blog Claiming Crip. Working on a Master's Degree in Disability Studies, Hitselberger started her blog while she was an intern in Washington DC with the American Association of People with Disabilities. In her blog description, Hitselberger states that Claiming Crip is "about claiming my identity and not having it thrust upon me by other people." She has filled her online journal with stories and reflections on living in our society as someone with a disability that is not always accommodated or accepted. Her strong will and determination shine through articles with titles such as "I'm Not a Pet and I'm Not a Coathanger, Stop Touching Me!" and "Being My Friend Does Not Make You a Hero."
In these pieces Hitselberger emphasizes that people who use wheelchairs have just as much of a right to courtesy and respect as people who do not, explaining that even her friends sometimes place bags or purses on her wheelchair without asking her first. She states that "they forget that my chair is an extension of me," and that "it blows my mind every day how people do and say things to me that they would never do or say to me if I wasn't in a wheelchair." Hitselberger's sentiments are similar to those expressed by Alex Stoffel, a Rooted in Rights contributor.
Hitselberger also critiques a recent news story covering when two North Carolina State University athletes ate lunch with a student who used a wheelchair. According to Hitselberger, the article received comments such as "inspirational," and "extraordinary." In response, Hitselberger argues that such stories are not news and "pitching it as such is damaging. These football players are not heroic, and perpetuating the idea that they are simply for sitting and having lunch with a fellow college student who happens to be in a wheelchair is incredibly ableist, as well as damaging and destructing." She concludes with saying that, "We have to stop perpetuating the ableist idea that being friends with or associating with disabled people automatically makes an able-bodied person somehow better than everybody else."
The above descriptions are of just a few of Hitselberger's articles. Her most popular pieces have received upwards of forty comments a piece. If you would like to learn more about Karen Hitselberger or read her work, you can visit her blog Claiming Crip.


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Thursday 24 November 2016
For the kayakers, yes I paddled today. 71km Hamiltons Gap - South Kaipara, 10 hours: 6am to 4pm, 7km approx per hour.
It is nearly to good to believe. I paddled again today. The ocean was not going to let me cruise out easily from this beach; it gave me a full on test of my strength and wave skills. Today I survived, it was typical; you see a calm patch you push off and then the waves and ocean turn nasty. It is like Mother Nature is playing with you like a cat with a mouse. As I had totally committed I had no turning back and I got face fulls of water at every wave that crashed towards me, at least 5 sets knocked me to a stand still, and then you have to gain momentum before the next wave. It's hard to win the game, breathing hard and not willing to give up I know I have maybe 2 big waves to get past and to safety out the back and on the calmer waters. I look up and, holy crap, in front of me the second to last wave was like a huge wall towering down on me. I paddled up and up, and as I paddled I was saying "don't break, please don't break over me!" With a massive thwack Louise and I landed with a thud over the wave!
With no time to catch my breath or even think I got over the next one and could see it getting easier. Did I stop then!! No damn way! I paddled for 100 or more strokes then had a laugh with Bianca over the VHF, got sorted, set my tracker going and was off towards more waves and the Manukau Harbour entrance. Oh how this place has haunted me. Like the Cook Strait there has only ever been bad stories. Even when I chatted with the Coast Guards about it the comment back was "it is one of the most dangerous bars in the Southern Hemisphere" and I was paddling towards it now, for enjoyment! (Shit Red are you crazy? I most certainly have proved that.)
I promised myself to go wide, not try to cut any corners, and to miss anything that looked like turning into a wall of foaming water, so even though I thought I could see a gap closer in I did not dare to go in that direction. But today the Manukau Harbour was having a rare calm and beautiful day. There where some big rolling swells but it was not a mess and I only have a nice story to say about this crossing. As I got halfway across my most difficult times where when I had to try and keep my eye out for all the small fishing craft also making the most of this wonderful day and heading out for some west coast fishing. About a dozen boats raced out in front of me as it neared high tide, so as Paul Caffyn would say "Red you are one blessed and damn lucky lass!" Today I truly was.
As I rechecked my navigation to aim back towards Piha I laughed as a small craft zipped out of the inner northern passage, the one I did not dare to take! I probably could have saved myself a few kilometres today, but best to be safe. Piha looked beautiful this morning and I was making good time today. My first VHF checkpoint and then off towards Muriwai. As I paddled I admired the ever changing scenery. Gone were the scared and eroded sand dunes, replaced with the green bush clad hills and rugged out-crops of rocks. Well it was like that until I arrived at Muriwai for my second checkpoint. Then the long beach paddle towards my final destination today about 10km before the Kaipara Harbour mouth.
This was more about watching the wave patterns, counting the kilometres and making sure I did not get to close to the beach and get hit by the bigger wave sets when they rolled in. As the out going tide turned the waves picked up and my heart sunk. Here we go, another big tough landing. The 30km ticked by, also the waves did settle and there was some calm moments in patches. I get a message to say the crew are parked on the beach in Jason's ute. Well I scan the beach. It is as if they have driven and moved my finishing point. Where the heck is the ute and the team? I do not want to paddle to a new mystery location. It may be hard to explain but when you know you have nearly finished, to not see the crew makes you wonder how far they have parked up the beach. Have they gone to the edge of the Kaipara Harbour? I hoped not!
At last I see a welcome sight, the pink shirts on the top of a sand dune. We chat over the VHF then I pack down my gear and get ready for a sprint finish, but it is about 500m to the shore and the big wave sets will catch me. I'm just hoping to get as close as possible before I end up dunking! They do catch me and I end up surfing down the face of the last wave, and yes I end up going for a swim on this landing. It was fine to be honest, my pride was not hurt, shit like this happens.
Both Bianca and Jase grab Louise and I enjoy the refreshing swim in with the last few waves. On the sand we laugh as I hear news that Jase got the ute stuck in the sand! I sit and eat popcorn as the crew load up Louise. Then we watch a local and his mates launch his large boat and negotiate the waves! Crazy stuff. I wish I had a motor. We drive to a little location to camp for the night by the Kaipara Harbour (Shelley Beach). It is calm, cute and very tranquil, I love it.
Dinner, a cold refreshing shower and then more fun killing bloody mosquitos that have invaded the camper-van! A note has been made to buy fly-spray tomorrow! My paddling for the week has been halted. The winds return and I go back to waiting, hopefully not for too long. Lastly, I have dreamed all along that I would paddle this exact section on a beautiful day and today my dreams came true. Yes, I was blessed.
My smiles today:
My break out paddle today. Epic.
Piha from my kayak.
Manukau Harbour crossing. Wow.
The ever changing scenery.
Dead mosquitoes!!
The Kaipara Harbour.
My thoughts today:
I still have a long way to go, but I'm already so far from where I used to be and I am proud of that.
Goodnight from Red, Bianca, Louise and Cuzzie.
Ma Te Wa.


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Sweeter than honey
July Summit
Arts and the Word
October 19 Conference
Dr Dan White, Executive Director of Sydney Catholic Schools.
Dr Dan White is currently the Executive Director of Sydney Catholic Schools for the Archdiocese of Sydney. Prior to his appointment Dr White was the Director of Catholic Education for the Archdiocese of Hobart for six years. He previously served in senior leadership roles as an Area Administrator in the Diocese of Parramatta and as a School Consultant in the Diocese of Bathurst. His teaching experience embraced a number of Catholic primary schools in Western Sydney where he was a primary principal for nine years.
Academically he completed his Bachelor of Arts and Diploma of Education at Macquarie University, followed by a Postgraduate Diploma of Religious Studies from the Catholic College of Education. Subsequently he completed two Masters degrees in Leadership and Religious Education and concluded a Doctoral program with the Australian Catholic University in 2005. In 2014, Dr White successfully completed the Oxford Advanced Management and Leadership Programme (OAMLP) at the Säid Business School in the University of Oxford.
Dr White's research interests have included investigations into brain-based learning theory and its practical implications for classroom pedagogy, especially in the field of religious education. He has also written extensively in the areas of religious identity, collaborative leadership and reflective practice. Dr White is the co-author of seven educational resource books focusing particularly on higher order learning and thinking strategies. His most recent publications include
Into the Desert
Desert Wisdom
. His current research project involves an exploration of the cultural context of 1st Century Palestine and its implications for understanding the Scriptures.
Dr White is a Fellow of both the Australian College of Educators and the Australian Council of Educational Leaders. Amongst his other responsibilities Dr White has served on the National Catholic Education Commission (NCEC) for six years and was also a member of the NCEC's Religious Education Committee.
Following a four year term as a member of the Tasmanian Qualification Authority, Dr White was a ministerially appointed member of the NSW Board of Studies, Teaching and Educational Standards (BOSTES) from 2010-2014. Dr White was formerly a board member of Catholic Network Australia (
) (2013-2014), a member of the Senate of the Australian Catholic University (2011-2014), and a member of the Board of Governors for the University of Notre Dame Australia (2009-2015).
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July Summit
Arts and the Word
October 19 Conference


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Curious about egg freezing and whether it's right for you?
Join Spring Fertility to learn more about your options. Together we'll go over the egg freezing process and answer any questions you may have.
Topics will include:
Why, when, how, and what it means to freeze your eggs
The treatment process and lifestyle impact
Overview of financial costs and options
Meet our expert team of physicians and scientists and tour our lab and facility. This is a free information session and friends or partners are welcome.
Getting Here
Spring Fertility is conveniently located in San Francisco's Lower Pac Heights neighborhood.
If you are being dropped off, our main entrance is on Daniel Burnham Court, a side street between Franklin and Van Ness. There's also an entrance on Van Ness and Post.
Otherwise, lot parking is available via an entrance on Post between Franklin and Van Ness, and SF MTA MUNI buses 38, 38s, and 41 all have stops within a block of our building.


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Lord Strathclyde: My Lords, if I may stop the noble Lord, when the Government made him this offer, did they explain to the noble Lord what they meant by "good behaviour"?
Lord Rodgers of Quarry Bank: My Lords, I do not think that I want to enter into the privacy of those bilateral discussions. The noble Lord and the House can draw their own conclusions. Indeed, I made it as plain as I could within parliamentary language.
Baroness Jay of Paddington: My Lords, can the noble Lord help us further by saying by whom these points were made?
Lord Rodgers of Quarry Bank: My Lords, I could indeed do that. I have a piece of paper in my pocket now which I could read out to the House. It might be something regarded in a court of law as an affidavit. However, I think that it is in the interests of the Government Front Bench that I do not do so.
Lord Rodgers of Quarry Bank: My Lords, I undertake to show it to the noble Baroness the Leader of the House and, if she agrees, to arrange to put it in the Library of the House.
Lord Mackay of Ardbrecknish: My Lords, has the noble Lord not heard of the freedom of information movement? Surely we should all share in this knowledge.
Lord Rodgers of Quarry Bank: My Lords, I understand that the Government's proposals restrict
I shall say no more about the appointments commission except that it makes good sense. It will help to rebalance the House after each election. My only doubt is whether it is wise and in keeping with the hard-headed nature of the report to expect the nominations of party representatives, party nominations, in this House to be chosen by the commission. Although it is attractive outside the House, it is unrealistic to believe that those who are not members of a party should play any part in choosing who should come here.
One of the proposals could be implemented without delay. I hope that in the further discussions which may take place there will be a proposal to turn the present stage one appointments commission into an appointments commission on the lines of that proposed by the Wakeham report. There is no reason why that should not be done at once.
If there is to be a comparable debate in another place within the next few weeks, and this side of Easter, there is no reason why a Joint Committee of both Houses cannot be set up by the end of May, or soon after, and begin meeting before the Summer Recess. Its terms of reference cannot be limited to the recommendations of the Wakeham commission although no doubt the report will provide a useful agenda. I assume that the terms of reference and the composition of the Joint Committee are matters to be settled by agreement between the parties. We shall play our part in that after consultation with the Cross Benches in this House.
However, I am somewhat confused, as I understood was the noble Lord, Lord Strathclyde, by the noble Baroness's suggestion that there would be another form of bilateral or multiparty discussion, not with a view to setting up the Joint Committee but to agree on a joint view of some of these issues in advance of the commission being established. If that is the proposal, I hope that the Attorney-General will explain it more fully when he concludes the debate. It is not a proposal we have previously had. Without rejecting it out of hand until we hear the details, we must look forward to the appointment at an early date of the Joint Committee.
I am sorry to disappoint the noble Baroness the Leader of the House, but I at least remain deeply sceptical about the likelihood of any further significant Lords reform requiring legislation within the foreseeable future. But I should be happy to be proved wrong.
Lord Craig of Radley: My Lords, I, too, congratulate the noble Lord, Lord Wakeham, and the other members of his Royal Commission on their comprehensive and readable report. As they so rightly say in their envoi, the Royal Commission was not set a simple question and the report does not provide a simple answer. There are several key points it did not
Today's debate will not solve the more complex issues such as the model for election, but I hope that the Government will seek to give a clear lead in searching for consensus on many of the issues. It should be an aim to get early agreement on a number of the specific recommendations in the Royal Commission's report.
The House and the Joint Committee will then be able to concentrate on the more complex and controversial issues, knowing how much of a foundation has already been established across the House. Let me touch on a few of the points on which it might be possible to achieve agreement. These are my own thoughts. I do not speak on behalf of others on these Benches.
Recommendations which seek to retain or strengthen the existing arrangements of your Lordships' House seem a good first place to look for agreement. In my list I include the recommendations which seek to protect the constitution, the existing role of the Law Lords and their judicial functions. To these I would add the recommendations that the second Chamber should seek to continue the House of Lords' tradition of open procedures and self-regulation, thus preserving the essential character of what exists at present.
The House has lived through a traumatic period. I sense at times that enough is enough if we are not to lose the special features of this Chamber which also distinguish it from another place. I welcome the view--I think that it is shared on all sides of the House--that this place does not want to end up as a mirror image of the other place. The Royal Commission believes that the new Chamber must be "distinctively different" from the other place.
With so much else in flux there will be temptations, even an anti-traditionalist view, that this place must be modernised and change its ways and manner of working. I fervently hope not. Whether it is the style of introduction, assuming that there will still be such a ceremony, or the modes of address, or adherence to the Companion rules and to Standing Orders, I hope that your Lordships could agree that the new House should set about its business much as it does now. The Royal Commission makes this point succinctly in Recommendation 68. It states that the House,
The intention of the Royal Commission that the 92 hereditaries should all be axed together, at a time when there is a large, new, elected intake will make it difficult to fill Deputy Speakers' lists and the Select Committees and other committees of the House where experience is called for. The hereditaries' collective knowledge of the workings of this place will take time to replace.
Even membership over 15 years may not seem long enough. I have been here nearly nine years and there is still much for me to learn, even with the additional push of being the Convenor of the Cross-Bench Peers to hasten my grasp of all the ways of this House. There is a world of difference between cutting back to the 92 hereditaries, as happened last November, and replacing them all suddenly with a new intake. Most of the 92 who remain are regular participants in the workings of your Lordships' House. An abrupt departure could destroy many of the best features of the present House. Perhaps if a number of the present and former hereditary Peers were recycled by renewed appointment, this problem would not be so great.
The Royal Commission proposes that the independents (less the Law Lords) should be 20 per cent of the membership. In a total Chamber of 550, that would be 25 fewer than the current Cross-Bench strength without the Law Lords. The Royal Commission has stressed the value of non-political independent Members because of their special knowledge and expertise, even if their attendance were only part-time. But at present, committee work does not dovetail well with the programmes of those who are also in full or near full-time employment.
I do not favour Members being paid salaries, which would detract from the sense that attendance is a duty and not a response to payment. It would also equate this House perhaps too much with the other place. For those reasons, I do not believe that 20 per cent of a 550-Member House will adequately ensure the strong, active, independent element which is required. If the concept of a strong, active independent element is to mean anything, proper representation on all committees is essential.
Cross-Benchers, including the 30 hereditary Peers, fill the existing allocation of Deputy Speaker and committee positions. If the Royal Commission's recommendations on additional Select Committees are taken up, I anticipate that there will be a need for more than 20 per cent to ensure adequate independent representation. Recommendation 91 would allow for such adjustments; that is, if the very strong, entrenched independent appointments commission, as proposed by the Royal Commission, were to be accepted. I hope that we shall have all-party agreement to that very soon.
I welcome the Royal Commission's proposals for additional Select Committees. In principle, they are very sound and could add to the respect and authority of the new House. But there are difficulties which will have to be addressed. Resources, both in terms of rooms and Clerks, must be found, as well as appropriately qualified Members willing and able to make a considerable number of hours available each week for committee work.
The relevant House authorities, with the strong encouragement of the noble Baroness the Leader of the House, should be tasked to make proposals of what more must be done to provide resources and high quality support for such committees.
What future should there be for the Salisbury Convention? Should it remain unchanged? The Royal Commission, broadly, says, "Yes". I believe that a case can be made to reserve it for, say, only the first two or three Sessions of each new Parliament.
The original driving rationale was to prevent an in-built majority in this place obstructing the manifesto intentions of a new democratically elected government. If there has been a major swing and change of party in government, it may take the independent appointments commission two or three years to readjust the balance of membership in this House. But, thereafter, there should be no risk of a single opposition party majority. The House should be free to deal with its business as much as possible without any sense of convention restraint. Similar considerations might be applied to statutory instruments.
I welcome the Royal Commission's recommendation on the role for the Convenor of the Cross-Benchers in its independent appointments commission. Apart from any party members who decide to leave their Benches and become independent--and I hope that there will be no bar to such changes of allegiance--every new independent Member will have been selected by the appointments commission.
Ensuring that the independents have a wide range of backgrounds and all the other characteristics favoured by the Royal Commission is only a part of the process of identifying what skills are required. The actual attendance and difficulties existing independent Members have--or may have--in regular attendance should also be considered by the appointments commission as it looks for new Members. The Convenor is well placed to provide such advice. The Royal Commission's arrangement to involve the Convenor should be adopted for the interim appointments commission, which is in the process of being set up.
The Royal Commission was unable to make a unanimous recommendation about the future for life Peers. I support its majority view that existing life Peers should remain for life, with an option to retire. However, Recommendation 103, that Life Peers created following the date of the publication of the Royal Commission report,
Finally, I was disappointed that the Royal Commission was unable to recommend a name for the new Chamber, or the title by which Members would be known. I do not believe the answer is that it should be left to "evolve". It certainly will not evolve unless
Retaining it would chime with the view that the best features of your Lordships' House should be retained. If so, Members might be known as Lords in Parliament, with "LP" after their names. Outside the House, unless they were hereditary or life Peers, they would be known as Mr, Mrs, Dr, Professor or whatever their appropriate title. The comparison with the use in the other place of "honourable Member" and "right honourable Member" only within the Chamber and not outside could be drawn. In debates in this Chamber, references to the honourable Lord, Lord X, or the right honourable Lady, Lady Y, and the existing form for those who are Peers, could be used. Other phrases such as right reverend Prelate, noble and learned and even, sparing my blushes, noble and gallant, should also continue in use. Such courtesies help to engender an air of mutual respect and good manners across the Floor of the House and contribute to the self-regulatory way in which the House goes about its work.
I hope that the cool forces of modernism will not consign such phrases to the dustbin. They all contribute to the atmosphere and ethos of the finest second Chamber of any Parliament in the world. The nation and all Members of the future second Chamber should be proud to continue with the present name. I hope that there can be agreement on that.
The Lord Bishop of Durham: My Lords, I welcome the opportunity to contribute to the debate from these Benches. The Church of England, like others, is inevitably digesting the Wakeham commission's report. What I have to say is to some extent provisional. It is good that we have been given this relatively early opportunity to take stock and to get a steer on the Government's mind.
The report deserved a better press than it received immediately following its publication. The issues it addresses are fundamental to the health of our democracy. On many, although not all, of these issues, its conclusions and recommendations are right and provide a good basis for evolutionary change.
It is important to start from first principles. However, the key is whether the proposals will enable Parliament to serve the people better. The report is right to say that a reformed second Chamber should complement the House of Commons. It should not seek to challenge that House's democratic primacy. None the less, the second Chamber should not be a mere cipher. It must have powers to amend legislation, to force reconsideration and to hold the Government effectively to account. In a number of senses, the role of the second Chamber is to provide a different and yet complementary system of representation to that provided by the House of Commons. No doubt, even from these Benches, others will seek to develop that in the course of the debate.
However, given that understanding, we on these Benches welcome the commission's proposal for a part-elected but mainly appointed House. We also welcome the proposed separation of the honours system from membership of the House and the proposal to reduce substantially the Prime Minister's patronage through the establishment of an independent appointments commission.
The report is also right in recognising that the spiritual and religious aspects of our society should be reflected appropriately in the composition of the new Chamber. I am grateful to the noble Lord, Lord Rodgers, who gave us encouragement to think positively on this issue. We make that assertion not on the basis of history or of constitutional understanding, although both would support such a claim, but on the fact that any Chamber which purports truly to represent contemporary society must not and cannot ignore that dimension. We stand fully alongside the distinguished evidence made to the commission by the Chief Rabbi on this point.
In our own evidence, we agreed that the time had come to extend the contribution made by spiritual leaders of the Church of England to include leaders of other Churches and, indeed, of other faiths. Therefore, we welcome the commission's espousal of this point and we look forward to working with our faith partners in making it a reality.
We are grateful for the report's recognition of the contribution made to this House from these Benches. Bishops have been in the House of Lords since medieval times and the beginnings of parliamentary institutions. Contrary to what some assume, Henry VIII did not put us here. However, the report falls into a major trap in describing that contribution as having been made by Bishops as representatives of the Church of England. We do not see ourselves as representatives of a sectional institutional interest; rather, we have been and are in this House because of the position we hold in relation to the whole community in the dioceses we serve.
In speaking in chapter 15 of the representation of religious faiths, the commission uses, no doubt, a convenient shorthand but risks offering a model for the future which would reduce the contribution of spiritual leaders to the representatives of particular religious institutions. That is a model which my colleagues and I would resist vigorously. The presence of Bishops in Parliament can point to an abiding validity of the Christian tradition to public doctrine and ethical norms. It is the national ministry of the Church of England "by law established" that makes this role possible. Through the dioceses and parishes, through a small army of clergy and licensed lay ministers, through church schools and chaplaincies to many kinds of institutions, the Church of England has a vast constituency of pastoral contact which extends far beyond the core of committed churchgoers. The expression "national church" is not an anachronism.
With regard to these Benches, there is also the danger that what the commission has given with one hand, it has taken away with the other. I refer to the
Conversely, if Bishops are to make such a contribution--and in an episcopally led Church many will argue that they should continue to do so--their involvement in their diocese and wider community (one of the key contributions that we bring to this Chamber) will be unhelpfully curtailed.
In paragraph 15.27 of its report, the commission recognises that,
I emphasise that our concerns are not about the preservation of vested interest or privilege; they reflect our wish to give the most effective parliamentary service that we can to the nation. Other concerns, which I can mention only in passing but which I know we share with our ecumenical partners, focus on the report's use of baptismal membership as the basis for allocating seats and on the effect of the suggested 15-year rule.
In mentioning some of our concerns about the Royal Commission's report, I do not want to undermine our broad support for many of its conclusions and recommendations. The noble Lord, Lord Wakeham, and his colleagues are to be congratulated on the depth as well as on the speed of their work. It is indeed good that the noble Lord, Lord Wakeham, is to speak next, and we look forward with great anticipation to what he has to say. In our judgment, the report of the commission provides a generally sound basis on which dialogue about reform can be developed. We look to play our full part in that. Indeed, we would hope to be represented on any committee of this House or Joint Committee with another place which considers these matters further.
Our aim is not to secure representation of a vested interest at any price; rather, it is to ensure that the evolution of the second Chamber is, by its very constitution, a servant of the people. The Christian contribution to the basis of our society is widely recognised and it is important that it is represented here as effectively as it is in the local communities that we seek to serve.
Lord Wakeham: My Lords, it was a great honour and a privilege to be invited to chair the Royal Commission on the reform of your Lordships' House. It turned out to be both interesting and enjoyable but it was also, as I am sure your Lordships will realise, a great responsibility. The process of reflection and analysis which we went through reinforced my original view that reform of your Lordships' House was a matter of very great importance.
Of course, we were not operating in a vacuum. One of the most notable features of our public consultation exercise was the widespread support for the work of the House of Lords and many of the characteristics of its Members. We were in the fortunate position of being able to build on the best traditions of your Lordships' House in drawing up a blueprint for the future.
I said that it turned out to be an interesting and enjoyable task. That was very much due to the qualities and personalities of my fellow commissioners. I am glad that so many of them are here this afternoon and speaking in this debate. Perhaps the most important point I can make about my fellow commissioners is that they were, collectively, exactly the people one would choose if one wanted to find a politically realistic and workable solution to a complex political and constitutional problem. We worked well together as a team. Because of that we went to considerable efforts to produce an agreed report and one which we could all wholeheartedly sign. We travelled a long journey to reach that point and it was not always easy.
We could not have reached agreement without everyone being prepared to reconsider their initial positions. That would not have been possible without the development of trust, confidence, liking and respect. All the members of the commission contributed to that. I should like formally to record my own appreciation and thanks to my fellow commissioners and I am sure that your Lordships would wish to be associated with that.
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Over 1,000 runners crossed the finish line at the Banbridge 10k and Fun Run on Wednesday.
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Jivaka | Physician to the Buddha/
This retelling of the life story of Jivaka, great physician to the Buddha, was unearthed in the archive library of Dr. Bharat Vaidya. Originally published in the Pali journal Health, a Publication of Prabhuram Anant Pharmacy for the Upheaval of Ayurved, this account was written in 1929 by Raj Vaidya Harjivan Ratnaji Bhatt (pictured right). This story is based on an original script of Jivaka's life, along with a record of Jivaka's prescriptions, preserved and presented by Rev Ch. Damodar Swami, a Sanskrit Professor from Sri Lanka. This account was translated from Pali to English by Dr. Vaidya on December 2, 20111 . It is my honor to present this story to English readers who may wish to deepen their connection to Jivaka, and broaden their understanding of his life. Herein, may these exciting details serve to illuminate the life and times of Jivaka, the great physician to the Buddha. It is my hope that the biographical details of his life may enliven our contemporary approach to Ayurveda.
Jivaka's Early Life
Our allopathic friends are fond of referencing the great scientist Galen (130-200 CE) of Pergamum, the Greek physician who advanced the practice of medicine by integrating theory with observation and experience2, and William Harvey (1578-1657) who is credited with being the first western in the world to accurately describe the circulatory system and the role of the heart in pumping the blood3. What of Jivaka, the great Ayurved physician to the Buddha, who lived 2550 years ago?
Near Pāṭaliputra (modern-day Patna, capital of Bihar in India) on his way to auspicious Vashali, King Bimbisāra of Magadha asked, "Why do we not have a chief gold dancer like the beautiful and excellent dancer Aambapali?" Soon thereafter, Sālavati was presented to the king. Sālavati, famous for her mesmerizing dancing and magical voice, quickly ascended to the position of favorite courtesan. As would happen, she became pregnant, and birthed a baby boy. Sālavati, thinking only of her profession, called her servants and told them to put the baby boy in a basket and leave him in the rubbish heap behind the wall of the city4.
At that time, while walking to his gardens, the Raj Kumar Abhysingh (also known as Abhaya, commonly Abhayarājakumāra. See Abhaya in the "Dictionary of Pali Names" by G P Malalasekera (1899-1973), which is available as printed version from "The Pali Text Society, London"), prince of Magadha, saw a flock of crows screaming loudly in the distance, and instructed his servants to find out what was disturbing the crows. There, on the rubbish heap behind the wall of the city, they found the baby boy, alive. Moved by compassion, Raj Kumar told his servants to collect the baby and bring him to the palace to be raised by his lady servants. Prince Abhysingh gave the baby boy the name Jivaka, as he was rescued alive (jiva) out of the rubbish heap. As the young boy grew and tried to understand his position within the court of Prince Abhysingh, Jivaka asked the prince about his parents. The prince told Jivaka that he didn't know who the boy's mother was, but that he, himself, was Jivaka's adopted father. He explained to Jivaka the necessity of studying, saying "Without any art, knowledge or education it will be difficult to survive in the palace." And with that, Jivaka was instructed to begin his education.
Jivaka's Education and the Story of the Merchant's Wife
With this instruction, Jivaka traveled to the Takshashila district of Rawal Pindi Punjab, to see the great scholar of Ayurved, the Vaidya Jagzint Pundit. Jivaka implored that the Vaidya to accept him as a student of the art and science of Ayurved. Without taking a single penny from Jivaka, the Vaidya Acharya accepted Jivaka as his student.
Jivaka was a very intelligent and hardworking student. He would memorize his texts quickly, and worked diligently for his guru. As he advanced in his studies, he selflessly assisted other students in their studies.
Seven years passed when Jivaka asked his guru, "When will my schooling be complete?" To this, the guru instructed Jivaka to carry a shovel, and comb the entire district of Takshashila for that which could not be used as a medicine. Diligently Jivaka searched for any substance or herb devoid of medicinal properties. Dejected, Jivaka accomplished his task without finding anything that could not be used as a medicine. Certain of his failure, he returned to his guru, where he was congratulated on successfully completing his education. Jivaka was then provided with the means and money to return to his home in Magadha.
Setting out on foot, Jivaka walked to Saket, the city now known as Ayodhya, birthplace of Ram. In Saket, Jivaka ran out of money, and realized that the path ahead would be difficult without the means to travel. Steadfast, he decided to find out the value of his knowledge, and offered throughout the city his services as a Vaidya of Ayurved. Upon inquiring if there was anyone in the town needing treatment, he met a wealthy merchant whose wife had been unwell for seven years. He approached the home of the merchant, and told merchant's security guard to announce to the lady of the house, "A vaidya is here who would like to see her."
Hesitantly, the merchant's wife asked her security guard, "What kind of vaidya is he?" He reported to her that he appeared to be very young. She'd been treated by great Ayurvedic scholars, to no avail, and didn't trust this young stranger. To convince her of his trustworthiness, Jivaka told her that he would ask for no payment, but with confidence, instructed her, "When you are cured you can give me what you see fit to give me."
With this, she agreed to see him.
Upon examination of nadi, mala, mutra, jihva, netra, and rupa, (a subset of the ashtavidha pariksha, or the eightfold method of patient examination, nadi is pulse examination, mala examines the frequency, color, and consistency of bowel movements, mutra examines the color, frequency and sensations of the urine, jihva examines the condition of the tongue, and rupa is examination of the patient's body, or form, including demeanor), Jivaka determined that the lady needed treatment for her terrible headaches, and asked her servant to bring a quart of ghee. He mixed in medicinal herbs and used it as a nasya, a medicated sinus treatment (it is written by Rev Ch. Damodar Swami in the source article that the recipe of the medicine used by Jivaka is in an ashram in Gujarat, Babra, which would benefit other vaidyas greatly if published). He administered this nasya into her nose and it poured out of her mouth. As she spit it out, she saved it in a bowl. Jivaka considered her greedy for trying to keep the ghee after it was used for treatment.
She explained that she hailed from Madwar Village, and that she was taught to always remain in control, humbly using every resource as a steward, and that she intended to use the ghee to light the fires of the home for heat and cooking. Then she reassured Jivaka, "Don't worry, we will pay you."
He administered medicines, and thereby cured her 7 year complaint. Greatly relieved of her pain, she saw fit to pay him 4000 gold coins. Together her grandson and his wife paid Jivaka another 4000 gold coins each, and her husband, the merchant, offered 16,000 gold coins plus one male servant, one female servant, a horse and a palanquin.
With this, Jivaka returned home to Prince Abhysingh's palace at Magadha, where he handed over the entire sum to his adopted father for raising and educating him. The prince refused the sum, and instructed him to build his own home near the palace.
King Bimbisāra's Cure
At this time, the king had been suffering from bleeding hemorrhoids, which would cause his clothes to become red with blood. When the queen began making fun of him for his condition he became humiliated, and spoke to his son, Prince Abhysingh about his condition. Prince Abhysingh recommended he allow Jivaka to treat him.
Jivaka gave the king medicine to put under his nails and administered medicated ointments, curing his condition. For his treatment, the king offered Jivaka gold ornaments. Jivaka refused payment and asked King Bimbisāra to only remember his service to the king, saying, "I need nothing else."
To demonstrate his deep appreciation, King Bimbisāra gifted Jivaka a garden full of mango trees, a palace, 100,000 gold coins, and a small village within the district.
By this time, the king had become a devotee and sponsor of the Lord Buddha, and proclaimed that Jivaka would become the royal physician, serving the ladies and children of the court. He also offered the royal physician's services to the bhagwan Buddha and his monks. In this way, Jivaka became physician to Lord Buddha.
The Wealthy Merchant's Cure
Now again, during this time, a very rich merchant of Magadha had been unwell for eight years. Not a single Ayurvedic physician had been successful in treating him. When he came to Jivaka, Jivaka asked the merchant, "If I cure you, what will you offer me?" His simple reply was, "Whatever you request." Upon examination, Jivaka proclaimed that the merchant was to sleep on his back for 7 months, followed by 7 months on the right and another 7 months on his left side. He performed surgery on the wealthy merchant wherein he removed 2 large worms from his brain. During recovery from surgery, Jivaka told the wealthy merchant that he would likely die within a few days, that via excision he removed worms from his brain, and that his condition was incurable. Jivaka applied medicated ointment to his head wound, and prescribed the aforementioned sleeping arrangement to his patient. After only 7 days, the rich merchant complained that he could not sleep 7 months on his back. So Jivaka asked him to begin sleeping on his right side, and prescribed this sleeping position for 7 months. Again after 7 days the merchant complained, saying that sleeping on his right side every night for seven months was impossible. Jivaka then asked him to sleep a final 7 months on left side, and again, after 7 days the wealthy merchant reported that this too would be impossible. Using this strategy, aware of the merchant's disposition, Jivaka successfully treated the merchant with a sleeping pattern requiring 7 days on each side, resulting in complete recovery from his surgery within 21 days.
For his treatment and miraculous recovery, the rich merchant told Jivaka, "I am now your servant." Jivaka requested payment of 100,000 gold coins, and another 100,000 gold coins to be given to the king. For his life, the wealthy merchant generously granted Jivaka's request, paying the total sum at once.
Now at this time, Jivaka's reputation had spread far and wide.
King Prodhyod of Ujjeni
King Prodhyod (alternatively Pradyota or Pajjota, so named for having the same birthday as the Buddha, when the world became illumined as if by a lamp), of the city of Ujjeni in the kingdom of Avanti, suffered from pandu disease (pernicious anemia).5 (Some texts interpret King Prodhyod's condition to be a form of jaundice. See Cannda-ppajjota in the "Dictionary of Pali Names" by G P Malalasekera (1899-1973), which is available as printed version from "The Pali Text Society, London"). Hearing of Jivaka's great renown, King Prodhyod sent his ambassador to King Bimbisāra to request the services of his royal physician. On amicable terms, King Bimbisāra agreed, and sent Jivaka to the city of Ujjeni, to see King Prodyod. There Jivaka diagnosed the king and determined that the cure required medicine prepared in ghee. It was widely known that the king detested ghee, and so Jivaka asked the king if he'd take it. "Anything but ghee," was the king's reply.
Now, let me introduce the principle of tryhath - that there are three people whose demands one cannot refuse. These three are the king (or rajhath), a woman, and the child. However, in the king's condition, Jivaka knew that he required internal oiling with ghee. So, Jivaka thought to prepare a ghee with kashaya rasa (an astringent taste) so the king would be unable to recognize it as ghee. Having heard of the king's great temper, and his great dislike for ghee, he knew this remedy could cause the king's passions to flare, and that he may be driven to wrath. With deliberate foresight, Jivaka requested that the gate through the palace walls be kept open, explaining, "As a Vaidya, I require medicine from outside the palace walls, which the king may need at any time." He also requested the use of bhadravatikā, the king's fastest she-elephant, to travel in search of medicines. These requests were granted without delay.
Thereafter, Jivaka administered the "astringent decoction" to the king. As the Raja was drinking it, Jivaka ran to the elephant yard, hastened to mount the bhadravatikā, and fled the city.
As the king digested the medicine he discovered that Jivaka had given him ghee. "Bring Jivaka to me," he bellowed, but his body guards reported that he'd already left. With this, the king sent his personal servant Kāk after Jivaka, offering a large reward for his return. Kāk was reputed to be inhumanly swift, and could easily overtake the bhadravatikā, and so, he caught up with Jivak in Kashi.
There Kāk told Jivaka that the king requested his presence, and demanded that Jivaka return with him to Ujjeni. To buy himself some time, Jivaka offered some amalaki fruit and some water after his great sprint, which Kāk gratefully accepted, thinking it would not harm him. Kāk ate a large serving of amlaki and drank water, whereby his heart began to palpate slowly. Alarmed, Kāk asked Jivaka, "Will I live or die?" "You will be fine, and your king's health will return, but I will not return to the king," Jivaka replied. "I am leaving the king's she-elephant with you to return to Ujjeni."
As his heart rate slowed, Kāk felt sleepy, and at last drifted off to sleep. Before parting ways, Jivaka reassured Kāk that he would recover fully, and left as Kāk slept. (Other texts attribute Kāk's delay not to cardiac effect of the myrobalan amalaki, but to an herb or drug hidden in Jivaka's nail that he introduced into the myrobalan which caused Kāk to purge violently. See Kāka the "Dictionary of Pali Names" by G P Malalasekera (1899-1973), which is available as printed version from "The Pali Text Society, London". )
As Jivaka foretold, King Prodhyod was cured. To show his gratitude, King Prodhyod sent a costly rare shawl to Jivaka. In turn, Jivaka gave the shawl to King Bimbisāra to present to Lord Buddha. At this time, Lord Buddha's body was not fit. Lord Buddha revealed to his disciple Ayushaman that he had toxins in his body, for which he wanted to take purgation. Ayushaman Ananda called Jivaka, and Jivaka prepared medicine for Lord Buddha, which would bring on 9 rounds of purgation, and then administered a second medicine, to affect another 9 rounds of purgation. As Jivaka considered, he recalled that a prophecy told that the body of the bhagwan would have 19 rounds of purgation. Therefore, after a bath, he delivered a final purgation to the Lord Buddha. Bhagwan knew what Jivaka was thinking, and requested Ananda to prepare a hot bath. After the bath the Lord Buddha completed the final round of purgation and was cured. In his happiness, and asked Jivaka, "What do you want?" to which Jivaka replied, "Please accept the shawl that I presented to King Bimbisāra to give to you, and allow your disciples to discontinue the practice of wearing discarded clothes from the rubbish heap." Up to this time, the monks and disciples of the Lord Buddha wore the traditional clothing of the mendicant: discarded pieces of cloth, cut and stitched together, and dyed in a simple earth-colored dye, simple, serviceable kashaya-robes. When the Buddha granted Jivaka's requests, his monks and disciples were allowed to accept cloth offered by laymen and townspeople with which they, to do this day, fashion their robes. 6
King Kaushleshwar Prasenjit
Another friend to King Bimbisāra was King Kaushleshwar Prasenjit. King Prasenjit's favorite physician was Jivaka, to whom he gave a comforter. Again, Jivaka gave it to bhagwan Buddha, and asked that the Buddha give permission to the disciples to also use warm comforters.
Devoted to the Buddha, it is said that he gifted the mango garden given him by King Bimbisāra to the Buddha. Today, you can still visit this garden, known as the Jivakambavan near Rajgir, in the state of Bihar, India (also known as Amarvan garden).
Damodar Swami, Ch. Rev., Professor of Sanskrit, Sri Lanka translated by Raj Vaidya Harjivan Ratnaji Bhatt, chief physician of Maharaj of Babra. Kombhar Bhrutya Jivaka. Health, a Publication of Prabhuram Anant Pharmacy for the Upheaval of Ayurved. April 1930; Vol 1: 136-166.
Boylan, Michael. Marymount University. Galen (130--200 CE) from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, A Peer-Reviewed Resource. http://www.iep.utm.edu/galen/ Accessed on January 11, 2012.
Wiegand, Susan. William Harvey (1578 - 1657) from the National Museum of Health. http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/BC/William_Harvey.php. Accessed on January 11, 2012.
Venerable Pannyavaro. Jivaka, the Buddha's Doctor. http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhism/lifebuddha/2_19lbud.htm Accessed on December 1, 2011.
Malalasekera , G.P. Prof. Sri Lanka. Buddhist Dictionary of Pali Proper Names. http://www.palikanon.com/english/pali_names/dic_idx.html Accessed on December 1, 2011.
Karuna, Sr. Candana. The Tradition of the Buddha's Robe, a Dharma Talk by Sr. Candana Karuna at IBMC 9-24-06. http://www.urbandharma.org/udharma10/robe.html Accessed on January 27, 2012.
Alakananda Ma M.B., B.S. (Lond.) is an Ayurvedic Doctor (NAMA) and graduate of a top London medical school. She is co-founder of Alandi Ayurveda Clinic and Alandi Ayurveda Gurukula in Boulder Colorado, as well as a spiritual mother, teacher, flower essence maker and storyteller. Alakananda is a well known and highly respected practitioner in the Ayurveda community both nationally and internationally.
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