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How Do You Know If Your Drinkware is Dishwasher Safe?
Promo Expert
Published: July 8th, 2019
Other Lessons in This Course
- Why Some Drinkware is Not Dishwasher Safe
- How Do I Use My Promotional Products?
- How Do I Distribute Promotional Products?
- How to Wash a Baseball Cap
- Why Some Drinkware is Not Dishwasher Safe
- How to Shrink a Shirt
- What Prevents Ink From Rubbing Off an Item?
- How to Clean Your Reusable Water Bottle or Travel Mug
- A Guide to Caring for Your Gadgets
- How to Wash Your Tote Bags
- How to Improve Traffic to Your Trade Show Booth
- The Best Trade Show Giveaways for Your Industry
- How to Choose the Right Trade Show for Your Business
After a long day, the last thing you want is to roll up your sleeves and do the dishes. Well, here's the good news and bad news. Most of your drinkware is safe for the dishwasher, but some items may still need to be washed by hand, especially if they're customized with a design.
Why are some mugs not dishwasher safe? Which materials are fair game? It's time to get that drinkware out of the kitchen sink!
How Do You Know if a Cup is Dishwasher Safe?
It might seem like a chore to clean all those cups, but you don't want to put everything in the dishwasher. You can tell if a piece of drinkware is dishwasher safe by doing the following:
- Look for the words "dishwasher safe" or the symbol.
- Know which materials can go in the dishwasher.
- Consider the type of drinkware that needs to be washed.
What is the "Dishwasher Safe" Symbol?
If your cup is safe for the dishwasher, it will be printed with this symbol. Look for it on the bottom, or in some cases, on the side, handle, or inside of your drinkware.
It's important to note the "dishwasher safe" symbol may not always look exactly like the one featured here. A similar mark, whether it's a plate on a rack or one getting drenched with drops of water, can also be found on certain dishware.
No matter how it looks, you always want to look for some kind of mark of "dishwasher safe." It will help you determine whether or not you can load that drinkware into the dishwasher.
You should always handwash travel mugs or tumblers. The dishwasher could destroy the insulation.
Which Materials Can Go in the Dishwasher?
You have a lot of different drinkware in your kitchen cabinet – water bottles, mugs, cups, the list goes on and on. Generally speaking, that dishware is made from:
- Stainless steel
- Aluminum
- Copper
- Plastic
- Ceramics
- Porcelain/China
- Crystal
- Glass
- Wood
Not all of these materials are dishwasher safe. This handy chart breaks down which drinkware you can put in the dishwasher and what should remain in the kitchen sink.
Stainless Steel
*Insulated travel mugs should never go in the dishwasher.
*It depends on the type of plastic. Thin, weak plastic should not go into the dishwasher.
The "dishwasher safe" symbol will override any of these rules if you see it on your drinkware. It's still a good idea, though, to consider the material before you put anything in the dishwasher.
Which Types of Drinkware Can Go in the Dishwasher?
You've had a lot to drink during the day, and the dishes are piling up in the kitchen sink. These are the types of drinkware that can safely go in the dishwasher.
Tumblers can go in the dishwasher as long as they're made from hard plastic or stainless steel. Be sure to place the lid on the top shelf and wash the straws separately by hand.
Ceramic mugs are safe for the dishwasher, while porcelain should be washed separately by hand. The mug's handle should be turned away from any other dishware to avoid damage.
A cup that's made from hard plastic or glass can be washed in the dishwasher. Keep in mind, plastic should always go on the top rack to reduce heat exposure.
Glass drinkware, like shot glasses and wine glasses, is almost always dishwasher safe. Try not to stack them too closely together, or you could risk chipping the glass.
Water Bottles
Plastic and stainless steel water bottles are usually dishwasher safe, but it's often recommended to wash them by hand instead. This is because food particles can easily get trapped inside.
Should You Handwash Your Custom Drinkware?
It's always a good idea to handwash your custom drinkware, whether it's a mug featuring your kid's picture or a water bottle printed with a company logo. If not, the design runs the risk of chipping off in the dishwasher due to the high temperatures and harsh detergents.
The good news is it doesn't take that much time and effort to wash your custom drinkware by hand! You just need about 30 minutes, a few basic household ingredients, and maybe some awesome music to play while you clean.
*DISCLAIMER: The advice in this article is based on most drinkware and may not always hold true. It's always best to follow the instructions that come with your drinkware or speak directly to the manufacturer. If you are at all unsure or don't want to take a risk, handwash the cups, bottles, or mugs instead.
The Bottom Line
You don't want to destroy your drinkware because doing the dishes sounds like a terrible time. Be sure to only put in the items that can handle it, like hard plastic tumblers and ceramic mugs. Your drinkware will be squeaky clean and ready for the next round!
Alyssa Mertes
Alyssa is the Lead Copywriter at Quality Logo Products. As a promo expert, she's uncovered the world's first custom tote bag, interviewed the guy behind rock band ACDC's logo, and had a piece published by the Advertising Specialty Institute, a leader in the promotional products industry.
Kangovou. (2019, May 27). How to Tell If Something is Dishwasher Safe. Retrieved June 6, 2019, from https://www.kangovou.com/how-to-tell-if-something-is-dishwasher-safe/
Smith, L. (2015, September 2). 13 Things You Should Never Put in the Dishwasher. Retrieved June 6, 2019, from https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/home/cleaning/a34246/what-not-to-put-in-your-dishwasher/
Clear + Well. (2009, October 23). Is it Safe to Wash Plastic Bottles and Dishes in the Dishwasher? Retrieved June 6, 2019, from https://clearandwell.com/is-it-safe-to-wash-plastic-bottles-and-dishes-in-the-dishwasher/


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Frome RFC's Matt Smith has been offered the opportunity to tour South Africa with England Deaf Rugby.
"Thank you very much for taking the time to look at this. The England Deaf Rugby team are preparing for a tour of South Africa to play South Africa Deaf Rugby in a three test match series.
Being a charity, England Deaf Rugby have tasked players with raising £1400 to help pay for their places on the tour and ultimately to spread the word about Deaf rugby and disability sport. I have been offered the opportunity to go on this tour and I am creating this page to help with my part of the fundraising. Any possible donation, of any would be greatly appreciated by me and the charity/team! Thank you in advance!!
If anyone knows of a business that would be interested in being my official player sponsor then please drop me a message. Frome RFC, myself and the power of social media can offer some brilliant exposure for a business. Alongside match tickets and logo/branding opportunities with England Deaf Rugby.
Thanks to my club, Frome RFC for their support and backing so far!"
To support Matt click the link ➡ https://bit.ly/33pqiRp

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These decent trail cameras are made affordable so that you can buy several of them without putting a huge dent in your budget.
Moultrie Trail Camera Reviews (Editor's Picks & Pros-Cons)
The more you set up and use the wider an area you can scout for the game in. See The Price On Amazon 5. Then pay close attention Moultrie A-20 Camera because this is an upgraded version of it that works even better.
They have added some other nice features and improved upon some other ones the M had too. Most people rave about how well this game camera works for its small size. One of the bigger upgrades that took place with it is in its photo resolution. Moultrie A-20 Camera
That is a significant improvement in photo quality. Another big improvement over the M comes with it Moultrie A-20 Camera flash. The M used a lo-glow flash design that had a possibility of being seen by an animal and spook them.
There Moultrie A-20 Camera no chance of that with these trail cameras invisible infrared flash technology. If you use this as a security cam its flash is undetectable to the human eye too even when looking straight at the game camera. When you add in its other great features such as its 0. See The Price On Amazon 6.
Download Moultrie A Camera Firmware for OS Independent
It ranks right up there with just about any model trail camera they make. You would probably guess Moultrie A-20 Camera it costs three times as much as it does for all that you can do with it.
It is an exceptional trail camera buy. It all begins with it 12 megapixels of photo resolution.
You will also capture Moultrie A-20 Camera animals with it too and not just heads and tails. This trail camera model takes very good nighttime photos too. You can use this camera with a Moultrie field modem for wireless use and it features a built-in viewing screen too. It needs to detect movement quickly in the area and then it must cast a long bright flash to light up the area before a photo is snapped. That is exactly what you get with most Moultrie trail camera models. How do they do it? Their infrared lo-glow and no-glow flashes just seem to be brighter and more powerful than most. They also use a special proprietary motion-sensing technology called an Illumi-night sensor. It enables the camera to be just a little bit more sensitive to nighttime movement so no animal photo taking opportunities are missed.
As a matter of fact, that is pretty much an industry standard these days. People have shared mostly positive experiences when dealing with Moultrie on warranty issues. Password protection Moultrie likes to add password protection to many of their trail camera models too. Moultrie A-20 Camera capability Many Moultrie trail cameras can be used in conjunction with the free-standing modem that Moultrie sells. This will give your Moultrie trail camera the ability to send photos to your phone, computer or smart device as other celular game cameras do. Not many ultra-high resolution models to choose from Warranty and Other Considerations Moultrie game cameras have a warranty that is very consistent with those of the other quality trail camera manufacturers in the marketplace. They offer those that purchase their cameras a solid 2-year warranty from the date of purchase.
Moultrie has a reputation for being a company that stands behind its products well. One thing that Moultrie has proved themselves to be a leader in is mini game camera design.
You have seen some examples of that on our Moultrie top model list in this article. This advanced modern trail cam sports moderate features and advanced wireless capability. We believe you may find the A Game Camera to be most useful around the house for the backyard animal lover or as a starter game camera for serious hunters. Unfortunately, the features may not stand up to the most demanding sportsmen and outdoorsmen. Image Moultrie equipped the Moultrie A-20 Camera with a 12MP front facing camera for high res photos of your game.
Trigger speeds below one second from detection to capture ensure your photo is on time. Images are offered in two settings, low x Moultrie A-20 Camera and high x px. TCP Rating: 64/ - Moultrie makes many high-quality trail cameras, unfortunately, the A20i is not one of them.
The good battery life and nice case design do. Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for Moultrie A Mini Game Camera at Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our.
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Built-in wardrobes are vital bedroom applications because they serve as storage rooms without cluttering your bedroom floors. These built-in wardrobes will hide your clothes, accessories, ties, bags, bed linen and all other items that you can fit into them. If you have an open bedroom wardrobe and plan to install doors, you will need to decide between hinged and sliding doors. Understanding the basic differences between the two types will help you make a decision that works best for your bedroom. Here are some golden rules for choosing between hinged and sliding doors.
Understand Basic Functionality
Both sliding and hinged doors work on different principles. As the name suggests, sliding doors are set on a bottom track and are slid sideways for opening and shutting. Hinged doors are set on pivots connected to the wardrobe frame, and follow a frontal opening and shutting mechanism. Both types of doors will open and shut by using their own mechanisms. Once you've understood the basic functionality of these doors, you will be in a better position to decide what's best for your built-in wardrobes
Think About the Space You Have Available
Choosing between sliding and hinged doors for built-in wardrobes will rely heavily on the space available in your bedroom. Before making a decision, you will need to measure the space around your wardrobe to establish whether hinged doors are possible for your wardrobe. The last thing you will want is to settle on hinged doors, only to realise that they open out too much and end up blocking some other element in your bedroom. If you choose sliding doors, you need to be sure that there is enough space between the hanging clothes and doors to ensure that your items don't get damaged as you slide them open. If you have less space inside your wardrobe, but have no limitation to the space, then hinged doors are the perfect choice. If you have ample space inside your wardrobe with limited outer space, then sliding doors are a good choice for your built-in wardrobes.
Consider Your Personal Style
If you have ample space inside and outside your wardrobe, then the final decision will boil down to your personal taste and preferences. For example, if your bedroom is infused with traditional-styled décor, then classic hinged doors may be better suited to your taste. If you enjoy the idea of sleek, modern styles, then sliding doors will be a good choice for you. You can also decide whether you're looking for a standard door or something more ornate, depending on your personal taste.
Use these golden rules when deciding between hinged and sliding doors for your built-in wardrobes.Share
30 October 2015
Hello! Welcome to my blog! My name is Julie and I live in a large house in the suburbs of Perth, Australia. My husband and I moved into our current home a couple of years ago and since then we have been working to transform it into our dream place. The house itself is lovely, but the interior looked like something from the 1970s. When we started our renovation project we didn't have a clue what we were doing. However, with each job we completed and each mistake we made, we learnt a new skill. I decided I would like to share what we have learnt here.


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Joomlaproffs have migrated to Joomla 1.6 2.5 to businesses in the Stampen Group.
Adbid is a company of the Stampen group bidding out unsold seats on several popular sites. Through a wide network of morning papers over Sweden provides the cost-effective locations for banners on newspaper websites. Joomlaproffs migrated Adbids own site from Joomla 1.6 to the new LTS version 2.5. Once in 2.5 now updated Joomla by a click, making it extremely easy to always be updated to the latest version.
Visit Adbids new Joomla 2.5.4 website here: www.adbid.se
If you have an older version of Joomla and want to upgrade? Read more here...


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Klebsiella pneumoniae is rapidly acquiring resistance to all known antibiotics, including carbapenems. Multilocus sequence type ST258 (sequence type 258), carrying a gene encoding the K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (blaKPC) on a transmissible plasmid, is the most prevalent carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in the United States and has disseminated worldwide. Previously, whole-genome sequencing identified core genome single nucleotide variants that divide ST258 into two distinct clades, ST258a and ST258b. Furthermore, a subset of ST258b strains have a 347-base deletion within the enterobactin (Ent) exporter gene entS. Despite the predicted inability of these strains to secrete the siderophore Ent, this clade is prevalent among clinical isolates, indicating that a full-length entS gene is not necessary for infection. To compare the transcriptional responses of ST258 subtypes to iron limitation, we performed transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) in minimal medium alone or supplemented with iron or human serum and measured gene expression patterns. Iron limitation induced differential expression of distinct iron acquisition pathways when comparing ST258a and ST258b strains, including the upregulation of the hemin transport operon in entS partial deletion isolates. To measure how K. pneumoniae strains vary in iron chelation and siderophore production, we performed in vitro chrome azurol S (CAS) and Arnow assays as well as mass spectrometry. We determined that both ST258a and ST258b strains grow under iron-depleted conditions, can utilize hemin for growth, and secrete Ent, despite the partial entS deletion in a subset of ST258b strains. All carbapenem-resistant (CR) K. pneumoniae strains tested were susceptible to growth inhibition by the Ent-sequestering innate immune protein lipocalin 2.
IMPORTANCE Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, including K. pneumoniae, are a major health care concern worldwide because they cause a wide range of infection and are resistant to all or nearly all antibiotics. To cause infection, these bacteria must acquire iron, and a major mechanism of acquiring iron is by secreting a molecule called enterobactin that strips iron from host proteins. However, a subset of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae strains that lack a portion of the entS gene that is required for enterobactin secretion was recently discovered. To understand how these mutant strains obtain iron, we studied their transcriptional responses, bacterial growth, and enterobactin secretion under iron-limited conditions. We found that strains both with mutated and intact entS genes grow under iron-limiting conditions, secrete enterobactin, and utilize an alternate iron source, hemin, for growth. Our data indicate that carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae can use varied methods for iron uptake during infection.
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are resistant to all or nearly all antibiotics, are increasingly present worldwide, and are therefore designated an urgent public health concern (1). Infection with carbapenem-resistant (CR) Klebsiella pneumoniae is of particular concern due to its high mortality rate of approximately 41 to 50% for bloodstream infections (1–3). Klebsiella species cause a variety of infections, including pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and bacteremia, and represent the third most common cause of health care-acquired infection, further contributing to their relevance to health care settings (4). Despite epidemiological studies documenting the spread of infection and patient risk factors associated with infection, the bacterial pathogenesis of CR K. pneumoniae is currently not well understood (5–7).
To measure the genomic diversity of CR K. pneumoniae, a cohort of isolates was collected from hospitals within the midwestern United States for whole-genome sequencing (8, 9). Strains isolated from infection and colonization were primarily the multilocus sequence type (MLST) ST258 (sequence type 258), but molecular genotyping based on core genome single nucleotide variants separated them into two distinct clades, ST258a and ST258b (8, 9). ST258a isolates were significantly associated with the carbapenemase blaKPC-2, whereas ST258b isolates were associated with the carbapenamase blaKPC-3 (8). Significant epidemiological differences were present as well. Infection with ST258a isolates was more likely to result in an increased length of hospital stay than ST258b infection, and ST258b infection was more commonly acquired from a skilled nursing facility, whereas ST258a infections were more commonly community acquired (10). These differences in presentation and outcome suggested functional differences between these clades during infection. Indeed, whole-genome comparisons uncovered numerous polymorphisms within the capsular polysaccharide locus and extending into the mdtABC locus, as well as differences in plasmid contents (8, 9). Intriguingly, a 347-bp deletion in the enterobactin (Ent) siderophore exporter gene entS (entSΔ347) was found in a subset of ST258b isolates that was absent in ST258a isolates (9). The entS nucleotide sequence of ST258a isolates contains a 10-nucleotide repeat, and the deletion in ST258b isolates begins after the first instance and ends immediately after the second repeat (nucleotides 324 to 670; see Fig. S1A in the supplemental material). This mutated allele (entSΔ347) contains a frameshift, altering the amino acid sequence beginning at position 109 and resulting in a premature stop codon truncating the protein at position 136 compared to the full-length 413-amino-acid sequence (Fig. S1B).
Copyright © 2018 Holden et al.
This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
Ent is the prototypic catecholate siderophore and is secreted by Gram-negative bacteria, including K. pneumoniae, to acquire iron (11). Siderophores are major virulence factors in K. pneumoniae, and Ent has the highest known affinity for iron of any molecule (11). To counter the iron-sequestering effects of Ent, host cells secrete lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) that specifically binds to and sequesters Ent. Because entS encodes the only known Ent exporter, a deletion in entS is predicted to impair the ability of bacteria to secrete Ent for iron acquisition (12). Because K. pneumoniae ST258 isolates do not carry genes encoding additional siderophores, the inability to secrete Ent could be deleterious. In Escherichia coli, entS-null mutants release Ent breakdown products that have lower affinity for iron than that of intact Ent. The Ent esterase Fes cleaves cyclic Ent into monomers, dimers, and trimers of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoylserine (DHBS) (13, 14). Whereas the affinity of the linearized trimer of DHBS is similar to that of Ent, the iron affinities of DHBS monomers and dimers are less than that of Ent (15). Despite their lower affinities, some of these breakdown products can act as siderophores (13, 14). In extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli, an entS mutant is significantly attenuated in a systemic infection model (12). However, in K. pneumoniae, conservation of the entSΔ347 allele within a subset of the ST258b clade suggests that compensatory iron acquisition or alternative Ent transport mechanisms may be present. A decrease in the export of Ent in favor of release of linear DHBS molecules and use of alternate compensatory iron acquisition pathways could be a strategy for some K. pneumoniae strains to evade the bacteriostatic effects of Lcn2 during infection.
To understand iron acquisition by CR K. pneumoniae, we examined the transcriptional and phenotypic responses of ST258 isolates to iron limitation induced by incubation in minimal medium and human serum. To study gene transcription in response to iron-replete and iron-depleted conditions, we performed transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify differential gene expression based on iron status and entS deletion. Additionally, we performed in vitro assays to characterize the ability of ST258a and ST258b strains to grow in iron-limiting medium and to secrete iron-chelating molecules. We characterized the secretion of Ent by these strains using mass spectrometry. These results serve to increase the general understanding of CR K. pneumoniae iron acquisition and identify distinct iron starvation responses by ST258a and ST258b CR K. pneumoniae.
RNA-Seq analysis identifies differential gene expression in response to iron-depleted media.The representative strains of K. pneumoniae utilized in this study are shown in Table 1. To examine the effect of the entSΔ347 allele on the transcriptional response to iron-limited media, RNA-Seq was performed on the following strains: KPPR1, a wild-type (WT) strain secreting the siderophores Ent, yersiniabactin (Ybt), and salmochelin (Sal); UHKPC05, an ST258a strain with a full-length entS gene; NJST258_2, an ST258b strain with a full-length entS gene; UHKPC48 and VAKPC297, ST258b strains with the entSΔ347 allele. Samples were collected for RNA-Seq 1 h after subculture into iron-limited minimal medium alone (M9/C) or medium supplemented with iron (M9/C+Fe) or 5% human serum (M9/C+serum; see Fig. S2 in the supplemental material). To identify genes among all ST258 isolates that were significantly modulated under iron-depleted conditions (iron-depleted M9 minimal medium [M9/Chelex] versus iron-replete M9 medium [M9/Chelex+Fe]), the DESeq2 package in R was used to analyze count data obtained from RNA-Seq (Table 2). Negative fold changes represent genes that were significantly downregulated in response to iron depletion, whereas positive fold changes represent genes that were significantly upregulated in response to iron depletion. Genes that were significantly downregulated in response to iron-depleted media include the iron storage protein ferritin gene (KPNJ2_01976) and superoxide dismutase sodB (KPNJ2_02431) that uses iron as a cofactor. The downregulation of these iron-dependent genes during iron-depleted conditions serves as an internal validation. Genes that were significantly upregulated in response to iron-depleted media include Ent synthesis genes (reference gene loci KPNJ2_04011-04015), an iron-sulfur cluster assembly locus (KPNJ2_02279-02282), a proposed TonB-dependent siderophore receptor fitA (Fig. 1A), a catecholate siderophore receptor fiu locus (Fig. 1B), and a hemin transport system gene (KPNJ2_01180-01184). To identify transcriptional differences associated with the entSΔ347 allele, gene expression in entS+ and entSΔ347 isolates were compared in the physiologically relevant iron-limited condition M9/Chelex+serum. Expression of entS was reduced in entSΔ347 isolates (Fig. 2A, 2.3 log2 fold change and adjusted P value of 2.72E−6). In contrast, gene expression of the hemin transporter hmuS was significantly higher in entSΔ347 isolates than in entS+ isolates (Fig. 2B, −1.71 log2 fold change and adjusted P value of 7.14E−2).
Copyright © 2018 Holden et al.
This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
Growth of K. pneumoniae ST258 strains in iron-replete and iron-depleted conditions.To determine the ability of ST258 strains to grow under iron limitation, cultures were extensively diluted (1:100,000) into iron-depleted M9 minimal medium (M9/Chelex), and growth curves were constructed. Under these conditions, an E. coli entS-null mutant had a small but consistent growth defect (Fig. S3), suggesting that a functional defect in ST258 entSΔ347 mutants may be detected. Because the extreme antibiotic resistance of ST258 eliminates use of many genetic markers, it is technically challenging to create isogenic mutants. Therefore, the KPPR1 strain and an isogenic siderophore-negative mutant KP7 were used as positive and negative controls for siderophore-dependent growth, respectively. KPPR1 had the earliest and maximal growth, whereas KP7 was unable to grow (Fig. 3A). The ST258 strains grew but compared to KPPR1, the UHKPC48 strain had a slight delay and NJST258_2, UHKPC05, and VAKPC297 strains had longer delays. Although strains UHKPC48 and VAKPC297 both express the entSΔ347 allele, the delay in growth of the VAKPC297 isolate is more dramatic than the growth delay of UHKPC48. With the addition of 100 µM Fe2SO4, the growth of KP7 was rescued, and the growth of NJST258_2, UHKPC05, and VAKPC297 improved (Fig. 3B).
Copyright © 2018 Holden et al.
This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
Within serum, iron is bound by the host protein transferrin, and iron acquisition for growth by WT KPPR1 requires siderophores (16). To examine the ability of the strains to acquire iron in a physiologically relevant iron-limiting condition, growth curves were performed in M9/Chelex supplemented with 5% heat-inactivated serum. Similar to M9, strain KPPR1 had maximal growth and strain KP7 did not grow. However, all ST258 strains grew rapidly in media containing 5% serum as an iron source, indicating that ST258 strains are able to acquire iron from human serum for replication (Fig. 3C). These data document that all ST258 strains, even those with the entSΔ347 allele, are able to grow in various iron-depleted and iron-replete growth conditions, although they did not grow as well as KPPR1 strain, which secretes multiple siderophores.
ST258 strains secrete iron-chelating molecules and catechols.To explore the ability of ST258 strains of K. pneumoniae to grow in iron-depleted conditions, in vitro chrome azurol S (CAS) and Arnow assays examining the secretion of iron-chelating molecules were performed. The CAS assay involves a dye bound to iron that can be removed by a chelator, resulting in a shift in the dye color, and is measured as a shift in absorbance at 630 nm (ΔA630) (17). To detect iron-chelating molecules present in bacterial culture after overnight growth in M9 medium, supernatants were subjected to the CAS assay. In addition to KPPR1 and KP7 controls, KP20 was used as a control strain that secretes only Ent based on mass spectrometry (18). Supernatants from all strains, except VAKPC297 (entSΔ347), contained significantly more iron-chelating molecules than KP7, the siderophore negative-control strain, did (Fig. 4A). The lack of secreted iron-chelating molecules by VAKPC297 compared to UHKPC48 is consistent with the growth defect of VAKPC297 in M9/Chelex shown in Fig. 3A. However, the entSΔ347 strains UHKPC48 and DMC0526 secreted significantly more iron-chelating molecules than strain KP7 did. CAS assay results from strains cultured overnight in M9/Chelex exhibited similar levels of iron-chelating molecules, indicating that residual iron in the M9 minimal medium did not impact the results.
Whereas the CAS assay detects general iron-chelating molecules, the Arnow assay detects catechols, which are the iron coordinating regions of Ent. Similar to the CAS assay, the Arnow assay is a colorimetry-based assay in which a shift in color indicates the presence of catechols (19). To determine whether entSΔ347 strains secrete catechols, the Arnow assay was performed on bacterium-free culture supernatants. As expected, strains KPPR1 (Ent+ Ybt+ Sal+) and KP20 (Ent+) secreted significantly more catechols than strain KP7 (siderophore negative) did (Fig. 4B). Strains UHKPC05 (WT entS), DMC0526 (entSΔ347), and UHKPC48 (entSΔ347) all secreted significant amounts of catechols, and strain NJST258_2 produced a moderate amount (P = 0.054). Strain NJST258_1 did not secrete significantly more catechols than KP7 despite secreting significantly more iron-chelating molecules (Fig. 4A). Consistent with CAS assay results, strain VAKPC297 (entSΔ347) also did not secrete significantly more catechols than KP7 did. Arnow assay results from strains cultured overnight in M9/Chelex exhibited similar results. These results demonstrate that the majority of ST258 strains are secreting detectable levels of iron-chelating molecules and catechols, despite the entSΔ347 allele in strains DMC0526 and UHKPC48.
Mass spectrometry detects Ent release by ST258b entSΔ347 strains.Because the entSΔ347 genotype did not correlate consistently with phenotype in the CAS and Arnow assays, we used a more definitive method to measure Ent secretion by ST258 strains of K. pneumoniae. Mass spectrometry has been used to detect siderophores in K. pneumoniae, independent of their ability to chelate iron or react with Arnow reagents (18). Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that all ST258 strains of K. pneumoniae secreted monomers, dimers, trimers, and cyclic Ent (Fig. 5), even in the absence of a full-length entS. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of monomers, dimers, or overall secretion of Ent products. Compared to the ST258b strain NJST258_2 that contains a full-length copy of entS, entSΔ347 mutant VAKPC297 produced significantly less cyclic Ent. Despite also harboring this entSΔ347 mutation, strains DMC0526 and UHKPC48 did not produce significantly less cyclic Ent compared to strain NJST258_2. Strain KPPR1 also secreted less cyclic enterobactin, consistent with conversion of a portion of its Ent to Sal (18). These data confirm that ST258 strains secrete Ent despite the entSΔ347 allele in some ST258b strains.
CR K. pneumoniae growth in the presence of hemin.RNA-Seq analysis identified that the entSΔ347 strains UHKPC48 and VAKPC297 produced increased transcripts for hmuS, a hemin transporter, upon growth in M9/Chelex+serum (Fig. 2B). To determine whether K. pneumoniae strains expressing the entSΔ347 allele can utilize hemin as an iron source, growth curves were constructed for strains grown in M9/Chelex supplemented with 100, 10, or 1 µM hemin (Fig. 6). As in Fig. 3, KPPR1 and ST258 strains were able to grow in M9/Chelex, whereas KP7 (siderophore-negative) strain could not (Fig. 6A). KPPR1 growth improved with hemin addition, whereas KP7 could not grow, indicating that hemin-dependent growth in this strain required siderophores. Addition of 100, 10, and 1 µM hemin restored growth in two of three entSΔ347 strains (DMC0526 and UHKPC48), but not in strain VAKPC297 (Fig. 6B to D), indicating that the hemin may be used as an iron source in some entSΔ347 strains of ST258 K. pneumoniae during growth in iron-depleted conditions.
Lcn2 inhibits growth of ST258 entS mutants.Mass spectrometry analysis identified that strains are releasing Ent, despite a 347-bp deletion in entS in a subset of ST258b strains (Fig. 5). This Ent release, whether through an active exporter or another indirect method, could promote growth in iron-limited conditions. Growth in serum by K. pneumoniae requires Ent or Sal due to the presence of transferrin as described above (16). To measure growth in serum that is attributable to Ent, the medium was supplemented with Lcn2, an innate immune protein secreted by host epithelial cells and neutrophils that specifically binds to and sequesters Ent (20). Strain KPPR1 that secretes multiple siderophores is not inhibited by the presence of Lcn2 because it secretes Sal, whereas strain KP20 (Ent+) is inhibited by Lcn2 (Fig. 7). The siderophore-negative mutant grows poorly regardless of Lcn2, consistent with media supplemented with 10% serum being a siderophore-dependent growth condition. All ST258 strains tested were able to grow in human serum. However, Lcn2 significantly inhibited growth of all ST258 strains, indicating that entSΔ347 mutants utilize Ent for serum growth (Fig. 7). Although entSΔ347 mutants expressed the hemin receptor more than other strains, the ability of strains DMC0526 and UHKPC48 to utilize hemin for growth (Fig. 6) did not prevent serum growth inhibition by Lcn2.
CR K. pneumoniae is resistant to all or nearly all antibiotics and is a major health care concern (1). One CR MLST type in particular, ST258, has disseminated worldwide. Previous studies have identified epidemiological and genomic differences between two prevalent ST258 clades, clade ST258a and ST258b, including a 347-bp deletion (entSΔ347) in the Ent exporter entS gene (8–10). This mutation in a highly conserved iron acquisition system suggested differences in iron metabolism among ST258 strains. To examine the transcriptional response of CR K. pneumoniae to iron, we performed RNA-Seq in iron-depleted and iron-replete conditions to identify transcriptional differences. We identified potential mechanisms of iron acquisition by CR K. pneumoniae: the hemin transport operon that has not been characterized previously in K. pneumoniae, a TonB-dependent siderophore receptor FitA, and a catecholate receptor Fiu. We determined that the hemin transport system is expressed at greater levels in entSΔ347 strains of ST258b K. pneumoniae compared to strains with intact entS. We also characterized the growth patterns and secretion of iron-chelating molecules during in vitro iron-limiting conditions. We found that all ST258 isolates, including entSΔ347 strains, could grow under iron-limiting conditions and secrete iron-chelating molecules, including Ent. Additionally, we found that hemin stimulates growth of two of three ST258b entSΔ347 strains tested in iron-depleted media. These findings begin to characterize how CR K. pneumoniae bacteria respond to iron limitation.
Transcriptional analysis by RNA-Seq identified genes that were consistently induced across ST258 strains in response to iron limitation (Table 2) and those that were differentially regulated in strains with the entSΔ347 allele. One gene that was upregulated across ST258 isolates upon iron depletion is fitA, a proposed TonB-dependent siderophore receptor (Table 2 and Fig. 1A) (21). In E. coli, the fit operon was found to be an iron acquisition mechanism commonly found in human-pathogenic, but not commensal, clinical isolates (21). The substrate for the fit operon is unknown; however, Ent is not the substrate (21, 22). The fit operon represents a mechanism by which ST258 isolates can acquire iron in an Ent-independent manner. A second gene locus of interest that was upregulated in response to iron-depleted conditions by ST258 isolates is the catecholate receptor Fiu (Table 2 and Fig. 1B). The outer membrane receptor Fiu has been hypothesized to mediate uptake of hydrolytic products of Ent, such as linear 2,3-DHBS monomers (23, 24). It is possible that ST258 isolates, particularly ST258b isolates that are deficient in a full-length entS, utilize Fiu to scavenge for and take up hydrolytic products of Ent that may have been secreted through mechanisms other than the dedicated Ent exporter. Indeed, mass spectrometry analysis identified that the majority of Ent products secreted by all strains were hydrolytic products of Ent, rather than cyclic Ent (Fig. 5). There were significant differences between strains in the release of cyclic Ent, but no differences in the concentrations of monomers for isolates. This is consistent with prior work illustrating that entS mutants in E. coli secrete 2,3-DHBS (12).
The hemin transport operon was shown to be upregulated by all ST258 isolates in response to iron-depleted conditions. Additionally, it was shown to be significantly upregulated by entSΔ347 isolates compared to entS+ isolates in M9/Chelex+serum (Fig. 2B). Further in vitro characterization of the ST258 isolates determined that strains UHKPC48 and DMC0526 were able to utilize hemin as an iron source upon growth in iron-depleted media, although strain VAKPC297 was not able to utilize hemin for growth (Fig. 6). However, the ability to utilize hemin for growth did not result in growth of the strains in serum upon the addition of Lcn2 (Fig. 7). One possibility is these strains require Ent for hemin utilization. Indeed, strain KPPR1 requires siderophores to utilize hemin for growth in vitro (Fig. 6), but this strain has low expression of the hemin receptor in M9 medium (Fig. 2). Alternatively, hemin may be scarce in serum, since it can be scavenged by members of the lipocalin superfamily, in particular α-1-microglobulin (25, 26) and was not sufficient to promote growth via hemin transport in the serum growth assay.
The main limitation of this study was that nonisogenic strains were compared to characterize the phenotype associated with the entSΔ347 allele. We attempted to mitigate this by focusing on comparisons between clonally related ST258b isolates and performing comparative genomics. Despite containing a 347-bp deletion in entS, ST258b isolates UHKPC48 and DMC0526 appear to produce extracellular Ent as measured by the Arnow and CAS assays (Fig. 4). Strain VAKPC297 had detectable Ent, but only when measured by mass spectroscopy. Interestingly, this strain has a nonsynonymous mutation in entC, the gene encoding isochorismate synthase in the Ent synthesis pathway, where an alanine has replaced a glycine at position 362 of the protein (GenBank accession no. EOZ46174). If this affects enzymatic function, it may explain lower detected Ent levels. However, all three strains release sufficient Ent to support robust growth in human serum, a matrix relevant to human infection, and that growth is inhibited by Lcn2 (Fig. 7). It is unclear whether Ent supports growth through a specific secretion mechanism or some other form of release. A more complete understanding of iron acquisition by CR K. pneumoniae requires the examination of additional ST258 clinical isolates and development of efficient tools for isogenic mutant construction and ectopic gene expression in these highly antibiotic-resistant strains. In summary, entSΔ347 strains have altered hemin receptor expression in response to iron limitation, but they retain the ability to release Ent for growth. Although iron acquisition is essential for virulence, this is a new example of the varied strategies used by K. pneumoniae to carry out a vital function.
Bacterial strains and media.Lab strains of K. pneumoniae, strains KPPR1, KP7 (KPPR1 entB ybtS), and KP20 (KPPR1 iroA ybtS), have been previously described (27). The clinical isolates NJST258_1 and NJST258_2 (ST258b), provided by Barry Kreiswirth, were previously sequenced (8), while strains UHKPC05 (ST258a), UHKPC48, DMC0526, and VAKPC297 (all ST258b entS) were previously sequenced and characterized in references 8 to 10 (see Table S1 in the supplemental material).
Copyright © 2018 Holden et al.
This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
K. pneumoniae strains were cultured in LB or M9 minimal medium with and without additional supplementation. M9 minimal salts were diluted and prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions (ThermoFisher, Waltham, MA). To create iron-depleted medium, M9 minimal medium was treated with Chelex 100 resin for 1 h at room temperature (Bio-Rad). Following Chelex treatment, M9 was supplemented with d-glucose, MgSO4, and CaCl2 to generate M9/Chelex. M9/Chelex was supplemented with 100 µM Fe2SO4 (M9/Chelex+Fe), 5% heat-inactivated (HI) human serum (M9/Chelex+serum) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), or 1, 10, or 100 µM hemin (M9/Chelex + hemin) (Sigma) where indicated.
Growth curves.Growth curves were performed as previously described (27).
RNA-Seq experiments.Representative strains were cultured in duplicate overnight in LB broth and subcultured 1:100 into fresh LB until bacterial growth reached mid-log phase. At an optical density at 600 nm (OD600) of ~0.3, bacteria were plated for CFU and subcultured 1:10 from the mid-log LB culture into M9/Chelex, M9/Chelex+Fe, or M9/Chelex+serum in duplicate. After 1-h incubation, the OD600 for each sample was read, samples were plated for CFU (Fig. S2), and two aliquots of 108 bacteria were preserved in 2× volumes of RNAprotect bacterial reagent (Qiagen, Germantown, MD). Samples were frozen at −80°C until RNA was isolated.
Thawed samples were resuspended with 500 µl ice-cold sterile Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) to remove RNAprotect bacterial reagent. Samples were spun for 10 min at 10,000 rpm to repellet bacteria. RNA was isolated from 108 CFU of bacteria using the MagJET RNA purification kit (ThermoFisher) and then treated with an additional DNase treatment. rRNA was depleted using Ribo-Zero (Illumina, San Diego, CA). A directional transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) library was constructed using PrepX RNA-Seq for Illumina library kit (Wafergen, Fremont, CA), which was then quantified and normalized using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Samples were sequenced using Illumina NextSeq 500 mid output kit (75-bp paired end), and paired-end reads were mapped to each respective genome using CLC Genomics Workbench (Qiagen). For each gene, raw counts and transcripts per million (TPM) values were calculated. Orthologs in each genome were identified using PanOCT to enable gene expression comparisons across genomes (28). Differential expression analysis was conducted using the DESeq2 package in R.
CAS assay.The chrome azurol S (CAS) assay was performed as previously described to determine the iron-chelating capabilities of bacterial supernatants (29). Briefly, bacteria were inoculated into M9 medium overnight. OD600 readings were taken, and bacterial cultures were spun through a 0.2-µm filter to remove bacteria. Supernatants were subjected to the CAS assay, and the change in absorbance at 630 nm was read. Results are expressed in ΔA630/OD600 for each culture to normalize for differences in bacterial growth.
Arnow assay.The Arnow assay was performed as previously described to determine the secretion of catechols in bacterial cultures (30). Briefly, strains were cultured overnight in M9 medium, OD600 was read, and bacterium-free supernatants were acquired using 0.2-µm filters. Catechols were measured by creating an equal mix of sample, 0.5 N HCl, nitrite-molybdate reagent (10% [wt/vol] sodium nitrate and sodium molybdate), and 1 N NaOH. Absorbance was read at 510 nm, and samples were normalized for bacterial growth using the OD600 of each culture.
Lcn2 growth assay.The Lcn2 growth assay was performed as previously described (18) to measure lipocalin-mediated iron limitation.
Mass spectrometry.Strains were grown overnight in duplicate in M9/Chelex and centrifuged to pellet bacteria. Supernatants were passed through a 0.2-µm-pore-size filter to remove remaining bacteria and frozen at −80°C until analysis. Siderophore concentrations were determined by mass spectrometry as previously described (18, 31, 32).
Data analysis.Statistical analysis for in vitro assays was performed using GraphPad Prism.
Accession number(s).RNA-Seq data have been submitted to the NCBI Sequence Read Archive under the following accession numbers: SAMN04330238, SAMN04330239, SAMN04330240, SAMN04330241, SAMN04330242, SAMN04330243, SAMN04330244, SAMN04330245, SAMN04330246, SAMN04330247, SAMN04330248, SAMN04330249, SAMN04330250, SAMN04330251, SAMN04330252, SAMN04330253, SAMN04330254, SAMN04330232, SAMN04330233, SAMN04330234, SAMN04330235, SAMN04330236, SAMN04330237, SAMN04330226, SAMN04330227, SAMN04330228, SAMN04330229, SAMN04330230, and SAMN04330231. See Table S1 for details.
We thank past and present members of the Bachman lab for assistance reviewing the manuscript. We thank the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI) Sequencing Group for assistance with Illumina sequencing, as well as Pratap Venepally from the JCVI informatics core for data support.
This project has been funded with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services under award U19AI110819, and a discovery grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Canada (NSERC).
- Received March 8, 2018.
- Accepted March 24, 2018.
- Copyright © 2018 Holden et al.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.


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I had the imported 16 oz. NY Strip steak with a black pepper sauce (which I soon replaced with the Nicaraguan favorite - chimichurri) with cross cut fries. My wife chose the jumbo shrimp in butter and garlic sauce with a medley of grilled vegetables. Presentation and quality were excellent. The sauces left a little to be desired, in my humble opinion. As far as the steak goes, 3/4 done seems to be getting rarer and rarer lately although the cut was an inch think so that is to be expected. I only ate half of it...and the waiter gave me a load of that fresh bread...to make a really tasty sandwich later!
The Factory is not cheap. It is one of the nicer restaurants in Managua, Nicaragua at the moment. Service was great and the food was good. Great ambiance.
On a scale of 1 to 10, I give it an 8.5.
Hotel Real Intercontinental Metrocentro Managua, Nicaragua (505) 2276-8989
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Whiskey-Brandy Slush
It may be cold outside, but we like to serve this icy citrus drink for Christmas gatherings at our house. It is fantastic for parties and large gatherings, and keeps well in the freezer. —Joan Shoebottom, Lexington, Michigan
Total TimePrep: 10 min. + freezing
Makes32 servings (1 cup each)
- 7 green tea bags
- 4 cups boiling water
- 7 cups water
- 2 cups sugar
- 1 can (12 ounces) frozen orange juice concentrate
- 1 can (12 ounces) frozen lemonade concentrate
- 1 cup brandy
- 1 cup whiskey
- 2 liters lemon-lime soda, chilled
- Cranberries and assorted citrus slices, optional
- Place tea bags in a 4-cup glass measuring cup. Add boiling water; steep 3-5 minutes according to taste. Discard tea bags. Cool tea slightly.
- In a 6-qt. stockpot, combine 7 cups water and sugar; bring to a boil, stirring to dissolve sugar. Remove from heat; cool slightly. Stir in orange juice and lemonade concentrates, brandy, whiskey and cooled tea. Transfer to freezer containers, allowing headspace for expansion; freeze at least 12 hours.
- To serve, place 1/2 cup slush in each glass; top each with 1/2 cup soda. If desired, garnish with cranberries and citrus slices.


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Brilliant Smart School
The Brilliant Smart School is a complete Web Application that helps to improve the performance and the entire system of Schools, Colleges or Universities all over the world. This system brings an end to the problem of School Manual Information Recording. With this system, you can easily record and manage all your school data without much effort. Information stored in this system can easily be accessed and used at any point in time.


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The Swadeshi Industrial Works PLC the manufacturer of Khomba herbal soap – a No. 01 herbal soap brand in Sri Lanka, donated water tanks for communities islandwide.
This CSR project continues under "Swadeshi Khomba Herbal Soap" brand.
Spokesperson of Swadeshi said that as a Sri Lankan owned company, we consider it a duty to help the communities in the rural areas in Sri Lanka to raise a healthier younger generation. Getting safe water for drinking in schools is a big problem in dry zone areas in Sri Lanka. During the driest times of the year, children are having health issues by not consuming sufficient water during the day. Communities suffer many difficulties and hardships due to this. At Swadeshi we think this is our own social responsibility and we are hoping to continue this project in years to come" she added.
It's another "Swadeshi Khomba Praja Sathkaraya" project which gives safe water for hundreds of students and teachers.
Swadeshi Khomba also annually illuminates country's most famous temples under the theme, "Swadeshi Khomba Aloka Puja Sathkaraya", "As a Sri Lankan owned company, we consider it a duty to safeguard the culture and traditional heritage of Sri Lanka by supporting activities such as Aloka Poojawa" she added. The company boasts of cutting edge technology laboratories and its processes have been certified to ISO 9001 – 2015 standard by the Sri Lanka Standards Institution (SLSI).
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Swadeshi has brought trusted best quality personal care products from nature for you to enjoy, since 1941 and all Swadeshi products are 100% cruelty free - not tested on animals and 100% vegetarian.


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– How much can a rug
reduce the echo in a room? As you can see, I'm building
out a new podcasting studio here at the WeWork in
San Diego, California, and it sounds terrible. I wanna run a couple test
and have you and I both hear what works better. We're gonna test sort of a regular carpet, we're test a shag carpet
against zero carpet which I'll test with
this handy 6-H recorder in just a minute. But is it actually worth putting rugs down to help reduce echo in your room? My prediction is partly based on a bias because I love shag carpets. I have them all around my house and I know that it reduces less. (laughing) Just kidding, I don't
own any shag carpets, but I'm expecting that one to work better just because there's more
space inside the sort of fibers for the sound to get absorbed into. We'll see, but I wanna
show the space a little bit to show you what we're working with and the challenges that we have. All right, so in a previous video I shared some of the plans for this space. This is the desk that
you might have recognized that's gonna be my podcasting,
my live shooting space and obviously I don't
want echo in that content. Now, we are a little bit challenged with this big glass paned window here and this hallway of course. You might have windows in your space that you have to deal with too so we're gonna deal with that later, but for now let me walk you over to the other podcasting space. We're also gonna be doing some live videos from here too. This is where we're
gonna do some interviews and stuff like that
which is really exciting, but let me just give you a quick rundown of how echo actually happens. So if I'm recording in a
microphone, for example, yes, sound is going into
the mic, it's picking it up, hopefully we have a great microphone, but a lot of that sound
gets passed over the mic and around you. It bounces across the walls
and the ceiling and the floor and it comes back into
the microphone later, which is why you hear that
sort of repeated thing that you just said later on and the sound, it just doesn't sound very
good, especially when it comes to the higher level of
standard you should have for your audio in your
podcast and your video. Now, one of the biggest
surface areas here in this room is look down. It's the floor. So, yeah, we're gonna
see if we can just cover this whole surface area with carpet and what kind of difference that makes. That, with a regular kind
of carpet and a shag carpet, we wanna compare. We're gonna start with
a test with no carpet. So I'm gonna put the audio recorder on, we're gonna test some
clicks and some claps, something I'm gonna say,
I'm gonna repeat that throughout the whole process here, and we'll be able to tell
which one actually works better or if at all. Okay, so let's start with test number one with zero carpet whatsoever in this room. So we're gonna switch to the
audio, the zoom right now. Now you should be able to
hear the bassline audio for what we're testing and it should sound even more echoey because
I have a gain turned up and it's sort of capturing
the ambia sound in the room in general, so here's what I'm gonna do. I'm gonna do three claps,
do a click with my mouth 'cause I can do that, then
I'm gonna actually bring the microphone up to my mouth and just say a little something and I will repeat that throughout the whole
process, so here we go. (clapping) (clicking) Hey, this is Pat Flynn from
SmartPassiveIncome.com. All right, back to the other mic now. That's a good baseline. Well, let's put carpet number one in and then we'll test
them against each other, so here we go. (upbeat music) So we just placed a 10 foot circular rug right underneath me. It doesn't cover the entire space, but already I can tell there's
some sound differences. We're gonna do the official
test in just a moment. Well, let's switch to the H-6
as you'll be able to hear now. (clapping) (clicking) Hey, this is Pat Flynn from
SmartPassiveIncome.com. (clapping) (clapping) (clicking) (clicking) Hey, this is Pat Flynn from
SmartPassiveIncome.com. Hey, this is Pat Flynn from
SmartPassiveIncome.com. So as you probably heard, there's a little bit of a
difference, which is nice. It just shows you that you
don't need to go all out with covering your entire
hardwood floor with carpets or buying the most extravagant,
nicest-looking rugs in order to help reduce the sound. As you can see, this is
just a 10 foot circle that's right underneath me right now and you can get them at
a very discounted price at thrift stores or discount
stores and things like that, even online like at Overstock.com
for a pretty cheap price. So we heard a little bit of a difference with, again, a 10 foot wide circular rug. What happens if you cover the entire thing and have a little bit
thicker material like shag? That's what we're gonna
actually install right now. (upbeat music) All right, now we have
the shag carpet installed. It's a little bit bigger. It's 10 foot by 14 feet,
so it almost extends all the way across the room and it covers most of the surface area on the floor. But right now I'm gonna
switch to the H-6 recorder and then we're gonna run the
same test and we'll compare. So here we go. (clapping) (clicking) Hey, this is Pat Flynn from
SmartPassiveIncome.com. (clapping) (clapping) (clapping) (clicking) (clicking) (clicking) Hey, this is Pat Flynn from
SmartPassiveIncome.com. Hey, this is Pat Flynn from
SmartPassiveIncome.com. Hey, this is Pat Flynn from
SmartPassiveIncome.com. All right, so I think it was
pretty obviously that when installing rugs or carpet in a room, you're gonna reduce the echo a little bit because it's one whole surface area, a large one, the floor,
that no longer reflects the sound anymore or
absorbs most of it at least. However, as you can tell,
there's still some echo in the room and we have
a lot of work to do both on the ceiling and
the side walls as well, plus the sort of glass
panel behind you too. So we still got some work to
do and we have some options. So make sure you hit subscribe
because in the next video we're gonna test some DIY
things and we're also gonna test some of those cheap egg crate
looking acoustical panels versus some high-end ones from Audimute and we're just gonna compare
and keep running tests as we build out the space. And, yes, you might be
looking at the corner here and seeing that the carpet
is a little too long, that's okay, we'll cut
it with a box cutter. I've cut the rug before. (dancing) Cutting the rug, uh uh uh uh. Okay, no, but seriously, let us know, did you hear a difference
between the different tests? Let us know in the comment sections below and we still have some work to do. As you can tell, there's five
different flat surfaces here with nothing on them that
still needs some treatment. And in the next upcoming
videos we're gonna treat them in different kinds of ways,
so make sure you hit subscribe and now maybe you're more
informed to understand that a carpet can help or a rug can help, but not all the way. So, make sure you subscribe. Looking forward to serving
you in the next videos and Team Flynn, you're amazing. Team Flynn for the win, cheers. So this is another test
that has me very close to the carpet. I just wanted to see
what it would sound like. I think it sounds pretty good. I think I'm thinking
about maybe doing podcasts like this in the future
plus if the interviewee is boring, I can just kind of fall asleep. (yawning)


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By Michael A. DiSpezio
Read or Download Great Critical Thinking Puzzles PDF
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Extra resources for Great Critical Thinking Puzzles
Example text
Answer on page 75. 30 Many Rivers to Cross +++ Let's take a break from puzzles and go on a rowboat ride across the river. There are four adults who want to cross it. They come upon a boy and a girl playing in a rowboat. The boat can hold either two children or one adult. Can the adults succeed in crossing the river? If so, how? Answer on page 76. 31 Train Travel ••• A train travels at a constant rate of speed. It reaches a stretch of track that has fifteen poles. The poles are placed at an equal distance to each other.
Des. Here's a puzzle that will help you visualize a crystal pattern. Suppose you coat a tennis ball with glue. What is the maximum number of tennis balls that can attach directly to this sticky surface? Answer on page 92 Testy Target ••• Ten arrows are shot at the target below. One of them misses the target completely. The others all strike it. If the total sum of points is one hundred, in which part of the target did each arrow strike? Answer on page 92. 61 Eighth Century Enigma ••• Here's a puzzle that can be traced back to the eighth century.
Some pugwigs are kahoots. All kahoots are zingzags. Which of the following statement(s) must then be true? 1. Some zadohs are zingzags. 2. Some kahoots are zadohs. 3. All kahoots are pugwigs. 4. Some zingzags are pugwigs. 5. All zingzags are zadohs. 6. Some zadohs are kahoots. Answer on page 84. 44 Square Pattern • • -+ Suppose you have to paint all nine squares in the grid below using one of three colors: red, blue, or green. How many different patterns can you paint if each color must be represented in every row and every column?


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You're invited to Vacation Bible School (VBS) — a fun-filled summer week of music, Bible stories, crafts, games, snacks, and friendship. Adult and teen crew leaders join in on the fun and enjoy this time with the kids learning, creating, and serving. Preschool children through 5th Grade are invited to participate each summer! Please also check out our other Children's Ministries !
We are Not Alone, We are a Family


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Squared Online – Neil Perkins Presentation The video presentation from Neil Perkins was great! Neil started with an interactive short history of how long some of the tech we use every day and take for granted. I had pen and pad at the ready on noted some of the historic moments in our tech history. 1971 – 1st email was sent using ARPANET, the predecessor of what we know today as the Internet. 1978 – 1st email spam...Read More
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Celebrate Children's Day with a special binge of your 'Childhood Favourites' on &PrivéHD
Don't we all miss our childhood days? Often, we are left reminiscing about the times we enjoyed ourselves with no worries burdening us. Those stress-free days of summer, the joy of bunking school with friends and laughing at silly jokes – if only we could travel back in time! To satiate viewer's yearning for the good old days, &PrivéHD, the premium destination of nuanced cinema, brings a day-long binge of 'Childhood Favorites' this Thursday, November 14, 2019 from 11 AM to 7 PM.
The fun-filled line-up features movies which takes us on a nostalgic ride. Our initial childhood memory takes us to Alice in Wonderland which taught that it is okay to make new friends and have vivid imagination. Oz The Great And Powerful - a fantasy-adventure where Oscar Diggs (James Franco) meets Theodora (Mila Kunis) a witch, as he is on a voyage to make us believe in the power of goodness. The well known The Jungle Book only gave us memories of fighting for good with determination pays off and learning that love has no bounds from Tarzan completes the well-tailored block for its viewers
With each movie, here's your chance to walk down memory lane and relive the madness of your childhood with 'Childhood Favorites.'
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Yoga: Back to Basics at the USC
In a demanding society there is often very little space or attention for oneself. This makes us easy targets for stress and exhaustion so that we are distracted from what we truly want, feel or are. That's why, at the USC, you can participate in a variety of activities to achieve a better balance and coordination between mind and body.
Sport schedule 2019-2020
|Unit 2 and 5
|MF Hall
|Lisa and Aurora
Have you secretly been curious about what yoga can do for your body? We've got your back! In the course Yoga: Back to Basics we're going to talk about just that. The course is taught by two of our experienced yogateachers and is fully focused on the physical postures that we use during our yoga practices. The course aims to answer the questions: What can asana do for your body, how to modify them for your personal needs and what kind of variations do the selected postures have? By using an extra pair of eyes and keeping the group size relatively small there's more time, space and knowledge to go deeper into the selected asana (physically and in terms of knowledge) than in a regular yogaclass. Feel free to come and satisfy your curiosity during this course and explore the world of asana together!
- Week 1: Introduction & lotus variations
- Week 2: Mountain pose & standing forward fold
- Week 3: High plank & low plank
- Week 4: Cobra & upward facing dog
- Week 5: Downward facing dog
- Week 6: Sun salutation A & breathing
- Week 7: Classical sun salutation


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Life Assistant offers different membership categories to our individual patrons, corporate, builders & societies depending upon their needs. We also offer personal specific and curated services to individual members who need assistance at a personal level on membership basis. We understand - only the satisfaction of our members is the secret to our success. We take pride in building long-term client relationships, whose patronage we enjoy every day. We offer multiple membership levels with special benefits at the preferred and premium levels. Each level has different membership fees, subscription periods, renewal policies and benefits. Join us today!
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