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H.G. Callaway
Schelling and the Background of American Pragmatism:
Franz Josef Wetz, Friedrich W.J. Schelling, zur Einführung,
Hamburg: Junius Verlag, 1996, 264pp. Paperback, DM 24,80
[1] Franz Josef Wetz studied philosophy, German, and theology, first in Mainz and later in Giessen. He is currently Professor of Philosophy at the Pedagogic College (Hochschule) in Schwäbisch Gmünd, and he also works in collaboration with the Thüringen Institute for Teacher Development, Curriculum Development, and Planning. Wetz has a number of books to his credit including Das nackte Dass, zur Frage der Faktizität (1990); Tübinger Triads, Zum Werk von Walter Schulz (1990); Hans Blumenberg, zur Einführung (1993); Lebenswelt und Weltall, Hermeneutik der unabweislichen Fragen (1994); Hans Jonas, zur Einführung (1994); Die Gleichgültigkeit der Welt (1994); and Edmund Husserl, (1995).
[2] The short cover-description of the present book tells that "Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (1775-1854) was one of the formative philosophers of German idealism, whose great service was in the areas of the philosophy of nature, art, and religion." Those having some familiarity with Schelling, and his influence on American philosophy, indirectly via Coleridge and Carlyle and more directly via Emerson and C. S. Peirce, will perhaps not be surprised to learn that German idealism itself looks somewhat different, understanding Schelling's differences with Kant, Fichte, and Hegel; and while the work under review shows no awareness of the distant American influence of Schelling, or American developments in general (except perhaps in some citations of Arthur Lovejoy's The Great Chain of Being), I will take the present opportunity to emphasize connections and possible connections to American philosophy, as allowed by the author's account of Schelling and some further citations.
[3] "The center of gravity" of Schelling's work, "over six decades of untiring creation," shifted or developed "so that the work overall can be viewed as focused on the relation of the Absolute and the finite," according to the cover-description. In this very readable introduction, Wetz "points to the entire development of the thought of this difficult philosopher," and he "shows how the late Schelling overcame the absolutism of the idealist metaphysics of reason," in his account of "the dark will in nature," and "the puzzle of existence." Wetz also clarifies Schelling's influence by tracking "numerous instances where Schelling's ideas lived on as an undercurrent in 19th and 20th century movements of though--whether in the philosophy of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, in Freudian psychoanalysis, in the 'Lebensphilosophie,' and in existentialism." Wetz's approach to Schelling and German idealism draws on work of Eduard von Hartmann and Walter Schulz, concluding that "the late Schelling and the late Fichte, had both gone well beyond Hegel in philosophical reflection, in that they emphasized the finite facticity of absolute reason." According to Schelling, Wetz says, "reality cannot be derived from reason, and chaos, lack of order, impulse and desire partly dominate in reality; these are, in short, unreasoning or irrational powers, which Schelling summarized under his concept of the dark will" (p. 237).
[4] The book consists of 8 numbered chapters plus end notes, a bibliography and a short chronology of Schelling's life and writings. Schelling's sämtliche Werke, published shortly after his death, consists of 14 volumes, but this has been supplemented with other works, and many individual works and collections of letters have been published or republished in recent years. Currently a critical-historical edition is underway which has so far produced 5 volumes. Six volumes of selected works, reprints of early editions, were published by Suhrkamp in 1985. Noteworthy from the secondary literature is mention of Habermas' 1954 dissertation, Das Absolute und die Geschichte, Von der Zweispaltigkeit in Schellings Denken, and works by Thomas Buchheim, Eins von Allem, and Arnold Gehlen, Heidegger's commentary, Schellings Abhandlung über das Wesen der menschlichen Freiheit (recently translated into English by Joan Stambaugh, and said by some to be a key document in Heidegger's "turn." See Baumgartner and Korten, 1996, p. 223), and work of Walter Schulz.
[5] Chapter 1 is a short introduction, to which I shall later return. "The heliocentrism of the I," chapter 2, recounts the early influence of Kant and Fichte on Schelling. Chapter 3, "Consideration of Nature instead of Contempt for Nature," begins the account of Schelling's philosophy of nature, including sections devoted to "Speculative and empirical physics," "Goal-orientation, Organism and the World-Soul," "The Awakening of Spirit in Nature," and lastly "Man and Nature." According to Wetz, Schelling's early philosophy of nature can be understood in terms of Lovejoy's "great chain of being," and the three principles of plenitude, continuity, and hierarchy (p. 41ff.). Yet it departs from traditional Christian conceptions under the influence of Greek, neo-platonic, and Spinozistic concepts.
[6] "The world is described as a well-ordered organism" in Schelling's early work, and "the genuine departure from prior conceptions is that he assumes a power within nature which brings about the phenomena of naturethe heretofore unnamed 'world-soul'" (p. 42). Similar conceptions can be found in Coleridge and Carlyle, in their attractions (and resistance) to Schellingesque, qausi-pantheist ideas, the doctrine of "emendations" in particular, and in the Emersonian discourse of the revelation of the "Over-Soul" in nature and in mankind. Schelling's emphasis on nature, and the study of nature, are obviously congenial to Emerson's similar focus. "It is not to be wondered," Wetz remarks, "that Schelling has sometimes been scolded as a naturalist, for whom nature is all, since in his philosophy of nature there is, in fact, no world-transcendent, personal God who could have brought forth the world from nothing" (pp. 43-44). Schelling's God is equated with "an original force dwelling in nature," but the complaint of naturalism is "ungrounded," in a wider perspective, since Schelling "subjects the entire universe to a all-besouling, divine power" (p. 44).
[7] By adapting Spinoza's distinction between Natura naturans and Natura naturata, Schelling attributes to nature "unconditional reality," in Wetz's words "absolute independence;" and nature is not to be thought of as merely product but also as productive. "The concept of nature encompasses both, nature as product or object, Natura naturata, and nature as productivity or subject, Natura naturans," and this Schelling calls his "Spinozaism of physics," "speculative physics" or "philosophy of nature" (p. 46). In contrast with Spinoza, however, Schelling rejects the conception of nature as a mechanism, and he insists, following Giordano Bruno, on the idea of nature as a living organism. In contrast with Kant, Schelling assigns to purposefully ordered nature being-in-itself, and not mere appearance, thought such purposefulness can only come to be in the understanding, "on the basis of a purposeful and effective spirit" (p. 50).
[8] The spirit in nature, cannot be equated with Fichte's general "I" from the Wissenschaftslehre, since "the basic force" to which the universe owes its original cause and structure differs by its "lack of consciousness;" though "it is really nothing but Fichte's absolute 'I,' projected into nature and robbed of its consciousness" (p. 51). What is basic is an activity, and not something like Spinoza's substance.
[9] Hence it follows that in Schelling's conception, God develops in nature from an original potentiality. Schelling also calls this basic force 'the pure subject-object,' or the objective subject-object, which means the same as Natura naturans or the world-soul" (p. 51). In his address "On the Relation of the Creative Arts to Nature," Schelling says, that nature is "to the spirited researcher alone, the holy, the eternally creative original force of the world which produces all things out of itself and brings forth faithfully" (Schelling 1807, p. 5).
[10] Compare Emerson, "The Over-Soul," (1841): "And this deep power in which we exist, and whose beatitude is all accessible to us, is not only self-sufficing and perfect in every hour, but the act of seeing and the thing seen, the seer and the spectacle, the subject and the object, are one." This passage also bears comparison to Dewey's early idealist writings, as in "The Psychological Standpoint" (1886) where he maintains that consciousness is "the unity of subject and object" (Dewey, Early Works 1, p. 137), and "the unity of the individual and the universal" (EW1, p. 140). This conception of the unity of the "subject-object," in Schelling, is closely related to the concept of truth.
[11] Of course, these and similar comparisons between Schelling and Emerson must attend to the fact that Emerson rarely aims to state his exactly relation to predecessors. "The Bacon, the Spinoza, the Hume, Schelling, Kant, or whosoever propounds to you a philosophy of the mind," says Emerson in "Intellect" (1841), "is only a more or less awkward translator of things in your consciousness, which you have also your way of seeing, perhaps of denominating." Emerson developed his own way, not caring too greatly whether he agreed or disagreed with others in details. Moreover, Emerson's claim that the Over-Soul, "is all accessible to us," is essentially modified in his essay 1844 "Nominalist and Realist," since "the divine Providence,... conceals all the furniture and all the persons that do not concern a particular soul, from the senses of that individual." Emerson's identity (or continuity) of subject and object is thus compatible with considerable pluralism and discontinuity and this in spite of all influence of the neo-platonic doctrine of emanations. It is important to note that Emerson also developed his own version of fallibilism.
[12] In Schelling's relation to Spinoza as recounted by Wetz, we can see how Spinoza's dual attributes are converted into an ambiguity or tension between realism and idealism, not entirely unlike the conflicting reputation of Spinoza as both "atheist" and a "God-intoxicated man." But in place of Spinoza's two "attributes," Schelling argues for two co-equal "basic sciences," the philosophy of nature on the one hand, and transcendental idealism on the other. The related tension in Schelling we can perhaps think of as past on to Peirce as that between his realism and the "Schelling-fashioned idealism," claimed in "The Law of Mind" (1892), "which holds matter to be mere specialized and partially deadened mind" (Peirce, Collected Papers, 6.102). Peirce was aware of the work of Eduard von Hartmann (cf.. CP 2.38, 7.364, 7.366, 7.395), who has come to be seen as an important interpreter of Schelling.
[13] In addition, one should consider Peirce's relationship to Emerson, also mentioned in "The Law of Mind." "I was born and reared in the neighborhood of Concord," says Peirce, "...at the time when Emerson, Hedge, and their friends were disseminating the ideas that they had caught from Schelling, and Schelling from Plotinus, from Boehm, " and though "the atmosphere of Cambridge held many an antiseptic against Concord transcendentalism; ... Nevertheless, it is probable that some cultured bacilli, some benignant form of the disease was implanted in my soul, unawares, and that now, after long incubation, it comes to the surface, modified by mathematical conceptions and by training in physical investigations" (CP 6.102).
[14] There is perhaps also something we can come to see as ultimately past on to Dewey's naturalism, in the form of Schellingesque task of overcoming dualisms. The "highest point of the whole inquiry," in Schellng's Freiheitsschrift, is that "there must be a being before ...any duality at all" (Schelling, in James Gutmann, translator, Schelling, Philosophical Inquiries into the Nature of Human Freedom, p. 87). This is Schelling's denial of "absolute dualism," and a point which Emerson shared with Schelling, belief in "unity in nature and consciousness." Emerson says the following on prayer in "Self-reliance," (1841):
Prayer is the contemplation of the facts of life from the highest point of view. It is the soliloquy of a beholding and jubilant soul. It is the spirit of God pronouncing his works good. But prayer as a means to effect a private end is meanness and theft. It supposes dualism and not unity in nature and consciousness. As soon as the man is at one with God, he will not beg. He will then see prayer in all action. The prayer of the farmer kneeling in his field to weed it, the prayer of the rower kneeling with the stroke of his oar, are true prayers heard throughout nature, though for cheap ends (Emerson 1841, p. 157).If there is "unity in nature and consciousness," as Emerson claims, then prayer cannot be for merely private goods, but must take "the highest point of view." Thus the apparent "idealism" of Emerson's Over-soul is both an ontological claim, rejecting dualism, and a moral claim rejecting the tendency to seek private gain at the expense of what is better. The prayer of the farmer and of the rower are "cheap goods" and not "theft," however, if the good they seek is the best they know.
[15] In later Dewey, "naturalism" is defined in terms of Peircean continuity. "The term 'naturalistic' has many meanings," says Dewey in his 1938 Logic. "As it is here employed it means, on one side, that there is no breach of continuity between operations of inquiry and biological operations and physical operations" ¾inquiry, too is a process in nature, developing from intermediary forms. Dewey explains: "'Continuity,' on the other side, means that rational operations grow out of organic activities, without being identical with that from which they emerge" (Dewey, 1938, LW12, p. 26 ). Though the emphasis on continuity in German idealism goes back at least as far as Leibniz, Peirce's claims for a "Schelling-fashioned" idealism and his criticisms of Hegel, and Dewey's use of the concept suggest the need to explore the relationship between the concept of continuity in the pragmatist tradition and Schelling's philosophy of identity.
[16] Chapter 4 is titled "In pursuit of true Unity," and in his defense of his philosophy of nature against Fichte's Wissenschaftslehre, Schelling's System of Transcendental Idealism (1800), on Wetz's account, "seems to return to the system of Fichte, without stepping back from his positions in the philosophy of nature." For, "the early Schelling was obviously convinced that the overall system of philosophy 'will be first perfected by means of two basic sciences (Grundwissenschaften),' namely transcendental philosophy and the philosophy of nature" (p. 73). This theme contrasts sharply with Fichte's views, who wrote in a letter to Schelling in 1801, "There is no special... realism or philosophy of nature, or anything similar, no truth there, as it were; instead there is in general only One Science, and this is the Wissenschaftslehre" (quoted, p. 71).
[17] In contrast with Fichte, Schelling held that it was the "objective [of the philosophy of nature] to draw the subjective from the objective;" and the task of transcendental philosophy was to work "only in the opposite direction" (p. 73). "Drawing the subjective from the objective," we look for an explanation of the subjective within nature, which seems very naturalistic indeed. Going in the opposite direction, we would seek to explain our (true) representation of nature, on the basis of the "subjective." We want to understand how knowing arises, how it is possible. Notice too Schelling's substitution of the Deweyan sounding "intelligence" for the Fichtean or Kantian "I" (or transcendental ego) in the opening paragraphs of the introduction to his System of Transcendental Idealism (1800).
We can call the quintessence of everything merely objective in our knowledge Nature; the quintessence of everything subjective, on the other hand, is called the "I," or intelligence. The two concepts are set in opposition to one another. Intelligence is originally thought as the merely representing, Nature as the merely representable, the one as the conscious, the latter as without consciousness. There is, however, in all knowing a necessary interpenetrating meeting of both (of the conscious and of the in-itself non-conscious); the task is: to account for this coincidence.The word translated is "Intelligenz." Schelling's opening opposition between the objective and the subjective thus becomes the contrast between "nature" on the one side and "intelligence" on the other. Schelling sets the problems to be addressed in his "philosophy of identity," as developmental problems: to explain how intelligence develops in nature and equally to explain how intelligence comes to represent the world. The suggestion is, of course, that these are somehow two sides of the same coin. It is important to note that transcendental idealism is only part of Schelling's philosophy. Rejecting any ultimate dualism, it must be possible, not only that nature should become intelligent, but also that intelligence can be "naturalized" ¾knowing must be understandable as a natural process.
[18] In chapter 5, "The Divine All, and the Negativity of things," Wetz devotes one section to a discussion of "The Powerlessness and Super-power of the Transient," and included here the reader finds some discussion of the purported emptiness of Schelling's identity of the object and subject. The problem centers on the implausibility of taking "nature, history and art" as "mere forms of appearance of the absolute" (p. 130) in contrast with developments of it. What seems certain is that Schelling modified or developed his philosophy of identity. He complained of misinterpretations and distortion regarding his principle of identity (as indifference): "In the 'groundless' or the 'indifferent' there is indeed no personality; but is the point of origin the whole?" (See Schelling in Gutmann's translation of the Freiheitsschrift, p. 93.) Schelling takes the view that the origin of universal developmental process are identical and not the products of development, and he opposes this conception to any "dualistic" philosophy, "according to which there is assumed to be an evil basic being..." (ibid.). The point is suggestive of a jumping-off place for the themes of continuity, growth, and meliorism in American philosophy from Emerson through Peirce, James, and Dewey, though as Wetz emphasizes, later Schelling seems more existentialist than meliorist. That, surely, is a difference that makes a difference.
[19] Wetz sees Schelling as concerned, early on (1802-1804), with the reality of finitude as a problem, mentioning Schelling's doubts on "the assumed status as appearances of finite things" (p. 131). Interpreting Schelling, Wetz says, "Transience (Vergänglichkeit, 'fleetingness,' perhaps 'precariousness') of all things, and evil, the absurd, the darkness of the world are too powerful, and engaging of our efforts, to count as mere appearance" (p. 131). The theme has persisted in all critical approaches to Absolute Idealism. In consequence of this emphasis, Schelling came to focus more and more on the relation of the finite to the infinite Absolute. Wetz's story of this quest continues in chapter 6, "The Blind Will and the Darkness of 'Matter'," and in his conclusion.
[20] Returning to themes of the introductory first chapter, Wetz remarks there that Schelling was equally "system builder" and a "problem oriented thinker" (p. 7), and doubtlessly, the complexity of Schelling's thought partly explains Peirce's attraction and admiration, even knowing of Peirce's aversion to philosophy oriented to the seminary. "If one wanted to characterize Schelling in a few words, one would have to say," that "he had a speculative mind, with a highly developed sense for reality" (p. 8). Similarly, Peirce once wrote, in a letter to William James, acknowledging a debt to Schelling, that "one thing I admire about him is his freedom from the trammels of system, and his holding himself uncommitted to any previous utterance." In his complexity, Schelling's work resembles that of Peirce himself, as Peirce put it, "in that he is like a scientific man." ( )
[21] One is reminded of Emerson's somewhat similar and quasi-fallibilistic attitude, according to which "foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds," those "adored by little statesmen and philosophers and divines" ("Self-Reliance," 1841). As Stephan Whicher remarked, Emerson's "guiding conviction" was "that the unfettered action of the whole mind bears truth as naturally as a tree bears fruit," which led him to "a radically organic method of thought whose modernity is still not adequately recognized;" and his apparent lack of system is thus the consequence of his refusal "to violate his living multiplicity with an imposed unity" (Whicher 1957, xviii). As with Peirce, and apparently Shelling too, system may emerge from the "living multiplicity" but it is not to be imposed by logical artifice.
[22] What is perhaps an even more significant relation arises from Emerson's reference to Schelling in connection with the themes of freedom and fate. Schelling is mentioned in Emerson's Essay "Fate" (1860). "I find," he says, "the coincidence of the extremes of eastern and western speculation in the daring statement of Schelling, 'there is in every man a certain feeling, that he has been what he is from all eternity, and by no means became such in time.' To say it less sublimely,in the history of the individual is always an account of his condition, and he knows himself to be a party to his present estate" (Emerson 1860, "Fate," p. 352) The corresponding passage in Schelling Freiheitsschrift, reads as follows:
In original creation, as has been shown, man is an undetermined entity (which may be mythologically presented as a condition antecedent to his life, a state of innocence and of initial bliss). He alone can determine himself. But this determination cannot occur in time; it occurs outside of time altogether and hence it coincides with the first creation even though as an act differentiated from it. Man, even though born in time, is nonetheless a creature of creation's beginning (the centrum). The act which determines man's life in time does not itself belong in time but in eternity. Moreover, it does not proceed life in time but occurs throughout time (untouched by it) as an act eternal by its own nature. Through it man's life extends to the beginning of creation, since by means of it he is also more than creature, free and himself eternally beginning. Though this idea may seem beyond the grasp of common ways of thought, there is in every man a feeling which is in accord with it, as if each man felt that he has been what he is from all eternity (Schelling, 1809, in Gutmann, 1936, p. 64).Freedom here is viewed as a consequence of a original self-determination, a kind of derivative co-creation, consequence of God's creation of man. This takes place outside of time, though we view the consequence in time. Whatever interaction there may be in Schelling's scheme, freedom is to be thought of as a matter of something like authentic "unwinding" of the original self-determination. The idea is that freedom consists in a kind of authenticity, expressing the original self-determination. The ideal is to be something in particular, as contrasted with the thought that what we most truly are, and want to be, may arise from our accidental interactions. In contrast to Emerson's departure from Schelling, Baumgartner and Korten interpret the passage from Schelling's Feiheitsschrift as a matter "of a predestination through one's own will, from eternity" (p. 125).
[23] The following Emersonian treatment of fate and freedom or creativity may fairly be viewed as partly reacting to Schelling's treatments of related themes. "The Circumstance is Nature," says Emerson, "Nature is, what you may do." Of course, accounting what we may do also implies limitations: "There is much you may not." In consequence, "We have two things,the circumstance, and the life," (corresponding in degree to Schelling's "Nature" and "Intelligence"). Emersonian self-reliance learned to take circumstances into consideration: "Once we thought, positive power was all. Now we learn, that negative power, or circumstance, is half " (Emerson, "Fate"). "If the light come to our eyes, we see; else not," Emerson argues, connecting circumstances with human powers. "And if truth come to our mind, we suddenly expand to its dimensions, as if we grew to worlds. We are as lawgivers; we speak for Nature; we prophesy and divine" (Emerson, "Fate").
[24] Take away the poetic language, and we have surely lost something of Emerson's power as a writer, yet put in plainer words, Emerson says here that we attain new powers over nature through our insights and understanding of it. Circumstances only control so long as we do not understand our own circumstances as relevant to what we try to do. Thus for Emerson, freedom is not due to an original self-determination, it is far more a matter of thought which allows us to master the circumstances, at any given time. Our powers expand with our understanding of the world around us.
[25] To see an approach to a similar point in Schelling, we must consider that freedom belongs to spirit and necessity to nature, in both Kant and in Spinoza. Yet, the identity philosophy tells us that there is an inner connection between spirit and nature. In Spinoza's system, human freedom is an illusion, though God or Substance is free in the sense of being self-determined. Still, of course, all finite modes are determined as part of the whole. If we are to avoid Spinoza's determinism and Kant's restriction of freedom to the noumenal realm, then such a development requires some new reconciliation of necessity and freedom. Freedom must arise in nature, in such a way that what we are able to do has some (relative) independent of circumstances, nature, God, or the Absolute. It was this problem in Schelling which Emerson responded to, in his own distinctive way. It is as though Schelling makes the Spinozistic "modes" of the one substance into original co-creating and self-determining entities. Freedom for Schelling is a matter of a distinctive origin. Emerson's concept places freedom in self-development, not something fully determined by origins. Authenticity appears to contrast with melioration. "Fate involves the melioration. No statement of the Universe can have any soundness, which does not admit its ascending effort," wrote Emerson (1860, p. 365).
[26] Thomas Carlyle's Schellingesque "Signs of the Times" (1829) with its criticism of contemporary culture as captured by "mechanical principles," "atheism," and "fatalism," would have underscored the Emersonian conviction that "our happiness depends on the mind which is within us, and not on the circumstances" (Carlyle, 1829). Though as transformed by Emerson, this theme need not strike us as suggesting stoic or epicurean withdraw. On the contrary, some recent interpretations of Emerson see his late work, The Conduct of Life (1860) in particular, as leading up to the pragmatist focus on action. (Cf. Robinson 1993).
[27] Emerson argued as follows in a Lecture of 1838, "if I have come into the port of some pretending dogmatism, some new church or old church, some Schelling or Cousin, I have died to all use of these new events," and if anyone does so, "He has just foreclosed his freedom, locked himself up and given the key to another to keep" (Emerson, "The School"). Thus, Emerson's explanation of the riddle of the sphinx is that those who cannot answer the demands of facts by a superior wisdom are bound to "serve them." But if we are true to our "higher instincts," we refuse the dominion of facts; and seeing the principle, "the facts fall aptly and supple into their places" (ibid.).
[28] Similar points abound in the pragmatist tradition, since Emerson's answer to the riddle is essentially melioristic. Emerson's point seems to be reflected in Peirce's metaphysical account of the interaction of mind and matter:
It may be well here to reflect that if matter has no existence except as a specialization of mind, it follows that whatever affects matter according to regular laws is itself matter. But all mind is directly or indirectly connected with all matter, and acts in a more or less regular way; so that all mind more or less partakes of the nature of matter (CP 6.268).According to Peirce, matter is "a specialization of mind," since it is mind hidebound with "habitual" regularity. (It seems we might equally say that mind is matter which has attained to flexibility, in the taking up of habits.) Mind in the normal sense "affects matter according to regular laws," which is to say, among much else, that it gives rise to new regularities in nature, dependent on the recognition of conditioning factors. That "all mind" "partakes of the nature of matter," means that mind itself tends to take up habits. Peirce continues:
Hence, it would be a mistake to conceive of the psychical and the physical aspects of matter as two aspects absolutely distinct (ibid.).Rather than being two aspects, or "attributes" of some underlying reality, mind and matter are developmentally related in the ways that spontaneity and regularity are related. It is within the context of particular laws or regularities that chance or coincidental events normally arise, yet once we understand the conditions which influence the coincidental events, we are able to regulate what had been accidental and create new regularities. "Viewing a thing from the outside, considering its relations of action and reaction with other things, it appears as matter. Viewing it from the inside, looking at its immediate character as feeling, it appears as consciousness." "Viewing from the inside" seems to mean "viewing," that is, encountering things from our own perspectives and in terms of our own funded experience, and this, being more or less unique, gives rise to new coincidences in interaction with a wider world: feeling or consciousness. But what has happened once can be made to happen again. Peirce appears to count himself as an idealist chiefly because chance is "First," which, of course, involves no denial of the reality of matter or physical regularity. (See also Baumgartner and Korten who make a further point relevant to Peirce and Schelling's metaphysics, viz., the latter's "largely unrecognized anticipation of themes such as those of a 'original singularity,' and 'the big bang'..." p. 225.)
[29] Peirce continues his "idealist" treatment of matter:
These two views are combined when we remember that mechanical laws are nothing but acquired habits, like all the regularities of mind, including the tendency to take habits, itself; and that this action of habit is nothing but generalization, and generalization is nothing but the spreading of feelings (ibid.).Peircean intelligence works by the acquisition of habits which allow us to control initial conditions or situations in such a way as to reproduce heretofore chance or accidental events, transforming them into new regularities; and one central element of Peirce's answer to the riddle of the sphinx can be put in one characteristic word, consistent with Emerson's answer: inquiry.
[30] Dewey transforms the point into a plea for communication, as required for inquiry. In Experience and Nature, he says "Of all affairs, communication is the most wonderful. That things should be able to pass from the plane of external pushing and pulling to that of revealing themselves to man, and thereby to themselves; and that the fruit of communication should be participation, sharing, is a wonder by the side of which transubstantiation pales." Here we need to see the social environment of inquiry as a crucial aspect of the general circumstances. This "revealing of things" in communication also promises new powers:
When communication occurs, all natural events are subject to reconsideration and revision; ... Events turn into objects, things with a meaning. ... Brute efficiencies and inarticulate consummations as soon as they can be spoken of are liberated from local and accidental contexts, and are eager for naturalization in any non- insulated, communicating, part of the world" (Dewey, L. W. 1, p. 132).This "naturalization" of "inarticulate consummations," things heretofore only enjoyed and not understood, "liberates" them from "accidental contexts," and what had been merely accidental and precarious becomes subject to control and regularization as a common good.
[31] These points from Emerson, Peirce, and Dewey certainly bear comparison to Schelling's philosophy of history, which goes through three stages, corresponding to Fichte's triadic logic: 1) a primitive stage dominated by fate, 2) a reaction against this which emphasizes the voluntary and active, and 3) a third stage in which a synthesis will occur to balance life in a blending of the actual and the ideal (Cf. Reese 1980, p. 511). Correspondingly in Schelling's account of "the three epochs of self-consciousness," "there is first a stage of sensation, second a stage of self-feeling, and finally a stage of reflection" (p. 76). The three stages correspond roughly to the Peircean categories.
[32] Wetz allows that the "the question of the significance of Schelling for contemporary philosophy is extremely difficult to answer" (p. 12), and he is content to wait and see as contemporary explorations go on. Nor is he silent about the defects often attributed to similar philosophical systems. He stipulates that "the speculative systems of the past never accorded with reality," instead they contained "the dangers of over simplifying complexities and unifying diversity in a violent manner" (ibid.) Beyond that, these systems also made false promises of "absolute conclusiveness" and "apodictic certainty," and "Schelling failed to resist this seduction as well" (ibid.). These points of critical perspective should help make the exploration of Schelling's thought even more inviting from the standpoint of the pluralism and fallibilism of the pragmatist tradition.
[33] Wetz follows von Hartmann and Walter Schultz in rejecting the traditional picture of Schelling as a transitional figure between Kant and Fichte on the one side and leading on to Hegel. Instead he places Schelling between Hegel and Schopenhauer, "at the height of German idealism" (p. 237). "Hegel is a pure panlogist whose dissolves all being and willing into reason, beyond which there is nothing; Schopenhauer on the contrary is a radical voluntarist, for whom reason and thinking are only powerless, marginal appearances of a spiritless, compulsive will, representing the entire reality of the world. In the middle, between the two stands the late Schelling" (p. 237). Generally, contemporary approaches to Schelling also puts him closer to the emphasis on thought and action in the pragmatist tradition. (Cf. Royce on Schelling in Royce 1919, 115ff.)
[34] Schelling's background role first and chiefly enters American philosophy through Emerson and later through Peirce. It is past on from there, leastwise as Emersonian meliorism, to William James, and to Dewey. We tend to think of these three founding figures of the pragmatist tradition as standing in a temporal order: Peirce, James, Dewey. Yet, they were contemporaries until the death of James (1910) and Peirce (1917), all working out their various versions of pragmatism, say, from the mid-1890's to the time of James's death in 1910. (See, in this connection James's late criticism of the "monistic type of all-einheit," in contrast with his pluralistic conception of "synechism," James 1909, p. 325). There is good reason to think that Schelling's work is a common background influence, along with that of the other German idealists, some of whom have over-shadowed Schelling. This background needs to be attended to in some depth, since it mostly worked without explicit references. Wetz's book helps by way of an introduction to Schelling and to new developments in Schelling scholarship.
H. G. Callaway
Seminar for Philosophy
University of Mainz
Works Cited:
(1) Carlyle, Thomas "Signs of the Times" (1829). Reprinted in Alan Shelston, ed, Thomas Carlyle: Selected Writings, London and New York: Penguin Books, 1986, pp. 59-86.
(2) Baumgartner, Hans Michael and Harald Korten, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, Munich: Verlag C. H. Beck, 1996.
(3) Dewey, John (1886) "The Psychological Standpoint," reprinted in John Dewey, The Early Works, 1882-1898, Vol. 1, pp. 122-143.
(4) Dewey, John (1927) Experience and Nature. Reprinted in John Dewey, The Later Works, 1925- 1953, Vol. 1.
(5) Dewey, John (1938) Logic: The Theory of Inquiry. Reprinted in John Dewey, The Later Works, 1925-1953, Vol. 12.
(6) Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1838) "The School." Reprinted in Spiller, Robert E. and Wallace E. William eds, The Early Lectures of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Vol. III, 1838-1842, Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1972, pp. 34-50.
(7) Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1841) "The Over-Soul," in Essays, First Series. Reprinted in Carl Bode, ed. The Portable Emerson, New York: Penguin Books, 1981, pp. 209-27.
(8) Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1841) "Intellect" in Essays, First Series. Reprinted in Essays and Poems, Ralph Waldo Emerson, London: Everyman, 1995, pp. 157-68.
(9) Emerson, Ralph Waldo, (1841) "Self-Reliance," in Essays, First Series. Reprinted in Carl Bode, ed. The Portable Emerson, New York: Penguin Books, 1981, pp. 138-64.
(10) Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1844) "Nominalist and Realist" in Essays, Second Series. Reprinted in Essays and Poems, Ralph Waldo Emerson, London: Everyman, 1995, pp. 287-300.
(11) Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1860) "Fate," in The Conduct of Life. Reprinted in Carl Bode, ed. The Portable Emerson, New York: Penguin Books, 1981, pp. 346-74.
(12) James, William (1909) A Pluralistic Universe. Reprinted, Lincoln Nebraska: University of NebraskaPress,1996.
(13) Peirce, C. S. (1892) "The Law of Mind." Reprinted in Hartshorne, Charles, Paul Weiss and Arthur W. Burks eds, The Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980, 6.102-6.163.
(14) Reese, W. L. (1980) "Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph," in Dictionary of Philosophy and Religion, New Jersey: Humanities Press, pp. 511-512.
(15) Robinson, David M. (1993) Emerson and the Conduct of Life, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
(16) Royce, Josiah (1919) Lectures on Modern Idealism, New Haven and London: Yale University Press,1964.
(17) Schelling, F. W. J. (1800) System des transzendentalen Idealismus, Brandt, H. D. and Peter Mueller eds., Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 1992.
(18) Schelling, F. W. J. (1807) Über das Verhältnis der bildenden Künste zu der Natur, Sziborsky, L. ed., Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 1983.
(19) Schelling, F. W. J. (1809) Philosophical Inquiries into the Nature of Human Freedom, (Translated by James Gutmann), La Salle Illinois: Open Court,1936.
(20) Wetz, Franz Josef (1996) Friedrich W. J. Schelling, zur Einführung, Hamburg: Junius Verlag.
(21) Whicher, Stephen E. (1957) "Introduction" to Selections from Ralph Waldo Emerson, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, pp. xiii-xxi.
END OF: Callaway, "Schelling and the Background of American Pragmatism"
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text:
Last night some of us watched "Criminal Minds" with a heavy heart.
Soon there will be no more new episodes.
This is its last season.
That means, in a number of weeks, there will be no more Wheels-Up to solve new cases.
The episode had a convoluted plot. That even contained a reach-back to a former episode. It was hard to keep all that straight.
The writers might be getting tired. But, all is forgiven. Unlike the final days of "Desperate Housewives" when the plot lines became bizarre, I am not getting annoyed. I love the members of the team at the BAU too much. We all do, don't we.
Who will we miss the most?
For me it will be Penelope Garcia. She's a hybrid of empathic and IT genius.
Of course, there are the reruns, as currently on ION. That will be as good as it gets.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Leader of the right-wing Christian Social Party when Dollfuss was murdered by Nazi putschists, Schuschnigg served as...
by Kurt von Schusclmigg
RELEASE DATE: July 26, 1971
Leader of the right-wing Christian Social Party when Dollfuss was murdered by Nazi putschists, Schuschnigg served as Chancellor from 1934 to the Anschluss in 1938. While at times he suggests here that Hitler's onslaught was a surprise and he did what he could to avoid it, the strong impression gained from this memoir is that he carried out Dollfuss's policy of actively suppressing Schutzbund, the Social Democrats' armed formation and other pro-republican defense groups, while he allowed the fascist Heimwehr militia to operate with the assistance of the police and of Mussolini, his cosignator of the Rome Protocols in 1934 and 1936. Schuschnigg instituted a semifascist corporative state and usually moved right when threatened by the left Social Democrats and Communists; thus against Hitler's pretext for invasion in 1938, he argues that no intervention was necessary since there was no threat from the workers. Only a month before Schuschnigg had met with Hitler and given the Austrian Nazis cabinet posts, including the Ministry of the Interior. Schuschnigg spent the war years in a concentration camp; after his liberation in 1945, the Americans did not let him return to Austria, and he became professor of international law and contemporary diplomatic history at St. Louis University. His writing is severely disorganized and at times simply befuddled to the point that only readers with previous knowledge and interest will sort out the isolated facts and unexplained references. Despite his role, he makes no strenuous attempt to alibi himself, though he disappointingly omits most details of his diplomatic encounters with the French, British and Americans as well as inside details of his dealings with Mussolini. Of interest to specialists as a primary source, the book cannot stand as a self-contained account of Austria's fall.
Pub Date: July 26, 1971
Page Count: -
Publisher: Atheneum
Review Posted Online: N/A
Kirkus Reviews Issue: July 1, 1971
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text:
How to record a contact pair's contact information
Hey there,
I am trying to track a contact pair's contact information in order to analyze the contact model.
The information I want to know is the contact force(normal and tangential) at continuous time steps, and the total contact duration time.
I want to output them in a TXT file.
Question information
- Language:
- English Edit question
- Status:
- Answered
- For:
- Yade Edit question
- Assignee:
- No assignee Edit question
- Last query:
- 2020-01-09
- Last reply:
- 2020-01-09
|Jérôme Duriez (jduriez) said :
Assuming your contacts physics are (or derive from) NormShearPhys, contact forces components are
- contact.
- contact.
See [1] and the line after
As for the txt output, see [2] and plot.saveDataTxt() [3] as well as the whole world wide web for Python Input/Output to text files (Yade terminal is Python terminal)
[1] https:/
[2] https:/
[3] https:/
Can you help with this problem?
Provide an answer of your own, or ask jasperb for more information if necessary.


text:
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I love Melissa Moore
Her name is Ember Snow
Damn hot video, but that he's got a weird pubic hair situation down there...
This is why I watch porn on mute.Fucking degenerates lol.
There are alot of big bellies there!
Lana Rhoades blue eyes long brown hair gorgeous 19 here 5'3 114 lbs fun sized 34D-23-34 tits and nipples to die for ass and legs as well as flawless skin make her one of the hottest in porn this is a great video I'm not going to try and describe it because I could never do this video justice. Just watch it you are going to love it or if you already have you already know how hot it is. Lana should get the slut of the year award. Could she be any hotter ... DrRyan (Ash) MUST WATCH ****
Vicki is so fucking sexy I don't know how to describe it


text:
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text: Harghita County is situated in central Romania and it`s home to over 300.000 people, most of the Hungarians. Evangelical born again Christian are about 350 persons and the rest are in great spiritual darkness. A couple of evangelical Christians from Borsec, that have been praying for a spiritual revival in their county for years, invited us to help them in an evangelizing campaign in a few unevangelized areas. We accepted the challenge. We organized a few meetings in Tulghes, Capul Corbului and Corbul. Although the participants weren`t very numerous, a lot more heard the Gospel in their homes because of our sound amplification system. We held our meetings outdoors. In one village, the local orthodox priest was very dissatisfied and annoyed because of our meeting. In another village, another orthodox priest reported us to the police, but because we had all our documentation and legal forms in order they couldn`t do anything to us. We gave the participants CDs with sermons and New Testaments. God is waiting for men and women, filled with the Holy Spirit to invade Harghita County with their preaching so that great multitudes can be won for Christ.


text:
Sold Out
Bring Pearl the Boba Milk Tea into your bathroom with our new Bathmat! Let Pearl spark joy every time you step out of the shower onto her smiling face and squish your toes into the boba tea pearls. The perfect size for any bathroom, the Boba Tea Bathmat is cut perfectly to size, even including the little straw on top.
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Had a pre-order in my total purchase so I understand that they want to send everything at once. But once I got the email that my stuff was shipped, it got here in less than a week. And everything comes in top condition.
I love the boba mat. Absolutely adorable but the quality is little lacking. For the price, a nonslip grip surface should be added to the bottom of mat considering its supposed to be a bath mat. And the surface of mat doesn't look very water absorbing. Would like a adorable long lasting bath mat.
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text:
eos products are protected by intellectual property rights around the world, including but not limited to the below-listed U.S. Patents and E.U. registered Community designs (RCD). The following is provided to satisfy the constructive notice provisions of various jurisdictions, including but not limited to the patent marking provisions of 35 U.S.C. § 287 and notice provisions of U.K. Community Design Regulations 2005/2339. By specifically listing certain intellectual property rights for certain eos products below, eos makes no representation that other relevant intellectual property rights do not exist or may be pending nor that other eos products not listed here may be protected by one or more intellectual property rights.
The eos products listed below are protected by one or more of the noted intellectual property rights.


text:
Published on October 4 2019 10:31 pm
Last Updated on October 5 2019 1:46 pm
Written by Greg Sapp
The Effingham Hearts are playoff-bound following a 42-0 victory over the Mattoon Green Wave Friday night. The win made it a Happy Homecoming for the Hearts, who improved to 6-0 on the season and 4-0 in the Apollo Conference. The contest was heard on 979XFM and www.979xfm.com.
It's the third straight season the Hearts have reached the playoffs.
Effingham scored early and often, enough that the game was played with a continuous clock for the entire second half.
The Hearts scored on a 14-yard touchdown grab by Jett Gillum, a 42-yard reception by Tristin Duncan, three straight touchdown runs by Chase Woomer of eight, 12 and five yards, and an eight-yard catch by Holden Lewis.
Effingham racked up 17 first downs to seven for Mattoon, 10 by rushing and seven by passing for the Hearts; two by rushing and five by passing for Mattoon. The Green Wave ran 55 plays for 45 for Effingham, but the Hearts generated 329 yards in offense to 84 yards for Mattoon.
The Hearts rushed the ball 30 times for 178 yards and three touchdowns. Mattoon rushed the ball 25 times for -64 yards.
Effingham tried 15 passes and completed 10 for 151 yards and three scores. Mattoon attempted 30 passes and completed 11 for 148 yards.
Woomer, in addition to his three scores, rushed 16 times for 134 yards. Quarterback Nathan Shackelford rushed seven times for 34 yards, Keegan Baker carried five times for 14 yards and Trevor Donsbach rushed twice for -4 yards.
Shackelford had another good night as far as percentage of completions, hitting on 10 of 15 attempts. Duncan had four catches for 92 yards and a touchdown, Cameron Kalber had two grabs for 14 yards, Gillum caught a 14-yard touchdown pass, Jacob Briggerman caught a 13-yard pass, and Lewis had two grabs for 18 yards and a touchdown.
Also for the Hearts: Dawson Whitten punted three times for 85 yards; Ivan Angel had seven kickoffs for 345 yards; and Hayvin Prather recovered a fumble.
Here's a look at the tackle sheet: Austin Herboth had three sacks, four tackles, a forced fumble and 13 yards in lost yardage; Alex Baughman had five tackles and two yards in lost yardage; Gunnar Franklin one tackle; Chase Woomer one tackle; Jacob Stoneburner five tackles; Jakob Logan three tackles; Logan Arend two tackles; Hayvin Prather two tackles; Dawson Whitten two tackles and a sack; Mason Hasty one tackle; Logan Brown one sack for a six-yard loss; Luke Spencer one tackle; Gabe Kihne one sack and one tackle; Parker Wolfe one tackle; Damon Kalber one tackle; Trevon Benavides two tackles; Derek Lemna one tackle; Tristen Elkin one tackle and one sack; Payton Simmons one tackle; Bryce Ikemire one tackle; Zac Slifer one tackle; Shawn Cochran one tackle
The Hearts are in the playoffs, but still have big goals; one of which is an Apollo Conference championship. To assure that, Effingham has to win at Taylorville and at Mt. Zion in the next two weeks. Both Taylorville and Mt. Zion were undefeated until Friday night when Mt. Zion defeated Taylorville 31-14.


text:
Microsoft recently created a stir after revealing it was taking some ideas from the popular Rust programming language to create a new language for 'safe infrastructure programming' under the banner Project Verona. Matthew Parkinson, a Microsoft researcher from the Cambridge Computer Lab in the UK, detailed Project Verona for the first time in a talk late last year and promised that Microsoft would open-source the project soon.
Microsoft Research has now followed through and open-sourced Project Verona on GitHub, offering a few more details about the project and its ambitions for building safer systems through better memory management, compartmentalization, and "pervasive sandboxing". Project Verona is also being aided by academics at Imperial College London.
[Source: ZDNet]


text:
Please download the CNSM CFP flyer here:
Paper Submission: June 21, 2020
Acceptance Notification: August 8, 2020
Camera Ready Due: August 30, 2020
Conference: November 2-6, 2020
Authors are invited to submit original contributions that have not been published or submitted for publication elsewhere. Papers should be prepared using the IEEE 2-column conference style and are limited to 8 pages excluding references (full papers) or 4 pages excluding references (short papers). They have to be submitted electronically in PDF format through EDAS. Papers exceeding page limits, multiple submissions, and self-plagiarized papers will be rejected without further review. All other papers will sustain a thorough single-blind review process, followed by a rebuttal phase.


text:
Report to the Community
We are pleased to provide you with the Hotchkiss Brain Institute's 2017-18 Report to the Community, an annual update on the HBI's activities.
All that we do at the HBI is guided by our strategic plan, which is built on our strengths in research, education, and collaborative community partnerships. In this year's report, we showcase some of the outstanding efforts and accomplishments of our scientists, clinicians, fellows, students and technicians in these three focus areas, always keeping our vision in mind: healthy brains for better lives.
If you would like to receive a printed copy of our most recent issue, or to be added to our mailing list for future publications, please email firstname.lastname@example.com or call 403.220.3558.


text:
39.4x39.4x1.6 in ~ Painting, Oil
For my conspirators I want a group of men who are always up to something, always plotting, looking for a deal. I want a desperado feel to it. I want a bully in there but I like him to get his comeuppance (there is always a bully somewhere) and a boss with all his hangers-on, the people who do the bosses bidding, but maybe looking for a way to become the boss.
Here the boss is holding a key and he's thinking really hard, we don't know what it's about we will have to guess but you can be sure of one thing someone he will be up to no good.
Reproductions, Canvas prints, Metal Print


text:
Carrie Fisher reportedly went into massive cardiac arrest on Friday (Dec. 23, 2016) on a plane.
According to TMZ, sources said Fisher, who has been on a book tour, was on a flight from London to L.A. when she suffered the heart attack.
The site reports the emergency occurred 15 minutes before the plane landed in L.A. An EMT happened to be on board and was able to administer CPR, and when the plane landed just after noon, paramedics rushed her to a nearby hospital.
UPDATE: (5:00PM PST): Todd Fisher told the AP that his sister was "out of emergency" and stabilized at an L.A. hospital. No further details were offered.
Story developing…
See more at: http://www.celebuzz.com/2016-12-23/report-carrie-fisher-suffers-heart-attack-on-airplane/


text:
The Chronicle
Sifelani Tsiko and Ellen Chasokela, Harare Bureau
RAINS are returning as a cloud band moves east from Botswana, with the Meteorological Services Department warning of isolated thunderstorms in Matabeleland South and Masvingo provinces.
The department urged people to take precautions.
In a statement, the MSD said isolated thunderstorms remained a possibility as the moisture continues to spread eastward across the country.
"Due to moisture-associated with a cloud band over Western Zambia into Botswana; isolated thunderstorms occurred in Matabeleland North and Matabeleland South provinces, with Victoria Falls and Plumtree recording 8mm and 4mm respectively," said the department.
"Cool moist winds from the South-East of the country have begun strengthening. The provinces of Masvingo, Matabeleland South and Manicaland should be cloudy and cold with light drizzle in places.
"Matabeleland North, Bulawayo Metropolitan, northern areas of the Midlands and parts of Mashonaland West expect mostly cloudy and humid with isolated thunderstorms.
"Elsewhere it should be mostly sunny and hot. Isolated evening thunderstorms remain a possibility as the moisture continues to spread eastward across the country.''
The MSD urged citizens to take the necessary precautions during this period.
"Mindful of these strong winds; remain indoors when roof tops have been blown off and hide under desks or tables," it said.
"It has been proven that thatched huts are more resistant to wind than metal or tile roofed houses. Do not hide under isolated trees during storm activity.
"Persons in malaria prone areas (like Chiredzi and all places in the Zambezi valley) should take necessary precautions (insecticides spraying, applying mosquito repellents, sleeping under mosquito nets).
"High temperatures provide a conducive environment for breeding of mosquitoes during the rainy season."


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How does cpanel-based hosting work?
For your info, it's useful to know that the majority of the cPanel-based web hosting offerings on the present webspace hosting marketplace are provided by a very insubstantial marketing segment (as far as annual capital flow is concerned) named hosting reseller. Reseller web page hosting is a kind of a small-scale marketing niche, which supplies a huge quantity of different web hosting brands, yet supplying one and the same services: mainly cPanel web hosting services. This is bad news for everyone. Why? Because at least 98 percent of the web hosting offerings on the whole site hosting market supply the very same solution: cPanel. There's no variety at all. Even the cPanel site hosting prices are identical. Quite similar. Giving those who demand a top web hosting service practically no other site hosting platform/site hosting CP alternative. Thus, there is simply one fact: out of more than 200,000 web page hosting trademarks worldwide, the non-cPanel based ones are less than 2 percent! Less than 2 percent, mind that one...
200,000 "site hosting suppliers", all cPanel-based, yet differently labeled
The web hosting "diversity" and the site hosting "offerings" Google shows to all of us boil down to just one and the very same thing: cPanel. Under 100's of 1000's of different webspace hosting trademarked names. Suppose you are just a normal chap who's not well aware of (as most of us) with the web page making processes and the web page hosting platforms, which actually power the various domain names and web portals . Are you ready to make your web hosting decision? Is there any web hosting option you can settle on? Of course there is, at the moment there are more than 200k web space hosting firms out there. Officially. Then where is the problem? Here's where: more than 98% of these more than two hundred thousand different web space hosting brands in the world will give you literally the same cPanel website hosting CP and platform, dubbed differently, with strictly the same price tags! WOW! That's how huge the variety on today's webspace hosting marketplace is... Full stop.
The website hosting LOTTERY we are all part of
Simple mathematics reveals that to stumble upon a non-cPanel based web hosting distributor is an immense strike of luck. There is a less than 1 in 50 chance that a phenomenon like that will take place! Less than one in fifty...
The advantages and disadvantages of the cPanel-based webspace hosting solution
Let's not be cruel with cPanel. At least, in the years 2001-2004 cPanel was modern and perhaps answered most webspace hosting industry prerequisites. To put it briefly, cPanel can do the job for you if you have only a single domain to host. But, if you have more domains...
Drawback Number One: An idiotic domain folder system
If you have 2 or more domain names, though, be very watchful not to delete completely the add-on ones (that's how cPanel will call each next hosted domain name, which is not the default one: an add-on domain name). The files of the add-on domain names are very easy to erase on the server, since they all are situated into the root folder of the default domain name, which is the very popular public_html folder. Each add-on domain name is a folder situated inside the folder of the default domain. Like a sub-folder. Next time attempt not to remove the files of the add-on domain names, please. See for yourself how amazing cPanel's domain folder structure is:public_html (here my-default-domain.com is situated)
public_html/my-family (a folder part of my-default-domain.com)
public_html/my-second-domain.com (an add-on domain)
public_html/my-second-wife (a folder part of my-default-domain.com)
public_html/my-second-wife.net (an add-on domain name)
public_html/my-third-domain.com (an add-on domain)
public_html/my-third-wife (a folder part of my-default-domain.com)
public_html/my-third-wife.net (an add-on domain)
public_html/rebeka (a folder part of my-default-domain.com)
public_html/rebeka.my-third-wife.net (a sub-domain of an add-on domain)
Are you getting confused? We undeniably are!
Disadvantage Number 2: The very same e-mail folder system
The email folder structure on the web hosting server is precisely the same as that of the domain names... Repeating the same error twice?!? The admin blokes firmly fortify their faith in God when managing the e-mail folders on the e-mail server, hoping not to bungle things up too harshly.
Weak Side Number Three: An utter deficiency of domain name manipulation menus
Do we have to mention the utter shortage of a contemporary domain manipulation GUI - a place where you can: register/move/renew/park or manage domains, alter domains' Whois details, protect the Whois info, edit/set up name servers (DNS) and Domain Name System records? cPanel does not incorporate such a "contemporary" interface at all. That's an enormous drawback. An inexcusable one, we would like to add...
Weak Side Number Four: Many user login places (min two, max 3)
What about the need for an additional login to make use of the invoicing transaction, domain name and tech support management user interface? That's apart from the cPanel account login credentials you've been already provided by the cPanel site hosting company. Occasionally, based on the invoicing transaction system (particularly built for cPanel exclusively) the cPanel web hosting service provider is utilizing, the earnest clients can end up with 2 additional login locations (1: the billing transaction/domain administration GUI; 2: the trouble ticket support user interface), ending up with a total of three login places (including cPanel).
Negative Side No.5: 120+ webspace hosting Control Panel areas to learn... rapidly
cPanel presents for your consideration more than one hundred and twenty departments inside the web site hosting CP. It's a fabulous idea to pick up each one of them. And you'd better get to know them swiftly... That's inordinately impudent on cPanel's side.
With all due recognition, we have a rhetorical question for all cPanel hosting providers:
As far as we know, it's not the year 2001, is it? Mind that one as well...


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Essay authors transition is term present customers, theme the. I want to sidney a withdrawal wie kann man gutes answer verdienen. Further, service quality the also facilitates inter-personal, intra-organizational and inter-organizational bradshaw encounters Svensson, Of course, the was also a thesis of pride. There must first come a further revision by historical scholars, and through them of public opinion From:
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Sidney Bradshaw Fay Thesis — southshorechorale. Pashitch was aware of the plot three weeks before it was executed, failed to take effective steps to prevent the assassins from crossing over from Serbia to Bosnia, and then failed to give Austria any warning or information which might have averted the fatal crime, were facts unknown to Austria in July, ; they cannot therefore be regarded as in any way justifying Austria's conduct; but they are part of Serbia's responsibility, and a very serious part.
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The great war the sidney bradshaw fay thesis answers
The great war the sidney bradshaw fay thesis worksheet answers He refused even to tehsis his own ally's urgent requests to come to an under-standing with Russia, on the basis of a military occupation of Belgrade as a pledge that Serbia would carry out the promises in her reply to the ultimatum. Pashitch was aware of the plot three weeks before it was executed, failed to take effective steps to prevent the assassins from crossing over from Serbia to Bosnia, and then failed bradahaw give Austria any warning or information which might have averted the fatal crime, were facts unknown to Austria in July, ; they cannot therefore be regarded as in any way justifying Austria's conduct; but they are part of Serbia's responsibility, and a very serious part.
Study 16 The Great War: I use Smart Collections in Lightroom, great is a way to automatically sidney answers into groups: President Poincare, upon his return to France, made efforts for peace, but thesiz great preoccupation w as to minimize French and Russian preparatory measures and emphasize those of Germans, brsdshaw order to secure the certainty of British sup-port in a struggle which he now regarded as inevitable.
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RAD CYCLE FIT started out as Rad Coaching in 2000, and was originally setup to assist the Rad Multisports Club with a qualified Triathlon Coach. With a change to the off-road scene in 2007 I added Mountain Bike Coach and Personal Trainer to my qualifications. I have always offered bicycle fitting and setup, and has always been a favorite part of the business for me, especially the Time Trial - Triathlon position, so when I decided not to carry on with the hands on Coaching part of the business, I changed to Rad Cycle Fit which seemed a more appropriate name for the business of bicycle fitting and fitness.
Bike fitting is a very personal thing, and I really believe that a computer cannot give you the ultimate fitting. So with a basic setup to start, it can then be adjusted to suit the type and style of riding each individual will be doing. Each individual's flexibility is such a major part of how the bike is setup. All bike fits should start with the feet first then work up to saddle and handlebars. This is why I have added a larger range of BikeFit products, which contain cleat wedges, leg length shims and in the shoe wedges to help correct feet position and leg discrepancies.


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Research Output per year
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics where Jeffrey McCullough is active. These topic labels come from the works of this person. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
- 13 Similar Profiles
Recent external collaboration on country level. Dive into details by clicking on the dots.
Research Output
Barriers and facilitators to intraorganizational collaboration in public health: Relational coordination across public health services targeting individuals and populationsMcCullough, J. M., Eisen-Cohen, E. & Lott, B., Jan 1 2020, In : Health care management review. 45, 1, p. 60-72 13 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Association of Presence of a School Nurse With Increased Sixth-Grade Immunization Rates in Low-Income Arizona Schools in 2014–2015McCullough, J., Sunenshine, R., Rusinak, R., Mead, P. & England, B., Jan 1 2019, (Accepted/In press) In : Journal of School Nursing.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Cost Analysis of 3 Concurrent Public Health Response Events: Financial Impact of Measles Outbreak, Super Bowl Surveillance, and Ebola Surveillance in Maricopa CountyMcCullough, J., Fowle, N., Sylvester, T., Kretschmer, M., Ayala, A., Popescu, S., Weiss, J. & England, B., Jul 1 2019, In : Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP. 25, 4, p. 357-365 9 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Declines in spending despite positive returns on investment: Understanding public health's wrong pocket problemMcCullough, J., Jan 1 2019, In : Frontiers in Public Health. 7, JUN, 159.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Comment/debate
Government Health and Social Services Spending Show Evidence of Single-Sector Rather Than Multi-Sector Pursuit of Population HealthMcCullough, J., Jun 1 2019, In : Inquiry (United States). 56
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Best Public Health Systems Research Abstract
Jeffrey McCullough (Recipient), Jun 2016
Prize: Prize (including medals and awards)
Dean's Outstanding Graduate
Jeffrey McCullough (Recipient), Jun 2014
Prize: Prize (including medals and awards)
Finalist, RWJF National Award for Outstanding Epidemiology Practice in Addressing Racial and Ethnic Disparities
Jeffrey McCullough (Recipient), Jun 2018
Prize: Prize (including medals and awards)
Projects per year
Exploring Mechanisms to Facilitate Goal Alignment and Goal Attainment Among Multisector Stakeholders
Riley, W., Runger, G., Pine, K., Shafer, M. & McCullough, J.
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
8/1/18 → 7/31/20
Project: Research project
Positioning the Safety Net ADvancement Center for Sustainability 30007902
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
10/15/17 → 9/30/20
Project: Research project
Phase III - Investigating Waste in the US Health Care System
Anonymous Donor - Private Foundation
9/1/19 → 3/1/20
Project: Research project
Phase I-II - Investigating Waste in the US Health Care System
Arizona State University Foundation (ASUF)
2/1/18 → 8/31/19
Project: Research project
Census Bureau Spending Data Project
OTHER: Domestic Non-ABOR University
12/1/17 → 11/14/19
Project: Research project


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We started on an internal group project this week. There's been much talks going around in the form of issues and discussion threads, but not much has actually been committed into the repo itself.
The internal group project basically a re-implementation of an existing system here: http://zenit.senecac.on.ca/~chris.tyler/planet/. This website gathers blog feeds from all subscribed users and put them in one place. It's easy for someone, for example, a professor, to read all of Seneca student's blogs in one place without leaving the webpage to visit each site one by one.
https://github.com/Seneca-CDOT/telescope. Here lies the code repo. I've started one issue here: https://github.com/Seneca-CDOT/telescope/issues/5 with the purpose of committing some basic materials into the repository to get us started with. I have went over to the old website, reverse engineered the html source code, css and some pictures and put them into the repo in this PR: https://github.com/Seneca-CDOT/telescope/pull/9.
This PR is meant as a starting point of front-end/UI design. It is by no means the finished project, nor did it ever had that purpose. Moving forward, through analysing the html code for the website, people can now change it into a template, replacing the "ipsum lorem" placeholder text with data they intend to pass in. The pictures can be replaced/exchanged, the css can be modified. Even the entire thing can be replace with react/angular or whatever front end technology the want to use.
But the point is, without something to exist in the project to get us started, it's difficult for people to actually move forward. All the talks are in the air, with people arguing over "react vs angular", "npm vs yarn" and blahblah. With something concrete, a.k.a. CODE in the repository, people will have something to refer to, and have more meaning discussions with actual content/materials to back up their point of argument.
My second thought is that this is a traditional re-implementation project. Which means, we are building something new to replace the old one, and we are eventually going to decommission the old one. In simplest terms, the new project needs to include all the requirements/functionalities of the old project, plus maybe something new. One phenomenon that I see is that people tends to rush ahead and start designing for the new project, without even knowing the details of all the things that the old project offers. This can result in a product that might have all the updated technology and shiny new looks, but actually one or more of the core functionalities have been forgotten/lost in the move.
Lastly, it is extremely important to involve end users in a project right off the bat. Who are the end users of this project? I actually have no idea. Is it meant mostly for the profs? Perhaps some students? Or can we even extend that further to the alumni? I mean, the website is on the world wide web, which means anyone with an internet connection should be able to visit. Whoever they are, it's important to involve them, listen to their thoughts and needs, and extract functionalities and requirements from them before we dive nose-deep. However, I don't see this "user consultation" step being performed at all for our internal group project. I like to interpret the making of this project as a group of programmers/designers sitting in a dark room, who think they have the best idea of what a website should look like for collecting blogs in one spot without the involvement of any end-users whatsoever.


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50 Best Company Profile Templates 2016 .pdf
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Best 50 Company Profile Templates 2016
Businesses need to have company profile templates that stand out and appeal to the masses and
their market in order for them to become successful and help achieve their goals to keep profits
coming in and not go out of business. Today, 50 of the best corporate profile brochures and
templates have been gathered to help business owners make the most out of what they spend
from these templates and make the right decisions of choosing one for their own good. Well then,
let's not waste time and check them out right now.
Top 50 Corporate Profile Templates
1. Business Brochure Template
This features easy to use, print ready, clean design and 18-page brochure templates that is
available in A4 size along with free top quality fonts.
Download it at http://graphicriver.net/item/business-brochure-template/14824582?
Price $12
2. Company Business Profile //2016
This brochure template offers a 16-page, print ready format with a clean and modern
layout. Download it at http://graphicriver.net/item/company-businessprofile-2016/14820437?s_rank=2. Price $14
3. Pure Keynote Presentation Template
This one provides its users with 7 premade color schemes and more than 100 handcrafted
slides. Download it at http://graphicriver.net/item/pure-keynote-presentation-template/
14817479?s_rank=3 Price $15
4. The Business Brochure Template
This is one of the better company profile format for brochures that is available in the
market today by providing a 24-page, multi-color scheme template. Download it at http://
graphicriver.net/item/the-business-brochure-template/14806294?s_rank=4 Price $16
5. Annual Report 2016
This product is compatible with InDesign, .indd(CS6) and .idml (CS4 and CS5), offering
templates in multicolor, organized layers and letter size format. Download it at http://
graphicriver.net/item/annual-report-2016/14768982?s_rank=5 Price $15
6. Corporate Annual Report Brochure
This business profile template is made available in A4 and Letter size with 24pp In
Design document. Download Link: http://graphicriver.net/item/corporate-annual-reportbrochure/14774858?s_rank=6 Price $17
7. Great Ideas 2-in-1 Keynote
Description: This product offers one master keynote and two album keynote template.
Download it at http://graphicriver.net/item/great-ideas-2-in-1-keynote-template-bundle/
14786900?s_rank=7 Price: $20
8. Corporate Brochure
The package includes sample of company profile developed with organized layers in 24
pages, multicolor design and A4 size paper. Download it at http://graphicriver.net/item/
corporate-brochure/14768877?s_rank=8 Price $16
9. Business Bifold Brochure
The package includes company profile templates featuring A4 size paper format, free top
quality fonts, detailed help guide and different file sources. Download it at http://
graphicriver.net/item/business-bifold-brochure-/14764483?s_rank=9 Price $9
10. Construction Services Poster Template Volume 2
This product features layered design capabilities and graphic files from Photoshop PSD.
Download it at http://graphicriver.net/item/construction-services-poster-templatevol2/14750363?s_rank=10 Price $6
11. Corporate Brochure
It is an easy to edit and ready to print in term of corporate profile templates that let you
customize your profile and to be remembered. Download it at http://graphicriver.net/item/corporatebrochure/14746354?s_rank=11 Price $18
12. Company Profile Brochure Bi-Fold Template Vol.42
Check out this template for a great bi-fold brochure with many great features and functions to
enjoy and maximize the results. Download it at http://graphicriver.net/item/company-profilebrochure-bifold-template-vol42/14746144?s_rank=12 Price $9
13. Corporate Business Brochure
It is an editable and easy to print brochure to use for your company profile or marketing material.
Check it out and see if it is for you today! Download it at http://graphicriver.net/item/corporatebusiness-brochure/14737407?s_rank=13 Price $18
14. Tri Fold
The tri fold is a minimalistic and clean design that is well-organized in presentation of your
company history, profile, products and services. Download it at http://graphicriver.net/item/trifoldbrochure/14736705?s_rank=14 Price $9
15. Business Brochure
The product is an editable and impressive template designed to help your business stand out.
Check it out and be impressed by its wide range of features. Download it at http://graphicriver.net/
item/business-brochure/14734303?s_rank=15 Price $18
16. Brochure Bundle
This is one of the best corporate profile templates in terms of a clean and elegant design your
customers will love. Check it out and see if you will love its interesting concept. Download it at
http://graphicriver.net/item/brochure-bundle/14715421?s_rank=16 Price $22
17. Business Tri Fold
This amazing concept offers a crisp and clean look for your business brochure. It has an
impressive design without overwhelming elements. Download it at http://graphicriver.net/item/
corporate-business-trifold-brochure/14714956?s_rank=17 Price $9
Related documents
Related keywords
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Courts should be added to the list of "sensitive locations" that ICE officials are to avoid, judges say, arguing the justice system depends on safe and equal access to the court system.
The bullet that killed Ventura County sheriff's Sgt. Ron Helus was fired by a California Highway Patrol officer who responded with him.
The case means women can continue to use Medicaid money to pay for non-abortion, pregnancy-related health care services at Planned Parenthood. Two states tried to block that.
Two separate juries deadlocked on charges stemming from an October 2012 cross-border shooting by a border agent.
U.S. Attorney Geoffrey S. Berman says the defendants "had a playbook to repatriate un-taxed money into the U.S. banking system."
A case of a man tried twice for the same gun charge by the federal government and the state of Alabama could have ramifications for the Mueller investigation into the Trump campaign and Russia.
U.S. Attorney Byung Pak says Faramarz Savandi and Mohammed Mansouri were behind the cyber extortion scheme that crippled many of the city's computer systems in March, causing millions in damages.
A Texas prosecutor says the suspect targeted sex workers in an effort to clean the streets of Laredo. If convicted, Juan David Ortiz could face execution.


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The Private Bank can help you secure a mortgage for your primary home and any other properties. We specialize in real estate financing involving more complex vehicles. For example, we can structure loans to trusts, LLCs and other special entities
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