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A new report released on 10 july in panama city by the world health organization (who) shows that one-third of the world's population – 2.3 billion people – are now covered by at least one life-saving policy measure to curb tobacco use. This is more than twice the global population covered by a key tobacco control measure when who released their initial report on the global tobacco epidemic report five years ago in 2008.
The WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2013 also highlights the long path ahead, with two- thirds of the world's population not provided any form of protection from the tobacco epidemic. Tobacco use and exposure to second-hand smoke remain serious threats to global health, killing nearly 6 million people every year.
The report cites Turkey as the only country in the world which has implemented all MPOWER measures comprehensively. The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) contributed to Turkey's achievement by supporting the Turkish Ministry of Health to enact their smokefree legislation between 2008 and 2010 and by strengthening civil society capacity for monitoring of tobacco control policy implementation.
The measures monitored by WHO and reported on in the WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2013 are known as MPOWER measures – with each letter standing for a specific demand-reduction policy that governments can implement in order to protect their citizens from the tobacco epidemic: Monitor tobacco use and prevention policies, Protect people from tobacco smoke, Offer help to quit tobacco use, Warn people about the dangers of tobacco, Enforce bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship, and Raise taxes on tobacco.
177 countries have obliged themselves to implement these and other measures by signing the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), the world's first public health treaty. The Union works with governments and civil society around the world in order to support their efforts to develop and pass legislation that corresponds with these MPOWER measures.
The new report shows that smokefree environments (Protect) are the most commonly established tobacco control measure, with 32 countries having passed comprehensive smoking bans in workplaces, public places and public transport between 2007 and 2012. The Union has supported this achievement across 15 of these countries by providing grants and technical assistance specifically for smokefree policy implementation. The Union is also working sub-nationally in countries that have not yet achieved comprehensive national smokefree legislations, such as China, Indonesia and India.
'This report shows quite clearly the progress that we are making as a global tobacco control community,' said Dr Ehsan Latif, Director of Tobacco Control at The Union. 'Unfortunately, legislating MPOWER policies is not enough because only effective enforcement of the resulting laws will lead to real reductions in the demand for tobacco. Because of this, in addition to supporting governments to develop tobacco control legislation, The Union is currently focusing on developing capacity for enforcing legislation and preventing the tobacco industry interference that often blocks effective implementation.'
'It is impressive to see the accelerated progress that has been possible because of the Bloomberg Initiative,' said José Luis Castro, Interim Executive Director of The Union. 'Continued vigilance to ensure that each of the MPOWER measures is introduced in every country will be essential to truly stem the global tobacco epidemic.'
Download WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2013


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Girl GamesDress Up»Teen»
Santa's Cookie Jar
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Turn off your ad-blocker and refresh the page to fully enjoy our games!
Triple Chocolate Chip Cookies
I love making cookies because there's always a good amount of cookie dough left over for me to lick off the spatula. I know you shouldn't eat raw egg, but I just can't get enough of the chocolatey...
Santa's Helper
Help Santa this year by dressing up like his favorite elf. He's all set and ready to start delivering presents. Get into your red, green, and white elf gear and start handing off the presents, wh...
Mother Daughter Cooking
Cooking fun with mom? What could be more fun then wearing your cutest apron and chefs hat then making a tasty pizza, stew or ice creamy desert with your favorite friend in the world. http://www.dre...
Didi House Cooking
You don't have to go out to eat every night. Sometimes you can just stay in and explore all of the different meals you can easily make with food just lying around the house. Make a variety of cul...
Turkey Cooking with Mom
This great mother is finally letting her ambitious daughter help her cook the amazing Thanksgiving feast. With a little supervision, this cute daughter is going to make most of the sides and appet...
Grandmas Apple Butter Cooking Game
Learn the secrets to grandmas apple butter cooking game before she dies and keep the yummy tradition alive.
Chicken Vindaloo Cooking
Whoa! Are you sure?! Chicken vindaloo is super spicy! And it's probably going to burn your taste buds to a crisp! Well, if you're fine with it, then I guess we can be, too. But just be careful...
Barbie Santa Princess Dress Up
This beautiful young Santa Princess just received the job of her dreams working for the fabulous Santa Claus! Now she's ready to show off just how successful, glamorous, and seductive she can be i...
Fantasy Makeup
Fly away with fab fairies with butterfly wings candy colored hair and floral gowns.
Facial Miss Santa
Christmas is coming and little Miss Santa Claus needs a makeover before the elves come over. It's Christmas tradition that all Miss Santa throws a party for all of the hard-working elves after San...
Report Broken Game
Sisters Sent to FariyLand
Experience the joy of becoming a princess in this cute new dress-up game called Sisters Sent To Fairyland!
Princesses Rock Band
Ariel, Tiana and Merida formed their own rock band and the girls are quite good! Ariel is the lead singer, Tiana rocks the guitar and Merida the drums. After playing for a bigger crowd at the schoo...
Sweetheart Jamwiches Cooking
Prepare this deliciously sweet snack with a couple of buttery biscuits shaped like hearts with tangy purple jam holding them all together.
Pinata Cookies
This spectacular pinnate cookie is a little complicated to imagine, but once you do, you can bet it's going to be the best thing ever! Imagine a soft baked cookie filled with candy!
Santa's Little HelpersHow to play
During Christmas time, the North Pole is a very busy place. Santa's elves are hard at work creating millions of wonderful toys for children to enjoy all over the world. But this is a huge task an...

subset: commoncrawl


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Our care
Information about our services for patients and families.Find out more
Information about our services for patients and families.Find out more
Find out about the service we provide, who, and how we can help.Find out more
There's so many ways you can get involved and support St Barnabas House.
Whatever your event there's a way for you to help raise valuable funds - cycling, walking, skydiving, have a browse, get inspired and get in touch
St Barnabas House depends on over 1,000 volunteers who help in the hospice, in our charity shops and at our fundraising events
Whether you are taking part in an organised event or putting on your own we can help you make it a success
Find out how your business or company can help raise money and support our charity
There are certain positions which may ease your symptoms of breathlessness. This page explains what these are with useful diagrams to demonstrate them.
Please note: You can also download a copy of this information leaflet at the bottom of this page or view our full list of information leaflets.
Click on each of the images below for a larger diagram.
High side lying – rolled slightly forward
A pillow between your knees may make you more comfortable
Sitting at a table
Lean forward with your chest and head supported
Sitting leaning forward
Relax your arms on your thighs
Sitting back
Relax your arms
Standing leaning forward against a support
Standing leaning back, against a wall, with your feet slightly apart and away from the wall
Breathlessness - certain positions which may ease your symptoms (PDF, 125.7KB)Download


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Welcome to our September 2018 Legal Update, where Bela Gor, Head of Campaigns and Legal, discusses how one way to decrease sickness leave could prove contentious
Will removing or reducing sick pay deter employees from going off sick? Probably. Is it a good idea? Probably not.
According to a survey by the HR Website XpertHR employers are actually losing fewer working days to employee sickness absence. Data from 2017 shows that at the median employers lost 5.6 days for each employee over the course of the year which was down from a median of 6.6 days for 2016. The median cost to employers, however, rose from £455 in 2016 to £570 in 2017.
Why might this be? Well on the positive side it might be because the workplace has improved and more employers are making adjustments for employees and allowing a greater level of flexible working. Negatively, it might be because more employees are afraid of losing their job and so are actually coming into work while sick. It could also be because employees cannot afford to go off sick because some employers are activating policies that allow them to remove sick pay from employees who take more than a certain number of days off sick. The justification often given for this policy is that it reduces sickness absence levels, but does it really?
This was at the heart of the case of DI Insurance Services Ltd v O'Connor [EAT 2017]. Mrs O'Connor was given a written warning after being off sick for 60 days. The warning was to last for 12 months during which time she was also not entitled to any sick pay. Her employer had a policy which stated that a written warning could be given after 10 days absence but Mrs O'Connor had exceeded that in previous years without sanction. The employer's justification for issuing the warning when it did was that doing so in general improved attendance. Note the "in general" bit.
Mrs O'Connor is disabled and her employer accepted that her absences were genuine and related to her disability. Applying the policy of giving her a written warning and withholding sick pay, therefore, amounted to unfavourable treatment because of her disability which would be unlawful disability discrimination unless the employer could justify the treatment. Whilst her employer had a legitimate aim in ensuring adequate attendance levels and seeking in particular to improve Mrs O'Connor's attendance it was not at all clear to the Tribunal and the EAT how issuing this warning and withholding sick pay was going to do this in her case. This led to the conclusion that these actions were not a proportionate means of achieving that legitimate aim and so the employer was not justified in its treatment of Mrs O'Connor.
An interesting fact was that Mrs O'Connor's attendance did improve (in the period after the warning was issued and before she brought her tribunal proceedings). One reason was because she came into work when she was actually sick with advice from her doctor that she could do so as long as she wasn't coughing up blood. The other, however might well have related to a coincidental change in role to cover another employee's maternity leave. In this role she wasn't required to use the telephone as much and could work flexibly and from home. The EAT wondered understandably if that might not have had more of an impact on her attendance levels than the written warning.
A change in her role, duties and the way in which she worked. Regular readers or those quick on the uptake might recognise these as being "reasonable adjustments". It is always the case that employers should make reasonable adjustments to improve attendance or performance before applying any form of sanction. They should also ensure they have medical evidence to support their actions and consider the actual impact of that particular employee's absence on the business – assumptions and generalisations never suffice. Only when they have done all this might they be able to justify the sanction as a proportionate means of achieving the legitimate aim of managing absence and move on ultimately to dismissal on the grounds of capability.
For a similar case of disability discrimination because an employer would not permit a reasonable adjustment see Ali v Torrosian and others (t/a Bedford Hill Family Practice) [EAT 2018]. Dr Ali had a heart attack and wanted to return to work part-time but his employer refused to allow this and dismissed him on capability grounds instead resulting rather inevitably in a disability discrimination case which they lost.
And what is the sanction for the employer if they do get it wrong?
The Ministry of Justice has released tribunal statistics for the amount of compensation awarded for disability discrimination in 2017/18. Only 64 awards were actually made by the Tribunal (many cases settle either before going to Tribunal or the amount of the award is agreed between the parties after the judgement rather than being made by the Tribunal). The highest award made was £242,130 and the average award was £30,698.
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Jane Romeo is a Parent Education Consultant, Coach and Workshop Facilitator in New York City working with both parents and children in the public and private sectors. Her previous clients include Smart City Kids, New York Kids Club, Gymboree and the Soho Parenting Center. Recently, Jane has worked with the organization Homes for the Homeless conducting drama therapy workshops with children enrolled in their after school program and the West Side Y with adolescents in their "Y Scholars" program on topics related to school readiness. In addition, she taught a series of workshops with the Flushing Y called, "The Facts of Life for Families". Along with her own workshops, Jane is currently working with the online parenting resource, "Tinyhood" as a parenting expert. She answers questions from parents on issues related to Developmental Milestones, Social/Emotional Development and Limit Setting. She holds a Bachelors of Arts in Communications from University of Massachusetts at Amherst and received her Masters of Arts in Educational Psychology from New York University.
Jane Romeo


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642-382 - CXFF - Cisco Express Foundation for Field Engineers
Go back to
Example Questions
In what location is it recommended that the Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series WLSM be placed?
distribution layer
A wireless autonomous 1200 access point running core feature set in root mode has its SSID set to Factory_floor and provides connection to a repeater access point with its SSID set to Factory_floor. If the root-mode access point is using channel 11, which channel will the repeater access point use?
channel 11
Which two statements are correct about OSPF in a multiarea environment? (Choose two.)
OSPF ABR routers are needed only at the boundary of another OSPF area.
OSPF uses wildcard masks in the network statements but subnet masks in the area range statements.
You have just configured HSRP and need to determine which router is active. Which command should you enter?
show standby
An 802.11b telephone is receiving an audio signal from an access point, but cannot send audio. What is a possible cause?
The transmit power in the telephone is significantly lower than the transmit power in the access point.
The network administrator has configured the SSID value in a wireless Cisco Aironet client card. What is the result of the client-to-access-point association if the client SSID1 is left blank, and the SSID2 is assigned a value of my_ssid?
The client software will replace SSID1 with SSID2, and use my_ssid to attempt association with the access point.
Which two statements best describe the wireless implementation of Cisco Aironet root and non-root bridging? (Choose two.)
WGB can be used with an access point if the distance is less than one mile.
Up to 17 non-root bridges can associate to a root bridge.
A customer with a small enterprise network of 15 remote sites is trying to optimize its VPN by migrating some remote sites using Frame Relay connections to the Internet to using cable connections to the Internet. Minimizing costs is one of the customer's highest priorities. Only a moderate amount of IP traffic is passing through the network, most of which is from the remote sites to the central site. IPSec should be used to provide VPN functionality and basic confidentiality is desired. Based on the traffic patterns, which topology would be the easiest for this customer to set up and manage?
Would you like to receive emails about Cisco training, certifications, services, special offerings, and events?
The customer wants to implement wireless security through implementation of WPAv2. Which component of WPAv2 would limit the rollout because of the continued use of old access points?
You connect via Telnet to a Cisco access point and enter the command show dot11 linktest. Which output might you obtain?
incoming and outgoing signal strength
You are migrating the network design from using point security products (perimeter router, firewall, VPN router, IPS) to an integrated security solution using Cisco ISR. During the migration process, you determine that you need to improve VPN performance. What can you do?
install AIM-VPN EPII-PLUS on the ISR
You enter the command show ip ospf neighbor and see "two-way/DROTHER" listed as the state for neighbor 10.1.1.1. What does this status indicate?
The neighbor 10.1.1.1 is not a DR or BDR.
You have applied a firewall configuration to your router using the Cisco Router and Security Device Manager (SDM) Firewall wizard. You find that you are now locked out and access via Cisco SDM is denied. After accessing the router via the console port, what must you do to regain access via Cisco SDM?
Modify the access list that denies Cisco SDM access.
A concern has been expressed that the switched infrastructure in an integrated network is vulnerable to VLAN hopping attacks. Which two configuration statements can be used to mitigate VLAN hopping? (Choose two.)
switchport access vlan
switchport mode access
Which command can be used to verify that RIPv2 is running on a router?
show ip protocols
In an infrastructure based on a wireless advanced feature set using lightweight access points, by which method is a rogue contained?
The rogue MAC address is used to spoof broadcast deauthentication packets.
Which command assigns a cost value of "17" to a switch port?
spanning-tree vlan 1 cost 17
You have configured and applied a Cisco IOS Firewall access rule to the inbound, untrusted interface. You suspect that the rule may be blocking necessary traffic onto the network. What must you do to delete that rule when using Cisco Router and Security Device Manager?
You must remove the association between the rule and the interface before deleting the rule.
A North American customer is using 2.4-GHz radios in a point-to-point configuration. The radio power level is 17 dBm and is transmitting at 11 Mbps. The customer is using 21.5-dBi dish antennas and 50 feet of cabling, with a loss of 8.4 dB per 100 feet. The customer increased the distance between the transmitter stations and began experiencing link problems. Without using a professional installer, which step should the customer take to fix the situation?
Use a cable with lower loss.
A user is unable to connect to the Cisco Router and Security Device Manager via HTTPS. Which two of these might have caused this problem? (Choose two.)
The ip http secure-server command is missing from the running configuration.
The user has a privilege level lower than 15.
After configuring VTP, you no longer receive updates as expected. Which command can you use to verify the number of VTP advertisements being transmitted?
show vtp counters
A company needs to provide site-to-site VPN, remote access VPN, and firewall protection. Which device best supports all three functions?
Cisco ASA
You are configuring a VLAN and the switch you are using requires that you do so within the VLAN database. Which command allows you to enter the VLAN database?
Switch# vlan database
Which two statements are correct about using Cisco Router and Security Device Manager (SDM) to configure the OSPF routing protocol? (Choose two.)
Cisco SDM will use the supplied wildcard mask to exclude the host bits from the configured network address.
Cisco SDM allows the configuration of passive interfaces.
Which statement is true about a Cisco Aironet 350 Series wireless client when its green LED appears to be off and its amber LED is blinking?
The client adapter is in power-save mode.
You have just configured and enabled the Cisco IOS Firewall feature set from a remote location using the Cisco Router and Security Device Manager (SDM) Firewall wizard. You later want to double-check your configuration using Cisco SDM. However, you find that you can no longer connect to the Cisco IOS Firewall using Cisco SDM. What is the probable cause of this failure?
You have been locked out via access lists that have been applied to the router as a result of your Cisco SDM configuration.
Which two statements best describe the wireless core feature set using autonomous access points when implementing Wireless Domain Services? (Choose two.)
Layer 2 services can be configured in a Cisco Aironet autonomous AP or a Cisco Integrated Services Router.
Layer 3 services can be configured in WLSM.
A customer in Europe needs to establish an 11-Mbps wireless bridge link between two office buildings that are approximately 1.3 km apart. The wireless link will pass through a public park, which contains a lake that is surrounded by trees. You run the range calculation and determine that the Cisco Aironet 1300 Series Outdoor Access Point/Bridge should work. You install the link using 10.5-dB yagis with 75 feet of standard Cisco cabling and both radios set at 20 mW. The wireless bridges are not able to establish or maintain a link. What is needed to successfully complete this link?
The antenna must be raised high enough to clear the trees.
Which two features are only supported when using the Cisco Router and Security Device Manager (SDM) Advanced Firewall wizard and not supported when using the Cisco SDM Basic Firewall wizard? (Choose two.)
DMZ services
custom inspection rules
Are you 18 years of age or older? Please choose one of the following:
Which critical issue should you account for when implementing an integrated network security management design?
all network devices are time-synchronized
A customer with a large enterprise network wants to allow employees to work from home over the Internet. The customer anticipates a large amount of traffic, predominantly toward the central site. The customer also requires a VPN using strong user authentication and encryption to protect highly sensitive data. Which solution best meets this customer's requirements?
remote-access VPN with hardware encryption
Which network management tool is designed to allow businesses to manage up to 40 devices?
CiscoWorks SNMS
A client is experiencing lower throughput and more packet retransmits in one area of the wireless network. At these times, the client utility shows high signal strength but low signal quality. What may be causing this issue?
Diversity is not enabled in the access point.
You are troubleshooting OSPF neighbor establishment problems, which are occurring over Frame Relay interfaces that use the default OSPF network type. What should you verify in the router configuration?
the frame-relay map statement on the Frame Relay interface
Users logging into Cisco Router and Security Device Manager should be authenticated using the Cisco ISR local user database. Currently, none of the users can access Cisco Router and Security Device Manager via HTTP. You should check the configuration of which command or commands when attempting to resolve this problem?
ip http authentication local


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Pasta Bowl - Wicker Park
The content on this page is provided by a Time Out partner.
The Pasta Bowl has been serving Chicago since 1996. We feature generous portions of authentic Italian pasta dishes. We also serve Italian sandwiches and fresh salads.
We opened this location in April of 2015 with the goal of bringing the same great food and genuine hospitality we're known for in Lincoln Park to a bigger, more modern and more comfortable space in Wicker Park / Bucktown.
We're a casual neighborhood restaurant where you can relax, enjoy your meal, watch the staff prepare it from scratch in the open kitchen, and always count on having a great time. Bring a date, bring your friends, bring your kids -- and definitely bring a bottle of wine because we're BYOB. See you soon!


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Get the Manual for the new Computer-Based (CBT) Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam from Kaplan Engineering Education. Each chapter features practice problems to help you hone your skills for test day.
Whether you're still in school or it's been years since you've finished your studies, this 2014 Edition covers the subjects you need to know to ace the new exam, including:
- Introduction featuring testing tips and guidance, by Ernest M. Kim, PhD, PE
- Mathematics: Precalculus and Analytic Geometry
- Mathematics: Calculus and Differential Equations
- Engineering Probability and Statistics
- Ethics and Professional Practices
- Engineering Economics
- Properties of Electrical Materials
- Engineering Sciences
- Circuit Analysis (DC and AC Steady State)
- Linear Systems
- Signal Processing
- Electronics
- Power
- Electromagnetics
- Control Systems
- Communications
- Computer Networks
- Digital Systems
- Computer Systems
- Software Development
When the NCEES changed the test format in 2014, the topics covered also changed. Make sure you have the most up-to-date review materials, including this 820-page comprehensive Kaplan review manual!


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"There are no shortcuts to success. Its the result of good planning, perfect implementation, and hard work"
No Shortcut, No Gimmicks, just science
This is how we work, we take no shortcut, but do a good analysis and planning before moving forward, as they say, a good planning is half the job done. A perfect implementation compliments a good planning and a spice of hard work makes a project a massive success.
Yes, It is true that a project can be made successful only and only if it is planned and executed well, So we adopt a solid development process with these 9 steps to ensure that it is executed well, delivered on time, with high quality and with a smile on your face.
Business Analysis
Time/Cost Proposal
Solution Design
Mockup Design
Maintenance & Support
Business Analysis
We ask for the general functional specifications of your project, that would be just a requirement document about what you need, then we will do a business analysis, we will concentrate on your specification, goals and expected results. This analysis will take time depending on the complexity of the project. Normal turnaround time is 1 day.
Time/Cost Proposal
Once the analysis is completed, we handed over the analysis report with Cost and Time estimate. This estimate would be based on the requirements provided by you. Generally this process does not take much time from our end after the analysis is completed, we can give that estimate right away, then you can study it and after approval we can move to next step.
Solution Design
This is the most important step of this whole process, We'll propose a solution for your requirements, This solution would include which software / application to use for your project, with all the planning including schedule charts, milestones, meeting and review plans. As communication is very necessary in this whole process.
Mockup Design
After the solutions is proposed and accepted, we work on the mock-up for the project, We only use original and 100% custom designs, Our designing team is capable of creating high end designs. These mock-ups would be presented to you and after some revisions the design would be finalized and sent to the implementation team.
After the design is ready, It is time to put the soul in the design by making it dynamic through programming. This Implementation process included every programming thing that is required in the project from template integration to custom functionality. This process requires your attention too, as we will be reviewing the things all together to ensure that we are on same page.
Testing Process includes the quality portion of the project, Our Quality Analysts study the functional requirements and match with the technical requirements made by our team and test your project based on your requirements and also check the quality and performance of the project on different platforms including Mobile, Tablets, PCs and different modern Browsers too
After Implementation and Testing, Its time to Launch the Project, we have dedicated team of server experts who can help you setup the project on your hosting environment, Our technical team moves the project to your server and ensure that its running properly and as expected.
After every successful Launch there comes celebrations, we have a record that every project that is being handled by these 9 steps has 100% success rate.
Maintenance & Support
After a Launch of the website it isn't end of everything but it is a start of the relation with you, we are here for the lifetime support of your website, any issues any problems that you encounter we are here to help you to fix those issues, and we are here for any new enhancements that you need in future.


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Mark & Da Boyz
Rollerblading along the road
- Joined
- 5/19/17
- Messages
- 1,097
- Real Name
- Mark
I hated to clip him but he was out of control, chasing all the other bird and biting me. Well he was out of sorts at first but as settled down now. He climbs up to my shoulder and settles in there like a cuddly guy instead of the little monster he was. Ha can get around the birdroom quite well and spends time on top of Riti's cage and in it as well and he can even make to Da Tielish Ones cage but then he has a hard time getting back so he doesn't go there often. I hope when his feathers grow back he will have changed his ay as I hate having to clip him. God cave birds wing for a reason and it wasn't to have them clipped.


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The Cross in a Nutshell:
I will painfully embrace what "looks like" physical, social, professional, or financial failure – to avoid the spiritual failure of disobedience to Gods Word.
In obedience to the Word of God, we follow Jesus Christ and embrace temporary failure in exchange for permanent power and reward.
Filed under: Uncategorized |


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Which weapon will be next? ►► Subscribe! http://brrk.co/AWEsub
Every other Monday, our team of blacksmiths and craftsman build some of your favorite weapons, and some weapons that you've never seen before. You guys know how much we love League of Legends builds here on Man At Arms, and this week, we're taking on another epic build from the classic video game: Master Yi's Ring Sword!
Kerry Stagmer – Swordsmith and Machinist
Matt Stagmer – Swordsmith
Ilya Alekseyev – Master Armourer and Engraver
Sam Salvati – Blacksmith
Lauren Schott – Goldsmith and Casting
John Mitchell – Fabricator
Filmed on Location at Baltimore Knife and Sword
Series Created & Directed by Andy Signore
Tweets by andysignore
Series Produced by Brent Lydic
Episode Build Directed by CJ Schmidt
Line Producer – Phil Rogers
Production Manager – Benjamin Montague
Office Production Coordinator – Brendan Kennedy
Post Production Coordinator – Amanda Arellano
Director of Photography – John Hale
Story Producer — Dave Cross
1st AC/Red Cam Op – Jason Remeikis
Gaffer – Steve Scott
Grip – Danny Balsamo
Swing (Demo) – Joey Bruce
Production Coordinator – Katelynn Zimmerman
Runner/PA – Hugh Taylor
1st AC (Red Cam) – Jeremy Hall
DIT – Nate Spivey
Set Medic – Celeste Bowe
Edited by Chris Otwell
Lead Assistant Editor – Matt Zimmel
Stunt Coordinator / Stunts – Casey Kaleba
Head of Post Production – Michael Gallagher
Special Thanks to our CosPlayer Stella Chuu
Special thanks to Alien Go Boom


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GU10 PAR16 5.5W (60W) 4000K 470lm Dimmable Lamp - 10 PACK
Product code: GU10DE093
Catalogue page:
Next day delivery subject to stock availability. Order by 3 pm.
How Can we Help?
Part No: ILGU10DE093-10 The Integral LED Classic GU10 range offers a fantastic ratio of value and performance. By incorporating a stylish engineered lens in an affordable GU10, the Classic offers directional light with a beam angle that closely mirrors that of familiar halogen lamps along with all the energy-saving and long-life benefits of LED.
- Cool White
- 420 Useful Lumens (440 Nominal)
- Dimmable
- Part code: ILGU10DE093-10
- Range Name: Classic
- Application: Indoor, General Lighting
- Market Segment: Commercial indoor, Residential indoor
- Product Type: GU10
- Warranty: 2 Yrs
- CE / RoHS: Yes
Voltage Range: 220-240V
- Power Consumption: 5.5 Watts
- Driver included: Yes
- Current: AC
- Ampage: 30mA
- Frequency Range: 50/60 Hz
- Wattage Equivalent: 60 Watts
- Power Factor: >=0.50
- Dimming: Dimmable with compatible dimmers
- LVD Certified: Yes
- Code: GU10DE093


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Books without bosses since 1977
The Casa de las Américas Prize is a Cuban cultural award given by the Casa de las Américas, an organization founded in April 1959. It is one of Latin America's oldest and most prestigious literary awards. Some of the scholars and writers who have won this prize are, Eduardo Galeano, Edward Kamau Brathwaite, Humberto Costantini, Roque DaltonRenato Prada Oropeza, Susana Rotker, Françoise Perus, Beatriz González-Stephan and Luis Brito Garcia.
The jury of Lasana M. Sekou (Saint Martin), Pablo Armando Fernández (Cuba), and María Teresa Ortega (Cuba) unanimously award the Casa de las Americas Prize in Caribbean Literature in English or Creole to Fear of a Black Nation: Race, Sex, and Security in Sixties Montreal, by David Austin.
This is an authoritative study that extends into Canada, into the XXI Century, and the complex concepts and integrated historical realities of "nuestro Caribe" ("Our Caribbean"), "Nuestra América" ("Our America") and "Black Power". Here the popular and democratic activism and the radicalism of the sixties converge to reveal an unknown Canada.
Posted February 27th, 2014


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IAUG Webinars allow you to enjoy education at your convenience - no out of office time or direct costs incurred. Our webinars provide real-time access to industry experts on today's hottest topics.
As an IAUG member, you also have unlimited access to the IAUG Webinar Archives located in IAUG365. Join today to take advantage of this benefit and register for our live webinars.


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Day 01: Arrive Mumbai (Bombay)
Welcome upon arrival at cosmopolitan city of Mumbai (formerly Bombay) and transfer to your hotel. Overnight at hotel
Day 02: Mumbai
After breakfast, proceed for sightseeing of Mumbai visit the Gateway of India, the Hanging Gardens and the Malabar Hill, The Prince of Wales Museum, Dhobi Ghat, Marine Drive, the Gandhi Memorial Museum. Overnight at hotel
Day 03: Flight Mumbai / Udaipur
Morning after breakfast enjoy boat cruise to explore Elephanta Island and its famous caves. Afternoon transfer to Mumbai airport board flight for Udaipur, arrive and transfer to hotel. Overnight at hotel
Day 04: Udaipur
Morning after breakfast, proceed for sightseeing of Udaipur, also known as the "City of Lakes," Visit the City Palace, Saheliyonki Bari, Jagdish Temple, Afternoon boat ride at lake Pichola. Overnight at hotel
Day 05: Udapur – Jodhpur (260 kms/06 hrs)
Morning after breakfast, drive to Jodhpur, en-route visiting the sculpted Jain temples of Ranakpur.
Arrive and check-in at hotel. Overnight at hotel
Day 06: Jodhpur
Morning after breakfast, proceed for sightseeing of city tour visit Meherangarh Fort and Jaswant Thada. Later visit Bishnoi village by jeep. Overnight at hotel
Day 07: Jodhpur – Jaipur (332 Kms/ 06 hrs)
Morning after breakfast, transfer to Jaipur the capital of Rajasthan state and also known as the "Pink City." On arrival check-in at hotel, later visit the City Palace, ancient observatory, Hawa Mahal, also known as "Palace of Winds." Overnight at hotel
Day 08: Jaipur
Morning after breakfast visit the mountain fortress of Amber where you have a choice of ascending the fort, riding royally atop elegantly draped and painted elephants or by jeep. Rest day at leisure.
Overnight at hotel
Day 09: Jaipur – Agra via Fatehpur Sikri (240 kms/05 hrs)
Morning after breakfast, drive to Agra En route visit Fatehpur Sikri. Check-in at hotel and afternoon proceed for sightseeing visit Agra Fort and day ends with the magnificent Taj Mahal, a monument to the memory of love. Overnight at Hotel
Day 10: Agra / Jhansi (by train) /Jhansi- Khajuraho ((180 kms/04 hrs)
Today, morning board the train for Jhansi. Arrive and drive to Khajuraho enroute visit Orcha fort/Temple. Later proceed to visit eastern and western group of temples. Evening see sound and light show. Overnight at hotel
Day 11: Khajuraho / Varanasi
After breakfast, board flight to holy city of Varanasi (Benares). Meeting upon arrival and visit visit Sarnath city site of Buddha's first sermon, with its stupas and museum. Check-in at hotel. Evening explore ghats by rickshaw ride and see the evening aarti ceremony.
Overnight at hotel
Day 12: Flight Varanasi / Delhi
Early this morning embark on a cruise on the Ganges. Witness a stunning sight as a multitude of devotees swarm the river and pay obeisance to the rising sun. Later continue on a walking tour of the historic city where spiritualism permeates the atmosphere. Later fly to the bustling capital city of Delhi and check in at your hotel. Overnight at hotel
Day 13: Delhi
After breakfast proceed for city tour an explore Old and New Delhi. In New Delhi visit India Gate, photo stop at Presidential Palace and Parliament House, Humayun's tomb ,Qutab Minar. In Old Delhi visit Jama Masjid, Red Fort (remain closed on Monday) only drive past and Raj Ghat -the cremation site of Mahatma Gandhi. Evening enjoy rickshaw ride at Chandini Chowk.
Overnight at hotel
Day 14: Departure Delhi
In time transfer to Delhi airport to board flight to onwards destination.


text: BUSINESS Disney adds Blu-ray extras 6:39 PM PDT 6/10/2008 by Thomas K. Arnold , AP FACEBOOK TWITTER EMAIL ME BD Live elements part of aggressive transition push Live, onscreen chat functions for future installments of such titles as "Lost" and "High School Musical," exclusive conversations with filmmakers, and a suite of other Web-enhanced special features are among the next-generation extras Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment has up its sleeves as the studio begins an aggressive push to transition consumers from standard DVD to Blu-ray Disc.During a presentation Monday night to officially unveil Disney's first BD Live title -- an elaborate 50th anniversary edition release of "Sleeping Beauty" -- division president Bob Chapek promised to add BD Live elements, which allow movie viewers to tap into the Web for a wealth of interactive options, to all upcoming Disney-branded releases beginning in the fourth quarter. To further hasten the transition to Blu-ray Disc, Disney is including a standard DVD with "Sleeping Beauty" to make it easy for consumers to understand the difference between the two formats.Chapek said the interactive extras on "Sleeping Beauty," from a menu backdrop that mirrors weather conditions in the viewer's home town to onscreen chat rooms and video messaging, are merely "our jumping off point of what's to come.""And that new canvas will now enable filmmakers and studios alike to push the creative content arena to heights never before imagined," Chapek said.Thanks to BD Live technology, future Disney releases could include such extras as live chats with filmmakers in which viewers use their Blackberrys or other PDAs to type in their end of the conversation, which then appears on the screen, as the movie rolls.The chat function debuts with "Sleeping Beauty," out Oct. 7, with an IM-like window that allows viewers to chat with fellow viewers watching the Blu-ray Disc at the same time."The idea of my little girl being able to experience the movie and chat in real time with her grandparents across the country is very exciting to me," Chapek said. "We are introducing this important feature on 'Sleeping Beauty,' but imagine the possibilities of extending this to other titles such as 'High School Musical' or, eventually, ABC's hit show 'Lost.' Can you imagine the level of excitement that will create with the tweens or the rabid fan base of 'Lost'?"Chapek also talked up video messaging, or "Disney Movie Mail," in which a video message can be inserted into a movie, at any point, at the viewer's discretion, and then sent to another viewer, for playback the next time the movie is watched."Theoretically, it takes a greeting card and puts it on steroids," Chapek said. "Imagine the possibilities beyond dad on a business trip. People being given the opportunity to use clips of their favorite Disney films to create movie mail messages will surely appeal to old, young and everyone in between."Chapek said Disney's goal is to "reinvent the experience of watching movies in the home ... by laying in a level of interactivity and connectivity that has never before been attempted in any format. This interactive connectivity will help us to connect families all across the country and help make the family room relevant again."Viewers taking advantage of these and other BD Live functions, Chapek said, will accumulate "reward points" and be able to tap into a newly created Disney BD Live Network."Here, Blu-ray owners will be able to acquire studio updates, download new trailers, and use their accumulated reward points to obtain wallpapers, ringtones, avatars and many other new exciting possibilities," he said. FACEBOOK TWITTER EMAIL ME Thomas K. Arnold email@example.com @thr AP email@example.com @thr


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Two decades after the outbreak of the "gay cancer," the AIDS epidemic has evolved its own social ecology, complete with treatment and prevention specialists, funding bureaucrats, social workers, care advocates, and half-interested politicians. At the base of this food chain lie the vaccine proponents, forced by circumstance into life as scrappy bottom feeders. Only 2 percent of the world's AIDS spending goes to vaccines. There are few vaccine activists; AIDS sufferers and their families are far more interested in treatment. Large pharmaceutical companies are only marginally interested in AIDS vaccines, and until recently, the government budget for vaccine research was a pittance.
This untoward environment has shaped a strange champion in Don Francis. If the virus that causes AIDS is an odd, fungible, indefatigable creature, then its most storied opponent is of a similar breed. When the government turned down his request to fund a massive vaccine trial seven years ago, he tapped into the venture capital boom with a $20 million vaccine startup company. Since this trial will end next summer with most experts saying it likely won't achieve the kind of positive result that would lead to a commercial drug, Francis and his company, VaxGen, have mutated again.
Francis has convinced a group of Korean companies to invest $160 million to build him a pair of bio-tech drug factories, with the promise of getting a piece of the $11 billion President George W. Bush has allocated to fight bioterror. If this creative financing end-run succeeds, VaxGen may survive well past next summer, when results of nationwide testing of its oft-maligned AidsVax vaccine become public. His company may become a commodity drug manufacturer, perhaps using the profits to develop other AIDS vaccines.
"There are other products that if they look good to go with us, we will be looking at those aggressively," Francis says.
Don Francis' persuasive genius, his brilliance as an AIDS-funding sharpie, his ability to inspire thousands of vaccine-trial volunteers and volumes of scientific scorn are exactly the traits one might expect to prevail in the bizarre, financially neglected world of AIDS vaccines.
And that's too bad, because America ought to consider the quest for an AIDS vaccine the most important project in the world.
Don Francis, a Centers for Disease Control specialist who battled the AIDS epidemic when it first broke out in San Francisco's Castro district two decades ago, has spent the past 17 years dedicating his life to a simple notion: Vaccines have eliminated previous generations' plagues, and they should eliminate AIDS. In a simpler world that might have meant a career spent grant writing, leading well-funded research teams, mounting a global vaccination campaign. Instead, it's required the skills of a physician, oil-field wildcatter, penny-stock pitchman, and international diplomat.
In 1995, after helping the South San Francisco biotech giant Genentech develop a vaccine it called gp 120, the vaccine team led by Francis applied for funding from the National Institutes of Health to conduct effectiveness trials, the last step before a drug is approved by the Food and Drug Administration. The NIH declined, saying the vaccine, which consisted of a protein designed to mimic HIV's protective shell, only created immunity against laboratory-bred HIV. It was ineffective against "wild," real-world HIV.
Rather than abandon the project, Francis convinced Genentech to spin the division into a separate company that Francis would run. He attracted $20 million in venture capital, opened offices near the San Francisco International Airport, and convinced the government of Thailand to cooperate in trials for his company's only product, the gp 120 vaccine he dubbed AidsVax. Two years ago he launched nationwide Phase 3 effectiveness trials at sites throughout the U.S. Some 5,000 U.S. volunteers have taken the vaccine. A public stock offering raised $40 million more.
The investors backing VaxGen haven't bought into just any speculative venture; they've bet on a wildly speculative one. The Associated Press last week quoted Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institutes of Health's Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, akin to America's AIDS czar, as saying he didn't expect to see a successful vaccine in less than 10 years, even though results from Francis' vaccine will be available next summer, and about 30 other experimental vaccines are now undergoing preliminary trials.
The scientific obstacles to establishing an HIV vaccine represent one of the most vexing puzzles in science. Much vaccine work that goes on hasn't progressed past the level of basic, curiosity-driven research. Developing a vaccine that is safe, while perfectly immunizing against all strains of HIV -- a virus famous for its endless mutations -- may be beyond the ability of current biological science. Most experts in infectious disease, in fact, believe Francis' VaxGen trial will fail.
The antibodies produced in Francis' volunteers reacted specifically to a virus cultured in a Genentech lab. Given HIV's chameleonlike talent for genetically refashioning itself, critics say the vaccine had little real-world meaning. And when these artificially provoked HIV antibodies were mixed in a test tube with real-world HIV, the antibodies had no effect at all.
It was scientific skepticism about gp 120 that turned Francis into an entrepreneur: AIDS czar Fauci decided seven years ago that government money shouldn't be used to fund Phase 3 trials. Volunteers around the U.S. are expected to finish the AidsVax trial next summer. Even if the cause of vaccine science gains -- in the form of insights into vaccine technology, experience in conducting AIDS-related vaccine trials, behavioral data about the high-AIDS-risk groups who participated in the VaxGen trial -- the VaxGen investors lose.
They would have, that is, if Francis hadn't a month ago assembled an odd joint venture with, among other investors, a Korean tobacco company. ("If I can help wean them from the tobacco business, I'm glad to," Francis says.)
Three Korean companies will put up $120 million to build a "bio-reactor" factory in Inchon, Korea, and a smaller factory in South San Francisco. VaxGen will provide its personnel and expertise to the venture, but no cash. In exchange, VaxGen will receive a 44 percent interest worth $58 million -- enough of a stake in the commodities manufacture business to make the VaxGen investors if not whole, then certainly happier.
Official statements about the deal touted the potential role of the two plants in manufacturing VaxGen's proprietary AidsVax vaccine. But if the current trials should fail, the new factories will live on as freelance bio-reactors, producing other inventors' drugs much in the way Asian sewing factories make skirts for Calvin Klein. In this case, their client might be the Fight Against Terrorism.
"It's too early to discuss where we would fit in. But we are talking to appropriate government offices, the Office of Homeland Security, and have had mutual discussions of their needs and ours," says Francis. "What we want to do is capitalize on our skills. We know the diseases, we have remarkable laboratory skills, so I think we have something to offer."
Francis hopes to attract some of President Bush's massive anti-bioterror budget to help cover the more than $200 million VaxGen has so far invested in AIDS vaccine research.
"There are other potential biodefense vaccines that we might be interested in getting into and are in active discussion with the government right now," Francis says, adding that his experience as a former Centers for Disease Control epidemiologist could be enlisted in the fight against terror. "I have worked on those sorts of diseases. I worked on Ebola. Our current CEO, Lance Gordon, worked on smallpox. We're part of that small club that worked on these crazy bugs, we're part of that small club that has great familiarity with these diseases."
VaxGen's financial burden further lightened in January, when the Centers for Disease Control gave $8 million toward a study connected with the VaxGen vaccine trial. While a relatively small amount in the realm of medical research funding, the grant went a long way toward enhancing Francis' reputation as a financial sharpie; last month the Chicago Tribune reported that one of the Centers for Disease Control officials who participated in the grant-making decision became a VaxGen vice president three months later.
Francis has followed this unusual path to drug financing in part because vaccine research has so far been an afterthought in the world of AIDS science. Only 2 percent of the $20 billion the world spends annually on AIDS goes to vaccines, though there exists widespread scientific enthusiasm about the potential of the 30 or so vaccine prototypes under development. This year's National Institutes of Health budget includes $422 million for AIDS vaccine research -- a 24 percent increase over the previous year and nearly triple the fiscal year 1998 funding level. Bill Gates' charitable foundation has pledged millions more for AIDS vaccine research. But the fact remains that the increased funding represents only twice the amount it cost just to develop the VaxGen vaccine. The few vaccine activists who exist are the AIDS-world equivalent of highly specialized policy wonks, in part because vaccines make a lousy rallying flag compared to AIDS treatment. Who, after all, believes him- or herself to urgently need a vaccine? While the potential popularity of a 100-percent effective AIDS vaccine is indisputable -- wouldn't you take an FDA-approved HIV vaccine? -- the real-world economics of vaccine research are more subtle. When a successful vaccine does arrive, it's likely to be less than perfect: 40 percent effective is a theoretical possibility often bandied about. In that form, an AIDS vaccine might be a harder sell
Pharmaceutical companies have pushed vaccine research beyond the back burner. VaxGen spun off from Genentech seven years ago; Merck is one of the few larger pharmaceutical companies doing important AIDS vaccine research. The bad economics of the vaccine business are simple: Vaccine development is hugely expensive and risky. AidsVax is 17 years and $200 million in the making, and it is widely expected to produce only limited protection at best. A perfect AIDS vaccine wouldn't fit the profile of a successful consumer product in the way Coca Cola or protease inhibitors do; by definition, vaccines don't draw return customers. According to a report last year by the consulting firm McKinsey & Company, vaccine research is so expensive that even the possibility of mass inoculations aren't sufficiently attractive to lure pharmaceutical giants to make the necessary investments in research.
So vaccine research faces a financial gauntlet, even though preventing AIDS through vaccines would be vastly cheaper than caring for the 14,000 who will contract HIV today. And tomorrow, and the next day, and for the foreseeable future.
In a world where 40 million people are infected with HIV, and 5 million more contract the virus every year, and where every year, 3 million of them die, it's nice to have a financial sharpie on our side.


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Brochure Design
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A brochure should reflect the brand image of an organization and therefore it needs to be distinct in concept and design. Brochure Designing is undoubtedly the most effective off-line marketing tool. Its handy feature has added to its popularity. We at Columbus Website Design Co offer a range of brochure design services for meeting the requirements of different types of customers.


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Support Forum
GeoIP addon is not working for my region/state
2 years 9 months ago #72325
Dan Oldermount
I have several modules on the same position, and with RL-Advanced Modules Pro and GeoIP add-on I have configured each module to be published only when on a particular region/state. On backend, the states of my country do appear, but on frontend all modules are displaying instead of only the one for my location.
I've tried to echo my current state using custom PHP with Sourcerer, using this code:
require_once JPATH_LIBRARIES . '/geoip/geoip.php';
$geo = new GeoIp($ip);
$location = $geo->get();
echo $location->state;
and with "region" as variable, too
echo $location->region;
but both codes return null.
I've tried both over wi-fi and 4G mobile network.
Please advise on how to take advantage of your solution. I'm at Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, by the way.
2 years 9 months ago #72327
Peter van Westen Admin
You are passing $ip which is not set. Just pass nothing so that GeoIP will get your current ip:
$geo = new GeoIp;


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Niche Programs
Accountability key to organic productionWritten by Christy Hemken
- Details
Published: 29 January 2008
By Christy Hemken, WLR Assist. & Crop Editor
Douglas - A farmer from Pine Bluffs raising several crops as 100 percent organic, Clint Jessen of Jessen Wheat is a part of what has been a family farm since 1910.
Speaking at the recent Ag-based Innovative Marketing Expo (AIMe) in Douglas, Jessen detailed some of what his farm has been through since going organic.
"The current farm has been there since 1946, when it was purchased after World War II by my grandfather. Since 1946, with the exception of spot spraying, we were essentially organic, but it just wasn't a known term until recently," said Jessen. "We just always farmed that way because we never put an extra dollar into the farm more than we had to."
"When I took over the operation it was still organically farmed because they had staying power. In 2001 I met my wife and we went to a conference where there was a gentleman talking about organic wheat," he continued. From there it didn't take long to become certified, and the farm's been certified organic since 2002.
After that initial conference the Jessens met a grain buyer, who said he'd pay a premium for their product if it was organic. "We were certifiable, but I was very reluctant to do it, and my wife thought it was the greatest thing in the world. She wasn't from a farm family so she was thinking outside the box and had no prior knowledge of how things have traditionally been done. She said she'd do all the paperwork, so I said, 'Ok let's try it.'"
Jessen said he didn't have the change the way he farmed, with the exception of products he used to control noxious weeds.
"We found a certifier and started the process and started the long form, which is approximately 28 pages of farm history questions. It was basic information that we had to go back and think about, with a three-year history of every field as far as crops and rotations and inputs used," he explained. "We had to number all of our fields and mark our buffer zones and field boundaries."
The Jessens use 36-feet-wide buffer zones between their organic crop and the conventional neighbors' where the crop is left to harvest until the end, after which it's sold as conventional.
After installing orange posts to mark the buffer zones within their field boundaries and sending letters to notify neighbors of what was going on, Jessen said a neighbor has still cut their buffer zones for the past few years as a part of his field because he thinks the posts mark a new property line. "Saves us time, I guess," he noted.
After filling out the form and doing their best to meet all regulations, Jessen said that's still not a guarantee of certification. "It just means that you think you're organic."
Jessen said one of the top three pros in favor of raising organic crops is the profit in terms of dollar figures. "All the paperwork made our farm more efficient. It was easy to see where we'd been messing up for years because we'd never kept the paperwork. I'd say even conventional farms should be doing 80 percent of the organic paperwork anyway. We weren't reinventing the wheel, we just kept track of the number spokes on it."
"Another pro is there is a premium paid over conventional crops. At first we were doing it for the money, but now it's become so much more," said Jessen.
Jessen said the percent of premiums varies on every crop and every buyer. "It's all about negotiation and marketing. The big thing is that it's made our farm sustainable, and bankers like sustainability. When we first got into organics they give us a deer-in-the-headlights look, but then we told them it's sustainability, which they're more on board with that. I feel it's increased our land value due to the fact that it's increased our premiums."
Jessen said a drawback to organics is the certification fees, which vary, but can add up. Also, crop insurance is higher, with a five to 10 percent higher premium but the same level of coverage.
"The paperwork, audit trail, inspections and extra work that comes along with organic is labor intensive and has created a full-time job for my wife. She does all the paperwork and most of the marketing and maintains daily journal," said Jessen. "We even went so far as to put maintenance logs in the tractors, and that goes back to the suggestion that 80 percent of organic paperwork should probably be maintained by a farm anyway."
Jessen said there's more labor in the field with tillage, marking buffer zones and clean-downs on semi trucks and combines. "Sometimes I'm sitting in a tractor in the same field and I've been there six and half hours and the farmer next to me has sprayed his entire field and gone home and I'm still there burning diesel."
And Jessen said that inspection remains stressful. "No matter how many of your ducks are in a row, when the inspector shows up it's still stressful. We've mow the grass and wash the windows and make sure everything's ship-shape."
"Organics forced us to take control of our marketing costs and pay close attention to detail," he concluded. "Other than the fact we don't use chemicals or synthetics, this is what organics is more about to me - accountability and the audit trail and knowing that I produced this seed, where it was planted and harvested and who it was sold to and where it went from there. That is the most important thing – accountability."
American Lamb Board reports positive progress on roadmap implementationWritten by Saige Albert
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Published: 02 May 2015
"It's no secret that the lamb industry has been faced with a major challenge," said the American Lamb Board (ALB) in a March 27 update on the implementation of the Industry Roadmap. "An industry decision to be more intentionally proactive about this downward trend resulted in the adoption of the Lamb Industry Roadmap at the 2014 Annual Sheep Convention."
The Roadmap, which was developed by leaders of every sector in the U.S. sheep industry, laid out the path by which the lamb industry looked to grow and improve.
"The Roadmap is much more than a set of guidelines, good ideas or wishful thinking," ALB commented. "It's a hands-on guide depicting a unified path toward industry growth."
One of the major challenges facing the industry has been a decline in consumption of lamb by Americans.
Data shows that from the mid-1940s to 2012, consumption dropped from 4.87 pounds of lamb per capita each year to only 0.31 pounds.
"While many factors have contributed to consumer decline in consumption – some of those factors being outside our control – it was acknowledged that there were actions that the sheep industry could – and indeed should – take to move the bar in its favor," ALB noted.
As a result, the lamb industry set four goals as part of its roadmap.
First, they looked to make American lamb a premier product every time. They also sought to promote lamb as a premier meat.
In the production chain, the Roadmap noted that the industry should work to improve productivity to remain competitive.
The final goal laid out in the Roadmap was to work together as a whole industry.
"Words on a page only have meaning when they inspire action," ALB commented. "We are happy to report that the Roadmap has spurred some measurable activity."
Among the measurable goals that they have accomplished, ALB's Implementation Committee developed a statement to encourage value-based pricing urging all packers to strive to increase grid-based pricing to 80 percent.
ALB also approved a subsidy for three electronic grading machines to be installed in the industry's three largest packing plants.
"These will enable more accurate grading than human grading," ALB said, "and they will provide the packers with extensive information about meat quality."
Another committee, the Product Characteristic Committee, is also wrapping up its Lamb Quality Audit, which will be used to formulate recommendations to improve the quality and consistency of the specialty meat.
"The Product Characteristic Committee also expects to make recommendations this fall to the industry at large on a definition of 'lamb' that is appropriate for a premium product," ALB added.
Industry improvement
The National Sheep Improvement Program's re-launch efforts have also been successful, with increased enrollment of flocks, as well as increased interest in the program by commercial producers.
As a response to the third goal – improvement of productivity – the American Sheep Industry Association (ASI) committed an additional $500,000 over three years toward the effort.
"A 'Let's Grow' coordinator was hired in January 2015 to lead these efforts, and Round One grant proposal applications are being solicited to assist producer groups in approving productivity," ALB mentioned.
Because demand has been a major challenge for the industry, a committee aimed at solving demand challenges formed a Marketing Advisory Council. The council is composed of top executives in the marketing arena to provide advice to ALB on effectively promoting lamb.
ALB noted, "The Demand Creation Committee is also supporting efforts to develop desirable lamb products from mutton to increase the popularity of ewe meat and thereby improve producer profitability."
Lastly, the Marketing Advisory Council has begun looking at providing greater collaboration between the industry regarding consumer communications.
Next steps
"While this listing is impressive," said ALB, "it only represents a few of the Roadmap-inspired actions being undertaken. Each effort is being carefully shepherded and is at its own stage of implementation."
They continued, "As the efforts build momentum, their effectiveness will be definitely felt by producers."
As ALB looks toward its next step, they have targeted aggressive implementation of ongoing initiatives as a top priority.
At the same time, they have also introduced a new initiative to look at actions that can be taken to reduce volatility in lamb supply and price.
"We will also be launching other innovative and inspired initiatives formulated by other Roadmap teams," said ALB.
"We'll keep producers informed as our work together gains momentum, as new initiatives are unveiled and as the Roadmap continues to inspire and inform our efforts," ALB commented. "We're headed in the right direction."
Community supported ag, direct marketing prosper in WyoWritten by Kelsey Tramp
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Published: 29 June 2013
Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) first appeared in the United States in the 1980s and has been rapidly growing in popularity.
"In Wyoming, we have gone from no farmers' markets to 42," says Cole Ehmke, UW Extension Educator, "and from no CSAs to 19, all in the last 10 years."
"Currently, demand for CSA shares in Wyoming outweighs the supply coming from Wyoming," Ehmke continues. "People in many parts of Wyoming have limited access to fresh, high-quality food, and interest in CSAs is growing in all parts of the state. Thus, there is tremendous opportunity for the growth of a well-managed CSA as part of a business portfolio for Wyoming producers."
How it works
The concept of a CSA is that the end consumer makes a direct connection with the producer of their food by becoming shareholders.
At the beginning of the season shareholders pay the farmer or rancher for a portion of the crop raise, providing financial support and often labor during the growing period. Then, as the season progresses, the shareholders get a regular delivery of produce or meat.
In many CSAs those shareholders help with projects on the property, go to communal dinners for all the shareholders and may even help plan or manage.
Wyoming proudly supports many CSAs that offer produce, as well as several that sell sides, quarters, and individual cuts of beef, pork, chicken and lamb to consumers.
Meat CSAs
A challenge that Wyoming producers are facing, according to Bridger Feuz, UW Extension Educator, is the lack of a USDA-inspected plant in Wyoming.
Producers are still able to sell within the state, but different regulations have to be taken into consideration when crossing state lines.
"A meat CSA would only need a USDA inspected plant if it were selling across borders," Ehmke states. "Otherwise a state-inspected plant would be acceptable."
"With a USDA-inspected processing plant in Wyoming, we would see more rapid growth with meat CSAs," Feuz adds.
Although meat CSAs can be challenging, there are also many benefits that the producers can enjoy. These include payment upfront and less repetitive interaction with the public.
"With a CSA, producers avoid answering the same questions over and over again like you would encounter at a farmers' market," explains Ehmke. "A CSA gives them the luxury of only answering the questions a few time and get a long term relationship from it."
Direct marketing
Direct marketing is another way that producers can market their product. The product can be sold locally or nationally with this plan and the consumer share is delivered all at once, rather than over a period of time with a CSA.
With direct marketing, shares of an animal are sold before the animal is harvested, allowing them to be processed in any licensed facility. These are usually sold as quarters, halves or sides and whole sections of the animal. Customers can specify their processing preference, and the product has the opportunity to be shipped nationally.
Direct marketing also allows the consumers to develop a relationship with the producer and see where their food is coming from.
"One of the best parts of doing this is getting to people the people that buy our meat," says Cindy Goertz of Wyoming Pure, Natural Beef, LLC. "It is pretty fun to talk to the customer, over the phone or in person, and it is important that people as consumer know who is producing their product."
CAB: Producers confident in today's tools, Angus geneticsWritten by Steve Suther
- Details
Published: 22 March 2014
Angus breeders like Sydenstricker Genetics Manager Ben Eggers of Mexico, Mo., say the Certified Angus Beef (CAB) brand's impact and their ability to respond, grow in tandem with the record premiums paid.
"In the earlier days of CAB we often heard, 'Where's the premium?' I haven't heard that in quite a while," Eggers observes. "The value of superior carcass merit is well documented now, and many top commercial cattlemen have reaped the benefits. As that 'pull through' effect grows even stronger, I think we'll see even more increase in beef demand as the average quality increases."
At the calf level, the soaring premiums move past any perceived "black hide" advantages.
"The CAB premiums help explain the huge price spreads we've seen lately based on quality," says Malta, Mont. Seedstock Producer Dave Hinman. "It's been $20, $30 per hundredweight, or more, on the same weight cattle."
The difference of nearly $200 per head shows great buyer confidence, he says.
"The feeder couldn't afford to pay that if he didn't know a lot about the calves. They have to watch everything pretty close," he continues.
Hinman's bull customers do, too, and their solution is to find balance.
"We put all the numbers in our catalog, and they look at all of them," he says. "They want it all, just like their next buyer, all the way to the people standing in line to be seated at a steakhouse. And people will pay to get what they want."
Science, performance data and common sense used in concert can create those genetics.
"But you can't forget any one of those," Hinman says.
Having grown up in the meat business, Dick Beck, manager of Three Trees Ranch in Sharpsburg, Ga., wonders why some cattlemen pay scant attention to beef quality potential. Sure, they're concerned with fertility, fleshing ability and other maternal traits not easily measured, but that's no reason to ignore the carcass side.
"The cowherd traits have a big economic impact but they're not very heritable. Carcass traits are highly heritable, so it is easy to make progress or lose ground," he notes. "Keep working on the cowherd, but why would you walk away from making progress on a trait that's easily improved?"
Ability to produce premium beef can make an Angus bull worth at least $10,000 more than average, Beck notes, doing the math.
"If you get 100 calves in his life and 40 of them grade Prime, that can add $8,000," he says. "If 40 more make CAB, that could be another $3,000."
He says "commodity-minded" producers debate the ups and downs of the Choice-Select spread. "That doesn't mean anything to us – if we're not making at least Choice cattle, we're not in the Angus business."
Like Hinman, Beck says the most-demanded bulls are the ones that do it all, including quality grade.
"We're finally to the point where we can design a system that produces premium beef every time if you do everything else right," Beck says. "That's exciting."
Don Schiefelbein of Kimball, Minn. agrees. His family buys calves from their bull customers and finishes 20,000 head per year to sell on a grid.
"Making the cattle do 85 percent or 90 percent, even 100 percent, CAB was unheard of just five or six years ago," he says.
When they do, as a fair number of loads did last year, the breakeven equations go out the window.
"Say you have two steers and one makes CAB and one doesn't," Schiefelbein narrates. "It costs nothing more for the one that earned the premium – it's all extra dividend, added value built in. That's why breakevens mean nothing when you try to factor in 80 percent CAB."
When all calves are selling for record-high prices is "the perfect time for genetic upgrades," he says. "Get your genetics in order to add value to your calves. It's a sweet time to invest for a whole new level of prices."
Some producers bought bulls for $2,500 or less in 2013, but in January, a set of heifers from the Schiefelbein feedlot grossed $2,500 per head on the rail, nearly all Prime or CAB. They were from a herd that had stacked high-marbling Angus genetics for three generations, the standing recommendation for all bull customers and one that can take decades to achieve across a herd.
The market says it's a goal worth pursuing.
This article is courtesy of Steve Suther at Certified Angus Beef.
Community supported ag: Robinson family offers local produce, ag educationWritten by Teresa Milner
- Details
Published: 31 October 2012
Bedford – Over the last century, Americans have become increasingly re-moved from the production of their food. But one Lincoln County producer is working to change that through community supported agriculture, offering local, seasonal produce directly from their farm to the consumer.
Marion and DeeAnne Robinson run Robinson Family Farm and Ranch in Bedford. The fourth generation agriculture operation is housed on 110 acres.
The Robinsons work with their members to produce like kale, collard greens, cauliflower, spinach, tomatoes, peppers, onions, summer squash and herbs, among other products. They also offer meat and egg shares.
This concept of marketing directly from the farm to customers is known as community supported agriculture, or CSA.
The Robinsons are among a growing number of agriculture producers foregoing traditional markets in favor of participating in community supported agriculture.
Essentially, CSA is a partnership between farmers and customers. Customers buy shares in a season's produce, sharing the risk and rewards of harvest with the farmer. Offerings can include everything from vegetables and fruit to eggs, milk, beef or pork.
Marion Robinson started the operation after participating in the Wyoming agricultural leadership program, L.E.A.D. (Leadership, Education and Development). He had returned to Star Valley after working in the corporate sector out of state and was searching for a way to establish sustainability on a small acreage.
"I didn't think I could earn a living in agriculture. There aren't many truly large corporate businesses in Star Valley that needed my business skills. I believed in the traditional model of get big or get out and didn't know how I could make a go of it as a small farmer," says Marion. "The L.E.A.D. program helped open my eyes to the many different opportunities there are in agriculture if you're willing to work hard and be creative."
The Robinsons started their CSA program in 2006 with help from another producer with three acres of vegetables. That year, the farm provided produce for 14 members, with some excess vegetables sold at the Jackson farmer's market.
Today, Robinson Family Farm and Ranch has 40 members, about half of which are work share. Work share members pay for their shares by putting in three to five hours of work on the farm each week.
Marion says the work share option is win-win for the farm and his customers.
"I'm as motivated by affordability as by sustainability. The work share option provides the member with healthy fresh produce and our farm with some much-needed labor. Other folks choose a work share just to learn more about gardening and vegetable production."
Extreme gardening
Gardening at 6,000 feet in elevation provides some challenges, but Marion says that fact alone hasn't deterred him. He uses greenhouses and a little ingenuity to operate almost year-round.
Marion starts some seeds indoors shortly after the first of the year, and then transfers the seedlings outdoors in the later months. He says he overlaps his younger, hot crops with larger, more established cold crops to get a jumpstart on growth and to maximize space.
As a result, Robinson Family Farm and Ranch is able to offer its customers five months worth of vegetables – from June through October.
The final offering is a bulk pickup of crops that store well, such as potatoes, carrots and cabbage.
"We often refer to what we do as 'extreme gardening,'" Marion explains. "I've come to embrace the harsh climate. We don't have as many pest issues, and our season is never too hot for cold crops like peas or lettuce like it can be in Utah or Idaho. It's certainly labor intensive in summer, but we enjoy our slower months."
Wider markets
In addition to distributing products directly to members, Marion sells produce at both the Star Valley and Jackson farmers' markets. When the harvest allows, he also sells to Jackson grocery stores and area restaurants. Robinson Family Farm and Ranch has also worked with area schools to provide healthy snacks to school kids.
Robinson Family Farm and Ranch sells chemical-free produce, grass-fed beef and eggs from pastured poultry. Marion can't market his products as organic, because he hasn't completed all the steps to be certified organic officially, which is a lengthy and intensive process. Instead, he offers what he calls customer certification.
"My niche market is a health motivated market. The next best thing to growing the produce yourself is a community supported agriculture operation," Marion says. "We are customer certified. We open our doors to our customers to examine our processes, equipment and methods. The best guarantee we can give to someone is to let them participate in the growing process side-by-side with us."
Community oriented
Marion says he really enjoys the community aspect of community supported agriculture.
"It's been rewarding to meet and get to know our members and teach farming to our work shares. We get to rub shoulders with some really neat people through our business. We've gotten to know people in our area, and even people from Poland, Israel and Germany," he explains.
"I really like how community supported agriculture puts the farm back in the community and puts the community back in the farm," Marion continues.
What started as a dream more than six years ago is now a thriving, sustainable business for Marion.
"My whole value system has changed through agriculture. I feel more secure financially than I ever have, even working in corporate America," he says. "Our farming model lets us control the inputs to our farm and helps make us self-reliant and sustainable, and gives me a sense of security and pride I hadn't known before."


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Listing: #2813824
welcome you are buyding on an:
Zoll 1600 Defi / Pacemaker Patient Monitor with key printer
With ECG monitor, pace cable and printer
Brand: Zoll
Accessories: (noECG cable and leads are not included )
Included :PD1400 Multi-Function Cable PACE Patient Monitor cable, recorder/printer/no battery but easy to find
NOTE: Look at the pictures, these are of the actual item that you will be getting, if its not in the photos, dont assume, ask questions!!!Please Note: Please remember that we are all human. We will do our best to describe each item to the best of our ability.


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Oct. 2, 2019
Dear Campus Community,
As we head into the fall term, the Board of Trustees wants to join others in welcoming you to Portland State, whether this is your first term as a student or your 30th year as a faculty member. A new academic year always promises fresh opportunities to learn, research, create and innovate.
It has been a busy and productive summer on campus. Dr. Stephen Percy has agreed to serve as interim president until such time as the Board of Trustees appoints a permanent president. We are grateful for his service and pleased with the steps he is taking to move PSU forward.
Over the coming months, the Faculty Senate Steering Committee will be studying issues such as the structure and recruitment of administrative leadership and the future of shared governance at PSU. The board has discussed taking up the issue of the presidential search in the Spring of 2020 out of consideration for the timeline for the Faculty Senate Steering Committee's review. We are committed to the principles of shared governance and look forward to the steering committee's findings.
The Board of Trustees' next meeting will be Oct. 10, 2019. Thank you for being valued members of the PSU community.
Gregory Hinckley, chair
Margaret D. Kirkpatrick, vice-chair


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These beautiful family maternity photos from Emily Heizer, Photography with Flair capture a sweet family of four, with one on the way. Mom Stephanie was 2 weeks from her due date in these photos with her three little boys: 5-year-old twins Grant & Kellen and 3-year-old Lennox. While they are celebrating the new life that is about to join them, they are also mourning the unexpected loss of Stephanie's husband, Justin, who passed away midway through this pregnancy. Stephanie wanted the session to reflect their life as it is right now, which is in a state of healing, while also bringing Justin's presence into the images. He was an avid swimmer, so the pool made the perfect spot for some shots. Later they piled into Justin's perfectly restored Volkswagen Bus, his pride and joy that he had worked on so diligently. Such a wonderful idea to include his memory in these photos. See more in the full gallery.
Photography: Emily Heizer, Photography with Flair


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Deep Dark Fears
http://deep-dark-fears.tumblr.com/ (found in http://www.boredpanda.com/deep-dark-fears-comic-strips-fran-krause/)
The Holders Series
MS Estonia accident radio transcript
Just in case I forget:
- bow
- front of ship (proa)
- stern
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- port
- left of ship (babor)
- starboard
- right of ship (estribor)
- to list
- to lean, to keel (escorar)
How to Write a Spelling Corrector
Shavian alphabet
"The Shavian alphabet (also known as Shaw alphabet) is an alphabet conceived as a way to provide simple, phonetic orthography for the English language to replace the difficulties of the conventional spelling. It was posthumously funded by and named after Irish playwright George Bernard Shaw. Shaw set three main criteria for the new alphabet: it should be (1) at least 40 letters; (2) as "phonetic" as possible (that is, letters should have a 1:1 correspondence to phonemes); and (3) distinct from the Latin alphabet to avoid the impression that the new spellings were simply "misspellings".
Floyd's linked list detection algorithm
Pretty is not important
John Titor
Computer Archeology: Space Invaders
Futility, or the Wreck of the Titan
"Futility, or the Wreck of the Titan is an 1898 novella written by Morgan Robertson. The story features the ocean liner Titan, which sinks in the North Atlantic after striking an iceberg. The Titan and its sinking have been noted to be very similar to the real-life passenger ship RMS Titanic, which sank fourteen years later."
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Ruth Bader Ginsburg Joins WFMT on Monday for Opera and the Law
The Supreme Court justice will be joined by singers from the Ryan Opera Center for a live studio performance.
The Notorious RBG is coming to Chicago airwaves next week. Supreme Court justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg will join WFMT host Lisa Flynn on Monday to discuss opera and the law, as well as share some of her favorite arias. The program will start at 10 a.m. on Monday on 98.7 WFMT, with brief clips reairing that night on Chicago Tonight.
Ginsburg, an outspoken opera fan, will be joined by members of the Ryan Opera Center, who will present excerpts from Carmen, Das Rheingold, Billy Budd, Dead Man Walking, and The Pirates of Penzance—all operas with legal scenes.
It sounds random—a Supreme Court justice joining a Chicago radio station for a midday show—but it all goes back to Ginsburg's son James, who founded Cedille Records, a classical music label, in Chicago in 1989. The justice is in town to present an award to Sage Foundation president Melissa Sage Fadim at the label's fifth annual Soirée Cedille on Sunday night.
"I knew that she was in town because she's presenting an award at Cedille Records," says WFMT program director David Polk. "We asked if she was going to stay in town another day." The justice agreed.
"She will be in the studio [in North Park]. She'll be here for two hours, and for the first hour she'll be presenting recordings that she enjoys, and the second hour she will be talking about opera and the law."
It's not the first time Ginsburg has spoken about law and opera—not even the first time for Chicago audiences. In 2012 she weighed in on the cases of The Magic Flute and Faust during a panel at the annual meeting of the American Bar Association.
"The opera and the law lecture she has done versions of it elsewhere," Polk says, "[but] I don't know if she's ever done it on the radio before."
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Remembrance Day: 90 years of amnesia
On the first Armistice Day—November 11, 1918—there were 10,944 casualties on the Western Front, with 2,738 soldiers slain. The armistice had been expected for days, and word spread quickly of its signing about 5 a.m. that morning. Yet the killing, incredibly, actually quickened.
According to Joseph H. Persico in Eleventh Month, Eleventh Day, Eleventh Hour (Random House, 2004), casualties on the Western Front during the First World War's 1,561 days averaged 2,250 dead and slightly less than 5,000 wounded per day. Officers seeking a last chance to advance their careers, commanders desiring to punish the enemy one more time, and less ambitious men dully following outdated orders all contributed to making the 11th morning of November a more than usually murderous one.
Persico also points out that the casualties in Normandy on June 6, 1944, were about 10,000 for all sides. D-Day's desperate assault, involving hundreds of thousands of combatants in fierce fighting, produced fewer casualties than the first day of peace in 1918.
The war that ended 90 years ago was that kind of war. Persico's calculations yield 29,800,700 battle casualties: 8,364,700 were killed and 21,436,000 were wounded, of which an estimated seven million were permanently maimed. Small comfort that it was the last major war in which the number of civilian deaths (6,276,000) was smaller than that suffered by military personnel.
What in Canada is called Remembrance Day has never been a victory celebration—not that we are without victories. In April 2007, the Vimy Ridge Monument in France was rededicated to mark the successful Easter Monday attack, April 7, 1917, that was Canada's first successful offensive battle on an international stage. Remembrance Day, on the other hand, is when we recall the rest of that sad, insane, sickening maelstrom that destroyed a good part of a generation and forever soured the attitude of most of its survivors.
Canada did have another victory in the war to end all wars, but until a feature film came out this year, there were few who marked it. On November 6, 1917, elements of the Second Canadian Division entered the village of Passchendaele, Belgium, along with Britain's 6th Brigade. The only way they could tell they had reached their objective was a fragment of stone wall less than a metre high amid a sea of muddy shell holes, indicating where the village church had once stood. A grand advance of seven kilometres had been achieved since the Third Battle of Ypres began four months before, at the cost of about 750,000 casualties on all sides.
In his book In Flanders Fields: The 1917 Campaign (Viking Press, 1959), Leon Wolff tells how Field Marshal Douglas Haig's chief of staff, Lt.-Gen. Sir Launcelot Kiggell, planned the four months of assaults with meticulous brilliance. Kiggell was a fiend for detail and much admired for taking into account every available shell and shoelace. What he did not account for was that the water table in the Ypres flatlands came to within a half-metre of the surface of the ground. The problem was made worse by destroyed canals and drainage ditches, and the nearly constant rain during the attacks, compounded by constant shelling, turned the earth into bloody, body-sucking porridge.
No one knows the ratio between soldiers killed by bullets and shells compared to how many slipped off makeshift duckboards and drowned in the muck while trying to advance to attack positions. At least attempts were made to save some of the men, as opposed to tens of thousands of pack horses, donkeys, and mules that sank into the mud, their screams not easily ignored even in the din of the shelling.
It all made for a disturbing sight when Gen. Kiggell decided for the first time since the war began to leave headquarters and set his own eyes on the landscape of victory.
"As his staff car lurched through the swampland and neared the battleground he became more and more agitated. Finally he burst into tears and muttered, "˜Good God, did we really send men to fight in that?'
"The man beside him, who been through the campaign, replied tonelessly, "˜It's worse further up.'?" Along with other historians, Wolff spares us the reaction of the hitherto weeping Kiggell to what he saw "further up" on his victory tour. We can try to imagine what horrors reduced a general to anguished sobbing, and the laconic topper tells us the battlefield itself was beyond any imagining.
By the end, it was obvious to almost everyone that the First World War had gotten the world nowhere. The hard line taken by France at Versailles in 1919 was motivated by revenge more than any desire to accomplish anything, and the supposed aim of preventing Germany from ever again having the capability to wage aggressive war failed rather spectacularly.
The fall of monarchies, the rearrangement of diplomatic chess pieces, and other such changes have all had their effect over time, but when the war ended most people only knew that millions of innocent young men had been turned into bloodstained soil. And when the dazed and maimed returned to ask, "For what?", there was no answer because patriotic platitudes were inadequate against the sheer magnitude of the disaster that had strewn immense fields of graves from the North Sea to Switzerland.
In Canada, there were towns that were half-abandoned because most of the men had gone overseas and so few had come back. But listing casualties by country is futile, because it implies there is some dark contest in suffering. It always ends in a tie. The disaster happened to all of us on Earth, as wars always do. The trouble is it happens all too personally to the young men (and, these days, young women) we send to do jobs that are supposedly more important than surviving to have children of their own.
"To all the world he was a soldier. To me he was all the world." That epitaph on many a First World War grave speaks profoundly of innumerable personal universes shattered and diminished. The trouble is that wars recede in time, and numbers like eight million dead become just numbers. Remembrance becomes amnesia.
Near Verdun, France, stands the Douaumont Ossuary, a tall stone beacon that is a storehouse for human remains that kept rising to the surface of the surrounding fields after November 11, 1918: the bones of 150,000 men in all. According to Alistair Horne in The Price of Glory: Verdun 1916 (St. Martin's Press, 1962), a Maj. Roman of the French army got to meet a few of those men face to face while they were still in the flesh.
Corpses were routinely interred in the sides of trenches because burial parties could not venture into the incessant shelling, and the shelling, in turn, kept sifting the corpse-ridden earth like a baker mixing flour and raisins. Roman was assigned to his forward position in July, halfway through a 10-month battle that killed or wounded at least 700,000 and possibly more than a million, and a falling shell provided a surprise outside his headquarters dugout.
"On my arrival, the corpse of an infantryman in a blue cap partially emerges from this compound of earth, stone, and unidentifiable debris."
"But a few hours later, it is no longer the same; he has disappeared and has been replaced by a Tirailleur in khaki. And successively there appear other corpses in other uniforms. The shell that buries one disinters another. One gets acclimatized, however, to this spectacle; one can bear the horrible order of this charnel-house in which one lives, but one's joie de vivre, after the war, will be eternally poisoned by it."
Generals, presidents, and prime ministers survive to write memoirs about their victories, so they have no problem being remembered. November 11 is when we remember the others, the innocents who on that day briefly emerge from the past—from the churning chaos of war, from the stinking filth of trenches, and from charred shell craters—to remind us in their millions that they might, indeed, have died in vain. And then they are submerged again in our collective unconsciousness.
1 Comments
Bill Bishop
Nov 8, 2008 at 1:39am
Bill Bishop said...
Sir J.G. Bourinot wrote in "How Canada is Governed(1895) under "Executive Power" with regards to the Dominion Government and the National flag, Quote" The Dominion of Canada has also authority to display on all public occasions a national flag; viz., the Red or Blue Ensign...The Red Ensign is displayed at the opening and closing of parliament, and on national occasions. The Blue Ensign is a distinguishing flag of the government vessels of Canada; the mercantile marine of the Dominion has a right to use the Red Ensign."Sir John George Bourinot,(1837-1902)Canadian historian and political scientist. He is remembered as an authority on the Canadian constitution and government his "Local Government in Canada (1887), Manuel of the Constitutional History of Canada (1888,rev.ed.1901), How Canada Is Governed (1895, rev.ed. 1918)," and other books are still authoritative... It would be wise and only fair to make sure that it becomes common knowledge that with the passage of time the true perspective on the creation of the current national flag of Canada, and the great emotion and sadness that accompanied the moment has in many ways been purposely hidden, lied about, overlooked and in many cases forgotten. In June 1964 the Toronto Telegram wrote "The people of Canada should be allowed to decide whether or not they wish to live under the flag of thier forebearers or discard it in favor of a new emblem...Mr. Pearson has an enviable reputation for sagacity and diplomacy. Let him ask the people by referendum whether they want to replace the banner that carries the symbols of our nationhood by one that is mounted on the colour of surrender and would be most suitable for an arboretum." The Vancouver Province wrote "Canadians who are outraged at the thought of abandoning a flag sanctified by lives and blood of thousands of our countrymen in two great wars - a flag of colour and character in every way superior to the glorified dish towel that Mr. Pearson seeks single-handedly to impose on this country." No one can change these facts and many of us will always remember.