text:
Essay Exposed The Most Popular Essay Hiring professional writing services will help your company and relieve you of a good deal of work. Thus, you locate the advice that is essential any moment you require ask questions, or even might utilize our services. Our company should develop to an discovery foryou if you are searching for services that are inexpensive and credible. Getting the Best Essay A great deal of work is important, and not all students are set to utilize their skills that are absolute best to finish the job.
The work is a powerful technique to rehearse analysis and increase the understanding of human nature. So as soon as you review your work, it is useless in attempting to see perhaps not or whether it's fantastic writing. Academic writing arrives in several of forms, dependent on the class that the student is taking.
Well-presented article writing is a critical craft which can allow you to win at university and school exams, but it's surprising how difficult it's to find assistance with the best way to compose a winning essay. You prefer to become performed with the writing of the article weeks before it's expected in order to have a great deal of time to type this up. The History of Essay Refuted A part of the minute, the author will soon leave out advice that is vital that they on average take for granted. Our writers and editors are pros from other areas, and a couple of these have scientific degrees.
Finding a efficient and dependable writer may be difficult should you not see what it is that you want to know more about. Aside from your plans afterwards, being truly a writer and clear thinker will offer you a leg up your own competition. It can be challenging to understand where to begin with or even intimidating in the event that you feel that your narrative is unique. From the next lines, the story starts to unfold again. There are plenty of stories of those that have endured a variety of serious setbacks in elements of life. Your intention is to generate interest if you're searching for articles. It's important to get.
Very articles additionally need to be followed by comprehensive investigating to provide validity to the articles. You will understand an article marketing agency will probably end up easy when you realize writing a superb article within the minimum time is a undertaking to get a man or woman who's not technical. Whispered Essay Secrets You've got to lean on a professional, and expert essay writing service out of USA that may fulfill your expectations. It'd be tricky without pruning resources to compose a great essay.
Reading the article for the initial time was moving, and over 3 decades after I still get precisely the identical jolt of delight every time that I re read Mr. Read's informative tutorial on the invention of a easy lead pen and every one of those participants who willingly, and unknowingly, take part in the creation of the humble implement. When writing documents, including a counter argument is a superb means to strengthen your entire piece (apart, obviously, from employing a great writing applications ). The essay doesn't need to be more original in content. Responses were drawn by jia Tolentino's composition.
Composing is limited to 650 words and has to be typewritten. Writing an essay can be the most tedious job. The article will not factor into the ACT score of a 36. The most impressive essays are definitely the most authentic. There is A five-paragraph essay very similar to a series of beads without a distinction like a mill in the place of an individual might produce. https://www.superiorpapers.com/ Making a plan ought to be done each and every time.
As soon as you have a notion of the article structure Assessing the library, you will need to head into the library to get the suggested reading material or hunt for journal articles. Supervisors and managers withholding information's thought looks unimaginable in the corporations. Since you have asked the same questions repeatedly you develop rote answers. Occasionally students are in need of help on an expert level they truly are not certain where some can be secured by them. In the language and writing section of the test, they are asked to read passages and answer questions about whether the writing should be revised or how.
Most students seek distinguished essay typer's assistance to obtain an chance to live their dream. An agenda is taken by some universities . No, it's not going to be plagiarized and no body will tell the university which I composed it.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Maggiori informazioni sull'abbonamento a Scribd
Scopri tutto ciò che Scribd ha da offrire, inclusi libri e audiolibri dei maggiori editori.
William Guéraiche*
Introduction Manuel Quezon, the first president of the Philippine Commonwealth (1935‐1944), remains in the collective memory a nationalist hero whose name is often associated with independence. The concept of a ʺnationʺ, understood in the Western sense, includes independence and the existence of a nation‐state. Since the pioneering work of Benedict Anderson in 1983,1 academics have questioned the idea of the nation, which is an ʺimagined communityʺ, a mental representation. It is a human grouping, linked by a common vision, as well as outward signs such as language, religion and other cultural practices, that expresses the
* William Guéraiche is an historian. After defending his doctorate, he taught colonial history at the Sorbonne and Geopolitics at the University of Marne la Vallée. He spent three years in Manila where he worked on Manuel Quezonʹs archives and published Manuel Quezon. Les Philippines de la décolonisation à la démocratisation (Paris: Maisonneuve et Larose) in 2004. He also edited Les structures politiques traditionnelles à l'épreuve de la démocratie en Asie du Sud‐est, a special issue of Péninsule (Paris: Olizane) in 2004.
1 ANDERSON, Benedict. 1983. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.
desire to live together in a common territory. If Quezon emerged as a major nationalist leader in the same manner as Mahatma Gandhi or Sukarno, it was because he not only advocated independence for his country but also participated in the elaboration of the Philippine nation. The revolution of 1896 is taken as evidence of the existence of a Philippine nation before the arrival of the Americans. While it is clear that the awareness of some kind of identity had spread among the ilustrados during the century, it remains to be seen whether the rest of the population, notably the lowest classes, shared their vision. In the 1970S, historians such as John Schumacher examined the roots of nationalism among the Philippine elite2. The next generation gave more emphasis to history ʺfrom belowʺ: Reynaldo Ileto attempted to interpret the revolution as popular movement,3 but his conclusions are far from definitive. Glenn Anthony May, for instance, has questioned the essence of this nationalism and proposed that the ʺrevolt of the massesʺ consisted of little more than peasants fighting on behalf of their landlords within the framework of patron/client ties. According to May, it is questionable whether the masses indeed ʺhad a common commitment to independence and a shared sense of a Filipino nation….ʺ4 The celebration of the revolution (and the controversy between May and Ileto about Bonifacio)5 showed that Philippine nationalism is still a point at issue. Taking Mayʹs position as a starting point, it is clear that the Philippine nation was still under construction during American colonisation. This assertion is based on Andersonʹs studies as well as on European historiansʹ work.6 It is now agreed, for example that the French nation appeared at the end of the nineteenth century, even if an independent state existed for many centuries before then. Quezonʹs style of nationalism cannot be reduced to the call for immediate independence, and an analysis of his position on the independence process is not sufficient. What kind of nation did he want to build within the framework of the Philippine state ?
2 See his thesis: SCHUMACHER, John N. 1973. The Propaganda Movement, 1880‐1895: The Creators of a Filipino Consciousness, the Makers of Revolution. Manila: Solidaridad Pub. House. (revised edition 1997. The Propaganda Movement, 1880‐1895. Quezon City: ADMU Press) and his essays: 1991. The Making of a Nation. Essay on the Nineteenth‐ Century Filipino Nationalism. Quezon City: ADMU Press. 3 ILETO, Reynaldo C. 1979. Pasyon and Revolution. Popular Movements in the Philippines, 1840‐1910. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. 4 MAY, Glenn Anthony. 1987. A Past Recovered. Quezon City: New Day Publisher, p. 19 and p. 145 on patron/clients ties during the revolution. 5 See MAY, Glenn Anthony. 1996. Inventing a Hero. The Posthumous Re‐creation of A. Bonifacio. Madison: University of Wisconsin; ILETO, Reynaldo C. 1998. Filipinos and Their Revolution. Event, Discourse, and Historiography. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, pp. 203‐237; and CHURCHILL, Benardita Reyes (ed). 1997. Determining the Truth. The Story of Andres Bonifacio, Manila: Manila Studies Association, National Commission for Culture and the Arts, Philippine National Historical Society. 6 For a general introduction to the question, cf. the synthesis of CABANEL, Patrick. 1996. La question nationale au XI s. Paris: La Découverte.
Nationalist or opportunist ? Quezon was a politician with considerable ambition. It is not unlikely that he saw himself at the head of the state apparatus as soon as he entered politics. As a politician, he was adept at double language. In public he maintained that his only wish was American withdrawal, but behind the scenes he never acted to hasten the independence process when he did not personally benefit. His mandate as resident commissioner illustrates the discrepancy between discourse and reality. From the time that Quezon arrived in Washington in 1909, the 31‐year old appeared to be riding a hard anti‐imperialist line. Quezon was unyielding on what he called ʺthe sacred causeʺ. The denunciation of American colonial policy had its intellectual roots in the anti‐imperialist ideology. When he arrived in Washington, Quezon sought the support of the Anti‐Imperialist League, created at the time of annexation of the Spanish colonies in 1898.7 The young Commissioner had maintained a correspondence with Erving Winslow, its Secretary General. Winslow, a retired businessman, gave complete support to the Philippine cause, to the extent that his young protégé ran for the nacionalista party, in favour of immediate independence for the archipelago. In a letter dated 25 March 1911, Winslow offered Quezon his help in drafting his speeches.8 In the first years of their collaboration it would appear as though the positions of the two men were completely interchangeable. His speeches leave no doubt that Quezon was unyielding on the issue of independence. But from the beginning there were inconsistencies between Quezonʹs discourse and his political decisions. On 6 February 1910, the progresistas addressed a petition to president William Taft asking for a declaration according to which the United States would agree to grant Philippine independence. Quezon believed that autonomy, through the institution of a Philippine senate, would have been a compromise acceptable to the Republican administration, and he wrote to the President in this spirit on 29 March 1910.9 But Benito Legarda, the second Resident Commissioner, refused to support his colleague in this undertaking. Quezon decided to align himself with the independent‐ist stance in the following month. In his first speech to Congress, he added a proposition on the neutralisation of the archipelago. Through the correspondence that he maintained with Winslow, it is apparent that Quezonʹs public position regarding immediate independence was more nuanced in private. In the early part of 1911, Quezon let it be known in Congress that a status of autonomy for the colony was a solution that might be entertained. Winslow, worried about these rumours, wrote Quezon about them on 28 February,10 but did not receive a reply. He wrote again on 4 March, asking
7 TOMPKINS, E. Berkeley. 1970. Anti‐imperialism in the United States: The Great Debate 1890‐1920. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania. 8 The National Library of Manila (N.L.), Quezon presidential papers (Q.P.), Anti‐ Imperialist League, Box (B.) 5. 9 Cited by GRIPALDO, Rolando M. 1994 – The Quezon‐Winslow Correspondence and Other Essays, Manila : De La Salle University, p. 9. Gripaldo has compiled a selection from general correspondence and presidential archives. 10 These letters are in the presidential archives (N.L.), in the series on General Correspondence ordered chronologically.
Quezon to clarify his position. The Commissioner assured him that his position was unchanged, but one senses that he was open to compromises with the Democrat administration. After the shift in the majority in Congress and the election of Wilson in 1912, Quezon constantly lobbied democrats on the issue of independence, as Wilsonʹs party had promoted itself as the champion of the right to self‐governance on the Democrat platform. The young representative from the colonies requested that the Democrat administration transform its promises into reality. This new situation encouraged Quezon to distance himself from the anti‐imperialist positions of the League. He preferred negotiation to confrontation. After meeting Wilson, Quezon wrote to Winslow on 19 January 1914, saying that the president did not favour independence for the Philippines. He had adapted his actions to the new situation. It was necessary to obtain as many concessions as possible under the Democrat administration and to postpone independence. With this perspective, the ultimate goal was merely a final destination not yet in sight. During discussions for the second draft of the Jones bill, the Resident Commissioner temporarily abandoned his previous requirements to support the creation of a Senate. Winslow was in the end frustrated by the constant changes in the of the Philippine leaderʹs position. In 1915, just before the final falling‐out between the two men, Quezon nonetheless managed to secure the backing of the League by seeking the direct support of its president. Winslow accused Quezon of being a traitor,11 which Quezon found unacceptable. The politician regretted that the humanist maintained this firm position, but hoped that the League would nonetheless continue to support him. All things considered, the Resident Commissioner showed on many occasions between 1909 and 1916 that he was not an advocate of independence at any price. The same ambiguity surfaced in the succeeding period, when he was president of the Philippine Senate and then the Commonwealth. The newly elected President of the Senate always represented himself as a fierce champion of independence after 1916. But in the Philippines, his position was less definite than it was in the United States. Quezon co‐operated with Harrison and expected to be appointed Governor General after his friendʹs term had ended. At the same time he needed to defeat Sergio Osmeña, to appear to the American administration as the only alternative.12 After he took control of the Nacionalista party, Quezon could confidently push the independence movement forward, as he knew that he would benefit from it. But after 1923‐1924, his speeches confused different notions of independence and the right to self‐government. At least since 1928, he was in favour of some form of dominion. Inasmuch as he was involved in every aspect of politics, he could cope with a foreign presence. Quezon worked to modify the ʺimmediate independenceʺ motto. The crisis of 1929 gave him a good pretext to slow down the independence process. Although the effects of the Great Depression were less pronounced in the archipelago than they were in America, the Filipino elite showed less enthusiasm to be freed of its colonial tutelage, and with the return of the Democrat administration, independence again became a possibility. The Hare‐Hawes Cutting bill and the Tydings‐McDuffie law envisioned independence in the short term. But once the principle was
11 N.L.‐Q.P., Subject files (series. VII), Quezon to Storey, 26 March 1919.
12. I stretched this hypothesis in the first part of my book: ʺLe prestidigateur politiqueʺ in 2004. Manuel Quezon. Les Philippines de la décolonisation à la démocratisation. Paris: Maisonneuve et Larose, pp. 15‐89.
accepted the President seemed to procrastinate. This lowest common denominator among the ilustrados was called into question. After the Japanese invasion of China in 1937 confirmed Japanʹs Asian ambitions, Quezon officially maintained his position on independence beyond the transition period, but organized in the meantime a ʺretentionistʺ opposition.13 Throughout his political career, from his time in Congress in the 1910s to his exile to the American capital during the Second World War, there was no doubt that Quezon was adept at a double discourse. A committed, even extreme independantist in public, his position was in reality more nuanced and subject to compromise. Despite what he said, Quezon did not want independence at any price. Much depended on politics. Quezonʹs interpretation of independence came closest to the concept of kalayaan. Like the ilustrados of the nineteenth century, the term came closer to ʺpolitical autonomy' than the rupture with the colonial ruler. In addition, as Ileto has shown, kalayaan at the time of the Revolution included kasaganaan, prosperity for the entire people, as well.14 With regard to his position on independence, Quezon was the heir of the Spanish period. Quezon was, before all else, a politician driven by ambition. He used the issue of independence to further his political career. But his success was not merely based on political legerdemain. He had a vision, although sometimes unclear, of a Philippine destiny, of which one component was a broad definition of the Filipino people. Bayan, or the nation writ large Quezon regarded the Philippine nation as the sum of all the islandsʹ inhabitants, including the ordinary man (sic) and the large aristocratic families. In keeping with the image that he sought for himself, Quezon constantly sought a balance between his humble origins and his membership in a certain aristocracy. He had little difficulty then in affirming the unity of the nation of which he could claim to be a symbol. Throughout his career, Quezon attempted to pass legislation favourable to the least privileged members of Philippine society, but it was not until 1935 that he had sufficient latitude to put his policies into practice. For the representatives and senators loyal or belonging to the large aristocratic families whose co‐operation Quezon needed to strip Osmeña of his leadership, the ʺpeopleʺ did not exist, and certainly did not deserve any attention. The idea of social justice is written into the 1935 constitution. In Article II Section 5, it is stipulated that ʺthe promotion of social justice to ensure the well‐being and economic security of all the people should the concern of the State.ʺ The president explained his interpretation of the constitution several times. A speech from the 19th of August 1938 sums up his ideas on the subject. His ambition is to provide the opportunity to secure the fundamentals–food, shelter and clothing–as well as a reasonable level of comfort and free time for all Filipinos. Quezon opposed the National Assembly, many of whose members represented the sugar lobby, which was not inclined to pass legislation favourable to the peasants. In this struggle Quezon could use nothing but the power of the state–or more simply his own–against the large landowners, but his margin of manoeuvre was small as most of the politicos came from the landed aristocracy attached to its privileges.
13 French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (M.F.A.), Asia 1930‐1940: General files 1930‐1940, Philippines, file 18, 3 September 1939. 14 Ileto, Reynaldo C. 1979. Pasyon and Revolution. Popular Movements in the Philippines, 1840‐1910. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, p. 87+.
Parallel to this essential question of land, Quezon favoured the passage of social legislation for workers. In November 1936 the Philippine Assembly passed a law instituting a minimum wage for public works employees, for example. Strongly influenced by American social legislation, Quezon attempted to advance workersʹ rights (a five‐day week, working conditions, the prohibition of child labour, etc.), but he again encountered resistance from the dominant class that had no desire to surrender the benefits from its exploitation of cheap labour. Although the president assumed the role of the defender of social justice from time to time, he did not pass certain limits. In a letter dated 6 January 1936, he gave a lesson in political realism to Ramon Torres, Minister of Labour. The government will not build social housing as this would create a distinction between the families living in the lodgings and the others. Other means, less costly for the State, such as paternalism, should be encouraged.15 This policy of social justice, the unity of the bayan, the people, stemmed from a sincere desire to improve the lot of the Filipinos. It also served Quezonʹs political interests. It helped keep the recurrent agrarian question, which could have fed communism, at bay. It also increased his popularity with the masses. The nation, according to Quezonʹs definition, could not be split along social or religious boundaries. Quezon kept a wary eye on the Muslim population, on whom he received regular reports.16 While he had no particular affection for the Moros, he tried to facilitate their integration. On this issue, he reacted as a politician, and not as a supporter of the Christian church: his duty as nationalist leader was to maintain unity within the country. He supported the application of a single law within the territory, suppressing Koranic regulations. Nevertheless, like many officials of his time, Quezon could overlook differences–age at marriage, polygamy etc–in the area of family life as long as national unity was not put at risk. Conversely he never yielded on the sensitive question of education because local rulers were reluctant to send their children to school. Quezon had only a weak grasp on the situation but always required his Muslim colleagues in the senate to use their influence to make sure that the law was respected. Quezon excelled in interpersonal dealings and used this quality to make his colleagues listen to reason‐‐even if bad faith arguments were used on all sides. Despite the constant quarrels, Quezonʹs first trip after his inauguration as head of the Commonwealth was to the South. But as Harrison describes well in his diary,17 the president failed to find a satisfying solution to separatism. In this regard Quezon was an exception
15 N.L.‐Q.P., Land B. 178. Quezon added: ʺMoreover, we will be only exposing the Government to the criticism that the families which have found accommodation are only families of the political leaders…ʺ 16 Quezonʹs secretaries received correspondence and reports from civil servants and politicians. For instance, Jose G. Sanvictores, one of his former secretaries, had been nominated Director of the Non Christian Tribes in 1920, before Harrison left: N.L.‐ Q.P., Moros B. 250 ; Non Christian Tribes B. 277 ; Department of Sulu and Mindanao B. 248. 17 Harrison, Francis Burton. 1974. Origins of the Philippine Republic: Extracts from the Diaries and Records of F. B. Harrison. Annoted by Michael Onorato. Ithica, N.Y., Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University; pp. 69‐74 and p. 216.
among the Philippine elite, which was inclined to use force against the Muslims. If Quezon wanted to connect to the Filipinos, he also dreamed of building a real nation.
Filipinos in the United States: a microcosm of Philippine nation Quezon, because of his broad conception of the nation–an entity not limited to a social group that is supposed to represent the majority–contributed to the development of Philippine nationhood. In the same way that Filipino students in Spain contributed to spreading the feeling of nationalism among the ilustrados at the end of the nineteenth century, the Philippine community in the United States played a key role in the creation of a national identity during the first half of the following century. This community was a microcosm of Philippine society. First‐ and second‐generation Filipinos behaved exactly as they had on the archipelago, forgetting in the process their regional origins so that they did not perceive themselves as anything but Filipino. There was a constant dialogue between this community and the person considered its representative, whether he was the Resident Commissioner, the Senate President or the President of the Commonwealth. In their correspondence (which was lacking in the archipelago as most Filipinos were illiterate), with Quezon, expatriate Filipinos asked themselves and their leader about their identity, as they were colonised by a foreign power that took pains not to assimilate them. Correspondence from Filipino first‐generation migrants to the US tells a story of disillusion. On his arrival in Seattle, wrote Pedro Del Mondo to Quezon on September 4, 1914, ʺI found out that the Filipinos are suffering a struggle for life which deprived them from being equal to other strangers (sic).ʺ18 Filipinos, who Americans could not distinguish from other Asians, were often victims of daily racism. Manual labourers faced the hostility of their foremen. In January 1914, Manuel Quezon forwarded complaints from Filipino workers to the American administration and to his friend F. McIntyre, chief of the Bureau of Insular Affairs. The latter sent a letter to the U.S. Attorney General in Seattle but without result. After Quezon was elected President of the Senate in 1916, his secretaries continued receiving complaints from Filipino Americans. In January 1922, the Secretary of War was compelled to intervene with the Attorney General: ʺThe complaints have been sufficiently numerous and insistent to warrant my bringing them to the attention of your Department for possible investigation.ʺ19 The American administration did not rush to investigate the complaints because it was not in favour of these workers, foreigners in the eyes of the law as well as in public opinion, coming to the United States. Every effort was made to keep the cases from going to court. In the 1910s inquiries about U.S. citizenship are frequent. A seaman, working for the Navy at the end of WWI, wondered why he has not received ʺ…the ʹcitizenshipʹ pay since we are governed and subject to the same law.ʺ20 A worker living in Alaska for six years attempts to register and to vote, a student is denied his application for citizenship in Los Angeles. The replies to such requests referred to the Act of June 29, 1906 on the naturalisation of Filipinos.
18 Filipinos in the U.S., B. 182. Dorothy Bint Fujita Rony 1996. ʺYou Got to Move like Hellʺ: Trans‐Pacific Colonialism and Filipina/s in Seattle, 1919‐1941. PhD, Yale University, drew a complete picture of the community in her thesis. 19 Filipinos in the U.S., B. 184. 20 Filipinos in the U.S., B. 183.
According to the law, some Philippine citizens were eligible to become naturalised citizens of the United States, while others were not. The Supreme Court, via the Bureau of Naturalisation, decided on all matters, which meant that the process of naturalisation was not standardised. The legislation, whose purpose was to protect U.S. citizens from a massive migration from the colony, made things difficult even for those who had not asked for citizenship. The recruitment of Filipino soldiers during WWI changed the situation, because officially only Americans could enlist in the army. During the crisis of 1929, many demands for naturalisation arrived in Washington and Manila. Arguments like those used by M.M. Brown were irrefutable. While he was not American, he had served in the Navy. M.M. Brown asked Quezon to secure legislation to admit Filipinos like himself to citizenship. In addition, under the New Deal, only Americans were entitled to welfare, and the naturalisation service was flooded with requests. With the birth of the Commonwealth in 1935, under which independence would be granted within the next ten years, nationalist leaders had no interest in facilitating these transfers of qualified workers. In January 1931, W.H. Lawrence, a San Francisco lawyer and president of the Philippine Society, sent a resolution to M. Quezon. His association opposed the American Congress, which wanted to exclude Filipinos from the mainland. Nevertheless, the association suggested that ʺthe repatriation of indigent Filipinos would not only reduce by so many the number of the unemployed of this country, but would have the effect of discouraging the further migrations of laborers from the Philippines to the United States....ʺ21 The President of the Senate replied that the resolution was excellent and hoped that something could be done. The US was unlike the idyllic representation that the migrants had before they left the Philippines. If a large majority of ʺlegalʺ Filipinos wanted to assimilate, some had a different point of view. On June, 24 1922, C.A Buen wrote from Chicago that mostly he found the situation unfair. In the archipelago, most of the important positions were held by Americans and a Filipino would ʺhave to kneel before an American before he can get a position ?ʺ22 In a letter dated December 12, 1931, in which he describes the consequences of the Great Depression on the Philippine community in California, Fernando T. Amis, president of the Filipino Educational Society of America, came to the conclusion that Filipinos had to adopt a fighting spirit to relieve the despair of their countrymen and women: ʺI believe, Mr. President, that there is nothing that our government could do to remedy their [Filipinosʹ] positions except to fight Uncle Sam for the immediate emancipation of our race.ʺ23 Quezon appears to have remained the unofficial head of the Filipino overseas community. The letters that he received showed a familial attachment to him and demonstrate that Quezon acted very much like the leader to whom each Filipino owed respect, and also who represented the final authority among his countrymen and women. This peculiar relationship generated all manner of personal requests. A young Filipino who asked Quezon for an official
21 Filipinos in the U.S., B. 184. 22 Filipinos in the U.S., B. 181.
23 ibid.
position also dared to involve him in an offer of marriage ! The brideʹs father, from Boston, asked the Resident Commissioner for information on his prospective son‐in‐lawʹs ʺage, character, profession, ability, married or single, family connections, financial condition, standing among his people, army record and standing, position regarding government to recent elections in Philippines (sic), vote at that time, and in fact the information you would know regarding the man your daughter would care to marry.ʺ24
Quezon, patron of the archipelago The distinctive nature of the bond between Quezon and the overseas Filipinos resembled what is called the politica de familia. The nation was perceived as a large extended family. Social codes all follow the principle of pakikisama, a highly developed concept in the Malay world: Quezon represented the highest authority, or more precisely the head of the family on a national scale. To all Filipinos he was a figure whose instructions were to be obeyed and from whom one could also obtain favours. These relations of interdependence structured Philippine society on at least three levels. At the base, an extended family functions on the (very Asian) principle of solidarity; it is then involved in a relationship of patronage at the local level with the head of a village or a province as the symbolic head of a community. Quezon, for his part, performed the functions of the patron of the archipelago. His compatriots appealed to him as they did their provincial patron. It is primarily for this reason that the archives concerning Filipino‐Americans are full of meaning. The distance between the United States and the Philippines made it necessary to use written communication, making visible a phenomenon that would have been difficult to capture in the archipelago. In the Philippines, the relations between Quezon and his compatriots were not of a different nature. As they operated on a more verbal level, however, they have not left any exceptional written record. The president was known to be an honest man, sensitive to injustice. The most unusual requests found their way to his secretaries. Twenty pigs (a fortune for an agricultural society) were stolen at Calapan, the capital of Mindoro Occidental; the employees at MERALCO, the national power company, collected payment but did not issue any receipts… The grievances were at times more serious. In January 1940, a collective letter from Cagayan (Rizal province) requested that Quezon take action against a local patron who behaved like a tyrant. The latter killed one of his housemaids in 1932 and was sentenced to fourte14 years in prison. ʺBecause of his moneyʺ he was not incarcerated and Felix Villafor continued to terrorise the community. He lent money to the poorest families, and as they were often unable to pay their debts, he took young girls ʺto reduce them to slaveryʺ with all that this implied. Quezon was for the Filipinos a kind of ʺprince of justiceʺ, capable of helping the weak triumph over the strong. In the course of his travels to the provinces in 1936‐1937, the President did not hesitate to wear the robes of a judge by firing ipso facto a corrupt government employee, or a teacher who had profited from his position at the expense of one of his students. After 1940, the complaints addressed to Malacañang were so numerous that Quezonʹs secretaries replied with a form document. Whatever the circumstances, the president was always open to dialogue. Individual ties were far more determinant than institutions. Where honour (or ʺfaceʺ) was concerned, it was a whole network of relationships, which included intermediaries (ʺgo‐betweensʺ) rather than a
24 Filipinos in the States, B. 185.
single individual. A Filipino always depended on a solution negotiated man to man, or among several men, rather than resorting to the courts that he suspected–with good reason–of being influenced by local bosses, either directly or indirectly. Americans, all Westerners in general, find it difficult to comprehend the manner in which such a system functions, based as it is on personal relationships. Quezonʹs ability to make himself available to hear the humblest of his compatriots made it easy for him to develop the image of the supreme leader, the most malakas (strong, or in a position of strength) among Filipinos. During the American period, no ilustrado could have claimed to be as close to his people as Quezon. Not content with defeating his political enemies, Quezon made certain that they were also in his debt. By seduction or by force, he transformed Manila high society into his court. Everyone, in one way or another, was in his debt. The exercise of this power is seen in the subtle exercise of writing letters of introduction and recommendation. The president of the Commonwealth became the key player in the game of obtaining a position of power.25 At one time or another, members of Manila high society would cross paths with the President or one of his close allies. The system was a coherent one. An encounter with Quezon was unavoidable. When he told American officials that he knew his people well, Quezon implied that nothing that was Filipino was foreign to him. And once he was the head of state, the exchange with the growing nation was not enough for him. He wanted to shape it as well. The unity of the nation As with all nascent nation‐states, the awareness of belonging to a community depends on objective criteria such as racial homogeneity, or common cultural practices in the religious domain, for example. But the Philippines under colonial tutelage was a mosaic of peoples. To build this nation Quezon made efforts in two areas: language, and the definition of a code of conduct outlined in the Code of Citizenship. The religious question merits a study of its own.26 Under American colonisation the Philippines was a Tower of Babel. In the 7000 islands forming the archipelago, almost 200 languages were spoken. Two were used by the elite before the signing of the Treaty of Paris: Spanish, the official language of the courts, and a sign of recognition among Ilustrados; and Chinese, which was used mostly among members of the Diaspora in the commercial centres like Manila or Cebu City. The American administration allowed the setting up of English‐language primary schools at the end of ʺpacificationʺ. Quezon, who was from Luzon, spoke Tagalog, and, because of his social background, Spanish. He studied in Spanish and was therefore more at ease writing and thinking in that language, as is seen in his archives. In March 1904, James G. Harbord, a
25 I made a survey on these letters in ʺSociability and Personal Bonds in the Philippines under American Colonisationʺ in Asia‐Pacific Social Science Review, Manila, 2002, pp. 86‐104. 26 I attempted to show in my book (op. cit. pp. 141‐164) that Quezon did not consider Christianity as a major component of the Philippine nation. He took advantage of the religion, like Mustapha Kemal, but was no zealot.
graduate of West Point and then governor of Tayabas, suggested that he learn English.27 But it was not until he was elected Resident Commissioner that Quezon put his mind to it. He arrived in Washington during Christmas 1909, and gave his first speech in English on May 14 1910. The Resident Commissioner did not hide his enthusiasm for this new language. On September 20, 1914 a Filipino businessman from New York wrote Quezon to ask for his opinion on the future official language of the Philippines. On 17 October, his secretary replies that ʺEnglish will ultimately be the official language of the Islands and the study of this language should be encouraged among Filipinos.ʺ28 Back in the Philippines, Quezon supported the use of English instead of Spanish, most notably in the courts in 1924. Cases were still heard in the language of the former colonisers of the country, which only strengthened the power that local patrons wielded over their clients. It is clear that for Quezon, English was also an instrument of social justice.29 The language question resurfaced as independence drew closer. Although Quezon favoured English, he was not opposed to the use of a language that did not convey the legacy of colonisation. Strong public opinion supported this position in the archipelago. The issue was resolved, with finesse, by the president of the Forensic Club in a Vigan high school. Under the Commonwealth, young Filipinos were fond of oratorical competitions. Augusto P. Pacis wrote to the President of the Senate to ask him for his position on the use of English. Did he believe that, if English was adopted as the national language, that a national literature would blossom, that ʺwill embody our tradition, customs, whims, and idiosyncrasies as a race ?ʺ30 The delegates to the constitutional convention replied less than two weeks later, on 8 February 1935. In the General Provisions of Article XIII, Section 3 of the Constitution of the Commonwealth, it is established that the National Assembly should encourage the use of a national language ʺbased on one of the existing native languages.ʺ Until then, English and Spanish would continue to be the official languages. Quezon went along with this. In an address to the National Assembly on 27 October 1936, he advocated the creation of a national language institute, but added that English should still be taught.31 The assembly approved the creation of the institute on 13 November. Two years later, in 1937, the same organisation recommended to the President that Tagalog be adopted as the base for a national language, which was put into effect by Executive Order on 30 December. The act made the teaching of Tagalog in all schools obligatory from June 1940.
27 Cf. CULLINAME, Michael. 1979 ʺQuezon and Harry Bandholtzʺ in Manuel Quezon: ʺThe Good Fightʺ revisited. American Historical Collection, pp. 79‐90. 28 N.L.‐Q.P., Filipinos in the United States, B. 185. 29 N.L.‐Q.P., Language and languages, B. 179. 30 N.L.‐Q.P., Clubs, associations, B. 28. Il n'y a pas de réponse. 31 Creation of an Institute of National Language, Messages of the President (Addresses, Speeches, Messages to the National Assembly, Letters, Press Statements, Proclamations, Executive Orders, Administrative Orders and General Orders). Manila: Bureau of Printing. pp. 343‐344.
In the same sprit, Quezon drafted a code of citizenship and ethics (see document at the end of the article). In the preceding year, for his 60th birthday, Quezon gave a speech before university students at the Rizal Memorial in which he criticised ʺnationalʺ flaws. Socially, the Filipino was a dead weight and believed that the government alone was responsible for him. The middle class was lazy and a burden for the national economy. It was therefore necessary to re‐create the race, to render it morally strong, virile, hardworking, refined, entrepreneurial, persevering and with a strong sense of civic duty. To this end, the young needed a code of ethics and personal conduct, a Philippine Bushido. Quezon belonged to the same tradition as the Katipuneros: at the beginning of the revolution Emilio Jacinto wrote a Kartilla (from the Spanish cartilla, an elementary school manual) consisting of 13 points that all the members of the Katipunan were expected to live by; Bonifacio had also composed a Decalogue, the Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Z. Ll. B. (The Duties of the Sons of the People).32 Quezon anticipated the criticisms that could have been made of his policies. His opponents would say that the text was a first step to totalitarianism. Filipinos are Asians and Asians are passive, he explained, but they will refuse to be Asians of that kind.33 Gaston Willoquet, French Consul‐General, was well informed; he indicates in his report of 31 August 1938 that this speech was written by Carlos Romulo, a brilliant intellectual and director of the Philippine Herald.34. Everything considered, it appears that the code was the work of the President himself, as in parts it takes up some of his preoccupations; for example, Point 7: ʺPoverty with honour is preferable to wealth with shame.ʺ Quezon often used this rhetorical device to justify early independence. Despite an outwardly rational appearance, the 13 ukases betray the disorder of Quezonʹs thoughts. Quezon was not an intellectual but a man of action.35 The revitalisation of the nation was organised around three principal axes. Article 1 commands belief in divine providence. This introduction was obligatory, put at the beginning of the document as proof of Quezonʹs faith, so that the question did not arise again. Apart from the sixth point that repeats the third commandment (ʺHonor thy father and thy motherʺ) and the ninth that condemns lust, Quezon did not show the zeal of a new convert to the faith (which in fact he was, as he officially left the freemasonry in 1930). The second axis focused on the theme of the state and the nation. Two interpretations are possible. First, the influence of American democracy had made itself felt. It was an obligation to love oneʹs country and to recognise oneself in its government (2)–or at the very least to recognise the legitimacy of the government, and to prosecute corrupt public officials (8‐5‐16). If citizenship cannot be conceived except as a dialectic between rights and obligations (4), it gives the impression that the idea of submission to the state takes precedence, in the style of Italian fascism.
32 Both texts are in AGONCILLO, Teodoro A. 1960. A History of the Filipino People. Quezon City: Garotech Publishing, 9th edition 1990, pp. 161‐163. 33 Messages..., op. cit., Vol. 4, p. 156. 34 M.F.A., Asie 1930‐1940: General Files 1930‐1940, Philippines, file 17. 35 Manuel Quezon III told that a commission examined the issue and that Laurel considered the problem but I found no evidence for this in the archives.
The obligations of taxation or military service are veiled in the language of ʺconsentʺ rather than obligation in democracies, but they surface in Quezonʹs text in a manner that is not without similarities to Mussolini (to whom he paid a courtesy visit in February‐March 1933). Love of country is associated with the supreme sacrifice (2); respecting the law also implies vigilance to the behaviour of civil servants (3). What is implied is that citizens must be vigilant and ready to denounce dishonest civil servants. The incitements to purchase local products (11‐15) present a similar ambiguity: did this represent a national preference for a democracy during a crisis or the beginnings of autarky ? The third axis is more elusive. Underlying Quezonʹs thinking we see a Malay core, covered by the colonial experience. Quezon blames the failings in the Filipino character on, for instance, the lack of interest in anything beyond the family such as the country (14) and the absence of determination, and a lack of continuity of effort. Beyond this it seems as though the writer wants to change Filipinosʹ perception of time. Filipinos live in the present, without looking to their glorious past (10) or to what will happen in the future. They need to manage their natural resources for generations to come (16) and, more concretely, they should not put off until tomorrow what can be done today (13). In conclusion, in this vast programme, Quezon urged the people and ʺnationʺ to rise above their shortcomings, frustrations and other negative feelings to build the nation that he wanted. A product of the Masonic culture, the President thought that the birth of a better world (in the Philippines) would come about by the improvement of man (sic) and society. The code envisioned the evolution of the individual. The President for his part took on the responsibility of changing society.
The Philippines, between East and West A young nationʹs encounters with other countries reinforces its identity. For the Philippines, the exclusivity of relations with the United States relegated to the background any bilateral relations that it could have had with its ʺdirectʺ neighbours. Foreign policy was not a dominant theme in Quezonʹs thinking. In 1936‐1937, after having visited most of the archipelago, Quezon paid a visit to the major states in the Pacific in order to increase his international prestige, and for recognition as head of state, which aroused fear mixed with irritation in Washington. Western countries outside of the United States, Spain included, did not rouse any sentimentality in Quezon. On 11 January 1936, he received a gift from the Compañia General de Tobacos de Filipinas, an enterprise with Spanish (and French) origins36. On this occasion Quezon discussed the common destiny of the emancipated colony and its former coloniser. The Philippines owed the heritage of Catholicism and the principles of a Western education to Spain. This heritage was therefore part of the ʺfoundation of our national unity.ʺ37 The islands that Magellan discovered in 1521 had no geographic unity and were transformed into ʺa solid nation, with its own history, its heroes, its martyrs and its own flag, a people uplifted by a consciousness of its own personality...and inspired by a high
36 And precisely Spanish and French: DELAUNAY, Jean‐Marc. 2004. Méfiance cordiale. Les relations franco‐espagnoles, de la fin du XIXe siècle à la première guerre mondiale. Madrid‐ Paris: Casa de Velasquez‐Publications de la Sorbonne, pp. 2217‐2220. 37 Messages..., op. cit., p. 26.
vision of its great destiny.ʺ38 His point of view on other nations was similar. If there had been no interest–strategic for England or commercial for Mexico39–in trade in the Pacific, the President of the Commonwealth would not have condescended to entering into diplomatic relations with just any country. The archipelago was at the centre of Quezonʹs mental universe and it was the other countries that gravitated around its orbit. By claiming far and wide that the Philippines was a nation, Quezon even managed to persuade the Filipinos of this ʺfactʺ. In this regard, he deserves the overused qualification of ʺFather of the Nation.ʺ More precisely it was Quezon who served as its model. This point having been made, what kind of nationalist was Manuel Quezon, asked Theodore Friend40 in 1958. The American historian is of the opinion that he was a fervent patriot. While this is beyond question if Friend means that Quezon contributed to the withdrawal of the Americans, but the characterisation is inadequate to grasp the essence of Quezonʹs brand of nationalism. For the Americans, it was clear that a Philippine nation existed; the Treaty of Paris was proof. Article III stated that ʺSpain cedes to the United States the archipelago known as the Philippine islands…ʺ The nation was defined by a territory, in the same manner that Wilson defined the boundaries of the countries of central Europe after the First World War. Territory then, was the cornerstone of the nation. Independence presupposed the withdrawal of American sovereignty from this geographically defined space. Quezon was largely in agreement with the concept, but his vision of a nation rested on another principle: the nation is composed of Filipinos: Filipinos who recognise themselves as such, whether they live on the islands or not, notwithstanding their ethnic or regional origins. Under this definition, expatriates in the United States were an integral part of the nation; conversely foreign communities could settle in the archipelago but would remain marginal. Europeans (Spanish and English mostly), Chinese and Japanese were welcomed , as were Austrian Jews escaping from Nazism in 1939, who asked to settle in Mindanao. The nationalist leaderʹs favourable image is not explained simply by his personal positions but also by the continuity of a Malay heritage (perhaps Spanish as well), interrupted by the Treaty of Paris. Philippine jurists, educated in American universities, were later strongly influenced by the United States. In the 1935 and 1946 constitutions, the American conception of the nation surfaced. But before then, a different model was in place. On 21 January 1899, the assembly of representatives of the Philippine people, under the presidency of Emilio Aguinaldo, established the constitution of the First Republic (known as of the Malolos Constitution, after
38 England and the Philippines, speech of October 12, 1936 in Messages..., op. cit. p. 139‐ 140. 39 Private archives (mainly clippings) of Manuel Quezon III, on his trip from April 8 to 13 in Mexico. 40 FRIEND, Theodore. 1958. ʺWhat kind of nationalist was Manuel L Quezon ?ʺ Historical Bulletin, reprinted in GARCIA, Mauro and Rivera, Juan F. (eds.) 1978. Quezon in Retrospect, a Commemorative Volume Issued on the 100th Birthday of President Manuel L. Quezon, Historical Bulletin Volume XXII, Jan‐Dec 1978, Manila, Philippine Historical Assocʹn, pp. 86‐92.
the city where the document was drafted). In Article 1 of the first title, ʺThe Republicʺ, it is stipulated that ʺThe political association of all the Filipinos constitutes a nation, the estate of which is denominated Philippine Republic.ʺ The Americans then adhere to a French conception of the nation that emphasises the right of soil, of territory, while the Filipinos come closer to the German construction, one which gives precedence to the right of ʺblood.ʺ But it differs from the German idea–one of the European communities that was best integrated in the archipelago–in that Philippine nationalism was open and excluded no one. Code of Citizenship and Ethics Prescribed by President Manuel L. Quezon 1‐ Have faith in the Divine Providence that guides the destinies of men and nations. 2‐ Love your country for it is the home of your people, the seat of your affections, and the source of your happiness and well‐being. Its defense is your primary duty. Be ready at all times to sacrifice and die for it if necessary. 3‐ Respect the Constitution which is the expression of your sovereign will. The government is your government. It has been established for your safety and welfare. Obey the laws and see that they are observed by all and that public officials comply with their duties. 4‐ Pay your taxes willingly and promptly. Citizenship implies not only rights but also obligations. 5‐ Safeguard the purity of suffrage and abide by the decisions of the majority. 6‐ Love and respect your parents. It is your duty to serve them gratefully and well. 7‐ Value your honor as you value your life. Poverty with honor is preferable to wealth with dishonor. 8‐ Be truthful and be honest in thought and in action. Be just and charitable, courteous and dignified in your dealings with your fellowmen. (sic) 9‐ Lead a clean and frugal life. Do not indulge in frivolity or pretense. Be simple in your dress and modest in your behavior. 10‐ Live up to the noble traditions of your people. Venerate the memory of heroes. Their lives point the way to duty and honor. 11‐ Be industrious. Be not afraid or ashamed of manual labor. Productive toil is conducive to economic security and adds to the wealth of the nation. 12‐ Rely on your own efforts for your progress and happiness. Be not easily discouraged. Persevere in the pursuit of your legitimate ambition. 13‐ Do your work cheerfully, thoroughly, and well. Work badly done is worse than work undone. Do not leave for tomorrow what you can do today. 14‐ Contribute to the welfare of your community and promote social justice. You do not live for yourselves and families alone. You are part of society to which you owe definite responsibilities. 15‐ Cultivate the habit of using goods made in the Philippines. Patronize the products and trades of your countrymen. 16‐ Use and develop our natural resources and conserve them for posterity. They are the inalienable heritage of our people. Do not traffic with your citizenship. 17‐ In the great task of nation‐building, do not be a mere professional knocker. Iron out from your face the wrinkles of frustrations and hate. Cheerful positive action will help build the nation edifice more than negative thought.


text:
Yummy Scrummy Carrot Cake
Serves 15
- 175g/6oz light muscavado sugar
- 175ml/6fl oz sunflower oil
- 3 large eggs, lightly beaten
- 140g/5oz grated carrot (about 3 medium carrots)
- 100g/4oz raisins
- grated zest of 1 large orange
- 175g/6oz self-raising flour
- 1 tsp bicarbonate of soda
- 1 tsp ground cinnamon
- 1/2 tsp grated nutmeg (freshly grated will give you the best flavour)
- 175g/6oz icing sugar
- 1 1/2 - 2 tbsp orange juice
- Pre-heat the oven to 180C/Gas 4/fan oven 160C. Oil and line the base and sides of an 18cm/7 inch square cake tin. Tip the sugar into a large mixing bowl, pour in the oil and add the eggs. Lightly mix, then stir in the grated carrots, raisins and orange rind.
- Mix the flour, soda and spices, then sift into the bowl. Lightly mix all the ingredients.
- Pour the mixture into the prepared tin and bake for 40-45 minutes, until it feels firm and springy when you press it in the centre. Cool in the tin for 5 minutes, then turn it out, peel off the paper and cool on a wire rack.
- Beat together the frosting ingredients in a small bowl until smooth. Set the cake on a serving plate and drizzle the icing over the top.. Leave to set, then cut into slices
Per serving 265 kcalories, protein 3g, carbohydrates 39g, fat 12g, saturated fat 2g, fibre 1g, added sugar 24g, salt 0.41g


text:
The benefits of alcohol consumption have long been known. The Bible refers to alcohol's medicinal properties no less than 191 times. Alcohol is beneficial in controlling the following conditions: hypertension or high blood pressure, peripheral artery disease, angina pectoris, liver disease, hepatitis A, pancreatic cancer, duodenal ulcer, gallstones, kidney stones, digestive ailments, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, bone
Even more significantly, innumerable studies have proven beyond any doubt that alcohol consumption leads to a decrease in the rate of heart attacks and strokes. The results of studies conducted on hundreds of thousands of men and women from several countries and continents have consistently shown that alcohol consumption reduces death from heart disease and a host of other ailments.
Huh?!! So why does alcohol consumption keep getting such bad press?
Well, it's not the alcohol that's to blame, but the consumer of it. For these beneficial effects to take effect, the key is for the alcohol to be taken in MODERATE doses.
Ahhh!! There's the rub.
Alcohol consumption has wondrous effects if, and only if, the consumption is MODERATE. Listen to just a minuscule portion of the findings.
* The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) reports that moderate drinkers have the greatest longevity. Moderate drinking results in a sharp decrease in heart disease risk (40%-60%). (This is a pretty major effect considering that cardiovascular disease is the number one killer in the United States, responsible for one million deaths in America each year.)
* A study of 12,000 male physicians done in the U.K. over a 13-year period found that moderate drinkers had the lowest risk of death from ALL causes.
* The Italians did a study of 1,536 men aged 45 to 65. The study found that the moderate drinkers among them gained about 2 years of life compared to occasional and heavy drinkers.
* China also did a large-scale study of middle aged men. It too found that those who drank moderately had a nearly 20% lower mortality rate compared to men who abstained from drink.
The studies are not confined to male subjects. Alcohol does not discriminate between the sexes.
* The Harvard Nurses study of over 85,000 women reported reduced mortality among the moderate drinkers.
* Harvard researchers did a study of over 5,000 women with type 2 diabetes. The moderate drinkers among them had significantly lower heart disease rates than those who didn't drink. In fact, the women who drank about half a glass of alcohol a day reduced their risk from coronary heart disease by more than half.
And the list goes on. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism did an extensive review of recent research from over 20 countries and the findings were quite consistent. Moderate drinkers live longer than those who either abstain from alcohol or who drink heavily. This is largely due to a decrease in diseases such as coronary heart disease, respiratory disease, and cancer. Moderate drinkers enjoy better health than abstainers or heavy drinkers. It's been found that abstainers have double the risk of stroke as moderate drinkers.
Okay. So what's considered moderate drinking?
Different countries have different standards. But generally, for non-pregnant women, it's one to two drinks a day, for men it's two to three drinks.
Now, what constitutes a drink?
A medium glass of wine, a can of beer or a .5 ounce shot of whiskey or other spirit generally have the same amount of pure alcohol in them and would be considered as a drink or one alcoholic unit.
Many of the beneficial effects of moderate drinking reverse if a person drinks too much. The amount is a key factor but so is consistency and regularity. Five drinks in one night do not equal – and produce a totally opposite effect from – five drinks spread out over five nights.
So take heed. Moderation and consistency are key to getting the health benefits that alcohol offers.


text:
Australia's population forecast to double by 2075 'Melbourne and Sydney should be neck and neck by 2053, with 7.9 million people each,' says bureau of statistics Australian Bureau of Statistics Australia's population is projected to double to 46 million by 2075, according to the latest population projections released today by the Australian Bureau of Statistics […]
Archive | November 26, 2013
Australia's population forecast to double by 2075
November 26, 2013
Recent Posts
- U.S. Census Bureau metropolitan population estimates July 1, 2019 –Release Date: March 26, 2020
- Madam C.J. Walker: A self-made millionaire as written about in the newspapers
- The 33rd AU Summit kicks off with the 39th Session of the Permanent Representatives Committee
- U.S. Gross Domestic Product by Metropolitan Area, 2018 | Released December 12, 2019
- U.S. State Populations 2019: Most populous states
The Archives
Dilemma X -Calendar
Dilemma X
- List of the largest metros in the U.S. U.S. Census Bureau #metropolitan #population estimates July 1, 2019 –Release… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 1 day ago
- Madam C.J. Walker: A self-made millionaire as written about in the newspapers when she was living #MadamCJWalker… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 1 week ago
- U.S. State #Populations 2019: Most populous states Release date: December 30, 2019 Take a look at the nation's fast… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 2 months ago
- #History is important to know so that people do not repeat similar destructive behaviors. A look back at when Adolf… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 3 months ago
- A look back at how #Atlanta became the "Black Mecca" and the "Hollywood of the South" with white flight #History… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 3 months ago
- #Brazil: In 2018 blacks became 50.3% of Brazil's public higher #education students But, as the majority of Brazil's… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 4 months ago
- Jay-Z is not the first regarding talks of African American ownership in the NFL. Here's a look back at the #Tampa,… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 7 months ago


text:
Delivering safe, clean and reliable natural gas to the City of Chicago
Home page > Business > For partners > Landlords and property managers > Remove an owner agreement >
= Required
Please verify the information below is correct. If not, go back and make changes.
Thank you for your request to remove an owner agreement.
You will receive confirmation of your removal within the next 10 days. If you have additional
questions, please contact us.
© Peoples Gas
Contact us | Terms and conditions | Privacy policy | Site map


text:
Ok, so after we covered off the basic foundations of your digital marketing campaign, we're now going to delve a little further into what else makes up the full online marketing spectrum.
Remarketing might sound like some complex technical wizardry, but it really is a straightforward concept.
We talk all the time about the hard work starting once you launch your site – but let's look at what you have done far. All the time and energy, not to mention expense, to get your shinny new website off the ground.
You have invested in a social media strategy, you are working hard with onsite SEO to optimise your site and you have started content marketing. All of this with the end goal being to get targeted traffic to your site.
We know that only 1 – 3% of website visitors, even ones specifically looking for what you offer, are in a purchasing mode when landing on your site.
Remarketing is about squeezing out all the possible benefits of that traffic you have worked so hard for. It works like this:
We have simply added a small piece of invisible code to the site, and this then tracks that user on other websites across the internet. We have essentially flagged them as a visitor to our website. We know they are interested in our product or service.
And so now we have the opportunity of bringing them back – to reinforce your brand, your product or service, enticing them back to your website when they are ready to jump in and buy.
That's a simple overview, of course, but the basic principle is a very powerful one. The cost of doing this is lower than 'normal' online advertising and the conversion rates can be higher. You aren't spending money advertising to all and sundry – you are specifically advertising to people who you already have a relationship with.
And so you can craft specific adverts with offers and deals about exactly what they were looking at. This is how you get the most bang for your buck out of the traffic you are already getting.
What a better ROI for your SEO investment? Use remarketing. Want to prove to the boss that your digital marketing efforts are paying off? Use remarketing.
And this is just the beginning. When we get you set up with a full marketing automation system, we can target specific offers to people at all stages of your sales funnel. We can use the data to get really specific and really drive more visitors to convert with you and your brand.
We can get our hands dirty with Google, Facebook and YouTube and make your site really fly with remarketing strategies.
As ever, we're trying to build the picture of what's available to small business owners, and to make sure you aren't missing any tricks. Your online marketing needs to work and it needs to drive a solid return. Remarketing will help you do this. It's an absolute must.
Get in touch, drop us a comment, or engage with Addictivity if you want to explore how remarketing can work for your business.
Click the download button to get your PDF copy.
Thank you for your comment. It has been submitted for moderation and will appear here as soon as we have been able to approve it.
@addictivity: GDPR in practice ? chat app fined for plaintext passwords https://t.co/C1ldqlxlST
@addictivity: The Typographic Ticket Book https://t.co/bv4BtJ602J
@addictivity: Taming complexity https://t.co/CvtRqNTyFG
Addictivity is a trading name of
Element 10 Ltd. Registered in
England and Wales.
Company Number 04950164
VAT Registration 832507835
Registered Office:
10 - 14 Accommodation Road,
Golders Green, London NW11 8ED


text:
Countdown for the 31th International PigeonMarket 2020
Impressions from the International PigeonMarket 2019
The biggest racing pigeon fair in the world
300 vendors of products and top pigeons, auctions, expert lectures, music and Bavarian Oktoberfest, excellent catering, international contacts.
In Kassel the world of the racing pigeon sport meets.Gallery / Retrospect
The highlight since over 30 years
For years, more than 300 exhibitors have succesfully promoted their products on an exhibiting space of 26.000 m² on both sales days.
Several thousand visitors regularly attend the International
PigeonMarket to keep themselves in good supply.
Free sale of racing pigeon
On the 31st International PigeonMarket we again offer a limited number of lease cages for the private sale of racing pigeons. To ensure organisationally and visually proper procedures, we will lease out completely furnished sales blocks this year as well.Register
Dear breeders, dear exhibitors,
From February 1, 2020, our new advertising service will give you the opportunity to advertise your content online on our website www.pigeonmarket-kassel.com. With an attractive advertising space of 1,050 x 120 px and a corresponding link to your website you decide[...]
This year again a very extraordinary auction was part of the program of the 30th International PigeonMarket. A lot of fanciers were looking forward to the live auction 'The Championsleague of the Pigeon Sport'. …Read more


text:
Sökning: "klinisk psykologi"
Visar resultat 1 - 5 av 118 avhandlingar innehållade orden klinisk psykologi.
1. Negative effects of Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy Monitoring and reporting deterioration and adverse and unwanted eventsDetta är en avhandling från Stockholm : Department of Psychology, Stockholm University
Sammanfattning : Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) has the potential of providing many patients with an effective form of psychological treatment. However, despite helping to improve mental health and well-being, far from everyone seem to benefit. In some cases, negative effects may also emerge. LÄS MER
2. Global Assessment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Examining Objective Measures of Hyperactivity, Impulsivity and Inattention in AdultsDetta är en avhandling från Karlstad : Karlstads universitet
Sammanfattning : The aim of this thesis is to examine objective laboratory measures of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adult persons and to develop measures for diagnosis and treatment using a psychometric instrument called the Quantified Behavior Test Plus. The instrument objectively quantifies cardinal symptom manifestations in adult ADHD using motion tracking devices and continuous performance testing. LÄS MER
3. Outcome in psychiatric outpatient servicesDetta är en avhandling från Inst för Psykologi, Umeå
Sammanfattning : The general aim of the studies presented in this thesis is to investigate the possibility of using clinical data to measure outcomes in psychiatric outpatient services. The specific aims are to investigate whether routine clinical assessments and ratings are reliable and have adequate validity, and then to use these data to calculate treatment outcomes and explore factors that affect these outcomes. LÄS MER
4. Personality traits and psychopathy (PCL-R) in male juvenile delinquentsDetta är en avhandling från Stockholm : Stockholm University
Sammanfattning : Abstract State-administered correctional institutions in Sweden take care of approximately 600 juvenile delinquents every year. The treatment for these institutionalized young people is based mainly on environmental programs and milieu therapy. LÄS MER
5. Behavioral effects of female sex steroid hormones models of PMS and PMDD in Wistar ratsDetta är en avhandling från Umaå : Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Sammanfattning : Background Animal models can be used to mimic human conditions of psychopathology, and also as pre-clinical models to evaluate candidate drugs. With hormonal treatment it is possible to produce behavior in the rat which corresponds to the mental symptoms of pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS), and pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). LÄS MER


text:
Hosted by Terry (abquitsmking)
Formerly known as the About.com Smoking Cessation support forum, this community is open to all who are recovering from nicotine addiction.
44920 messages in 861 discussions
Latest 6:43 AM by ModMarge (slowblumer)
Latest 7:05 PM by John1508
Latest 3:12 PM by ModMarge (slowblumer)
Latest 9:32 AM by JerseyDee
Latest Apr-4 by Loreficent
12569 messages in 665 discussions
Latest 8:38 PM by JerseyDee
Latest 10:21 AM by cherbearquit
Latest Apr-3 by JerseyDee
Latest Apr-2 by Loreficent
1728 messages in 159 discussions
Latest 9/7/15 by ModDee
Latest 9:48 AM by candrew
Latest Apr-1 by DebraAnne60
3386 messages in 226 discussions
Latest Apr-4 by Loreficent
Latest Apr-4 by John1508
931 messages in 51 discussions
Latest Apr-4 by KalyaRed
35172 messages in 2704 discussions
Latest 6:56 PM by Loreficent
Latest 2:16 PM by kittymom413
Latest 9:27 AM by cherbearquit
Latest Apr-4 by JerseyDee
Latest Apr-4 by Eve1973
Latest Apr-3 by Ovivi
Latest Apr-2 by Eve1973
Latest Apr-1 by Jatchat
Latest Apr-1 by Loreficent
Latest Apr-1 by DebraAnne60
Latest Mar-31 by Jatchat
92999 messages in 179 discussions
Latest Apr-2 by Jatchat
Latest Mar-30 by cherbearquit
Latest 5:48 PM by MDunn1088
Latest 8:19 AM by Cocoa60
Latest Apr-4 by Denim50
Latest Apr-4 by cmw0822
Latest Apr-4 by lindnog
Latest Apr-4 by JerseyDee
Latest Apr-3 by DebraAnne60
Latest Apr-3 by SusanK1960
Latest Apr-2 by Amicahomi
Latest Apr-1 by sweetstuff76
Latest Apr-1 by Ginger3077
Latest Mar-31 by Gersheps
9199 messages in 116 discussions
Latest 8:33 PM by JerseyDee
Latest Apr-4 by Brenda (1sept19)
Latest Apr-1 by VCena
47373 messages in 14 discussions
Latest 8:13 PM by JerseyDee
Latest 7:49 PM by JerseyDee
Latest 7:49 PM by JerseyDee
Latest 7:46 PM by JerseyDee
Latest Apr-4 by JerseyDee
Latest Apr-4 by JerseyDee
Latest Apr-4 by JerseyDee
74 messages in 18 discussions
256 messages in 34 discussions
140 messages in 69 discussions
77 messages in 6 discussions
144 messages in 133 discussionsMore
Thanks Marge!
you inspire me??????
Those question marks were supposed to be hearts:)
Hi Suemegan. This is a journey and even though you had a slip I'm sure you learned something about yourself that will help you along on the path you are on now. You can do this, it's not easy but it's simple---don't smoke. Do whatever you need to do to keep yourself from lighting up and be sure to replace the addiction with a hobby or activity you enjoy, that will help tremendously and always post here first before you light up. Wishing you much success- You CAN do this!!!!
Just passed the 3 day mark myself about 4 hours ago. Overall these past 3 days haven't been too horrible, just a bit of anxiety last night. The thought of smoking is certainly very present but I guess that's no different than any other day other than I managed to stay busy and not seriously consider the possibility of lighting up. I'm happy to be a part of the discussion group, it helps not to be alone in this challenging journey.
Hi January Ex-Smokers,
Here's a wonderful list ModJenn put together that should come in handy.
Quit Toolbox
Hello to the January 2020 Quitters.
What a good day, and what a good idea, you've decided to be the real you, free from smoking. Amazing. Just wanted to pop in and say hi and send my support. I'm a January 2019 quitter and happier every day I'm smoke free. It's hard, but most definitely gets better.
Use this forum and get in touch, there are lots of amazing people here willing to share and provide support. Keep strong and stick to what you've decided. Cheers from sunny africa!
Hi Mod Marge,
Thanks so much for the list of encouragements. I really needed to read them. I'm almost at 4 months but I still struggle everyday. Some days are worse than others but the last week as been very tough due to a family crises. My stress level is so high right now and in regards to my Son, I don't see a light at the end of the tunnel. Hope I'm wrong and my prayers are answered soon. I take long walks to help with my anxiety and cravings. I keep reminding myself that if I cave and smoke a cigarette, it's not going to take away my problem or solve it. Not sure why after almost 4 months my mind still plays tricks with me and try's to convince me that smoking will calm my nerves. I know it's false because if I do smoke again, the guilt will only make me feel worse.
Thanks again for the words of encouragement. I'm still struggling but I'm going to keep trying one day at a time. Can't wait for the day when I stop thinking about smoking...
Hi Dee,
I kept that list up in my room and literally had to run to it at times. 4 months is wonderful. Don't let anything make you smoke. It will just create more stress and will not help the situation. Stress is a major trigger and I mean major. if possible go to a quiet place , sit and do 10 slow deep breaths. It can relieve some built up pressure.
I don't know how long you smoked but it is not at all unusual to crave at four months. I turned a huge corner at 9 months but it is different for us all. I promise you, by one year it will improve vastly. Stay here and read and post.
How to Stay Smoke-Free In Times of Extraordinary Stress
Deep breathing exercises can effectively you bring relief from stress and anxiety. Check out these easy instructions so you can begin today.Read more from Verywell Mind
Thank you...
Thanks for reposting this list ModMarge. I've copied and pasted it. I've got my quit scheduled for next Wednesday or Thursday and I'm sure I'll be using this list a lot!!!


text:
|28810 Oldlyme Way, San Antonio, Texas 78260 map
|About this home: Sunday Creek in Kinder Ranch features this one story home with 4 bedrooms, 3.5 baths, and 3 car garage. study, bay window at master, large covered patio w/gas drop, powder bath, separate vanities at master bath. Granite countertops on all counters. Gas cooktop & built in double ovens, fireplace, 42"white Shaker style cabinets, lots of designer features and Imagine Homes award winning energy saving features.
|Price: $395,199
|Neighborhood: Sunday Creek
|Floorplan: Alder
|Square Feet: 2,448
|Bedrooms: 4
|Stories: 1
|Bathrooms: 3.5
|Garage size: 3
|Available: PENDING


text:
Global Azure 2016 will be on April 16th. Are you Ready?
Welcome to Global Azure Bootcamp! We are out to set some records again! In April of 2013 we held the first Global Windows Azure Bootcamp at more than 90 locations around the globe. In March 2014 we topped that with 136 locations, and then again last year in 2015 we hit 182 locations! This year we are again doing a one day deep dive class to help thousands of people get up to speed on developing Cloud Computing Applications for Azure. In addition to this great learning opportunity we will have another set of hands on labs. Check the different locations worldwide!


text:
At Pea in a Pod, we stand for timelessness, we stand for investment pieces that tell stories the more they are worn, and for a slow fashion approach that gently resists the pull of mass-production. We believe in quality over quantity, which is why each piece we create is made to last, to feel comfortable on your skin and to celebrate and flatter your silhouette. In reinventing tried-and-tested pieces and in refining the classics, our pieces are designed to be on high rotation even after your baby takes their first steps.
Offering support and comfort where you need it the most thanks to our signature ruching for a perfect fit during every stage.
Our maternity wear is crafted from luxe, soft and super stretchy fabrications. Cut in effortless silhouettes that celebrate the beauty of the feminine figure, we are constantly seeking a harmonic marriage between style, empowerment and comfort on the skin. Lovingly crafted for those that appreciate the values of quality craftsmanship and timelessness, our maternity wear is revered for its longevity that will last beyond the nine months that it was bought for.
We have carefully and considerately curated an everyday maternity wardrobe combining tried-and-tested staples with subtle elements of the latest trends. For clothing that is made to love and grow in.
For nursing pieces that combine ingenious designs, maximum comfort, and a timeless, everyday feel. Designed to be feeding friendly, these styles offer hidden nursing access that is discreet enough to be worn during pregnancy, feeding stages and well beyond. Our most popular and highly sought after pieces were crafted with ease of access to make nursing just that little bit less stressful and just that little bit more special.
FREE EXPRESS Shipping on AU Orders $69+
Enjoy an extra 20% off on all Sale items!
Oh no.... It appears that your cart is currently empty - Have you seen our Best Sellers? You really should....Back
Our Margot Cropped Jeans feature classic Pea in a Pod detailing that ensures these babies fit like a glove. Crafted from an on-trend sky-wash blue, the Margot features a wide cotton waistband for added tummy comfort, that can be folded over as desired. These skinny fit cropped jeans hug and sculpt the body, lengthening the legs whilst glorifying the bump! Guaranteed to pair with everything while elevating your basics, if you only needed one pair of jeans in your wardrobe, these are it!
Proudly made in Australia
83% Cotton | 15% Polyester | 2% Elastane
Cold/Warm machine wash. Iron on medium. Do not dry clean (X).
Our Model is wearing a size 8 and is 27 weeks pregnant. She usually takes a size AU8, is 5'8" (174cm) tall with a current waist measurement of 79cm (was 60cm pre-pregnancy), 79cm bust and 89cm hips.
Please note to protect our community; we have reduced our hands-on staff in the warehouse. Delivery may take a little longer than usual because of this and as more people shop online. We will aim to dispatch same day as much as possible Monday-Friday if ordered before 2pm. Thank you for your understanding.
Weight based calculated during Checkout.
We offer full refunds or exchanges on all non-sale items.
Sale items that have been returned will be settled with a PIAP Store Credit to be used online.
All costs associated with returning items to Pea in a Pod are the responsibility of the customer.
Read more HERE
We recommend selecting your pre-pregnancy size, as our garment are designed to suit your style throughout and after pregnancy.
Our notes include other recommendations specific to that particular style / fabrication
Our Size Chart can also be found HERE
If you have a question about this product or any others, please feel free to give us a call on +61 (03) 9415 6800 to discuss the fit, care instructions or any other questions you have before purchasing this product. We are here to help!
Alternatively, you can email us at email@example.com
If you are normally between sizes or expecting twins we recommend that you go up one size.
Yes! We pride ourselves in designing and crafting all garments to be suitable to wear during all three trimesters of pregnancy and well after baby is born thanks to superior stretch fabrications, a range of technical finishes and clever design elements.
If you still have question regarding this product, please do not hesitate to call us on +61 (03) 9415 6800 anytime between 10am - 4pm or email firstname.lastname@example.com
You can check the Size Chart HERE
Or you can read more FAQ's HERE
At Pea in a Pod our sizes correspond to your pre-pregnancy size.
It is normal to increase 1-2 cup sizes in the bust and ribs, and to put on weight across the hip and thigh areas. However all our garments are specially designed to accommodate for this growth, so in most cases, you will remain your same pre-pregnancy size.
If you are normally between sizes or expecting twins we recommend that you go up one size.
You can check the Size Chart HERE
Or you can read more FAQ's HERE
Mostly yes! We aim to photograph each collection on a model who is expecting. Most times we can, but if it is not possible, we state in our product descriptions that she is wearing a prosthetic belly.
As each body is unique, that goes for pregnant bodies too! Two people can try on the same outfit but may look different depending on their body shape and how they are carrying their baby.
You can head to our instagram to see IRL #PIAPMAMAS wearing our garments.
Our garments are created to fit a "true" size 10 (industry standard) and then graded down (6-8) and up (12-16) for bulk production.
We do offer simple exchange/refunds if you are not 100% happy, please get in contact if you have any questions about any of the fits.


text:
|File Name:
|File Size:
19 (4.89)
|Supported systems:
|Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows 2008, Windows Vista
|Free* (*Free Registration Required)
Download Now
Left-click Uninstall a program. If Uninstall a program is not listed, look for and select Programs and Features instead. Locate and double-click on the uninstall option for your printer model, e. There will be no file size EPSON TM-S1000 USB Device the Size column, this is normal.
Click Continue if you receive a Windows permission request to "Uninstall or change an application". Click on the Epson printer icon that corresponds to the printer you wish to uninstall and EPSON TM-S1000 USB Device OK. Answer Yes to all prompts to complete the uninstall process.
Click OK to the "Uninstall complete" notification. Repeat this procedure until all Epson printer drivers are uninstalled.
Once the uninstall process has finished, close the Programs and Features window. Navigate to the drive that Windows is EPSON TM-S1000 USB Device on usually C: Open the windows folder. Open the inf folder. You will now need to search for the Epson 'oem' files in the Windows inf folder.
EPSON TM-S1000, Captureone, Edg, PS, USB Cable, Cartridge, 60DPM (Capture One)
Locate the files labelled OEMxx. The oem files you locate may not display the. There are normally two oem files that share the same number. For example with oem0 there would normally be oem0.
You cannot open a. Double-click on the file and it will open in the Notepad program. To close a file, click on the Close icon found in the top-right of the program window. You must not edit any OEM files. To delete it, right-click on the file icon then left-click EPSON TM-S1000 USB Device Delete from the menu. Then delete its corresponding oem. In the example below, oem1.
This should be deleted along with oem1. Continue to check each OEMxx.
USB check scanner not working from zero client VMware Communities
Stop the EPSON TM-S1000 USB Device Spooler service in Local Services Move the mouse cursor to the bottom left of the screen and click the Start icon. This will open the Local Services window. Scroll down the list of services until you find the Print Spooler. Click on Print Spooler to highlight it. At the top-left of the window, EPSON TM-S1000 USB Device on Stop the service. Windows will attempt to stop the service. Once the Print Spooler service has stopped, close the window.
Epson Tm-s A41aa CaptureOne USB Check Scanner Model Ma eBay
Open Windows Explorer or Computer. From here, browse to:Additional support for this product, such as drivers and manuals, is available from our Business System Products Technical Support website. Note: To download. Epson's TM-S cheque scanner is ideal for banks and corporations that want to.
a job to print or multiple copies of the driver are listed in the Printers folder.View gallery · Tech Specs · Consumables and.


text:
Well-known Member
- Location
- Rochester, NY
I went to Home Depot, and no bases. Looked on Amazon, they have bases, but all I looked at said they do not hold the umbrella up without a patio table. I really do not want a table...at least not one big enough to use an umbrella with. My deck is not big enough. Well, it probably is, but the table would take up too much of my 8x8 deck for my comfort level. Has anyone had an umbrella and base with no table?


text:
The UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) provides national guidance and information on the use of drugs including biopharmaceuticals. They have published extensively on the issue of biosimilars, which are described in the following terms: 'biosimilars undergo a comprehensive regulatory process which demands extensive comparability studies that demonstrate similarity to the reference medicine'. Therefore, biopharmaceuticals produced in this project must undergo careful characterisation. We will use a suite of assays to test the physicochemical and immunochemical properties of each molecule, as well as testing biological activity and purity.
Physicochemical characterisation of biosimilars is primarily achieved by high sensitivity mass spectrometry. The biological mass spec laboratory at Imperial led by Prof. Anne Dell and Dr Stuart Haslam has over 40 years of experience in the characterisation of biological molecules including recombinant pharmaceuticals, and has direct industrial experience in the design and application of precisely these types of analyses. In fact, they pioneered many of the analytical approaches used today. This experience will be applied to both the bacterial and animal cell production systems and their protein products, drawing on collaborative connections within the biopharmaceutical industry.


text: Harga titan gel 50 ml. Steroid male does jelquing really enlarge penis enhancer. Figgs male does jelquing really enlarge penis enhancement does jelquing really enlarge penis packet. Penile girth enlargement surgery. Genesis 6 male enhancement supplement. Mens sex pills uk. Real dick enlargement before and after pics. How to enlarge your glutes. Mmc usa blue shark male sex enhancement pills. Is penile enlargement real. How to make pennis bigger at home. Male enhancement pills needing a prescription. Tips for does jelquing really enlarge penis long does jelquing really enlarge penis dick. Eye enlargement surgery. Ingredients of proplus extreme male enhancement. How to make your cock thicker. Calayan penile enlargement price. What vitamin helps with penis growth. The best enhancement pills for male. How much does male enhancement surgery cost. Titan gel hoax. I want to make my cock bigger. Primo black male enhancement review. Do titan gel really works. How to enlarge your penis with pills. Maximum male libido enhancer does jelquing really enlarge penis tablets. Sizegenix the best male enhancement supplements. How to stretch dickies waist. Non invasive penile enlargement los angeles. Female enhancement pills at walmart. Natural male enhancement drugs at walmart. Penile enlargement pills uk. How can does jelquing really enlarge penis i grow my pennis naturally. Male enhancement fraud. All natural male enhancement reviews. Titan gel 評價. Amazon uk male enhancement. What male enhancement pill really works. Does an erection go away when using a male enhancement. Male enhancement xl pills. Natural penis growth vitamins. Titan gel donde comprar en santiago. Real penis enlargement operation free movie clip. Best pills for menstrual cramps and bloating. Male enhancement called jaguar. Enlarge your world. Jet pro x male enhancement reviews. How to make you penus thicker. Natural ways to enlarge your manhood. Male enhancement truth. Titan gel cua nga. Donkey kong male enhancement. Dr elist penile enlargement implant. V-pro male enhancement. How to big ur penis. Male supplements that really work. How to enhance male ejaculation. Do they do penis enlargement. Normal bumps on penile shaft pictures. Exercises can you do to enlarge your penis. Penile enlargement orlando. Chris male enhancement pills. Best over the counter male libido enhancer. Natural male libido enhancers. Agen titan gel di pasuruan. Rock solid male enhancement. Male enhancement drug. Male enhancement pills pro plus. Enhancement male pill reviews. Male enhancement richmond. Russian male enhancement pills australia. Male enhancement plastic surgery before and after. Best male enhancement supplement sold in stores. Natural penile girth enlargement surgery near me. Otzivi o titan gel. Pns king single male enhancement. Download movie titan gel original price. Pennis enlargement kit. Male enhancement pills are they safe. Male enhancement pills compare. Zing zing male enhancement. Are there any side effects to male enhancement pills. Natural male enlargement supplements. Www.titan gel.com.ph. Titan gel kya kaam karta hai. Male enhancement negative side effect. Penjual titan gel jogja. Happy bob male enhancement. Penies inlargement. Male volume enhancer. Water pump dick enlargement. Natural foods for male libido enhancement. How to natrually grow penis girth and growth. Cobra male enhancement side effects. Magic pill male enhancement. Synthetic male enhancement pills. Clavin male enhancment czech republic. How do i get my dick bigger. Male enhancement safeway. How to enlarge dick. Libido max male enhancement pills reviews. Pennis enlargement without pills. Dat mua titan gel o dau. Free pennis enlargement pills. Titan gel narxi uzb. How to increase penile size by ayurveda. Penile lengthening wiki. Titã de gelo ragnarok. How to enlarge pennis size at home. Male power underwear low rise enhancer thong. Safest male enhancement supplements. Titan gel di apotik semarang. Titan gel actual video. Rhino sex pills reviews. Titan gel where can buy. Top enlargement products. Gnc male enhancement cream reviews. Schwarzkopf does jelquing really enlarge penis taft titane power gel. Is penis enlargement aurgery real. Redwood male enhancement. How long does it take for penis pump to enlarge. Zyflex male enhancement pills. Pennis enlargement solutions. Can a penis pump help enlarge. Lucky guy male sexual enhancer. Seven k male enhancements. Top male enhancement ingredients. V-shark 1000 male enhancement pills. Male performance enhancer pills over the counter uk. Before and after penis enlargement surgery with silicon implant. Top 10 male enhancement pills. What can i do to make my pennis grow. Titan gel d'originals price. Titan gel ucinak. How to get long panis. Xtreme diamond 4500 does jelquing really enlarge penis male enhancement reviews. Batha riyadh titan gel store locator. Best male orgasm enhancers. Mens male enhancements. Titan gel mail.ru. Penis enhancement cream. How to increase penile strength. Frank thomas male enhancement. Erotic stories of penis enlargement. Buckram male enhancement reviews. Extagen male enhancement tablets review. How to enhance your penis. Any way for teen to increase penile growth. How can i increase my pennis size naturally in hindi. Penile growth spurt. Can you make penis larger. How to pronounce jelqing. Do male enhancement pills really work. How make a male enhancement drink reviews. What is jelqing and stretching. Titan gel modo de usar. One more knight 1750 male enhancement pills. Can you actually enlarge penis. Male enhancement pills philippines. Titan gel trustpilot. Fungsi obat titan gel. Expandom male enhancement pills reviews. V blast male enhancement. Can you actually make your penis larger. Growth near my penis. Male enhancement pills purple and white bottles. Clinically proven male enhancement products. Are male enhancement pills safe. Have i stunted my penis growth. Effects of enzyte male enhancement commercial. Magnum xl male enhancement reviews. Male sex enhancer chewing gum uae. Are there any male enhancement pills that work. Titan gel price flipkart. Free penis enlargement techniques. Penile glans enlargement surgery terminology. Donde puedo comprar titan gel original. Male breast enhancer bra. Www.titan gel. Titan gel di denpasar. Reviews of male enhancement supplements. Boost ultra male enhancement. Schwinnng male enhancement pills. Niacin male enhancement. Permanent penis enlargement that works. Termite male enhancement. How to make your pienes bigger. How to get it bigger. Mens sex enhancer pills. 7-11 male enhancement pills. Max muscle male enhancement. Como aplicar titan gel. Penis enlargement hgh. L-citrulline penis enlargement. Products for male enhancement. Where to buy pandan male enhancement. Stim rx male enhancement pills review. Penile enlargement surgery in houston texas. Big dick pills. Titan gel pagina oficial colombia. Penis enlargement demo. Madeinchina male enhancement herbs. Kedai titan gel johor bahru. Black 3k male enhancement pills. Titan gel store in cebu city. Titan gel casablanca adresse. Pill male enhancement formula reviews. How to enlarge male organ. Penis enlargement suplements pdf. Kenniwick washington rhino male enhancements. Taurus ltd male enhancement pills. Willy enlargement pills. Male sperm enhancement vitamins. Penis enlargement email. Male enhancement immediate results. Male enhancement pill face warm no does jelquing really enlarge penis fever. Pennis enlarge tablets in india. Easy ways to grow your dick. Extenze male enhancement cream. Male sex organ enlargement. Alamat penjualan titan gel di makassar. Zyrexin male enhancement. Female sexual enhancement supplements. Fast acting male enhancement powerful formula all natural. Sanda oil for penis enlargement. Titanium 4000 male enhancement plus energy. Top 3 male enhancement products 2018. Increase my penis. Titan gel gold saudi arabia. Titan gel uzb. Efek samping cream titan gel. Enlargement worksheet gcse. Average penile growth rate. Black diamond male enhancement reviews. Coconut oil male enhancement. How to increase dick naturally. Ways to enlarge your penis naturally. Best pills for men. Breast enlargement exercises that really works. Best food for penis enlargement. Erx pro male enhancement pills. Get your dick bigger. Male enhancement pills 7k. Side effects male enhancement products. Legit male enhancement. Increase penile thickness naturally. Boost rx male enhancement. Man with biggest enlarged penis. Bigger cock better. The truth about male enhancement products. Chest pain from male enhancement pills cause back. Arabic jelqing exercises pdf. Home remedies for male sexual enhancement. Titan gel contact number. Advances in penis enlargement surgery. Epic male enhancement longer fuller stronger. Can your penis be enlarged. Best male muscle enhancement. How to grow penis fast. Results of male enhancement. Penis enlargement method fast in to weeks. Truemax blue male enhancement pill review. Male enhancement product that contains literal snake oil salesman. Male enhancement pills bodybuilding. Amazon titan gel gold yorumlar. Best otc male sexual enhancement. Bedroom products manufacturer male enhancement. Titan gel skelbiu. Before and after penis enlargement bible. Titan gel en chile funciona. Xtend male enhancement pill review. Male enhancement pdf presentation inurl pdf. Difference between male enhancement pills safe. Ds male enhancement. Primal growth male enhancement reviews. Male enhancement pills online stores near me. Androzene male enhancement. Citrulline for penile enlargement. Kangaroo male enhancement pill. Natronix male enhancement. Male enhancement pills for diabetics. Extension 2 male enhancement reviews. Male enhancement pre workout. How to make your pennis larger. Black mamba male enhancement ingredients. How to grow your hands. How to make your peni bigger naturally fast for free. Which penis enlargement pills work. Enlarge pennis size naturally


text:
Our Approach
We are constantly thriving to become the choicest one-stop source for complete IT solutions including application development and maintenance, product development, QA testing, technical support, and mobility. Our working model is client-specific, highly-collaborative, flexible and tailored to the customer needs. For optimizing the business environment, we focus on engineering smart solutions with least investment and causing least disruption to the workflow of companies.
We put our engineers through a rigorous training round the year to keep them updated on the technology front. We also take this expertise to the clients who need niche training in the areas of cutting-edge training, mobile computing, and cloud computing, to name a few.
Our knowledge-based approach is deeply rooted in our services, helping our clients through extensive field experience and expertise in implementing innovative solutions and maximizing opportunities for growth.


text:
Mix and match with any JUNGL bottom.
Made of soft Italian sustainable ECONYL® fabric.
Ethically produced in Portugal.
Free shipping above €50,- within the Netherlands
€ 42,00
incl. VAT, shipping costs apply
Free shipping to the following countries: Show more Show less
Made of soft Italian sustainable ECONYL® fabric.
ECONYL® is 100% regenerated nylon fibre from fishing nets and other nylon waste.
78% Polyamide
22% Elastane
- No padding
- Double lined
- No fasteners
- Adjustable straps - can be fastened in various ways at the back
- Hand wash – cold water
- UV protection UPF 50+
Model 1: Alexandra is 172cm tall / 82cm bust and wears size S top.
Model 2: Sasha is 171cm tall / 86cm bust and wears size M top.
Are you in between sizes? Choose one size up
Do you want to know why it's called Vaquita? Click here to find out!
Customer service & info
About us