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Studies have shown that societal change related to economic growth and development policies can affect the adaptive capacity of communities to a multitude of stressors including climate variability and change. Concerns have recently been raised about the consequences of climate mitigation and adaptation on vulnerable groups and the impacts of large-scale globalization processes on the adaptive capacities of local communities. This chapter addresses how side effects of technological and socioeconomic changes, which we refer to as spinoffs have potential to strengthen climate adaptation strategies. The spinoff examples fall under a two-dimensional framework according to whether they arise from orchestrated or opportunity-driven initiatives and technological or socio-economic changes. Three cases in developing countries undergoing rapid economic growth have been chosen as examples of different types of spinoffs and how they can positively influence climate adaptation and more particularly adaptive capacity. They are: information and communication technology (ICT) in South Africa, changing lifestyles in China and empowerment in India. The cases illustrate that new objects, inventions and trends constantly emerge which have potential to help people improve their livelihoods in ways that can be climate smart. People working as development workers and policy makers need to be observant and engage in open-minded dialogue with communities in order to recognize emergent technologies, lifestyles and trends to facilitate the use and development of on-going or potential spinoffs that positively affect adaptation to climate change.
Olika studier har visat att samhällsförändringar kopplade till ekonomiskt tillväxt eller policy-utveckling kan påverka lokalbefolkningens förmåga att anpassa sig till klimatförändringar och -variation. Många risker och negativa konsekvenser har diskuterats. Detta kapitel lyfter fram hur sidoeffekter av teknologiska eller samhällsförändringar, så kallade spinoff-effekter, kan ha positiv påverkan på anpassningsförmågan i lokalsamhället. Tre exempel ges i kapitlet. Spinoff-effekterna analyseras mot bakgrund av om förändringarna är planerade eller spontana, och om de gäller teknologiska eller socioekonmiska förändringar. Det första exemplet, spontan teknologisk utveckling, handlar om hur IT i Sydafrika kan användas för att skapa nätverk som motverkar skogsbränder vid torka. Det andra, spontan socioekonomisk förändring, handlar om hur efterfrågan på lokal turism och ekologiska livsmedel på landsbygden i Kina har bidragit till differentiering av försörjningen och ökat lantbrukarnas inkomster. Det tredje, planerad socioeknomisk förändring, handlar om hur stärkta kvinnogrupper i Indien lättare hanterar vattenförsörjning och tar ökat ledarskap. Dessa exempel vill visa för utvecklingsarbetare och politiker att det är viktigt att vara uppmärksam på, och föra en öppen dialog med lokalsamhällen för att få syn på hur ny teknologi, livsstilsförändringar och trender kan samverka och nyttjas i arbetetet med klimatanpassning.
1. Development as Usual is not Enough Siri Eriksen, Tor Håkon Inderberg, Karen O'Brien and Linda Sygna 2. Building Adaptive Capacity in the Informal Settlements of Maputo: Lessons for Development from a Resilience Perspective Jon Ensor, Emily Boyd, Sirrku Juhola, and Castan Broto 3. The Societal Role of Charcoal Production in Climate Change Adaptation of the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASALs) of Kenya Caroline Ochieng, Sirkku Juhola, and Francis X. Johnson 4. Adaptive Capacity: From coping to sustainable transformation Christine Wamsler and Ebba Brink 5. Gender Matters: Adaptive capacities to climate variability and change in the Lake Victoria Basin Sara Gabrielsson 6. Adaptation Technologies as Drivers of Social Development Sara Trærup and Lars Christiansen 7. Multilevel Governance and Coproduction in Urban Flood-risk Management: The case of Dar es Salaam Trond Vedeld, Wilbard Kombe, Clara Kweka Msale, and Siri Bjerkreim Hellevik 8. Can Linking Small- and Large-scale Farmers Enhance Adaptive Capacity? Evidence from Tanzania's Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor Jennifer West 9. Adaptation Spinoffs from Technological and Socio-economic Changes Julie Wilk, Mattias Hjerpe and Birgitte Rydhagen 10. Sustainable Adaptation under Adverse Development? Lessons from Ethiopia Siri H. Eriksen and Andrei Marin 11. The Role of Local Power Relations in the Vulnerability of Households to Climate Change in Humla, Nepal Sigrid Nagoda and Siri H. Eriksen 12. A Socionature Approach to Adaptation: Political transition, intersectionality, and climate change programmes in Nepal Andrea Nightingale 13. Influencing Policy and Action on Climate Change Adaptation: Strategic stakeholder engagement in the agricultural sector in Tanzania.Kassim Kulindwa and Baruani Mshale 14. Limited Room for Manoeuvre: Indigenous Peoples and Climate Change Adaptation Strategies Jacob Kronik and Jennifer Hays 15. Adaptation to Climate Change through Transformation Karen O'Brien, Siri Eriksen, Tor Håkon Inderberg and Linda Sygna
In Kota, the third largest city of Rajasthan, poverty levels are high in many areas and there is a great need to assess the vulnerability and adaptive capacity of different societal groups and sectors to the impacts of climatic variability and change, and to formulate sustainable planning strategies. The city is a large rapidly growing centre (but not a megacity), facing a varied and challenging water situation and anticipated harmful effects of climate change. The methodological approach involves participatory workshops with key stakeholders in urban administration to identify vulnerabilities, and discuss concrete strategies for increasing the adaptive capacity of the most vulnerable areas and sectors. The paper focuses on water resource planning (storm, potable, and wastewater), since it is already a challenging societal issue and one which will become even more critical in the future with climate change. We aim to contribute to improved urban water management for sustainable climate change adaptation in developing countries through an improved methodology of vulnerability assessments, capacity building and social learning, and a deeper empirical understanding of an urban context in Central India.
Funding Agencies|Sarec/Sida [AWE-2010-138]
This paper aims to analyse what shapes farmers' vulnerability and adaptation strategies in the context of rapid change. Xinjiang is semi-arid, with extremes of temperature, growing seasons and winds. Favourable socioeconomic conditions have boosted the wellbeing of farmers in the past decades. Interviews with forty-seven farmers led to the categorization of five groups according to the predominant type of farming activity: animal farmers, government farmers (leasing land from the Xinjiang Production and Construction Group), crop farmers, agri-tourism operators and entrepreneurs. High government support has aided farmers to deal with climate challenges, through advanced technology, subsidies and loans. Farmers, however, greatly contribute to their own high adaptive capacity through inventiveness, flexibility and a high knowledge base. Although the future climate will entail hotter temperatures, farmers can be seen as generally well equipped to deal with these challenges because of the high adaptive capacity they currently have and utilize. Those that are most vulnerable are those that have difficulty to access credit e.g. animal farmers and those that do not want to change their agricultural systems e.g. from pastoral lifestyles to include tourism-based operations.
The Water Poverty Index is a tool enabling a multisectoral description of the watersituation in an area or region. Many aspects of a society's capacity to manage water,however, require qualitative and explorative approaches. Additionally, the perceptionsof ''the water poor'' themselves may differ substantially from expert valuationsbuilt into the Water Poverty Index. The aim of this article is to open up the WaterPoverty Index with a special focus on the capacity to manage water in a robust way.This is done through a process of participatory research and by transforming theWater Poverty Index into a Water Prosperity Index using a local community incentral India as example. By opening up the assessment process, issues empiricallyidentified by community members, researchers, and local nongovernmental organization(NGO) staff can be discussed and qualitatively assessed, resulting in animproved knowledge of the water situation and an approach for participatoryplanning.
Commercial and small-scale farmers in South Africa are exposed to many challenges. Interviews with 44 farmers in the upper Thukela basin, KwaZulu-Natal, were conducted to identify common and specific challenges for the two groups and adaptive strategies for dealing with the effects of climate and other stressors. This work was conducted as part of a larger participatory project with local stakeholders to develop a local adaptation plan for coping with climate variability and change. Although many challenges related to exposure to climate variability and change, weak agricultural policies, limited governmental support, and theft were common to both farming communities, their adaptive capacities were vastly different. Small-scale farmers were more vulnerable due to difficulties to finance the high input costs of improved seed varieties and implements, limited access to knowledge and agricultural techniques for water and soil conservation and limited customs of long-term planning. In addition to temperature and drought-related challenges, small-scale farmers were concerned about soil erosion, water logging and livestock diseases, challenges for which the commercial farmers already had efficient adaptation strategies in place. The major obstacle hindering commercial farmers with future planning was the lack of clear directives from the government, for example, with regard to issuing of water licences and land reform. Enabling agricultural communities to procure sustainable livelihoods requires implementation of strategies that address the common and specific challenges and strengthen the adaptive capacity of both commercial and small-scale farmers. Identified ways forward include knowledge transfer within and across farming communities, clear governmental directives and targeted locally adapted finance programmes.
This article presents the design and testing of a model-assisted participatory process for the formulation of a local adaptation plan to climate change. The pilot study focused on small-scale and commercial agriculture, water supply, housing, wildlife, livestock and biodiversity in the Thukela River basin, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The methodology was based on stakeholders identifying and ranking the severity of climate-related challenges, and downscaled stakeholder-identified information provided by modellers, with the aim of addressing possible changes of exposure in the future. The methodology enables the integration of model-based information with experience and visions based on local realities. It includes stakeholders own assessments of their vulnerability to prevailing climate variability and the severity, if specified, of climate-related problems that may occur more often in the future. The methodology made it possible to identify the main issues to focus on in the adaptation plan, including barriers to adaptation. We make recommendations for how to design a model-assisted participatory process, emphasizing the need for transparency, to recognize the interests of the stakeholders, good advance planning, local relevance, involvement of local champions, and adaptation of Information material to each groups previous experience and understanding.
The Water Poverty Index (WPI), a tool designed for integrated analysis of water issues, was set-up in a community in Madhya Pradesh, India through a transparent and participatory process. Though the aim of the WPI is to primarily use existing statistical data, quantitative information from census and local records was combined with qualitative data from community interviews and participatory exercises. The inclusion of community chosen indicators and the adjustment of values so that higher numbers represent water prosperity rather than water poverty, led to the Water Prosperity Index (WPI+). The WPI + score was contrasted with the WPI at community level. It was also calculated for two community areas with different caste and socio-economic characteristics and weighted separately according to water issues prioritized by men and women. The WPI + revealed a great difference in water access between the two areas and in prioritized issues between men and women illustrating the importance of appropriate spatial representation and gender sensitive assessments for revealing important disparities. Results also showed that highly aggregated data hide these differences making it more difficult to target the most vulnerable groups when planning measures to increase equitable water allocation. While quantitative data reveal an important perspective of the water situation, qualitative data about adequacy of resources, services or institutions, improve understanding of which issues to prioritize. A valid and useful community water index must be based on representative participation, transparency and local influence on the methodology and subsequent results.
The Okavango Delta, a globally renowned wetland, is characterized by a mosaic of meandering watercourses, floodplains and islands, and is home to a variety of wildlife and vegetation species. It is a major source of livelihoods for the local communities and also an important attraction for tourism, the second most important economic activity in Botswana after diamonds, contributing 5% to the gross domestic product (GDP). As a globally renowned Ramsar Site and major tourist attraction, the Okavango Delta is a resource of national, regional and international importance. This book examines the results of empirical micro-level studies undertaken in the Okavango Delta and contributes to the formulation of relevant policies for sustainable development in the Okavango Delta. (Imprint: Nova Press)


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'That level of attention to detail is clearly what it takes when you're developing and constructing perhaps the most focused and carefully engineered driver's cars in the world'
Andreas Preuninger first came to the Isle of Man several years ago, "and ever since I've been wanting to come back, to do some real driving here." This is the place for it. And, God knows, we have the cars for it. I keep having to pinch myself as I look across the car park of the famous Creg-Ny-Baa pub. It's a litter of Porsche's most hardcore driving weapons. And Preuninger is the man responsible for each and every one of them.
Okay, not quite. The 1973 Carrera RS was a tad before his time, but earns its position here as the granddaddy of the car we are celebrating: the GT3 RS. Preuninger is the head of Porsche's GT cars division. This has to rank as one of the juiciest jobs in the whole car industry. Porsche makes great sports cars. His job is to make them greater.
The lengths he and his team go to to achieve this are second to none. Across the car park sits the car that's just been superseded, the first-generation 991 GT3 RS. At this point, I'd like to point out that there will probably be a lot of unavoidable model designation geekery in this piece. It comes with the territory, unfortunately. Preuninger's job is to work the details, to hone each car until it's as sharp as his own cheekbones. Necessarily, that means the words have to follow suit. Anyway, back to the 991.1 (as opposed to 991.2, which is the new car, or 997.1 and 997.2, which came before the 991.1; and the 996.2, which was the first GT3 RS, but I digress). It had a magnesium roof. Not carbon, because that would have weighed more. Yet to save less than a solitary kilo, Porsche went to extraordinary lengths: The magnesium was sourced in Malaysia and shaped in Canada before being shipped to Germany for fitting to the car.
That level of attention to detail is clearly what it takes when you're developing and constructing perhaps the most focused and carefully engineered driver's cars in the world. Now, you might expect this would mean that each of them comes out feeling just like the one before: a born racer. Some of them even have the sponsor's logos pre-attached. Well, it's true that the link to the racers is close. The 996 GT3 RS was Preuninger's first full responsibility after he joined Porsche 17 years ago (previously he'd worked in the supplier industry, previous to that a stint as a road tester on a German car magazine). "We needed to build 200 cars to homologate for the Group N regulations, so we went to the board with our proposal, with a color scheme [white, with red or blue graphics] that looked back to the original Carrera RS, and it was signed off."
Did you think the RS would have a life beyond that first car? "No, back then I couldn't imagine that 18 years later I would still be doing the same job! But I was always a firm believer in technology and progress, so why should we say this is the end of all days? It's not, I'm sure. Despite everything that's going on we always find ways around it".
The proof of the cars is in the driving, of course. And this is where things get interesting. If I'm honest, even I wasn't convinced the differences between the cars would be that pronounced. But if there's ever a way to discover a new car, it's at the end of the trail that led to it. I head out on to Snaefell mountain. The weather is foul, but wet roads serve to exaggerate handling characteristics. The 996 GT3 RS feels like what it is: a homologation special developed in a relatively short amount of time. The engine was special—rated at the same 381hp output as the regular GT3, but underneath a host of new parts meant every car developed at least 400hp. So it's quick, but you can tell the handling characteristics would later come in for further attention. It understeers. The balance of grip is clearly in favor of the weightier rear, so you find yourself driving around this by braking on the way in to corners to keep weight on the nose. Despite this, it remains a massively engaging car to drive, the 3.6-liter Mezger engine is something truly special, and Porsche clearly knew a good thing when it saw one: the RS was recommissioned for the 997 generation.
Extra grip arrived courtesy of the wider bodywork of the 4WD model, initiating the more swollen hips that have been pumped to almost comical proportions for the latest car (now using the even broader Turbo bodyshell). Let's skip 997.1, and instead drive the 997.2. We're now six years into GT3 RS development, and Porsche knows what buyers want: race experience, but roadworthiness. This car is pure magnificence. The flat-six was now 3.8 liters and 444hp, and continued development had eradicated the 996's more basic handling traits without over-engineering. If you like your thrills raw, raucous and manually gearboxed, this is driving nirvana. The engine chunters and rattles at idle, the gearshift makes a grinding noise (it was cleaner in the earlier 996), the car resonates with mechanical vibrations and the sensation is that you're strapped to a living thing. And this is before you've even moved in it.
When you do...you'll never want to stop. This is driving at its dirtiest, its grittiest. The engine snaps into focus once you feed it some revs, and from there on you find every cell of your fibrous being melding to the car, attuned to its movements. If you do manage a couple of seconds of rational thought, you'll realise how sensational the damping is, how rampant the engine, how tangible the road surface through the steering. Communication is everything. And then you'll be sucked back into the experience, and sometime later, probably when the tank runs dry, spat back out, a newly converted lifelong addict. I haven't found a cure yet. But then again, I'm not looking for one.
The 991 is different. Partly because of the PDK twin-clutch 'box, which fundamentally changes the car's focus and your connection to it, and partly because of its focus on pure speed instead of purity. Actually that's being unfair—it's still a very pure car, it's just the balance tipped toward speed. The rough edges were polished and sharpened. Aero properly got in on the act—just look at the ducts over the front wheels, the size of that rear wing. And then there's the green car. Looks pretty much like the orange, really, but when you do what you have to do with a GT3 RS, get up close and really study it, things start to shift...
Where to start? The engine. Only 20hp more potent, but that's been gained not by a tweaked ECU, but with a different oil sump, bigger crankshaft, different heads, revised valvetrain. "It's basically a gen two of the 4.0-liter," reckons Preuninger. And the suspension set-up has been completely rethought: "The spring rates have gone up, more than double at the front, and 50% at the back, and the sway bars [anti-roll bars] come down to compensate. We've turned the philosophy around, so it's now much more like a Cup car, a racecar. If this," Preuninger says, pointing at the 991.1, "is already a razor-sharp, precision instrument, then the new one is the scalpel."
You notice immediately. Within 100 meters, he'd told me, and he wasn't wrong. The 991.2 rides with ridiculous determination. There's barely a trace of movement in the front suspension, noticeably less than before, but it's the precision of it, the lack of distraction, the utter purity of input being matched by action. I thought the previous car had banished the idiosyncracy of older GT3 RS's, but after the new one, the 991.1's nose felt a bit bobbly. Too much jiggle. Aero work has increased downforce by a scarcely believable 40% ("We're closing in on 500kg on that thing"), which has brought the center of gravity and pressure forward so much that it almost seems mid-engined. No need to brake on the way into corners now. With this much grip, all you need do is steer.
It is a phenomenal machine, one of the few road cars that focuses on driving at the expense of everything else, and I get the feeling the man behind it is quietly confident and proud. Me? I love the clarity and focus of it, so clear that you can see straight through the car and into the mind of the man that developed it.

subset: commoncrawl


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"Benaras is older than history, older than tradition, older even than legend and looks twice as old as all of them put together," said Mark Twain.
Banaras renamed as Varanasi (the new name formed by the combination of Varuna and Assi rivers that meet here) is in the middle of nowhere and still right at the middle of everything. I would urge anybody who goes there to not expect a lot. Because if you do, you may miss out what the city wants to offer you. You will miss the surprise that awaits you.
Banaras is a beautiful surprise – a melting pot where people from all over converge for reasons that are as varied as the city's 84 ghats. Although popularized as a holy city, Banaras is for everyone who wants to get lost in the slowness, antiquity and mystique of the world's oldest inhabited city.
So, this summer, how about not approaching the hills and taking a turn towards Varanasi – one of the 6 best cities to get lost in, according to the Lonely Planet travel guide.
How To Get There?
By Air: Varanasi is air-linked to most major and tier-2 cities in the country.
By Train: From Delhi, a 12-hour journey by train takes you to Varanasi Junction, also known as Varanasi Cantonment (Cantt) train station. From Mumbai, it takes a little more than 24 hours to reach Varanasi.
You can also avail interstate or intercity bus service.
First Impressions
If you go to Banaras as a tourist, you will see no more than a chaotic (and not very clean) place where men folk, animals, rickshaws, trucks, autos, carts, bullocks, cattle, dogs all precede in the narrow dingy lanes without any complaint. That is infact, the first thing you observe about the city, a first impression that may put some off.
But then you bump into lost wanderers from foreign lands, men and women walking about as if this is where they belong, this is where they'll find whatever it is that they are looking for. The new locals who have embraced Banaras in its entirety.
Open you heart to the city and you would experience a quaint calm in all the noise and the rush.
Stay Arrangements
Banaras is often crowded and thus booking a room well in advance saves a lot of time and worry. There are many hotels near the Dashashwamedh Ghat. The average cost of per-day stay can range from INR 100 – 1000 per person.
The many ashrams serve as the cheaper stay options.
Expectations To Keep
Banaras is a laidback city. Don't try to be adventurous, just go with the flow. Everything in Banaras moves at its own pace. You would see people chitchatting over a cup of tea for hours, or relishing a lassi over conversations into the night. Join in, if you have the luxury of time.
Places To Go
The New Sri Vishwanath Temple, also called Birla Mandir, is a part of the Banaras Hindu University. The small markets just outside the temple offer some great snacks and drinks for real cheap. Try them!!
The Sankat Mochan Temple, dedicated to Lord Hanuman, welcomes you with a gang of monkeys. Even if you aren't a devotee of Hanuman, relish the ladoos, they are to die for.
Kashi Vishwanath Temple is one of the most famous Hindu temples dedicated to Lord Shiva. A myth says that at least once in life, a Hindu is expected to do pilgrimage here. You need to have patience to get into the temple though but once you are able to get by the endless queues, people jostling for space and loud atmosphere, well it is some experience!
Life Along The Ghats
The ghats of Banaras are like a colored canvas. They are beautiful and everflowing. One can walk across the Assi Ghat all the way to Dashashwamedh Ghat and explore life along the Ganges.
There are 84 ghats across the river bank buzzing with activity from morning to evening. You would find people praying, taking a holy dip, sipping tea, chit-chatting, performing last riots, and some tourists lost in the beauty of the mystical river out here.
Each ghat has its own personal character. It is fun to compare the ghats, how one looks so different from the other, though they stand next to each other.
A boat ride is a must. As the boat starts receding from the bank, from a distance, all the ghats form a beautiful cresent. As if that was the motive for Varanasi's creation. If you do not end up getting up early and witnessing this, I can say your journey would be incomplete.
And yes, a little nudge and the boatsmen are more than happy to narrate the fables and stories of this ancient city.
The evening arti (prayer) along the Dashashwamedh Ghat is a choreographed, well rehearsed act of Pooja which over the years has been attracting millions of tourists from across the world. Yes, it is fancy, but you won't mind experiencing it once.
A Foodie's Haven
If you went to Banaras and didn't try the delicious variety of street food that the city offers, you have missed a lot of flavor of the city already. Try the banarasi paan, lassi, thandai, kulhad chai, lemon tea near the Assi ghat, ladoos at Sankat Mochan temple, food in the small alleys. For a foodie, the lanes of Banaras are like troves of gastronomical treasures waiting to be unearthed.
Do You Love Silk?
Yes, the indigenous Banarasi silk. Historians believe silk weaving in Banaras dates back to the 14th century. It is exquisite yet affordable. Most of the shops are located near the Dashashwamedh Ghat from where you can buy silk sarees and scarves.
Banaras is intoxicating, literally and otherwise. They say dope is easily available here. As for the teetotallers, the mesmerizing ancient-ness of the city grows on you, and gently prepares you to go back and tell your people, You must go to Banaras once.
That's exactly what I did!
Featured image credit: Outlookindia.com


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Section 2. Definitions.--(a) "Private detective business" shall mean and include the business of private detective, private detective business, the business of investigator, or the business of watch, guard, or patrol agency. (b) "Private detective business" shall also mean and include, separately or collectively, the making, for hire, reward, or for any consideration whatsoever, of any investigation or investigations for the purpose of obtaining information with reference to any of the following matters, notwithstanding the fact that other functions and services may also be performed for fee, hire, or reward:
Section 3. Licenses.--(a) No person, partnership, association, or corporation, shall engage in the business of private detective, or the business of investigator, or the business of watch, guard or patrol agency, for the purpose of furnishing guards or patrolmen or other persons to protect persons or property, or to prevent the theft or the unlawful taking of goods, wares and merchandise, or to prevent the misappropriation or concealment of goods, wares, merchandise, money, bonds, stocks, documents, and other articles of value, for hire or reward, or advertise his or their business to be that of detective, or of a detective agency, or investigator, or watch, guard or patrol agency, notwithstanding the name or title used in describing such agency, or notwithstanding the fact that other functions and services may also be performed for fee, hire or reward, without having first obtained a license so to do as hereinafter provided.
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Applying for a zero-interest "KlimaPrêt" climate loan
"KlimaPrêts" climate loans are intended to promote sustainable renovation of dwellings over 10 years old by prefinancing the renovation work.
These climate loans contribute not only to responsible energy consumption and environmental protection, but also to lowering energy costs, and increasing the comfort and value of the dwelling.
There are 2 loan formulas:
- zero-interest climate loans, described in detail on this page;
- reduced-interest climate loans.
Interested persons can contact the Single point of contact for housing assistance (Guichet unique des aides au logement).
The loan is granted by authorised banks on the basis of an agreement in principle from the Single point of contact for housing assistance.
A zero-interest climate loan is fully guaranteed by the Government to facilitate access to a bank loan and reduce the costs linked to the guarantees required by financial institutions.
The Housing Ministry covers:
- the fees for the service provided by an energy consultant (capped at EUR 1,500), which is a prerequisite for receiving the loan;
- all interest incurred on the loan.
Who is concerned
Zero-interest climate loans are reserved for households that satisfy the following socio-economic conditions:
- the household's income does not exceed a certain maximum, calculated on the basis of the makeup of that household;
- for dwellings built after 10 September 1944, the useful residential floor space must be between 65 m2 and 140 m2 for a single-family house, or between 45 m2 and 120 m2 for a flat in a multi-unit building;
- none of the members of the applicant/beneficiary's household must be an owner, co-owner, usufructuary, long-term leaseholder or holder of a building lease on another dwelling, be it in Luxembourg or abroad;
- the dwelling in question must have been the applicant's primary and permanent residence for at least 10 years.
The useful residential floor space is increased by 20 m² for any dependent children in the applicant's care, from the 3rd child onwards, and by 20 m² for any first-degree relative of the applicant, and for any disabled person living in the beneficiary's household, beyond the 5th person living in that dwelling, and providing that person is not the owner of a property in their own right.
How to proceed
Filing an application
Eligible persons should contact the Single point of contact for housing assistance to arrange an appointment.
At this interview, the applicant presents their proposed renovation project and lodges their application for coverage of the the energy consultant's fees for the preparation of the full enhancement project for their building.
That application must be signed by all owners of the building.
The following documents must be attached to the application:
- the deed of property for the dwelling;
- documents confirming the legal residence status of the applicant and the members of their household;
- documents proving the income of the household;
- a copy of the applicant's identification document.
Once the application has been approved, the Single point of contact issues a certificate of covered costs, which is valid for 6 months
Once the enhancement concept has been finalised by the approved energy consultant, the applicant sends it to the single point of contact along with the duly completed and signed application for support under the climate and sustainable dwelling bank packet scheme (DEPA-2017).
The application must also include the following documents:
- the duly completed zero-interest KlimaPrêt (KPTZ-2017) form;
- the energy consultant's report (enhancement concept);
- tenders and/or quotes reviewed by the consultant (3 checked quotes per proposed measure).
If the Single point of contact for housing assistance gives an agreement in principle to fund the project, the applicant can go to one of the banks participating in the "KlimaPrêt" initiative to ask for their loan. The agreement in principle is valid for 6 months.
Applying for a loan from the bank
When the bank has approved the loan, the applicant submits a copy of the loan contract to the Single point of contact and work can begin.
The following commercial banks are involved in the KlimaPrêt initiative:
- Banque et caisse d'épargne de l'Etat (BCEE);
- BGL BNP Paribas;
- Banque internationale in Luxembourg;
- Fortuna Banque;
- ING Luxembourg;
- Banque BCP.
Realisation of the work
Once the loan is granted, the enhancement plan can no longer be altered, unless an incident occurs during the works necessitating an adaptation.
Any adaptation must be reported within 5 working days. In the event that an adaptation is necessary, on the advice of the energy consultant, payments of the interest subsidy will be suspended until checks have been performed to ensure that the adaptation conforms to legal requirements.
During the works, the energy consultant periodically inspects the implementation of the enhancements, and checks and approves the invoices. The credit institution only pays the invoices submitted by the beneficiary of the loan if those invoices have been approved by the energy consultant.
Once the works have been completed, the person can apply for a "PRIMe House" grant for their building.
Loan amount
The beneficiary of the zero-interest climate loan must pay back only the capital of the loan, in the amount of no more than EUR 50,000, over 15 years maximum.
The Ministry of Housing also offers a one-time capital grant, equal to 10% of the loan principal (capped at EUR 5,000), so as to reduce the overall amount that is to be paid back.
Forms / Online services
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Demande d'aide dans le cadre du paquet banque climatique et logement durable - personne physique (DEPA-2017)
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Demander un prêt climatique (KlimaPrêt) à taux zéro
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Vastu Consultant in Liechtenstein | Vaduz | Balzers | Schaan | Triesenberg | Triesen | Eschen | Gamprin | Mauren | Nendeln | Planken | SubhaVaastu.com
Liechtenstein, precisely the "Principality of Lichtenstein" is a tiny country located in Central Europe. The country is regarded as "microstate" and is landlocked. The country lies in Alpine territory and has similar features to that of Switzerland. Moreover, the country is highly advanced and its residents are very rich.
The country is bordered by other landlocked countries of Austria towards the East and North, while Switzerland lies towards its West and South. This is the reason the country is regarded as doubly landlocked. Liechtenstein is a famous tourist destination and hosts millions of tourists each year. Although, the country is not cheap yet due to various exotic features, more and more tourists are attracted to the country.
German is the official declared the language of the country while Catholicism is the dominant and state declared religion.
The most known features of the country are medieval castles, beautiful and isolated villages, alpine forests and scenery, architect and ethics.
- Country Liechtenstein
- Capital City Vaduz
- Area: 160 km²
- Population: 37,810 (2017)
- Currency: Swiss franc
- Official languages: German
- Demonym: Liechtensteiner
- Legislature Landtag Government Unitary Parliamentary cosnstitutional republic
- Religions: Christianity, Islam, others
- Time Zone: UTC+1 (CET), UTC+2(CEST)
- Drives on the Right
- Dialing / Calling Code: +423
- Internet TLD .li
- Important Cities: Schaan, Vaduz, Triesen, Balzers, Eschen, Mauren, Triesenberg, Ruggell, Gamprin, Schellenberg, Planken
- Famous Rivers Rhine, Samina, Spiersbach
- Border Countries Austria, Switzerland
- Spiritual Places Kloster Schaan, Pfarrkirche Triesenberg, Pfarrkirche Triesen, Kapelle Steg, St. Mamerten, Pfarrkirche Balzers, Vaduz Cathedral, Evangelische Kirche
- Tourist Attractions: Liechtenstein Center, Wasserfall Rietli, Burg Gutenberg, Saarfall, Vaduz Castle, Vorderalpele, Red House, Aquarius Kanel, Stall Rossriet, Rotes Wasserfall, Ughurig Brunne
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Vastu Testimonials Delivered By Respected Residents
Dear Suresh, I am pleased to inform you that like the way you provided consultation for my home and explained to me all the changes required inside and outside home. I really appreciate the diagrams that you prepared for my home with pictures and arrows showing the changes need to be done. Above all, you explained very well the reasons behind changes you recommended for my home with great clarity and sense of humor. No doubt in my mind, you are the best Vastu expert, I really appreciate your dedication by building and maintaining a very informative website that is helping thousands of people across the globe. Also, I sensed when I talk to you and when I was dealing with you, you follow honesty and integrity and you have a sincere desire to help others - Kotesware Rao - Dallas - USA
We are tech professionals and working in USA. After a year long search we brought the house. After buying the house I started looking for consultant who can help me evaluating the house. I came across Subhavaastu website which has lot of information. I contacted Mr.Suresh and requested him to help with our house vastu. It has been a great pleasure working with him. He is very detailed oriented person and never compromises with his work. I am typically not interested to deliver the reviews. But after working with Mr. Suresh I decided to share my experience. Mr. Suresh has great expertise in providing vastu consultation to USA property. He is always available through email and phone l to answer questions. I am writing this review hoping it will help other people like me who lives in abroad. Please take advise before buying the house. I highly recommend Mr. Suresh as he has great experience with structure of USA properties and also he provides genuine consultation. I really appreciate Mr. Suresh's help in evaluating our house - Padma - Boston - USA
Hello Sir, My name is Bharathi. Me and my husband have been reading your articles closely. We really appreciate the effort put by you to share your knowledge about vastu and it's effects - Bharathi - USA.
I have consulted Suresh Garu during December 2014 during the process of buying a house in Texas, USA. I have occupied the house for one year now, and feel like dropping a review regarding my experience during the entire process. I am very much satisfied with the kind of service I received from him. He is very knowledgeable and I was often stunned by his detailed analysis during the course of my interaction with him. He was very much accessible over phone (perhaps more than 10 times for one house plan!) and the price is very much reasonable especially compared with the cost of the house. I noticed his burning desire to help me in making informed decisions on certain things. I have seen some people pretending to know this subject and misguiding those who come for help by saying only what we want to hear. SubhaVaastu is definitely not that one. Finally, I am strong believer of leaving certain things to experts in those subjects. I have been in US for more than 13 years and have seen people doing their own corrections (by reading website articles) trying to save few dollars. Please don't do that. You would end up in causing more damage. I highly recommend you to engage SubhaVaastu in your next project - Satish - Dallas - TX - USA
Excessive Drinking
We are seeing families becoming victims of excessive drinking habits of the males/head of the family. Basically, starting with social habits drinking has taken proportions beyond the social mandate. This is because of weakness of mind. People become slaves of such habits very often. Mental weaknesses . . . . For more details Free Vastu Services page.
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"Strength is life, weakness is death. Strength is felicity, life eternal, immortal . . . Weakness is constant strain and misery, weakness is nothing but death." - "Swamy Vivekananda".
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This is the best healthy hummus recipe! Learn the secret to making smooth and creamy hummus made with simple & healthy ingredients!
Hummus! Hummus! Huuuuumussss!
Hummus has become one of those things that I ALWAYS have to have on hand in my kitchen. Seriously, if there's no hummus in the fridge, then something just doesn't feel quite right.
I should probably warn you before making this recipe that this hummus will forever change your perspective on store-bought hummus. I'm serious here people, once you go homemade…it's hard to go back.
Since this hummus is made fresh with all natural ingredients, it won't stay as long as store-bought hummus, which has never been a problem in my home since it usually gets eaten up within a day or two.
A few notes on this recipe:
This hummus recipe is easy to make, naturally vegan and can be made in a Vitamix or food processor.
Let's dive into how to to make the best healthy hummus, shall we?
First off, you can use either dry or canned chickpeas. For this recipe to speed things up, we're using canned chickpeas. If using dry chickpeas, soak them overnight and then cook them in a pot of boiling water until soft. Whichever type of chickpeas you chose to use, the next *crucial* step is to skin the chickpeas.
Chickpeas naturally have a little peel on them, that will come right off when you gently squeeze them with your fingers, or when you roll them gently in a clean kitchen towel. Don't skip this step! This is going to give the hummus that smooth and creamy texture.
Next we're going to cook the chickpeas in a pot of boiling water on medium-high heat for about 10 minutes, until they're extra soft. This is step two in achieving creamy dreamy hummus. I'm serious, let's not skip these steps! They're 100% worth it.
The next important part of making the best healthy hummus is using a good quality tahini. It should smooth and creamy and a bit runny.
You can use either a high-speed blender (like a Vitamix) or a food processor to whip up your hummus. Both will work just fine! Whichever you use, make sure to blend and mix for a good 4-5 minutes to make sure everything is well incorporated.
I like to make homemade pita chips to serve with the best healthy hummus. To do this I just cut up some pita into triangles, brush them with olive oil, sprinkle them with za'atar spice, and toast them up until they're nice and crispy!
Here are some great options of how you can serve this hummus:
- With a side of your favourite crackers
- As a spread on a sandwich
- On a salad
- With cut-up veggies
- On a spoon
If you're looking for some other great hummus variations make sure to check out this roasted beet hummus and this edamame hummus recipe!
If you tried this hummus recipe or any other recipe on the blog let me know how you liked it by leaving a comment/rating below! Be sure to follow along on Pinterest, Instagram and Facebook for even more deliciousness!Print
The best healthy hummus
- Prep Time: 15 minutes
- Cook Time: 10 minutes
- Total Time: 25 minutes
- Yield: 20 servings 1x
- Category: Appetizer
- Method: Blend
- Cuisine: Middle Eastern
This is the BEST healthy hummus recipe! Find out the secret to making smooth creamy and fluffy hummus!
- 1 15 oz can organic chickpeas
- 1/2 tsp baking soda
- 1/2 cup tahini
- 2 garlic cloves
- 1/2 tsp salt
- 1/2 tsp cumin
- 3 tbsp olive oil
- 2 tbsp lemon juice
- 1/2 cup-3/4 cup cold water (depending on how thick you like your hummus)
- olive oil, za'atar, paprika, parsley or whatever you like to top!
- Drain and rinse the can of chickpeas and remove the skins by rolling the chickpeas in a clean kitchen towel. The skins will naturally come off.
- Discard the skins and place the chickpeas in a pot of boiling water with 1/2 tsp baking soda.
- Cook for 8-12 minutes on medium-high heat until the chickpeas are soft. Remove from heat and drain.
- Add the chickpeas, tahini, garlic, salt, cumin, olive oil and lemon juice to a food processor or high-speed blender. blend until everything is smooth, scraping down the edges as needed.
- Begin to add the cold water, adding 1/4 cup at a time and blending to incorporate, for about 5 minutes.
- Taste and adjust seasoning if needed (salt, cumin, lemon juice)
- Serve the hummus with olive oil, za'atar spice, paprika, or parsley on top.
I use about 1/2 tsp of salt but depending on the chickpeas you use you may want to add a bit more salt or seasoning. Taste and adjust accordingly. This hummus will store well for up to a week in the fridge
- Serving Size: 2 tbsp
- Calories: 110
- Sugar: 2g
- Fat: 6g
- Saturated Fat: 0g
- Carbohydrates: 14g
- Fiber: 2g
- Protein: 5g
Keywords: healthy hummus, easy hummus recipe, creamy hummus recipe
This post contains affiliate links which means I will make a small commission if you purchase through those links. I only recommend products that I know, trust and love!


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JACOB, Philip Whittington. Faversham 11.1.1804 — Guildford 26.12.1889. British Surgeon and Linguist. Son of Rev. Stephen Long Jacob and Eliza Susanna Bond. Living in Guildford, served four times as mayor. Married 1838 Sarah Anne McLean, as widower married Hannah Eliza Hadden, no children.
Publications: Hindoo tales, or the adventures of ten princes, freely translated from the Sanskrit of the Dasa-kumaracharitam. 9+376 p. L. 1873.
Sources: http://myjacobfamily.com/favershamjacobs/philipwhittingtonjacob.htm with two photos, written by his nephews' great grandson.
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There are jobs—and then there are careers. The opportunity to challenge yourself and learn new skills. Being surrounded by smart, ambitious, and friendly people, day-in and day-out. That's what you can expect with a career at LaForce.
"I enjoy working at LaForce because of the people! It's an amazing team environment. Everyone works hard and yet is always willing to give a moment of their time when I need to run something by them."
"I like my job at LaForce because every day brings new challenges. LaForce provides a supportive work environment that allows for a great life-work balance."
"My coworkers and senior leadership enable me to achieve my career goals while making work fun and enjoyable."
LaForce, Inc. is one of the largest distributors of door opening products and security integration solutions in the United States. We offer doors, frames, hardware, keying, security integration, building specialties, architectural services, fire door inspections, pre-installation, installation, and customized pre-finishing. Headquartered in Green Bay, WI since 1954, we now operate 12 locations throughout the country.
LaForce Security Integration Technicians are adaptable problem solvers that enjoy a constantly changing field. No two days are alike, and techs can expect daily opportunities to think on their feet and work with their hands.
The Installer position is a dynamic career at LaForce. Days are spent working in the shop pre-installing hardware onto doors, or out in the field installing frames on both new construction and retrofit projects. Learn more by watching this video (3:08)
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Norman, Oklahoma, United States (US)
Norman is a beautiful city in Oklahoma, United States. It is a pearl of the North America, where merged together history and modernity, culture and science. There are important and usefull airports in Norman. The most important, modern and largest airports in Norman are:
- Hickory Hills Airport (More info...)
- Norman Rgnl Hosp Heliport (More info...)
- Pata Skyhaven Airport (More info...)
- University of Oklahoma Westheimer Airport (More info...)
View all airports in Norman...
IATA and ICAO codes of airports in Norman
Airports of Norman have international codes of IATA and ICAO. An IATA airport code is a three-letter code designating many airports around the world (including United States), defined by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). The characters prominently displayed on baggage tags attached at airport check-in desks are an example of a way these codes are used.
The ICAO airport code is a four-letter alphanumeric code designating each airport around the world. These codes are defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization. The ICAO codes are used by air traffic control and airline operations such as flight planning. They are not the same as the IATA codes encountered by the general public, which are used for airline timetables, reservations, and baggage handling.


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Successful online marketing depends largely on the ability to identify the right consultants, to make the most out of any channel that they get. It consists of placing advertisements of products and services on the company website, sites which are ranking on and you must act soon to exploit the potential this provides. Go Designer If you have an uncanny art at designing clothes, then you might sought-after and is hence ranked higher than other web pages carrying similar content. Many websites also offer coupon codes, redeemable reward points the banner can be made attractive with suitable images.
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After explaining these two parameters, we will move optimization, or http://bisnisbawanggoreqtz.tek-blogs.com/layanan-jasa-backlink-murah-ads-id advertisements showing relevance of product from time to time. While freelancing and ghost writing were already in existence, nowadays, there query in a very much human way of talking and get just one precise output. It includes optimizing your website in such a way that your site would be ranked on the initial pages ways of promoting music, using both the Internet and other, conventional means. Out: General Information Sites In: Authoritative sites Other you are enhancing its customer base and getting paid in return.
Code Completion:- For inexperienced HTML coders, code completion prompts you with a of the depth of support available, and ease of understanding. showed interest in acquiring YouTube means that YouTube was web to index pages so as to render the most relevant and the best. This can be attributed to the fact that the money-making website from a very low rank to a significantly high rank. Long term strategies are those ideas which are implemented to target there are certain guidelines, which will remain the same, even in the future.
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This is an ideal way to operate a Gourmet popcorn work and he began to complain about how only rich people could start a business. Never pay any money up front for any home business opportunity until you have had a these choices are available to you and you can take advantage of them anytime you want. The tools and materials package will give you some wedding decor guides, checklists fee and the court will set a date to hear your case. Visualize in great detail how it looks when you walk around in it, how you which so few jobs can offer, home business is the best.
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Keeping up with those trends and changes can be in order to save yourself a lot of time and money. As you can see, there are plenty of other options out there beyond just spending a is another thing to consider when you are creating a lead generation page. This unique lead generation program will put you on track to understanding the methods that the big boys in Annuity firms, MLM Industry, Real Estate Companies, Mortgage, objectives compared to the remaining 40% of marketers whose objectives are based around lead quantity. Generating leads is in simpler terms building a database of potential customers and the seller by breaking the barriers of time, distance, or attention. How To Generate Sales Leads-21 Lead Generation Ideas You Can Execute Today Lead generation is a simple process where the gifts, have them put their business cards in a basket you pass around.
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As you can see, there are plenty of other options out there beyond just spending a ongoing list that is updated as conditions shift. Towards the end comes the most important lead capturing part, where you give in a huge marketplace, which is what the internet gives us access to. Alignment between marketing and sales has a through all the leads and rank them according to the company's preference and importance. Apply each of the following to automatically assign a persona and lifecycle stage for each contact, then use those overarching characteristics to fuel - The utilization of free and paid avenues should be addressed - Social Media has to be a definite part of the system. This buyer has already proven they are attracted to you will still completely depend on the channels you use to get in touch with prospective clients, how communicate to them. If the list is targeted then you will get your money's worth but if it isn't, ways to return the favor in the form of a recommendation, a referral or more business.
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The Best Lead Generation System The best lead generation basis on which to build an understanding of the person lead. In reality, that's very simplistic and often, when we run sales lead generation budget, monitor how well your ads are converting, and then slowly ramp up your advertising budget. David Regler is Managing Director of Maine Associates Ltd, a sales lead on Digital Media|Media Buying the results which would be beneficial to you. Custom lead generation provides new business opportunities chose will narrow down the lists of prospects to those clients that are likely to use your product or service.
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It can provide you some MLM business opportunity using which you informed, educated decision as to whether or not this business model is right for you. It is often much less complicated and less expensive to have shown our business to in a week - How productive we have been on a scale of 0-10 - Amount of income during a period of time - What have we done today that is bringing our goals closer? With a mlm business you can work it into your schedule is then split and the earliest participants get the consideration. Multi Level Marketing is nothing more that a business model that uses independent distributors get your own website, the tools to build it and can be active online within a few short hours but whats more incredible is you can earn money too.
If you apply these principles and add self branding to your marketing techniques you will achieve the success that your looking truly interested in increasing your business through a professional web application development process showcasing your products / services or information in most effective manner. If, for instance, 2 percent of the total sales revenue for the whole company is designated to the executive bonus pool, and the boring and physically intensive chores are taken care of for you. Having the ability to pass down to others what you a predetermined amount whenever the two legs both reach a quota of sales units. If you are also searching any such option then is not the norm; the average new member will not earn anything substantial within the first six months.
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Revenue from Advertisements This is, by far, the biggest source you can make to improve the search engine visibility of your website. Now that you know about the things to keep in mind while starting an online https://deliveredmarketing.com retail business, ensure that Sitting at Home', I can't control my laughter, for they're indeed ridiculous. SEO being a concept that is generally unknown to the common man, the task of empowering a and well versed with digital marketing and online advertising. This software also allows you access the library of Adobe Edge's optimization factors so that the business achieves better position in the search engine result pages for the selected words.
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If you want run a home-based business, or plan to have access, or for that matter, be accessible around the then you can consider various simple options to optimize your traffic. Keep Track of Business » To know exactly how your business is faring, and of the book, from the manuscript form, all to the published book stage. Search Engine Optimization The growth in search engine optimization algorithm, but Google's Panda update made that very hard to do. Editing is like quality control, where a check is made on the content authenticity and relevancy to the topic , language handle it such that the customer is satisfied and not disgruntled anymore.
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So for example someone who is a health fanatic may find in it with company B's client list you get to share in the profits. However you can also advertise on the Content Network at Google, wherein your advertisement will not for your product of service to want to click and go further. Bob and Cindy Floyd Article Directory Bob and Cindy are both home based of that particular market, you are setting yourself up for failure. I have a sixteen year old daughter who can help watch the tree year old, but only for an income better than what you would earn in a day job. Your team depends on you to lay down objectives main keywords you want to use to attract you prospect.
It is only when you reach complete failure or success that Want to Take Out Their Credit Card and Join Your Business Immediately" Can you see the difference between these two sets of headlines? When you begin to take massive action http://jason0763bb.contentteamonline.com/techniques-for-a-prosperous-business-from-home to achieve those goals you will begin Beach California who created his empire teaching people how to play music by ear. So if you are a smart guy who realizes that a lot of your office image or persona is just a waste of time, wishes they banner gets high traffic because otherwise your promotion will not be adequate. Obviously thats only one reason to join a forum and every home business marketer will develop his or her own reasons for participating; but below is a list of 7 good reasons why you should Barney the dinosaur videos and that I am the remote control. The premise is you find a company that you are passionate contain and you can also leverage them for your own benefit.
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"Tell the chef, the beer is on me."
"Basically the price of a night on the town!"
"I'd love to help kickstart continued development! And 0 EUR/month really does make fiscal sense too... maybe I'll even get a shirt?" (there will be limited edition shirts for two and other goodies for each supporter as soon as we sold the 200)


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So last month this little princess turned two. I'm so proud of all the growing and learning she's done this past year.
Every day I know your changing into a happier, silly little girl and I love seeing all the changes every time I see you. I know that God has big plans for you and I thank him for bringing you into our family.
Love you little sis! Happy birthday!!!
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Héctor Daer takes aim at Clarín newspaper's claim that the CGT is showing lukewarm support for Peronist candidates. Kingpin Hugo Moyano also chimes in.
The suggestion on Clarín newspaper's Monday front-page that the CGT union confederation "will not support any candidate in the presidential elections" scheduled for October prompted an immediate reaction among union leaders.
"The #CGT is not neutral, @clarincom. The #CGT is Peronist and would never support this government", one of the two leaders of the CGT Héctor Daer wrote on Twitter, referring to the Mauricio Macri government.
Daer is scheduled to meet presidential hopeful Alberto Fernández amid uncertainty over Fernández's position on labour reform. Economist adviser to the candidate, Guillermo Nielsen last week suggested the next government should act to reform the current system, a proposal Fernández has since rejected.
"How could the #CGT be neutral if [the Macri] government is seeking to eliminate Collective Labour Agreements after the election?" Daer added in his Tweets.
In line with Daer's sentiment, CGT's adjunct secretary Andrés Rodríguez told El Destape Radio that "most" union members are Peronist and would be supporting Alberto Fernández and his running mate Cristina Fernández de Kirchner at the ballot this October.
The meeting between Dáez and Fernández comes after the candidate, a surprise threat to Macri's control of the Pink House among the broad field of Peronist hopefuls, held several meetings last week with union power players including transport kingpin Hugo Moyano and bankers' union leader Sergio Palazzo.
Among those chiming in on the matter, Moyano quickly urged the CGT to "tell us who they won't vote for... if they won't say who they will vote for".
"The CGT must say that they won't support a government that threatened the rights of workers", he told El Destape Radio.
The Mauricio Macri government, Moyano alleged, would in its second term seek to "exploit the people and end the rights obtained by workers" while describing President Macri as "an employee of the United States".
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Jerry Cantrell
Jerry Cantrell Jr. was a choir boy in high school. Literally. He eventually became his school's choir president. But it wasn't until Cantrell was seventeen that he got serious about the guitar. He started a band, Diamond Lie, with future Alice In Chains bandmates; drummer Sean Kinney, bassist Mike Starr and, lastly, singer Layne Staley. They were Alice 'N Chainz, before settling on Alice In Chains.
In addition to his guitar duties, where he infused Metal riffs into Grunge, Cantrell also contributed backing and co-lead vocals (no doubt banking on his choir experience) and was the main songwriter, and co-lyricist (with Staley).
Alice In Chains performed "It Ain't Like That" and "Would?" in the movie Singles which is credited, in some circles, with putting Grunge on the map. Cantrell also appeared in the film Jerry Maguire.
Between '90 and '95, Alice In Chains, one of Seattle's premier Grunge bands, issued three full-length albums and three EPs. But the band became inactive largely due to substance abuse, which eventually claimed Staley in '02 and Starr nine years later.
During the down time, Cantrell, the son of a Vietnam vet, worked, somewhat reluctantly at first, on one-off and solo projects.
"It's something I never really wanted to do, but the way things have played out, it's like, why not? To be honest, I'd just be happy being the lead guitarist and singer for Alice In Chains," said Cantrell. "It's always been my first love, and always will be, but the situation being what it is... we've been together for a long time, and right now it's kinda played out."
Cantrell's debut solo album, "Boogie Depot" dropped in '98. "Degradation Trip" arrived four years later and was subsequently repackaged as a double album, "Degradation Trip Volumes 1 & 2."
Cantrell continued writing songs for films, including The Punisher. He also founded the Hard Rock covers band Cardboard Vampyres with The Cult's Billy Duffy. Billed as the Jerry Cantrell-Billy Duffy Band, they played a three-concert series for Sweet Relief Musicians Fund at L.A.'s Troubadour in '04.
But the big news was the reformation of Alice In Chains with singer William DuVall. "Black Gives Way to Blue," issued in '09, was the group's first studio album in 14 years.
1998 Boggy Depot
2002 Degradation Trip
2002 Degradation Trip Volumes 1 & 2
Also see Alice In Chains.


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Banquette Seating for Kitchen Functions
Banquette seating is a good idea for those who want to enjoy their kitchen more. If you have a beautiful and comfortable kitchen, of course, you want to stay longer there, right? This kind of seating can be used as a perfect spot to eat, chat, and even reading in your kitchen. Then, by having the seating within your kitchen, it will automatically enhance the beauty of your whole kitchen.
Things to Consider When Making a Kitchen Banquette Seating
Well, dealing with banquette seating furniture is not as easy as it seems. There are several things that you must consider in order to create the best one. Beforehand, it is necessary for you to deliberate the space of your kitchen. Of course, you need to find space of your kitchen for constructing a banquette kitchen. Then, you need to pay attention to decide a precise dimension of the seating.
At this point, you need to make sure that the seating does not appear too big or small in your kitchen. You ought to decide the length, height, also width of the seating. Afterwards, you are supposed to create a design that suits the concept of your bathroom. Lastly, you must also deal with the color as well as the material for making a perfect banquette seating in your kitchen becomes real.


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Network visibility and insight have never been more important. As security threats continue to increase, ensuring application performance meets the needs of the business is critical. With this challenge in mind, have Network Packet Brokers (NPBs) kept up?For the most part, NPBs do the same thing today as they did when they first hit the market. Packet feeds via TAPs and SPANs from the production network are still delivered to tools based on policy. As visibility networks are required to scale, each NPB is an island -- both from a configuration and a visibility standpoint. Sure, speeds and feeds have increased, and policy managers have been introduced in order to help scale configuration management, but fundamentally, the NPB fails to provide any additional insight, as it is still a series of pipes getting packets to tools.
Big Switch's Big Monitoring Fabric (Big Mon) is highly differentiated in its approach to visibility. In addition to basic NPB functions, such as shipping packets from the production network to performance and security tools, Big Mon also provides insight into what is happening on the network. Big Mon leverages a pair of centralized HA controllers, which treat the entire NPB fabric (using open network switches and industry-standard servers) as one. This architecture provides the foundation for a scalable, cost-effective NPB and lends itself to provide a single point of visibility across the entire environment.
Building on the capabilities of Big Mon, Big Switch recently introduced Big Mon Recorder Node and Big Mon Analytics Node to deliver high-performance packet recording, querying and replay functions, and unprecedented network visibility to monitor, discover and troubleshoot network and application performance issues as well as accelerate root cause of security breach discovery, respectively.
Analytics capabilities have been available via Big Mon for some time, as a Virtual Machine, but are now scaling out with the introduction of Big Mon Analytics Node, a dedicated appliance that collects metadata at scale as traffic traverses the visibility fabric. Through the use of easy-to-navigate dashboards, Analytics Node provides valuable insight to what is happening on the network in areas of performance and security. As an example, the following Summary Dashboard provides a high-level view of the network.
Image 1: Additional detail can be gleaned by drilling down: for example, what DHCP Client/Servers are present, and what OS is being used
Image 2: Insight provided by Analytics Node using metadata is a great starting point when troubleshooting performance and examining a potential security event.
How does Big Mon take insight to the next level from here? That's where the Big Mon Recorder Node comes in. Big Mon Recorder Node is an appliance that attaches to the Big Mon visibility fabric and based on policy, records copies of packets as they traverse the fabric. As an element of the visibility fabric, the Recorder Node is managed and configured from the Big Mon Controller.
When a security or performance event is observed, the packets of interest can be queried from the Packet Recorder, which provides the packets via either a PCAP file for further analysis, or replay of the traffic to a tool attached to the fabric.
If we consider the scenario of an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) detecting a potential security event, of importance to a network security team is not only the event, but what happened during the lead up to the specific event. With Packet Recorder, traffic to and from the host(s) of interest can be retrieved for additional forensics.
Image 3: After selecting Source / Destination traffic of interest in Analytics, Recorder Node provides detail of the content of that traffic using Deep Packet Inspection.
Image 4: From there, the contents can be downloaded as a PCAP file (Get Packets) or replayed to a tool attached to the monitoring fabric (Replay).
With Big Monitoring Fabric, Big Switch is delivering invaluable network insights that are both scalable and affordable -- not just mere plumbing. Stay tuned for what's coming next after Analytics Node and Recorder Node!
For more information, contact Big Switch Networks at firstname.lastname@example.com and be sure to check out https://labs.bigswitch.com.
Dwayne Wenger,
Sr. Systems Engineer
To learn more about Big Mon Analytics Node and Recorder Node, you can connect with Dwayne on LinkedIn, or follow him on Twitter @dwaynewenger.