text:
In 2016 I conducted in-depth interviews with patients at a 42-bed AIDS unit run by Médecins Sans Frontières in Centre Hospitalier Kabinda in Kinshasa, as well as caregivers and health staff. My research, which has not yet been published, uncovered the complex, often heartbreaking web of challenges people face living with HIV in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Nearly 570 000 people live with the disease, which is highly stigmatised. In 2016, the unit treated 2500 AIDS patients. At least 30% arrived so severely ill they died after admission.
Seeing people dying of advanced HIV, commonly referred to as AIDS, was routine at the hospital where I was conducting research. As I noted in one of my diary entries from October 2016:
The hospital register lists the weight of patients on admission: many weigh less than 40 kilograms, some less than 30. One patient in her thirties jokingly lifts her hospital gown and laughs as she shows me the nappy she's wearing. Another is wheeled into the ward unconscious, wrapped in can only be described as a space blanket. Others are wheeled out of the same door they used when they arrived. But this time, they are covered in white sheets and followed by wailing relatives.
Why do people wait so long before being tested or treated for HIV? Why do those diagnosed stop taking their treatment and wait until they are on the verge of death before seeking medical care?
There are no easy answers. My interviews with health care workers, patients and their caregivers revealed a tangled web of personal, community and health centre barriers that prevented people from seeking clinical care.
I was told people don't go to health centres when they first become sick due to high costs, lack of knowledge and information about HIV, religious beliefs and, above all, because of stigma.
It's frustrating to still be writing about HIV-related stigma in 2017. Stigma – and the discrimination that accompanies it – have been common themes in HIV since I began working in the field as an anthropologist in the late 1990s. Unfortunately, it's no different in Kinshasa today.
Stigma still stands
Stigma is about shame, guilt and fear, and often stems from a lack of knowledge or understanding. It's stigma that stops people from seeking an HIV diagnosis when they fall ill. People don't tell those around them they have HIV because they're afraid of being associated with something believed to be shameful. As a result, they don't receive the medical and psycho-social support they need.
Caregivers – usually mothers, daughters or sisters of people living with HIV – were frustrated to learn of the diagnosis so late. They felt they could have prevented their relatives from suffering if they had known earlier. Some relatives suspected the person they were caring for was HIV positive, but didn't want to ask. They were too afraid of hearing the answer they believed meant their loved one would die.
Others didn't suspect, or preferred not to see, for fear that HIV would bring shame on themselves and their family. One family saw the hospitalisation of their now teenage son as a waste of time, saying he was going to die anyway.
Little information, fewer choices
HIV remains a synonym for death in Kinshasa. There is limited knowledge that someone with HIV can live a normal and healthy life. Unlike South Africa, where billboards proudly display images of people living with HIV, and AIDS activists have had a strong voice for many years, people in Kinshasa aren't exposed to this kind of information. If they are, it's on a much smaller scale. HIV remains shrouded in mystery and fear.
Religion is extremely important to people in Kinshasa but it can also be damaging for those living with HIV. The church plays an essential role in people's everyday lives; it is a source of support, a community, a place of sanctuary. But some churches prevent people from seeking an HIV diagnosis, or from taking their treatment.
I was told of pastors advising people to throw their pills away. Some people had relatives who had disappeared to attend church camps that claimed they could be cured.
The issue of cost can't be ignored when looking at why people are hospitalised. I was shocked by MSF staff accounts that they believed health care workers in other facilities were using HIV to make money.
One clinician described health centres as being "like a boutique". Patients were sent on the equivalent of a medicalised shopping trip. They had to pay for tests, drugs and consultations, while remaining powerless to question the diagnoses -– and shopping lists -– given to them.
Many of these consultations were unnecessary and simply a way for some health care workers to make money. Once someone is diagnosed as HIV positive, their treatment is free. But until that point, they remain in a system they can't afford. It's a system with the potential to benefit someone else.
Working together
Together, these individuals, community and health care system barriers create an environment in which it is incredibly difficult to be HIV positive.
Addressing the issues of stigma, cost, limited HIV knowledge and a weak health care system is complex. Potential solutions to the problem of advanced HIV go beyond the walls of MSF facility into the wider community and beyond. There is a need to focus on stigma reduction at a community level, while giving patients, their relatives and health care workers information about HIV.
People testing for HIV and taking ARVs need to know about their treatment and have ongoing counselling. Civil society and community organisations – such as those in South Africa – do not grow overnight. But taking small steps, such as people living with HIV sharing their stories with their communities, and working with local religious groups, can help reduce the stigma and enable people in Kinshasa to access lifesaving treatment they so urgently need.


text:
Sips & Sweets 2017 is a mere two weeks away (get your tickets here), so in case you aren't excited enough already for June 17, we wanted to introduce you to a few of the badass babes flexing their drink-slinging, pastry-baking, confection-making skills.
Meet Chanel Godwin-McMaken, Bartender at The Henry
I was born and raised in Phoenix; there is no other place I feel more at home than here. From a hometown perspective, I can say that the Valley needs less abandoned buildings and more street art.
I've been in the restaurant industry for eight years. The past five of those years have been with Fox Restaurant Concepts. And I have been bartending for them for three of those years. Making drinks is one of favorite things, along with my dog, and hunting for rad vintage finds.
The most exciting and inspiring new ingredient I discovered this year, was not a single ingredient, but rather a dish. Curry! I was never a fan until recently, and as a new convert, I got inspired to make a drink that emulated all of the flavors one might find in Thai Curry. Lemongrass, ginger, cilantro, lime ... all the goods! But what took the cake was the curried coconut rim.
Chef Stephanie Lopez of Udder Delights
After spending a decade working in the automotive industry, I decided it was time for a change. I started working in a small family owned bakery and fell in love with the fast paced and creative process. So I enrolled in culinary school and made the change official. When I met Casey (owner of Udder Delights & Superstition Farm) I knew I wanted to work with him. Casey is a third generation dairy farmer and I grew up in a small town in the country, so we share the same values where food, family, and business are concerned. I've been at Udder for about five years now, and I still love coming to work every day. While on a tour of ice cream shops in LA this past year, I rediscovered my love for honey after having a simple sundae with a really incredible honey. It's not new by any means, but I've become a little obsessed with it. I have a great local supplier I work with; he helps me find the right honey for any recipe I come up with. It'll be featured in my dessert for the event for sure, and is the magic behind my Honey Lavender ice cream.
Meet Rachael Dugan, Bar Manager at DeSoto Central Market
I'm from Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, and I moved to Phoenix six years ago. I've been in the restaurant business for more than 15 years. Most of my early experience came from a more corporate environment, which is a good place to start because of the built-in structure and process.
I started bartending eight years ago at a small family-owned neighborhood pub: fast-paced but simple stuff. When I moved to Phoenix, I found a bartending job with Firebird's, a high-volume chain steakhouse with a fresh cocktail program. This is when I got my first taste of mixology, using fresh juices and making things from scratch.
From there I landed a job at Lon's at the Hermosa Inn in Paradise Valley, where I was honored to work under Travis Nass, a very talented mixologist. Working at Lon's with Travis allowed me the opportunity to sharpen my knowledge and learn so many of the cool techniques that I still use today.
I am now at DeSoto Central Market, and I am continually learning and discovering new things to love every day. Recently, I have gotten pretty excited about ingredients from the Far East, so I've been experimenting with using those ingredients with spirits and flavors from other parts of the world in delicious and unusual ways.
Meet Audrey Enriquez, Pastry Chef at Valley Ho
I've always had a passion for food, but a real love of desserts, so even as a kid in Prescott Valley, I never had a doubt that I wanted to make baking my career. So, less than a month after graduating high school, I enrolled in Le Cordon Bleu's Patisserie and Baking Program.
After earning my degree, I set out to start gaining hands-on experience, working for a couple of the Valley's smaller independent restaurants before deciding it was time for a change of scenery and moving to Chicago. There, I spent two years crafting pastries for Nordstrom Café.
The job was great, but I missed Arizona and my family, so I was thrilled to come back home to take on my first hotel residency at the Phoenix Marriott Tempe at the Buttes. After that, I went on to do a two-year stint as the pastry chef for Elements, the signature restaurant at Sanctuary Camelback Mountain Resort & Spa, before accepting the position of pastry chef at the Sheraton Grand at Wild Horse Pass, where I really honed my skills, producing desserts for multiple outlets, including Kai. That's where I really developed my sense of style and learned how to execute my vision with a great deal of attention to detail.
After working with Chef Russell LaCasce at Elements, I was eager to work with him again, which is what I get to do now as the new pastry chef for Hotel Valley Ho, where I oversee all pastry production and preparation for ZuZu, the hotel's signature restaurant, as well as banquet and catering functions.
I'm happiest when I'm developing new dishes for the restaurant, and experimenting with new pastry trends and recipes. For example, I've always heard about sea buckthorn berries, but had never actually tried them until recently. I have absolutely fallen in love with them. Recently, I did a dessert featuring a sea buckthorn posset, also making a fluid gel with the berries and adding some fresh ones on top. I paired it with a caramelia cremeux. The acidity of the berries complements chocolate very nicely. Another great find was greengage plums. They are a little difficult to come by, but totally worth it. We ended up pickling them so that we could enjoy them longer, which made them a nice addition to our cheese board.
Meet Lisa Rast, Owner of Nutwhats
I am the creator of Nutwhats, twistedly addictive confections ... they call me Candy Queen. I've re-created just about every confection out there, adding my own little twist to it either to make it a little different, a little healthier, or just better.
My favorite childhood snack was Reese's Peanut Butter Cups, which I still love, but my own version, using our bean-to bar-chocolate and an organic low-sugar peanut butter. I keep experimenting and having fun. This year, I discovered Tiger Nut, a locally grown and locally foraged ingredient that tastes similar to cardamom. I used it to make a limited-edition mendiant using our bean-to-bar chocolate.
Meet Erin McNaught, Pastry Chef at Handlebar Diner
I've been a longtime home baker, but in 2008 I decided to make it official and attend The French Pastry School in Chicago. I always believed Phoenix was rife with opportunities, so I moved back in 2011, working at a number of restaurants in the Valley like The Henry, Southern Rail, and Ocotillo, before landing my dream gig at Handlebar Diner, working beside Chef Adam Allison (coolest dude ever). This year I discovered calamansi juice, a kind of Portuguese orange-lime that lends depth to any citrus dessert. It is great in key lime tarts or added to cocktails; believe me, I've done both.
Meet Lindsey Magee, owner of Ollie Vaughn's Kitchen and Bakery
I'm a resident of the historic Coronado neighborhood in central Phoenix and the owner of Ollie Vaughn's Kitchen and Bakery, a neighborhood cafe that opened in 2014. The shop continues to grow, offering breakfast, lunch, espresso, and a lineup of excellent baked goods including lemon bars, cookies, and croissants. As a kid, I used to eat a Little Debbie oatmeal pie every day after school. I never eat them anymore because compared to the Oatmeal Pies we make with real vanilla buttercream filling, the packaged version tastes so processed. In my opinion, Phoenix is doing a pretty great job at keeping out the chain restaurants and keeping it local! I love this town.
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Meet Dana Whitney, Pastry Chef at The Great Australian Bakery
Dana is so rock and roll that she chose to give us only the basics, letting her pastries speak for themselves:
Name: Dana Whitney
Born: 12/24/1991 in Ft. Defiance, AZ
Graduated: Le Cordon Bleu Culinary Institute of Scottsdale on 9/15/2015
Favorite Food (to eat): Navajo Tacos
Favorite Food (to make): Creme Brulee
Meet these gals in person on June 17 at Sips & Sweets 2017!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Insta-bench Shows Full Support in Sponsorship of WSYSA.
Federal Way, WA --- Washington State Youth Soccer Association
welcomes its newest sponsor, Insta-bench. Thanks
to an established 'grass-roots' connection and on-going support
of various local tournaments, many within WSYSA already know
and love this new product that has taken the soccer community
by storm. Not only is Insta-bench great for coaches and their
teams, but also handy for families and spectators alike. Insta-bench
was co-created by two of Washington's own soccer coaches, Chance
Fry and Tom Bunnell. Fry was recently inducted into WSYSA's
Hall of Fame and is an ex-professional soccer player having
played for the Seattle Sounders. Bunnell has been actively involved
in the soccer community for years and is currently Head Coach
for Eastside FC and both the boys and girls varsity programs
at Issaquah High School. "The response we have had in
the soccer community has been unbelievable. We are very excited
to be teaming up with WSYSA and be able to give back to the
game we love," remarked Fry. Insta-bench will be giving
back a percentage of proceeds in support of all the WSYSA programs
for every Insta-bench sold through the WSYSA office and state
Web site. "It's always encouraging to see our young athletes
grow into productive and successful adults who give back to
the same community that fostered them as young athletes,"
stated Dick Mohrmann , WSYSA President . "WSYSA is fortunate
to have the support of Insta-bench, a great product for our
coaches and teams." In support of this partnership, winning
teams of upcoming WSYSA state tournaments will receive their
very own Insta-bench.
Insta-bench Makes National Debut at 2005
NSCAA Convention.
Baltimore, MD --- Insta-bench was one of 269 Exhibitors
at this years NSCAA convention, the largest soccer trade show
in the world. This event marked the first national exposure
of Insta-bench. And the response was HUGE! Coaches, visitors,
and exhibitors all were amazed at this new, innovative product.
"It's brilliant!", remarked Shaun Gore, Development
Director for Chelsea Football Club. "The success we had
at the show further validated our belief that Insta-bench fills
a void for the soccer world", said Rob Green, Insta-bench
Insta-bench Voted Best New Product at
2005 USYSA Convention.
Salt Lake City, UT --- Although there wasn't an actual vote
taken, the consensus from YSA administrators, coaches, teams,
and even other vendors was that Insta-bench is the best thing
to hit the soccer field since the ball. Attending state YSA
representatives visited the Insta-bench booth to place orders
and inquire about partnering with Insta-bench to distribute
benches to their constituent teams.
SoccerNation 2005 A Resounding Success.
Anaheim, CA --- 6,000 people passed through the doors
at the Anaheim Convention Center on Saturday, February 26, 2005
for Cal South Soccer Nation. World Cup and Olympic Gold Medal
Winner Julie Foudy was on site to sign autographs for countless
fans and over 800 coaches and league officials pre-registered
for free coaching sessions by world-class coaches such as Anson
Dorrance of UNC (Chapel Hill) and Glen Myernick, Assistant Head
Coach of the U.S. Men's National Team. Over 100 exhibitors also
filled the hall and many weren't prepared for the onrush of
shoppers. "We sold every bench we brought to the show and
had to start writing down orders to ship the following week,"
said Chance Fry, Owner and Partner of Insta-Bench. "We
were so busy we didn't even have time to take advantage of all
the sales opportunities that existed. We were also thrilled
to be able to help out with donations to Cal South's TopSoccer
program," he added, referring to the program which annually
benefits hundreds of children with mental and physical disabilities.
One of the day's highlights was receiving a visit from U.S.
soccer legend Paul Caliguiri. Paul, a former teammate Fry, took
time out to sign autographs, he even rolled up his sleeves and
sold a few Insta-benches.
Insta-bench Rolling Out Across the U.S. and
Rest of World.
An Insta-bench has been sold to all 50 U.S. states as well as into Canada,
Japan, Australia, and the UK. "We cannot run fast enough" states
Chance Fry, co-creator of Insta-bench. "Bringing our distribution
partners on board will greatly help our efforts to get this
new and exciting product into the hands of customers. Every
sideline needs an Insta-bench."
Insta-bench is the original,
collapsible bench, and is a trademark of Open Mind LLC
2005 Insta-bench All Rights Reserved || vanselus


text:
Proof - Ja In A Bra' lyrics
Ja In A Bra' by Proof
Its Murder, HaHa it's Murder
We Back Up In This Mother Fucker
(word to mother)
Its Murder, Ya'll Know Who We Be
My Nigga Fatal On The Mother Fuckin Ones And Twos
Holla Back You Bitch As Niggaz
Ayo Cock Sucka If Ya'll Have Heard Yet This Nigga Changed His 'Loose'
N I Got Proof.. Yea I Got "Proof"
*Beat Switch*
You Know My Name it's Like This PROOF
D12, Sicknotes.. it's War Now!! WOOF!!
No Prisoners, No Casualties, All My Riders Lets Ride C'MON
Verse 1:
Word On The Street Is I Murdered This INC
You Wack With The Hands Not Deservin The Heat
Ya Nervous In Beef.. Ta Irv And His Peeps
I Aint Rappin No More I Speak Through The Kurb In The Streets
Ya Hench Man Is Pissed Ta Get A Poor Job
That Midget Cookie Monster Hangin From A Door Knob
Ya'll Lucky I don't Like Touchin Women
And don't Send No Peace Talk Summing With Russel Simmons *WOOF*
Got The Right Connections
My Conception, On With Beef, You Sleep
Your Life Is Deffinately GONE
Don't Ever Sink At Least A Woof Of Rap
You'll Need More Than A Bush Attack Ta Push Me Back *WOOF*
You Think it's Just 50 And Sha
Listen Up Ja, No Kissin And Now
Detroit City Wishin You Die
I Know You Just Wanna Rap And Be Pop
..But Before it's Said And don't You Gon' See 'Pac *WOOF*
Ya'll don't Want War.. Ya'll Want Talk
In The Dark My Dogs All Bark Like WOOF
PROOF Nigga Im A Wolf
Now You All Shook..
About Ta Get Ya Brain Pushed Back
Verse 2:
Chris Gotti..
This Nigga Had The Nerve Ta Have 10 Niggaz Sneak Me Juss Ta Get With Me
Im Only 160..
And The Fact Is Murder INC Is DJs & Kittens I Only Walk Out With Scratches
Wearin A Rolex Shirt..
So If that's Ya Streets Speakin Ya Threats don't Hurt *Woof*
You Cowards Do Somethin 'Fore We Do Ours
I Could Write A Ja Rule Album In Two Hours (Nigga)
Leave You Dead On Ya Back, Run Ya Pockets Flat
Like Federal Tax, Put Ya Head On The Rack *Woof*
Its All Bad Only Thing Good Is Death
In L.A. G-Unit Posted And Suge Left (Fat Bitch)
Im From Detroit, Went To Hollis..
And Hollis Niggaz Is Like "Ja's Garbage, don't Even Bother" (HaHa)
Plus Ya Over Witness Gangstaz Is Mad
That 50 Made Wanksta N Wanksta' Deffinition Juss AINT TOUGH
With Pictures N Ya'll Wanna Brawl.. With A Paint Brush
Paintin His War Marks.. Im Losin My Patients
It Aint Just.. D12 And Obie Homie
Cancel Ya Shows, Respect And Act Like You Know Me
Its Songs With Hailie' Name Again And Im Catchin A Jet
9/11 Style To Ya Face And Ya Chest
9/11 Style.. To Ya Face And Ya Chest
Its Over Nigga Gettin Wet On They Set
Ya'll don't Want War.. Ya'll Want Talk
In The Dark My Dogs All Bark Like WOOF
PROOF Nigga Im A Wolf
Now You All Shook..
About Ta Get Ya Brain Pushed Back (x2)
Ha.. I Aint Even Talkin No More
I can't Believe My Name Came Out Your Hoe Ass Mouth Nigga
Talkin Bout.. Like "We Gave It To Proof"
Your Bitch Ass Was Scared To Come In That Club Nigga
Ya'll Aint Got That..
Ima Tell You Like This.. Black-Child, Chris Gotti..
Im On That Ass Nigga, Word Is Born
So Ya'll Niggaz Go Get Ya Wanna-be Street Niggaz
Recruit Who You Wanna Recruit..
Cus Ima Murk All Ya Soldiers And Recruit Ya Bosses When it's Over
Nigga Big Proof.. D12..
Only 163.. I Left Out With Scratches Nigga
Wait Till Ya'll Niggaz Come To The D'
Oh Ya'll Want New York.. I Just Love (?) I'll Be Back
Fuckin With Ya Bitch..
Ayo Cookie Monster.. Come Get Me Nigga hahaha Hoe Ass Nigga
Hahaha And don't Make Me Really Write Some Shit haha
A-Z Lyrics Universe
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Lyrics / song texts are property and copyright of their owners and provided for educational purposes.


text:
Michele writes:
Hi Pete,
My husband and I are "plus size people". He is 6'1" and weighs 255 lbs. I am 5'1" and weigh 200 lbs.
He has been diagnosed with DDD and bone spurs. We both have constant tension in our backs. He suffers with pain everyday.
We currently have a Sleep Number bed that we have been sleeping on for the last 3 years....and we hate it.
What do you think would be a good bed for us?
Thanks for your help! Michele
Hi Michele,
An air mattress does not provide the push back support your spine needs...anyone's spine. Displacement is not proper support.
A large man with DDD requires a firm mattress, with coils pushing back up against you, that will remain firm over many years.
In addition, you will also need a comfortable sleeping surface that will also retain its comfort over the long term.
The problem with most of today's mattresses is that they aren't made well...not like they had been only 15 years ago.
Today, mattresses are loaded with memory foam...made to be replaced frequently.
For people who suffer from disc problems, this reduction in quality is simply unacceptable.
We carry a line of high quality mattresses that will work for the two of you....providing the proper support, comfort and longevity.
We are large people, as well...and with plenty of disc problems of our own.
The Natura of Canada Greenspring mattress that we use at home, is the best we've tested, over the years.
There are 5 models in the line, with the Plush Eurotop being the most comfortable of them.
Shown here:
Greenspring Liberty Firm Euro Top Experience deeper, more restorative sleep with the Liberty Firm Euro Mattress. Lush helpings of natural ingredients come together with a foam encased coil unit to gratify your hunger for luxury, affordability and eco-integrity.
This mattress comes with white glove delivery, which includes removal of the old mattress.
Delivery is free and there's no sales tax.
I suggest using a waterproof mattress protector with every mattress.
Keeping your mattress clean and dry will greatly extend the life and loft of the upholstery materials inside. Ours sleep cool and make NO Noise.
Shown here:
Thanks, Pete
Phone: 1-856-874-6894
Email: email@example.com
Website: http://themattressexpert.com/
Factory Direct to You....
All Items Made Factory Fresh to Fill Your Order
Free Delivery Nationwide....NO SALES TAX.


text:
External graphics, sound and extra USB ports for your notebook.
The Asus XG Station was announced all the way back in 2007 but you couldn't actually buy one anywhere. With this week's unveiling of the ROG XG Station it looks like that external 7900GT-sporting graphics device may never see the light of day – we can but hope its successor will.
The station connects to an ExpressCard slot, which means that just about any notebook manufactured this side of 2003 should be able to use it. Oddly for a product carrying the Republic of Gamers branding the graphics card inside isn't what you could call top of the range, being as it is a mere 256MB nVidia GeForce 8600GT – although it is overclockable using a dial on the device's front.
This relatively underwhelming choice of graphics chip isn't the end of the world. While many laptops already have an equivalent (or even better) GPU inside, more still either offer mere integrated graphics, and often only have a single VGA output. The ROG XG Station sports dual DVI outputs, and in addition also has fairly impressive audio capabilities: Dolby technology, such as Dolby Headphone (virtual 5.1 sound), Dolby Digital Live and Dolby Pro Logicllx.
Yet more functionality is added by the inclusion of four USB 2.0 ports and the aforementioned control knob which, as well as controlling the GPU speed, also gives access to the fan speeds, Dolby modes and various other settings. Furthermore an LCD readout offers such information as frame-rates, GPU temperature and fan speeds.
Sadly our contacts at Asus tell us that there is still debate as to whether the ROG XG Station will actually go on sale in the UK. Hopefully someone will do the decent thing and overrule the nay-sayers.
Asus press release.


text:
10/10a Town Street Farsley, Leeds
The property is located fronting Town Street in the
centre of Farsley and therefore benefits from the usual
town centre amenities. Farsley itself lies approximately
midway between Leeds and Bradford and the main
Leeds Outer Ring Road (A6120) is approximately 0.25
miles from this location.
The property comprises a two storey stone building
with retail accommodation at ground floor and
separate self-contained office space at first floor level.
The retail space has most recently been used as a
café/bistro and has consent for that A3 Use
Measured in accordance with the RICS Property
Measurement (incorporating International Property
Measurement Standards) 1st Edition, May 2015, the
unit provides the following approximate internal areas:
Ground Floor 968 sq ft 89.9m²
First Floor 694 sq ft 64.5m²
Total 1662 sq ft 154.4 m²
The property is offered for sale on a freehold basis at
a guide price of £440,000. It is understood that VAT
is not applicable on this property.
According to the Valuation Office Agency website, the
premises has a current 2017 rateable value of:-
Ground Floor £18,250 pa
First Floor £6,300 pa
Interested parties are advised to direct further
enquiries to the local authority.
Similar Properties


text:
Umm Al Quwain
Umm Al Quwain (UAQ; Arabic: أم القيوين; pronounced [ʔumː alqajˈwajn]) is the least populous of the seven constituent emirates in the United Arab Emirates,[1] located in the north of the country. The closest body of water near it is the Persian Gulf. The emirate is ruled by Saud bin Rashid Al Mualla. The current crown prince is Rashid bin Saud bin Rashid Al Mua'lla, and the deputy ruler is Abdullah bin Rashid Al Mualla III. It had 72,000 inhabitants in 2007 and has an area of 770 km2 (300 sq mi).[2]
Umm Al Quwain
إِمَارَة أم القيوين
Mangroves near Umm Al Quwain
Location of Umm Al-Quwain in the UAE
|Coordinates: 25°59′11″N 55°56′24″E / 25.98639°N 55.94000°ECoordinates: 25°59′11″N 55°56′24″E / 25.98639°N 55.94000°E
|United Arab Emirates
|Umm Al Quwain
|• Type
|Absolute monarchy
|• Emir
|Saud bin Rashid Al Mu'alla
|• Metro
|755 km2 (292 sq mi)
|Area rank
|• Rank
|• Metro
|Time zone
|UTC+4 (UAE Standard Time)
The emirate consists in the main of the coastal city of Umm Al Quwain and the inland oasis town of Falaj Al Mualla, some 30 km (19 mi) from the coast.[2]
Unlike some of its neighbours, Umm Al Quwain has not made any significant find of oil or gas in its territory and depends on revenue from hotels, parks and tourism,[3] fisheries and general trading activities[4] as well as the Umm Al Quwain Free Trade Zone (UAQFTZ)[5] based at Port Ahmed Bin Rashid.
A number of government initiatives and strategies have been put in place to incentivise growth in trade and industrial activity in the emirate, including a 2018 move to reduce government fees to business and waive fines and violations levied against businesses which had not renewed their trade licenses.[6]
History and prehistoryEdit
Umm Al Quwain holds significant archaeological interest, with major finds at both Tell Abraq and Ed-Dur[7] pointing to significant Ancient Near Eastern Cities. Arrowheads and other polished flint tools have been unearthed in various sites across the UAE while pieces of Ubaid Age pottery have been unearthed along the shores of the emirate. All evidence obtained so far indicate that contact with Mesopotamia existed as early as the 5th millennium BC, as an indigenous ceramic industry, did not emerge until the 3rd century BC.
Finds at both Tell Abraq and Ed-Dur show habitation in the area throughout the Bronze age, from the Hafit period, through the Umm Al Nar period and the later Wadi Suq and Iron I, II and III ages. Finds also link Ed-Dur with the inland settlement of Mleiha,[8] especially distinctive burials of animals with their heads turned back on their bodies.[9] Significant trading links with both the Western Sumerian culture and the Eastern Indus Valley culture are displayed at these sites,[8] with the semi-nomadic Magan people smelting bronze mined in the Hajar Mountains and then shipping the smelted ore.
Macedonian coinage unearthed at Ed-Dur dates back to Alexander the Great, while hundreds of coins have been found bearing the name of Abi'el.[10] In March 2019, 15 tombs, bronze statues, settlement remains, jewellery and pottery, dating back to the 1st century CE, were unearthed here.[11] It is thought Ed-Dur is the site of Omana, mentioned by both Pliny and Strabo as an important town in the Lower Persian Gulf.[12]
During the Bronze Age, agriculture flourished, with dates being the prominent crop. Wheat, millet and other grains were also cultivated wherever there was enough water for irrigation. It is now widely believed that the climate during the period was more temperate than now.[13]
20th centuryEdit
Umm Al Quwain was the site of a fort built in 1768 by the founder of the modern Al Mualla dynasty, Sheikh Rashid bin Majid of the Al Ali tribe.
On 8 January 1820, Sheikh Abdullah bin Rashid signed the General Maritime Treaty with the United Kingdom, thus accepting a British protectorate in order to keep the Ottoman Turks out. Like Ajman, Dubai, Ras Al Khaimah and Sharjah, its position on the route to India made it important enough to be recognized as a salute state with a three gun salute.
By 1908, J. G. Lorimer's famous survey of the Trucial Coast, the Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia, had Umm Al Quwain listed as a town of some 5,000 inhabitants and identified as the major boat-building centre on the coast, producing some 20 boats a year compared to 10 in Dubai and 5 in Sharjah.[14]
On 2 December 1971, Sheikh Ahmad bin Rashid joined its neighbors Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman and Fujairah in forming the United Arab Emirates, with Ras Al-Khaimah joining later in early 1972.
The American oil company Occidental acquired a concession to search for oil in Umm Al Quwain territorial waters on 19 November 1969. Occidental proposed drilling an exploratory well nine miles from the island of Abu Musa in the Persian Gulf in what it considered to be Umm Al Quwain waters. However, this conflicted with a 12-mile territorial limit claimed by Sharjah. On 15 May 1970, the British authorities referred the dispute to arbitration, but ruled that Occidental could continue to drill. On the 20th May, Iran informed the British that it laid claim to Abu Musa and the two Tunbs' islands, and would intercede if Occidental continued to drill. The British proposed a three month suspension of drilling pending the outcome of arbitration, a decision enforced by a British Minesweeper, which intercepted Occidental's drilling platform and moved it out of the area.[15]
The agreement between Sharjah and Iran over the island of Abu Musa, made on the 29th November 1971 and the subsequent invasion of the islands on 30 November 1971 rendered the issue moot. Occidental would never find oil under its Umm Al Quwain concession.[16]
The successive rulers of Umm Al Quwain were:[17][18]
- 1768–1820: Sheikh Rashid bin Majid Al Mualla
- 1820–1853: Sheikh Abdullah bin Rashid Al Mualla (b.1794)
- 1853–1873: Sheikh Ali bin Abdullah Al Mualla (b.1824 – d.1873)
- 1873–1904: Sheikh Ahmad bin Abdullah Al Mualla (b. 1832 – d. 1904)
- 13 June 1904 – 1922: Sheikh Rashid bin Ahmad Al Mualla (b. 1876 – d. 1922)
- 1922 – October 1923: Sheikh Abdullah bin Rashid Al Mualla II
- October 1923 – 9 February 1929: Sheikh Hamad bin Ibrahim Al Mualla
- 9 February 1929 – 21 February 1981: Sheikh Ahmad bin Rashid Al Mualla (b. 1904 – d. 1981)
- 21 February 1981 – 2 January 2009: Sheikh Rashid bin Ahmad Al Mualla II (b. 1932 – d. 2009)
- 2 January 2009–present: Sheikh Saud bin Rashid Al Mualla (b. 1952)
Climate and environmentEdit
|Umm al-Quwain
|Climate chart (explanation)
During November to March, the average temperature is 27 °C (81 °F) by day and 15 °C (59 °F) at night, but it can rise to over 40 °C (104 °F)[20] in the peak of the summer and when humidity levels are high. The rainfall is minimal and averages 42 mm (1.7 in) a year. The coastline experiences cooling sea breezes during the day.
Al Sinniyah island, close to the city of Umm Al Quwain is home to the UAE's largest Socotra cormorant colony, with over 15,000 pairs making it the third largest colony in the world. Arabian gazelles have been introduced to Sinniyah and appear to be prospering. Marine life is remarkable for its abundance and diversity. Blacktip reef sharks patrol the outer shoreline, while green turtles are ubiquitous in the inner leads in particular. Between Al Sinniyah and the mainland is Khor Al Beidah, an expansive area of sand and mud flats of international importance for its waterfowl. Although not formally protected, the island of Sinaiyah, along with Khor Al Beidah, is one of the largest areas of undisturbed and varied coastal environment remaining anywhere in the UAE.[21]
The UAE culture mainly revolves around the religion of Islam and traditional Arab culture. The influence of Islamic and Arab culture on its architecture, music, attire, cuisine and lifestyle are very prominent as well. Five times every day, Muslims are called to prayer from the minarets of mosques which are scattered around the country. Since 2006, the weekend has been Friday-Saturday, as a compromise between Friday's holiness to Muslims and the Western weekend of Saturday-Sunday.[22]
- Umm Al Quwain Fort: A fort which was once home to the emirate's ruler and guarded the entrance to the old town, overseeing the sea on one side and the creek on the other. It eventually became a police station then a museum. The museum now houses artifacts found at important nearby sites including Ed-Dur and houses a collection of weapons that were used through the emirate's history. It is located near a Masjid (Mosque) in Umm Al Quwain Bazaar.
- Old Harbour: An old harbour located in the old town overlooking the traditional dhow building yard where skilled craftsmen continue to assemble these traditional boats. The harbor is surrounded by old coral stone houses that display features of the original architecture and intricate sculptured plaster work.
- Islands of Umm Al Quwain: Islands that lie to the east of the mainland peninsula on a unique stretch of coastline consisting of sandy islands surrounded by dense mangrove forests, separated by a series of creeks. The largest of the seven islands is Al Sinniyah, followed by Jazirat Al Ghallah and Al Keabe, all of which are visible from the old town. Tucked in between these and the coastal plains are the smaller islands of Al Sow, Al Qaram, Al Humaidi, Al Chewria and Al Harmala. The Madaar creek that runs between the islands provides a navigable waterway for fisherman even at low tide when the average depth is less than a few feet.
- Ed-Dur: Located to the north of Umm Al Quwain, the ancient near eastern city of Ed-Dur is considered the largest pre-Islamic site on the Persian Gulf coast.[23] There are two public monuments at Al-Dour, a small square fort with round corner towers and a small square temple dedicated to the Semitic sun god Shamash.[24] The site is not open to the public.
- Dreamland Aqua Park: the largest water park in the UAE is located on the coastline of Umm Al Quwain; about 40 minutes drive from Dubai, with 250,000 m2 (62 acres) expanse of landscaped gardens and over 30 rides, slides, and attractions. The Park is operated all year round with a daily capacity of ten thousand visitors.[25]
See alsoEdit
- ^ "48 interesting facts for the UAE's 48th National Day". gulfnews.com. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
- ^ a b Heard-Bey, Frauke (2005). From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates : a society in transition (1941-). London: Motivate. ISBN 978-1860631672. OCLC 64689681.
- ^ "Umm Al Quwain - The Official Portal of the UAE Government". government.ae. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
- ^ Editor, Manoj Nair, Associate (2011-04-07). "Tourism and trade the top priorities in Umm Al Quwain". GulfNews. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
- ^ "UAQ Free Trade Zone | Business Licences | Umm Al Quwain, Dubai, Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, Ajman & RAK :: uaq ftz". uaqftz.com. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
- ^ Report, Staff (2018-05-05). "Umm Al Quwain to slash cost of doing business in emirate". GulfNews. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
- ^ "Archaeologists strike gold in Umm Al Quwain". Gulfnews. 2009-05-17. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
- ^ a b Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Ed-Dur Site - UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 2018-07-23.
- ^ Neer, Wim Van; Gautier, Achilles; Haerinck, Ernie; Wouters, Wim; Kaptijn, Eva (2017). "Animal exploitation at ed‐Dur (Umm al‐Qaiwain, United Arab Emirates)". Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy. 28 (1): 11–30. doi:10.1111/aae.12080. ISSN 1600-0471.
- ^ "500 tombs dating back 2,000 years found in Umm Al Quwain". The National. Retrieved 2018-07-23.
- ^ "15 tombs, artefacts uncovered in Umm Al Quwain". Gulf News. 2019-03-30. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
- ^ Denton, Branwen E.; MacAdam, Henry I. (1992). Potts, Daniel T. (ed.). "The Other Mediterranean: Archaeology and the Gulf". The Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 23 (1): 119–131. doi:10.2307/205485. JSTOR 205485.
- ^ Potts, Daniel T.; Naboodah, Hasan Al; Hellyer, Peter (2003). Archaeology of the United Arab Emirates. London. ISBN 978-1900724883. OCLC 54405078.
- ^ Lorimer, John (1908). Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia. Calcutta: Government of India. p. 1441.
- ^ Heard-Bey, Frauke (2005). From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates : a society in transition (1941-). London: Motivate. pp. 495–496. ISBN 978-1860631672. OCLC 64689681.
- ^ Heard-Bey, Frauke (2005). From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates : a society in transition (1941-). London: Motivate. pp. 366–367. ISBN 978-1860631672. OCLC 64689681.
- ^ Zahlan, Rosemarie Said (2016). The Origins of the United Arab Emirates: A Political and Social History of the Trucial States. Taylor & Francis. p. 36. ISBN 9781317244653. OCLC 945874284.
- ^ Arabian Gulf Intelligence. Cambridge: Oleander Press. 1985. p. 295. ISBN 9781909349964.
- ^ National Center of Meteorology & Seismology
- ^ "Umm Al Quwain Weather". yagulf.com. Archived from the original on 2016-07-09.
- ^ "Umm Al Quwain - Around the city". Al-emirates.com. Archived from the original on 2011-09-03. Retrieved 2011-08-10.
- ^ Jonathan Sheikh-Miller. "UAE Weekend Switchover". AMEinfo. Archived from the original on 12 February 2011. Retrieved 22 March 2010.
- ^ "Heritage a new industry". Gulfnews.com. 2010-07-11. Retrieved 2011-08-10.
- ^ "Al Dur, United Arab Emirates". Planetware.com. Retrieved 2011-08-10.
- ^ "Welcome to Dreamland Aqua Park". Dreamlanduae.com. Retrieved 2011-08-10.
External linksEdit
- Media related to Emirate of Umm al-Quwain at Wikimedia Commons
- Umm Al Quwain travel guide from Wikivoyage


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Category Archives: love stories
Victorian Springtime Launch of a New Series
I've just written and published a new Victorian romance, Victorian Spring. Victorian Spring is the start of a series I envision featuring Mabel Atwood, a 50-something widow, who is governess to a 13-year-old girl, Natalie Sherwood. But Mabel is not … Continue reading
Posted in British historical romance, Christian historical fiction, Christian romance, England, inspirational historical romance, London, love stories, New book, spring, Uncategorized, Victorian era Tagged Christian romance, England, inspirational romance, Kensington, Late Victorian, London, Mabel Atwood, Matchmaking Governess, Victorian, Victorian romance, Victorian Spring
Moonlight Masquerade: A Regency Romance
Revell Publishers is hosting a giveaway of my March book, Moonlight Masquerade. Go on over to Goodreads at the following link to enter for your chance to win one of 5 copies: http://www.goodreads.com/giveaway/show/42349-moonlight-masquerade?auto_login_attempted=true This giveaway runs from Feb. … Continue reading
Posted in book giveaway, Christian Fiction, Christian historical fiction, Christian regency romance, Christian romance, England, free book, inspirational historical romance, inspirational regency romance, inspirational romance, London, love stories, New book, regency romance, War of 1812 Tagged book giveaway, Christian Fiction, Christian regency romance, inspirational historical romance, inspirational regency romance, Regency Romance, spy novel, War 1812
Thoughts on Branding
I recently returned from the ACFW (American Christian Fiction Writers) Conference in Dallas, Texas. It was my first Christian Writers' Conference, and my first writers' conference as a published writer. (I think my last was the 1994 RWA conference in … Continue reading


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OK, so it's not February, sorry, but February was not good for favorite recipes. I don't know what happened but I was in a bit of a rut with cooking. So I'm going to fall back on my favorite recipe for November and December. This became my go to recipe, I brought it to a couple parties and ate a ton of it at home. I even had meat eaters asking "are you sure there is no meat in this". It's a totally hearty and perfectly seasonal dish.
It's Nut Stuffed Delicata Squash – guess where I found this one?….. Sunset. I find so many good recipes in Sunset.
Anyways, this is such a yummy dish and one of the best parts is that you can eat the skin on the delicata squash. So this is a perfect dish to bring to a party and you can cut it into little bite size chunks to pop into your mouth. Another reason I love this dish so much is that I am able to get beautiful delicata squash from a local farm, Oak Hill Farm, right now the farm is closed but they are at our Friday Farmers Market. All Fall and Winter they've been providing me with beautiful, organic delicata squash.
This dish is so hearty, it has walnuts, pistachios, almonds and pine nuts – yum. Some people may think that vegetarian dishes aren't filling enough, which is not true, and this dish is there to prove those individuals wrong. I just pair it with a nice salad to balance out the warm, heartiness of the main dish. It's a great cold weather dish.
I hope you enjoy!
(sorry, I just realized I used the word hearty a zillion times in this post – but this word totally describes this dish – so try not to get too annoyed with my overuse of "hearty" – there it is again!)


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Theatrical re-release poster
|Directed by
|James Whale
|Produced by
|Carl Laemmle, Jr.
|Written by
Peggy Webling
John L. Balderston
Francis Edward Faragoh
Garrett Fort
Robert Florey
John Russell
|Based on
Frankenstein by
Mary Shelley
Colin Clive
Mae Clarke
John Boles
Boris Karloff
|Music by
|Bernhard Kaun
|Arthur Edeson
|Editing by
Clarence Kolster
Maurice Pivar
|Distributed by
|Universal Pictures
|Release date(s)
|November 21, 1931
|Running time
|71 minutes
|United States
|Box office
Frankenstein is a 1931 horror monster film from Universal Pictures directed by James Whale and adapted from the play by Peggy Webling, which in turn is based on the novel of the same name by Mary Shelley. The film stars Colin Clive, Mae Clarke, John Boles and Boris Karloff and features Dwight Frye and Edward van Sloan. The Webling play was adapted by John L. Balderston and the screenplay written by Francis Edward Faragoh and Garrett Fort with uncredited contributions from Robert Florey and John Russell. The make-up artist was Jack Pierce. A huge hit with both audiences and critics, the film was followed by multiple sequels and became one of the most iconic horror films in movie history.
Heinrich "Henry" Frankenstein (Colin Clive), an ardent young scientist, and his devoted assistant Fritz (Dwight Frye), a hunchback, piece together a human body, the parts of which have been secretly collected from various sources. Frankenstein's consuming desire is to create human life through various electrical devices which he has perfected.
Elizabeth (Mae Clarke), his fiancée, is worried to distraction over his peculiar actions. She cannot understand why he secludes himself in an abandoned watch tower, which he has equipped as a laboratory, refusing to see anyone. She and her friend, Victor Moritz (John Boles), go to Dr. Waldman (Edward Van Sloan), his old medical professor, and ask Dr. Waldman's help in reclaiming the young scientist from his absorbing experiments. Waldman tells them that Frankenstein has been working on creating life. Elizabeth, intent on rescuing Frankenstein, arrives just as Henry is making his final tests. He tells them to watch, claiming to have discovered the ray that brought life into the world. They all watch Frankenstein and the hunchback as they raise the dead creature on an operating table, high into the room, toward an opening at the top of the laboratory. Then a terrific crash of thunder, the crackling of Frankenstein's electric machines, and the hand of Frankenstein's monster (Boris Karloff) begins to move. This causes Frankenstein to shout 'It's alive!'
Through the incompetence of Fritz, a criminal brain was secured for Frankenstein's experiments instead of the desired normal one. The manufactured monster, despite its grotesque form, initially appears not to be a malevolent beast but a simple, innocent creation. Frankenstein welcomes it into his laboratory and asks his creation to sit, which it does. He then opens up the roof, causing the monster to reach out towards the sunlight. Fritz, however, enters with a flaming torch, which frightens the monster. Its fright is mistaken by Frankenstein and Dr. Waldman as an attempt to attack them, and so it is taken to the dungeon where it is chained. Thinking that it is not fit for society and will wreak havoc at any chance, they leave the monster locked up, where Fritz antagonizes it with a torch. As Henry and Dr. Waldman consider the fate of the monster, they hear a shriek from the dungeon. Frankenstein and Dr. Waldman rush in to find the monster has strangled Fritz. The monster makes a lunge at the two but they escape the dungeon, locking the monster inside. Realizing that the creature must be destroyed, Henry prepares an injection of a powerful drug and the two conspire to release the monster and inject it as it attacks. When the door is unlocked the creature emerges and lunges at Frankenstein as Dr. Waldman injects the drug into the creature's back. The monster knocks Dr. Waldman to the floor and has nearly killed Henry when the drug takes effect, and he falls to the floor unconscious.
Henry leaves to prepare for his wedding while Dr. Waldman conducts an examination of the unconscious creature. As he is preparing to begin dissecting it, the creature awakens and strangles him. It escapes from the tower and wanders through the landscape. It then has a short encounter with a farmer's young daughter, Maria (Marilyn Harris), who asks him to play a game with her in which they playfully toss flowers into a lake and watch them float. The monster enjoys the game, but when they run out of flowers, tragedy occurs. Due to his defective brain, the monster thinks Maria (unable to swim) will float as well as the flowers, so he picks her up and throws her into the lake, and the girl drowns. Realizing he has made a terrible mistake, the monster walks away feeling troubled and remorseful. This drowning scene is one of the most controversial in the film, with a long history of censorship.
With preparations for the wedding completed, Frankenstein is once again himself and serenely happy with Elizabeth. They are to marry as soon as Dr. Waldman arrives. Victor rushes in, saying that the Doctor has been found strangled in his operating room. Frankenstein suspects the monster. A chilling scream convinces him that the monster is in the house. When the searchers arrive, they find Elizabeth unconscious on the bed. The monster has escaped. He is intent only upon destroying Frankenstein.
Meanwhile, Maria's father arrives, carrying the body of his daughter. He says she was murdered, and an enraged band of peasants search the surrounding country for the monster. They are split into three groups, Frankenstein leading one into the mountains. He becomes separated from the band and is discovered by the monster who, after the two stare each other down for a curious moment, attacks him. After a struggle, in which Frankenstein's torch fails to save him, the monster knocks Frankenstein unconscious and carries him off to the old mill. The peasants hear his cries and follow. Upon reaching the mill, they find the monster has climbed to the very top, dragging Frankenstein with him. In a burst of rage, he hurls the young scientist to the ground. His fall is broken by the vanes of the windmill, saving him from instant death. Some of the villagers hurry him to his home while the others remain to burn the mill and destroy the entrapped monster.
Later, back at Castle Frankenstein, Frankenstein's father, Baron Frankenstein (Frederick Kerr) celebrates the wedding of his recovered son with a toast to a future grandchild.
- Colin Clive as Henry Frankenstein
- Mae Clarke as Elizabeth
- John Boles as Victor Moritz
- Boris Karloff (billed as "?") as Frankenstein's monster
- Edward Van Sloan as Dr. Waldman
- Frederick Kerr as Baron Frankenstein
- Dwight Frye as Fritz
- Lionel Belmore as Herr Vogel, the Burgomaster
- Marilyn Harris as Little Maria
The film begins with Edward Van Sloan stepping from behind a curtain and delivering a brief caution before the opening credits:
Hello. Mr. Carl Lammele has asked me to give you just a friendly word of warning: We are about to unfold the story of Frankenstein, a man of science who sought to create a man after his own image without reckoning upon God. It is one of the strangest tales ever told. It deals with the two great mysteries of creation; life and death. I think it will thrill you. It may shock you. It might even horrify you. So, if any of you feel that you do not care to subject your nerves to such a strain, now's your chance to uh, well, ––we warned you!!
In the opening credits, Karloff is unbilled, with only a question mark being used in place of his name. This is a nod to a tradition of theatrical adaptations billing the monster without a name. Karloff's name is revealed in the closing credits, which otherwise duplicate the credits from the opening under the motto that "A Good Cast Is Worth Repeating." There was controversy around this point, as some of the Universal management wanted to build suspense over who was playing the creature to gather interest in the film. Others state it was because the film would cause the ruin of the performer in the role and wanted to minimize said actor's liability,[citation needed] as the original script went against the conventions of the day. For instance, Flory's drafts included a scene with the Monster graphically assaulting Frankenstein's finacee Elizabeth.
Bela Lugosi was largely thought to be performing the role of the creature up until the time of the film's release, despite published statements to the contrary. Some papers were still erroneously listing Lugosi as the performer, and it was hoped theater-goers were coming to see if Lugosi had changed his mind about starring in the film. Thus the somewhat fraudulent circulation of coming attraction posters for the film, most notably the still-famous "electric beam eyes" poster, which credited Lugosi as the Monster and showed the creature without the now-famous flat head, neck bolt makeup created by Universal Studios makeup artist Jack Pierce.
Immediately following his success in Dracula, Bela Lugosi had been the first choice to play Dr. Frankenstein in Universal's original film concept, but the actor proved to be unsuitable for that role. He was then "downgraded" to play the Monster (a common move for a contract player in a film studio at the time) to keep his famous name on the bill.[3] After several disastrous make-up tests (said to resemble that of Paul Wegener in The Golem), the Dracula star left the project. Although this is often regarded as one of the worst decisions of Lugosi's career, in actuality, the part that Lugosi was offered was not the same character that Karloff eventually played. The character in the Florey script was simply a killing machine without a touch of human interest or pathos, reportedly causing Lugosi to complain, "I was a star in my country[4] and I will not be a scarecrow over here!"[5] Florey later wrote that "the Hungarian actor didn't show himself very enthusiastic for the role and didn't want to play it." However, the decision may not have been Lugosi's in any case, since recent evidence suggests that he was kicked off the project, along with director Robert Florey when the newly-arrived James Whale asked for the property. Whale had been imported from England by the Laemmeles and given a free hand as to his choice of projects at Universal. He was immediately attracted to Frankenstein and greatly revised the script and conceptualiztion of the project, which had troubled the management. Florey and Lugosi were given the Murders in the Rue Morgue film, as a consolation. Lugosi would later go on to play the monster in Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man a decade later, when his career was in decline and only after Lon Chaney, Jr. refused to play both the Wolfman and the Monster in the film for the same pay rate. Chaney had previously appeared as the Monster in the previous Frankenstein film Ghost of Frankenstein.
Actors who worked on the project were, or became familiar to, fans of the Universal horror films. These included Frederick Kerr as the old Baron Frankenstein, Henry's father; Lionel Belmore as Herr Vogel, the Bürgermeister; Marilyn Harris as Little Maria, the girl the monster accidentally kills; Dwight Frye as Frankenstein's hunchbacked assistant; and Michael Mark as Ludwig, Maria's father. Although Kerr died a year and a half later, Belmore and Mark appeared in other Universal films and Frankenstein sequels, such as Son of Frankenstein. (Oddly, Michael Mark did not reprise his role in the early portion of Bride of Frankenstein when his Ludwig character is killed by the Monster under the wreckage of the burning mill.)
Jack Pierce was the makeup artist who largely designed the iconic "flat head" look for Karloff's monster, although Whale's contribution in the form of sketches remains controversial; the question of who was actually contributed what to the makeup design will likely never have a satisfactory answer.
Kenneth Strickfaden designed the electrical effects used in the "creation scene." So successful were they that such effects came to be considered an essential part of every subsequent Universal film involving the Frankenstein Monster. Accordingly, the equipment used to produce them has come to be referred to in fan circles as "Strickfadens." It appears that Strickfaden managed to secure the use of at least one Tesla Coil built by the inventor Nikola Tesla himself.[6] According to this same source, Strickfaden also doubled for Karloff during the creation scene, as Karloff was afraid of being burned by sparks being thown off the arcing electrical equipment simulating lightning. Although he was partially covered by a surgical drape, Karloff's abdomen was otherwise exposed during the scene and the high-voltage arc "scissors" threw white-hot bits of metal when they were used to create flashes.
There is no musical soundtrack in the film, except for the opening and closing credits.
The film opened in New York City at the Mayfair Theatre on December 4, 1931, and grossed $53,000 in one week.[5]
Censorship historyEdit
The scene in which the monster throws the little girl into the lake and accidentally drowns her has long been controversial. Upon its original 1931 release, the second part of this scene was cut by state censorship boards in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and New York.[5] Those states also objected to a line they considered blasphemous, one that occurred during Frankenstein's exuberance when he first learns that his creature is alive. The original line was: "It's alive! It's alive! In the name of God! Now I know what it feels like to be God!"[5] Kansas requested the cutting of 32 scenes, which, if removed, would have halved the length of the film.[7] Jason Joy of the Studio Relations Committee sent censor representative Joseph Breen to urge them to reconsider. Eventually, an edited version was released in Kansas.[5]
As with many Pre-Code films that were reissued after strict enforcement of the Production Code in 1934, Universal made cuts from the master negative.[8]
- Frankenstein's line, "Now I know what it feels like to be God!", was cut.[citation needed]
- Some footage of Frankenstein's assistant Fritz taking sadistic glee in scaring the monster by waving a lit torch near him while the monster is shackled in chains.[citation needed]
- Close up of needle injection was removed.[citation needed]
- In the scene of the monster and the little girl tossing flowers into the lake, the second part of the scene was cut, beginning at the moment he extends his hands to pick her up.[citation needed]
These censored scenes were not shown for decades; in 1986, MCA-Universal restored the shots of Fritz tormenting the Monster, the close up of the needle injection and Maria being thrown in the water, while the full "Now I know what it feels like to be God!" line would not be fully restored until 1999.[citation needed]
Mordaunt Hall gave Frankenstein a very positive review and said that the film "aroused so much excitement at the Mayfair yesterday that many in the audience laughed to cover their true feelings." "[T]here is no denying that it is far and away the most effective thing of its kind. Beside it "Dracula" is tame and, incidentally, "Dracula" was produced by the same firm [...]"[9]
Frankenstein has received acclaim from critics and is widely regarded as one of the best films of 1931,[10][11][12][13] as well as one of the greatest movies of all time.[14][15] It holds a 100% "Fresh" rating on the review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes.[16] In 1991, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being deemed "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant".[17][18] In 2004, The New York Times placed the film on its Best 1000 Movies Ever list.[19]
Frankenstein also received recognition from the American Film Institute. It was named the 87th greatest movie of all time on 100 Years... 100 Movies.[14] The line "It's alive! It's alive!" was ranked as the 49th greatest movie quote in American cinema.[20] The film was on the ballot for several of AFI's 100 series lists, including AFI's 10 Top 10 for the sci-fi category,[21] 100 Years... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition),[22] and twice on 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains for both Dr. Henry Frankenstein and the Monster in the villains category.[23]
The film was ranked number 56 on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills, a list of America's most heart-pounding movies.[24] It was also ranked number 27 on Bravo's 100 Scariest Movie Moments.[25] Additionally, the Chicago Film Critics Association named it the 14th scariest film ever made.[26]
Sequels and parodiesEdit
Frankenstein was followed by a string of sequels, beginning with Bride of Frankenstein (1935), in which Elsa Lanchester plays the Monster's bride.
The next sequel, 1939's Son of Frankenstein, was made, like all those that followed, without Whale or Clive (who had died in 1937). This film also featured Karloff's last full film performance as the Monster. Son of Frankenstein featured Basil Rathbone as Baron Wolf von Frankenstein, and Lionel Atwill as Inspector Krogh.
The Ghost of Frankenstein was released in 1942. The movie features Lon Chaney, Jr. as the Monster, taking over from Boris Karloff, who played the role in the first three films of the series, and Bela Lugosi in his second appearance as the demented Ygor.
The fifth installment, Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man was released in 1943, directed by Roy William Neill, and starring Bela Lugosi as Frankenstein's monster. This is also the sequel to The Wolf Man, with Lon Chaney, Jr. as the Wolf Man. Karloff returned to the series, but not the role, in the 1944 followup, House of Frankenstein, which also featured Chaney, and adds Dracula and a Hunchback for good measure. 1945's House of Dracula continued the theme of combining Universal's three most popular monsters.
Many of the subsequent films which featured Frankenstein's monster demote the creature to a robotic henchman in someone else's plots, such as in its final Universal film appearance in the deliberately farcical Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948).
Karloff would return to the wearing of the makeup and to the role of the Monster one last time in an episode of the TV show Route 66 in the early 1960s.
The popular 1960s TV show, The Munsters, depicts the family's father Herman as Frankenstein's monster, who married Count Dracula's daughter. The make-up for Herman is based on the make-up of Boris Karloff.
Mel Brooks's comedy Young Frankenstein parodied elements of the first three Universal Frankenstein movies. Brooks also recreated the movie into a musical of the same name.
Universal film company's 2004 film Van Helsing also featured the Frankenstein creature.
A short film, Frankenthumb, is a comedy spoof created using only thumbs.
An animated parody film, Frankenweenie, depicting Victor Frankenstein as a modern American boy and his deceased pet dog as the monster, was made by Tim Burton in 1984. Burton remade it as a full-length animated film in 2012.
Several characters in the film The Nightmare Before Christmas are modeled after the characters from Frankenstein, namely Dr. Finklestein and Sally.
Frankenstein's assistantEdit
Although Frankenstein's hunchbacked assistant is often referred to as "Igor" in descriptions of the films, this is incorrect. In both Frankenstein and Bride of Frankenstein, Frankenstein has an assistant who is played both times by Dwight Frye who is crippled. In the original 1931 film the character is named "Fritz" who is hunchbacked and walks with the aid of a small cane. In Bride of Frankenstein, Frye plays "Karl" a murderer who stands upright but has a lumbering metal brace on both legs that can be heard clicking loudly with every step. Both characters would be killed by Karloff's monster in their respective films. It was not until Son of Frankenstein that a character called "Ygor" first appears (here played by Bela Lugosi and revived by Lugosi in the Ghost of Frankenstein after his apparent murder in Son of Frankenstein). This character — a deranged blacksmith whose neck and back are broken and twisted due to a botched hanging — befriends the monster and later helps Dr. Wolf Frankenstein, leading to the "hunchbacked assistant" called "Igor" commonly associated with Frankenstein in pop culture. Frye appears in later films in the series, such as in Frankenstein Meets the Wolfman: "He said we was going to blow up the dam..." and others.
See alsoEdit
- Universal Monsters
- Universal Horror
- The Spirit of the Beehive
- Boris Karloff filmography
- Pre-Code Hollywood
- ↑ Michael Brunas, John Brunas & Tom Weaver, Universal Horrors: The Studios Classic Films, 1931-46, McFarland, 1990 p24
- ↑ Box Office Information for Frankenstein. The Numbers. Retrieved April 13, 2012.
- ↑ ""Frankenstein" Cast Chosen.". New York Times. August 30, 1931, Sunday. "The Universal production of Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein" is taking shape under the knowing guidance of James Whale. Boris Karloff and not Bela Lugosi is the final choice to play the monster."
- ↑ Bela Lugosi was born outside the western border of Transylvania in Austria–Hungary (now Lugoj, Romania)
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Vieira. pgs. 42–3
- ↑ Golman, Harry (November 11, 2005). Kenneth Strickfaden, Dr. Frankenstein's Electrician. McFarland & Company. ISBN 0-7864-2064-2.
- ↑ Doherty. pg. 297
- ↑ Vieira. pg. 48
- ↑ Review by Mordaunt Hall, The New York Times
- ↑ "The Greatest Films of 1931". AMC Filmsite.org. http://www.filmsite.org/1931.html. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
- ↑ "The Best Movies of 1931 by Rank". Films101.com. http://www.films101.com/y1931r.htm. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
- ↑ "The Best Films of 1931". listal.com. http://www.listal.com/list/best-films-of-1931. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
- ↑ "Most Popular Feature Films Released in 1931". IMDb.com. http://www.imdb.com/year/1931. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies". AFI.com. http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/movies100.pdf?docID=264. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
- ↑ "5-Star Movies by Rank". Films101.com. http://www.films101.com/5starr.htm. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
- ↑ "Frankenstein Movie Reviews, Pictures". Rotten Tomatoes. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1007818-frankenstein/. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
- ↑ "Films Selected to the National Film Registry, Library of Congress 1989 to 2009". LOC.gov. http://www.loc.gov/film/titles.html. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
- ↑ "Frankenstein: Award Wins and Nominations". IMDb.com. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0021884/awards. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
- ↑ "The Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made". The New York Times. April 29, 2003. http://www.nytimes.com/ref/movies/1000best.html. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
- ↑ "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes". AFI.com. http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
- ↑ "AFI's 10 Top 10 Official Ballot". AFI.com. http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/10top10.pdf?docID=381&AddInterest=1781. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
- ↑ "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) Official Ballot". AFI.com. http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/Movies_ballot_06.pdf?docID=141. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
- ↑ "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains: The 400 Nominated Characters". AFI.com. http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/handv400.pdf?docID=245. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
- ↑ "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills". AFI.com. http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/thrills100.pdf?docID=250. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
- ↑ "Bravo's The 100 Scariest Movie Moments". web.archive.org. Archived from the original on October 30, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071030070540/http://www.bravotv.com/The_100_Scariest_Movie_Moments/index.shtml. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
- ↑ "Chicago Critics' Scariest Films". AltFilmGuide.com. http://www.altfg.com/blog/hollywood/chicago-critics-scariest-films/. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
- Doherty, Thomas Patrick. Pre-Code Hollywood: Sex, Immorality, and Insurrection in American Cinema 1930-1934. New York: Columbia University Press 1999. ISBN 0-231-11094-4
- Vieira, Mark A., Sin in Soft Focus. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. 2003. ISBN 0-8109-8228-5
External linksEdit
- Frankenstein (1931) at DBCult Film Institute
- Frankenstein (1931 film) at the Internet Movie Database
- Frankenstein (1931 film) at Rotten Tomatoes
- Frankenstein (1931 film) at the TCM Movie Database
- Frankenstein (1931 film) at AllRovi
- More Than the Sum of Its Parts: The Making of Frankenstein by Stephen Jacobs at Creativescreenwriting.com


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Describe the effects of the Blitz on everyday life in Britain.
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Michaela Bedford Question 2: Describe the effects of the Blitz on everyday life in Britain. In this essay I am going to describe the effects the Blitz had on the life of the British people. The word Blitz comes from the German word Blitzkrieg meaning lightening war. The Blitz is the bombing of London, England, by the Germans in 1940 and 1941 during World War II. The Blitz started at 5 o'clock on the 7th September 1940. The German air force sent 300 German aircrafts to drop high explosives on the docklands which included homes, factories, warehouses etc. As the bombs were dropped fire broke out immediately. More German bombers arrived by 7:30pm and the fires were out of control, Londoners were being evacuated by the thousands. ...read more.
These other cities included Coventry, Birmingham, Glasgow, Manchester, Bristol, Southampton, Portsmouth, Liverpool, Belfast and many other cities. Coventry was bombed on the 14th November were the German bombers destroyed the city centre and all its ancient buildings and cathedrals. But none of these cities were hit as bad as London, in every week of September 1940 40,000 - 50,000 people lost their homes and had to live in rest centres. The British people would get on with everyday work after a nights raid as if nothing had happened, even though everyone was suffering. The British people were all cheerful in the face of adversity. German bombers often made mistakes and dropped bombed in wrong places. But when they did hit their targets there were fires and disaster to come along with it. ...read more.
There were more civilian casualties and deaths than militarily in Britain, but this did not bruise their determination. The British people trusted the government and politicians and were determined to defeat the enemy by continuing to do their best for the war effort. The Blitz finally ended in May 1941, when Hitler realised that the British were not going to surrender. So the Germans decided to invade Russia. Raids still continued for the British, but the ordeal of the Blitz was over. In this essay I have explained and expanded on the effect of the Blitz on everyday life of the British people. I have come to the conclusion that during the Blitz the British people were determined not to let the Germans crush them no matter how bad things got in Britain. All the British people stood up for each other and got on with everyday life. ...read more.
This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Britain 1905-1951 section.
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Tuesday, 12 October 2010
CONTEMPORARY PAINTER - Jonathan Lasker
"Hidden Identity," 2009, oil on linen, 16 x 12"
In "Hidden Identity," Lasker suggests that the act of viewing art functions as a metaphor for a kind of metaphysical puzzle solving. In this painting the artist composes another body of systematically stroked black lines, this time parallel to one another and positioned in obliquely angled groups. A rough weaving of boldly painted blue, red and yellow planks and a small, roughly cone shaped blob of pink paint sprout from the bottom of the image. A doodle suggesting curly black hair and another grid form of unbalanced cross-hatched lines extend and totter from the painting's top, the latter pair of images suggesting both the painting's entrance portal and its gatekeeper. Yet far from threatening, this friendly maze-like topography invites the gaze gently into its space, as if one were calmly looking out of a window. It says that only by redirecting the psyche's energy inward can viewers begin to clarify and discover not this painting's identity but their own.
Studies for Paintings 1986 - 2006
In the mid-eighties there was a subtle change as Lasker began to work from small sketches or doodles. Each painting is now preceded by several studies. It is not just a matter of scaling up initial doodles: they are scaled up, more or less, but details or colors may be changed.
Lasker's palette of fluorescent blues, oranges and pinks gives the work a contemporary nu-rave edginess. A sensual use of paint is contrasted with graphic scribbles. The drama and geometry of these maquettes is achieved with various combinations of oil, pen, ink and ballpoint pen on paper. Each study is expertly contained within a small-scale format of approximately 13 by 17 cm. At first the doodle-like quality of the work has an air of Abstract Expressionism, yet closer inspection reveals a carefully premeditated balance and constraint typical of Lasker's body of work.
'Untitled' 1989 - 6 3/4 x 5 in. / 17.2 x 12.7 cm
Oil and ballpoint pen on paper
'Untitled' 1987 - 5 x 6 3/4 in. / 12.7 x 17.2 cm
Oil on paper
Jonathan Lasker was born in 1948 in Jersey City, New Jersey. He attended the School of Visual Arts in New York and Calarts in Valencia, California in the late 1970's. Lasker has exhibited internationally since the early 1980's. A major retrospective of his work was held at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain in 2003
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Terrified that Lee is having an affair, Whitney demands the truth in EastEnders.
Latest Stories
Whitney is in a state over Lee's lie that he was in work all day. Determined to discover the truth one way or another – even if she finds out he's cheating on her – Whitney tells Lee she wants him to tell her what's going on. Will he admit the real reason?
Dennis is struggling with the difficult things that have been going on recently and confides in Phil.
Also, Dot goes to her doctor's appointment about her eyes. Will her worries be eased? Meanwhile, the residents learn who has been given a role in the Christmas play.


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Colterenzio Schreckbichl, Praedium, Puiten Pinot Grigio, Alto Adige, Italy 2011
Brilliant straw yellow. Beautiful peach and spice with a touch of oak and grapefruit. Feather-light and succulent. Alto Adige's most popular white variety – Colterenzio Schreckbichl, Praedium, Puiten 2011 is a finely textured and minerally wine, half-fermented in oak, convincingly shows how lower yields can make a world of difference.
Alc 13.5%
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Taster Walter Speller
Colterenzio Schreckbichl is one of Alto Adige's most admired co-operatives run by Wolfgang Raifer. When Wolfgang took over from his father, Luis, in 1999, the co-operative was already firmly on the quality track, and so he merely fine-tunes rather than implements radical change, with the exception of one: using computers in the vineyard to collect real-time data on grape ripening of each of the 300 different sites.


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About Kelsey Ale
Sassy Gal in SoCal. Certified Nutritional Therapist, Wellness Coach, Recipe Developer,
Author of 'Paleo Sweets' cookbook, Spa Lover, Fitness Fan, Nature Seeker.
Why I Do This
One of the things I love most is watching the joy and energy return to someone as they naturally heal their body and discover vibrant health. I've found that when a person uncovers that vibrant health within themselves, when they feel fit and confident in their body, they engage with the world in a different way that lights up their life and the lives of those around them.
Nutrition is the most inexpensive, easiest way to transform your health so you can live a happy, vibrant life.
I work with women who want real answers and personalized solutions to their nutrition and health needs. They've been to doctors, they've read the blogs, and they've tried the cleanses – and they're done chasing dead ends when it comes to their health. I work with women who appreciate their bodies and are ready to invest in real results.
The women I work with want to be guided by someone who has healed her own body and knows what it takes, so they can rest assured they'll finally experience vibrant health for themselves. They're ready to be lead by the hand through a custom healing protocol that addresses the underlying cause of their symptoms so they can get rid of those symptoms for GOOD! And I have every confidence in the world that transformation is possible for you, too.
When we work together one-on-one you'll feel seen and taken care of from the beginning. You're not just another number or another face in the office – you're a real person who I can't wait to connect with!
How I healed through food and why I'm Paleo.
I became a vegetarian at the age of 14 because a.) I thought it was cool to rebel against my parents, and b.) I had a really hard time when I learned about how conventional meat is "produced". As I got older I became more set in my beliefs that vegetarianism was the true path to health, and that all you had to do to transcend illness was to cut meat (and eventually all animal products) out of your diet, and you would become a shining example of wellness.
I was pretty convincing in my arguments with this, except for one glaring objection: I was really, really sick.
My journey to healing was probably a lot like yours – years of unanswered questions, dead ends, and ineffective treatments that required much sacrifice from me yet yielded minimal results. Doctors couldn't answer my questions, tests came back showing "nothing was wrong", and yet I continued to suffer.
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When that light bulb went on it was like the blinders had been lifted from my eyes and I could finally see the light – and it showed me a clear path to healing.
I dove headfirst into learning about the science of nutrition, critically weeding out fad diets and "dietary philosophies" that were based on opinion and not fact, and I began using myself as a guinea pig for the protocols that seemed to make sense. Finding the Paleo diet was a process of trial and error, testing each variable and finding that the closer I got to primal the better I felt.
That being said, it doesn't mean that the Paleo diet is exactly right for YOU. But with the tools we use in our work together we can uncover exactly what nutrition plan is right for your body so you, too, can discover your path to vibrant health!
Remember, healing is a journey, but you have to be on the right path in order to experience truly vibrant health.


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Its that time of the year again. Let's soak in the festive mood and enjoy your long Christmas holidays ahead.
Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to you and your loved ones!
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text: jonboyjon1990 837 Posted August 13 I know people have been wondering whether or not the campaign boxes would contain new heroes or not. Well I just noticed on the product page this: Quote Story Boxes – The larger Story Boxes introduce a series of three to five linked scenarios that let you live out your favorite comic book stories! These boxes contain both new heroes and villains to expand your game of Marvel Champions! 4 3 4wallz, FearLord, Derrault and 4 others reacted to this Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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Dec 5, 2007 (CIDRAP News) Amid controversy around the construction of a biodefense laboratory in Boston, a project risk assessment from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is funding the lab, has been condemned as unsound by the National Research Council (NRC).
The findings from the NRC, an arm of the National Academies, were released on Nov 29 in a 28-page report posted on the NRC's Web site. The National Academies consist of four private, nonprofit, congressionally chartered institutions that advise the US government on science, technology, and health policy issues.
An NRC committee was named to look into the NIH's risk assessment of the biosafety level 4 lab, which will be located at Boston University, in response to a request from the state of Massachusetts, according to the NRC report. The state made the request after a court challenge invalidated the state's finding that the NIH's draft environmental impact report was adequate.
After it lost the court challenge, the state asked the NIH to produce a risk assessment addressing additional worst-case scenarios, alternative sites for the lab, and mitigation issues in the event of a pathogen release from the lab.
"The NIH draft report has serious weaknesses, in particular regarding selection of pathogens and lack of transparency of the modeling, leading the committee to conclude that the draft is not sound and credible," said NRC committee chairman John Ahearne, executive director emeritus of Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society, in the NRC press release.
One of the advisory committee's criticisms centers on the pathogens the NIH selected in the scenarios modeled and described in the risk assessment: Ebola hemorrhagic fever virus, monkeypox virus, Sabia hemorrhagic fever virus, and Rift Valley fever virus.
The committee said that worst-case scenario planning should have involved agents, such as those that spread by aerosol droplets, that have higher person-to-person transmission rates than most of the agents the NIH included.
Also, the committee faulted the NIH report for focusing mainly on a single individual or a small number of lab workers in analyzing the probability of a release of a lethal agent. The NIH should have included other possibilities, such as equipment failure, security breaches, and malevolent action, the report states.
Besides voicing several detailed concerns about the NIH's risk assessment methodology, the advisory committee said the agency's report glossed over "environmental justice" issues related to the lab's inner-city setting.
"Environmental justice communities are often faced with environmental stressors that wealthier communities do not face," the committee wrote, adding that the South End neighborhood where the new lab is located could face extra health challenges if residents' health is poor, public health services are lacking, or insects or rodents are common in the area.
In a letter to Massachusetts officials that accompanies the report, Ahearne emphasized that the report focuses only on the quality of the NIH risk assessment and shouldn't be viewed as a statement about the risk of a biocontainment facility in Boston or any other city.
"The committee acknowledges the need for biocontainment laboratories in the United States, including BSL 4 laboratories, and recognizes that BSL 4 laboratories are being operated in other major urban areas," he wrote.
The NRC report will be among other public comments the NIH will review as it finalizes its risk analysis, according to a Nov 30 Washington Post report.
Klare Allen, a community organizer who has led opposition to the lab's construction, told the Washington Post that she was pleased with the NRC's findings. "The NRC pretty much confirmed everything we've been saying for the last 5 years," she said.
The Post story, published Nov 30, said the lab is 70% complete. Federal officials have said that if they lose court battles over the lab, it will be used to study less dangerous pathogens, according to the story.
See also:
Nov 29 NRC press release
NRC report on NIH risk analysis of Boston BSL 4 laboratory


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- Learn the Bodywork that has it all: stretches, range of motion, and deep tissue plus energy work , breathing techniques, and meditation.
- Learn from a master practitioner and teacher of Thai Bodywork with 25 years experience.
- Experience and learn Robert's nurturing style of Thai that achieves deep effects without force by bringing out the dance and meditative qualities.
- Learn more than the mechanics – learn the spiritual and cultural foundations of this ancient Buddhist healing art.
- Learn more than a collection of moves – learn a smooth-flowing routine for the whole body (in 4 positions) that is safe and effective for most clients..
- Get step-by-step guidance in body mechanics to perform each move and the whole choreography on a floor mat or on a massage table.
- Completely experiential class as Robert works on everyone and guides lots of practice, exercises & meditations.
- Booklet with pictures of all the moves in sequence is included.
- Even if you don't want to practice Thai Bodywork you can apply most of the elements to enhance other modalities.
CE Hours: All courses are approved by NCBTMB and Florida Massage Board. A "Certificate of Completion" is given. Level 1 & 2 courses give 21 CE Hours (all that is needed in addition to 3 Hours of Ethics for license renewal in North Carolina). The One-Day Introduction series gives 8 CE Hours for each day. Course completions are reported to CE Broker.
Three course levels from Introduction to Advanced: Level 1 and Level 2 are three-day courses giving 21 CE Hours. (Note that Level 1 is prerequisite for Level 2.) A series of three One-Day Introduction courses are also taught that cover the same material as each day in the Level 1 course. See Course Descriptions.
Class Size is limited to 16 in order to give adequate supervision for this work which is very new and different for most students. So register early!
Disclaimer: You cannot master Thai Bodywork in one weekend. Both Levels One and Two and lots of practice are required to be fully competent. You must practice, practice, practice to get the sensitivity, control, and flow that is both safe and effective and imparts the confidence in clients for them to really let go and receive the healing work. To help you, guided follow-up practice sessions are available and announced exclusively to students from these courses.


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April 2008, Volume :38 Number 4 , page 10 - 10 [Free]
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You recently reported on a national study of ED care from 1998 to 2004 ("Substandard E.D. Care: Treatment for MI, Pneumonia Falls Short," Clinical Rounds, January 2008).* Researchers found that the quality of care for patients with myocardial infarction or pneumonia was "below national goals" during the study period.
As a performance improvement coordinator, I'm involved with quality measures. My opinion is that ED care for patients with these conditions has greatly improved in the last 4 years. Additional quality initiatives, such as using order sets and protocols, have helped hospitals improve their data and outcomes.
La Plata, Md.
Pham JC, et al., National study on the quality of emergency department care in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction and pneumonia, Academic Emergency Medicine, October 2007.
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Harlequin Arc Fabric HMOV130586
Arc is an amazing white fabric with an attractive patterned design from Harlequin. Suitable for curtains.
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Some wallpapers and panels do not have samples available, in these circumstances we recommend that you consult the wallpaper pattern book. Samples of some large design wallpapers and fabrics may be accompanied by a printed image.
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You will gain the respect of your employees when you show empathy and work hard to support their success. A good leader will also empower employees. Giving people a job to do is ideal, and the following information below offers many good tips that will explain these things to you.
Leaders must be definitely geared towards goals and the future. It's important to see what's coming and plan for it. While you can't make predictions, you can build up the skills for it. Keep asking yourself where you're expecting to be in a year or so and then start planning to make it happen.
Always express appreciation to those who are working for you. It takes only a minute to write an appreciative note and it could be very meaningful to someone who has been working hard. And, the impact that they can have on morale – and by extension, productivity – can be dramatic.
Tenacity is key when you are striving to be a great leader. When everything goes wrong, the whole team will be looking to you for cues on how to react. Whatever obstacles may be in your way, keep www.nobsimreviews.com/tai-lopez-scam your focus on the goal. Your persistence as a leader will help inspire your team to keep moving.
It is important to be a leader that is approachable. Some leaders believe that intimidation and bullying is the best way to establish who's in charge. That is not the right path, and you will be loathe to find success that way. Communicate your availability to help employees sort through difficult issues and obstacles in their jobs.
As a good leader in business, never compromise your own morals just to stay competitive. If your competition is doing anything you don't approve of, you don't have to follow suit. You aren't required to do the same things they do in order to be players in the game. If you can come up with a new way to compete, you'll feel a lot better with your decision.
Good work can flow more readily in the presence of strong incentives. Although everyone is paid for their work, it is still great to offer incentives as ways to show great leadership. If your employee goes way above their call of duty, make sure they see that you see that and try encouraging that with a type of gift or bonus. Good leaders are generous in this situation.
Set missions and goals for everyone in your company. Everyone loves to have goals, and leaders are able to set goals for people. Do not just set them and forget about it. Hold each person on your team accountable for his progress toward the goals and check in on them every month.
One thing that can help you to be an effective leader is to start learning how to listen to the people that you lead. They can take your goals and ideas and take them in new directions that you would not have conceived yourself. When you have your say, always leave time to listen to your workers.
Leaders musts have the ability to distinguish between ideas and reality. These two things can really affect each other. If something is bugging you, get it off your mind. Write things down so you will not let it interfere with your current task.
Effective leaders solicit and listen to feedback from their employees. Your team may have great ideas that can help the company. You can ask for an opinion on an idea you have as well. This will show your employees that you trust them.
Work on improving your decisiveness. The best leaders are confident in making decisions. It's important to take risks. If you strive to use your inner feelings and your intuition to make quick decisions, you will become a leader others will look up to. Don't second-guess yourself. If you make a decision that doesn't pan out, change course immediately and learn from your mistake.
If you're going to be a leader, you may as well be the best you can be. You have to understand what it takes to succeed, as well as what to avoid. A commitment to doing the right thing while continuing your learning will make the difference for you. The choice is yours, so you need to make good decisions.