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Shakespearean Soundscapes: Music – Voices – Noises – Silence
"To hear the rest untold." Shakespeare's Arbitration of the "right to remain silent"
by Felix Sprang
According to Hamlet and Christian thought, silence is the human default condition when leaving this world and preparing for the next.[1] This idea of silence as a pivotal state between life, death and life eternal reflects the ambivalence towards silence that prevails in Western thought. In the process of re-evaluating classical paradigms, the early modern period was particularly prone to reconcile the Ciceronian (rhetorical) view of silence as a mark of decorum with the Augustinian (theological) notion of silere and tacere as the foundation of Christian virtues.[2] Hamlet's utterance "The rest is silence" certainly evokes this multi-layered process of reconciliation. It is underpinned by the contrast between his declared silence at the end and his playful verbosity throughout the play. As such Hamlet's muteness echoes the ambiguous status of silence in early modern culture as defined by Christina Luckyj:
The widespread valorising of speech in the early modern period led to two divergent constructions of silence in mainstream (that is, masculinist) thought. On the one hand silence was frequently denounced or rejected as antisocial, barbarous or foolish; on the other silence was appropriated as a superior form of speech, or its necessary complement.[3]
The type of silent speech act that I will address in the following, the defendant's decision to remain silent when faced with an accusation, is situated between the "two divergent constructions of silence" that Luckyj has identified. Principally regarded as foolish or rebellious behaviour, the connotations of silence grew increasingly positive in the Tudor and early Stuart years. This development is arguably a result of the increasingly vile practices employed by interrogators during the Reformation and the subsequent suppression of religious and political dissenters.[4] At a time when interrogators, particularly the members of the Privy Council with its notorious Star Chamber, regularly resorted to torture and physical punishment in order to obtain confessions, the accused who remained silent during the interrogation were prone to become martyrs. Thus silence gradually evolved from an apparent mark of guilt to a culturally encoded sign of honesty and righteousness. When we look at the plays by Shakespeare and his contemporaries, there are indeed many scenes that mirror this slow revolution. However, the negotiations of silence are not always confined to the court room and have thus escaped the eyes of legal historians with an interest in Shakespeare.
Before discussing legal matters on the basis of Shakespeare's plays it is essential to issue a caveat: with the following I will not contribute to the debate whether Shakespeare's knowledge of the law was exceptional for a playwright who, as far as we know, had not been trained at the Inns of Court, a controversy sparked by Lord John Campbell's Shakespeare's Legal Acquirements in the year 1859.[5] Instead, I should like to follow Constance Jordan's and Karen Cunningham's 'soft approach' arguing that Shakespeare's plays reflect the reciprocal process of how legal language and legal procedures contributed to the construction of social norms and realities and how these norms in turn informed legal practice.[6]
Indeed, legal issues connected with silence are clearly embedded in more general evaluations of muteness that involve issues of social class, gender and identity.[7] Two examples should suffice to point to the complex web of norms and values that consolidates early modern notions of silence: banishment as "speechless death" in Richard II and Isabella's refusal and/or incapacity to acknowledge the Duke's proposal with words in Measure for Measure. In order to do justice to this complex web, it is mandatory to sheer off from the stricter legal context and to cast the net a little wider. Focussing on scenes from Coriolanus, Pericles and The Winter's Tale, I will address how social interaction in Shakespeare's late plays reflects and informs the assessment of silence in the judiciary. I will demonstrate that the "right to remain silent" was forged and negotiated on stage long before it became manifest in the English Common Law during the 1640s. Finally, the investigation of legal repercussions in Shakespeare's plays will shed a light on how creatively the early modern period combined Stoic and Augustinian notions of silence thus creatively mingling moral, legal and philosophical conceptions of "the right to remain silent".
Before turning to Shakespeare's late plays, I should like to circumscribe the legal context by pointing to the plot and themes discussed in Sir Thomas More (1596), a play that has survived in manuscript form and appears to be a collaborative endeavour mainly executed by Anthony Munday with the help of Henry Chettle and with later alterations by Shakespeare, Heywood and Dekker.[8] The protagonist Thomas More, marked by his wit and wisdom as well as his verbosity, is arrested "in the king's name of high treason" (4.4.158) for refusing to subscribe to the Act of Supremacy and thus accepting Henry VIII as the head of the English Church. Interestingly enough, the play omits the year that More spent in the Tower and passes over the interrogations and the final trial. Throughout the last two acts, however, More reiterates his reluctance to cooperate with the judges and mocks the accusation and apprehension as a staged play:
Shrewsbury: My lord, 'twere good you'd publish to the world
Your great offence unto his majesty.
More: My lord, I'll bequeath this legacy to the hangman, and do it instantly (gives him his gown).
I confess his majesty hath been ever
good to me, and my offence to his highness makes me of a state
pleader a stage player (though I am old, and have a bad voice) to
act this last scene of my tragedy. […] (5.4.66-72)
Documented evidence suggests that the historical character More was convicted because the solicitor-general, Richard Rich, swore that More had openly renounced the king's authority during one of their private conversations.[9] According to the documents that have survived More decided to remain silent on why he refused to subscribe to the articles presented to him and explained, "if I should open and disclose the causes why, I should therewith but further exasperate his Highness, which I would in no wise do […]."[10] Evidently, More chose to remain silent because he knew that his defence could be easily turned against him. Ironically, the play corroborates More's documented behaviour by omitting the trial scene and thus testifies that remaining silent was not an option for the defendant.
Shakespeare, who certainly knew the play, slightly altered the perspective when he and Fletcher wrote their account of the reign of Henry VIII. In the play All Is True or The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight (since the 1623 Folio) the trials are an essential part of the plot and rendered as dramatic dialogues. It is remarkable, however, that while the trials involving Queen Katherine, Cardinal Wolsey and Archbishop Cranmer are all enacted on stage, Buckingham's trial is merely reported. Buckingham's apprehension, however, is indicative of the trial and his words foreshadow the course of the interrogation that will inevitably lead to his execution:
Serjeant: Sir
[To Buckingham] My lord the Duke of Buckingham and Earl
Of Hereford, Stafford, and Northampton. I
Arrest thee of high treason in the name
Of our most sovereign King.
Buckingham: [To Norfolk] Lo you, my lord,
The net has fall'n upon me. I shall perish
Under device and practice.
It will help me nothing
To plead mine innocence, for that dye is on me
Which makes my whit'st part black. […] (1.1.198-209)[11]
Buckingham's assessment that "[i]t will help [him] nothing to plead [his] innocence" is reinforced by presenting Buckingham as a victim of slander:
Shakespeare emphasizes throughout that the evidence against Buckingham consists entirely of reported words: 'words of sovereignty', 'the duke said', 'certain words / Spoke by a holy monk', 'says he', 'what he spoke / My chaplain to no living creature but / To me should utter'.[12]
And although the trial is not enacted, a character named First Gentleman explains in act 2, scene 1 that Buckingham was tried at Westminster with the King's attorney presiding over the case.[13] Even if the text does not explicitly state the proceedings, these parameters would have sufficed to inform the audience that Buckingham was interrogated by the Star Chamber. The Star Chamber, presumably named after the painted ceiling of the room at Westminster Hall where the Privy Counsellors and common law judges heard high treason and political libel cases, was renowned in Shakespeare's time for its pitilessness.[14] Installed by Henry VII in 1487, the Star Chamber became a political instrument to silence opponents under Henry VIII – and the play All Is True, arguably, depicts exactly this development. In Shakespeare's play Buckingham has little faith in a fair trial and is immediately resigned to the fact that he "shall perish / Under device and practice." The audience would have subscribed to Buckingham's notion. They would have been aware that the Star Chamber had grown more powerful under James I. In fact, by the end of Elizabeth's reign the name had already become a synonym for the misuse and abuse of power by the Monarch and the Privy Council. As Star Chamber sessions were closed to the public, it was not known exactly how the Council conducted their interrogations.[15] But it was generally known that at the centre of the trials was the oath ex officio, an oath introduced to canon law in the 13th century. Without a formal accusation, the defendant had to swear an oath that he would tell the truth in the ensuing interrogation. The refusal to swear the oath as well as the refusal to answer the questions posed by the king's attorney was taken as proof that the defendant was guilty.[16]
The most prominent case that highlighted the abuse of the oath ex officio was held in 1532 when John Lambert had to defend himself against the accusation of heresy. He was confronted with a list of 45 articles and was pressed to respond to them. Having patiently listened to the long list, he refers to the first article questioning him "whether [he] was suspect or infamed of heresy" and makes it quite clear that he refuses to reply. Instead he states boldly:
If therfore at any season suche infamy was put upon me, I am glad that I have so litle regarded the same, that nowe I have forgotten it. And though I did remember any suche, yet were I more then twyse a foole to shewe you thereof: for it is wrytten in your owne lawe, Nemo tenetur prodere seipsum. But this I ensure you I was never so charged with suspicion or infamy of this crime, that I was therfore ever convented and reproved afore any iudge.[17]
Lambert was found guilty and executed in 1537 despite his complaint but his objections to the legal practice fell on fertile ground in the latter half of the century. The detailed account of his conduct in court, recorded in John Foxe's Acts and Monuments - printed in 1563 and one of the two main sources for Shakespeare's play - certainly elevated John Lambert as a martyr. Moreover, the account questioned the legitimacy of the prevailing legal practice. With Lambert, the notion of the nemo tenetur-principle, a principle that is derived from the Talmud and had no corresponding tenet in English common law, became increasingly popular in England.[18] Although neither statutory law, based on the proclamations by the Crown or Acts of Parliament, nor common law, based on custom, recognised a defendant's "right to remain silent", lawyers and prosecutors in the latter half of the 16th century were increasingly prone to subscribe to the conviction that "no man has to accuse himself." But it took yet another three generations until 1641 before the "right to remain silent" became a governing principle in the English judiciary, again as the result of a prominent case. In 1637 John Lilburne, a printer-publisher, was arrested and brought before the Star Chamber on suspicion that he had imported and circulated heretic books from the Low Countries. Without formal charges brought against him he was interrogated by the Privy Council. Resorting to a remarkable rhetoric, he denied to cooperate with the tribunal:[19]
And of any other matter that you have to accuse me of, I know it is warrantable by the law of God, and I think by the law of the land, that I may stand on my just defence, and not to answer your intergatorie [sic]; and that my accuser ought to be brought face to face, to justifie what they accuse me of. And this is all the answer that for the present I am willing to make: And if you aske me of any more things, I shall answer you with silence.[20]
I should like to argue that Shakespeare's plays contributed significantly to the debate that finally resulted in a defendant's right to remain silent. Let us return to the play All Is True: Buckingham anticipates the ordeal of being interrogated by the Star Chamber and foresees his end. Although Buckingham's fall sheds a negative light on the legal procedures, Shakespeare was careful not to criticise the standard practice of the Star Chamber too conspicuously.[21] At closer inspection, however, several of his plays discuss the Star Chamber's standard practice of forcing defendants to answer incriminating questions under oath. These arbitrations of the right to remain silent are not confined to the numerous trial scenes in Shakespeare's plays; the issue is raised in a number of scenes that are set outside the court room. Within the scope of this statement, I should like to focus on key scenes from Coriolanus, Pericles and The Winter's Tale in order to explore Shakespeare's arbitration of the legal issue.
Coriolanus (1608), Shakespeare's last Roman play, can inform us about Shakespeare's point of departure with respect to the debate. With the character Coriolanus, Shakespeare creatively explores the nemo tenetur-principle: Coriolanus doesn't have to defend himself, instead he is asked to report on his praiseworthy deeds. The protagonist is aware that the Romans want to make him a consul in the light of his victory over the Volces. When asked to adhere to the customary ritual of showing his wounds in the marketplace and reporting how he received them, Coriolanus refuses to speak for himself[22]:
Menenius: It then remains
That you speak to the people.
Coriolanus: I do beseech you,
Let me o'erleap that custom, for I cannot
Put on the gown, stand naked, and entreat them
For my wounds' sake to give their suffrage.
Please you that I may pass this doing. (2.2.131-136)
Earlier in that scene, Coriolanus had to win the Senators' support – again by giving an account of his deeds. Questioned at the Capitol by the Senators who are keen to know "what [he has] nobly done", he prefers to remain silent:
First Senator: Sit, Coriolanus; never shame to hear
What you have nobly done.
Coriolanus: Your honour's pardon:
I had rather have my wounds to heal again
Than hear say how I got them.
Brutus: Sir, I hope
My words disbench'd you not.
Coriolanus: No, sir: yet oft
When blows have made me stay, I fled from words.
You soothed not, therefore hurt not; but your people,
I love them as they weigh –
Menenius: Pray now, sit down.
Coriolanus: I had rather have one scratch my head i' th' sun
When the alarum were struck than idly sit
To hear my nothings monster'd. Exit Coriolanus (2.2.63-73)
Coriolanus refuses to be boastful when presented to the Senators. Coriolanus' refusal is conventionally, and quite reasonably, interpreted as a sign of his self-control, his arrogance or his modesty, a virtue conspicuously at odds with the heroic conception of virtú but in keeping with the Judeo-Christian ideal of temperance. Within the legal context that I am exploring, it is also possible to read Coriolanus' refusal as a positive statement to support a defendant's right to remain silent. Coriolanus is simply not willing to testify because he holds the opinion that one should not be forced to report on and judge one's own actions.[23]
Conversely, Iago's stoic statement "Demand me nothing. What you know, you know. / From this time forth I never will speak a word." (5.2.309-310) is in line with the nemo tenetur-principle – but Iago's refusal to accuse himself accentuates the double-edged nature of a defendant's right to remain silent.[24] Here, it is not the sympathetic and heroic character, the martyr, who claims his right to remain silent. Instead, the audience witnesses a murderer and machinator who refuses to adhere to the conventions of poetic justice and insists that Lodovico, Cassio, Graziano and Othello bring forward evidence and proof of his scheming. Iago's silence is deeply disturbing not only because it demonstrates his indifference but foremost because it immediately spawns the ferocity and inhumanity of the law: Graziano's reply "Torments will ope your lips" (312) as well as Lodovico's sadistic comment "For this slave, / If there be any cunning cruelty / That can torment him much and hold him long, / It shall be his" (341-344) obliterate the differences between the Venetian noblemen and the "[m]ost heathenish and most gross [villain]" (321).
When we turn to Shakespeare's late plays, we encounter arbitrations of the nemo tenetur-principle in the more conventional form, i.e. with the example of a sympathetic character. One of the most poignant variations on the theme is certainly found in Pericles when the protagonist, residing at the court of Antiochus, must either solve a riddle to win the king's daughter or lose his life. The parallel with the investigations by the Star Chamber is perhaps not too obvious at first sight – but Pericles' situation is indeed comparable with John Lambert's dilemma. Pericles finds himself in the situation of a defendant under the oath ex officio. He has agreed to expound the riddle without knowing it. Failing to solve it, including the refusal to speak, will result in the death penalty. Since the riddle encodes the incestuous relationship between Antiochus and his daughter, solving it will also proof hazardous. The king Antiochus, not unlike the King's Attorney in the Star Chamber, oversees the task and presses Pericles to solve the riddle: "Your time's expired. / Either expound now, or receive your sentence." (1.1.132-133). Before entering the unfair game, Pericles muses on his chances to escape unharmed:
Pericles: […]
Then it is thus: the passions of the mind,
That have their first conception by misdread,
Have after-nourishment and life by care;
And what was first but fear what might be done,
Grows elder now and cares it be not done.
And so with me: the great Antiochus,
'Gainst whom I am too little to contend,
Since he's so great can make his will his act,
Will think me speaking, though I swear to silence;
Nor boots it me to say I honour him.
If he suspect I may dishonour him:
And what may make him blush in being known,
He'll stop the course by which it might be known; (1.2.12-24)
Pericles' resolve to "swear to silence" certainly presents a particular aspect of the nemo tenetur-principle. In legal terms he refuses to give evidence of the king's incestuous relationship. As the interpreter of the riddle, however, he is in the position of the defendant facing a no-win situation: solving the riddle, not solving it and remaining silent will all lead to his execution.
The Winter's Tale takes us back to the stricter legal context. Hermione is accused of high treason, a charge that was dealt with exclusively by the Star Chamber.[25] Two charges are laid against her: first, that she has committed adultery with Polixenes, King of Bohemia; second, that she has conspired with Camillo to murder her husband, King Leontes. It can be read as a criticism of the standard legal procedures, that the officer in Shakespeare's play can only provide circumstantial evidence at the trial to support the accusation. Despite this lack of evidence, Hermione is charged with assisting Polixenes and Camillo to escape:
Leontes: Read the indictment.
Officer: Hermione, queen to the worthy Leontes, king of
Sicilia, thou art here accused and arraigned of high
treason, in committing adultery with Polixenes, king
of Bohemia, and conspiring with Camillo to take
away the life of our sovereign lord the king, thy royal
husband: the pretence whereof being by circumstances
partly laid open, thou, Hermione, contrary
to the faith and allegiance of a true subject, didst
counsel and aid them, for their better safety, to fly
away by night.
Hermione: Since what I am to say, must be but that
Which contradicts my accusation, and
The testimony on my part, no other
But what comes from myself, it shall scarce boot me
To say 'not guilty': mine integrity
Being counted falsehood, shall, as I express it,
Be so received. […] (3.2.11-27)
Although Hermione defends herself with all the rhetorical powers at her disposal in the trial scene, Shakespeare has made her the most subversive representative of the nemo tenetur-principle. When Leontes simply disregards the Oracle's verdict as "mere falsehood" and insists that the trial should proceed (and when the servant reports that Mamillius, Hermione's son is dead) Hermione faints and, according to Paulina, dies. Hermione's silence of the dead, reminiscent of Hamlet's "the rest is silence", is certainly the most poignant variation of Shakespeare's arbitration of the right to remain silent. Hermione is vindicated by her silence. When all her words did not suffice to proof her innocence, her silence eventually achieves just that.
[1] For the eschatological interpretation of "the rest is silence" cf. Maurice J. Quinlan, "Shakespeare and the Catholic Burial Services", Shakespeare Quarterly 5 (1954), 303-6.
[2] Cf. Peter Prestel, Die Rezeption der ciceronischen Rhetorik durch Augustinus in "De doctrina Christiana" (Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 1992).
[3] Christina Luckyj, 'A moving Rhetoricke' Gender and silence in early modern England (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2002), 14.
[4] For the practices of persecution cf. the papers by David Loewenstein, Carrie Euler, Christopher Marsh and Peter Lake in David Loewenstein and John Marshall (eds.) Heresy, Literature and Politics in Early Modern English Culture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006).
[5] For a detailed discussion cf. Owen Hood Phillips, Shakespeare and the Lawyers (London: Methuen, 1972), 176-192, R. J. Schoeck, "Shakespeare and the Law: An Overview", in W. R. Elton and John M. Mucciolo (eds.), Where Are We Now in Shakespearean Studies (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999), 219-39, B. J. Sokol and Mary Sokol, Shakespeare's Legal Language: A Dictionary (London: Athlone Press, 2000) and Mark Andre Alexander, "Shakespeare's Knowledge of Law: A Journey through the History of the Argument", Oxfordian: The Annual Journal of the Shakespeare Oxford Society 4 (2001), 51-119.
[6] Cf. Constance Jordan and Karen Cunningham (eds.), The Law in Shakespeare (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007).
[7] The interdependency of silence, social class, gender and nationality can be found in Homer's epic poems as well as in texts by the Pre-Socratics and is deeply rooted in Western culture. Cf. Silvia Montiglio, Silence in the Land of Logos (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000). For a discussion of the motif in Shakespeare's plays cf. David Schalkwyk, "'She never told her love': Embodiment, Textuality and Silence in Shakespeare's Sonnets and Plays", Shakespeare Quarterly 45 (1994), 381–407.
[8] Cf. Anthony Munday, Sir Thomas More, ed. by Vittorio Gabrieli and Giorgio Melchiori, The Revels Plays. (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1990). All subsequent quotations from this play are taken from this edition.
[9] Cf. Ernest Edwin Reynolds, The Trial of St Thomas More (New York: P. J. Kennedy, 1964).
[10] Thomas More in a letter to his daughter Margaret Roper commenting on his first interrogation at Lambeth Palace on April 17, 1534. Quoted from: Gerald B. Wegemer and Stephen W. Smith (eds.), A Thomas More Sourcebook (Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2004), 313.
[11] Quoted from Stephen Greenblatt et al. (eds.), The Norton Shakespeare (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1997). All subsequent quotations from Shakespeare's plays are from this edition.
[12] Barbara Kreps, "When All Is True: Law, History and Problems of Knowledge in Henry VIII", Shakespeare Survey 52 (1999), 166-182. 173.
[13] Due to the unexpectedness of the allegations and the swiftness of the trial, legal historians have taken an interest in the circumstances. Cf. Barbara Harris, "The Trial of the Third Duke of Buckingham – A Revisionist View", The American Journal of Legal History 20, 1 (1976), 15-26 and Mortimer Levine, "The Fall of Edward, Duke of Buckingham", in Arhur J. Slavin (ed.) Tudor Men and Institutions (Lousiana: Louisiana State University Press, 1972).
[14] Cf. A. F. Pollard, "Council, Star Chamber, and Privy Council under the Tudors", The English Historical Review 37, 147 (1922), 337-360; 37, 148 (1922), 516-539 and 38, 149 (1923), 42-60.
[15] Arguably, Shakespeare could not have dramatized the scene even if he had wanted to because information on the court's procedures was lacking. Shakespeare presumably used Foxe's Book of Martyrs and Holinshed's Chronicles as his sources. Only after Shakespeare's death several treatises appeared in print that reported on the practice of the Star Chamber: Richard Crompton, Star-Chamber cases shewing what causes properly belong to the cognizance of that court : collected for the most part out of Mr. Crompton his booke, entituled, The jurisdiction of divers courts (London: I.O. for Iohn Grove, 1630) and Anon., The Star-chamber epitomized, or, A dialogue betweene Inquisition, a newes smeller, and Christopher Cob-web, a keeper of the records for the Star-Chamber, as they met at the office in Grayes-Inne (London: [s.n.], 1641).
[16] Elizabeth I disempowered the church tribunals by abolishing the oath ex officio in 1558 but reserved it for the Star Chamber, investigating charges of high treason and bound by common law, and the Court of High Commission, investigating heresy and bound by canon law. Elizabeth I. "An Act restoring to the Crown the ancient jurisdiction over the State ecclesiastical and spiritual, and abolishing all foreign power repugnant to the same." 1558
[17] John Foxe, Acts and Monuments [The Book of Martyrs] (London: John Day, 1563), III, 536.
[18] For a detailed account of the historical development cf. Leonard W. Levy, Origins of the Fifth Amendment: The Right Against Self-Incrimination (New York: Oxford University Press, 1968), 43-108 and 266-300.
[19] While in prison Lilburne wrote several pamphlets including the Anatomy of the Lords' Tyranny (1646), Regal Tyranny Discovered (1647), The Oppressed Man's Opinions Declared (1647) and London's Liberty in Chains Discovered (1648).
[20] John Lilburne, The Christian mans triall: or, A true relation of the first apprehension and severall examinations of Iohn Lilburne (London: William Larnar, 1641), 3.
[21] There is only one explicit reference to the Star Chamber in all of his plays. In the opening lines of MW Justice Shallow, a foolish and incompetent Justice of the Peace, complains that he has been wronged by Falstaff: "Sir Hugh, persuade me not. I will make a Star Chamber matter of it. If he were twenty Sir John Falstaffs, he shall not abuse Robert Shallow, Esquire." (1.1.1-3). There is a word echo of Star Chamber with "Council" in lines 29, 30 and 99. The irony is heightened by the misunderstanding of Sir Hugh Evans, a Welsh parson, who believes that Shallow refers to the Church Council rather than the King's Council. Cf. Greenblatt (1997), 1235, footnote 8.
[22] For an early modern audience the twenty-seven wounds that Coriolanus has suffered certainly evoked the conceptional realm of the martyr.
[23] This stance is explored, as so often in Shakespeare, with a witty dialogue by the common people:
First Citizen: Once, if he do require our voices, we ought not to deny him.
Second Citizen: We may, sir, if we will.
Third Citizen: We have power in ourselves to do it, but it is a
power that we have no power to do. For if he show us his
wounds and tell us his deeds, we are to put our tongues into
those wounds and speak for them; so if he tell us his noble
deeds, we must also tell him our noble acceptance of them. (2.3.1-8)
[24] For an analysis of Iago's resolve to remain silent that rests on the assumption that "Iago embodies the mystery of the evil will, an enigma which Shakespeare strove to realize, not to analyze". Daniel Stempel, "The Silence of Iago", PMLA 84, 2 (1969), 252-263. 252.
[25] For an analysis of the scene along the lines of gender studies cf. A. E. B. Coldiron, "'Tis Rigor and Not Law': Trials of Women as Trials of Patriarchy in The Winter's Tale", Renaissance Papers (2004), 29-68.
In der Tudor- und Stuartzeit lässt sich in Folge der inquisitorischen Praktiken der Star Chamber eine Umbewertung des Schweigens ausmachen. Ausgehend von einem eindeutigen Schuldbekenntnis wurde das Schweigen zunehmend als ein Zeichen der Aufrichtigkeit und Unbescholtenheit begriffen. Insbesondere der oath ex officio, der die Angeklagten in der Regel unter Folter dazu zwang, sich selbst zu belasten, führte zur Erkenntnis, dass dem Angeklagten das Recht der Aussageverweigerung zugestanden werden muss. Während dieses Recht erst um 1641 in die englische Rechtssprechung eingegangen ist, kann dieser Prozess bereits in den späten Dramen Shakespeares, insbesondere in Coriolanus, Pericles und The Winter's Tale aufgezeigt werden. Shakespeares kreative Umsetzung der Thematik erlaubt es somit, diese Entwicklung in der Jurisprudenz auf ihre gesellschaftliche und kulturelle Bedingtheit zu befragen.


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automated snapshots with git
DescriptionFlashbake is a tool which watches files and automatically checks them in to a git repository. There is an option to wait for a quiescent period before committing the files. Various plugins which capture the current context, like the weather or the currently playing song can be used to customise the commit message to produce a more meaningful history. Thus it simplifies life for the user by taking off the burden of manually committing changes and allowing one to focus on the work.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Crude, but good enough for a pianist from Brooklyn.
Special thanks to Jean-Marc for sending me pics of his much more elegantly executed project which inspired this for me.
24 gauge wired is laced through the holes drilled straight through the key and housing of the cheap midi keyboard (mini keys no less!. Wire is wrapped around the tabs on the pedal ends and balled up on the key side.
"Regulation" is via tightening up the balled up end.
More pics as I proceed through the project.
This would likely be too fussy for a pro, but for someone starting out like me it is fine. I paid about 14 US$ for the keyboard and got the AGO pedals for free from the piano dealer where I bought my piano.


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A boy hit by an inbound Metra Electric train Tuesday morning on the Far South Side was taken to a hospital and pronounced dead about an hour later, authorities said.
The boy killed was identified as Deiz Allison Jr., of the 18700 block of John Avenue in Country Club Hills, according to the Cook County medical examiner's office.
It happened about 8:30 a.m. when inbound train No. 712 struck a young male who was walking along the tracks between the Riverdale and the Kensington/115th Street stations, said Metra spokeswoman Meg Reile.
Paramedics got to the scene at 127th Street and Indiana Avenue about 8:45 a.m. and took a "teenage male'' to Advocate Christ Medical Center in Oak Lawn in "very critical'' condition, according to Chicago Fire Department Cmdr. Curtis Hudson. Allison was pronounced dead at 9:38 a.m., according to the medical examiner's office.
Reile initially said the victim was taken to Stroger Hospital.
The train involved left University Park station at 8:01 a.m., she said.


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Is It Normal for Newborns to Lose Their Hair?
Caring for your new baby will probably hold surprises, but one situation you can prepare for is hair loss. Whether she starts with a full head of hair or just a bit of fuzz, she might lose some or all of it after birth. Knowing the common causes and how to handle special situations will make this stage of development easier to understand and manage.
Hormonal Causes
Infant hair loss -- also called telogen -- is a natural part of the growth and development of many babies, thanks to the sudden drop-off in pregnancy hormone levels following birth, according to WhatToExpect.com's Heidi Murkoff. Because your baby's hair, like your hair, is continually passing through growth and resting stages, your baby's new hair growth might lag behind as her newborn tresses fall out quickly, leaving her with little or no hair. This completely normal stage of development can last for as long as six months, according to Dr. William Sears, but eventually your baby's hair growth will catch up and her permanent hair will fill in.
Positional Issues
Your baby's hair loss might look patchy, in which case it could be caused by the position in which he sleeps or sits. According to Dr. Sears, it's common for the back of a baby's head to develop a bald patch, as the American Academy of Pediatrics now recommends that infants always sleep on their backs to decrease the possibility of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Additionally, BabyCenter.com mentions that your baby may rub his head against his mattress or against his car seat if he sits with his head resting on the same spot. All of these situations are normal, and your baby's hair will grow back when he is able to move into a new position on his own around six months of age, according to Dr. Sears.
Medical Problems
Dr. Alan Greene on Parents.com lists possible medical causes of hair loss in infants, including inflammation of the scalp from cradle cap or skin infections. In more rare instances, all-over hair loss can be triggered by autoimmune disorders. WhatToExpect.com also mentions the possibility of a fungal infection commonly known as ringworm; signs include bald spots with flaky, red scaling on your baby's head. If you are concerned about your baby's hair loss, or if her hair or scalp does not look normal, discuss it with your pediatrician.
Preventing Loss
According to Murkoff, there are a few things you can do to help prevent further hair loss or breakage: gently wash your baby's hair once or twice a week and use a baby brush or wide-tooth comb to avoid pulling on tangles. While most newborns don't have enough hair to fit into a ponytail holder, if you are blessed with Rapunzel's sister, don't use ponytail holders too tightly. BabyCenter.com also suggests giving your baby plenty of supervised tummy time to give the hair on the back of her head a break. You can also alternate the end of the crib her head is near when you place her on her back for sleep, in order to take advantage of her natural tendency to face a specific side of the crib.


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Wednesday, November 14, 2012
Swedish Insurance Company Sets Skydiving Felines To R. Kelly's "I Believe I Can Fly"
Folksam reklamfilm: Evas katt
Folksam is one of the largest mutual insurance companies in Sweden, and wants all of their owners to be happy and stuff. In the spirit of giving back, they dedicated their latest commercial to policyholder Eva, whose "heart beats for the cat."
Eva's feline-inspired tribute comes in the form of skydiving kitties, set to the tune of R. Kelly's inspirational late-90s hit, "I Believe I Can Fly." Through the wonders of technology, the cats soar and paw bump their way through the air, before finally parachuting back down to earth.
Via Uproxx
Posted by Catsparella at 10:53 AM
Tags: cat advertising, cats on film
8 comments:
- MistressCatgirl said...
That very cute. Love the way the cat's tail was all fluffy and pretty.
- November 14, 2012 at 11:20 AM
- Kjelle Bus said...
Since I´m swedish I see that commercial every day on TV :)
Both me and my mom-person and dad-person think´s it´s cute and funny.
- November 14, 2012 at 11:44 AM
- Catsparella said...
@Kjelle Aw, that's so cool! :) Is there any part of the translation that I'm missing?
- November 14, 2012 at 11:45 AM
- Teri and the cats of Curlz and Swirlz said...
This kind of creeps me out...like when I see a photo of a cat sitting in a dryer...
- November 14, 2012 at 9:08 PM
- Kjelle Bus said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- November 15, 2012 at 11:35 AM
- Kjelle Bus said...
Catsparella , No you haven´t missed a thing in your translation into english :)
- November 15, 2012 at 11:36 AM
- Catsparella said...
Thank you, Kjelle Bus!! <3
- November 15, 2012 at 11:37 AM
- Texas, a Cat in New York said...
The paw-to-paw is adorable!
- November 17, 2012 at 5:41 PM
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Design considerations
For general information, refer to Bearing interfaces.
Shaft and housing tolerances
Table 1 provides tolerance classes for the housing bore and shaft to obtain suitable fits and an appropriate operating clearance for drawn cup needle roller bearings with or without an inner ring.
For additional information about raceways, refer to Raceways on shafts and in housings.


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NHMC Cadwell Stages Rally & NHMC Cadwell Junior Rally
(See the event's own website – www.nhmccadwellstages.org.uk)
The dates for 2018 are 17 November for the Junior Rally and 18 November for the Cadwell Stages Rally
2017 NHMC Cadwell Stages Rally and Junior Rally
The fourth running of the North Humberside Motor Club Cadwell Stages Rally took take place on Sunday 19th November. This year the the Junior Rally was held on Saturday 18th November.
The NHMC Cadwell Stages Rally was a round of
- the Motorsport News Circuit Rally Championship in association with MSVR, featuring the Michelin Cup, the Protyre Challenge and the Hockly Swift Cup plus
- the ANWCC Stage Rally Championship.
The NHMC Cadwell Stages Junior Rally was a round of
The main event was won by David and Alice Tinn in their MEM Proton Satria
This was a hard fought win with a winning margin of a mere 2 seconds.
Photo by kind permission of Kevin Money firstname.lastname@example.com, the event's Official Photographer (click to enlarge).
Full results can be found on the event's own website www.nhmccadwellstages.org.uk.
The Junior event was won in fine style by Tom Rawlings and Alan Gilbert in their Peugeot 107.
The Juniors completed the same stages as the adults, and Tom's time, had he been with the seniors, would have made him 59th overall and second in class 1. The Juniors are the stars of tomorrow!!
Photo by kind permission of Kevin Money mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com, the event's Official Photographer (click to enlarge)
Full results can be found on the event's own website www.nhmccadwellstages.org.uk
NHMC thanks all the competitors who supported us at Cadwell and we hope to see you all again next year.
Thanks also to all the officials, particularly the stage set-up teams and marshals who had to endure cold (although sunny) weather, without their help the event could not have run.


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Hello friends here am back with working free Netflix Premium Account June 2017. Netflix is a very popular Us online community started in the year of 1997 and leaded by Reed Hastings, which providing media streaming to the countries like North America & South America, Australia, Japan and some places of Europe.The area where Netflix suffers is its availability of current seasons. While Netflix has begin to make deals with production companies to get seasons more quickly. Currently you will have to wait an average of ten months for the latest season to debut on Netflix. If you watch a completed series like "24" or "Buffy the Vampire Slayer," you won't have an issue.
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Washington (AFP) - The United States and Cuba formally resumed diplomatic relations Monday, as the Cuban flag was raised at the US State Department in a historic gesture toward ending decades of hostility between the Cold war foes.
The Cuban red, white and blue standard joined the flags of other US allies flying outside the building in the US capital at about 4:00 am (0800 GMT), according to an AFP photographer. (Read full text)


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<> SAB Critical Response To EPA's Draft Fracking Assessment Report - In its latest draft, 184-page, Apr 26, document EPA's Science Advisory Board (SAB) provides its response to EPA's draft "Assessment of the Potential Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing for Oil and Gas on Drinking Water Resources (External Review Draft, EPA/600/R-15/047, June 2015)." SAB: "Most members of the SAB Panel are concerned that these major findings as presented within the Executive Summary are ambiguous and appear inconsistent with the observations, data, and levels of uncertainty presented and discussed in the body of the draft Assessment Report."
Friday, April 29, 2016
SAB Critical Response To EPA's Draft Fracking Assessment Report
Posted by JPMcJ at 4/29/2016 10:47:00 AM 0 comments Links to this post
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Adding a Mass Air Meter and Full Exhaust From SLP
As hot rodders, there are few of us that can leave well enough alone. In spite of our promises of leaving our latest acquisition stock, eventually the urge becomes too much to bear. And, it's usually only a short time later that the UPS guy is at the front door with boxes full of parts.
LS1 guys are no different. Now that these cars are being paid off and coming off of warranty, more and more people are getting the itch to up the "oomph." Curious as to what the average Joe could expect from a well rounded upgrade package, we decided to contact SLP Performance Parts to see what they had to offer. They fixed us up with a more aggressive cam, complete header and exhaust system, and an improved intake manifold from the new LS6/ZO-6 combination.
So, cool! We had a car, we had some parts, now all we needed was an install-and-testing facility. We needed to look no further than Doug Rippie Motorsports (DRM), just outside of Minneapolis. DRM specializes in late-model Corvettes but has tons of experience on F-Bodies as well, which is no surprise since they share the same engines!
Doug Rippie Motorsports' claim to fame is the ability to tune a combination to its maximum, a skill that you will see them clearly demonstrate here. Consider that you can buy an affordable all-aluminum LS1 engine from GM Peformance Parts (or SLP, for that matter) with EFI on board, as well as coil-on-plug ignition and a set of the best cylinder heads Detroit has ever had on a production line, and you'll see that this tech story goes beyond GM enthusiasts. This is an engine for everybody!
We think the results are pretty impressive, especially considering that this car is totally tame to idle around town in. You could take your mom on a cross-country road trip in this thing. So follow along as we walk you through the "gotchas" that come up during a complete exhaust install this month, while taking on a cam, spring, and intake swap next month. It's a bolt-on bonanza!


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The Enid Weekly Wave. (Enid, Okla. Terr.), Vol. 4, No. 19, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 13, 1897
Description: Weekly newspaper from Enid, Oklahoma Territory that includes local, territorial, and national news along with advertising.
Date: May 13, 1897
Creator: Isenberg, J. L. & Isenberg, Edna
Item Type: Refine your search to only Newspaper
Partner: Oklahoma Historical Society


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So I figured; after a nice long mornings sleep and arriving at the field just before noon, rather then the usual 8 in the morning for brief and practice, due to the morning rain, I would be ready to go. We'll… have you ever had one of those days where you were a little off? And I don't mean off in an unsafe way. Hell, we are flying aerobatics, this is a great day. But when it comes to flying precisely, a sequence of 10 to 15 figures, for people that are looking for five degrees of error in all three planes and deducting 1 point for every five degrees, not being "on" is usually not great for well scored competition runs. LOL. But hey it's the first contest of the year and it is May. How much practice have we gotten in, right? So I am approaching this one as the warm up, but seriously none the less.
I saddle up for my practice flight of the "Known" sequence. Launch off for the last flight in the box before pilot brief and the start of the contest. So it's kind of a weird spot but no big deal, I get to fly.
By the time I get to altitude things are feeling better and I get about 30 seconds to think while the guy before me is called, "times up, clear the box" then I am called in for my ten minutes. Ron and Steve are on the ground and are kind enough to take an interest and add some great critique.
"Ok guys, I'm on base about to dive into the box"
"Gotch you, insight", they reply.
As I am diving in everything seems ok and I start the sequence. I get through the first half of it and miss a roll, zero the figure, it's practice, I have 10 minutes, so I climb back up start over. Toward the end I miss something else, not a good practice run. I ask how much time is left?
"They aren't ready down here so you have time." Ron says.
"Huh", I figure "wow, lucky me", I am thinking.
"Let's do it again" I radio down. Thinking to myself, "I'll get it this time."
As I dive in for my third attempt, I get through figure one and they call me off, times up…
Knowing I was pushing it anyway, I break off and land. As I am taxing up everyone is already waiting for the brief to start. So I get 98R shut down, double check mags and master, make sure she is parked then get my ass to the brief.


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Ireland's hopes of qualifying for the World Cup finals are still within reach in spite of losing 2-1 to Spain yesterday in a World League 3 quarter-final.
A win would have secured the men in green a place in the World Cup finals, but as the top five teams go through there remains another chance.
Ireland are now in the 5th-8th place classification - leaving them two wins away form a place in the finals.
Eugene Magee, a constant threat throughout, manufactured a superb chance for himself with a blistering solo run down the wing and into the circle but his final reverse shot skimmed past the post. Ireland edged the tie going into the half with David Harte hardly called upon in the opening 30 minutes.
But the Spanish appeared to come out with a bit more fire in the second half and Harte had to make a smart save following a crash ball into the circle.
Spain won their first PC in the 37th minute and brave first running by Johnny McKee saw him block the shot but land hard on his shoulder, resulting in a stretcher being called for the young Banbridge player.
In spite of two great saves by Harte from the following PC, Ricardo Sanchez managed to flick the rebound into the net to give his side the lead.
Ireland got their just-rewards in the 44th minute from a powerful drag flick by Alan Sothern to bring the game level.
But just a minute later Spain had retaken the lead with a mistrapped PC sent crashing back into the circle for the free Alvaro Iglesias to sweep in at the back post.


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The Shakers, an American religious community first established in 1774 that peaked in the 1840s with a membership of 6,000, began to decline with the rise of mass manufacturing in the late nineteenth century, and is more or less reduced to surviving artifacts, buildings, music, and crafts now, have always fascinated me. The irony is that the Shakers are now remembered mostly for the material goods they produced and that they considered of little importance rather than for the religious beliefs that were their motivating force, but though the spare beauty and sheer level of craftsmanship of the furnishings and other items that they produced has enormous appeal to me, I do find a lot of merit in some of their principles. (No, not the whole celibacy thing.) I find much food for thought and inspiration in the Shaker work ethic and embrace of simplicity. I think often of their founder Ann Lee's maxim on time management:
Do all your work as though you had a thousand years to live; and as you would if you knew you must die tomorrow.
I also like this rule of thumb for Shaker creations:
If it is not useful or necessary, free yourself from imagining that you need to make it. If it is useful and necessary, free yourself from imagining that you need to enhance it by adding what is not an integral part of its usefulness or necessity. And finally, if it is both useful and necessary and you can recognize and eliminate what is not essential, then go ahead and make it as beautifully as you can.
Or, more simply:
Don't make something unless it is both made necessary and useful; but if it is both necessary and useful, don't hesitate to make it beautiful.
And then there are these dictums, which I think work wonderfully as basic design principles:
Simplicity is the embodiment of purity and unity.
Beauty rests on utility.
That which has in itself the highest use, possesses the greatest beauty.
That is best which works best.
However, as interested as I long have been in all things Shaker and though I have tried to apply some of their principles above to my crafting processes, it did not occur to me that the Shakers were also knitters themselves until a few days ago when I came across the photo above, which is a 1949 photograph of a Shaker sister knitting, and was taken at Canterbury, New Hampshire, by Nina Leen.
This photo is of Eldress Fannie Estabrook knitting at Hancock Shaker village, Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and was taken sometime in the 1930s.
Knitting America: A Glorious Heritage from Warm Socks to High Art by Susan M. Strawn has some information on Shaker knitting (and I've drawn on it to write this post). For of course Shaker women were prolific knitters as most mainstream American women were in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century — they had to be. Homely but very necessary items like stockings and mittens couldn't be machine made at that time. Shaker sisters knitted many stockings, socks, gloves, mittens, fingerless mitts, wristlets, shawls, washcloths, chair cushions and rugs, both for use by the community and for sale, and as with all the goods the Shakers produced, Shaker knits were much admired for the excellence of their workmanship and design.
This is a picture of a Shaker-made rug, made by knitting tubes which were then sewn together in a spiral. One thing to keep in mind when looking at this or any other examples of Shaker knitting is that Shaker sisters knitted with "knitting pins", which were even smaller than than contemporary U.S. size 00 knitting needles. They were essentially long hairpins with knobs at one end. I look at that rug, lovely as it is, and I think about my experiences of knitting with the smallest knitting needles I've ever used (i.e., probably U.S. size 2/2.75 mm), and I think, umm, no, not even if I did have a thousand years to live. Mind you, had I been a Shaker back in the day, my poor knitting form probably would have gotten me reassigned to kitchen duty anyway.
The Shakers were never one to work in an unnecessarily inefficient or labour-intensive way. They were always very progressive and innovative when it came to adopting new technologies and even patented a number of their own inventions. Though in the early days the Shakers carded and spun their own wool, as milled fibres became available they were quick to begin to use them, and they began to use knitting machines, though due to the limitations of the machinery, and in order to maintain the quality of their work, they would still hand finish the garments by hand-knitting ribbed cuffs and edgings to otherwise machine-made items. They were also very willing to produce goods to suit the tastes of mainstream society. In the early twentieth century the Canterbury village Shakers installed knitting machines into some of their former laundry rooms and produced bicycle stockings and varsity sweaters for sale.
I suppose one of the Shaker's lasting contributions to knitting is the Shaker knitting basket. The basket above, from Shaker Workshops, is based on the Shaker knitting baskets used in the nineteenth century.
There is also a knitting stitch called the Shaker stitch, or Shaker Rib stitch, though I don't know that the Shakers invented it. (It is also known as the half fisherman stitch.) It's just as likely that they simply used the stitch so much in their knitted goods that it became associated with them. The Shaker stitch has a ribbed effect of vertical lines and is very stretchy and flexible, which makes it especially useful for ribbed cuffs and waistbands. Machine-made Shaker sweaters were very popular in the 1980s. I remember that at 14 I had one in aqua, and little guessed why it was referred to by the term it was. The video above demonstrates how to knit the Shaker stitch.


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Care Tips .... There are very few care tips and nothing specific to the ghost koi.
- Keep them in as large a pond as possible and treat them as a pond fish rather than a koi. They do not require a premium koi diet with colour enhancers but a well balanced pond fish diet will be sufficient for this undemanding fish. They can be fed earlier in the Spring and later in the Autumn than koi without risking associated health problems experienced in purer inbred ornamental varieties.
- As ghosts will readily consume quantities of food, the pond must have effective means of removing solids to maintain clarity coupled with effective biofiltration to breakdown toxic metabolic by-products. I.e. normal pondfish practise.


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English | Espańol
All Issues > Volume 27, Issue 1
What on earth were the Pharisees doing working together with the Herodians? The Herodians were supporters of King Herod and his policies. When push came to shove, Herod was likely more concerned with currying the favor of Rome than of observing the laws and traditions of his Jewish roots. The Pharisees were a group of Jews committed to following the Jewish laws and dedicated to holiness. Jesus commented on the outstanding holiness of the Pharisees (Mt 5:20). The Herodians probably had compromised their Jewish faith and lifestyle; the Pharisees were known for their uncompromising devotion to God, and perhaps on occasion their opposition to Roman rule.
Two groups that might seem to have little in common found something to bring them together: their opposition to Jesus (Mk 3:6; see also Mt 22:15-16). Herod himself and Pontius Pilate, "who had previously been set against each other" (Lk 23:12), became friends once they had mocked and insulted Jesus.
Who do you think is the last person or group on earth that you would ever be associated with? Is there a group with a cause that makes you nauseous? If you "fall away from your sincere and complete devotion to Christ" (2 Cor 11:3), you might soon find yourself preferring to work with that group in opposing Jesus. This prefigures hell itself. Those in hell have chosen to spend eternity with hateful demons rather than be associated with Jesus.
"Be on your guard" (Mk 13:5). Choose Jesus daily.


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(Family Division; Bodey J; 31 January 2008)
Ordering a local authority to pay the entire cost of a residential assessment agreed by the authority to be in the child's best interests, notwithstanding that the authority had a deficit budget, the court noted that there was an urgent need for further consideration of the funding of necessary residential assessments. Some arrangements needed to be put in place to avoid the need for costly hearings of this sort on a routine basis. It was unsatisfactory if not invidious that courts charged with taking serious and sensitive decisions about children should have to choose between (a) overburdening an already over-stretched local authority or (b) denying a residential assessment to a parent for whom it represented the only hope of avoiding the loss of his or her child to adoption. The case amply justified the opposition of the Family Justice Council to the amendments recently made to the Funding Guidance, in particular the change that meant that the court could no longer direct a sharing of the costs of a residential assessment such as to achieve a contribution from the Legal Services Commission.


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MILLEDGEVILLE, Ga. – The Georgia College softball squad (10-10, 2-0 PBC) started the Peach Belt Conference (PBC) season in the best possible way, sweeping Francis Marion University (11-7, 2-2 PBC) 7-6 and 3-2 Sunday at the Peeler Complex.
The Bobcats jumped out to a 7-0 lead after the first three innings in game one, thanks to a six-run third inning. Haley Burnett (Columbus, Ga.) had a two-run single and Lindsey Conway (Madison, Ga.) a two-run double in the breakthrough inning.
FMU charged back, scoring three each in the fourth and fifth innings, but could not get the equalizer. With the tying run on second in the fifth, freshman pitcher Erica Bell (Fayetteville, Ga.) induced a grounder for the final out of the inning. The Patriots managed just one more baserunner off Bell in the final two frames.
Burnett finished 2-for-3 with three RBI, the lone multi-hit performer in the contest. The win went to Bobcat starter Sabrina Chandler (Covington, Ga.) improving to 4-2 with four innings, surrendering four runs on seven hits. Bell allowed one earned run over three innings for her first career save.
Patriot starter Kayla Ellingsen (5-3) took the loss in 2 1/3 innings. Catcher Olivia Ferguson was 2-for-3 with a pair of RBI.
In game two, it was the Patriots with the early lead, 2-0 after three innings. The Bobcats were blanked until the bottom of the seventh and final inning.
A Patriot error got things started, followed by a walk. Next, shortstop Natalie Bellantoni (Oviedo, Fla.) singled to right to load them up. Third baseman Michl'le Hull (Stone Mountain, Ga.) followed with her own single to right, plating a pair of runs for the 2-2 tie. Hull and Bellantoni both advanced to scoring position on the throw to the plate that missed the tying run.
After an out, first baseman Shahlisa Shirley (Winter Garden, Fla.) hit a grounder to the second baseman, who tried to cut down Bellantoni at the plate unsuccessfully, completing the three-run rally. Bellantoni finished 2-for-4 with a run.
Burnett (4-4) picked up the win, scattering three hits and two runs over all seven frames while fanning seven. Katie Carnes (3-2) took the loss in 6 1/3 innings.
After waiting until the final PBC doubleheader of the 2011 season to get a sweep last year, the Bobcats pick up a sweep in their first PBC action and now share the top of the conference standings with Armstrong.
The Bobcats are back in action Friday, March 2 at 4 p.m., hosting Brevard College.
The Georgia College Department of Athletics, two-time winners of the PBC Commissioner's Cup, sponsors 10 varsity athletic programs at the NCAA Division II level. As a Division II program, Bobcat Athletics prides itself on balancing the life of the student-athlete, evidenced by the teams' multiple appearances in post-season competition as well as documented academic success and community-service involvement. Sign up at www.twitter.com/BobcatSports and www.facebook.com/gcbobcats for up-to-the-minute reports, and visit www.GCBobcats.com for more information, and to nominate your favorite former Bobcats and Colonials to the GC Athletics Hall of Fame.


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God. Has it really been nearly 18 months since I wrote or posted anything? Let's catch up on a few things:
- I've been spending these past months working hard at a challenging job that I'm grateful to have and enjoy very much.
- At the end of 2014 I reconnected with some long lost girlfriends and we spent much of 2015 going to dinners, brunches, shopping, and celebrating our lives together. We have the #besties Facebook posts to prove it.
- 2014 and early 2015 found me with an unlimited membership at the beautiful Bikram Yoga studio near my office, but I really couldn't find the time to drive to the studio on weekends and consequently couldn't practise as much as I'd like. Luckily at the end of April, Mia and I discovered Orangetheory Fitness. And for the first time in my adult life my list of New Years Resolutions does NOT include 'lose weight' or 'get in shape,' because I'm actually happy with my size and feel as strong and healthy as ever.
So life continues to be very good! But...
2016 is the year I turn 55. 55! I suppose that could be middle aged...or one could say I have more years behind me than ahead of me. It is time to stop wasting time, live up to my true potential, and start creating.
1. Write and read everyday. '500 Writing Prompts' is a great start...better than a journal. It's just for me so my writing doesn't have to be perfect, witty, or even eloquent. The point is just to WRITE. Even if it's only for 10 or 15 minutes a day. On Dec 31 I answered the question: "Who is your favorite clothing designer, and what article of clothing do you love most by them?" So a short clumsy repetitive blurb on DVF and my collection of wrap dresses. This morning's question: "If you knew it would be published, name someone (alive or dead) whose biography you would love to write. You would have all access to their life." Nora Ephron of course! Which led me to read some Nora books, which led to add reading to my list. One can't write if one doesn't read.
2. Hydrate. We just have to do it. For our skin and the rest of our organs. For energy. No further explanations needed. Also, isn't that swell bottle just beautiful in rose gold?
3. Don't waste time on people and things that don't matter. I'm not 25, or 35, or even 45. I haven't got that much time and I have too many things to do.
4. Surround yourself with things you love. Because I thrive in beautiful surroundings. And buy only things that are useful and beautiful; I'm worth it. This could also mean "Feng shui the sh*t out of my house."
5. Pamper yourself, and always put your best face forward. I've always taken good care of my skin, but it needs more attention than ever--so facials, mani/pedis, lashes, regular coloring and blowouts, good skincare products, dentist appointments--will be as important and added to my regular routine along with the amazing, 'worth every penny' Orangetheory classes.
I'm excited about being creative and beautiful in 2016, and all of its possibilities!


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KEENE, N.H. – In a Senior Day doubleheader filled with wild momentum swings, the Keene State College baseball team wound up splitting with UMass Dartmouth on Friday afternoon at Owl Athletic Complex. The Owls stunned the Corsairs with a ten-run seventh to win game one 11-10 before UMD scored late to win the second game 9-2.
- Keene State: 15-19, 5-9 LEC
- UMass Dartmouth: 23-13, 5-9 LEC
How It Happened – Game One
Keene State saved their biggest inning of the season for a key time, as the Owls sent 16 men to the plate in the seventh, scoring ten times en route to an 11-10 come-from behind win in the opener. Seven different KSC batters recorded a hit. Mac Struthers went 2-for-4 with a double, two runs batted in and a walk. Christian Bourgea and Connor Longley each had a pair of hits and drove in a run, while six other Owls each had one RBI. Kenny Michael paced UMD's offense with a 3-for-4 day, driving in four with a double and a homer. The Corsairs went deep four times in the game, with Mitch Baker, Mike Knell and Erick Ramirez also doing so.
KSC took the lead in the second when they drew four walks, three in succession to start the frame. Abe Grainger, Bourgea, and Struthers each took ball four as the Owls loaded the bases. The next two were retired, but John Tarascio took another free pass for a 1-0 lead.
Keene State starter Brandon Heath kept the Corsairs without a hit over the first three innings, but UMD struck in the fourth. Baker's one-out homer tied the game and, later, after Jose Vasquez (single) and Pat Vartanian (error) reached, Michael scored both with a two-run double to right for a 3-1 Corsairs lead.
UMass Dartmouth appeared to put the game out of reach in the sixth when they tagged the KSC bullpen for three home runs and five runs total. A solo shot from Knell with one out was just the beginning, as after a walk to Vartanian, Michael's blast to center made it 6-1. Ramirez followed with a blast of his own as UMD went back-to-back. The Corsairs tacked on another when Josh O'Neil scored on a wild pitch.
Trailing 8-1 and without a hit until there were two down in the sixth, the first ten reached as the Owls erupted for a ten-run seventh inning. The frame started with three straight singles from Longley, David Sevigny and Tarascio, the last of which scored a run. UMass Dartmouth then lifted starter Ben Lodge, but three consecutive relievers failed to get an out. The uprising continued with Devin Springfield's RBI knock to right and Nate Rossi's base hit to center as the Owls drew within 8-4. Consecutive walks forced home another run before three straight hits gave KSC the lead. Struthers' two-run double to left tied the game before Longley ripped a single to right that gave the Owls a 9-8 advantage. UMD finally recorded the first out of the frame, but KSC eventually tacked on two more, going up 11-8 on a run-scoring wild pitch and a bases loaded walk.
The Corsairs made things interesting when they plated a run in the eighth and put the tying run in scoring position in the ninth, but Sevigny and the Owls closed the door. In the final frame, Vartanian doubled and Michael singled as UMass Dartmouth threatened by putting the first two on. They made it 11-10 with a sacrifice fly and got a single from O'Neil to put the tying run in scoring position, but a fly out and a routine fielder's choice sealed Keene State's victory.
How It Happened – Game Two
After being shut out over the first seven innings, the Corsairs scored nine times in the final two innings to win the nightcap. Longley went 1-for-3 with a run-scoring double and a walk. Bourgea also doubled and Sevigny had a run scoring single, but Keene State was limited to three hits overall, all coming in the second inning. Nate Tellier had four hits and drove in four to lead UMD's offense, while Ramirez went 2-for-4 with a double and two RBIs.
After Keene State starter Isaac Keehn stranded four in the first two innings, the Owls struck for a pair of runs in the bottom of the second off UMD starter Matt Cronin, who entered the afternoon with the lowest ERA in the country. Bourgea's leadoff double started the frame and, after Struthers was retired, a two-bagger from Longley made it 1-0. The Owls added a second run when Sevigny scored Longley with a base hit to right.
Leading 2-0, Keehn continued to work in and out of trouble. UMD put the first two on and eventually loaded the bases with one down in the fourth, but a strikeout and 6-3 double play kept them off the board. They did the same in the fifth when a single and walk started the frame, but a sacrifice bunt failed as Keehn got the lead runner at third and then sent down the next two after that.
The Corsairs filled the bases in the seventh when a single sandwiched two walks, but a shallow fly to left and a bouncer to third had Keehn through seven scoreless innings. KSC had an opportunity to add to the lead in the seventh when Longley worked a leadoff walk and Tarascio reached on an error with one down, forcing Cronin out of the game. However, reliever Mac Curran (3-0) came in and induced a pop out and a grounder to short to end the threat.
UMass Dartmouth tied the game (2-2) with three consecutive hits to open the eighth, the last of which being a two-run double to center from Tellier. KSC avoided further damage for the moment when they struck out Michael and Curran to end the inning and keep the game tied.
After a quick eighth, the Owls were in immediate trouble in the ninth when Vartanian pulled a double down the left field line and Ramirez walked. A bunt single loaded the bases before Tellier came through for the second straight inning, this time a two-run single to left that put UMD ahead for the first time (4-2). The Corsairs tacked on from there, with a wild pitch and a two-run single from Knell making it 7-2.
Trailing 9-2, KSC went down 1-2-3 in the ninth as their bid for the needed sweep came up short.
Keehn started and went seven-plus innings for the Owls, striking out six. Ryan Sliwinski (0-2) took the loss.
Around the Horn
- Keehn's seven-inning performance was the longest of his just-completed freshman season. He finishes with 32 strikeouts and a 3.93 ERA in 36.2 innings.
- Before the first game, KSC honored seniors Bourgea, Grainger, Springfield, Rossi, Steven Zadravec, and Noah Rizio for their contributions to the program.
- Playoff permutations: Keene State was eliminated from the Little East Conference Tournament with the game two loss. The Owls needed to win both games in order to qualify. UMass Dartmouth clinched the No. 6 seed by virtue of having a better head-to-head record than KSC against second-place Eastern Connecticut.
Up Next
- Keene State's season comes to an end.
- The Corsairs will take on top seed and eighth-ranked UMass Boston in the first round of the conference tournament on Wednesday afternoon, May 9, at Monan Park.


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|Archived February 20, 2019
Aerial Photographs of Outer Banks Show Coastal Damage from Hurricane Irene
A series of before-and-after aerial photographs of North Carolina's Outer Banks shows the impact of Hurricane Irene on the coastline, highlighting several breaches that severed a state highway and moved large volumes of sand inland.
The series, produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and posted online at http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/hurricanes/irene/photo-comparisons/, features five photo pairs that show coastal change in areas from Cape Lookout to Oregon Inlet.
Hurricane Irene made direct landfall near Cape Lookout on August 27, 2011. Because of the right-angle shape of the Outer Banks, barrier islands facing southeast underwent different coastal changes than those facing east.
The southeast-facing coast, from Cape Lookout to Cape Hatteras, was exposed to waves and surge from the ocean. Photographs of Ocracoke Island (location 2 on map) show large volumes of sand removed from the beach system and deposited over roads and grass marshes. Flooding by storm surge in these areas was minimal, however, as surge crested above dunes only in limited places.
The east-facing coast, from Cape Hatteras to Oregon Inlet, also was exposed to waves and surge from the ocean, but surge was higher in the sound. Sections of Rodanthe (location 4 on map) and Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge (location 5) were exposed to storm surge from Pamlico Sound of about 6 ft, which contributed to carving of channels through the island that breached a state highway in several places. A total of five breaches were cut through the coastal landscape between Cape Hatteras and Oregon Inlet.
"Such multiple breaches, or new inlets, cut through the Outer Banks could take weeks to months to close on their own," said USGS oceanographer Asbury (Abby) Sallenger, "and without intervention like pumping sand, some could even persist indefinitely, depending on the channel's cross section and the volume of water flushed through it on every tide."
Three days after the landfall of Hurricane Irene, USGS scientists acquired detailed information about coastal change through aerial photography and an airborne lidar (light detection and ranging) survey conducted with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Airborne lidar is a remote-sensing tool attached to an aircraft that uses laser pulses to collect highly detailed ground-elevation data. Information from the surveys allows scientists to discern the degree of changes to beaches and coastal environments and to determine how much the land has eroded and where new inlets have cut through. The photographic and lidar information will be useful in mitigation and restoration efforts, such as rebuilding North Carolina Highway 12, which was severed in several places by breaches cut through the barrier islands by Hurricane Irene.
Data acquired will also be used to make more accurate predictive models of future coastal impacts from severe storms and to identify areas vulnerable to extreme coastal change.
To view the before-and-after photographs illustrating coastal changes and damage from Hurricane Irene, visit http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/hurricanes/irene/photo-comparisons/. For information on hurricane preparedness, visit http://www.ready.gov/.
in this issue:
New System Measures Topography and Bathymetry Simultaneously
Final Beach-Erosion Survey Before Elwha River Dam Removal
Aerial Photos of Outer Banks Show Damage from Hurricane Irene
Manatee "Chessie" Sighted in Chesapeake Bay
Natural Gas Resources Remain to Be Discovered in Cook Inlet, Alaska
Interns Help Organize USGS and Map Collections in St. Petersburg, Florida
New Interns Join USGS Southeast Ecological Science Staff
Publications Explain Elwha River Restoration
Microbiology of Deep-Water Mid-Atlantic Canyons
|Archived February 20, 2019


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Establishing Worshipping Community in Parkdale
Parkdale Update - After further discussions this past winter and spring, the Bonar Parkdale Presbyterian Church board approved us to rent their church on Sunday afternoons for the foreseeable future. Beginning the first Sunday in May, we have moved our worship service, Sunday School, and youth ministry events to Parkdale. The move has meant the loss of some families, and the addition of others from the immediate neighborhood.
Internship Ministries this Past Summer – We had a dozen interns over this last year whom we brought into an intentional program of coaching and ministry skill development in some specific focus.
• Guatemala missions trip – One couple led a team of 10 adults and children to Guatemala for our yearly outreach there, serving alongside an orphanage partner, and also the Alliance Church in Santiago. A highlight of the trip was a training event for dozens of adult Sunday School and children's workers on how to teach the gospel to children. This was followed by a family outreach event for their community at which our Children's Pastor, Leslie Shillinglaw shared the gospel with many families and children.
• Commnity Outreach – Another couple developed relationships among international families in their building, living intentionally with a view to discipling people in faith in Christ. This couple hopes to go overseas with the Alliance soon.
• Street-involved People – Two men learned to serve among street involved people in our Community Night outreach. One of these men is now speaking with Global Ministries with a view to hopefully going overseas with the Alliance later.
• Pastoral – Another intern has left engineering and entered seminary with a view to pastoral ministry as a result of our Hearing God seminar and then the internship. He began to clearly hear the call of God which the internship only served to ratify. He also helped to lead an Alpha Program last fall.
Ministry Training this Coming Year – Our efforts at providing a pathway for adults desiring to grow in spiritual lives and in ministry skills has been greatly served by The Re-build Centre, our training school for ministry volunteers and those preparing for future vocational ministry. The Internship Program launches again this September offering training and mentoring in the following ministries:
• Compassionate Ministries among the street involved community in Queen West
• Youth & Children's Ministry outreach among youth from Tibetans, Vietnamese, Muslims in Parkdale
• Young Adult and Young Offender Missional Community in the Jane & Finch community
• Church Pastoral Ministry training with families and youth in the communities in and near Parkdale
• Intercultural Ministry training for those reaching out to immigrant and refugee families, children
• Marketplace Ministry training among those in workplace settings in downtown Toronto
Community Youth – This summer we, once again, ran a soccer league for children and youth. There were 12 teams, all coached by young adults from our church. At the wind up there were probably 300 people present, parents and children, hearing the good news of the love of God for them. Some of these same soccer families came to church this last Sunday.
Faithful Partners in Ministry - We are thankful for the continued partnership and commitment of many to give to the Re-build Project to raise funds needed to buy a building. We have over $1 million in investments in the bank earmarked for a building purchase when God opens that door, as well as another half million in pledges. We will need much more than that when time to buy comes, so more is needed.
September 12, 2018
We are also so thankful for the continued support of church teams who come and serve in various downtown ministries alongside us, including caring for the street-involved community and the urban poor.
We are also so thankful for the continued support of church teams who come and serve in various downtown ministries alongside us, including caring for the street-involved community and the urban poor.
Back to News Home


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We will also be busy harvesting our garlic shortly - but then entire crop is going for seed this year.
Yes, it is dry. But for us, this is not a total tragedy. And I'll share why.
|Our tomatoes on drip irrigation
|Heirloom, artisan, cherry, grape, beefsteak and roma from the fields this year.
Because of the heat and dryness there is little to no disease we are encountering thus far. Even insects are not that bad. The plants are massive and healthy and the veggies themselves have amazing concentrated flavours. Field tomatoes are exceptional. I expect our peppers to be gorgeous and have amazing flavour as well because of this heat. There will be additional expenses due to running the irrigation pump what seems like almost daily, but that will quickly be offset by the additional produce our fields will be producing this season. So, for us, when a 'dry hot' year comes around once a decade or so, we always do pretty well, because disease doesn't shut us down. The only concern comes from watching storm clouds. Hail can wipe us out. So the extreme heat and potential thunderstorms do cause great fear in my gut. But, so far we've been lucky.
IF we knew then what we know now, we would have hauled ass this spring and staked the tomatoes! Getting them up off the ground. Half our patch is beefsteak and romas which are determinate and don't really need it, but for the heirloom and cherry - it would have been fantastic! Ususally on the years we take the time to do it, it rains and pours and they all get blight. lol. So, instead we baby the greenhouse tomatoes by stringing and suckering them and let the field tomatoes go wild!
|Our onions and beets
Carrots and beets are so so, as the patches got very weedy fast (while we were picking strawberries!!) but Ben has seeded lots for the fall. So, our colourful carrots will be starting soon. It sure was nice to have beet bunches from the greenhouse in the meantime thou! We've just started digging potatoes, and will have some nice yellow flesh and fingerlings to go along with our whites soon!
We are able to offer bulk cucumbers for family pickling and also to businesses as wholesale as well. We always try to offer cucs, but most years they don't turn out to us due to mildews. No mildew out there yet ;) !!! Also roma tomatoes will be offered in bulk too. Your best bet is to head to our market booth at either Dufferin Grove or Brickworks, as I am not taking small email orders. Just too busy enjoying my babies this year! If your order is 2 bushels or more, I will accept your email and do the best I can to get Ben's attention. He is keeping VERY busy in the fields this season. We are hauling ass trying to make up for the cabbage/cauliflower loss of 2015. So far it looks like this season will bring us back to where we need to be ;)
|Enjoying lunch hour at the beach.
Log onto our INSTAGRAM account by seeking SosnickiOrganic to keep updated on whats happening on our farm! I'm always snapping and sharing quick crop photos and the odd family shot!
Enjoy the harvest - it's a good one!


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11 February (Part 3) - Bexley council cut off
As noted last month,
Mike Ellsmore, Bexley's Director of Finance, plans to
retire. I wonder if one of his underlings, Tariq Bashir, is eyeing up the job.
Mr. Bashir is responsible for paying Bexley council's contract bills, but he didn't. The result was that Bexley council's staff mobile phones did not work for a couple of days. EE cut them all off for non-payment. Social Services were unreachable by vulnerable clients. Can't have done Tariq's promotion prospects a lot of good.
Don't laugh. The last time Bexley council screwed up their communications systems, someone died.


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Ruby on Rails
Rails is a graphical web program written in Ruby. It was created by David Heinemeier Hansson in 2004, but he did not share the commit rights to the project until 2005.
How hard is Ruby on Rails?
Ruby on Rails uses the model-view-controller (MVC) pattern to organize app programming. Many find it very difficult to learn this program. On the Internet, there are even articles that explain in detail why it is so difficult to master this program. The main reason is that using this program requires knowledge of different domains from databases, templates creation, etc.
However, if you really want to master this program, you can find special books for beginners: «Agile Web Development in Rails» or «Rails Tutorial». The study of the program and its amplification in the required degree requires the amplification of specific habits from the origin, and in the future, they will accomodate you to orient better. The success of apprehension Rails depends only on you, as well as on the material you choose to study.
After all, some books provide purely theoretical and encyclopedic information, which is difficult to operate in practice, while others, on the contrary, show all the bases and tips that can be used in the work.
However, it's worth knowing that you are not immediately upgraded to the wizard of this program, you need practice, lots of practice, and time.
Most people think that learning Rails is difficult, because the origination of the graphing process itself is grievously. You just have to make more effort when you don't catch on something. Because when it's simple and clear, the learning process is usually easy. And as soon as there's some more complex information that needs to be sorted out, many refuse to do this, justifying this like as the program is difficult and complicated, although in reality it is not at all. You have only to approach the pioneering of Ruby on Rails with the understanding and desire, anticipating that it will take more than one hour and even not one day to become a confident user. If you're ready for this – then Ruby on Rails developers are waiting for you.


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So sorry, I forgot to add the last "S" to this prior to posting it. Here's the complete acronym that was posted yesterday. Merry Christmas!
C – CHRIST: Matthew 16:16 – "You are the Christ, the Son of the living God."
H – HOLY ONE OF GOD: John 6:69 – "…You have the words of eternal life,…you are the Holy One of God.
R – RESURRECTION: John 11:25 – "Jesus said to her, 'I am the resurrection and the life. Whoever believes in me, though he die, yet shall he live.' "
I – IMMANUEL: Matthew 1:23 – "Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and they shall call his name Immanuel (which means, God with us)."
S – SON OF GOD IN POWER: Romans 1:4 – Jesus "was declared to be the Son of God in power … Jesus Christ our Lord."
T – THE TRUTH: John 14:6 – "Jesus said to him, "I am the way, and the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me."
M – MIGHTY GOD: Isaiah 9:6 – "For to us a child is born, to us a son is given… and his name shall be called…Mighty God…"
A – ALPHA AND OMEGA: Revelation 1:8 – "I am the Alpha and the Omega," says the Lord God, "who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty."
S – SAVIOR: Luke 2:11 – "For unto you is born…a SAVIOR, who is Christ the Lord."
Please feel free to share this important message with others to help keep CHRIST in CHRISTMAS!


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To this day, Google Adsense remains one of the most profitable and easiest way to monetize a website. Web publishers don't have to hunt for Advertisers, manage the ad inventory and handle the technical aspects involved in serving advertisements to their visitors. If you have a legitimate site and your site offers value to users, Google Adsense is certainly one of the most feasible way to generate organic revenue.
The biggest advantage of Google Adsense over other advertising programs is that their ad inventory never goes out of stock. So it doesn't matter where your visitors are coming from. And since these ads are contextually targeted and match closely with the content of your webpage, the conversion ratios are much higher than other CPC or CPM ads, available through other advertising networks.
Click Fraud And Make Money From Adsense Scene in India, Pakistan And China
Sadly, some people are always abusing a system and trying to get rich online as fast as possible.
Worst thing is that some people have created a business out of this and are luring innocent people into make money online scams, in the name of Google Adsense which still remains one of the most trusted advertising programs on the web.
Check this newspaper clipping and you will understand the saga:
There are basically two ways people from third world countries like India, Pakistan and China are abusing this system.
Case A: You have no idea how to make money online and you see one of these advertisements which come on the Classifiedssection of any Indian newspaper. You call them up and they tell you to contact one of their office executives. When you reach their office, they tell you that you have to register an account with them and pay a one time membership fee. In return, they will create a free website for you and register your account into Google Adsense. Next, they will supply you a huge list of other Adsense members (with email address and contact details), so that you can start working with them and generate cash.
The so called work is nothing but clicking ads on the sites of other members while they click ads on yours. This is nothing but CLICK FRAUD!
Real life example: I have seen these click fraud scams in front of my eyes. People spend 1-2 hours daily on Yahoo messenger (because someone told them that Gmail chat can be traced) and request clicks from other members. This madness continues until they find that their account has been banned.
They go to the executive but he shows proof that they have received money from Google and this program is genuine. With a heavy heart, victims leave but they don't forget blaming Google because they think that Google cheated their money. Actually, they have been seasoned to think like that.
Case B: You see one of these newspaper clippings and call them up. They tell you to join a free seminar and 3 hour workshop on Online revenue generation. You go to the workshop where you are told to register for a one time membership fee. In return, the company will create a free website for you and show you how to generate income within a period of 2-3 months.
Once your site is up and running, you are given a training on how to spam forums and social networking sites in order to generate free traffic to your website. In the eyes of a newbie, these methods are not at all spam because he can't differentiate between the correct and wrong methods.
The result is that customers sometimes manage to get one or two payments but sooner or later, they are also kicked out from Google Adsense. Why? Because their site is not at all high quality and the content is written by stupid content farms who have specialist writers for every other topic on earth. They can jot down 30 to 40 500 word articles a day, so you can imagine what a horrible mess is happening out here.
And it's not that Google is unaware of these things and as a legitimate Adsense publisher, we are lucky that they haven't imposed a country specific restriction yet.
Upcoming Changes To Adsense Application Process
Google is getting really serious regarding the quality of sites that get accepted into the Google Adsense program. Google has announced in an official blog post that newer Adsense applications will undergo a two step review process. Here is the synopsis:
1. Starting today, newer applications will fall under the new 2 tier review process and Google will perform preliminary checks on each and every site submitted into the Google Adsense program.
2. If everything goes well and the submitted site adheres to Adsense program policies, Google will notify the applicant via email, grant them account access and provide them a sample ad code. This ad code should be implemented on the submitted site, as the review process will be considered incomplete if the ad code is not found on the target website.
3. Live ads won't immediately appear once the ad code has been placed on the submitted site. Since the application hasn't been fully approved yet, temporary blank adswill be shown instead.
4. These blank ads will blend in with the background of the page, so users won't see them and the user experience won't be impacted. As a result, there's nothing to click on and thus revenue can't yet be generated.
5. A final and thorough check will be made on the target site and a final approval decision will be made. This can involve human eyes inspecting your website and judging the quality level or authority so here is a take away point Do not hurry with your submission. Take a deep breath, build a useful resource first and then apply for Google Adsense.
6. Once the final approval is over, blank ads will be automatically replaced with working ads. There is no need to change any code but publishers are welcomed to create new ad units and experiment with other customizations from their Adsense account.
Note to existing Adsense publishers: Your Adsense account won't be impacted in any way as these rules are only applicable for new submissions.
Want Your Adsense Application Approved?
If you want your Adsense application approved, here are a few things you should know:
1. Go to Adsense Program policies page and print out the entire Adsense program policy on paper. Read it from top to bottom, and don't stop until you understand it fully. Wake up the next day and read it again, read it often and if possible – learn it by heart. I mean it.
2. If you have doubts, don't be shy and post your question in Google Adsense help forum. It is very very important to completely understand each and every program policy first and then go ahead with your application.
3. Get a website under a top level domain. Gone are the days when you could open a free blogspot blog, write 10 blog posts as fast as possible and get accepted into Google Adsense.
4. WRITE YOUR OWN CONTENT. Please for Christ's sake, WRITE YOUR OWN CONTENT!!
5. Thoroughly check your site for broken links and Under constructionpages.
6. Do not write on Porn, gambling, alcoholic or other socially abusive content. You have the full checklist on the program policy page
7. Let your website be at least 8-10 months old before applying for the Adsense program. I am sure there are exceptions but any sooner and there is a high chance you might lose it.
8. There are no shortcuts, schemes or get rich quick thingy on the Internet. Existing Adsense publishers have toiled really hard and made a valuable resource first, so you should also follow the same path.
9. While applying, make sure your street address is in the correct format.
10. Triple check your Payee name because there is no undo after this!
11. Do not involve with third party sites who promise to create an Adsense account for you. You will always play it safe with a clean application.
12. Do not participate in any traffic exchange schemes, stupid partnerships or any fake way of generating traffic. Your site should get traffic on its own, without having to force people to come to your site.
13. Read the program policies again and again and again and again and again. After 3 years of getting accepted into the Adsense program, I still read it every other Sunday.


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|Venue: Museum of Science
|Categories: screening
A three-part evening celebrating our love affair with the galaxy. First, encounter Moonwalk, an experimental film designed specifically for full-dome planetariums. The rough cut received the IBM Innovation Prize at the 2007 Boston Cyberarts Festival—now we premiere the finished film in the new Planetarium. Next, journey farther out through a cosmic story slam: What will galactic life be like in the future? What does an alien abduction feel like? Why is gazing at the stars so alluring? Record your real-life or science fiction story and email it to email@example.com for a chance to tell the tale in-person to the audience around you and outer space overhead. The evening wraps up with a cosmic cocktail reception, where you can show off your inspired space-wear or high-tech fashions.
Audience favorites will be awarded.
Photo: Moonwalk, Clea T. Waite
May 4, 7pm
Admission| Haydn Planetarium Fee: $15. Purchase tickets in person at the Museum box office, by phone at 617-723-2500, or online
Public Transportation| Lechemere (Green Line)