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Exploring Hydrocarbon Depletion
Page added on March 7, 2017
This is a post by François-Xavier Chevallerau, a Brussels-based public policy professional who is in the process of setting up a new international think tank to support the emergence and promotion of biophysical economics in the public debate and the policy conversation. Here, he comments on the "Hill's Report" that was also discussed in a previous post on "Cassandra's Legacy."
Guest post by François-Xavier Chevallerau
A report on the world's oil depletion problem published several years ago by an obscure association of anonymous consulting engineers and professional project managers is suddenly coming under fierce criticism.
In December 2013, an 'association of consulting engineers and professional project managers' calling themselves 'The Hill's Group' published a report titled 'Depletion: A determination for the world's petroleum reserve'. Depletion, as is well known, is the inevitable consequence of non-renewable resource extraction, and determining how this depletion will affect petroleum production has been a key focus of energy analysts and researchers for a long time.
Arriving at an estimate for the remaining extractable petroleum reserve is usually attempted by adding together the quantity of petroleum believed to be present in each field, a method which is error-prone and imprecise. The Hill's Group's study proposed an alternative model of oil extraction and depletion, rooted in thermodynamics – i.e. the branch of physical science that deals with the relations between all forms of energy. This model, called 'ETP' (Total Production Energy), is allegedly derived from the fundamental physical properties of petroleum, the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and the production history of petroleum.
The methodology used by The Hill's Group is based on 'exergy analysis'. Exergy in thermodynamics means 'the maximum amount of work that can be extracted from a system'. The system being considered, in this case, is a unit of petroleum. The Hill's Group's study calculates the maximum amount of work that can be extracted from a unit of petroleum, using the physical properties of the crude oil in question, equations derived from studies of the First and Second Laws of thermodynamics, and the cumulative production history of petroleum. It then uses these these values to construct a mathematical model that it claims can predict the status of the world's petroleum reserve with a much smaller margin of error than can be provided by the quantity measurement approach.
Optimistic estimates place the world's total petroleum reserve at 4,300 billion barrels. Of that quantity the model proposed by The Hill's Group predicts that it will only be possible to extract 1,760.5 billion barrels, or 40.9% of the total reserve. Its model suggests that petroleum's ability to supply the energy needed to sustain its own production process is declining, that petroleum depletion is further advanced than generally assumed and that oil production will decline or even collapse much faster than commonly anticipated.
From its ETP model the Hill's Group also derives a petroleum cost curve, which it says maps the price of petroleum since 1960 with a correlation coefficient of 0.965, making it the most accurate oil pricing model ever developed. It also says that the price of oil depends, in addition to production costs, on the amount that the end consumer can afford to pay for it, and derives from its ETP model a Maximum Consumer Price curve, representing the maximum price that the end consumer can pay over time for petroleum. It is based on the observation that the price of a unit of petroleum can not exceed the value of the economic activity that the energy it supplies to the end consumer can generate. According to the Hill's Group, its model shows that 2012 was the energy half way point for petroleum production, i.e. it was the year when one half of the energy content of the petroleum extracted was required to produce the petroleum and its products. From then on, it says, the price of oil can only be pulled down along the descending Maximum Consumer Price curve, which it says is curtailed at $11.76/ barrel in 2020. At this point petroleum will no longer be acting as a significant energy source for the economy, and its only function will be as an energy carrier for other sources. In other words, the oil industry as we know it will disintegrate, with a myriad of negative consequences for the world economy.
The Hill's Group's original report was published over three years ago, and a second version was published in March 2015. It gained significant popularity and was favorably commented on many blogs and websites. All this however seems to have change, and the Hill's Group's ETP model is now coming under fierce criticism from various sources:
'SK', a professor emeritus in the department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering at a Major U.S. University, delivered a strong critique of the ETP oil extraction model at peakoilbarrel.com. The fact that The Hill's Group said that a threshold for oil markets was passed in 2012 and that oil prices would tend to go down shortly after seems to give the report a superficial credibility. But according to SK the thermodynamic analysis is incorrect and therefore any calculations and graphs based on this analysis must also be unreliable.
Spanish physicist Antonio Turiel published on his website an analysis of the theoretical basis of the ETP model (in Spanish). Applying the principles of thermodynamics to evaluate the limits of the oil's capacity to deliver net energy to society makes sense, he says, provided it is done in a proper way. The ETP model, however, is according to him based on an incorrect use of thermodynamic theory, erroneous deductions, definitions that do not make sense from a physics point of view, deficient data processing, and ignorance of the interactions between oil production and the economy as well as other energy sources. Given these important shortcomings, he says, the ETP model cannot be used for a serious discussion of oil depletion, at least not until it is fundamentally revised and rebuilt.
Another Spanish physicist, Carlos de Castro from the University of Valladolid, also published a scathing critique of the Hill's Group's report (in Spanish). The physical, technological and economic foundations of the report are erroneous, he says. The Hill's Group in fact focuses on the loss of thermal energy involved in the oil extraction process (oil moving from a high temperature reservoir to ambient temperature outside), which he says has nothing to do with the energy cost of the oil procurement process for human societies. What matters to society, he says, is not oil's thermal energy but its chemical energy – even if this chemical energy may then be used to generate heat. The ETP model, he concludes, is not an adequate model to assess the net energy derived form petroleum extraction and its evolution.
Prof. Ugo Bardi from the University of Florence is also taking aim with the Hill's Group's work in a recent blog post. The Hill's Group's report, he says, is badly flawed. While it is true that the oil industry is in trouble, the calculations by the Hill's group are, at best, irrelevant and probably simply plain wrong. The problem of diminishing energy returns of oil production is real, Bardi says, but the way to study it is based on the 'life cycle analysis' (LCA) of the process. This method takes into account entropy indirectly, in terms of heat losses, without attempting the impossible task of calculating it from textbook thermodynamic principles. By means of this method, we can understand that oil production still provides a reasonable energy return on investment (EROI). It is anyway erroneous, says Bardi, to draw conclusions regarding the economy from net energy analysis. The economy is a complex adaptative system that evolves in ways that cannot be understood in terms of mere energy return considerations.
This controversy surrounding the Hill's Group's report reveals some inconvenient truths that the 'peak oil' community now has to face. The Group's work was widely embraced and disseminated in this community, with no or limited critical scrutiny. It indeed has an aura of scientific accuracy that comes from its use of basic thermodynamic principles and of the concept of entropy, correctly understood as the force behind the depletion problem. But behind the thermodynamic terminology, it proposes a series of assumptions, not always explicit, and of complex mathematical calculations that nobody until recently had apparently taken the time to review. As pointed out by Antonio Turiel, the Hill's Group's work would probably not have passed a proper peer review process in its current form.
Yet the report was widely accepted and commented in the 'peak oil' community. According to Ugo Bardi, this episode shows that "a report that claims to be based on thermodynamics and uses resounding words such as 'entropy' plays into the human tendency of believing what one wants to believe". As many in the 'peak oil' community want to believe in imminent collapse and disaster, works like the Hill's Group's report that are perceived as providing a serious scientific basis to catastrophism are widely embraced. If the scientific basis is revealed to be not as sound as initially thought, as seems to be the case for the Hill's Group's work, then its embrace and dissemination can only be detrimental to the peak oil community and undermine its credibility.
Energy researchers and analysts should probably be particularly cautious and vigilant when using the concept of 'entropy'. As pointed out by Ugo Bardi, "entropy is an important concept, but it must be correctly understood to be useful. It is no good to use it as an excuse to pander unbridled catastrophism." The problem being, of course, that entropy cannot be correctly understood so easily. As famous scientist John von Neumann (1903-1957) once advised a colleague: "You should call it entropy (…) nobody knows what entropy really is, so in a debate you will always have the advantage."
70 Comments on "Thermodynamic model of oil depletion sparks controversy"
Apneaman on Wed, 8th Mar 2017 12:46 pm
Hair clog, yabut that information is provided from studies done by people with PhD's and according to you all humans with PhD's are corrupt and just in it for the grant money and can't be trusted therefore your argument is invalid. You'll need to come up with a different source for the data. How about semi literate, tattooed, unemployed, neo nazi trumpateer labours who are 100% certain on everything because they "just know" they "feel it" and we all know there is no better way to find facts than going with the humans tribal emotions. Skin colour – there's another good way to find the truth. All data from brown people is invalid by default because white people are superior and just naturally know more without even having to read more than a couple of Wikipedia entry's and listen to some conservative talk radio. That 10 years of 14 hr days of post secondary study, just to get in the game, is yet another Jew hoax.
Cloggie on Wed, 8th Mar 2017 12:54 pm
You are a good guy, there is nothing wrong with you. It is not your fault.
GregT on Wed, 8th Mar 2017 1:40 pm
"EU figure is 18%, 2020 target is 20%. Probably going to be met."
That would be for electric power generation though, would it not? What about pharmaceuticals, industrial feedstocks, agriculture, and transport?
And also Cloggie,
Worth mentioning from the wiki link that you provided;
"Underlying many of the EU's energy policy proposals is the goal to limit global temperature changes to no more than 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, of which 0.8 °C has already taken place and another 0.5–0.7 °C (for total warming of 1.3-1.5 °C) is already committed. 2 °C is usually seen as the upper temperature limit to avoid 'dangerous global warming'. However some scientists, such as Kevin Anderson, professor of energy and climate change in the School of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Civil Engineering at the University of Manchester and former director of the Tyndall Centre, the UK's leading academic climate change research organisation, have argued that to be consistent with the science, 1 °C is a more accurate threshold for "dangerous" climate change."
This would be consistent with my understanding of our predicament. While I do agree with the effort, we would be about 3 decades too late for a 100% reduction in CO2 emissions. 20% by 2020? Too little, too late. Catastrophic climate change is in all likelihood already baked into the cake.
Cloggie on Wed, 8th Mar 2017 1:44 pm
No, 20% of ALL energy, not just electricity.
Cloggie on Wed, 8th Mar 2017 1:52 pm
You are picking out the most pessimist scientist.
But, if we are too late, than we are too late. Too bad.
Meanwhile the transition must be carried out. The EU doesn't need to be convinced.
GregT on Wed, 8th Mar 2017 2:12 pm
If you pick out the optimistic scenario of 2 degrees C. ( which isn't really what I would consider to be optimistic at all) Then we would need to completely curb all global CO2 emissions sometime before 2035. 100%, globally. Conservatively speaking, 2ºC is still considered to be dangerous from a human perspective, and the IPCC scenario does not take into consideration positive self reenforcing feedback mechanisms. Which if I remember correctly, there are now some 2 dozen identified.
We are currently, as of 2016, at .99ºC above pre-industrial global mean temperature levels.
If we stopped all greenhouse gas emissions today, without positive self reenforcing feedbacks kicking in, ( sadly, already happening ) we could conceivably end up with a GMT rise of around 1.4 – 1.6C.
Sorry, but no matter how you look at it, we're in for a great deal of hurt, and the EU cutting GGE by 20% by 2020, is like pissing into the wind. (Hurricane, really.)
Cloggie on Wed, 8th Mar 2017 2:23 pm
Here a scientist who claims that for every degree Celsius you need a doubling of CO2 levels:
And if not, there is one consolation: we are all in this together.
GregT on Wed, 8th Mar 2017 2:25 pm
One more thought Cloggie,
It would appear to me, at least, that the EU goal of weaning itself off of fossil fuels is more in response to the economic fallout from peak conventional oil, which occurred sometime around 2005, rather than catastrophic climate change. (Something that the EU alone can never stop.) That would take a concentrated effort from every nation around the world, as well as a massive undertaking to sequester the CO2 that we have already emitted into the atmosphere, and into the Oceans.
I see it as nothing more than a feeble attempt to maintain some semblance of eCONomic BAU. Unfortunately, the Earth's environment is a tad bit more important to our survival, than air-conditioning in the summer, and space heating in the winter. Non-essential, human creature comforts.
GregT on Wed, 8th Mar 2017 2:30 pm
Again, from your link:
"Ridley does acknowledge that real environmental problems do exist: over-fishing, ocean acidification, hunting, deforestation."
Ocean acidification, in my understanding, is the biggest threat facing mankind's existence, from catastrophic climate change.
Cloggie on Wed, 8th Mar 2017 2:31 pm
As I understand it there is no reference to peak oil in the EU energy policy motivation. Just climate change.
And don't forget the Paris Accords. That's a global agreement. And Trump has Ivanka and her moderating influence.lol
GregT on Wed, 8th Mar 2017 2:36 pm
Just started to snow here, yet again, we're expecting another 15 to 20 cm by tonight.
Absolutely insane. Last year at this time I had my greenhouse already planted, with daytime temperatures of 16ºC.
GregT on Wed, 8th Mar 2017 2:44 pm
Sorry Cloggie, but the Paris agreement was much to do about nothing. It was even argued that 1.5ºC should not be passed. At the beginning of 2016 the world was already experiencing temperatures of 1.3ºC above the 1880s baseline. And also, the industrial revolution began a century before that.
Apneaman on Wed, 8th Mar 2017 2:50 pm
hair clog, I have pointed out to you on more than one occasion about Ridlys lack of credentials – A degree in zoology makes him as qualified to speak on climate science as me or my dog. Oh and there's that little conflict of interest deal.
Matt Ridley aka Viscount Ridley is a coal baron, science writer and AGW denier (lukewarmer variety) on the Academic Advisory Council of the denialist Global Warming Policy Foundation. Ridley is a landed aristocrat who earns an estimated £4.1 million each year from opencast coal mines on his Blagdon Estate with income guaranteed until 2020. He is also a Conservative member of the House of Lords. Ridley was chairman of the UK bank Northern Rock from 2004 to 2007, during which period Northern Rock experienced the first run on a British bank in 150 years. Ridley chose to resign, and the bank was bailed out by the UK government leading to the nationalisation of Northern Rock.
Coal Baron
The White-Ridley family has owned the stunning Blagdon Estate in Northumbria since 1700, and for centuries mined coal and fireclay to amass a considerable fortune while fuelling the Industrial Revolution and British Empire. It has been estimated that open cast coal mining on this estate earns Ridley £4.1 million annually.[15]
In spite of the fact that I have repeatedly shown he is the least qualified person to be making any professional opinion on the climate, you continue to haul him out. This is the typical tactic of a low down cock sucking liar. You are a dirty fucking liar hair clog – it's all you have and you use the same lame assed kindergarten level rhetoric and lying all the time.
BTW, to be a real scientist one needs to do original research, not just get a degree write books and articles to protect ones coal interests.
Apneaman on Wed, 8th Mar 2017 2:54 pm
'One morning we came in and everything was dead': Climate change and Oregon oysters
""By burning fossil fuels, we've increased the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere by 30 percent," he says. "That's lowered the pH of the ocean — or the acidity of the ocean — by about 30 percent, which shifts the saturation state and makes it harder for organisms to make shells."
Cloggie on Wed, 8th Mar 2017 3:15 pm
If you read my blog post you will verify that he admits that he has coal interests, just like you, stinking convicted thug and miserable cancer monkey from the Alberta oil patch. Sorry about that. He makes a positive statement about the logarithmic relationship between CO2 levels and temperature increase, as well the CO2 buffer effect due to glabel luke warming. Got that, bampot?
makati1 on Wed, 8th Mar 2017 5:12 pm
Cloggie, he is still a coal supporter, and that makes ANYTHING he says or writes as false advertising. Sorry. You are supporting a liar.
health tips on Sun, 19th Mar 2017 1:59 am
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dep of education on Mon, 20th Mar 2017 4:42 pm
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Okholo on Tue, 23rd May 2017 2:11 pm
Excellent post.
onlooker on Tue, 23rd May 2017 2:36 pm
is suddenly coming under fierce criticism. —
You can judge the veracity of the Hills group model precisely by the degree of opposition. Looks like Hills is unto something. Fighting to squeeze out the bonanza (money) from Oil before the end of the Oil age


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Wyoming Secretary of State Max Maxfield recently issued a reminder to all non-federal candidates, candidate committees, and political action committees, regarding an upcoming deadline. State Election Director Peggy Nighswonger explains.
The Sheridan City Council held a work session Monday, where they received an update from Sheridan County Suicide Prevention Coalition Chair Vanessa Hastings. Hastings went over the results of the 2009 Youth Risk Behavior Survey for Sheridan County High Schools.
The Sheridan Housing Action Committee, or SHAC, has joined forces with the North Main Neighborhood Association to apply for a planning only grant through the Wyoming Business Council to conduct a housing study. SHAC Executive Director Karin Spann explains just what the grant would be used for and the collaboration with NMNA.
The search for the new Executive Director of the Sheridan County Library System was just about over, but now it is about to begin again. Library Trustee Tony Wendtland:
Tony adds that the current director, Cathy Butler, had very "graciously" agreed to stay through the end of August:
There were fire trucks, a band, plenty of horses and old cars, candy was tossed from a variety of floats and of course, there were those smattering of waving, grinning, one-more-vote garnering politicians filling in the gaps. It was the Dayton Days Parade held this past Saturday.
Miniature Horse Show Brings Out the Best and Worst of Participants
Officials with the Bureau of Indian Affairs Crow Agency & Aviation released a report Sunday on a three-acre timber fire on the remote eastern slopes of the Crow Reservation's Pryor Mountains. The blaze heralds the start of serious fire season on the Reservation. Lightning struck in the area about four days before.
Earlier this summer, the Sheridan Senior Center began summer fundraising campaign called Operation Independence. Director of Development, Rindy West, explains.
Even though a positive recommendation came from the Sheridan County Planning Commission to encourage the establishment of a countywide building and electrical inspection process for new construction, the Sheridan County Commission last week voted unanimously (minus one vote as Commissioner Cram was out of town) not to implement such a process at this time.
There was a birthday bash in Sheridan's Kendrick Park over the weekend, but this wasn't just any old birthday party:
Road & Travel

subset: commoncrawl


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For partners that build or integrate commercially available applications and service solutions with the Oracle Cloud Platform
For partners that provide implementation or managed services around Oracle Cloud Applications
Activities which can be performed in team cannot be assigned to buckets. I don't understand this as per functional and business point of view.
Please can anyone explain this?
Hi Adam,
Because this isn't just an activity creation, but a team creation when you need to specify the participants also. You're maybe looking the linked activity functionality, where for example you will have a main activity and a second assist activity which are linked together.
Thanks Zsolt.
If we go with linked Activities and will it be possible for the assisting activities to assign the same time slot as the main activity automatically?
Yes, but depend on your implementation.
In our setup, we have main and second technician activities linked together with the start, have exactly the same data, only activity type is different, on CRM side only the main activity is matter.
Average Rating: 100% (+1/-0)
Thank you Zsolt, this is helping.
Please can you advise on below:
So when you try to create a team then you create the assisting activity and auto populate the data or dispatcher needs to enter all the data manually?
This is perfect but what you do with the assisting/non primary activities? You leave it on the discretion of field operators to close them or have some business rules to auto close those activities as well? Please can you write your flow that how you create the activities, how they are assign and post activity steps? This will help me.
Thank you Zsolt and sorry as well for sticking to my same problem and pain :) How your CRM is assigning your activities to team? I mean let suppose you have two technicians (T1 and T2) and they need to work in a team. How CRM is assigning activities to this team (T1 is lead T2 is assisting) ?
Activities assigned by OFSC's routing engine based on technician skills (and other things also considered, for example home location, Work Zone and so on).
I am interested to know how your CRM is managing assisting activities. I am looking a way to manage assisting activities in a better way because we will using manual scheduling.
It's not a big deal on that side, because I think we can make two WO for the same address in any CRM, then one can have product to install and the other can have just a flag to provide an information for Middleware for activity type labels. Business rules (which activity closing need to result closing on the other side, and which data need to be provided) specified in the Middleware.


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We are so excited to introduce you to Brittany of the blog Southern Soul today! 1. What inspired you to start a blog and how long have you been blogging?
A good friend of mine had a lifestyle blog which is who really helped me pull the plug on blogging. I had always wanted a blog, but I figured no one would visit it or care what I had to say. Once this friend convinced me to make my blog my life hasn't been the same! I've been officially blogging since April 2014 and look forward to many more years of blogging ahead!
2. What has been your proudest blogging moment?
My proudest blogging moment would probably be all the little moments leading up to where I am now. I can't think of one thing. My favorite thing about blogging is all of the connections I have made and all the connections I will make. It's incredible!
3. What is something you would like to learn more about?
I would love to learn more about the business side of blogging. I am just starting to get into this side of it, but that is my main focus!
4. Favorite place to sit and blog in the city?
I have only blogged at one Starbucks in Charleston since moving here in August of 2015. I am definitely on the hunt for quaint spots to inspire creativity!
5. If you could grab coffee with any blogger who would it be?
I would love to grab coffee with Melyssa Griffin. She has been an inspiration to me from the start and I just love her style.


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It is located 500 m from the Hospital of San Juan and Miguel Hernández University, very close to the N-332 and the exit of the A-70. It has twin or double rooms with traditional decor. Local Manor from the nineteenth century with a garden of palms and trees. Some of the rooms have smokestack, part of the decoration dates from the time of the original house. Equestrian centers nearby and water sports on the beach of San Juan in the summer. The restaurant inside the hotel, although this is independent and offers both a la carte and set menu.
Club Travel Destinations


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Roman Law
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Other than engineering, another area where the Romans achieved great success in the ancient times was law, which until today is functioning to a large extent throughout the world (Karakocali, 2007). Roman Law which was in effect use during the antiquity's age in the City of Rome and soon after in the Roman Empire. The end of Roman rule in Europe saw Roman Law being mostly-although not utterly-forgotten. However, the law was rediscovered again in Italy during the 11 century's second half. This paper presents a discussion as to why we study Roman Law.
At first was only taught and studied at the university level with Bologna as the first place to experience studies in Roman Law. Shortly Roman Law started being applied within legal practice, particularly in the filed of civil law. Consequently re-adoption of these law happened at different times and to diverse extents across the whole Europe with England as the most significant exception (Zimmerman, 2001). Nevertheless, during the process of reception/adoption countless Roman Rules were merged with, or revised to suit, various European nations' legal norms. Hence Roman rules currently in use in Europe, were in no way similar to Roman Law from Antiquity. However the law was referred to as ius commune (common law) as this evolved law had become common to many European nations. Roman law, as ius commune, was enforced in many jurisdictions till national codes outdated these rules in 19th and 18th centuries. Accordingly from almost 11th century until today, Roman Law was in force all over most of Europe and its effects influence on European Private Law Systems still exists.
Zimmerman (2001) observes that Roman Laws form most of what is functioning today throughout the whole world It is obvious that there is no independent human existence totally isolated from the past, today's generation can not freely fashion their own subsistence, entailing the laws. Consequently the current generation has to always and essentially do it within binding community with the whole past, and except if the present states want to be involuntarily ruled by the past, it has to be explored so that there is a clear understanding of how we reached where we are. For this reason studying Roman Law today gives professors, legislators and judges a foundation upon which they build shared values and find a general understanding of the common principles and legal methods concerning the new ius commune.
Historical scholarship especially studies in Roman Law has to a great extent enabled us take stock of current legal condition. It could also aid us to work out and be familiar with the common ground that still exists within the current national legal systems due to a common tradition, of autonomy but parallel progresses, and to occasions of intellectual motivation or the reception of legal concepts or rules (Schiller, 1978).
Additionally, studies help us to explain inconsistencies on the level of particular outcome, doctrinal nuance and general approach. This kind of understanding paves way for organic development and rational criticism of the law. Even though the past neither justifies itself nor has the solutions for current problems its understanding is an initial and essential qualification for developing the most suitable solutions (Zimmerman, 2001). Within a particular national legal system, this is true, just like if is for the creation of the European law. Consequently, in the same way legal history updates the progress of private law doctrine in a given case, it forms the foundation for the comparative schoolarship within the other. Studies in Roman Law gives especially European private law, the combination of historical and comparative scholarship it requires.
The influence of Roman Law in today's legal institutions throughout the whole world is not in doubt. Roman Law's spirit still lives today because the foundation of European civilization lies within it. It is from Rome that the world ha inherited the model of Law itself, of the Family and of the State. The current firm, secure, high, legal position not only in American and European civilization but in most parts of the world is a legacy originating from the Roman Law (Schiller, 1978). Due to this the study of Roman Law is very important because most of its values are being felt in almost all corners of the world. The study is therefore not only important in the study of legal systems alone but also in other sectors of national administration.
To sum up the whole discussion about why we currently study Roman Law, it has to be most importantly understood that it has the development of law in a majority of Western civilization. The law basically dealt with issues of inheritance (succession), property, persons and obligations. Most of these laws were enacted by assemblies subjugated the patrician families, although the rulings of the magistrates were also significant. The significance of study of Roman Law today is encompassed in three core reasons. Firs t of all Roman Law merited an outstanding position because it was the most produce of Roman civilization. Secondly Roman Law threw significant light upon the world history, particularly upon the development of the European legal and political institutions. Lastly it is strongly believed that Roman Law provided the best illustration of the principles concerned with general jurisprudence.
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The Bridal Bouquet
Consider the style and shape
- Wildflower bouquets take on a tall and spiky shape with smaller blossoms. It appears as though you've just walked through a field and gathered clusters of flowers.
- Bohemian bouquets have a wide range of ingredients that are randomly arranged with some eccentric ingredients.
- Nosegays or more traditional bouquets take on a rounded shape with polished arrangements of the blossoms.
- Garden style or hand tied bouquets are more loosely arranged with wisps and tendrils and any range of components.
Consider the ingredients
- Do you like the idea of a few varieties or a wide range of shapes and textures?
- Do you like lots of greenery or a little greenery?
- Do you want a wide range of colors or just a few? Remember that a lot of white blossoms will blend in with a white dress.
For the Bridal Party
- Bridesmaid bouquets – should they be similar to yours or different? Think about adding a different color for contrast.
- Boutonnieres — consider colors, size, and ribbon or wrapping
- Corsages — options include pin-on, small hand-held arrangements or wrist — we make bracelets of blossoms instead of elastic wrist corsages
- Flower crowns or blossoms for your hair — we know just the flowers that will hold up out of water for the celebration
- Baskets of petals or small hand held arrangements for flower girls
- Tossing bouquet – if you want to save your bouquet, an additional tossing bouquet is an option; it can be a smaller version of your bouquet
Options For the Ceremony — Think about what will make the biggest visual impact for photos. Where will the bridal party be standing and will they block any arrangements you thought you had to have? Here are some options:
- Altar flowers – large floor arrangements or altar-top vessels
- Garlands or focal pieces on an archway or pergola
- End of aisle arrangements – in buckets, tied to church pews or chairs, or on shepherds hooks
- Urns or large planters at the entryway to the seating area or by the "altar"
For the Reception — This is where folks will spend the bulk of their time. Add your personal touch to the dinner tables and add color and romance to the room. Here are some options:
- Table arrangements – you can use your bouquet and bridesmaid bouquets as reception arrangements, but these aren't always ideal as centerpieces. Think about putting them in window sills, on the cake table, or on the guest book table. Don't have your maids running around the room for vases scattered here and there. Put them all together if possible.
- Additional locations for flowers: buffet tables, gift table, bathrooms, guest book table, favors table, and the bar
- Will you want fresh flowers for the cake?
- Welcome your guests to the reception with your consistent color theme and a bit of flair. They're at the right place and you're setting the stage for a beautiful evening.


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Until today, the understanding I had of black holes was as a spherical "event horizon" with a singularity at the centre. The event horizon is the surface of no return – anything which goes past it can never escape. The singularity is where quantum gravity kicks in, and is very handy for evading the speed-of-light limit in science fiction plots, where it functions as a gateway to a wormhole which can take the protagonists wherever they need to be.
All this changed during a talk by Samir Mathur of Ohio State University just now, here at the Lepton Photon meeting in Mumbai. It's all to do with entropy.
via Black holes turn into fuzzballs and destroy a thousand sci-fi plots | Jon Butterworth | Science | guardian.co.uk.


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Fresh works from Ellen Sinopoli Dance Company, Lior Shneior and Project 44 Schenectady, N.Y.- Now in its fourth year at Proctors, the Next Move: Festival of Modern Dance takes motion to the next level, offering an olio of challenging pieces created by today's top choreographers. The one-day festival on April 5 is curated and led by Ellen Sinopoli, and will feature the Ellen Sinopoli Dance Company along with Lior Shneior and Project 44. New to this edition, Next Move: Festival of Modern Dance will include intimate conversations with the artists as well as light fare, including coffee and dessert. Schneior's Little Pinks, which will open the festival, is based on an eccentric one-sided love story from 1942, written by quintessential New York scribe Damon Runyon. Schneior, an Israeli-born Berliner, has constructed the piece as a set of duets examining Runyon's imagined relationship between busboy Little Pinks and club dancer Gloria "Her Highness" Lyons. Gierre Godley's Project 44 is an all-male Queens-based troupe with a visceral approach to choreography. His fraternity explores assumptions about contemporary male culture, including 'king of the hill complex,' 'little man syndrome' and other 'vices' that men share. Sinopoli's Speaking Duchamp-inspired by Michael Oatman and Ken Ragsdale's An Armory Show installation at The Sage College's Opalka Gallery in 2013- will close the program. The dance pays homage to Marcel Duchamp, the artist whose work made the biggest splash at the original 1913 Armory Show in NYC. Duchamp's Cubist-inspired Nude Descending a Staircase was famously derided as an "explosion in a shingle factory." Oatman's "D'entre les Morts," two video works inspired by Duchamp's painting, serve as reference points for Sinopoli's dance, which is set to Joan Tower's dramatic "Silver Ladders." The dancers take the ascension theme into the third dimension with a rolling staircase, which itself is transformed into a sculpture in its own right. Each performance at Next Move: Festival of Modern Dance will be preceded by an artist talk, offering unique insights and opportunities for conversation. ### Michael Eck II Broadway Public Relations Liaison Proctors & Capital Repertory Theatre email@example.com 518.382.3884, ext. 181 Next Move: Festival of Modern Dance 5:30 p.m. Saturday, April 5 GE Theatre at Proctors 432 State Street, Schenectady 346-6204 proctors.org $35, $15 students
Next Move: Festival of Modern Dance returns to Proctors April 5
Mar 26, 2014 by I Love New York Staff


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» » Sophie and Jenny Part 3 « «
Well this is it, the final part of the story which you all seem to have enjoyed. I just want to add that this story is purely fictional, there are people in the story that do really exist but the events are a work of fiction. A lot of people think that this is my life story but it is not. I want you all to enjoy this story as much as I have enjoyed writing it, please e-mail me with your comments or just leave a message on the board where you saw this posted. Thank you. DaddyCool. firstname.lastname@example.com
Sophie, this is for you baby. Love you loads baby girl. Daddy xxxxxx.
Midway through the night Sophie woke up, she looked around and saw it was dark, in fact the room was in complete darkness. Sophie was afraid of the dark she felt scared, her dummy was not in her mouth and Jenny was not in the crib with her. Sophie felt so alone and very frightened, she began to cry. A few minutes later the door opened and in came daddy.
'There there baby what is the matter?'
Sophie was crying uncontrollably but managed to tell daddy.
'I *sniff* don't like *sniff* being in the dark *sniff* on my own.'
Daddy instantly reached down and picked Sophie out of the crib and hugged her really tightly. He found her dummy and put it back in her mouth; Sophie received the dummy gratefully and began to calm down. Daddy took Sophie to the changing table and laid her down. He inserted his finger under the leg band of the nappy and felt it was wet so he proceeded to change Sophies' nappy.
'Daddy, where is Jenny?' Sophie had no idea where Jenny had gone.
'Jenny is downstairs baby I'll tell you in the morning.'
'Ok daddy.'
Sophie continued to suck on her dummy as daddy finished the nappy change. He picked her up and rocked her back to sleep before putting her back in the crib, as he left the room he switched on the night light.
'Good night my gorgeous baby girl.' He whispered as he closed the nursery door.
Daddy went back downstairs to where Jenny was sitting, she had
calmed down immensely after her tantrum earlier on.
Jenny had woken a few hours earlier still in the playpen and in a very wet nappy, she had seen Sophie asleep in the crib sucking on her dummy. Jenny had felt the need to poop but didn't want to go in her nappy, in fact she was starting to become uncomfortable with this whole arrangement, and she didn't like the feeling of not being in control. Jenny had tried to call for daddy but he didn't come, she also tried to get out of the playpen but found it almost impossible especially when she needed to go so bad. Jenny had felt so defeated and had tried to hang on for as long as she could, she walked the length of the playpen trying with all her might to hold on. After 20 minutes there was still no daddy Jenny didn't want to shout and wake Sophie up, the pain had become unbearable. Jenny tried to hold on but found her body to be uncooperative and lost control into her already soaked nappy. Jenny burst into tears and fell to the floor landing on her bum and pushing the mess around her nappy, Jenny bawled quite loudly and was still crying as daddy burst through the door.
Daddy was very concerned about Jenny and picked her out of the
playpen he helped get her nice and clean before inviting her
'Is Sophie ok?' Jenny asked daddy.
'Yes she is fine, just a little wet and scared. How are you feeling now?'
'Ok I guess, sorry for that little episode.'
'Hey it's not a problem. What was it all about?'
Jenny went on to explain how she was uncomfortable being a baby girl, she apologised but she didn't like being under somebody elses control.
'Jenny, that is ok. Some people don't like to be a baby they just like wearing nappies, they are called nappy or diaper lovers.'
Daddy went on to explain to Jenny all about the scene and the websites that she could visit. He explained the different roles people liked to play.
'So Jen, what do you think you are?'
'Well, I liked taking care if Sophie you know changing her nappies and that but I also like to wear a nappy myself. I guess I am a mummy who likes to wear also.'
'Well Jenny I think you are right. So are you going to find yourself a baby?'
'I don't know how really.'
Daddy got up of the sofa and switched on his computer, he connected to the internet and went on a site. Daddy was looking over a site called DSDatabase when a MSN messenger window popped up.
'Evening DC'
'Who is that?'
'Oh that is Paul, he is a baby from Northern Ireland.'
'No I mean DC.'
'DC is me Jenny. My screen name is DaddyCool. You should know that.'
'Oh yes I remember now.'
Daddy entered into the conversation with Paul and was telling him about the evening events. Paul asked to speak to Jenny and Daddy was left sitting alone watching TV as the two of them talked for hours.
Jenny was enjoying the chat and liked the fact that he was an ex-soldier, she looked at pictures of him and fancied him a lot. They continued to talk and Jenny was telling Paul about herself. Jenny told Paul about Sophie and how she had worn nappies for the past few days to support her best friend. Jenny told Paul about that nights episode and how she had decided that she was a mummy.
At the other end of the line Paul got very excited hearing about Jenny being a mummy. They had gotten on so well and Paul wanted to meet up with her. He had wanted a mummy to take care of him for a long time, was this his chance?
Paul decided not to push the subject that night, after all he and Jenny had only met that night. No, he would ask for DCs help. In the meantime Jenny and Paul continued to talk and they really were getting on well.
It was 3am and Jenny was getting sleepy so she decided to call it a night and said goodnight to Paul and thanked him for the truly wonderful chat. Jenny turned around and saw daddy still on the sofa watching TV.
'I didn't know you were still up.'
'Oh me, I'll be up for a few more hours yet. Did you have a nice chat with Paul?'
'Oh yes, it was brilliant, he is a really nice guy.'
Jenny talked for a while with daddy, they chatted about Paul and daddy told her that he was due to come over for a visit and she was welcome to meet him. Daddy had been talking with Paul for months and he told Jenny anything else she didn't know.
'There is something I want to ask you daddy.'
'What is it Jen?'
'Well I want to know what your name is, I mean I'm not a baby anymore so you can tell me.'
'Ok Jen I suppose you're right. My name is Phil.'
'Phil, that's a good name.'
'Thanks I'm glad you like it.'
'Well Phil I'm tired so I'm going to go to bed.' Jenny got up and began to walk out of the room, she stopped and turned around. 'Phil, where is my room?'
'Well Jen I don't think you will want to sleep in the crib so you can take my bed and I'll bed down on the sofa.'
'Thanks Phil.'
'Don't mention it. But will you do me a favour and check in on Sophie, if she is awake then you can give me a shout.'
'Ok, no problem. Goodnight.'
'Good night Jenny. Oh, there are some nappies under the changing table if you want to wear one for bed.'
'Thanks Phil, I think I will wear a nappy, good night.'
Jenny left the room and climbed the stairs, she went into the nursery and saw Sophie fast asleep in the crib contently sucking on her dummy. Jenny walked over to the changing table took a fresh nappy and went to Phils' bedroom closing the nursery door on a cute sleeping Sophie.
As the door closed Sophie turned over and moaned deeply, she was dreaming again.
Sophie was lying in her crib sucking on her dummy when daddy came in the room, she could see the early morning light cutting through the thin parting in the curtains. Daddy wished her a good morning and picked her up out of the crib walking over to the changing table. He cursed himself for forgetting something and walked out of the room. Daddy had only been gone a few minutes when another man walked into the room, Sophie had not seen this man before he was huge his face was covered over with a scarf. Sophie tried to call out for daddy but she could only mumble through her dummy. The stranger bent over Sophie and spoke in a deep husky voice, his eyes were black.
'Your daddy can't help you now little girl, you are on your own.'
The stranger grabbed Sophie and pulled her to the floor, she tried to get up but her legs wouldn't work, she began to crawl. The stranger pulled out a long knife and began to chase after Sophie.
'I'm going to cut you up for my bread'
Sophie began to cry she couldn't crawl fast enough the stranger grabbed her by the ankles and raised the knife high into the air.
'Goodbye baby girl'
Sophie screamed out as she saw the knife come through the air.
'Aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh' Sophie screamed.
Sophie sat bolt upright and was crying uncontrollably she couldn't make out where she was. Suddenly the door flew open, a man filled the light in the door way.
'Baby what's wrong?'
Daddy ran over to the crib and saw what a state Sophie was in. He reached down for her and she flew into his arms hugging him as tight as she could.
'Shhhhhhhhh. Don't worry baby it was just a bad dream.'
Daddy picked Sophie out of the crib and cuddled her tightly, she was soaked. Sophie had wet that much that her thick night-time nappies had leaked.
It took some time but Sophie calmed down.
'You ok now baby?'
Sophie was still sniffing a little as she nodded.
'What was the dream about then?'
Sophie proceeded to tell daddy all about her dream. Sophie told
daddy about the stranger.
Daddy laughed.
'Well I think that somebody has watched too much horror and read too much Jack and the Beanstalk.'
Sophie thought about it and realised that all those Nightmare on Elm Street movies had taken its toll.
'Right then I think you need a little nappy change.'
Daddy put Sophie down on the changing table and began to clean her up.
'Daddy, I don't like bad dreams.'
'I know baby, don't worry about a thing dreams can't hurt you.'
'Can I sleep with you tonight daddy?'
'Well I'm on the couch but you can join me if you want.'
Daddy finished getting Sophie changed and carried her downstairs,
he sat on the sofa and had Sophie on his knee. Sophie sucked on her
dummy and was soon fast asleep.
Daddy put Sophie on the sofa and covered her with the blanket he had on the back of it, he then went to the computer.
Paul was still online so Phil opened a chat window.
'Alright mate.'
Paul wrote back and asked if Jenny was still there, Phil said that she had gone to bed and he was the only one still up. Paul asked Phil more about Jenny, what she was like and how she looked. Phil went through everything that he knew about Jenny, he told Paul about how he had come across Sophie and Jenny and the events of the last day.
'Do you think that Jenny would like to be my mummy?'
'I'm not sure mate, I can ask her.'
'Would you? I could come over and meet her.'
Phil remarked how he thought it could be a good idea, both he and Paul had planned to meet up when Paul was next in England. They talked for a while about different things, Phil checking on the sleeping Sophie every now and then. At 6am Phil was ready to go to bed so he bid a good night to Paul and shut down the computer.
Sophie was still asleep on the sofa, she looked so cute sucking on her dummy, Phil had to disturb her to get on the sofa though.
'Sorry baby, daddy needs his sofa to go to sleep.'
Sophie was a little groggy and half sat up, daddy picked her up then sat down with her on his knee, she was still half asleep. Daddy lay down on the sofa with Sophie lying on top of him, he put his arm around her and kissed her forehead then he covered them both with the blanket and they went to sleep.
Sophie woke up a little after 11am, she was still lying on top of daddy on the sofa. The funny thing was is that she didn't remember daddy being on the sofa with her when she went to sleep and the other thing was she didn't see Jenny anywhere. Sophie thought for a while Jenny must be asleep in the crib upstairs; Sophies thoughts drifted to her nappy, she reached down and felt it, she was a very wet baby girl and now she needed to poop. Sophie looked around for her dummy which was now out of her mouth, she found it next to daddy. Sophie picked up her dummy and put it back in her mouth, she then lay back down listening to her daddies heart beat. Sophie felt the urge to poop again and gave a little push, she filled her waiting nappy and felt so happy, just like a baby girl again.
'Daddy' Sophie shook her daddy 'Daddy I need my nappy changing'
Daddy woke up a little and looked at the gorgeous baby girl lying with him.
'Good morning baby.' Daddy sniffed the air. 'Well I think my baby girl has a messy nappy.'
Sophie blushed as she nodded her head. Daddy sat up with Sophie still on his knee, he put her to one side, stood up and stretched giving a loud yawn in the process. Daddy then picked up his baby and walked over to the stairs climbing them to the nursery. Sophie was amazed at how easy he seemed to be able to carry her around, she liked it, it made her feel so small. Sophie was getting a little turned on by her situation. Daddy took her into the nursery and over to the changing table. As expertly as always daddy changed the baby girl, he noticed how wet Sophie was becoming.
'Is my little baby girl getting horny?'
Sophie looked down at daddy nodding. Daddy carried on with the nappy change regardless, he rubbed the talcum powder into her skin, Sophie moaned in pleasure as he slowly rubbed her throbbing pussy, still he carried on he pulled up the front of her nappy and taped it shut. Sophie was aching to cum, she tried to slip her hand into her nappy but daddy smacked it.
'Naughty girl, you leave yourself alone.'
Sophie looked at daddy, tears in her eyes, she needed to relieve the pressure building up inside of her.
'But daddy.'
Sophie was so desperate, she closed her legs tight hoping that the inside of her nappy would somehow touch her hot, wet pussy. Daddy saw this and pulled her legs apart, she moaned again. Daddy had a hand on each of Sophies knees, he looked into her eyes and slowly started sliding his hands up her thighs, he got closer to her nappy and touched the front of it pushing hard. Sophie moaned in pleasure as daddy began to massage the front of her nappy, it felt so good. Daddy spent a few minutes massaging her nappy then suddenly he stopped.
'Daddy why have you stopped?'
Daddy looked at Sophie and winked, he bent over the changing table and kissed her deeply, his hand once again on the front of her nappy. Daddy slid his hand over the nappy and towards the waistband, then he slid his hand under the waistband and inside the nappy. Daddy finished kissing Sophie and put her dummy back in her mouth. His hand now inside Sophies nappy daddy was rubbing her pussy. Sophie was moaning in pleasure as he rubbed, he was using his finger to play with her clitoris. Sophie was so hot inside the nappy, her breath shortened and her body tensed, she was about to explode. Sophie screamed loudly as she cum hard in her nappy, her body shaking all over. Daddy removed his hand from Sophies nappy, he once again removed her dummy and kissed her, then he left the room leaving Sophie to get over the climax she had just experienced.
Sophie was still feeling the effects of the climax when daddy returned.
'Right then baby shall we get you some breakfast?'
Daddy picked Sophie up and carried her back downstairs to the kitchen, he sat her on a chair and told her to wait. Sophie watched as daddy went over to a door and pulled it open, she couldn't see what he was doing until the door closed and daddy was standing there with an adult sized highchair.
'Oh daddy that is brilliant.'
Daddy brought the highchair over to the table and lifted the front of it, he then picked Sophie off the chair and placed her into the highchair strapping her in and lowering the front again. Sophie was in heaven, everything she wanted daddy seemed to have ready for her, she was watching him prepare breakfast.
Daddy placed a bowl of Weetabix in front of Sophie.
'Is my baby going to feed herself?'
Sophie nodded and daddy tied a huge bib around her neck and handed her a spoon, she began to feed herself the warm Weetabix. Daddy watched as Sophie was making a mess of herself, the Weetabix all round her face and on the bib. Sophie was really enjoying herself.
'What a messy baby you are.'
Sophie looked up, Jenny was standing in the doorway.
'Jenny, where have you been?'
Jenny smiled at Sophie and walked over, she collected a cloth from the sink on the way over and proceeded to wipe Sophies face. All finished she kissed Sophie on the forehead and wished her a good morning.
'Where is your nappy Jen?'
'Well Soph, there is something I need to tell you.'
Jenny went on to explain the previous nights events and how she didn't want to be a baby. Jenny was telling Sophie about Paul and how Phil had helped her to realise what she was.
'That's fine Jen but I do have one question.'
'Go ahead baby girl.'
'Who is Phil?'
Jenny laughed remembering that Phil wouldn't tell them his name when they were babies.
'Oh, err, Phil is your daddies name Soph.'
'Is it? I like it.'
Jenny carried on explaining about her situation and told Sophie that she would help daddy take care of her.
'Wow, so now I have a mummy and a daddy.'
Sophie was so excited. Jenny explained that she would help daddy look after her but Sophie would now have to call Jenny mummy and not by her name. Sophie agreed still very much excited about having a mummy and a daddy.
For the rest of the morning Jenny took care of Sophie while daddy caught up on some much needed sleep. Jenny played games with Sophie, changed her nappies and fed her bottles. They watched cartoons on TV and drew pictures. It was during the picture drawing that Jenny wanted to speak to Sophie friend to friend.
'Soph, can I talk to you as a friend?'
'Sure Jen, fire away.'
Jenny explained to Sophie about Paul, the man she had been speaking to the night before online. Jenny had fallen for him in a pretty big way, she especially liked the fact that Paul was also a baby.
'I think I've got a crush on him Soph.'
'Good for you Jen.'
'Only you've got your wish, I really want to have mine.'
'What do you mean Jen?'
'Well, I want to meet Paul and if all goes well I really want to be his mummy.'
'Jenny that is great.'
Sophie was happy for her friend, Jenny hadn't had a boyfriend for ages, and she never could seem to find a decent man.
'I just need to meet him now.'
'Well Jenny why don't you ask Phil to help you out?'
'That's a great idea Soph. I'll do that.'
Jenny was glad of the chat and started to think of how she was going to get Paul.
'Um Jenny.'
'Yes Soph.'
'I err need my nappy changing.'
'Well then you had better ask me properly.'
'Mummy, I'm all wet can you change my nappy?'
'Ok baby, give me your hand.'
Sophie gave Jenny her hand and was led upstairs to the nursery. Sophie had to get herself on the changing table as Jenny couldn't lift her up like Phil could. Jenny seemed pretty good at changing nappies, she done it almost as quickly as Phil. When the nappy change was done Jenny helped Sophie back down and took her to the playpen.
'Now then baby, you stay in here and play whilst mummy goes and does some cleaning.'
'Ok mummy.'
Sophie started playing with the toys in the playpen, Jenny turned on the TV in the corner switching on a Winnie the Pooh video, she then left the room turning on the baby monitor as she went. Sophie started to watch the TV sucking contently on her dummy.
Jenny went back downstairs to the kitchen and cleaned away the breakfast dishes, she had just put the kettle on when Phil came in.
'Oh hi Phil. Do you want a cup of tea?'
'Yes go on I'll have one, thanks.'
Jenny made 2 cups of tea and sat down at the table with Phil.
'Thanks for last night Phil, I'm sorry I was in such a state.'
'Don't worry about it. How is Sophie?'
'Sophie is fine, she is watching Winnie The Pooh in the playpen.'
'That's good. How are you feeling?'
'I'm fine. There is something I wanted to talk with you about.'
'What is it?'
Jenny took a sip of her tea and then explained to Phil how she had been thinking about Paul.
'Well Jenny, I think he feels the same way. In fact I know he has been looking for a mummy for a while.'
'He has? Do you think that I could meet up with him?'
'Well we have been meaning to meet up for a while so I could invite him here and you could meet him then.'
Jenny was excited about the idea. Phil told her that he would get right on it.
After his breakfast, Phil went to get dressed then went and
switched on his computer. Paul was not online at the time so he sent
him an e-mail.
Alright mate,
Good news, Jenny wants to meet up with you! If you are still coming to England next month then you can visit me here and meet her then. Let me know if you are interested (like you won't be).
Later mate
Phil told Jenny that Paul was not online but she was welcome to go on the computer and wait if she wanted, he was going to see his baby girl. Jenny went to the computer and went on a few of the sites that Phil had told her about. In the meantime Phil went upstairs to the nursery.
Phil opened the nursery door and saw Sophie sitting there mesmerised by the TV, in fact she hadn't even noticed that he had come into the room.
'Hello my little baby girl.'
Sophie snapped out of her trance and turned to see her daddy, she smiled a beautiful smile.
'Hewwo daddy.'
Sophie was excited to see her daddy that she forgot to take her dummy out of her mouth when she spoke. Daddy walked over to the playpen and picked Sophie up, he gave her a big cuddle and a kiss.
'Has my baby been good for mummy?'
Sophie nodded her head. Daddy walked over to the rocking chair and sat down with Sophie curled up on his knee. He looked down at her and smiled to himself, she looked so cute, not to mention how gorgeous she was. Daddy was rocking the chair back and forth, it was making Sophie very sleepy, daddy could see her eyes dropping.
'Is my baby tired?'
Sophie shook her head but daddy knew that she was not far off a nap. He continued to rock the chair back and forth watching his baby falling into a peaceful sleep. Carefully daddy picked Sophie up and carried her back to the crib, kissed her forehead and left the room. Sophie heard the door close and turned over, she was thinking of the past few days and felt so happy, she felt her nappy getting wet as she drifted into a deep sleep.
Daddy was back downstairs and could see Jenny tapping away at the keyboard.
'Paul online then?'
'Yes he is.'
'Well is he going to come and see you?'
'He said he would yes, you don't mind him coming here do you?'
'No not at all, I wouldn't have said otherwise.'
Jenny smiled at Phil and continued to type. With Jenny busy and
Sophie asleep Phil got himself down to some work, he was in the
middle of decorating the hallway.
A month had passed, Sophie and Jenny had given up their flat, they had both moved in with Phil. Jenny was sleeping in an old camp bed in the nursery while Sophie was in daddies bed most of the time. It was quickly approaching the day when Paul was due over to meet his new mummy, Jenny was getting very excited.
Over the past month Jenny had been wearing a nappy quite a bit, she was enjoying wetting but didn't like messing. Sophie in the meantime had now been in nappies full time for over 2 months, she was enjoying them so much. Phil was very happy with having both girls in his home, when he was in work Jenny would take care of Sophie as the both of them were still off from university. Daddy would get Sophie up before he went to work, change her nappy and put her in the playpen. Jenny would then take care of her breakfast and see to her through the day. Every evening when daddy returned from work he would give his baby a kiss then change her normally very wet nappy. Jenny would make the dinner and afterwards daddy would bath his baby girl. Occasionally they would all go out to the pub, it was one of the few times when Sophie was a big girl although she still had to wear her nappies because she was still wetting. The fact of the matter was is that Sophie wasn't really interested in becoming in control of her bladder anymore, she liked her nappies too much. Jenny would also wear a nappy most of the time when they were out and got some funny looks when lads tried to feel her bum. The three of them were getting on really well.
Paul was due to visit in 2 days and Jenny was getting very excited, she had prepared a few things that she would need, it was decided that Paul would sleep in the nursery with Jenny looking after him whilst Sophie would sleep with daddy in his bed, she liked that better anyway.
'So Jenny what have you got planned for Paul?'
Jenny had been getting on really well online with Paul they
seemed to talk non-stop, even on the phone, they could be there for
hours. Paul was also looking forward to meeting his new mummy. Jenny
was planning to completely baby him for the few days that he was
there. It still seemed so far away.
There was no such wait for Sophie though, her baby fantasies were being lived out every day. Sophie was enjoying being a baby especially having a daddy. She enjoyed bath times with daddy, he would run her a nice warm bubble bath and then undress her, he would then wrap her in a towel and carry her to the waiting water. Daddy would wash his baby well and let her play with the toys for a while. He would leave her for 10 minutes to play whilst he got her things ready. Daddy would let the water out and take his baby out of the bath and into the huge fluffy towel to get dried. Next he would take her back to the changing table and massage baby oil into her skin which now was very soft. He would powder her well before putting her into a nice clean nappy. Recently Sophie had just been wearing a nappy and a t-shirt for bed as the weather was quite hot. Bed times were also something that Sophie was really enjoying, she would stay up really late with daddy sometimes as late as 11pm. Daddy would carry her to bed and she would fall asleep in his arms sucking on her dummy. The whole experience was still turning Sophie on so much and many times daddies hands would be inside her nappy whilst he took care of her big girl urges.
With less than a day to go until Paul arrived Jenny was hyper, she couldn't stay still. Jenny was cleaning the house and moving furniture around in the nursery.
'Jenny will you please stop and sit still for 5 minutes.'
Phil had had enough of the constant moving around.
'But I can't I'm too excited.'
Jenny wouldn't stay still.
'Right, I'm doing this for your own good.'
Phil stood up and grabbed Jenny, he picked her up and took her to the nursery.
'What are you doing?'
'Well seems as you can't seem to sit still for more than a minute, you are going to be put in the crib so you can't get out. Then at least you will be still or in one place at least.'
Jenny protested but knew in was useless, Phil proceeded to place her in a nappy and put mittens on her hands, he then took her to the crib and put the sides right up, there was to be no escape for Jenny. Phil placed a dummy into Jennys mouth and left the room making sure the baby monitor was switched off. Jenny looked at the high bars on the crib knowing that she wouldn't be able to get out, she began to cry a little but understood why Phil had done this to her. After a while Jenny lay down and slowly drifted to sleep.
'Jenny. . .. . ..Jenny wake up.'
Jenny slowly opened her eyes seeing Phil looking down at her.
'Come on I will let you out now.'
Jenny smiled as Phil lowered the side of the crib and took off the mittens from Jennys hands.
'There you go, now you can do whatever you want as long as you are not going to go hyper again.'
Jenny jumped up from the crib and went to the changing table, she felt the inside of her nappy which was a little damp so she decided to leave it on for a while. She went downstairs to see it had been cleaned up real nice, not only that but a man was sitting in one of the chairs drinking tea.
Jenny looked once then looked again. It was Paul. She flew over to the other side of the room and virtually rugby tackled Paul as he stood up to meet her.
'You're not meant to be here until tomorrow.'
'Well me and DC thought we'd surprise you.'
Jenny was over the moon, it was the best surprise that she had ever had. Sophie was crying in the corner seeing her friend so happy. Together the four of them sat down, Sophie was on her daddies knee and Paul was on his brand new mummies knee. They chatted for a while about different things all of them getting on well.
After a little while Paul whispered into Jennys ear.
'Mummy I'm wet, can you change me?'
Jennys heart skipped a beat, she was about to change her new babies nappy for the very first time. She told him to stand up and took him by the hand leading him up to the nursery. When they had left the room Sophie was talking to her daddy.
'Did you see the look on Jennys face when she saw Paul?'
'Yes baby I did, I knew she would be made up.'
'I am so happy for Jenny now she has somebody and I have somebody as well.'
'How is your nappy? Do you need a change?' Daddy put his finger inside Sophies nappy, she was wet but it would wait.
Meanwhile in the nursery Paul was getting his nappy expertly changed by a very happy Jenny. She was so gentle with him like he really was a delicate little baby. Paul was also very happy and it showed when Jenny took his nappy down.
'It looks like my baby is a happy boy.'
Paul just nodded and smiled behind the dummy he had in his mouth. Jenny thought about it and then gave him the best hand-job he had ever experienced. When she had finished Jenny casually cleaned him up and taped his nappy shut kissing him saying nothing about what had just happened. They both went back downstairs both of them beaming from ear to ear.
'Well it looks like you two are getting on.'
Paul just smiled at Phil. They all sat back down and continued to talk. That night Paul slept in a crib under the watchful eyes of his adoring mummy, he was so happy.
For the next few days of Pauls visit both he and Jenny were rarely seen outside of the nursery. They were really enjoying talking with each other and their new found roles. On the evening before Paul was due to leave for Ireland he spoke with Jenny.
'Jenny I want to ask you something very important.'
'You can ask me anything Paul you know that.'
'Well I've been thinking about our relationship and I really want it to continue.'
'So do I Paul, I really like you a lot, but it is going to be hard with us being so far apart.'
'Well that is what I wanted to say, I want you to come back with me.'
Jenny was taken aback, did he really mean it? Could she do it if he did? What about university?
'Paul, I'd love to but what about my life here?'
'Well I've been thinking of selling my house and then trying to move over here. We would only be back for a month or so whilst I find a buyer then we can move back to England and get a place of our own.'
Jenny thought about what Paul had just said, it did make sense, university didn't start up again for a few months so it could be like a holiday.
'Ok Paul. I'll do it.'
Paul made the biggest smile Jenny had ever seen, he hugged and kissed her.
'Brilliant Jen you won't regret it.'
'I'm sure I won't baby, I've got to tell Sophie though.'
Jenny was dreading the moment when she would have to tell her best friend of 16 years that she was moving away, even if it was just for a short time. Sophie and Jenny had not been apart for more that a week in those 16 years, it was going to be tough. Jenny prepared herself for the moment rehearsing the words in her head over and over. Satisfied that she had all the right words she went to find Sophie.
Sophie was downstairs watching TV, she was sitting on the floor wearing nothing but her nappy and a t-shirt that had Piglet on the front.
'Soph. Can I talk with you a minute? You know friend to friend.'
Sophie took her dummy out of her mouth and went and sat next to Jenny on the sofa.
'What's up Jen?'
'Well Soph, me and Paul have been getting on really well these last few days and you know he is going back home tomorrow.'
'Yes, that is a shame Jen, you seem so happy with him.'
'Well Soph, he has asked me to go with him.'
Sophie looked at her friend on the verge of tears as she spoke.
'What did you say Jen?' Sophies own eyes were beginning to well up.
'I said yes.'
Sophie looked at her best friend of 16 years telling her that they were going to be apart. Sophie couldn't hold it back any longer and burst into tears, one look at her by Jenny and she to started crying.
'Don't worry Soph I'll be back in about a month.'
Sophie looked at her friend, she was so upset. Sophie held her arms out and they both collapsed into each others arms. Both the girls were crying, their shoulders moving up and down.
'You will be back won't you Jen, you're not just saying it?'
'Of course I'll be back, Paul is going to sell his house and we are going to move back over here.'
'You make sure you do Jen, I need you.'
They were still crying in each others arms as Phil walked in from
the kitchen.
'Wow, what happened?'
Phil sat and listened as Jenny told him what was going to happen, Sophie was on his knee still crying, he gave her a huge hug.
'Don't worry baby, they will be back.'
Daddy wiped away Sophies tears and put her dummy in her mouth. Just then Paul walked in he saw the site in front of him.
'I take it Sophie knows now then.'
Paul went over to Jenny and sat next to her, he cuddled her and they all just sat in silence for a few minutes.
Phil broke the silence. 'Well mate I guess congratulations are in order.'
'Thanks mate.'
'You both deserve it.'
Sophie had stopped crying, she took her dummy out of her mouth.
'Yes you both do. Sorry for being so dramatic'
'Don't worry Soph, I will take good care of Jenny and we will both be back once I have sold my house.'
Sophie was starting to become a little more ok with the idea, she was settled down a lot now.
'You know you can both come back here when you have sold up. You can stay here while you find a house to buy.'
'Thanks Phil, we might have to do that.'
'Anyway, why are we all sitting here upset when we should be out enjoying our last night together.' Phil lightened up the atmosphere a little.
That night the four of them went to the local pub and enjoyed there last night together, Phil was the only one of them not wearing a nappy. They all had a good time and returned back to the house just after 1am. Jenny and Paul went to the nursery and Phil and Sophie to his room. They all went to sleep.
The next morning Sophie was awake at 8am, she was thinking about Jenny leaving later that day, she got upset again. Her crying woke daddy up who instantly knew what she was thinking about and pulled her close to him.
'Don't worry baby, I'm staying with you.'
Sophie felt a little better with daddies arms around her.
Jenny and Paul were due to leave at 3pm their taxi was booked to the airport and they were all packed. They were all up and eating breakfast at 9am they ate in silence as if they were in mourning.
'Well Soph, I think you need a bath and a nappy change my baby.'
'Phil, would you mind if I done it?'
'Ok Jen go right ahead.'
Jenny got up and went upstairs, she ran the bath and got some things ready, then she went back downstairs for Sophie.
'Come on baby Sophie, let's get you sorted out.'
Jenny lifted up the front of the high chair and unbuckled Sophie. Jenny then led Sophie upstairs. In the nursery Jenny undressed Sophie and wrapped her in a towel then led her to the bathroom.
'Here we go baby, you get yourself in the bath and mummy will wash you.'
Sophie got herself in the bath and picked up her rubber duck.
'Soph, I'm going to miss you so much.'
'Don't Jen you will have me crying again.' They both laughed.
'I really am going to miss you though.'
'I'm going to miss you as well Jen but it won't be for long. Promise me you will phone as much as you can.'
'I will Soph. I will call everyday if I can.'
The pair of them reminisced about times past, laughing and joking about some of the things they had got up to. They each talked about how lucky they had been to meet nice guys and to be in the position they were now.
'Well I suppose we better get you washed and put back into your nappies.'
Jenny took the flannel and washed Sophie, she got her all clean and than let out the water. Jenny took Sophie back to the changing table and put her back into her nappies. They then went downstairs.
That last morning with all of them together was a sombre affair, the atmosphere would lift but then get sad again. Three o'clock was approaching fast, soon they would all have to say goodbye. They were all talking about what they were going to do the next time they were together when they heard a beep outside.
'Well that is out taxi Jenny.'
Sophie and Jenny looked into each others eyes, a sad look across each of their faces. Paul stood up and shook Phils hand.
'Thanks for everything mate.'
'No problems, you two have a safe journey.'
Phil and Paul carried the bags to the taxi leaving Sophie and Jenny alone in the living room.
'Good luck Jen.'
'And you Soph.'
'Stay in touch.'
'I will.'
'I love you Jen.'
'I love you Soph.'
They were now both hugging each other and sobbing.
'Come on Jen or we will be late.'
Sophie followed Jenny to the door, they once again hugged each other, Jenny gave Phil a kiss on the cheek.
'You take good care of her now.'
'I will Jen, good luck girl.'
With that Jenny got into the taxi and closed the door. Once again Sophie and Jenny looked into each others eyes. The taxi starts to move Sophie was crying and so was Jenny. Jenny waved, Sophie waved back as she watched her best friend in the world disappear down the street.
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The Humans Tia and her twin sister Ghia were born on Bestine IV and joined the Rebellion to fight the Galactic Empire.
They were both extremely skilled pilots, and they were a great acquisition to the Rebellion. Around 2 ABY, she and Ghia met the newly joined smuggler Han Solo and they fell both in love with the charming ace. Therefore, they were devastated when they heard that Solo was captured by the Empire and delivered to Jabba the Hutt by Boba Fett. Determined to rescue Solo, they stole a snowspeeder and abandoned the Rebellion to rescue him from Jabba, but were captured and enslaved. During their enslavement they were forced to wear skimpy slave outfits very similar to Princess Leia's. They were also forced to feed and massage him. When Jabba found out that she and her sister were Rebel pilots, he let them fight in his "Demolition" games. Now that they were fighting for the Hutt, Jabba appointed Oola as his personal masseuse.
During these Demolition Games, it is unknown what the fate of the twins were. Records were lost along with Jabba Desilijic Tiure's criminal empire. It is rumored that either the two were freed with the help of Princess Leia Organa disguised as Boushh or alternatively doomed to remain as slaves.
- Star Wars: Demolition (First appearance)
- The Complete Star Wars Encyclopedia (See Ghia and Tia)


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Easy Microwave Chocolate Cake Recipe
Eggless Chocolate Brownie Recipe
Chocolate Brownie Recipe
Kahlua Chocolate Mousse Recipe
Chocolate Truffle Tartlet Recipe
Ingredients for the pastry
- 1 Cup all purpose flour maida
- 60 g unsalted butter chilled and cubed
- ¼ Cup ice cold water
- 1 tsp salt
Ingredients for the filling
- 90 g semi sweet chocolate
- 50 g butter
- 4 tbsp castor sugar
- 1 large egg
- ¼ cup heavy cream
- 1 tsp vanilla extract
- To make the crust, sift flour and salt in a bowl. Mix in chilled butter and using your fingertips mix until the dough resembles coarse breadcrumbs.
- Now adding a tsp of chilled water at a time bind the dough together. Do not add all the water at a time, this might make dough soft. We need firm, smooth dough.
- Once dough comes together do not knead it too much, else butter will start melting.
- Wrap the dough with cling foil and refrigerate for at least 30 minutes before rolling, this can be done one or two days before as well.
- While preparing filling, bring out the dough from the fridge and keep at room temperature.
- Preheat the oven at 180 degree celsius. Grease 6 mini tartlet moulds with butter.
- Divide the crust dough into 6 equal portions. Roll out each portion into a ½ inch thick and 5 inch round on a lightly dusted floured surface.
- Line your mini tart dishes with the pastry, trim of the excess dough from the edges, prick the centre with a fork and put in fridge for 15 minutes.
- After 15 minutes line tart shells with foil paper, fill with dry beans/pie weights. Bake the pastry for 20 minutes. This stage is called blind baking, once baked set aside to cool down.
- To prepare the filling, chop chocolate into chunks.
- In a clean and dry bowl whip the cream to soft peaks. Add egg and beat for another 1 – 2 minutes.
- In a double boiler melt chocolate and butter, stirring frequently until smooth.
- Add sugar and vanilla to the chocolate mixture, stir until sugar is dissolved. Turn off the gas.
- Add spoonful of warm chocolate mixture into egg and cream, stir nicely.
- Now add egg mixture into melted chocolate and keep on stirring with wire whisk until all combined well.
- Pour warm chocolate filling into cooled tart shells. Bake at 180 degree celsius for 20 minutes or until filling is set but center still jiggles.
- Cool on a wire rack and chill for about 3 – 4 hours in refrigerator.
- Serve with fresh berries and whipped cream.


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Public Policy Agenda
This Public Policy Agenda is driven by results from the Greenville Chamber's membership-wide survey of our 2100+ Investors, input from the Chamber's Legislative Issues Committee, and additional input and approval by the Chamber's Board of Directors. It reflects the Greenville business community's legislative priorities for 2018.
2019 Legislative Agenda
2018 Legislative Report
See how your elected officials voted on issues that matter to business.


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In September 2016, Hero FinCorp had raised about Rs 1,000 crore in the first round from investors, including ChrysCapital. The PE firm and financial services firm Credit Suisse had invested around Rs 700 crore in the company, while about Rs 300 crore was invested by its parent, Hero Group.
"Hero Fin-Corp has sent out feelers to ChrysCapital for the second round of investment. The deal is in an initial stage," said a person close to the development.
The second round of fund-raising is towards the company's plans for expansion and buying stake in other NBFCs, another person in the know said.
"It makes perfect sense for Hero FinCorp to sell some stake at this point in time. The only problem is valuations; the sellers have quite high expectations," said another person in the know.
Also Read: Hero MotoCorp registers gross turnover of Rs8612.9 cr during Q1FY18
According to the person quoted above, ChrysCapital has a pre-packaged arrangement with Hero FinCorp and the range of valuations at which future deals could be done is already decided. "Promoters also have very good relations with three major multinational PE firms. The company can approach more investors going ahead," he said. An email query sent to Hero FinCorp and ChrysCapital on did not get any response.
Hero FinCorp, which employs about 2,500 people, has a loan book of Rs 8,000 crore, and is looking to expand this to about Rs 35,000 crore within three years.


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Advances in Food Texture: Cereal Straws
Um, I'm not really sure what the hell these things are, but the tot will eat them now, so that's something.
HOO-fricking-RAY! I think.
Yes, they really work as straws. They're kind of short, though, so you don't want to start munching on them until you're done using it to drink your milk*. If you do, it'll be too short, you'll be out of a straw, and the purpose (assuming it's actually drinking the milk and not acting-like-you-want-milk-so-you-can-eat-the-straw) would be utterly defeated.
*Milk not included.
The tot does not use them to drink milk yet, and that doesn't seem close on the horizon. (That's fine. She can use a regular straw.) However, she will blow through them and look through them, and that kind of food play counts in the success/progression column.
As for texture/food group, I guess they are, well, I think they're, I don't know – mixed texture, for sure. They have a strong Frooot Looop smell, but they all have the same blended Frooot-Looop flavor. The straw is made up of flaky Frooot-Looop-flavored cereal stuff. It is lined with some kind of pressed powdered sugar that keeps the straw from getting soggy in your milk. When you bite into one, you get the immediate sensation of "hard food," followed by "flaky bits breaking," followed by "crunchy bits mixing with softer stuff inside."
It's a strange food.
It took her seeing and playing with an entire box's worth plus two before the tot asked me if she could have the one I was eating. When she hit that last texture sensation, I could see the distress rising in her eyes, so I said, "Crunchy! Crunchy! You have to crunch it!" She resumed chewing and has been fine with them ever since.
Probably if you are not an all-things-Frooot-Looop-addict, you don't need to buy them. If you are on the fence about them at all, don't be talked into getting them. They aren't that great and as far as junk food goes, there are so many better ones out there.


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I was saved as a young boy while we were attending a Baptist Church. I came under conviction and realized that I was a sinner and headed for hell unless I accepted the payment that Jesus made on the cross. My mother reaffirmed what I had learned in church about Christ's death, burial and resurrection. She told me if I asked Christ to forgive me of my wicked sin and to save me that He would. I bowed my head and in simple, child like faith told God that I was sorry for my sin, and asked Him to forgive me of my sin.
I went to Church for some years with my parents until they stopped going. After many years of not being in Church, as a teenager I began to live a worldly life. I began hanging around with the wrong crowd and that influenced my life negatively for many years. After many years God chastened my parents, and this brought them back into Church. They began praying for me, and in a matter of eight months God began to chastise me also. I started attending services here and there and felt the need to make a decision to either quit going to Church and having a preacher tell me how all the things I was doing were wicked and wrong, or I needed to stop living the wicked life I was living. One night in 2000, I made the decision to forsake the way I was living and the next morning in prayer I got my heart right with God, and cleaned house.
At that time I was in a relationship with Nickole. She had been coming to Church with me, and one Wednesday night, after raising her hand that she was not sure she would go to Heaven, she was lead to the Lord by the pastor's wife. That was in September of 2000. Soon after her salvation we felt it to be the will of God for us to be joined together in marriage. On July 14, 2001 we were joined in marriage at the Bible Baptist Church of Owosso.
In the next few months, as I prayed and read my Bible, God led my wife and I to Parker Memorial Baptist Church, where we started attending the Lansing Baptist Bible Institute. For the next four years, while going to school, I became involved in many aspects of the ministry at PMBC.
After attending the Bible Institute and seeking God's will, on June 13, 2004, in a preaching service, God placed His stamp of approval on my life to preach and to serve Him full time with my life. My life's desire was to preach, and I got the assurance and confirmation that it was what God wanted me to do.
Shortly after that, God began burdening my heart about a ministry that was already at PMBC, a Bible Publishing ministry. As I began asking questions, and seeking God's will everything was leading me that way. I counseled with my pastor about working in the ministry here and he told me that he had been waiting for me to see the burden and get involved. That sealed it in my heart. On October 20, 2004, we had a commissioning service and my Local Church commissioned me to be a Bearing Precious Seed missionary. I was sent out under the authority of PMBC. We have served there full time since that date.
While visiting to fill the pulpit at Wolverine Baptist Church on December 20th, 2015, the Lord placed a burden on my heart to go and help this Church. I started feeling a desire in my heart to fulfill the need of a pastor. Up to this point in the ministry I have not been seeking to be a pastor. I have had peace with working in my Local Church as a missionary printer and youth director. But, as I prepared to go preach and while I was at Wolverine Baptist, I felt God pulling on my heart for the Church family, and the need they had of a pastor. After much prayer, seeking God's will and council with my pastors we came and candidated at WBC. On February 21, 2016 I preached and the WBC voted us to become their pastor. We are looking forward to serving here in Wolverine MI with our Church family!


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Hook for Slatwall, available in 2", 4" or 6".
10 hooks per pack
10 hooks per pack
Product Description
Our Versatile medium duty slatwall hooks can hold a variety of items from hand saws to jackets. Store and organize all your hand tools, folding chairs, helmets, racquets and more. Easily move hooks around on your slatwall system as your needs change and create custom storage solutions to meet your needs.
Product dimension:
6" Long X 7/ 8 Wide 3" tall
Weight: 2.6 oz.
Load rating 15 lbs


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It is pointed out that multiple intelligence is one of the greatest factors in making the child learns. Thus, diversity of learners comes to being. So as with different learning style model to handle different types of learners, too.
When the teacher is able to determine the different behavioral of her pupils, appropriate teaching strategy may be employed. For example, the teacher has observed that one of his pupils has a good command of words. There is a possibility that this pupil could be a good writer. Who knows he could be one of the top essay writers in the making.
Multiple Intelligence
Howard Garner (1983), an authority on multiple intelligence defines intelligence as "the ability to solve problems or to create products, that are valued within one or more cultural settings."
It is how you use your intelligence that makes you being smart.
My teachers in their second day of in-service training tackled the different types of learners, their nature, their behaviors and on how they should be taught based on their manifest tendency to behave.
Ms. Ofelia N. Ayungon, a relief teacher reported the 8 types of people according to their major of interest or intelligence as pointed out by Garner.
These intelligences are classified as linguistic intelligence, spatial intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, logical-mathematic intelligence, musical intelligence, and naturalist intelligence.
The school principal evaluated the teachers and he came up with the following group of intelligence after the teachers answered the survey questions on how or what they are good at.
Eighty-five percent of the teachers manifested the interpersonal intelligence. They are good in leading meetings and games. They help their friends. They are good listeners to other people's problems and they have lots of friends. In short, they are good with people. They are "people smart".
Twenty-five percen of them apparently displayed the two traits of music-mindedness and lover of nature. They love to sing and they learn about nature.
As their output for this 2nd day of training, they had come up with a new socio-metric of their respective pupils according to the highest manifestation of "smart" traits theory of Gardner like word smart, logic smart, picture smart, body smart, music smart, people smart, self smart, and nature smart.
1. Navigators, artists, architects, web-page designers, engineers, researchers, mechanics, builders, decorators
2. Botanists, zoologists, landscapers, farmers, hunters, chefs
3. Teachers, lawyers, psychologists, preachers, salespeople, politicians, advertisers, entertainers
4. Musicians, music critics, aerobics instructors, dancers, poets
5. Writers, journalists, editors, students
6. Scientists, engineers, mathematicians, doctors, accountants, contractors
7. Athletes, carpenters, crafters, potters, tailors, physical and occupational therapists, yoga teachers, inventors
What about you? Do you have any idea?


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November 15th, 2016
Ahoy there Buccaneers!
We've added in two new forms of payment for product from us, Money Orders and Direct Link Wire Transfers from your bank to ours are now active!
As of Nov 16th 12:00AM MST we updated and is now reflected with this on our stores featured item page.
If you would like to order something via a money order or direct link transfer please make up a list of products you're looking for and then let us know before you are ready to pay and we'll send information regarding either to you so that you can send payment our way and after it's accepted we'll ship to your location desired!
Hope you're all having a wonderful week so far, We've also decided to release a 15% off all orders coupon until December as we have new stock coming in all the way until the end of the month and on so we're gonna do our best with the other things we have lots of now to try and help everyone out until the big chests of booty arrive!
Take care for now and Sail Swiftly;
Create, Cosplay, Conquer
Unparalleled Payment Options #Piratesarefree
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October 2018


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