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Welcome to Larry Stewart's Auto Sales. We are a family owned local business providing quality used vehicles at the lowest possible prices. Be sure to visit our virtual showroom of inventory available for purchase. There you will see detailed information about each vehicle, a picture gallery, as well as convenient ways to contact us for more information about that vehicle. We are located at 53 Lisbon Rd and are available by phone at 207-353-4133 . You can also get driving directions and hours of service from our user friendly website.
I hereby consent to receive text messages from or on behalf of dealer at the mobile phone number I provided above. I understand that I am opting in to receive text messages from dealer or their employees. I include consent to receive phone calls at the mobile phone number I provided. I understand that message and data rates may apply.


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View all hospital standard charges
in a machine-readable format
Current Standard Charges
Note that as of January 1, 2019, the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services are requiring hospitals to post their "current standard charges."
Standard charges are the amounts a hospital bills patients and/or insurance companies for the services and procedures performed. However for most patients, hospitals are paid at a level well below standard charges.
Patients covered by commercial insurance companies have negotiated payment rates with hospitals. Patients covered by Medicare or Medicaid programs have payment rates determined by federal and state governments. Patients eligible for financial assistance will also receive lower rates than the standard charges. These payment rates are much lower than standard charges. In non-emergency situations, patients should contact their insurance company to understand the medical costs that they will be responsible to pay.
You can view a list of our current standard charges. However, please contact your insurance company or our Financial Counselors to understand your estimated medical costs.
For a price estimate, please call our Financial Counselors:
303-812-2655 – local
855-815-9990 – toll free

subset: commoncrawl


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Traversing the United States in an EV in a short time is possible and Edmunds.com's team has proven it at the wheel of a Tesla.
A team from Edmunds.com broke the cross-country speed record in an electric vehicle when driving from Redondo Beach, Calif. to New York, NY in a 2013 Tesla Model S.
The team did so in 67 hours and 21 minutes. The record-setting drive erased the previous record of 76 hours and 5 minutes set by a team of Tesla staffers.
Edmunds.com said Director of Vehicle Testing Dan Edmunds and Photo Editor Kurt Niebuhr completed the cross-country journey in less than three days while stopping at 23 Tesla Supercharger stations across the nation. And unlike Tesla's cross-country attempt, Edmunds.com's duo completed the journey on its own without the safety net of a trailing support staff.
Edmunds and Niebuhr documented here their full "reverse Cannonball Run."
"The key to breaking the record wasn't to drive fast; we had to drive smart," said Dan Edmunds. "Fast, aggressive driving will only succeed in sucking down an EV's battery. We had to drive responsibly to make sure we had enough juice to get from one charging station to the next. And we saved time by charging only a little more than what we figured was necessary to get to the next Supercharger."
The team said this cross-country sprint produced some other impressive eye-popping statistics:
- Total Distance: 3,331.9 miles
- Driving Time: 52 hours, 41 minutes
- Average Driving Speed: 63.2 mph
- Total Supercharger Plug-In Time: 14 hours, 40 minutes
- Average Supercharger Plug-in Time: 38.3 minutes
- Number of Other Stops: 0
- Total Energy Consumption: 1.06 Megawatt-hours
- Total Fuel Cost: $0 (thanks to Tesla's free superchargers, available to all Tesla owners)
Upon arriving in New York, Edmunds.com's team turned around to head back to Southern California the very next day. Even with a less ambitious return strategy, Edmunds and Niebuhr managed to complete the round-trip adventure in less than a week: 6 days, 23 hours and 4 minutes, to be exact.
Edmunds.com stated the record-breaking trip was the signature moment for its 2013 Model S, which has been one of the most popular vehicles in the history of the company's Long-Term Road Test fleet.


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America's Largest Supplier of Teardrop Trailer Parts
FAN20 # 4500 Maxx Fan Standard, 10 speed, intake/exhaust, hand held remote, Smoke cover, touchpad controls at ceiling,rain sensor, wall control capable, includes garnish
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The vent cover features ez clip quick, easy tool free installation. The Cover simply fits over the molded, waterproof mounting tabs included on the big breeze standard. Simply slide the clip through the tab to secure the fanmate cover.
Available in white, smoked (hardware with clips included for mounting on other fan models)
Price $50.00
FAN 19 # 4050 MaxxFan Standard, 10 speed, thermostat, intake/exhaust, manual knob, touchpad controls at ceiling, smoke lid, include garnish
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Price $99.95
Option: Vent Cover, you can keep your fan open while it rains
FAN21 Maxx-Fan Deluxe, # 7500 10 speed, intake/exhaust, hand held remote, Smoke Lid, touchpad controls at ceiling, includes garnish built in rain cover, thermostat to control room temperature. Fan runs with lid closed to circulate air (ceiling mode fan), twin lifting arms.
No more lid fluttering in high winds or when driving.
Features a powerful, fuse protected, long life sealed ball bearing, 12v fan motor and a 12 inch-10 blade fan. Flush mounted, easy to clean keypad. Fits roof size 14" x 14"
Price $234.50
Vintage Technologies © 2013 All Rights Reserved


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It's disappointing to walk to and from work today past all the stores that are closed for the Easter Monday holiday... A lot of people have today off, but not us.
My family in Canada has built a tradition of having a special meal at my parents' house for Easter. But it's the Easters I spent in Australia that are the most memorable for me. My Aussie Easters were all spent with my mum's family in her hometown of Castlemaine. Easter seems to be so much more of a big deal in Australia than in Canada. There's a longer holiday and there are lots of special events on. We would always end up at the Maldon Easter Fair, because my uncle would be playing his bag pipes in the parade. The Maldon Easter Bonnet Parade was a chance for local small town kiddies to dress up in costumes and be famous for a day. Good fun!
Above: Easter Bonnet Parade of 1986 (click to see a larger picture). In the left photo is my cousin Ben dressed as a bunny, cousin Cameron as Inspector Gadget and my brother Ewan in cowboy costume. In the right photo, you'll see me (age 8) lined up with the other kids. My costume is 'Victorian lady' which was made up of antique family heirlooms. I remember very clearly the struggle to walk the parade route in the long skirt and the wide hat...
Another memorable image I have from Aussie Easters are beautifully foiled chocolate eggs and chocolate bandicoots (not bunnies because bunnies are not native animals!). Yummy.
Monday, April 09, 2007
tags: Australia
4 comments :
- Netts said...
cute as a button!
- 9/4/07 22:23
- Sluttony said...
sorry babe, but your cousin bunny is somewhat obscene, he needs a little more, ahem, "leg" room...
- 9/4/07 22:39
- Andrea said...
I was hoping no one would notice Ben's snug outfit...
- 9/4/07 23:13
- bunnyhero said...
chocolate bandicoot!!
i only know of bandicoots because of the playstation game (crash bandicoot).
- 10/4/07 00:44
Subscribe to: Post Comments ( Atom )


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With a blend of the old and new, Telangana presents the perfect picture. Its attractions to domestic and foreign tourists include heritage monuments, nature and divine shrines. And in the past decade it has become known for its medical tourism with the advent of advance super-speciality medical technologies, as also for being MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences & Exhibitions) destination.
Considering all these and also as tourism is one of the largest provider of direct and indirect employment, successive Governments have leveraged the potential to the hilt. Since Telangana became a separate State in June 2014, the Telangana Rashtra Samithi Government has noticed the surge in arrivals - from 3.26 crore in 2005 to a whopping 9.46 crore by the end of 2015.
Pertinently, the State has managed to get the largest-ever chunks of Central assistance - Rs. 91.62 crore for a eco-tourism circuit, primarily in Mahabubnagar district and a tribal tourism circuit around Warangal district. The two circuits aim at showcasing the natural beauty of the State, its pristine forests, tiger and wildlife reserves, waterfalls, caves, rivers, reservoirs and ancient temples with focus on infrastructure development, increasing road connectivity, together with building ropeways, tourism cottages and boating facilities.
The Socio Economic Outlook 2016 unveiled on Monday with the slogan 'Reinventing Telangana - The Way Forward' makes specific mention of the eco-tourism circuit including Somasila riverside facilities, a tourist facilitation centre, lounge, water supply and public convenience system in Singotam, Akkamahadevi caves, 'Kadali Vanam' where trekking paths are available, the tiger sanctuary of Farahabad/Srisailam, 'Mallela Theertham' waterfalls and Umamaheswaram temple of Lord Shiva.
The tribal tourism circuit includes 'Mulugu Gattamma: The gateway to Medaram', Laknavaram lake that is an engineering marvel of the Kakatiya Kings, Medaram and Tadvai where 'Sammakka-Saralamma' are worshipped, the Mallur spring waters that are said to have healing properties, and a shrine of Lord Narasimha Swamy and the scenic Bogatha waterfalls in Khammam district.


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natural ecofriendly cloth and is used to increase vitality and a sense of well being, while transforming harmful contaminants including environmental pollution of all types, electromagnetic radiations and many other influences that may challenge the body each day.
It may also be used on the body to help with pain.
What Does It Transform and Make Less Harmful?
Transforming chemicals, pesticides, herbicides, additives, colors, dyes, phenols, toxins, preservatives, viruses, bacteria, radiation, xenoestrogens and harmful frequencies, stabilizers, metals, detergents, paints, varnishes, solvents, etc. Transforming almost anything it touches including food, water, skin care, make up, deodorant, toothpaste, shampoo, clothing, synthetic substances, cell phones, ear buds, electronics, minerals, vitamins, supplements and virtually anything you use it on.
- Place any food item, supplement, superfood, or anything you wish to tranform on the cloth for 5 to 7 seconds, OR put the cloth on top of the item.
- Remove your hands. Your body energy may interfere with the transformation process.


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HOUSTON, Oct 5 (Reuters) - Chesapeake Energy Corp said on Friday it has reached a settlement with the U.S. Department of Justice to resolve alleged violations of the federal Clean Water Act.
As part of the deal that still requires court approval, the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, company will pay a $600,000 fine.
The government said Chesapeake violated a section of the Clean Water Act when in 2008 it ordered the placement of gravel as part of a project to upgrade a road in West Virginia.
That road sometimes floods with waters that are under federal control, so Chesapeake needed a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to do the work.
Chesapeake has since removed the gravel and restored the site, it said.
(Reporting By Anna Driver)
((email@example.com)(713 210 8509)(Reuters Messaging: firstname.lastname@example.com@reuters.net))
Keywords: CHESAPEAKE FINE/


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For those of us committed to ending congestion, the latest Inrix and TomTom reports make depressing reading. In the TomTom report, out of 189 cities just 13 cities had congestion improving versus 146 getting worse. The Inrix report also showed a significant worsening of congestion. Worse, all of the future projections for traffic congestion around the world show it getting significantly worse. Quite simply, we are losing the battle against congestion.
The traditional recommendations from experts such as congestion charges, toll roads or road pricing, almost always lack community support and as a consequence political support. The answer from some quarters is for politicians to be brave and show leadership. Given that currently no government in the world, even the non-democratic ones have implemented comprehensive road pricing despite lots of studies and recommendations, it is highly unlikely that any will be implementing road pricing anytime soon, if ever. So what is to be done?
Firstly, we need to focus on approaches that will solve congestion and win over communities. Political support will then follow. Clearways has been recognised by both the Wolfson Economics Prize and the Fast Company World Changing Ideas for just such an approach.
Road pricing never gains widespread community support because it tries to get people to use the roads more efficiently by forcing them onto a new system and sanctioning them, through increased taxes, to change their behaviour.
Clearways turn this thinking on its head. Reforms are at their best when they are focused on customers, improving both efficiency and services. Modern public transport ticketing systems are a great example, reducing both the costs of running the system whilst also dramatically improving the customer experience.
Clearways reduces congestion through an enhancement to ticketing systems and mobility accounts. Rather than a ticketing system covering just public transport services or mobility accounts that add in services such as UBER or car clubs, we open it up so that you can also (if you so choose) include your private vehicle.
Customers can opt into the new system by opting out of paying existing vehicles taxes such as registration or gas/fuel taxes. In exchange, people get their car connected to the cloud and are charged two rates per kilometre driven – one for peak time driving and one for off peak driving. Customers are guaranteed that they will not pay more than they would have done under the existing system. However, if customers change their behaviour in ways that reduce congestion such as retiming their journeys outside of the peak, remodeing onto public transport, using carpool options, reducing their travel altogether or rerouting their trips so that they have less impact on congestion then they can make substantial savings – hundreds of dollars a year.
This type of approach works quickly because we do not need to change everyone's driving habits. Small reductions (as little as 5%) in road usage can deliver dramatic improvements to traffic flow due to the nonlinear nature of traffic congestion. Discretionary journeys in the peaks often typically account for over 20% of all trips in cities across the world. Re-timing just a quarter of these journeys can have a big impact. Trials of just such an approach have been run in the Netherlands and proved very successful.
Our full scheme is also comprehensive, dealing with the forthcoming transport disruption created by electric and autonomous vehicles, increasing the proportion of vehicles on the scheme so that there is no induced demand problem whilst also making it fiscally neutral for governments.
Our approach works because it is popular with the public (a policy that reduces both the cost of living and congestion is a no-brainer) and it is good public policy. As a consequence, it more easily gains the support of decision makers.
How quickly can our approach be implemented? The technology and systems already exist. A rollout could begin in just a few months of being given the go-ahead.
More information can be found in our FAQs page


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If you haven't been living under a rock over the past few days, you may have heard that the final specs of Project Scorpio, Microsoft's next Xbox console have finally been revealed by Eurogamer last week. Just like what Microsoft promised back at E3 2016, the new console will deliver 6 teraflops of computing power thanks to a CPU with eight custom x86 cores, a GPU featuring 40 customised compute units and 12GB of GDDR memory.
Project Scorpio will the most powerful gaming console in the market when it launches later this year, but there is one detail that had yet to unveiled, which is how the hardware will interact with displays: today, Eurogamer revealed that Project Scorpio will support AMD's Freesync adaptative refresh technology as well as HDMI 2.1, the latest version of the audio/video interface that will be ratified in Q2 2017.
These new details definitely shows Microsoft's forward-looking approach with Project Scorpio's hardware. Adaptative synchronization technologies such as Nvidia' G-Sync or AMD's Freesync allow a GPU to control the display refresh rate, which reduces screen tearing and enable smooth, low-latency gameplay. "Microsoft has actually implemented the FreeSync 2 standard, meaning compatibility with HDR and full support across the range of potential frame-rates," explained Eurogamer. "Paired with a supported screen, this will even eliminate tearing on games running with adaptive v-sync with frame-rates under 30fps, something not supported on most FreeSync 1 screens."
According to the report, Freesync 2 support on Project Scorpio will benefit all Xbox games right out of the box:
What we can say is that Scorpio's adaptive sync support is baked in at the system level – the developer doesn't need to worry about it (though they could enable higher frame-rate caps for VRR users if the overhead is there). And on top of that, it works across all Xbox content that runs on the new console – Xbox 360 back-compat titles and Xbox One games.
Of course, you'll have to use Project Scorpio with a TV set that supports Freesync 2 over HDMI 2.1 to see those benefits, but you can't find living room displays sets that support both as of today. It remains to be seen if TV manufacturers will be quick to adopt the new HDMI spec plus AMD's Adaptive refresh technology, but Microsoft is probably right to be an early adopter. The company put a great emphasis on HDR support for games and video with the Xbox One S last year, and we're likely to hear more about Freesync and variable refresh rates in the coming months.Further reading: FreeSync 2, Microsoft, Project Scorpio, Xbox


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Diabetic? Don't Panic!
The 'bad' habit that can protect your arteries?and save your life at the same time
I can't think of anyone lied to more than diabetics——and if you've got the disease yourself, you already know exactly what I'm talking about. Doctors and drug companies alike feed you such a line that it's a wonder you don't gain even more weight just listening to them.
Well, I'm sick of it. I'm sure you're sick of it, too——and if they won't level with you, I will.
Your doctor will make sympathetic noises and tell you that you can "live with" or "manage" diabetes with the help of an endless supply of drugs. Listen to him, and next thing you know, you've got so many pill bottles and needles that you need an extra room in your home just for your meds.
But, unfortunately, your overworked doc has likely taken the path of least resistance and has slipped into relying on the advice of dollar-happy drug reps rather than common sense to treat his patients. And of course, when it comes to pharmaceutical companies we all know that the intention here isn't to save your life or even improve the time you do have left. It's to profit off your disease before you die——to squeeze every last cent out of you the way you squeeze out blood for a glucose test.
And these drugs aren't just ineffective. Most of them are dangerous——and some are flat-out deadly.
Avandia, anyone?
So it's time to stop swallowing whatever line——and whatever meds——your doctor tries to give you and rethink your approach to beating this disease. And you can start with one of the most critical parts of your body of all: your arteries.
You've heard the story——you've heard the lies——so often by now you've probably got it memorized: Cholesterol supposedly builds up in your arteries, gumming them up and ultimately causing a heart attack or stroke.
Since cholesterol is right there at the scene, it gets blamed for the crime, and that's true for diabetics and non-diabetics alike.
Well, I'm here to tell you that the cholesterol is an innocent bystander in all this. Sure, it might be what's gumming up the joint, but all it wants to do is pass through.
The reason it can't isn't because you have too much of it. It's not because you have the "wrong type" of cholesterol, either. It's not even the cholesterol at all...
It's inflammation
Inflammation is what causes cholesterol to stick to your artery walls. It doesn't matter what your cholesterol levels are——if your inflammation levels are high, even low levels of cholesterol will stick and form buildups and blockages.
Of course, your doctor will blame the cholesterol anyway. He'll use it as an excuse to put you on cholesterol meds or maybe even try to sign you up for a procedure such as angioplasty.
That's not just a lie——that's an EXPENSIVE lie, a multibillion-dollar industry built on lies. The procedure itself can actually kill you faster than any blockage ever will——and in half of all cases, those blockages return so fast you can't help but wonder if you ever had angioplasty at all.
But it's not that the treatment failed——it's that it was never designed to work in the first place. Angioplasty might briefly remove the blockage, but it won't do anything for the inflammation that caused it to form.
And as long as that inflammation is still there, a new blockage will form——you can take that to the bank.
So drugs and surgery don't work...but that doesn't mean you have to sit and wait for a heart attack or stroke. You can take action now to clear your arteries and slash your risk, and the only thing you need to buy is a beach blanket.
You read that right...a beach blanket!
A little time out under the sun doesn't just feel great (although that's certainly part of it). The vitamin D your body makes from sun exposure is?scientifically proven to lower inflammation and protect the arteries, especially in diabetics.
Sounds simple, I know. It IS simple, not to mention free. But it works. Just look at the new study of 43 diabetics and 25 non-diabetics, which finds that patients with the highest D levels are the least likely to have cholesterol glued to their artery walls.
Ready for the most important part? This is true REGARLDESS OF ACTUAL?CHOLESTEROL LEVELS.
Doesn't matter if your cholesterol levels are high, low, or in between——the only level that really matters here is your D level. When D is high, inflammation is low.
And when inflammation is low, your arteries flow.
Of course, I've been saying this for decades now, so if you've been listening to me all along you're already light years ahead of everyone else.
And if you haven't, all I can say is better late than never——so get that beach blanket, get a quality D3 supplement, and get to work raising those D levels and lowering your inflammation, whether you're a diabetic or not.
But start with D——don't end there. If you really want to keep your circulation moving like it's in the HOV lane, try my...
?Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Fish oil is a great way to fight inflammation anywhere——but it's especially good for inflammation in your arteries and overall circulatory health. The omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil have proven time and again to keep arteries clear and improve the flow of blood to both the heart and brain.
?Curcumin: Love curry? Then you're already a step ahead on this one. Curcumin, a key compound found in the curry spice turmeric, can slash levels of inflammation in the arteries, prevent buildups, and even stop platelets from clumping. You'd have to eat curry by the bucket instead of the bowl to get what you need, so try a supplement for this one. It's available on its own, but you'll also find it listed as an ingredient in some antioxidant complexes.
?Go Low-Carb: Carbohydrates, especially refined carbs such as sugar and?flour, cause blood sugar levels to spike. And when those levels spike, your body produces cytokines, which in turn cause inflammation——especially in the arteries. Slash the carbs, slash the inflammation. For proof, look no further than a 2009 study that found a low-carb diet reduces both inflammation and the accumulation of oxidized LDL cholesterol in the arteries. (And for the record, overall LDL levels were actually higher in the low-fat diet group?in this study than in the fat-eating low-carb eaters.)
?Booze: Isn't it funny how often a stiff drink is the answer to life's ills? It's true in a very literal sense here, because a moderate alcohol habit can slash levels of the C-reactive protein that marks inflammation. Just keep it under control. No one likes an obnoxious lush, and——more importantly——too much booze can actually boost inflammation.
There's one more thing you can do right now to slash your inflammation levels——one more thing that's completely free: Get more sleep. People who sleep less than six hours a night have higher levels of C-reactive protein.
But treat sleep like booze and don't go overboard——because nine or more hours a night can actually increase inflammation.
Sometimes, you really can get too much of a good thing.


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Rick Moody's Twitter Short Story Draws Long List of Complaints
Rick Moody hasn't even tweeted "The End" yet, and already the short story he's posting on Twitter is drawing criticism in publishing circles.
Yesterday, Speakeasy interviewed Moody about his new short story, which he's writing for the literary journal Electric Literature — distributing the piece in 153 tweets, over the course of three days. Moody said he was introduced to Twitter by his wife and doesn't tweet himself but began to see the micro-blogging service's character counter as "some strange, poetical limitation that would be fun to work with." With prompting from Electric Literature, he began formulating a story expressly with Twitter in mind.
Titled "Some Contemporary Characters," the story revolves around a man and a woman who meet through an on-line dating site. The criticisms of the piece are less with content than distribution. In addition to Electric Literature's Twitter feed, several partners agreed to co-publish the story, like Vroman's bookstore in Pasadena. As the L.A. Times' Jacket Copy blog points out, these feeds tend to share followers, so some Twitter users have been inundated with repeat tweets of Moody's story. One bookseller wrote "Please, please stop the madness."


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Alla Lighting LED Lights for Car Truck Motor Interior & Exterior Bulbs
LED Alla Lighting Your Way for Any Cars, Trucks, SUVs, Motorcycle, Vans
Selected Vehicle History
360° Long Life Respectable light output combined with an even spread of light makes this product ideal fog light replacement aftermarket led bulbs. It has 36 pieces newest version high power and high illumination 3030 SMD LEDs for each 9006/HB4 LED bulb.
Compatible of the stock cross reference number: 9006 , HB4, 9006LL, etc.
This bulb can be used as replacing the fog light or DRL only, it is NOT suggested to be used as high or low beam headlamp because it has no high or low beam function.
Longer Lifetime
Up to 30,000 hours of lifetime compared to 2,000 hours for traditional bulbs.
Faster Illumination
LED illuminate 0.2 seconds faster than incandescent bulbs, At normal highway speeds, faster illumination allows other drivers 28 additional feet of distance to notice. .
300% Brighter than Stock Incandescent/Halogen Lamps
About 1000 lumens per bulb, each bulb includes 36 pieces high power & high light performance illumination 3030 leds chips.
Much Less Heat
Due to led bulbs draw much less current than stock lamp, and the whole aluminum material for the heat dissipation for the best heat cooling system and longer lifespan.
Directly Plug-N-Play for most vehicles, Easy Installation
Non polarity bulb, especially designed to fit original factory bulb sockets for easy installation. For most vehicles, just directly plug and play, for some European vehicles, it may require to install the decoder or load resistor to avoid the error code.
|Beam Angle
|Chip Type
|Color Options
|6K White/8K Blue
|2.45 * 0.71
|LED Lifetime
|Polarity Sensitive
|Operating Temperature
|-35 ~ +85
This 9006 extremely super bright high power 3030-SMD 6000K xenon white / Ice blue LED bulbs are compatible with below vehicles as the fog light (Please note for some European or newest version vehicles, decoder/load resistor maybe required to avoid the error code or fast blinking) :
Alla Lighting warrants that its LED Conversion Kits will be free from defects in material and workmanship for ONE year from the date of purchase by the Original Purchaser. This warranty does not apply to any products that have been subjected to misuse, mishandling, misapplication, neglect (including but not limited to improper maintenance), improper installation, act of nature, motor vehicle accidents or alterations.


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On the face of it, Shipping is the most efficient of freight transport modes. Intermodal shipping containers kick-started rapid growth in trade globalisation 60 years ago, and container ships, tankers and bulk carriers have been getting bigger ever since. Carrying more freight with less fuel on a tonne-mile basis, shipping has the highest energy productivity of all transport modes.
Yet looks can be deceiving. While international shipping contributes 2.4% of global greenhouse gas emissions, business-as-usual could see this explode to a whopping 18% by 2050. As trade growth increases demand, today's fleet burns the dirtiest transport fuels, and a new report shows the market doesn't reward ship owners who invest in the latest fuel- and carbon-efficient technologies.
When you consider the scale of the sector's emission reductions that need to start now to contribute to the COP 21 Paris Agreement target of 1.5°C to 2°C global warming, there's clearly an enormous decarbonisation gap that threatens to strand shipping assets in a nightmare of devaluations if potential regulatory policies come into play. Current freight flow stoppages due to Hanjin Shipping's bankruptcy show the disruption shipping company failures can cause.
Markets don't reward efficiency
The UCL Energy Institute report paints a sad 10-year picture of free-market myopia that finds the latest fuel efficient ships have no better market performance in terms of revenue or usage than vessels with decades-old technologies.
So why wouldn't cheaper-to-run ships be used more than old ones? Well, today's record-high shipping capacity drives a low freight rate market, so owners of highly efficient ships must match reduced market rates while passing on fuel savings to charterers, who get the win-win all to themselves.
OK, with fuel prices low the past few years I can understand fuel efficiency has less profile now, but back when capacity was less, charter rates higher and fuel through the roof the report shows it still didn't seem to get much consideration from charterers. And operating speeds were found to be slower for the more efficient ships, when I would've thought the opposite. If fuel cost is barely being considered, maybe its significance in vessel operating cost structures isn't as big as you'd think, especially in the charterers' or cargo-owners' total end-to-end cargo delivery costs.
Market inaction breeds future risks
Shipping customers doom themselves to higher costs over the long term by not incentivising efficient newbuilds and retrofits now.
Current regulation such as the Energy Efficiency Design Index will take forever to have much effect, so if the International Maritime Organisation can't show improvement in the industry then a UN/State/regional-level carbon price may be forced upon it.
The RightShip GHG Emissions Rating system aims to fix information barriers but the information's importance needs to influence charterers so they demand GHG ratings or validated fuel efficiency numbers from owners before contracting. Charterers and brokers need to understand the value/net benefit in whole-of-contract-life cost terms, and clearly now only Cargill, BHP Billiton, Rio Tinto and others who use the RightShip ratings system do.
But do these customers actually pay a premium for the good GHG Rating ships they're using? Their market power allows them to screw rates down as well as anybody. Given GHG Rating users handle 20% of world trade, the report shows no benefit is flowing through to ship owners in better rates or utilisation, leaving little incentive for new fuel efficiency investments or substandard vessels to leave the market.
Who will lead change?
Community expectations to close the decarbonisation gap will come to bear on shipping from governments, investors and from within.
While further regulation may be justified, a mandatory efficiency standard will be difficult to apply to old vessels. Ultimately it might take a carbon price passed directly to charterers supported by voluntary Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator and Existing Vessel Design Index measures with in-service validation and benchmarking to force and help charterers change their decision-making.
Investors increasingly vote with their wallets to make boards respond to green preferences that are rationally based on financial sustainability and managing risks in a zero carbon future.
Owners of efficient ships must better promote their value proposition that reduces costs, positions for green demand and lowers regulatory risk for customers and the industry. Cargo owners, charterers, brokers, ports, banks, industry associations, suppliers and employees can all influence fuel efficiency improvements in the shipping fleet.
The oversupply of ships that helped take down industry giant Hanjin Shipping can only be fixed by scrapping old inefficient vessels, and the shipping market must take the lead now for its long term benefit.


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Friday, December 28, 2007
Why Are We Celebrating New Year Now? - LexiLine Journal 472
N.S. Gill at about.com has a nice posting about the Julian Calendar and the Julius Caesar (?) Calendar Reform at
Prior to that calendar reform,
whenever it actually happened (see below),
ancient chronology is a mess,
and one of the things that we are trying to do at LexiLine
is to draw attention to obvious errors that have been made
in formulating the timeline of man's ancient history
and to suggest some obvious corrections.
See e.g. a new source out of Egypt
for evidence that the calendar reform ascribed to Caesar occurred even earlier
and then look at more evidence concerning the errors committed by mainstream academia in assigning a chronology to Moses, etc. and the consequences of those errors
that previous link being the long version with King Tut (Tutankhamon) - with the short version here at Moses and Exodus
and then view my Absolute Chronology of the World by Astronomy at
and see in that regard the ancient Egyptian chronology of Manetho at
and see also my comments on the erroneous Maya chronology of mainstream Maya scholars at
as related to the Pharaonic calendric count at
That is enough material to suggest some of the major problems (and possible solutions) that exist in chronology.
There is definitely still a lot of "calendric work" to be done before we have man's history and calendration right.
Thursday, November 22, 2007
Happy Thanksgiving! Turkey, India, Mayans & the Stars : Origin of the Name of the Bird We Call the Turkey - LexiLine Journal 471
You might think that the name of the American Turkey bird comes from Turkey, but you would be wrong.
Nevertheless, believe it or not, there is no accepted etymology for the origin of the word for the bird we call the "Turkey", a word which has been analyzed lexically at great depth by Alain Theriault in his 1996 posting at the Linguist List.
There is also a comprehensive lexical list at the Wiktionary.
The closest words to English "turkey" are German Trut-hahn, Latvian ti-tars, Hebrew tar-negol hodu "Indian rooster", Igbo (southern Nigera) toro toro, Irish turcai, Italian tacchino, Ladin (Switzerland) tachin, Lower Sorbian turk, Sorbian truta, Romanian curca, Telugu (Dravidian language of India) Tarkee Kodi (compare those two words with the Hebrew). Many other languages of the world have a word for the bird turkey starting with a word like hind- or ind- or something similar to it meaning "bird of India".
If the Turkey originated in Europe, the Latvian terms tark-šķēt or tark-šķis might give the essential clue since these words mean to "chatter, clapper, patter, rattle", i.e. "to gobble".
But as explained by Michael Qunion at World Wide Words, the turkey originally came from Mexico of the New World and was brought to the Old World by the Spaniards, in part via India and the East Indies, which is how the bird got called the "Indian" bird.
The Maya term for the turkey cock (the male) was ah tzo based on current evidence so that an original *tzor- form is not inconceivable. Since Tzorkin viz. Tzolkin means "cosmic matrix" (whence calendar) and Chorti, the name of the Maya people, means "river of stars", the name of the Turkey bird may have come originally from the contact of the first European explorers with the tribal populations of Mexico prior to the colonial era, i.e. rather than "bird of India", which the explorers thought they had discovered, it was actually a "bird of the Maya", whence also names of the Turkey that reference Peru.
Wednesday, November 21, 2007
Megaliths of Jharkhand India - LexiLine Journal 470
Subhashis Das points out that megaliths often have astronomical significance and were in ancient days sometimes also used as border stones. He suggests other uses as well.
He has sent me the following link to his website pages - which are well worth reading:
Megaliths of Jharkhand
A better-known site in Jharkand for example is Punkree Burwadih, which Subhshis Das has discovered to be a prehistoric observtory.
Monday, November 12, 2007
The 66 Science Blogs at Seed Media - LexiLine Journal 469
- Aardvarchaeology archaeology as empty theory, rather than evidence-based, e.g. Towards a Social Theory of Sites We Haven't Found
"We have selected our 60+ bloggers based on their originality, insight, talent, and dedication and how we think they would contribute to the discussion at ScienceBlogs. Our role, as we see it, is to create and continue to improve this forum for discussion, and to ensure that the rich dialogue that takes place at ScienceBlogs resonates outside the blogosphere."
One blog - The Scientifc Indian - even links to a simply fantastic Larry Lessig video presentation on user-generated content (UGC)... a confluence of science and law. Even if you read no further, make sure you see that video in entirety to fully understand modern "digital culture" and the major issues facing intellectual property law today. See also particularly the Evolution Blog about evolution and creation, and examine particularly What the Dumbledore Flap Teaches Us About the Constitution citing to Harry Potter and the Framer's Intent, a scathing demolition by Michael C. Dorf - via J.K. Rowling and fictional intent - of Constitutional originalism. Dorf writes:
"Speaking at Carnegie Hall last week, J.K. Rowling, author of the phenomenally popular Harry Potter series, revealed that Albus Dumbledore, the headmaster of the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, is gay. Rowling explained that she was prompted to out the fictional Dumbledore when she noticed a reference to a female romantic interest of his in a draft of the screenplay for the planned sixth Potter film. If the film version of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince makes Dumbledore's sexual orientation explicit, then that will settle the matter, at least so far as the fictional cinematic version of Dumbledore is concerned. But given that the Potter books, now complete, make no mention of Dumbledore's sexuality, Rowling would not appear to have any authority to declare the print version of Dumbledore gay, straight or bi. Her views on such matters are naturally of interest to fans of her books, but the work must stand on its own. These principles may seem obvious enough when considering the relation of a fiction writer's intentions to her text, but they are highly contentious when it comes to legal documents. In the balance of this column, I will explain why James Madison is no more of an authority on the meaning of the U.S. Constitution, than J.K. Rowling is on Dumbledore's sexual orientation."
Read the rest here.
Below is the list of the current 66 Science Blogs together with our comments - or not - about them, and/or including a link to a sample posting we have selected.
- A Blog Around The Clock by the Online Community Manager at PLoS-ONE (Public Library of Science) who is a chronobiologist (see his recent posting on the upcoming Science Blogging Conference)
- A Few Things Ill Considered by a software developer specializing in Artificial Intelligence applications and lot of postings on climate, e.g. Oceans are 'soaking up less CO2'
- Aardvarchaeology archaeology, e.g. Towards a Social Theory of Sites We Haven't Found
- Adventures in Ethics and Science inter aliathe ethics of science blogging
- Aetiology ... causes, origins, evolution and implications of disease ... e.g. Bad science writing of the day: your gut bacteria make you crave chocolate
- Afarensis Anthropology, Evolution and Science - and Send Him Your Science Links for The Panda's Thumb
- Angry Toxicologist by a scientist in the public health sector, who rages e.g. about Over the Counter Drugs Getting More Scrutiny -- Does that mean anything?
- Chaotic Utopia posting example, Can Science Save the Planet?
- The Cheerful Oncologist e.g. 25 Skills Every Doctor Should Possess
- Cognitive Daily peer-reviewed developments in cognition, e.g. Trying to lose weight? Try staring at randomly changing squares or Using international adoptions to understand how kids learn language
- The Corpus Callosum by a psychiatrist, posting example Psychotherapy Changes Brains
- The Daily Transcript by a cell biologist, e.g. The Cell as Art
- Deep Sea News e.g. Monster Squid Captured on Video?
- Deltoid inter aliaGlobal Warming
- denialism blog e.g. Obesity and Overweight - what do these new studies really mean?
- Developing Intelligence e.g. Blogging on the Brain: 11/04
- Discovering Biology in a Digital World e.g. Cultural confusion: white papers vs. peer review
- Dispatches from the Culture Wars e.g. CSU Civility Code on Trial
- Dr. Joan Bushwell's Chimpanzee Refuge e.g. DIY Neuro-Motor Experiments: When the Left Hand Knows What the Right is Doing
- Dynamics of Cats e.g. Harry Potter and the Redemption of Deconstructionism
- Effect Measure public health, e.g. Smoking in the US
- evolgen Evolution and Genetics, e.g. Publishing Original Research on Blogs - Part 1 (thus far 6 parts to this series) - pointing to the academic world of the future
- EvolutionBlog evolution and creation, and see especially What the Dumbledore Flap Teaches Us About the Constitution citing to Harry Potter and the Framer's Intent
- Evolving Thoughts philosophy of biology, posting example The library of the mind
- Framing Science science, media and politics, e.g. 63% of Election Coverage Focuses on Strategy Frame
- The Frontal Cortex e.g. on criminal profiling
- Gene Expression e.g. Golden-haired Neandertals?
- Good Math, Bad Math e.g. Mathematical Constructions and the Abstraction Barrier
- Greg Laden's Blog life science, e.g. Open Access Bill in Congress
- Highly Allochthonous geology, paleomagnetism e.g. A map of wonderful magnetic things
- Intel ISEF
- The Intersection e.g. Storm World
- The Island of Doubt e.g. Uncertainty is here to stay, say climatologists
- Laelaps e.g. "Monogamy" is much more interesting than it sounds
- Living the Scientific Life (Scientist, Interrupted) birding, e.g. Birder's Conservation Handbook
- The Loom e.g. Fall Foliage--The Backstory
- Mike the Mad Biologist e.g. Chloramphenicol, Frogs...and Bacterial Endosymbionts?
- Mixing Memory e.g. Animal Rights and Animal Research
- Molecule of the Day e.g. Lutein (Halloween Carotene)
- Neurophilosophy e.g. Exercising the brain
- Neurotopia (version 2.0) e.g. Like primates? Tough. Kiss 'em goodbye.
- Omni Brain
- On being a scientist and a woman
- Page 3.14 e.g. Neurogenesis at Neuroscience 2007
- Pharyngula e.g. Humanist or post-humanist?
- Pure Pedantry e.g. Blogging on Peer-Reviewed Research
- The Quantum Pontiff e.g. The Quantum Pontiff Has Landed
- The Questionable Authority e.g. The Convention on Biological Diversity non-Parties
- Respectful Insolence e.g. The 73rd Meeting of the Skeptic's Circle
- Retrospectacle: A Neuroscience Blog e.g. New Blog About Academic Interviews
- Science To Life e.g. To do or not to do?-the neuroscience of decision-making
- The Scientific Activist e.g. DonorsChoose Bloggers Challenge Update
- The Scientific Indian e.g. a link to the superb IP video Larry Lessig at TED
- Shifting Baselines e.g. Is There Too Much Information?
- Signout e.g. Science Creative Quarterly
- Speaking Science 2.0 e.g. Why Definitions of Science Literacy Matter
- Stoat
- Stranger Fruit e.g. Today in Science (1111)
- Terra Sigillata e.g. New pharmacy student blog: introducing Secundum Artem
- Tetrapod Zoology dinosaurs, e.g. A most atypical stegosaur
- Thoughts from Kansas e.g. The Panglossian Paradigm, or as science moves forward, creationists move back
- Thus Spake Zuska e.g. "It's Not A Kitchen Gadget, It's A Tool!"
- Uncertain Principles e.g. Who Are You People?
- The Voltage Gate e.g. Science Art Tuesday: Triune Is Coming
- The World's Fair e.g. Technology and Orgasm on Film
- Zooillogix
Tuesday, November 06, 2007
Indus Valley Script as Astronomy and Compared to Easter Island Script - LexiLine Journal 468
"I found that the Indus Valley script signs matched the star constellations along the ecliptic. "
I am very sympathetic to his approach since it mirrors some of my own views about the common astronomical origin of many symbols in disparate cultures. I do not however agree with many of his individual interpretations, but I think he is definitely on the right track in seeing symbols of the Indus Valley script to be astronomical signs for the Nakshatras (ancient Vedic Sanskrit moon stations of the sky). In other words, he is very right in seeing the astronomical connection. I then saw it is my responsibility, based on my experience with ancient astronomical scripts, to identify those symbols that I can.
Below, I compare one of the seals that Daniel Salas shows on his website with my decipherment 26 years ago of a wooden tablet from Easter Island known as "Honolulu Tablet No. B. 3622 which I showed to be an ancient zodiac, as published in the year 1981 in An Astrological Zodiac in the Script of Easter Island. That there is a clear connection between that Easter Island script and the Indus Valley seal pictured byDaniel Salas is beyond doubt, and I interpret the Indus Valley seal accordingly below.
At the bottom of the graphic right (and reproduced next to it left) is the Indus Valley seal pictured by Salas:
To our eye, the second line appears merely to be a variant writing of the same symbols.
In the middle of the page below is found the Easter Island Zodiac deciphered by me in the year 1981:
If we now directly compare the Indus Valley seal with the Easter Island tablet we get the following comparison and identification of astronomical signs:
The second row of symbols on the seal appears to be a variant form of the same group of symbols - or - perhaps this lower group of symbols applies to the southern heavens, which would support the ancient Vedic Sanskrit legends that the ancient seafarers mapped the southern heavens so as to be nearly identical to their northern counterparts. Richard Hinckley Allen in Star Names, Dover Publications, N.Y. 1997, reports of ancient legends that the southern stars were initially created by ancient seafarers to approximate the shape of Northern constellations in similar positions. Allen writes in Star Names (p. 436) as follows:
"Before the observations of the navigators of the 15th and 16th centuries the singular belief prevailed that the southern heavens contained a constellation near the pole similar to our Bear or Wain; indeed it is said to have been represented on an early map or globe. Manilus wrote:
The lower Pole resemblance bears
To this Above, and shines with equal stars;
With Bears averse, round which the Draco twines;'
and Al Biruni repeated the Sanskrit legend that at one time in the history of the Creation an attempt was made by Visvamitra to form a southern heavenly home for the body of the dead king, the pious Somadatta; and this work was not abandoned till a southern pole and another Bear had been located in positions corresponding to the northern, this pole passing through the island Lunka, or Vadavamukha (Ceylon). The Anglo-Saxon Manual made distinct mention of this duplicate constellation 'which we can never see.'..."
Wednesday, October 31, 2007
Ancient Halloween Roots - Calendration - LexiLine Journal 467
Halloween has become quite popular here in Germany in recent years. We had a record 17 trick-or-treaters at our house in Germany this evening.
"Trick or Treat" is called "Süsses oder Saures" (Sweet or Sour) in German, i.e. "sweets or else".
When I was in my youth in the USA, my father used to give each trick-or-treater a Hershey bar - after having each visitor show his or her tricks first, of course. We carry on this tradition here on the Moselle River by giving each trick-or-treater a large chocolate bar. Some of the visitors this evening had Halloween costumes on, quite like those worn in the USA.
The Great LexiLine Pumpkin 2007 that you see pictured above measures about a half-a-meter across and is a real giant, the largest we have ever had.
The pumpkin mass that remained after our carving served as our meal this eve. We had pumpkin soup, in which the ingredients were mashed pumpkin, cream, milk, water, vegetable broth, ginger, salt and pepper. It was delicious.
We spread the pumpkin seeds on newspaper to dry out and will plant them early next year in egg shell halves filled with earth, where the seed can germinate before it is taken outside and planted in our garden.
It is rather remarkable to read that some religious and political figures and groups oppose the fun that is Halloween, among them:
- the American religious right wing
- Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez
- Moscow schools in Russia
- Muslims, orthodox Jews and Evangelical Christians
- Wiccan (Witch) religions
Did we hear something about birds of a feather flocking together?
You are known by the company you keep.
In fact, Halloween predates all of those religious and political groups and religions, and can be traced back to ancient practices of our forefathers:
"Halloween (Allhallows Even) was observed by some churches with religious services. However, most persons regarded it as a secular festival. In its strictly religious aspect, it is known as the vigil of Hallowmas or All Saints' Day, observed on November 1 by the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches.Note well the people who are against Halloween. You will most likely see the faces of religious and political tyrants trying to impose their particular superstitions ON YOU. These are the evil demons that OUR pumpkin turns away.
The festival of Halloween is based on a combination of the Christian commemoration of the departed faithful (All Saints' Day) with the pre-Christian Celtic feast associated with a celebration of the end of summer and the Celtic New Year. Celts who lived in what is now known as Ireland, Scotland and parts of Great Britain celebrated their new year that began November 1. Allhallows' Even was observed on the evening of October 31st. Around 800 A.D., the day became known among Christians as Allhallomas which eventually changed to All Hallow E'en, or Halloween.
Celtic peoples adopted Christianity quickly, easily, and strongly. The conversion of Celtic peoples did not, however, keep them from celebrating some of their old customs. Attempts to replace the year-end custom in the old Celtic calendar were only partially successful. Some of our Halloween traditions date back to these early times.
Summer's end and the celebration of a good harvest has always been an important event in the life of agrarian peoples. Samhain "Hallowday" or Samfuin (sam + fuin) summer's end, marked the end of the yearly cycle and was celebrated with both religious and agrarian rites. It was the period for threshing and of food preparation for the winter season. On that evening, so it was believed, present, past, and future became one. Celts gave thanks for the safe return of their cattle to winter quarters, and invoked their gods for prosperity and good crops for the coming year.
Samhain was both the "end of summer" and a commemoration of the dead. The spirits of the departed were believed to visit their kinsmen in search of warmth and good cheer as winter approached. It was a time when evil, as well as good, spirits returned to the living. Fairies were believed to migrate from one home to another, and Hallowe'en was the time when humans kidnapped by elfin folk could reclaim their lost loves or relatives.Jack-O'-Lanterns were scooped out of turnips with skull-like faces carved into them. This may reflect the ancient custom of placing skulls around the tribal fire to keep evil demons away. "
Enjoy a blessed Halloween, wherever you are.
Jeffrey I. Rose replied:
Many thanks for the Halloween wishes and protective pumpkin (as well as pumpkin soup recipe). I saw this article yesterday and immediately thought of you and your research:
Thursday, October 04, 2007
Shakira Studying History of Civilization - LexiLine Journal 466
As the first "history of civilization" newsletter and discussion list on the Internet, we are gratified to see that the pop singer Shakira from Colombia recently enrolled at UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles) to study the History of Western Civilization. This news was first brought to our attention by an article in the German newspaper Trierischer Volksfreund (17 September 2007) and confirmed online at eFluxMedia, Boxnet, Showbuzz, PopWatch, USAToday, MSNBC, etc.
We have not had great success via the archaeologists of this world in getting the public to pay attention to our message. Perhaps we should turn to Hollywood!?
Andis Kaulins replied:
Thank you for the invitation. It would have been great to meet some of the people whose materials I am of course very familiar with. If I were not so far away (Germany), I would definitely have attended the CPAK 2007 conference this weekend. The last time I was in San Diego was as a recruit for the United States Marine Corps when I was drafted into the military out of Stanford Law School in my first law school year. At the time that it happened, I regarded it is a bit of a disaster, but later I came to appreciate it as a worthwhile and enriching experience. Without that time in San Diego, I would certainly not be as confident and battle-ready against antiquated mainstream science as I am. Most established academics simply do not appreciate how academically subservient and weak they are, especially in the fields that you and I are involved in.
Wednesday, August 15, 2007
EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF PIE *UPER - LexiLine Journal 465
Andis Kaulins replied:
There is no question that the Indo-European alleged hypothetical root of *uber is a fabrication of deluded and misguided world linguists having little understanding of the true development of human language.
I wrote long ago that the root of the terms discussed here is seen clearly in the whole host of words in Indo-European e.g. Latvian having a PA-RA root, i.e. as written at http://www.lexiline.com/lexiline/lexi53.htm :
"[They are ]derived from the combination of PA [viz. BA] with RA, with PA as a "prefix of being, or place" and RA as a root of "eye, see, sight, light, use, eye (to hand) coordination"."
Hence PĀR viz. PĀRI (both with long a) in Latvian mean "over, above, across", as derived from the primordial idea of "there - see", which of course is related to English far, i.e. "over there".
The idea of being "over" or "above" something led in time by the process of dissociation from PAR to the word VAR / VARS in Latvian meaning "to be able to do, to can do, power, might".
Combined with the S-mobile prefix as derived from the affixation of the prefix ES "the self, I" in its conversion to a directional prefix, this not only led in Latvian to words such as UZVAR(A) "victory, win" - from UZ-VARA < *ES-VARA ("I win") but also to the idea of SVAR(S) [ES-VARS] "weight" and "might" in this sense.
This resulted in words such as English SOVEREIGN which is Latvian SVĒRIEN(s) - long e - "weighing, mighty of weight" or English SUPERB which is Latvian SVARĪBA - long i - "importance (by weight), weighty".
SVARS was by the way also an important word in ancient Egypt and is the word transcribed erroneously by the Egyptologists as OSIRIS, the God of the Underworld. Of course, SVARS was actually the Egyptian concept of gravity initially, a force which the ancients saw as emanating from the bowels of the Earth (that analysis is our discovery). Later this force was personified.
Your run-of-the-mill Indo-Europeanist or Egyptologist has never seen these connections because 1) he or she does not speak Latvian [or any similarly useful language such as Lithuanian], 2) they do not consult Latvian in making their etymologies, and 3) they generally have no clue about how language was actually constructed in ancient days - as mainstream linguists mostly fail to appreciate that more complex conceptual ideas derived from simpler graspable physical concepts - for which there were originally words.
As a result, it is quite clear that BR, FR, SBR and SWR do in fact have have the same root [when applied to terms meaning over, power, etc.], whether this be Indo-European, Ugaritic, Hebrew/Aramaic or Classical Arabic.
As for the fifth term, the word summit, how the Indo-European linguists managed to attempt to merge a totally unrelated word like summit into an equally erroneous root of *uper is a case study for the cognitive psychologists who study these kinds of academic aberrations.
The Latin term for "sum" was summa viz. summus, for which the Indo-Europeanists have no clue of actual lexical origin, because they have not consulted Latvian. In Latvian the origin is clearly seen, as a saim(is) or sain(is) which is a "bundle of something", for which reason also a saime is a community of some kind, i.e. a bundle of persons, a sum of persons, and for which reason in Latvian a soma is a "bag" or "pouch" of some kind, in which one collects some number - a bundle (viz. sum) - of objects.
The origin of the English word sum, is correctly seen in the concept of "bundle".
As for astronomy, I write about the Sumerian zenith at
The word summit has the same origin as the word azimuth, as found in Latin semita "path" and the Arabic as-sumut or as-samt "the way, compass bearing", which may be related to Latvian atzīmetais "that marked" and "acī-metis", that marked by the eye.
The Indo-Europeanist idea that the word zenith derives Arabic samt (ar-ra's) is curious to say the least, and the Latvian ce(l)nite - long i - "that raised, that in culmination" gives us the proper ancient explanation, pointing to the root word cel- "raise".
Again, Ishinan, Latvian shows that all of these languages - Indo-European, Ugaritic, Hebrew-Aramaic and Classical Arabic - once all derived from the same source.
Ishinan replied:
"There is no question that the Indo-European alleged hypothetical root of *uber is a fabrication of deluded and misguided world linguists having little understanding of the true development of human language."
To view Andis' response in its entirety click on the URL below:
"Much of mainstream human history is based on myth, unfounded opinion and just plain hearsay. When we look at the testimony of man's history through the piercing eyes of a cross-examining lawyer, much accepted dogma needs revision." Andis Kaulins
Andis Kaulins replied:
I wrote previously that "The word summit has the same origin as the
word azimuth, as found in Latin semita "path" and the Arabic as-sumut
or as-samt "the way, compass bearing", which may be related to Latvian
atzimetais "that marked" and "aci-metis", that marked by the eye."
When I reconsidered the Latin semita "path" again, then it became
clear that the Latin term semita has a different origin than the word
summit and that mainstream linguists have erred in seeing the two as
The correct origin of the Latin term semita is in the Indo-European e.g. compound term samita in "Latvian" as derived from sa-mita "down-trodden", i.e. a "trodden path" formed by man or animal, which is what the most ancient "paths" were.
Summit on the other hand will either be related to eye orientation, as
I already surmised previously, or is related to the Latvian term jumt-
which means "ceiling", perhaps from an original *uz-met "upon thrown",
i.e. above one as a summit in this sense.
Friday, August 03, 2007
An Ancient Hermetic Survey of Europe and Africa - LexiLine Journal 464
The Tanum-System :
An Ancient Hermetic Survey of Europe and Africa
by Andis Kaulins (1)(2)
Paper presented at the 41st Annual Walther Machalett Conference on Prehistory and Early History, May 17, 2007, Horn/Bad Meinberg, Germany.THE ORIGINAL HYPOTHESIS SHOWN AS A MAP
FIGURE 1 : An Ancient Survey of Europe and Africa ?
(1) J.D. (Doctor of Jurisprudence), Stanford University, USA; Former Lecturer, FFA, Anglo-American Law, University of Trier Law School, University of Trier.
(2) The author would like to thank Dr.jur. Gert Meier (Law, Government, History and Modern Languages, University of Göttingen; former NATO Scholar at Stanford University) for important contributions to the content of this manuscript.
The online uploaded German-language files of this paper are found at:
Das Tanum System von Andis Kaulins 19 Juni 2007.doc (4 megabytes)
Das Tanum System von Andis Kaulins 19 Juni 2007.pdf (5 megabytes)
Ancient Tanum Europe Africa Survey System - LexiLine Journal 463
at the new directory
Africa and Europe (plus Egypt)
I have uploaded my most recent German-language publication (98 pages) presented originally at the Machalett Conference in Horn/Bad Meinberg in May of this year. I have uploaded it to our files both in .pdf and .doc form (see below) and will be publishing this article to LexiLine in the course of the coming months in serial form in English.
The Title in English is: The Tanum System : An Ancient Hermetic Survey of Europe and Africa
The Title in German is: Das Tanum-System - ein alteuropisch-afrikanisches Vermessungssystem?, Referat gehalten auf der 41. Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Walther Machalett, 17. Mai 2007 in Horn/Bad Meinberg/Externsteine, von Andis Kaulins (Copyright © 2007 Andis Kaulins. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.)
The uploaded German-language files are:
Das Tanum System von Andis Kaulins 19 Juni 2007.doc (4 megabytes)
Das Tanum System von Andis Kaulins 19 Juni 2007.pdf (5 megabytes)
I've got some spectacular if also speculative things in there....so stay tuned....
Saturday, July 28, 2007
Ancient Mariners of Cyprus : Ancient Seafaring More Far-Reaching and Much Older than Previously Thought - As Above So Below - LexiLine Journal 462
Support for my general theory is found in a just published July 19, 2007 archaeology news report.
In an article at Yahoo News titled "Ancient mariner tools found near Cyprus", George Psyllides, AP writer, reports on new archaeological finds on the island of Cyprus which suggest that ancient seafaring was more far-reaching and much older than previously thought by the mainstream community.
Psyllides quotes Colgate University's Albert J. Ammerman, the survey's director, as follows:
"These are the people who are the pioneers.... All of what we see on the land is just a tip of the iceberg of what is in the water...."
Psyllides writes further:
"The archaeologists believe that tools found at the two sites were used by seafaring foragers who frequented the island well over 10,000years ago - before the first permanent settlers arrived around 8,200 B.C.
They are thought to have sailed from present-day Syria and Turkey, at least 46 miles north and east of the island.
The dawn of seafaring in the region has been put at around 9,500B.C. from evidence found 20 years ago at Aetokremnos, on Cyprus' southern Akrotiri peninsula.
The finds indicate these early wanderers traveled more widely, and more frequently, than was previously believed, outside experts say.
"This just shows there is a lot more activity than was originally thought," said Tom Davis, an archaeologist and director of the Cyprus American Archaeological Research Institute.... "We're looking at repeated visits around the island."
"These would be people stopping deliberately, coming to the island to use resources, setting themselves with a clear understanding of the landscape," Davis said.The finds indicate these early wanderers traveled more widely, and more frequently, than was previously believed, outside experts say."
And if that is true, then they must have had means of navigation at sea, and this could only have been navigation by the stars - with megalithic markers as terrestrial and hermetic cartographic points - as above, so below.
Monday, July 09, 2007
Rotherwas Serpent in England near the Herefordshire Beacon is Astronomy as the Hermetic Constellation Draco - LexiLine Journal 461
the Monterey Herald and RotherwasRibbon.com (the latter two of which have pictures), we discover that archaeologists have found a ca. 65-yard (ca. 60 meter) serpentine figure on a mound near Mondiford and the juncture of the rivers Wye and Lugg in Herefordshire, England. The 3-D serpentine figure, which has subsequently been named the "Rotherwas Ribbon", a name long applied to the area in which it was found, is perhaps more accurately called by its alternative name, "The Rotherwas Serpent", being similar to the Serpent Mound in Ohio in the USA, the largest such serpent mound in North America.
There is no question in our mind that the Rotherwas Serpent is a hermetic ("as above, so below") representation on land of a stellar figure seen by the ancients in the stars of the heavens, i.e. a heavenly serpent. Indeed, the name "roth-er-was" surely involves a confusion with and mixture of Gaelic naeth(er) "serpent" and Gaelic ooir wass "subsoil", i.e. "the serpent mound".
As I have written on page 1 of my book, Stars Stones and Scholars :
"All Neolithic sites in England and Wales, as marked on the Ordnance Survey map of Ancient Britain, form a map projection of the stars of the northern and southern heavens, with the center of the system at Herefordshire Beacon near Midsummer Hill and Wynd's Point."
Since the Rotherwas Serpent is located a mere 20 miles or so away from the Herefordshire Beacon, it is likely that the Rotherwas Serpent (dated to be older than the British Camp at the Herefordshire Beacon) is an alternative, probably older mark for the center of this system at the stars of Draco, the celestial serpent.
If this were actually so, the Rotherwas Serpent would be of incalculable value for the history of Ancient Britain and for the history of astronomy.
We read now with horror that there are plans to destroy the site by building a road through it :
"The Rotherwas Ribbon,named for the area in which it was found, lies in the path of theplanned highway and will be encased in a protective structure beneath the road once it is built."
There is already a Rotherwas Ribbon Campaign website established to save the Rotherwas Serpent and we can only hope that it will successful. Please go to that website and see what you can do to help to stop this madness in the United Kingdom (and elsewhere) of the destruction of invaluable ancient megalithic archaeological sites.
Tuesday, June 12, 2007
Megalithic Mapping & Cognitive Psychology - LexiLine Journal 460
What the psychologists have discovered conforms to our arguments concerning the hermetic mapping system of the ancients in adapting the "mental map" of the stars above to the external visual megalithic information which they correspondingly placed below.
Sunday, June 10, 2007
LARYNGEAL THEORY (Where aspirated letter haitch (heɪtʃ) = Sem - LexiLine Journal 459
(this posting was posted later than the previous posting, but written earlier than that)
LARYNGEAL THEORY ( the case of h2nd) - LexiLine Journal 458
Thank you for drawing attention to Middle Egyptian "khnt" which has two meanings: a) in front of, and b) act of rebellion (same in Arabic)
FYI : The initial guttural letter `ayn in the above Arabic term h2nd, represents the eighteenth letter of the Arabic alphabet. In Arabic, `Ayn is one of the letters termed "majhuwrah" or vocal i.e. pronounced equally with the voice, and the breath (Pharyngeal Fricative) . It is one of the hardest sound for non-Arabic westerner speakers to hear in Arabic because, though a consonant in Arabic, it sounds most like the English a. It is like the softest or medium h , only humming (vocalized). It is a little like the sound a doctor asks to hear when looking down your throat. While saying "aaah" pull the back of your tongue back into your throat a bit." By contrast the corresponding sixteenth Hebrew letter `ayn (pronounced ah-yeen) is silent. In that respect it is said that the Hebrew `Ayn, unlike the Arabic one, sees but does not speak.
Andis Kaulins wrote:Thank you for your useful and interesting postings on the topic of "the case of h2nd" = khnt.
Your presentation is clear and easy to follow.
We definitley have some points of agreement that Proto-Indo-European reconstructions often are based on shaky ground.
This all looks like a very fruitful line of inquiry which I think we should continue to follow, although I will not always agree with your conclusions, as you will see, though I have no doubt that Arabic is related to Indo-European in origin, since - from my point of view - all languages of the world are related.
I have additional observations regarding the origin of khnt:
1. The Arabic meaning of "act of rebellion" seems to me to be merely one special case of being "opposite to" or "against" something. In my opinion, it is thus a specific Arabic application of the basic term khnt which does not necessarily give us any information about word origins here.
We have similar terms in Indo-European which are surely related to the above-mentioned special application of khnt in Arabic, for example the English contra and counter, i.e. "to counter something, to being against it". In Latvian, which is much more archaic than English, we find the surely related term cīnīt- "to struggle against, to battle with". We see in this manner that the Arabic use of khnt for the concept of "rebellion" is thus not linguistically unusual from the standpoint of Indo-European language.
2. It would seem to me that to get to the actual word root in the case of h2nd we have to go back much further in time than Middle Egyptian. Rainer Hannig's Egyptian Dictionary I of the Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period has numerous terms on pages 954 to 962 from the Old Kingdom involving h2nd in various meanings centered around the idea of "being in front of", also in the apparently more archaic sense of "being at the head of, leading".
For that older meaning we have the comparable Baltic dzināt viz. dzīt (to drove, to drive (e.g. a herd of animals)) as a form of Latvian dzinējs "drover, driver" which we find in Lithuanian ginejas. For the Pharaonic prefixed variant m-khnt we then find the Latvian comparable mudzināt "to urge on, to spur on".
Also in in the Old Kingdom Pharaonic hieroglyphs - as in the Baltic - we then find h2nd written without the interceding letter N as kht which the Egyptologists falsely read as khnt.
The Egyptologists also falsely read e.g. khntj-sh for a similar hieroglyph without an N whose meaning is either "wood from Lebanon" or "settler", a hieroglyph which of course is correctly to be read as dzitar, i.e. cedar in the case of the wood from Lebanon and seter in the case of the settlers (as in the Norwegian seter "settlements" or Swedish seter or Latvian seta, "fence, border".) The scribes left the N out intentionally in Pharaonic.
The reason that the sound DZ- was represented in Pharaonic language by the standing vases is perhaps - and this is speculative - because in Indo-European, e.g. Latvian dzid-ris means "clear fluid" which may be what the vases homophonically represent.
The root for the Indo-European terms in form similar to the word hand is different, as in my opinion it relates to the concept of "side", in e.g. Latvian sānite viz. sāni meaning "side, for which we have the comparable German k-form in Kante "edge, side (in this sense)". The Indo-European terms of the form hand thus do not derive from h2nd word forms.
Moreover, the notion that the shift of pronunciation is from h to k to s, as I have often stated (see e.g. http://www.lexiline.com/lexiline/lexi53.htm ), is false. Rather the process is from the other direction: "S-forms in Sumerian and Akkadian predominate, so S is older than K, contrary to current "West-centered" satem - centum theory." The satem-centum shift never took place. Rather, S degraded to K and then to H. Neither Sumerian nor Latvian have a native H.
Saturday, June 02, 2007
LARYNGEAL THEORY - LexiLine Journal 457
While writing a paper on guttural letters my research eventually touched upon the Laryngeal theory, specifically "PIE Reconstruction: *h2enti; Hittite hanti; Latin ante (before, against)". Considerable debate still surrounds the pronunciation of the laryngeals. Many believe that they represented some sort of glottal stop or pharyngeal. I am sure you are all familiar with this continuous argument.
In that respect, I discovered the following:
(Pre-Islamic) Classical Arabic has the very same term `nd (transliterated as : H2nd) spelled with a voiced pharyngeal fricative initial letter `ayn (see the attached JPEG below).
INDO -EUROPEAN ETYMOLOGY: "Ante- prefix meaning "before," from L. ante (prep. and adv.) "before, in front of, opposite" from PIE *anti "facing opposite, near, in front of, before. From L. ante "before," from PIE *anti "facing opposite, near, in front of, before" (cf. Skt. antah "end, border, boundary," Hittite hanti "opposite," Gk. anta, anten "opposite," anti "over against, opposite, before;" O.Lith. anta "on to;" Goth. anda "along;" O.E. and- "against;" Ger. ent- "along, against"). Thus PIE (traditional) *anti "in front of and facing" > Greek antأ "against"; Latin ante "in front of, before"; (Sanskrit أ،nti "near; in the presence of"). In Hittite there is a noun ل¸«ants "front, face", with various derivatives (ل¸«antezzi "first", and so on, pointing to a PIE root-noun *hâ'ent- "face" (of which *hâ''enti would be the locative singular)"
Andis Kaulins wrote:
At the Ancient Egypt Weblog I provide my explanation for the Egyptian hieroglyphs for vowels as follows (http://www.lexiline.com/images/pharaonicvowels.png ):
The above graphic shows my discovery that the labeal, pharyngeal, velar and uvular sounds in Pharaonic Egyptian were represented by four separate hieroglyphs that correspond to the later matres lectiones of the Hebrew alphabet. Here we see that 'ayn was preeceded by a Pharaonic hieroglyph represented by a predatory bird, viz. ērglis in Indo-European (e.g. meaning "eagle" in Latvian) which is a word that is homophonic (same-sounding) with ieriklis or ierikle "in the throat" (in Latvian), so that 'ayn was most assuredly preceded by the eagle (vulture) hieroglyph representing the pharyngeal sound "in the throat".
A discussion concerning the current pronunciation of 'ayn is found at the Word Reference Forum.
The alleged PIE root 'hanti- viz. *anti- relates to two distinct ancient concepts,
namely "behind, back of" and "in front of, opposite of".
At the Bantu Basic Vocabulary Database
we find words comparable to Indo-European for the idea of "behind":
Bantu Bemba kùŋkì
Bantu Bukusu kóòŋgò
Bantu Koyo ŋgɔ̀ŋgɔ̀
or "back (of)"
Bantu Bukusu kóòŋgò
Bantu Kinyamwezi gɔ̀ɔ̀ŋgɔ̀
Bantu Lega gòŋgò
That corresponds to Indo-European, e.g. German gegen "against, opposite"
and English "against" from Middle English againes from ongeagn.
As the comparable Bantu terms show, this is a very old term in human language.
The question then arises whether the whole panoply of terms at the
"PIE Reconstruction: *h2enti; Hittite hanti; Latin ante (before, against)"
can be viewed to have the same word origin as ongeagn
or whether they have a different word origin.
Note here that *Hanti- is a term which in our opinion is already found as Hntj or Hntt in the Old Kingdom hieroglyphs of Pharaonic Egypt, e.g. in describing the concept of "in front of" in the names of the Nomes .
For example, the name of the nome that I decipher as
"14. Front of Cetus - Diphda, Hntj-j3btj, "front Eastern nome"
is seen to mean "in front of"
Hntj has also been transcribed as xntj and as Khent.
The main city of this nome was Tjaru, Greek Sile,
and in Arabic surely this was QANTaru.
We find that the Bantu Bukusu term èènì meaning "in front of" would support the Old Kingdom Pharaonic hntj "in front of", so that we would suggest that the original root of *hanti- viz. *anti- goes back to an original concept meaning "in front of", i.e. "opposite from" the viewer. The Pharaonic versions of the term would suggest a pharyngeal origin but the Bantu term would not.
In our view, all languages of the world are related in origin, a conclusion which conforms to modern genetic evidence, so that we do not turn here to the question of what here should be assigned to Proto-Indo-European (PIE) and what should be assigned to Nostratic. Egyptologists to our surprise still do not yet recognize the Indo-European stratum clearly present in Old Kingdom Pharaonic language and until they do, the whole thing is rather moot.
Thursday, May 31, 2007
Caucasus Dolmens Russia Deciphered as Astronomy - LexiLine Journal 456
[Note in the year 2010: the links to the West Caucasus Dolmens Project of Viktor Trifonov no longer exist and have been supplanted by a website on the "Project Archive" at Prehistoric Megaliths of the Western Caucasus. The website of Serg Valganov, The Dolmen Path - Russian Megaliths, at http://megalith.ru/articles/ also no longer exists but can be found at the Internet Archive Wayback Machine.]
My decipherment of the Russian dolmens relies on the placement of the position of the dolmens as found on a map [originally] published by Dr. Viktor Trifonov of the West Caucasus Dolmens Project(Institute for History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dvortsovaya nab., 18, St.-Petersburg, 191186 Russia; Tel. +7 (812) 571-50-92, fax +7 (812) 571-62-71; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.
The map of the positions of the dolmens [was originally] found at http://www.archeo.ru/eng/themes/dolmens/index.htm and http://www.archeo.ru/eng/themes/dolmens/map.1.jpg. [Note in the year 2010: the website of the West Caucasus Dolmens Project is no longer online, but the map of the position of the dolmens is found at Prehistoric Megaliths of the Western Caucasus and also at http://www.russia-ic.com/travel/places/1000/. Pictures of these dolmens are also found at Western Caucasus Dolmens.]
My interpretation of the positions of these dolmens as representing the stars of the major northern stellar constellations has been posted to the LexiLine Files under Russia Karelia and Eastern Europe as the file (shown in the graphic below) caucasusdolmensrussiadecipheredbykaulins.png
For more information, the two major websites which document the megalithic sites in the Caucasus [were originally]:
1. Viktor Trifonov, Prehistoric Megaliths in the Western Caucasus (West Caucasus Dolmens Project), at http://www.archeo.ru/eng/themes/dolmens - now at Prehistoric Megaliths of the Western Caucasus
2. Serg Valganov, The Dolmen Path - Russian Megaliths, at http://megalith.ru/articles/ [this website no longer exists - but can be found at the Internet Archive Wayback Machine]
The Dolmens of Russia are described as follows at the Wikipedia :
"These dolmens cover the Western Caucasus on both sides of the mountain ridge, in an area of approximately 12.000 square kilometres.... The monuments date between the end of the 4th millennium and .... While generally unknown in the rest of Europe, these Russian megaliths are equal to the great megaliths of Europe in terms of age and quality of architecture, but are still of an unknown origin. In spite of the variety of Caucasian monuments, they show strong similarities with megaliths from different parts of Europe and Asia, like the Iberian Peninsula, France, Great Britain, Ireland, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Israel and India. A range of hypotheses has been put forward to explain these similarities and the building of megaliths on the whole, but still it remains unclear. Approximately 3000 of these megalithic monuments are known in the Western Caucasus, but more are constantly being found, while more and more are also being destroyed. Today, many of these monuments are in great disrepair and will be completely lost if they are not protected from vandals and general neglect."
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Successful Department bids for PFA funding 2017
As promised in the School newsletter and the previous webpage update, I am pleased to be able to update everyone on the successful bids for PFA funding.
We had ten bids to consider from various school departments this year; some projects will be ongoing, whereas others build upon the curriculum and help to enrich the whole school.
Successful department bids:
Canteen New Tumble Dryer
History Replica items to assist with the study of the First and Second World Wars
Music A vocal microphone and two guitar amplifiers
MFL A grant to purchase software, a visualiser and to enable the department to take part in a 'translation bee' competition
PE Protective wear for the cricket teams
Additional Needs Purchase of SNAP software, user manual and assessment forms
Library Two sets of shelving and seating
Money given to other whole school projects:
Four outdoor Table Tennis tables, for use by the whole school
A grant to cover transport costs for the Outlook Expedition to India
Equipment to renovate and update the sound and lighting facilities in the School Hall
I am encouraged by the success of the last year and hope that we will be able to build upon various initiatives supported here over the next one.
A big thank you to the members of staff and committee members past and present who've enabled the above grants to be made, but most of all thank you to everyone who has contributed or attended PFA events in any way, shape or form.
Best wishes
Julie Walton
PFA Chair


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