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According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), over 4.5 million people are bitten by dogs each year in the U.S. Almost one in five of those who are bitten (a total of 885,000) require medical attention for dog bite-related injuries.
Dog attacks represent some of the most gruesome and upsetting personal injuries, particularly when suffered by helpless parties such as children or the elderly. Dog bite victims are often left with lasting physical damages as well as emotional pain and fear. In all dog bite injury cases, it is imperative to identify the attacking dog and ascertain the name of the dog's owner; collect names, addresses, and telephone numbers of any witnesses to the incident; and take photos of the scene of the attack and your injuries.
The dog bite injury attorneys at Marc. J Shuman & Associates, LTD in Chicago, IL serve the Greater Chicagoland Area and can send an investigator to the scene of the attack, as well as ensure your doctor preserves all evidence of your injuries.
Depending on the specific circumstances of the situation, different types of injuries can result from a dog bite. Common dog bite injuries include:
Lacerations and puncture wounds are often the most severe injuries, as they can cause disfigurement and introduce infections. The risk of infection can be especially dangerous for people with weakened or compromised immune systems. Unvaccinated dogs pose an even greater risk for victims of dog bites.
While most dogs are sweet and lovable, there are certain instances in which an attack can occur, and the types of personal injuries that can occur can be quite extensive. If you, or someone you know, have been bitten by a dog, there is certain information that you should collect in order to help your case. Do your best to find out the name of the owner of the dog and, if there were other witnesses, make sure to get their contact information as well. Take pictures of any of your injuries, as well as where the attack occurred.
Even if the bite seems to be a minor one, it is always a good idea to consult a medical provider to make sure your injury is cared for in the best manner. If you have issues with the dog's owner, or if you would prefer to have a third party involved, you may want to consider contacting an attorney.
More than half of the states in the U.S. have dog bite liability laws that place the responsibility for dog bites/attacks on dog owners, whether or not the owner had reason to believe their dog was dangerous. Many of these state laws cover not just dog bites, but all dog-inflicted injuries (such as an injury resulting from being knocked to the ground by a dog).
The idea behind the laws is that an owner should be responsible for his or her dog, period. These laws do have some requirements, however. The victims must prove:
The victim must also prove that the person being sued is, in fact, the owner of the dog. An attorney can help you understand whether a state law applies in your case.
To ensure that you get the best representation possible, you should retain a legal practice that has experience with personal injury claims involving dog bites. Although you may have obtained information about the attack, your dog bite lawyer may also send an investigator to further look into the incident. This helps keep your direct involvement to a minimum while finding out everything that is necessary to build a case against the at-fault party.
A dog bite lawyer will also make sure that documentation of your injuries is sound and will enlist the help of medical expertise to help your claim.
Dog bite statistics paint a frightening picture. More than 4.5 million people in the United States suffer a dog bite every year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In roughly 20 percent of those cases, the victim will need medical attention. In many of those cases, an attorney can litigate on behalf of the victim to secure compensation for damages such as medical expenses and pain and suffering.
People should practice safe behavior around dogs of any breed. Should a bite occur, it is important to get in touch with an expert dog bite lawyer in as soon as possible. A dog bite attorney can help a victim by gathering all the necessary information and interviewing witnesses, as well as taking pictures of the injuries and the scene of the attack. Last, an attorney can pursue a lawsuit for damages to cover the cost of necessary medical treatment.
Since 1996, the Law Offices of Marc J. Shuman & Associates have been helping dog bite victims, including all injured victims and their families, navigate the complex legal process. As experienced personal injury, worker's compensation, and wrongful death attorneys, we can help you evaluate the facts, assess your options, navigate the legal challenges, and advocate on your behalf.
The law office of Marc J. Shuman & Associates has over 77 combined years of experience advocating for over 10,000 injury victims and their families, recovering over 50 million dollars on their behalf. We advocate on your behalf so you can focus on the task of recovery.
Court Affirms $10.3 Million Jury Verdict in Case of Malfunctioning Elevator


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subset: commoncrawl


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ERA Turntable Belt Change
Maintenance Guide
instructions - oztayls
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If you have additional documentation please consider donating a copy to our free archive.
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ERA Turntable Belt Change owners manual, service manuals and schematics are for reference only and the Vinyl Engine bears no responsibility for errors or other inaccuracies. The PDF files are provided under strict licence. Reproduction without prior permission or for financial gain is strictly prohibited. This website is not affiliated with or sponsored by ERA.


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Following is a Chinese version of a previously published blog: 2014年11月20日,奥巴马总统发表了社会各界期待已久的移民改革"行政决定"。事项总汇 我们也会持续更新有关信息。奥巴马总统在去年已经表示此行政决定将延迟到中期选举之后。尽管参众两院的共和党领袖对此举措表示强烈反对,并声称奥巴马总统的行为滥用权力且无法律依据,但是,总统行政决定中的计划将通过政策规定的更新、改变和调整而立即实施。决定反对者已经表示将通过诉诸法律程序,削减经费来源以及其他政治途径来阻止决定的执行。我们会继续跟进相关发展和变化。
Monthly Archives: November 2014
President's Executive Action on Immigration – Content and Preliminary Analysis of What it Means for Businesses and CompliancePosted in Comprehensive Immigration Reform
On November 20, 2014, President Obama released the long-anticipated "Executive Action" on immigration reform. See here, here and here. We will also post additional materials made available. Late last summer, the President had postponed the release of such action until after the mid-term elections. Despite the cries of overreaching and lack of authority by the Republican leadership in the… Continue Reading
Join Us for a Webinar – Executive Action on Immigration Reform: Now What?Posted in Uncategorized
Please join Greenberg Traurig's Business Immigration & Compliance practice for a webinar entitled Executive Action on Immigration Reform: Now What? Due to the nature of this development, GT will offer two opportunities to participate in this webinar. Friday, November 21st | 1:00 – 2:30pm ET Monday, November 24th | 1:00 – 2:30pm ET Topics include: What Executive… Continue Reading
Greenberg Traurig Attorney Presents at Columbia University on Post-Graduate Visa OptionsPosted in EB-5 Program, Immigrant Visa, Speaking Engagement
Last week, Greenberg Traurig EB-5 attorney Ali Brodie presented to students at Columbia University in New York on the topic of "Post-Graduate Immigration Options with a Focus on the USCIS EB-5 Visa Program." EB-5 team members Sylvia Sobczyk and Joanna Jiang also attended the seminar. The lecture attracted a number of foreign students interested in… Continue Reading
National Visa Center Provides Updates on Internal ProcessingPosted in Immigrant Visa
The National Visa Center (NVC), in operation now for 20 years, is the U.S. Department of State agency responsible for pre-processing approved immigrant visas that include immigration based on: family and employment sponsorship, diversity visas and special immigrant visas. This month, the NVC met with the American Immigrant Lawyer's Association and provided insight into its… Continue Reading
U.S. Immigration: Extended Visa Validity Announced for Chinese NationalsPosted in Immigrant Visa
The Department of State (DOS) announced more changes to its Reciprocity Table following updates from earlier this month and in September. Specifically, beginning November 12, 2014, Chinese nationals and their dependents will be eligible for longer visa validity periods for the following U.S. visas: B-1/B-2 (business and tourism) visas will increase from a one-year validity… Continue Reading
Greenberg Traurig's Immigration Practice Ranks Tier 1 in The U.S. News-Best Lawyers 2015 Best Law Firm RankingsPosted in General
We are pleased to announce that the Business Immigration & Compliance Practice of international law firm Greenberg Traurig, LLP earned a first-tier ranking from the U.S. News-Best Lawyers 2015 Best Law Firm rankings nationwide, as well as the Washington, D.C. and Miami metropolitan areas. The Immigration Practice has consistently been ranked in the first-tier for… Continue Reading


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Please see the draft minutes of the recent Parish Meeting.
(top left hand section of the site)
See the latest SKDC and Community Links Parish Updates in the Parish News section.
Careby, Aunby and Holywell residents:
Please would anyone with a little bit of spare time and would enjoy becoming more involved in our community contact the Chairman Clive Disdale on firstname.lastname@example.com; or Dick Turpin on email@example.com,
Careby with Aunby and Holywell is a rural parish of about 150 people, with around 60 households, living in the three hamlets in the beautiful South Lincolnshire countryside about 6 miles north of the market town of Stamford.
The parish has existed for hundreds of years as a farming community and its properties are largely built from locally quarried limestone.
It is believed that Careby was given its name by the Danes who had a settlement alongside the River Glen 1000 years ago.
It is a parish of valleys, rivers and woodland and is divided by the East Coast mainline railway linking London to Edinburgh and the north-east of England.
It has a lovely old church, St Stephens, that dates back to the 13th century, and a pub, the Willoughby Arms, which was built in 1853 as booking office and waiting room for the private railway which in those days was owned by Lord Willoughby of Grimsthorpe.
Neighbourhood watch
Please check out the latest information from the Police or from within our neighbourhood.
The Parish 5 year Plan is now completed.
Parish History Latest
Order your copy now as it's just been published. Please contact Barbara. www.barbaracoopercareby.co.uk
Read about the Parish in Wikipedia
Community Links Website - Lincolnshire
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Weekend Sip: Brooklyn-Distilled Bourbon Whiskey
In honor of the Belmont Stakes, we sample a bourbon whiskey distilled in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. WSJ's Charles Passy and Pia Catton join the News Hub. Photo: Widow Jane
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... the the ... just a few weeks ago when ... the Preakness Stakes the second leg of horse racing's Triple Crown with a Maryland may lie ... in all of the offense looked calm ... Sonata which defeats in York's Belmont Stakes the third and final leg it only makes sense to go with the ball whiskey from the Empire State's ... or better yet a ball whiskey from Brooklyn ... cycle we can set tells Passi House the blues ... and pick at my house to the US to ... take an Isabel's the racing reported there was stuff ... that combined with with this is been testing the kicker Kate gets together ... shells of what you when you go ahead ... it's called the widow Jane Cibelli's target ... of three of the suburban made in Brooklyn a lot of people do not realize that ... Darden doesn't have to be made in Kentucky the key thing about bourbon is it has to be made with predominantly Cory ... but to be made anywhere ... new York has become sort of this hotbed of what's called craft distilling of Brooklyn specifically has become a super hotbed of that ... had gathered making bourbon in Brooklyn ... this is the this is just a blip business or some special New York state court was told while Cibelli corn ... pad IV they put in their bourbon at the very interesting a bit pricey drink but a very interesting drink often and not some but it might taste this one the to explain why would having these needs and not with the lights well yes ... I've tried it both ways I mean you know this is not a this in ninety ninety proof so it's it's got a kick but it's not super alcoholic I didn't think it needed to be watered down ... and actually bought the ice cool than a little too much on the top half of this was this was one that that there's a very nice honest corn flavor that comes through I felt that the that the ice with would hurt that the that was my take ... I ... like that I it's the cord ... you totally bugis to lead your life if this is something I didn't read the ... pressure that no one that we had the last hope it is a little bit more about Pudge than you know ... with this this UPS amenable to the label of this ... which we did see the huge wooden window Jang now what's what's the what's the family ... that really is quite special for for for live ... whose price is right ... yet mean what what were talkin bout the key the key thing here is that they're using ... a specialty court I mean ... you know for all the talk about all these great burdens that are coming out most of them made with pretty standard yellow ... corn that we see that basically the corn that you might find ... on your local supermarket ... these guys went out and got a very different court ... it's got a little bit of sweetness but I find that this doesn't have an aggressive sweetness and has ... a much car that I just call them honest corn flavor that comes through on and it's because of the bridal ugly ... out there you'll be watching me about science because you do question what ahead and win shoppers MUB drinking something like this is the story of all that you'll you'll you'll back saying that he can and pray that might be banking on it today you as a handicap may be a will and for my so it's ... good that we are having a lot of debate over that now waiting to have some water to be interesting and you've written a column also on on pricing which is why now why we're winning this isn't good enough sometimes the thought of the the the the sense that the package it for his stud fees so surprised the crowd ... could win but with the not much of a winner in the hands ... of the


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Welcome Poetry Friday friends! We're expecting snow all up and down the East Coast, so I am sharing a poem about peaceful snowfall…the kind one wants to have on a January weekend. Fingers crossed!
Snow Fall
With no wind blowing
It sifts gently down,
Enclosing my world in
A cool white down,
A tenderness of snowing.
It falls and falls like sleep
Till wakeful eyes can close
On all the waste and loss
As peace comes in and flows,
Snow-dreaming what I keep.
Silence assumes the air
And the five senses all
Are wafted on the fall
To somewhere magical
Beyond hope and despair.
There is nothing to do
But drift now, more or less
On some great lovingness,
On something that does bless,
The silent, tender snow.
Here's the link up…stay warm, Poetry Friday friends!


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Why Christians Should Not Use Private Foundations
I've seen it many times. A Christian family decides they want to formalize their giving. They go get advice from their lawyers and accountants who often are not Christians. Those advisors have the frame of reference of starting a private foundation, so off they go.
The first few years may be bumpy as they learn the ropes of minimum distributions, excise taxes, the types of organizations they can support, and of course, the importance of the tax return. But the problem they miss, and their advisors miss, is what happens when the founders pass away.
When the founders pass away, the foundation typically will have a set of bylaws allowing for the appointment of new board members. New board members are appointed, who realize that they are sitting on top of treasure. In other words, they have the opportunity to support organizations. The first generation is often kind to the wishes of the founders and tends to support generally the same organizations.
However, as more board members get added, and as more generations intervene, the wishes of the founders get muted. Everyone tends to forget why the founders supported a particular organization. Accordingly, the wishes and desires of the foundation fall away, and the foundation often morphs into something other than Christian.
Certainly, some wise founders associated with Christian council may wisely put in enough road blocks and provisions in the bylaws to keep the foundation Christian. But few do. If they make these protections, then it can be an appropriate vehicle.
One of the best solutions can be to use a Christian community foundation. A donor-advised fund can be set up; this operates much like a private foundation. The tax benefits are higher, and the administration is simpler. But one of the key safeguards is that, because the foundation is organized as Christian, it cannot distribute to anti-Christian organizations. To do so would put its own tax-exempt status in jeopardy.
Thus, a Christian family engaged in family giving can rest assured that, no matter what beliefs subsequent generations adopt, their original purpose of Christian giving will remain. I find it interesting that, of the 100,000 private foundations in the country, only 4500 are Christian foundations which take applications. It causes one to wonder how the remaining 95,000 started out and then where they ended up.
Share this Post
Published February 9, 2011
Topics: Giving Strategies


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Born to Run: the third album by the American singer-songwriter Bruce Springsteen. It was released on August 25, 1975.
I discovered the first album I would fall in love with on the shelves of my dad's "library," an 80s version of a man-cave complete with a heavy wooden desk, comfy brown striped couch, peach colored walls and state-of-the-art stereo equipment. We were allowed in there with permission only.
Except when no one was home.
When my mom went back to school and then work, my younger sister would go to the neighbor's house and I'd find myself home alone in the afternoons. By then I was 13 and deep in the throes of my I-want-to-be-alone phase so it was perfect. I'd open the door to the library, feeling very sneaky, and thumb through my dad's books and then the albums.
I rocked out to Fleetwood Mac's Rumors, the Eagles' The Long Run and anything by the Beatles, but when I discovered Bruce Springsteen & the E Street Band's Born to Run my life changed. I loved the black and white album cover and the way Bruce is leaning against Clarence and the ripped tank top underneath the badass leather jacket. Then there's that Italian horn amulet necklace.
Every song on that album seared my heart. I memorized every dip and breath and note in all eight of them. I'd lose myself in the music and the story, singing along, tracing the lyrics with my finger. I couldn't get enough.
I was a middle-class, junior high school Jewish girl living in the New York suburbs. I collected Mrs. Grossman's stickers from smelly to fuzzy. I wrote fan mail to Rick Springfield. I wore baseball shirts sporting iron-on rainbows and plum colored Pumas. What did I know about blue-collar life or wild love or late-night rendezvous gone wrong?
Not much, not yet. But boy did I want to. I yearned to die in an everlasting kiss, to find redemption beneath a dirty hood, take a stab at romance. I wanted to sneak out to the Exxon sign. I wanted to tie faith between my teeth. I wanted to be The One. I felt as though Bruce was telling the story of my life, what it could be, busting at the seams, thick with emotion and grit, motorcycles revving, screen doors slamming. As much as I fell in love with the music, I fell in love with the album's epic story of love in all its glory and recklessness, beauty and danger, holiness and simplicity, faith and desperation.
The first time I saw Bruce in concert was a year a half ago. I was 43 and he was 63. I don't know why I waited so long. His shows are legendary. He never disappoints. What kept me back? I stood up and sang, yelled really, the entire three hours with my husband right in there next to me. It was the best concert I've ever been to – I know it – and a personal ninth track in the rock-n-roll love story that Born to Run keeps alive in me.
I'm participating in the 2014 A to Z Challenge during the month of April using the very broad theme of LOVE to carry me through the alphabet. Check out writing by other bloggers taking on the #atozchallenge at @AprilA2Z.


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When you're a gifted visual artist, the biggest challenge isn't always creating visually compelling pieces – it's finding the best way to showcase your talents. Robert Young, owner of Robert George Young Photography, uses FotoMagico to show his photography and retouching talents.
The software gives Bob a dynamic and captivating way to show off his retouching skills. "FotoMagico has all the features I need with a very intuitive graphic interface," says Bob.
Additionally, FotoMagico gives Bob the flexibility to create videos of still photos for friends and family, which he calls, "This is Your Life." "The 'This is Your Life' videos have generally been made for friends and family celebrating birthdays and other types of anniversaries," Bob explains. "I use FotoMagico to create a video of still photos, video clips and music that documents the life or lives of the person or people being honored."
Check out Bob's fantastic retouching work above!


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Suggested Colors: Orange, Blue, Yellow
Flash Point: >200°F
Soap Safe: Yes
Gel Wax Safe: Yes
Phthalate Free: Yes
Vanillin Content: 1.9%
Ethyl Vanillin Content: 0.03%
Just like the popular Bath and Body Works* fragrance! Top notes of sugared agave, golden papaya, pineberry, bergamot zest, and pomegranate with mid-notes of strawberry blossoms, jasmine, freesia, and violet on a dry base of dulce de leche, exotic musk, coconut sands, and caramel woods.
25lb pails may need a 1 -2 week lead time based on availability.
IFRA Maximum Usage Level:
Lip Products: NOT Allowed
Creams, Lotions, Oils (except baby products): 100%
Soap (Liquid & Bar): 100%
Candles, Room Fragrance Products: 100%
(See IFRA Certificate on Technical Information tab for more details)
*This fragrance oil attempts to imitate the fragrance sold by Bath and Body Works. Although remarkably similar to the original name brand version, it is not identical. Lone Star Candle Supply, Inc. is not affiliated in any way with Bath and Body Works. We do not sell, nor have we ever sold, any merchandise produced by Bath and Body Works, and none of our products are sponsored, licensed, or endorsed by Bath and Body Works. All trademarked names and service marks remain the exclusive property of their respective owners.


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I am interested in names of companies who are working in washroom and dust-control services. I prefer to have names of companies which are working on national or local base.
Is there anyone who can help me with this information?
thanks in advance
looking for names of companies working in facility services
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Kansas Water Science Center
Charles A. Perry
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas USA
Changes in total solar irradiance can be linked to changes in regional precipitation. A possible mechanism responsible for this linkage begins with the
absorption of varying amounts of solar energy by the tropical oceans which creates ocean temperature anomalies. These anomalies are then transported by
major ocean currents to locations where the stored energy is released into the atmosphere, altering atmospheric pressure and moisture patterns that can
ultimately affect regional precipitation.
Correlation coefficients between annual differences in empirically modeled solar-irradiance variations and annual state-divisional precipitation in the
United States for the period 1950-88 were computed with lag times of 0 to 7 years. The most significant correlations occur in the Pacific Northwest with a
lag time of 4 years, which is approximately equal to the travel time of water within the Pacific Gyre from the western tropical Pacific Ocean to the Gulf
of Alaska. Precipitation in the Desert Southwest correlates significantly with solar irradiance lagged 3 and 5 years, which suggests a link with
ocean-water temperature anomalies transported by the Equatorial Countercurrent as well as the North Pacific Gyre. With the correlations obtained, droughts
coincide with periods of negative irradiance differences (dry high-pressure development), and wet periods coincidewith periods of positive differences
(moist low-pressure development).
Variations in the total solar irradiance may be responsible for short-term climatic variations. Until documentation of the long-term variation in total
solar irradiance its relationship to the solar magnetic cycle, therehave been no well-documented external-forcing process to explain climatic cycles that
are in the range of 1 to 10 years. Earth-satellite measurements since 1978 have revealed that total solar irradiance has an average variation of at least
0.1% over the 11-year period of a sunspot cycle (Willson and Hudson, 1988). However, monthly and single year variations can approach the magnitude of the
long-term trend. The 10.7-cm solar flux is a proxy for the bright faculae regions. These regions contribute to total irradiance by increasing total
radiative output. The 10.7-cm flux has been measured on Earth since 1947, and it too shows a pattern that corresponds with sunspot patterns (Lean and
Foukal, 1988). Sunspots contribute to the total irradiance, but by decreasing the radiative output. During periods of high sunspot number, however, there
are a proportionally greater number of bright faculae regions which have a net effect of increasing total irradiance. Estimates of total solar-irradiance
variations between 1874 and 1988 are available, based on an empirical model using past solar activity (Foukal and Lean, 1990). Solar irradiance may play
an important role in the global climatic system, but the variations are small, and their effect must be amplified to cause significant climatic
One possible medium of amplification could be through the World's oceans. Variations in the temperature of the ocean water, specifically the
sea-surface temperature (SST) have been linked to atmospheric-pressure anomalies (Wallace et al., 1990). There are indications that anomalously cool SST
in the eastern Pacific were responsible for the severe 1988 North American drought (Palmer and Brankovic, 1989). Ocean currents serve as the major
conveyors of energy from the tropics toward the poles. It is possible, therefore, that these currents could transport anomalously warm or cool pools of
water to latitudes where they could alter atmospheric pressure and moisture patterns that may affect regional precipitation. As these pools of water move
around the ocean gyres a succession of climatic patterns may ensue at any one location and a regional pattern may be seen on a global scale. Langbein and
Slack (1982) identified national and regional patterns in runoff and frequency of dry years in the United States and noted that wet and dry patterns
migrated from west to east across the continent in a time frame of about 5 years.
Short-term regional climatic variations in the United States may be affected by ocean temperature patterns which could be, in part, a result of
solar-irradiance variations. Temperature patterns in the Pacific Ocean should have the greatest effect on weather in the Western United States. The
response time of the climatic variable, precipitation, is shown to be commensurate with the time of travel of water within the Pacific Ocean Gyre.
The mechanism proposed for the coupling of solar-irradiance variations with regional climate consists of three basic components. These are: (1)
absorption of solar energy by the transparent tropical oceans in a deep surface layer, (2) transport of that energy by major ocean currents, and (3)
transfer of that energy into atmospheric moisture and low pressure systems that would be advantageous for precipitation formation (Perry, 1992). Each
individual component has inherent complexities that are difficult to separate. However, the sun's energy is the driving force for weather and climate, and
any variations in that energy have the potential to affect precipitation formation and distribution.
Although SST's show significant coupling with atmospheric parameters (Wallace et al., 1990), it is not the ocean's surface that stores the majority of
the solar energy. The visible spectrum contains about one-half of the total energy available from the Sun at the Earth's surface (Loiv, 1980), and those
wavelengths can penetrate well below the ocean's surface. Lewis et al. (1990) showed that solar radiation in visible frequencies, usually assumed to be
absorbed at the sea surface, penetrates to a significant depth below the upper mixed layer of the ocean that interacts directly with the atmosphere. Figure 1 shows the depth of extinction of the solar spectrum in
The transparency of the tropical oceans is dependent upon the amount of biogenic material, phytoplankton pigments, and the degradation products that
are present. In the Pacific Ocean, transparency increases from east to west, with greatest penetration of solar energy occurring in the western tropical
Pacific. The net radiative transport of heat downward through the base of the mixed layer (which varies from 10 m in the eastern and western Pacific to
about 60 m in the central Pacific) is approximately equivalent to the estimated climatological net surface-heat flux into the ocean over much of the
western Pacific (Lewis et al., 1990). This heat eventually returns to the ocean's surface months or years later to interact with the atmosphere as the
general circulation of the Pacific Gyre transports the water northward and eastward toward North America.
Other factors that affect absorbance of solar energy by the ocean include latitude, season, sea-surface roughness, atmospheric particulates, and cloud
conditions. All factors contribute in various degrees to the development of anomalous ocean temperatures. However, solar irradiance fluctuations may a
significant effect upon the initial formation of these ocean temperature anomalies.
The North Pacific Ocean Gyre is the largest in the World, with an outer circumference of approximately 25,000 km. It has a clockwise circulation, with
the fastest surface currents in the northwest section, just east of Japan, and the slowest currents west of Mexico. Typically ocean current velocities
range from 1 to 16 km/day (Niiler, 1986). Using an average speed of 5-8 km/day, one rotation of the gyre could take approximately 9-12 years. Time of
travel from the western tropical Pacific to near North America would take somewhat less than one-half this time (4 to 5 years) because the currents are
generally faster in the northwestern one-half of the gyre.
Two minor circulation patterns in the Pacific warrant discussion. The Equatorial Counter Current flows eastward between the westward flowing sections
of the North Pacific and South Pacific Gyres. Upon this counter current rides the infamous and elusive oceanic warming of El Nino and the oceanic cooling
of La Nina. The other minor circulation pattern is the counterclockwise flow of the Gulf of Alaska Gyre. It could be considered a large eddy of the North
Pacific Gyre. This circulation is driven by the eastward flowing North Pacific Drift Current, which splits west of British Columbia. The northward-flowing
part warms the Alaskan coast and the southward-flowing part becomes the California Current.
The Pacific Gyre and its minor circulations are the conveyors of absorbed solar energy from the central and western tropical Pacific to locations north
and east. If incoming solar energy varies on time scales of months to years, then different parts of the gyre will be warmed to different temperatures as
it rotates. During a period of diminished irradiance, a part or pool of the tropical ocean would receive less energy and be anomalously cool, whereas
increased irradiance would result in an anomalously warm pool. These pools of slightly warmer or cooler water would be drawn around the Pacific Gyre like
riders on a carousel.
Plots of annual SST anomalies in the Pacific Ocean during 1962 to 1990 show large areas of both positive and negative temperature anomalies that
persist for several years and move around the Pacific Gyre. For example, figure 2 shows the center of a very large cool SST anomaly in the
mid-Pacific in 1986 moving 20 degrees longitude (approximately 2000 km) eastward by 1987 at a rate of approximately 5.5 km/day. By 1988, this SST anomaly
was well established off the west coast of the United States and is noted as a possible cause of the severe 1988 nationwide drought (Palmer and Brankovic,
In the tropics, the net flux of energy is downward into the ocean, whereas in the higher latitudes the net flux is upward. Energy is transferred from
the ocean to the atmosphere by two processes. One is by conduction of infrared radiation to the air and the resulting convection of the warmed air just
above the surface to greater heights, and the other is by the release of water vapor. The amount of energy released by evaporation greatly exceeds that
released by conduction and convection because of the approximately 580 cal needed to convert 1 g of liquid water to vapor.
Evaporation from the surface of the ocean is a mechanism that could amplify the effect of solar-irradiance variations. The vapor pressure of water
increases by approximately 7% for each 1 ÷C of increase in water temperature between 5 and 15 ÷C. Therefore, a 1 ÷C positive anomaly in SST could
result in about a 7% increase in the amount of energy available to the atmosphere. Variations in the vapor pressure at the sea surface can significantly
alter atmospheric moisture fields, from which further amplification of solar variations can occur through dynamic atmospheric processes.
Schematic illustrations of the effects of warm and cool ocean water anomalies on the atmosphere are shown in figure 3. Warm water produces more water vapor for the atmosphere than cool water.
Water vapor is less dense than dry air, resulting in lower atmospheric pressure over warm water than over cool water. Low pressure allows convergence of
air near the surface, followed by lifting and adiabatic cooling of the air until condensation and formation of clouds, and ultimately the release of the
latent heat into the upper levels of the atmosphere. The release of the latent heat increases the buoyancy of the air and further lifting occurs. The
greater the supply of energy available at the ocean surface, the greater the probability of cloud formation, precipitation, and the injection of energy
into the upper atmosphere. Energy patterns in the upper atmosphere are responsible for the persistent upper air flow patterns that interact on a global
scale. The strength, curvature, and location of the upper level winds, which are critical factors in precipitation formation, are largely dependent upon
temperature patterns generated by the oceans and continents.
Upper air flow patterns can generate new surface or low level pressure systems. For example, an upper level low may be formed initially by a surface
low that extends upward into the atmosphere. In the middle latitudes, the predominant westerlies would advect that upper level low downstream (to the
east) away from its initial surface-energy supply. As the upper level low moves eastward, it could induce low level cyclogenesis. Energy released from the
induced low could be added to the upper level low, maintaining or even strengthening it. In the absence of available energy in the atmosphere near the
surface, the upper-level low would not be reinforced, expending its energy and dissipating.
The hypothesis that the combination of absorption of solar energy by water in the western Pacific Ocean, the transport of that energy by the currents
of the Pacific Ocean Gyre, and the modification of the atmosphere by warmer or cooler pools of water affecting precipitation distributions in North
America is tested in this paper. For increased precipitation in the western parts of the United States, the following scenario is suggested:
The irradiance of the Sun generally increases each month for a year. Water slowly moving westward along the southwestern part of the Pacific Gyre
absorbs this increasing energy and stores it at depth, increasing the temperature slightly in a large volume of water. Nearing the Asian landmass this
slightly warmer than normal volume of water turns northward. Then, irradiance of the Sun begins a year of decrease, and the water now in the
southwestern part of the Pacific Gyre receives less energy. The result is that the leading pool of water has more stored energy than the trailing pool.
As both pools travel around the gyre, the stored energy at depth begins to be expelled at the surface by evaporation. The leading pool with its greater
energy content could spawn rain showers or thunderstorms that would inject moisture into the mid-levels of the atmosphere. The trailing pool,
relinquishing less energy to the atmosphere, would be shadowed by a fairer weather pattern.
Once the leading pool enters the North Pacific Drift, at least 1 to 2 years have passed since it turned northward. Here, the energy within the warm
pool supports extratropical storms that are driven eastward by the prevailing westerlies. Still far from North America, these storms would expend their
precipitation over the open ocean but, nonetheless would affect global atmospheric flow patterns. One or 2 additional years pass, and the leading pool
of water, cooler now but still warmer than the pool following it, continues to supply energy to the atmosphere. North America is much closer now, and
the storms make landfall bringing precipitation to the northwestern part of the United States. If the pool of warmer than normal ocean water is large
enough, a part of it may be drawn into the eddy of the Gulf of Alaska Gyre, supplying energy to the Aleutian low-pressure system for an extended length
of time. If the pool is smaller, it may exhaust its surplus stored energy and lose its ability to significantly alter the atmosphere. Also, some of the
warm pool may be drawn into the California Current and continue to affect atmospheric conditions farther south and east.
The trailing pool of cooler than normal water would have a negative effect on the formation of storms. As this pool moves across the Northern
Pacific, fewer storms would be associated with it, and less precipitation would be the result. A large pool of cooler than normal water could be
incorporated into the Gulf of Alaska Gyre, and surface low-pressure formation would be suppressed for an extended period of time, bringing multi-year
droughts to North America.
The entire Pacific Gyre could be considered as a slowly rotating oblate disk, with its elements moving at various velocities, gaining or losing
energy as a function of solar irradiance, latitude, season, sky conditions, water transparency, and surface conditions. The elements of anomalously warm
or cool pools of ocean water within this disk could affect surface and upper atmospheric temperature, moisture, and wind patterns including the position
and strength of the jet stream (Maxwell, 1992) several years after their initial formation.
The irradiance of the Sun generally increases each month for a year. Water slowly moving westward along the southwestern part of the Pacific Gyre
absorbs this increasing energy and stores it at depth, increasing the temperature slightly in a large volume of water. Nearing the Asian landmass this
slightly warmer than normal volume of water turns northward. Then, irradiance of the Sun begins a year of decrease, and the water now in the
southwestern part of the Pacific Gyre receives less energy. The result is that the leading pool of water has more stored energy than the trailing pool.
As both pools travel around the gyre, the stored energy at depth begins to be expelled at the surface by evaporation. The leading pool with its greater
energy content could spawn rain showers or thunderstorms that would inject moisture into the mid-levels of the atmosphere. The trailing pool,
relinquishing less energy to the atmosphere, would be shadowed by a fairer weather pattern.
Once the leading pool enters the North Pacific Drift, at least 1 to 2 years have passed since it turned northward. Here, the energy within the warm
pool supports extratropical storms that are driven eastward by the prevailing westerlies. Still far from North America, these storms would expend their
precipitation over the open ocean but, nonetheless would affect global atmospheric flow patterns. One or 2 additional years pass, and the leading pool
of water, cooler now but still warmer than the pool following it, continues to supply energy to the atmosphere. North America is much closer now, and
the storms make landfall bringing precipitation to the northwestern part of the United States. If the pool of warmer than normal ocean water is large
enough, a part of it may be drawn into the eddy of the Gulf of Alaska Gyre, supplying energy to the Aleutian low-pressure system for an extended length
of time. If the pool is smaller, it may exhaust its surplus stored energy and lose its ability to significantly alter the atmosphere. Also, some of the
warm pool may be drawn into the California Current and continue to affect atmospheric conditions farther south and east.
The trailing pool of cooler than normal water would have a negative effect on the formation of storms. As this pool moves across the Northern
Pacific, fewer storms would be associated with it, and less precipitation would be the result. A large pool of cooler than normal water could be
incorporated into the Gulf of Alaska Gyre, and surface low-pressure formation would be suppressed for an extended period of time, bringing multi-year
droughts to North America.
The entire Pacific Gyre could be considered as a slowly rotating oblate disk, with its elements moving at various velocities, gaining or losing
energy as a function of solar irradiance, latitude, season, sky conditions, water transparency, and surface conditions. The elements of anomalously warm
or cool pools of ocean water within this disk could affect surface and upper atmospheric temperature, moisture, and wind patterns including the position
and strength of the jet stream (Maxwell, 1992) several years after their initial formation.
Data needed to test the hypothesis that solar variations affect regional climate include the independent variable, solar irradiance fluctuations, and
the dependent climatic variable precipitation. Annual regional precipitation was chosen as the unit of measure for several reasons. Annual values
eliminate the seasonal precipitation variations and provide a better time scale for global influences. Utilization of regional data reduces the
variability of point precipitation data. The use of regional data also provides the opportunity to detect regional variations of climate that may have
been forced by a single global factor, ie. solar irradiance variations.
Solar irradiance has been measured in space by sensors of the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERB) on the Nimbus-7 satellite since November of 1978
(Hickey et al., 1980). Presently (1993), these measurements account for more than 14 years of nearly continuous data. The ERB data correlate well with
data collected by the Active Cavity Radiometer (ACRIM) that flew on the Solar Maximum Mission. However, 14 years is a short time for comparison with
climatic data. Fortunately, Lean and Foukal (1988) developed an empirical model for total solar irradiance that is based on changes in excess radiation
from bright magnetic faculae and on changes in reduced radiation from dark sunspots. Using this model, estimates of bright magnetic faculae were made back
to 1954 using daily 10.7-cm flux (Lean and Foukal, 1988). Estimates of irradiance were later extended back to 1874 by Foukal and Lean (1990) using monthly
means of the sunspot number in place of the 10.7-cm flux. This later model relied on the correlation between the monthly sunspot number and monthly
10.7-cm flux between 1947 and 1988. Because the 10.7-cm flux was not measured before 1947, the 42 year period 1947-88 of monthly values of irradiance was
assumed to have the greatest reliability for the period from 1874 to 1988. Irradiance values generated by this later model are shown in figure 4a. This paper is based on the hypothesis that increases or decreases in solar irradiance have an effect on
climate. Therefore, monthly differences (Figure 4b) and the annual average of monthly differences of solar irradiance were determined (Figure 4c).
Monthly precipitation data for the United States were arranged into 344 regions according to the State divisions of climatological data (National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1989). These regions included all the states except Alaska and Hawaii. Each annual regional precipitation average
is an arithmetic mean of the precipitation for the stations within that region from January through December. The number of stations within any one
division varies from less than 5 to more than 50.
Correlation coefficients were calculated between the annual average of the monthly differences of the modeled solar-irradiance values hereafter
referred to as the annual average irradiance difference and the annual average precipitation values for each of the 344 regions for the period 1950-88.
The differences between monthly solar irradiance values were summed for the interval between January and December and divided by 12 to obtain the annual
average irradiance differences. Eight series of annual average irradiance differences, with time lags from 0 to 7 years, were correlated with
precipitation data. For example, in a 2-year lag correlation, precipitation was correlated to the annual average irradiance difference that occurred 2
years previous. Correlation coefficients for each lag time were mapped for the 48 contiguous States. Correlation coefficients for each of the 344 regions
for all lag times are shown in Figures ( 5ab, 5cd, 5ef, 5gh). Correlation coefficients are plotted at the centroid
of each region; correlation coefficients between 0.20 and -0.20 were not contoured.
Correlation coefficients (R) for the eight lag times and the 344 regions ranged between -0.51 and +0.65. To be significant at the 1 per cent
level, R must be less than -0.37 or greater than 0.37. The highest correlation coefficient (R = 0.65) was obtained in the Pacific Northwest
when the annual average irradiance differences were lagged 4 years. At this time lag, droughts coincided with periods of lower irradiance averages
(decreased energy availability), and greater than average precipitation coincided with periods of higher irradiance averages (increased energy
availability). Examples of the correlation between annual average irradiance differences lagged 4 years and precipitation averages for two regions are
shown in Figure 6. A region of abundant precipitation (the 39-year average is approximately 200 cm) is shown in Figure 6a, using data from Oregon's coastal region 1. A region of meager precipitation (the 39-year average is
approximately 44 cm) is shown in Figure 6b using data from southeastern Washington region 10, the Palouse Blue Mountain
area. Correlation coefficients of R > 0.60 were obtained in five other regions in Oregon, eastern Washington, and western Idaho. Coefficients of
R > 0.50 were obtained for surrounding regions, including a large region in northern California ( Figure 5ef). Positive correlations coefficients of R > 0.50 also were obtained for the southeastern part of the
United States and along the eastern seaboard for the 4-year lag time. This could be a reflection of a long-wave, trough-ridge-trough pattern as forced by
Pacific Ocean temperatures. Weak negative correlation coefficients occur in Texas, New Mexico, eastern Montana, northeastern Wyoming and western North and
South Dakota, midway between the areas of positive correlations, supporting the trough-ridge-trough condition.
The strongest positive correlations were obtained with the 4-year lag time but significant correlations exist at other lag times suggesting the
influence of other oceanic areas. Significant positive correlation coefficients exist for regions in California for a lag time of 3 years. The 3-year lag
positive correlation could be caused by temperature anomalies in water arriving west of Baja California after traveling from the western and central
tropical Pacific Ocean along the Equatorial Counter Current. Significant positive correlations coefficients are obtained from Texas to Nebraska with a
2-year lag, indicating the possibility of ocean-temperature anomalies in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico affecting precipitation in the plains
Lag times of 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7 years showed virtually no positive correlation coefficients in the Pacific Northwest. However, for a 0-year lag
time, the Pacific Northwest and the central United States had significant negative correlations R less than -0.37 indicating an inverse relation
between annual average irradiance differences and regional precipitation. Coefficents less than -0.37 were obtained for regions in Washington, Idaho,
Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, and Vermont. Nearly all of the other regions in the United States had weak negative correlations for the
0-year lag time. The negative correlations could be an indication of an inverse relation between irradiance and relative humidity. For example, increased
irradiance over a continental landmass would immediately raise air temperatures. With no large source of water at the surface to evaporate, relative
humidities would decrease, hampering precipitation formation and encouraging drier conditions. At a lag of 1 year, negative correlation coefficients less
than R = -0.37 move eastward, appearing in Nebraska, South Dakota, Iowa, and New Hampshire.
A possible cause of the persistent drought in the west coast States from 1984 through 1991 may be the a period of persistent negative solar-irradiance
differences that occurred from 1980 through 1987 (Figure 6). This period appears to be the longest within the last 42 years of modeled irradiance and may have helped create the very
large areas of negative SST anomalies observed in the North Pacific from 1984-90. Significant increases in solar irradiance that occurred in 1988 may have
induced the greater than average precipitation in these same west coast States four years later during the winter of 1992-93.
The patterns seen in the correlation coefficient maps for the various lag times could be a result of persistent upper level pressure systems and low
level moisture patterns caused by persistent ocean-temperature anomalies moving around the Pacific Gyre. These ocean temperature anomalies may be created
by solar-irradiance variations. The Pacific Ocean temperature anomalies probably have an effect on precipitation patterns across the entire North American
continent but are most evident in the Pacific Northwest. Ocean temperature anomalies in the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and the Atlantic Ocean probably
have an increasing influence in the eastern parts of the continent.
Solar-irradiance variations correlate with precipitation in the Pacific Northwest and other areas in the United States, but are there other locations
or phenomena that show a link to irradiance variations? One such phenomenon may be the El Nino. The 1982-83 El Nino, which had by far the most intense
warming of the SST since 1950 at Puerto Chicama, Peru (Enfield 1988), occurred 3 years after the largest total increase in solar irradiance during the
same time period. The Equatorial Counter Current could have transported a very warm pool of water from the west-central Pacific to the eastern Pacific
during that 3-year interval. The El Nino of 1986-87 may have been weakened substantially by the negative solar irradiance differences of 1983-84 (Figure 4c). This relation between solar-irradiance and El Nino strength
may help explain the persistence of the 1991 through 1993 El Nino which followed solar irradiance increases during 1988 to 1990.
Annual precipitation data for the 344 state-divisional regions in the United States were correlated with solar-irradiance data lagged 0 through 7
years. Annual averages of monthly differences of empirically modeled solar-irradiance values show significant correlations with annual regional
precipitation at certain lag times. Periods of increased annual average irradiance differences correspond to periods of increased precipitation, whereas
periods of decreased averages correspond to decreased precipitation in the Pacific Northwest, when irradiance is lagged 4 years. Travel time for water
moving from the warm western tropical Pacific Ocean to the Gulf of Alaska within the Pacific Gyre also is approximately 4 years, further evidence for an
oceanic transfer mechanism.
These significant correlations may be due to a solar-climate mechanism which involves a combination of the processes of absorption, transport and
transfer of varying amounts of energy from the Sun to the oceans, and back to the atmosphere. Large quantities of energy in the visible spectrum can be
injected into ocean below the mixing layer. This energy then is transported by major ocean currents to locations where the energy flux becomes upward into
the atmosphere. The effects of solar-irradiance variations may be amplified by the 7% increase in the vapor pressure of water for every 1 ÷C increase in
ocean temperature. The energy is transferred to the atmosphere and becomes available for the formation of storms that produce precipitation.
The persistent drought in the western States from 1985-91 may be related to a period of decreasing solar irradiance that occurred between 1981-87.
Relatively large increases in solar irradiance difference that occurred from 1988 to 1990 may have helped break that drought four years later during the
winter of 1992-93 when greater than average precipitation fell.
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Bigfoot West
Let me go off-the-cuff for a minute. I love Los Angeles. There is something different to do every day of the week in this city and if you really wanted to, you could go without having to repeat yourself for a few years. You realize these things when you go out of town, y'see. This weekend I'll be in Vegas for some bachelorette action. (See? I have my own "B.")Â I'm cold to lukewarm on the desert (my last visit was to canvas for Obama – that is, in Henderson) yet determined to keep an open mind – especially since I know a couple or so locals. But if I were still in L.A., I know in a heartbeat where I'd be this weekend. So indulge me while I paint the scenarios:
$3 bubbly at Barbrix
We all have that girlfriend who drinks bubbly all the time. And it's my duty to try and keep up. Barbrix, in celebration of their recent review in L.A. Magazine, will be offering $3 glasses of prosecco from 6:30 – 7:30 PM. Hang out with or pretend you're a Silver Lake local at the local wine bar … hangin' out. I hear the place has been packed since its opening in May – maybe it's the buzz wine bar for now, or maybe they're "for serious." After all, the bio in their Twitter account says, "White Zinfandel…NOT!" Sike! Zort! Narf!
2442 Hyperion Ave.
Los Angeles, CA 90027
Saturdays off the 405 at The Getty featuring Cut Chemist
Seems as if The Getty realized that people are trying to get home for a reason on Fridays and revised their summer weekly to Saturdays. So whether you're avoiding the freeway or not, this Saturday, We Are The World opens for Cut Chemist. Parking is free if you arrive after 5 PM. The former Jurassic 5 and Ozomatli turntablist rarely disappoints and always innovates so be ready to hear him drop some serious beats. The Getty is an architectural wonder in and of itself so I can imagine this will be quite the setting to experience his mad skillz. Probably the only thing that could top this would be seeing he and DJ Shadow spin from personal-sized tape mixers hanging from their necks at The Hollywood Bowl (yeah, I've done that).
Admission & parking are free
The Getty
1200 Getty Center
Los Angeles, CA 90049
Hollywood Outdoor Cinema featuring The Big Lebowski
Someone said, "What? A cemetery in Hollywood screens movies?!" and decided to best that with screenings at a shut-down Circuit City. I'm willing to give it a try – just not this weekend. But if watching a drunk Dude debate a Polish Catholic on his Judaism in an open air "theatre" fits your fancy, join Hollywood Outdoor Cinema for their opener screening. They're giving away an Xbox 360 every week to the best costume – so be sure to Lebowski it up! (Pretty In Pink, on the other hand, is one I won't miss!)
Psst…if you RSVP through Yelp (make sure you have a Yelp profile) you can also get in for free. Yelp Elit[e/ists] can enjoy a special pre-party from 5-7 PM with a photo booth and food. For the movie, everyone should come prepared with blankets, short chairs, food and booze for your own enjoyment.
Doors open at 7:30; Movie at 9 PM
Donation: $10
[Circuit City]
4400 W Sunset Blvd
Los Angeles, CA 90027
L.A. Beerfloat Showdown by FoodGPS
Haven't had a beer float yet? This is a great place to start. Dueling for the best beer float in Los Angeles is The Golden State with Scoops Ice Cream vs. Bottlerock LA and Milk. Every attendee is a judge with 2 votes for their favorite floats from each competitor, which means 4 votes total. With the 8 oz. beer floats running $7-8 at the restaurants and early RSVP being $23 – it's worth it to decide you'll go in advance. Proceeds also benefit 826LA Writing Project so there's no reason to miss out.
$23 with RSVP (joshua [at] foodgps [dot] com); $28 at the event
Blue Palms Brewhouse
6124 Hollywood Blvd
Los Angeles CA 90028
Opening Weekend
Bigfoot Lodge West
That is, west as of totally west of Atwater Village – home of the first L.A. Bigfoot Lodge. Even though I'm over in those parts way more often, I found out last friday at their VIP opening that Bigfoot West provides plenty of reasons to hang out on the westside. Decidedly a whiskey bar with a great list and taxidermy for that cabin feel to boot, the atmosphere of Bigfoot West was a charm. Thanks to the hospitality of owner Bobby Green, I had a comp'ed Four Roses Single Barrel Bourbon – on the rocks just for posterity and was pleased to sit at the bar while absorbing the campy feel. It would be a sin to omit that the woodwork inside the place was absolutely perfect with no corners cut on any detail, from the tight seams in the bar made from recycled wood and all-out taxidermic murals of wildlife making impressive finishing touches. I can get behind this scene.
This bar just opened to the public on Wednesday, so it'll be interesting to check it out during its opening weekend.
More pics of Bigfoot Lodge West on Flickr
Bigfoot Lodge West
10939 Venice Blvd.
Los Angeles, CA 90035
It's a wonder I'm apprehensive about leaving the city. But change is good, right? Good for character. All right, everyone – have a great weekend. 🙂


text:
Psychedelics & The Shadow
- Wed 30th Jan 2019, 7pm – 9pm
- The Psychedelic Society, 8 Mackintosh Lane, London, UK
- Facebook event
Psychedelics & the Shadow is a workshop designed to gently introduce us to our shadow - the repressed and sometimes challenging aspects of self, that are so often rejected in society and can cause us to feel overwhelmed, shamed or out of control when they do manifest. This can often happen in psychedelic experiences and can cause us to become more fearful of journeying into these hidden aspects of self. This workshop is for anyone wanting to explore their shadow in a safe container, understand the hidden needs of the shadow and find tools to have a functional relationship with their exiled psyche.
Over the course of two hours we will have space for solo exercises as well as partner work and group work, drawing on tools used in Emotional Freedom Techniques and Neuro Linguistic Programming for navigating a safe and revealing passage into our inner world.
Facilitator Dominique Antonina is a qualified practitioner in Emotional Freedom Techniques, Neuro Linguistic Programming, Reiki and coaching. You can read information on techniques and testimonials at www.dominiqueantonina.com
Space is limited and this workshop sells out early, so please book in advance.
Bought a ticket, but now can't make it?
List your ticket on Ticketswap


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These chords are movable chord forms based on core 4-part seventh chords and triads with duplicated and/or omitted notes.
The first four seventh chords on the chart are the four seventh chords that are used to build ALL - yes all of your 4-part contemporary chords, commonly called jazz chords
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Core Chords - The Big Six - Building a Solid Chord Foundation
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You or someone you know a pet lover? Check out this silly little giveaway here.
29 April, 2008
Pet Lover Giveaway.
Labels: giveaway
1 comment:
- They call me Annie said...
You are so good to me. How'd I get so lucky?
- April 29, 2008 at 11:12 AM
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Continuity mistake: In the episode 'The 525 CrackerVac' the vacuum cleaner malfunctions (as usual) and Gromit challenges the device like in a duel. The scenery changes to orange like in a sunset and Gromit stands with his back towards the window. On the window sill you can see a cactus. Wallace is in the room near the door. The vacuum cleaner explodes and covers Wallace in ashes/dust. Wallace suddenly has the cactus on his head (also covered in ashes) and judging by the fact that there is a clean area behind Wallace on the wallpaper in the shape of Wallace with a cactus on his head he must have had the cactus on his head before the explosion, but we know he hadn't as the cactus was standing behind Gromit and Gromit stays clean after the explosion, so the cactus couldn't have moved. How did the cactus end up on Wallace's head?
Factual error: In "The Bully Proof Vest" Gromit is punched through a door, leaving a perfect shape of him as a hole in the wood, including both ears. Gromit is wearing a hat which keeps his ears hidden both before and after the punch. (00:01:19)
Continuity mistake: When Gromit gets punched in the face on "The Bully Proof Vest" short, his black eye is on the opposite side of which he got punched.


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Over the years that I have worked in marketing communications, my eye has been drawn to posters, letters, really any type of communications material that crosses my path, be it on the bus, on the TV or in the mail I receive at home. The tendency to scrutinize and evaluate what I see has become natural for me. I've seen examples of successes and of misguided attempts resulting in failure. I've been asked advice on how to best word something to how to engage a particular audience to how to create a magazine. The scenario may change, but the best approach boils down to one philosophy: keeping it simple.
The more straightforward your message, the better chance at being understood and engaging your audience. This sometimes means modifying and eliminating words, organizing a layout in a particular way or refocussing the message itself.
Regardless, the exercise of keeping a communications message simple is a challenge. The very process of creating a message or markcomm product (like a newsletter, magazine, website, etc.) involves many puzzle pieces - images, text, font, layout, content, etc. Marketing communications is an exercise of balancing these areas, which really are their own disciplines - writing, graphic design, printing, etc.. Creating great marketing communications products means finding ways to work with the people who are masters of these domains, while staying on time, within budget and on target with your message.
In spite of immense challenge the coordination of all these elements presents, this line of work also brings many rewards. It requires constant re-evaluation and ongoing learning and encourages thoughtful discussions. The focus of this blog is to discuss ways to keep things simple. I'll contemplate topics as they arise and ones that have come up so often, I could write a book about them. I hope that it will be engaging, insightful and most importantly, help anyone who is tasked with creating marketing communications products.


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Siemens announced it will become a process automation partner to global pharmaceutical and healthcare company GlaxoSmithKline.
Siemens and GlaxoSmithKline have entered a global strategic partnership in which Siemens will assist GSK in manufacturing automation and serve as the preferred automation supplier for GSK production and R&D sites worldwide, including Vaccines.
According to a Siemens press release, this new agreement further develops the longstanding successful relationship between both companies and helps GSK to refresh their global automation strategy.
Dave Tudor, Vice President Primary Supply and leader of the Global Automation Steering Team of GSK, said: "I am delighted we have reached agreement to make Siemens a strategic partner. One of our objectives is to simplify and standardize the automation space by identifying a small number of systems and suppliers and this is the first step on our journey to achieving this. This will create a real win-win situation, not just for today, but for the long term, for GSK, Siemens and most importantly our patients."
Eckard Eberle, CEO of the Siemens Business Unit Process Automation, added: "Integrated automation and digitalization solutions are important levers for pharmaceutical companies to raise efficiency and productivity whilst ensuring safety and quality. As a reliable partner we will support GSK on this way by providing a unique integrated portfolio comprising hardware, software and services across the entire plant life cycle."
The partnership will provide a focus into process control, equipment control and building management systems within the manufacturing and R&D pilot plants of GlaxoSmithKline. Four main areas have been identified: Modular Manufacturing, Batch Sterile Facility Blue Print, Machine and Production Line Optimization and Manufacturing Blue Print for different Dosage forms.


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St. Mary Advocates Inc.
50 Years of Service to the Community
Formerly known as the Auxiliary of St. Mary Hospital and Hoboken University Medical Center Center
The the primary source of our fund raising is the Hoboken Thrift Store at 536 Garden Street. In addition, over the years, numerous other fundraisers-such as annual luncheons, the Tree of Life Program. The Memorial Mass Program, carnivals, bus trips and art shows have raised significant amounts of money.
All of these programs are run by volunteers. The organization has no paid employees. More volunteers are always needed for the Thrift Store. Currently, we have enough volunteers to keep the Thrift Store open for three days a week. We would like to keep it open on more days. If you wish to volunteer , call Lucille Casulli at 201-963-0743
For more information on the Thrift Store or the Tree of Life Program, click on the buttons below.


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Recent research on C-Suite Executives social media participation indicates that 66% of executives say they participate in either personal or professional social media, but the reality is considerably different. To compare what Executives were saying to what they were actually doing, I looked at the Twitter and LinkedIn* profiles of 300 Fortune 500 C-suite Executives (the same number as the attitudinal study) to see what actual behaviors were. What I found shed a better light on actual participation, which ranged from absentee Executives to social media rockstars. The behaviors broke down into seven social personas.
1. The Absentee: I couldn't find Twitter or LinkedIn profiles for many executives. A third of Executives indicate they don't participate in social media professionally and 13% don't participate at all. However, over half of non-users said they wanted to participate in social media in the future.
2. The Placeholder. These executives set up their Twitter and/or LinkedIn accounts years ago, but have never really engaged.
Many never added a photo or ever published or engaged in content. On LinkedIn, many have less than 500 connections, which suggests that they are not accepting connection requests. VISA CEO Alfred Kelly has an inactive Twitter Account and just 105 connections on LinkedIn.
3. The Lurker. They have a profile on LinkedIn or Twitter, sometimes both, and a have significant following. But they tend not to be active in connecting with others. They never like or share content from others, or publish content on their own. Terry Clark, CMO of UnitedHealth Group, published just one quick article on LinkedIn, looking for a new assistant, and garnered over 1800 followers. Clearly, people want to hear more from Terry.
4. The Hesitating Honcho. Their accounts are often fully set up, and they engaged in or published content initially, but their engagement faded. Many haven't engaged in years. Howard Ungerleider, CFO of Dow Chemical, set up his Twitter account in 2014, and has replied to two tweets in 2015. It's been crickets ever since.
5. The Recidivist. Recidivist accounts are setup, and over time they have gone through spurts of engagement, only to fall silent.
Silvia Lagnado, CMO of McDonald's, joined Twitter in September 2015, before she became CMO. After a few initial retweets, she fell silent until this spring, then fell silent again.
6. The Engaged Executive. These are executives that have chosen a particular platform, and have published and engaged others on that platform.
While Jamie Dimon, CEO of Chase, has a placeholder Twitter account, he had chosen to focus on LinkedIn. He has amassed over 700,000 LinkedIn followers by publishing 16 articles and sharing others. Conversely, Chase CMO Kristen Lemkau has focused on Twitter, with over 7000 followers.
7. The Media Magnate.
These rare executives use multiple platforms well. Just before John Flannery became CEO of GE this summer, he set up a Twitter account and became much more active on Linkedin. He has quickly amassed over 30,000 followers on LinkedIn and over 8,000 on Twitter .
Conclusion: While two thirds of executives say they are using social media professionally, the reality is that most are not realizing it's full potential to benefit their companies, their communities, or themselves.
In a future post I will explore the reasons why so many executives under-utilize social media, as well as what can be done to improve utilization.
*Due to privacy filters, I was not able to get an accurate sense of Executive participation on Facebook.


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Why is State College Motors the Go-To Spot for Altoona, Bellefonte and Lewistown Drivers Seeking a New or Used Mercedes-Benz, Audi, Nissan, Volkswagen, Volvo Vehicle?
It could be our varied and accommodating selection of new Mercedes-Benz, Audi, Nissan, Volkswagen and Volvo models, including the much-loved Mercedes-Benz GLS 450, Audi Q5, Nissan Rogue, Volkswagen Passat and Volvo XC90. Perhaps it's our equally vast range of high-quality, State College Motors-approved used cars.
It may also very well be the Mercedes-Benz, Audi, Nissan, Volkswagen, Volvo financing offers available to customers who shop with State College Motors. With these auto loan and car lease options, shoppers feel at ease, worry-free, and extra satisfied with their purchase.
State College Motors isn't only a place for those in the market for a new Mercedes-Benz, Audi, Nissan, Volkswagen and Volvo car. We're also the go-to spot for those already behind the wheel. Customers find our car service and maintenance center, also located in State College, Pennsylvania, both convenient and competent.
It doesn't stop there-- State College Motors also host an array of services to personalize or enhance your Mercedes-Benz, Audi, Nissan, Volkswagen, Volvo driving experience. Just ask our onsite auto parts and accessories department what we mean.
Still not clear about why so many trust State College Motors for all of their Mercedes-Benz, Audi, Nissan, Volkswagen and Volvo needs? Visit our dealership at 3220-3280 W College Ave State College, Pennsylvania and find out for yourself!


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Sources told TOI that the plan is to have a six-member panel — with three members being nominated by the government and an equal number coming from RBI.
While the RBI governor will have the casting vote, the deputy governor and executive director dealing with monetary policy will be the members.
The move to form a monetary policy committee (MPC), with the RBI governor having the deciding vote on interest rates, is set to be endorsed by the cabinet. It comes after a bitter debate over the constitution of the committee that will replace the existing system where the RBI is the sole authority on interest rates although the governor consults a technical committee.
Under the new mechanism — a part of which has already been implemented — the Centre and the central bank would agree to an inflation target and RBI would then move the policy rates accordingly based on the recommendations of the proposed monetary policy committee. Currently, the target is 4% inflation with a possible movement of 2% either way.
There have been various suggestions on how the committee should be structured. The Financial Sector Legislative Reforms Commission had suggested a seven-member committee with the governor as the chairman, an RBI executive director, three members from the government and two to be jointly decided by the Centre and RBI.
Then, a committee headed by RBI deputy governor Urjit Patel had recommended a five member panel with three central bank officials and two two external members, who were to be appointed by the governor and D-G. The governor was to get a casting vote in case of a tie.
A few months ago, a draft report was put out on the finance ministry website which suggested a seven-member committee with four members to be nominated by the government and three coming from RBI, with the governor getting a casting vote. The report was widely criticized and the government said that it was not its draft.


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Community engagement supports and assists students in making connections to the UTSA and San Antonio community. Through the use of RowdyLink, UTSA Engaged, presentations, and involvement opportunities students will be able to find their fit here at UTSA. Ultimately we encourage to students to find a sense of belonging and create their legacy here at UTSA.
To learn more or become involved with community engagement, please e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com.


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We are building on a name. Building Excellence is a name that speaks of our commitment to providing the best product to our clients. We are a full service firm providing Design Build, Construction Management, Project Development and General Contracting services in our Southern Arizona community. We have successfully completed almost one million square feet of building construction since our inception in June 2007.
We are skilled in many project formats including design/build, competitive bidding and various governmental types of work. We also employ skilled tradesman and self-perform certain construction divisions of a project including carpentry, concrete, structural insulation panels (SIPS) installation, masonry construction, and various work within the finish trades.
For additional information about our location, see Contact Us.


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Walk into the Brown Hound Bakery – all chocolate brown and deep blue walls, vintage plates and sugar bowls and exclusive art from New York artist John Derian – and you feel as if you should be in a hip American city instead of a retail park in a housing estate in Drogheda.
Owners Jeni Glasgow and Reuven Diaz, who also own the Eastern Seaboard Bar & Grill just a few shops down, have brought their sense of style and flair to the bakery when it comes to the decor as well as the food.
The recipes come from their friend and collaborator Craig Thompson, a baker in New York, so it's no surprise that many of the goods have an American feel to them, from the lattice crust pies to the honey roasted peanut butter cookies and pumpkin doughnuts.
The treats on offer include cupcakes, biscuits, seasonal shortbreads, pecan bars, chocolate banana bread, doughnuts, rustic galettes, buttermilk biscuits and cakes, including their signature Brown Hound cake crowned with a dramatic cloud of torched maple meringue.
They also do a range of sandwiches, including a new breakfast sandwich: omelette, smoky bacon and tomato relish on a Parmesan chive scone.
The Brown Hound Bakery has become a foodie destination and has put Drogheda on the map, with people making special trips from Dublin or Newry to eat at the Eastern Seaboard and then stock up on bakery treats afterwards.
It's hard not to envy the lucky locals who have this gem on their doorstep.


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October 4, 2015 In Life
Currently Vol.20
My Sunday consists of me staying in bed, getting back on Snapchat, cleaning my workspace, eating one too many chocolate sandwiches, binge-watching, and doing calligraphy and watercolor drills. My Sunday should have consisted of me studying for an exam. But there's always Monday dawn for that.
- READING tutorials on how to draw hands. This is why you only see me draw faces. Because fuck hands.
- WRITING refrigerator notes for my brother.
- LISTENING to Wherever You Will Go by The Calling. Kasi bagay sa weather.
- THINKING still about yesterday's Cheerdance Competition. Ang drama kasi ng playlist ko now, ang dami ko tuloy hugot, nakakainis. UP, UST, sira na nga puso ko, nasira pa lalo huhu.
- SMELLING tacos for early dinner. There are only two things I'm confident of cooking and serving to other people: pasta and tacos.
- WISHING for an extended weekend.
- HOPING I'm not as lazy as I am now later. At this rate, I'm getting nothing done tonight.
- WEARING jeans, white top. What I wore to mass earlier this morning.
- LOVING the Katipunan Art Festival yesterday! Missed most of it because of the UAAP CDC, but could not miss it completely, still. And I bought new brushes (Winsor & Newton and omg Escoda! I have a golden Escoda! And guys, my organs are now up for sale.)
- WANTING Yang Chow fried rice. Seriously. It's been 2 weeks since I started craving; this is not funny anymore.
- NEEDING Zone 5 (our official yearbook photographer) to photoshop my fat face real good.
- FEELING all over the place. The rain is making me moody and moody me is not in a happy mood. I need Yang Chow.
- CLICKING. Pinterest boards are open. None of my books are. Bye.


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Film about the lead up to the Polish uprising against German occupation at the end of the Second World War.
Dovlatov charts six days in the life of brilliant, ironic writer who saw far beyond the rigid limits of 70s Soviet Russia. Sergei Dovlatov fought to preserve his own talent and decency with poet and writer Joseph Brodsky while watching his artist friends get crushed by the iron-willed state machinery.
After the fall of the September Campaign of 1939, two Polish pilots are forced to fight for their nation in foreign battlefronts.
Monte and his baby daughter are the last survivors of a damned and dangerous mission to the outer reaches of the solar system. They must now rely on each other to survive as they hurtle toward the oblivion of a black hole.
Fear, anger, sadness, joy, disgust, envy, shame. Adaś Miauczyński goes back to his childhood days when, like most of us, he used to find it problematic to name the emotions that accompanied him. To improve the quality of his adult life, he decides to return to that time – which proves not so carefree after all – to learn how to experience the seven basic emotions. This extremely unpredictable journey into the past features an abundance of hilarious, even comical, situations but is also filled with lots of touching moments and food for thought.
A father and his daughter struggle to survive in deep space where they live in isolation.
Jacek loves heavy metal and his dog. He converts the country lanes outside his door into a racing track and bombs down them in his little car. When he and his girlfriend Dagmara take to the dancefloor, everyone runs for cover. He enjoys his existance as a cool misfit in an otherwise stuffy environment, and keeps his muscles toned working on a building site close to the Polish-German border where the world's largest statue of Jesus is being constructed. But then his life is thrown badly off course by a terrible accident at work that completely disfigures him. Eagerly followed by the Polish media, Jacek becomes the first person in the country to receive a face transplant. He may be celebrated as a national hero and martyr, but he no longer recognises himself in the mirror. Meanwhile, the statue of Jesus grows taller and taller. Whilst events around Jacek come thick and fast, the film never loses sight of the bigger picture and instead brings things even more into focus.
A Cold War-era love story follows the passionate love affair between a mismatched couple.
A policeman gets killed and the short-staffed police chief sends for a few experienced officers to support him in his fight with organized crime. Meanwhile, a conflict between local gangster groups escalates.
A former police officer goes under cover in the mafia.
When Baldwin and Inga's next door neighbours complain that a tree in their backyard casts a shadow over their sundeck, what starts off as a typical spat between neighbours in the suburbs unexpectedly and violently spirals out of control.
Tragedy meets comedy in seven stories about how our entire world can collapse at any given moment.
A murder investigation of a slain business man turns to clues found in an author's book about an eerily similar crime. Based on 2008 New Yorker article by David Grann.


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News Releases
Monday, October 7, 2013
Isakson Urges Congress to Adopt Biennial Budgeting System as Part of a Deal to End Government Shutdown
Isakson Says His Bipartisan 'Biennial Budgeting and Appropriations Act' Would Prevent Last-Minute Continuing Resolutions, Bring 'Discipline' and 'Responsibility' Back to Congress
WASHINGTON – U.S. Senator Johnny Isakson, R-Ga., today on the Senate floor urged Congress to adopt a biennial budgeting system as part of any deal to end the current government shutdown. Isakson argued that a biennial budgeting system would help prevent the need for constant last-minute negotiations on continuing resolutions in the future by reforming the current budget and appropriations system by converting it from a chaotic annual process to a two-year cycle.
The Biennial Budgeting and Appropriation Act, S.554, which Isakson introduced earlier this year with Sen. Shaheen, D-N.H., would force Congress to become better stewards of the taxpayers' money by placing Congress on a two-year budget cycle with one year devoted to appropriating federal dollars and the other year devoted to oversight of federal programs.
On the floor, Isakson expressed that the current government shutdown over the failure to reach agreement on a continuing resolution "is no way to run the greatest country on the face of this earth." He argued that it's time to try new solutions, such as biennial budgeting, to solve our fiscal problems.
Isakson said, "We are here today arguing over a continuing resolution that we shouldn't have to argue over if we would have been budgeting and appropriating over the last four years. There is bipartisan responsibility for not having adopted budgets or appropriations acts.
"Let's add a simple resolution to the CR that changes our way of doing business to a biennial budget. The Isakson-Shaheen 'Biennial Budgeting and Appropriations Act' forces Congress to do our regular order of business of appropriating and budgeting and puts back in place the kind of discipline and responsibility that we really need around this place. Instead of arguing about what we can't agree upon, we ought to find common ground and run our country like America's households run their families. If we had to do in Washington what every American family has to do, this would be a different place."
To watch a short video of Isakson's full remarks, click here.
In March of this year, the Senate adopted the Isakson-Shaheen Biennial Budgeting and Appropriations Act as an amendment, S.Amdt.138, to the Senate-passed budget. It was agreed to by a vote of 68 to 31, signaling strong bipartisan support.
Biennial budgeting has been endorsed by each successive administration since Ronald Reagan was president, as well as by numerous federal budget experts. Isakson has sponsored biennial budgeting proposals every year he's been in the Senate, while Shaheen has firsthand experience with the efficacy of biennial budgeting from her tenure as governor of New Hampshire. Currently, more than 20 states, including New Hampshire, operate on a two-year budget cycle.
The Isakson-Shaheen proposal has garnered the support of 17 co-sponsors, including Sens. Lamar Alexander, R-Tenn., Kelly Ayotte, R-N.H., John Barrasso, R-Wyo., Mark Begich, D-Alaska, Saxby Chambliss, R-Ga., Susan Collins, R-Maine, John Cornyn, R-Texas, Mike Enzi, R-Wyo., Tom Harkin, D-Iowa, Tim Kaine, Va., Sen. Angus King, I-Maine, Amy Klobuchar, D-Minn., Joe Manchin, D-W.Va., Lisa Murkowski, R-Alaska, Rob Portman, Ohio, and Mark Warner, D-Va.


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Daisy And Diamond Bracelet
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text: In order to make the stainless steel making process efficient and environment friendly, it is essential to minimize the loss of chromium to the slag phase. With a view to investigate the advantages of using CO2 to attain moderate oxygen partial pressures in the oxidant gas during the decarburizations of stainless steel, the present experiments were carried out to understand the oxidation kinetics of Fe-Cr alloys and Fe-V alloy with gas mixtures containing CO2 In the present work, the oxidation behavior of Fe-Cr and Fe-V was examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Various mixtures of O2 and CO2 were used as the oxidant gas and the oxidation rate was followed by the weight changes as a function of time. The experiments demonstrated that the oxidation rate is independent of temperature at present experimental situation, but has strongly related to the Cr-content of the alloy as well as the oxygen partial pressure in the oxidant gas mixture. The wetting of alumina by the iron drop and the change of the drop shape during the course of the oxidation were investigated by X-ray radiography