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Wayang is an Indonesian word for theatre (literally "shadow").[1] When the term is used to refer to kinds of puppet theater, sometimes the puppet itself is referred to as wayang. Performances of shadow puppet theater are accompanied by gamelan in Java, and by "gender wayang" in Bali.
UNESCO designated Wayang Kulit, a shadow puppet theater and the best known of the Indonesian wayang, as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity on 7 November 2003. In return of the acknowledgment, UNESCO demanded Indonesia to preserve their heritage.[2]
Wayang is a generic term denoting traditional theatre in Indonesia. There is no evidence that wayang existed before Hinduism came to Southeast Asia sometime in the first century CE brought in by Indian traders. However, there very well may have been indigenous storytelling traditions that had a profound impact on the development of the traditional puppet theatre. The first record of a wayang performance is from an inscription dated 930 CE which says "si Galigi mawayang," or "Sir Galigi played wayang". From that time till today it seems certain features of traditional puppet theatre have remained. Galigi was an itinerant performer who was requested to perform for a special royal occasion. At that event he performed a story about the hero Bhima from the Mahabharata.
Wayang Kulit is a unique form of theatre employing light and shadow. The puppets are crafted from buffalo hide and mounted on bamboo sticks. When held up behind a piece of white cloth, with an electric bulb or an oil lamp as the light source, shadows are cast on the screen.
Wayang Kulit plays are invariably based on romantic tales, especially adaptations of the classic Indian epics, "The Mahabarata" and "The Ramayana". Some of the plays are also based on local happenings (current issues) or other local secular stories. It is up to the conductor or "Tok Dalang" to decide his direction.
The Dalang is the genius behind the entire performance. It is he who sits behind the screen and narrates the story. With a traditional orchestra in the background to provide a resonant melody and its conventional rhythm, the Dalang modulates his voice to create suspense thus heightening the drama. Invariably, the play climaxes with the triumph of good over evil.
Hinduism arrived in Indonesia from India even before the Christian era, and was slowly adopted as the local belief system. Sanskrit became the literary and court language of Java and later of Bali. The Hindus changed the Wayang (as did the Muslims, later) to spread their religion, mostly by stories from the Mahabharata or the Ramayana. Later this mixture of religion and wayang play was praised as harmony between Hinduism and traditional Indonesian culture. On Java, the western part of Sumatra and some smaller islands traditionalists continued to play the old stories for some time, but the influence of Hinduism prevailed and the traditional stories either fell into oblivion or were integrated into the Hinduistic plays.
The figures of the wayang are also present in the paintings of that time, for example, the roof murals of the courtroom in Klungkung, Bali. They are still present in traditional Balinese painting today.
When Islam began spreading in Indonesia, the display of God or gods in human form was prohibited, and thus this style of painting and shadow play was suppressed. King Raden Patah of Demak, Java, wanted to see the wayang in its traditional form, but failed to obtain permission from the Muslim religious leaders. As an alternative, the religious leaders converted the wayang golek into wayang purwa made from leather, and displayed only the shadow instead of the figures itself.[citation needed] Instead of the forbidden figures only their shadow picture was displayed, the birth of the wayang kulit.[citation needed]
The figures are painted, flat woodcarvings (a maximum of 5 to 15 mm thick -- barely half an inch) with movable arms. The head is solidly attached to the body. Wayang klitik can be used to perform puppet plays either during the day or at night. This type of wayang is relatively rare.
Wayang today is both the most ancient and most popular form of puppet theatre in the world. Hundreds of people will stay up all night long to watch the superstar performers, dalang, who command extravagant fees and are international celebrities. Some of the most famous dalang in recent history are Ki Nartosabdho, Ki Anom Suroto, Ki Asep Sunarya, Ki Sugino, and Ki Manteb Sudarsono.
Wayang kulit, shadow puppets prevalent in Java and Bali in Indonesia, are without a doubt the best known of the Indonesian wayang. Kulit means skin, and refers to the leather construction of the puppets that are carefully chiseled with very fine tools and supported with carefully shaped buffalo horn handles and control rods.
The stories are usually drawn from the Ramayana, the Mahabharata or the Serat Menak.
There is a family of characters in Javanese wayang called Punakawan; they are sometimes referred to as "clown-servants" because they normally are associated with the story's hero, and provide humorous and philosophical interludes. Semar is the father of Gareng (oldest son), Petruk, and Bagong (youngest son). These characters did not originate in the Hindu epics, but were added later, possibly to introduce mystical aspects of Islam into the Hindu-Javanese stories. They provide something akin to a political cabaret, dealing with gossip and contemporary affairs.
The puppets figures themselves vary from place to place. In Central Java the city of Surakarta (Solo) is most famous and is the most commonly imitated style of puppets. Regional styles of shadow puppets can also be found in West Java, Banyumas, Cirebon, Semarang, and East Java. Bali produces more compact and naturalistic figures, and Lombok has figures representing real people. Often modern-world objects as bicycles, automobiles, airplanes and ships will be added for comic effect, but for the most part the traditional puppet designs have changed little in the last 300 years.
Historically, the performance consisted of shadows cast on a cotton screen and an oil lamp. Today, the source of light used in wayang performance in Java is most often a halogen electric light. Some modern forms of wayang such as Wayang Sandosa created in the Art Academy at Surakarta (STSI) has employed spotlights, colored lights and other innovations.
The handwork involved in making a wayang kulit figure that is suitable for a performance takes several weeks, with the artists working together in groups. They start from master models (typically on paper) which are traced out onto kulit (skin or parchment), providing the figures with an outline and with indications of any holes that will need to be cut (such as for the mouth or eyes). The figures are then smoothed, usually with a glass bottle, and primed. The structure is inspected and eventually the details are worked through. A further smoothing follows before individual painting, which is undertaken by yet another craftsman. Finally, the movable parts (upper arms, lower arms with hands and the associated sticks for manipulation) mounted on the body, which has a central staff by which it is held. A crew makes up to ten figures at a time, typically completing that number over the course of a week.
The painting of less expensive puppets is handled expediently with a spray technique, using templates, and with a different person handling each color. Less expensive puppets, often sold to children during performances, are sometimes made on cardboard instead of leather.
Wayang wong also known as Wayang orang (literally human wayang) is a type of theatrical performance with themes from the kingdom of Jenggala, in which the players wear masks known as wayang topeng or wayang gedog. The word "gedog" comes from "kedok", which, like "topeng" means "mask". The main theme is the story of Raden Panji and Candra. This is a love story about princess Candra Kirana of Kediri and Raden Panji Asmarabangun, the crown prince of Jenggala. Candra Kirana was the incarnation of Dewi Ratih (goddess of love) and Panji was an incarnation of Kamajaya (god of love). Kirana's story was given the title "Smaradahana" ("The fire of love"). At the end of the complicated story they finally can marry and bring forth a son, named Raja Putra. Panji Asmarabangun ruled Jenggala under the official names "Sri Kameswara", "Prabu Suryowiseso", and "Hino Kertapati". Originally, wayang wong was performed only as an aristocratic entertainment in four palaces of Yogyakarta and Surakarta. In the course of time, it spread to become a popular and folk form as well.
Wayang wong has fixed patterns of movement and costume:
For male performers:
For female performers: Kshatriya noblemen. Costumes and props distinguish kings, Kshatriyas, monks, princesses, The movements known as nggruda or ngenceng encot in the classical high style of dance consist of nine basic movements (joged pokok) and twelve other movements (joged gubahan and joged wirogo) and are used in portraying Bedoyo and Srimpi.
Today, the wayang wong, following the Gagrak style of Surakarta, is danced by women. They follow the alus movements associated with a Kshatriya, resembling Arjuna. Following the Gagkra style from Yogyakarta a male dancer uses these same Alus movements to depict princes and generals. There are about 45 distinct character types.
Wayang golek are wooden doll puppets that are operated from below by rods connected to the hands and a central control rod that runs through the body to the head. The simple construction of the puppets belies their versatility, expressiveness and aptitude for imitating human dance. Little is known for certain about the history of wayang golek, but scholars have speculated that it most likely originated in China and arrived in Java sometime in the 17th century. Some of the oldest traditions of wayang golek are from the north coast of Java in what is called the pasisir region. This is home to some of the oldest Muslim kingdoms in Java and it is likely the wayang golek grew in popularity through telling the wayang menak stories of Amir Hamza, the uncle of Muhammad. These stories are still widely performed in Kabumen, Tegal, and Jepara as wayang golek menak, and in Cirebon, wayang golek cepak. Legendary origins of wayang golek attribute their invention to the Muslim saint Wali Sunan Kudus, who used the medium to proselytize Muslim values. In the 18th century the tradition moved into the mountains of West Java where it eventually was used to tell stories of the Ramayana and the Mahabarata in a tradition now called wayang golek purwa, which can be found in Bandung, Bogor and Jakarta. Wayang golek purwa has become the most popular form of wayang golek today and the most famous puppeteer family is the Sunarya family which has produced several generations of stellar performers.
Wayang klitik figures occupy a middle ground between the figures of wayang golek and wayang kulit. They are constructed similarly to wayang kulit figures, but from thin pieces of wood instead of leather, and, like wayang kulit figures, are used as shadow puppets. A further similarity is that they are the same smaller size as wayang kulit figures. However, wood is more subject to breakage than leather. During battle scenes, wayang klitik figures often sustain considerable damage, much to the amusement of the public, but in a country in which before 1970 there were no adequate glues available, breakage generally meant an expensive, newly made figure. On this basis the wayang klitik figures, which are to appear in plays where they have to endure battle scenes, have leather arms. The name of these figures is onomotopaeic, from the sound klitik-klitik, that these figures make when worked by the dalang.
Wayang klitik figures come originally from eastern Java, where one still finds workshops turning them out. They are less costly to produce than wayang kulit figures.
The origin of the stories involved in these puppet plays comes from the kingdoms of eastern Java: Jenggala, Kediri and Majapahit. From Jenggala and Kediri come the stories of Raden Panji and Cindelaras, which tells of the adventures of a pair of village youngsters with their fighting cocks. The Damarwulan presents the stories of a hero (Damarwulan) from Majapahit. Damarwulan is a clever chap, who with courage, aptitude, intelligence and the assistance of his young lover Anjasmara, makes a surprise attack on the neighboring kingdom and brings down Minakjinggo, an Adipati (viceroy) of Blambangan and mighty enemy of Majapahit's beautiful queen Sri Ratu Kencanawungu. As a reward, Damarwulan is married to Kencanawungu and becomes king of Majapahit; he also takes Lady Anjasmara as a second wife. This story is full of love affairs and battles and is very popular with the public. The dalang is liable to incorporate the latest local gossip and quarrels and work them into the play as comedy.
The wayang beber has strong similarities to narratives in the form of illustrated ballads that were common at annual fairs in medieval and early modern Europe. They have also been subject to the same fate—they have nearly vanished. Chinese visitors to Java during the 15th century described a storyteller or unrolled scrolls and told stories that made the audience laugh or cry. A few scrolls of images remain from those times, found today in museums. There are two sets, hand-painted on hand-made bark cloth, that are still owned by families who have inherited them from many generations ago, in Pacitan and Wonogiri, both villages in Central Java. Performances, mostly in small open-sided pavilions or auditoriums, take place according to the following pattern:
The dhalang (puppeteer, narrator) gives a sign, the small gamelan orchestra with drummer and a few knobbed gongs and a musician with a rebab (violin-like instrument held vertically) begins to play and the dhalang unrolls the first scroll of the story. Then, speaking and singing, he narrates the episode in more detail. In this manner, in the course of the evening he unrolls several scrolls one at a time. Each scene in the scrolls represents a story or part of a story. The content of the story typically stems from the Panji romances which are semi-historical legends set in the 12th-13th century East Javanese kingdoms of Jenggala, Daha and Kedhiri, and also in Bali.
This newly developed form is used by teachers of Islam to show the principles of Muslim ethics and religion to the natives of Java and Bali. [1]
This form was created in the 1960s by the Javanese Jesuit Bruder (Brother) Timotheus L. Wignyosoebroto (modern spelling Wignyosubroto) who sought to show the Javanese and other Indonesians the teachings of the Catholic Church in a manner accessible to the audience. In the beginning, the puppets were often made of paper because it was less expensive than the traditional water buffalo hide. It became a popular as an alternative method of telling Bible stories.[2]


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This course will provide you with the knowledge and skills to configure and manage a Microsoft Exchange Server 2010 messaging environment. This course will teach you how to configure Exchange Server 2010, as well as provide guidelines, best practices, and considerations that will help you optimize your Exchange server deployment.
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Life is not a sprint, for Limerick marathon runner
a SIXTY-SIX-year-old Limerickman, with 62 marathons under his slim belt, is among the 2,000 who have now signed up for the Barringtons Hospital Great Limerick Run six-mile run in four weeks' time.
Peter Hogan, originally from Mary Street and now living in Ballynanty Road, has completed a marathon for nearly every year of his life, and has not ruled out running one again.
However, Peter will by no means be the most senior competitor in the race, as two 82-year-old local men will also be running the six-mile race, among some 10,000 taking part overall.
Throughout his running career, the former school care-taker at St Mary's has taken part in runs all across Ireland, and beyond to Rome, Amsterdam, Paris, London, New York, Boston, Chicago, Berlin, Barcelona and Berlin.
He first started running back in 1981 when he was 18.5 stone and wanted to lose weight.
He lost over four stone within two years, and ran his first half marathon after a chance encounter with a man planning the route in Limerick and decided to sign up. From then on he ran half marathons on a regular basis and, on a whim one day, decided to run further than usual. He ran from 8am to 1pm, and marathon number one was soon born.
He did his first Limerick and Dublin marathon in five hours and 55 minutes, but will always look upon Dublin as his favourite run, as he achieved his personal best time in the capital, at three hours and 35 minutes. "I love the thrill and the camaraderie involved in running marathons. I find it great that Limerick city now has such a large scale event that others, like myself, can get involved in."
However, he laments that marathon running has now become such an expensive sport in recent years.
He now trains three days a week, including jogging in the leisure centre at Grove Island, and especially loves to run by Limerick Country Club, where he has been a member for the last 35 years. His advice to beginners is to stop looking at their watch, don't drink at all water station on the routes, and to go to bed early the night before race. He also believes that a cup of coffee before a marathon makes him feel better and stronger. He doesn't exercise to any music, and advises people not to run on an empty stomach. Asked how long he'll keep running, he said: "Until I can't do it anymore."


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I didn't necessarily mean to take the week off of blogging, but I did finally get that looming resume done- minus a few tweaks, so it was a well-used hiatus.
This week on What to Wear, we are showing you what we like to wear to work. I didn't have time for many photos because, well, I was running late for work…
I work in a really busy, family owned restaurant, and one of my top three things about working there is that we get to wear what we want. My only two rules are: hair up and comfortable shoes, and even those are kind of self imposed.
I've worked there 7.5 years, and my work style has definitely changed over the years. I used to focus more on being comfortable and casual, now I still like to be comfortable but have fun experimenting with my wardrobe.
Adrian gave me this skirt a couple months ago when we met for coffee and I love it! It's so versatile and goes with everything (in my mind…). I won't show you a closeup of the shoes because my Minnetonka moccs have seen better days, to say the least. They have been trusty work shoes for two years now, but it's seriously time to break down and buy a new pair.
skirt: gift from Adrian
shirt & handmade brooch: birthday gifts
scarf: thrifted
shoes: Minnetonka moccs
sweater: Target
Well, I'm off- I'm curious to see what the other ladies wear to work! If you feel like joining in, just head over to the linkup on Gypsy in Jasper!This entry was posted in outfits and tagged outfits, t-store scores, vintage, what to wear. ← a little bit hippy… Wheel's Up… →
You are so bright and cheerful. I love this outfit. If you were my server, I'd be whispering to all my friends that you're the most beautiful girl, with the best style. xo
That is such a cute outfit! Love it!
That outfit can forgive any forgotten orders, overcooked vegetables or dirty plates :-)
Oh man, I love that skirt! I agree with Nicole…cutest server ever!
That skirt is stunning!
That skirt looks great on you, Lisa! Hey! I have that same polka dot sleeveless blouse!
That skirt, my goodness its amazing! Great outfit! =}
dah! such a cute outfit!!!
So lovely. I adore that skirt, the colors are wonderful.
wow! Look at the skirt! So wonderful! <3
That skirt is so cute – I would wear it every day! :) That is really nice that you can wear whatever you want to work too! :) Wishing you a great weekend, dear! xo
How fun that you get to wear this to work! I'm lucky to have a workplace where I can wear whatever also. Your outfit is so fun here – I love the colors!
I love everything about this playful outfit! I could wear that cardigan and button up every day and be ok with myself. SO cute together
What a fun outfit to wear to work! That'd definitely make me more cheerful. :)
I love it, you definitely must be the most adorable gal at the whole restaurant! The skirt is so fun, what a sweet gift from Adrian! Happy Friday to you!
xo Hannah
That skirt is absolutely amazing!!
Could that skirt be any more fantastic? I think not. What a wonderful piece of attire, and to be given it by a friend is tops it all. I really like how you've styled it. Personally, I stand by your self-imposed rule of comfortable footwear. I wonder how some ladies do it. I had a wee giggle yesterday, as I was walking home from a restaurant after dinner. A beautifully dressed woman off to the side of the walkway, bending over as she changed her shoes into flats. I could almost feel her sigh of relief.
Cute skirt! I love the colors. And I am the same way with my moccassins: I wear them until they are almost worn through because they are so darn comfortable! Up until last year I had a pair from my freshman year of college (that would be seven years!)
This skirt is incredible. I wish I worked somewhere where I had freedom!
Very cute indeed. I love that you like color as much as I do. The more the better!
nothing but a pigeon
Omigoodness Lisa, I am in love with this outfit. It is so charming, colorful, and fun! Just the perfect outfit to move around in, feeling comfortable and yourself in! Just so adorable! And that skirt…man, I am envious, it is amazing!
that skirt is amazing!! & i love how you paired it w/ chambray polka dots, def didnt expect that & it looks great. do your clients compliment you on your outfits? i'd imagine they!
This is such a cute outfit! Makes me happy just looking at that skirt!


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As the weekend wraps up all too quickly, sports fans will at least be able to take in a few more options for online sports betting, before the inevitable return to the work week comes down upon us all. At least for Sunday, the action in Major League Baseball carries on like clockwork, with another 15 games scheduled throughout the afternoon and evening, and NASCAR Sprint Cup Series racing continues on into the second half with today's showdown in New Hampshire. With a number of weekend series wrapping up today, there's going to be great betting opportunities on some solid pitching match-ups, teams either looking to avoid being swept, or trying to complete series sweeps, and many teams on hot streaks worth following towards the betting lines at one of the top reviewed sportsbooks found here at CR. For today, we're jumping down to Betonline sportsbook, one of our favorite weekend sports betting destinations offering a simple design, competitive betting lines, and solid customer support whenever you need it.
Checking out the top options for betting on Major League Baseball today, first look to the early games on the schedule, including an important Game 3 showdown between the Los Angeles Angels and the New York Yankees. After losing 4 consecutive times on the road, the Angels will look to avoid a sweep at the hands of the Yankees, and could be in line to do so behind Jered Weaver (10-1, 1.96 ERA), who seeks a 5th consecutive win today. He'll have to challenge Ivan Nova (10-3, 3.92 ERA), who continues to improve and has the luck of the Yankees behind him. Find New York at -102 odds to win, with LA at -108 odds as a very slight favorite to avoid the sweep today. Make sure to also check out a grip of other afternoon games getting underway, with the Washington Nationals in a solid showdown with the Miami Marlins (Stephen Strasburg vs. Ricky Nolasco), the New York Mets looking to avoid being swept by the Atlanta Braves (Johan Santana vs. Ben Sheets), and the Toronto Blue Jays and Cleveland Indians wrapping up their series with a rubber match featuring Derek Lowe and Carlos Villanueva.
Moving into more afternoon games worth wagering on, make sure to take a look at the Detroit Tigers and Justin Verlander (9-5, 2.58 ERA), who will be facing the Baltimore Orioles and spot-starter Miguel Gonzalez (1-0, 1.93 ERA). Detroit should be in line for a bounce back after dropping their first game last night despite winning 6 straight games previously. With Detroit a large -173 favorite straight up, we're going after the Tigers to cover the spread at 1 ½ runs (-115 odds). Find other great pitching duels this afternoon as the Chicago Cubs battle the Arizona Diamondbacks and seek a rare sweep at home (Trevor Cahill vs. Matt Garza), catch a great series finale between the Boston Red Sox and the Tampa Bay Rays as Josh Beckett (4-7, 4.43 ERA) takes on James Shields (8-5, 4.17 ERA), and the San Francisco Giants have Matt Cain (9-3, 2.62 ERA) going for his 10th win on the season as the try to sweep the Houston Astros out of town. Wrap up the MLB action on the day with a great game of the night featuring the Cincinnati Reds and the St. Louis Cardinals, in a find NL Central showdown that finds the hosting Reds looking to sweep their rivals out of town.
For NASCAR action today, look to the short track at New Hampshire Speedway to provide a close-quarters showdown between some of the top names in racing today, with Kyle Busch sitting on the pole position for the Lenox Industrial Tools 301. This race is the marker for the half-way point in the grueling Sprint Cup Series campaign, and with temperatures soaring, last year's Sprint Cup Series champion Tony Stewart has to be among the favorites, having excelled in the heat last season to earn 2nd place, with teammate Ryan Newman grabbing the pole and the trip to winners' circle. Other drivers having success at this track, and worthy of consideration for wagering on today's race at the short 1.058 mile track are Jeff Gordon (starting 8th, most laps led all-time), Jimmy Johnson (starting 7th, one of only two back-to-back winners), Joey Logano (16th, youngest winner at 19, in 2009) and Denny Hamlin (6 top-10 finishes in 6 starts in New Hampshire). Look out for some amazing racing action here this Sunday afternoon, and some great chances for exciting sports betting to wrap up your weekend!


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God of death crash
Anarchymedes last edited by
Alpha 0.6.2.0 (Windows 10 64-bit, local server)
Command /godofdeath (as an admin) crashes the client:
Caught exception: Caught exception invoking RPC SendChat on ChatManager!
Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation.
Exception of type 'C5.CollectionModifiedException' was thrown.
at System.RuntimeMethodHandle.InvokeMethod(Object target, Object[] arguments, Signature sig, Boolean constructor)
at System.Reflection.RuntimeMethodInfo.UnsafeInvokeInternal(Object obj, Object[] parameters, Object[] arguments)
at System.Reflection.RuntimeMethodInfo.Invoke(Object obj, BindingFlags invokeAttr, Binder binder, Object[] parameters, CultureInfo culture)
at Eco.Gameplay.ChatManager.InvokeCommand(MethodInfo method, String args, User user)
at Eco.Gameplay.ChatManager.ProcessAsCommand(String text, User user)
at Eco.Gameplay.ChatManager.SendChat(ChatMessage msg, String text, User user)
LoonyPup last edited by
WHat does /godofdeath supposed to do?
rentechd last edited by
did you make a bug report about this on github?
Anarchymedes last edited by
@rentechd said:
did you make a bug report about this on github?
No, I don't have a github account.
ClayC last edited by
@LoonyPup Kill all animals / beings not players


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All Properties Details
- fully fitted kitchens with integral appliances including dishwasher, fridge/freezer, washer/dryer, microwave, hob and oven
- 32" Flat Screen TV and hi-fi system
- utilities (electricity, gas, water) included
- bed linen provided
- bath towels provided (please bring beach towels)
Outdoor areas
The cottages with secure gardens, ideal for families with small children.
The apartments all have balconies or outside areas with good sea views.
The Bredon Court properties are close to town with all conveniences (supermarket etc.) within a short walk, yet they are very quiet and have easy access to the beach via a path across the golf course.
The Ocean 1 properties are on the Pentire peninsula, and are about 15 minutes walk from the town centre. They are 100 yards from steps leading down to the beach, passing by an excellent beach bar/restaurant and surf equipment hire half way down.
All properties are dog-friendly. Dogs must be well behaved, not on furniture or in bedrooms, and no evidence left behind. Properties with outside areas (4 Bredon Court and Apt 2 Ocean 1) may be the most suitable. There is a small extra charge.
Disabled friendly
41 Bredon Court is wheelchair accessible.
Smoking policy
All properties are non-smoking
Changeover day
Bookings are normally for 7 nights, with changeover day on Saturday. Short breaks are available out of high season.
More information
For more details and photos for individual properties, go to the relevant menu.


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We keep hearing about advanced electrified tech as the means to meeting government fleet economy averages – and it yet may be – but at present the class leader is a non-hybrid and non-EV manufacturer, Mazda.
Mazda's 12 models listed by the EPA's fueleconomy.gov site total only a third as many models as Toyota offers, for example, so it has fewer cars to make efficient.
Nonetheless, Mazda for the past three years has been number one – except maybe for Hyundai which along with sister company Kia was not listed due to uncertainties following an ongoing EPA investigation.
With these qualifiers stated, according to the just-released U.S. EPA Trends data, Mazda's fleet-wide fuel economy and emissions output beats that of 10 other major manufacturers.
Mazda's average mpg is 27.5, beating next-up Honda's 27, and third-place Toyota's 25.2. Its CO2 emissions is estimated at 324 grams per mile, compared to Honda's 329 and Toyota's 352 – and incidentally, Nissan is on the verge of taking Toyota's place.
The EPA's chart however is not based on window sticker economy ratings that consumers normally see, but on "real world" data the government derives.
"Adjusted CO2 values are, on average, about 25-percent higher than the unadjusted laboratory CO2 values that form the starting point for GHG standards compliance" says the EPA in a qualifying footnote, "and adjusted fuel economy values are about 20-percent lower, on average, than unadjusted fuel economy values."
This said, without benefit of hybridization or electric cars, Mazda's modest number of model offerings is quietly beating competitors that normally gain great credibility for their yet-small electrification efforts.
"That's pretty impressive, huh?" said Mazda's Dan Ryan manager, Government & Public Affairs today of its being on top of the government's list.
Ryan attributes the high average to SKYACTIV technology, "our biggest R&D program ever," which the company officially describes as an approach to improving overall vehicle efficiency.
"SKYACTIV TECHNOLOGY is a blanket term for Mazda's innovative new-generation technologies that are being developed under the company's long-term vision for technology development, Sustainable Zoom-Zoom," says the automaker.
In essence, it's Mazda's marketing term for optimization of existing tech.
And, it's being blended into Mazda's model range to achieve decent if not chart-topping efficiency for any one stand-out model. None of Mazda's cars beat a Prius or a Volt, for example, but for all the internal combustion-only cars Mazda sells, their fleet-wide average adds up to a better score.
The "SKYACTIV" nomenclature applies to not just gas and diesel engines – the latter is not yet available in the U.S., but will be – but also transmissions, body and chassis.
Ryan said 75 percent of Mazda's product sales are now SKYACTIV, indicating a fast take-off since the 2012 Mazda 3 became the first car to utilize it.
Since then, the 2013 CX-5 and Mazda 6 also include it at no extra price premium like hybridization typically does, said Ryan.
"I sort of characterize it as fuel economy for everyone," he said.
Ryan noted SKYACTIV improved the Mazda 3's highway fuel economy from 32 mpg to 40, and the Mazda 6 from 30 mpg to 38. Similar improvements are experienced in any model receiving the SKYACTIV treatment.
But then you have Kia and Hyundai, currently in the EPA's detention hall, and separated from their peers due to allegedly inaccurate claimed numbers. This may be so, but despite its alleged naughty or careless behavior, Hyundai may yet be the current over-achiever, if the EPA's grading on a curve is itself accurate.
"On November 2, 2012, EPA announced that Hyundai and Kia would lower their fuel economy estimates for many vehicle models as the result of an EPA investigation of test data," said the EPA. "Based on these corrected data, Hyundai's values are 27.2 mpg and 327 g/mi CO2 for MY 2011, 28.3 mpg and 314 g/mi CO2 for MY 2012, and 28.3 mpg and 315 g/mi CO2 for MY 2013 (preliminary) [emphases ours]. Kia's values are 25.8 mpg and 345 g/mi CO2 for MY 2011, 26.5 mpg and 336 g/mi CO2 for MY 2012, and 27.3 mpg and 326 g/mi CO2 for MY 2013 (preliminary)."
If indeed the EPA's preliminary correct numbers are accurate, this would mean Kia is holding down third place behind Mazda, and Hyundai's 2012/2013 scores make the Korean automaker's fleet the most efficient of all.


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Continuing on from my last post (Flying on Grass), a little discussion of one particular grass field:
This picture was taken in Harbour Grace, Newfoundland—by far, my favourite place to take students for some initial exposure to real challenging conditions (as distinct from the simulated conditions we often set up on long paved runways for training purposes).
Aside from being a great little airstrip, Harbour Grace has some history. It was the launch site for some of the original successful international and trans-atlantic flights (read up on some of the history HERE), although Alcock and Brown launched out of St. John's, just a few minute flight time to the East.
I took the picture while I stood on top of the 65 foot rock (read "obstacle") that must be cleared prior to landing. The aircraft was being flown by two of my instructor students. At this point, they had cleared the obstacle, and were completing their approach to the grass strip, which also has a 4% downgrade. In light winds, this is one of the few one-way runways outside the Rockies. You can land uphill with no obstacle on the approach, and takeoff downhill away from the obstacle. Unfortunately, this is Newfoundland, and light-wind days are few and far between. So, with prevailing winds out of the West, landing over the obstacle onto the downslope is the norm.
This is a good example of a place where you might push the limits of not only the aircraft, but the pilot. Precision control of glidepath, aim point, and airspeed are vital, or the approach will be unsuccessful. I have yet to see a pilot (private, commercial, or instructor candidate) make a successful, unassisted landing on their first attempt. On the other hand, I have yet to see a pilot who couldn't land here safely after a bit of practice. Perhaps the most important skill one needs before attempting to land in a place like this is the overshoot/go-around. The overshoot is your "out" if things don't go exactly according to plan. Don't be surprised if you need to use it here.
During takeoff, there is a clear preference to takeoff downhill and away from the obstacle. Luckily, the prevailing winds usually support this preference. However, I have had one occasion of taking off on the upslope and over the obstacle. We had landed uphill with a light headwind, with the plan to takeoff downhill with a light tailwind (less than 10 knots and within the limits of the aircraft we were flying). But we stopped for a break and wouldn't you know it, but the winds picked up. leaving us with three options:
- Takeoff downhill with no obstacle, but with a tailwind outside my comfort zone. This was a non-starter.
- Sit tight and wait for the winds to change. This showed some promise, although it might have been a long wait.
- Takeoff into the headwind uphill over the obstacle. But only after confirming it could be done and establishing an "out".
Option 2 woud clearly be the safest. But the question we faced was, could we make option 3 work safely? The answer came down to two actions and a possible third.
First, we spent some time crunching numbers—to see if it worked on paper. With a margin of error. Accounting for the gradient, the grass, and the non-standard (i.e. - not 50 ') obstacle required the application of some rules-of thumb. Not being manufacturer-approved, it was important to make sure the rules we used were conservative—that they erred on the side of caution. As it turned out, the winds really helped. Too strong to allow for a tailwind takeoff, they contributed greatly to shortening our takeoff and climb distance when applied as a headwind.
Second, we identified and marked a reject point. As it happend, the "mark" was pre-existing, but getting out and placing a deliberate stack of rocks (or some other marker) would have been an option if there weren't a natural mark to use. The ability to reject the takeoff was our "out" if the calculations were wrong, or if the engine wasn't actually performing as advertised. Or if any one of a host of other things didn't go as planned. The ability to reject a takeoff is just as important as the abilty to go-around from a bad approach or landing.
Our possible third option was leaving our passenger (a second student observing from the back seat) behind. If the takeoff was too marginal, the weight reduction could make enough of a difference to get us out. That would have meant returning without the front seat passenger (the student), and would have been a bit of a hassle. But it might have made the difference if we couldn't all get out together. As luck would have it, this wasn't necessary. But it was discussed as an option.
After all of this planning and thought, the takeoff itself was almost anti-climactic—a non-event. We accelerated (slowly, as anticipated) to our reject speed, after which we passed our reject point and made the "continue" decision. Then we lifted off and climbed over the obstacle—with a shallow left turn to take advantage of the slope of the obstacle (it's lower on the left than on the right), clearing it with plenty of margin. All in all a good day, a good flight, and a valuable unplanned learning experience.
Landing on (and taking off from) grass surfaces is something we train for. But almost always under "simulated" conditions—where we get to practice the technique, but are forced to skimp on much of the decision making. The opportunity to try things out on real grass is invaluable for students, and very rewarding for experienced pilots.
Happy Flying!


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TENZELL INDUSTRIAL SUPPLY is a distributor, dealer and value-added reseller of electronic component solutions, hardware, paint and etc. for today's "connected" world.
We are NOT a general line distributor or a broker. We are a "niche" distributor, a specialist. We firmly believe in the intrinsic value of distribution, a value that can be appreciated by all of our valued partners…customers, component manufacturers and the local manufacturer's representatives.
We provide technical assistance, arrange for samples, provide accurate price and delivery quotes, coordinate follow up between the customer, rep and manufacturer, take orders large and small, offer value added customizing capabilities, and offer innovative inventory management solutions.


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- With ANTI-DRIFT Technology:
Electrostatic Charge, High Density (E±S+)
ULV- Absolute (droplets spectrum up to VMD90)
- Industrial Lombardini diesel Engine, 3-cyl. 27 Hp, water cooled.
- Automatic protection for the engine: it will stop automatically when critical temperature or lack of oil.
- Cannon Flexigun-26, Omni-directional pointing, Vertical and Horizontal.
- With Wide spraying Mouthpiece, for a fast spraying of large surfaces: hedges, slopes, banks of canals, etc. With ON / OFF facility.
- Spray range up to 20 / 25 meters, horizontal / vertical,
- Impact-absorbing Clutch on the base of cannon mouthpiece.
- Autotensor - Antishock system on the mechanics of Cannon pointing.
- Feeding line and Power Cables: integrated, guided and protected.
- PE tank 400 L, Algae resistant Green. With a large mech. content meter.
- Pressure pump TEA-55 = 54 l / min, 0-40 bar.
- Super-regulating Telecontrol Exact, Constant Pressure.
- Autofilter: Continuous Automatic Self-Cleaning Pressure Filter: Spray nozzles never clogged
- Hot dip galvanized.
- The machine is fixed on the pick-up or removed in 30 sec.
- All features: Engine start and stop, Gradual Engine acceleration-deceleration, ON / OFF spraying, Cannon Pointing horizontally and vertically, Headlight, automatic "back and forth" spraying, Electrostatic Charge, are controlled by an ergonomic push button, Wireless.
- Dim. cm. L 150, W 100, H 150. Weight empty, no accessories, kg. 320.


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microarray chips Stocks and Companies
The following are stocks or mutual funds tagged as microarray chips. When researching companies, it is important to know what companies have a similar focus. The stocks below have been categorized as "microarray chips" by either user submission or electronic means.
Tag » microarray chips
Related Tags:


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World renowned fitness experts Jay Blahnik and Josh Crosby offer tips on technique and timing for proper rowing form in this how to row clip. Whether in group exercise classes or rowing at home to maintain fitness and health, correct form is critical to prevent injury and maximize the benefits of a rowing workout.
This rowing video is an outstanding tool for competitive rowers, cross-fit enthusiasts, endurance athletes or simply anyone that has ever wanted to enjoy the benefits of rowing.
Thinking about purchasing a rowing machine or Waterrower for your home gym? Browse our collection or drop into FEC and try one out!


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VDOT News - Staunton
Sandy Myers 540-332-9201
Ken Slack 540-332-9264
June 8, 2016
STAUNTON – Contractors have nearly finished phase one in the reconstruction of the exit 310 interchange along Interstate 81 in Frederick County. Newly built portions of Route 37, Route 642 (Tasker Road) and Route 847 (Hillandale Lane) are scheduled to open on Tuesday, June 14, just east of the I-81 interchange at Kernstown. Motorists should be alert for significant traffic pattern changes.
Route 37 will extend about 0.33 mile to the east, where it will split into eastbound and westbound ramps that intersect with the relocated portion of Route 642. The realigned Route 847 will intersect with Route 642 just north of Route 37.
The Virginia Department of Transportation will use signs, pavement markings and variable message boards to advise drivers of these changes. Virginia State Police will also provide assistance when the new traffic patterns are implemented. They are scheduled to take place from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. on June 14, weather permitting. In the event of inclement weather, the traffic changes will be rescheduled for the next available clear day.
Moving these intersections further east allows contractors to reconstruct the I-81 interchange with a "spread diamond" configuration, which spreads the ramps outward and widens them with dual right- and left-turn lanes. Just west of the interstate, the exit 310 project will also modify the ramps at the Route 37 interchange with Route 11.
General Excavation Inc. (GEI) of Warrenton, Va. was awarded a construction contract valued at nearly $25 million. The exit 310 project is scheduled for completion in May 2018. Additional information about this project including maps, diagrams and photographs can be found at http://www.virginiadot.org/projects/staunton/i-81_exit_310.asp.
The VDOT Staunton District serves Frederick, Shenandoah, Clarke, Warren, Page, Rockingham, Augusta, Highland, Rockbridge, Alleghany and Bath counties.
Traffic alerts and traveler information can be obtained by dialing 511. Traffic alerts and traveler information also are available at 511Virginia.org. For other assistance call the VDOT Customer Service Center, available 24 hours-a-day, seven days a week. Citizens can dial 1-800-FOR- ROAD (1-800-367-7623) from anywhere in the state to report road hazards, ask transportation questions, or get information related to Virginia's roads.
The Staunton District Twitter feed is at @VaDOTStaunton. VDOT can be followed on Facebook, Flickr, Twitter and YouTube. RSS feeds are also available for statewide information. The VDOT Web page is located at www.VirginiaDOT.org.
Information in VDOT news releases was accurate at the time the release was published. For the most current information about projects or programs, please visit the project or program Web pages. You may find those by searching by keyword in the search Virginia DOT box above.


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MAP is currently preparing to lead Catholic Youth Advocacy Day 2012, on March 20th! We are expecting a large audience of 500 students, and are excited to share our work with attendees. Below is an article written by MAP member Melanie Mascarenhas, inspired by Asm. Jim Beall's efforts to reform our foster care system. Be sure to check our blog every week leading up to the event for more articles about different local and global sociopolitical issues.
A college diploma: the program that allows an aspiring young adult to have the opportunity to make their dreams into a reality.
At a glance, college seems fairly accessible. There's financial aid for the economically disadvantaged; there are scholarships available for the enterprising student and college fairs and college counselors and entire websites wholly dedicated to college.
And yet, there are those who, at the end of their fourth year of high school, do not go on to a collegiate institution. Specifically, only 2% of individuals in the foster care system proceed to earn a college degree (Peterson). Why? Because those in foster care often spend their childhood bouncing from home to home. As a result, they often do not have a solid academic foundation and miss quite a bit of school. Furthermore, foster children often aren't able to make full use of the tools available to them. Growing up with no constant parental guidance makes it unlikely for the average foster child to have someone to turn to for assistance and support with the stressful and strenuous college application process.
Aside from their background, foster children's' futures are hindered by societal labels placed upon them. The common ideas that foster students "can't earn a college diploma" and "are intentionally underachieving" are undoubtedly disheartening to a foster child looking into attending college (Peterson). After all, priorities, personalities, and people are shaped and influenced by outside sources, community included.
What really needs to take root into foster students' lives is affirmation: showing foster students that they can earn a degree, that they can go to graduate school if they so desire, that they have potential and the ability and resources to fulfill it. Foster students simply need to have the chance to go out and do great things. They need someone to believe in them and their abilities just like any teen. They need society to stop the judgment and start to see them not as needy foster kids but merely as kids who need a chance.
Blog article written by Melanie Mascarenhas.


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With mounting evidence that Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 was shot down by Ukrainian separatist rebels who believed they were engaging a military aircraft, attention is focusing on the Russian-built Almaz-Antey Buk-M1 ground-based air defense system (GBADS) that destroyed the airliner. The Buk-M1 (SA-11 Gadfly to NATO) can be used by minimally trained operators to deliver a lethal attack, without the safeguards built into other comparable GBADS, an Aviation Week analysis shows. It is also ...
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Most Expensive Deserts In The World
You might have spent a few extra dollars on a steak and thought well that was extravagant but wait until you see the list of food we have gathered for you tonight. These extravagant twists on everyday foods is the best example of "rich people are just like normal people, with much more money in their hands"
World's Most Expensive Ice Cream Sundae
You might have been eating sundaes for the better part of your life spending maybe a few dollars on it. There is only one way to make a sundae, a few scoops of frozen milk and some extra toppings with sauce. However, a creamery in Tanzania, Three Twins has come up with an amazing twist on an everyday sundae with a bill of $60,000. Now don't be alarmed the price is not for the dessert alone but it also includes first class airfare to Tanzania, five-star accommodations, a guided climb, as much ice cream as you can eat and a souvenir t-shirt made from organic cotton. Nothing says luxury like eating a sundae atop a mountain, it sure beats your everyday ice cream cone.
Golden Opulence
Dessert is a craving most of us cannot deny, whether it be an ice cream or some chocolate pudding, we need something sweet to fix the craving, know more at emack and bolios Thai. At the infamous Serendipity 3 restaurant in New York City has made every millionaire chocoholic's dream come true, a $1000 sundae. Its price is only a reflection of its ingredients which include almeida procelana, Venezuelan chuao, Tahitian Vanilla gelato infused with Madagascan vanilla and the entire dessert is wrapped in a 23 karat gold leaf. The dessert has a two day advance reservation necessity and is ordered about 50 times a year to mark special occasions such as birthdays, anniversaries and graduations. What better way is there to celebrate you spending hundreds of thousands of dollars at college than spending another thousand on a sundae.
The Golden Phoenix
Dubai been known to be one of the world's most luxurious cities. With its face paced development and natural wealth, this city has been known for breaking the boundaries when it comes to luxury. And keeping up with than Dubai style of living the Bloomsbury cupcake store has just revealed its most decadent piece yet, the Golden Phoenix which available with the price tag of £ 645. The cupcake which is made from the finest ingredients in the world, including Almeida cocoa, Ugandan vanilla beans and 24 karat gold sheets. Talk about eating away your wealth.


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The sport of Schutzhund is a temperament test for working dogs like German Shepherds. Dogs that pass Schutzhund trials must have certain traits. They need to be intelligent, trainable, protective, and confident. Schutzhund dogs produce puppies like themselves. The same traits that make good Schutzhund dogs also make great family pets. Not only do I title my dogs in Schutzhund, but I also Breed Survey them. In order for a dog to become Breed Surveyed, certain criteria must be met. The dog needs to be titled, he must pass a 12 mile endurance test, his hips need to be certified free of hip dysplasia, and he must get a rating from a Conformation Show proving he is structurally correct. Once all this criteria is met, the dog goes in front of a Breed Survey Judge, who examines him carefully and observes him doing a protection routine. Only when a dog passes all this, can he be considered Breed Surveyed and be desirable to be bred. All my dogs are Breed Surveyed before being allowed to have puppies. This is why my dogs produce such high quality puppies, who become not only sport or competition dogs, but also loyal companions and enjoyable pets. My puppies, with the right training, also make excellent protection dogs.
Before my puppies go to their new home, they are checked by a veterinarian, receive their first shots, are socialized.
ISABEL de Locherie earned her BH under Hermann Schaemann at OG Ohio on May 25th.
IVY de Locherie earned her IPO1 at North East Ohio Working Dog Club on April 28th under SV Judge Peter Rohde.
EDWARD de Locherie competed in the Working Dog Championship in April. We failed the tracking phase, but did well in obedience and protection phases. Not too bad for a first time Championship competitor.


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You complete me. There really is no match for your wonderfulness. You've made it possible for me to feed even the most carnivorous of omnivores without a fuss, and you've enabled me to recreate childhood favorites like a charm. These Vegan Chicken Salad Sandwiches were delectable, delightful perfection.
Please keep doing what you're doing for years to come.
EffYeah Apryl
- 1 package Beyond Meat Grilled Style, or 12 oz. Morningstar Farms Chicken Strips, thawed.
- 2 stalks celery, minced
- 2 green onions, minced
- 1/2-2/3 cup vegan mayo (I use Vegenaise)
- 1/4 cup seasoned bread crumbs
- salt and pepper to taste
In a food processor, process the Beyond Meat until it's small and flaky, kinda like canned tuna fish. Mince finely if you don't have a food processor.
Mix together the Beyond Meat, celery, onions, mayo, bread crumbs and salt and pepper.
Refrigerate for at least 1 hour to allow the flavors to meld.
Serve on sourdough bread or however else you like to eat vegan chicken salad (my fave is on celery sticks).


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With threats coming from all angles, CIOs have had to stay sharp on many fronts. A look back at the Top 10 Stories on CIOs.net demonstrates just how diverse the issues are facing the IT field and its top executives.
No complicated algorithms were necessary to develop our list of the Top 10. We solely relied on the blog posts from the last year that were most widely read. Maybe you missed them. Now is a good quiet time to catch up.
Click on the headline to link to the articles. The text below each headline is the opening paragraph from each post.
Peter High, a contributor at Forbes.com, typically focuses his column, "The First 100 Days" on CIOs settled in at corporations. He turned things around recently with an interview with the man he calls the "Greatest CIO for Hire in History."
CEOs Need Business-Savvy CIOs to Grow
Recovering from the Great Recession has been an arduous process for a number of companies in nearly every market in the world. However, the more stable that businesses become, the more confident their leaders may feel, which could prompt them to take risks and aim high when it comes to setting objectives for their organizations.
Form a Diverse Big Data Team for Maximum Results
In recent years, a rising number of businesses in a variety of sectors have seen the value in leveraging big data so that they can optimize their operations. Despite there being more and more companies trying to examine the figures that big data reveals, improving their decision-making processes with the insight provided, these organizations don't necessarily have the manpower to support these information technology initiatives. For this reason, chief information officers and other IT professionals taking on staff members for big data purposes should take a few factors into consideration when recruiting personnel.
10 Innovative Products for CIOs
The 11th Annual MIT Sloan CIO Symposium has announced the 10 finalists for its 2014 Innovation Showcase. The selected companies, according to organizers, "have developed cutting edge solutions that provide both strong value and innovation to enterprise IT."
CIOs Expected To Adopt Venture Capital Mentality
The role of chief information officers seems to be drastically changing, regardless of whether these professionals are happy about it. As companies continuously strategize and come up with revolutionary ways to overhaul their businesses, they may be reshaping their visions of what CIOs are and what they do. In light of all this rearranging and renovating, it behooves information technology experts to be flexible and adjust to change so that they can remain relevant to their organizations' plans and have better job security.
CIOs Contemplate Leaping into Wearable Work Environment
In the past, people would have thought that the ability to put on a pair of glasses and suddenly have a virtual world projected in front of you was something out of a science fiction movie or novel. However, the day has come that technology has made that once hypothetical capability a reality. On top of that, chief information officers around the world have started to capitalize on the development, implementing wearable IT tools as a component of their companies' practices.
A non-profit's report on how to get more women into the information technology field determines that they earn more than half of all undergraduate degrees but are massively underrepresented in IT studies: women earn less than one-fifth of computer and information sciences degrees.
Walgreens CIO Faces Big Challenges
Walgreens CIO Timothy Theriault has a huge task ahead of him: cutting $1 billion in operating costs at the nation's largest drug retailing chain. His role becomes prominent in the wake of Walgreen's acquisition of Boots, a British pharmacy chain.
IT Giants Come Together To Combat Open-Source Issues
As of late, chief information officers and their tech teams have been rushing to secure an array of their hardware that may have been comprised due to the Heartbleed bug. While most IT professionals are attempting to deal with the aftermath stemming from the discovery of this OpenSSL glitch, other experts from some of the most prestigious tech companies throughout the world are taking extra precautions.
There is a major roadblock for Chief Information Officers in the federal government – and it may not be surprising to hear that it's agency leadership serving as the impediment. However, there are two other sources of frustration.
CIOs May Bridge Skills Gaps with Social Recruitment
There is no denying that chief information officers have to juggle a number of tasks when it comes to implementing and managing their businesses' tech tools. Although this fact alone makes their jobs a challenge, their load could be lightened if they were to have the staff to support their efforts. Unfortunately, pinning down the right representatives – those who have the specialized skills required to keep companies competitive in terms of their IT use – is becoming increasingly difficult. With climbing demand for candidates who boast advanced tech capabilities, organizations are scrambling to secure the talent they need and resorting to new means of recruitment to avoid falling into the growing skills gap.
It's too easy to get caught up in our own worlds and not venture outside our comfort zones to be challenged by other points of view. Plus, frankly, many C-level executives can exist in a sycophantic universe. It's good to find out you're way of thinking may not be the only path.
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According to data released by the California Air Resources Board, CARB, Tesla Motors was the top seller of the zero-emission vehicle credits that regulatory board requires car makers to have if they want to sell cars in that state. Toyota was the top seller of hybrid-car credits.
Tesla sold 1,311.52 ZEV credits from Oct. 1, 2012, through Sept. 30 this year. Suzuki Motor Corp., the next biggest seller, transferred about 41 credits. Though Suzuki no longer sells cars in the United States, they still have credits accumulated from prior sales. Toyota transferred 507.5 plug in zero emission vehicle credits generated by its Prius hybrid. General Motors Co. acquired the same number as Toyota sold, so presumably GM bought them from its Japanese rival.
Automakers, if they want to sell cars and light trucks in California, must sell EVs or other zero emissions vehicles in proportion to their market share in the state. The goal is to have a million and a half ZEVs on California roads by the year 2025. If companies generate more credits than their sales require, CARB allows those credits to be sold. Each Tesla Model S earns the company as many as 7 ZEV credits, the maximum issued by California.
Companies listed by CARB as buying ZEV credits over the past 12 months were Chrysler Group LLC, GM; Honda Motor Co.; Jaguar Land Rover; Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd.'s Subaru; and Volkswagen AG. CARB does not keep track of specific trades or prices, saying the goal is for all automakers covered under California law are compliant.
Some indication of the pricing can be found in company financial reports. Tesla reported that 12% of it's revenue in the first six months of 2013 came from ZEV credit sales amounting to $119 million. Tesla CEO Elon Musk said that the company's ZEV credit sales will decline in the second half of the year.
Tagged as california air resources board, CARB, EVs, hybrids, Tesla, Toyota, ZEV credits
23 Comments on "Tesla Leads Sellers of CARB ZEV Credits, Chrysler Biggest Buyer..."
eggsaladOctober 18th, 2013 at 12:42 pm
[a] What ZEV does Polaris make?
[b] did CODA make more money selling ZEV credits, or selling actual cars?
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cdotsonOctober 18th, 2013 at 12:51 pm
Apparently Polaris now owns GEM (Global Electric Motorcars). I'd be willing to bet that's where they got credits.
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ToshiOctober 18th, 2013 at 11:25 pm
Polaris also makes the EV LSV (and non-road legal Ranger EV).
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October 18th, 2013 at 12:59 pm
When was Tesla supposed to phase out ZEV credit sales entirely? I thought it was end of this year…
Their first "profitable" quarter was accomplished by cooking the books. The second profit, even more of the same accounting chicanery using non-GAAP numbers.
Fake it until you make it is a good strategy, but the stock is *very* overpriced I remember reading.
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October 19th, 2013 at 12:07 am
Why would anyone in their right mind phase out a money-making line of business? It makes no sense.
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SCE to AUXOctober 18th, 2013 at 1:17 pm
What a hokey sub-economy.
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HummerOctober 18th, 2013 at 1:56 pm
That's what I was thinking, what if everyone was a seller of credits, who would buy?
But then I'm thinking about it in the same distorted reality that they have placed the playing field.
Whatever, if the laws stay, then the economy will suffer, and people will move elsewhere, then maybe automakers will just drop California all together.
Either they going to pay billions to create a net loser
Spend billions to prop net losers
Or get out all together.
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ClutchCarGoOctober 18th, 2013 at 3:20 pm
"what if everyone was a seller of credits, who would buy?"
For this to happen, every mfr would have to be selling enough ZEVs to exceed CARB's reqs, a highly unlikely situation in a state where exotic and luxury ICE cars are very popular. But before conditions got close to that state the ZEV credit market would adjust, either thru the mfrs changing their product mix or thru CARB changing their reqs.
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HummerOctober 18th, 2013 at 3:31 pm
I forgot about exotics.
Either way the automakers will get punished for the "evil deeds" they do.
Doesn't this also in effect reduce competition? Low volume producers are forced join into other companies or die. Rolls Royce could not survive in such a market without BMW.
Would a good plan of action be for all automakers to team together to create a single design and then just rebrand and name for each company? Wouldn't have to worry about each automaker individually wasting its own resources.
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jpolickeOctober 19th, 2013 at 9:42 am
What would happen if all the automakers on the transferee list announced that they were not going to pay tribute to the econazis and suspended all new car sales in California? Lay off all salespeople (keep service departments open) or sell used cars only, and wait for the backlash from the carbuying public and unemployed salespeople to reach Sacramento.
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thelaineOctober 19th, 2013 at 10:34 am
Wouldn't that be nice jpolicke? Instead, the automakers just pass their additional costs on. All so that Elon can make millions, the financially successful can roll around in ecochic-mobiles, and the wise Mandarins in Sacramento can keep playing SimState.
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trackratmk1October 20th, 2013 at 6:46 am
Because there are 12 or 13 states that all subscribe to CARB laws. California was the progenitor, but is far from the only participant now. That means mfrs would have to forego sales in more than 20% of states, and due to the participating state populations, likely 30+ percent of the nation's car buying public. My guess is it's cheaper to buy the credits and still sell cars, rather than forego revenue. Opportunity cost outweighs the benefit.
Much like how manufacturers have been building and allocating special PZEV and LEV edition vehicles to carb states for the last several years. Some of the cars mfrs ship to CA, MA, NY, etc have a different emissions system/tuning than those shipped to Montana for instance. At least until the OEMs meet their required PZEV/LEV quota in CARB states.
This is also why some mfrs have stopped pushing back against CARB and are actually in favor of a wider reaching CAFE… It's actually cost beneficial to seek one federal standard which removes the onerous and expensive state level requirements.
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ScoutdudeOctober 20th, 2013 at 1:56 pm
While some states have adopted CARB standards it is usually just the emissions level requirements and not the whole mess. I know my state adopted the basic emissions standards but not the CARB specific emissions durability warranty which is really stupid. We also do not have a ZEV mandate.
28-Cars-LaterOctober 19th, 2013 at 12:23 am
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28-Cars-LaterOctober 18th, 2013 at 5:45 pm
I still say the whole idea of selling these "credits" is total fraud. If they put a quota on automaker sales unless they sold X amount of low pollution vehicles I may disagree with but it would force everyone to develop of license PZEV or ZEV tech. Using this method I could flood Cali with 12mpg high smog wonders and if my margin was high enough transfer a percentage of profit to someone with a golf cart division (i.e. GEM).
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ScoutdudeOctober 18th, 2013 at 8:11 pm
No the current idea does not allow someone to flood the market with 12mpg high smog wonders. All cars must meet meet minimum emissions standards. You could only sell as many as the credits you could purchase would allow. You would have to have that high profit margin to be able to purchase those credits and still make a profit.
If they said you had to sell them yourself instead of buying credits companies would just buy ZEVs from someone who makes them, slap your badge on them and sell them at a loss. It would in no way force everyone to develop or even license the technology. The thought of everyone having to sell a ZEV was one of the driving factors behind yet another of the ill conceived business ventures of Malcom Bricklin that went bankrupt the EV Warrior.
If the goal is to get a certain percentage of ZEV cars on the road, the use of credits is just as an effective method as making a mfg produce or sell them.
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28-Cars-LaterOctober 18th, 2013 at 11:38 pm
I'm going to assume you're correct because I don't know how its supposed to work, but I still think the whole thing sounds dodgy.
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Luke42October 19th, 2013 at 4:43 pm
It is dodgy. It's an attempt to create a synthetic "market based solution" in a situation where nobody can put environmental/climate damage onto their ledger.
As a way to put environmental/climate damage onto everyone's books, a carbon tax would be more fair and more market-based. And, if you offset it by reducing payroll taxes, it can be 0 revenue and would stop discouraging employment while discouraging CO2 emissions.
But I said "tax" and "climate", and those words are even more "Democrat" than the moderate healthcare market reforms that the Republicans shut the government down over. So, while I think a carbon tax (coupled with the repeal of odd policies like the carbon-emission-permit market AND a reduction in payroll taxes) would be good public policy, I'd be surprised if it ever went through.
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Pch101October 19th, 2013 at 4:50 pm
"a carbon tax would be more fair and more market-based."
This is quite similar to a carbon tax. A company that doesn't build enough EVs has to pay someone else who produces more than what is necessary.
The idea of a carbon tax is that the regulators will establish a tolerable level of pollution and then allow the market to sort out how that target is met. California's approach to EVs is virtually the same.
(Personally, I think that the state's approach to EVs is misguided. But the trading mechanism itself isn't the problem.)
jpolickeOctober 19th, 2013 at 9:30 am
But one Tesla sold is one EV actually on the road, not seven. The ability to generate surplus credits by selling a single car suggests a completely artificial scheme.
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ScoutdudeOctober 19th, 2013 at 12:16 pm
They are looking to meet a percentage of ZEVs on the road, so my guess is that for one EV you generate credits to sell 7 vehicles that are not ZEVs, atPZEV or PZEV.
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canddmeyerOctober 19th, 2013 at 12:24 am
Carb credits, from the same morons that poisoned our water with MTBE, that would rather see a forest burn than log it (like that wouldn't pollute the [email protected]&*(),won't build any new freeways, environmentally sends manufacturing jobs elsewhere due to inane laws, and while I could go on and on, it was just easier to move out of state to freedom.
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thelaineOctober 19th, 2013 at 12:47 am
+1 canddmeyer. Congrats on your escape. Now you can laugh at the latest brilliant scheme from the Sacramento Utopians. It's always easier to build your Neverland using other people's money. They won't stop trying to perfect that state until they have destroyed it. Enjoy your windfall, Elon.
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Beautifully handmade fragranced candles! I would love to introduce you to Tracy from Emily & Me
|Lemonade Soy Candle
Emily & Me has been years in the making. My passion for quality candles started many years ago when I was travelling in the USA. Struggling to find what I wanted here in NZ I realised there had to be an easier way than constantly importing. I began making candles for myself and over time friends began purchasing for themselves and then as gifts for others. Eventually I got the hint that there was a business opening there. I often think of Henry Ford and his desire to see everyone driving a car. I want every NZ home to smell delicious!
|Jasmine Candle
Would you believe our original name was totally different? I had designed all the totes, packaging, logos, labels, everything. We'd even started putting out tester products. But something just wasn't sitting right for me. This one night I was propped up in bed, breastfeeding our newborn, and thinking about the business. Our master bedroom had a ceiling window so the moonlight shone right in over her precious little face. I realised that if ever there was someone I would want to 'get my crafty on' with one day it would be this girl. So, Emily & Me was born…And everything in the office downstairs went in the bin! (I'm pretty sure she's going to become a non-crafty, uber-logical Doctor just to spite me, lol)
|Gorgeous Emily!
Quality. Fragranced. NZ Made.
|Herbal Nappy Cream
Current favourite...
My current favourite is actually our bestseller, the Caramel Woodwick Candle. I love that fragrance. Nothing says 'welcome home' like a rich buttery baking smell. I've tweaked the recipe twice to get it just right. Now I reckon it's pretty much the perfect candle!
|Caramel Woodwick Soy Candle
Routine! Every WAHM needs a routine to get through the day. I am one of those Pinterest mums who downloads printables and has the Kikki-K Cute Diary permanently in my handbag. Yes, we do have a Household Folder with all the playgroup info and library book lists, etc, otherwise I just wouldn't cope. I'm a big one for 'me time'. This looks different for each person obviously. For me, I have my me-time every morning and it's the most important part of my routine. I'm a Christian so I have my Bible, my Kikki-K diary and my Dilmah tea. If I miss this 'session' I really feel it through-out the day. I need this quiet time of reflection to refocus and reprioritise. It's good to take time to remember who I am without the business and without my family – me as me, with all my strengths and weaknesses and quirks. I feel that often gets lost as we wives and mamas and business owners put on all our different hats. When I first started Emily & Me I made myself the promise that I would never let my business grow over my family. Being a passionate, all-in, kinda gal I really struggle with that and these morning times help me to refresh and make sure I'm still heading on the path that will get me where I want to be in ten years.
|Secret Garden Candle
I love showing my kids first hand what hard work looks like. When they wake up from their nap they often find me mixing a new fragrance or while we're playing outside I'll have an infusion going. As a parent I now look back at things that my parents demonstrated when they ran their home business and how that's influenced my personality growing up. Particularly for my daughter I want her to know that it is possible to have a work life balance and to not only enjoy a career that works for her strengths but also relish the season of motherhood too.
The other thing that I love is the personal factor. I have no plans to be a mass producer, I always want to be that small boutique business that gives that last extra touch. Candles are one of those things that feature in the intimate times of our lives. For instance, candles can be used to set the tone for a special night in or a romantic dinner, at weddings, in beauty spas, for gifts. In a small way we get to be a part of that. One of my highlights was when a mum approached me for some guidance on a custom pour for her homebirth. We went with a delicate floral blend and afterward I received a thank you email that said "the room smelt like a beautiful garden". It doesn't get much more special than that! Right now I'm working with a bride-to-be on a custom display for her wedding so that's exciting.
|Palmyra Home Soy Candle
Find a niche in the market and fill it. Nothing is more annoying than new people who come into the business scene with nothing new to offer. As a business owner you really need the support and encouragement of others in your field and you won't get that if you're not original. Obviously I'm not the only candlemaker on the market but there are certain things I don't sell – not because I can't but because another WAHM does. There is a mutual respect that develops among business owners and it's important to be aware that you need that right from the start.
There's nothing a little Gibbs can't fix! On the evenings when I'm too spent to be creative you'll find me curled up with a herbal tea, bitter chocolate and NCIS.
|Autumn Pumpkin Candle
From here...
I am so excited about where we are headed this year! I feel like we're getting some traction now and that we've found our groove, so we're ready to start expanding our range. We've just released a Limited Edition set of fragrances which has proved hugely popular and our plan is to release another four through-out the year. We're also working with a gorgeous Wedding Planner, Monique, to create a bridal portfolio. She's fun and young and really knows her stuff so I'm excited about the possibilities for that. Keep a look out for some fun gift boxes soon to be released. As more and more people are buying as gifts we felt it appropriate to offer a few specific options – for instance a Housewarming Box. It's going to be the perfect gift for the first night in a new home. Most of our customers know I run candlemaking workshops in Sheffield and at The Make Café in Christchurch, these are set to expand this year too. We have so much on right now!
|Apple & Fig Blossom Soy Candle
The easiest way right now is through our Emily & Me Facebook page. We have a website all set to launch in the very near future – www.emilyandme.co.nz. Feel free to browse our Facebook page and get a look at the range. Also feel free to email or PM me if you have any questions.
Tracy has so kindly given me a $20 voucher to giveaway to someone very lucky! Please enter here. The giveaway will close at midnight on the 3 March and the winner will be notified by email on the 4 March and announced here on my blog. The giveaway is open to NZ residents only and LOVE you to share! Thank you Tracy.