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In one of your trips to Krakow, if you have time then you should definitely visit the Rynek Underground Museum. Its an Hi-Tech and highly popular museum that takes visitors four meters under the surface of the market square.
The subterranean excavation of the square began in 2005, after the discovery of various artifacts around Kraków's famous Cloth Hall leading to speculation about what else might be found below street level. What was discovered was a treasure trove of items and structural remnants that paint a vivid picture of everyday commercial life in Kraków over the past 700 years, and even beyond.
Relying heavily on touch-screens and holograms, the museum highlights include a fascinating look into life before Kraków received its charter and the market square was laid out, displays on trade and transport in the city, a fantastic area for kids that includes a performance by automated puppets, and the remains of an 11th-century cemetery replete with 'vampire prevention burials'
Though I was initially lost, having only a fraction of information about Krakow. But as you go around browsing the whole interactive museum, you might get the gist of all that it stands. So incase you get fascinated by the city, then do visit this one museum.
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This report was the outcome of a Minor Field Study project, financed by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency and carried out in the areas of Rayong and Pattaya, Thailand. The purpose of the study was to explore how social workers experience gender inequalities and HIV. Though condoms are available, safe sex is not practiced whether it be within steady relationships or in the sex trade. We interviewed fifteen social workers who are currently working with those who are HIV positive or in a risk zone. Our aim was to hear their reasons why safe sex is not practiced even though being HIV positive caused social, physical and financial havoc. We then analyzed the material using Connell's theory of sexual inequality, gender and power imbalances by help of the data analysis program ATLAS-ti 6.2. Our findings showed several examples of how the social workers interpret gender inequalities which created situations where women and youth became vulnerable to the transmission of HIV. Due to the power men have over women, culturally-based inequalities, religious proxies, social workers believe women are not able to decide when it comes to practicing safe sex or not.
Today's research in mental health shows that young women between the ages of 18-24 are the largest group suffering from mental illness in Sweden. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the knowledge and understanding of mental illness regarding young women. We have conducted four qualitative interviews with professionals in the field of psychiatry. The outcome-analysis was based on gender perspective and systems theory, showing that none of the experiences of the professionals aligned with mental health among young female patients being connected to upbringing, family or ethnicity. Instead the professionals emphasized social media, school, high demands and shifting to adult life, as major contributors to mental health problems among young women. Contradictory to the statistics, the professionals did not see the differences between young people of different gender. Furthermore, the professional's opinions illustrated that statistics do not reflect reality due to societal changes. Keywords: Young women, mental illness, professionals, adolescent psychiatry, social media, school
AbstractThis qualitative longitudinal study of 20 young Swedish care leavers investigates their subjective experience of and strategies for handling adversities when being in the process of leaving out-of-home care. The empirical data is based on two sets of interviews, the first conducted at time 1 (T1) when they were still in care but the moving out process had begun, the second (T2) 6-10 months later when the vast majority had left care. The thematic analysis based on resilience theory showed that the majority of the informants over time developed process-oriented strategies, which in our categorization emanated either from the inner world of the informants (e.g. through re-framing of experiences and an emerging self-reliance) or from their outer contextual world (e.g. through a restructuring of the social network). The results are discussed from a resilience theoretical perspective in which the informants' strategies are illustrated by the conceptual pair of 'navigation' and 'negotiation', used to make sense of their inner and outer world-oriented strategies.
This paper investigates young care leavers' expectations of their future after discharge from care. The results are based on qualitative longitudinal data where 16- to 21-year-old care leavers (n = 15) were interviewed twice, first when still in care but planning for their discharge (T1) and the second time 6–9 months later (T2). The analysis using a general inductive approach showed that their expectations were dependent on the time horizon and that there was an obvious difference between the young informants' short- and long-term expectations. Their short-term expectations consisted of worries connected to their approaching discharge (at T1) and how to cope with challenges of everyday life after discharge from care (at T2). These results seem to echo negative outcomes shown in previous quantitative research. However, the informants' long-term expectations provide a different picture, being mainly positive in both interviews (T1 and T2). The results are discussed from a life course perspective, where the informants' visions of their future are framed and understood in terms of the different stages of their transition process.
This qualitative study aimed to identify how personnel working in a residential home in Sweden work withCognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) orientation within the organization. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five personnel. The research questions were; How do the personnel describe the CBT orientation? How do the personnel describe the CBT tools and methods? How do the personnel describe and measure the implementation of CBT?
The results were analyzed an Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) tool in order to gain a greater understanding of the data. The theories used to analyze the results were the learning theory, attachment theory and New Public Management (NPM). The results of this study indicate that CBT was incorporated in the daily lives of the residents throughout the course of the day and the personnel described common methods such as Aggression Replacement Therapy (ART), Dialectal Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and Motivational Interviewing (MI).
The purpose of the study was to quantitatively examine whether the internal communication (based on the dimensions: personal feedback, relationship with superiors, organizational integration and communication climate) can predict the psychological contract (which consists of expectations, commitments and promises that arises between one employee and employer). A survey was sent to two department stores in central Sweden within an international organization. The survey was based on parts of the Communication Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ) (Downs & Adrian, 2004) and Isaksson and Bellaaghs (2005) Swedish translation of the PSYCONES project's measuring instrument for the psychological contract. The survey aimed at employees without a leading position and was answered by 70 employees at the organization. The result showed that the communication dimensions together as a model significant predicted the fulfilment of the psychological contract. Organizational integration predicts the employees' psychological contract the strongest. Even the dimension relationship with superiors contributed with a unique proportion of the coefficient of determination.
The aim of the study was to investigate people's experiences of having been forcible custody according to LVU as children. This has been studied by a qualitative method and four women were interviewed using a interview guide that covered the question areas: treatment, education, relationships and identity formation. The results were interpreted by the life model, which is a part of the ecological system theory, as well as by cognitive theory. Prominent findings were that informants often felt that they were not heard in any investigation or decision context, and that their opinions seldom were taken into account. Further, few informants had not completed their education, however, at the time of the interviews they were all self-sufficient. Finally, it was also found that they had a secure relationship with an adult during the investment period and that this had rendered in a positive identity development.
Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur lärare identifierar barn med behov av särskiltstöd i förskoleklass och om det ges likvärdigt stöd till alla. Detta har gjorts genom enkvalitativ studie där lärare (n=17) på tolv skolor i en mellanstor stad i Sverige harintervjuats. Huvudresultatet visar att barn måste ha en fastställd diagnos för att fåsärskilt stöd, dock räcker inte alltid det utan det behövs ett kraftigt utåtagerandebeteende där barnet är en fara för sig själv och/eller andra. Barn med inåtvänt beteendeupptäcks som regel senare än de med utåtagerande beteende. I resultatet framkom attbarn med utåtagerande beteende oftare får insatser än barn med inåtvänt beteende, vilketgör att det inte blir likvärdig skolgång för alla. Eftersom avvikande beteenden är socialtkonstruerade i samhället valde vi att använda oss av socialkonstruktivismen för våranalys, samt genusperspektivet då det finns skillnader mellan könen.
The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine if there were any differences regarding work motivation, mental and general health among employees depending on the office environment they were working in and based on their gender. The study was conducted by an organization that works with economic issues, which 141 officials participated by answering a questionnaire. The measuring instruments that were used were BNS (Basic Need Satisfaction at work scale), GHQ (General Health Questionnaire) and one question regarding general health. Motivation was measured through the subcategories autonomy, competence and relatedness. The result of the study showed that there were no differences regarding physical and general health depending on the office environment and gender. The result of the present study also showed that employees who worked in their own offices estimated autonomy and competence higher than employees who worked in open plan offices. A slight tendency of difference was shown regarding relatedness and office environment. No significant difference was shown regarding gender and office environment. The shown result are believed to depend on that employees who works in their own offices has better concentration opportunities and there for experience a higher level of autonomy, competence and relatedness.
The social services and previous research has argued that the integration of relatives and close family to addictive health care is lacking. Despite this, an increasing number of researchers underline its importance and meaningfulness in addictive health care. Building on this, our aim was to investigate how relatives and close family are integrated in addictive health care and what implications it has for the relatives, the addict, as well as the addictive healt care and the treatment. The study is based on four qualitiative interviews with social workers and treaters of addictive behaviors. The results based on heremenutic interpretation, empowerment- and systems theory showed that the integration of relatives from a professional perspective is an obvious part of the work with the addict and that the intregation have a great impact on the addict's recovery as well as on the quality of life for the relatives. The integration built on knowledge and understanding among the relatives, enabled them to divert from their role as enablers of addictive behavior, and instead being able to set boundaries against the addict. In order to make the addicts recovery durable, a prominent condition was thus that the addiction was put into a bigger frame, i.e. the addict's social network.
The objective of this qualitative study was to examine the experience of the transmitter and the receiver of the given communicated feedback from transmitter to receiver. The interview participants consisted of eight participants belonging in two subgroups, four transmitters and four receivers where each transmitter had a workwise connection to one of the receivers. The focus of this study was on the participants subjective experiences in feedback situations at work and based on three theoretical themes; channel, content and clarity. The results were analyzed by a hybrid model of deductive and inductive thematic analysis. The result showed that both the transmitter and the receiver experience the physical presence as the strongest, most effective and most occurring channel. The transmitters felt that they provided a more comprehensive and a more frequent feedback than the recipients felt that they got. The receivers perceived feedback as most clear when the transmitters used a descriptive foundation during feedback situations.
The purpose of this study was to examine and illustrate Swedish probation officers' experiences of their use of the RNR model. We have completed six qualitative interviews with probation officers. The probation officers showed a positive attitude towards the RNR model. They also showed experiences of flaws and difficulties in their use of the model and related these to the risk assessment instrument and the characteristics of the clients. The positive effects that the use of the RNR model had was that it brought structure, lucidity and focus to their work. They also pointed out the models relative advantage towards earlier methods. It was also clear that the probation officers had different views of the responsivity principle. These different views could affect their use of this principle. The difficulties regarding the use of the model that could be related to the probation officers' experiences consisted of several possible causes. Education regarding the model was one of these possible causes that we found could explain the experienced difficulties in the probation officers use of the RNR model.
480 000 children in Sweden have parents who live apart. We asked ourselves what a divorce is to a child emotinally and how the child copes with the divorce. We performed qualitative interviews with four different adults who grew up with divorced parents to find some answers. Our study shows that the divorce often make the child feel guilty over not being sufficient for one or both parents. In the long run, both parents usually feel better after the divorce which seems to have a positive effect with the childs emotional side, also how the parents themselves dealt with the divorce. We found a connection between how the informants described their parents way of coping with the divorce with their own. The amount of influence the informants had over deciscions regarding themselves and their own situation seemed to be decisive for a favorable way of coping.
Research shows that people with complex social problems often require services from several different divisions and/or organizations of the social services in order to cover all of family's needs. However, when it comes to cooperation between these divisions and/or organizations, disagreements and structural differences in addressing social problems can lead to people 'falling through the cracks.' Coordinated services is a part of legislation in both the Social Services and Healthcare laws of Sweden since 2010 and is to be used as a guideline when there is a need for internal and/or external cooperation between several organizations. The purpose of this study is to examine how cooperation between different divisions within the social services works today as well as the process of how services are granted by different divisions, how granted services are then defended by the division which grants them and how differences in how case workers organize the investigation process can impact outcome in granted services. To complete this study, two focus groups, compiled of representatives from different divisions of the social services, were interviewed regarding a fictive family. The results of this study appear to be consistent with previous research showing that cooperation is crucial when it comes to working with individuals/families with complex needs. At the same time, the results shows that cooperation between organizations and divisions doesn't always work as it should. This study reveals differences between the two focus groups concerning the number of granted services recommended and the explanations given for granting (or not granting) certain services. The focus groups also differed concerning the extent to which case workers decisions are impacted by factors outside the family such as money, the organization's budget and politics. Even when internal cooperation within the city government succeeds, both focus groups highlight an even greater need for development of cooperation between external organizations.
The purpose of the study was to examine the experience of value within the employment of officials at an industrial company. The study was based on eight interviews and the data were analyzed using a basic qualitative research. The result showed that officials experienced value in their employment and were proud of being a part of the company and the Employer Brand. The result also showed that the company provided a wide offering of benefits and opportunities to grow within the company. The heads also played an important part in experiencing value in the employment for the officials. The official's definition of an attractive employer and their definition of the current employer were consistent, although there exists some improvement potential. This regards harmonization of benefits between different business areas and the communicative and informative role of the heads. The result also showed that the internal mobility within the company, mainly between business areas, could be improved.
The purpose of this study was to investigate sexist attitudes among employees and how they value job satisfaction and social relations at their workplace. This was carried out in a male-dominated organization. The sample consisted of 600 employees within the depots of the current organization. The employees answered a web survey which contained questions about sexism-, job satisfaction-, social relations and a number of background questions. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 22 where three hierarchic regressions were performed. The result showed that there was no significant covariance between the number of women on a depot and sexist attitudes. However, it was found that men and workers to a greater degree than women and executives showed sexist attitudes and that executives got a higher score than workers on both social relations and job satisfaction.
The aim of this study was to get a deeper understanding through a qualitative perspective about the background to high employee turnover in the unit of child and youth care within social services and also how this could be counteracted. Six semi-structured interviews with people who have chosen to resign from child and youth care within social services were conducted. The results show repetitive descriptions of unsustainable working conditions characterized by low wages, lack of time, lack of feedback and commitment from colleagues, absence of trust to the supervision and burnout. The previous social workers described that they would have needed more colleagues, better communication with the supervisor, a team leader, more tutoring and higher wages to stay in their jobs. Our main conclusions are that there is a big complexity in the background to employee turnover and we consider that a holistic perspective is essential to be able to beat this.
The aim of this study was twofold. First, to explore what challenges social workers may experience in their work with female rape survivors. The second aim was to explore how social workers work with females who have survived rape. A qualitative research design was chosen, and semi-structured interviews with social workers were conducted. Thematic analysis was used to structure the findings. Four themes were found in connection to challenges; feelings of shame and guilt among rape survivors, the criminal proceedings, to not be able to help all survivors and lastly potential threats to social workers' own wellbeing. The findings regarding methods were that the social workers adapt their work strategies based on the needs of the survivor. The social workers used strategies focused on reducing feelings of shame and guilt and normalizing symptoms.
This research paper explores the educational challenges faced by unaccompanied refugee youths in Stockholm. It focuses on the ongoing educational challenges that stem after separating from their families or other representatives in struggling to find a safe place; and adjust to a foreign country with minimal support. The research also examines what educational services that have been made available to these unaccompanied refugee youths. Furthermore, how successful they have been in adjusting into the Swedish educational system and achieving their educational goals.
We have conducted a qualitative research method using semi-structured interviews to provide insightful findings into this research topic. The sample included ten unaccompanied refugee youths and three professionals that are experts in the area of unaccompanied refugee youths. The findings underscore that most of the unaccompanied refugee youths´ dropout from school before they are able to achieve their post- secondary education due to different challenges that influence their educational pursuit.
Key words: challenges, support, imbalance, education, and unaccompanied Refugee youths.
The overall aim of this study was to examine the difference between transformational and transactional leadership and how those correlated with stress and social support. The aim of the study was also to examine how stress and social support correlate with each other and if there are any gender differences. A quantitative study was made with a webquestionnaire containing three parts, stress, social support and leadership. The analys was carried out in SPSS were a correlationanalys and t-tests were made. The result of the study showed that transformational and transactional leadership correlated with each other and that they also correlated with stress and social support. The analyses also showed that stress correlated with social support and that there were no gender diffrences. The conclusion of the study is that the magnitude rather than the type of leadership that is important for the precived stress and the social support for the employees.
The purpose with this qualitative study was to investigate biological children's experience of growing up in private foster care homes. This was done through a retrospective perspective, and the purpose was to focus on the children's experiences of being in a family with foster siblings, and the support they perceive that they received from the social services. The empirical data is based on four interviews with adults that during their childhood were growing up as biological children in private foster care homes. When analysing the result, the childhood sociology perspective, the child perspective, and Hart's ladder of participation were used. The result showed that the interviewees did not perceive the social services incorporating them as biological children in the foster care process. The level of participation was instead determined by the parents' intuition. The informants perceived their relationship to their parents as good, however, half of them had wished more time and more attention. The majority of the participants described that they took a great deal of responsibility for their foster care siblings, either voluntarily or involuntarily. Further on, the result indicated that the interviewees had, thanks to growing up with foster care siblings, developed empathy and a more profound understanding of others. Finally, the result showed that the majority of the informants felt a strong bond to their foster care siblings, had good relationships to them, and liked having foster care siblings during their childhood.
In Sweden, research on male partner violence against women has primarily been focused on the battered women rather then the abusive men. The aim of this work is to investigate how the Swedish literature discusses men's partner violence against women. Our research question has been: What general constructions of male partner violence against women is evident in the literature with regard to the themes of power and control, a woman's self-image, the surrounding attitudes and norms and causal explanations for partner violence? The work consists of a review of seven primary documents that have been analysed with the help of social constructionist theory. The results show that there is a risk that the majority of the authors in our primary documents discuss women as a particularly vulnerable group of male violence. The authors construct an image of women as victims of male partner violence and the man as the abuser. Through these descriptions, the authors perpetuate a victim image of the woman who is likely to strengthen her already inferior and vulnerable position.
In late modernity sex has escaped its reproductive cage and people form pure relationships, based on mutual satisfaction (Giddens). Ironically, although older people are per definition non-reproductive, they have been neglected in studies on sexuality. The aim is to study sexual attitudes and practices among older people in life-course perspective. We present results from 1) a qualitative interview study with 28 63–91 year old Swedes currently dating or in a relationship (married, cohabiting, LAT) initiated 60+ and 2) a quantitative survey including 1225 60–90 year old Swedes (response rate 42%). The interviews revealed a normative change, from condemnation of extra-marital sex in young adulthood to encouragement of sexual relationships but not marriage in later life. Despite restrictive norms, the survey showed a majority (93%) had had their sexual debut before marriage. All informants had experienced the 1960's sexual liberation and today liberal attitudes seem to encompass later life. Most had had rather active sexual lives. Half or the survey respondents had had ≥4 more sexual partners, and one in five ≥10. Today, an active sex-life was regarded as important for a good relationship. Many informants had interpreted sexual decline as "natural" and age-related, but re-discovered sexuality with their new partner. The survey confirmed relationship length as a better predictor of sexual activity than age. Cohort and period effects will be discussed. It has been argued that sexual practices will become more liberal in the future by cohort replacement. Our data indicates that "the future might already be here".
Introduction : More than a million, or almost half, of the 60+ population (46%) in Sweden today are singles (never married, divorced, widows/widowers), a majority are women and the actual number as well as the proportion of divorcees is increasing. Still, we know very little about the intimate lives of non-married elderly people or about re-partnering in later life. This presentation focuses attitudes to, expectations on, and experiences of new intimate relations in later life.
Method : It is based on results from a new representative survey of 3 000 Swedes, 60-90 years old (boosted with regards to non-married people), that was developed from questions generated by a recent qualitative interview study with 28 Swedes who had established a new relationship after the age of 60.
Results : We describe attitudes, expectations and experiences in the older population generally, but also in different groups defined on the basis of gender, class, life-course phase, sexual orientation, degree of urbanization and intimacy career. We also focus the importance of intimate relationships for older people's quality of life, and reason about how structures of informal support may look for older people who enter new intimate relationships.
Conclusion : As of november 2012 we are still in an early phase of the survey work, thus conclusions are pending.
It has been argued that in late modernity sex has escaped its reproductive cage and people form pure relationships, based on mutual satisfaction. Ironically, although older people are per definition non-‐reproductive, they have often been neglected in studies on sexuality. In this paper we present results from 1) a qualitative interview study with a strategic sample of 28 63–91 year old Swedes currently dating or in a heterosexual relationship (married, cohabiting, LAT) initiated 60+ and 2) a quantitative survey including answers from 1225 60–90 year old Swedes. The interviews revealed a clear normative change, from a cultural context that condemned extra-‐marital sex in young adulthood to a context encouraging sexual relationships but not marriage in later life. All had experienced the sexual liberation of the 1960s, and today, these liberal attitudes seem to encompass later life. Today, an active sex-‐life is regarded as important for a good relationship and sexual attraction was seen as a precondition for newrelationships. Many informants had interpreted sexual decline in former relationships as "natural ageing", but re-‐discovered sexuality with their new partner. In the survey, a majority (93 %) had had their sexual debut before marriage (despite the restrictive norms). Half or the respondents have had ≥ 4 sexual partners, and one in five ≥ 10. Sexual activity correlated negatively with relationship length. It has often been argued that sexual values and practices will become more liberal in the future by cohort replacement. Our data indicates that "the future might already be here".
The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to a neglected reality in Swedish social research: New romantic relationships in later life. Our theoretical points of departure are the transformation of intimacy and the transition from a culture of marriage to a culture of divorce. We ask if the transformation of intimacy has reached later life and investigate late life divorce, attitudes to and choice of union form in late life heterosexual relationships, relationship history and the importance of a relationship for life satisfaction. The results, which are based both on demographic data and a survey to 60-90 year old Swedes (n=1225), show that changing relationship patterns in late modern Sweden have reached older people. In romantic relationships initiated in later life LAT is the preferred union form, followed by cohabitation, while marriage is a rare choice. In some respects this makes older people an avant-garde in the investigation of alternative union forms. The results also show the importance of romantic relationships for life satisfaction in later life independent of union form. Finally we criticize Swedish census data, which is based on civil status, for giving a somewhat distorted image of older people's family and romantic lives.
This paper focuses on actual and ideal partner-age among older Swedes, from a gender perspective on age-homo/heterogamy. The paper is based on a survey to 60–90 year old Swedes, currently either singles or in a cross-gender relationship (married, cohabiting, LAT) (n=1225; response rate 42%). All analyses were made also separately for men and women. Results: Unions tend to follow a traditionally gendered age structure: 56% of men but only 16% of women have a younger partner. This age-pattern is more pronounced for those: in first unions (p<.001); in unions initiated before the 1970s (p<.01). There was no significant variation with union form or urbanity (modernity), and not with either education or income (power resources). Ideal partner-age correlates strongly (p<.001; R2=0,76) with actual partner-age for respondents in unions (ideal only slightly younger). Single men and women are freer to envision a younger partner: almost all (92%) single men and half of the single women (47%) prefer a younger partner (8,9 years younger on average for men; 2,2 for women). The proportion preferring a younger partner increases by age, leading to increasingly incompatible age ideals. The results will be discussed in relation to life-course theory; gender and power; the deinstitutionalization hypothesis.
To begin new relationships in later life is increasingly common in large parts of the Western world. This timely book addresses the gap in knowledge about late life repartnering and provides a comprehensive map of the changing landscape of late life intimacy.
Part of the Ageing in a Global Context series, the book examines the changing structural conditions of intimacy and ageing in late modernity. How do longer lives, changing norms and new technologies affect older people's relationship careers, their attitudes to repartnering and in the formation of new relationships? Which forms do these new unions take? What does a new intimate relationship offer older men and women and what are the consequences for social integration? What is the role and meaning of sex?
By introducing a gains-perspective the book challenges stereotypes of old age as a period of loss and decline. It also challenges the image of older people as conservative, and instead presents them as an avant-garde that often experiment with new ways of being together.
Despite increased research interest in transitions into new intimate relationships in later life, little focus has been on how transitions affect older people's social networks. We investigate the impact of entering into new intimate relationships in later life on interdependent lives. Results are based on both qualitative interviews with 28 Swedes (63–91 years) either dating or living in new relationships initiated 60+ (marriage, cohabitation, LAT), and a quantitative survey to 60–90 year old Swedes (n=1225; response rate 42%). A central theoretical frame is Elder's (1994) principle of interdependent lives. A new relationship usually meant integration into the new partner's social and filial networks (some problems will be discussed) and a restructuring of the relationship chain so that time and energy is redirected to the new partner. A new partner was described as a resource for living independent lives by the older informants, and as a way of "unburdening" the children. Finally, the qualitative interviews hinted at a hierarchy of dependencies. This was confirmed by the survey. A majority of respondents would primarily turn to their partners for social, emotional and practical support, with children as a distant second and "others" third. An exception was personal hygiene, where partners remained the first choice, but where the social services were preferred to children. This hierarchy was the same in new relationships. The results, partly contradicting previous research findings, are discussed in light of Western individualism generally and Swedish welfare-state and state supported individualism in particular.
Lots of prior social gerontological research has focused on filial rela-tions in informal care as well as the impact of widowhood on social relation-ships in later life. In this paper we instead ask how a new intimate relation-ship in later life effect relationships with children, relatives and friends. In particular we focus on the effects that a new intimate partner in later life has on filial, social and care obligations. To answer these questions, qualitative interviews were conducted with a strategical sample of 28 Swedes, 63–91 years, who had established a new intimate relationship after the age of 60 (or who are dating). We found that the respondents describe changes over their life-time in what we conceptualize as the 'relationship chain' – a hierarchy in social and care responsibilities – where the new partner in established relations steps in at the very front of the chain. This is positively perceived by the informants, who recurrently describe their partners as a resource for their own autonomy as well as that of their children, relatives and friends.
The aim of this study is to investigate the consequences for linked lives of entering into new intimate relationships in later life. The empirical data is based on qualitative interviews with 28 Swedes aged 63 to 91 years, who have established a new intimate relationship after the age of 60 years or are currently dating. Theories on linked lives and individualization are used. The results show that children were generally supportive of their older parents' unions and older individuals were often integrated into the new partner's network. However, a new union also restructured the relationship chain so that time and energy were redirected to the new partner. Older parents preferred to be dependent on partners rather than children/others. A new partner was described as a source for autonomy and a way of "unburdening" children. Results are discussed in light of Western individualism generally and Swedish state supported individualism in particular.
Much social gerontological research has focused on partner loss in later life and how it affects social, emotional and practical exchanges between generations. In this paper we instead ask how a newintimate relationship in later life affects these inter-‐generational exchanges. The results are based both on qualitative interviews with 28 Swedes (63–91 years) either dating or living in new relationships initiated after the age of 60 (marriage, cohabitation, LAT), and a quantitative survey to 60–90 year old Swedes (n=1225). In the interviews we found that the informants described changes in what we conceptualize as the 'relationship chain' –a hierarchy in social and care responsibilities–where the new partner stepped in at the very front of the chain. The follow-‐up survey confirmed a hierarchy of dependencies, where partners tend to come first, followed by children, friends and the state. The interviews further showed that the informants recurrently described their partners as a resource for their own autonomy as well as that of their children and friends. We interpret these findings in light of an individualist culture of independence that characterizes the Nordic countries, aided by a strong welfare state, involving a strong ethic of not being a burden, even to your own children.
Although mobility in and out of intimate relationships has become more common in later life, it has been a neglected issue in social gerontology. In this article, we ask what characterises the formation of new intimate relationships in later life, and whether there are any specific conditions that separate these from relationships in earlier stages of the lifecourse. On the basis of qualitative interviews with 28 persons aged 63-91 who have established a new intimate heterosexual relationship after the age of 60 or who are dating singles, we argue that time constitutes such a central structuring condition. We discuss and theorise two aspects of time - post-(re)productive free time and remaining time - which have an important formative power on new late-in-life relationships. We argue that together these aspects form a central existential structure of ageing in many Western societies - the paradoxical condition of having lots of available free time but little time left in life - which, besides influencing new late-in-life relationships, might also be relevant to other aspects of and choices in later life.
Mobility in and out of intimate relationships has become more common in late modern societies also in later life. However, it has been a neglected issue in social gerontology and sociological studies on ageing. In this paper the research questions are: What characterizes the formation of new intimate relationships in later life? Are there any specific, more or less universal, conditions that separate them from relationships in earlier life phases? Qualitative interviews was used with a strategical sampel, consisting of 28 Swedes, 63–91 years, who have established a new intimate heterosexual relationship after the age of 60 or who are dating. The results showed Time constituting a central structuring condition for new intimate relsionships in later life. In the results three aspects of time – Available free time, Lived time and Remaining time – which all have a constituting and an important formative power on new late in life relationships are discussed in relation to theories of late modernity and the Third Age and in relation to changing demographical conditions.
Family theory has suggested a radical transformation of intimacy in large parts of the Western world over the last 50 years. Given this development, how can we best explain union form in older people's relationships: In terms of the traditional values they were brought up with (cohort)? In terms of the historical context in which the relationships were initiated (period)? Or in terms of the life-phase in which the relationships were initiated (age)? All of these hypothesis have been suggested by prior research. In this paper we discuss these respective arguments, basing ourselves on results from a quantitative survey of 60–90 year old Swedes (response rate 42%), focusing a subset of respondents (n=702) who are currently either married, cohabiting or LAT. A logistic regression showed no significant support for the cohort hypothesis. It gives strong support for the historical hypothesis – union form is significantly explained by the year the relationship was initiated. It also gives significant support to the life phase hypothesis – older people tend to prefer LAT relationships – but only after the historical normative context allow it. The results are discussed in relation to explanations suggested by earlier research regarding union form in older couples.
The purpose of this study was to examine the discourses that can be identified in medias representation of social services. To answer the purpose we made a critical discourse analysis using Faircloughs three-dimensional model. The choice to focus our study on a local newspaper was based on earlier research that found it possible that a local paper has a greater impact on readers than a national newspaper. Readers can more easily connect with what's happening in the immediate environment than what is written nationally. We used articles published in 2013 containing "social services". We found four discourses about collaboration, economy, criticism and work practices and procedures. We found social services mentioned in contexts involving money, resources, complaints, cooperation, collaboration, support, routines and responsibilities. The social services was briefly depicted, descriptions of their work was often omitted. The descriptions we found was often negative and contained assumptions that were not explained.
The purpose of the study was to compare intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors between real estate students and teacher students. The study also aimed to examine whether there were any sign of group polarization, after real estate students and teacher students spending time with like-minded people. The study was conducted on real estate and teaching students at a university in Sweden. The instrument used were Work Preference Inventory (WPI), which is an established form to measure self-perceived intrinsic and extrinsic work motivation. A total of 101 students participated in the survey. The result showed that real estate students were more driven by extrinsic motivation factors than teacher students. The result did not show that teacher students were more driven by intrinsic motivation or any sign of group polarization.
This study provides an understanding of how professionals describe their experience of foster children's contact and reunification with the biological parents from an attachment theory perspective. The study was conducted by five qualitative interviews with social workers. The result show that social workers believed that it is important for children to have contact with their biological parents, which can enable an eventual reunification and give the child understanding about his/her background and placement. The results show that contact on the other hand can be negative due to loyalty conflicts and uncertainty. All the social workers said that reunifications rarely take place. The parents' problems are often complex which can make it difficult to improve parental abilities. Children who stay in their foster families during a long period of time can develop an attachment, which means that a separation from the foster home might be harmful.
In two visual search experiments, we investigated the impact of distractor sets on fear-relevant stimuli by comparing a search set with spiders, snakes, flowers, and mushrooms to one with spiders, snakes, rabbits, and turtles. We found speeded responses to spider and snake targets when flowers and mushrooms, but not when rabbits and turtles served as distractors. In Experiment 2, we compared spider-sensitive to nonfearful participants. Spider-sensitive participants responded faster than nonfearful participants to spider targets when we used flowers and mushrooms as distractors, but not when we used rabbit and turtle distractors. These results indicate that behavioral responses to the visual search task not only depend on the individual's relationship to the stimuli included in the search set, but also on the context in which the feared or fear-relevant objects are presented.
The work psychology-related benefits of group training in a shift-going work team
The objective of the study was to investigate whether team building-based training could improve work satisfaction, reduce stress, and increase perceived control of the work environment for a shift-going work team. A questionnaire study was performed at a large industrial company in central Sweden. 65 participants were divided into an experimental (participation in training) vs. a control (no participation in training group). The results showed that former compared to latter participants perceived a greater amount of control over their work, as well as estimated their ability to predict the results of their work decisions as higher. Concerning the perceived stress, younger compared to older were shown to experience more support whereas older vs. younger rated the ability to fully use skills and abilities as higher.
Keywords: Work control, work stress, work satisfaction, training
The purpose of this quantitative study was to see if there's a correlation between work identity and self-perceived employability even though the external work market is low. For the study, aviation students were chosen as a group with probably higher work identity and was compared to regular students from different educations. A web survey was formed to collect the data that was needed, and were sent out to 30 aviation students and 30 "general" students from different educations around the country. The survey contained 27 question about work identity, internal and external employability and ambition. Also seven background questions about why the chosen education field. To analyze the data a MANOVA and correlation analysies were carried out. The result showed that aviation students experienced a higher work identity than the general students. They also showed higher ratings in external employability and ambition. The "general" students showed higher results in internal employability. Work identity showed strong correlations between all the employability scale items for the aviation students but not for the "general" students.
The aim of this study was to describe how the Swedish police puts the problem- oriented approach to practice on a local level. Twelve semistructured interviewes was conducted in two separate cities and the results showed a lack of guidelines in formulating the problems which the police was meant to solve. Furthermore the results indicated a wide range of sources of information as well as a variety of problemsolving methods. The methods was carried out with or without help from other agencies. Finally the study showed that the police do evaluate their work, although many police officers expressed a need for guidance in the process.
The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine whether there were any differences in self- perceived psychosocial work environment depending on whether employees work in an automated production or a manual production. The psychosocial work environment was measured on the basis of the aspects: intrinsic work motivation with the subcategories: autonomy, competence and belongingness as well as demands in work and stress. The survey was conducted on a steel industry where 60 employees participated in the survey. The measuring instruments used were the BNS (Basic Need Satisfaction at Work Scale) that measured the intrinsic work motivation with the needs; autonomy, competence and belongingness. COPSOQ (Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire) measured requirements in work and stress. The result showed a significant difference in intrinsic work motivation, where employees working at the automated department estimated higher autonomy than employees in the manual department. Furthermore, the result showed a tendency to differentiate from the requirements of the work. The staff at the manual department experienced higher demands at work than those working at the automated department. No differences were identified between departments regarding the motivational needs of competence, belongingness or stress.


text:
LinkPhysio is started by Saurab Sharma which is an initiative to improve evidence based practice, share recent knowledge with physiotherapists and physiotherapy students in Nepal and other developing countries. This website will also encourage active participation of physiotherapists and students in writing evidence based articles to share with all. The topics covered in the website will focus especially on topics relevant to clinical practices in physiotherapy and also cover curriculum requirements of undergraduate and post-graduate physiotherapy. Here are some of the presentation slides of teaching and conference presentations in slideshare.
Saurab completed his Bachelor of Physiotherapy in 2008. After working for 3 years as a physiotherapy teaching assistant and a physiotherapist at the Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences and Dhulikhel Hospital respectively, he studied Master of Physiotherapy (Orthopedics, with Manual Therapy as Elective) from at Manipal University, and completed in 2013. See the master's thesis here. He worked for another additional 3+ years in the same institution as a Lecturer in Physiotherapy and after being promoted to Assistant Professor, he joined PhD at Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand under the supervision of Professor J. Haxby Abbott in February 2017.
He is a member of International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) and Cochrane Back and Neck Review Group. He is an active pain and outcome measure researcher. He has served as an advisor to Nepal Physiotherapy Association (NEPTA) and an active subject committee member to Physiotherapy at Nepal Health Professional Council (NHPC). He has presented papers and delivered keynote talks in 10 countries in reputed conferences in Physiotherapy, Manual Therapy and Pain. Likewise, he has won numerous prizes, awards, bursaries and grants.
Research Interests:
Peer reviewed publications:
Published Abstracts:
Sharma, S., Pathak, A., Abbott, J.H., Jensen M.P. (2018). Psychometric properties of Nepali
versions of the Connor Davidson Resilience Scales and the Pain Catastrophising Scale in individuals with chronic pain. Journal of Pain. Vol. 19, Issue 3, S59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2017.12.150
Sharma, S., Maharjan, R., Pathak, A., Abbott, J.H., Correia, H., Jensen M.P. (2018). Psychometric
properties of Nepali versions of PROMIS short form measures of pain intensity,
pain interference, pain behaviour, depression and sleep disturbance. Journal of Pain. Vol. 19, Issue 3, S59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2017.12.15
Sharma, S., Cleland, J. (2016). Effect of tensioner neural mobilization on the flexibility of contralateral lower extremity. Manual Therapy. 25.e118.
Sharma, S., Jensen, M.P. (2016). The words people use to describe chronic pain: A cross-cultural comparison.
Journal of Pain. 17 (4): S7.
Sharma, S, Balthillaya, G., Rao, R., Mani, R. (2015). Effectiveness of neural sliders and neural tensioners as an adjunct to static stretching on hamstrings flexibility: A randomized controlled trial. Physiotherapy. DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1311
Sharma, S., Nepal, G.M., Khadgi, B., Acharya, R.S. (2016). Physiotherapist's role in a disaster situation- An experience of Nepal earthquake 2015. Manual Therapy. 25.e113.
Other non-indexed publications:
Grants, Awards and Honors:


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Tag Archives: President
Mike Colleran, President Of SCNA – Autoline Interview
Posted on 29. Mar, 2010 by Ryan.
Mike Colleran, President & COO of Saab Cars North America was recently interviewed by Autoline Detroit this past Friday.
Click here for that 47 minute interview.
Below is the summary:
Mike Colleran, SAAB, Todd Lassa, Motor Trend, Jeff Bennett, The Wall Street Journal. Topic: Reinventing SAAB.
You may recognize the headline above as a famous '60s song written by the Kinks. However, when GM exited from bankruptcy last year it almost turned that hallowed tune on its head. With brands being jettisoned left and right, "Stop Your SAABBING" — recorded by Big Ed & The Board — seemed like the song Detroit was ready to export to Trollhattan, Sweden, home of the iconic motor company SAAB. And as word of its impending doom grew you could practically hear the cries from the Swedish automaker's loyal community for a white knight to save their favorite cars. But instead of resolution came the teeter- totering spectacle where one moment the the brand was saved by some international buyer, while the next the doors were being locked for good.
Yet in the end, Dutch businessman Victor Muller rode in to save the day on a white hand-built Spyker C8 Aileron Spyder and stopped all the potential sobbing with his purchase of SAAB. And now the resurrection begins. But how can a car company that sold less than 9,000 vehicles last year in America be reborn?
For those answers and details on the plan itself join John McElroy and his Autoline panel — Todd Lassa of Motor Trend and Jeff Bennett from the Wall Street Journal — as they talk SAAB with Mike Colleran the man in charge.
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Saab History Interviews Joel Manby About Undercover Boss
Posted on 24. Mar, 2010 by Ryan.
Saab History has had the great chance once again to interview Joel Manby, Saab Cars USA's former President (1996-2000). This interview is about about his recently mentioned experience on the CBS television series "Undercover Boss".
A sincere thank you to Joel for his input about this series prior to the air date this Sunday night, March 28th at 9pm EST. I particularly like his last response pertaining to Saab Automobile.
Enjoy the interview below:
1) How did you initially get involved in CBS "Undercover Boss"?
The producers contacted us. They were looking for an entertainment company and theme parks provide a good visual background. Because we are independently owned, not associated with a media conglomerate, and have a variety of properties—-theme parks, aquariums, sightseeing operations— we were a good option for them.
2) What were some of the areas of the program that interested you most?
At first we were very skeptical. Anytime someone proactively approaches us and wants to produce a television show on our property, then healthy skepticism follows. But as we engaged in serious dialogue with them, we realized that they were really searching for companies who would embrace the concept and be willing to hold the mirror up to see what we could learn about ourselves. This wasn't a scripted television program but rather an honest look at our employees and their roles within our organization. I know that when I visit our properties that I get special treatment, even though I don't want it or ask for it. This was a unique opportunity to work the front lines in a way that I would never be able
to do currently. I know we have terrific employees—and I wanted to witness first-hand how dedicated and passionate our employees are as they interact with our guests to 'create memories worth repeating'. I didn't just want to observe, I wanted to participate and feel their passion. So, highlighting the good people of Herschend Family Entertainment was important to me.
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Saab History Welcomes Exclusive Motors As Sponsor
Posted on 17. Feb, 2010 by Ryan.
Photo Credits: Exclusive Motors
Saab History welcomes Exclusive Motors in Los Angeles as a premium sponsor. The owner of the company, Jeremy Morrissey is a proud supporter of Saab History, and is no stranger to Saab's history.
Morrissey started out as a Saab mechanic at a dealer no longer in business where he was a quick study. In a short amount of time, he transitioned into a sales rep working at what was at the time, the top selling Saab dealership in the United States, Ramsey Saab, as shown in the 1985 Saab Scania of America dealership development video (4:48). At this dealership, he became one of the top selling sales reps in the country, working there from approximately 1988 until 1995 under the leadership of the owner, Ray Van Duren. His experience was unique as Van Duren was quite an influential dealer at this time where he pushed for variations of Saab products that sold such as the Monte Carlo yellow convertible, platana grey convertible, power seats in the 9000 in 1989 while ensuring that the SPG would continue production in 1990 and 1991 model years. After speaking with Jeremy, he seems to have an emotional attachment to the experience with Ray.
Following this launch of his career for nearly a decade at Ramsey Saab, he continued to explore other Saab dealerships to apply his unique marketing skill in New Jersey, Connecticut and Massachusetts. Spending a significant amount of time in the North East, he decided to move out to the good weather in sunny California, to become the general Manager of Saab of Santa Monica from 2001 until 2008. Here, he turned this dealer into the #2 volume dealer in the country and #1 in the Western region.
As the economy hit the automotive landscape hard in 2008, he decided to finally open Exclusive Motors, his own independent facility. He reflects on the time he has had working with Saab since the early eighties and says that "he has made some of the best friends he has ever had" and believes that "the close knit nature of the Saab dealerships allowed for good relationships amongst employees and customers to be there through thick and thin"
Taking on the ideas of how the dealership network can be influential, Morrissey contributed to a number of advertisement campaigns over the years.
In addition, he has contributed to product additions much like his former boss did, ensuring that the then new 9-5 came equipped with leather door panels opposed to the cloth it was introduced with. It was at the 1997 Jubilee in Sweden where he spoke with the then President of Saab Automobile AB, Bob Hendry, which ensured that this product change became a reality. Other product initiatives also included the design package in the '02 9-3 SE convertible.
When he looks back at all of the great times he has had with Saab here in the United States, 1992 was his best year overall. That being said, it was a former colleague of his that put him in touch with Saab History and eventually took ownership of a vehicle that meant a great deal to him, that was the 1992 Saab 900 Turbo project. Spending a significant amount of time and resources to personally restore this vehicle, I was very happy to learn that it would be going to a good home in a place where it would be cared for. Since the sale, I have learned that it has been further restored utilizing original parts that he has been saving for 18 years such as a new windshield, leather seats, etc. Today, Morrissey proudly displays this vehicle in the showroom at Exclusive Motors.
Today, he continues his pursuit in carrying the Saab torch by restoring nearly 15 classic Saab models to their original appearance, with original parts he has been storing away for nearly 20 years. These vehicles include very low 1987 900 Turbo rose quartz, 1991 9000 Turbo 5-Door, 1991 Beryl Green SPG, 1992 900 Turbo 3-door, 1992 9000 CD Griffin Edition, 1993-1997 Aero & Anniversary Edition, 1993 900 CE, 1993 900 Emola Red convertible, 1994 900 Eucalyptus convertible and 1994 900 CE Convertible.
A historian in his own right from his experience and passion from working with Saab, Morrissey is thrilled to see Saab owned by an exclusive and unique brand.
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Posted on 26. Jan, 2010 by Ryan.
News Release
• GM and Spyker Cars announce a binding agreement over the transfer of ownership
of Saab
• Terms are agreed and the deal is expected to close in February
• Saab's future as an independent company is secured
• Saab will exit the orderly wind-down process
• Spyker shareholders will restructure at closure of the deal
• Swedish Government issues guarantee in favour of EIB
ZEEWOLDE, The Netherlands (26 January, 2010) – General Motors Company and Spyker Cars N.V, today confirmed the details of a binding agreement over the transfer of ownership of Saab Automobile AB of Trollhättan, Sweden. The transaction is expected to close in February and Saab Automobile will exit the orderly wind down process in line with that timetable.
The transaction will be accomplished as follows:
• Spyker acquires from Saab Automobile Investering AB, a subsidiary of General Motors ("GM"), all the issued and outstanding ordinary shares in the capital of Saab Automobile A.B. ("Saab") for a consideration of USD 74 million ("Purchase Price").
• The Purchase Price will be paid in two instalments. The first instalment of USD 50 million will be paid on the date of completion of the transaction, expected to take place on or before February 15, 2010 ("the Closing"). The second instalment of USD 24 million will be paid on July 15, 2010.
• The Share Purchase Agreement is subject to the execution of a EUR 400 million loan agreement between Saab and the European Investment Bank ("EIB"), guaranteed by the
Swedish Government. Today, the Swedish government announced approval of this guarantee. The guarantee is subject to approval by the European Commission, which is expected shortly.
• Upon completion of the transaction GM will retain redeemable preference shares of USD 326 million. The preference shares represent less than 1% of the voting rights in the capital of Saab. The mandatory redemption date is 31 December 2016 and Saab has the right to request voluntary redemption at any time prior to this date. The preference shares carry a dividend entitlement of 6% starting from January 2012, increasing to 12% as from July 1, 2014. The dividend over 2012 will be added to the principal, but as from January 1, 2013 the dividend is payable in cash. Should Saab have insufficient distributable reserves to pay the cash dividend it will be added to principal increased with a penalty factor.
• In order to allow Saab to operate on a stand-alone basis outside GM, Saab and GM will enter into a number of ancillary agreements. As part of the transaction, Spyker intends to negotiate the acquisition of all the outstanding shares in Saab Great Britain Limited, the UK distribution, marketing and sales company for Saab from General Motors UK Limited.
• Spyker will issue a corporate guarantee not exceeding USD 10 million for Saab's obligations to and for the benefit of the financing company GMAC.
• Spyker will as soon as practically possible convene a general meeting of shareholders to approve the transaction. Spyker obtained irrevocable voting undertakings to vote in favour of the transaction representing the voting majority of its current shareholders.
• It is the intention to change the name of Spyker Cars N.V. at that general meeting of shareholders to Saab Spyker Automobiles N.V.
• As back-up financing, Spyker entered into a EUR 150 million Equity Credit Line Facility with GEM Global Yield Fund Limited ("GEM") for a term of 3 years. According to this facility, Spyker may issue shares to GEM at 90 per cent of the volume weighted average price of the shares over a period of 15 trading days following a draw down notice sent to GEM by Spyker. In relation to the GEM facility, Spyker has issued to GEM share warrants in respect of 1,570,000 ordinary shares at an exercise price of EUR 4 per ordinary share. The warrants have a 5 year
The object of acquisition
• In spite of media reports that certain parts have already been sold off, the object is Saab as a complete entity and going concern with all IP rights, trademarks, facilities and other infrastructures. The sale of pre 2003 Saab 9-3 and current Saab 9-5 technology to BAIC in December 2009 did not result in any part of Saab's business being divested or devalued. On the contrary, Saab has already started the production of the new generation Saab 9-5 in Trollhättan.
• Both Saab management and Saab GB management prepared an estimated balance sheet as at 31 December 2009 for the purpose of this transaction. These estimated balance sheets are
still subject to final account closing and audit procedures.
• Spyker Cars does not yet have a balance sheet as at 31 December 2009 ready for reporting purposes. As such, it would be premature to show a pro-forma combined balance sheet for
Spyker, Saab and Saab GB as at 31 December 2009.
• Therefore Spyker only disclose an indicative combined balance sheet of Saab and Saab GB as at Closing date based on the estimated balance sheets for both entities as at 31 December
2009, adjusted for the impact of the transaction items as at Closing date.
• It should be noted that the indicative closing balance sheet is based on the latest estimated balance sheets of both entities by Saab and Saab GB management which are subject to final closing and audit procedures and therefore subject to change, and does not reflect any potential fair value or purchase price allocation adjustments. The indicative closing balance sheet should therefore not be considered as the actual closing balance sheet, but only as an indication for the assets and liabilities to be acquired at closing date.
Saab's and Saab GB's combined revenue amounted to some EUR 1.0 billion in 2009 (2008:
EUR 1.6 billion). Earnings before interest, taxes and depreciation amounted to EUR 0.4 billion
negative in 2009 (2008: EUR 0.3 billion negative). In 2009 Saab sold 39.903 cars and
produced 20.791 cars versus selling 94.751 cars in 2008 and producing 89.086 cars.
As from Closing of the Saab acquisition, the ownership structure of Spyker will change as follows:
• Tenaci Capital B.V. ("Tenaci"), a company wholly owned by Mr. V.R. Muller has made a successful bid on Mr. V. Antonov's current shareholding in Spyker consisting of 4.6 million ordinary shares. As agreed in 2007, when Mr V. Antonov acquired his shares in Spyker, Mr. V. Antonov will cause the transfer of the priority share to Spyker if and when he would dispose of his shareholding. A resolution to cancel the priority share will be proposed at the upcoming EGM.
• Messrs. N. Stancikas, M. Bondars and Mr. V. Antonov will retire as members of Spyker's Supervisory Board effective as per the date of Closing.
• Tenaci will grant to Spyker two loans. One for an amount of USD 25 million towards payment of part of the Purchase Price for Saab upon completion of the transaction. A second loan for an amount of EUR 57 million for repayment of all of Spyker's current outstanding loans to banks and other financial institutions controlled directly, or indirectly by Mr. V. Antonov. This loan mirrors the existing terms (including the lender's right to convert EUR 9.5 million into ordinary shares at a conversion price of EUR 4.00 per share).
• The sale will be subject to customary closing conditions, including receipt of applicable regulatory, governmental and court approvals. Other terms and conditions specific to the sale are not being disclosed at this time. Victor R. Muller, Spyker's CEO, stated: "We are very much looking forward to being part of the next chapter in Saab's illustrious history. Saab is an iconic brand that we are honoured to shepherd. We are delighted to have secured the jobs and livelihoods of thousands of loyal Saab employees, suppliers and dealers and to have given reassurance to the 1.5 million Saab drivers and enthusiasts around the world. It was breathtaking to see so much support from the global Saab community over the last months which not only shows the strength of the brand but also helped us in our relentless determination to get the deal done."
"Spyker Cars will provide Saab with the backing required to compete as a competitive global brand along with an entrepreneurial leadership team sensitive to the uniqueness, heritage and individuality of the Saab brand. I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to Vladimir Antonov for his formidable support during the past two years. His contribution has allowed Spyker to get to the point that this
transaction was made possible. I also want to extend my gratitude to Messrs. Stancikas and Bondars as Members of the Supervisory Board. They have made very valuable contributions to our company
during their respective terms."
"Finally I would like to thank the Swedish Government for its constant support for our efforts culminating in granting the Guarantee in favour of the European Investment Bank today for an EUR
400 Million loan to Saab which we hope to secure in the coming weeks."
Jan Åke Jonsson, CEO of Saab Automobile AB said: "It has been a challenging 15 months for Saab but our global organization has shown a fighting spirit that will serve us well going forward. The
agreement with Spyker Cars has secured Saab's future and will enable us to maximize the brand's potential through an exciting new product line-up with a distinctly Saab character."
"Today's news is great for Saab's customers, dealers, suppliers and employees around the globe. The level of passion and support shown to Saab over recent months has been remarkable and I would like
to take this opportunity to thank all of those people who continued to believe that Saab deserved a future. Now we aim to get back to the execution of our business plan and with the continued support
of our employees and business partners I am confident we will succeed."
Nick Reilly, President GM Europe, added: "As a responsible corporate citizen in Europe, and throughout the entire period, GM has always had the hope to find a positive solution for Saab that
would avoid a wind-down of the brand. We have worked very hard with many parties, including governments and investors, and I'm very pleased that we could come to such a positive conclusion
that preserves jobs in Sweden and elsewhere. GM will continue to support Saab and Spyker Cars on their way forward."
Note for the media, not for publication
For further media information, please contact:
Saab Automobile Press Office
Tel: +46 (0)520 279797
Spyker Cars Europe, PFPR Communications:
Mike Stainton
E: firstname.lastname@example.com
Tom Housley
E: firstname.lastname@example.com
Peter Rawlinson
E: firstname.lastname@example.com
Spyker Cars North America, PCG Campbell:
Shane Smith
E: email@example.com
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Saab History Partners With Tretorn To Save Saab
Posted on 25. Jan, 2010 by Ryan.
If you are a Saab owner, enthusiast or supporter of the "SAVE SAAB" campaign. Whether you participated in a gathering somewhere around the globe or simply want to show that you were a supporter of the campaign and Saab spirit wherever you live, I encourage you to buy one of these limited production "Save Saab" t-shirts provided by the Swedish company, Tretorn.
Please Note: Right now, the t-shirt is only able to be sold in the United States. I've worked with Tretorn to ensure international availability, but their system is unable to provide this. If you are in another country other than the U.S., I would advise getting the t-shirts shipped to a colleague in the states, then pay them through paypal, the shipping cost to you.
Press Release
"Save Saab" T-Shirt Available at The Tretorn Shop, NYC and www.tretorn.com
BOSTON, Mass. (January 14, 2010)
Tretorn®, the modern outdoor brand with deep Swedish roots, is going to bat for the survival of much-loved Swedish car manufacturer, Saab, with the launch of its "Save Saab" campaign. Tretorn is showcasing its support and enabling consumers to show theirs with a special "Save Saab" T-shirt available starting January 15th. A final decision to sell or dissolve the carmaker could come later this month or in early February, according to GM Europe President Nick Reilly.
"Tretorn and Saab share a strong bond, with our Swedish heritage and loyal following," said Antonio Bertone, chief marketing officer for Tretorn. "We want to show our support and invite fellow Saab fans to join us. We hope that if enough people stand up for a brand they believe in, it might encourage the powers that be to save Saab." Regardless of the outcome, purchasing this t-shirt, signifies your commitment and dedication to supporting Saab.
Tretorn has teamed up with Saab devotee Ryan Emge of saabhistory.com and is donating a portion of the sales from the T-shirts to Ryan's continuing efforts to keep Saab alive. Tretorn's "Save Saab" campaign will also be the focus of its Facebook page(www.facebook.com/tretorn) and Twitter profile (@tretornsavesaab) to keep consumers informed and up to date.
The Tretorn "Save Saab" T-shirt is available at the Tretorn Shop, NYC and on www.tretorn.com in sizes S-XL, while supplies last, for $24. The Tretorn Shop in SoHo is located at 150 Spring Street, between W. Broadway and Wooster.
Media Contact:Megan Mulcahy, CGPR, 781-639-4924 xt 112, firstname.lastname@example.com
Tretorn is headquartered in Helsingborg, Sweden and founded in 1891. It is one of the leading brands for outdoor products in Scandinavia, as well as the 3rd largest brand in Europe for tennis balls. Tretorn is a wholly owned subsidiary of PUMA AG. For more information please visit www.tretorn.com.
Saab History and the site www.saabhistory.com, are owned and operated independently from Saab Automobile, GM and any other affiliates
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Saab History Urges You To Contact Your State Senator & US House Representatives To Save Saab This Week
Posted on 03. Jan, 2010 by Ryan.
As Saab Automobile's fate is to be determined in 4 days (January 7th), it could be ultimately up to you in the United States that ensure that Saab is saved and here in the United States, the dealership network is preserved and all of the related business continue.
While some of us are able to make to Detroit to show our Saab spirit, others are gathering in Europe, you in the U.S. need to take action if you cannot make it to Detroit by contaacting your State Senator and U.S. House of Representative to tell them to Save Saab.
Saab History's colleague Saabs United are also stating that you can make also help make a difference, so check out their site too for the additional talking points and letter.
I sincerely urge you to contact these people by e-mail today, and by phone on Monday. Each Senators and Representative's office needs so many phone calls that it is overwhelming that they do something on Monday. Please take this initiative.
Here is the contact info and talking points.
Call Your US State Senators and US House Representatives TODAY!!!!!
Every US citizen who is concerned about Saab's future needs to ACT TODAY! Time is running out. A decision by GM not to sell Saab is unethical, injurious, arbitrary and simply bad business. This needs to be made more public! We need to alert the media and our elected politicians about this while there is still time to prevent GM from injuring all of us. Please follow the links below to find the US Senator and House Representative for your State. For your Representative you will need your zip code +4. I have included the US Postal link for your convenience.
Contact Info for Officials from the President to State Legislators:
Phone, Email, and Snail Mail for Your Congressional Representative:
Phone, Email, and Snail Mail for Your Senators:
Send an Email to the White House:
Saab Talking Points
* Important note! : Two deals exist (Spyker and Merbanco). Both match GM's initial offer for sale as well as address all the additional concerns raised by GM!
* What's At Stake?: As a result of GM's decision to shut down Saab, about 5,000 jobs will be lost at the dealership level in the US. It is not a very large number, but each of those losses can be avoided.
* Additional Information: The US taxpayer currently owns 61% of GM via $30+ billion of bailout funds and outstanding loans of an additional $4.5 billion.
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New Deadline For Saab Bid Is Pushed To January 7th
Posted on 30. Dec, 2009 by Ryan.
TTELA reports that a new deadline for the Saab bid is January 7th. It's also worth noting that Saab Automobile's factory is set to restart on January 11th, so let's use this as our final deadline if the 7th is delayed by a few days.
New deadline for Saab bid
Stockholm, General Motors, Saab Spykers deadline for bids has been pushed back to January 7, states Spykers CEO Victor Muller of Reuters.
Mullen will now be more potential buyers than Spyker.
– This is something we have not heard of it yet, "said Anette Hellgren, union president of the Union at Saab's Trollhattan factory, if the new deadline.
– I understand that the 31st was something that we thrust in the GM's side in connection with the settlement announcement. Contrary, I have taken it so that it will hold on until it is finished.
Anette Hellgren says GM for a discussion with Spyker and it not strange that it set a deadline.
But timing is not important, as Koenigsegg, referring to when they pulled out?
– That's it. There is a business plan that we so much want to follow.
– And the longer it drags on, the tougher it becomes, "says Anette Hellgren.
She does not believe there is a big gap between the end of December and January 7 from that aspect.
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Saab's Union, IF Metall, Plans To Contact U.S. Government
Posted on 30. Dec, 2009 by Ryan.
Swedish Radio & TTELA indicate that Saab Automobile's union, IF Metall plans to contact the White House.
Someone at Saab should contact the U.S. government for reviving negotiations on Saab's future.
Stefan Löfven, IF Metall Chairman
– We have decided to do all that is necessary. We want to know that when this is over, no matter how it ends, so we have done our very best, "said Stefan Löfven, president of IF Metall.
IF Metal, The Union of Sweden and engineers are trying to contact the U.S. government to influence negotiations on Saab's future. The U.S. government since the financial crisis is the majority shareholder in GM.
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Piazza del Campo is arguably the living and beating heart of Siena as well as an ideal starting point for your visit. Though initially created to serve as marketplace sporting a unique shell-like shape. Today, it ranks among the most prominent medieval piazzas on earth. The square remains instrumental in city's social life. The Sienese gather here during crucial political events as well as for parties and celebrations of all kinds. The biggest and most known event happening on Piazza del Campo is the Palio Horse race taking place bi-annually. Indeed, Piazza del Campo is one of THE places to see in Siena. Don't miss out!
When it comes to the best places to see in Siena, visiting the Cathedral should not miss on your to-do list. While the black and white facade is quite imposing, the best part of the church hides in its interior. The cathedral floor is covered in religious stories and esoteric symbols; the Piccolomini Library hides exceptional frescoes by Pinturicchio; the Piccolomini Chapel offers Michelangelo's carved statues of four niches and, after centuries of restoration, the cathedral's sky vault lets experience the temple from a whole new perspective. The vault known as 'the gate of heaven' is, at last, also open to the public.
Torre del Mangia is a lovely campanile (bell tower) commanding Siena's famous Piazza del Campo and the Public Palace. It dates to the 14th century and takes its curious name from its original guardian "Mangiaguadagni" (literally 'eater of earnings') since he spent all his salaries eating in local taverns. The tower rises 87 meters tall (102 meters if you count the lightning rod) and, at one point, it was the tallest non-religious structure in medieval Italy. In fact, it was built to appear to be the same height as the Siena cathedral so as to reflect the balance of power between the state and the church.
Forget about places to see in Siena, what about the wine! This beautiful medieval town's ideal location makes it a wine lover's dream come true. What does that mean? It means you can indulge it some of the best wines. Make for an enoteca and sample your way through an afternoon of fantastic reds and beautiful whites. You can stroll through Siena's historic center idly moving from wine bar to wine bar and never have to worry about tasting the same wine twice. Or, if you'd rather, grab a tour and be whipped off to one of the many surrounding wineries. Here, you can learn about wine making enjoying the breathtaking countryside.
Siena is not just famous for its exquisite medieval sights but also for one of the most authentic medieval festivals: the Palio Horse Race. Held two times a year on July 2 and August 16 (in honor of Virgin Mary), it features a thrillingly wild bareback horse race on Piazza del Campo, colorful pageants, street celebrations, as well as plenty of merry eating and drinking. Il Palio is one of the scarce surviving celebrations of its type in Italy and forms a large part of locals' lives since birth. So, if you are wondering what to do in Siena, experiencing the Palio or learning more about it in its many museums can't miss on your itinerary!


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Weintour Opening
17 April from 18:00 To get into the right mood for the wine tour Weinviertel, the winegrowers from Hohenruppersdorf and Martinsdorf invite you to a cabaret on Friday in an attractive ambience: Angelika Niedetzky presents her program "Best of". After the cabaret, the winegrowers' wines can be tasted at the longest Weinviertel DAC bar. Matching