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|Joanna Jaruszewicz-Błońska, Ph.D.
Doctoral thesis
|The influence of noise characteristics on the relative stability of attractors in bistable biochemical systems (IBIB PAN)
Recent publications
|Czerkies M., Korwek Z., Prus W., Kochańczyk M., Jaruszewicz-Błońska J., Tudelska K., Błoński S., Kimmel M.♦, Brasier A.R.♦, Lipniacki T., Cell fate in antiviral response arises in the crosstalk of IRF, NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways, Nature Communications, ISSN: 2041-1723, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02640-8, Vol.9, pp.493-1-14, 2018
The innate immune system processes pathogen-induced signals into cell fate decisions. How information is turned to decision remains unknown. By combining stochastic mathematical modelling and experimentation, we demonstrate that feedback interactions between the IRF3, NF-κB and STAT pathways lead to switch-like responses to a viral analogue, poly(I:C), in contrast to pulse-like responses to bacterial LPS. Poly(I:C) activates both IRF3 and NF-κB, a requirement for induction of IFNβ expression. Autocrine IFNβ initiates a JAK/STAT-mediated positive-feedback stabilising nuclear IRF3 and NF-κB in first responder cells. Paracrine IFNβ, in turn, sensitises second responder cells through a JAK/STAT-mediated positive feedforward pathway that upregulates the positive-feedback components: RIG-I, PKR and OAS1A. In these sensitised cells, the 'live-or-die' decision phase following poly(I:C) exposure is shorter—they rapidly produce antiviral responses and commit to apoptosis. The interlinked positive feedback and feedforward signalling is key for coordinating cell fate decisions in cellular populations restricting pathogen spread.Keywords:
cellular signalling networks, innate immunity, regulatory networks, stochastic modellingAffiliations:
|Kochańczyk M., Kocieniewski P., Kozłowska E.♦, Jaruszewicz-Błońska J., Sparta B.♦, Pargett M.♦, Albeck J.G.♦, Hlavacek W.S.♦, Lipniacki T., Relaxation oscillations and hierarchy of feedbacks in MAPK signaling, Scientific Reports, ISSN: 2045-2322, DOI: 10.1038/srep38244, Vol.7, pp.38244-1-15, 2017
We formulated a computational model for a MAPK signaling cascade downstream of the EGF receptor to investigate how interlinked positive and negative feedback loops process EGF signals into ERK pulses of constant amplitude but dose-dependent duration and frequency. A positive feedback loop involving RAS and SOS, which leads to bistability and allows for switch-like responses to inputs, is nested within a negative feedback loop that encompasses RAS and RAF, MEK, and ERK that inhibits SOS via phosphorylation. This negative feedback, operating on a longer time scale, changes switch-like behavior into oscillations having a period of 1 hour or longer. Two auxiliary negative feedback loops, from ERK to MEK and RAF, placed downstream of the positive feedback, shape the temporal ERK activity profile but are dispensable for oscillations. Thus, the positive feedback introduces a hierarchy among negative feedback loops, such that the effect of a negative feedback depends on its position with respect to the positive feedback loop. Furthermore, a combination of the fast positive feedback involving slow-diffusing membrane components with slower negative feedbacks involving faster diffusing cytoplasmic components leads to local excitation/global inhibition dynamics, which allows the MAPK cascade to transmit paracrine EGF signals into spatially non-uniform ERK activity pulses.Keywords:
MAPK signaling, Oscillations, Mathematical modellingAffiliations:
|Jaruszewicz-Błońska J., Lipniacki T., Genetic toggle switch controlled by bacterial growth rate, BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, ISSN: 1752-0509, DOI: 10.1186/s12918-017-0483-4, Vol.11, pp.117-1-11, 2017
Mathematical modeling, Stochastic simulations, Regulatory pathways, Bistability, DNA replication, Gene copy numberAffiliations:
|Jaruszewicz J., Kimmel M.♦, Lipniacki T., Stability of bacterial toggle switches is enhanced by cell-cycle lengthening by several orders of magnitude, PHYSICAL REVIEW E, ISSN: 1539-3755, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.89.022710, Vol.89, No.2, pp.022710-1-26, 2014
Bistable regulatory elements are important for nongenetic inheritance, increase of cell-to-cell heterogeneity allowing adaptation, and robust responses at the population level. Here, we study computationally the bistable genetic toggle switch—a small regulatory network consisting of a pair of mutual repressors—in growing and dividing bacteria. We show that as cells with an inhibited growth exhibit high stability of toggle states, cell growth and divisions lead to a dramatic increase of toggling rates. The toggling rates were found to increase with rate of cell growth, and can be up to six orders of magnitude larger for fast growing cells than for cells with the inhibited growth. The effect is caused mainly by the increase of protein and mRNA burst sizes associated with the faster growth. The observation that fast growth dramatically destabilizes toggle states implies that rapidly growing cells may vigorously explore the epigenetic landscape enabling nongenetic evolution, while cells with inhibited growth adhere to the local optima. This can be a clever population strategy that allows the slow growing (but stress resistant) cells to survive long periods of unfavorable conditions. Simultaneously, at favorable conditions, this stress resistant (but slowly growing—or not growing) subpopulation may be replenished due to a high switching rate from the fast growing population.Keywords:
Gene expression, Bistability, Stochastic processes, Genetic toggle switch, Cell growth and divisionAffiliations:
|Kochańczyk M., Jaruszewicz J., Lipniacki T., Stochastic transitions in a bistable reaction system on the membrane, JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE, ISSN: 1742-5689, DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0151, Vol.10, No.84, pp.1-12, 2013
Transitions between steady states of a multi-stable stochastic system in the perfectly mixed chemical reactor are possible only because of stochastic switching. In realistic cellular conditions, where diffusion is limited, transitions between steady states can also follow from the propagation of travelling waves. Here, we study the interplay between the two modes of transition for a prototype bistable system of kinase–phosphatase interactions on the plasma membrane. Within microscopic kinetic Monte Carlo simulations on the hexagonal lattice, we observed that for finite diffusion the behaviour of the spatially extended system differs qualitatively from the behaviour of the same system in the well-mixed regime. Even when a small isolated subcompartment remains mostly inactive, the chemical travelling wave may propagate, leading to the activation of a larger compartment. The activating wave can be induced after a small subdomain is activated as a result of a stochastic fluctuation. Such a spontaneous onset of activity is radically more probable in subdomains characterized by slower diffusion. Our results show that a local immobilization of substrates can lead to the global activation of membrane proteins by the mechanism that involves stochastic fluctuations followed by the propagation of a semi-deterministic travelling wave.Keywords:
multi-stability, Markov process, spatially extended system, kinetic Monte Carlo on the lattice, kinase autophosphorylation, cell signallingAffiliations:
|Jaruszewicz J., Żuk P.J.♦, Lipniacki T., Type of noise defines global attractors in bistable molecular regulatory systems, JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY, ISSN: 0022-5193, DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.10.004, Vol.317, pp.140-151, 2013
The aim of this study is to demonstrate that in molecular dynamical systems with the underlying bi- or multistability, the type of noise determines the most strongly attracting steady state or stochastic attractor. As an example we consider a simple stochastic model of autoregulatory gene with a nonlinear positive feedback, which in the deterministic approximation has two stable steady state solutions. Three types of noise are considered: transcriptional and translational – due to the small number of gene product molecules and the gene switching noise – due to gene activation and inactivation transitions. We demonstrate that the type of noise in addition to the noise magnitude dictates the allocation of probability mass between the two stable steady states. In particular, we found that when the gene switching noise dominates over the transcriptional and translational noise (which is characteristic of eukaryotes), the gene preferentially activates, while in the opposite case, when the transcriptional noise dominates (which is characteristic of prokaryotes) the gene preferentially remains inactive. Moreover, even in the zero-noise limit, when the probability mass generically concentrates in the vicinity of one of two steady states, the choice of the most strongly attracting steady state is noise type-dependent. Although the epigenetic attractors are defined with the aid of the deterministic approximation of the stochastic regulatory process, their relative attractivity is controlled by the type of noise, in addition to noise magnitude. Since noise characteristics vary during the cell cycle and development, such mode of regulation can be potentially employed by cells to switch between alternative epigenetic attractors.Keywords:
Gene expression, Bistability, Stochastic processes, Epigenetic attractorsAffiliations:
|Jaruszewicz J., Lipniacki T., Toggle switch: Noise determines the winning gene, PHYSICAL BIOLOGY, ISSN: 1478-3967, DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/10/3/035007, Vol.10, pp.035007-1-10, 2013
Bistable regulatory elements enhance heterogeneity in cell populations and, in multicellular organisms, allow cells to specialize and specify their fate. Our study demonstrates that in a system of bistable genetic switch, the noise characteristics control in which of the two epigenetic attractors the cell population will settle. We focus on two types of noise: the gene switching noise and protein dimerization noise. We found that the change of magnitudes of these noise components for one of the two competing genes introduces a large asymmetry of the protein stationary probability distribution and changes the relative probability of individual gene activation. Interestingly, an increase of noise associated with a given gene can either promote or suppress the activation of the gene, depending on the type of noise. Namely, each gene is repressed by an increase of its gene switching noise and activated by an increase of its protein-product dimerization noise. The observed effect was found robust to the large, up to fivefold deviations of the model parameters. In summary, we demonstrated that noise itself may determine the relative strength of the epigenetic attractors, which may provide a unique mode of control of cell fate decisions.Keywords:
Gene expression, Bistability, Stochastic processes, Genetic toggle switchAffiliations:
|Żuk P.J.♦, Kochańczyk M., Jaruszewicz J., Bednorz W.♦, Lipniacki T., Dynamics of a stochastic spatially extended system predicted by comparing deterministic and stochastic attractors of the corresponding birth–death process, PHYSICAL BIOLOGY, ISSN: 1478-3967, DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/9/5/055002, Vol.9, pp.055002-1-12, 2012
Living cells may be considered as biochemical reactors of multiple steady states. Transitions between these states are enabled by noise, or, in spatially extended systems, may occur due to the traveling wave propagation. We analyze a one-dimensional bistable stochastic birth–death process by means of potential and temperature fields. The potential is defined by the deterministic limit of the process, while the temperature field is governed by noise. The stable steady state in which the potential has its global minimum defines the global deterministic attractor. For the stochastic system, in the low noise limit, the stationary probability distribution becomes unimodal, concentrated in one of two stable steady states, defined in this study as the global stochastic attractor. Interestingly, these two attractors may be located in different steady states. This observation suggests that the asymptotic behavior of spatially extended stochastic systems depends on the substrate diffusivity and size of the reactor. We confirmed this hypothesis within kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of a bistable reaction–diffusion model on the hexagonal lattice. In particular, we found that although the kinase–phosphatase system remains inactive in a small domain, the activatory traveling wave may propagate when a larger domain is considered.Keywords:
multi-stability, Markov process, spatially extended system, kinetic Monte Carlo on the lattice, cell signallingAffiliations:
List of chapters in recent monographs
|Kochańczyk M., Jaruszewicz-Błońska J., Hat B., Kocieniewski P., Czerkies M., Prus W., Korwek Z., Kimmel M.♦, Lipniacki T., Modelowanie procesów fizjologicznych i patologicznych, rozdział: Modelowanie sieci sygnałowych, Akademicka Oficyna Wydawnicza Exit, pp.541-583, 2018
Conference papers
|Jaruszewicz J., Żuk P.J.♦, Lipniacki T., Probability density functions in bistable gene activation Model with two types of noise, 16th National Conference on Applications of Mathematics in Biology and Medicine, 2010-09-14/09-18, Krynica (PL), pp.47-52, 2010
The aim of this study is to demonstrate that in dynamical systems with underlying bistability the type of noise qualitatively influences the stationary probability distribution (SPD). Specifically, we consider a simplified model of gene expression with the nonlinear positive feedback, which in the deterministic approximation has two stable steady state solutions. Two types of noise are considered; transcriptional - due to the limited number of protein molecules, and gene switching noise - due to gene activation and inactivation. In the limit of zero noise, the SPD generically concentrates in the decreasing vicinity of one of the two stable steady states. We demonstrated that for a range of parameters the SPD corresponding to the system with transcriptional noise only concentrates around a different steady state than SPD corresponding to the system with gene switching noise only.Keywords:
Gene expression, Bistability, Stochastic processes, Epigenetic attractorsAffiliations:


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Busy week as General Assembly goes down to the wire
The final days and hours of the General Assembly are always hectic. But nothing is quite as dramatic as a tie vote in the Senate. Such was the recent ballot for a publicly administered board to create IRA plans for workers in small businesses that don't offer retirement savings. It would select a vendor to create Roth IRAs for participants who make more than $5,000 a year. An estimated 600,000 workers in Connecticut do not have retirement plans.
Lt. Gov. Nancy Wyman broke the 18-18 to send the bill to Gov. Dannel P. Malloy.
Oregon and Illinois already have laws on the books for the implementation of similar plans starting in July 2017. Maryland just passed their bill through the House and Senate with veto-proof majorities, unlike Connecticut. And California is poised to pass their bill this session.
So when was the last time Wyman, who presides over the Senate, broke a tie? It was June 2011, when she cast the deciding vote in favor of the law to decriminalize the possession of small amounts of marijuana.
Putting the boo in boot
Malloy, however, is expected to veto the retirement bill, he told reporters on Friday, because it lacked non-voting members of the board from the executive branch, so it would be out of conformity with existing state statutes.
Remembering a friend
Both the House and Senate recently held remembrances for the late Rep. Terry Backer, the Long Island Soundkeeper who grew up in Norwalk and lived in Stratford. Sen. Kevin Kelly, R-Stratford, last week remembered that Backer "fit right in" around the Lordship neighborhood that abuts Long Island Sound in his town.
"He was genuine," Kelly said. "When you talked to Terry, he told you straight what was on his mind. He had no airs. And Terry was someone who gave his life to make sure our Sound was protected."
Kelly said he'd often encounter Backer at a local deli on Sundays. "I can't tell you how much I miss those conversations now that Terry is not here," he said.
Sen. Ted Kennedy Jr., D-Branford, said he met Backer many years ago. His cousin, Bobby Kennedy Jr., son of the slain 1968 Democratic presidential candidate, and who is the chief attorney for the national Riverkeeper organization, gave Backer's eulogy in December.
"Terry was the most effective member of that organization, holding polluters accountable to discharges and debris in Long Island Sound," Kennedy told his fellow senators.
"I remember how easy it was to become friends with Terry," said Sen. Toni Boucher, R-Wilton. "We have the same initials, and it became kind of a joke."
Boucher had a friend in Lordship who once put a "Boucher" campaign sign on Backer's lawn. "He had a deep expertise, a deep love and passion for the work we do in the General Assembly," she said.
"He had so much strength about him, and he didn't really care what people thought of him," said Senate Majority LeaderBob Duff, D-Norwalk, who was Backer's first House campaign manager, in 1992 . "He was probably the most underestimated person in the entire world."
Wearing trademark jeans, sneakers and denim shirts, as co-chairman of the legislative Energy Committee, Backer would loudly dismiss lobbyists with whom he would talk truth to persuasion.
"He would put them right in their place," Duff said. "He never got away from being himself."
A penny for your pizza wars
Malloy was taciturn when he exited the Senate offices Tuesday night after an apparent deal with Democratic leaders on a new budget that addresses the projected $930 million. Trailing reporters like an all-pro running back shedding tacklers in his quick walk back to his Capitol office, Malloy stopped quickly outside the Senate Republican caucus room to pick up a penny.
"When you guys are too important to pick up a penny, there's something wrong," said the suddenly superstitious governor, who also turned down the pizza that fortified the two-hour meeting.
"It wasn't my pizza," Speaker of the House Brendan Sharkey said an hour later. "It was the Senate's pizza. When the Senate gets pizza it's a different story than when the House gets pizza. When they get pizza, they don't know where to get pizza."
Putting it mildly
First the Senate, then the House approved legislation to give cash-strapped Bridgeport a break for six years on its pension payments. Senators Rob Kane, R-Watertown and Tony Hwang, R-Fairfield, gave Sen. Ed Gomes a hard time when the bill hit the Senate Tuesday. Kane asked some financial details that Gomes couldn't provide. He then asked if Gomes was aware of Hartford's fiscal troubles, which are widely known.
"I've heard rumors of it," the longtime union negotiator replied, curtly.
Kane, whose district includes Oxford and part of Seymour, asked why former Bridgeport Mayor Bill Finch didn't budget for the full pension obligations.
"How could that be?" Kane persisted. "Was this something that was unanticipated; that just appeared or was it something that they purposely deferred in their own budgetary process?"
"I was not part of the past administration, so I couldn't answer clearly on that," said Gomes, who feuded with Finch for years, but came around to support him, until Secretary of the State Denise Merrill ruled Finch could not run as an independent candidate for re-election.
Speaking truth to conveyance
Rep. Roberta Willis, an eighth-term lawmaker who is not running for re-election, was behind a move to propose a constitutional amendment to prevent state lawmakers from giving away property. Every year there are nearly a dozen "conveyance" actions, such as the parcel of Silver Sands State Park that became a Milford parking lot and which some in that city now want for residents-only parking. The bill won approval last week but it failed to obtain the three-quarters vote in the House needed to get it on the ballot this November. However, if the next General Assembly approves the bill, it will be on the 2016 statewide ballot.
"The problem has been that the conveyance bill comes out before us and there's never an opportunity to vet what's in it, really adequately," she told reporters before the House vote. "You don't know if it's a valid transfer for 10 feet of right of way, or you're giving away valuable lands that should be held in the public trust. There's no public review and there's not even time for a legislator to fully appreciate what's in there. That has been what is happening. This is land in the public trust and we can't be trusted," she said with a laugh. "This is to protect public lands from us."
Going to the Dogs
Beth Chapman, the Hawaiian who stars with her husband on a TV show about bounty hunters, was in the Capitol last week trying to kill a portion of the "Second Chance Society" bill that Malloy wants. It would let nonviolent defendants have reduced bail amounts, thus reducing jail crowding and cutting down on the number of indigent defendants, mostly minority men, who can sit in jail for months, for want of a few hundred dollars. It would also eat into the bail-bond industry's bottom line.
Showing he's a good sport, Malloy let the woman known as "Mrs. Dog" into his office for a photo. Malloy is only slightly cringing in the picture. House Minority Leader Themis Klarides, R-Derby, found the photo funny.
"By the way, that smile on his face I've never seen," she quipped to reporters, including a brace of TV photographers, the day after the Legislature finished. "It couldn't have been more uncomfortable. That is what my mother would call a - I never understood this term before in my whole life - (spit)-eating grin."
Warning signs
At one point, before the final legislative rush last Wednesday, Sen. Mike McLachlan, R-Danbury, stood in strident opposition of a bill that would change handicapped signage to include silhouettes of wheelchair riders with a slight slant to the right, portraying motion.
Behind McLachlan, in his wheelchair, was Jon Slifka, who is on the governor's cabinet as an advocate for the disability community. Slifka, who had shepherded the bill through public hearings, committee votes and finally the last day of the session, did not look happy. But the bill passed and if signed into law by his boss, Malloy, the state's ubiquitous handicapped signage will eventually evolve.
"It's been a learning process, that's for sure," Slifka said in his Capitol office on the morning after.
Darth Sharkey
At 1:58 on May 4, the final day of the General Assembly session, Speaker of the House Brendan Sharkey kicked off the day's activities by paying homage to "Star Wars."
"May the Fourth be with you," he said, joining in the international Fourth Be With You silliness.


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NEW YORK (CBSNewYork) — Students at the Frank Sinatra School for the Arts in Queens were treated Wednesday to a performance by none other than Sir Paul McCartney.
McCartney is in town to promote his new album, "New, which is set for release next Tuesday. Fellow music legend Tony Bennett, who founded the high school, tweeted a photo of McCartney sitting at his piano painted in psychedelic colors, before an auditorium full of students clapping along and raising their hands.
Bennett was present for the performance at the school, at 35-12 35th Ave. in Queens, along with McCartney's wife, Nancy Shevell, and about 400 students, according to published reports. The event was hosted by radio disc jockey Jim Kerr.
McCartney played a handful of songs from his new album, but started with the Beatles classic "Eight Days a Week," according to a Rolling Stone account of the performance. Other Beatles and Wings numbers were also on the set list, including "Lady Madonna," "Blackbird," "Jet," "Band on the Run," "We Can Work it Out," "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!," "Back in the U.S.S.R.," and "Hey Jude," the magazine reported.
In between songs, he also answered questions from the students.
Many asked questions about McCartney's earliest days performing, the magazine reported. When one girl asked the greatest lesson he learned, McCartney said he learned that "people don't mind" mistakes onstage, and in fact, "actually kind of like it," according to the magazine.
McCartney said the first time he felt like he'd truly made it was when he heard "Love Me Do" on the radio during a drive for Liverpool to London and it set in that he was listening to himself, according to a New York Times account.
After McCartney ended the show with "Hey Jude" and left the stage, the students continued the song's "na-na-na" refrain even after filing out of the auditorium, Rolling Stone reported.
McCartney's performance coincidentally came on what would have been the 73rd birthday of his Beatles colleague and songwriting partner John Lennon. Miles away in SoHo Tuesday, Yoko Ono opened an exhibition of Lennon's drawings to help raise money for Citymeals-on-Wheels.
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Infectious Disease Online
Pathology of Rift Valley Fever
Rift valley fever is an arboviral disease produced by a bunyavirus belonging to the genus Phlebovirus.
Several species of Aedes and Culex are the vectors of this virus that affects sheep, goats, buffalos, cattle, camels and human beings.
The human disease is well known, especially during periods of intense epizootic activity.
The initial description of the disease dates back to 1930, when animals and human outbreaks appeared on a farm in Lake Naivasha, in the Great Rift Valley of Kenya.
Until 2000, this disease was only described in Africa, and there have been cases in southern and eastern Africa and in the Sudan and Egypt.
Later outbreaks were also declared in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (2000-2001 and 2004) and in Yemen (2000-2001).
Clinical presentation: In human nonspecific, influenza-like symptoms (headace, fever, myalgia, etc) are prominent. Hemorrhagic complications resembling those of yellow fever develop in some patients and may be fatal.
Further reading:
Feeding pattern of Rift Valley Fever virus vectors in Senegal. Implications in the disease epidemiology.
Rift Valley fever in West Africa: the role of space in endemicity.
Application of knowledge-driven spatial modelling approaches and uncertainty management to a study of Rift Valley fever in Africa.
Descriptive and spatial epidemiology of rift valley Fever outbreak in yemen 2000-2001.
Pathologic studies on suspect animal and human cases of Rift Valley fever from an outbreak in Eastern Africa, 2006-2007.
Severe Rift Valley fever may present with a characteristic clinical syndrome.
Rift Valley Fever virus infections in Egypt: Pathological and virological findings in man.
Pathogenesis of viral hemorrhagic fevers: Rift Valley fever and Lassa fever contrasted.
Isolation of Rift Valley fever virus from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: Mauritanian epidemic.
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Leathergoods & Footwear Manufacturers & Exporters Association of Bangladesh (LFMEAB) is a tread organization representing the manufacturers and exporters of leathergoods & footwear in Bangladesh. LFMEAB was established in 2003 by Nasser Rahman. The association is a member of FBCCI.
Its main objects are to unite all the companies involved in the business of leather goods & footwear in the country; creates a healthy business environment; promotes a close relationship among the leather goods & footwear manufacturing companies; promotes mutually beneficial relationship with foreign buyers; represents a body and puts forwards suggestions on behalf of the members in government and non-government level regarding the matters of leather-goods and footwear business in the country and so on. After all, as a recognized trade body, LFMEAB deals with all the issues related to its arena and works for the interest of its members.
The current President of LFMEAB is Syed Nasim Manzur, Managing Director of Apex Footwear Limited (AFL).
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Here's Why You Should Consider Converting Your Music To A=432 HzArticle Source: http://www.collective-evolution.com/2013/12/21/heres-why-you-should-convert-your-music-to-432hz/
"If you want to find the secrets of the universe, think in terms of energy, frequency and vibration." – Nikola Tesla
"What we have called matter is energy, whose vibration has been so lowered as to be perceptible to the senses. There is no matter." – Albert Einstein
Mathematics of The Universe
"From my own observations, some of the harmonic overtone partials of A=432hz 12T5 appear to line up to natural patterns and also the resonance of solitons. Solitons need a specific range to form into the realm of density and span from the micro to the macro cosmos. Solitons are not only found in water mechanics, but also in the ion-acoustic breath between electrons and protons." – Brian T. Collins
Color Spectrum Resonance
"The Solar Spectrum & The Cosmic Keyboard:
All of the frequencies in the spectrum are related in octaves, from gamma rays to subharmonics. These colors and notes are also related to our Chakras and other important energy centers. If we are to understand that (…) Chakras are connected to the Seven Rays of the Solar Spectrum, then the notes and frequencies we use for the same should be the same. A432 Hz is the tuning of the Cosmic Keyboard or Cosmic Pitchfork, as opposed to the A440 Hz modern 'standard.' It places C# at 136.10 Hz 'Om,' which is the main note of the Sitar in classical Indian music and the pitch of the chants of the Tibetan monks, who tell us 'It comes from nature.'" –Dameon Keller
Exploring The Difference
"The ancients tuned their instruments at an A of 432 Hz instead of 440 Hz – and for a good reason. There are plenty of music examples on the internet that you can listen to, in order to establish the difference for yourself. Attuning the instrument to 432 Hz results in a more relaxing sound, while 440 Hz slightly tenses up to body. This is because 440 Hz is out of tune with both macrocosmos and microcosmos. 432 Hz on the contrary is in tune. To give an example of how this is manifested microcosmically: our breath (0,3 Hz) and our puls (1,2 Hz) relate to the frequency of the lower octave of an A of 432 Hz (108 Hz) as 1:360 and 1:90." – innergarden.org"The overall sound difference was noticeable, the 432 version sounding warmer, clearer and instantly sounded more listenable but the 440 version felt tighter, with more aggressive energy." – Anonymous guitarist
Here's another example:
David Helpling – Sticks and Stones in 440 hz: http://youtu.be/PewsS9Y9pVo
David Helpling – Sticks and Stones in 432 hz: http://youtu.be/w8KEVikJMck
Personal Thoughts
"Music based on C=128hz (C note in concert A=432hz) will support humanity on its way towards spiritual freedom. The inner ear of the human being is built on C=128 hz" – Rudolph Steiner
- Omega432: http://omega432.com/432-music/the-importance-of-432hz-music
- Inner Garden: http://www.innergarden.org/en/article1.html
- Daemon Keller: http://dameonkeller.wix.com/esotericartschicago#!sound-&-vibration-and-color-&-light
- Veritas: http://www.medicalveritas.org/MedicalVeritas/Musical_Cult_Control.html
- ZenGardner: http://www.zengardner.com/440hz-music-conspiracy-to-detune-us-from-natural-432hz-harmonics/
- Why Don't You Try This: http://www.whydontyoutrythis.com/2013/08/440hz-music-conspiracy-to-detune-good-vibrations-from-natural-432hz.html
- Attuned Vibrations: http://attunedvibrations.com/432hz/
- Humans Are Free: http://humansarefree.com/2011/05/432-hz-vs-440-hz-documentary.html


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Program Details
Ages: Boys 2004 – 2007, Girls 2004 – 2007
Format: 11v11 with goalies and referees; 40-minute halves; full-size fields
Buddy Requests: Multiple requests permitted
Days: Two 90 minute practices per week, games on Saturday
Practice Times: Selected by volunteer coaches
Our "Play-through" program is designed for older players who want to participate in a full-field, 11v11 format but prefer to remain in a rec environment. It is an extension of the regular Fall Rec program, utilizing the same schedule, uniforms, and volunteer structure as the younger age groups.
"Why is the program called Play-through?" Registration in the middle school and high school age groups tends to be lower overall for Bay Area soccer leagues. To remedy this, many leagues opt to partner with one another to form combined playing leagues for older players. Teams are able to participate in such programs through the support of their home league, hence the term "Play-through." Los Gatos United partners with Almaden Valley Youth Soccer League, which allows us to offer players a little more variety by fielding more teams while keeping travel to a minimum.
In order to attract more players to the program, the league makes an extra effort to place players with their friends, schoolmates, and former teammates whenever possible. Head coaches are permitted to request a handful of specific players for their team. Players may also provide a list of several friends for consideration, as well as a coach request. In most cases, preferences can be accommodated, but the Commissioner reserves the right to decline any request that would result in an unacceptable skill differential between teams.
Volunteer coaches are desperately needed for this program. Previous coaching experience is not required, and the weekly time commitment is minimal. If you're interested in volunteering for the position of coach or assistant coach, please register online. If you would like more information about the program, please email the Rec Director at email@example.com.
Practice & Key Dates
Game schedules will be available on September 1st. All Play-through league games are played on Saturdays at Los Gatos School District and Almaden fields.
Practice times and location will be set and communicated by your coach.
|Registration Opens
|Late registration begins
|Registration closes
|8/19 (week)
|Rec coaches meeting
|8/19 (week)
|Team assignments & practice schedules available
|8/26 (week)
|Practices start
|First games of the season
|Photo Day
|Make-up photo day
|Last day of games


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1.Standard Shipping(10-12 Days):
We Provide Standard Shipping to US which comes with an online tracking number. Orders can be tracked through
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We can ship worldwide by DHL or UPS.If you require rush order, you can choose The Express Shipping option which can be tracked through.
Note: Once your order is shipped out, you will receive a tracking number by Email from us. If you don't receive it by any chance, please contact us at: firstname.lastname@example.com
How to wear clip in extensions
How to Care for Human Hair Extensions
Displaying 1 to 6 (of 6 reviews)
by Legions
I bought this for my girlfriend to add to her wig collections. Really affordable price for real human hair! The color matches hers and it blends in completely.
Rating: [5 of 5 Stars]
by Immer.C.H
Rating: [5 of 5 Stars]
by Anastasia
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Rating: [5 of 5 Stars]
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Rating: [5 of 5 Stars]
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Rating: [5 of 5 Stars]
Displaying 1 to 6 (of 6 reviews)


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Parents can do a lot to promote learning-through-play at home using everyday items, but sometimes people simply run out of fresh ideas. By the time they're in preschool, children have a pretty good command of the language, a love of pretend, an unquenchable thirst for new things, and a growing attention span. They also thrive on using the familiar in unusual ways. Turn your home into a place a child can "think outside of the box". Model this kind of play to inspire and stimulate their critical thinking skills. Here are some inexpensive ways to have fun together while neurologically firing on all cylinders!
1. Choice-making/Adding
Play pretend grocery store at home. Make money out of cut-up paper or raid your change jar. Put out some used grocery bags and set out canned/boxed foods and fruits/veggies at child-eye level. The shopper can even make a list and go shopping, and the grocery clerk can count the items and manage the money. Now trade places!
2. Empathy Drama
Play hospital with stuffed animals and dolls as patients. Use strips of masking tape for bandages and use tiny spoons for medicine. Homemade "Get Well" cards are a nice touch!
3. Writing/Erasing
Use cornmeal on a cookie sheet to make your own simple etch-a-sketch for letters and numbers. Draw with a finger and carefully shake side-to-side, to erase and start again.
4. Assessing Same/Different
Use an empty egg carton or muffin tin to sort and classify items: beans, macaroni, cereal, costume jewelry, office supplies, etc.
5. Listening Carefully
Play the "I Spy" game, describing what you see in plain sight, and let the other guess.
6. Creating Literature
Let your child make up and dictate a story to you; write down exactly what they say and read it together afterwards. For more fun, record the reading of the story with a phone!
7. Measuring Distances
Use your actual "feet" to measure distances of places in the house. Guess how many "feet" it is and then walk off the distance to check. Make a list of what you learn.
8. Visual Discrimination
Make a lotto matching game with duplicate photo cards of family members and pets.
9. Concept of Weight
Get out the scale and weigh various items in the house to explore weight and mass concepts. Some things will be huge but will weigh less than others that are smaller. What?! Make a list of what you learn. Put things in a row, in order of weight.
10. Memorization
Play the memory game, "What's Missing?" Gather a few small household items together, show them to the child, then put them underneath a kitchen towel. With the child's eyes closed, the parent sneaks out one of the items and puts it behind him/her. Whip off the towel….what's missing? Take turns with your child, sneaking and guessing. You can make it harder by adding more items.
By Lisa Poelle


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I good man..
Im looking at you through the glass,dont know how much time has passed. Oh god,it feels like forever,and no one ever tells you that forever feels like home,sitting all alone inside your head.. And its the stars,the stars,that shine for you.. That lie to you


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Olive Oil Salted Caramel 3 Ways
1 cup granulated sugar
1/4 cup water
1/4 cup Extra Virgin Olive Oil
1/2 cup table cream
A pinch of coarse salt
Place the sugar and water in a pan over medium heat. Stir to dissolve the sugar. Using a pastry brush dipped in some water, brush down the sides of the pan to remove any sugar crystals. As the mixture heats up do not stir it, just swirl. The water will completely evaporate and the sugar will quickly start to turn color. Continue to swirl until an amber color is reached. At this point, turn off the heat and pour in the cream and stir. This mixture may turn into a hard ball initially but it will smooth out. Then drizzle in the olive oil and use a whisk to incorporate. Finally sprinkle with a pinch of coarse salt.
Over Ice-cream
Vanilla Ice cream
Chocolate Bon bons – rewrite
Caramel Sauce in a small sandwich bag
1 cup Melted Dark Chocolate
Pour the melted chocolate into the mould and fill to the top. Once filled, tip the mould upside down over the bowl you stirred the chocolate in and tip out any excess. Use an off set spatula to scrape any excess chocolate from the top of the mould. Put the mould into the fridge for 10 minutes to set
Put your caramel sauce into a piping bag or small sandwich bag and make a small hole (about 2mm) in the bottom. Remove your mould from the fridge. Carefully pipe about ½ tsp of caramel sauce into each chocolate. You want to leave a gap of about 2mm at the top of each one for adding the chocolate base. Place in the freezer for ten minutes.
Pour the remaining melted chocolate over the mould (if you've reheated it make sure it's not too hot) and one again scrape away the excess. Place in the fridge for another 10 minutes and then pop out when your ready to eat.
Salted Caramel Latte
1 Shot of espresso
2 tbsp caramel, plus extra for decoration
2 cups whole fat milk
Begin by placing the milk into a large mason jar, screw the lid on and shake vigorously for 60 seconds. Take off the lid and microwave for 60 seconds.
In a large mug combine the espresso and 2 tablespoons of caramel. Using a spoon to hold back the foam, pour in the milk 2 cm from he top of the mug. Then spoon over the foam and drizzle with a small amount of the caramel.


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Today, we went to visit Ursinus College in (strangely enough) Collegeville, PA.
Our son has been accepted there and may be attending in the Fall. I, however, had not yet seen the campus, so the guys took me for a look-see.
What a beautiful place!
Everything was in bloom and the campus was preparing for graduation tomorrow. Along with the flowers everywhere, the campus is itself an outdoor modern art museum.
The architecture is a good smattering of old and new buildings. There are lots of nice facilities, and from what we saw and heard, a great attitude toward learning and an actual interest in education for education's sake. It's a lovely place to spend a few years and
it seems to be everything a small liberal arts college should be.
Our son, with his many and varied interests, is quite pleased, as are we.
No actual work done today... nice to have a day with the guys. I did meet with some of my lampworking friends last night to share some ideas for future shows, etc.


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The Activity Log provides a history of actions by the ThousandEyes users in your organization. Activity data is retained for 2 years. The Activity Log is accessed from the Activity Log tab under the Account Settings menu. Events such as test creation, updates, deletions, login, logout, and other activities are tracked. Timeout events (i.e. when a user's login session times out) are not tracked by the Activity Log. Timestamp and User metadata are also displayed for each event.
Table of Contents
Activity Log
The following figure shows an example of what you might see when accessing the Activity Log:
There are three main components in this view:
1) Activity Table
For each event the following information is logged:
- Timestamp in coordinated universal time (UTC)
- Account Group in which the action was performed
- User performing the activity
- Event type
- Component accessed by the User
- Description of the event
The entries displayed in your view of the Activity Log depend on your role within the organization:
- Users having the Org Admin role will see activities from all users across all accounts in the organization.
- Users having the Account Admin role will see activities from users in your account only.
- If you are a Regular User, you will see a history of your logins and logouts.
2) Time Range Selection
The Time Range Selector allows you to set the period for which you wish to view events in the table. As can be seen in the following screenshot, there are quick selectors for the
Last 24 hours, Last 7 days, Last 1 month, etc.
You may also select a specific range of time with the Custom Time Range box. The following screenshot shows the Custom Time Range:
Clicking inside the gray box under Custom Time Range (1) will display a dialog. You can select a range of time using the From and To fields. Once you have specified your desired range, click the Apply button to display the results.
3) Filters
Filters allow you to select specify what information you wish to see in the Activity Log. The following filters are available:
- Event Type - The category of the logged activity, such as Administration, System, Operation, Exception, etc.
- Component - The module of the platform which was affected by the logged activity.
- Account Group - The Account Group from which the logged activity originated.
- User - The user who initiated the logged activity.
- IP Address - The IP address from which the logged activity originated.
- Event - Short description of the logged activity.
4) Download a the Activity Log as a list
To export the Activity log as a listing, click the Download Button and select Download as a CSV file.
Advanced Topics
Using Filters on Specified Time RangesWhen applying filters on specific time ranges, the filters are locked to that specific time range. Any additional filters added will continue to show results from the specified time range. If you change the time range, the filters will continue to show data from the previous time range you had selected. In order to show data which corresponds to your newly selected time range, you will need to remove and reapply all filters after the new time range has been selected.
How Sign-On Settings Affect the Activity Log
Related Information
- Role-based Access Control discusses the model for user and user group management utilized by the ThousandEyes platform.
- Working with Account settings explains how to manage your own user account, security settings, contact information, and information about your organization.


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Preconception Topics
Featured Preconception Articles
Pregnancy Topics
Featured Pregnancy Articles
Baby Topics
Featured Baby Articles
Kids Topics
Featured Kids Articles
Lifestyle Topics
Featured Lifestyle Articles
Featured Blogs
EFTV Topics
Featured Episodes
Throughout your baby's first year of life, you will find that you have many questions, many doctors' visits, and many concerns. We know you might have the pediatrician's office on speed dial, but they don't have to be your only resource. Let us help you find the information you need with the following articles, written by experts and mothers like you.
Growth & Development
Nutrition & Feeding
Baby Health & Safety
Sleep Solutions
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Mom's Post-Pregnancy Health
Parenting My Baby
With the approach of cold and flu season, most parents are interested in doing everything ... Read More
If your baby's shots are approaching, and you're feeling worried about whether they ... Read More
I admit that when it comes to vaccines, I have had just as many questions as ... Read More
Learn what the CDC's Child Immunization Schedule is, from birth through 18 ... Read More
In February, 1998, an article was published in a well-regarded British ... Read More
Many parents feel concerned about the seemingly vast number of inoculations a child has ... Read More
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How to build a sales force with an Ironman attitude
An Ironman event comprises of a 3.8 km swim, 180 km on a bike and a 42.2km run. Written like that, it's a straightforward statement, but to complete one requires commitment and the right attitude.
What's described above is the same as what goes on in your business. Let's say you have a target of $5mAUD to achieve this fiscal – you need to know you can count on your team to make it happen, because if you can't, you may as well go home. So, using some of the knowledge and insights from the Incredibleresults Sales Academy, and my personal experiences of Ironman, here's 5 quick tips on how to build a sales force with the right kind of attitude.
It's ok to have different personalities
People who participate in Ironman are just like a sales team. Some will brag incessantly and bore you to death with tales of what makes them so successful. Others will quietly get on with it and accept awards with humility. Some just want to get there faster than the guy 10 years younger than them. These personalities each have the same goal, but they'll address it in different ways depending on their motivation, the challenge for you is to make sure you understand what that is.
Understand the personalities, and you'll understand their motivators
Not everyone wants a medal
If you acknowledge that everyone's drivers are different, increasing every sales person's quota by 10% may not give you the desired results. Think about who wants to beat their personal best, who just wants to finish the race and who craves the top spot on the podium. Giving each of your sales people a challenge that is truly personal to them will get you the biggest buy-in.
Make the success of the business a truly personal matter
Do your team understand what's required?
It's unlikely that anyone's turned up for an Ironman and been surprised that they have to swim, but lots of people accept sales roles without understanding what's required of them, and plenty of sales managers hire people expecting them to instinctively know what's needed. Make sure you are crystal clear when it comes to targets – especially if your sales people sell a range of products or services.
Be clear and check understanding
Have your team got the right skills?
There's a whole myriad of skills involved in the selling process so make a list of what you expect your team to be able to do – i.e: negotiate, influence, prospect, close. Then look at your team and assess what they can do, and what they need help with. Be honest – it's not possible to improve if you can never pinpoint areas for adjustment or growth.
Regularly assess your team – even elite sales people benefit from coaching
Practice and predictability creates permanency
Anyone participating in an Ironman will have a series of smaller competitions planned in to improve their speed, strength, stamina and (crucially) keep them in the correct mindset. Help your team get there by making sure you have reviews, training and coaching scheduled in at regular intervals throughout the year – they should not be a surprise. Doing so helps create an atmosphere of continuous growth through personal commitment to development. This generates positive habits in your sales people (and helps you to establish which ones aren't bringing the right attitude to the table).
Creating a framework for growth encourages the right behaviours
That's just a few thoughts on how you can create the right kind of attitude in your sales force;
Our Next Incredible Sales Academy workshop
Date: 4th May 2017
Time: Starting at 9am
Length of workshop: 2.5 hours
Location: Microsoft North Ryde
Cost: Free
Event Details: Join sales experts Rebekah Tucker & Luke Debono to hear some fresh ideas and perspectives on the world of selling, and how to overcome some of the common challenges that result from the misplaced psychology of the sales person, and ultimately cost your business. This workshop is a practical, no-nonsense look at dealing with the roadblocks that hold sales people back. These include:
Failing to uncover the truth from prospects
- Lacking the guts and skill to prospect effectively
- Wasting time on opportunities that are dead end
- Getting wishy-washy outcomes to meetings, and not knowing where you stand
- Being pushed around by prospects wanting free consulting
- Not recognising negotiating games and discounting too readily
- Forecasting is inaccurate and hopeful
- Not getting access to key stakeholders- too comfortable with middle management
- Making the same mistakes regularly and not learning from them
- Making excuses for mediocre sales performance or deal losses
- Not uncovering the real reasons why the prospect should choose you


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Easy cheesy garlic bread is the best bread you ever tasted.
It has everything soft chewy bread on the inside with sharp garlic and cheese, cheese and more cheese! Eat it as a side dish with a bowl of soup or as a starter. Take a bite in this crispy pull-apart garlic bread that is warm and soft on the inside. You will make it every time. Are you ready to learn how to make homemade cheesy garlic bread? Let's get started!
This is really the superlative of garlic bread. It is better than any garlic bread you have eaten in a restaurant.
Why? Because it is the perfect mix of a number of individual parts.
Garlic bread secrets
Let me tell you some simple garlic bread secrets:
- Fresh bread – garlic bread should be made using fresh bread. This may be obvious but I can't count the number of times we got old stale bread in a restaurant they tried to revive in the oven
- Fresh butter – the same applies to the garlic butter. Get fresh butter and let it go soft outside of the fridge
- Crushed garlic – when using garlic do not mince it with a knife but crush the garlic with a pestle and mortar. This will release some oil but also takes away the sharpness of the garlic
- Cheese mix – use a mix of cheese like mozzarella and parmesan that work together perfectly. The Mozzarella will go soft and bubbly with the parmesan adds some salty taste
- Bake and broil – you not only bake the bread in the oven but you also put the bread under the broiler
Garlic bread ingredients
To make this cheesy garlic bread you need just a couple of ingredients:
- Crusty white bread
- Shredded hard mozzarella
- Parmesan
- Unsalted butter
- Garlic
- Fresh parsley
How to make homemade garlic bread with cheese
Start this recipe with the garlic butter. Let the butter go soft and crush the garlic in a pestle and mortar. Then mince the fresh parsley.
Then add the garlic and finely chopped parsley to the butter. Stir the garlic and parsley until you have a well-combined butter.
Cut the loaf of bread in half, length way and spread the garlic butter on the inside of the bread. Preheat the oven to 350℉/175℃.
Put the halved bread on a baking tray buttered side up. Bake the bread in the middle of the oven for 15 minutes. Take the bread out of the oven.
Turn the oven to broil. Then first sprinkle the parmesan on the bread. Then cover all of the bread with the hard mozzarella including the edges.
Return the baking tray under the broiler for 4-5 minutes or until the cheese is bubbling and has brown patches.
Sprinkle some finely chopped fresh parsley on top and serve straight away.
See how to make cheesy garlic bread
Want to see how you can make this cheesy garlic bread? Take a look at the instruction video with step by step instructions of this recipe so you can follow along.
It is really easy to make from scratch.
Eat garlic bread with
You can eat this garlic bread all by itself and have a great meal. Fortunately, there are a lot of recipes you can eat this bread with:
I hope you love this bread recipe as much as I do. Try this cheesy garlic bread.
Made a recipe please tag @thetortillachannel on INSTAGRAM, PIN on PINTEREST and like us on FACEBOOK for more information and updates.
Cheesy garlic bread
The best homemade cheesy garlic bread you ever tried. With lots of mozzarella and parmesan your bread is crunchy on the outside and soft on the inside.
- 1 fresh loaf of white bread
- 6 tablespoons butter
- 1 garlic clove crushed
- 1 tsp fresh parsley
- 1 cup shredded hard mozzarella
- 1/3 cup grated parmesan
- Combine the soft butter with crushed (pestle and mortar) garlic and parsley. Stir until a well-combined butter appears
- Cut bread in half lengthways and spread the butter on the inside of the bread
- Preheat oven at 350℉/175℃ and bake the bread in the oven for 15 minutes
- Take the bread out of the oven and turn the oven to broil
- First, sprinkle the grated parmesan on the bread. Then cover the bread with the hard shredded mozzarella including the edges
- Put the bread under the broiler for 4-5 minutes or until the cheese is bubbling and has brown patches Sprinkle some finely chopped fresh parsley on top
- Ready to serve
Nutrition facts
Calories: 192; Fat: 12g; Carbs: 16g; Protein: 6.6g;


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Jurusan International Business Management
We will offer you all obligatory data, expertise and attitude enabling you to operate in an international company. Moreover, these compensation policies are a source of discontent amongst repatriated employees returning to the United States after assignments in which housing, transportation, education, club membership, and other bills have been partially or totally reimbursed. SNU Business School was additionally the first business school in Korea to be licensed by the Associate to Advanced Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB). The company additionally helped native on-line style shopping website Namshi to lift £20 million from JP Morgan and Blakeney Management in addition to and $thirteen million from Boston-based Summit Partners.
Specialisation in business administration or economics, 30 hp, depending in your essential field of study. Understanding or creating the best international business setting is the basic foundation to social progress for all concerns, and that also contains low crime charges, good faculties, good well being care, water, and clear air. This builds robust connections between management idea, management follow, and skills which you have to to use in your future career. Many governments do not allow worldwide companies to enter their international locations.
You will find out about enterprise planning and pitching an idea, and will also research totally different entrepreneurial kinds and their influence. Career alternatives After studying on the International Business Program you will have the competence and qualifications to work with international enterprise associated duties in firms, organizations or within the public sector.
The education in International Business goals at educating each nationally and internationally oriented, innovative individuals with a sophisticated, sensible professionalism for the fashionable commerce and trade. International corporations must also consider the degree of political danger in a overseas location; in other phrases, the probability of main governmental modifications happening. The programme takes an interdisciplinary approach, synthesizing methods of worldwide enterprise setting analysis with theories regarding internationalization and strategic management of multinational companies.
You shall be learning modules from their Bachelor degrees in Business Administration and Business Education in both German or English. At the beginning of your programme you will receive an electronic mail from our group, giving details of how you can access Careers in Business Online. You will synthesise what you will have already learned about worldwide enterprise and about strategy and have the opportunity to discuss the sensible points arising from these.


text: Augusta - A South African is among a trio of players who will open the 78th Master golf tournament at the Augusta National Golf club on Thursday and six will be hoping they will be the one closing proceedings on Sunday.At the first of the four majors, three-time Masters champion Gary Player shares the honorary starter position with fellow golfing legends Arnold Palmer and Jack Nicklaus.Player, who in 1961 became the first non-American to win at Augusta National, believes that the six fellow South Africans in the field this year can do well."I had the pleasure to play a practice round with Branden Grace and George Coetzee last year," Player said."I must tell you that both of these young South African guys are real talents. "Hopefully I was able to give them some tips during our practice round last year that pay off."Coetzee failed to meet the qualifying criteria for the tournament this time around, but Grace looked impressive as he finished 18th as a rookie last year.Surprisingly Tim Clark was the best South African in 2013 as he finished 11th after missing the cut in the three previous years.This gave him an invite for the tournament and the 38-year-old Durban-born player who finished second in 2006, knows how to play the course.Trevor Immelman went one better in 2008, when he became the second South African after Player to win the coveted green jacket, beating Tiger Woods into second place by three shots.Immelman has fallen down in the rankings and tied for 50th last year. He is hoping to improve on that, but it seems unlikely that he will challenge for the title.The third South African to have won in Augusta, Charl Schwartzel, is one of a whole range of favourites.The 29-year-old, who won in 2011, has just become a father for the first time and the birth of his daughter Olivia could well give him a boost to challenge for a second victory.Another South African expected to be in the mix for a good finish is 2010 Open champion Louis Oosthuizen, who in 2012 lost in a play-off against Bubba Watson.He missed the cut in his four other appearances at the tournament and is now hoping to continue where he left off in 2012, rather than in 2013.Ernie Els is the oldest of the South Africans playing in Augusta, but the 44-year-old won the Open in 2012 and finished fourth at the US Open last year, showing that he can still take on the younger players.Although he is a 100-1 outsider for the green jacket, he is being touted as a player with a good chance by many journalists.He said he was still as excited about playing in Augusta as he was in 1994 when he first played."This is my 20th appearance in the Masters and the experience never gets old," Els said."You feel a buzz when you arrive and the butterflies start to dance around in your stomach."Everyone's excited to be here, even the champions from 20 or 30 years ago. You never want to stop coming back, it's that special."With world number-one Tiger Woods missing following back surgery, Americans were looking towards Phil Mickelson, Zach Johnson, Matt Kuchar or Watson for a win, while Northern Ireland's Rory McIlroy or the two Australians Jason Day and defending champion Adam Scott were also among the favourites.


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New Dodge Cars & SUVs in FT Thomas - Inventory Below
If you've got a mind for performance, and performance on your mind, chances are you've been dreaming about the new 2015 & 2016 Dodge lineup. With a little something for every type of driver in Fort Thomas, Fort Mitchell, Highland Heights, Newport KY, and Cincinnati OH, this brand is the iconic embodiment of the American spirit: fast, spirited, high-powered cars. Oh, yeah!
Get acquainted with a new Dodge Dart, Challenger, or Charger for pure sedan or coupe power. With up to 707 horsepower from Charger and Challenger SRT Hellcat models, and the technologically-advanced interior of the Dart, these cars are perfect for drivers seeking the right balance of practicality and performance. Looking for something a bit more capable, or with more space? A new Dodge Journey or Durango might just fit the bill. With available all-wheel drive on both, up to 67.6 cubic feet of cargo space in the Journey, and spacious seating for seven in the Durango, you can have it all, no compromise. Or, upgrade to the real boss of the road, with the impressive new Dodge Grand Caravan: 143.8 cubic feet of cargo area and up to 25 mpg on the highway.
Explore all of our available new models below or in our showroom, and shop with confidence! Along with being able to sort by price, the Jeff Wyler finance team wants to assure you that it's easier than ever for Fort Worth drivers to get the perfect Dodge lease or loan to fit their needs and their budget. Browse by model, drivetrain, color, features, and packages to find your dream car, then give us a call to set up an appointment for a test drive.


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Sandy OR Homes For Sale
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Sandy is a city located in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States, and named after the nearby Sandy River.[5] The city serves as the western gateway to the Mount Hood Corridor, 25 miles (40 km) from Portland. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 9,570.[2]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.14 square miles (8.13 km2), all of it land.[1]
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F (22.0 °C). According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Sandy has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.[6]
There are three schools within Sandy's city limits: Sandy Grade School, Cedar Ridge Middle School and Sandy High School. Those schools are administered by the regional Oregon Trail School District.
U.S. Route 26 runs through the middle of Sandy, forming downtown Sandy's Pioneer and Proctor Boulevards. Sandy is the northern terminus of Oregon Route 211.
The Sandy Post is the community's weekly newspaper,[14] and is the official newspaper of record for the city's legal notices.[15]
Points of interest
Sandy is the home of the annual Sandy Mountain Festival, the Sandy Oktoberfest and the yearly Hometown Holiday Festival and Parade.
Jonsrud Viewpoint, a wonderful view of Mt. Hood and the Sandy River valley. This viewpoint was donated to the City of Sandy by Philip Jonsrud, a son of early settlers and lifelong resident of Sandy.
The Tickle Creek Trail is a beautiful scenic route, located off Dubarko Rd. Also known as 'The heart and soul of Sandy Oregon.'


text: 27 November 2009 Casino telemarketing scams SCAMwatch warns casino telemarketing scams are still active 24 November 2009 Discount holiday accommodation vouchers SCAMwatch is warning consumers to be careful when purchasing vouchers for discount holiday accommodation. 11 November 2009 Bogus anti-virus alerts Scamwatch is warning consumers to be wary of bogus security software or 'scareware'. 2 November 2009 Steer clear of sports investment schemes SCAMwatch is warning you to be very careful if you think you can improve your odds with the aid of sports 'investment' opportunities. 29 October 2009 Facebook password scam email SCAMwatch is warning Facebook subscribers about a hoax email they may receive under the guise of a password reset email. 28 October 2009 Visa Europe survey bonus scam VISA Europe survey bonus scam 27 October 2009 Trevor Smallwood hoax email SCAMwatch is warning consumers about an email allegedly from the Australian Federal Police. 3 September 2009 Canadian scammer fined millions—scammers beware! SCAMwatch is pleased to report a major win in the fight against scammers obtained in Canada this week. 20 August 2009 Grand Sands Casino fake prize SMS scam! SCAMwatch is warning Australians to be on the lookout for a new telemarketing scam where scammers send text messages to advise consumers they have won 'third prize' in a bogus prize draw. 13 July 2009 Jackson and other celebrity scams SCAMwatch is warning consumers to be wary of spam emails that link to viruses and spyware embedded in songs, videos and pictures of celebrities. 1 2 3 next › last »


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The Gamits
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The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for music. (November 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Gamits
The Gamits in Denver, 2012
|Background information
|Denver, Colorado
|Alternative rock, Indie rock, Punk rock
|Years active
|1996–2005 2009–present
|Paper + Plastick, Suburban Home Records
|Associated acts
|Angels Never Answer
|Official Website
|Chris Fogal
Forrest Bartosh
Johnny Wilson
|Past members
|Matt Vanleuven
Matt Martinez
Luke Mathers
Brian Pentagram
Scott Swarers
Jason H. Walker
Scott Weigel
The Gamits is an American band who formed in 1996. The band was disbanded in 2005 due to the members wishing to participate in and start other projects, but regrouped in late 2009. The current line-up is Chris Fogal on guitar and vocals, Forrest Bartosh on drums and Johnny Wilson on bass and background vocals.
Studio albums[edit]
- 1996: Come Get Some (Drug Store Records)
- 1998: This Is My Boomstick (To The Left Records)
- 2000: Endorsed By You (Suburban Home Records)
- 2001: A Small Price To Pay (Suburban Home Records)
- 2004: Antidote (Suburban Home Records)
- 2010: Parts (Paper + Plastick)
- 2002: Rose Harbor Anthems - Italian-only compilation (Wynona Records)
- 2003: Leaps and Bounds - Japanese-only compilation (CR Japan)
- 2006: Golden Sometimes - 4 disk box set (Suburban Home Records)
- ^ "The Gamits - Pop Punk from Denver, CO Since 1994". The Gamits.
- ^ +Johnny Wilson. "Releases: The Gamits and Murderburgers Split 7" - For the Love of Punk". For the Love of Punk.
- ^ http://paperandplastick.com/artistdetail.php?id=32


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You are officially signed up for an Above & Beyond Adventure Tour of – Harrison & North Chehalis Lakes.
Our primarily run through the valley will be along the FSR (Forestry Service Road) and on occasion, deviate to do what Land Rovers do best – find out what is off the beaten trail!
During this run we have 3 groups of participants:
- Land Rover Richmond vehicles
(2018 Land Rover Discovery)
- Private customer vehicles
(Discovery, Discovery II, Discovery Sport, LR3, LR4, Range Rover Velar, Sport, Full Size)
- Rover Lander Club member vehicles
(Series Rovers and Defender models)
*Once congregated at the Sasquatch Inn, all vehicles in the convoy will depart in a numerical order in accordance with the itinerary below.
In the invitation to RSVP we asked that you select a gathering/departure point of either JLR Richmond or Sasquatch Inn in Harrison Mills.
When running with a convoy of this size it is imperative for us to run on schedule and therefore, the itinerary below will be our guide for the day.
Itinerary *Times indicated below are sharp
Depart JLR Richmond in convoy
(Attendance will be taken and vehicle numbers will be given)
9:15am – 9:30am
Arrival/Meet-up at Sasquatch
(Ensure your fuel has been topped up prior to arrival at Sasquatch)
Depart Sasquatch Inn
Arrive at Fish Hatchery and air-down tires
***Owners are expected to maintain their own vehicles, bring necessary tools in order to facilitate a safe and fun round trip. ***SEE What To Bring below.
Lunch and bonfire at North Chehalis Lake – Lunch courtesy of JLR Richmond
(Menu selection will be emailed out in advance)
Depart Chehalis Lake via FSR and trails
Arrive at the Sasquatch Inn and depart home
For those who wish to make this adventure to the Harrison Lake area into a long weekend get-away or simply finish the day in comfort, now is the time to book your room at the Harrison Hot Springs Resort and Spa. Few things in life are as satisfying as off-roading all day and then piloting your dirty, muddy Rover to the front of a luxurious hotel and spa to soak in the Hot Springs and enjoy a decadent meal in the Copper Room. Click here for more details.
What to Bring
- Water/drinks
(remember, there are no restrooms along the way…)
- Fuel Up before Sasquatch Inn
- Gravol or other car sickness or anti-nausea medication
- Snacks – lunch is provided
(Lunch menu will be available the week before for individual selections)
- Jacket, hat, gloves, sturdy comfortable shoes
(Weather to dictate)
- Camera, GoPro, Video recorder
- Walkie Talkie(s)
(JLR vehicles will be equipped with multi-channel walkie talkies to hear on trail communications & potential driver instructions)
- Tire pressure gauge
- Portable Air compressor
(Depending on your tires we may suggest letting out some air to increase traction)
- Fishing rods
- Folding chairs/Folding shelters
(if rain is imminent)
Tips for new-to-off-roading drivers
- Drive slow – Safety 1st
- Terrain Response is your friend – Select for the terrain in front of you
- Ride tall – engage your air suspension for off road height
- Lower your street tires air pressure by 10-15%
- Land Rover Experience Driving School at Quail Lodge:
First time off-roaders reactions to the Off Road Experience driving.
- Terrain Response Technology – Off-Roading with Land Rover:
An encompassing look into Land Rovers Terrain Response Modes and when to use them.
- Land Rover Tech Tips | Terrain Response Programmes:
Presenting Driving Tips for a safe adventure.
- Land Rover Experience – Essential Guide to Off Road Driving – Open Ground & On Road:
Presenting Off-Road driving instructions and driving techniques.
- Land Rover Experience India:
This video will provide you with confidence in the vehicles as they tackle terrain that appears extreme and shows how easily the vehicles, under control, tame the conditions.
Disclaimer and Conditions of Participation:
Safety 1st.
By reserving a space in the JLR Richmond Above & Beyond Adventure Tour, all individuals in your party as well as those traveling in JLR Richmond vehicle(s) agree to conduct themselves with safe and responsible vehicle operation and agree to adhere to the outlined itinerary.
Individuals participating hereby release JLR Richmond and the Rover Landers Club of BC of any and all responsibility or liability due to any damage or harm caused to vehicle or person by way of experiences participated in or otherwise by way of person, road, trail, water crossing, driver/passenger error or otherwise.
While JLR Richmond employees and the Rover Landers Club of BC have co-organized and provide tour guidance in the trail area, neither party is responsible or liable due to any damage or harm caused to vehicle or person by way of experiences participated in or otherwise by way of person, road, trail, water crossing, driver/passenger error or otherwise.
- Any and all drivers of personal/privately owned vehicles and JLR company vehicles must recognize the slow nature of a large group convoy and respect the direction of those leading the convoy.
- Instances of speed/excessive speed, departure from the group or driving styles deemed irresponsible, reckless or generally dangerous will be asked to leave the group and return home.
Land Rover of Richmond: New Arrivals | Pre-Loved | Promotions | Parts & Service Specials
Land Rover of Richmond
5680 Parkwood Crescent, Richmond, BC V6V 2M4


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macrumors 6502a
Original poster
- Apr 22, 2004
- 993
- 2
So, I hear it's a great new codec that will really improve the quality of video chats in iChat. My only question is, how will the new version of iChat affect my ability to have video chats with PC users? Won't PC users need some sort of updated AIM that handles H.264? Or will the new version of iChat be able to use the old codec, too? Maybe I should wait until some people actually have Tiger and test it out, but I'd be interested to hear some initial thoughts on the matter.


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Gordon Lightfoot Biography
Birthday: November 17, 1938
Nationality: Canadian
Famous: Folk Singers Country Singers
Age: 81 Years, 81 Year Old Males
Sun Sign: Scorpio
Also Known As: Gordon Meredith Lightfoot, Jr.
Born in: Orillia
Famous as: Singer, Songwriter
Height: 6'0" (183 cm), 6'0" Males
Spouse/Ex-: Kim Hasse (m. 2014), Brita Ingegerd Olaisson (m. 1963–1973), Elizabeth Moon (m. 1989–2011)
father: Gordon Lightfoot, Sr
mother: Jessie Vick Trill Lightfoot
children: Eric Lightfoot, Fred Lightfoot, Ingrid Lightfoot, Meredith Lightfoot, Miles Lightfoot
awards: Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal
Songwriters Hall of Fame
Companion of the Order of Canada
Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame
Canada's Walk of Fame
Order of Ontario
Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame
Juno Award for Folk Artist of the Year
Juno Award for Songwriter of the Year
Juno Award for Folk Artist of the Year
Juno Award for Folk Artist of the Year
Juno Award for Folk Artist of the Year
Juno Award for Songwriter of the Year
Juno Award for Folk Artist of the Year
Juno Award for Folk Artist of the Year
Canadian Music Hall of Fame
Recommended For You
Gordon Lightfoot is a renowned Canadian singer and songwriter who has made his name in the genres of folk, folk-rock and country music. He has been in the music industry for over five and is considered among the most important artists in Canada. Gordon's talent was recognized at an early age and he was constantly a part of his school and church choir. He went on to join several groups before starting to write his own songs. His career as a songwriter took off with famous artists covering his material. Thereafter he signed a deal with United Artists and produced many albums under them; later on he was associated with Warner Bros. Records, under which he had immense success and fame. Despite many physical hurdles, Lightfoot continued to tour around the world and made fans everywhere. His legacy is evident in the number of awards and recognitions he has received. He has won the Juno Award 16 times and was nominated for the Grammy five times. He was also bestowed as a companion of the Order of Canada, the highest civilian award, by the country.
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- Gordon Lightfoot was born on November 17, 1938 in Orillia, Ontario, to Gordon Lightfoot Sr. and Jessica Lightfoot. His evident singing skills were observed and recognized by his mother, who encouraged him to perform in public.He performed regularly at school. He was also involved in the St. Paul's United Church choir under Ray Williams, his first mentor and inspiration. He used to perform regularly at high school in Orillia District Collegiate and Vocational Institute.He also learnt to play the piano, folk guitar, drums and percussions. He made his first local appearance at Massey Hall and then began performing in concerts across the district.Apart from music, Gordon was a natural athlete and took part in competitive shot put, pole vault, and football. His multifaceted abilities won him scholarships at McGill University's School of Music and University of Toronto.In 1958, he moved to California to study at Westlake College of Music. He also worked on jingles and advertisements to support himself financially. He returneds to Toronto in 1960.Continue Reading BelowRecommended Lists:
Recommended Lists:Career
- On his return to his hometown, Gordon Lightfoot performed across local cafes along with 'The Swinging Eight', a locally famous band. He also teamed up with Gino Silvi Singers. His popularity grew progressively and he released two singles in 1962.His singles 'I'm the One' and 'It's Too Late, He Wins' became popular locally and were played on the radio. He later teamedup with Terry Whelan and recorded a live album 'Two-Tones at the Village Corner' in 1962.He start touring in Europe and the UK in 1963. He hosted BBC's 'Country and Western Show'. He was next seen at the Mariposa Folk Festival in 1964 and developed a reputation as a songwriter. Many popular artists, including Elvis Presley and Marty Robbins, sang songs written by Gordon.He signed a recording deal with United Artists and choose Albert Grossman to represent him in 1965. His debut album was released in the next year and was titled 'Lightfoot!'. The album was a huge hit and earned him several accolades.He was commissioned by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation to write a special broadcast in 1967.In the upcoming years, he recorded four albums: 'The Way I Feel' (1967), 'Did She Mention My Name?' (1968), 'Back Here on Earth' (1968)', and 'Sunday Concert' (1969) under United Artists. Several songs from these albums went on to rank highly in the Canadian charts.After a fallout with United Artists, he signed a recording deal with Warner Bros. In 1971, he release his single 'If You Could Read My Mind', which became a hit internationally. The song was awarded a gold disc.After signing with Warner Bros., Lightfoot's frequency of international tours increased. He performed in New York City, Europe, and Australia.He had a successful career with Warner Bros., with several hit albums. These included 'Summer Side of Life' (1971), 'Don Quixote' (1972), 'Old Dan's Records' (1972), 'Sundown' (1974), 'Cold on the Shoulder' (1975), 'Summertime Dream' (1976), and 'Endless Wire' (1978).Continue Reading BelowHe contracted Bell's Palsy in 1972, which posed a problem for his tours. But Lightfoot continued to produce music at the same rate.He continued his association with Warner Bros. into the 1980s and 1990s. His original albums include 'Dream Street Rose' (1980), 'Shadows' (1982), 'Salute' (1983), 'East of Midnight' (1986), 'Waiting for You' (1993), and 'A Painter Passing Through' (1998).In 2000, he performed at a concert at Nevada and it was broadcasted live by the CBC and the PBS. In the following year, he gave a closing performance at the Tin Pan South Legends concert at Ryman Auditorium.In 2002, he had to undergo a surgery for his stomach and remained in critical care. His health did not improve until the end of the year. He stayed at home to recuperate and missed his tours and concerts.He signed up with Linus Entertainment in 2003 and released his new album, 'Harmony', in 2004. This was his first album after recovering from his sickness.In 2004, he returned to the stage and perform at Mariposa, Peterborough, and Hamilton. These shows were a huge hit.In 2006, he suffered a minor stroke, which caused damage to his fingers. He used a substitute guitarist but eventually gained control and dexterity to return playing the guitar himself.Despite his deteriorating health and age, he continued to performing several times a year. In 2012, he performed at the National Arts Center in Ottawa and at the 100th Grey Cup.He toured United Kingdom in 2015, visiting Ireland and Scotland as well. His shows were sold out throughout his tours.He was invited to play on Parliament Hill in 2017 by the Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. This was in celebration of Canada's 150th celebrations.He remains Canada's greatest singer-songwriter today. He has been inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame, the Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame, and Canada's Walk of Fame. He was also awarded with the highest civilian honor of Companion of the Order of Canada.Recommended Lists:
Recommended Lists:Major Works
- While many of Gordon's albums have become huge hits, his most popular song even today is his single 'The Wreck of The Edmund Fitzgerald'. This single was written as a tribute to the sunken SS Edmund Fitzgerald, and his performance and composition earned him a Grammy nomination.Recommended Lists:
Recommended Lists:Personal Life & Legacy
- Gordon Lightfoot was married to Bita Ingegerd Olaisson from 1963 to 1973. The couple divorced due to Lightfoot's infidelity. They had two children, Fred and Ingrid.He married Elizabeth moon in 1989 and the couple separated in 2002. However, they finally divorced each other only in 2011. They had two children, Miles and Meredith.His third marriage was to Kim Hasse, in December 2014, at Rosedale United Church.Recommended Lists:
Recommended Lists:Trivia
- At the Winter Olympics in Calgary, in 1988, Gordon Lightfoot performed alongside K. D. Lang at the opening ceremony.A bronze sculpture titled 'Golden Leaves: A Tribute to Gordon Lightfoot' was inaugurated in October 2015 in his hometown.Translate Wiki to Spanish, French, Hindi, Portuguese
How To CiteArticle Title- Gordon Lightfoot BiographyAuthor- Editors, TheFamousPeople.comWebsite- TheFamousPeople.comURL- https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/gordon-lightfoot-8720.phpLast Updated- November 22, 2018
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3D technology goes mobile
on Tuesday,November 10,2009 22:11
At this year''s BlackBerry Developer Conference in San Francisco the name of the game was 3D, as a series of new technologies and initiatives were announced that plan to bring smartphones into the third dimension.
The annual convention of over 1,000 participating software and industrial designers has been the launching ground for several new technologies, software platforms and accessory designs since 2008 - and this year''s big announcement was the platform support of OpenGL ES, a program used to support and create 3D graphics, games and animation.
The announcement is seen as a means to combat the popularity of other smart phones, like the industry leading iPhone and the more customizable android phones such as the Motorola Droid.
The industry''s push to embrace the emerging technology is another signal of the increasing ubiquity of 3D displays and development, including the growing emphasis on 3D in animated films and the recent introduction of 3D laptops.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that the employment of animators and 3D developers will grow faster than most industries predicting a 16 percent growth by 2016.
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Kanye West to perform during Paris Fashion Week
It is no secret to many that music artist Kanye West is no stranger to fashion, and now he will be showing his new collection during Paris Fashion Week later this week, according to the Elle Magazine.
Second designer chosen for home decor competition
Teenlike.com, an ongoing online competition for young home decor designers, announced its second winner. Brandon Dover of Apply Valley, California, was this year's winner, as he created an abstract pen and inkwork design for a bedspread.
Interior Design Calendar of Events 2010 (June - December )