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"When Militias Provide Welfare: Lessons from Pakistan and Nigeria." With Yelena Biberman, Political Science Quarterly 133(4): 695-727.
Militias are often noted and studied for their violent behavior towards civilians. Still underexplored and poorly understood is their provision of welfare to local communities. Why do some militias provide welfare while others do not? We argue that the timing of access to material resources plays an important role in the militia's willingness and capacity to provide welfare. While wealthy militias lack the incentives and poor militias lack the capacity to provide public goods, "nouveau riche" militias – which begin poor and acquire wealth later on – are most likely to provide welfare. The empirical implications of the argument are explored with a structured comparison of six militias in Pakistan and Nigeria. Our findings help to illuminate the broad range of militia behavior and bridge three burgeoning literatures – on militias, non-state welfare, and insurgent behavior in civil war.
"Democracy, State-Building, and Armed Groups in Africa." (Revise and resubmit with International Security)
A long line of scholarship suggests that multi-party elections create strong incentives for governments to collude with armed groups in order to win elections with violence and intimidation, weakening the state's grip on violence in the process. Yet while elected governments collude with armed actors in some places and times, elsewhere they repress them and strengthen the state's control over violence. What explains government strategies toward armed actors in democratic regimes? I argue that elected executives' institutional control and the popularity of armed groups shed light on when governments (covertly) collude with, tolerate, or repress these actors. Evidence for the argument is drawn from case studies from Nigeria and Kenya. The paper makes two contributions. First, it offers a typology of government strategies toward armed actors. Second, it explains these strategies in two African democracies, advancing our understanding of the impact of democracy on the consolidation of state authority.
"Armed Groups and Electoral Violence in Africa." (Working paper)
Collusion between ruling parties and armed groups is an important driver of election related violence, yet existing explanations of the conditions under which ruling parties use armed groups to rig elections with violence, intimidation, and fraud are limited. To improve our understanding of this phenomenon, I examine a range of ruling party strategies toward armed groups, including overt and covert collusion, forbearance, and repression. I find that a strong and united opposition coalition incentivizes ruling parties to collude with armed groups. Whether they do so overtly or covertly depends on the armed group's support base. The argument is supported with comparative case studies from Nigeria and Kenya. I study how a former governor of Rivers State in the Niger Delta region tolerated the militant leader Asari Dokubo and the Ijaw Youth Council beginning in 1999 before shifting to overt collusion in mid-2001. In Kenya, I examine President Moi's heavy repression of Mungiki for a decade before transitioning to covert collusion in 2002. The findings add to a growing literature on the drivers and dynamics of electoral violence.
"State-Building, Vigilantism, and Political Participation." (Working paper)
Vigilante groups are often pointed to as evidence of weak and ineffective states, yet they can also be important sites of collective action and citizen mobilization. This paper studies the effects of vigilantism on political participation. I argue that relying on a vigilante group for security increases the likelihood of individual participation in community demonstrations and contacting local government officials. To support this argument, I use 2011 Afrobarometer survey data and comparative case studies. I compare Nairobi slums under Mungiki control to those outside of it, and those under control of the O'odua People's Congress in Lagos to those which are not. Together, the quantitative and qualitative data show that those living under armed group authority have higher rates of political participation. The findings add to a growing literature on political participation in emerging democracies and raise important questions about the relationship between state capacity, state legitimacy, and political participation.
When Do Armed Groups Refuse to Carry Out Electoral Violence? (Working paper)
Recent studies have found that collusion between politicians and armed groups is a common form of election violence. Yet while armed groups carry out electoral violence for politicians in some places, elsewhere they turn down their overtures. This paper adds to a growing literature on election-related violence by asking: when do armed groups refuse to carry out electoral violence for politicians? While allying with politicians can infuse armed groups with money, weapons, and political cover, these alliances also expose armed groups to co-optation and the loss of autonomy. I find that armed groups divided by internal factions are more likely to collude with politicians than those which are not. Leaders of internal factions accept money and arms from politicians to try to eliminate their competitors, signal their superior resources and rally group members to their side, and in exchange, carry out electoral violence for their backers. As internal disputes are resolved through the victory of one faction over another or organizational splits, armed groups break their alliances with politicians. The paper draws on comparative case studies from Nigeria: the Ijaw Youth Council in Rivers State, the National Union of Road Transport Workers in Oyo State, and the O'odua People's Congress in Lagos State. Evidence includes local news media and NGO reports, election observation reports, a rich anthropological literature, and semi-structured interviews conducted during fieldwork. The findings advance our understanding of patterns of election-related violence.
"Government-Armed Group Relations as a Typology of Political Orders." (Working paper)
The existing literature on political violence overwhelmingly conceptualizes armed groups according to their relationship with the state. Moreover, these alignments are largely thought of as fixed. Yet government-armed group alignments are remarkably dynamic. Today's anti-government warlords can become tomorrow's pro-government militias and vice versa. This article seeks to re-orient current thinking on armed groups as pro- or anti-government by presenting a novel typology that includes a wide range of government-armed group relations. Drawing on examples from Africa, Central and South Asia, Eastern Europe, and Latin America, I describe five distinct types: open alliances, covert alliances, mutual toleration, "frenemies," and armed conflict. I then show how these five types of alignment constitute distinct political (dis)orders that shape local political, economic, and social life. The conclusion discusses the implications of this typology for research on state-building, political order, and armed politics.


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In order to provide the best experience for you class sizes are limited. Once you have selected the best class, date and time please email me to reserve your place.
Complete the online registration form prior to class. Also, please bring your dogs current shot records. Payment of cash or check is expected the first class meeting.
No dog will be allowed in class without proof of vaccinations.
Aberdeen Location: Monday/Tuesday/Thursday Classes
Hightstown Location: Thursday/Friday/Saturday Classes

subset: commoncrawl


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Email Interview Invitation Example
Ford 250 Wiring Diagram - 240 Volt Wiring Diagram – Switching current (AC / changing current) is an electric current where the magnitude and direction of the existing changes alternately. diagram 240 Volt Plug Wiring Diagram In comparison to direct current wherever the current flowing does not change with time.. 240v Light Wiring Diagram . 4 wire 240v wiring 240v single phase wiring 220 volt sub panel diagram 240v thermostat wiring 240v circuit diagram 240v breaker wiring diagram home circuit breaker panel diagram light 240v panel wiring diagram 12.17.22.jacobwinterstein.com. 3 wire 240 volt range wiring diagram 283 chevy engine diagram aprilia sr 50 wiring diagram 1970 cuda engine wiring diagram 2012 nissan juke fuse box multiple light switch wiring diagrams 2005 pontiac sunfire fuse box diagram 1991 toyota pickup 22re wiring harness diagram new holland wiring schematic evo x mirror diagram 2006 ford ranger 40 fuse.
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Have a 240v garage heater -it has a 3 wire hook up I have a 7500 running watts champion generator with a 240 volt outlet 4 wire with red white green and black . I want to plug my air compressor with 3 wires white green black 220 volt read more. Kevin. Licensed Electrical Contractor. Diploma. 5,358 satisfied customers. Changing Dryer from 4 wire to 3 wire cord &. Using a 4 wire 240v 30A circuit to power a 2 wire 240v device. Ask Question Asked 2 years, 9 months ago. (2000W and up) are made for 240 volts, needing to connect to L1 and L2. They do not use neutral. Many smaller heaters made for permanent installation are also 240V. US-market small heaters are often 120V. If they are 120V, they have a hot (either L1 or L2, never both) and. 220 volt circuits (AKA 230 volt, or 240 volt) are used to supply power to appliances which draw high currents such as clothes dryers, ranges, ovens, cook-tops, heaters, air conditioners, rotary phase converters, and water heaters. Parts of a 220 Circuit. No matter what appliance you are wiring for, any 220 circuit has three elements:.
How to install a 220 Volt 4 wire outlet - AskmeDIY. How to install a 4 wire outlet 220 volts. A easy to follow instructions by Dominick A. Electrical Outlets Home Electrical Wiring Electrical Installation Electrical Projects House Wiring Electric House Electric Power Electrical Engineering Water Flow. More information. Article by. AskmeDIY.com. 84. Similar ideas. 0:40. More information. More.
Modular Boat Wiring Harness
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Montana Vans Fuse Box
Nuclear Test Explosions - PDF
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Modine Wiring Diagram
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Motion Sensor Wire Diagram
TV Facts JUNE 30 2019 Pages 1 - 44 - Text Version | FlipHTML5
TV Facts JUNE 30 2019 Pages 1 - 44 - Text Version | FlipHTML5


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- Holiday home
- 2 Sleeps
- 1 Bedrooms
- 1 Bathrooms
Holiday cottage with idyllic location. You have direct access to the terrace from the living room adjacent to a forest area. The living room has staircase to the mezzanine with 4 extra beds. There
Choose from a selection of 16 holiday rentals in Ejstrupholm. Use the search form to the left to filter the results and pick your choice of self catering accommodation in Ejstrupholm.
We have a good selection of holiday apartments in Ejstrupholm perfect for family, single, romantic and group holidays.
You may prefer to take a look at our listed holiday villas in Ejstrupholm or holiday apartments in Ejstrupholm. Find your holiday homes by a specific type using the property type drop down in the filter.
Filter the holiday homes in Ejstrupholm by a specific area using the area list above.
Holiday cottage with idyllic location. You have direct access to the terrace from the living room adjacent to a forest area. The living room has staircase to the mezzanine with 4 extra beds. There
This modern cottage is located in picturesque environment. The large rooms are equipped with good beds.
This home is in an enchanting holiday resort in one of the most beautiful landscapes of Jutland.
This bright and well kept holiday home is situated on a large plot, and is a fantastic choice for a relaxing holiday.
This authentic, simply furnished holiday home enjoys beautiful panoramic views of the Lake Rørbæk Sø. Access to the last 200 meters to the house is via a forest path.
This home is ideal if you wish to holiday in a very comfortable fishing area. The house, designed in Scandinavian style with simple and clean lines provides a lot of comfort.
This modern cottage has a pleasant kitchen and dining area. There are three bedrooms, all equipped with double beds.
This holiday home is located in beatiful natural surroundings only 500 meter from the lake "Rørbæk Sø" and the stream "Skjern Å". The whole family can rent canoes, angle and go bathing on a newly cons
This extremely luxurious house is of good quality throughout. Contemporary charm awaits you inside the house, where the holiday spirit will be the focus.
Enjoy your holiday in a beautiful area situated by the Rørbæk Sø River. The beautiful and well-furnished holiday home is an ideal base to discover nature or spend time fishing.
This lovely luxury holiday home is located in a beautiful area in central Jutland, near the Rørbæk lake.


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Due to a combination of newborn colic, severe reflux and a healthy dose of sass I have been blessed with a baby who refuses to be put down, ever. Moses basket, pram, car seat, playmat are all met with screams of indignation and a very tired new mum accepts defeat and resigns herself to another few hours of rocking bub in her arms.
Thankfully the past few weeks have seen us slowly turn a corner (insert all the party emojis here!) so we decided to give the Babybjörn Bouncer Bliss Air a try.
The Babybjörn Bouncer Bliss Air in lavender violet mesh is also part of the BE YOU Collection. Be You is the latest collection from the Babybjörn family. The new Bouncer Bliss range is a cozy place for your baby to play and rest while you get a chance to take a shower or prepare a meal. The baby bouncer rocks gently when babies kick their legs or wave their arms. No batteries needed – the baby bouncer runs on pure fun! Playing in the baby bouncer also helps your baby develop motor skills and balance.
I have to admit I was so surprised by how much my daughter loved it straight away! The bouncer uses the baby's own motion to create rocking – this is perfect for us as I personally didn't want my babe to become dependent on battery powered movement or vibrations. The design is equally as pleasing for someone who isn't a fan of garish baby paraphernalia; the minimalist look means I can have it anywhere in the house without it looking like a playgroup. Well, at least until the toys all come out! Now whenever bub is awake and I need to get things done, I just pop her in the bouncer next to me and (on the whole) she is happy to bob away, it's a whole new world!
The bouncer comes in fully washable cotton or mesh in several tasteful colours – we went for the Lavender Violet Mesh from the new Be You Collection, ideal for a sicky baby as the fabric washes and dries super quickly. It can also be used up to 24 months, which makes it a worthwhile purchase for fast growing babes. There's the option of accessories too; I'm tempted to add one of the toys that fix across the front as my girl is starting to use her hands more now.
For us, this bouncer has been a total game changer. I'm sure any mum who's had a fussy baby will relate to the struggle to put them down, and how having your arms back becomes a distant dream. I honestly didn't expect the Babybjörn Bouncer Bliss Air to make such a difference. It has allowed me a little bit of independence during the days when I'm alone with my bub, and I couldn't be happier with that.
The Babybjorn Bouncer Bliss retails from £135 – visit babybjorn.co.uk for all styles, fabrics and accessories.
Summer holidays are often packed with fun day trips and possibly even a cheeky family getaway or two. With a […]
The Gro Company is thrilled to unveil its highly anticipated collaboration with much-loved British artist, Rob Ryan. Famous for his fantastical […]
Between nappies, bottle feeders, first tooth, games played, 1st birthday, our babies have so many pictures and endless memories! That's […]


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At least 70 percent of retirees will likely need long-term care at some time in their lives. Preparing for this need requires long-term care planning and dealing with some new realities.
The basics about powers of attorney
Prudent estate planning incudes drafting documents and planning for unexpected events besides distribution of property after a person dies. A power of attorney is recommended for the time when a person cannot make financial or medical decisions for themselves. Knowing what this document can do, however, is an important part of this planning.
What estate administrators should know about undue influence
As an administrator of an estate, you have a lot of responsibilities. One of your duties is to represent and protect the estate and decedent against legal challenges. It is important for you to be aware of and prepared for claims of undue influence.
Estate planning for second lives
Estate documents are usually utilized for assuring the proper distribution of funds after a person dies or dealing with issues near the end of their lives. But, there is also reassuring news for those who plan to have their body scientifically frozen for future revival. Estate planning may cover this process, known as cryonics, through the creation of a future income trust, which allows access to assets until a person is ultimately revived and keeps the trust's contents from melting away.
Dealing with rising care costs
Many people should include financing for living in a nursing home in their long-term plans, because 56 percent of Americans between the ages of 57 and 61 will reside in a nursing home during their lives. The rising costs of nursing homes necessitates long term planning.


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All Types of Landscaping.
Most of the times we will receive motivation from outside , take for instance when you come across a properly maintained lawn that moves you to the point that you want to effect some changes to your lawn that is in bad shape.Other times, home owners will have visions for their lawns and they want to improve the value of their house by improving their lawns. With the help of professional landscaping you can bring that lawn to fit the lifestyle that you want to live.
Professional companies that deal in landscaping will deliver designs that could fit your yard and you get to pick what you like. Depending on what your yard to look like some materials will have to be brought in such as concrete of you need a pool, there will be discussions between you and the professional so as to arrive at the perfect additions. Water features are some of the most attractive addition that you could have during a landscaping transformation for your yard. Some projects need to be done one after the other in a step to step manner to style that yard the way you want it so don't expect a day affair when it comes to fixing your yard.
The good thing about these projects is that they can be done to fit the budget of the client so it cannot be said to be too expensive if the professional can work with what the client has. Consultation forums ensure that the designers understand exactly what the client is looking for in a landscaping project. Landscaping that will involve extensive use of vegetation will present you with what type of vegetation you want to use , you could go for privacy such as with trees and some will give you fragrance apart from adding to the beauty of the place. Commercial landscaping also offers a lot of benefits to business owners and this is the reason why enterprise owners need to consider commercial landscaping businesses. Quality landscaping around a premise can increase the number of people willing to rent space in the building. The visual appeal that a well maintained landscape cannot be overlooked because it makes a premise appear as beautiful well.
We cannot forget the environmental benefits that come with having good commercial landscapes and residential as well. The lawn care ensures that the environment is a clean one to begin with. You also get to have cleaner air around the business premise because of the aeration that your plants allow. Landscaping has lesser noise compared to concrete floors hence the reason why businesspeople need to consider commercial landscaping. Once the landscape has been installed you need to ensure that you have a professional lawn care person to help maintain the area.
Lessons Learned from Years with Landscaping


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In case you're missing out on our many articles regarding World of Speed, Slightly Mad Studios and My.com are working together on an arcade style MMO racing title set to change the way you think about team racing. With the drift being just as important as the pole position, your team won't just be striving for first place this time around, but rather look to work together for the greater good. Enjoying a new partnership with Curse Sites on Gamepedia.com, you can now find out everything you want to know about World of Speed and contribute to the knowledge with an all-new Wikipedia style information hub.
With new screenshots and information coming out nearly every week since announcement, this hub is a fantastic portal for those who want to be in the know on World of Speed. While we've been covering the information for months here on PowerLeveled, you'll find a complete compendium of information on the new Gamepedia, even as we continue to cover the title here. Look forward to more information on World of Speed, and if you would like to contribute, feel free to do so on the official Gamepedia pages right now.


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For Dinewithus Exclusive Offers Events & Invites...
 Jonathans has spread over the years into a veritable warren of dining areas and chintzy hotel bits.
Recently re-furbished. the Victorian restaurant is something of a local institution with its intensely-laden decor.
 It's all quite camp but the menu's aspirations are serious enough to give the plastic a good run for its money.
 At the time of writing. the venue was up for sale.
Food: Traditional Fine Dining
Food Serving Times: Mon-Fri 12-2.30 & 6-10.30 Sat 6-10.30
16-26 Wolverhampton Road
Telephone: 0121 429 3757


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there's no helping (something)(redirected from there was no helping it)
there's no helping (something)
Some situation, fact, or piece of information cannot be ignored or avoided. Advocating for renewable energy is important, but there's no helping the fact that the world needs non-renewable energy sources as well. I've been trying to ignore this pain in my chest for over a week now, but there's no helping it: I need to see a doctor.


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Rapper 'Lil Time' is documented and describes himself as being timeless, backed up by his producer, with an intercut concert performance mixing up proceedings. Rip Van Winkle would be proud of that sleeping and whilst this boastful film had a team behind it that knew how to utilise a camera the story was a bit simplistic and the extreme timeframe kind of came out of nowhere.
Lil Time
(1 vote)
Wellington > 09
The Film That Spans More Than 10 Years
Ruth Korver
city manager
Lil' Time is a rapper and the son of Time so he can take as long as he likes to record his album. Once he's finished he has a nap - 1000 years later he wakes up (in a very large puddle of sleep-drool) to find everyone has gone.
It was a funny premise but put together a bit simplistically and the ending felt like a few too many shots of the lead. He had a great head of hair and obviously enjoyed the role.


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Lori Bonn Here Kitty Kitty Bonn Bon
Totally fierce, this jungle silhouette will make you the most stylish and fierce lioness in all of the savannah. Trust us; we ain't lyin'! Created by Designer Lori Bonn, Bonn Bons are a collection of slide charms hand crafted of sterling silver and gemstones.
Get your starter bracelet and stoppers
- Details:
- Stone: Citrine
- Ring Factor: +3


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At the Mind-Eye Institute, we solve problems many don't associate with optometry. From Brain Injury to learning challenges, we bring world-class solutions to Olympic medal winners, university professors, athletes, entertainers, those on the autism-spectrum, and anyone who's tried "everything else." Our international clientele and recognized expertise, patented technology, and unique approaches have been featured in books. We're transforming lives every week. Life is more enjoyable and accessible through our commitment to service. We offer an innovative, high-paced culture where training is a priority, hard work is praised, and career growth is a reality. We are looking for an optometrist to join our team. Your efforts will maximize the doctor's preparedness. You will be part of the gift of "miraculous" results achieved each week for patients from all over the world.
Job Duties:
- Perform eye exams for patients on a daily basis
- Typically, will see between 25-35 patients a day.
- Check for evidence of disease, injury, or other problems impacting vision
- Diagnose sight problems, such as nearsightedness, farsightedness and eye diseases such as glaucoma
- Provide prescriptions for corrective lenses as needed
- Listen to and address patient's questions and concerns
- Educate patients regarding their options
- Analyze results from all tests conducted and share results with patients
- Prescribe eyeglasses, contact lenses and medications when needed
- Provide treatments such as vision therapy or low-vision rehabilitation
- Provide pre and postoperative care to patients undergoing eye surgery – such as examining patient's eyes the day after surgery
- Evaluate patients for presence of diseases such as diabetes and refer patients to other healthcare providers as needed
- Utilize all necessary equipment properly, ensuring it is in good working order
- Coordinate with the rest of the staff as needed to meet patient's' needs
- Check prescription and fit of corrective contact lenses
- Record all tests, prescriptions, and treatments in patient chart
- Promote eye health by counseling patients, including explaining how to clean and wear contact lenses
Skills we seek:
- Doctor of Optometry (O.D.) degree
- Licensed to practice in respective state
- 5-7 years experience in practice
- Open to unique science practices
- Warm, caring attitude
- Organization of time, work flow, paperwork
- Ability to learn, enjoy the challenge of discovering how people can be helped
- Management skills a plus
Salary based on experience.
Benefits partially paid.
Getting In Touch With Us
Want to Join the Mind Eye Institute Team? Apply Today!
Contact Us:
During Business Hours:
Northbrook Clinic Address
1414 Techny Rd,
Northbrook, IL 60062, USA
St Charles Clinic Address
2435 Dean Suite C
St Charles, IL 60175, USA


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« AnteriorContinuar »
birds. In the Swift we find the toes short and stout, and all four directed forwards; the least toe (which should be the hind one) consisting of a single bone, and the other three of only two bones apiece—a peculiar construction, but well adapted for the purposes for which the feet are employed.
This singularity of structure has induced naturalists to consider the Swifts (for there are several species) generically distinct from the Swallows; and the former, therefore, are now placed by common consent in the genus Cypselus, a name adopted from Aristotle, and suggested by Uliger, as indicating the bird's habit of hiding its nest in a hole.
The remarks which have been made upon food in the case of the Swallows, apply equally in the case of the Swifts. The latter have so frequently been observed in localities presenting very different species of insects, and sweeping in the summer evenings through the midst of little congregated parties of various kinds, that there is little doubt that the nature of the food differs very considerably. In corroboration of this it has been shown that anglers have repeatedly captured these birds with artificial trout-flies of very different appearance.1 Isaak Walton informs us that Swifts were in his time taken in Italy with rod and line; and, according to Washington Irving, one of the sports of the Alhambra was angling for swallows from its lofty towers.2 There are several species of Swifts distributed throughout the world, but only twq visit the British Islands, and of these one is but a rare and accidental visitant.
The Common Swift is the last of the Hirundines to arrive in this country, and the first to leave it. Its habits are very different from those of the Swallows. As a rule it makes no nest, but only lines a hole, uito which it creeps; it lays but two eggs (rarely three), instead of five or six like the Swallows; it rears but one brood in the summer, instead of two, or even three, as Swallows often do. The late Mr. J.
1 Thompson, " Nat. Hist. Ireland" (Birds), i. p. 377.
2 Irving, "Tales of the Alhambra."
D. Salmon described1 some nests of the Swift which he found at Stoke Ferry, Norfolk, and which were composed of bits of straw and dry grass, "closely interwoven and held firmly together by an adhesive substance very much resembling glue, and so disposed round the inner edge of the nest as to hold the straws in their places; the whole forming quite a cup of an oval shape, of about four inches in length, not very deep." I have often observed the straw and dry grass, with the addition of feathers, but never noticed the "adhesive substance." Gilbert White thought that the Swift paired on the wing. They may do so occasionally; but, from what I have observed, I feel sure that they pair much oftener in the hole which has been selected to nest in.
Although usually preferring lofty towers and church turrets, the Swift frequently nests under eaves at a comparatively short distance from the ground; and I have had excellent opportunities for some years past of observing Swifts during the breeding season under the eaves of some old cottages in Sussex and Middlesex. By means of a short ladder I have been enabled to inspect many nests both before and after the young were hatched; and, out of a score or more examined, seldom more than one contained three eggs. Sometimes I observed that Sparrows were ejected and their nests appropriated, amidst much remonstrance and screaming; but, as a rule, I have found that Swifts, having once reared their young safely in a new locality, will return to the same hole year after year. Birds have been marked by having their claws cut, and, on being set at liberty, were caught the following year in the holes from which they had first been taken. Unlike most insectivorous birds, which bring but a single insect (or at most two or three) to the nest at a time, the Swift visits its young less frequently in the day, but brings a large store at each visit. The mouth is often so crammed with small black flies, that the bird presents the appearance of having a pouch under the chin, from which it ejects the insects in a lump the size of a boy's marble.
1 "Mag. Nat. Hist." 1834, vol. vii. p. 462.
As a general rule, the Swift is not observed in this country before the third week in May, and is seldom seen after the third week in August. It is found throughout the mainland of the British Islands, and breeds also in Mull and Iona, but not in Orkney or Shetland, nor in the Outer Hebrides. It does not travel quite so far north as either the Chimney Swallow or the Martin, but the late Mr. Wolley saw it on the Faroes,1 and Mr. Wheelwright frequently observed it hawking over the high fells at Quickjock, Lapland, during the summer.2
If we look for the bird during the months that it is absent from Great Britain, we find that it is very abundant at the Cape of Good Hope in winter, arriving about September 5, and departing northwards in April. It is seen in
1 "Contributions to Ornithology," 1850, p. 109. It is not included by Herr Miiller in his "Bird Fauna of the Faroes."
2 "A Spring and Summer in Lapland," p. 281.


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The Patty Duke Show Season 3
S03 E01Sep 15, 1965
A Foggy Day In Brooklyn Heights Sep 15, 1965 Frankie Avalon stops by the Lane house to make a phone call, and ends up spending a short time there because the airport is fogged in.
S03 E02Sep 22, 1965
Operation: Tonsils Sep 22, 1965 Patty falls for an attractive young doctor, and misunderstands his feelings for a boat as feelings for her.
S03 E03Sep 29, 1965
Partying Is Such Sweet Sorrow Sep 29, 1965 When Richard goes to a party without Paty, Patty decides to give a party the same night.
S03 E04Oct 6, 1965
The Guest Oct 6, 1965 When Richard's parents go out of town, Patty invites him to stay at the Lane house, but his personality and living style clashes with everyone else's.
S03 E05Oct 13, 1965
Our Daughter the Artist Oct 13, 1965 Tha Lanes don't dare give Patty their true opinion of her op art creation.
S03 E06Oct 20, 1965
Patty's Private Pygmalion Oct 20, 1965 Patty decides to give a shy girl lessons in self-confidence.
S03 E07Oct 27, 1965
The Girl From N.E.P.H.E.W. Oct 27, 1965 Patty becomes involved in the spy business when an Interpol agent visits the Lanes.
S03 E08Nov 3, 1965
I'll Be Suing You Nov 3, 1965 Patty is the only witness to a traffic ac cident involving Richard.
S03 E09Nov 10, 1965
Patty and the Eternal Triangle Nov 10, 1965 Patty decides to test Richards fidelity by posing as Cathy.
S03 E10Nov 17, 1965
Sick In Bed Nov 17, 1965 Patty has a slight temperature and is forced to stay home from school, against her will.
S03 E11Nov 24, 1965
Ross, the Peacemaker Nov 24, 1965 Ross tries to patch up the quarrel between Richard and Patty.
S03 E12Dec 1, 1965
Patty, the Candy Striper Dec 1, 1965 Martin checks into the hospital the same day that Patty starts work as a candy striper.
S03 E13Dec 8, 1965
Patty Meets the Great Outdoors Dec 8, 1965 When a handsome young forestry students movies in next door, Patty takes a sudden interest in nature.
S03 E14Dec 15, 1965
Cathy Leaves Home -- but Not Really Dec 15, 1965 Cathy decides to apply to be an exchange student, and is very disappointed when the family doesn't stop her.
S03 E15Dec 22, 1965
The History Paper Caper Dec 22, 1965 Patty gets a bright, new student at school to ""help"" her with her history paper.
S03 E16Dec 29, 1965
A Very Phon-y Situation Dec 29, 1965 When Martin puts a time limit on everyone's phone calls, the kids try to earn money to buy their own phone.
S03 E17Jan 5, 1966
Ross Runs Away -- But Not Far Jan 5, 1966 Martin and Natelie go away for the week-end, leaving Patty in charge. Trouble ensues when she and Ross becomes handcuffed together.
S03 E18Jan 12, 1966
Poppo's Birthday Jan 12, 1966 Martin uses a pocket-knife advertisement to show the family what for his birthday, but they read the wrong side and try to buy him a $99 rifle.4
S03 E19Jan 19, 1966
Anywhere I Hang My Horn Is Home Jan 19, 1966 When Patty invites an out of work musician over for a meal, he decides to make the Lane home his permanent residence.
S03 E20Jan 26, 1966
The Greatest Speaker In the Whole Wide World Jan 26, 1966 Patty promise her creative writing class that her father will appear as a guest speaker, but does not check with him first.
S03 E21Feb 2, 1966
Big Sister Is Watching Feb 2, 1966 Patty patcher up a quarrel between Ross and the new boy in town because she is interested in the boy's older brother!
S03 E22Feb 9, 1966
Patty Leads a Dog's Life Feb 9, 1966 Patty takes care of a society columnist's French poodle.
S03 E23Feb 16, 1966
Too Young and Foolish to Go Steady Feb 16, 1966 The Captain of the football team asks Patty for a date.
S03 E24Feb 23, 1966
Patty, the Diplomat Feb 23, 1966 As a assignment, Patty must write to a government offical. Problems arise when she chooses the President of the Soviet Presidium.
S03 E25Mar 2, 1966
Do You Trust Your Daughter Mar 2, 1966 Patty has a date with an ""older man."" Due to a misunderstanding, Martin belives that she came home after the curfew he set.
S03 E26Mar 9, 1966
A Visit From Uncle Jed Mar 9, 1966 Martin's Uncle Jed arrives the same night as Patty's formal dinner party.
S03 E27Mar 23, 1966
Don't Bank On It Mar 23, 1966 Martin decides to teach Patty a lesson in responibility after she conceals the fact that she was not able to make an important bank deposit for Martin.
S03 E28Apr 6, 1966
Three Little Kittens Apr 6, 1966 Three kittens cause some promblems in the Lane household.
S03 E29Apr 13, 1966
Fiancee for a Day Apr 13, 1966 Richard and Patty decide to get married after graduation from high school.
S03 E30Apr 20, 1966
The Invisible Boy Apr 20, 1966 Patty asks Ross to do a favor for her and the new in town, in hope that he will ask her out, Patty, in return, tries to talk Martin into allowing Ross to drop French.
S03 E31Apr 27, 1966
Do a Brother a Favor Apr 27, 1966 Patty agress to date the president of Tigers' basketball club in order to increase Ross's chances of becoming a member.
S03 E32May 4, 1966
Patty, the Psychic May 4, 1966 Patty belives that she has ESP.


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text:
Ermentrude appears with her first husband Aubry II, count of Mâcon, in three charters dated to 14 January in the 20th year of Lothaire (and thus 14 January 971, as one of the charters places the event on a Saturday) ["S. Alberici, comitis, qui elemosina ista fieri et firmari rogavit. S. Ermentrudis, conjuge sua. S. Leotaldi. ...", Cart. Cluny, 2: 368 (#1291)]. The other two charters evidently have a Liétaud (a subdeacon) and an Aubry (sometimes placed, without adequate evidence, as sons of Aubry and Ermentrude) signing between Aubry and his wife Ermentrude [Bresslau (1879-84), 38, n. 5; Rameau (1901), 138; Bouchard (1987); all cite Juénin, N. Hist. de Tournus, Preuves, p. 116ff. (not seen by me)]. In January 992, she was witness to a charter of a certain Eldevertus ["S. Ermentrudis comitissæ." Cart. Cluny, 3: 137 (#1915)]. In a charter of ca. 994, count Otto (evidently Otte-Guillaume) appears with a countess Irvis, undoubtedly either a nickname of Ermentrude or a corruptly copied form, as Otte-Guillaume and Ermentrude must have been married for some time before that ["Otto comes, Irvis comitissa." Cart. Cluny, 3: 399 (#2267)]. She was still living in March 1002, when she appears with her husband William and son Guy in a charter ["... Wille[l]mi comitis et uxoris ejus Ermentrudis, et filii eorum Widonis, ..." Cart Cluny, 3: 617 (#2552)].
Date of birth: Say 950.
Ermentrude's maternal grandparents Giselbert and Gerberga were married in 929 [Continuator Reginonis, s.a. 929, MGH SS 1: 616; Annales Heremi, s.a. 929, MGH SS 3: 141], her brother Bruno was born about 956 (see the page of Ragenold), and Ermentrude was married by 14 January 971. Thus, this estimate is probably not off by more than a few years.
Place of birth: Unknown.
Date of death: 5 March, 1002×4.
She was still living in March 1002 [Cart Cluny, 3: 617 (#2552), see above], but apparently deceased in 1004, when her husband made a donation for the souls of his stepfather Henri, mother Gerberge, son Guy, and wife Ermengarde ["Otto comes, cognomento Willelmus, ... Dedit idem comes Otto sancto Benigno potestatem Vivariensis ville pro anima Hinrici ducis, qui eum loco filii adoptavit, et genetricis sue Gerberge uxoris predicti ducis, ac filii sui Widonis, et Hermintrudis coniugis. ..." Chron. S.-Bénigne, 162-4]. Anselme cites the necrology of Saint-Bénigne de Dijon as giving 5 March for her date of death [Anselme 8: 410].
Place of death: Unknown.
Father: Ragenold/Renaud, d. 10 May 967, count of Roucy.
The identification of Ermentrude's father has sometimes been disputed, but seems correct. See Ragenold's page for a discussion.
Mother: Alberada, daughter of Giselbert,
duke of Lorraine.
For the well established connection of Ermentrude to her mother Alberada, see the Commentary section.
(1) Aubry II, living 971, count of Mâcon.
The identification of Ermentrude de Roucy with the woman of that name who married count Aubry II of Mâcon is based on a list of counts of Mâcon appearing in the cartulary of Saint-Vincent de Mâcon, indicating that Otte-Guillaume married the widow of Aubry II ["... atque post illum, Albericus filius Leotaldi comitis; quo mortuo, dominus Guillelmus comes uxorem illius accepit; ..." Cart. Mâcon, 6 (#7)]. See the discussion of this in the Commentary section.
(2) Otte-Guillaume, d. 1026, count of Mâcon; count of Burgundy.
["Hoc anno obiit Otto Burgundiae comes." Annales S. Benigni Divionensis, MGH SS 5: 41]
See the Commentary section.
(by Aubry)
Béatrix, d. prob. after 1028;
m. (1) Geoffroy (II), d. 991×7, count of Gâtinais, before 979-991×7;
m. (2) Hugues du Perche.
Béatrix was definitely a daughter of Aubry II, and probably by his marriage to Ermentrude. See the pages of Aubry and Béatrix for further discussion.
(by Otte-Guillaume)
["Necnon etiam Willemus, Heinrici ducis privignus, Adalberti Longobardum ducis filius, eidem regi aliquando rebellis extitit, favente ei Landrico Nevernis comite, qui ejus filiam uxorem duxerat, et Brunone, Lingonensi episcopo, cujus habebat in matrimonio sororem. Ex qua suscepit filios et filias, de quibus prius natam Landricus, reliquas uterque Willemus scilicet Pictavensis et Arelatensis duxere uxores; unusque filiorum ejus Rainaldus nomine duxit filiam Richardi Rotomagensis ducis, Adeledam nomine, uxorem." Rodulfus Glaber, lib. 3, ii, 6 (pp. 56-7)]
Guy, d. ca. 1003, count of Mâcon.
Renaud I, count of Burgundy; m. Adélaïde, daughter of Richard II of Normandy.
Mathilde, m. Landry,
count of Nevers.
Her name is given by a charter of her son Renaud, count of Nevers ["... ego Rainaldus, gratia Dei comes, ..., pro remedio animæ meæ et anima patris mei Landrici et matris mæ Matildis et uxoris meæ Advisæ, et filiorum meorum ..." Cart. Cluny 4: 14 (#2811)]
Gerberge, living 1019, m. Guillaume,
d. 1018, count of Provence.
Her name is given by several charters, where she appears in the interval 1013×9 [e.g., "ego Wilelmus comes Provincie, conjuxque mea Girberga ..." (1013); "... ego Vuillelmus comes et uxor mea Gisberga ..." (1018); "Ego Geiriberga comitissa ..." (1018); "ego Geriberga comitissa, una cum consensu filiorum optimatumque nostrorum propter remedium anime senioris mei Guilelmi comitis Provincie ..." (1019), Manteyer (1908), 271-2]
Agnès, m. (1) Guillaume V,
duke of Aquitaine (III of Poitou); m. (2) Geoffroi II
Martel, count of Anjou.
["... Agnes comitissa, filia Ottonis cognomento Willelmi, comitis Matiscensis, uxor etiam ejusdem nominis Willelmi, ducis Aquitanorum, ..." Cart. Cluny 3: 765-6 (#2742)]
The identification of Ermentrude
The genealogical connections of Ermentrude depend heavily on the proper identification of same-named individuals appearing in different documents. The case considered here involves the identification as the same person of the individuals appearing in the following three items:
Although the identification of the first two of these is routine and noncontroversial, it is based on the accumulation of a number of pieces of evidence, and does not follow directly from any single source. The identification of the third Ermengarde as being the same person has been disputed in the past, and will be discussed after the other two. Thus, let us show why the Ermentrude who was daughter of Alberada was the same person as Ermentrude, wife of Otte-Guillaume of Burgundy, beginning with the genealogical documents which show Ermentrude and Alberada together.
A letter from Siegfried, abbot of Görze, to Poppo, abbot of Stablo, written in 1043 when the marriage between the emperor Heinrich III and Agnès de Poitou was being negotiated, describes the 3:3 degree of consanguinity between the prospective bride and groom ["... Heinricus rex ex Mathilde genuit tres filios: Ottonem imperatorem, Brunonem archiepiscopum, Heinricum ducem; duas quoque filias, Gerbergam et Hadwidem. Quarum altera, id est Hadewidis, Hugoni; altera, id est Gerberga, nupsit Gisleberto duci eique filiam Alberadam nomine peperit. Post obitum vero Gisleberti iuncta est in matrimonium Ludovico Francorum regi, a quo filios duos, Lotharium regem et Karolum ducem, filiamque Mathildam, postea Cuonradi regis Burgundionum uxorem suscepit. Porro ex his sororibus, non quidem de uno patre, sed de una matre scilicet Gerberga genitis, de altera quidem, id est Alberada Ermentrudis, de altera vero, id est Mathilde, Gepa, quae et Gerberga, processit. Et haec prima generatio. Sane Ermentrudis Agnetem, Gepa vero Gislam augustam sororemque Mathildem genuit. Et ecce secunda generatio. Gislae autem filius, domnus Heinricus rex, et Agnetis filia simulque equivoca, Agnes ipsa videlicet, de qua hoc totum agitur, in tertia genealogica linea invenitur. Audivi autem dictum esse regi, aviam suam Gepam non ex Mathilde, sed ex priore Cuonradi regis uxore fuisse progenitam. Quod non ita esse et veridicorum hominum asserit relatio et ipsa feminarum ostendit equivocatio. A Mathilde enim magni Heinrici regis conjuge usque ad Mathildem huius regis materteram genealogiae descensio per Mathildes et Gerbergas facta est, ita ut Mathildis, Gerbergae filia, aviae suae equivoca, filiam suam matris nomine vocaret et nepti suae nomen suum ut haereditarium relinqueret." Giesebrecht (1881-95), 2: 714-5 (document #10)].
Leaving off the parents and siblings of the elder Gerberga (and ignoring the problem involving Gepa's mother, which in any case is irrelevant for our purposes), the following table shows us what the letter has to say about Gerberga's spouses and descendants.
Similar information is given in an eleventh century genealogical table, evidently compiled in the time of the emperor Heinrich III (the latest of his family to appear in this version of the table), consisting of many descendants and other relatives of the German king Heinrich (Henry) I (d. 936) [MGH SS 6: 32; see also MGH SS 3: 215, giving a table with the same information plus later additions]. This table omits Giselbert, Louis, and Conrad, and adds two siblings of Gepa, showing the same relationship between Agnès and Heinrich as the above table. The part of this table which is of immediate interest to us is further confirmed by a genealogical notice given in a letter copied onto one of the manuscripts of Flodoard's annals ["Mathilde et Alberada filiae fuerunt Gerbergae; de Mathilde processit Rodulfus rex et Mathildis soror eius, de Alberada Ermentrudis; de Mathilde, filia Mathildae, Berta. De Ermentrude Agnes; de Berta Geraldus Genevensis; de Agnete Wido." Flodoard, Annales, 159; Alberada and Alfratha are variants of the same name]. The information is contained in a letter written by "Raynaldus, comes Portinensis" to a duke of Aquitaine with initial "G" ["Duci Aquitanorum G. Raynaldus, comes Portinensis, ..." ibid., 158-9]. These men can apparently be identified as Renaud I, count of Burgundy (1020-1057), and his nephew Guillaume VI (Guy-Geoffroy), count of Poitou and duke of Aquitaine (1027-1057) [see the discussion by Lauer in Flodoard, Annales, liii-lvii], and the letter is evidently a response to a request by Guy-Geoffroy (Wido) for information about the family of his mother Agnès and their relationship to Gerald of Geneva.
As is common in sources of this type, the names of the husbands of certain women are often not given, but some of these husbands are readily identifiable from other sources. Beginning at the bottom of the table with the younger Agnès (of Poitou, wife of Heinrich III) and with her brother Wido (i.e., Guy-Geoffroy of Poitou and Aquitaine), we can work our way routinely upward, filling in details from various sources, as follows.
The most important relationships given in the above points can be summarized in the following table.
The excellent fit of this table with the previous table can be easily seen. With the word avunculus having its most common meaning of maternal uncle, we get Alberada as the mother of bishop Bruno, count Giselbert, and Ermentrude, wife of Otte-Guillaume. The count Guy who appears as a consobrinus of bishop Bruno may be Otte-Guillaume's and Ermentrude's son, then (joint) count of Mâcon. Alberada's husband, who is not directly documented, was Ragenold/Renaud of Roucy. Although this has sometimes been disputed, the evidence for this seems sufficient to make a good case, and is discussed on the page of Ragenold/Renaud.
The marriage of Ermentrude to Aubry II of Mâcon
The genealogy of Ermentrude is complicated by the existence of a dissenting opinion, which does not accept the marriage of Ermentrude to count Aubry II of Mâcon, and would consider Ermentrude, wife of Aubry, and Ermentrude (of Roucy), wife of Otte-Guillaume, to be two different women. The source of the claim that Otte-Guillaume married Aubry's widow is a list of counts of Mâcon which appears in the cartulary of Saint-Vincent de Mâcon.
"Hec sunt nomina Comitum Matisconensium. Primus, Albericus Narbonensis qui, accipiens filiam Raculfi vice-comitis post mortem domini Bernonis Matiscensis episcopi, comitem se fecit; post hunc, Leotaldus filius ejus; atque post illum, Albericus filius Leotaldi comitis; quo mortuo, dominus Guillelmus comes uxorem illius accepit; atque post hunc, Otto comes fuit; et post hunc, Gaufridus; post Gaufridum, Guido; illo mortuo, dominus Guillelmus, filius Rainaldi comitis; et post hunc, Rainaldus filius ejus; post hunc, Stephanus; et postea Guillelmus Alemannus." [Cart. Mâcon, 6 (#7)]
The usual interpretation is that the Guillelmus comes who appears between Aubry II (Albericus) and Otto is Otte-Guillaume, appearing under one of his two names. Rameau argued against the identification, suggesting instead that the husband of Aubry's widow was a certain count of Mâcon named Guillaume "Barbe-Sale" [Rameau (1901), 139, n. 1]. However, the count called Guillaume "Barbe-Sale" in numerous late medieval and early modern sources is based on the "Willelmus, cognomine Bucca uncta" who appears briefly in the work of Adémar de Chabannes in a conflict with Hugues, count of Chalon and bishop of Auxerre [Adémar Chab., iii, 50 (p. 173)]. In fact, Adémar was referring to Otte-Guillaume (whom the sources sometimes call Otto, sometimes Guillaume, and sometimes both Otto and Guillaume), with an unflattering nickname, and Guillaume "Barbe-Sale" had no existence as a separate individual [see Poupardin (1907), 219, n. 2; Bouchard (1987), 265, n. 28; see also the page of Aubry II]. Since the only known counts of Mâcon between Aubry II and Otto were Otte-Guillaume and his son Guy (a joint count who died in his father's lifetime), there does not seem to be any good reason to doubt that the above list was referring to Otte-Guillaume, especially since Aubry's only known wife and Otte-Guillaume's first wife had the same name.
One argument which has been brought against the identification of Aubry's wife and Otte-Guillaume's wife is chronological. Aubry was evidently still alive at the time of a charter which mentions his land as neighboring that of a certain Arembertus ["... hoc est vineam ubi Arembertus residet, et terminatur de tribus partibus via publica, a sero terra Sancti Romani et Alberici, comitis. ... anno XXVIII regnante Lothario rege." Cart. Cluny, 2: 627 (#1582)]. The lack of any indication in the charter that Aubry was deceased has generally been interpreted as indicating that he was still alive at the time. The charter is dated to the 28th year of king Lothair, which would be from 12 November 981 to 11 November 982 if dated from Lothair's declaration as king on 12 November 954. On the other hand, Otte-Guillaume's grandson Otto appears for the first time as "adolescens" in a charter of 1004 ["S. Ottonis adolescentis comitis" Cart. Mâcon, 283 (#487)]. Vajay interpreted this term as "adolescent" in the strict sense, suggesting that Otto's birth was as early as 992, placing the birth of his father Guy at ca. 975 [Vajay (1962), 162, n. 3], which, if correct, place Guy's birth before Aubry's death. However, there is no need to interpret the word "adolescens" in such a strict way [see the discussion of Otte-Guillaume's birthdate on Otte-Guillaume's page], and all we really know is that the younger Otto was born before 1004. This still allows a plausible (if somewhat tight) chronology, allowing sufficient room after Aubry's death for the marriage of Ermengarde to Otte-Guillaume and Guy's birth, even if Aubry died as late as 982. Since it is not necessarily the case that Aubry's death needs to be placed that late (see the page of Aubry II), there is no valid reason to accept this objection to the statement by an apparently reliable source that Otte-Guillaume married Aubry's widow. It is interesting to note that Vajay, in arguing against this identification, did not even mention the primary source on which it is based [Vajay (1962)].
Another objection to the identification which has been raised should also be mentioned briefly. However, it is based on an assumption regarding the parentage of Otte-Guillaume's mother Gerberge which is now widely regarded as incorrect. If Gerberge were in fact a daughter or granddaughter of count Liétaud of Mâcon, as was often argued in the past, then the identification of Ermentrude, wife of Aubry II (son of the said Liétaud), with Ermentrude, wife of Otte-Guillaume, would have Otte-Guillaume marrying the widow of his uncle or granduncle, something that would have been likely to raise an objection on canonical grounds. However, since there is strong evidence that Gerberge was in fact a daughter of Lambert, count of Chalon, this objection is based on an underlying premise which is probably false. This matter is discussed in great detail on Gerberge's page.
Supposed sons by Aubry (no
good evidence):
Liétaud, fl. 971, subdeacon.
Aubry, fl. 971.
As discussed on the page of Aubry II, there is no clear proof that these were Aubry's sons, and even less evidence that they were Ermentrude's. If Liétaud was a subdeacon in 971, it is not chronologically feasible to make him a son of Ermentrude.
Conjectured daughter by
NN, m. Ebles, son of Guillaume II (IV) "Fier-à-Bras", count of Poitou and duke of Aquitaine.
(conjectured mother of Ebles I, count of Roucy and archbishop of Reims and Liétaud de Marle)
This conjectured link has no direct support. Ebles and Liétaud appear as siblings in the Foigny Genealogy [Genealogiae Fusniacenses, c. 3, 10, MGH SS 13: 252-4] and Aubry de Troisfontaines [MGH SS 23: 823], but no early source gives their parentage. They are often placed without proof as sons of Ermentrude's brother count Giselbert of Roucy [e.g., Moranvillé (1922), 34]. Mathieu's conjecture that Ermentrude was the grandmother of these two siblings would have the advantage of simultaneously explaining the succession to the countship of Roucy and the appearance of the name Liétaud as a brother of Ebles, but is otherwise unsupported by the evidence [Mathieu (2000)].
Supposed additional son
(nepos of her brother Bruno):
Bruno, archdeacon of Langres.
As nepos of Ermentrude's brother bishop Bruno ["Bruno Archid. nepos Domni Brunonis Episcopi." Chron. S.-Bénigne, 295], the younger Bruno is sometimes placed as a son of Ermengarde [Anselme 8: 410; Petit (1894), 1: 111; Bouchard (1987), 270 (qualified as uncertain)]. However, since Ermentrude's sister (name unknown, married to Frotmund of Sens) had a son named Bruno who was a cleric, it is likely that it was he who was the archdeacon [see the page of Ermentrude's father Ragenold/Renaud of Roucy].
Adémar Chab. = Jules Chavanon, ed., Adémar de Chabannes - Chronique (Paris, 1897).
Anselme = Père Anselme, Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France, 9 vols (Paris, 1726-33).
Bouchard (1987) = Constance Brittain Bouchard, Sword, Miter, and Cloister - Nobility and the Church in Burgundy, 980-1198 (Ithaca & London, 1987).
Bresslau (1879-84) = Harry Bresslau, Jahrbücher des Deutschen Reichs unter Konrad II, 2 vols. (Leipzig, 1879-84).
Cart. Cluny = A. Bernard & A. Bruel, Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Cluny, 6 vols., (Paris, 1876-1903).
Cart. Mâcon = M.-C. Ragut, ed., Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent de Mâcon (Mâcon, 1864).
Chron. S.-Bénigne = E. Bougaud, ed., Chronique de l'abbaye de Saint-Bénigne de Dijon (Dijon, 1875).
Flodoard, Annales = Ph. Lauer, ed., Les Annales de Flodoard (Paris, 1905).
Giesebrecht (1881-95) = Wilhelm von Giesebrecht, Geschichte der deutschen Kaiserzeit, 5th ed., 6 vols. (Leipzig, 1881-95).
Halphen (1903) = Louis Halphen, ed., Recueil d'annales angevines et vendômoises (Paris, 1903).
Manteyer (1908) = Georges de Manteyer, La Provence du premier au douzième siècle (Paris, 1908).
Marchegay & Mabille (1869) = Paul Marchegay & Émile Mabille, eds., Chroniques des églises d'Anjou (Société de l'Histoire de France, Paris, 1869).
Mathieu (2000) = Jean-Noël Mathieu, "La succession au comté de Roucy aux environs de l'an mil. Les origines de l'archevêque de Reims Ebles (1021-1033)", in Keats-Rohan & Settipani, eds., Onomastique et Parenté dans l'Occident médiéval (Oxford, 2000), 75-84.
MGH SS = Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores series.
Moranvillé (1922) = H. Moranvillé, "Origine de la Maison de Roucy", Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes 83 (1922):11-42.
Petit (1894) = Ernest Petit, Histoire des ducs de Bourgogne de la race Capétienne, 10 vols. (Paris, 1894; Kraus reprint, 1976).
Poupardin (1907) = René Poupardin, Le royaume de Bourgogne (888-1038) - Étude sur les origines du royaume d'Arles (Paris, 1907).
Rameau (1901) = Mgr. Rameau, "Les comtes héréditaires de Mâcon", Annales de l'Académie de Mâcon, 3ser., 6 (1901): 121-209.
Rodulfus Glaber = Maurice Prou, ed., Raoul Glaber - les cinq livres de ses histoires (900-1044) (Paris, 1886).
Secretan (1867) = Ed. Secretan, "Notice sur l'origine de Gérold, comte de Genève", Mémoires et documents publiés par la Société d'Histoire et d'Archéologie de Genève 16 (1867): 201-303.
Settipani (1994) = Christian Settipani, "Les origines maternelles du comte de Bourgogne Otte-Guillaume", Annales de Bourgogne 66 (1994), 5-63.
Vajay (1962) = Szabolcs de Vajay, "A propos de la 'Guerre de Bourgogne' - Note sur les successions de Bourgogne et de Mâcon au Xe et XIe siècles", Annales de Bourgogne 34 (1962): 153-169.
Compiled by Stewart Baldwin
First uploaded 24 April 2008.
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Asian Beauty Secret's Explained
To share with you the most useful beauty tips, tricks, and secrets possible used in the asian regions of earth, we contacted the top makeup artists in our little black book. After separating the wheat from the chaff—or rather, the been-there-done-that from the trying-that-immediately—we present the cream of the crop to you below, organized by cheeks, …. Read More


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When the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus came out, the prices were very expensive for screen repairs. We at iLogicRepairs look at pricing critically and hope to give our awesome customers the lowest discount possible. The iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus are very expensive phones and later down the road the pricing will drop to manageable pricing.
We realize that here in Rutherford New Jersey, we don't have the accommodation of having an Apple store nearby. When having a phone repair store like ourselves located conveniently nearby makes life less stressful when damaging your phone. We are here to help and hope to keep your life less stressful with your damaged devices.
We repair most of the models for iPhones, iPads and Macbook's however the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus is very hard for us to work with due to pricing. When we see changes in price for the iPhone 7 & iPhone 7 Plus screens then we will be available for any calls or meetings for your iPhone 7 & iPhone 7 Plus.


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Jan 20 2009
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One Response to "About Anything"
# Jeremy Bennetton 21 Jan 2009 at 4:00 pm
About….the current state of rock music - I'm not happy with it. Or maybe I'm just lost in the '90's, because I find myself only listening to Pearl Jam, Stone Temple Pilots, Soundgarden and Alice in Chains most of the time. There are a few 'newer' bands that I like - Sevendust and a few others - but for the most part it all seems too much like 'pop rock' (i.e. Nickelback). I dunno, maybe I'm just a year or two away from listening to classic rock stations only. Anyone else feel the same, or am I in the minority here?


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Tasty Releases Dance Practice for "Spectrum" and "You Know Me"
Woollim Entertainment's new duo Tasty released their dance practice for their songs "Spectrum" and "You Know Me" today.
The two members Jung Daeryong and Jung Soryong are joined by dance Team ADDM in this dance practice.
While "You Know Me" is their title track, they also performed "Spectrum" for their debut performance stages.
Described as "Asia's No1. Performance Duo," the two members are twins and were also known as being former JYP trainees. They their debut single, also titled "Spectrum," was released on August 10.
Check out their recent performance of "You Know Me" from Music Core this past weekend.


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Avantes is excited to return to SemiCon West. Visit the Avantes booth #7633 to explore our featured technology demonstrations applicable to the needs of the Semiconductor industry. We will be demonstrating endpoint detection in plasma etching in our vacuum chamber simulation and wafer probing defect detection on the X/Y stage. Both demonstrations will be highlighting the capabilities of the AvaSpec-ULS2048CL-EVO, one of the newest members of the EVO Series of spectrometers from Avantes.
The EVO Series is built on our next generation AS7010 electronics board with advanced software and hardware programmability, onboard memory and processing, dual AD converters and high-speed USB3.0 communications. The AvaSpec-ULS2048CL-EVO combines the advanced electronics with the newest CMOS linear array detector in the Avantes lineup.
We're looking forward to meeting you. Join Avantes in booth #7633 at SemiCon West this July 11th-13th at Moscone Center, San Francisco or demonstrations and product information.
Contact with Avantes at the Conference
Is your conference calendar filling up fast? We're looking forward to speaking with you so reserve your time to speak with one our Sales Engineers today. Already using the SemiCon app on your mobile device? Use the wdget on the right to add Avantes to your exhibitors so you don't forget.


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Vaccine to Fight Addiction in the Works
If only there were a vaccine against cigarette addiction. Or imagine fighting drug addiction by simply taking a shot to make you quit. Guess what? These vaccines are on the drawing board. While vaccination shots are available to combat diseases such as polio and smallpox, Dr. Kim D. Janda is now working on vaccines that could release people from the clutches of substance abuse.
A professor from Scripps Research Institute, Dr. Janda says, "We view this as an alternative or better way for some people. Just like with nicotine patches and the gum, all those things are just systems to get people off the drugs."
The chemist has been involved in this project he considers his life's work for over 25 years already. Just like any other vaccine, this one would shoot down the narcotic before it reaches the brain.
However, Dr. Janda's drug addiction vaccine is not like the preventive vaccines we have for diseases such as mumps and measles. One has to be addicted to drugs before the vaccination would be administered. Rather, Dr. Janda's vaccine would work like a "bad or cheap" drug. The effect would be like snorting "dirty coke" so that they would feel "like they were wasting their money."
Dr. Janda relates that he also attempted making vaccines against alcohol and marijuana addiction. But ethanol molecules in alcohol just proved to be too tiny so that it can attach to a particular protein that causes immunity against abuse. On the other hand, the marijuana ingredient tetrahydrocannabinol simply hides too well and they had problems working with it.


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Answer daily warm-ups, and check for activities, assignments, and announcements.If you are absent, please check the date you were gone to find out what you missed (warm-ups, activities, labs, assignments and announcements). Ask Ms. Grant or Ms. Tenzar for copies of all notes, worksheets or assignments.
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In 1994, the state of Minnesota joined with Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Minnesota to bring a lawsuit against the tobacco companies. The suit accused the industry of deceiving Minnesotans about the harmful nature of their products. The case […]Read More
Partners | Policy Resources
Policy resources Below you will find useful policy-related documents from ClearWay MinnesotaSM. Documents [link to dead clearwaymn.org page] Unfiltered Toolkit – February 2010 This Unfiltered toolkit was developed to help you shine a spotlight on tobacco marketing in your community. The materials provided will help get […]Read More
Partners | Learn More
Learn more Please visit the websites of our partner organizations to learn how you can become personally involved in efforts to help Minnesota stay smoke-free! 4 Corners Partnership American Lung Association of Minnesota Association for Nonsmokers – Minnesota Blue Cross and Blue […]Read More
About | Partners
Partners Many resources exist for those who want to help reduce tobacco's harm in Minnesota. Many of our partner organizations provide volunteer opportunities, and we have created policy resources to help sustain the Freedom to Breathe Act and other policies already in place.Read More
About | Board | Meetings
Board and Committee Meetings The ClearWay Minnesota Board of Directors meets every other month throughout the year. Board Meetings are open to the public. Because of the COVID-19 outbreak, meetings of the Board will now be held remotely. Please contact ClearWay Minnesota […]Read More
About | Board | Board of Directors
Board of Directors Board Officers: Board Chair – Laurie Lafontaine Vice Chair – Karen Kraemer Secretary – Sarah Oquist Treasurer – Gregory Wulf Board Members: Former Governor Mark Dayton appointed: Karen Kraemer, R.N., former Vice President of Disease and Case Management with […]Read More
About | Our History
Our history In 1994, the state of Minnesota joined with Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Minnesota to bring a lawsuit against the tobacco companies. The suit accused the industry of deceiving Minnesotans about the harmful nature of tobacco products. […]Read More
The mission of ClearWay Minnesota is to enhance life in Minnesota by reducing tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke through research, action and collaboration. We were created in 1998 and entrusted with overseeing 3 percent of the state's tobacco […]Read More


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With the emergence of social media contests as a marketing tool, it is important for companies to understand how to get the best bang for their buck. By establishing firm ground rules and setting goals for contests, employees will be able to fully understand how their contest performed overall.
Check out the graphic below to see five tips for running a successful social media contest.


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As a consultant, Stephanie has provided policy, research and advocacy expertise to clients at national policy and research organizations:
- Buffett Early Childhood Institute
- Maryland Association for the Education of Young Children
- Save the Children
- Sharp Insight, LLC
- Development Services Group, Inc.
- America's Edge/ReadyNation
- Early Opportunities, LLC
- Center for Law and Social Policy
- Voices for America's Children
- National Center for Children in Poverty
- National Council of La Raza
Read Schaefer Consulting's latest E-newsletter for updates on our work.
Stephanie has worked with clients at national nonprofit and consulting organizations to help accomplish their goals. Projects for clients included:
- Conduct literature review on early childhood educator competencies and competency-based systems to inform the work of the Nebraska Early Childhood Workforce Commission.
- Provide staffing support to the Maryland Association for the Education of Young Children, including representing the organization at meetings, working with the Board, and providing information to members, colleagues and the public.
- Identify and compile child well-being indicators data for 50 states and produce state rankings on these indicators.
- Prepare resource pages on effective evidence-based substance abuse treatment approaches for the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's (SAMHSA) National Registry of Evidence-based Programs and Practices (NREPP).
- Worked with state advocates to prepare fact sheets documenting state impact of federal budget cuts;
- Researched and compiled information on state pre-kindergarten and child care policies;
- Gathered background research on demographic data and policy information on the nation's infants and toddlers and their early care and education settings;
- Gathered data, formulated and and co-authored report on the growing need for middle skills labor force in California's health care sector;
- Co-wrote research synthesis paper on child care subsidies;
- Provided technical assistance and developed content on early childhood policy for an on-line training course for state child policy professionals;
- Drafted research background paper documenting the status of Latino infants and toddlers; and
- Wrote summaries of early childhood development evaluation studies.


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By now most tech-savvy folks have heard of Siri, an intelligent personal assistant and knowledge navigator which works as an application for Apple's iOS. The application uses a natural language user interface to perform tasks such as updating your calendar, checking the weather, setting reminders, sending emails and texts, etc. by delegating requests to a set of Web services. Siri is now an integral part of iOS 6, and it is a real game changer for SEO strategies.
Consider the following: Siri chooses the app, service, or site that will best handle the task users want to complete. The result is a ripple effect where Siri will increasingly replace the user's utilization of apps and tools—including the likelihood that the user will open a browser window and search using Google, Yahoo or Bing.
Ask Siri to "find the nearest Tex-Mex restaurant" and the result is based on your current location and data from Yelp, so clawing your SEO way to the top spot on Google for "Houston Tex-Mex restaurant" won't matter. Also, Siri places added emphasis on local, meaning savvy small businesses should spend even more time optimizing their listings on Foursquare, Yelp, Facebook Places, etc. For example, Yelp recommendations are currently embedded in Siri responses, so Yelp optimization matters more than traditional SEO.
Of course, no one is recommending that businesses abandon their SEO efforts altogether. Rather, your business should adapt its marketing strategy in Houston, TX: keep working to improve SEO results on major search engines, but also focus on optimizing listings on Google Places, Yelp, Foursquare, Epinions and other local directories. The introduction of Siri means an important portion of your customers may not be hanging out on search engines. Google claims that 61% of smartphone users call a business after searching for it. This makes optimizing your listing for Siri even more important.
Is your business ready for the Siri revolution? Find out! MARION's Houston digital marketing agency will work with your team to achieve your internet marketing goals with creative local search by leveraging services from a Houston SEO company.


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The last few months feel filled with one tragedy after another in the world, and that, unfortunately, is true in my personal life as well. It is not my place to discuss what has been going on with my family here in this blog, but throughout it all, I keep trying to remember what has helped me in the past. Gratitude. Always counting my blessings.
It's not easy to do. It's much easier to fall into despair and get sucked into the questions of, "Why is this happening to me? To us?"
A few years ago, my best friend Ahnuh asked me if I would like to start a gratitude practice with her. We emailed each other what we were grateful for that day. It could be anything, that the sun was out or that we had good coffee. It started out daily, then weekly, then tapered off to monthly or whenever we could until we eventually stopped.
For Valentine's Day last year, Di gave me a gratitude journal. I can date each page and write what I felt grateful for that day. It gives me prompts of different ways I can change it up. One day it may direct me to write 3 things that happened that I am grateful for and why. Another may be to write about 3 people I am grateful for.
At one point Di and I found it helpful to tell each other the 3 things we were grateful for that day before we went to sleep.
I have never been consistent enough to make this a daily habit, but when I realize that I haven't done it in a while, especially when it feels that life just sucks and nothing good is happening, I start in again, slowly bringing myself back to what is good in my life. Even if it is only that the sun is out and I had a good cup of coffee that day.


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ThriveMobile, our 33-foot clinic on wheels, helps Thrive Alabama serve people all across our 12-county service area who might have transportation barriers to care. ThriveMobile goes monthly to the local Department of Human Resources and First Stop, a day shelter for the homeless population. ThriveMobile is at DHR every third Wednesday of the month, and at First Stop every second Tuesday. The vehicle has a fully-functional exam room and helps us take our services to various events and locations across north Alabama to provide testing for HIV and STIs, after which we can quickly link the patients to the care they need. The mobile unit is available to partner with organizations in the community for events – you can schedule it by contacting E.J. Thomas at 256-536-4700.
If you have a medical emergency after clinic hours, call 911 immediately or go to nearest emergency room.
Si nuestra oficina está cerrada y tiene una emergencia llame al 911 o vaya a su sala de emergencias local.
Copyright © 2019 Thrive Alabama. All Rights Reserved.