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Based at Cambridge Judge Business School, the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance is governed by a Managing Board and consists of the following individuals:
Robert (Bob) Wardrop
Co-founder and Director, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Bob
Bob is an economic sociologist interested in understanding how and why channels and instruments of finance emerge outside the traditional financial system and how this impacts regulators, incumbent financial institutions and consumers. In addition to his role in the School, Bob is a member of the Steering Committee for the Cambridge Centre for Data-Driven Discovery (C2D3), an interdisciplinary research centre at Cambridge bringing together expertise from across academic departments and industry to drive research into the analysis, understanding, and use of big data.
Prior to pursuing his academic career in 2010, Bob had an international career as a professional investor, most recently as a Managing Director in the investment group of one of the largest privately-owned companies in the United States where he was responsible for a portfolio of European corporate debt and equity investments. He has held several board directorships and advisory roles with academic, governmental and commercial organisations over the course of both his academic and non-academic career.
Bryan Zhang
Co-founder and Executive Director, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
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Bryan is trained in economic geography and public policy. His research examines the accumulation and allocation of capital for start-ups and SMEs through alternative circuits of finance in a geographical and comparative context. Since 2013, Bryan has led and co-authored some of the most influential industry reports on the state of alternative finance both at national and international levels. He has advised and collaborated with numerous institutions and organisations including the Financial Conduct Authority, the British Business Bank, the Department of International Development, the European Commission, the World Bank, Oxfam and Unilever. Bryan is also a Senior Fellow at the Financial Innovation Lab.
Raghavendra Rau
Co-founder and Academic Director, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Raghu
Raghu is currently the Sir Evelyn de Rothschild Professor of Finance at Cambridge Judge Business School. A past president of the European Finance Association, Raghu is Co-Editor of Financial Management and an Associate Editor of the Journal of Banking and Finance, the International Review of Finance and the Quarterly Journal of Finance.
Mia Gray
Senior Research Fellow, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Mia
Dr Mia Gray is a Senior University Lecturer at the Department of Geography, University of Cambridge. She is an economic geographer focusing on how alternative finance, such as crowdfunding, affects regional economies, labour markets, and the distribution of opportunity. Mia is an Editor of the Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society. She was also the Acting Director of the Cambridge Centre for Gender Studies.
Tania Ziegler
Lead in Global Benchmarking, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Tania
Tania is a Lead in Global Benchmarking at the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance (CCAF), Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Tania's research interests include small business economics and SME utilisation of alternative funding models to access finance. She was the Programme Manager of the Alternative Funding Network at the London-based Knowledge Peers. Previous to her work in alternative finance, Tania specialised in Chinese outward direct investment and was a Fulbright Scholar. Tania studied economics and holds an MSc in China in Comparative Perspective from the London School of Economics.
Kieran Garvey
Lead in Regulation & Policy, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Kieran
Kieran is the co-author of nine alternative finance industry reports covering market activity globally, as well as more specifically within regulation in East Africa and UK sustainable energy. He is leading the Cambridge-World Bank 2017-2019 Regulator & Policymaker Surveys in addition to a research programme to develop a technology solution to more efficiently conduct regulatory reviews of different FinTech business models in developing and emerging countries. Kieran previously worked at the UK Crowdfunding Association, as a UK parliamentary crowdfunding advisor and has aided a large number of companies to secure finance via equity crowdfunding. He also helped establish a microfinance social enterprise in Northern Vietnam, inspired by Kiva. Kieran holds an MSc from Imperial College London and a BSc from the London School of Economics.
Philip Rowan
Research Associate, Regulatory Innovation Lead
Read more about Philip
Philip leads on the international aspects of CCAF's financial innovation and financial inclusion initiatives. Philip was previously a regulator specialising in FinTech, competition policy and financial inclusion, focusing on enabling supportive regulatory environments for development. In his capacity as the International Lead at the UK Financial Conduct Authority's Innovate initiative, he closely supported dozens of financial services regulators and governments in their efforts to promote innovation in financial services, including those in developing markets. A leading authority on regulatory sandboxes, Philip is regularly consulted by those seeking to promote innovation in regulation. During his time at CGAP Philip successfully advocated for the implementation of pro-innovation and pro-competition regulatory policies with regulators and competition authorities to promote financial inclusion. Philip has also served at the UK's competition authority, the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA), where his work focused on improving competition in banking. Philip holds an MSc in Development Economics from the University of Oxford and a BSc in Economics from the University of Warwick.
Michel Rauchs
Cryptocurrency and Blockchain Lead, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
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Michel Rauchs is Cryptocurrency and Blockchain Lead at the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance. He co-authored two influential benchmarking reports on the state of global cryptocurrency and blockchain industries in 2017. He holds a Bachelor in Economics from HEC Lausanne and graduated from Grenoble Ecole de Management with a Master's degree in International Business with a thesis on the evolution of the Bitcoin business ecosystem from 2010-2015 using a unique longitudinal dataset of 514 companies and projects.
Emmanuel (Manos) Schizas
Research Associate, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Manos
Manos's work focuses on how industries and regulators work together to make regulatory change manageable and constructive. One half is focused on regtech, and the business models behind machine-readable and machine executable regulation. The other focuses on how authorities create and review regulations in order to support innovation. His broader research interests also include small business financing and growth strategies.
Prior to joining the Centre, Manos worked for a leading regtech company in London. He was previously a regulator with the UK's FCA, leading at working level the post-implementation review of crowdfunding regulation and the development of the FCA's approach to small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Prior to this, he spent six years at ACCA, the global body for professional accountants, where he owned ACCA's global research programmes on small business financing and the global economy.
Manos holds an MSc in Accounting and Finance from the LSE, as well as an MSc in Human Resource Management and BA in Economics from the Athens School of Economics and Business.
Rui Hao
Research Associate Data Scientist, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Rui
Dr Rui Hao focuses on the projects of big data analysis, machine learning in natural language processing, relational database design, statistical modelling, and web development in the Centre. She has a PhD from the Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, and obtained BEng Honours first class degree from the University of Nottingham. Before joining the CCAF, she interned and worked with various industries, including high-tech companies, consultancy, financial institutes, start-ups, NGO and academia. She has recently achieved qualifications as Chartered Financial Analyst and a Certificate in Quantitative Finance.
Hungyi Chen
Asia-Pacific Region Manager, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Hungyi
Hungyi's research focuses on financial technologies regulation, specifically in crowdfunding, peer-to-peer lending and online payment. Recently he has researched crowdfunding and its interaction with urban development, especially in the field of renewable energy. His publication, Crowdfunding in Asian Countries and its Interaction with Citizenship, has been included in Law Between Buildings Emergent Global Perspectives in Urban Law (Routledge). He is a co-author of CCAF's 2015-2016 Asia-Pacific Alternative Finance Benchmarking Report. Hungyi is an Assistant Research Fellow, Center for Internet Finance Law Innovation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. He has a three year research stipend from the Japanese government and the scholarship of internship from Nagoya University during his PhD course in Japan.
Apolline Blandin
Research Assistant on Cryptoasset and Blockchain Technology, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Apolline
Apolline holds a bachelors degree in International History from the University of Paris Denis Diderot and graduated from Peking University and the London School of Economics with a dual masters degree in International Affairs. Her research has mainly focused on mobile finance and financial inclusion in China. Before joining CCAF, she was the Head of European affairs at the French national association of digital entrepreneurs and investors.
Grigory (Grisha) Mckain
Capacity Building and Education Manager, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Grigory
Grigory's research focusses on legal and regulatory topics in FinTech ecosystems. Before joining the CCAF he worked as lead compliance consultant to GetChip on the launch of a peer-to-peer lending platform and an Open Banking product. Prior to this he completed the Barclays & Techstars accelerator programme with Homeppl, a startup in the alternative credit referencing space. He has previously worked and interned in the legal and research sectors in China and Central Asia and received an honours degree in law from the University of Edinburgh, specialising in international investment law. He is a native Russian speaker and speaks fluent French.
Lukas Ryll
Research Assistant Data Scientist, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Lukas
Lukas holds a BSc degree from WHU-Otto Beisheim School of Management where he studied Finance and International Business. He was also one of the youngest graduates in the university, where he obtained the BSc degree at 19 years old. His research focuses on the development of new soft computing methods for financial forecasting. His bachelor thesis demonstrates the machine learning application on the conventional investment strategies in asset management, using deep-learning method of multi-layer perceptrons as well as a portfolio allocation system. His other interests include the benchmarking of machine learning algorithms against statistical models, GPU computing and the interaction dynamics of machine learning algorithms. Before joining CCAF, he interned with various companies in investment banking and consulting.
Louise Smith
Graphic Designer, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Louise
Louise is our in-house Graphic Designer, producing all of the Centre's reports, programmes and infographics.
She graduated from the Norwich School of Art & Design several years ago and has been actively designing ever since, she joined the Centre a year ago and has been an asset ever since.
Kate Belger
Administrator, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
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Kate is Administrator for the CCAF team. She has wide experience of administrative practice across the University of Cambridge. She has worked for the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, as senior secretary supporting a team of academics and researchers. Her College work includes administrative roles in the Mistress' office at Girton College, and the Development Offices of Girton and Murray Edwards College.
Bob Wigley
Fellow, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
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Bob is Chairman of UK Finance, Victoria Beckham, Ellestone Apparel and Bink. He is a Non-Executive Director of Nordengine Capital and the Qatar Financial Centre Authority and Chairman of its Audit Committee. He is a Trustee of the Peter Jones Foundation. He is a member of the advisory boards of Blockchain, Remora, Symphony Environmental and Tetronics International. He is a Visiting Fellow of Oxford University and Chairman of Oxford University's Centre for Corporate Reputation. He chairs the Courtyard Appeal for the Royal College of Music and sits on its Council. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants and has a business degree and an honorary doctorate from Bath University.
He was the Chairman of Merrill Lynch Europe, Middle East and Africa before it was taken over by the Bank of America. In 2010, he was appointed an Ambassador for UK Business by the Prime Minister and chaired the Green Investment Bank Commission for the Chancellor of the Exchequer looking at how the UK might fund its carbon emission reduction obligations. In 2008, he chaired a panel of leading London financial services company CEOs for the incoming Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, producing a major report on how to maintain London's competitiveness in global terms for the decade ahead and now sits on the Mayor's Panel of Economic Advisers.
Between 2011 and February 2015 he was a Non-Executive Director of the Qatar Financial Centre Authority and Chairman of its Audit Committee. He was a member of the International Business Advisory Board of British Airways from April 2012 to Dec 2014. Between 2006 and 2009, Bob was a member of the Court of the Bank of England and of its Risk policy and Audit Committees, prior to which he was a Non-Executive Director of Royal Mail Group and Chairman of its Audit Committee for three years.
Keith Bear
Fellow, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Keith
Keith Bear is currently a Fellow of the CCAF. Keith was responsible globally for the strategy and development of IBM's business in financial markets, working extensively with global clients on their major transformation programmes. He has worked extensively with financial markets infrastructure firms, trade finance organisations and banks such on deployment of blockchain technologies. Keith is also a Board Advisor to three blockchain fintechs, and a lead mentor for the Barclay's Techstars Fintech accelerator.
Keith holds a First Class Degree in Physics from Corpus Christi College, Oxford, an MSc (Distinction) in Particle Physics from University of London, and completed an IBM Master in Business Management programme at London School of Economics. He is a member of IBM's Industry Academy and a Board Director for the Enterprise Data Management Council.
Marwa Hammam
Fellow, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Marwa
Marwa currently holds the post of Executive Director of the Cambridge Master of Finance (MFin) programme with overall responsibility for the day to day running of the programme, curriculum review and enhancement, corporate development, careers coaching and marketing. She developed the credit component of the programme and teaches the core fundamentals of credit and advanced credit courses. Marwa is also a regular guest speaker on credit risk management and stress testing and authors case studies on a range of finance related topics. Marwa is an alumna of the Cambridge MFin and prior to re-joining CJBS in her current capacity, held the role of Portfolio Banker managing a $9 billion Western European power and utilities portfolio with Citigroup in London and had a Senior Credit Officer designation. Marwa has 14 years' banking experience and began her career with Citi in EMEA, where she held a number of roles in relationship management, investment banking, credit, country and market risk management between 1996 and 2002.
Between 2002-2006, she held a business origination role at the Bank of TokyoMitsubish UFJ covering the European oil and gas space in addition to co-leading a mid-tier client conversion initiative. Marwa joined Société Générale Bank as Vice President and Senior Credit Analyst in 2006, covering a portfolio of Western European construction, media, industrial and consumer goods clients and worked closely with coverage and product areas including derivatives, structured finance, securitisation and trade finance. Marwa also had responsibility for monitoring and managing names with evident migration in credit quality and was actively involved with a number of remedial management situations during her time with SocGen.
Marwa holds a Masters of Finance Degree from Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, an MBA from Birmingham Business School and a BA in Business Administration and Economics from the American University in Cairo. Marwa undertook credit risk training with Citi in the late 1990s in addition to completing the six months Chase Manhattan credit course.
Diane-Laure Arjaliès
Research Fellow, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
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Diane-Laure has been an Assistant Professor at the Ivey Business School (Western University, Canada) since 2015. Her research investigates how the fashioning of new devices and/or collective actions can help transform markets towards sustainability. An ethnographer by training, she enjoys field research and sharing her experience with students and practitioners. Over the past decade, she has studied the emergence of responsible investing, conservation finance, impact assessment, integrated reporting, and alternative currencies. With a renowned team of social scientists of finance she co-authored Chains of Finance: How Investment Management is Shaped (OUP). Diane-Laure's work in this area has won several academic and professional prizes. The French Ministry for Finance and Economy appointed her to the Scientific Committee of the French SRI label, she is a board member of the French Social Investment Forum, an advisory member of the Principles for Responsible Investing and a Jury member of the FIR-PRI Finance and Sustainability Awards. Before working at Ivey, Diane-Laure was Assistant Professor at HEC Paris. Prior to academic life, she worked for several years as an analyst in an asset management company and as a social economy manager in a mutual insurance company. She graduated with a PhD in management, an MBA and an MPhil in organisational theory, with highest honor.
Rolf Hickmann
Research Fellow, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Rolf
Rolf founded pH Group, now an Experian company, in 1987; a specialised data-analytics consultancy, it focused entirely on the business population of the UK, France, and several other countries, pioneering the extensive use of databases. The pH data, tools and models are still used by the top UK commercial banks (and several in France), most key utilities, telco providers and several insurers. Prior to this Rolf was a Strategy Consultant and Case Leader at the Bolton Consulting Group in Munich, London and Paris.
Since leaving pH Group in 2012, Rolf has been advising firms and institutions in a personal capacity on a number of projects involving SME financing and credit analysis. He is particularly interested in research that can provide the basis for effective, new funding mechanisms for deserving SMEs (especially in times of market failure), reflecting a data-led understanding of how this population segments, and what contribution each segment makes to the economy at large, as well as in risk-adjusted returns. A specific focus of interest is the cohort of "expanding" firms, which uniquely combine lower default rates with high needs, yet are typically underserved by the mainstream channels. Rolf has a BSc in Physics from the University of Texas (Austin) and an MBA in Finance from University of California, Berkeley.
Mingfeng Lin
Research Fellow, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Mingfeng
Dr Mingfeng Lin is an Assistant Professor of Management Information Systems at the Eller College of Management, University of Arizona. His primary research interest is IT-enabled new markets and novel business models, particularly online crowdfunding and other forms of alternative finance. He has published in journals including Management Science and Information Systems Research.
Gina Pieters
Research Fellow, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Gina
Dr Gina Pieters is currently a Lecturer at the Kenneth C. Griffin Department of Economics, University of Chicago. Her research examines the use of cryptocurrencies and similar DLT-enabled projects. She is particularly interested in their implications for international markets. In addition to PhD in Economics from the University of Minnesota, she holds a BSc in Physics from the University of California, Santa Cruz.
Jon Frost
Research Affiliate, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Jon
Jon Frost is a Senior Economist in the Innovation and the Digital Economy unit of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS). In this role, he conducts policy-oriented research on FinTech and digital innovation. He has written on FinTech credit, BigTech in finance, and technology and inequality. Previously, Jon worked at the Financial Stability Board (FSB), the Dutch central bank (DNB), VU University in Amsterdam, and in the private sector in Germany. Jon is a US citizen. He holds an MA degree in economics from the University of Munich, and a PhD in economics from the University of Groningen. He is an alumnus of the policy fellowship at the Centre for Science and Policy of the University of Cambridge.
David De Cremer
Research Affiliate, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
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Professor David De Cremer is currently the KPMG chair of management studies at Cambridge Judge Business School and a research fellow at the Ruihua Innovative Management Research Institute (a think tank on Chinese companies), at Zhejiang University. In 2009-2010 he was named the most influential (behavioral) economist in the Netherlands and in 2016 the Top Thought Leader in Trust by the organisation Trust Across America whose annual list recognises people for efforts "in elevating societal trust." He has been an associate editor of the Academy of Management Annals and Social Justice Research. In addition to more than 200 academic articles, he has also published several popular books such as When good people do bad things: on the psychology behind the financial crisis, and The proactive leader: How to overcome procrastination and be a bold decision maker. His latest book Huawei: Leadership, culture and connectivity has sold over more than a million copies.
Ravi Vig
Research Affiliate, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Ravi
Ravi Vig is a business leader with general management, programme management, strategic and operations management, and management consulting experience across private, public and non-profit sectors. He has provided transformational and change leadership to the financial services industry including banking, insurance, corporate treasury and cash management, energy trading and risk management, financial supply chain management and financial inclusion domains.
Ravi has an extensive experience in setting up, turning around and leading organisations, with strategic planning, alignment of goals and objectives between the organisation and the employees, designing the supporting operating model, and its realisation through implementation and management of operations management functions. He is passionate about building organizations with sustainable value proposition, supported and reinforced through focus on the stakeholder management, corporate culture, human capital and social capital for greater efficiencies, creativity and engagement.
Ravi received his Masters in Business Administration (MBA) from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, Certification in Strategic Non-Profit Management from the Harvard Business School, and bachelors degree in Mathematics and Computer Science from the University of Santo Tomas.
Miguel A. Soriano
Research Affiliate, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Miguel
Miguel Soriano is a corporate finance leader and Fintech specialist with more than 15 years of experience in investment banking, business development, strategy consulting and project management. Currently, he is a Digital Finance Specialist Consultant for IFC in their Latin America FIG Advisory practice. Prior to that, he was a Fintech Specialist Consultant for IFC in Singapore on the ASEAN Financial Innovation Network (AFIN) project. In this role, Miguel was responsible for the development of the strategic framework for identifying, cataloguing and structuring the list of Fintech companies that will collaborate with banks in an industry sandbox, in order to drive financial inclusion in the ASEAN region.
While living in Singapore, Miguel completed a PhD in Business at Singapore Management University (SMU). His doctoral research, which was funded by a research grant from MasterCard on financial inclusion and social entrepreneurship, was focused on the development of an empirical, data driven model that quantifies the key factors that drive financial inclusion and financial performance in Fintech startups. His doctoral research has immediate practical applications for VC firms and investors, which evaluate the financial performance of new technology ventures in financial inclusion, by providing a quantitative, data-driven methodology. He is viewed as an expert in Fintech and financial inclusion, and continues to work closely with Fintech startups, serving as a mentor, evaluating potential Fintech startup investment opportunities, and advising startups in financial inclusion that want to expand in emerging markets. Prior to moving to Singapore, Miguel worked in Wall Street for 12 years – first three years in Treasury at Merrill Lynch, and the remainder of the time in investment banking at Credit Suisse, JP Morgan and Deutsche Bank, giving him a in-depth perspective of both the back office and front office operations of global banks. He has a double major in Mechanical Engineering and Physics from New York University (NYU) and an MBA in Finance and International Business from NYU Stern School of Business.
Matt Homer
Research Affiliate, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
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Matt focuses on the intersection of technology, finance, and policy. He has worked on these issues from a variety of perspectives: as a consultant, regulator, and funder. Most recently, at the US Agency for International Development, Matt designed and launched the RegTech for Regulators Accelerator, a first-of-its kind programme focused on supporting government innovation using startup methodologies. He also oversaw the agency's efforts to advance inclusive fintech in India. Prior to this, Matt was a member of the consumer policy team at the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation where he helped formulate the agency's policy on various emerging technologies and drove several efforts related to economic inclusion, student loans, and mortgage lending. He began working in the financial services space as a consultant at Deloitte where he helped develop the firm's market strategy for financial regulatory reform. Matt received a Master of Public Policy from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government.
Schan Duff
Research Affiliate, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Schan
Schan works at the nexus of law, finance and regulation. A lawyer by training, Schan practiced law for more than a decade with the international law firms O'Melveny & Myers and Allen & Overy. Schan currently serves an advisor to FSD Africa and the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP) where he advises on the design and implementation of regulatory frameworks to support innovation and financial inclusion in less developed economies.
Over the course of his career, Schan has been a Fellow of the Zicklin Center for Business Ethics Research, a Wharton Corporate Social Responsibility Fellow, an Olin Fellow in Law and Economics, an American Inns of Court Temple Bar Scholar and an honorary member of the Commercial Bar Association of England and Wales. He is an elected member of the American Law Institute. Schan earned a BA in Political Economy from Williams College, a JD from the University of Chicago Law School and a PhD from The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania where his doctoral research focused on macroprudential regulation.
Jason Allen
Research Affiliate, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
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Dr Jason Grant Allen is a Senior Fellow at the Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society. His research explores how new technology enables behaviour that not only requires a legal response, but also catalyses changes in the legal system itself and provides insights into the nature of law as a technologically-mediated social practice. Jason's work embraces both constitutional theory and financial law, positioning him well to apprehend the micro/transactional and macro/systemic aspects of alternative finance.
Jason is Joint principal investigator (with Professor Gerhard Dannemann) on a DFG-funded project on the work of émigré jurist F.A. Mann, co-ordinating the efforts of an international group of scholars of monetary law to understand the way that legal and economic theories of money evolved over the 20th century, and how current technological changes impact the conventional wisdom. Jason is a co-investigator (with principal investigator Professor Rosa Maria Lastra) on the project "Legal and Economic Conceptions of Money" under the Finance Hub of the ESRC-funded Rebuilding Macroeconomics Project at NIESR. With an interdisciplinary team, Jason is exploring how legal theory can inspire macroeconomic theory that is better grounded and more policy-relevant.
Jason received a BA & LLB (1st) from the University of Tasmania (2007), LLM in International Economic Law from the University of Augsburg as a DAAD scholar (2010), and PhD in Law from the University of Cambridge as a Poynton Scholar (2017). He was an Alexander von Humboldt Post-Doctoral Scholar at the Humboldt University Centre for British Studies (2017-2019). Jason is a dual-qualified lawyer (NY and Australia, currently non-practising) and served as Judicial Assistant to the Rt. Hon. Sir Geoffrey Vos, Chancellor of the High Court of England and Wales (2016-2017). His interest in payments technology and alternative finance began in 2013 with an off-grid solar start-up combining smart metering, peer-to-beer energy transmission, and a blockchain-based payments system. Jason is currently working on a start-up project building a financial services platform for the West African market. Jason is a Visiting Fellow at the University of New South Wales and an Adjunct Lecturer at the University of Tasmania.
Nafis Alam
Research Affiliate, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Nafis
Nafis is currently working as an Associate Professor of Finance at Henley Business School Malaysia, University of Reading Malaysia. He previously served as an Associate Professor of Finance at the Nottingham University Business School (NUBS) in the University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus (UNMC).
Prior to this, he was attached with Monash University where he worked as a lecturer in finance. His scholarly articles have been published in leading journals including The World Economy, Emerging Markets Review, Pacific Basin Finance Journal, Journal of Asset Management, Journal of Banking Regulation, Review of Islamic Economics and Journal of Financial Services Marketing among others. He has also co-authored five books on Islamic Finance – among them is Encyclopaedia of Islamic Finance which is the first of its kind and has sold over 1000 copies worldwide.
As a frequent traveller, he has given lectures on finance and Islamic finance across the world, including: Harvard Islamic Finance forum at Harvard Law School; a Gulf Research Meeting at Cambridge University, UK; Durham University Summer School; Seoul International Finance Conference (SIFIC); World Islamic Economic Forum (WIFE); OIC Asia Trade and Economic Forum, Central bank of Turkey among others. Dr Alam has served as a visiting Associate Professor at various universities in the UK and Indonesia. He was featured as a Professor of the Month by Financial Times (FT) in 2014 and received an award for Upcoming Personality in Islamic Finance in 2016 presented by GIFA and hosted by the Indonesian government.
He is an avid writer and contribute regularly to the mainstream newspaper, economic forum and professional outlets like WEF, Huffington Post,The Edge, The Conversation among others. He has been interviewed by Sputnik, UK; CBS, USA, ABC Australia. Recently, He has been appointed as a Workshop Director for Fintech and Islamic Finance Workshop by the Gulf Research Council of University of Cambridge. He is one of the top influencer in the area of Fintech, Banking regulation, financial Inclusion and Islamic finance. He mentors Fintech platforms in the SEA region. He can be followed on Twitter
Pawee Jenweeranon
Research Affiliate, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Pawee
Pawee is a lecturer in law at the Faculty of Law, Thammasat University, Thailand. Prior joining Thammasat University, Pawee was a legal officer at the National Anti-Corruption Commission and the Supreme Court of Thailand. His research concerns the regulatory framework for the development of financial technology to enhance financial inclusion, with particular reference to ASEAN countries. He engaged in research projects related to fintech while he was working as a visiting researcher at the National University of Singapore and the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition. Pawee received an LLB and LLM from Thammasat University (Thailand) and a second LLM from Nagoya University (Japan).
Rasheed Saleuddin
Research Affiliate, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Rasheed
Dr Rasheed Saleuddin is a post-doc at the Cambridge Judge Business School's Centre for Endowment Asset Management. His policy-focused works include a Palgrave Macmillan book on financial regulation, Regulating Securitized Products: A Post Crisis Guide, while his first academic book, The Government of Markets, on the role of the US government in the making of modern capital markets, will be published by Palgrave in 2019. Rasheed's academic and professional interests currently lie in examining the theories, past experiences and current policy dilemmas involved with the intersection of state regulation and policy responses, as well as in alternative finance. Before completing his PhD in history at the University of Cambridge as a fully-funded CERF Scholar, he was a hedge fund manager at the activist Canadian investment firm, West Face Capital. Before 2008 he specialised in regulatory solutions for banks all over the world. He also holds a masters degree in regulation, with distinction, from the LSE, and is eligible to use the Chartered Financial Analyst designation. He is currently an early stage investor in and advisor to fintech companies.
Armando Castro
Research Affiliate, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Armando
Dr Armando Castro is a Fellow at Department of Management of the London School of Economics. Dr Castro holds a PhD in Management from Imperial College London and was a visiting PhD student at Cambridge nJudge Business School, University of Cambridge (2016/17). He also holds a Masters in Public Administration (MPA) from LSE and a bachelors degree in economics (cum laude) from the University of Trento.
His research is interdisciplinary, spanning across the fields of management and organisation theory to economics and sociology. More specifically, his research interest is in institutional trust, fintech and governance. He has presented his work at international conferences such as the Academy of Management Annual Meetings, European Group for Organisational Studies (EGOS) Colloquium, and Strategic Management Society Annual Conference. His work on corruption was published in the Journal of Management Inquiry.
Prior to his academic career, he worked as a consultant for the Brazilian and Italian governments, for international consultancy firms in strategic and business development .
Davinia Cogan
Research Affiliate, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Davinia
Davinia Cogan works at Energy 4 Impact, a UNDP and World Bank founded non-profit focused on finding business solutions to energy poverty. Davinia joined Energy 4 Impact in 2013 to help launch their business advisory team in East Africa, and managed the rollout of a USAID funded programme bringing pay-as-you-go solar home systems to Rwanda. She is the Programme Manager of Crowd Power, a UK government funded programme exploring the role of crowdfunding and peer-to-peer lending in financing off-grid energy startups in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Prior to joining Energy 4 Impact, Davinia completed a microfinance fellowship in Tajikistan and worked as a consultant to non-profits and social enterprises including the Social Stock Exchange in London. She also held roles in investment management at ING Australia. She has a MA in International Studies from the University of Sydney and a Bachelor of Business (Finance, International Business) from the University of Technology Sydney.
Eva Huang
Research Affiliate, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
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Dr Eva Huang is a Lecturer of the Discipline of Business Law at the University of Sydney Business School, and the founder and editor of the Journal of Chinese Tax and Policy. She has close collaborative relationships with the Department of Public Finance and the Law School of Xiamen University. This collaboration resulted in the first English language comprehensive work on Chinese taxation - Taxation in China (Thomson Reuters, 2017 forthcoming), her co-author is Professor Bin Yang. Her research interests include regulating alternative finance and internet finance, financial innovation – especially fintech and regtech, and comparative fiscal policy and tax law. She worked for the Australian Treasury as a policy analyst, focusing on the tax policy of non-profit organisations. Eva has extensive experience as a translator and interpreter, specialising in financial, technical and legal material. She has consulted tax and business advisors in regards to cross-border transactions involving China. Eva is also a freelance art dealer and curator, specialising in contemporary Chinese sculpture, oil, and watercolours using traditional medium and technique. Eva has a PhD, a Juris Doctor, a Masters of Taxation, and double degrees in Arts (Social Policy and German), and Commerce (Accounting and Economics) with First Class Honours (Commercial Law) from the University of Sydney.
Kathryn Vagneur
Research Affiliate, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Kathryn
Kathryn focuses on complex organisational systems. She has served on boards in the insurance, fund management and energy sectors and led consulting projects in financial services. Her interim management appointments have been in entities where success required processes to be realigned with strategy. Kathryn has had a long association with the Royal United Services Institute which includes serving as a trustee and chair of RUSI's finance committee. A past-chairman of the UK Society of CPAs, she is a qualified accountant, earned her PhD at London Business School and teaches corporate governance at Edinburgh Business School. Kathryn's research has explored governance, management control and resilience issues, especially weaknesses in the global system of financial service regulation and oversight which enabled the financial crisis 2007-2009. Her recent research has examined vulnerabilities created by projects based on blockchain technology.
Katherine Cloud
Research Associate in Regulatory Innovation, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Katherine
Kat is a Research Associate in regulatory innovation at CCAF where her research has mainly focused on regulatory sandboxes, regulatory reform and financial inclusion. She is currently on secondment from the UK Financial Conduct Authority where she worked across a number of functions. She served as engagement lead for Innovate where she worked closely with global financial regulators, the UK Government, and fintech firms to encourage a closer relationship between the FCA and the fintech ecosystem. Kat was also a policy advisor in the Banking and Payments team at the FCA where she helped implement PSD2 as well as supporting the establishment of Open Banking within the UK. Kat holds a bachelors degree in International Business Management from the University of Lincoln.
Zain Umer
Research Associate in Regulatory Innovation, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
Read more about Zain
Zain is a Research Associate in regulatory innovation and financial inclusion at CCAF where his focus has been innovation offices, financial inclusion and fintech. He is currently on secondment from the UK Financial Conduct Authority where he worked across a number of functions. He served as engagement lead for Innovate, working closely with global financial regulators and the UK Government as well as on the Global Financial Innovation Network. Zain was also an Enforcement Associate, focusing on cases of financial crime including bribery, corruption and terrorist finance. Zain holds a bachelors degree in law.


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Nick Peter
Orchestra Hall Event and Facility Sales Manager
Sarah Flake
Event and Facility Services Manager
Greg Geiger
Manager of Concert Enhancements and Concessions
Orchestra Hall is one of the best venues in the Twin Cities, hands down. The stunning facility is so versatile, allowing for endless combinations of spaces for any size or type of event. I am impressed with the ease of planning, attention to detail and high level of service provided by Scott and the entire Orchestra Hall staff. I appreciate the flexibility of being able to choose from several caterers on their list, ensuring the right food service and style for my clients. I love working at Orchestra Hall and can't wait to do it again!"
Gretchen Culver
Owner | Rocket Science Weddings & Events


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Making your own money, literally!
What do you do if there is an acute shortage of currency notes? In India, we recollect, standing in serpentine queues patiently while some making do with what they had.
But this place in Venezuela decided to take matters in its own hands as there was simply no end in sight.
The town of Elorza has started issuing its own paper currency. The paper bills feature the face of independence hero José Andrés Elorza and is named after the hero and the town. The "official" Venezuelan currency is known as Bolivars.
Residents and visitors wanting to buy Elorzas can do so via bank transfer or debit card payment at the mayor's office. The local authorities charge 8% commission but say they will offer a refund for any unspent Elorzas.
This the second town in Venezuela to have its own currency – earlier El Panal in the Caracas started issuing its own currency, known as Panales and it could be exchanged for rice grown in the community.
Venezuela has the highest rate of inflation in the world. In the year to the end of February 2018, prices in Venezuela rose by more than 6,000%.


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Recent Posts
Category Archives: Links
Paper Tigers and Model Minorities
http://nymag.com/news/features/asian-americans-2011-5/ The above link is a response, of sorts, to the Amy Chua "controversy" that seemed to galvanize proponents of Western culture everywhere a couple months ago. For those who were not in the know (or choose not to remember), … Continue reading
Posted in Links, Musings, Not-So-Revealing-Personal-Revelations 1 Comment
More Links
A blog post from a Syrian woman whose father is incredible: http://damascusgaygirl.blogspot.com/2011/04/my-father-hero.html And a supposedly passive-aggressive, infuriating article from someone: http://blog.penelopetrunk.com/2011/03/05/the-workplace-should-be-segregated-maybe/
Shouts and Murmurs
From this weeks' New Yorker. This is goddamn brilliant (to literary nerds): http://www.newyorker.com/humor/2011/05/02/110502sh_shouts_hanson
Tina Fey at Google
This is both really interesting and pretty awkward: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8Mkufm3ncc&feature=player_embedded
Indeed. What was lost in the "Change" and "Hope" hype was that Obama campaigned on a remarkably centrist platform. That doesn't always win him points with the crazy liberals like myself (DOMA needs to end NOW), but the caricature portrayed … Continue reading
Virtual Reality
You start to see stories like this more often these days. The impersonality of the Internet is most commonly reviewed when it appears in the form of invective and vitriol spewed by safely anonymous commenters, but this is the kind … Continue reading
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text: The Seclusion was an intense book. From the first few pages, I was hooked on the story, and the clearly delineated dystopian world that Patricia 'Patch' and her co-worker Rexx finds themselves in once the blinders about what actually is happening in their country and around the world come off. You see Patch has always believed everything that her government tells her: other countries around the world are killing their citizens, North Korea bombed the United States, and the only thing keeping them safe are the four feet deep, ten feet tall, and thousands of feet long border walls to the north and south of the country and various surveillance methods are the only things keeping the US citizens safe. Read more →


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IT and US: Tito Schipa - The voice and the grace
- WTI Magazine #99 Jan 20, 2018
The first anthological exhibition on Tito Schipa's musical life and career was held in 2017 in Bari (Puglia), in the Castello Svevo. For the first time, relics and documents, public and private, loaned by the Schipa family and the Schipa - Carluccio Archive in Lecce, have been exhibited as testimony to the art and prodigious career of he who is now considered one of the greatest tenors, and in particular the greatest "grace" tenor (tenore di grazia) in the Opera history.
However, the importance of the singer from Lecce goes far beyond the limitations of genre. It can be well summed up by the definition given by Rodolfo Celletti, one of the greatest and most respected critics and vocal experts: he testified his own superlative esteem for the tenor from Puglia attributing to him the title of "singer from the neck up".
With this simple phrase, Celletti meant that since the first successes in Spain and South America in the 1910's, followed by those in the United States of the immediate post-Caruso and then in the whole world for 54 years (!), it was clear that in the varied panorama of vocal interpreters from all over the world a rare talent was born. A talent able to combine in his performance, in addition to the technical and musical quality (Schipa was also a composer and orchestra conductor), also a high culture, a strong stylistic coherence applied to the various genres, a burning sensuality and the perfection of the phrasing. All these characteristics did characterize Schipa, according to Celletti, as an interpreter whose intelligence and rigour were absolutely on a par with his feelings.
The memory and the passionate love that In every part of the world are still paid to Tito Schipa, universally loved by the public of musical theatre, are perfectly described in this exhibition on the figure of the "man who sang as a tenor" (as he himself liked to define himself) through the care of his son. Tito Schipa Jr. organizes an itinerary of discovery of the artist and of the man with simplicity, clarity and sensitivity aimed to every kind of audience, particularly the youngest ones. In the exhibition, costumes, personal objects and photographic documents from every moment of Schipa's career coexist with video projections whose scripts have been written exclusively for the exhibition. Based on historical fragments and "graphic novel" techniques, they are accompanied by the most significant pieces, in the masterful and often unsurpassed interpretation of opera arias and Spanish and Neapolitan songs of the greatest authors.
Particular attention is paid to the very long American period of Schipa's career, so long and resounding that he is considered an American singer. After all, the tradition of electing as "first tenor of the world" an interpreter who was necessarily Italian and successful in the United States, begun with Caruso and then continued with Schipa.
From 1919 to 1925 Schipa is the first tenor of the Civic Opera in Chicago, before moving from 1935 until the beginning of the war to the Metropolitan in New York. His booklet of these twenty years is extraordinarily rich. From its princely residences of Beverly Hills, between operas and concerts, Schipa touches all the main cities of North America and also many less important places. He breaks every record of frequency on stage of any other singer, receiving haunting criticism on all newspapers and magazines, today collected in the great "scrapbooks" created by his first wife Lillì Michel dìOgoy, and part of the exhibition.
The public is able to consult the press (both American and from other parts of the world) on Schipa, day by day, as artistic reviews and as adventures and accidents, honours, involvement with Cinema, Jazz, technological innovations, and small scandals and financial misadventures. Schipa was probably the better-paid singer ever, accumulating and losing real fortunes: that made the Italian tenor a protagonist of worldliness and gossip.
The exhibition was conceived by Tito Schipa Jr. in collaboration with Tommaso Morciano, Ceo of Nova Apulia, a company that manages the state museums in Puglia (www.novaapulia.it - www.agorasophiaedutainment.it) and by the architect Elena Giangiulio, who designed the entire exhibition area. The next objectives are to bring the exhibition around the world, and one of the places where Tito Schipa is undoubtedly most felt and recognized is the United States of America. For information on the exhibition and the possibility of collaborating, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com.


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|Season 1
|01 "Pilot"
|09 "Harvey Dent"
|17 "Red Hood"
|02 "Selina Kyle"
|10 "Lovecraft"
|18 "Everyone Has a Cobblepot"
|03 "The Balloonman"
|11 "Rogues' Gallery"
|19 "Beasts of Prey"
|04 "Arkham"
|12 "What The Little Bird Told Him"
|20 "Under the Knife"
|05 "Viper"
|13 "Welcome Back, Jim Gordon"
|21 "The Anvil or the Hammer"
|06 "Spirit of the Goat"
|14 "The Fearsome Dr. Crane"
|22 "All Happy Families Are Alike"
|07 "Penguin's Umbrella"
|15 "The Scarecrow"
|08 "The Mask"
|16 "The Blind Fortune Teller"
- "There will be more like me, detective. You know that, don't you?"
- —The Balloonman to Detective Gordon
"The Balloonman" is the third episode of the first season of Gotham. It aired on October 6th, 2014.
Detectives Gordon and Bullock track down a Vigilante who is killing corrupt Gotham citizens by attaching them to weather balloons. Meanwhile, Oswald Cobblepot returns to Gotham and gets a new job close to an influential figure in the underworld.[1]
Oswald Cobblepot gets off a city bus, back in Gotham and happy to see corruption and crime still afoot. A breaking news report on a nearby TV reports that a businessman, Ronald Danzer, is out on bail awaiting trial for a Ponzi scheme that bilked Gotham's citizens out of half a billion dollars.
At his penthouse, Danzer tells his lawyer to bribe or intimidate whoever is necessary to get him off. He leaves the building in disguise and is accosted by a man in a pig mask selling balloons from a cart. The man confirms Danzer's identity, then handcuffs him to a weather balloon and Danzer rises into the sky, screaming for help. The news crew camped outside Danzer's home notice his plight and excitedly film it for a live report.
At GCPD headquarters, Gordon meets Lieutenant Bill Cranston, and the two discuss their different methods, with Cranston showing Gordon his weapon for interrogating suspects, "O'Brian", an award from the Gotham City Chamber of Commerce for his years of service.
Gordon then joins Bullock to discuss the clues concerning the death of Danzer. Bullock says that, as far as he's concerned, the killer did Gotham City a favor, and he will not be breaking a sweat to catch him. The discussion goes back to the Wayne Case until they are they are interrupted by Davis Lamond of Gotham Juvenile Services. He asks Gordon to sign a form granting him temporary custody of Selina Kyle, as a witness to a murder. Recognizing Selina as one of the children kidnapped, Bullock angrily asks why Gordon is still looking into the Wayne case, which is closed, and Gordon tells him to focus on their current case, and find the source of the weather balloon, which the killer could not have just picked up in a store. Gordon then leaves with Selina.
In the alley where the Wayne murder took place, Selina tells Gordon what she saw. He is skeptical at first, saying the details she is reciting were all over the news, but she says she can prove that she was in the alley, since she had just robbed a man of his wallet. Gordon admits that the man reported the theft, by a person matching Selina's description, but says that still doesn't prove she was in the alley when the murder occurred. Selina counters that she dropped the wallet into a sewer opening in the alley. He handcuffs her to a nearby railing, before going down the manhole to check. He finds the wallet, confirming her story, but she escapes the handcuffs, drops them down the manhole at Gordon's feet, and waves a jaunty goodbye, before taking off.
At her nightclub, Fish Mooney tells Lazlo to take a rest, when Detectives Renee Montoya and Crispus Allen enter the establishment. The two Major Crimes Unit detectives question Mooney about Cobblepot, and Mooney repeats the rumor on the street that Gordon executed him, on Don Falcone's orders.
In an alley, Cobblepot is recognized by one of Mooney's underlings, who tries to drag him back to her. The man says Mooney will pay generously for his hide, and wonders aloud at Cobblepot's stupidity at coming back to Gotham at all. Cobblepot defiantly replies that Gotham is his home, and he is its future, before producing a hidden knife and stabbing the man to death. He drags the man out of sight, then lifts his wallet and proceeds to buy himself a tuna sandwich from a nearby food truck.
At Wayne Manor, Alfred Pennyworth and Bruce Wayne fence with canes after Alfred has been pestering Bruce to loosen up and get some exercise. During their swordplay, the file pertaining to the investigation of the Wayne murder falls open and Alfred asks why Bruce would want to see such terrible images. Bruce says he is looking for clues to his parents' murder. Alfred reminds him that Gordon is looking into the case, and Bruce asks whether Alfred really thinks Gordon will find the killer. Alfred is silent.
At the GCPD, Gordon cleans his shoes and reluctantly phones juvenile services to report Selina's escape. As he hangs up, he is accosted by Montoya and Allen, who accuse him of Cobblepot's murder. Gordon denies it and leaves.
At Bamonte's Restaurant, Cobblepot tries to get a job but is rejected because he does not have the right shoes. Cobblepot solves this by following an employee from Bamonte's out of the restaurant after work, and asking him his shoe size.
At police headquarters, Bullock and Gordon talk about Montoya and Allen's accusations. Bullock, who still believes Gordon really did kill Cobblepot, assures Gordon that there is no evidence to be found. They then go in to question Jimmy, the owner of the balloon that was used to kill Danzer. He tells them that he suspected one of his former employees, a high-school dropout named Carl Smikers, of stealing the balloons. Noticing that Jimmy said "balloons", plural, Gordon asks how many were taken, and Jimmy replies, four. Gordon and Bullock trade a look, realizing the "Balloonman" plans to kill at least three other people.
In an alley, Bill Cranston beats on Frankie, for not having enough money to give him. Leaving the drug dealer in the street, Cranston is approached by a masked vendor who confronts him, and snaps a handcuff onto the detective's wrist. Cranston defends himself and manages to subdue the masked man, going through his pockets for identification. But the masked man manages to attach a second cuff to Cranston's ankle and inflate the second weather balloon, and Cranston rises into the air, screaming for help.
At Wayne Manor, Alfred rebukes Bruce for leaving the meals Alfred prepares for him untouched, arguing that in "times like these", Bruce needs to keep his strength up. Bruce switches the topic of the conversation to the Balloonman, showing Alfred the most recent issue of the Gotham Gazette.
At Barbara Kean's penthouse Jim and Barbara discuss the recent activities of the Balloonman. Barbara mentions the murder of the previous day, and Jim admits that he can understand the appeal of vigilantism in a city as corrupt as Gotham, where the police honestly can't be relied upon to do their jobs.
In her office, Captain Essen demands a resolution to the Balloonman murders. Gordon and Bullock reveal their information about the additional balloons, and Essen asks who the next likely targets are. Gordon replies that if they fit the profile of the two previous victims (Danzer and Cranston), then they will be prominent public figures who are outwardly respectable but known to be corrupt. Essen replies that in Gotham City, that doesn't exactly narrow things down.
At Bamonte's, Cobblepot is working as a dishwasher in the kitchen, and watches as the manager enthusiastically welcomes Don Salvatore Maroni, the leader of Gotham's second-most powerful crime family and Falcone's chief competitor.
Bullock checks with some contacts of his among Gotham prostitutes, who mention that Smikers has a secret weakness for being dominated by big, strong women. This leads them to discover Smikers at one such dominatrix's apartment. Gordon apprehends Smikers quickly, while the woman throws Bullock around the room and is about to kill him before Gordon points his gun and she freezes.
At her club, Fish Mooney consoles her boy-toy, Lazlo, who is worried about her (not, he assures her, about himself, even if Falcone had him beaten up as a lesson to her). Afterwards, Fish tells one of her henchmen to get rid of Lazlo, as he's "lost his spine", and also to make Falcone's latest lover, Natalia, undergo an unfortunate accident.
At Barbara's penthouse, Montoya enters and confronts her, urging her to stay away from Gordon, who killed Cobblepot. Barbara refuses to believe her, thinking Montoya is just jealous. Montoya admits she still has feelings for Barbara and attempts to kiss her, but Barbara asks her to leave.
At the GCPD, Smikers is questioned by Gordon and Bullock. He swears he had nothing to do with the murders and just sold the balloons to make money. Bullock sarcastically describes Smikers as a "secret" criminal mastermind, since the Balloonman has come up with the perfect crime, a way of murdering someone that disposes of the weapon and the victim at the same time. Smikers, surprised, says the bodies will come back - he may be a dunce, but he learned enough working for Jimmy to understand how weather balloons work - as they rise higher into the atmosphere, the helium inside expands and the material turns brittle from the colder temperature, and eventually the balloon pops.
Sure enough, a middle-aged woman is walking her dog and looks up just in time to see Cranston's body plummet onto her head, killing her.
Bullock is at the crime scene, examining the squashed remains of Cranston and the dog walker, when Gordon arrives and tells him the Balloonman has struck again. His third victim is Cardinal Quinn, a prominent member of the church who was facing charges for sexually abusing children. One of the crime techs shows them an evidence bag with the contents of Cranston's pockets, and Bullock asks why Gordon's name would be on a piece of paper in Cranston's pocket. Gordon looks closer, and says he knows who the Balloonman is.
At Bamonte's, Cobblepot overhears Maroni talking with one of his men about "Arkham" and Falcone. Noticing Cobblepot listening, Maroni walks over to him and asks his name. Cobblepot says it's Paolo, and Maroni notes that he doesn't look Italian. Cobblepot replies that he's Italian on his mother's side, and that's the side of his heritage he's decided to claim. Maroni approves of a man who cares for his mother, and gives Cobblepot some money and confides that once he was a lot like "Paolo" - poor, unknown, but he worked hard and now look at him. In a more dangerous tone, Maroni asks whether the names that he heard, "Arkham" and "Falcone" mean anything to him, and Cobblepot denies hearing anything at all. Both of them are distracted by the latest news report on the Balloonman, featuring footage of Cardinal Quinn being lifted into the sky by the weather balloon. Maroni comments that this kind of vigilante activity is bad for business in the city, and some things just aren't done, such as murdering priests – "at least not in public." The two share a laugh, before Maroni tells Cobblepot to go home and take care of his mother.
At the GCPD, Detective Gordon identifies the Balloonman as Davis Lamond, who has worked for Gotham Juvenile Services for over fifteen years. The paper in Cranston's pocket was the form that Gordon signed when Lamond turned Selina Kyle over to his temporary custody. Gordon guesses that Cranston managed to search Lamond's pockets before he was attached to the weather balloon. Gordon also reports that Lamond's co-workers described him as sweet, dedicated and motivated; Essen asks what could cause that kind of man to snap and begin killing people, and Gordon says he doesn't know.
Gordon and Bullock discuss where Lamond could be storing the balloons, and Gordon figures out that it's Juvenile Services' old headquarters, which has been abandoned and condemned for several months. Upon arriving, Gordon and Bullock find another balloon in the back of a van, but get ambushed by Lamond, who holds Bullock at gunpoint. He asks Gordon what crime he is guilty of, killing three men such as Danzer, Cranston and Quinn. Gordon replies that the law is supposed to punish those men's crimes, and Lamond scoffs that the law shielded these men from justice, instead of punishing them. He admits that he has seen this corruption fester in Gotham for years, but he finally snapped when Mayor James corruptly used the recent abductions of homeless children as an excuse to lock up street children in juvenile prison without trial.
Bullock gets free and manages to attach the final weather balloon to Lamond, but as he rises into the sky, Gordon grabs onto him, ordering Bullock to shoot the balloon. Bullock yells at Gordon to just let go and let Lamond die, but when it is clear that Gordon won't let go, Bullock shoots the balloon and both of them plummet to the ground.
At Mooney's Nightclub, Falcone visits Mooney, making sure there were no hard feelings from the previous night, and Fish replies "never". Falcone mentions that his mistress Natalia was mugged, with ugly results, and Fish responds sympathetically, hoping that the mugger paid with his life. Falcone replies that the mugger will, as soon as he is found - along with anyone who helped him.
As Lamond is loaded into an ambulance wearing a neck brace, he warns Gordon that more vigilantes will follow in his path. Gordon leans over him and asks him who his last intended victim was.
At Wayne Manor, Bruce and Alfred watch the news about the capture of the Balloonman. Alfred remarks that the criminals of Gotham will be sleeping better, knowing the vigilante has been caught. Bruce notes that killing people made the Balloonman a criminal as well. After Alfred leaves the room, Bruce picks up a fork and starts to eat the meal prepared for him.
At Barbara's penthouse, a bruised Gordon comes in, with Barbara relieved that he's okay. Asking him what's wrong, he tells her the city is sick in a way that he didn't realize. When he asked Lamond who his final target was, Lamond's response was, "doesn't matter." As far as Lamond was concerned, the whole city is corrupt. Barbara tells him it isn't true, but Gordon says that what matters is that too many other people believe it to be true. If people take the law into their own hands, then there will be no law, and everything will be lost. As Barbara comforts Jim, there is a knock at the door. Opening the door, Barbara alerts Jim to their visitor, Gordon looks up, and to his surprise sees Oswald Cobblepot, who greets him as an old friend.
- The Balloonman's first disguise is a reference to Professor Pyg.
- Bullock quotes William Shakespeare's phrase, "hoist with [your] own petard," meaning to be undone by a plot or scheme that you have prepared yourself (literally, being blown into the air by a land mine that you planted yourself).


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Remember that little snippet a few days ago when I said I started to intentionally photograph flowers with contrasting backgrounds? This is one of those examples. I have another one, in the same thread (poppies) coming up later that I like even more, but I enjoyed the gentle way of life this one conveys.
Month: May 2016
Breaking Rules
For those of you who follow me on Instagram/FB/Tumblr/Twitter (phew!), this photo might look a little familiar. That's because it was part of a picture I shared of the photos I went and got printed to update some frames in our house. I'm not particularly proud of the way this photo is set up in…
Thanks to our hair stylist, my mom and I have garnered an affection for pansies this year, and I took to photographing some during my outing. What I like about them is their vast spectrum of colors and that they remind me of Alice in Wonderland.
One of my favorite unintentional things (at first) that I noticed while I was doing this shoot was that I was capturing a lot of contrasting color backgrounds for the flowers I was photographing. During the editing process, however, I had loads of fun playing around with adjusting certain photographs, including this one, so that…
Dancing in the Wind
The time is finally here for fresh flower photography and I'm long overdue for a blog update. Michigan weather has decided, as always, to skip spring and go from "warm winter" to "volcanic apocalypse" within a couple day span, which means that I finally had the opportunity to get out and photograph flowers at my…


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Independent since 1974 ·
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Moosewood Restaurant New Classics: 350 Recipes for Homestyle Favorites and Everyday Feasts (Paperback)
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Not since their phenomenally successful Moosewood Restaurant Low-Fat Favorites has Ithaca, New York's, famed Moosewood Collective assembled such a comprehensive and appealing group of recipes -- all brand-new. Crowd-pleasing fare like Moosewood Muffins, savory risottos, satisfying main-dish salads, and two dozen one-dish meals are just some of the standout recipes in this indispensable collection of easy-to-make dishes. From breakfast to snacks, quick dinners and showstopping entreés to homey desserts, these are recipes cooks will reach for time and again.
As always, Moosewood Collective's enticing, flavorful fare draws on a diversity of culinary traditions. The flavors of Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas make for food that is up-to-date and exciting.
Complete with fascinating bits of multicultural food lore, time-saving tips, and interesting side notes gleaned from The Collective's many years as culinary pioneers, Moosewood Restaurant New Classics is an essential resource for every contemporary cook.
About the Author
Moosewood Restaurant opened more than 25 years ago and was recently named by Bon Appétit magazine as one of the 13 most influential and revolutionary restaurants of the twentieth century. The Moosewood Collective has received three prestigious James Beard awards and is now marketing prepared foods starting with a line of all-natural salad dressings.


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Do you want to customize paper golf ball packaging or PVC golf packaging? We can provide you with a wide variety of golf boxes packaging. As you can see, we have produced a 350g double copper as a raw material category of golf, paper thickness of 0.35mm, a total of 6 golf balls can be placed. Of course, we are a manufacturer of custom packaging , according to your request to produce the golf you need, its size and thickness can be produced according to your reques
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A case for optimism
About three years ago, I confessed in a piece for Strike-The-Root.com ("Hey, Libertarians -- Cheer Up!") that most libertarians depress the crap out of me.
They still do. That's why I love to read articles like that offered this week by Alan Bock on Antiwar.com. Alan says that, unlike most post-Marxists, he maintains a long-range optimism "that the state will eventually wither away (although I've come to accept the likelihood that it just might not happen during my lifetime)." In his essay "With a Whimper," Alan writes:
"It would hardly do to predict that the impulse has disappeared or that it won't resurface soon. But I'm beginning to think that it's just possible that the current manifestation of American empire-hunger, in its somewhat confused Bushian, neocon, neo-Wilsonian, democracy-obsessed manifestation, has reached something of a high-water mark and is likely to recede, at least for a while.Read all of Alan Bock's terrific article right here.
"The dreams of benevolent conquest are being mugged by reality."


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Full Details
Suitable for holidays or as a full time home this property offers many possibilities. It is built in a spectacular setting surrounded by mature gardens and completed by a beautiful and large communal pool.
This townhouse has been extended to 4 bedrooms and 3 bathrooms plus a cloakroom and offers marble floors and a fully fitted and equipped kitchen. The property offers direct access to the communal gardens and is built in a quiet area bordering Cal Blanque natural park with lots of walking opportunities closeby. There is also the opportunity to purchase an additional parking space within the large garage area at Las Brisas by separate negotiation.
Motivated vendor! Viewing recommended!
- Property Status: Recently Reduced
- Price: 320,000
- Price Currency: pounds
- Bedrooms: 4
- Bathrooms: 3
- Locality: Las Brisas
- Ref Number: 5


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Jia Jia is one very special panda; in fact this beloved panda that lives at Hong Kong's Ocean Park just earned two different Guinness World Records, one for being the "oldest panda ever in captivity" and another for being the "oldest panda living in captivity."
Jia Jia just celebrated her 37th birthday, and while that might not seem too old to you, that's the equivalent of 110 in human years. The park created an extra special cake for the extra special birthday girl, a giant masterpiece made out of ice and vegetables. Jia wasn't too interested in her cake though, this granny prefers to stick to her favorite food… bamboo!
Jia Jia was born in 1978 and given to Hong Kong in 1999 in celebration of the second anniversary of Britain handing over control of the city to China. Throughout her lifespan Jia Jia has given birth to six cubs, four of which are still alive and well.
Jia Jia just met the mark for world record status this year. The former oldest panda in captivity was Dudu, born in 1962 he lived until 1999 when he was a 36-years-old. In both the wild and captivity the average giant panda lives only 18-20 years, making both Dudu and Jia Jia's birthdays in their late thirties extremely impressive.
Jia Jia is just like any other granny, she needs her special medications for things like arthritic pain and high blood pressure, but other than that she's doing extremely well.
She gave her cake a try but she wasn't feeling it so much…
At her ripe old age she knows exactly what she wants and that's bamboo!
This is Jia Jia celebrating a previous birthday with a special treat made of ice and fruit. While this birthday treat looks far less fancy it appears to win over Jia Jia better than her grander cake from this year.
Watch this video about Jia Jia's big birthday milestone:
Photo Credits: guinnessworldrecords.com (h/t: Bored Panda)


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Caged by the speed of light, struggling to contain famine, pollution,
and inter-species war, scientists and politicians alike struggled
with inadequate solutions to your people's problems, knowing societal
implosion was imminent. One giant flash, a brilliant purple haze
sweeping across galaxy after galaxy, changed that forever. The flash
unlocked the solution to breaking the speed of light, for those
who knew where to look. Based on a macroscopic application of basic
quantum mechanics, your race uncovered the secret of the leap drive.
Finally, your cage had been shattered, and your race was free to
make its home amongst the stars.
Despite the protests of a vocal minority, defense spending was
slashed to begin aggressively funding colonization efforts. With
burgeoning access to the almost unlimited resources of space, many
predicted the end of poverty, hunger, and war.
They were wrong.
Your race was not the only one to uncover the secret of the leap
drive that fateful day. Almost twenty years after colonization of
the nearest galaxy was initiated, your entire space presence was
slaughtered. Only luck and fate saved your home world from destruction.
After the carnage, traces of several distinct types of leap signatures
were detected. This, combined with bits of wreckage found at the
nearest colony, hints that at least two, possible more races were
involved in the fighting, at least one clearly bent on the annihilation
of your species. Your industry prepares for war. Your children train
for combat. Your soldiers ready themselves for death. You have been
chosen to lead what is left of your race back into space to confront
the unknown evil that exterminated your defenseless colonies. As
your people scream for war, you know that you must tread carefully.
With your limited resources, you cannot afford to fight on multiple
fronts. Maybe, just maybe, one of the new races will be an ally
against the unknown enemy. Maybe, just maybe, your race will survive.


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To flick through or to download our various brochures, click on the relevant link. You can also receive on request a free hardcopy at email@example.com
2018 Magazine
Discovery of the Country of Quimperlé overview : a journey in the heart of heritage, escapes in the world of rias, outings ideas between land and sea, gourmet breaks and addresses to best organise your stay !
Download the "Discovery" section (6 Mo)
2018 Welcome Guide
For more practical information such as markets, tides timetable, cruises and leisurely activities for the family, restaurants and shops of the Country of Quimperlé.
Download the 2018 Welcome Guide (6.98 Mo)


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An aerial view of Lake Wanaka in perfect weather
Thought for the day…."Life Always offers you a second chance. It's called tomorrow".
A video instead of a photo today…the lakeside town of Wanaka on the South Island of New Zealand. A short (10 minute) drone video taken in perfect weather. Starts over the town of Wanaka then along the lakeside at Glendu Bay and finally over Dublin Bay. New Zealand at its best. Sit back and enjoy !
and another photo from the archives…an Autumn day in Glendu Bay, South Island, New Zealand (same place as featured in the video above). The glaciers visible in the background are in the Mt. Aspiring National Park, with Mt. Aspiring (3033m) visible on the skyline to the right. The mountains are part of the Southern Alps.
Censorship by Booking.com
Thought for the day…"Chocolate is ground from the beans of happiness."
"The man who is swimming against the stream knows the strength of it."
Free Speech. Something that is very important, but something that is disappearing fast in Europe. Political correctness has already gone far to far, but now the online travel agency (OTA) Booking.com is also at it.
I recently stayed in some accommodation in Zurich which I booked online via Booking.com The property was not good (badly run, dirty and with poor facilities) with poor security. Not only was the property not clean, but it appeared to have many problems, one of which was what appeared to be asylum seekers in the accommodation. So after my stay, I wrote a TRUTHFUL review to help other people in deciding whether or not to book. One of the things that I wrote in the review was that the property appeared to house asylum seekers. I did not make any statements about the rights or wrongs of this, nor did I mention nationalities, skin colour or race. No references were made to immigration policies or criminality, just a statement that there appeared to be asylum seekers housed in the property.
But Booking.com refused to publish my review because I had used the words 'asylum seekers' which they said could cause offense to some some people. I would argue that the words described (truthfully) a situation, and were just reporting what I had seen and experienced. Despite emails to Booking.com the review did not get published. So it seems that Booking.com also want to be politically correct, even if this means distorting the truth.
The result of this….I cancelled a lot of future bookings with Booking.com and now try to book direct with hotels etc. where this is possible. I am not going to have Booking.com tell me what I can and cannot say in a review. It also makes me think that the other reviews on their website may also have been edited too. So if you are reading reviews there then be aware that the reviews may have been edited for suitability. George Orwell's 1984 is here, just a bit late. Booking.com is in the same group as Priceline.com and Agoda.com
Today's photo comes from Glendhu Bay on the South Island of New Zealand. The valley in the photo was until recently one of the homes of the Canadian country-pop singer, Shania Twain. Nearby is Mt. Aspiring National Park and the Southern Alps.
and another photo from the archives….a SRN-4 hovercraft seen here in Boulogne in France. These hovercraft had a top speed of 154 km/h and crossed the English Channel in as little as 22 minutes. The record is held by the hovercraft in this photo, the Princess Anne.
National parks. What do they mean to you?
Thought for the day…." We cannot control the wind but we can direct the sail".
"Experience is what you get when you do not stop trying"
What does a national park mean to you? Probably an area set up by the government to conserve or encourage nature for future generations, and an area where developments are not allowed. The 'conservation of wild nature for posterity'. To quote from the New Zealand Department of Conservation (who administer the parks in NZ) "New Zealand's national parks contain some of our most treasured wilderness areas." Note those last words most treasured wilderness areas.
Here is a photo of Mt. Aspiring, 3033m.
News is now spreading in New Zealand (NZ) that two companies have ALREADY been given permission to extract and bottle water from the Mt. Aspiring National Park. One of these is going to be in the extremely beautiful Dart Valley, and the other towards the west coast, including an export facility next to a beach. To make matters even worse, the permits were given without public consultation (why??). A petition was started earlier this month to protest, but as permission has already been granted then probably it is far too late. Of course, the Maoris are claiming that the water belongs to them under the Treaty of Waitangi, but they are trying to claim (wrongly) that the Treaty of Waitangi gave them rights to many things which the treaty never even mentioned.
Even under NZ law, the national parks should have been protected…..
"It is hereby declared that the provisions of this Act shall have
effect for the purpose of preserving in perpetuity as national parks, for their intrinsic worth and for the benefit, use, and enjoyment of the public, areas of New Zealand that contain scenery of such distinctive quality, ecological systems, or natural features so beautiful, unique, or scientifically important that their preservation is in the national interest.
— National Parks Act 1980, Part 1, section 4, subsection 1[5]"
Yet the consents were given by the government without public consultation. HOW COULD THEY DO THIS IN A NATIONAL PARK ????? Just another sign of the way that things are going downhill in NZ.
To finish off the post, another photo….the lighthouse at Nugget Point, South Island, New Zealand


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Meet the Access Medical Staff
Mary L. Tobin, DNS, RS, CS
Dr. Tobin is an Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurse with Prescriptive Authority and is a Licensed Professional Counselor. She earned her Doctorate in Nursing Science from Louisiana State University Medical Center in New Orleans, LA in 1990. Her dissertation research about cognitive therapy won the Doctoral Award from LSUMC in 1990. She completed both her Master of Science in Nursing (1979) and Bachelor of Science in Nursing (1975) degree from Kent State University in Ohio. She is a Permanent Sponsor of continuing education for Licensed Professional Counselors, Marriage and Family Therapists, and Psycho-Educational Specialists in South Carolina.
Jeri McDowell, Administrative Partner
Locally born and raised in Green Sea Floyds, Jeri attended Spartanburg Methodist College and Coastal Carolina. She worked various jobs in Grand Strand until joining Access Medical Center in 1992 as a receptionist. In 2003, she and Dr. James Turek purchased Access Medical. This gave them the opportunity to serve the south and north ends of the Grand Strand. In March 2008 they opened their 3rd location in Loris, SC. Jeri loves her community as well as the opportunity to give back. She is a member of the NMB Women's Club and serves in several organizations and charities.
Louise Kelly, Office Manager
Louise Kelly relocated to Myrtle Beach from Dublin, Ireland in May 1994. She attended Technical College for business/office procedures in Ireland and worked at a personnel agency. After she and her fiancé arrived in Myrtle Beach, she worked in various offices until she joined the Access Medical Center family in 1995. For over 13 years she has been the office manager of the North Myrtle Beach location. Her dedication and compassion has made her a valued part of this organization. Her goal is to make every patient's visit comfortable and convenient.


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This spectacular five bedroom home in Southgate in The Glen in Glenview has been renovated down to the studs.
Everything is brand new including the roof, kitchen, baths, hardwood floors, water heaters and much more! Enjoy
Enjoy main floor living at its finest with an impressive open floor plan and large sun-filled rooms. The first floor features a huge master suite with two walk-in closets and a master spa bath. There are double sinks for the master and her husband as well as a Kohler bubble tub with an oversized shower. The gorgeous dining room is 13′ x 15′ in size and features wainscoting on the walls with an exquisite chandelier.
The kitchen is incredible with all high-end stainless appliances such as LG refrigerator, Dacor double oven and range as well as Bosch dishwasher. There are all granite counter tops and a granite island overlooks the family room. Expansive cabinetry with glass inserts, custom millwork and designer finishes extend throughout the entire first floor.
Sliding doors off the family room and kitchen flow into a pergola covered deck designed by Chicago Roof Deck and Garden. On this incredible deck is a built-in grill, granite counters and a stainless refrigerator. This private backyard boasts bluestone patio, gas fireplace and a seat wall with cedar shade pergola.
The second floor of this Southgate in The Glen beauty includes a large loft with two bedrooms and a full bath.
The lower level is unfinished, has 2300 square feet of space and is an English basement.
There is a two car garage which is attached to this home in The Glen in Glenview. The exterior is cedar shakes and stone which is in character with the fabulous interior.
Truly a wonderful home that is priced at $1,450,000 and is the second most expensive home in The Glen in Glenview. First floor masters are typically more difficult to sell as parents like to be on the same floor as their children. This is a fabulous home with a terrific first floor.
Walk to parks, schools, The Glen Town Center and all the other terrific places in The Glen in Glenview.
This information is brought to you by your friendly, experienced Glenview IL real estate broker, Barry Newman. For more information about this neighborhood in The Glen, please visit our Southgate in The Glen page.
Please call me at 847-921-1666 to discuss your residential needs or email me at firstname.lastname@example.com


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For the seventh consecutive year, the Broncos will open their football season at home.
The Broncos will start the 2017 season by taking on the Los Angeles Chargers at Mile High on Monday, September 11, according to Broncos Insider Mike Klis.
League Network source: Broncos to open 2017 season at home vs LA Chargers on Monday night. #9sports— Mike Klis (@MikeKlis) April 20, 2017
The Chargers are calling Los Angeles home for the first time since the 1960 debut season of the American Football League. They were the San Diego Chargers from 1961 through the 2016 season when stadium issues caused the franchise to move to Los Angeles. They will simply be the Chargers for the season opener in Denver, where quarterback Philip Rivers will still be the Broncos' arch nemesis.
The question is: Who will be Rivers' opposing quarterback, Trevor Siemian or Paxton Lynch?
The NFL will release more details on the Broncos regular-season schedule at 6 p.m. Thursday.
RELATED: Previewing Broncos 2017 schedule


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Validating the integrity of mobile apps prior to integrating features, SDKs, and APIs is a great step to take while building an app.
This Knowledge Base article provides step-by-step instructions on how to validate your Android and iOS mobile app integrity using the Appdome platform.
We hope you find it useful and enjoy using Appdome!
About Appdome Integrity Service Capabilities
Appdome's Integrity Service automatically validates your uploaded mobile app every time you upload an app to the platform. When a mobile app has been uploaded to the Appdome platform, Appdome inspects the app and examines the app structure to validate its integrity and ensure that it's a valid .apk or .ipa which has been correctly built.
Once activated, Appdome Integrity Service verifies the uploaded app has:
- Valid binary structures
- Valid binary file formats (info.plist and Android.manifest)
- Valid SDK versions
- Apple FairPlay breaches
- Legal bundle identifier patterns
- Deprecated file formats
While fusing an app, Appdome automatically protects your app against debugging, tampering, reverse engineering and a variety of other app-shielding features, all included in Appdome ONEShield™.
iOS Apps Requirements
When using the Bitcode feature on your Xcode project, Apple recompiles all of the code after it is been uploaded to the app store. Apps Built on Appdome with Security and Anti-Tampering will have clashes with this code change.
Before you upload an app to Appdome, please disable the Bitcode option in your Xcode project, re-export the IPA file and then upload it to the platform. When you deploy this through the App Store it will work well with Apple deployment.
Android Apps Requirements
Appdome requires a full .apk file to protect the entire app. By allowing "Android Bundle", or by implementing the app with isSplitRequired attribute, parts of the app builds and feature modules can't be obfuscated, encrypted or protected by Appdome.
In addition, for Android apps, the uploaded app shouldn't be exported in testOnly mode. To sign the full .apk file, when developing the app in Android Studio, Go to Build and Generate Signed APK:
Prerequisites For Validating a Mobile App on the Appdome Platform
In order to activate Appdome Integrity service on your app, you'll need:
- Appdome account
- Mobile App (.ipa for iOS, or .apk for Android)
- Signing Credentials (e.g., signing certificates and provisioning profile)
How to Check Your Mobile App Integrity on Appdome
- Login to your active Appdome account. If you don't have an account, click here to create an account.
- Upload your app to the Appdome platform
Appdome Integrity Service automatically validates your uploaded mobile app. The integrity service will thwart the app upload process if the app's validity is malformed.
For example:
- When the app's validity is not malformed you will see these results:
That is it – Now you can proceed to the "Build" part of the Appdome Mobile Integration Workflow and start adding features, SDKs, and APIs to build and secure your new app!
How Do I Learn More?
Appdome Integrity Service prevents serious types of vulnerabilities such as those described here.
In addition, the service ensures that uploaded apps will run smoothly after you Fuse them with Appdome's features and capabilities.
If you have any questions, please send them our way at email@example.com or via the chat window on the Appdome platform.
Thank you!
Thanks for visiting Appdome! Our mission is to make mobile integration easy. We hope we're living up to the mission with your project. If you don't already have an account, you can sign up for free.


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Create your adventure with the Toy Story 4 Imaginext Buzzbot Action Figure! Read more
DC Super Friends with accessories! Collect all these Super Friends figures! Re-enact your favorite scenes with these DC Super Friends figures! This... Read more
Superhero adventures take to the skies with these DC Super Friends Imaginext Armor Action Figures! Can anyone defeat them now? Kids use their... Read more
You control the action with this Imaginext Jurassic Rex! Send her rampaging with awesome lunging and chomping action! Features color-changing eyes... Read more
Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom Imaginext Walking Villain Dino Figure More details to come. Ages 3-8. Read more
Create your adventure with this Toy Story Imaginext Vehicle with Action Figure Case! Each pack includes a favorite character from the films and an... Read more
Kids can recreate their favorite comic book adventures or imagine new ones of their own with this DC Super Friends Imaginext Action Figure Case!... Read more


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Wolf Hunting Controversy
Hunters can't always expect game to come running toward them, of course, so they often bring meat to bait the wolves. A wolf's diet consists of ungulates -- large, hoofed animals like elk and deer -- but hunters, for the sake of not dragging an entire dead moose out into the wilderness, will usually bring cuts of meat from larger prey or meat from smaller prey, such as rabbit, which wolves will eat gladly. As an extra measure, many hunters learn specific calls that mimic wounded animals in order to attract wolves to their area.
In places like Alaska where wolf hunting isn't heavily regulated, it's possible, with the right licenses, to go on wolf hunting trips led by experienced guides. These guides will coach tourists on baiting and calling and provide the tour with the right signals and methods for a successful wolf hunt. Costs range between $2,500 and $3,500, and outfitters often provide food and lodging for about one week.
Wolf management is highly controversial, especially in several regions of North America where people have historically extirpated wolves. Wolf poaching in an area where wolves are protected is illegal -- laws vary, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) typically gives hunters $1,000 to $2,000 in penalties and revokes hunting licenses for three to five years, but the federal government can send hunters to jail and fine them as much as $100,000 for illegally shooting a wolf. Generally, hunters are allowed to hunt wolves in places where wolf populations are large, like Canada and Alaska, and there is no risk of extirpation. Regions where wolf populations have fluctuated dramatically, like the Yellowstone region in the United States, have more restrictions. The only time it's acceptable to shoot a wolf in Idaho, Montana and Wyoming, states where wolves have had to undergo reintroduction, is when a wolf attacks a person or threatens livestock. In these cases, the event has to be reported to the FWS within one to three days, and physical evidence of any such struggle (injured or dead livestock, trampled areas, tracks and so on) must be reported as well.
Related HowStuffWorks Articles
- How to Conserve Hunting Habitats
- How Fair Chase Hunting Works
- How to Set Up a Tree Stand
- How Predator Hunting Works
- How Hunting Trophies Work
- How Hunting Preserves Work
- How Bow Hunting Works
- How Internet Hunting Works
- How Food Plots Work
- What is still hunting?
- Is it legal to hunt wolves?
- What's so bad about fox hunting?
- How is the deer population counted?
- Why can you only hunt certain game in certain seasons?
More Great Links
- Alpine Outfitters. "Wolf hunts with Alpine Outfitters, Alberta wolf hunting guides and outfitters." 2007. (Nov. 14, 2008) http://www.alpineoutfitters.com/alberta_wolf_hunts.asp
- Defenders of Wildlife. "Gray wolf." (Nov. 10, 2008) http://www.defenders.org/wildlife_and_habitat/wildlife/wolf,_gray.php
- Digest of Federal Resource Laws of Interest to the Fish and Wildlife Service. "Airborne Hunting Act." Nov. 18, 1971. (Nov. 17, 2008) http://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/airborn.html
- Hunting Outfitters. "Wolf hunting season changes in Ontario, Canada." March 20, 2005. (Nov. 17, 2008) http://www.huntingoutfitters.ca/Wolf_hunting_in_Ontario.htm
- Idaho Fish and Game Department. "Wolf poaching carries federal and state penalties." June 30, 2005. (Nov. 17, 2008) http://www.biggamehunt.net/sections/Idaho/ Wolf_Poaching_Carries_Federal_and_State_Penalties_06300507.html
- Martin, L.H. "Wolf-hunting in Wisconsin." The New York Times. Jan. 29, 1876. (Nov. 10, 2008) http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/ pdf?res=9E0DE3DA113FE73BBC4151DFB766838D669FDE
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. "Wolves in Montana." 2007. (Nov. 17, 2008) http://fwp.mt.gov/wildthings/wolf/population.html
- The New York Times. "Wolf hunting in Brittany." Feb. 13, 1876. (Nov. 10. 2008) http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res= 9806E6D9143AE63BBC4B52DFB466838D669FDE
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service."Summary of the Wisconsin wolf management plan." Oct. 27, 1999. (Nov. 17, 2008) http://www.fws.gov/midwest/wolf/state-plans/wiplnsum.htm