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Diamonds and Dogs
Value stocks fight back. Grocer, Kroger (KR) is up 12% to a five month high following better than expected earnings. The company beat by 4 cents on in-line sales and reaffirmed 2018 guidance while also looking better than expected fourth quarter comps. Chief Executive Rodney McMullen said the company had its best ever Black Friday, led by record sales at Fred Meyer.
Juniper (JNPR) is in play. The networking company is down 3% after initially rallying on takeover rumors. The rumor was Nokia was preparing an offer for Juniper, a rival of Cisco Systems, but Nokia said they are not currently in talks with, nor are they preparing an offer for, Juniper Networks related to an acquisition of the whole company. Nokia and Juniper have a U.S. marketing partnership. Speculation that Nokia would buy Juniper first surfaced in 2014, but Nokia backed away from making an offer.


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On the Night You Were Born
By Nancy Tillman
Narrated by Orlagh Cassidy / 11 minutes
On the night you were born,
the moon smiled with such wonder
that the stars peeked in to see you
and the night wind whispered.
"Life will never be the same."
On the night you were born, the whole world came alive with thanksgiving. The moon stayed up till morning. The geese flew home to celebrate. Polar bears danced.
On the night you were born you brought wonder and magic to the world. Here is a book that celebrates you. It is meant to be carried wherever life takes you, over all the roads, through all the years.
This debut picture book by Nancy Tillman has touched the hearts of readers of all ages, from the youngest readers, to new mothers, to grandparents. A New York Times and Publishers Weekly bestselling book, On the Night You Were Born is sure to be a beloved addition to family libraries.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Felyx was presented by ESA Project Officer Veronica Guidetti at the European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2014 in Vienna. It provided to future users a glance on the latest prototype version with some "real life" application examples. It was also showcased during the presentation with a demonstration movie.
The slides of the presentation can be found here.


text: Re-fuelling panel Jul 26, 2015 16:06:08 GMT Quote Select PostDeselect PostLink to PostMemberGive GiftBack to Top Post by MarkH on Jul 26, 2015 16:06:08 GMT I made a new panel! This is for adding or tweaking fuel when flying any FSX aircraft. I can't remember who suggested www.plasticsheets.com but I got the acrylics pre-cut from there for peanuts. They are laser-cut, but obviously I still had to drill all the holes. Definitely recommended if you are in the UK.BeforeAfter


text: This is my personal website that provides a data repository for the various subjects that interest me. Virtually all of the web pages have been worked up at home for personal use, some as part of university projects and some are still works in progress. It is not intended as a general public site - more a site for those who I know share my interests.


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Book cheap airline tickets to スリナム
Book flights to スリナム. Book cheap airline tickets to スリナム with TraveliGo. Browse cheap flights to スリナム by any other airlines by comparison price and select promotions from all airlines around the world. TraveliGo.com the best ways to buy airfare with no booking fees.
の空港 スリナム
- Albina Airport (ABN)
- Botopasie Airport (BTO)
- Djoemoe Airport (DOE)
- Drietabbetje Airport (DRJ)
- Ladouanie Airport (LDO)
- Nieuw Nickerie Airport (ICK)
- Stoelmanseiland Airport (SMZ)
- Totness Airport (TOT)
- Vincent Fayks Airport (OEM)
- Wageningen Airport (AGI)
- Washabo Airport (WSO)
- Zanderij International Airport (PBM)
- Zorg En Hoop Airport (ORG)


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Dancing in Scotland
This page details regular weekly ceilidh dance events and should be read in conjunction with the monthly lists.
Please confirm the event is actually taking place before attending for the first time. Most events take some holiday periods during the year. Holidays will be shown where notified.
Every Monday
Royal British Legion, 43 Junction Road, Kirkwall KW15 1AR (Orkney Islands). New venue from 2nd September 2019 7.30pm - 10pm. Old Time, Ceilidh & Country Dancing to Live Music. Everyone welcome to dance or listen to the music. Admission Adult £5 Child £2 (with adult please) Contact: Lana 01856 873 534
Pay at Door
St Patrick's Hall, Strathleven Place, Dumbarton. G82 1BA 7.30pm - 10.30pm £4 [Bar] Jim & Sue Browne's Ceilidh and Social Dance Class with Old Time, Ceilidh and some set dances. Contact 01436 268 238.
Every Tuesday
Humbie Village Hall, East Lothian. 7.30pm - 10pm £3 B.Y.O.B. Ceilidh, Old Time & Social Dance Club. Host:- Owen & Catherine Harrison. Tuition Given. Contact Tel:- 01383 415 142
Every Wednesday
Pitcairn Centre, 61 High Street, Bonnyrigg EH19 2DB (class formerly held in Dean Tavern) 7.30pm-9.30pm £4. Live Music. Ceilidh Dance & Old Time Dance Club. Host:- Jennifer Johnstone. Tel; 07724 513 480. Hall Contact 0131 663 9343 or 0131 663 8287.
Stornoway Primary School, Jamieson Drive, Stornoway, Isle of Lewis HS1 2LF 7pm - 9pm Ceilidh & Old Time Dance Class. Contact Janette Maciver 01851 704 870. Classes held during school term only.
Midlem Village Hall near Selkirk TD7 4QE 8pm- 10pm Live Music. £2 [Tea] Old Time dances. Contact Grace Belle Scott 01835 870 244. October to March each year.
Every Thursday
Kirkton Village Hall, Village Green, DG1 1ST 7.30pm - 10pm £4 at Door Live Music/Refreshments/Tuition. Old Tyme Dance Group. All welcome Contact: John M Caskie 01387 710 975 or 07711 573 071 Restarts 19th September until 5th December 2019
2nd & 4th Thursdays Closed
Glen Douglas Hall (nr. Jedburgh) TD8 6PF 7.30pm - 10pm (Old Time & Ceilidh Classes) Tutor: Grace Belle - Beginners welcome. Live Music. Cost £3 [Tea] Contact John Currie: 07803 951 298
Closed owing to falling numbers
Every Saturday
Largo Ward Village Hall, Fife. 8pm - 11pm £5 [tea] No Bar. Live bands (different each week - see monthly list for Band details)
Most Sundays
Girl Guide Hall, Dundas Place, East Kilbride. Meets 7.30pm - 10pm £2 (incl. tea/biscuit). Ceilidh Dance, Set & Old Time Dance Club. Phone to check if 1st visit. Info from 01294 212 267 or 01355 230 134 or 01355 228 407 Afternoon classes have stopped.


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DRUIDapp, Inc. employs cutting edge technology to educate users about their own level of impairment and provide a way to assess others' impairment in safety-related positions–in order to enhance public health and safety.
Smittio!, 02/12/2019
Groundbreaking app.
This is the first direct impairment detector. Can save your life and the lives of others. Check your score before you "operate heavy machinery"!
teodog27, 04/03/2019
Be safe and have fun
All that newly legal weed you r smoking isnt making u a better driver. Be safe use this app and dont drive impaired. Its fun anyway like a video game
Beyond drug and alcohol impairment
Current and future research will provide the means to use DRUID in other areas such as: sports – where concussion is a concern, senior care facilities- to track cognitive decline, pain management to calibrate optimal dosages, military fitness for duty & training limits and the effects of fatigue.
The Story
Founder Michael Milburn, a Professor of Psychology at the University of Massachusetts/Boston for almost 40 years, developed the DRUID app after listening to a story about marijuana legalization and the problem that there was no test for cannabis impairment. He believed that he could devise a test that would save lives by providing people with an quick test that would tell them how impaired they were, enabling people to make safer decisions.
The app was launched –10,000+ downloads Wired Magazine article published.
1.7MM SBLI Grant received- Funding for the Research to do more.
Behind The App
Michael Milburn, PhD
Founder, CSO
David Hartig
John Hayes
Murray Dalziel, PhD
Michael Levin
Norman Wozniak
Director of User Experience Design
Laura Strassman


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Our after party couldn't get any more Austin if we tried – a back yard bar-b-que at Lustre Pearl, famous for its tall boys, cocktails and hula-hoops! Sink your teeth into some of the most famous Texas cuisine, Salt Lick BBQ, while dancing to the local band, The Motts, in the Live Music Capital of the World. When the party's over, take a stroll down laid-back Rainey Street, one of the most popular tucked-away streets in the city.
*Dinner will be served from 8:00 – 8:30PM
October 29 @ 19:00
7:00 pm — 10:00 pm (3h)
Lustre Pearl


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Federal Jurisdiction Based on Removal: A 50-State Survey
Kentucky and Georgia Chapters, American Bar Association, Section of Litigation, Pharmaceutical Subcommittee of the Products Liability Committee, December 2008
by Stites & Harbison, PLLC
It has long been recognized that "there is no other phase of American jurisprudence with so many refinements and subtleties as removal and remand." Familiarity with the timing, grounds, and procedural steps of removal is essential, as a party's failure to follow the appropriate procedures may have long-standing effects.
Click here to read the Kentucky and Georgia chapters of this survey.


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One day last week Jay came in the house most annoyed. He had been sorting the recycling when he heard a noise. He turned around to see a rat nibbling its way into his shed. Realising he had been spotted the rat raced to a different corner and started to burrow underneath.
Jay came in swearing about the rat, dumped the recycle box and headed back out again to block up any potential holes. Only the rat was smarter than that. On inspection the next day James found one blockade pushed in and the other burrowed under. To put it bluntly, I had one seriously pissed off husband. Stronger blockades were set and I made many sympathetic noises to rants about "bloody vermin".
On Sunday afternoon the girls wanted to play in the garden. So after Wellington's were put on and snuggly warm jumpers distributed they headed out. It was only after a couple of minutes there were shouts of:
"Daddy! Come here quick!"
"Mummy, look under the barbecue!"
James and I headed out to discover under the barbecue a gift from Sparky. Now normally gifts from our cat are not appreciated (especially the partially skinned, decapitated, disemboweled mouse left at the front door last week) but this present was more than welcome. It was a rat. Maybe not the rat, but Sparky was the hero of the day.


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530 1st Street, Rexford
3 - Bedrooms
1 - Bathrooms
1 - Garages
1,443 - Square Feet
The seller has completed all the interior updates; new flooring, new plumbing, new AC, windows, doors, and a new roof. This is a nice home in the great community of Rexford. Give Marilyn a call for a private tour.


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About Us
Photo Gallery
Opportunity Landscapes and Nursery LLC was founded in 2012 by Charles Darby with the sole purpose of providing customers with the quality service of custom landscape and hardscape design installations. He started his career as a teen working with some of the most prestigious and well-respected companies in the industry. Here he learned both the residential and commercial aspects of the industry. He knew that the mentorship and solid foundation of learning would someday allow him to build his own company and achieve his vision. Younger than most of the competition he set a goal to be leader in the industry for his generation. He devoted himself to networking and building relationships with others in the industry. The appropriate naming of the company, "Opportunity" Landscapes and Nursery, has great personal meaning as it affords a way to both give and receive opportunities. Building a solid team, both professionally and personally, in support of timely and efficient productivity is a constant focus. Charles devotes his eye for designing the best personalized outdoor living spaces, so that his customers experience enjoyment and satisfaction each time they are outdoors or simply looking out the window. With his novel concept that "a landscape should not be maintained but grow to its capacity" he ensures that the most appropriate plant material is selected. Thus, providing simple and elegant landscapes, achieving the goal for a low maintenance outcome. The success of Opportunity Landscape and Nursery LLC can be attributed to its leadership by a creative and passionate individual and the team committed to excellence in the field.
Reputable team
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just a click away"


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2 inch Tea Brewing Mesh Ball – Easy, Clean Way to Brew Your Own Fresh Teas
A stainless steel mesh tea ball with a chain that can be clipped onto the outside of your mug.
For great tea flavor, fill the infuser just half full to allow the leaves to expand. Remove promptly when the tea has steeped to the desired strength.
We offer wholesale, bulk orders, special sizes, and custom orders.


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Masters in Communication Jobs
The online Master of Arts in Communication provides a greater understanding of how effective communication enhances strategies, structures, and processes in organizations and society. By learning foundational principles of the field and how to translate them most effectively to traditional and digital media, you will develop the skills to craft and disseminate resonant messages even as technology and the ways people use it continue to change and evolve.
What Can You Do with an Online Master's in Communication?
Outcomes are not limited to the communication field. All kinds of organizations, industries and professions rely on meaningful, engaging, and clear communication, whether it is internal or external, meant to attract customers, or used to inspire employees. The progressive communication curriculum will empower you to successfully deploy communication tools and platforms to achieve your professional, organizational, and personal goals. After you graduate, use your acquired communication skills to conduct meetings, organize public affairs, develop corporate messaging, and promote online media.
Students in the online communication degree program at Queens University of Charlotte hail from a wide variety of fields and jobs, including:
- Marketing
- Public relations
- Corporate communication
- Leadership development
- Organization development
- Training and professional development
- Human resources
- Community affairs
- Journalism
- Entrepreneurship
- Education
- Consulting
- Media production
- Social and digital media campaign coordination
Below is a list of just a few of the careers a master's in communication online can help enhance:
|Average Salary
|Job Growth Through 20241
|Public Relations Specialist
|Community Services Manager
|Technical Writer
|Fundraising Manager
|Human Resources Manager
|Marketing Manager
Communication students often report that they are able to apply their new skills and immediately add value at work. As a recognized university, the online master's in communication degree program at Queens is more than equipped to provide you with the training resources you need. Watch the online Master of Arts in Communication video to hear from our faculty and students about the real-world applicability of the program.
Whether you are seeking to draw in more customers, manage your company's brand and image, want to speak out about finding solutions for your community, or seek to enhance your understanding of digital tools and integrated strategies, this online communication degree will help you create and follow through with an effective strategy.
For more information about jobs in communications and the online Master of Arts in Communication at Queens University of Charlotte, request more information or call us at 866-313-2356 to speak with an admissions representative.
11Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook, accessed May 26, 2017.


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QISD Ford High School and Thompson Middle School art students are invited each year to submit artwork to be placed on the cover of the District Christmas Card. The Christmas card will be sent to friends of QISD and surrounding school districts with the original artwork displayed on the cover. FHS Art teacher Thelma Scribner and TMS Art teacher Ashley Gandy set guidelines which included this year's theme "A Country Christmas" and a greeting. The students choose their medium limited to map pencils, prisma colors, watercolors and markers.
The finalists are sent to QISD Administration, where the winner is chosen by a panel of judges. The cards are later returned to the students so that they may send their card to a favorite teacher, coach or staff member on their campus. "This encourages students to think about those people who have helped or guided them in a positive way," said Ms. Scribner. "Last year we received many positive responses from teachers and staff regarding the notes they received."
"I would like to congratulate Presley Kirkland, 10th grade Ford High School Art II student, for being selected as the winner of the District Christmas card contest," said Superintendent Debra Crosby. "I would like to also thank the many art students who submitted their artwork for the contest. It is very difficult to select just one design when we receive so many wonderful entries. Congratulations, Presley!"


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Talented flute player and gospel contemporary performer 'Ebele the Flutist' releases new photographs as she marks her birthday. More photographs after the cut…Read More »
Pics from Gov. Amaechi's 50th birthday celebration
Governor of Rivers state, Rotimi Amaechi turned 50 today and a number of his friends threw him a party. Kaduna state Govenor elect, Nasir El Rufai, Hon Abike Dabiri, Senator Magnus Abe and others were a number of the special ...Read More »
Images from BBA rep Lilian Afegbai's birthday at the orphanage
Lilian Afegbai, Nigeria's representative in the BBA Hotshot show praised her birthday with kids at the Modupe Cole Memorial Child Care in Akoka, Lagos on Tuesday November eleventh. Beverly Osu, Melvin Oduah, Adunni and different companions went with her. See some pics ...Read More »
Photos from Ex-beauty queen and TV presenter Osas Ighodaro's Birthday Party
Former beauty queen and TV presenter Osas Ighodaro clocked 26 recently and threw herself a birthday at Fuse Lounge yesterday evening to mark the special day. In attendance were Dolapo Oni, Ono Bello, Kemi Adetiba and others. See some instagram ...Read More »
Actress Nse Ikpe Etim gets sweet birthday message from her man
Today is actress Nse Ikpe Etim's birthday and her hubby, Clifford, wrote her a warm birthday mesage out that was placed online. He wrote;Read More »


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- Bank – Finanzen
- Immobilientransaktionen und - Management
- Restrukturierung und Insolvenz
- Finanzinstitute
Alexae Fournier-de Faÿ is a partner in financing and restructuring.
A lawyer since 2007 and a partner since 2017, Alexae works in real estate finance and investment (asset or share deal), as well as financing for acquisition (senior and subordinate debt) and syndicated financing. She also advises credit institutions, financial sponsors and borrowers. She has participated in numerous cross border transactions.
Alexae has also developed specific expertise in debt restructuring (in particular mandat ad hoc and conciliation) and insolvency proceedings, providing advice to both creditors and debtors.
She holds a DEA in General Private Law (Paris II – 2006) and a Master's degree in Economic Law (Sciences Po – 2006). Alexae worked for eight years in top international firms in Paris and London. She regularly publishes legal articles in Opérations Immobilières.
- Chambers Europe 2020: individually ranked (up and coming) in the category Real Estate: Finance
- Chambers Europe 2020: recognized in the category Real Estate (Band 3)
- Trophées du droit 2020: Gold Trophy in Renewable Energies Law
- Legal 500 EMEA 2019: recognized in the category Real Estate (Tier 2)
- Legal 500 Paris 2019: recognized in the categories:
– Real Estate (Tier 2)
– Bank and Finance (Tier 4)
- Option Droit & Affaires 2019: recognized in the category Difficulty prevention and debt renegotiation
- Décideurs 2019: recognized in the category Restructuring: Advising mid-cap companies and their shareholders (Excellent 2); Banking & Finance (Highly recommended), Real estate transactions – financing (Excellent) and Project Finance – advising banks & sponsors (Highly recommended)
- Décideurs 2018: recognized in the categories:
– Real estate transactions – financing (Excellent)
– Banking & finance


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Gameenk stuff
matt | September 27, 2008
My copy of D20 Call of Cthulhu came in. Rawk. Of course, since I tend to read multiple things at a time (and gaming books are no different), my nightstand (I usually read in bed) has Monte Cook's World of Darkness, D20 Call of Cthulhu (written by Monte Cook and John Tynes), octaNe, and a variety of Wushu stuff.
- I painted minis tonight. Socks stepped on my palette and I grabbed her so that she wouldn't get it all over. However, while trying to wipe it off, she decided to paint my shirt. So, I've got streaky paw prints across the front of my shirt. (It's okay, it had a bleached out spot on it anyway).


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Volunteers Extraordinaire – Rick and Dorothy Beauchamp
When Ralph Griffiths put out his call to recognise people who have made a difference on Galiano Rick and Dorothy Beauchamp immediately came to mind.
Rick and Dorothy first came to Galiano in 1982. They felt it was a good fit for them in that the community reminded them of Nelson. They camped at Montague and were able to do this in the spring and fall while they had only a toddler. Once their second child was born and their first child was school-aged, they decided to try to find a piece of land on which to put a trailer so that they could come to the island at other times. They managed to scrape enough money together to buy the McRae's land with a cabin in Montague Harbour. They were able to manage this because the McRae's carried part of their mortgage. A few years ago they renovated the old cabin into a beautiful home and garden.
Rick and Dorothy grew up in Nelson, B.C., another small community where volunteering plays a key role in the community life. They met in high school and married during university. Dorothy became an elementary teacher and Rick an orthopaedic paediatric surgeon.
As youth both were involved in guides and scouts. Dorothy volunteered in a care facility and later, as an adult, was a guide leader for over 25 years. Rick volunteered as a Classifier with the International Cerebral Palsy Sports Association for Bocce tournaments. He travelled to England, Rio de Janeiro and Argentina in this role. Rick and Dorothy have been role models for their 3 children who now also volunteer in their communities.
Rick and Dorothy were part of the running community in Vancouver for 20 years running races from 5k to marathons (Dorothy ran 8, Rick ran 7). They opened their home every year to their multi-age running group for a soup party, building community in the city.
If it is a Monday Soup and Bread likely you'll find Dorothy in the South Hall kitchen chopping and Rick doing a lot of dishes with surgical precision in the "dish pit". When asked what motivates them to volunteer both say that they wanted to help out in the community if they could and that they love the community aspect of the Galiano Club. They enjoy (and contribute to) the camaraderie in the Hall kitchen and enjoy touching base with others. Rick likes volunteering in positive situations that don't involve meetings. He likes dishwashing, chopping vegetables and grating cheese. Dorothy likes doing anything in the Hall kitchen. They like the social and connecting aspects of the Food Program and especially appreciate the leadership that Alison Colwell provides the Program.
Rick and Dorothy have been involved in other aspects of the Food Program and community including Nettlefest and the Community Picnic where Dorothy has won first prize in many food contests. Rick has served on the Health Care Centre Board, helped paint the South Fire Hall years ago and Dorothy worked for the Wine Festival.
Rick and Dorothy have talked about how rewarding they find volunteering in this community. I would say that the Galiano community benefits enormously from their contributions. Thank you, Rick and Dorothy!


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As I bustled past street vendors selling coconut candy bars and the sleek, shiny-haired, hotties that fill Rio streets, I realized that I missed something. I couldn't put my finger on what exactly. When I neared the the orgy of beauty called Copacabana Beach, observing the languid motions of skimpily-clad cariocas strolling in the sand, it hit me. There was supposed to be a samba soundtrack to all of these scenes! How can you have a true Brazilian experience without samba as the backdrop? I needed to hear some live Brazilian rhythms!
It happened to be a Sunday when I made my proclamation and my guide Da'vid didn't look too confident about it. It seems that most musicians take Sundays off in Rio. There I was, in the party capitol of the universe and it stops on Sunday? It didn't make much sense to me so we headed to the famous bohemian district of Lapa. Overflowing with street hustlers and artists of all stripes, Lapa does not close down. Built in the 18th century and marked by two towering arches, Lapa is part of old Rio. Punctuated by crumbling, deserted mansions and dimly lit, dodgy looking streets, Lapa feels like something out of the Brazilian drug war movie, "City Of God," which it probably is. It is the only place that I visited in Brazil that prompted me to remember the high crime rate.
I got over it, though. Lapa looks iffy but I never witnessed anything other than beaming friendliness while I was there. We found a tiny, closet-sized bar called Acaso Bar, which literally translates to random bar. Bursting with laughing, dancing people, all the patrons sing and play instruments along with the musicians. Red, gold and orange walls frame scuffed cherry wood tables filled with Skol beer bottles. Dav`id and I order bacalau or salt fish balls and the zesty, local Skol beer, while we absorb the festivities.
Three or four men gather in a circle and play samba classics with guitars and percussion. I can't tell exactly who was in the band and who's not because every single person in the bar shakes a tambourine, bangs on a pot or jingles bells. The crowd belts along with tunes that were created to encourage hip and derriere shimmying. Four women dance enthusiastically. Because they are Brazilian, they are gorgeous; with long, lustrous hair and sinewy bodies. I can't tell if they are in the band either.
After two sweaty sets, a band member comes over and introduces the group. It's called Coisas Nossas or literally translated, aromatic string. He hands me a wisp of sweetly perfumed string with a tiny safety pin to remember them. In street carnivals, the line of people dancing samba is called a string. Curly-haired and charming, he is the grandson of one of Brazil's most significant Samba composers, Cartola. As we are surrounded by everyday Brazilians singing and dancing, I'm sure it's just the way Cartola would have wanted samba to be experienced.


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From Hunters and Jumpers... to Dressage and Polo
Equestrian Marketing, Public Relations and Event Management
Phelps Media Group is a public relations and marketing firm dedicated to the promotion and success of the equestrian industry.
Click on the above photos for details and a high resolution version.Photographs may be used free of charge only in relation to the PMG press releases they pertain to.
127th National Horse Show to Host $50,000 Hunter Classic in Memory of Charlie WeaverWritten by: Lauren FisherClient: National Horse Show http://www.nhs.orgRelease Date: 2010-10-25
Cazenovia, NY October 25, 2010- The National Horse Show Association of America is pleased to announce an exciting addition to the schedule of events at this years Syracuse Invitational Sporthorse Tournament featuring the 127th National Horse Show. Held November 2-7, 2010, at the Oncenter Complex in Syracuse, NY, the 2010 National Horse Show (NHS) will host a $50,000 Hunter Classic on Thursday November 4th. The class will be presented in honor of legendary horseman Charlie Weaver, who sadly passed away this summer after a tragic riding accident.
Charlie Weaver was a living legend. Most legendary horsemen did not become legends simply because they had talent; but because of their way of going their character. Charlie, from Fairfax, Virginia, was born with a natural ability and passion for horses. From the very beginning, people knew there was something special about this skinny, curly headed young man. Charlie will be forever linked to some of the most memorable champions of his time: War Dress, Army Wife, Super Flash, Ruxton, Early Light, Stocking Stuffer, and Weather Permitting. Charlie and his mounts were champion and/or reserve champion at every major horse show in the country.
After his horrific riding accident on February 12, with the same determination that led him to start a training career at the age of 11, Charlie resolved to get back in the saddle. Literally thousands of people Charlies Angels friends, acquaintances and fans alike, buoyed his spirits with news and updates from the show ring. The love and prayers and notes and kindness and homemade cards and posters sent to Charlie from the horse community were simply astounding to him. But in the end, the struggle proved insurmountable; too confining for a man more at home in the saddle. The hope of recovery from his injury seemed so far away; it was a distance so long, that even Charlie could not see it. On June 7, gracefully as always, Charlie tipped his cap and exited the ring.
After Charlie Weavers tragic passing the National Horse Show decided to honor his life and his great contributions to the equestrian community with a special class. Leo Conroy, 2010 National Horse Show Co-Manager and member of the NHS Board of Directors, wants to reinvigorate the hunter entries at the National Horse Show and sees this class as a great opportunity for the exhibitors. A $50,000 class is generally a big deal and there are not many of those around for the hunters, Conroy stated. We thought that would be a really exciting addition to the horse show, and then with Charlies untimely and sad passing, we thought it would be fitting to name a premiere hunter event at the National Horse Show in his honor. Charlie was so successful at the National Horse Show for many years.
The Hunter Classic will be held in a two round format, with the top twelve returning for a second round handy course. All horses competing in the Amateur-Owner, Junior and Open Hunters are eligible to compete and must declare entries by the end of the competition day on Wednesday, November 3rd. There will be no entry fee, and only two horses allowed per rider.
The 2010 Syracuse Invitational Sporthorse Tournament featuring the 127th National Horse Show will be held November 2-7, 2010, at the Oncenter Complex in Syracuse, NY. For more information on the National Horse Show Association of America, please visit www.nhs.org.
For details on the Syracuse Invitational Sporthorse Tournament, please visit www.syracuseinvitational.com.
Photo Credit: Charlie Weaver. Photo by James Leslie Parker. Photo may be used free of charge only in relation to this press release.
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Type: Plants
Tropical Asea
Ixora is a genus of flowering plants in the Rubiaceae family.It ξis one of the most colourful flowering and hedge plants available. Most will grow in sun or shade and have flowers in massed heads throughout the year.
The plants possess leathery leaves, ranging from 3 to 6ξinches in length, and produce large clusters of tiny orangeξflowers in the summer.
Plant Ixoraξin moist, organic enriched and well-drained acidic soil, and where there is abundant sunlight and humidity for optimum growth and flowering. Remove flowers when withered and dried leaves if any.
Prune annually to keep bush in shape or to encourage flowering, instead of repeatedly shearing off branch tips which will inhibit emerging flower buds.
Feed monthly with a water-soluble fertilizer formulated for acid-loving plants.
It is susceptible to yellowing of leaves (chlorosis) when grown in alkaline soil.
Excellent for hedges, screens or massed in garden beds and borders
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Looking for the first step in working with scuba as a career? Your adventure into the professional levels of recreational scuba diving begins with the PADI Divemaster program.
Whether this is your first ever experience breathing under water or whether looking for a change and you are tired of the usual office routine? No worries, we got you cover. From recreational to go pro we have a wide variety of PADI 5star training courses.
Looking for the first step in working with scuba as a career? Your adventure into the professional levels of recreational scuba diving begins with the PADI Divemaster program.
When one tank is not enough.
The PADI Bubblemaker program is a good way for children to experience scuba diving in the pool in less than six feet of water.
The PADI Seal Team is for young divers who are looking for action-packed fun in a pool by doing exciting scuba Aqua Missions.
If you are not a SCUBA diver you can experience diving through a Discover Scuba Diving session which is taught by an experienced dive professional.
Approach fish closer than anyone usually can and dive freely in the sea. For thousands of years, man has sought the ability to explore the underwater world.
Are you looking for something extraordinary, something others can only dream of? Helping people transform their lives, opening doors you didn't know existed? All of this and more awaits you as a PADI Open Water SCUBA Instructor.
The IDC Preparation "Prep" course is a 2 day study period in which you will review important aspects of dive theory and review your skill demonstration.
Be One of the FEW!
The PADI Rescue Diver Course teaches you to look beyond yourself and start to be aware of the safety and well-being of other divers. You will increase your confidence in diving as you face and learn to deal with new challenges and situations. Many divers cite this as the best course they have ever taken.
You did the basics, congratulations! Keep going! Divers never stop learning!
Donec enim felis, ornare sit amet dignissim a, finibus iaculis risus. Morbi luctus, odio eget mollis semper
You will apply the skills you developed while exploring the underwater beauty of the Aegean Sea!


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Arsenal Arsenal Gunners Insignia Galaxy S9 Clear Slim Case
The Arsenal Clear Galaxy S9 Case adds a layer of crystal clear protection with minimal added bulk. Richly textured printing and the vibrant, full-color "Insignia" design bring your Arsenal pride to life. Wherever you need to go, this case will share your Arsenal love.


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No more waiting for the DfE
data releases
Coming soon: the option to link your school performance and pupil data
directly to The Headteacher's Report.
Linking directly with your MIS data will not only mean your reports can be generated at a click of a button, saving even more time, but that they are also as up to date as possible.
We are working on the link now and you can register your interest on our website. MIS platforms that we will link in with include SIMs, RM Integris and ScholarPack
Register your interest for the MIS link
New for this term.
Autumn term is always busy and this year has not been any different with over 8 DfE updates already. The data team has also added the gender split for the first time to our outcomes section.
Get 10% off all reports
Place an order for any report this term and receive a 10% discount by using the code AUT10 (Valid until 31 December 2018)
Upcoming data releases
We update all our reports in line with the DfE statistical releases calendar.
Fancy a free report?
Invite us along to your Headteacher's meeting for 15 minutes and as a thank you, we will provide you with a copy of any one of our templates free for a year.
Plus if anyone in your cluster places an order they will receive 15% off their first order.
Let us know about your next meeting


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Tom na Gruagaich scored this whisky 90 points
Leathery sherry, the brittle variant: leather, wood, coffee, the fruit can only be guessed at the beginning. Later, add a touch of toffee and a little effervescent powder.
In the mouth then the full portion of menthol, wood, a subtle acid, you can also say fermented fruits.
strong, woody, menthol, slightly bitter, astringent, coffee and a little toffee.


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I apologize if things are a little messy around here. If you're reading my feed, it seems entries are duplicating. Also, the cookies that hold your name for leaving comments are probably reset.
I tried to simplify the structure of some files on the web server over the weekend and change the URL to kegz.net from kegz.net/blog/eggz. I hope everything will iron itself out soon. If you're having issues with duplicate entries in the feeds going forward or anything else that looks weird, let me know.
Other than that, busy day.
Ok. I think the cookies to remember your name for comments should be working again.
This is totally unrelated, but I just want to say that I LOVE Return of the Rentals. I have yet to meet someone else who knows this album! Hooray for Jason.


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Fair Meter project was presented in the RETRACE Good Practices Guide: Systemic Approaches for a Circular Economy. The publication aims to clarify the influence of Good Practices of Circular Economy on the path towards a sustainable development. It also clarifies how policy gaps can be addressed through the implementation of such examples. Detailed description on page 65.
The video provides an overview of the state of the art of Circular Economy in Slovenia, combining contributions from policy makers and academics to explain the opportunities offered by the implementation of a Systemic Design Approach in the region and introducing the Good Practices of Circular Economy identified in the territory.


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Posted in CPH Tags: asphalting, B&W, construction, machines, night, photohgraphy, work
Posted in CPH Tags: architecture, Art, B&W, copenhagen, immersion, Litle Mermaid, meditating, metal, Nordre Tolbod, photography, Robot, robotics, sculpture, thinking, Zinkglobal
Posted in CPH Tags: B&W, black and white, bridge, copenhagen, fog, fotography, nature, Sluice, Sluseholmen
Posted in CPH, Plants Tags: autumn, black and white, copenhagen, nature, photography
Posted in CPH Tags: copenhagen, Hallen, K.B., K.B. Hallen, København, photography, venue, wide angle
Posted in CPH Tags: bridge, buildings, copenhagen, harbor, houses, lights, night, sea, Sluseholmen, teglværksbroen, water
Posted in CPH Tags: Art, bridge, lights, night, night shot, photography, Sluseholmen
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Money…I was thinking about money on the way into work this morning. More specifically I was thinking how little I stress about money. Brad told me his mother's hot water heater went out and I felt bad for her. I know money is tight. Now before we go all weepy and "poor Collette" you should know she lives in a home that was gifted to her. She lives a life style she cannot afford because she wants to keep up appearances of a well to do woman. Anyway…I was feeling a little sympathy for the stress I am sure she feels. That made me reflected on my own situation. I don't stress about money. Which is nice
Patrick and Rae (my brother and sister-in-law)…we haven't spoken in almost 5 months now. Is this another casualty of my relationship with Michelle? It doesn't feel that way.
Side bar here…it's interesting to think about this. Michelle actively undermined my friendships. I have always framed it that I defended her when they treated her poorly (and she never did when her friends did the same). If I look back on how things happened…once she felt slighted, Michelle made situations really uncomfortable even outright demanded I no longer be friends with people. Was she trying to alienate and isolate me from people? That's what abusers do. They slowly isolate people from their support network so they are eventually all alone. I'll have to think about that more.
The state of my relationship with Patrick and Rae has nothing to do with Michelle further than their treatment of her being some sort of tipping point. I am not sure Rae is the type of person I want to be close with. She is a net negative person to be around. I can feel stress just thinking about it. Rae isn't a nice person. She is cruel. I keep going back to how she treated my nephew (with his girlfriend). They didn't approve and went out of their way to be cruel to both Preston and his girlfriend. It's awful and disgusting how she and Patrick bullied poor Preston. What he learned about relationships isn't, these aren't the types of girls that will ultimately make me happy. He learned, I have to do what Mom and Dad say or they will belittle, insult, attack, and bully me. They are awful!!


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Poor musculoskeletal state is commonly observed in numerous clinical populations such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure patients. It, however, remains unresolved whether systemic hypoxemia, typically associated with such clinical conditions, directly contributes to muscle deterioration. We aimed to experimentally elucidate the effects of systemic environmental hypoxia upon inactivity-related muscle wasting. For this purpose, fourteen healthy, male participants underwent three 21-day long interventions in a randomized, cross-over designed manner: (i) bed rest in normoxia (NBR; PiO2 = 133.1 ± 0.3 mmHg), (ii) bed rest in normobaric hypoxia (HBR; PiO2 = 90.0 ± 0.4 mmHg) and ambulatory confinement in normobaric hypoxia (HAmb; PiO2 = 90.0 ± 0.4 mmHg). Peripheral quantitative computed tomography and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were performed before and after the interventions to obtain thigh and calf muscle cross-sectional areas and muscle fiber phenotype changes, respectively. A significant reduction of thigh muscle size following NBR (-6.9%, SE 0.8%; P < 0.001) was further aggravated following HBR (-9.7%, SE 1.2%; P = 0.027). Bed rest-induced muscle wasting in the calf was, by contrast, not exacerbated by hypoxic conditions (P = 0.47). Reductions in both thigh (-2.7%, SE 1.1%, P = 0.017) and calf (-3.3%, SE 0.7%, P < 0.001) muscle size were noted following HAmb. A significant and comparable increase in type 2× fiber percentage of the vastus lateralis muscle was noted following both bed rest interventions (NBR = +3.1%, SE 2.6%, HBR = +3.9%, SE 2.7%, P < 0.05). Collectively, these data indicate that hypoxia can exacerbate inactivity-related muscle wasting in healthy active participants and moreover suggest that the combination of both, hypoxemia and lack of activity, as seen in COPD patients, might be particularly harmful for muscle tissue.
PURPOSE: Serum erythropoietin (EPO) concentration is increased following static apnoea-induced hypoxia. However, the acute erythropoietic responses to a series of dynamic apnoeas in non-divers (ND) or elite breath-hold divers (EBHD) are unknown.
METHODS: Participants were stratified into EBHD (n = 8), ND (n = 10) and control (n = 8) groups. On two separate occasions, EBHD and ND performed a series of five maximal dynamic apnoeas (DYN) or two sets of five maximal static apnoeas (STA). Control performed a static eupnoeic (STE) protocol to control against any effects of water immersion and diurnal variation on EPO. Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels were monitored up to 30 s post each maximal effort. Blood samples were collected at 30, 90, and 180 min after each protocol for EPO, haemoglobin and haematocrit concentrations.
RESULTS: No between group differences were observed at baseline (p > 0.05). For EBHD and ND, mean end-apnoea SpO2 was lower in DYN (EBHD, 62 ± 10%, p = 0.024; ND, 85 ± 6%; p = 0.020) than STA (EBHD, 76 ± 7%; ND, 96 ± 1%) and control (98 ± 1%) protocols. EBHD attained lower end-apnoeic SpO2 during DYN and STA than ND (p < 0.001). Serum EPO increased from baseline following the DYN protocol in EBHD only (EBHD, p < 0.001; ND, p = 0.622). EBHD EPO increased from baseline (6.85 ± 0.9mlU/mL) by 60% at 30 min (10.82 ± 2.5mlU/mL, p = 0.017) and 63% at 180 min (10.87 ± 2.1mlU/mL, p = 0.024). Serum EPO did not change after the STA (EBHD, p = 0.534; ND, p = 0.850) and STE (p = 0.056) protocols. There was a significant negative correlation (r = - 0.49, p = 0.003) between end-apnoeic SpO2 and peak post-apnoeic serum EPO concentrations.
CONCLUSIONS: The novel findings demonstrate that circulating EPO is only increased after DYN in EBHD. This may relate to the greater hypoxemia achieved by EBHD during the DYN.
PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to provide an evaluation of the oxygen transport, exchange and storage capacity of elite breath-hold divers (EBHD) compared with non-divers (ND).
METHODS: Twenty-one healthy males' (11 EBHD; 10 ND) resting splenic volumes were assessed by ultrasound and venous blood drawn for full blood count analysis. Percutaneous skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the m. vastus lateralis to measure capillarisation, and fibre type-specific localisation and distribution of myoglobin and mitochondrial content using quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy.
RESULTS: Splenic volume was not different between groups. Reticulocytes, red blood cells and haemoglobin concentrations were higher (+ 24%, p < 0.05; + 9%, p < 0.05; + 3%, p < 0.05; respectively) and mean cell volume was lower (- 6.5%, p < 0.05) in the EBHD compared with ND. Haematocrit was not different between groups. Capillary density was greater (+ 19%; p < 0.05) in the EBHD. The diffusion distance (R95) was lower in type I versus type II fibres for both groups (EBHD, p < 0.01; ND, p < 0.001), with a lower R95 for type I fibres in the EBHD versus ND (- 13%, p < 0.05). Myoglobin content was higher in type I than type II fibres in EBHD (+ 27%; p < 0.01) and higher in the type I fibres of EBHD than ND (+ 27%; p < 0.05). No fibre type differences in myoglobin content were observed in ND. Mitochondrial content was higher in type I than type II fibres in EBHD (+ 35%; p < 0.05), with no fibre type differences in ND or between groups.
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, EBDH demonstrate enhanced oxygen storage in both blood and skeletal muscle and a more efficient oxygen exchange capacity between blood and skeletal muscle versus ND.
Human extravehicular activity (EVA) is essential to space exploration and involves risk of decompression sickness (DCS). On Earth, the effect of microgravity on physiological systems is simulated in an experimental model where subjects are confined to a 6 degrees head-down bed rest (HDBR). This model was used to investigate various resting and exercise regimen on the formation of venous gas emboli (VGE), an indicator of decompression stress, post-hyperbaric exposure. Eight healthy male subjects participating in a bed rest regimen also took part in this study, which incorporated five different hyperbaric exposure (HE) interventions made before, during and after the HDBR. Interventions i-iv were all made with the subjects lying in 6 degrees HD position. They included (C1) resting control, (C2) knee-bend exercise immediately prior to HE, (T1) HE during the fifth week of the 35-day HDBR period, (C3) supine cycling exercise during the HE. In intervention (C4), subjects remained upright and ambulatory. The HE protocol followed the Royal Navy Table 11 with 100 min spent at 18 m (280 kPa), with decompression stops at 6 m for 5 min, and at 3 m for 15 min. Post-HE, regular precordial Doppler audio measurements were made to evaluate any VGE produced post-dive. VGE were graded according to the Kisman Masurel scale. The number of bubbles produced was low in comparison to previous studies using this profile [Kisman integrated severity score (KISS) ranging from 0-1], and may be because subjects were young, and lay supine during both the HE and the 2 h measurement period post-HE for interventions i-iv. However, the HE during the end of HDBR produced significantly higher maximum bubble grades and KISS score than the supine control conditions (p < 0.01). In contrast to the protective effect of pre-dive exercise on bubble production, a prolonged period of bed rest prior to a HE appears to promote the formation of post-decompression VGE. This is in contrast to the absence of DCS observed during EVA. Whether this is due to a difference between hypo- and hyperbaric decompression stress, or that the HDBR model is a not a good model for decompression sensitivity during microgravity conditions will have to be elucidated in future studies.
BACKGROUND: +Gz tolerance is traditionally determined in centrifuges with open-loop G control, i.e., the centrifuge is under operator control (open loop), and thus the test subject is unable to influence the Gz load. In modern centrifuges, however, the subject is commonly able to continuously control the Gz load (closed loop). It is a widespread opinion among fighter pilots that +Gz tolerance is higher under closed- than open-loop G control. The aims were to investigate whether +Gz tolerance is higher in closed- than open-loop G control, and whether it is possible to use closed-loop G control during precise determination of +Gz tolerance.
METHODS: Relaxed +Gz tolerance was determined in eight men during rapid Gz-onset rate (ROR) under three conditions: 1) OL-VFB, open loop with visual feedback; 2) OL-NFB, open loop with no visual feedback; and 3) CL, closed loop. Straining +Gz tolerance was determined in 10 men during ROR in OL and CL conditions.
RESULTS: Relaxed +Gz tolerance did not differ between CL (3.66 Gz), OL-VFB (3.70 Gz) and OL-NFB (3.64 Gz). Straining +Gz tolerance was similar in the CL (8.5 Gz) and OL (8.6 Gz) conditions. In the CL condition, the Gz load varied substantially and was on average lower than in the OL conditions, at any stipulated G-time profile.
DISCUSSION: There is no systematic difference in relaxed or straining +Gz tolerance as determined in closed- vs. open-loop G-controlled systems. During closed-loop control, precision and reproducibility are too low to recommend it for accurate determination of relaxed G tolerance.Grönkvist M, Levin B, Eiken O. G tolerance during open- vs. closed-loop G-time control. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(9):798-804.
The study compared the centre of pressure measurements (COP) and vertical ground reaction forces (vGRF) from a pressure insole system to that from force plates (FP) during two flywheel quadriceps resistance exercises: leg press and squat. The comparison was performed using a motion capture system and simultaneous measurements of COP and vGRF from FP and insoles. At lower insole-vGRF (<250 N/insole) COP accuracy deteriorated and those data were excluded from further analysis. The insoles systematically displaced the COP slightly posteriorly and medially compared to the FP measurements. Pearson's coefficient of correlation (r) between insole- and FP-COP showed good agreement in both the anteroposterior (squat: r = 0.96, leg press: r = 0.97) and mediolateral direction (squat: r = 0.84, leg press: r = 0.90), whereas the root-mean-square errors (RMSE) were lower in the mediolateral (squat: 3.9 mm, leg press: 4.5 mm) than the anteroposterior (squat and leg press: 11.8 mm) direction. Vertical GRF was slightly overestimated by the insoles in leg press and RMSE were greater in leg press (8% of peak force) than in squat (6%). Overall, results were within the range of previous studies performed on gait. The strong agreement between insole and FP measurements indicates that insoles may replace FPs in field applications and biomechanical computations during resistance exercise, provided that the applied force is sufficient.
The study examined the effects of short-term field-based military training with partial sleep deprivation on whole-body endurance performance in well-trained individuals. Before and after a 2-day sustained operations (SUSOPS), 14 cadets performed a 15-min constant-load cycling at 65% of peak power output (PPO; CLT65), followed by an exhaustive constant-load trial at 85% of PPO (CLT85). Physiological [oxygen uptake (O-2), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), and regional oxygenation (TOI) in the frontal cerebral cortex and vastus lateralis muscle] and psychological [effort perception (RPE), affective valence (FS), and perceived activation (FAS)] variables were monitored during exercise. SUSOPS reduced time to exhaustion in CLT85 by 29.1% (p = 0.01). During the CLT65 trial, SUSOPS potentiated the exercise-induced elevations in O-2 and HR (p < 0.05), and blunted MAP (p = 0.001). CO did not differ between trials. Yet, towards the end of both CLT85 trials, CO tended to decline (p 0.08); a response that occurred at an earlier stage in the SUSOPS trial. During CLT65, SUSOPS altered neither cerebral nor muscle TOI. The SUSOPS CLT85 trial, however, was terminated at similar leg-muscle deoxygenation (p > 0.05) and lower prefrontal cortex deoxygenation (p < 0.01). SUSOPS increased RPE at submaximal intensities (p = 0.05), and suppressed FAS and FS throughout (p < 0.01). The present findings indicate, therefore, that a brief period of military sustained operations with partial sleep deprivation augment cardiorespiratory and psychological strain, limiting high-intensity endurance capacity.
We examined the interactive effects of mild hypothermia and hypoxia on finger vasoreactivity to local cold stress. Eight male lowlanders performed, in a counterbalanced order, a normoxic and a hypoxic (partial pressure of oxygen: similar to 12 kPa) hand cold provocation (consisting of a 30-min immersion in 8 degrees C water), while immersed to the chest either in 21 degrees C [cold trials; 0.5 degrees C fall in rectal temperature (T-rec) from individual preimmersion values], or in 35.5 degrees C water, or while exposed to 27 degrees C air. The duration of the trials was kept constant in each breathing condition. Physiological (T-rec, skin temperature, cutaneous vascular conductance, oxygen uptake) and perceptual (thermal sensation and comfort, local pain, affective valence) reactions were monitored continually. Hypoxia accelerated the drop in T-rec by similar to 14 min (P = 0.06, d = 0.67). In the air-exposure trials, hypoxia did not alter finger perfusion during the local cooling. whereas it impaired the finger rewarming response following the cooling (P < 0.01). During the 35.5 degrees C immersion, the finger vasomotor tone was enhanced, especially in hypoxia (P = 0.01). Mild hypothermia aggravated finger vasoconstriction instigated by local cooling (P < 0.01), but the response did not differ between the two breathing conditions (P > 0.05). Hypoxia tended to attenuate the sensation of coldness (P = 0.10, r = 0.40) and thermal discomfort (P = 0.09, r = 0.46) in the immersed hand. Both in normoxia and hypoxia, the whole body thermal state dictates the cutaneous vasomotor reactivity to localized cold stimulus.
Cold and hypoxia constitute the main environmental stressors encountered on the Antarctic Plateau. Hence, we examined whether central and/or peripheral acclimatisation to the combined stressors of cold and hypoxia would be developed in four men following an 11-day man-hauling expedition on this polar region. Before and after the journey, participants performed a static whole-body immersion in 21 degrees C water, during which they were breathing a hypoxic gas (partial pressure of inspired 02: 97 mmHg). To evaluate their local responses to cold, participants also immersed the hand into 8 degrees C water for 30 min, while they were whole-body immersed and mildly hypothermic [i.e. 0.5 degrees C fall in rectal temperature (T-rec) from individual pre-immersion values]. T-rec, and aldn temperature (T-ak), skin blood flux, and oxygen uptake (reflecting shivering thermogenesis) were monitored throughout. The polar expedition accelerated by similar to 14 min the drop in Trr, [final mean (95% confidence interval) changes in T-rec: Before = -0.94 (0.15) degrees C, After: 1.17 (0.23) degrees C]. The shivering onset threshold [Before: 19 (22) min, After: 25 (19) min] and gain [Before: 4.19 (3.95) mL min(-1) kg, After: 1.70 (1.21) mi. min(-1) kg(-1)] were suppressed by the expedition. TA did not differ between trials. The development of a greater post expedition hypothermic state did not compromise finger circulation during the hand-cooling phase. Present findings indicate therefore that a hypothermic pattern of cold acclimatisation, as investigated in hypoxia, was developed following a short-term expedition on the South Polar Plateau; an adaptive response that is characterised mainly by suppressed shivering thermogenesis, and partly by blunted cutaneous vasoconstriction.
Background: Echocardiography is usually performed with the subject/patient lying in the left lateral position (LLP), because the acoustic window is better in this than in the supine position (SP). The aim was to investigate cardiac responses to rotational changes of position in the transversal plane, from SP to LLP while horizontal, and from leaning on the back (HUT-LB) to leaning on the left side (HUT-LL) while tilted 60° head-up from the horizontal. Methods: Healthy men (n = 12) underwent 10-min HUT provocations. Cardiac variables were measured using two-dimensional echocardiography, Doppler, tissue Doppler imaging and arterial pressures using a volume-clamp method. Results: In horizontal posture, cardiac volumes were smaller in SP than in LLP: end-diastolic volume (EDV) by 14%, end-systolic volume (ESV) by 13%, stroke volume (SV) by 14%, and cardiac output (CO) by 16% (P<0·03). In addition, the mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) was 11% smaller (P = 0·001) and the left ventricle isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) 27% longer in SP than in LLP. The ejection fraction, heart rate, arterial pressure and pulmonary ventilation were similar in SP and LLP. During HUT, EDV, SV, CO and MAPSE were smaller, and IVRT was longer, in HUT-LB than in HUT-LL, by −19%, −20%, −17%, −18% and +35%, respectively (P<0·04). Conclusions: Cardiac performance is enhanced in LLP versus SP and in HUT-LL versus HUT-LB, which can be attributed to improved venous return, conceivably, wholly or in part, due to increased hydrostatic pressure gradients between the caval veins and the heart in the LLP and HUT-LL positions.
NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? It is well established that muscle and bone atrophy in conditions of inactivity or unloading, but there is little information regarding the effect of a hypoxic environment on the time course of these deconditioning physiological systems. What is the main finding and its importance? The main finding is that a horizontal 10 day bed rest in normoxia results in typical muscle atrophy, which is not aggravated by hypoxia. Changes in bone mineral content or in metabolism were not detected after either normoxic or hypoxic bed rest.
ABSTRACT: Musculoskeletal atrophy constitutes a typical adaptation to inactivity and unloading of weightbearing bones. The reduced-gravity environment in future Moon and Mars habitats is likely to be hypobaric hypoxic, and there is an urgent need to understand the effect of hypoxia on the process of inactivity-induced musculoskeletal atrophy. This was the principal aim of the present study. Eleven males participated in three 10 day interventions: (i) hypoxic ambulatory confinement; (ii) hypoxic bed rest; and (iii) normoxic bed rest. Before and after the interventions, the muscle strength (isometric maximal voluntary contraction), mass (lean mass, by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), cross-sectional area and total bone mineral content (determined with peripheral quantitative computed tomography) of the participants were measured. Blood and urine samples were collected before and on the 1st, 4th and 10th day of the intervention and analysed for biomarkers of bone resorption and formation. There was a significant reduction in thigh and lower leg muscle mass and volume after both normoxic and hypoxic bed rests. Muscle strength loss was proportionately greater than the loss in muscle mass for both thigh and lower leg. There was no indication of bone loss. Furthermore, the biomarkers of resorption and formation were not affected by any of the interventions. There was no significant effect of hypoxia on the musculoskeletal variables. Short-term normoxic (10 day) bed rest resulted in muscular deconditioning, but not in the loss of bone mineral content or changes in bone metabolism. Hypoxia did not modify these results.
The purpose was to evaluate whether a cold-water immersion test could be used to identify individuals susceptible to local cold injuries (LCI). Sixty-five healthy non-injured (N-I) subjects, and fifteen subjects, who were tested either prior to or after a LCI, sequentially immersed one hand and one foot, in 8 degrees C water for 30 min (CWI phase); this was followed by 15 min of spontaneous rewarming (RW phase). The LCI group showed a lower toe temperature during the CWI phase, and a lower maximum RW temperature of the fingers than the N-I group. However, digit temperatures during the CWI and RW phases exhibited low predictive values for LCI, e.g. results implied that to identify 80% of the LCI subjects, 34-78% of the N-I subjects would also be excluded. Thus, the results suggest that, in practice, hand or foot cold-water immersion tests cannot be used to identify individuals at high risk of LCI.
Introduction: Increased concentrations of tau protein are associated with medical conditions involving the central nervous system, such as Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury and hypoxia. Diving, by way of an elevated ambient pressure, can affect the nervous system, however it is not known whether it causes a rise in tau protein levels in serum. A prospective observational pilot study was performed to investigate changes in tau protein concentrations in serum after diving and also determine their relationship, if any, to the amount of inert gas bubbling in the venous blood. Methods: Subjects were 10 navy divers performing one or two dives per day, increasing in depth, over four days. Maximum dive depths ranged from 52-90 metres' sea water (msw). Air or trimix (nitrogen/oxygen/helium) was used as the breathing gas and the oxygen partial pressure did not exceed 160 kPa. Blood samples taken before the first and after the last dives were analyzed. Divers were monitored for the presence of venous gas emboli (VGE) at 10 to 15 minute intervals for up to 120 minutes using precordial Doppler ultrasound. Results: Median tau protein before diving was 0.200 pg.mL(-1)(range 0.100 to 1.10 pg.mL(-1)) and after diving was 0.450 pg.mL(-1) (range 0.100 to 1.20 pg.mL(-1); P = 0.016). Glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light protein concentrations analyzed in the same assay did not change after diving. No correlation was found between serum tau protein concentration and the amount of VGE. Conclusion: Repeated diving to between 52-90 msw is associated with a statistically significant increase in serum tau protein concentration, which could indicate neuronal stress.
Our understanding of skeletal muscle structural and functional alterations during unloading has increased in recent decades, yet the molecular mechanisms underpinning these changes have only started to be unraveled. The purpose of the current investigation was to assess changes in skeletal muscle gene expression after 21 days of bed rest, with a particular focus on predicting upstream regulators of muscle disuse. Additionally, the association between differential microRNA expression and the transcriptome signature of bed rest were investigated. mRNAs from m. vastus lateralis biopsies obtained from 12 men before and after the bed rest were analyzed using a microarray. There were 54 significantly up-regulated probesets after bed rest, whereas 103 probesets were down-regulated (FDR 10%; fold-change cut-off ≥1.5). Amongst the up-regulated genes, transcripts related to denervation-induced alterations in skeletal muscle were identified, e.g. CHRND and perinatal myosin. The most down-regulated transcripts were functionally enriched for mitochondrial genes and genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, followed by a large number of contractile fiber components. Upstream regulator-analysis identified a robust inhibition of the MEF2 family, in particular MEF2C, which was suggested to act upstream of several key down-regulated genes, most notably PGC-1α/PPARs and CRSP3. Only a few microRNAs were identified as playing a role in the overall transcriptome picture induced by sustained bed rest. Our results suggest that the MEF2 family is a key regulator underlying the transcriptional signature of bed rest, and hence ultimately also skeletal muscle alterations induced by systemic unloading in humans.
Skeletal muscle oxidative function was evaluated in 11 healthy males (mean +/- SD age 27 +/- 5years) prior to (baseline data collection, BDC) and following a 21day horizontal bed rest (BR), carried out in normoxia (P-IO2=133 mmHg; N-BR) and hypoxia (P-IO2=90 mmHg; H-BR). H-BR was aimed at simulating reduced gravity habitats. The effects of a 21day hypoxic ambulatory confinement (P-IO2=90 mmHg; H-AMB) were also assessed. Pulmonary O-2 uptake (<(V) over dot>O-2), vastus lateralis fractional O-2 extraction (changes in deoxygenated haemoglobin+myoglobin concentration, Delta[deoxy(Hb+Mb)]; near-infrared spectroscopy) and femoral artery blood flow (ultrasound Doppler) were evaluated during incremental one-leg knee-extension exercise (reduced constraints to cardiovascular O-2 delivery) carried out to voluntary exhaustion in a normoxic environment. Mitochondrial respiration was evaluated ex vivo by high-resolution respirometry in permeabilized vastus lateralis fibres. <(V) over dot>(O2peak) decreased (P<0.05) after N-BR (0.98 +/- 0.13 L min(-1)) and H-BR (0.96 +/- 0.17 L min(-1)) vs. BDC (1.05 +/- 0.14 L min(-1)). In the presence of a decreased (by similar to 6-8%) thigh muscle volume, <(V) over dot>(O2peak) normalized per unit of muscle mass was not affected by both interventions. Delta[deoxy(Hb+Mb)](peak) decreased (P<0.05) after N-BR (65 +/- 13% of limb ischaemia) and H-BR (62 +/- 12%) vs. BDC (73 +/- 13%). H-AMB did not alter <(V) over dot>(O2peak) or Delta[deoxy(Hb+Mb)](peak). An overshoot of Delta[deoxy(Hb+Mb)] was evident during the first minute of unloaded exercise after N-BR and H-BR. Arterial blood flow to the lower limb during both unloaded and peak knee extension was not affected by any intervention. Maximal ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration decreased (P<0.05) after all interventions vs. control. In 21day N-BR, a significant impairment of oxidative metabolism occurred downstream of cardiovascular O-2 delivery, affecting both mitochondrial respiration and presumably the intramuscular matching between O-2 supply and utilization. Superposition of H on BR did not worsen the impairment induced by BR alone.
Introduction: Diving rebreathers use canisters containing soda lime to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from expired gas. Soda lime has a finite ability to absorb CO2. Temperature sticks monitor the exothermic reaction between CO2 and soda lime to predict remaining absorptive capacity. The accuracy of these predictions was investigated in two rebreathers that utilise temperature sticks. Methods: Inspiration and rEvo rebreathers filled with new soda lime were immersed in water at 19 degrees C and operated on mechanical circuits whose ventilation and CO2-addition parameters simulated dives involving either moderate exercise (6 MET) throughout (mod-ex), or 90 minutes of 6 MET exercise followed by 2 MET exercise (low-ex) until breakthrough (inspired PCO2 [PiCO2] = 1 kPa). Simulated dives were conducted at surface pressure (sea-level) (low-ex: Inspiration, n = 5; rEvo, n = 5; mod-ex: Inspiration, n = 7, rEvo, n = 5) and at 3-6 metres' sea water (msw) depth (mod-ex protocol only: Inspiration, n = 8; rEvo, n = 5). Results: Operated at surface pressure, both rebreathers warned appropriately in four o five low-ex tests but failed to do so in the 12 mod-ex tests. At 3-6 msw depth, warnings preceded breakthrough in 11 of 13 mod-ex tests. The rEvo warned conservatively in all five tests (approximately 60 minutes prior). Inspiration warnings immediately preceded breakthrough in six of eight tests, but were marginally late in one test and 13 minutes late in another. Conclusion: When operated at even shallow depth, temperature sticks provided timely warning of significant CO2 breakthrough in the scenarios examined. They are much less accurate during simulated exercise at surface pressure.
What is the central question of this study? Controlled-hyperthermia heat acclimation protocols induce an array of thermoregulatory and cardiovascular adaptations that facilitate exercise in hot conditions. We investigated whether this ergogenic potential can be transferred to thermoneutral normoxic or hypoxic exercising conditions. What is the main finding and its importance? We show that heat acclimation did not affect maximal cardiac output or maximal aerobic power in thermoneutral normoxic/hypoxic conditions. Heat acclimation augmented the sweating response in thermoneutral normoxic conditions. The cross-adaptation theory according to which heat acclimation could facilitate hypoxic exercise capacity is not supported by our data. ABSTRACT: Heat acclimation (HA) mitigates heat-induced decrements in maximal aerobic power (V̇O2peak ) and augments exercise thermoregulatory responses in the heat. Whether this beneficial effect of HA is observed in hypoxic or thermoneutral conditions remains unresolved. We explored the effects of HA on exercise cardiorespiratory and thermoregulatory responses in normoxic, hypoxic, and hot conditions. Twelve males (V̇O2peak 54.7(5.7) mL·kg-1 ·min-1 ) participated in a HA protocol comprising 10 daily 90-min controlled-hyperthermia (target rectal temperature, Tre = 38.5 °C) exercise sessions. Before and after HA, we determined V̇O2peak in thermoneutral normoxic (NOR), thermoneutral hypoxic (13.5% Fi O2 ; HYP) and hot (35 °C, 50% RH; HE) conditions in a randomized and counterbalanced order. Preceding each maximal cycling test, a 30-min steady-state exercise at 40% of the NOR peak power output (Wpeak ) was employed to evaluate thermoregulatory responses. HA induced the expected adaptations in HE: reduced Tre and submaximal heart rate (HR), enhanced sweating response and expanded plasma volume. However, HA did not affect V̇O2peak or maximal cardiac output (COmax ) (P = 0.61). Wpeak was increased post-HA in NOR (P < 0.001) and HE (P < 0.001) by 41 ± 21 and 26 ± 22 W, respectively but not in HYP (P = 0.14). Gross mechanical efficiency was higher (P = 0.004) whereas resting Tre and sweating thresholds were lower (P < 0.01) post-HA across environments. Nevertheless, the gain of the sweating response decreased (P = 0.05) in HYP. In conclusion, our data do not support a beneficial cross-over effect of HA on V̇O2peak in normoxic or hypoxic conditions. This article is protected by copyright.
We examined the effects of acclimatization to normobaric hypoxia on aerobic performance and exercise thermoregulatory responses under normoxic, hypoxic and hot conditions. Twelve males performed tests of maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) in normoxic (NOR), hypoxic (13.5% FiO2; HYP) and hot (35℃, 50% RH; HE) conditions in a randomized manner before and after a 10-day continuous normobaric hypoxic exposure (FiO2 = 13.65(0.35)%, PiO2 = 87(3) mmHg). The acclimatization protocol included daily exercise (60min @ 50% hypoxia-specific peak power output, Wpeak). All maximal tests were preceded by a steady-state exercise (30 min at 40% Wpeak) to assess the sweating response. Hematological data were assessed from venous blood samples obtained before and after acclimatization. V̇O2max increased by 10.7% (P = 0.002) and 7.9% (P = 0.03) from pre- to post-acclimatization in NOR and HE, respectively, whereas no differences were found in HYP (pre: 39.9(3.8) vs post: 39.4(5.1) mL.kg-1.min-1, P = 1.0). However, the increase in V̇O2max did not translate into increased Wpeak in either NOR or HE. Maximal heart rate and ventilation remained unchanged following acclimatization. Νo differences were noted in the sweating gain and thresholds independent of the acclimatization or environmental conditions. Hypoxic acclimatization markedly increased hemoglobin (P < 0.001), hematocrit (P < 0.001) and extracellular HSP72 (P = 0.01). These data suggest that 10 days of normobaric hypoxic acclimatization combined with moderate-intensity exercise training improves V̇O2max in NOR and HE, but does not seem to affect exercise performance or thermoregulatory responses in any of the tested environmental conditions.
Previous research, although limited, suggests that both hypoxia and bed rest influence psychological responses by exaggerating negative psychological responses and attenuating positive emotions. The present study investigated the effect of a 21-day prolonged exposure to normobaric hypoxia and bed rest on affective responses and fatigue. Eleven healthy participants underwent three 21-day interventions using a cross-over design: (1) normobaric hypoxic ambulatory confinement (HAMB), (2) normobaric hypoxic bed rest (HBR) and (3) normoxic bed rest (NBR). Affective and fatigue responses were investigated using the Activation Deactivation Adjective Check List, and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, which were completed before (Pre), during (Day 7, Day 14, and Day 21) and after (Post) the interventions. The most negative psychological profile appeared during the HBR intervention. Specifically, tiredness, tension, general and physical fatigue significantly increased on days 7, 14, and 21, as well as at Post. After the HBR intervention, general and physical fatigue remained higher compared to Pre values. Additionally, a deterioration of psychological responses was also noted following HAMB and NBR. In particular, both hypoxia and BR per se induced subjective fatigue and negative affective responses. BR seems to exert a moderate negative effect on the sensation of fatigue, whereas exercise attenuates the negative effects of hypoxia as noted during the HAMB condition. In conclusion, our data suggest that the addition of hypoxia to bed rest-induced inactivity significantly worsens affective responses and feeling of fatigue.
Hypoxia and confinement have both been shown to influence emotional state. It is envisaged that the inhabitants of future planetary habitats will be exposed to concomitant confinement, reduced gravity and hypoxia. We examined the independent and combined effects of a 21-day inactivity/unloading and normobaric hypoxia under confined conditions on various psychological factors. Eleven healthy men participated in three 21-day experimental campaigns designed in a cross-over manner (1) Normobaric hypoxic ambulatory confinement, (2) Normobaric hypoxic bed rest and (3) Normobaric normoxic bed rest. The Profile of Mood States, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule were employed to assess the participants' psychological responses before (Pre), during (Day 7, Day 14, and Day 21) and after (Post) the confinements. The most negative psychological profile appeared on days 14 and 21 of the hypoxic bed rest campaign. A significant increase in depression, tension, and confusion was noted on days 14 and 21 of the hypoxic bed rest condition. Concomitantly, a decrease, albeit not statistically significant, in positive psychological responses was observed. The psychological profile returned to the initial level at Post following all confinements. These data suggest that the combined effect of hypoxia and bed rest induced the most negative effects on an individual's mood. However, significant intra- and inter-individual differences in psychological responses were noted and should be taken into consideration.
Adenosine plays a role in the energy supply of cells and provokes differential, hormone-like functions in circulating cells and various tissues. Its release is importantly regulated by oxygen tension. This renders adenosine and its kinetics interesting to investigate in humans subjected to low oxygen conditions. Especially for space exploration scenarios, hypoxic conditions - together with reduced gravity - represent two foreseen living conditions when planning manned long-duration space missions or planetary habitats. The PlanHab study investigated microgravity through inactivity in bed rest and normobaric hypoxia to examine their independent or combined effect on adenosine and its kinetics. Healthy male subjects (n = 14) completed three 21-day interventions: hypoxic bed rest (HBR); hypoxic ambulatory confinement (HAMB); normoxic bed rest (NBR). The interventions were separated by 4 months. Our hypothesis of a hypoxia-triggered increase in adenosine was confirmed in HAMB but unexpectedly also in NBR. However, the highest adenosine levels were noted following HBR. Furthermore, the percentage of hemolysis was elevated in HBR whereas endothelial integrity markers stayed low in all three interventions. In summary, these data suggest that neocytolysis accounts for these effects while we could reduce evidence for microcirculatory changes.
We hypothesized that 5 weeks of endurance training with blood flow restriction (R-training), providing relative ischemia and stimulation of the muscle chemoreflex, would decrease the exercise pressor reflex (EPR) when compared to training with the same workload in a free-flow condition (NR-training). 10 subjects performed one-leg knee-extension training four times a week during a 5-week period. Both legs were trained with identical workload, with one leg being trained during flow-restriction induced by lower body positive pressure. The EPR was assessed by measuring the increase in heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during an isometric knee extension of 35% of max torque for 90 s, this was done before (C), and after training in each leg (R and NR, respectively). At the end of isometric contraction, the increase in mean AP (MAP) in the NR-trained leg and in the control condition were 41 +/- 4 and 38 +/- 4 mmHg, respectively, whereas the increase in the R-trained leg was 30 +/- 4 mmHg (p < 0.05 R vs C and NR), corresponding to a decrease of about 25%. A similar patter was observed with respect to responses in HR, where the increase was 28 +/- 3 and 28 +/- 3 bpm in the NR and C, and 22 +/- 4 in the R condition (p < 0.05 R vs C and NR). Peripheral metabolic changes induced by relative ischemia are important in modifying the EPR in response to exercise training.
INTRODUCTION: The frequency of long-duration, high-altitude missions with fighter aircraft is increasing, which may increase the incidence of decompression sickness (DCS).The aim of the present study was to compare decompression stress during simulated sustained high-altitude flying vs. high-altitude flying interrupted by periods of moderate or marked cabin pressure increase. METHODS: The level of venous gas emboli (VGE) was assessed from cardiac ultrasound images using the 5-degree Eftedal-Brubakk scale. Nitrogen washout/uptake was measured using a closed circuit rebreather. Eight men were investigated in three conditions: one 80-min continuous exposure to a simulated cabin altitude of A) 24,000 ft, or four 20-min exposures to 24,000 ft interspersed by three 20-min intervals at 8) 20,000 ft or C) 900 ft. RESULTS: A and B induced marked and persistent VGE, With peak bubble scores of [median (range)]: A 2.5 (1-3); B: 3.5 (2-4). Peak VGE score was less in C [1.0(1-2),P < 0.01]. Condition A exhibitedan initially high and exponentially decaying rate of nitrogen washout. In C the washout rate was similar in each period at 24,000 ft, and the nitrogen uptake rate was similar during each 900-ft exposure. B exhibited nitrogen washout during each period at 24,000 ft and the initial period at 20,000 ft, but on average no washout or uptake during the last period at 20,000 ft. DISCUSSION: Intermittent reductions of cabin altitude from 24,000 to 20,000 ft do not appear to alleviate the DCS risk, presumably because the pressure increase is not sufficient to eliminate VGE. The nitrogen washout/uptake rate did not reflect DCS risk in the present exposures.
INTRODUCTION: The evolution and preservation of venous gas emboli (VGE), as markers of decompression stress, were investigated during alternating high- and moderate altitude exposures, thus, simulating a fighter aircraft high-altitude flight, interrupted by refueling excursions to lower altitudes. METHODS: Eight men served as subjects during three normoxic simulated altitude exposures: High = 90 min at 24,000 ft; High-Low = three x 30 min at 24,000 ft, interspersed by two 30-min intervals at 15,000 ft; Low = 90 min at 15,000 ft. VGE scores were assessed by cardiac ultrasound, using a 5-grade scale. Respiratory nitrogen exchange was measured continuously using a modified closed-circuit electronic rebreather. RESULTS: Both High and High-Low induced persistent VGE, with no inter-condition difference either at rest [median (range): High: 1 (0-3), High-Low: 2 (0-3)] or during unloaded knee-bends [High: 3 (1-4), High-Low: 3 (0-4)], whereas VGE was considerably less in Low, both at rest [0 (0-1)] and during knee-bends [0 (0-2)]. In High-Low, VGE decreased temporarily during the 15,000-ft excursions, but resumed pre-excursion values upon return to 24,000 ft. During the final descent to ground level, VGE were more persistent following High-Low than High. In both High and Low, nitrogen was continuously washed out at altitude, whereas in High-Low, the washout at 24,000 ft was interrupted by nitrogen uptake at 15,000 ft. DISCUSSION: In normoxic conditions, long-duration flying at a cabin altitude of 24,000 ft is associated with substantial VGE occurrence, which is not abolished by intermittent excursions to a cabin altitude of 15,000 ft.
Prolonged inactivity, such as bed rest induces several detrimental changes within a short timeframe. Impaired postural balance and responses of trunk muscles to (un)expected perturbations were both shown to be impaired after bed rest. Certain populations (e.g., astronauts) are exposed to hypoxic environment in addition to inactivity, similar to bed rest. While the isolated negative effects of hypoxia on postural balance have been observed before, no study to date has examined the combined effects of hypoxia and bed rest on postural balance or trunk muscle responses. In this study, we examined the effects of 21-day exposure to three conditions: (i) bed rest in hypoxic environment (HBR), (ii) bed rest in normoxic environment (NBR), and (iii) ambulatory hypoxic environment (HAMB). Fourteen healthy male subjects crossed over between conditions in a randomized order, with a 4-month break between conditions to ensure full recovery. Most body sway parameters indicated a similar deterioration of postural balance following both HBR and NBR. Similarly, both anticipatory and reactive responses of the trunk muscles (m. erector spinae and m. multifidus) were impaired after HBR and NBR to a similar degree and mostly unchanged after HAMB. Certain body sway parameters were impaired after HAMB, confirming that hypoxia alone can undermine postural balance. On the other hand, some trunk responses were improved after HAMB. In conclusion, the results of our study confirmed previous findings on negative effects of bed rest, but showed little or no additional effect of hypoxia during bed rest. Physical activity during bed rest is encouraged to preserve neuromuscular functions of the trunk. While the HBR condition in our study resembled conditions during space missions, our results could be relevant to other populations, such as patients with pulmonary diseases exposed to bed rest.
We explored the metagenomic, metabolomic and trace metal makeup of intestinal microbiota and environment in healthy male participants during the run-in (5 day) and the following three 21-day interventions: normoxic bedrest (NBR), hypoxic bedrest (HBR) and hypoxic ambulation (HAmb) which were carried out within a controlled laboratory environment (circadian rhythm, fluid and dietary intakes, microbial bioburden, oxygen level, exercise). The fraction of inspired O2 (FiO2) and partial pressure of inspiredO2 (PiO2) were 0.209 and 133.1 ± 0.3 mmHg for the NBR and 0.141 ± 0.004 and 90.0 ± 0.4 mmHg (~4,000 m simulated altitude) for HBR and HAmb interventions, respectively. Shotgun metagenomes were analyzed at various taxonomic and functional levels, 1H-and 13C-metabolomes were processed using standard quantitative and human expert approaches, whereas metals were assessed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Inactivity and hypoxia resulted in a significant increase in the genus Bacteroides in HBR, in genes coding for proteins involved in iron acquisition and metabolism, cell wall, capsule, virulence, defense and mucin degradation, such as beta-galactosidase (EC18.104.22.168), α-L-fucosidase (EC18.104.22.168), Sialidase (EC220.127.116.11), and α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC188.8.131.52). In contrast, the microbial metabolomes, intestinal element and metal profiles, the diversity of bacterial, archaeal and fungal microbial communities were not significantly affected. The observed progressive decrease in defecation frequency and concomitant increase in the electrical conductivity (EC) preceded or took place in absence of significant changes at the taxonomic, functional gene, metabolome and intestinal metal profile levels. The fact that the genus Bacteroides and proteins involved in iron acquisition and metabolism, cell wall, capsule, virulence and mucin degradation were enriched at the end of HBR suggest that both constipation and EC decreased intestinal metal availability leading to modified expression of co-regulated genes in Bacteroides genomes. Bayesian network analysis was used to derive the first hierarchical model of initial inactivity mediated deconditioning steps over time. The PlanHab wash-out period corresponded to a profound life-style change (i.e., reintroduction of exercise) that resulted in stepwise amelioration of the negative physiological symptoms, indicating that exercise apparently prevented the crosstalk between the microbial physiology, mucin degradation and proinflammatory immune activities in the host.


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Planning to Get Behaviour Right: Research Plus Experience
There is nothing like a discussion about behaviour and discipline, either in the staff room or in the classroom, to get people talking with passion, intensity and all too often from totally different perspectives.
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Henri Cole's Best of Both Worlds
Although many of the poems in Henri Cole's Middle Earth are single-stanza free-verse sonnets, some of the moments I found most technically interesting involved indented lines. Take, for example, the opening poem, "Self-Portrait In A Gold Kimono:"
Born, I was born.Tears represent how much my mother loves me,
shivering and steaming like a horse in rain.My heart as innocent as Buddha's,
my name a Parisian bandleader's.I am trying to stand.
Father is holding me and blowing in my ear,like a glassblower on a flame.


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Ooohs and aaahs filled the air Saturday morning, May 26, as community members explored chalk guided paths along downtown Grand Prairie during the city event 'Mimosas and Murals.' Community members were invited to participate in a sip-and-see walking tour of the city's downtown art with a mimosa in hand. "We are trying to activate downtown,"…
About the Author
Tricia Sims
Tricia Sims graduated from Sam Houston State University in 2017 with a degree in multi-platform journalism. She has written for several publications and is excited to grow her journalism experience at Rambler Newspapers. Tricia is currently the Associate Editor here at Rambler.


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The healing effects of the sauna have been known since time immemorial. The hot air in the sauna causes sweating and secretion of harmful substances, opens the pores of the skin, improves blood circulation, elasticity and appearance. It speeds up metabolism, acts anti-inflammatory, bactroid and kills the mites that live on the human body (by the way, only twice in your life is your body completely rid of mites when you are born and when you go out of the sauna), thanks to which the sauna also helps against various allergies, eczema , yeast and fungal infections, acne and skin diseases. It has proven therapeutic effects in asthma, inflammation and airway allergies. At the same time it works soothing and relaxing.
Infrasauna - the body is heated inside it at an optimum temperature of 40 - 60 ° C. Infrared heat ensures that the harmful substances stored under the skin dissolve and swell out of the body.
The dry (Finnish) sauna has a lower humidity and a temperature of 95 to 105 ° C. Releases musculoskeletal muscles. High air temperature helps the body to soothe and the body releases toxic substances. After immortality, the immune system is strengthened.
The steam sauna has a beneficial effect on the airways, especially after the addition of an inhalation essence. At 47 to 55 ° C, it releases respiratory and skin pores.
Whirlpool with 30 adjustable nozzles has a capacity for 4 people. It provides a whirlpool bath with full-body application, with a constant temperature of 35-37 ° C. Water massage contributes to improving limb blood circulation, activates skin receptors, releases muscle and joint stiffness. It has a healing, relaxing and regenerative effect. It is recommended in conditions following operations or injuries of the locomotor system, in muscular atria and peripheral polio, diabetes mellitus. The whole procedure takes about 20 minutes.
As the history says, the Egyptian Queen Cleopatra was one of the first advocates of salt and mud of the Dead Sea, which were a basic part of her everyday care for health and beauty. The miraculous silt of mud consists of being composed of very fine grains - dissolved minerals (calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium) and other nutrients. Regular wraps release the whole body, favorably stimulate the whole blood stream, and the skin remains soft, fresh and youthful.
The beneficial effects of mud packs are immediately visible. The mud is used in the form of lining for locomotory diseases, gynecological diseases, respiratory diseases or as a cosmetic treatment of delicate, sensitive and dry skin, which it regenerates, cleanses from impurities and nourishes.
During the wrap, there is a local and general overheating of the body, which increases with the application area of the wrap. Heat increases blood flow and local metabolism, thereby accelerating the absorption of chronic inflammatory infiltrates, softens the ligament, releases the skeletal muscles and smooth muscle of the internal organs.
The mud wrap produces a reduction in swelling around the joints, decreasing muscle tension, improving cartilage, connective tissue and intervertebral plate nutrition. It acts to increase anti-inflammatory activity and immune processes in the body, prevents the degradation of elastin and collagen, improving the function of cartilage, connective tissues and joint mobility.
Classic massage - is one of the most used massages. It's a set of tactics the masseur applies to the client's body. The masseur stimulates the skin, the subcutaneous tissue and especially the muscles, causing blood circulation, muscle relaxation, and tension breakdown that causes hardness in the muscles. Backache (also known as myogeloses) often causes pain not only at the site of their occurrence. Myogeloses can move with the body's movements and can irritate the nerves and their paths of the individual parts of the body, causing pain. Regular massage at our masseurs will not cause problems with myogelosis. Classical massage also works very well against the fatigue and stress that every day affects every one of us. This massage is very pleasant and is one of the most effective massages. So why not connect a nice with a useful when it is possible? Classic massage can also help you with locomotor system, injury and bone and joint operations (tear, joint), nerve disorders (hemiparesis, hemiplegia, paraplegia), gastrointestinal disorders (constipation, obesity, metabolic disorders) , conditions of long-term immobilization, muscular fatigue (muscular), convalescence (stroke).
For those who want to look all year long to be attractive and beautiful, our solarium is secured. It is serviced by trained technicians who will ensure that every customer uses a proper sunbathing program and uses the right sunscreen. We pay close attention to hygiene, health care and cleanliness.
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