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Ensuring Language Access for Minority Voters Relies on a Fair and Accurate Census
By Terry Ao Minnis / 2018 April 17th
We are a mere two years out from "Census Day" 2020 — April 1, 2020 — and we need all hands on deck to ensure a fair and accurate census. The census is paramount for a multitude of reasons — the data are used to make critical decisions in distributing over $600 billion annually in federal spending, developing legislation, making business decisions, and for federal, state, and local planning. On a more foundational level, the census is a pillar of our democracy. Read More
Strengthening Democracy by Supporting a Just and Inclusive Society
By Nadia Firozvi / 2018 April 16th
At Democracy Fund, we believe in the dignity of every individual and in the equal protection of their rights under the law. All people have intrinsic value and dignity, and bigotry in any form undermines our democracy. When these values are threatened, we will stand up to protect and preserve fundamental individual rights as enshrouded in the United States Constitution. Read More
Democracy Fund and Omidyar Network Support Independent Analysis of Facebook's Role in Elections
By Tom Glaisyer / 2018 April 9th
Today's Facebook announcement is an important first step in addressing how it is shaping and influencing our democracy. Independent research is crucial to finding solutions to the spread of viral deceptions, increased polarization, targeting of vulnerable populations, and threats to election integrity. Read More
Defending Democracy and the Rule of Law through Accountability and Oversight
By Lara Flint / 2018 April 2nd
To ensure that checks and balances, separation of powers, rule of law, and accountability aren't just Washington buzzwords, we're supporting leaders and organizations from across the political spectrum who are working to strengthen the foundational principles and institutions of our democracy. Read More
Our special projects to defend democracy
By Lauren Strayer / 2018 March 27th
Four new special projects aim to strengthen the checks and balances that help Americans hold our government accountable, support people and institutions under attack, and help our leaders better understand trends in public opinion that have produced today's politics. Read More
New York Times Op-Ed: Is Trump Giving Authoritarianism a Bad Name?
By Joe Goldman / 2018 March 20th
In the past two years, a wave of distressing commentary has stressed the fragility of American democracy and the potential, inspired by President Trump, for emerging authoritarianism. But a year into the Trump administration, Americans are rejecting authoritarian alternatives to democracy. Read More
How do you know that learning has happened?
By Srik Gopal / 2018 March 7th
Learning is having its moment in philanthropy. So how does one know that learning has, in fact, happened? Read More
Democracy Fund Welcomes New Teammates
By Margaret Yao / 2018 February 26th
Diverse perspectives inform us, passion for impact fuels us, and the power of action together ignites us. As Chief People Officer of the Democracy Fund, I am inspired by the individuals with whom I work side by side - and even more excited by the alchemy generated by each of our teams. Read More
The Ones Who Care
By Laura Maristany / 2018 February 23rd
As we welcome a new year — and inch closer to midterm elections — the makeup of our current Congress continues to gain attention. With growing frustration around their perceived dysfunction, the need for leadership development, and particularly, candidate development programs across the nation have become a topic of national concern. Read More
$3.25 Million to Support Knight First Amendment Institute
By Tom Glaisyer / 2018 February 22nd
Today, Democracy Fund with our colleagues at First Look Media announced a general operating support grant of $3.25 million to support the Institute because their research, litigation, and public education efforts are an important building block in our support for First Amendment freedoms — especially our commitment to ensuring freedom of the press. Read More


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Cell phone app helps American Falls school district with emergency response
Some changes are coming for the American Falls school district. School emergencies could be helped thanks to a new app. The app, called…Continue Reading
Some changes are coming for the American Falls school district. School emergencies could be helped thanks to a new app. The app, called…Continue Reading
A plan is in the works to build a new development west of Rexburg in Hibbard. But it's been getting mixed reaction from some people. Madison…Continue Reading
The state has a new capital, just for today. Governor C.L. "Butch" Otter and Lt. Governor Brad Little were in Firth today. They brought…Continue Reading
Four male snowmobilers from Shelley had an unexpected snowmobile experience in the Centennials Mountain Range's backcountry northwest of Island…Continue Reading
Idaho's House has advanced a bill allowing residents to use oil extracted from cannabis plants in staunchly anti-marijuana Idaho as long as the…Continue Reading
Our next storm is lined up to move in for Thursday and Friday. By Thursday afternoon, expect to see gusty winds and scattered rain/snow showers. The…Continue Reading
Blackfoot Police took a 14-year-old male juvenile into custody Wednesday after investigating a threat to Blackfoot High School. Police said the…Continue Reading
An Idaho House panel has advanced a measure that would create a new scholarship program for private schools. However, opponents of the bill argue HB…Continue Reading
Blackfoot Police are offering training to the community to help people be prepared for an active shooter event. The "Civilians Response to…Continue Reading
Low-income women in Idaho would have access to important health and family planning services under a proposal advancing inside the Statehouse.…Continue Reading
Pocatello fire crews responded to reports of a fire that broke-out at Amy's Kitchen early Wednesday morning. Fire officials confirmed it…Continue Reading
For the first time in the award's history, a student was nominated by two different teachers for the Pocatello/Chubbuck School District…Continue Reading
A legislative panel has approved a bill that would allow Utah motorists to proceed through an intersection after coming to a full stop at a stubborn…Continue Reading
Senate Republicans have killed an Idaho Democrat's bill that would have allowed women to receive up to a 12-month supply of prescribed birth…Continue Reading
A non-profit using horses to help those with special needs is trying to find a home of their own. The Innovative Therapeutic Riding Program left its…Continue Reading
On Saturday, 10 dancers will take the stage with several names throughout the southeastern Idaho community during the third annual 'Dancing…Continue Reading
Fairly quiet weather for today, as we wait for our next storm on Thursday and Friday. By Thursday afternoon, expect to see gusty winds and scattered…Continue Reading
Recently, Eyewitness News anchor Todd Kunz saw some teenage girls carrying lifelike dolls. The dolls would even cry and need to be fed. Kunz did some…Continue Reading
Administrators in the Bonneville School District met with the community tonight to discuss the new bond issue. The $35 million bond will include a…Continue Reading
UPDATE: 9:15 p.m. The fire started around 2:30 a.m. Tuesday by a woman smoking a cigarette while on oxygen inside her home. Police got to the home…Continue Reading
Plans for a revamp of south downtown Idaho Falls were discussed with the public today. The city is in partnership with Idaho Smart Growth and The…Continue Reading
UPDATE: 6:45 p.m. The Idaho Falls Fire Department says that the fire broke out inside the kitchen of a main floor apartment within a five-apartment…Continue Reading
If you are planning to purchase a license, tag or permit between 11 p.m. on Feb. 28 and noon on March 1, you'll need to change your plans.…Continue Reading
A judge has found a Wyoming outfitter not guilty of animal cruelty in his treatment of a horse. Local News 8 learned Teton County Circuit Court Judge…Continue Reading
Idaho utility regulators are considering an Idaho Power Company (IPC) proposal to reclassify customers who generate their own electricity. If…Continue Reading
Pocatello firefighters were in close quarters Tuesday as part of a training exercise.The Fire Department's Urban Search and Rescue team…Continue Reading
Fairly quiet weather for Wednesday, as we wait for our next storm on Thursday and Friday. By Thursday afternoon, expect to see gusty winds and…Continue Reading
CLICK HERE…Continue Reading
A proposal to collect a fee at Yellowstone National Park to fund wildlife conservation efforts in the states surrounding the park has passed the…Continue Reading
A handful of Idaho lawmakers say they have too many objections to a proposal designed to retain teachers in rural areas by paying off some of their…Continue Reading

subset: commoncrawl


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We are closing
I'd like to announce that we are taking a break with The Summer House. To me, The Summer House has been more of a lifestyle brand so we'd like to shift our business model in a different direction, and we'd like the opportunity to explore! Because of this, we are removing all clothing from our business model, because let's face it, there are enough clothing stores in the world. So, help get our small inventory in good hands! I'd love it if you shared our sale with all of your family and friends.
What we offer
We offer unique brands from all over the world!
All of the brands sourced must meet our basic requirements – sustainability, quality, fair working conditions and style. We also look for brands with low quantity minimums, this way we keep our designs exclusive and reduce our waste impact at the same time.
And since we always strive for more, we work with brands that are offering amazing benefits – ranging from helping out their workers with living arrangements, to using deadstock fabric for their pieces.


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- Welcome! We offer a new fiction from the world of mad science every Monday and fun non-fiction the rest of the week.
Tag Archives: Quantum Physics
More Quantum Physics
If you enjoyed Monday's story on quantum physics, here are a few more from our back issues that you might also like! "Product Review: Chronochill" by Franko Stephens (the problems of a multi-dimensional refrigerator) (available in MSJ Winter 2019) "The … Continue reading
Posted in MSJ Time Machine Tagged MSJ Time Machine, Quantum Physics Leave a comment
Fiction: Purely Mental
Excerpts from the Journal of Dr. Waller, as provided by Franko Stephens Art by Errow Collins July 27th, 2022 First journal entry on my first day of freedom! It's weird, writing on paper. I haven't used a pen since the … Continue reading
Posted in Fiction Tagged Errow Collins, Franko Stephens, Ignacious Waller, Quantum Physics, Supervillain Comments Off on Fiction: Purely Mental
Strange Science: A New State of Matter?
Physicists working in the field of quantum computing believe they have discovered a new state of matter that has great significance for quantum computing. This new state of matter is called "topological superconductivity," which is not as easy to remember … Continue reading
Posted in Strange Science Tagged Computer Science, Physics, Quantum Physics, Strange Science Leave a comment
Strange Science: Super-Chilled Helium and Universe Formation
Researchers at Aalto University's Low Temperature Laboratory have documented "walls bound by strings" in superfluid helium-3. Because helium remains a liquid even at absolute zero, and because it becomes a superfluid at other low temperatures, it has the potential to … Continue reading
Posted in Strange Science Tagged Cosmology, Quantum Physics, Strange Science Leave a comment
Product Review: Chronochill
As provided by Joachim Heijndermans Art by Dawn Vogel Product Name: Chronochill Max Duozone® – Black Version Price: $389,95 & free shipping Customer Rating: *** with 85 customer reviews In Stock. Product Description: Item Weight: 39lbs/ 17kg. Shipping Weight: 49lbs/ 22kg. … Continue reading
Posted in Fiction Tagged Dawn Vogel, Joachim Heijndermans, Product Review, Quantum Physics, Temporal Physics 2 Comments
Strange Science: Schroedinger's Bacterium?
In a discovery that seems like it might have come from the pages of fiction, scientists have discovered possible evidence of quantum-entangled bacteria. Or have they? The experiment involved bacteria placed between mirrors and bombarded with photons. But some of … Continue reading
Posted in Strange Science Tagged Bacteriology, Physics, Quantum Physics, Strange Science Leave a comment
The Salvaged Soul
An essay by an unnamed father, as provided by Tom Lund Art by Errow Collins The engineer never told me his name, but only that he worked at a certain lab not far from the empty little pub in which … Continue reading
Posted in Fiction Tagged Computer Science, Errow Collins, Quantum Physics, Tom Lund, Unnamed Father Leave a comment
The Window Cleaner
An essay by Venijamin Trayan, as provided by Kaitlin Moore Art by Errow Collins When one wasn't looking directly at it, the Window was completely invisible. The fine seam between worlds vanished to an edge sharp enough to draw blood. … Continue reading
Posted in Fiction Tagged Alternate Realities, Errow Collins, Kaitlin Moore, Quantum Physics, Venijamin Trayan Leave a comment
5 Ways to Prevent Dimensional Pests
An essay by Cindy Tan Mei Quan, as provided by E. R. Zhang Art by Ariel Alian Wilson Dimensional Pests, the entities we all love to hate. Who hasn't had an incident with these little big critters popping up through … Continue reading
Posted in Fiction Tagged Ariel Alian Wilson, Cindy Tan Mei Quan, E. R. Zhang, Quantum Physics, Xenobiology Leave a comment
An essay by an anonymous witness, as provided by Liam Hogan Art by Scarlett O'Hairdye I lost the man I loved. I threw myself into my work, knowing I would get over him. I was wrong. ~ My life was … Continue reading
Posted in Fiction Tagged Anonymous Witness, Liam Hogan, Quantum Physics, Scarlett O'Hairdye Leave a comment


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Get Involved
We would love you to join The Foundation's growing team of supporters. You can get involved in lots of different ways from making a donation or taking on a sponsored fundraising event to raising awareness of brain tumours in children through the life-saving HeadSmart campaign.
The Foundation offers a fantastic opportunity to choose your challenge, to get involved as a team whether through your work, local sports club, school or university. You can also hold your own fundraising event, download our Fundraising Guide for inspiration.
We can't do this alone; we rely 100% on donations and fundraising from the public, companies and organisations to help improve the lives of those families who need it most. We need your help to raise over £350,000 this year to continue to fund Family Days, the HeadSmart campaign and earlier diagnosis for adult brain tumours.
Whatever you are doing we would love to see some pictures so please email us a photo of your training, event preparation and on the big day itself! We love to share these on our Facebook and Twitter pages.
We would love to hear about what you are planning and to provide you with any ideas, information and materials you might need so get in touch today - email us or call us on 01252 749990. Together we can change the future for children and families devastated by a brain tumour.


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Anne Maguire, singer with Trumbull/New Haven ties, among competition winners
Anne Maguire, an opera singer who teaches Musical Theatre at the Regional Center for the Arts in Trumbull, has been named one of the five winners of the George London Competition.
Maguire was one of more than 150 singers to apply for the competition and survived multiple preliminary rounds to reach the finals at the Morgan Library and Museum in New York City on Feb. 21, when she performed "Wo in Bergen du dich birgst" from Richard Wagner's "Die Walkure," according to a news release.
The mezzo-soprano, who lives in New Haven, has a Bachelor of Music/Opera from Boston Conservatory, a Masters of Music from Yale University and participated in the Young Artist Program at the Glimmerglass Festival.
"I'm really pleased that we can offer our RCA students a chance to work with a musician of this caliber on a daily basis," Mark Ribbens, principal at RCA, said in the release. "And know that at some point we will be able to say that we knew her when she was just starting out."
The competition has been held by the George London Foundation for Singers since 1971 to support young performers in the early stages of their careers. "This prestigious competition ... can rightfully claim to act as a springboard for major careers in opera," the New York Times recently noted.
"Even people who don't follow opera closely may recognize the names of past winners of the George London Competition like Renee Fleming, James Morris, Kathleen Battle or Dawn Upshaw," Ribbens said. "I'm so happy for Anne. She has a bright future ahead of her."
RCA is a part-time arts magnet high school at 23 Oakview Drive in Trumbull, operated by Cooperative Educational Services. Students attend their regular schools in the mornings and are transported to RCA in the afternoons for classes with professional performing artists like Maguire in a variety of disciplines.


text: Slow Cooker Thanksgiving RecipesWe have gone ahead and rounded up some of our best slow cooker recipes for thanksgiving.The video highlights our four most favorite recipes, such as the turkey breast, stuffing, cheesy potatoes, and of course, an apple crisp. I highly recommend giving them all a try.Below is our entire list of recipes, and we have sorted it into main meals, side dishes, and desserts. They're not in any particular order, so be sure to try the first you think looks great.Adblock blocking the video? Support us by subscribing to our ad-free service.27161Main Course Tender Slow Cooker Whole Chicken Slow Cooker Pot Roast Easy Slow Cooker Mississippi Roast Easy Slow Cooker Corned Beef Slow Cooker Turkey Breast Slow Cooker Pork Loin RoastSide Dishes Creamy Slow Cooker Mashed Potatoes Delicious Slow Cooker Stuffing Slow Cooker Mashed Sweet Potato Simple Slow Cooker Creamed Corn Cheesy Slow Cooker Scalloped Potatoes Cheesy Slow Cooker Mac and Cheese Slow Cooker Cheesy Potatoes with Bacon Herby Slow Cooker Baby Potatoes Simply Sweet Slow Cooker Apple SauceDesserts Slow Cooker Apple Cobbler Delicious Slow Cooker Bread Pudding Slow Cooker Baked Apples Delicious Slow Cooker Apple Crisp Slow Cooker Hot Chocolate Slow Cooker Poached Pears in White WineWhat is Thanksgiving?If you live in Canada, the United States, and some other countries in the world, then you will know what Thanksgiving day is.Some countries have holidays that are similar to Thanksgiving. For example, in Germany, they have the Ernedankfest, or in Japan, they have Labor Thanksgiving Day.Thanksgiving Day in Canada is celebrated on the second Monday in October. In the United States, it is celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November.For the rest of us, it might still be celebrated by some people in your country but not nearly as popular as in the ones mentioned above.Traditionally Thanksgiving is a day of giving thanks and sacrifice for the blessing of the harvest of the previous year. The history around this day varies from country to country. Today, it is mainly a secular holiday that is celebrated by many.Of course, there is a lot more to know about this day, but I do hope my brief summary helps.I also hope that these delicious slow cooker recipes help with your Thanksgiving Day feast. If you have a recipe that you would like added, be sure to let us know.


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Puslebord Til Badekar Elegant by astrup Dukketilbehør Puslebord Med Badekar by astrup for Samlingen
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In this chapter we analyse franchise agreements from the consumer protection perspective. Consumer protection issues are treated by jurisdictions at a national or regional level. Therefore, this chapter has limited scope; however, we highlight some jurisdictions that, given their peculiarities or the markets involved, are interesting for the purpose of this chapter.
We will begin by dissecting the franchise agreement to identify the different relationships existing within it and identify whether there is a consumer involved. The latter is of utmost importance, since, as an almost universal principle, to apply the consumer protection regime there must be a consumer involved.
In a nutshell, there is a franchise when a party – the franchisor – grants another – the franchisee – the right to use a proven system, with the purpose of marketing certain goods or services under the commercial name, emblem or brand of the franchisor. The franchisor provides technical instructions as well as technical and commercial assistance, and in return the franchisee pays a direct or indirect price.2
The following relationships can be found in any franchise agreement:
- A principal relationship between the franchisor and the franchisee that is to regulate how the franchise will work. In this first relationship the question that we pose, and will try to answer in this chapter, is whether the franchisee would be considered a consumer or not. That is, can the franchise agreement be considered to involve a supplier and a consumer? Or, instead, is it considered to be a joint contract between parties with equal power, or even a standard form agreement? The answer to these questions is essential, as the existence of a consumer determines whether the consumer protection regime applies. Besides, if the franchise agreement were to be drafted as a standard form contract then an intermediate protection arises, which can be quite similar to the one for consumers. All of this has a very important commercial impact.
- A subsequent relationship, which is the direct consequence of the relationship described in the point above, is the relationship existing between the franchisee and its client. There is almost no doubt that the client, except for in some cases, will be a consumer sheltered by the consumer protection regime. However, other queries arise from this second relationship and are related to who is liable towards this client.
But this is not all. Franchise agreements are very complex, and we can find cases in which a particular franchisor wants to extend its entrepreneurship beyond a certain border and to do so, the following third relationship may be needed:
- The franchisor grants to a franchisee a territory or scope of action that is national, regional or provincial, as well as the right to appoint sub-franchisees. In this relationship we have the same questions as above: can any of the parties be considered consumers? Who is responsible if a consumer is hurt?
The concept of consumer
Even though the goals of consumer protection regimes across different jurisdictions may be similar, the scope of the application of different regimes varies. The reason is quite simple: the subjective scope of the regime is usually linked to the notion of consumer, which differs between the different jurisdictions.
Indeed, to consider a certain person as a consumer, a survey of statutory regime shows that there are different ways to face this important issue.
In most countries3 it is clear that the consumer protection regime is designed to protect persons who are the end users of products or services, purchasing them for personal consumption.
Another criterion followed by certain countries4 is identifying a consumer with a natural (ie, physical) person. Hence, if the purchaser is organised as a corporation it cannot be entitled to any of the benefits arising from the consumer protection regime. This criterion usually adheres as well to the end user criterion.
Some countries5 have a third way of resolving this matter. This third way establishes, as a trigger point to applying this protective regime, the characterisation of the purchaser or of the purchase made as very small or micro.
We will now describe the criteria applied in some relevant jurisdictions, which may help us to discover if there are global tendencies and predict how the consumer protection matter is evolving around the world.
Where the European Union is concerned, the notion of consumer is limited to physical persons, and corporations are not included in this protective regime. However, as the community legislation works as the minimum standard of protection, member states can provide more extensive protection, and there are countries that embrace a broader definition of consumer. To be included in the concept of consumer the physical person has to make a transaction that it is not linked to his or her professional activity.6 Therefore, it would be almost impossible for a franchisee to seek protection under the consumer protection regime.
Spain establishes that a consumer must be a physical person acting with a purpose that differs from his or her business, trade or profession. However, it is established that '[t]hey are also consumers for the purposes of this regulation, legal entities and entities without legal personality acting in a non-profit way in a field that differs from its commercial or business activity'.7 Even with a broader notion of consumer than the Community Directives, we think that a franchisee would still have a hard time seeking a claim in Spain based on consumer protection rules.
Germany limits the notion of consumer to physical persons and a natural person will be considered a consumer as long as 'the transaction executed is not linked to his or her business or professional activity'.8 Philip Zeidman sustains that 'in small transactions where the franchisee is deemed a "founder", those laws (consumer protection laws) might apply in Germany'.9 In the words of Jiri Jaeger and Frederik Born:
Actually, it is not about whether a person is a consumer according to the statutory definition but, in fact, about whether a person has entered into a consumer business or a non-consumer business. A franchisee is not regarded as a consumer. When the franchisee signs the franchise agreement, this action is already viewed as business conduct and, thus, conducted by an entrepreneur. However, it is a matter of ongoing discussion as to whether the franchisee is entitled to similar protection (a cooling-off period) when it comes to the conclusion of a franchise agreement as a business start-up. Furthermore, consumer protection rights could be invoked if the franchisee is required to make consistent purchases from the franchisor and if the franchisor sells the same products in his or her own franchise outlet.10
France has its particularities as the local legislation does not define consumer.11 Philip Zeidman indicates that a franchisee can be considered a consumer under France's consumer regime only 'if the franchisee is viewed as a "non-professional"'.12
Italy also limits the application of the protective regime to cases in which a physical person purchases for purposes unrelated to his or her commercial, professional, industrial or artisanal activity.13 Once again, it is unlikely that a franchisee would be considered a consumer.
In the United Kingdom a consumer is defined as an individual acting for purposes that are wholly or mainly outside his or her trade, business, craft or profession.14 Most scholars disagree that a franchisee falls within the definition of consumer, however, as far as we know, courts have not yet granted franchisees consumers' rights.
Under Mercosur rules,15 a consumer is any individual or legal entity that acquires or uses products or services for personal use. It is specifically indicated that:
[i]t is not considered a consumer who, without being a final addressee, acquires, stores, uses or consumes products or services with the purpose of integrating them as a direct input to other products or services in the process of production, transformation, commercialization or provision to third parties.
However, these rules establish that each member state can provide a higher standard of protection and, therefore, the end use principle does not apply to all Mercosur members.16 Since it would be difficult for a franchisee to be considered as the end user, it is quite unlikely that a franchisee would be considered as a consumer.
Argentina's regulation on this matter 17 has undergone various amendments, with the definition of consumer becoming more comprehensive every time. In its last version consumers are not only natural persons but also the legal entities. Even though end use is a requirement, the requirement of integrating the acquired business or product into a commercialisation chain was eliminated. Therefore, some scholars, although still a minority, consider that there are cases where the franchisee can be deemed to fall within the scope of the consumer protection regime, indicating that the franchisee is the end user of the franchise agreement.
Brazil has a wide definition of consumer and it includes not only the physical but also the legal entities that acquire goods and services as end users.18 The case is similar to that described for Argentina.
Chile expressly states the end use to be the distinctive feature that must have a consumer. It is established that anyone who can be considered to be a supplier cannot be protected as a consumer.19 Hence, we interpret that a franchisee will not be considered as a consumer under the Chilean consumer protection regime.
Uruguay considers that both natural persons and legal entities can be considered consumers. However, it is specifically stated that '[i]t is not considered a consumer or user who, without constituting final recipient, acquires, stores, uses or consumes products or services in order to integrate them into production processes, transformation or marketing'.20 Hence, we think it would be difficult for a franchisee to be considered a consumer.
Paraguay has a broader definition of consumer, which includes physical and legal entities. However, a consumer has to be the end user of the good or service acquired.21 The same criteria as described for Argentina apply.
Bolivia is also enrolled in a broader definition of consumer (including physical and legal entities) and sustaining the criterion that end use is required.22
The situation in Peru is quite particular since, even though end use is required to be considered a consumer, it is also established that:
1.2 The microentrepreneurs that show a situation of informative asymmetry with the supplier regarding those products or services that are not part of its own business.
1.3 In case of doubt about the final destination of a certain product or service, it is qualified as a consumer to whom acquire it, use it or enjoy it.23
Given the extension of the notion of consumer to other cases in which there is a asymmetry between parties, the franchisee is likely to be considered as a consumer.
Ecuador also defines a consumer as the end user of a particular product or service, no matter if it is a physical person or a legal entity.24 The same criteria as set out for Argentina apply.
There is particular situation and description for Colombian law, as it is established that a person (physical or legal) can fall within the scope of end user even if its use of the product or service satisfies a business need, providing that this is not directly related to its main economic activity.25 Therefore, if a franchisee enters into a franchise agreement but the franchise is not its main economic activity, it can be considered to be a consumer and entitled to all the protection provided within the regime.
Mexican regulation is distinctive since although it establishes the end use criterion as a requirement in order to be considered a consumer, it makes an exception. To qualify for the exception, the franchisee must fulfil the following two requirements: (i) it has to be a small business duly registered as such under the corresponding administrative authorities; and (ii) the transaction of which the small business seeks protection cannot exceed a certain amount.26 If the franchisee fulfils these two requirements then the consumer protection regime applies.
South Africa is an interesting case as it simply opts for forcing the franchisee into the common consumer definition. In this sense, its regulation provides a definition of consumer and then adds that a consumer is also 'a franchisee in terms of a franchise agreement'.27 Hence, there is no doubt that the franchisee is a consumer. In fact, before the Consumer Protection Act 6828 entered into force, there was no specific piece of legislation that regulated franchises.
The United States must also have a special analysis, as the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the nation's consumer protection agency, has prepared a 'Consumer's Guide to Buying a Franchise' addressed to the franchisee (considered a consumer) to help him or her decide if entering into a franchise is the right decision. It states that it:
suggests ways to shop for a franchise opportunity and highlights key questions you need to ask before you invest. The Guide also explains how to use the disclosure document that franchisors must give you – under the FTC's Franchise Rule – so you can investigate and evaluate a franchise opportunity.29
Australia has its Australian Consumer Law (ACL) that indicates that:
For the purposes of the ACL, a person is a 'consumer' if they acquire goods or services that are priced at less than AUD40,000. A person is also a 'consumer' if they acquire good or services that are priced at more than AUD40,000 but they are 'of a kind ordinarily acquired for personal, domestic or household use or consumption' and it provides the following example: a person who acquires a vehicle for use in the transport of goods on public roads, irrespective of price, is also considered to be a consumer for the purposes of the ACL.30
Therefore, franchisees may be considered as consumers when they acquire goods or services from the franchisor up to that threshold, or in the case of acquisitions, where the person acquired the goods for the purpose of using them.
From the above-mentioned jurisdictions we can conclude that there are jurisdictions that: (i) have a narrow definition of consumer and hence a franchisee would never be considered as a consumer; (ii) may apply their consumer protection regime to franchisees if certain requirements are met (eg, size of the franchisee, amount of the purchase, use given to the purchase); and (iii) simply deem a franchisee to be a consumer.
Consequences of applying the consumer protection regime to the franchise agreement
It is important to determine whether the franchise agreement falls within the scope of application of the consumer protection regime and to what extent. This regime, as every protective regime, provides leverage for the consumer – leverage that the franchisor must be aware of.
The consumer protection regime is based mainly on the premise that the parties involved in a consumer relationship are unequal: an expert and strong supplier and an inexperienced and weak consumer. Following this premise, different jurisdictions follow special obligations that suppliers must comply with and special rights for consumers established to strengthen the consumer.
Duty of providing information
Even though in every contractual relationship parties are generally obliged to act in good faith and not conceal relevant information, the duty of proving information set under the consumer protection regime is an enriched version of said obligation and it is imposed on only one of the parties: the supplier. The product or service's essential characteristics, as well as the conditions of its commercialisation and any other circumstance relevant to the contract, must be informed to the consumer in a true, clear and detailed way. This obligation is considered to exist from the very beginning – that is, from the advertisement of the product or service – and continues to exist after the agreement is executed, up until the service or good ceases to exist.31
Where a franchise is concerned, the application of this obligation means that the franchisor must provide accurate information about the franchise to the franchisee and that the franchisee (as the supplier of the service or product to the end consumer) must duly inform its clients.
It is worth mentioning that the South Africa Consumer Protection Act provides, regarding franchise arrangements, that false or misleading representations concerning the performance, characteristics and benefits of the business are not allowed. Besides, the franchisor must provide a potential franchisee with a disclosure document at least 14 days before the franchisee signs the franchise agreement. This document must include information relating to the franchisor's turnover and net profit and projected sales, income and profits for the franchised business or franchises of a similar nature. This is nothing more than an actual application of the duty of providing information.
Under the Franchise Rule enforced by the FTC of the United States of America, the franchisee must receive the franchise disclosure document at least 14 days before he or she is asked to sign any contract or pay any money to the franchisor or an affiliate of the franchisor. This document provides information regarding:
- the franchisor's background;
- the business background;
- litigation history;
- bankruptcy;
- initial and ongoing costs;
- supplier, territory and customer restrictions;
- the franchisor's advertising and training;
- renewal, termination, transfer and dispute resolution;
- financial performance representations;
- franchisee and franchise system information; and
- financial statements.32
Similarly, in Australia, the Australian Government Productivity Commission stated that ensuring that consumers are sufficiently well-informed has the purpose of helping to 'meet the needs of those who, as consumers, are most vulnerable or at greatest disadvantage'.33 It also states that '[m]ore-informed consumers not only make better choices, but also drive competition and innovation in markets'.34
Another example of this enhanced duty of providing information is the obligation to inform consumers of their right to withdraw from a contract if certain requirements are met.35 In the event of lack of, or insufficient, information about cooling-off rights, the sanction in some jurisdictions is that the period granted to consumers to exercise this right never ends.36
It is important to mention that not complying with this duty commonly entails for the supplier not only the possibility of being sued by the consumer for damages but also the possibility of being sanctioned by the corresponding administrative authority. In fact, in almost all jurisdictions there is an administrative authority that is empowered to issue infringement notices, conduct investigations and, finally, impose fines37 and, perhaps with greater impact, impose the obligation to publish details of paid infringement notices in a publicly accessible register.
Judicial revision of the legality of contractual clauses
The pacta sunt servanda principle loosens when a consumer is involved, so clauses included in the contracts may be subject, at the consumer's request, to judicial scrutiny. Some jurisdictions even go further and provide the possibility of having judicial control over what standard form contract is relevant, even when there is no consumer involved. This is particularly important in franchise agreements, since almost all of them are standard form contracts.
This is the case in Argentina, in which, irrespective of being a consumer, if the relationship is based on a standard form contract then a specific regulation is triggered.38 Within this specific regulation, it is established that general predisposed clauses must be understandable and self-sufficient and that the wording should be clear, complete and easily readable, and texts or documents that are not provided to the counterpart before or at the same time as the execution of the contract are considered not agreed upon. The specific regulation establishes that abusive clauses will be null and void, and the notion of abusive clauses includes clauses that import a waiver or restriction to the rights of the adherent, or extend predisposing rights that result from statutory provisions. Hence, in almost all cases, the franchisee, whether considered a consumer or not, will be protected by the standard form contract regulations.
As in Argentina, in Germany, contractual clauses are subject to an in-depth review by the courts, and ambiguous clauses are interpreted in favour of the franchisee. Clauses that are deemed to be contrary to statutory provisions are deemed invalid. Provisions identified as void by the courts are not reduced to a level at which they are legally valid, they are simply invalid as a whole. Even though a franchisee is not a consumer in terms of German law, his or her protection is similar.
The United Kingdom is a jurisdiction that must be watched, since it is evolving and courts' decisions are embracing new paradigms. The principle of 'freedom of contract' is still the main principle, and in business-to-business relationships (such as the one concerning the franchisee and the franchisor) the principle of good faith is applied less. However, if the franchise agreement is entered into as a standard form contract, the franchisee can invoke the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977, which aims to reduce the possibility of limiting the liability, and if the franchisee is considered a consumer, he or she can claim further protection under the Consumer Rights Act. Courts are adjusting the freedom of contract principle to make it work together with other principles, such as the duty of good faith.
South African regulation must be understood carefully as it establishes several limitations that if not complied with by a franchise agreement, then the franchisee can claim for protection. In this sense, the particularity of the South African regulation is that it regulates the price and the performance description that must be fair, reasonable and just. On the contrary, this issue (price and performance description) cannot be subject to court scrutiny under German, UK39 or Argentinian law.40
Several and joint responsibility for the chain of commercialisation
It is common legal advice that franchisors should include provisions dealing with vicarious liability, indemnification and insurance issues in the franchise agreement. This, of course, is highly recommended, and we are not criticising the inclusion of said defence clauses. However, we want to point out that these clauses are not always infallible and do not create a safe harbour. In fact, when dealing with a consumer, clauses aiming to limit responsibility may not be valid at all, or at least may not be held against the consumer, and are for sure subject to court scrutiny.
One of the leverages for consumers is being able to sue all the people involved in the commercialisation of a certain product or service for damages. So, in the case of a client who buys a certain product from a franchisee and that product causes him or her damage, that consumer will be entitled to sue the franchisee, and also the franchisor and the franchisee that has the right to sub-franchise in a given territory, if applicable.
In Argentina it is established that:
If the harm to the consumer results from the vice or risk of the product or the provision of the service, the supplier, the manufacturer, the importer, the distributor, the seller and the one who has put his brand on the product or service will respond. . . . The responsibility is joint and several and parties may initiate the corresponding recovery actions. Only those who demonstrate that the cause of the damage has been alien to them will be totally or partially released.41
Cooling-off period
Once again, the pacta sunt servanda principle is applied in a flexible way when a transaction involves a consumer. In this sense, consumers are able to withdraw from a contract within a certain period after signing it. Its justification can be found in the alleged distortion of the decision-making process arising from the inferiority of one party (the consumer).
In this sense, in the European Union it is established that consumers have the right of withdrawal in distance and off-premises contracts.42 This right has been transposed into national law and we can mention, for instance, Germany, whose regulations state that:
If a consumer is given, by statute, a right of revocation under this provision, then he is no longer obliged by his declaration of intention to enter into the contract if he revoked it in good time. The revocation does not have to contain any grounds and must be declared to the entrepreneur within two weeks in text form or by return of the thing; to comply with the time limit, dispatch in good time is sufficient.43
In South Africa it is established that 'a franchisee may cancel a franchise agreement without cost or penalty within 10 business days after signing such agreement, by giving written notice to the franchisor'.44
Besides, the Australian Franchising Code of Conduct45 provides that a prospective franchisee is entitled to a cooling-off period of seven days after entering into a new franchise agreement.
Argentina also applies the cooling-off right, but only in distance and off-premises contracts, and similarly to what happens in Germany, this right is granted within 10 days as long as it is duly informed.46 The supplier must inform the consumer about the power of revocation by including it in prominent characters in any document presented to the consumer at the negotiation stage or in the document that implements the concluded contract, located as a provision immediately before the consumer's signature. The right of revocation is not extinguished if the consumer has not been duly informed about his or her right.47
These are just some of the consequences that considering the franchise agreement within the scope of application of the consumer protection regime imply. There are many more that could not be analysed in this chapter, for brevity's sake, such as proceedings advantages (eg, abbreviated proceedings for consumer's claims, dynamic distribution of evidentiary burden, the consumer can bring a claim free of judicial costs) and damages that can be claimed, such as punitive damages.
Final thoughts
From the jurisdictions we have analysed, we can see that this relatively new protective regime is in continuous growth, expanding not only its subjective scope but also its subject matter scope. Franchise agreements are far from being alien to the paradigm, principles and new rules established by this regime, and both franchisor and franchisee must be aware of it in order to be prepared.


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text: Home › Forums › Circularity › 5) FROM LIZ FOOTE: Koalas benefit from a "but" headline. This topic contains 0 replies, has 1 voice, and was last updated by LIZ FOOTE 4 months ago. Author Posts November 25, 2019 at 5:07 pm #1682 LIZ FOOTE Liz Foote is the brains of Story Circles. Based in Maui, involved in ocean conservation, she is the head trainer and runs all the organizational details for the trainings. She sent this article last week about a flap that arose on Twitter over the issue of koala conservation in Australia. Last spring the Australian Koala Foundation proclaimed the koala "functionally extinct" which helped light a fire (in a land currently filled with fire) that raised $1 million for them. The only problem is biologists pointed out that koalas are super-abundant throughout Australia and not even close to threatened. The New Scientist sort of revised the headline by basically saying, "Not functionally extinct, BUT in trouble." Is this sort of fund raising ethical? Author Posts


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Central Punjab's openers Salman Butt and Azhar Ali scored centuries as they were 338-5 against Balochistan on the opening day of the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy's third round fixture at Quetta's Bugti Stadium on Sunday.
Salman Butt has been the star performer for the Punjab side as he remained not out on 152 while skipper Azhar Ali chipped in with his 123-run knock.
The duo put on an opening stand of 237 runs after electing to bat first.
Azhar's dismissal prompted a mini collapse and the day ended with Zafar Gohar and Salman Butt on the crease.
On the other hand, Northern were batting 86-3 against Sindh at the end of the opening day's play in their game at the KRL Stadium on Saturday.
Only 40 overs were bowled as the morning and afternoon sessions could not take place due to rain.
Sindh captain Asad Shafiq elected to bowl first.
Northern had a decent start to their first innings as Haider Ali and Afaq Raheem put on a 44-run opening stand.
Meanwhile, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were batting at 126-0 with openers Sahibzada Farhan and Israrullah scoring half-centuries on a rain-hit opening day of their fixture against Southern Punjab at the Abbottabad Cricket Stadium.
The start of the match was delayed by 150 minutes and only 32.5 overs could be bowled.
Farhan remained unbeaten on 63 while Israrullah was not out on 52.
Tell us what you think:


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Our Instructors
Nate Siems / Instructor 1st degree
Nate Siems / Instructor 1st degree
Anika Siems / Instructor 1st degree
Lillian Aduddell (Lili)
Teacher / Kyo Sah Nim
1st degree Black belt
An accomplished competitive and traditional martial artist.
Lili has over 11 years of experience.
Lili started her training at the age of 3 after watching from the edge of class each day, trying to imitate her older, positive mentor classmates, she wanted to be part of the experience in the class from the age of 2, often stepping into class and copying the upper belt juniors.
Through her martial arts class skills of goal setting, focus, determination, and positive encouragement from her instructors and fellow students she has been able to accomplish amazing results. Lili has been the number one (National Gold Medalist) in the United States, for her age and experience division, multiple years.
She now prefers to "practice like a champion" but stay in the local environment (she has retired). This means, in her words "I love my martial arts family and just enjoy the close feeling of the kids in regular classes".
Stephanie Aduddell (Mrs. A)
MASTER/ HEAD INSTRUCTOR: SBN ( Sa Bom Nim)
4th Dan Black belt Tae Kwon Do, 2nd Dan Black belt Moo Duk Kwan
I started my training in Los Gatos, CA in 1995 with Master Aduddell and Master Lam.
My first rank of Black belt was achieved in 2003 with a lot of encouragement from family and friends.
I have been owner/operator of a martial arts school for over 18 years. I am certified in 8 weapons and hold multiple Black Belts in Korean and Japanese styles.
My favorite weapons are the Bo staff, and Sai.
I approach teaching children with a "Love based- but you're accountable for your actions" style.
With a dance background some of the martial arts came easily (balance) and some of it was difficult. Like all potential/future Black Belts that set goals, I did not give up.
Coaching many young people with no athletic background from White belt, to National Champions has been a major part of my Martial Arts career. Many of these youth have gone on to achieve high levels of athletic competition in other sports, with PAC 10/12 College full ride scholarships. These current and former students credit their many years of training as "I never could have done this without my amazing martial arts experience."
I feel a societal and cultural responsibility to help children stick with something and not give up, but to overcome all obstacles to help prepare them to be future leaders.
Ken Aduddell
Chief Master / Chung Sah Nim
Founder / Do Joo Nim
6th degree Dan Black belt Tae Kwon Do, 3rd Dan Black Belt Tang Soo Do/Moo Duk Kwan, 4th Dan Black Belt Karate/Okinawan Weapons, Red sash Wu-Shu/Kung Fu.
Started training age 6 Seattle at WA Karate Association, Ballard.
Certified weapons expert by Black Belt Hall of Fame and North American Sport Karate Association World Champions Anthony Chan and George Chung. Weapons: Steel Whip, Escrima, Broadsword, Double Broadsword, Bo, Sai, Tonfa, Kama, Nunchaku, 3 sectional staff, Spear, Katana, Oar, Horse Cutter.
Assistant Instructor -NFL Martial Arts program for professional football players San Francisco 49ers, (1990-1992). Director of Curriculum, and Senior Instructor, 13 schools of Americas Best Karate. Student of Anthony Chan, first non Chinese born person in the world to travel and train with the Beijing Wu Shu National Team. First person to use Wu Shu forms in USA North American Competition. Considered the founder of Wu Shu Competition in USA. Student and first Master Instructor at Studio Kicks Saratoga CA with Larry Lam- Leonardo in the movie Ninja Turtles, Team Paul Mitchell Martial Arts 20-time Gold Medalist.
Currently 6th Degree Black Belt. Wu Shu with Richard Branden- 6 time World Champion and Master Instructor, Black Belt Hall of Fame, and original stunt double for Power Rangers.
Instructor family tree includes Ernie Reyes, Bill Superfoot Wallace, He Ill Cho, Remy Presas, Hidy Ochiai, Tadashi Yamashita, Dan K. Choi.
Currently responsible for all Instructors, and all students ranked Red, Red/Black, and all Black Belts.
Coaching: WA State Tae Kwon Do coach for AAU 2003-2012
Coaching titles: All State and Regional Titles, all ages, all ranks in forms, sparring weapons for each year from 2003-2012 (over 100 titles).
Women's, Men's, Boys and Girls Black Belt and under belt Gold Medal National Champion Forms, Point Sparring, Olympic Sparring.
2005 Junior Olympics Triple Gold Medalist: Drew Mendoza, girls 8-9 Advanced rank. Forms, Point sparring, Olympic Sparring. 1st in WA state history.
Pete Siems / Instructor 1st degree
Pete Siems / Instructor 1st degree
Sterling Hudspeth/ Instructor 1st degree
Merida Prentice / Instructor Poom
Owen Knight / Instructor red
Our Cadet Program
Being a Cadet at Pacific Fusion is a natural progression for those with leadership skills, or for those who are eager to learn and develop those skills. Distinguished by wearing a bright Red Dobak, the Cadets are the link between students, and instructors.
The position is volunteer but a Cadet's performance on the team is constantly being evaluated for future employment opportunities. There is competition for positions. The most reliable and best helpers will receive the first best offers.
If you are interested in our cadet program you apply by contacting Master Stephanie Aduddell


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The Dronecode Board is comprised of members and technical community members. There is one representative per Founding Member plus elected representative(s) from Gold, Silver and Technical Community Members. Founding members appoint one at large technical community member to serve as a Director. Chris Anderson is serving as the currently elected Chairman.
The Board may establish committees (e.g. marketing committee, IP & Legal) or advisory boards to enable execution and community engagement.
Board members:
- Lorenz Meier (Auterion) — Chairman
- Larry Liu (Yuneec)
- Andreas Lamprecht (AirMap)
- Yan Li (Taisync)


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Hazardous Weather Outlook
Hazardous Weather Outlook National Weather Service Tulsa OK 443 AM CDT Mon Mar 30 2020 ARZ001-002-010-011-019-020-029-OKZ049-053>076-310945- Adair OK-Benton AR-Carroll AR-Cherokee OK-Choctaw OK-Craig OK- Crawford AR-Creek OK-Delaware OK-Franklin AR-Haskell OK-Latimer OK- Le Flore OK-Madison AR-Mayes OK-McIntosh OK-Muskogee OK-Nowata OK- Okfuskee OK-Okmulgee OK-Osage OK-Ottawa OK-Pawnee OK-Pittsburg OK- Pushmataha OK-Rogers OK-Sebastian AR-Sequoyah OK-Tulsa OK-Wagoner OK- Washington OK-Washington AR- 443 AM CDT Mon Mar 30 2020 This Outlook is for Northwest and West Central Arkansas as well as much of Eastern Oklahoma. .DAY ONE...Today and Tonight. FLASH FLOOD. RISK...Limited. AREA...Eastern Oklahoma and northwest Arkansas. ONSET...This evening. HEAVY RAIN. RISK...Limited. AREA...Eastern Oklahoma and northwest Arkansas. ONSET...This afternoon. THUNDERSTORMS WITH DANGEROUS LIGHTNING. RISK...Limited. AREA...Eastern Oklahoma and northwest Arkansas. ONSET...This afternoon. DISCUSSION... Showers along with a few embedded thunderstorms will increase in coverage this afternoon and especially this evening across the region. Severe weather is not expected, although some locally heavy rainfall will be possible. SPOTTER AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ACTION STATEMENT... Spotter Activation Not Expected. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Tuesday through Sunday. TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY...No Hazards. THURSDAY through SUNDAY...Thunderstorm Potential. EXTENDED DISCUSSION... Shower and thunderstorm chances will increase late this week as an upper level system and associated cold front approach the region. weather.gov/tulsa contains additional information.


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Turn Key investment property. Full-price will include all the furnishings, dishes, appliances, etc needed to begin renting the property. Basketball and pickle ball court, Sandbox and Firepit. To many upgrades to list. Currently in the rental pool and already has rents for next summer! New Construction home with amazing views in the Shundahai subdivision. Designed as a rental, but plenty of flexibility for private use. This is the ideal investment opportunity that can also be enjoyed year round. Buy it now and pick out your vacation days, its beautiful and has a personal touch. Paved roads in the subdivision,wildlife, ATV Trails. Don't wait or it will be gone.
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Alan Louis Charles Bullock
Alan Louis Charles Bullock, British historian (born Dec. 13, 1914, Trowbridge, Wiltshire, Eng.—died Feb. 2, 2004, Oxford, Eng.), was founding master of St. Catherine's College, Oxford, and the author of major historical studies and biographies, notably Hitler: A Study in Tyranny (1952), Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives (1991), and the three-volume The Life and Times of Ernest Bevin (1960, 1967, and 1983). His other principal historical works included The Humanist Tradition in the West (1985). Bullock was educated at Bradford Grammar School and Wadham College, Oxford, and took first-class degrees in both classical greats (1936) and modern history (1938). After working for the BBC during World War II, he took up a fellowship at New College, Oxford, where he taught modern history and served as dean. He became known to the general public by appearing on the BBC radio program The Brains Trust. In 1952 Bullock became head of the St. Catherine's Society (for students unable to afford residence at a college), and he was instrumental in its transformation into St. Catherine's College in 1962. He was master of St. Catherine's until 1980 and served as vice-chancellor of the university from 1969 to 1973. Outside Oxford, he served as chairman of the National Advisory Committee on the Training and Supply of Teachers (1963–65), the School's Council (1966–69), the Committee of Inquiry into Reading and the Use of English (1972–74), and the Committee of Inquiry on Industrial Democracy (1976–77). He was a founding member of the Social Democratic Party (later the Liberal Democratic Party). He was knighted in 1972 and was made a life peer, as Baron Bullock of Leafield, in 1976.
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
20th-century international relations: Hitler's war or Chamberlain's?Finally, Alan Bullock suggested a synthesis: Hitler knew where he wanted to go—his will was unbending—but as to how to get there he was flexible, an opportunist. Gerhard Weinberg's exhaustive study of the German documents then confirmed a neo-traditional interpretation to the effect that Hitler was…
Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron MacaulayThomas Babington Macaulay, Baron Macaulay, English Whig politician, essayist, poet, and historian best known for his History of England, 5 vol. (1849–61); this work, which covers the period 1688–1702, secured his place as one of the founders of what has been called the Whig interpretation of…
Quentin SkinnerQuentin Skinner, British historian of modern political thought, best known for his work on the methodology of historical research, republicanism, and the political theories of Niccolò Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes. Skinner's father was a colonial administrator and his mother a former schoolteacher.…


text: / Thesaurus Find synonyms for: Noun1. Whig, Englishman, liberal, liberalist, progressiveusage: a member of the political party that urged social reform in 18th and 19th century England; was the opposition party to the Tories2. Whig, supporter, protagonist, champion, admirer, booster, friendusage: a supporter of the American Revolution3. Whig, politician, politico, pol, political leaderusage: a member of the Whig Party that existed in the United States before the American Civil WarWordNet 3.0 Copyright © 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.See also: whig (Dictionary) Related Content Daily Word Quiz: aversion Analogy of the Day: Today's Analogy Spelling Bee: Today's Spelling Bee Frequently Misspelled Words Frequently Mispronounced Words Easily Confused Words Writing & Language Synonyms Index


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The First-time homebuyer mortgage Program is the foundational mortgage program that can be combined with the NJHMFA Down Payment Assistance Program, which provides qualified buyers with $10,000 as an interest-free, five-year forgivable second loan with no monthly payment that can be used to cover down payment and closing costs.
The good news is a first-time buyer can purchase a home with as little as 3% down — and even no. down in rural and suburban areas to those who meet income and other qualifications, and the rates.
An FHA Loan is a mortgage that's insured by the Federal Housing Administration. They allow borrowers to finance homes with down payments as low as 3.5% and are especially popular with first-time homebuyers. FHA loans are a good option for first-time homebuyers who may not have saved enough for a large down payment.
First Time Home Buyer 100 Percent Financing 100 Financing First time home buyer program – Five Stars. – 100 Financing First Time Home Buyer Program You can borrow up to 100% of the value of your home, with no required equity or a down payment. In fact, the only costs you need to cover with a 100 percent mortgage loan are the typical buyers closing costs, and even those can be financed in by utilizing seller concessions in most cases!
The First Time Home Buyers Program also features. equal opportunity Housing Lender, Member FDIC: All loans subject to qualification, required documentation and credit approval. Certain exclusions.
Barndominiums Houston Tx Barndominiums constructed by Hammons & Associates are made from only the best products. The metal used to construct our steel buildings in Houston is designed to increase durability and longevity – regardless of environmental conditions.
State-by-state home buyer programs. On the map below, click on your state to see home buyer assistance programs available in your area. Once clicked, below the map you will find brief descriptions of available programs and a table of links to reach the state agency website, find participating lenders, see qualification details, get homebuyer education courses and to contact the agency for.
This first-time homebuyer program is meant to promote affordable interest rates and help homeowners better tackle their down payments and closing costs. Qualified first-time homebuyers must have a credit score of at least 640, they must meet certain income limits and must be able to obtain a mortgage from a lender.
First time home buyers are not necessarily buyers who are purchasing the first home they've ever owned. You can also qualify as a first time home buyer if you have not owned a home in the past three years.There are many state and federal programs available to assist first time buyers with down payments and closing costs.
First-time home buyers using an FHA loan will have to meet a separate set of mortgage requirements. Those rules are established by the Department of Housing and Urban Development. According to current HUD guidelines, FHA home buyers need a credit score of at least 500 just to be eligible for the program.


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Universal Orlando officially opened the Today Cafe at Universal Orlando Thursday. The cafe features a decor made to look the Today Show set at 30 Rock in New York. It features a virbrant orange color scheme and monitors with the Today Show playing in the background.
Today Show weather anchor Al Roker also crafted one of the speciality sandwiches featured at the restaurant.
News Channel 8's Rod Carter sat down with Roker about the opening and it turned into quite the funny interview.
Click here for more about the Today Cafe