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Our Review
A classic novel with an excellent title. The Irish voices and the atmosphere of Ireland in the 50's are clearly heard and felt throughout this novel. His writing style is beautiful and authentic. The author makes subtle comments that indicate that not all is well within the family. A few parts of his plot are slightly unbelievable but who truly cares about that. This is the sort of book that you can re-read in years to come. We rated this book 4 out of 5 stars.
Source: Book Reading Group at The English Bookshop Lauriergracht 71
Love and Summer - a remarkable, heart-rending novel by acclaimed writer William Trevor 'Lingers in the memory as a beautiful meditation on love, belonging and the impossibility of escape' Observer 'Unbearably moving' Spectator It is summer and a stranger has come to quiet Rathmoye. He is noticed by Ellie, the young convent girl, who is married to Dillahan, a farmer still mourning his first wife. Over the long and warm days, Ellie and the stranger form an illicit attachment. And those in the town can only watch, holding their tongues, as passion, love, and fate take their inevitable course. 'A portrait of a brackish rural backwater, complete with family tragedy, sexual scandal, a repressed spinster and a half-crazed ancient retainer
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Randall Chancellor took this photograph at a Botanical Garden. Seeing some nice tones Randall converted this into black-and-white in Photoshop by desaturating the file. To produce a true black-and-white, making the most of the details and tones, it is more complicated than just desaturating the file. There are a number of ways to make the conversion, Debbie Grossman has a pretty simple approach here. There are other more complicated conversion approaches but all of them avoid the straight desaturation. If you really enjoy the black-and-white look, do your homework and try different conversions until you find one that you like and gives you the best black-and-white image from your shots.
To improve upon this image it needs to be exposed properly. The file submitted is underexposed which can be fixed working with the levels in Photoshop but it would benefit the final image more if exposed correctly when the photo was taken. The focus could be sharper on the ferns, closed down your aperture to keep everything in focus. Instead of using f/4.5 try f/8, that will give you more depth of field allowing the ferns and the back foliage to be in focus.
_—Melissa Macatee
Contributing Blogger
_This photo gets three stars on the PopPhoto Flash rating system.
The PopPhoto Flash rating system.
*= This part of the camera is called the lens
**= Don't quit your day job
***= Good, but not yet great
****=So close you can taste it
*****= Yes, a thousand times yes!
Want us to critique your shots? Send 'em to us!


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The State Library is temporarily closed until further notice. See updates here.
General category
Shortstacks Short Film Prize 2020
Films can only be submitted via our festival entry page on FilmFreeway. Before you submit your entry please ensure you have read the Guidelines.
Entry fees for Shortstacks 2020 are AU$40 for the General category. Entry fees need to be paid in USD at the time of submission. Filmmakers will need a credit or debit card or a PayPal account to enter.
Along with the short film, entrants will also need to upload the following:
- 3 still images of the film
- a one paragraph synopsis of the film
- a photograph and short biography of the filmmaker(s)
Download our Entry Guide here to assist you with uploading your film via FilmFreeway.
If you have any questions about submitting your film please go to FilmFreeway Support.
For questions relating to the Guidelines and eligibility please contact:
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KILLINGTON, Vt. — The World Cup of skiing returned to the Eastern United States for the first time in 25 years Saturday and was greeted by a clambering sea of fans who had hiked a quarter of a mile up the hill next to the racecourse to glimpse the world's fastest female skiers.
With more than 16,000 fans in attendance, yielding two sold-out grandstands, Saturday's crowd was one of the largest for a ski race in the United States. A parade of more than 1,000 junior ski racers began the event and set in motion several hours of cowbell clanging and cheering despite unsettled weather that shifted from bright sunlight to dense fog to snow.
In the end, Tessa Worley of France won her ninth World Cup giant slalom and her first since a serious knee injury in 2013. Worley finished the two runs of the race in 1 minute 59.26 seconds, which was 0.80 of a second faster than Nina Loseth of Norway. Sofia Goggia of Italy was third.
The hometown favorite, Mikaela Shiffrin, who spent much of her childhood in New England, finished fifth. Shiffrin was the runner-up in the first giant slalom of the season, last month in Sölden, Austria. The Sölden winner and prerace favorite, Lara Gut of Switzerland, caught a ski edge not long after leaving the starting gate during her first run Saturday and was forced to ski off the course.
"My timing was off, and I never got in the flow," said Shiffrin, whose face had graced posters promoting the event throughout the region. "In the morning, I was pretty nervous. Sometimes that helps me; sometimes it doesn't."
Nearly two months of snow-making operations blanketed the 3,200-foot Killington resort race trail with ample snow cover, but a morning temperature just above freezing left the racing surface soft by World Cup standards.
The conditions led to a bumpy, irregular ride down the mountain for all but the earliest racers, like Loseth, who was the first competitor out of the gate and the first-run leader.
By Saturday afternoon, when the second run of the race was staged, a dense fog had descended over the mountain. For a while, it appeared that the racers would be all but invisible from the finish area. But just before the race resumed, the skies cleared. Then snow began to fall.
The change in the temperature led to harder, more favorable snow, and the leaders charged down the racecourse with a kind of aggressiveness that had been difficult to muster on the softer, more rutted morning snow.
For Worley, who was second after the first run, finding the resolve to attack during her second run was a milestone in her comeback from her injury.
"It's been long and tough physically," Worley said. "But the toughest part was learning again to not hold anything back. That's why I'm so thrilled about today's result."
It was the first World Cup race in Vermont since 1978 and the first in the Eastern United States since an event at Waterville Valley, N.H., in 1991.
Most of the competitors Saturday seemed shocked by the size of the crowd.
"It's an amazing turnout," Gut said. "Usually, when we race in the U.S., there are not that many people. But this was a giant crowd. I was surprised."
On Sunday, a slalom — Shiffrin's specialty — will be contested.
"I'm really looking forward to tomorrow," Shiffrin said. "It's going to be great to feed off the energy of all these people."


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Janet Ulrich Brooks Crowned Queen for Chicago Premiere of THE AUDIENCE, Begining Tonight at TimeLine Theatre
TimeLine Theatre Company presents the first production of its 2017-2018 season-the Chicago premiere of THE AUDIENCE by Peter Morgan, directed by TimeLine Associate Artistic Director Nick Bowling, and featuring TimeLine Company Member Janet Ulrich Brooks in the central role of Queen Elizabeth II, August 24 - November 12, 2017 (previews tonight, August 16, through August 23) at TimeLine Theatre, 615 W. Wellington Ave., Chicago. Press Night is Wednesday, August 23 at 7:30 p.m.
TimeLine brings Chicago its first view of Peter Morgan's Broadway and West End hit. Known as the author of FROST/NIXON (another TimeLine hit, in 2010) and the Academy Award-nominated screenplay for THE QUEEN, Morgan also created the highly rated Netflix series THE CROWN, inspired by THE AUDIENCE and streaming now.
Every Tuesday afternoon for more than 60 years, Queen Elizabeth II has met with her Prime Ministers in a private audience, a gesture of unity between government and Crown. Through moments of tension, negotiation, war, and unrest, these conversations with political leaders from Winston Churchill to Harold Wilson to Margaret Thatcher have remained a constant across the years. Playwright Peter Morgan re-imagines these meetings, giving us a glimpse at the queen's role in guiding the circumstances that have shaped Great Britain, and a window into the mystery, compassion and humor of the woman behind the iconic crown.
Cumulatively, THE AUDIENCE cast members have been nominated 25 times in acting categories at the Joseph Jefferson Awards, and have received eight awards. Leading the cast will be TimeLine Company Member Janet Ulrich Brooks as Queen Elizabeth II. A six-time Jeff Award nominee for roles at TimeLine, including 33 VARIATIONS, A WALK IN THE WOODS and ALL MY SONS, her other recent credits include VANYA & SONIA & MASHA & SPIKE (Jeff Award nomination) at the Goodman Theatre, WOMEN LAUGHING ALONE WITH SALAD (Helen Hayes Award nomination) at Woolly Mammoth Theatre in Washington, D.C., and BAKERSFIELD MIST at TimeLine.
Surrounding Brooks will be a spectacular Chicago ensemble cast all making their TimeLine debuts: Matt DeCaro (Winston Churchill / Harold Wilson / Tony Blair), David Lively (Equerry), Carmen Roman (Margaret Thatcher), and Mark Ulrich (John Major / Gordon Brown / Anthony Eden / David Cameron), with Sophie Ackerman and Audrey Edwardssharing the role of Young Elizabeth.
The production team for THE AUDIENCE includes Jeff Kmiec (Scenic Designer), Theresa Ham (Costume Designer), TimeLine Associate Artist Keith Parham (Lighting Designer), TimeLine Associate Artist Andrew Hansen (Sound Designer), Amy Peter (Properties Designer), Katie Cordts (Wig Designer), Elise Kauzlaric (Dialect Coach), Jared Bellot(Dramaturg), Carol Ann Tan (Assistant Dramaturg), Helen Young (Associate Director),Brennan T. Jones (Assistant Director) and Luci Kersting (Stage Manager).
- Post-Show Discussions: A brief, informal post-show discussion hosted by a TimeLine Company Member and featuring the production dramaturg and members of the cast onWednesday 8/30, Thursday 9/7, Sunday 9/10, Thursday 9/28, Sunday 10/8, and Wednesday 10/11.
- Pre-Show Discussions: Starting one hour before these performances, a 30-minute introductory conversation hosted by a TimeLine Company Member and the production dramaturg with members of the production team on Sunday 9/17 and Wednesday 9/20.
- Captioned Performance: An open-captioned performance with a text display of words and sounds heard during the performance on Saturday 9/16 at 4 p.m. Partial support of open captioning is provided by Theatre Development Fund.
- Company Member Discussion: A post-show discussion with the collaborative team of artists who choose TimeLine's programming and guide the company's mission on Sunday 9/24.
- Sunday Scholars Panel Discussion: A one-hour post-show discussion featuring experts on the themes and issues of the play on Sunday 10/1.
All discussions are free and open to the public. For further details about all planned discussions and events, visit timelinetheatre.com.
Single ticket prices are $40 (Wednesday through Friday), $49 (Saturday evenings) and $54 (Saturday and Sunday matinees). Preview tickets are $25. Student discount is 35% off regular price with valid ID. TimeLine is also a member of TCG's Blue Star Theatre Program and is offering $25 tickets to U.S. military personnel, veterans, first responders, and their spouses and family.
Discounted rates for groups of 10 or more are available. Ticket buyers age 18-35 may join TimeLine's free MyLine program to obtain access to discounted tickets, special events and more. Visit timelinetheatre.com/discounts for more about Blue Star, MyLine and other available discounts.
Advance purchase is recommended as performances may sell out. For tickets and information, visit timelinetheatre.com or call the Box Office at (773) 281-8463 x6.
THE AUDIENCE will take place at TimeLine Theatre, 615 W. Wellington Ave., Chicago. TimeLine Theatre is located near the corner of Wellington and Broadway, inside the Wellington Avenue United Church of Christ building, in Chicago's Lakeview East neighborhood.
The location is served by multiple CTA trains and buses. TimeLine offers discounted parking at the Standard Parking garages at Broadway Center ($8 with validation; 2846 N. Broadway, at Surf) or the Century Mall ($9 with validation; 2836 N. Clark), with other paid parking options nearby, plus limited free and metered street parking.
TimeLine Theatre is accessible to people with disabilities. Two wheelchair lifts provide access from street level to the theatre space and to lower-level restrooms. Audience members using wheelchairs or who need to avoid stairs, and others with special seating or accessibility needs should contact the TimeLine Box Office in advance to confirm arrangements. See DISCUSSION & ACCESSIBILITY EVENTS above for information about the open-captioned performance for patrons who are deaf or hard of hearing.
Peter Morgan (Playwright) is an award-winning British film and television screenwriter and playwright. Morgan is best known for writing historical films and plays, including THE QUEEN, FROST/NIXON, THE DAMNED UNITED and RUSH, and is the creator of Netflix's currently running drama series THE CROWN. Other film work includes THE OTHER BOLEYN GIRL; HEREAFTER; 360; MARTHA, MEET FRANK, DANIEL AND LAURENCE; and THE LAST KING OF SCOTLAND.
Nick Bowling (Director) was the founding Artistic Director and is now Associate Artistic Director and a Company Member of TimeLine Theatre. He is the recipient of seven Jeff Awards for Outstanding Direction (THE HISTORY BOYS, THE NORMAL HEART, FIORELLO!, THIS HAPPY BREED and THE CRUCIBLE at TimeLine, SONDHEIM ON SONDHEIM at Porchlight Music Theatre, and ANOTHER PART OF THE FOREST at Eclipse Theatre) and also received Jeff Award nominations for BLOOD AND GIFTS, THE FARNSWORTH INVENTION, HAUPTMANN and THE LION IN WINTER at TimeLine; CLOSER THAN EVER at Porchlight Music Theatre; CITY OF ANGELS, THE KING AND I and MAN OF LA MANCHA at Marriott Theatre. Other recent credits at TimeLine include A DISAPPEARING NUMBER, THE LAST WIFE, DANNY CASOLARO DIED FOR YOU and JUNO. Other Chicago credits include Marriott's THE BRIDGES OF MADISON COUNTY, Paramount's A CHRISTMAS STORY, Northwestern University's CABARET, Porchlight's A CATERED AFFAIR, Writers Theatre's BACH AT LEIPZIG and Shattered Globe Theatre's TIME OF THE CUCKOO and FROZEN ASSETS.
Janet Ulrich Brooks (Queen Elizabeth II) is a TimeLine Company Member, where she has appeared in more than 10 productions, most recently BAKERSFIELD MIST, with Mike Nussbaum. She has received Jeff Award nominations for her work at TimeLine in 33 VARIATIONS, A WALK IN THE WOODS, ALL MY SONS, NOT ENOUGH AIR, WHEN SHE DANCED and WEEKEND. Other recent credits include The Goodman Theatre's 2666 and VANYA & SONIA & MASHA & SPIKE (Equity Jeff Award nomination, Actress in a Principal role - Play), and WOMEN LAUGHING ALONE WITH SALAD (Helen Hayes Award nomination, Outstanding Lead Actress in a Play; Woolly Mammoth Theatre, Washington, DC). Other theatre credits include the remount of TimeLine's TO MASTER THE ART (Chicago Commercial Collective and Broadway in Chicago at the Broadway Playhouse); A TRUE HISTORY OF THE Johnstown Flood, TEDDY FERRARA, and THE SEAGULL (Goodman); NATIVE GARDENS and FAILURE: A LOVE STORY (Victory Gardens); SOUTH OF SETTLING (Steppenwolf); TEN CHIMNEYS (Northlight); and portraying Golda Meir in GOLDA'S BALCONY (Pegasus Players, Non-Equity Jeff Award, Outstanding Solo Performance). Brooks' television credits include the Netflix series SENSE8, CHICAGO FIRE, BOSS, UNDEREMPLOYED, and THE PLAYBOY CLUB. Film credits include DIVERGENT, CONVICTION, POLISHBAR, ONE SMALL HITCH, THE MIDDLE DISTANCE, I HEART SHAKEY, and Recursive Pictures' short film FOR A GOOD TIME. Brooks was the first recipient of the Ed See Outstanding Theatre Alumnus Award from the University of Central Missouri. She is a proud member of AEA and SAG/AFTRA and is represented by Gray Talent Group.
TimeLine Theatre Company, recipient of the prestigious 2016 MacArthur Award for Creative and Effective Institutions, was founded in April 1997 with a mission to present stories inspired by history that connect with today's social and political issues. To date over 20 seasons, TimeLine has presented 71 productions, including nine world premieres and 31 Chicago premieres, and launched the Living History Education Program, now in its 11th year of bringing the company's mission to life for students in Chicago Public Schools. Recipient of the Alford-Axelson Award for Nonprofit Managerial Excellence and the Richard Goodman Strategic Planning Award from the Association for Strategic Planning, TimeLine has received 53 Jeff Awards, including an award for Outstanding Production 11 times.
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Copyright 2008 IEEE. Reprinted from ECTC2008 Proceedings.
- Britton Lane
- 4 years ago
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1 Copyright 2008 IEEE. Reprinted from ECTC2008 Proceedings. This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Such permission of the IEEE does not in any way imply IEEE endorsement of any of Amkor Technology's products or services. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it.
2 Application of Through Mold Via (TMV) as PoP base package * Jinseong Kim, * Kiwook Lee, * Dongjoo Park, * Taekyung Hwang, * Kwangho Kim, * Daebyoung Kang, * Jaedong Kim, * Choonheung Lee, ** Christopher Scanlan, ** CJ Berry, ** Curtis Zwenger, ** Lee Smith, ** Moody Dreiza, ** Robert Darveaux * Research and Development Center, Amkor Technology Korea Inc., 280-8, 2-ga, Sungsu-dong, Sundong-gu, Seoul , Korea ** Amkor Technology Inc.,1900 South Price Road, Chandler, AZ * * Telephone: Fax: Abstract In recent years, package-on-package (PoP) has been rapidly adopted for 3D integration of logic and memory within mobile handsets and other portable multimedia devices. However, existing methods of making the PoP base package may not satisfy next generation applications that will require reduced memory interface pitches, higher memory interface pin-counts, reduced thickness, tight warpage control and higher levels of integration within the PoP base package. This paper introduces a new PoP base package structure that addresses the challenges of next generation applications. A PoP base package with through mold vias (TMV) will be described. Package flatness and package stacking results will be presented and advantages of TMV technology will be reviewed. Introduction Package on Package (PoP) stacking has become a preferred method for 3D integration of logic devices including baseband, application, or image processors; with highperformance memory in mobile products like smart phone handsets and digital cameras. In the most common configuration for PoP stacking, the base package contains one or more logic devices that are attached either by wire bond or flip-chip interconnects and surrounded by BGA land pads on the perimeter of the top surface of the base package. The top PoP package contains the memory devices and is attached to these BGA lands during the surface mount stacking process. In the case of a wire bonded base package, a process such as pin-gate molding is used to encapsulate the chip and wire bonds, while leaving the stacking interface BGA land pads exposed and free of mold compound interference. Fig.1 shows standard wire bonded PoP stack configuration. Market trends in portable multimedia applications require migration to flip-chip interconnects for higher pin count and electrical performance demands of next generation multi-core processors. Also higher data transfer rates and wider bus memory architectures are driving increased pin-count in the PoP memory stacking interfaces in support of new memory architectures like low power double data rate DRAM. Future applications are demanding a PoP base package with increased interconnect density, reduced pitch, reduced package size and thickness, improved warpage control, reduced tooling cost and capability to handle various interconnect configurations including flip-chip, stacked die, and passive component integration. To address these challenges, a PoP base package using a standard FBGA package structure with through-mold vias (TMV) technology has been developed. The TMV bottom PoP package is based on a standard matrix molded FBGA style package with wirebond, flip-chip or stacked devices. After molding, a blind via through the mold compound is created to expose the stacking interface land pads on the top metal layer of the substrate. The vias are partially filled with a conductive material before final processing. The resulting structure is a fully molded FBGA package with a conductive, blind via to form the PoP stacking interface. Fig.2 shows PoP configuration with fully molded PoP base package using TMV technology. Amkor has provided daisy chain test vehicle samples of this structure to a leading handset OEM who has demonstrated that PoP stacking and board level reliability can satisfy future high density PoP product requirements. Figure 1: Standard Wirebond PoP configuration with exposed PoP land pads highlighted to stand out. Figure 2: Fully molded PoP base package with FC die, SMT passives with TMV technology connecting to standard combo memory type top package.
3 Package Description The test vehicle for this development is a 14 mm x 14 mm matrix molded 2 sided PoP base package as shown in Fig.3 laser marked with the M2SP development code. The bottom 33x33 BGA array contains 620 balls at 0.4 mm pitch. The top 27x27 PoP BGA array contains 200 PoP bond pads in a JEDEC compliant 2 row, 0.5 mm pitch perimeter array. The base package contains 1 flip-chip daisy chain die. The die size is 7.10 mm x 6.97 mm and die thickness is 0.127mm. Minimum flip-chip pad pitch is mm and the die is bumped with plated Pb-free bumps. The base package substrate is 4 layer blind and buried via construction with a 0.05 mm thick core and 0.04 mm thick prepreg. Total substrate thickness is 0.21 mm. The surface finish on the interface lands, bottom BGA lands, flip-chip (FC) and SMT pads is OSP over Cu. The mold cap thickness is 0.40 mm measured from the top of the substrate to the top of the package. This mold cap thickness was chosen based on availability but can be thinner for future TMV enabled packages. Total PoP stacked structure (top + bottom) thickness is 1.32 mm. For comparison, a bare FC die version of the package stackable base package was also constructed. In the case of the bare die package, the substrate core thickness had to be increased to 0.100mm thickness for an overall substrate thickness of 0.3 mm due to warpage control requirements based on shadow moiré studies. The bare flip-chip die is underfilled using a capillary flow underfill material whereas the TMV technology enabled the mold compound to act as the FC underfill material. For the package stackable exposed FC based structure the total PoP stacked (top + bottom) thickness is 1.22 mm. All other package attributes are identical between the exposed die to the over molded PoP base package. The top package is a 14 mm FBGA that is representative of a standard PoP memory package with a 200 BGA balls arranged in a 2 row, 0.5 mm pitch perimeter array to match the PoP bond pads of the base package. BGA solder alloy is Sn/1.0Ag/0.5Cu. The top package has a 0.13 mm thick 2 layer substrate with 0.06 mm core. The mold cap thickness is 0.40 mm measured from the top of the substrate to the top of the package. Surface finish on the BGA pads is electrolytic Ni/Au. The top package contains 8.3 mm x 8.3 mm x mm thick dummy die to represent the Si ratio of a combo memory die stack. Assembly Process Both the bare die FC and the TMV enabled PoP packages follow a conventional flip-chip assembly process flow. In the case of the bare die package, capillary flow underfill is dispensed after flip-chip die attach. In the case of the molded PoP base package, the flip-chip die is underfilled during the transfer mold process. Void free underfill was achieved using a proven molded underfill transfer mold process Amkor uses in production for other FC based package technologies. After molding, the top PoP interface lands were exposed by generating vias through the mold compound. Solder balls were then placed into the vias and reflowed to form partially filled vias with uniform bump height. Via formation and fill results Mold cap vias were formed using a proprietary process for EMC drilling and residue cleaning. Table 1shows through mold via diameters. Position Ave (um) Min (um) Max (um) STD Top Bottom Table 1: Through Mold Via diameters Fig. 4 shows the via cone shape based on 0.45mm top diameter and 0.3mm bottom diameter. This shape helps to achieve stable solder ball loading during solder filling and stable solder heights for uniform PoP SMT stacking. Figure 4: Through mold via shape A residue free Cu surface of the PoP interface lands is critical for solder wetting and PoP stacking electrical continuity. Figure 5, shows no visible mold compound residue or contamination on the Cu interface lands. Top view Bottom view Figure 3: TMV enabled PoP base package
4 Solder bump height in the vias was measured using Hisomet and table 2 shows measurement data. Average (um) Max (um) Min (um) Std Dev Table 2: Solder bump height after reflow Figure 5: Solder bump in via after reflow Through mold vias can be filled with solder using a variety of methods. For initial samples a proven automated BGA ball attach process method was used. Fig.6 shows Pb free solder balls filled in the TMV openings. Solder filling Figure 8: Cross Section of a row of TMVs partially filled with solder Figure 6: Solder balls in TMV openings After reflow, the solder exhibited good wetting to the BGA pads and resulted in substantially uniform bump height. Fig.7 shows solder bump shape in via after reflow. Solder geometry was performed like circular cylinder approximately middle of through mold via wall and upper area was formed like a dome. Fig.8 shows cross section of row of mold cap vias partially filled with solder. Package flatness Package flatness for both the bare die FC and TMV enabled PoP base packages was measured over a lead free reflow temperature profile using shadow moiré. Fig.9 shows the warpage profile for the molded TMV base package as well as the bare die base package along with the top daisy chain (memory like) package. At room temperature, both base packages show (+) crying face shaped convex warpage. At the elevated reflow profile temperature measurement points the TMV enabled base package shows maximum (-) 55um smiling face concave warpage while the bare die base package had 268% higher peak temperature warpage showing a maximum warpage of (-)137um. Figure 7: Solder bump in via after reflow Figure 9: Warpage of TMV base package, bare die base package and top package over simulated reflow profile based on shadow moiré measurements. In PoP stacking, the top and bottom packages should have stable warpage profiles over the reflow profile to ensure good stacking SMT yield both for the package to package solder
5 joints as well as the bottom package to PWB solder joints. The warpage profile of the molded TMV package and the bare die package can be compared to top memory package. Table 3 shows the difference in package flatness between the top memory package and the respective base packages. During heating condition (RT~260 o C) the TMV base package shows excellent compatibility with the top package, with 28.8um maximum warpage gap. The bare die flip-chip base package had a maximum 179.8um gap. After cooling to room temperature (260 o C~RT) the molded TMV base package shows 11um warpage gap compared to 170.4um for the bare die base package. Temperature ( o C) RT RT Top & Molded (um) Top & Bare die (um) Table 3: Warpage gap between top and bottom package micron. These values are in line with typical gap height observed in standard straddle mount PoP stacks. Fig.11 shows the gap between top package and bottom package after pre stacking. Top package Bottom package Gap Figure 11: Gap between top & bottom package after pre stacking A cross section of the resulting PoP solder joint is shown in Figure 12. The solder joint conforms to, but does not wet, the via walls up to the approximate mid point of the via. This solder joint geometry allows for a tall solder joint at fine pitch with no risk of solder shorting between PoP solder joints. Stacking results Pre-stacking was performed on a small sample of units to evaluate stacking yield, solder joint geometry and gap height between the top and bottom packages. An automated IC placement machine equipped with a flux or solder paste dipping module was used to place the top package. The top packages were dipped in either flux or solder paste to coat the BGA balls before being placed on the bottom package. After placement, the BGA balls of the top package rest inside the vias of the bottom package and make contact with the solder bumps on the bottom package. After solder reflow, x-ray and cross section analysis was performed. 100 % stacking yield was observed for both flux dip and paste dip stacking processes. Fig.10 shows cross section of row of TMV solder joint after package stacking. Figure 12: Cross section of PoP solder joint after attaching top package Board Level Reliability Tests Board level temperature cycling test & drop test were performed to estimate board level reliability of PoP using TMV technology. Pre-stacked samples were presented to SMT assembly to create test boards for temperature cycle and drop tests per JEDEC JESD22-A104C and JESD22-B111 test specifications. In board level temperature cycling test, - 40 ~ 125 C temperature range with 1 cycle/hour condition was applied and test vehicle samples passed 500 cycles without any failure. In board level drop test, standard JEDEC condition 1500G peak acceleration with 0.5msec duration was applied and all test vehicles passed 30 drops without any failures. Figure 10: Cross section showing row of TMV solder joints after package stacking Gap height between the top package and bottom package was measured. In the case of the flux dip stacking method, the gap height between the packages was micron. In the case of solder paste dip stacking method the gap was Discussion We have demonstrated feasibility to create a fine pitch PoP package by forming vias through a standard FBGA mold cap. Using this method, tall solder joints can be formed at fine pitch with minimal risk of shorting. This will allow for pitch reduction for higher interconnect density between the top and bottom package. Alternatively, additional components such as
6 passives or stacked die can be integrated in the base package with a thicker mold cap while maintaining a 0.5 mm pitch PoP interface. Gap height between packages can be maintained to a minimum value and can be easily tailored by adjusting the volume of solder in the mold cap via or the top via opening diameter. Base package flatness is significantly improved over bare die flip-chip or the widely used wirebonded package stackable very thin fine pitch BGA (PSvfBGA). For wirebond devices standard array molding technology can be used in combination with TMV technology to provide the same fine pitch, improved warpage and larger die to package size advantages TMV technology enables. Since TMV in combination with molded underfill eliminates the risk of resin bleed associated with pin-gate molding or with capillary FC underfill, PoP interface lands or passive SMT pads can be moved closer to the edge of the die. This will enable higher die size to package body size ratios that don t require a sacrifice in warpage control as with current PoP technologies. Future work will focus on more detailed DOE evaluations (material and process effects) in board level reliability, PoP one pass reflow SMT stacking and package level reliability test of this TMV enabled PoP structure. We anticipate that finer pitch PoP interfaces including 0.4 and even 0.3mm will be enabled with TMV technology, which will extend the application space for PoP device combinations. Evaluation of thinner mold cap for single die applications will also be completed. References 1. Yoshida, Akito et al., A Study on Package Stacking Process for Package-on-Package (PoP) ECTC, SanDiego (2006) 2. Dreiza, Moody et al., Stacked Package-on-Package Design Guidelines, International Wafer Level Packaging conference (2005) 3. JEDEC JC-11 committee Publication 95, Design Guide 4.22, Item: S 4. JEDEC JESD 22-A104C Temperature Cycling 5. JEDEC JESD22-B111 Board Level Drop Test Method of Components for Handheld Electronic Products
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District 1 Director
Lamar Allen has served eleven years on the Effingham County Board of Education and is the current Chair. He serves on the GSBA Nominating Committee, and the GSBA Governmental Operations Committee (GOC). He is the Legislative Liaison and is the board designee for the GSBA Delegate Assembly. A successful farmer and business owner, he is the Past President of the Rotary Club, the United Way Board and the Chamber of Commerce. He also volunteers as a middle school baseball coach.


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Ding! Ding! Who is that? I am the ghost. What do you want? I need ornaments. What ornaments? Colored ornaments. What color? Orange color Run What happened darling? What do you mean? I caught you. You are out of the game. Hey, move. Look here. Go away. Come, buddy. Hey, don't take this beyond the game. You cannot hit me with a chappal. Hey buddy, look. It is orange. Dai, this is blue. Does this look like blue? I have experience in this game.
Hey, we got orange. Out. You are out. Dai, this is orange. Is this orange? Dai, this is the orange I was taught in school. Never say your school's name in public. Dai, there are totally 12 types of oranges. This is called rose orange. Dai, does this really look like orange to you? There are some varieties of orange. Carrot orange, pink orange, orange orange, Kamala orange. You have been cheating us since Cricket Alaparaigal. Dai, am not cheating buddy. You look at this and tell me if this is orange. Dai, this is orange. It got faded in the sun. Dai, this looks like faded yellow. Dai, why are you losing your cool? Relax. GO there and let's start the game again saying "Ding Ding". Let's start over again. Dai, am I losing my cool for no reason? Am the one getting out of the game for the last 3 hours! This is talking too much. I asked him to touch black and he touched saffron and said: "Saffron is inside black". Dai, am going. Can't play with kiddos. Dai, don't talk you cheater. Am going. Nothing better than the 90's games Buddy, one small help. Tell me, buddy, Next, let's play a blindfold game. Sure, let's play. Why did this idea come up? I got a crush on Sreeja
So you thought I would help you? Buddy, who else do I know? ok, no problem. Am here to help you. Give me a minute. I'll be right back. What da. This guy is asking me to help him hit on Sreeja. Tamil. Yes, Buddy. Shall we play blindfolded? Yes, buddy. You are the hero. Go blindfolded. Thanks, buddy. I will turn you towards Sreeja. Just go hold her hands. Your romance will work out. If you unfold in the middle of the game, that's considered cheating. Sreeja doesn't like cheaters. Dai, whats that. It's a crow buddy. Hi Arun. Hi Sreekutty. Uncle. What are you doing here?
Where is Tamil going blindfolded? Forget that, what do you want? This is my brother-in-law, Botli. No, my name is Mackinson. Mackinson? Mohan. That's what he is modernizing. Let us join you for the game. Listen, uncle. You are old and might get hurt.
Sreekutty. Look at you. You were walking around like a bee with honey down your nose. Now you learned to talk. Wow. Come let's go play. Dai, out. Hit me below the knee. Hit him like this. Hit, Arun. Come on. Buddy, I can't bear this. They are hitting crazy. He missed it. Yo, why did you hit her? She is in the opposite team. So what? Sasi, let's talk it over. No more talks. Dai where are you guys running? Dai, we won. Lagori. We collected seven stones. You guys lost. Catch him. You 4 make a team. We are 4. Listen, we should give them a tough name.
Anna. What? Varnajalam (Rainbow) Dai, Rajesh, do not overhear us. Got it, Kaalam ellaam kaathal vaazhga (Let love live forever) Yo, what a silly name. Remember your age. Kaalam ellaam kaathal vaazhga (Let love live forever) Super. Dai, Sasi, this is too much I gave you the same name. Yo, when you said it was yucky. Now it's super. Let me see how they are gonna win. 4 words Watch. Wrist. Hey, that's time. Kaalam. Big ball. Everything. Ellaam. Arun, don't show your teeth. Jesus. Dai, punishment. Love? Kaadhal? Protest. Jallikattu. Kaalam ellaam kaathal vaazhga. You got it. That's all I need. Don't cheat. You told them the name. Hey, we guessed it. I saw his mouth moving. Nivi, now you go give them a name. Bend. 6 (Aaru) Easy name. Go. Finger. Oh Botli, look carefully. It's fingerS. There are many fingers. No. Six. Six, upside down, is nine. Punch. waves. Simbu. I got it. 8 bullets. Yo, is this eight? 5 plus one is 6. Sasi, you are acting it out incorrectly. There is no film by the name 6 bullets. Times up. We need extra time. Yo, it's a simple name Aaru. You should have shown us something like this we would have understood. You guys are out. We will get the next one right. Your name. Sreeja. Cut Sreeja? No. The lotus will surely blossom. Mairu (Someone with a silly thought process) Sreejakutty, if you use abusive language I will inform your father. I don't like this game. Arun let's play something else. Dai, Sasi, Sreeja, where are you guys? Let me peep a little. Dai, why are you opening that? Close it. Dai mapla, am not unfolding. Come on, guys. Shaat boot three Shaat boot three Shaat boot three You are here for a support. I am here for support. The one who does like me is not out of the game. You are the one. Go close your eyes and count. I will jump into this well. Go deep inside and hold my breath. SO that he wouldn't find me. Dai, you will be dead. Ok, I will go find some other place to hide. Go Sreeja, not there. Come here. We are not getting time to spend together. There is someone around us, always. Sasi, Sreekutty. .Am coming there. You guys don't know how to play this game. If the three of us hide in the same place, we get caught easily. Then leave. Yes, Sreekutty, You go hide in the attic. Sasi, you hide here. I have another place to hide. You guys don't let me spend even 5 minutes with girls? I don't want to live in this country. Buddy. You are out. Now let me show you where the others are hiding. Sreeja. Sasi. There she is. Arun is running there. Nivi, If we hide here, no one will find us. It's steep. So just look at me and do the same. Nivi Akka out. Arun Anna out. Dai, I would have passed out Mackinson. Pull me up, my son. Come out. You are out of the game. Botli, I will be the clown in the next game but please don't tell your sister that I was smoking a beedi. Then stop calling me Botlil. I swear I will not call you Botli. Go, brother. You are always like this. Let me talk to my sister. Botli, please. All are out of the game. Mackinson, where is Kaviyaan? I looked for him everywhere. Dai, Kaviyaan mentioned that he would hide inside the well. Everything is spoiled. If the guy is dead, then my wife will never let me out to play. Yo, we are talking of his death and you are still thinking about the game.
Come let's go look for him. Kaviyaa Kaviya where are you? Dai, there are snakes around. It's dusk. Kavi, where are you? Come out. Dai kaviya, where are you? He spoke to me for the last time. I will be caught by the cops. Kavi, the streets lights are on. How silly can you be to go die in a hide and seek game? You, dog. My wife is gonna kick me out today. Kaviya. Sasi. Where are you? Am here, buddy. What are you doing here? Did everyone lose? What are you doing here? Dai, am hiding. People are looking for you inside the well. Funeral plans are going on at your home. Forget that. I am the winner. Dai, I am talking about your funeral and you still talk about this game. Mapla, I caught him. Come here. Why are you hitting me? Before you get ready for the punishment, tell them to subscribe and share 'Nakkalites'. One minute. I have a business. If you hit me, I am not gonna say. Subtitles by Sreejith Cherusherry.


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Grey Lady Marine offers a complete range of services from mechanical repairs and yearly maintenance to hauling/launching,
storage and expert fiberglass and painting. We have all your boating needs covered!
Spring and Summer
Grey Lady Launch
We strive to meet all of our customers' needs and requests and will do our best to accommodate you with your first choice of a launch date. Please understand launch dates are targets and cannot be guaranteed as we are affected by and dependent upon weather, the popularity of dates and previously scheduled work. Second and third date selections are mandatory. If your on-island schedule allows, we suggest requesting second and third dates 2-5 days prior and 2-5 days post your first choice date which provides a window of opportunity to launch.
Concierge Membership
GLM is proud to announce Nantucket's only elite level Concierge care-taking program offered exclusively for boats. Thanks to our loyal customers and two successful seasons, Summer 2016 marks the third season for this exclusive program created to address our island's need for a service that accommodates the unique on-demand lifestyles of Nantucket's summer-season residents. Please see the link below for the 2016 Concierge Program Agreement contract. There are only ten (10) spaces available per season. To ensure your position is reserved, please return the completed packet back to us no later than March 31, 2016. Be sure to include the service fee commensurate to the level at which you wish to enroll. Other than pre-season pricing, there are no discounts offered on Concierge Services.
Valet Membership
No Mooring? No Slip? No Problem! Your boat when you want it.
Storm Haul Priority Membership
Guaranteed Storm Haul Out.
Grey Lady Marine's outside storage area is available for boats ranging in size from 8 ft. to 32 ft. We can accommodate up to
200 boats during the winter season. Our facility offers a well lit, secure area, so that customers can feel confident with leaving
their boats during the winter months.
Parts & Ship Store
Our parts room and ship store is stocked with a full selection of cleaning supplies, first aid equipment and engine parts.
Moorings & Barge
Our complete mooring service is made up of the following:
• Mooring Launching and Hauling
• Mooring Storage
• Yearly Mooring Inspection and Maintenance
• Town of Nantucket Mooring Permit Renewals
Hauling & Launching
Our 25BFM Marine Travelift is capable of lifting up to 55,000 pounds and boats 52' in length and 16' in width. Grey Lady Marine
is the only marine facility on Nantucket Island to have a Travelift capable of hauling and launching boats of such size.
GLM 2017 Emergency Haul Out Release-
GLM 2017 Standard Fair Weather Launch and Haul Out Agreement-Form
Fiberglass Repair
Fiberglass repairs are our specialty here at Grey Lady Marine! The key to our success is latest technology, the best products on
the market and years of experience.
Custom Painting
Our state of the art spray booth is a Positive Pressure Cross Flow Spray Booth is able to accommodate boats up to 14' in width,
40' in length and 16' in height.
Mechanical Repair
Our certified trained marine technicians are experienced in all areas of mechanical service and repairs. From general
spring commission, winterization and service calls to repowers, warranty work, electrical repairs and electronics design,
repair, installation and modifications.


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Sign up for our Christmas Gift Wish List service
Our Christmas Gift Wish List service is free and allows our customers to pop and make a list of the things they like.
Your friends and family can see and buy from the Christmas Gift Wish List in-store which we maintain. If more than £100 is purchased from your list by 24 December, you will receive an added bonus of a £10 voucher to be redeemed in January.
To ensure you receive the clothing or accessories you've had your eye on, drop by and make your Christmas Gift Wish List today, then start spreading the word.
If the runner or triathlete in your life doesn't have a list and you're not sure what to buy then we have Gift Vouchers available to buy online and in-store.


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Exploring Clean Technology
Welcome to "Exploring Clean Technology" - a place to explore advanced material science and applications, among other subjects. Click below to read about recent technology developments, all made possible with advanced materials such as lithium, indium, gallium, tin and the rare earths.
Aug 8, 2019
We have discussed "wearable tech" previously here, but the technology keeps getting better and better –like technology that will be indistinguishable from clothing fabric. This is way beyond smartwatches, folks! Image from Mob... Read More
May 14, 2019
It wasn't too long ago that glass products were manufactured by glass-blowing – a technique that can be traced back to the 1 st century BC and the basis of an artisanal industry still alive and well today. The early 19 th century... Read More
Nov 13, 2018
A NASA spacecraft was launched this summer on an unprecedented quest… to get closer to the sun than anything ever sent before. The Parker Solar Probe is flying straight through the wispy edges of the sun's corona, or outer ... Read More
Oct 3, 2018
A new way of enhancing the interactions between light and matter, developed by researchers at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and Technion (the Israel Institute of Technology) could someday lead to more efficient solar cells that collec... Read More
Jul 16, 2018
A bit of 'advanced material history' caught my interest while watching a black & white flick on TCM earlier this week, in which there was a specific reference to a "germanium transistor" as the dad was fixing his son&rsq... Read More
May 8, 2018
The world's first all-electric racing series has taken yet another step into the future. A next generation Formula E car has been unveiled for its competitive debut in the 2018-19 Formula E Championship. The new design has caused quit... Read More
Apr 6, 2018
Hybrid vehicles aren't going to be restricted by gravity for much longer! At the end of November 2017, three major European companies - Siemens, Airbus and Rolls-Royce -announced that they are working toward testing a hybrid-electric pr... Read More
Mar 16, 2018
Advances in material science and new technology applications gallop forward at accelerating speeds! Fields include electrifying cars, buses and trucks; more efficient and reliable renewable energy sources; communications and computing capacities we... Read More
Feb 7, 2018
We all generally aware that yttrium (element 39) and everything from lanthanum (element 57) to lutetium (element 71) on the Periodic Table - otherwise referred to as the rare earths elements or REEs - are vital for the advanced technologi... Read More
Jan 9, 2018
Tesla has installed the world's largest lithium ion battery in South Australia in late November. Tesla teamed up with French renewable energy firm Neoen and the local government to install the battery, which is approximately three times more po... Read More


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DataGrip Sqlite foreign key and index bugs? Follow
I have just been trying to work on a new sqlite database in DataGrip and have encountered several errors.
For tables with a foreign keys the foreign key appears in the database browser window with a name that begins with '#FAKE_...'.
Also the database browser and dialogs indicate an index is unique regardless of whether or not it is unique.
Finally modifying a table, index, or foreign key through the built-in dialog often results in SQL that does not maintain the original table structure exactly. Often it will not execute without errors.
I'm not entirely sure if I'm missing something somewhere or if these are bugs?
My sqlite version is 3.8.9
Hello Andrew,
Currently SQLite database is introspected by jdbc driver which may often be not precise. There are related issues logged:
https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/DBE-2163 , https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/DBE-2194 . What is the Test Connection output for the SQlite Data Source?
It looks like you have identified some of the issues already although there are others. I have attached the output of the test connection. Perhaps the driver needs some work.
Thank you. I've created the https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/DBE-2318 issue. You may follow it for updates. If there are any details you may add to the issue (examples of wrongly detected DDL and original DDL for a table) it would be greatly appreciated.
Please sign in to leave a comment.


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To help with online shopping during COVID-19, we are offering free shipping on all orders.
- Description
Victor® Fly Magnet® Reusable Trap With Bait 1 qt - 6 Traps
The Victor® Fly Magnet™ attracts and traps flies. The attractant lures them in, but doesn't let them escape! This patented non-poisonous bait, included with each trap, is the most effective bait on the market - it out-performs competitive products 20 to 1! The white color and diamond-shaped lid is also designed to attract more flies.
For outdoor use. Safe around children, pets and the environment, these are ideal to use at your backyard party.
Victor® Fly Magnet™ bait can also be purchased separately. Click here to stock up on the bait so you can continue to re-use your trap!
Directions for Use:
- Open Trap
- Pour bait into trap and add water to fill line. Swirl to mix
- As trap fills, add water to keep flies submerged
- Dispose of contents, rinse trap and re-bait
Victor® - Pest Control Solutions from the Company You've Trusted for Over 115 Years.
- Specs
Victor® Fly Magnet® Reusable Trap With Bait 1 qt - 6 Traps - Specs
Product Features:
- Attractant lures them in, they can't escape and they drown
- Baited system will last a long time. Effectiveness is not diminished with time. Bait will attract a broad range of species, including house and blowflies
- Traps are re-usable. Once filled with flies, dump contents, re-bait, add water and do it again! Replacements baits are available
What's in the Box:
- (6) Fly Magnet® traps
- (6) attractants
- Attractant is included
- Bait is completely non-toxic and made of dehydrated food-grade products
- Empty bait into trap then add water
- White color and diamond-shaped lid designed to attract more flies
- Safe around children, pets and the environment
- Reviews
Disclaimer: Safer® Brand does not endorse any information contained in product reviews. Please follow all label instructions for your specific use.
Most Recent Customer Reviews
Review RateMuy buen producto lo recomiendo 100% efectivo
Para mí fue tan emocionante cuando vi que el galón estaba casi lleno hasta la tapa de moscas de ahí en adelante me di cuenta que sí trabaja y cumple con las expectativas llamé a mis vecinos y me dijeron que pasa con las moscas ya no hay tantas estamos en pleno verano le dije yo las he Atrapado en mi casa en una trampa de Fly magnet lo recomiendo por siempre tremendo producto mi respeto
Review RateMuy efectivo
Se lo compré a una compañía es lo mejor que he visto hasta ahora no podía creer lo que veían mis ojos cuando vi el pomo de un galón lleno de mosca es increíble lo recomiendo un 300% Gracias Víctor fly Magnet
Review RateFly trap works great, letting you enjoy your outdoors.
I have bought several of these over the last couple of years and they work great although they do deteriorate overtime and begin to crack after being outside for long periods but even though I have to rebuy every year or two I still will be buying them from Victor because they work, I would recommend that when 1 is purchased that at least one refill pack be purchased also because it works so great.
Review RateFantastic Product
Best I've ever used for fly elimination! We haven't had a fly in the house all spring and summer so far. Fantastic product and I will always use this product in the future.
Review RateAmazing product
I have to admit that I was a bit skeptical about this product working but I been completely blown away on how effective it is! Within two days it was completely filled with dead flies. Now I just think I should have ordered more refills
Review Rateworks better than I can describe
Flies in the backyard were eating me alive until I bought this trap. Placed it in a sunny spot in the yard, and instead of me being a human fly feast, I became a very occasional fly snack as most of them are now lifeless inside this fantastic plastic death trap. I am ten feet from it and don't smell a thing if you are worried about that, but to the flies it must smell like heaven. In reality, it is fly hell.
Review RateFly trapWorks great catches tons of flys and shipping was fast as always.
Review RateDoes the job....BIG timePlace the trap on a tree in my back yard and it fills up in no time . Terrific fly trap ! Only one problem the smell can get to you and that is why I place it in the back yard away from the patio and out of sight .
Review Rate
Review RateAlmost perfectWe use this trap outside of our office because we have a lot of flies. This trap doesn't have any smell at all to it-which is awesome.Flies have been caught in which keep them out of the office.I've noticed some flies still in the office. We've used another trap which had a really strong stink odor to it but it kept the flies out of the office.At least this trap doesn't stink
- All About
All About Flies Victor® Fly Magnet™ 1 Quart Trap with Bait Controls
Houseflies (black, non-glossy body) and blowflies (metallic blue/green/gold body) are the most common types found around homes -- both are categorized as "filth flies". Houseflies are attracted more toward animal manure and decayed food, while the blowfly is attracted more to decayed meat (road kill) or fish.
Learn more about flying insects:
- Control Options
Controlling Flying Insects
Natural & Organic Controls
Indoor and outdoor fly traps containing non-poisonous baits, fly paper, and aerosol sprays containing pyrethrins/d-limonene are types of products that can be effective in controlling houseflies.
Indoor fly traps can be safely used inside the home when directions are followed. Outdoor fly traps can be used when many flies have infiltrated an area. There are different types of fly paper available for indoor and outdoor use as well.
Use non-poisonous aerosols such as those containing mint oil, pyrethrin, and d-limonene for instant spot control.
Outdoor fly traps contain food attractants that draws flies. These traps should be placed outdoors according to trap instructions. Set these traps away from outdoor living spaces. By attracting flies, the trap will keep them away from your home, patio or deck.
Indoor fly traps may also contain food based baits and can be used safely in the home when directions are followed. Some traps attract flies just because of their 3-D look. Flies are always looking for a place to land and the color contrast of some traps creates the look of an edge for them to land. Fly paper, an adhesive type of paper, can be placed around windows, in garages, and in barns and stables.
Use aerosols in accordance with directions on the product label.
Fly traps and fly paper should be placed when fly numbers increase. Flies increase in numbers as the temperature rises and often after rainfall since these factors cause the flies' eggs to hatch.
Flies are less active and roost in corners, on ceilings and on the tops of window panes during the heat of the day. Spraying them at this time of day is the most effective use of aerosol sprays.
Why Choose a Natural Solution?
Natural solutions break down quickly to their natural elements. They are preferable to chemical pesticides that leave residuals where they are sprayed causing long-term detrimental effects on the environment.
Environmental Controls
Methods of controlling houseflies include all of the following: removing organic debris from the inside or outside of your house, properly maintaining screens and screen doors, and closing off any cracks in your outside walls that would allow flies to enter your home.
Remove organic debris and trash near your home and in your yard. Place it in a trash bag and tightly close it. Put it out on trash day.
Make sure all of your windows have screens on them. Fix or replace any screens containing holes. Keep doors or screen doors closed.
Use caulk or weatherstripping to fill in any cracks or holes in the outside walls of your home.
Pet waste should be cleaned and disposed of often and removed with the trash weekly.
Remove any organic debris and trash from inside as well as outside of your home throughout the year.
Check screens and screen door before installing or using in the Spring. Periodically check them throughout the summer. Also, check them in the fall before storing them.
Fill in any cracks or holes in your outside walls in late summer or early fall before houseflies enter your home in search of warmer surroundings.
- Tips
Tips for Trapping Flies
- The system will generally attract flies from a distance of 30-40 feet, depending on wind conditions.
- Add water to the trap if the solution gets below the fill line. Water is needed to drown the trapped flies.
- Flies like heat, light, low wind. Place traps in sunny areas. If in an enclosed area such as a barn, place traps within 6 feet of an electrical light.
- Flies search low for food sources. Traps are most effective when placed 24 inches or less from ground level.
- Flies remain dormant until their body temperature reaches approximately 65 degrees F. Do not expect much activity below this temperature.
- Bait is also reusable for a period of time. Remove dead flies from liquid bait and add enough water to return liquid bait level to fill line.
- Replace bait when you notice a marked decrease in the number of flies in the trap.
- FAQs
Flying Insect Trap - FAQs
Q: How do your Fly Traps compare in efficacy to one another and to an ultraviolet trap?
A: For outdoor use for flies, the fly trap is definitely the best. If by ultraviolet, you mean bug zappers, they are ok, but attract a lot of other insects that are otherwise not a problem, including beneficial insects. More»
Q: What is the fly bait made of and is the odor offensive?
A: The bait formulation is proprietary, but consists mostly of food grade ingredients, to be more specific (proteins). The odor is not as strong if the trap is placed in an area with a lot of air circulation. The important thing is that the flies love it.
Q: What do you recommend for indoor use and why?
A: I recommend Victor® Fly Tape, or Victor® Fly Strip for use indoor. This will attract and trap flies very effectively, and without the odor. More»


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Freezers use less electricity when they run than other appliances, such as your clothes dryer. However, your freezer runs all the time and uses more electricity than most appliances per month. How much power your freezer uses in a month is related to its wattage and how efficiently you use it.
Standalone Freezer Wattage
Freezer wattage generally varies depending on the size of the freezer. For instance, a 20-cubic-foot standalone freezer uses 350 watts, while a 15-cubic-foot freezer uses 335 watts, according to the Otter Tail Power Co.
Refrigerator-Freezer Wattage
Refrigerator-freezer combinations are more common in homes than standalone freezers and they also have higher wattage. Side-by-side refrigerator-freezers, which are typically between 22 to 26 cubic feet, use up to about 780 watts.
Electricity Cost
Otter Tail estimates that you use your freezer for a median of 300 hours per month. This translates to 100.5 kilowatt-hours of use for a 15-cubic-foot freezer, 105 kWh for a 20-cubic-foot freezer and about 234 kWh for a side-by-side freezer. At the time of publication, electricity companies charge an average of 11.64 cents per kilowatt hour, so the monthly cost of running a freezer is $11.70, $12.22 and $27.24 respectively.
Using Less Electricity
Older freezers can use 110 percent of the energy that a new, energy-efficient model uses, so you can use less electricity by replacing yours with an Energy Star-certified model. According to Energy Star, you can also save energy by keeping your freezer full. This way, there's less air for it to chill.
Bibiana da Silva
Bibiana da Silva has been writing professionally since 2009. Her credited and ghostwritten work appears in numerous publications, including eHow Money. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in linguistics from Rice University.


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Warning: It gets ugly in here…
There's nothing like friends coming to live in your house to get you motivated about clearing out the hideous and embarrassing spaces in your home. Thanks guys!
First up was the worst space of all. A space that is probably the worst because it's not one that gets shared too often. It's one that visitors, and even extended family keep out of generally, even when the kids are persistently inviting them in to "come and see…"!
The master bedroom. The one that I was too frightened to share even on the Before & Progress page. Because there was no progress.
But last weekend I learnt that even a declutter and tidy up on a large scale can be called progress. This is it:
This room has become a dumping ground for bits of projects, boxes of paperwork, endless blankets and pillows and cushion inners, and let's be honest… piles of clothes that never make it to where they belong.
May this cringe-worthy sight keep me motivated to work towards a master bedroom that is a pleasant place to be!
As with any good tidy up, things look so much worse in the process. Not only did our bedroom look like a bomb had gone off, but the lounge and spare room got treated pretty badly too. I'm pleased to say the lounge is restored to normal again, but the spare room still suffers… Still some sorting to do there!
So, here's how we are looking now (I did get to sleep that night!):
Tidy…! But there is not a single thing I love in this room. Except for these (temporary) flowers and the digital clock. Sad but so true. It is the least loved room in the whole house.
After months of living in a room that was not only uninviting, but actually rudely obvious about not wanting to be habitable, it feels good to feel like we at least have a bedroom that is behaving like a bedroom should. We haven't won it over yet by any means, but this little step of progress makes me feel like one day it might get all friendly and say "oh won't you come on in and stay a while? – It's peaceful in here!"
Cheers to unintentional but very strong encouragement to get things sorted, and to a clear space that allows you to see a way forward! Here's my last thoughts on the way forward for this very important room.


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Scrabble & Words with Friends Word Unscrambler
Definition of Pretzel
1 Definition of Pretzel
The definition of pretzel, the meaning of word Pretzel
Is pretzel a scrabble word? Yes!
- n.- glazed and salted cracker typically in the shape of a loose knot
0 Synonym of Pretzel
Pretzel is worth 18 points in Words with Friends and 20 points in Words with Friends
There are 7 letters in pretzel: E E L P R T Z