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'Drug' laws in Australia are guided by both state and federal legislation and can be complex and technical with many things to be considered. Added to the complex aspects surrounding these laws is the fact in some instances the onus of proof is reversed, requiring the defendant to prove their innocence. Taking a look at laws on Cannabis use in each state and territory, there is a zero tolerance for 'drugs' in a person's system when driving and it is an offence to drive a vehicle in Australia under the influence of 'drugs'. Most drivers would have undergone a breathalyser test and now, police can administer a random 'drug' test. All states and territories have laws making it an offence to operate a vehicle while on 'drugs'. The testing regime is highly discriminatory, however, not testing for cocaine (NSW commenced cocaine testing in a trial in Sydney's eastern suburbs from 1 July 2018) nor opioids or benzodiazepines, all complicit in fatalities on Australian roads behind alcohol (causative in at least 30% of road fatalities). If the testing regime was truly based on making our roads safer, police would be testing for cocaine, opioids, benzo's and a whole raft of other toxic pharmaceuticals, not Cannabis, which stays in the adipose (fat) cells for the longest of all illicit substances, making Cannabis users easy targets.
The following laws apply for the relevant State or Territory (see as @ date in each section)
AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY (as @ January 2019)
Unlike alcohol, any trace of illicit drugs in your system is illegal. Random Roadside Drug Testing (RRDT) commenced in May 2011. These drug tests test for cannabis, methamphetamine (speed and ice) and MDMA (ecstasy). The testing only relates to the 'presence' of a drug in your system, there is no limit like drink driving. Drug testing can take place anywhere, anytime. RRDT is a three step process before being charged with an offence. The first two steps are undertaken roadside. First an oral test, followed immediately by a 'preliminary oral fluid analysis' using an instrument called a Drug Detection System. If unable to provide a saliva swab, a blood test may be used. A third 'confirmative' positive laboratory test is required before a driver is charged; this is conducted by the ACT Government Analytical Laboratory (ACTGAL). 'Drug' drivers will be required to appear before court, similar to those who 'drink and drive'. A first offence can lead to a fine up to $1,500. For repeat offenders; a fine up to $3,750, three months imprisonment, or both can be imposed. An offending driver can also face loss of licence for a period specified by the court. For more information on alcohol and 'drug' impaired driving refer to the ACT Road Users Handbook.
NEW SOUTH WALES (as @ 20 May 2019)
Mobile Drug Testing (MDT) operates alongside Random Breath testing (RBT) for alcohol and police have the power to test drivers they believe may be under the influence of illegal or prescription 'drugs'. MDT is increasing, with police conducting up to 200,000 roadside drug tests each year in NSW by the year 2020. MDT detects drivers who have recently used four common illegal 'drugs': Ecstasy, Cannabis, Cocaine and Methamphetamine (including speed and ice). MDT can be conducted at roadside operations along with RBT, or by NSW Police in vehicles patrolling our roads.
As with RBT, you will be stopped by police, asked for your licence, complete a breath test for alcohol and then be asked to wipe an MDT test stick down your tongue to check if you have illegal 'drugs' in your system. The results take a few minutes to appear and you must wait until police say you are clear. If your MDT test is positive, you'll be taken to a roadside testing van or bus, or back to a police station to provide a saliva sample. This sample will be tested and if positive, you'll be banned from driving for 24 hours. All samples are sent to a laboratory for analysis. If confirmed positive, tough penalties apply. If you are stopped for MDT or other reasons at the roadside, your behaviour or driving is erratic and police suspect you are under the influence of illegal or prescription drugs, they can also require you undergo blood and urine testing. If police arrest you to undergo blood and urine tests, you will receive a 48-hour driving prohibition, effective immediately. The tests cover a large range of legal and illegal substances that can impair drivers and can lead to a charge of driving under the influence (DUI), which has serious penalties. All drivers involved in fatal crashes undergo blood and urine testing for 'drugs' and alcohol.
Drug driving is a serious offence. It is also an offence if you refuse to take a drug test. Penalties can include loss of licence, fines and prison terms. As part of the Road Safety Plan 2021, changes came into effect on 20 May 2019 to simplify and improve certainty of penalties for first-time offences for driving with the presence of an illegal drug, which are typically detected through MDT. As of 20 May 2019, if your roadside positive result is confirmed by the laboratory and it is a first-time offence, you may receive a fine (currently $561) and your licence will subsequently be suspended for three months. If it is a second or subsequent offence you will need to go to court and may receive a licence disqualification and fine. If you are found guilty of driving under the influence, even higher penalties apply. More information about current penalties for drug-driving offences can be found on the Roads and Maritime Services website.
If charged with 'drug' driving it means you have been found or are suspected of driving with an illicit substance in your oral fluid, blood or urine. Pleading not guilty to a 'drug' driving charge means it is up to the prosecution to prove you were driving with 'drugs' in your system. If you are sure you were not, plead not guilty and defend the matter in court. The 'drug' tests used by police are notoriously unreliable and can show positive days after an alleged offender has taken 'drugs' and there are certain procedures police must undergo when testing a person. If you can show they have gone against procedure when obtaining evidence, you could have charges withdrawn. If you decide to plead guilty to a charge of 'drug' driving, the court has the discretion not to convict. 'Section 10' (s10) refers to section 10 of the Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999 which allows a court that finds you guilty of an offence to discharge you without recording a conviction and because there is no conviction, there is no criminal record. 'Drug' driving is a criminal offence and ordinarily comes with a criminal conviction.
The New South Wales Police Farce misinforms people about Cannabis as follows:
Dangerous state of mind
Cannabis – marijuana, weed, hash
"Cannabis slows down your reactions and reduces your ability to respond to situations. The 'drug' changes your perception of distance and time, lowers your concentration, reduces coordination and makes you drowsy. Cannabis users often don't realise their driving is affected until they are faced with an unexpected situation. It is only after they in danger that they realise they are incapable of making a quick or correct decision".
On the NSW Transport website it lists the below penalties for driving with the mere presence of any of the following 'drugs' in oral fluid, blood or urine:
- Active THC (Cannabis)
- Methylamphetamine (Speed/ice)
- Methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA or 'Ecstasy') or
- Benzoylmethylecgonine (Cocaine)
First offence
Second / subsequent offence
Penalty notice fine
Licence suspension (if offence is dealt with through a penalty notice)
3 months
Maximum court- imposed fine
Minimum disqualification
3 months
6 months
Maximum disqualification
6 months
Automatic disqualification (disqualification period that applies in the absence of a specific court order)
6 months
12 months
If you decide to plead not guilty you may be able to prove police obtained evidence illegally. When carrying out tests, police have to abide by certain rules and procedures, when they fail to comply with these processes, evidence they obtained illegally may be dismissed and you may be found 'not guilty'. You may also have a defence if the 'drugs' were prescribed by a doctor or if you were threatened or coerced into 'drug' driving (under duress). The NSW Centre for Road Safety states;
Illegal 'drugs' can be detected in your saliva by an MDT for a significant time after use, even if you feel you are OK to drive. The length of time that illegal 'drugs' can be detected by MDT depends on the amount taken, frequency of use … and other factors that vary between individuals. Cannabis can typically be detected in saliva by an MDT test stick for up to 12 hours after use. Stimulants can typically be detected for one to two days. If you think that you may have illegal 'drugs' in your system, the best decision is not to drive. Our Getting home safely tips have advice on how to avoid the risk of driving if you have used 'drugs' .
In 2016 Lismore Magistrate David Heilpern handed down a ruling to keep in mind. He said he had heard hundreds of cases in which drivers said they had waited days, sometimes weeks, after smoking Cannabis before driving. Yet they had still tested positive and been charged with the offence of driving with an illicit 'drug' in their blood. "In the vast majority of cases the time frame has been over 12 hours. On not one occasion has the prosecution cavilled with this contention". Mr Heilpern said the prosecution had also remained silent when people claimed they had tested positive to Cannabis after consuming by passive smoking, eating hemp seeds, rubbing hemp balm or taking medicinal tincture. "The prosecution have remained silent when people claim that they consumed Cannabis weeks prior. Not once has any scientific evidence been produced to this court that supports the contention that the final or any other test only works for 12 hours. It could be that every single one of those defendants are lying to the police. However, on balance, I find that this is unlikely".
In April 2019, NSW police expert on drug driving, Dr Judith Perl, admitted in court that detection by the RDT test depends on how Cannabis is taken. When questioned in general terms about the effectiveness of the police's oral testing method in detecting different types of Cannabis consumption, Dr Perl said: "If it is ingested it will disappear out of the oral fluid very rapidly, or if it is ingested in a capsule form it will not even be detected [at all]'".
NORTHERN TERRITORY (as @ February 2019)
The law about driving under the influence of a 'drug' is contained in the Traffic Act. The procedure for Drug Testing and the definition of a 'drug' is outlined in the Traffic Regulations. Some 'drugs' are strictly prohibited and some are prohibited unless they are prescribed by a medical practitioner and taken exactly as directed. The police have the power to use roadside saliva tests and blood samples to test drivers who may be driving under the influence of 'drugs'. If police reasonably suspect you have prohibited 'drugs', they can search you or your car without a warrant. Police can direct you to submit to a saliva or blood test if:
- it is a random roadside driver test;
- you are the driver of a vehicle with a gross vehicle mass of 4.5 tonnes or more;
- police suspect you are driving under the influence of a 'drug';
- police believe you were the driver of a vehicle that was involved in an accident, provided the accident happened no more than four hours prior.
It is an offence to drive or to instruct a learner driver while there is a prohibited 'drug' in your system. The police do not have to show your ability to drive was affected in order to prove the offence, it is sufficient the 'drug' is in your blood. The maximum penalty for a first offence is $765.00 or imprisonment for three months. For a second or subsequent offence it is $1,147.50 or imprisonment for six months. An offence is a second or subsequent offence if you have previously been found guilty of either driving under the influence of alcohol or a 'drug' or driving with a prohibited 'drug' in the blood. For these offences, your licence will be automatically cancelled and you will be disqualified from driving for at least three months for a second offence or six months for a subsequent offence.
QUEENSLAND (as @ May 2019)
The State Government passed legislation under the Transport Operations (Road Use Management) Act 1995 and the Criminal Code Act 1899 to purportedly combat rising road fatality statistics. The Act provides for two types of 'drug' driving offences. Driving while a relevant 'drug' is present in your blood or saliva is the most common 'drug' driving offence a person is charged with. If you return a positive result on your first saliva test police will generally require you to do a second test. If the second test returns a positive reading your licence will be suspended for 24 hours.
If you are then charged with driving with a relevant drug present and you have no pending drug driving charges, your driver licence will remain valid until the charge is dealt with by a court, is withdrawn or otherwise discontinued. However, if you are charged with driving with a relevant drug present and have pending drug driving charges, your driver licence will be suspended immediately until your court date. When dealing with your charge of driving with a relevant drug present, a magistrate may:
- disqualify you from driving for between 1 to 9 months
- fine you up to $1,706
- impose a maximum term of imprisonment up to 3 months.
The law imposes a mandatory minimum period of driver disqualification for people convicted of this offence. This means, regardless of circumstances, a magistrate must disqualify you for a minimum period of 1 month to a maximum of 9 months. A court will consider individual cases and personal circumstances when deciding the appropriate penalty. Often this involves considering your traffic history and the impact losing your licence would have on your life.
Queensland maintains a strict zero tolerance policy for driving under the influence of illegal 'drugs'. The offence of driving under the influence of a 'drug' is treated the same as the offence of driving under the influence of alcohol. This offence carries heavier penalties. If a police officer reasonably suspects your driving ability has been impaired by any drug you may be required to provide a specimen of blood for analysis. If you fail to provide a specimen, or a drug is detected in your blood, you will be charged with driving under the influence of liquor or a drug and your driver licence will be immediately suspended until the charge is dealt with:
- by a court
- is withdrawn or otherwise discontinued, or,
- you are issued with a court order permitting you to drive until your court hearing.
When dealing with your charge of driving under the influence of liquor or a drug, a magistrate may:
- disqualify you from driving for up to 6 months
- fine you up to $3,413
- impose a maximum term of imprisonment up to 9 months.
If you are charged with a repeat drug driving offence (you have been previously convicted of a drug driving charge in the last 5 years) a court may:
- disqualify you from driving for up to 2 years
- fine you up to $7,314
- impose a term of imprisonment for a period of time determined by the court.
If you fail to provide a specimen of saliva for testing, you may be fined up to $4,876 or sentenced to a maximum term of imprisonment up to 6 months. You may also be liable for the same penalties as if you were charged with the offence of driving under the influence of drugs.
If you are convicted of a 'drug' driving offence (including being under the influence in charge of a vehicle, failing to provide a blood specimen, or driving with particular 'drugs' in your saliva or blood), you will be disqualified from holding or obtaining a Queensland driver's licence for a period of time. The court has no choice. You should hand in your driver's licence at court as it is automatically cancelled and to keep a cancelled driver's licence is an offence. You will not be eligible to apply for a work licence if you are convicted of the more serious offence of driving or being in charge of a vehicle while under the influence of a 'drug'. You may be able to apply for a work licence if you are convicted of the lesser offence of having a 'drug' in your saliva or blood while driving or in charge of a vehicle. Not everyone will be eligible so you should get legal advice about this. As well as the licence disqualification, you are likely to be fined, given a community service order or jailed.
SOUTH AUSTRALIA (as @ May 2019)
Offences are dealt with under the Road Traffic Act 1961. From 22 February 2018 the roadside 'drug' testing process has been streamlined so only one, rather than two, screening tests will be undertaken by police. If a screening test is positive, an oral fluid sample will be sent for laboratory analysis to confirm the presence of 'drugs'. From 8 March 2018 the court penalty for a first 'drug' driving offence will increase. The minimum licence disqualification for drivers who elect to be prosecuted and are convicted by the court for a first 'drug' diving offence will increase from three to not less than six months. Licence disqualification periods imposed for repeat 'drug' driving offences will also increase;
===========================================================================Drug driving penalties in South Australia
|Driving with prescribed drug in oral fluid or blood ^
(section 47BA of the Road Traffic Act 1961)
|'On the spot' fine; 4 demerit points plus licence disqualification for 3 months
Court penalty – a fine of not <$900 and not >$1,300; 4 demerit points; and
Licence disqualification – not <6 months
|Second offence
|Court penalty – a fine of not <$1,100 and not >$1,600; 4 demerit points; and
Licence disqualification – not <12 months
|Court penalty – a fine of not <$1,500 and not >$2,200; 4 demerit points; and
Licence disqualification – not <2 years
|Subsequent offences
|Court penalty – a fine of not <$1,500 and not >$2,200; 4 demerit points; and
Licence disqualification – not ❤ years
|Refusal or failure to undertake a drug screening test, oral fluid analysis or blood test +
(section 47EAA of the Road Traffic Act 1961)
|Court penalty – a fine of not <$900 and not >$1,300; 6 demerit points; and
Licence disqualification – not <12 months
|Subsequent offences
|Court penalty – a fine of not <$1,500 and not >$2,200; and 6 demerit points; and
Licence disqualification – not ❤ years
- + denotes an offence to which "immediate loss of licence" applies under s47IAA of the Road Traffic Act 1961.
- ^ denotes an offence to which "clamping, impounding and forfeiture of a vehicle" is available under the Criminal Law (Clamping, Impounding and Forfeiture of Vehicles) Act 2007. Note these sanctions are not available where an expiation notice is issued.
From 24 April 2018 the penalty for a first 'drug' driving offence that is expiated will increase. A driver who expiates a first 'drug' driving offence will incur a three month licence disqualification in addition to the existing expiation fee and four demerit points. A person 'drug' or drink driving places a child passenger at an increased risk of being involved in a serious crash. For this reason, a new offence will apply for 'drug' (or drink) driving with a child under the age of 16 present in the vehicle. This offence will apply to all 'drug' driving offences, including driving under the influence and refusing or failing to undertake an alcohol or 'drug' screening test. Drivers committing this offence will not regain their licence until they show they are not dependent. Penalties that apply for the respective 'drug' or drink driving offence such as a fine, licence disqualification period and demerit points will also apply.
Drivers who commit repeat 'drug' and drink driving offences, or who commit an offence with a child aged under 16 in the vehicle, must undergo a dependency assessment and be found not dependent in order to regain their driver's licence. Under the new laws, these 'drug' and drink drivers will have the option of completing an alcohol or 'drug' dependency treatment program. Drivers must show they are not dependent in order to regain their driver's licence. The cost of a dependency assessment will continue to be borne by the driver. Any costs arising from participation in a treatment program would also need to be borne by the driver. From 24 April 2018, any person caught driving unlicensed who was required to show they are not dependent on alcohol or 'drugs' will face a fine of up to $5,000 or imprisonment for one year and disqualification from holding or obtaining a licence for not less than three years. For more information see Drug driving and/or Alcohol and Drug Crash Fact Sheet.
TASMANIA (as @ February 2019)
Under the Road Safety (Alcohol and Drugs) Act 1970, police officers have powers relating to 'drug' and alcohol consumption in drivers. These powers allow for police officers to require a driver of a motor vehicle to undergo an oral fluid test to test for illicit 'drugs' (s7B). From Monday 3 December 2018, police officers will be able to collect oral fluid samples from drivers who return a positive result to a roadside drug test, instead of the driver being required to provide a blood sample. Another significant change to the Act includes increasing the time limit a driver can be drug or alcohol tested following a driving incident from three hours to five hours.
This is a public safety issue because of the dangerous nature of motor vehicle accidents and the contributory factors of alcohol and 'drugs' to motor accidents. This means police can require you to stop, submit to a breath test and produce identification at any time you are driving. This is also the case where a driver commits an offence (including a traffic offence), is involved in an accident or is found in a situation where police reasonably believe the person has just been driving or is about to drive. There does not have to be a reason to suspect or believe the person has committed or is committing an offence. You can be followed on to private property by police officers to have a breath analysis performed if you have attempted to evade this procedure by entering private property. If you drive with alcohol or drugs in your body you'll have to appear in Court to face a Magistrate who will impose a penalty. The minimum penalty is losing your licence and paying a fine.
A court can order that a person be disqualified from driving if they are convicted of an offence under the Road Safety (Alcohol and Drugs) Act 1970. The court sends details of the disqualification to the Registrar of Motor Vehicles and provides an information brochure informing the person of the steps they may take to be considered for approval for a licence at the end of the disqualification period. The disqualification details and information brochure are sent by the Court and is served by hand delivery to the person; or registered mail to the person's last known address. A person who has been disqualified by a court order may be eligible to apply to a magistrate for a restricted licence. At the completion of a period of disqualification, a person can apply for a driver licence which may be issued as a probationary licence.
VICTORIA (as @ February 2019)
The Road Safety (Drivers) and (General) Amendment (Behaviour Change Program and Other Matters) Regulations 2018 (SR 47 of 2018) (Vic) came into effect on 30 April 2018 making miscellaneous amendments to:
- Road Safety (Drivers) Regulations 2009 (SR 95 of 2009) (Vic); and
- Road Safety (General) Regulations 2009 (SR 115 of 2009) (Vic).
The amendments are a consequence of the enactment of the Transport Legislation Amendment (Road Safety, Rail and Other Matters) Act 2017 (Act 68 of 2017) (Vic) and from 30 April 2018 the following changes came into place:
- all drink and 'drug' drivers will be required to participate in a behaviour change program;
- Victorian drivers convicted of drink or 'drug' driving interstate will be subject to Victorian drink-driving penalties; and
- licence suspensions for drivers detected with illicit substances in their system will increase from three to six months and from six to twelve months for repeat offenders.
The changes are part of Victoria's "Towards Zero" strategy, with its purported aim of reducing the number of lives lost on Victoria roads to 200 or fewer and serious injuries reduced to 15% by 2020.
Towards Zero is Victoria's plan to ensure no one is seriously injured on our roads. It acknowledges that we all face risks on our roads. But our choice to use the road shouldn't cost us our lives. That's why we need to ensure we have a safe transport system in place. Together we can build a system that protects us from our own mistakes and those of others. The Towards Zero road safety principles are also in place across most Australian states and territories. Overseas, many other countries have adopted the same principles (also known as Vision Zero), including: Sweden, Canada, United Kingdom, France, Norway and large cities in the US, such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago and Boston.
From 30 April 2018 if you get caught driving with 'drugs' in your system, you'll lose your licence for longer and will also need to complete a compulsory Drug Driver Behaviour Change Program. You can be given a penalty for:
- failing a roadside screening test;
- driving while impaired by a 'drug';
- refusing to cooperate with police.
The police also have the power to immediately suspend your licence or learner permit if they charge you with certain 'drug'-driving offences. This suspension lasts until your charges have been decided in court. The table explains the different penalties. The value of a penalty unit changes each financial year and is published on the website of the Department of Justice and Regulation.
|First 'drug'-driving offence and you received a Traffic Infringement Notice
|You will:
|First 'drug'-driving offence and you have to go to court
|You will:
The court may also record a conviction.
|Second 'drug'-driving offence
|You will go to court and will:
The court may also record a conviction.
|More than two 'drug'-driving offences
|You will go to court and will:
The court may also record a conviction.
If police stop you, they can do a preliminary assessment of physical factors such as your behaviour, balance and coordination. If this assessment shows that you may be impaired by a 'drug', you will need to give blood and/or urine samples. You will be given a penalty if you are found guilty of 'drug'-driving. There are different penalties depending on whether it is your first offence or if you have been caught before. The following table explains the different penalties.
|First 'drug'-driving offence
|You will:
The court may also record a conviction.
|Second 'drug'-driving offence
|You will:
The court may also record a conviction.
|More than two 'drug'-driving offences
|You will:
The court may also record a conviction.
You will receive even harsher penalties if you refuse to cooperate with testing requirements or refuse to give a saliva, blood or urine sample. If found guilty, you will:
- receive a fine of up to 12 penalty units;
- have your licence or learner permit cancelled for at least 24 months;
- need to complete an Intensive Drink and Drug Driver Behaviour Change Program.
WESTERN AUSTRALIA (as @ February 2019)
Full details of traffic offences and penalties related to drink and drug driving are contained in the Road Traffic Act 1974. Drivers can be subject to roadside 'drug' tests, with the aim to reduce the risk posed by 'drug' drivers on WA roads. Police have the power to stop drivers suspected of driving while impaired by any 'drug' and those found with illicit 'drugs' in their oral fluid can be charged with the offence of Driving with Prescribed Illicit Drug in Oral Fluid.
|Court Penalty
|Demerits OR
Licence Disqualification
|First Offence
|3 demerits
|Second OR
Subsequent Offence
|6 months minimum disqualification
Drivers found to be impaired by prescribed or illicit 'drugs' will be prosecuted for a more serious offence; Drug Impaired Driving under the Influence of Drugs. These offences apply where police have evidence of suspicious or erratic driving behaviour and where that suspicion is confirmed following a driver assessment and/or blood tests.
|Court Penalty
|Licence Disqualification
|First Offence
|10 months minimum
|Second Offence
9 months imprisonment
|30 months minimum
|Subsequent Offence
18 months imprisonment
Announced in May 2018, 'drug' drivers will face automatic roadside licence bans as part of a suite of tough new measures the WA State Government is developing. The regime will close a loophole that lets 'drug'-affected motorists keep driving until they face court, unlike serious drink-drivers who are suspended immediately. The penalty will also apply to drivers who are charged with the current lesser offence of having an illicit substance in their system but not being "under the influence", with those drivers likely to be banned from getting back behind the wheel until the 'drug' is out of their body. The length of the bans in both cases is still being worked out and may be separate to the court penalties for the offences. In other measures to target impaired drivers, the Police and Road Safety Minister told a road safety research forum that the WA Government would increase drink and 'drug' testing to "unprecedented" levels next financial year. As part of increasing penalties for all 'drug'-driving, the WA Government wants to reverse the onus of proof so the presence alone of an illicit 'drug' means a driver is impaired, similar to drink-driving.
Updated from Cannabis Law and Drug Driving Australia (2017) with NSW PASSES TOUGHER DRINK DRIVING PENALTIES and Offences and Penalties
Last Updated 23 May 2019


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This situation reflects practices in the USA, but is quite analogous to our own in Canada. College and university students are being educated by adjunct professors (sessionals) who are being paid poverty level wages. All while student debt is at historic levels.
An association called the New Faculty Majority has produced a short film that tells the story of these teachers who have dedicated their lives to imparting knowledge to the next generation.

subset: commoncrawl


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Fresh Farm Markets in the Metro DC area
Fresh Farm Markets DC ("DC" means Maryland, Delaware and Virginia as well as the District of Columbia). Patronize these farmers and producers who are the allies of cooks and curators of fine food.
Why buy from local farmers when the mega-mart offers bargain food and it's wrapped in see through plastic? Read the short answers here, but think about the long answer. Do you know who grows your food? Have you talked to the person who picked your dinner from the coop or field?


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In early September, 70,000
The Gelato World Tour competition passed through Rome, Valencia, Melbourne, Dubai, Austin and Berlin before reaching Rimini for its Grand Finale, and in each city the best "gelato artists" have been offered the chance to compete with their peers in Italy where one of them would have been eventually nominated by a technical jury made by some of the world's most venerable gelato professionals the best ice cream maker in the world.
This year, the winners were from Sydney, Australia. John and Sam Crowl of Cow & Moon gelateria and coffee bar enchanted everybody with their almond affogato, "a creative Madagascan vanilla-bean rendering with roasted caramelised almonds folded through with a Kenyan-coffee caramel sauce".
Ice cream is an essential component of Italian culture, and Italy is probably one of the few countries in the world where the difference between mass-produced gelato and artisanal ice cream is clear to everybody. The Gelato World Tour is said to have contributed to the spread of this consciousness, and this is the main reason why the event was nicknamed "the Olympics of Artisan Gelato".
Beyond tasting delicious spoons of gelato, the people who joined the Gelato World Tour also learnt that there is a Gelato University in Bologna, which is sponsored by Carpigiani, one of the Italian most famous manufacturer of ice cream machines and equipment, and it is extremely prestigious. According to its director, Kaori Ito, the University caters to about 7,000 students a year. Courses are held in Italian, English, French, Spanish, German, and in January classes will be offered in Putonghua as well.
Follow @castaritaHK


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The over 60's returned from their summer recess with a match on Knotts, looking for some big fish. However the big ones eluded them, with only small stuff caught, and not many of them. Steve Thame broke his run of 2 consecutive wins to place second behind Dave Smith. The result was:
1. Dave Smith 1-4-0
2. Steve Thame 0-15-0 and Brian Cripps 0-15-0
The over 70's (and over 80's) took their mid-August match to Dobsons where a field of 9 anglers tackled a very difficult water, with the fish not biting much at all. Only two managed to catch and weigh in. The points would push G Wooton and Eric Goswell to the upper middle of the points table, poised nidely for the next round. In short the result is:
G Wootton 1lb 8oz
E Goswell 6oz
The late July over 60's match was on Willows, where some people were able to tempt the carp. Steve Thame was a clear winner, but second place man Pete Grayson has a surprise crucian in his 2 fish bag. The full result was:
Steve Thame 35-14-0 4 carp peg 53;
Pete Grayson 17-6-0 1 15lb carp and a Crucian peg 39;
Paul Smith 8-9-0 2 carp peg 41;
The August event in the club championship was on Knotts, one of the lake matches scheduled for this year. Only Dave Chandler found any tench to give him an easy win, everyone else just catching roach. After this they go into the summer break (just like formula 1 drivers) with Brian Cripps and Malcolm Ward on 34 and 33 points vying for the lead. The result at Knotss was:
Dave Chandler 11-14-0 3 Tench peg 32;
Carl Godfrey 2-14-0;
Dave Smith 2-7-0;
The late July event in the club championship took place on the canal at Hambridge. Due to the holidays the field was quite small, but the fish were being caught. Brian Cripps won it by a good margin from second place man Richard Wiggins. The full result was:
Brian Cripps 6-8-0;
Richard Wiggins 3-9-0;
Steve Thame 2-6-0;


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Forest Stewardship Council® FSC®
The Forest Stewardship Council® FSC® is a worldwide, non-profit, non-governmental organisation promoting the responsible growing, harvesting and on-going replanting of timber.
The FSC® label identifies responsibly produced timber and wood products from well-managed forests, where harvested trees are replaced or allowed to regenerate naturally. It is endorsed by the major environmental charities including WWF, Greenpeace and the Woodland Trust.
Telling your customers that you're buying FSC® certified timber from Selco Builders Warehouse can open up new business to you. Sustainability is increasingly valued in the private sector and sustainable procurement is now being incorporated in government policies.
For more information see the FSC® website www.fsc-uk.org
Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes PEFC
PEFC is an independent, non-profit, non-governmental organisation which promotes sustainably managed forests. Founded in 1999, it is the world's largest forest certification system, contributing to the environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial and economically viable management of forests for present and future generations.
PEFC provides an assurance mechanism to purchasers of wood and paper products that they are promoting the sustainable management of forests.
For more information see the PEFC website www.pefc.org
Builders Merchants Federation
As a member of the Builders Merchants Federation (BMF), Selco Builders Warehouse is dedicated to giving all customers an efficient and courteous service.
We are signatories to the BMF Customer Charter which lays down minimum service standards. Members of the Charter promise to observe these standards in their dealings with customers at all times.
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- The Builders Merchants Federation is the UK trade association for builders, plumbers, heating and timber merchants.
For more information please visit the BMF website www.bmf.org.uk


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Our Campuses
Reach Church has two campuses: on Summit Bridge Rd. (Route 896) in Glasgow, Delaware, and on Singerly Road (Route 213), in Fair Hill, Maryland. Each of these campuses belong to one church, Reach Church, with one mission, Nothing But Jesus.
If you are searching for a smaller environment, perhaps our campus at Fair Hill will appeal to you. The campus at Summit Bridge Road will appeal to those who desire a larger church.
Our services are Sunday mornings, at 9:00am & 10:30am, at both of our campuses.


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The Limited Liability Company Worksheet is a generic framework that helps you gather necessary information for legally incorporating your new LLC or make changes to an existing one. You can stay on track using the worksheet, which will guide you on all of the aspects of the company.
This worksheet contains a structured method to go about the legalities ofthe company. It will help you take care of critical elements such asArticles of Incorporation, personal details of the owners, company's details, profit distribution terms and operating agreements etc.
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Add your favoriteCompany/Serviceto this section >
We are proud to be mentioned in the American Chambers of Commerce publication for traveling to East Europe with our brand new e-book on Romania.
Copyright City Compass 2008 - 2020
City Compass SRL is a carrier of data with personal character, registered in the "Registrul de Evidenta a Prelucrarilor de Date cu Caracter Personal" with the nr. 28155.


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CSYMA in partnership with the ACU La Salle Academy conducted a Catholic Leaders Formation Symposium to explore current leadership practice in youth and teacher formation and engagement with the broader Church.
The Catholic Leaders Formation Symposium – 17th August 2018 in Canberra
Featuring keynote talks from Archbishop Christopher Prowse (Canberra-Goulburn) and Br. David Hall (ACU La Salle Academy) as well as many practical seminars by a range of presenters – this symposium was a fantastic opportunity for teachers and Church leaders to grow in their understanding of formation of staff and students.


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What are My Rights if I Dissolve My Civil Union? Colorado made national headlines when its civil union law took into effect in May 2013. While most same-sex couples celebrated the opportunity to finally tie the knot with their long time partners, other couples celebrated ...Read More
Featured Article
Blog posts in Top Stories
Top 10 Cities for Divorce in America
The Huffington Post & the Daily Beast did a survey to find out divorce rates across American cities. You'll be surprised to find out 2 out of the 10 ...View More
Unfit for Parenting?
This story comes out of New York, New York, and presents a very slippery slope situation. The backdrop to the story is an ongoing case for divorce ...View More
Colorado Man Throws Away $500,000.00 in Marital Property
Colorado man throws away $500,000.00 in gold to prevent wife of 25 years from receiving the property in their divorce Earl Ray Jones, a fifty-two year ...View More
Clint Eastwood Separates From Wife After 17 Years
Clint Eastwood Separates From Wife After 17 Years Clint Eastwood and his wife Dina have separated after 17 years of marriage. Initially Dina wanted to ...View More
Amnesty for Delinqent Child Support Payers
In Durham County, the Social Services department held a special amnesty day to give non-custodial parents a chance to stop running and hiding from the ...View More
Biggest Loser Contestants File for Divorce
Biggest Loser Contestants File for Divorce Biggest Loser contestants Sam Poueu and Stephanie Anderson are in the process of getting divorced only two ...View More
POTUS Encouraging Fatherhood
Encouraging Fatherhood "And we'll work to strengthen families by removing the financial deterrents to marriage for low- income couples and do more to ...View More
Athletes Lose Big In Their Divorces
Lifestyles of the rich and famous aren't always so glamorous. It turns out there's a lot of truth to the saying, "more money, more problems." Here are ...View More
Changes to How Maintenance and Child Support is Determined
Changes to How Maintenance and Child Support is Determined There are significant changes taking place in Family Law cases including maintenance ...View More


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Image Credits: Stock Image
"Women are hard to understand," this is the sort of cliche we kept on hearing while growing up and almost every other person believes the veracity of this argument. There are certain things which are linked to the upbringing of a person, the 'nature vs nurture' is something which affects a lot of people both in positive and negative ways. You are average of 5 people with whom you spent your most time.
You might be wondering that why all of a sudden we're talking about 'nature and nurture' along with their collective effect on the personality of a person. Well, personalities play a vital role in any relationship, call it of a mother, father or wife. This woman was being asked out for a date and she said no expecting that the guy might ask her with more passion.
This guy invited the girl on a date and tried all his best moves to win her heart. She said no, and he moved on after learning her response. The girl didn't like the response of the guy as she wanted him to try harder. This particular story developed when the same girl asked the internet its opinions on a Q&A website, Quora.
A dude on the Q&A website felt bad for the question and he tried to give a reality check to the girl asking such weird questions.
After learning the experience of the girl and knowing about the awkward ideology which she held regarding the boy who asked her for a date, the internet started sharing its own experience, in the matter.
The people were angry over such incidents in which woman demand more than required and decline someone just for sake of checking out the commitment. The general suggestion was to take such things like a gentleman and move on with the life.
Some guy suggested that a 'No' must be taken as a 'No' and it must be respected. The dude who didn't ask the woman further for a date was actually respecting her values and according to him forcing her more would have been a wrong thing.


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Arrow aligns the needs of SMEs with Newcastle University's people, skills and funding.
In line with our 'Smart Specialisation' areas, Arrow's target sectors are:
Arrow aims to translate University research and innovation projects into operational business innovation programmes and services. Arrow will simplify the process for SMEs to engage with the University, and in doing so will increase regional SME engagement with research and innovation activities with the University.


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Many people are looking for an engineering career while having an edge to the creativity inside. One can have a career in engineering while keeping the artist inside of them active. The best option for such people is to shape a career with VLSI.
VLSI Engineer is about the science and art of designing complex and large electronic systems on a chip which is usually very small. A physical design engineer has to design a circuit while keeping in mind the geometric designs for the printing to be as intricate as possible on silicon. It also requires one to have the best engineering skills to implement the designs
Skills and challenges faced by VLSI Design Engineers:
In order to verify a VLSI physical design Engineer, it is important to get the performance as well as the functionality of the design, keeping in view the specifications that one is looking for. There is a verification Engineer who needs to design and create an environment which is suitable for verifying the design often referred to as verification environment. The verification environment is supposed to mimic and act like a real-world scenario to carefully analyze the design which is also known as Verification Intellectual Property (VIP) for every design which is under rest and is capable of capturing the failure models of the design.
There are two different types of verification processes used for the same. They are as under:
1. Functional Verification of the system: It is important to analyze and examine if the design is as according to the specification and it is very important to test if the design is able to do what it is designed to do ( as per the requirement ).
2. Verification of the timing: There is a specific clock time which is kept, and it is important to see if the design is fast enough to run without showing any error at which the clock is targeted. Static Timing Analysis (STA) is a method which is used to compute the expected time of a digital circuit without having to require the stimulation.
3. Dynamic Timing Stimulation of the system: It is referred to as the verification of the ASCI system to be fast enough to run in a specific time frame without generating any error. All of this is accomplished by the stimulation of the design used in the synthetization of the Integrated Circuit. This testing is in contrast with the static timing analyzer which has a very similar goal except that it does not require the real functionality of the Integrated Circuit.
One of the major challenges of the VLSI Engineer is that they can seldom be wrong and have a choice of being incorrect after investing so much of money in fabrication, designing and testing which sometimes go to certain billion USD. An error generated after completing a design can cost the entire organization a lot of money which keep no room for a VLSI Engineer to make a mistake.


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Composition: Main: 100% Viscose; Lining: 100% Silk
Reference: R-W-20U-11-P202-VV04-922
We offer complimentary express shipping. In some regions we offer a variety of shipping options. These will be made available to you during checkout should they be available.
We ship to 54 locations including Duties & Taxes, however if your are situated outside of these 54 locations, you will be required to pay duties and taxes on your product. For further information please refer to our Terms & Conditions.
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Please note, at this time online purchases will not be accepted if returned to a Ralph & Russo boutique. All online returns must be processed via the method outlined above.


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Addiction runs pretty deep in my family. I'm surprised I wasn't born with a bottle in my left hand, a meth pipe in my right, and a cigarette behind my ear.
So it's not a shocker I'm either on or thinking about technology twenty four hours a day. I suppose it's better than inventing a creative way to kill myself or worrying that the slight ache in my calf is a blood clot or the thumping behind my eyes is a brain tumor. I don't even like typing this shit.
Technology is a good escape. I find connections with technology more satisfying than connections with people. If I'm on my desktop, I need to have my phone playing a video on YouTube as background noise to drown out my wandering thoughts. It's like I never stop thinking. As good as it is for school, it sucks ass when I'm trying to relax. I don't even know the definition of relax. My shoulders are always tense, my teeth are always clenched, my muscles are always twitching.
I wish I could be comfortable in my mind, but I can't. And now that my moods fallen south all I can look forward to is the berating little voices in my head. Maybe it's wrong to want to hear degrading comments about yourself, but it's what i'm familiar with, it's what lulls me to sleep at night, it's one of life's bittersweet pleasures.
I don't hear voices externally, I just recognize them as the little people in my head. Well . . .little person. I always see a woman with straight hair and an angry face and she's the one shouting insults at me all the time. She doesn't sound like me, or look like me but she comes around when I'm depressed to make sure I stay depressed. My own thoughts are drowned by the volume of hers and it only gets worse at night when I'm tired. To her, I'm a fake, a piece of shit, a fucking this, a fucking that, a failure, a bunch of things I already knew about. She's only echoing my thoughts, I know, but these are the moments I feel myself cowering in the back corners of my mind waiting for someone to save me. I'm sick of saving myself because I always end up in the same situation.
To think, all this triggered by a few simple words in a phone conversation, words that weren't even offensive.
I try to be positive for other people's sake but it's not always feasible.
Healing is a road, not a destination. And I think I've sunk into another pot hole from hell.


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Notes: The Blowhole Trek extends the Blowhole Walk (above) with its secluded water channel tracks and gold workings. Added is a lengthy ridge line path that affords great views to the north and Mt Franklin (Lalgambook), a prominent landmark and extinct volcano. The return leg through open Box forest has elevated views back into Daylesford and Wombat hill and concludes with a walk above the Sailors Creek gorge and the Blowhole itself, an iconic creation from distant mining days.
This is a walk of much variety that showcases natures resilience.


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» Animated
» Complexity
» Compression
» Computational Algebra
» Computational Geometry
» Cryptography
» Digital Signal Processing
» Genetic
» Numerical Analysis
» Pseudorandom Numbers
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The Silent Patient by: Alex Michaelides
This was Goodreads 2019 Mystery & Thriller winner! I reviewed this one on my blog earlier this year, which you can check out here.
The One by: John Marrs
Amazon is having a deal on the Kindle version of this novel at the time of posting.
This book took me for one heck of a roller coaster ride! Each chapter revealed a plot twist that I didn't see coming and kept me hooked till the very end! To see my review, click here.
A Stranger on the Beach by: Michele Campbell
I ended up reading this book in one sitting! The author alternates between two points of view: Caroline and Aidan. The readers are left wondering whose side to defend through the entire course of events, but will have them questioning their own judgments when the ending is revealed. My full review can be found by clicking here.
Horns by: Joe Hill
Amazon is having a deal on the paperback version at the time of posting.
This was my first read by Joe Hill, the son of Stephen King, and it has become one of my favorites of all time. I can't put into words how much I loved this book!
We're Going to Need More Wine by Gabrielle Union
This is the only celebrity memoir that I have read this year to receive a five star rating by me. Union's style of writing makes readers feel like they are sitting across the table from her the entire course of the book!
After the Eclipse by Sarah Perry
Amazon is having a deal on the paperback and Kindle versions of this novel at the time of posting.
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A Mother's Reckoning by: Sue Klebold
Sue Klebold is the mother of Dylan Klebold, one half of the Columbine shooting duo. The author tells her story of events leading up to and after the shooting with the help of diary entries. This is one readers won't want to miss out on; I reviewed this one on my blog earlier this year, which can be found here.
This was the last five star read of 2019 for me and it happened as the year was wrapping up. You can read my full thoughts on this one by reading my review.


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Britain's membership in the EU is very high on the agenda in current affairs and has the potential to significantly change current legislation with reference to Employee rights. This was directly highlighted in the article I came across "Why Brexit would be a disaster for your employment rights."
It states the following points when considering a future outside the EU:
No statutory right to paid holiday
No legal limit on the number of hours employees can be required to work
No right to a daily rest period
No laws to prevent employers discriminating against workers who are disabled or who have particular religious beliefs
No right for employees to take time off work to look after a sick child.
Now the article clearly takes a very one side stance, taking the view that those looking to leave the EU have one motive for doing so; "to take employment rights away from workers." This doesn't paint a very positive picture for doing so looking from the employee's perspective, however for the employer there are some clear benefits to having greater control.
In terms of business legislation this will potentially mark the beginning of some very significant changes, empowering the British government to enforce their own rules without the restrictions the EU currently enforces on them. However a conservative government that looks to enforce rapid, radical changes definitely runs the risk of not being re-elected, so employees need not have totally sleepless nights.
So how does this apply to us here at Thinking Software?
Whatever the outcome with reference to Britain's membership to the EU, the news puts the management of employees and their entitlements to the forefront of everyone's minds. Whether this is being conscious of any future change and planning its management or looking for ways to manage these more effectively under the current legislation.
This is where our Workforce Management and Time & Attendance solution Rota Horizon, can be the perfect tool to assist you in ensuring the majority of these aspects with optimum efficiency. Just referring to the bullet points covered above, Rota Horizon has the functionality to assist any organisation to cover these aspects.
Record holidays, sickness and other absence
So with reference to the first point; "No statutory right to paid holiday," Rota Horizon covers holiday as a whole extensively. As well as collecting and using attendance data you can also record when your employees aren't at work, and do the following:
Manage holiday entitlement and plan annual leave
Monitor sick days and calculate Bradford Factor scores
Record other absence reasons that you can define in the system
The second point refers to the Working Time Directive by which employees can opt in to advise they don't want to exceed 48 hours in a working week. This can be applied to an individual's contract rules ensuring they are not rostered to exceed this number of hours. You can also produce reports to understand exactly what hours an employee has worked against their contracted hours to ensure that an organisation remains compliant.
From a Time & Attendance perspective Rota horizon can do considerably more as well:
Calculate employee work and overtime hours
Manage your company flexi-time scheme
Monitor lateness, absence and break times
Record lieu hours
Within an employee's contract rules you can also specify enforced breaks of any duration, to the point that you can even specify a minimum break in-between two separate shifts if that is appropriate to your organisation.
So if you believe that your organisation could benefit from a Time & Attendance solution then please do call us on 0800 854 471. At this stage we appreciate that this may well be very much an exploratory conversation to learn more about the software which we very much welcome. Please also feel free to request a software web demonstration by clicking here and providing the details requested.
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Everything about Mark Fawzy, from his taut muscles to his overall demeanour and energy, screams CrossFit. It's difficult to picture him ever doing anything as mundane as finance or branding. Those experiences would, however, prove invaluable when a wet logbook inspired Fawzy to launch BoxChamp – an app designed to bring together fitness centres and their members.
We recently got the chance to sit down with Fawzy and talk about the BoxChamp journey, using technology to allow businesses to focus on what they're good at, and going international.
A B.Com., BOS, and entering 'the box'
Looking at Fawzy's early career, there was little to indicate that he would come to be an entrepreneur in the fitness tech space.
After completing a Bachelor of Commerce (B. Com), Fawzy studied marketing at renowned Cape Town advertising school, Red & Yellow. After a year-and-a-half in media, he joined the founding team at BOS Ice Tea, a soft drink company based in Cape Town which has expanded into international markets and counts former Manchester United manager Sir Alex Fergusson among its investors. According to Fawzy, this experience was "awesome", because "it was a new brand and sparked a whole load of passion in building something from the ground up".
From there, he returned to his roots, going back into finance. Around the same time, he got into CrossFit, the branded fitness regimen created in the late 1990s and which has exploded in popularity over the past decade.
A dedicated follower of the discipline, Fawzy always carried a logbook with him to workouts, marking his progress. After his book got wet one day, he tried to find an app that would allow him to properly log his scores.
Coming away frustrated, he decided to go down the path taken by so many entrepreneurs before him and build the solution he always wanted.
The birth of BoxChamp
Reasoning that if he wanted an app that allowed him to manage and track his progress, others would too, Fawzy launched BoxChamp. Applying his financial nous, however, he realised that it would take more than that to turn the app into a viable business.
From a gym member point of view, the app also includes the ability to book classes, a virtual whiteboard with a live feed of athlete performances as they're logged, and a nutrition log which lets you keep track of what you eat and drink throughout the day.
The gyms themselves meanwhile can manage and track their athletes, get attendance reports, and even accept payments through the platform.
Including those features was not, however, just the result of business savvy. Fawzy and his team put "a whole lot of research and development" into the app. "I spoke to quite a lot of people in the industry and made some connections," Fawzy told us, "and through networking, I met a lot of the most influential people in CrossFit in South Africa and I got their backing and their buy-in for the concept".
"What started out as just a performance tracking platform, has now morphed into a full on one stop shop, all-in-one business management solution for fitness facilities," he said.
The business of business
The features aimed at the gyms were a particular masterstroke. They were a recognition that most gym owners (like all business people) would rather not have to do all the admin necessary to do the thing they love.
"Gym owners are inherently, in general, not really business people," Fawzy told us. "They're passionate about coaching, passionate about fitness, but when it comes to the business side, they don't really have time for the admin. There's a lot of admin tasks that we take off their hands and simplify so that they can do what they're actually passionate about".
That can actually be to the benefit of the business too. "The whole idea is actually building better fitness businesses, which ends up resulting in better coaching, more fit people, and more active people," Fawzy said.
An international future
While Fawzy told us that the BoxChamp team will continue building features onto the app, he said that the focus right now is on increasing its international presence.
That's more complicated than it seems. For one, you have to integrate payment gateways to facilitate payments all over the world for things like gym memberships and merchandise.
BoxChamp is also, however, looking for big brand partnerships. It's already inked a deal with Reebok – sponsor of the CrossFit Games – which it's trying to solidify. Part of that, Fawzy told us, includes "gamifying the platform to engage people more with their brand".
Coming from South Africa, which has a comparatively weak currency, Fawzy believes BoxChamp has a clear advantage over the competition.
"Overseas, we've got a major cost advantage, that's one of the things that puts us ahead of our competition," Fawzy said. "With the South African Rand and with the cost of resources in South Africa, we are able to provide the product at a competitive price point internationally".
It's not just about favourable exchange rates though:
"Because we're also a bit smaller than established international platforms, we're more agile," he told us. "So we can see what everyone's doing and we can adapt at the moment to see what gaps they aren't filling, what the deal breakers are, and what's going to make a difference internationally".
From niche to mainstream
BoxChamp isn't just looking to expand internationally though, it's also moving beyond the CrossFit niche it originally filled.
While Fawzy acknowledges that focusing on a niche was initially very important, he does believe that there's room for BoxChamp in other verticals.
"I think it was great to go quite deep into one category and do it well and I think that we'll still remain with a focus on CrossFit," he told us, "because we also form a bond with the CrossFit gym owner to show them that we actually provide something that's specific to their needs".
In saying that, he added, "we also identify that there are other verticals that need our product and would be more than happy to use it".
It's already started happening too, with BoxChamp having inked deals with South African boxing gym Fight Club and electro muscle stimulation (EMS) outfit Body20.
"The runnings of a CrossFit gym, as opposed to the runnings of a Yoga studio as opposed to a boxing gym or a functional fitness studio are very much the same across the board," Fawzy told us.
Passion and purpose
While Fawzy's business acumen is clear, what shines through most visibly when interviewing him is his passion for his chosen path. He genuinely believes that BoxChamp can help address some of the misconceptions around CrossFit, by enabling gym owners to do their jobs better, in turn creating better athletes.
"The better a business is, as a gym, the more people will join, and the more active people will be." he told us.
His ultimate hope for those athletes? That they'll focus more on improving themselves than on the competition.
That's something wholly in line with his understanding of the CrossFit movement.
"CrossFit made fitness measurable in so many ways," he told us. "So every time you log a score, the following time you do that exercise, you remember exactly what you did and you beat that score and that's how we see progress".
"It's a lot of competitiveness amongst peer groups, but it's also just focusing on yourself, on progress in your own performance".


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There are 3 payment options for the Fusion Fest 2019 intensives. Please read the following closely:
* Choose your plan carefully. We cannot change/alter your choices.* If you are unable to attend, we recommended you sell your spot and notify us.
* Spots are very limited. We will notify the public when spaces are filled.
* Please go to "Discount Packages" or "Individual Workshops" to register for multiple ala carte workshops. Intensives are NOT included in Discount Packages.
If opting for the payment plan, the Payment schedule is as follows:
Payment 1 due April 30
Payment 2 due May 31
* There are absolutely no refunds once your first payment has been made.
* If you do not complete your payment plan, or your payment is late, your spot will be surrendered, and any previous payments will be a donation to Fusion Fest.


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AROMATHERAPY OILS AND GOOD HEALTH Traditional healers, nutritionists and yogi use nature to help guide you to good health. Connecting to the water element for example, through aromatherapy essential oils is easy since our bodies are predominantly made of fluid. Our water aromatherapy oil can help you connect, balance and evoke the water element in your life for better health.
YOU DESERVE NATURAL, PURE OILS. For example, fire is often related to purification, so it's natural that you would want to balance your fire element with a pure, wholesome oil blend. Our unique blend is made with pure essential oils, free of synthetic additives. We blend each bottle by hand to preserve its character, and we protect the oil's long-term quality by packaging it in amber glass bottles that prevent spoilage.
YOGA, MEDITATION AND CHAKRA BALANCING We've selected essential oils that will help you in any of those pursuits. Our oils contain Cedarwood, Clove, Cypress, Dill, Frankincense, Ginger, Jasmine, Lavender, Lemon, Lemongrass, Neroli, Nutmeg, Oregano, Palmarosa, Patchouli, Petitgrain, Rosemary, Rosewood and Ylang-Ylang essential oils.
MADE IN THE UK We honour the nature and the elements when we create our aromatherapy oils, blending each bottle locally in the UK, using the best ingredients. Blended Valley aroma oils can be used in many different applications: placed on salt lamps or fragrance lamps, charms, healing stones, crystals, yoga mats or cushions, or even used in candle or soap making.


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Enjoy the comforts of home and live like a local while you're on the road. Whether you're staying in Amsterdam for work, a congress or other business related activities, Short Stay apartments are an excellent and more comfortable alternative to hotels.
We have listed our most comfortable and convenient apartments for business travellers and expats below, to make your search for accommodation as stress-free as possible. We are looking forward to welcoming you soon in the world's cosiest capital!
Rijksmuseum View
Jordaan Laurier
Jordaan Noordermarkt
Dapper Market
Or take a 3D tour:
Yays is an innovative travel and stay concept offering concierged boutique apartments in historical buildings, restored with respect for the neighbourhood and hosted by staff recruited from the direct area. Yays buildings are located in charming neighbourhoods you won't find on the tourist maps, where guests can truly experience what it's like to live like a resident.
Find out more by clicking on the name of the building or explore in 3D:


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E3S Web Conf.
Volume 73, 2018The 3rd International Conference on Energy, Environmental and Information System (ICENIS 2018)
|Article Number
|Number of page(s)
|Environment, Infrastructure Development, Culture and Society
|Published online
|21 December 2018
Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Reduction by Using Organic Fertilizer in Boyolali Regency
1 Master Program of Environmental Science, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Semarang - Indonesia
2 Doctoral Program of Environmental Science, School of Postgraduate, Diponegoro University, Semarang - Indonesia
Agriculture contributes approximately 14% of greenhouse gases at global scale and 7% at national level. Fertilizer using urea is one of agriculture's activities that produces greenhouse gases. Indonesian government's commitment to reduce greenhouse emission by 26% in 2020 by establishing Rencana Aksi Nasional (National Action Plan) reducing greenhouse gases. In this National Act Plan, agricultural sector is obligated to reduce gas emission by 8 Gg CO2e. This research aims to calculate greenhouse gas emission that is being produced by the using urea fertilizer in Boyolali Regency, as well as its mitigation plan. The result shows that the using organic fertilizer as the substitute of urea fertilizer can reduce greenhouse gas emission. The emission of greenhouse gas from using urea fertilizer in Boyolali Regency in the form of CO2 was 18,386 tons CO2, and in the form of N2O was 42,956 tons CO2e. Meanwhile, the greenhouse gas emission from using organic fertilizer was only in the form of N2O as much as 48,575 tons CO2e. Overall, the use of organic fertilizer can reduce greenhouse gas emission by 12,768 CO2e.
Key words: Agriculture / Urea Fertilizer / Greenhouse Gas
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2018
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.


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Whether you pick the regular or the dual over whole bunkbed plan, it is essential that you pick a good wood for your framework and make sure that all the specifications inside the plans are stringently and religiously executed. The appropriate bed plans would specify in information precisely what screws, fixtures in addition to various other hardware to make use of to ensure the durability and strength.
Nightstands have been a classic part of bedroom furniture for generations. Nightstands are available in numerous designs and product; choose one that matches the overall decoration of the bedroom. A casual wooden Country style nightstand is ideal if you want to provide your bedroom an unwinded appearance.
Moving in to a brand-new house or remodeling your space suggests disposing of the contents of the old bedroom sets and purchasing a brand-new one. As in addition to your prior getting experience, it'll take some time and effort to obtain the most effective bedroom sets and bed sets that suits your desires and lifestyles. Go with sets that mix functionality and design. A standard bedroom set sold inside the industry is composed of a bed, a headboard and two nightstands. You'll have the ability to pick to purchase the products individually however it is better to purchase these products together to conserve the cost given that it can be lower after you invest in the three together as a set in contrast to the specific piece and you get to conserve the delivery expense too. These bedroom sets can either have the antique, the modern and eclectic designs which you'll have the ability to utilize relies on the theme you've got in mind for your bedroom and for your entire house too. Do not forget to include the bed sets too in searching for given that it's visiting influence the total effect of the design you might have.
Considering that Asian design modern beds give off an Asian, Zen kind feel of their own, this calming impact can get lost in the sea of clutter that most of us have in our personals. While it may be hard for the majority of Westerners to achieve, you will require to dispel all clutter from your bedroom in order to experience true Asian design.
The area close to your head need to be unique although you rest. Be conscious of something hanging about your head as you rest … most feng shui authorities suggest towards getting huge objects hanging in extra of a bed, and are specifically worried about something sharp. Even if it is simply a whisp of a trouble, even a subconcious problem, that's adequate to disrupt the finish quality of your rest.
They are offered or supplied as bedding sets additionally comprising an entire variety of bed linens like bed sheets, pillow cases, bed covers, bed coverlets, quilts or duvets and so on. You can additionally go for specific coverlet as well but it must thoroughly chosen so as to suit with the room's decor and other bed sets.
Various other kinds of mattresses like the traditional innerspring, memory foam, visco-elastic are substantially different from the Talalay latex mattresses. Mattresses are of utmost relevance due to the fact that 1/3 of our lives is invested on our beds. Bear in mind, there is no single kind of mattress that suits everybody. Each one of us has our own preference when it concerns selecting the right sleeping tool. Some like the spring coils while others sleep better in foam versions. A latex mattress can be categorized under foam mattresses however it provides a different and one-of-a-kind sleeping experience compared with other mattresses under the foam category. Latex mattresses have spring backs which are operating actively if youre asleep. If you alter positions during sleep, the latex will act upon it right away to use the correct support to your bodys new place. Memory foam features like this as well, its reaction is slower. As an outcome, prior to this mattress can adjust and satisfy your bodys new position, your sleep may already be interrupted.
If you're making an infant quilt for a pregnant couple it is finest if you choose colors which are either neutral or bold, however do not stay with one widespread color such as blue or pink. A lot of couples will not tell others the sex of their infant until it is born so trying to keep away from pink and blue is a good option.


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Tom Brake, MP for Carshalton and Wallington, is calling for all cash machines to display clear signs as to whether they are free to use or not. This would enable consumers to see at a glance whether a cash machine charges. Almost half the UK's cash machines now charge a fee, typically around £1.50, for withdrawals. In total, the public will pay around £200m this year to withdraw their hard earned cash.
Tom Brake is supporting a new campaign to protect the charge-free cash machine network and to ensure transparency for consumers. Five years ago virtually all cash machines in the UK were free. But today, nearly every other machine charges a fee. According to a report by Nationwide Building Society, consumers have paid more than £175 million this year already in unnecessary charges for accessing their own money. Next year, they will pay over £250 million.
Tom Brake MP said:
"I support the principle that consumers should be able to see at a glance whether or not a cash machine will charge them.
I am concerned about the trend towards charging and will be working to ensure that a charge-free ATM network is available for every person who does not want, or cannot afford, to pay to access their money."
Printed (hosted) by Prater Raines Ltd, 98 Sandgate High Street, Folkestone CT20 3BY
Published and promoted by Tom Brake MP, Kennedy House, 5 Nightingale Road, Carshalton, Surrey SM5 2DN
The views expressed are those of the publisher, not of the service provider.
Website designed and developed by Prater Raines Ltd


text: There are moments that both define and change the trajectory of our lives. For Martha Smith-Blackmore, DVM, it was the moment she laid eyes on Puppy Doe. As a shelter veterinarian, Smith-Blackmore had seen her share of neglect and abuse, but nothing prepared her for the cruelty she witnessed in 2013, when she was askedRead More


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I want to tell you about my vice that almost crushed my practice.
This is difficult to talk about, but every therapist has one. A vice that leads you astray from your private practice and into a shadow that few people know about.
For some therapists, it's a very obvious destructive path of alcohol or drug addiction. For others, it can be marital affairs or sexual addictions. Maybe for you, it's a less obvious vice such as playing too many video games or co-dependency on a partner.
The majority of therapists I know discover that their vice is relying on others for financial security even when it no longer aligns with their heart.
They have a difficult time having a self-reliant relationship to money which is necessary for a private practice. This is a big way therapists lose their autonomy around money and become enslaved to it.
There are too many vices to list, but we all have one.
As therapists, we are expected to be superhuman in some way. Our communities project that we have achieved a perfected life and we always impart a saintly wisdom.
Unfortunately, it's not true and never will be. You are human just like me. You have a vice just like me. And the only difference between an evolved therapist and a completely destructive one is to recognize your vice and work at transforming it.
My vice was very destructive to my practice at one time.
It seemed benign to my friends and family, but in fact it was quite a crushing force.
I relied on watching movies when I needed a distraction from my life. The problem was, there were periods of time where I could watch two to three movies a day. I would completely stop all of my marketing efforts and just do the bare minimum for my practice.
So, even a somewhat innocuous habit of movie watching turned out to threaten the very existence of my private practice.
I'm embarrassed about my movie watching vice. It's not easy to write about. It can take over my life just like any other addiction. I can spend days or weeks or in this case months doing my minimal responsibilities.
When I was confronted by the reality that I would never create a full-time, full fee practice without dealing with my movie watching habit, I honestly didn't know if I wanted to give it up at the time.
I was still in my early thirties and although I was somewhat ambitious, I was a bit disempowered around my dreams for the future.
But after years of struggle I came to a crossroads. I was about thirty-four. After months of movie watching my practice suffered big time. My client loads were dropping and I was back to living month to month financially.
I had to hit a low in my own way in order to recognize my demons. My once stable client load of twenty-five people a week dropped down to about ten a week.
Well, that motivated me. I finally realized I never wanted to live paycheck to paycheck again because of my vices.
I want to reiterate this statement…I finally realized I never wanted to live paycheck to paycheck because of my vices.
It was like the big lightbulb in my head went off. I saw how out-of-control I was in relationship to my career and money. It was all because I was unwilling to deal with this movie watching addiction that kept me distracted from the things that mattered most.
This was the turning point in my practice. So,the first thing I did was I decided to take the middle road.
I gave myself permission to watch a movie every couple of days, but also had a strict boundary around going beyond that.
Once I made this change, I slowly got back to a full-time practice but ever since then I stayed there indefinitely.
Looking back on it, I realize now this is the journey of the entrepreneur. You must prioritize facing your demons, because they will find a way into your business just like any other part of your life.
The entrepreneurial road taught me a major lesson.
My vices will destroy my business if I allow them to run it. When they come full-steam ahead, I need to recognize they are back, give them a little space and then grab the reins and take charge from an empowered place.
This discovery isn't really new. It's something every entrepreneur has to work. And it really boils down to a few simply steps in order to succeed:
- Recognize your vices
- Give them a little space
- Assert yourself as quickly as possible so they don't run the show
- But never pretend you don't have any or they will always run the show
I know this sounds simplistic. But it works. If your vices are in charge you are always swimming upstream. But you can take your practice back. You just need to make it your top priority and you are bound to be successful.
Don't forget to sign up for our free live training for August 5th on How to Double Your Therapy Practice in Three Months by clicking this link!
Keith Kurlander
Latest posts by Keith Kurlander (see all)
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- 7 Attributes of a Mindful Marketer and Why It's Essential In Private Practice - June 14, 2017
- Why Therapists Lose Thousands Every Year on Prospective Clients - May 24, 2017