text:
Mike systems as a major roving communication device have been used
for decades by local rural broadcast entrepreneurs who bought these ensembles
and journeyed through the countryside playing music to entertain the masses.
These mike systems consisted of two large funnel shaped horns, an amplifier, a
turntable that played 78 RPM records and a microphone. The huge horns are
attached to the roof of an automobile while the other attachments are placed
inside the vehicle during "mike" operations. In addition, the mike systems are
also used at weddings and public gatherings. These mike systems are some of the
most powerful amplification sound systems and their sounds can be heard for
miles around. The men who operate those systems are referred to as mike men.
This paper examines the influence of the mike men and their mike systems in Trinidad and Tobago from its introduction to the country in the 1940s, through its peak in the 1960s and continuing into the 1980s. By examining this historically important phenomenon, the paper sheds light on the process by which such interventions influenced social, religious and cultural structures among East Indians in the country during the period under study. The time period covered includes; the early distribution of Indian movies, the changing images of East Indian weddings and East Indian struggle for space in Trinidad
Figure2.Mike System bolted on to hood of motor vehicle, Trinidad. Personal photograph by author. 2010.
Traversing the tiny Caribbean island of Trinidad is a group of East Indian music lovers sometimes referred to as traditional DJs but better known as "mike men." They are cultishly fanatical about their airborne amplification systems, which are seen on the hoods of automobiles. Each mike car has two large mega horns amplifying music that can be heard miles away. Those enormous portable air raid warning megaphones are attached to the roof of the automobile with a hood rack system. The mike system generally consists of a record player, an amplifier, two horns or funnels, horn drivers, the microphone, a motor vehicle battery, a backup battery, an automobile hood rack and 78-RPM vinyl records.
Origins of the mike men in Trinidad
Early amplifier systems which were brought into the country were primarily for home usage with small horns attached to the player systems. By the 1920s, there were wooden box systems which were used to amplify sounds in public gatherings. The first horn mike system was imported into Trinidad in the 1930s but there was limited public usage. However, with improvements in the systems, by the 1940s, their publicuse increased and they became popular as "announcers," used mainly to amplify voices and songs. Initially these mike systems were considered "loud and noisy instruments" because of the sheer power with which they blasted sound all around. People in the country had not previously experienced such high levels of sound in public spaces and many, particularly from the wealthy and upper class, considered the instruments a public nuisance. There were many objections to the playing of the mike system in public spaces and because of that, there was limited public use of such systems in the early days of its introduction into the country. However, by the 1940s, the mike men found a niche in the market among East Indians and were used extensively at Hindu weddings and other East Indian events.
Until the mid-1950s, Hindu weddings were all-night affairs commencing at 6 pm and ending at 6 am the next morning. After 1955, the Hindu night weddings were gradually phased out and such weddings took place during the daytime, usually on a Sunday. Entertainment at Hindu weddings before the 1950s consisted largely of classical singing and dance dramas which lasted through the night. There were no sound amplification systems available in those early years, and singers and actors in the dance dramas strained their voices to the maximum in order to be heard over the often noisy and boisterous wedding attendees.
Wedding affairs in those days were very open events and everyone in the village attended whether invited or not. With the advent of the mike systems in the country, Hindu wedding hosts employed the mike men to amplify the voices of the classical singers and the dance drama personnel. There was only one microphone which was passed from one person to the
An early gramophone used by mike men other. This amplification of sound at the Hindu wedding was a novelty for East Indians and the popularity of the mike man gradually spread among members of the East Indian community. As his popularity grew among the wedding gatherings, he was commonly referred to as "the mike man" because his main purpose for being at the weddings was to use the microphone to amplify the voices of actors and singers. Hence, due to regular use and for quick reference, the term microphone was shortened to "mike." John Jagroopsingh (interview, 2008) indicated that as the mike man arrived at locations where he played, members of the public were heard to remark "the mike man reach," "look the mike come," ";the mike passing (meaning going by)," all in reference to the man with the microphone. In time, the operator of the microphone became known as the "mike man." The term "mike man" passed into common usage and came to refer to the operators of the horn amplifier systems. Before long, the term "mike" also came to refer to the large horns or funnels placed on the hood of automobiles and people pointed to the horns when referring to the mike. Thus, the term "mike" which originally referred to the microphone came to refer to the horns and later to the entire system. The term "mike man" which originally referred to the owner of the microphone came to refer to the owner of the mike system.
Randy Kissoon (interview 2013), said that every mike man gave his mike system a name. The names were written on the inside of the wide end of the horns and were supposed to reflect power and dominance of the owner. For example, names such as El Toro, the Dragon, Tiger, Lion, Guns of Navarone, Mount Everest, Janglee, Yahoo and Thunder were often seen etched on mike horns.
The mike men as Indian cultural icons
The Mike Men and Hindu Weddings
The Mike men made their greatest impact on East Indians at Hindu weddings where they continuously played Indian film songs. It was here that the mike men found a niche for themselves and in the process became identified with Indian film songs as their main menu.
During the early years of the mike man at the Hindu night wedding ceremonies there were breaks or intervals during the official entertainment programme (which consisted of classical singing and dance dramas) and the mike man made use of the intervals at those events. He seized those opportunities to keep the audiences entertained with Indian film songs played through his mike system, much to the delight of wedding audiences. In this way, he began to popularize Indian film songs at Hindu weddings. East Indians loved the Indian film songs because they were very catchy, rhythmic and melodious and many people enjoyed listening to those songs through the mike systems during these intervals at the wedding nights. Soon, audiences began to demand the playing of Indian cinema songs for longer intervals at the wedding nights and people began to look forward to the playing of the film songs on the mike system during such intervals. Some people went to those night weddings and waited for hours for those intervals when the mike man played Indian film songs. As audience demands for the mike man grew at the Hindu night weddings, he began arriving early at those events and entertained the first arrivals with his Indian film songs from as early as 5 pm until the classical singers and dance performers took over the entertainment proceedings later in the evening. In addition, he continued playing at intervals during the night. On occasions, at the Hindu night weddings, there were disappointments with the nonappearance of the dance drama troupe or the classical singers and the mike man was asked to fill in the entertainment gap. This he did willingly and much to the delight of the fans in the audience. Many people, particularly the wedding hosts, were surprised that the mike man "carried" the entire wedding night playing Indian film songs for the enjoyment of the wedding audiences. Now while during the classical singing sessions and the dance drama performances many young people took very little interest in the events of the night; it was the opposite whenever the mike man played Indian film songs. Most people remained to hear the mike songs and on the special occasions when he played for the entire night at the Hindu wedding, everyone stayed for the entire night, enjoyed the songs and kept asking for more. What started therefore as a stopgap measure to fill in for an absent troupe or a group of singers caught the attention of everyone and by the early 1950s the mike man was the preferred form of entertainment at Hindu weddings. The classical singers and the dance drama groups were pushed into the background.
When, by the mid-1950s, Hindu weddings became a daytime affair, usually on a Sunday, there was a vacuum left on the Saturday night between the Friday night Hardi ceremonies and the Sunday wedding rituals. The entertainment previously provided on the wedding night was mainly to entertain the bharatians (visitors) from the bridegroom's entourage. With the shift in the wedding rituals from the Saturday night to Sunday (daytime) many wedding hosts continued the tradition of entertainment for the visiting entourage during the wedding ceremony on the Sunday. However this was not very practical as there were many concerns that the entertainment was a cause of disruption during the wedding rituals being performed. For many people a Hindu wedding was an excuse for elaborate entertainment and socialization so more people preferred to pay attention to the entertainment taking place than the wedding rituals. As a result, in many instances, the Sunday entertainment at Hindu weddings was discontinued.
In the initial wedding arrangements pre 1950s, because the wedding was generally held on a Saturday night, certain prenuptial ceremonies (Hardi) were performed on the night preceding the wedding which was generally a Friday night. With the shift of the wedding ceremonies to the Sunday (daytime), the prenuptial Hardi rituals could have been brought forward to the Saturday night but most people decided to keep the tradition of the Friday night prenuptial arrangements. This left a vacuum on the Saturday night. Now wedding ceremonies among the East Indians were known "open affairs", and villagers, friends, families and well-wishers always assisted the wedding hosts with cash donations or foodstuffs. At the time when such weddings were held at nights, villagers, friends and relatives came to the assistance of the hosts and cooked and fed all visitors. This was ongoing throughout the night. When the wedding was shifted to the Sunday daytime, many wedding hosts kept the tradition of cooking and feeding guests and visitors during the wedding day (Sunday) . However there were difficulties with concluding the cooking chores on time, especially the preparation of the roti. To resolve the problem many wedding hosts decided to prepare some of the food items during the "free" Saturday night. Friends and relatives were invited to keep company with the cooks as they prepared food items ( mainly roti) for the next day while others prepared various talkaries(vegetable dishes) for cooking the next day. To keep the attendees "lively and entertained " people told stories, jokes and danced and sang among themselves. Eventually as the Saturday night gatherings grew, the dance dramas and classical singers were invited to provide entertainment. As the event took on new proportions and the people came, not just to keep company with the cooks but to enjoy the entertainment, the Saturday night event mushroomed in a hugely popular event which came to be referred to as the "cooking night." Eventually, the mike man was invited to provide entertainment and from the mid-1950s to the late 1980s , he became the preferred choice of entertainment at cooking nights. So what began as entertainment to keep family, friends, well-wishers and the cooks in good spirits during what became known as the cooking nights, turned out to be a major event at Hindu weddings. In many cases the Saturday cooking night entertainment eclipsed the actual wedding day event as many people preferred to attend the cooking night because of the entertainment value they received. This was because of the novelty of the mike system, it's loud broadcasts and its seeming beacon call to all around that something unique in the entertainment world was taking place at the wedding house. Later, Indian orchestras began to replace the mike man at these events but the orchestras needed the microphones from the mike man for amplification of their singers' voices. In this way, even though the mike man was pushed into the background when the Indian orchestra provided entertainment on the cooking night, he remained a necessary ingredient at the cooking nights. In addition he played his Indian film songs during intervals, before the orchestra commenced playing music (usually 5 pm to 8 pm) and after the orchestra completed its entertainment program (usually after 2 am Sunday morning).
The mike man emerged without challenge as the key ingredient in the cooking night and the people from near and far gathered at the wedding house to listen to the " music from the mike." But playing mike in the Hindu wedding eventually turned out to be a challenge for the mike man as it grew from entertainment to the timely playing of relevant songs at the event. He learned to be skilled in his selection of appropriate songs according to the time of the night and the ceremonies performed during the several wedding rituals spanning from Friday night through Sunday evening. He emerged as the star attraction at the cooking nights playing Indian film songs and thus became a cultural icon for East Indians.
While in the early years of their development in the country they were considered outcasts by dint of their hard work and perseverance the mike men created a cultural space for themselves at the cooking night. Equally, the East Indians' love for Indian film music was positive reinforcement for them in the creation of a niche in the market. In time, they overcame all obstacles and emerged as Indian cultural icons because of the music they played.
Stocks, Stars and Style
Kissoon, stated "the Mike men played mainly in rural East Indian settlement areas of the country. His stock in trade was Indian film songs played from 78 RPM vinyl records imported from India" while Ramkissoon indicated that their favorite Hindi film playback singers included Mohammed Rafi, Lata Mangeshkar, Hemant Kumar, Mukesh, Asha Bosle, Mahendra Kapoor, Manna Dey and Talat Mahmood. The Mike man usually had a huge number of records (literally running into the hundreds) which he took to the cooking night and other functions. At the wedding house (as with other locations where he played), particularly at the cooking night, the mike man was the center of attraction. The celebrity status accorded the mike men created a stir among some audience members at cooking nights and many felt compelled to become acquainted with the mike men. Partap Sitahal, a mike enthusiast and avid cooking night follower, remarked,
There was a certain aura about the mike and the mike man which caught the attention of audiences. Just to 'see' the mike passing was a huge achievement for many. To be waived at or talked to by the mike man as he passed, was an honor for the average villager as they ran out of their homes to the roadside when they heard the sound of the mike in the distance. He held a special exalted position in the eyes of the villagers and the audience. From the moment he entered the village on Saturday evening playing his mike to the time he left on Sunday evening, he enjoyed celebrity status among the villagers…
and Ramdeowar, a Mike man for more than sixty years confirmed Sitahal's assertion and added that
Women ran out with flour (dough) in their hands, as they lined the roadside to see the mike. People waved to us and made us feel special as we passed through the villages. Wherever the mike man played in those days, he was the center of attention, like a kind of star boy himself. People treated us special
while Baliram Ramoutar, a mike man for fifty years, stated that he (the mike man), was the man of the moment at cooking nights and weddings and his wishes were instantly fulfilled by the hosts and those around him Sitahal further indicated that while many people wanted to get close to the mike man, to befriend him, to talk to him, to request a song; just being close to him, being in his company was adequate for the average East Indian filmi music fan. For others, just getting an acknowledgment from him, a knowing look or just a simple nod of the head meant a great deal to them. Sitahal also suggested it was a major talking point to tell their friends that they knew the mike man, spoke to him, or requested a song which he played. When a requested song was played, the person requesting the song often hailed out the mike man with a "thank you mike man" so that everyone present knew that he had requested that song. Sitahal recalled spending an entire night sitting next to mike men, chatting with him and making special requests for songs not only on his own behalf but also on behalf of other friends who channeled their requests to the mike man through him. This was a great achievement for him as he (Sitahal) shared the center of attention, sitting next to the mike man. Everyone who had an encounter with the mike men felt a sense of importance and this added to the evolving image of the mike men as icons among the people. In this way the mike men gained in prominence and many of them sought to create innovations in the manner in which they performed their duties.
As he played at the cooking night there was a certain style, flair and individuality with which the mike man executed his duties. For example, many people admired the dexterity and panache with which he lifted the arm of the record player as he replaced the records on the turntable. But while the mike man was an adept at selecting appropriate film songs for the Hindu wedding he encountered some difficulty in providing the same level of service when he played at Muslim or Christian cooking nights. Kissoon admitted that there were some relevant Indian film songs related to Muslim weddings but limited numbers that were applicable to Christian weddings. This was because most Indian movies focused on Hindu weddings and therefore most of the songs reflected those scenarios. However, the mike man often made up for this since he had a wide repertoire of Hindi film songs that were general in nature and which were loved by all audiences.
From entrepreneurs to identity markers
While the Mike men began their journey in Trinidad as entrepreneurs, their mike playing routines assisted in the evolution of East Indian identity in the country. Whether they played their music as a hobby or as hired agents, their impact on East Indians was phenomenal. They became identified with playing Indian film music which formed the core of an evolving East Indian identity in Trinidad. They were hired to perform at several functions such as announcements of Indian movies at cinemas, weddings and Hindu religious occasions where they played mainly Indian film songs.
In the early days of cinema in Trinidad (1900-1945) advertisements were generally done using storefront windows, posters at strategic locations, distribution of flyers by hired flyer- boys and newspaper advertisements. Most cinemas were located in urban areas and depended mainly on the walk-in crowd since transportation to and from outlying areas posed severe difficulties in terms of costs and availability at nighttime. Before the advent of Indian movies in 1935 East Indians were not known to frequent cinemas. Cinema owners, in an effort to encourage East Indians to leave their comfort zone and attend the cinema in urban areas, sent flyer boys into the villages to distribute flyers announcing the arrival of a new Indian movie. They left flyers at shops, doctors' offices, schools and other places. In addition, posters were stuck up at the village shops and other places but these had limited success since many East Indians could neither read nor write in the English language. Ramesh Boodhoo, a former cinema owner indicated that cinema owners needed to find a different way to get their messages to East Indians and this was where the mike men made a significant difference.
Beginning in the 1940s cinema owners exhibiting Indian movies employed the services of the mike men who went into the rural areas to advertise Indian movies. Boodhoo also indicated that every cinema that exhibited Indian movies had a mike man attached to it. In some instances, depending on the popularity of the movie and the songs, three or four mikes were hired by the same cinema to go into the surrounding areas to advertise the movie. The mike men went into the predominantly East Indian villages and publicized Indian movies in a manner that no other medium could match. Their remit was to attract East Indians to the cinema and this they did creditably. Kelvin Gajadhar indicated that in the same manner in which people ran out of their homes to see and listen to the mike when it came to the cooking night or when it "carried" the wedding, they came out and stood by the roadside when they heard the "cinema" announcements. In advertising the Indian movie, the mike man played Indian film songs as a beacon call to attention, then cut into the song still playing softly in the background and spoke of the Indian movie being shown in the nearby cinemas. He drove through the villages very slowly attracting maximum attention because of the sheer loudness of the music being played. As he drove along he distributed flyers relating to the Indian movie being shown. Many people were encouraged to attend the exhibition of the movie at the cinema mainly because of the work of the mike man playing the songs from the movie as he advertised it. In addition, Jagroopsingh pointed out that "we were eager to hear the mike man play the songs from the movies and this was a great motivation for us to see the movies." Sitahal added that without the work of the mike man publicizing Indian movies in the villages, cinemas would have been hard pressed to get a decent crowd for Indian movies. He further mentioned that people "remembered the songs that were played on the mike and it kept 'ringing in our minds, ears'; it seemed to cast a spell upon us and until we saw the movie we were not satisfied." By playing the film songs from Indian movies at several occasions, the mike man unknowingly encouraged the process whereby they were identified with Indian film songs and East Indians began to identify with the Indian film songs. Even as the mike man went about his business earning an income, he unwittingly made a tremendous contribution to the popularity of Indian film songs and the exhibition of Indian movies. This helped in the creation of an East Indian identity for East Indians that was linked to Indian movies and Indian film songs.
In those early years before the advent of Indian movies, the average East Indian was starved of Indian music and songs. The only source of songs and music for them was the mike man who endeared himself to the villagers with the playing of popular songs from Indian movies whether it was during announcements or at the cooking nights. There was a natural link between Indian film songs, the mike man and the people. Eventually people associated the mike man with Indian film songs. Later, Indian film songs became an identity symbol for East Indians in the 1950s and the 1960s and it was during that time that there was a crystallization of Indian film songs connecting to East Indian identity. (Gooptar, 2012)
The influence of the mike man also extended to several religious functions among the East Indians, particularly among the Hindus where he also played Indian film songs, but this time his repertoire was limited to religious songs from Indian movies. The cumulative effect of the mike men constantly bombarding East Indians with Indian film songs popularized those songs among them in a manner that had not been achieved by the traditional songs that existed in the East Indian communities. Narsaloo Ramaya (interview 2008) argued that Indian film songs gradually replaced traditional folk and religious songs at East Indian events. He noted that the average East Indian had been starved of any new identity connections with India and Indian movies were seen as an identity connection with India. The songs were catchy, rhythmic and "modern" in the eyes of most East Indians who generally preferred to listen to the filmi songs rather than the traditional East Indian songs. In time, due to the work of the mike men, Indian film songs became an identity icon among the East Indians.
By the mid-1950s mike men had also become an indispensable part of the success of major Hindu religious activities in the Indian settlement communities. For example, his contribution was a major input to the success in the hosting of community Ramayan Yaagnas, Bhagwat Yaagnas, monthly Kathas, Ramleela celebrations and Phagwa celebrations. In addition the mike men became a major influence in the success of community sporting events, bazaars and some parties. His contributions were generally in three areas; announcing the event, providing a microphone for the speakers such as pundits at religious ceremonies and the announcers at sports meetings, and playing relevant music for the occasion. In the case of Hindu religious occasions such as Ramayan Yaagnas and Bhagwat Yaagnas the mike man arrived very early, by 5 pm, and began playing religious songs from Indian films at the location. This, Sitahal suggested, was a wake-up call for villagers, reminding them that the Yaagna was in progress and would begin very shortly that evening. Many people came early simply to listen to the religious songs played by the mike man. In the case of sports meetings the mike was an indispensable part of the proceedings as the announcer kept everyone abreast of what was happening on the field of sports with the microphone supplied by the mike man. This was possible because of the wide reach of the horns and its loudness which could be heard above the noise on the sports ground. In addition, whenever there was a lull in the proceedings the mike man always filled in the gaps by playing Indian film songs. In these scenarios, it must be noted that while he was hired for various types of announcements, the mike man played Indian film songs in public spaces and unwittingly claimed those public spaces for East Indians. This consumption of Indian film songs by East Indians in public spaces added significantly to the other occasions when the mike man played Indian film songs and the cumulative effect was one of East Indian identity with Indian film songs.
Social impact
While in the early days of their existence the Mike men were largely popular among members of the East Indian community their work was eventually noticed by other sections of the country and they were hired for several other activities including announcements connected to politics and government services. Even though many people considered them "noisy and annoying "they eventually became the mouth piece of business men, politicians and many government utility services. They performed valuable services in times of crisis in order to get information to the public in a timely manner and many people believed that it was due to the services of the mike men that many crises in the health sector were averted.
With the introduction of party politics in Trinidad and Tobago in 1956, mike men became an integral part of political campaigns by the various parties in the election. Since then to the present time, the election season has been one of the most lucrative times of the year for the mike man. Although it was a very short period, every mike was utilized during an election campaign as candidates tried to gain the upper hand over their opponents. Often there was a shortage of mike systems during the election campaign. In the case of political parties and independent candidates, the mike man was seen as the best option to get their messages out to the people through announcements referred to as "roving mike announcements" and through the use of the microphone at political meetings. Usually the mikes remained on the motor vehicle while speakers at political meetings made their speeches on stage using the microphone provided. Wherever the mike automobile went during the election campaign the candidates were seen in the vehicle speaking to the constituents as they traversed the constituency. With the introduction of the cassette recorders, and later digital recordings, the politicians no longer needed to sit in the roving mike vehicle and speak to his audiences. He simply recorded his message on a cassette tape or CD and the mike man played this recording throughout the constituency. In most cases, particularly in the early days of the use of tape recorders, many people had no idea that it was a recording and thought that it was the candidate himself who had come to the area with the mike to personally give his message to them. The social and political impact of the mike man was phenomenal as they worked not only in their traditional areas but in communities throughout the country. Through them the politicians were able to make contact with the people in an effort to gain their votes at election time.
In addition to politicians, numerous government agencies and businesses regularly made use of the mike men to get their messages out to the people at very short notice. For example, if there was an outbreak of malaria in a particular part of the country and there was a need for an urgent spraying with insecticides, the Ministry of Health, Victor Control Division, utilized the services of the mike men to inform residents of the schedule for spraying in the areas affected. Similarly, within recent years other utilities such as the Water and Sewage Authority (WASA) and the Trinidad and Tobago Electricity Commission (TTEC) utilized the mike men to inform residents of affected areas when scheduled works and interruptions of the utility services would negatively impact upon them.
By the late 1960s many business concerns began using the mike systems to go into villages and surrounding areas to publicize sale events at their commercial enterprises. The mike man went into the areas announcing the sale events and distributing fliers to residents. It is important to note here also that when making these announcements the mike man played Indian film songs to draw the attention of the people. In many instances most people were interested in hearing the Indian film songs played by the mike man rather than the announcements which he came to make.
A unique feature about the mike system was its ability to reach out to the public in a manner that other communication devices could not. The share loudness and carriage of the sound ensured that people within a wide radius were able to take note of the messages being broadcast. In addition the mike man was able to go into areas where there was no electricity and broadcast his message to everyone. The message was heard by all within the catchment area at the same time.
In addition to those announcements the mike men made their appearance during the death of a villager. From the inception of the mike man in Trinidad, many people realized that the quickest way to get the message of a death in the village to surrounding areas was through the mike man. In those days when there were no refrigeration services to keep the deceased body for long periods it was important to get the word out as quickly as possible as funerals were normally held within one or two days after death occurred. In those circumstances, the mike man came to the rescue and made death announcements in the village and surrounding areas playing Indian religious film songs between the announcements. Ramdeowar expressed the view that in those early days of the mike man it was considered "unjust and unwise" to charge the family of the deceased to make a death announcement so his contribution was generally accepted as community service and any mike man who asked for money in those days was frowned upon as trying to "take money from the dead."
The social and political impact of the mike men therefore was remarkable as they sought to get their messages into areas that were not accessible to radio and other forms of public information. They communicated with the people, lived among them and played their music for their enjoyment. As with other aspects of their routines, the constant playing of Indian film songs kept those songs alive among the people and in time the songs became commonplace among them and the mike men gained in status among East Indians.
Cultural influence
Wherever he went, up to the 1970s, the mike man was a veritable star boy; he was the man of the moment, almost given celebrity status. Everyone wanted to know him, to meet him, to talk to him or just to be around him. People in villages where the mike man gave his services talked for days afterwards about meeting him, talking to him, nodding to him or simply listening to the film songs he played. Those who requested songs that he played talked about the event for weeks afterwards.
The mike men were largely responsible for the spread and development of Indian film songs in Trinidad and Tobago. They are the repository of the largest collection of Indian film songs in the country. They are collectors of old and rare Indian film songs which are considered prized possessions. There are Indian film songs in the possession of mike men that are never heard on the radio. It was the mike man who in the early days before the advent of radio, took Indian film songs to the people in the outlying areas particularly in the Indian settlement areas: they were the ones who kept it alive among the East Indian people and who provided a voice for the East Indians. The mike man's job was a labour of love in the early days of the mike in Trinidad because the financial return from the letting of the mike system was very small. He provided musical enjoyment for East Indians while giving a voice to East Indian identity in public spaces. They in turn held him in very high esteem and in time saw him as a cultural icon among them.
For many people the mike men will always have a special place in their lives because of the tremendous contribution they made to East Indian culture and the evolution of East Indian identity in Trinidad. Without the work of the mike men, Indian film songs would not have been as popular and widespread as they were in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. It is the work of the mike men that kept Indian film songs popular among the East Indian communities and it was this popularity of Indian film songs that eventually led to the identification of East Indians with Indian film songs and their spin-offs. Whenever a cultural item reflecting East Indian traditions was required for a public program, in most instances the Indian film song was selected.
During the period under consideration, the mike men were the gatekeepers of Indian culture and Indian film songs in the country. Wherever they went, they played their stock in trade; Indian film songs and thereby kept Indian culture alive among East Indians. The playing of Indian film songs by the mike men in the streets of the country, in public spaces, helped to build the self-esteem of East Indians who hitherto practised their religion and culture in privacy. East Indians were not known to broadcast their culture and religion in public spaces but the coming of the mike men changed that and for the first time Indian songs were played regularly in public spaces for all to hear. The claiming of the public space by the mike men boldly encouraged East Indians to assert themselves at a time when they were struggling to claim an identity in Trinidad and that identity was indelibly linked to Indian film songs. The Mike men epitomized for many East Indians the keepers of their culture in the country and they collectively preserved one of the tangible heritages of the East Indians in Trinidad, Indian film songs.
The mike men played a significant role in the evolution of East Indian identity in Trinidad because of their (the mike men's) influence on the social, cultural and religious events among East Indians. Their constant playing of Indian film songs pushed into the background East Indians traditional songs and music and etched into the psyche of the East Indian; the "modern" Indian film songs of the era under study. East Indians embraced the new type of Indian film music. They also gave high status to the mike men because they brought East Indians closer to India through the music they played. There was a definite affinity between the Indian film songs and East Indians in Trinidad. During the period under study East Indians in Trinidad struggled to claim their space in the country and Indian film songs afforded them the opportunity to do so. East Indians identified with the Indian film songs because it provided a link to their ancestral homeland, India. Since Indian film songs assisted East Indians in their identity formation and the Mike men were the ones who brought the Indian film songs to the people and kept it alive among them, they were held in high esteem by the people and, with time, they became cultural icons in the East Indian community.
Gooptar, Primnath. The Impact of Indian Movies on East Indian Identity in Trinidad. PhD Dissertation. UTT. 2012.
Sitahal, Partap (1946—-) is a retired Machine Operator. He is Vice President, Brazil Hindu Temple and is a community, cultural, religious and political activist. He is very knowledgeable in the field of Indian movies in Trinidad.
Ramjattan, Ramdeowar, (1920–) is a retired Caroni worker and mike man. He has more than sixty years' experience as a mike man.
Boodoo, Ramesh (1941- ) is a former cinema owner/operator who spent most of his adult life in the cinema business. He owned and operated the Silk cinema in Sangre Grande.
Gosein, Siew (1918- ). Male. 91 years. Retired labourer. Mike man enthusiast and former Indar Sabha Dancer and Raja Harischandra dance drama artiste (1930s -1960s)
Kissoon, Randy (1954 )… Is self-employed and the owner of three mike systems. He is the current president of the Mike Men Association. He has more than 30 years' experience in the mike business.
Ramoutar, Balliram (1939…. ) is still an active mike man with more than 50 years' experience in the business. He has trained several young people in the mike business
Ramkissoon, Hublal (1949….) is a religious and cultural activist and the owner of two mike systems. He is self-employed and repairs mike systems as a hobby. He has more than 40 years' experience as a mike man. His father was a mike man and he retains two mike systems used by his father in the 1930s and 40s.


text:
through the unknown bush
a blackberry spear
Lovely and what a modest blackberry :)
An independant blackberry, as well.
Thanks for your visit Adelaide & kind comment...
"unkonwn" points in more than one direction. Well done
Thanks for your visit, Bill...
brave and courageous
the true spear
must be a woman :)
Thanks for your visit, Iris...

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Neuroendocrine Cancer UK (formerly NET Patient Foundation) undertakes in-house research as well as supporting external clinical trials. We recognise the patient voice in research is vital. This voice is a hugely underused expertise in research and we thank every one who has contributed to any of the research that we have undertaken or supported.
Advocacy groups are working globally to increase the patient contribution in research.
Examples of NCUK's research projects:
1. We understand that being a Neuroendocrine Cancer patient often involves intermittent visits to hospital. But most of the time you are at home, managing your condition in the community. In 2017 we started a project looking at the support needs of Neuroendocrine Cancer patients and their families in the community, outside of the hospital setting. Several focus groups were held to discuss what the issues are and to give us an idea of what questions we should be asking. We presented these in a poster at UKINETs in December 2017 and won best poster in the category 'Living With and Beyond NETs'. This year we invited Neuroendocrine Cancer patients to take part in an online survey about support, the feedback has been absolutely invaluable and we are very grateful to anyone who took the time to complete the survey or take part in the focus group.
2. 'MIND the Gap' – this is a 2 year project, undertaken with our psychotherapy service. The main aim is to raise awareness and to fill the gap (or huge void for some) in terms of the reality of cancer long term. This can be an anxiety ridden place, and we have to help patients carry, not only the physical, but also the psychological burden of disease. There are 9 major themes within this project, ranging from living with uncertainty to managing communication with your medical team.
3. Development of an EORTC Quality of Life questionnaire for patients with Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours. This international study aims to create a Quality of Life questionnaire for patients with Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours (pNETs). This study is funded by the EORTC, Neuroendocrine Cancer UK and Pfizer. The lead site for this project is Hampshire Hospitals, Professor John Ramage. There are 7 UK sites set up and 7 International sites.
4. PanDA | Pancreatic Cancer Dietary Assessment – Prospective study to assess the impact of embedding a dietician into the pancreatic cancer clinic; pro-active identification and treatment of pancreatic enzyme insufficiency to improve outcomes for patients with pancreatic malignancies.
The main aims of the study are:
- The early identification of those "at risk" of malnutrition
- Early and appropriate intervention
- Promotion of Quality of Life (QoL)
- Improve treatment tolerance and positively influence treatment outcomes.
This study is funded by the NET Patient Foundation and Pancreatic Cancer UK.
The lead site is the Christies Manchester, Professor Juan Valle.
5. PHE Partnership Project – this has been a huge project for us and work has finished on the initial interrogation of Public Health England Dataset on Neuroendocrine Cancer patients, along with registries in Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland. We are hugely grateful to all the contributors from each registry, and to our medical working group for their commitment to this project. To date UK information about incidence, prevalence and survival of persons with Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NENs) has been lacking. From our completed work, this information is now available for the first time and our finalised paper has been sent for publication.
Other 2018 collaborative publications are:
Delays and Routes to Diagnosis of Neuroendocrine Tumours – R Basuroy, C Bouvier, J Ramage, M Sissons and R Srirajaskanthan BMC Cancer (2018)18:1122
Prevalence of Self-Reported Side Effects in Neuroendocrine Tumour Patients Prescribed Somatostatin Analogues – T Whyand, C Bouvier, P Davies, Br J Nurs. (2018) Jul
The NCRI Clinical Studies Groups (CSGs) have been in existence for more than 10 years, and are a central part of the UK's cancer research infrastructure. There are 18 CSGs that bring together clinicians, scientists, statisticians and lay representatives to coordinate development of a strategic portfolio of trials within their field. All CSGs interact with clinical research networks, funders and researchers to develop studies aimed at improving outcomes for patients. In addition to the 18 CSGs, there are also 3 Advisory Groups that provide ad hoc advice to the CSGs, and others, on developing clinical trials.
Worldwide Research:
SCAN 2019 – This autumn the International Neuroendocrine Cancer Alliance (INCA) invites Neuroendocrine Cancer patients and healthcare professionals to scan the access challenges to optimal care for Neuroendocrine Cancer patients.Click here to find out more and to get involved


text:
UNP MP Palitha Range Bandara speaking at a press briefing revealed that there were nearly 33,000 individuals from the government sector, working across a multitude of sectors and organizations who had been unfairly penalized for political reasons by the previous regime.
The MP was referring to the matter in light of an incident wherea 67-year-old individual, a retired employee of the Sri Lanka Transport Board had immolated himself outside the party headquarters last week. The individual who was identified as Nimal Perera from Wanathamulla had reportedly sought assistance as he was politically victimized.
"I was aware of the matter and was looking to resolve these issues when ministerial portfolios were changed which is when the matter came to a standstill," he said. "There are as many as 33,000 others who were politically victimised, some of whom include party stalwarts and we will ensure that it is sorted by August this year."
He revealed that there were 231 such individuals from the Ceylon Electricity Board out of which two were compensated. 249 from the Petroleum Corporation out of which 44 were compensated. 102 from the Railways department out of which only 92 had been compensated thus far. 3001 from the Sri Lanka Transport Board out of which only 72 had been compensated. He added that there were many more from the Teachers Union and other organisations who are yet to be compensated for, some for loss and damage of property.
MP Bandara referred to efforts by Minister Akila Viraj Kariywasam who had tried to resolve issues within the education sector however it had run into issues when it was debated in Cabinet and rescinded thereafter. He promised that the UNP was looking into the issues and would resolve matters by August this year.


text:
Happy Firestorm! (Or whatever holiday you celebrate in December.) I had a Firestorm miracle this week. I wanted to lose a few pounds before the holidays, and I caught the stomach flu. I lost four pounds in two days!
I have a new piece of flash fiction in issue 7 of Three Minute Plastic, A Journal of Dark Humor and the Truly Bizarre: The Machine. Yes, Giants fans and enemies, it has to do with that dork with the beard. It's 400 words and it's free, so click it, read it, do it. And while you're there, check out the bits by E. M. Jeanmougin, John H. Dromey, and Joseph J. Patchen.
I also recently posted a piece, Art Garfunkel is My Copilot, over at The New Absurdist. There's some interesting stuff going on over there, although most of it is from this surrealist writer from China who makes daily posts about sales on imitation handbags. Must be some parody of consumer culture.
On the subject of free, I didn't do as much as I wanted in 2011, but you can go read With Sleep, All Things Are Possible at Weirdyear. And there's an excerpt of Rumored to Exist over at Indie Books List. I have a couple of other pieces that will show up in early 2012, and my new year's resolution is to get off my ass and submit as much as possible next year, so stay tuned.
As far as the premium (i.e not free) content, a couple of new things went out this year:
- Fistful of Pizza is a new collection of ten short stories that appeared elsewhere, now all in one nice little volume. It's only 99 cents on the kindle, and there's a print version, too.
- Rumored to Exist also hit the kindle, for $2.99. I also put a new print version on CreateSpace here. It's the same as the previous print version, with a few corrections, a new cover, and a cheaper price.
So if you got that new Kindle Fire for Firestorm (or some other holiday), point it in that direction and get some great stuff for cheap. Thanks!


text:
Early Years Package
Up to 75 photos w/Background music
Great for Weddings, Graduations, Birthdays,
Anniversaries. Includes generic background
music or you provide your own music.
Tribute/Memorial Package
Up to 125 photos w/Background music. Includes generic
background music or provide your own music.
• Photo or Slide scanning including color & lighting correction, red-eye removal, and light scratch & dust removal.
• One Professional quality DVD in a plastic DVD case.
• A Professionally scored musical soundtrack including high quality music which you select the music style(s).
• Digital copies of all your restored images in JPG format on the same DVD for editing, printing, or sharing from your computer.
• Our knowledgeable experts will assist you should you need suggestions in production arrangement.
Download Form(s), Save, Complete and include along with your Photos
Music Styles Form, or Song Ideas List, and Slide Show Order Form, Complete & Ship with media.
|Additional Photos (any size)
|Text Captions
|Video Clip Inclusion (up to 5 min)
A Slide Show is a popular way to transform your precious and memorable images into a professional quality Hollywood style production all on DVD. This is the perfect method for preserving your family heirlooms for a lifetime and can also be presented at your wedding, birthday party, anniversary celebration, graduations, etc. Join the age of digital photo albums and slide shows. Your photographs and video are arranged to tell the story of that special occasion and will have you and your guests smiling, laughing and maybe even crying.
Our unique process allows us to use your photos along with a musical soundtrack and add 3D animations, flying text animations, your own video, and much more to create a customized video production that resembles that of a professional Hollywood style production. Your presentation will be the talk of any occasion. Much better than typical photo albums. Perfect for wedding albums.


text:
Nice work. The extraction is good and the soft colours in the background are great. :)
1024x768 Wallpaper
Artist Comment
hiiii o/ it's my second wall posted here in minitokyo (or mybe it's the third, i dunno XD). well, as you can see, this one features Asuka-chan, one of my favorite characters in EVA. the bg was not so hard to make, but, as the wall is a little old, i dont remember how i did it, sorry XD so... i hope you enjoy it ^^
More Neon Genesis Evangelion Wallpapers
Browse Neon Genesis Evangelion Gallery: Recent | Popular.
Zoamel Nov 22, 2005
somorc Dec 07, 2005
Very nice...Great job.Asuka is beautiful...
ROSEANA Dec 09, 2005
it's lovely wall.............I like bg.....
thank you^o^
chardylovesme Apr 26, 2009
nice work! XD
network19 Mar 22, 2010
Thank you very much for the upload.
kenshido1994 Jun 26, 2010
great scan , thanks for uploading .
page 1 of 1 6 total items
Only members can post comments, please register.


text:
Legal Question in Wills and Trusts in Pennsylvania
I reside in Pennsylvania. My grandfather passed away a few years ago. My sister is an attorney and one of three executors of the estate. The other two are my mother and my uncle. They say that there is only a handwritten will. I am one of five mentioned in the will. They have also been procrastinating for years with it. I'm considering getting an attorney, but I have been told y friends that the handwritten will might not mean anything legally and might be a waste of time. Is there anyway to find out if there is another will, one that may have been filed? Is the handwritten will worth anything?
1 Answer from Attorneys
Aristotle Onassis had left behind a handwritten will. As I recall it was worth a lot, What sort f attorney is your sister? Who are the beneficiaries? It would be a good idea to talk to an attorney.


text:
What Does a PVC Heart Beat Feel LIke
A lot of people experience PVC heart beats and then get very stressed out because they want to know exactly what they are feeling. These ectopic beats can feel very strange to some people, while others don't feel them at all.
We'll look at a typical EKG strips of a PVC heart beat and explain what is going on when you experience a PVC heart beat.
Normal Heart Beat
Here is a picture of a normal heart beat without any PVC's occurring. You can see even spacing between the beats and a consistent rhythm.
PVC Heart Beat
Here is a picture of what a PVC looks like during a heart beat.
You can see that the PVC beat is very different from a normal beat. It comes a little bit early, doesn't look at all the same, and is followed by a long compensatory pause.
Animated PVC Heart Beat
Here's an animation of a PVC heart beat vs a normal heart beat that helps show the difference.
Something that is worth noting is that the normal heart beats are the same difference apart when you have a PVC heart beat. The PVC isn't a skipped or missed beat. It sure feels like one, though.
What Does A PVC Heart Beat Feel Like
Looking at the image above let's talk about what it feels like when you experience a PVC heart beat.
Usually you are not aware of your heart beat. Some times you can feel it if you've been working out or if you are laying down, but most of the time you are not aware of it. When a PVC happens the first thing you feel is a little bump or thumb that is out of place. That's the large weird looking wave on the picture above and is your lower heart, or ventricals, contracting early.
After the out of place ventrical contraction there is a longer than normal "compensatory pause", which is the slightly longer line after the PVC. This feels like your heart has stopped or like a missed beat. For many people it has a sense of dread to it which makes them think, "Heart attack!" It's not a heart attack, but it sure feels like it should be.
After the compensatory beat your heart goes back to it's normal rhythm. However, since the PVC beat wasn't very efficient the first beat of the normal rhythm is normally slightly harder or stronger than most of your heart beats. This can feel pretty strong for some people. If you have a lot of PVCs in a row this make up beat can start to hurt a little.


text:
Archive for the 'Results' Category
South Eastern Railway Act Apprentice Provisional List 2019
South Eastern Railway Result 2019: South Eastern Railway has released List for Act Apprentice Provisional List 2019. Below are the latest results published by South Eastern Railway – South Eastern Railway (SER) / ser.indianrailways.gov.in. The recent result announced by the organization is Act Apprentice Provisional List 2019.
South Eastern Railway (SER) has announced the Result on 03 Apr 2019 for the exam. Candidates can check the results using the following link, All Shortlisted candidates name are available here. Candidates keep visiting on our website for the latest results updates of South Eastern Railway Act Apprentice Provisional List and Result.
Important Link
ONGC Various Trade Apprentice Post Result 2019
ONGC Various Trade Apprentice Post Result 2019: Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) has declared results for 4014 Apprentices Posts in ONGC, Across India Online Applications are invited by Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) from 14 Mar 2019 to 28 Mar 2019 till 05:00 PM for 4,014 vacancies. Candidates can check their results from below link. All Work Cente wise combine results are declared here. Candidates can check the required results of the respective district using the following link, All Shortlisted candidates name are available here. Candidates keep visiting on our website for the latest results updates of ONGC Examination 2019.
Works centre wise ( Mumbai,Hazira,Ankleshwar,Chennai,Agartala, Kolkata will be published shortly) Check your individual email for further instruction
MPSC Sub – Inspector Group C Main Exam 2017 – Result
MPSC has published the result of sub inspector group C main examinations 2017. Candidates can check their result from following link. This link will give the list of the marks obtain before candidates name.
Get Result Here
MPSC Forest Service Main Examination 2017 – Results
MPSC conduct main examinations on basis of marks obtain by the applicants in preliminary examinations for Forest Services. Result of this examinations is now published officially on 28th December 2017. Following is the official link to check the result of these examinations. It will shows the list of roll no. who eligible for final selection process personal interview. Check your result from below link:-
MPSC Maharashtra Engineering Services Pre Exam 2017 – Results
Maharashtra Public Service Commission (MPSC) published roll numbers of qualified candidates for Maharashtra Engineering Services (Civil) Pre Exam 2017. Candidates can get details from following link.
MPSC Sub-Inspector Main Examination 2017- Answer Keys
MPSC Sub-Inspector in the State Excise Department Main Examination 2017 for Paper -1 & Paper 2 results have declare. All sets answers along with their choice code for Paper 1 & Paper 2 are given below.
Official Website
MPSC Sales Department Preliminary Examination 2017 – Answer Keys
MPSC Sales department Tax Assistant Preliminary exam results are published here. For all sets of question papers option codes are given below.
MPSC Maharashtra Education Services Competitive Examination 2017 – Answer Key
MPSC Maharashtra Education Services Group B [Administrative Branch] Limited Departmental Competitive Examination 2017 answers are released here. Candidates can check their results from following link for Paper 1 & Paper 2.
MPSC ASO, STI & PSI Pre Examinations Results 2017
MPSC Assistant Section Officer, Sales Tax Inspector, Police Sub Inspector Common Preliminary Examination 2017 results are published here. Candidates can check their results as per the districts.
Maharashtra Agriculture Service Preliminary Examination 2017 – Answer Key
MPSC Agriculture Service Preliminary Exam answer keys are released here. Candidates can check their correct answers for all of the set papers from following link.


text:
When the United States entered WWII in 1941, the United Kingdom was running short on prison space and asked the US for help in housing German POWs. The US agreed and when Liberty Ships transported US soldiers overseas, the relatively empty ships brought back as many as 30,000 Axis POWs per month to America. From 1942-1945, more than 400,000 POWs, mostly German, were housed in some 500 POW camps located in this country. When the war ended in 1945, the US began transporting the prisoners back to their home countries and by 1946 they had all been repatriated.
German POWs found conditions in the United States somewhat surprising. Other POWs, such as Americans captured by Japanese or German forces; or Germans captured by Russian forces, fared much worse and endured horrific conditions. The United States, however, tried to adhere to the terms of the Geneva Convention, which meant that POWs were treated with compassion and allowed to live in safe conditions. When required to work, prisoners were compensated for their labor. With that compensation, they could buy items from the canteen such as cigarettes, soda, or ice-cream. Prisoners were shocked to see many items available for purchase that were unavailable back home because of shortages and rationing.
While imprisoned in America, German prisoners filled a critical labor shortage created by the war. They worked on farms, in the fields, at factories, and even worked constructing roads and barracks in the POW camps where they resided.
Fritz Ensslin served as a tank gunner in an armored regiment of the German Army. After being captured, he was sent to Fort Leonard Wood, a POW camp in Missouri, in 1943. He described the 30-day voyage to America, "On a daily basis during the trip we were followed and attacked by German submarines. We arrived at Fort Leonard Wood at midnight after a two-day trip in well-secured rail cars." Like many, Ensslin was afraid of the treatment he might receive as a POW. He was pleasantly surprised to find barracks that contained a bed, mattress, blankets and a pillow for each prisoner. "We had the feeling of being in a Hilton Hotel. For years we had been sleeping either inside or on top of our tanks," he said. The men were given food described as a "dream meal" and joked with one another that if they had known they would be treated this way, "we would have sneaked across earlier instead of fighting until we ran out of ammunition." Prisoners also received medical care when needed, and in the event of death, were given respectful funerals and burials.
In some instances, German POWs attempted to escape, but most were apprehended. One exception was Georg Gaertner. Gaertner escaped from a prison camp at Camp Deming, New Mexico in 1945. While imprisoned, he learned the war had ended, and he would be sent back to a hometown that was then under Russian occupation. He came up with a plan to escape by hopping a freight train. He changed his name, worked odd jobs in several states, and eventually married a woman who was unaware of his past. In 1985, he revealed the secret to his wife and with her encouragement surrendered to the Immigration and Naturalization Service. In 2009, Gaertner was granted US citizenship. He passed away in 2013.
If you would like to learn more about POWs on American soil, Allied POWs held in Europe and Asia, or search additional WWII records, visit Fold3 today!


text:
Quirky Weddings
at Warwick House
Quirky weddings are a little different to all of the other styles of wedding that we offer at Warwick House. That's because the majority of our types of wedding are self explanatory -if you book an outdoor wedding, you'll be holding your celebrations outside, or your Autumn wedding will be held in the twilight months of the year. But, when it comes to quirky weddings, that self-explanatory aspect doesn't really fit the bill.
That's because a quirky wedding at our venue is a completely bespoke celebration, and no two are the same. Your day will be planned around all of yours and your partner's quirks – no matter how big or small they might be. Our main focus is just to celebrate your individuality by reflecting it in the elements of your celebrations.
Quirky weddings could also refer to a day that's just a little different than a traditional wedding day. This could be things like a wedding cake made of cheese, or a chocolate fountain with a variety of sweet treats to dip during the reception. Some couples even choose to hold their wedding over a two-day period.
When it comes to food, why not break from tradition and serve something different for your wedding breakfast? We've found that barbecues are popular in the summer months, with a hog roast being the most popular at quirky weddings during autumn.
Due to the exclusive use nature of Warwick House, you'll also be given the choice of all of our reception rooms when you book a quirky wedding with us. We're able to cater for large and small weddings, and have a reception room to suit all needs. If you want to keep with the quirky theme, you could even hold your ceremony in our gazebo and reception outdoors on our beautiful terrace. The capacities for all of our reception rooms are as follows:
> Warwick Room – up to 60 guests
> Regency Room – up to 60 guests
> Banqueting Hall – up to 200 guests
> Gazebo – up to 200 guests
If you'd like to celebrate your individuality with a quirky wedding at Warwick House then get in touch with us using our contact form. If you'd like more information on the venue and what we can offer before speaking to us, then please download a brochure using the form at the bottom of this page.
Find Out More
Completely Bespoke Packages
Dedicated Wedding Planner


text:
Quadruple Room
Size of the room30 m2
Individual SafeYes
Complimentary amenitiesYes
82 cm flat screen HD TVYes
Air-conditioning Yes
re you travelling as a family? We designed our quadruple room just for you. Particularly spacious, this room offers a cosy ambience and the charm of exposed beams.
It has an office area and a separate sitting room with a sofa bed for two persons. The quadruple room is extended by a magnificent marble bathroom, also with exposed beams, and fitted with a corner bathtub.


text:
Cleo's Afterparty
Sire: Magic Albert
Dam: Cleopatra's Party
Colour: Chestnut
Gender: Gelding
Age: 5 year old
Foaled: Sep 12th, 2014
Country: Australia
Mr S J Wolfe, Mr J J Gillis, Let The Good Times Roll, Mr S Sparta, Mr B Harris
Career Record: 30-3-3-3
Wins10.0 %
Place20.0 %
|Chestnut gelding
|Foaled in 2014
MAGIC ALBERT (AUS) (Chestnut 1998-Stud 2002). 7 wins-4 at 2, STC Peter Pan S., Gr.2. Sire of 745 rnrs, 510 wnrs, 22 SW, inc. Albert the Fat (BRC BTC Cup, Gr.1), Ilovethiscity, Magic Cape, Fighting Warrior, Master Harry, Something Anything, Suyoof, Marchinski - Vital Flyer (H.K.), Za Magic, Alberto Magic, Orbity, Isopach, Straight Albert, Al be Nimble, Magic Boy, Tweet, Bundle of Joy, Aldini, Ron's Call, Tai Tai Tess, Plain Magic, Alberto, etc.
1st dam
CLEOPATRA'S PARTY, by Golden Snake. Placed at 2 in Aust. Sister to Paloma Bella, half-sister to TROUBADOUR. Dam of one foal.
2nd dam
TON OF FUN, by Rory's Jester. 6 wins from 1400m to 1750m in Aust. Half-sister to O'HARA. Dam of 6 named foals, all raced, 4 winners, inc:-
TROUBADOUR (Roi Danzig). 8 wins-2 at 2-from 1400m to 2200m, A$289,900, Geelong RC Derby Trial S., L, VATC Street Cafe 2YO H., Kyneton Cup, Traralgon Cup, VATC Paisley H., End of Season 2YO H., 2d VRC Rowland Gardner 2YO H., Benalla Gold Cup, 3d SAJC Sires' Produce S., Gr.3, VRC Ascot Enclosure H., VATC Vitalic H., 4th Tasmanian Derby, Gr.3.
Paloma Bella (Golden Snake). Winner at 1600m, 3d Geelong Classic, L. Dam of-
Turfane (Turffontein). 4 wins to 1400m, A$184,045, to 2016-17, 2d MVRC Aquanas Foods 2YO H., Warrnambool RC Silvan Ridge Futurity H., 3d MVRC Mitchell McKenzie S., L, Slickpix 2YO H., MRC (Mornington) The Cove Hotel H., 4th MVRC Abell S., L.
Devilish. 2 wins at 1600m, 1800m in Aust.
Sir Jest. Winner at 1300m in Aust.
3rd dam
GIRLISH, by Kashmir. Winner at 1800m in France. Dam of 7 named foals, 6 to race, 3 winners, inc:-
O'HARA (Redmead). 8 wins from 1400m to 2400m, A$199,445, STC Stayers' Cup, L, Premier's Cup, L, ACT RC Canberra Cup, L, 2d STC NE Manion Cup, Gr.3, AJC Diamond Products H., Railway Hotel Super Tab H., Winter Quality P. H., STC Japan Racing Association Welter H., 3d STC Premier's Cup, L, AJC Ambrosia Seafood Restaurant H.
4th dam
GOLDEN GIRL, by Supreme Court. 4 wins from 1800m to 2400m, Longchamp Prix Vermeille, Gr.1, Le Tremblay Prix Chloe, Gr.3, 2d Prix du Moulin de Longchamp, Gr.1, Longchamp Prix Saint-Alary, Gr.1. Half-sister to GRIC, TAMOURE (dam of TEXAN DANCER). Dam of 6 foals, 5 to race, 4 winners, inc:-
Relko's Girl. 2 wins-1 at 2-at 1600m, 2400m, Evry Prix de Roxieres. Producer.
Golden Spring. Winner at 1600m, Saint-Cloud Prix Commanderie.
Goldena. 4 wins at 2000m, 2200m in France. Dam of-
Soccia. Placed in GB. Dam of-
INDICTMENT (Razeen). 9 wins in India, McDowell Indian Derby, L, Indian St Leger, L, Classic Poona Derby, L, Indian Two Thousand Guineas, L, Bombay Ramniwas Ramnarain Ruia Gold Cup, L, Poona Eve Champion Trophy, L, 3d Poona Idar Gold Trophy, L. Sire.
CORDON ROUGE (Common Land). 5 wins in India, Mysore One Thousand Guineas, L, Hyderabad Golconda One Thousand Guineas, L, Madras South India Oaks, L, 3d Indian Oaks, L, Indian One Thousand Guineas, L, Bangalore UB Export Fillies Trial S., L. Producer.
Veena's Pet. 3 wins in India. Dam of-
CLINTON (Razeen). 8 wins from 1400m to 2400m in India, Mumbai Maharaja Jiwajirao Scindia Trophy, L, 2d Pune Southern Command Gold Trophy, L, 4th Pune RWITC Ltd Gold Cup, L.
ROMANTIC LIAISON (Razeen). 7 wins from 1200m to 2400m in India, Calcutta One Thousand Guineas, L, Mumbai Indian Oaks, L, 2d Mumbai Indian One Thousand Guineas, L, 3d Kolkata Indian Produce S., L, Mumbai Gool S Poonawalla Million, L, 4th Mumbai Indian Derby, L. Producer.
Splash of Colours. Placed in India. Dam of-
Colourpresentation. Placed in India. Dam of-
OROCHI (China Visit). 5 wins from 1400m to 2200m in India, Hyderabad Nizams Gold Cup, L, 2d Hyderabad Golconda Derby, L, 3d Hyderabad Deccan Derby, L, Golconda St Leger, L, 4th Hyderabad Stayers' Cup, L.
FLAREON (Razeen). 2 wins at 2400m in India, Mumbai CN Wadia Gold Cup, L, 2d Pune Derby, L, 3d Bangalore Governor's Cup, L, Mumbai CN Wadia Gold Cup, L.
Amadora. Unraced. Dam of-
Cover Story. 5 wins in India. Dam of-
Exotic Fantasy. 4 wins from 1200m to 1600m in India. Dam of-
APPARITION (Burden of Proof). 3 wins from 1100m to 1600m in India, Hyderabad Golconda One Thousand Guineas, L, 2d Hyderabad Golconda Oaks, L.
Race Record:


text:
Sylvia is one of the franchise owners of Harrisons Curtains & Blinds in Wellington.
Sylvia has hundreds of fabric samples for your new window furnishings in the van and can meet with you at your home, measure up, help decide what works for them, and then colour match with their carpet and paint choices.
Get in touch with us today to book your free in-home consultation with Sylvia.
Donna Abbott, Lower Hutt. July 2018
Terms and conditions:


text:
Elissa Brent Weissman is the author of The Short Seller, Nerd Camp, Nerd Camp 2.0, Standing for Socks, The Trouble with Mark Hopper, and the editor of Our Story Begins. She lives in Baltimore, Maryland. Visit her at EBWeissman.com.
Get our latest book recommendations, author news, and competitions right to your inbox.
By clicking 'Sign me up' I acknowledge that I have read and agree to the privacy policy and terms of use, and the transfer of my personal data to the United States, where the privacy laws may be different than those in my country of residence.
Tell us what you like and we'll recommend books you'll love.


text:
Month: September 2016
Category : Finance Service
To be able to foster the standing of a web site on the result pages of top search engines, it's wise to Buy backlinks. A site's functionality is determined by its positioning on these pages. A first page appearance can be achieved when one chooses to purchase edu backlinks which are strong enough to get a website to the top places on a results page. Edu backlinks refer to backlinks to websites which might be derived from eu domain names. The enlightened world of Search Engine Optimization specialists has verified that backlinks from edu websites rank higher as important sites. Webmasters seek to browse the competitive world of the web by utilizing precious edu backlinks that enhance page rankings on a large scale. Everyone needs to reach the top places and it isn't simple to get there without powerful Search Engine Optimization strategies. Being put on the first pages is simpler when one decides to purchase edu backlinks that have the power to keep your website on top.
Building backlinks is tremendously advantageous because of variety of motives. Edu backlinks are incredibly strong as compared to the other backlinks which are accessible. The varieties of page ranking are based on the amount and quality of edu backlinks that the website is lucky enough to have. It makes more sense to purchase edu backlinks that come from reputable and highly stratified websites which are important and credible. Each and every backlink should be full of quality to ensure it counts and serves the function it continues to be purchased for. Individuals pick to purchase edu backlinks because it makes it possible to get access to quality backlinks quickly and easily.
By building backlinks which are regarded as being trustworthy and credible, websites can experience improved status in addition to increased position of search engines. Edu backlinks are valued by search engines more than other domain name links. Building backlinks from edu domain names is arguably the greatest means to foster page rank. Edu backlinks have an important effect on website ranks when it comes to search engines.


text:
The biggest April Fool's Day prank of the year might be that several days in March are standing in for April 1.
Tech companies and brands looking for a captive internet audience ahead of the weekend and the real Sunday holiday (Easter, anyone?) are dropping their phony pitches early this year. From smart sneakerphones to beer that will teach you a foreign language, it's a familiar drill for springtime online.
Keep an eye on this post throughout the weekend — and be careful where you click. For once, "fake news" is actually a real thing.
REI: ZipAll adventure jumpsuit
Everyone has a nerdy Northwest friend who owns a pair of those zip-off Sahara Pants that can turn from long pants to shorts in seconds. Now REI, the Seattle-based outdoor gear co-op, is adding a few more zippers — more than 30 in fact — to create the ZipAll, an adventure jumpsuit that takes super-breathable to the next level. REI promises the ZipAll can morph into 1,001 unique wearing modes including sleeveless, crop top, romper, short shorts and more. It might be the last piece of gear you ever need. Especially if you want to head outdoors with anyone other than yourself.
Redbox: Walk-up movie theaters
We're already accustomed to watching feature films on the small screen, why bother even taking that experience home? Redbox, providers of DVD and video game rental kiosks, hopes this April 1 you and your family and friends will park it right on the sidewalk at your local convenience or grocery store to watch a movie. Walk-up theaters encourage film fans to grab their popcorn — and maybe fresh produce — inside and then head outside for the flick. "Show up early to grab the best seat on the sidewalk."
Sound Transit: Triple-decker bus
R & D team is making good progress on our triple-decker bus prototype to meet booming ridership demands while the light rail system is built out. pic.twitter.com/n4HNZYD32F
— Sound Transit – 🚆 🚈 🚍 (@SoundTransit) April 1, 2018
Move over, HOVers. Sound Transit tweeted this multi-occupant vehicle of the future on Sunday. Seattle-area residents who are waiting on light rail to get up to speed can hopefully pile into a triple-decker bus. Potential downside? No way that thing is gonna fit in the new SR 99 tunnel.
Catune: Cat selfie app
Let's face it. Cats and cat pictures and cat videos are the only reason we even have an internet. So cat selfies shouldn't just be recklessly shared without some consideration for how good they look. Facetune 2, the photo retouching app, has turned its attention away from you and toward your cat with the new Catune app. "We get it. There's bad fur days and grumpy mood swings," the company says. In the end, what's the harm? The internet just gained another cat video. You're welcome.
Sam's Club: bulkcoin cryptocurrency
If you're gonna shop in bulk you might as well pay in bulk. Sam's Club, the no-frills bulk-items warehouse retailer, is shoving bitcoin aside on the way to the value pickle aisle in favor of bulkcoin, a revolutionary new payment method. "The bitcoins and litecoins and teenytiny coins weren't cutting it for our value-seeking members," Sam's Club CEO John Furner said. A 2,400-pack of bulkcoin is just $19.98!
T-Mobile Sidekicks: World's first smartshoephone
This has John Legere written all over it. Magenta's biggest fan no doubt looked to his own closet for inspiration this year and set the T-Mobile team to work on a revolutionary new Smartshoephone. Just like the iconic phone they're named for, Sidekicks are sure to be a cult classic. The sneakers feature a slide-out screen, sole speakers, retractable laces that double as charging cords, and a built-in, no-b.s. voice assistant powered by Legere himself that offers everything from traffic reports to the best slow cooker recipes. "The Un-carrier will always be a step ahead (see what I did there?) in the fight to give customers more," Legere said. "Plus, T-Mobile Sidekicks just look dope AF. So. Much. Magenta!" Check out Legere making his pitch here. And order a pair (without all the tech).
Brewolingo: Beer for learning a language
The folks at Duolingo, the language-learning platform, have brewed up something special for April Fool's, with a line of craft beers that will actually make you speak fluently rather than slurring. Brewolingo argues that getting tipsy is a great way to learn a language and its special blend of wheat, hops, water and secret Owlgorithms are the only fluid you'll need for language fluency. The smart-looking Duolingo owl figures heavily in the branding for the lineup of four beers: Spring Season-Owl, India Pale Owl, Mad Amber Owl and Night Owl Stout.
FreshDirect: Rabbit-foraged herbs
Incorporating cute bunnies into the pitch takes care of anyone complaining that we've taken the Easter out of April Fool's. FreshDirect, an online grocery and delivery service in the New York City area, is turning to rabbits to help turn up the very best in wild herbs. Man-bunnied gentleman farmer Ned Hopper says his flock is tough to keep track of because … "they breed like rabbits."
Man Crates: Porch piracy protection
Nothing's worse than when your "awesome gifts for men" are stolen right off the front porch by less awesome men. Man Crates is upping its customer service game with a layer of protection to ensure that package theft is stopped dead in its tracks, whether it's by an angry baboon, a creepy clown or a guy playing acoustic guitar is up to the customer. Select from a variety of protection offerings in the menu, and come home happy. Creeped out, but happy.
BulletProof: Grass-fed Butter Balm
Dave Asprey wants his brain-boosting butter coffee to pass by smooth lips on its way into his system. In response to an Instagram comment about his chapped lips, the BulletProof founder set out to create a lip treatment designed to deliver unparalleled moisture, a long-lasting boost of energy, and increased mitochondrial function with just one application. His DIY video will leave you hungry for something … maybe toast? "These are the kind of lips that are gonna live to at least 180 years old," Asprey said.
Check back with GeekWire for updates as the April Fool's gift just keeps on giving.


text:
**attached contains the following: *
June 3, 2015
For Immediate Release
Contact: Aimee Edwards
mobile: (801) 755-3085
Governor to sign water conservation executive order
What: Gov. Herbert will sign an executive order mandating water
conservation for state agencies and state-owned and managed facilities. The
governor hopes the executive order will set an example, and Utahns will
also adopt long-term water conservation practices. The signing will take
place following an internal briefing with the Governor's Water Strategy
Advisory Team discussing Utah's current water situation, a short-term
action plan by local water districts in response to the drought and an
update on the state's 50-year water strategy.
Who: Gov. Gary R. Herbert
Alan Matheson, environmental advisor to Gov. Herbert
Eric Millis, director, Division of Water Resources
When: Wed., June 3, 2015 at 4:50 p.m.
Where: Governor's Formal Office, Utah State Capitol
350 North State Street, Salt Lake City, UT, 84103
# # #
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups
"GV Mass" group.
To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an
email to email@example.com.
For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/a/utah.gov/d/optout.


text:
- Total activity 3
- Last activity
- Member since
- Following 0 users
- Followed by 0 users
- Votes 0
- Subscriptions 1
Roland created a post,Answered
how to inject code-block at line 1 in every .php insite of a projektHi there, first of all, I am more new than well known as a programmer. Ther is a phpstorm project, more or less a wordpress document-root. I want to set something like this, into every .php file ...


text:
Lucky Seascape
Get lucky with color in the Seascape frame by Lucky Brand. This vibrant style is constructed from textured acetate and features a stamped Lucky Brand logo on the temples. The iconic clover logo is also displayed on the temple tips.
- Spring hinges
- Branded case and cleaning cloth included
- Age Range: Adult
- Frame Material: Plastic
- Frame Shape: Rectangle
- Frame Type: Full Frame
- Brand: Lucky
- Frame Weight: Light


text:
Hatcher Library Gallery in Room 100
913 S. University Avenue
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1190
Gallery Events
Check the Library Events page for a list of upcoming events and exhibits!
The Audubon Room, located within the Library Gallery, almost always has an exhibit on display.
Library Gallery Mission
The Gallery is meant to be a gathering place for the enrichment of the intellectual, educational and cultural life of the University of Michigan campus and the larger community. The Library aspires to:
- showcase and interpret the Library's rich collections, promote their scholarly use, and use collections to facilitate scholarship and storytelling;
- support the Library's role as an intellectual center of the University;
- foster relationships between the Library and University of Michigan faculty, students, alumni, staff, and the state and local community.
Programs in the Library Gallery present the opportunity to generate discussion and a spirit of cooperative exploration. The Library Gallery aspires to be a lively place reflecting the dynamic nature of the University of Michigan's research and teaching activities.
All events in the Hatcher Library Gallery are open to the public. U-M Library does not provide rentable space for other U-M department staff meetings or initiatives by private businesses.
Contact Information


text:
My Love for S'mores Cakes
Feel free to email me at [email protected] if you have any questions or fill out the form below!
Yield 1 3-layer, 8-inch cake
Ultimate S'mores Cake.
Layers of graham cracker crust, chocolate cake, chocolate ganache, toasted marshmallow filling, chocolate frosting and marshmallow fluff truly make this the ultimate s'mores cake!
For the Graham Cracker Crust
For the Chocolate Cake
For the Toasted Marshmallow Filling (recipe source: Sweetapolita, Campfire Delight Cake)
For the Chocolate Ganache
For the Chocolate Frosting
For the Marshmallow Fluff (recipe source: HeatherChristo.com)
For the Graham Cracker Crust
For the Chocolate Cake
For the Toasted Marshmallow Filling
For the Chocolate Ganache
For the Marshmallow Fluff
For the Chocolate Frosting
Hey courtney,
Just was wondering how many cakes does the mixture make.
Hi Courtney! Just curious. If I make this cake today, but plan to eat it tomorrow, will it still taste fresh? And should I leave at room temperature? I'm not a big fan of cakes that are cold so I didn't know if I could leave it out or not. Thanks and keep caking!!!
Hi Courtney, this cake looks fabulous! Would I be able to substitute a Swiss meringue buttercream or would it not hold up as well? And any hacks to warm the marshmallow topping without a kitchen torch? Thanks!!
I noticed you only used one cake acrylic disc when you frosted this cake. Is there a reason? I find that when I use my discs the part I hate the most is taking it off the bottom board. It's just so much easier when the cake is already on the drum! Does using one disc make a difference? Also I noticed you weren't using parchment under your top disc? It's not hard to get the top disc off without out?!? Thanks for everything! You're an inspiration!
Hello! I have a couple of questions. I am fairly new to your site/instagram, so I don't know if these things are questions you have been asked before. 1) You have two methods for making the chocolate frosting in the instructions. Is there one you prefer?? 2) I have 3 9″ cake pans and 3 7″ pans. I notice that most of your recipes are for 8″ pans. Do you recommend using 9″ pans and reducing cook time or using 7″ and reducing the amount used or increasing cook time? Thanks!!!
hi, this looks amazing.
for the end, you don't specify when/how to get the chocolate drips – is that leftover ganache?
also, you said you had tried a bunch of recipes. did you try the banana smores sweetapolita one? wondering if you loved that one too??
I absolutely love your cakes! I am making the smore cake and wanted to find out if the toasted marshmallow filling can be made ahead of time and if it should be stored in the fridge and brought to room temperature for use?
I know you freeze your cakes and the separate elements regularly, but I'm specifically concerned about the freezing and thawing of the cake layers causing the precious graham cracker crust to get soggy. Any thoughts? I want to bake the cake layers, freeze them in your double plastic wrap/foil method and then assemble at a later date. Will I ruin the crunchy crust? 😐
Hey Courtney,
I am making this cake right now and I have used all of my ganache in between the layers. Do you make more ganache to do the chocolate drizzle?
Hi Courtney! What size cake boards did you use for the cake assembly? What size disk is your cake safe acrylic disk?
First off, this looks fantastic! But with so many things (marshmallow fluff and so much chocolate), does the cake end up being sickly sweet?
I made your Chocolate Cherry Pie Cake last week for my sister's birthday and it was, no exaggeration, the best cake I have ever tasted. And beautiful! So I am making this one this weekend for my son's birthday. Can't wait to try it! Thanks for the recipes!
Doing the chocolate drip isn't in the instructions – do you use the chocolate ganache for this, too?
Made this cake a few weeks ago. Halved the recipe and made a 3 layer 6in cake. The halved recipe is perfect for the size. It was fantastic. Many compliments from coworkers. My only "issue" is that it's too chocolate-laden for my personal taste. I did forget the marshmallow fluff on top, which I know would have helped balance everything. The toasted marshmallow filling is LIFE. Will absolutely make again, just maybe without some of the chocolate for myself.
This seems silly, do you sift the flour before measuring or after? I had read years ago to always sift first but there seems to be some recipes now that don't sift the flour.
Does this cake have to be kept refrigerated
Would this be good with vanilla frosting on the outside? Want to decorate it for the 4th (red/white)
Hi Courtney, this cake looks unbelievable and I can't wait to try it! How could I adapt this recipe for 6" pans? Would half the recipe be enough for 3 6" layers? Or would the recipe as written give me 4 6" layers? How high do you fill your cake pans? Would the bake time change? And is the bake temp of 360 correct? Sorry for all the questions but I don't want to mess up what I'm sure is an amazing cake!
Sorry but one more question. I want to decorate this cake for a Christmas party and need the frosting to be white. What flavor frosting (besides chocolate)would compliment the cake and filling flavors without making it all taste too sweet? Vanilla American buttercream? Marshmallow buttercream? Vanilla Swiss Meringue?
This cake is by far the best cake I have made and I have been baking for years. Brought it to a family Xmas party and said it was the best cake they have ever had and there were a lot of family to please. So thank you!!!
I was wondering what kind of cocoa powder you use-dutch processed or just unsweetened? Since the recipe calls for baking soda I was thinking dutch, but you hadn't specifically mentioned it so maybe it's the other?
Courtney, I'm new to your site and am so excited to start trying your reipes. (I just had a wedding cake made from a combination of your recipes – simply divine!) Part of what makes them so beautiful is the presentation. Where do I find acrylic cake discs? Thanks for the help!
Hi Courtney, I plan on making this cake for my son's birthday next week but I don't need such a large cake. Any suggestions as to how I could modify the recipe to make a 3 layer 6″ cake? Would halving the ingredients work? Thank you for your wonderful recipes and tutorials. Wish I lived closer so I could take one of your classes!


text:
Let's eat! A commonly heard phrase, especially among travelers. Certainly a big part of travelling, especially in foreign lands, is sampling the cuisine while soaking up the culture and maybe a glass of the best local wine.
But what and where?
There is certainly no lack of eating establishments in Bratislava and to the hungry and often overwhelmed traveler, finding that "memorable meal" can be a challenge, especially if you don't speak the local language. But the rewards of choosing correctly, especially in a sophisticated "foodie" city like Bratislava, can be really rewarding.
Bratislava's cuisine is difficult to define in one word. This cosmopolitan European capital has been forged from the Hungarian, Austrian, German and Slovak cultures that have, at one time or another, dominated the city. Maybe a little history lesson will help to explain it further.
During the communist era, cultural variations in food took second place to filling hungry bellies. Would-be chefs were given the same recipe book with a standard list of easily-available ingredients and standard food preparation guidelines. Variety was not to be found in the food.
Today, you can still find reminders of this area. With lunch being the main meal of the day, hearty "Daily Menu" meals (denné menu) consisting of a hot soup and a main meal are offered during lunchtime by most restaurants. A "Daily Menu" is used by luxury restaurants to attract diners too, so this might be your chance to fill your belly at bargain price.
With the end of communism and opportunities to travel, the Slovaks put pressure on Bratislava restaurants to go above and beyond what has been "good enough".
So, what's available? References to "Pressburg cuisine" generally indicate the spicy Hungarian stews, goulashes, roasted pork, poultry, and fish. Austrian eateries feature deep fried meats – schnitzel – and amazing deserts. Germans influenced our roast – fancy wild boar and deer, sausages, goose or duck? Slovak traditional food consists of mainly different types of roast and grilled meat, grilled fish, fried cheese including the iconic sheep cheese and fresh vegetables.
Roast goose accompanied by lokše is considered a signature dish here. It's accompanied by a potato pancake and red or white stewed cabbage and the meal is eaten mainly in autumn. You must not forget 'Bryndzové halušky', potato dumplings meal with sheep cheese and crispy streaky bacon, which can be found at almost every Bratislava restaurant. Actually potato, cabbage, and sheep or cow cheese are ingredients found in many traditional Slovak meals like 'zemiakové placky' (potato fried pancakes) or 'kapustové halušky' (potato dumplings with cabbage).
Current Bratislava cuisine distinguishes one dining experience from another with references to quality. While many restaurants still seem to adhere to the old communist-era cookbook, others have discovered the rewards of using fresh, local ingredients and the power of seasonal cooking. The menus have shrunk from the old eight-page books to elegant three-page binders. Spring menus will typically feature asparagus and other vegetables accompanied by light wine-based sauces; summer menus offer light soups and freshly picked garden vegetables; autumn menus boast chestnuts, squash, and pumpkin flavored dishes and berry-flavored sauces. Winter menus lean towards hearty bean and lentil soups, dark meats and root vegetables.
Along with fresh, local ingredients, there is also a new breed of chefs trained abroad emerging in the city. Five-star hotels are hiring experienced international chefs to propel their hotel restaurants into competition with independent restaurants and these hotels today offer some of the best eating experiences in the city.
Restaurant districts have also sprung up in the shopping centres. The most trendy one is the Eurovea Gallery along the river Danube (where young professionals go to be seen) and in Hviezdoslavovo Square in Old Town. The area around the university along Obchodná Street and nearby SNP square features student pubs, traditional restaurants popular among visiting and local diners and trendy microbrewery pubs featuring craft beers.
Come enjoy the exotic flavors of excellent Indian cuisine close to the city center.
Au Café is a restaurant located on Viedenská cesta street in the Petržalka borough of Bratislava, close to Tyršovo nábrežie (Tyrš's waterfront) and Sad Janka Kráľa (Janko Kráľ's Orchard).
Enter the true Beer Palace! Right in the historical heart of Bratislava, a few steps from Hviezdoslav Square, there is the Beer Palace for you. You will enjoy the best beer, the most delicious food from regional and international cuisine, and lots of fun.
Experience Dolce Vita ambience and prepare for an Italian culinary feast in the Bocca Buona restaurant. Doesn't matter if you prefer pizza, pasta or antipasti. In Italy, a few simple ingredients are combined to intense tasty creations – yummy and fresh! Our unashamedly Italian and simplistic approach is often essential to have great and delicious food!
15% discount with Bratislava Card
Bratislava has 7 icons that every visitor should see and Bratislava Flag Ship restaurant is one of them.
Any list of the most popular "sweet" street food stands in the centre of Bratislava would certainly include Buchtáreň ("Dumpling Palace"). Anyone looking for something sweet should come here. The menu offers honest, homemade steamed dumplings you can sweeten or spice up to make them savoury.
A place where your soul will be delighted on the waves of the most delicate tastes, which combines the touch of bitter beer-brewing alchemy and the dainty appetite of Slovak and Czech gourmandise.
Try street food with style. Visit JUMP STREET in the center of Bratislava, where in addition to quality food you will get something extra – a visual and emotional experience. Enjoy a black burger sprinkled with edible gold under an artificial starry sky wearing black gloves. Discover a place where black is the color of happiness and where the gastronomy blends with fashion.
The pleasant restaurant with the atmosphere of old Pressburg can be found right in the heart of the historic city centre.
Enjoy excellent Slovak dishes with good beer or home-made wine in our restaurant located in the building from the 18th century.
Don't be surprised to queue in a line here since the New York style hotdog mania has just arrived in Bratislava.
Started by a former advertisement industry pro, this underground bar and eatery successfully proves you don't need to be trained in hospitality to cook truly brilliant food.
Some say these guys whip up the best burgers in town. They proudly use natural ingredients: top-notch juicy meat sourced from local farmers, superb chewy buns and secret homemade mayo; all this for a reasonable price.
Enter a world full of passion, flavors and exciting entertainment. The RIO GRANDE RESTAURANT, NIGHT BAR and CAFÉ all offer a special experience. Just go off Hviezdoslavova Námestie to Panská ulica.
SAN MARTEN BAR & RESTAURANT is located in one of Bratislava´s historical buildings in the city center, next to Saint Martin´s Cathedral.
In Selaví, we deliver our guests a great variety of unforgettable moments by serving traditional gastronomy taking advantage of a modern and stylish presentation.
10% discount with Bratislava Card
Combine the tour with a unique dining experience in one of the most visited bars in Bratislava. Enjoy Mediterranean cuisine and internationally awarded Thai cuisine and a wide selection of cocktails and wines with unforgettable panoramic view of the city.
This typical old Slovak pub is a real maze where you can learn a great deal about the history of the Slovak nation.
Slovak people love their soup. There's probably no pub or restaurant that wouldn't be serving hot chicken broth or tomato soup, sometimes even instant or straight from a can!
After their recent move to much larger premises, St. Germain has lost some of its personality, but there's still plenty to love: fabulous burgers with avocado salsa on top, homemade cakes and lemonades, plus decent wine make this charming "café with a French twist" a place brimming with joie de vivre.
A small café chain carrying the name of an important historical figure Ludovít Štúr. Stur single-handedly jumpstarted the city's original coffee shop revolution, and still holds its popularity to this day.
From your first morning coffee and premium quality lunch to a well-deserved dessert and satisfying dinner with a glass of wine at the close of the day – we have many recipes for a joyful life here at Tulip Café & Restaurant.
Strong coffee, wide variety of tasty homemade lemonades, and pretty good food: U Kubistu manages to impress even the pickiest caffeine nerds and foodies amongst us.
A unique observation tower, a bar and a restaurant are located at the very top of the SNP bridge pylon.
Larger (and noisier) sister of the original Gorila named Urban House presents customers with more food options, a lot more comfortable chairs, plus a DJ stand, which makes it a definite addition to a must visit list.
Tucked away at the very end of one of the longest streets in the city centre, Vegan bar is definitely worth the short walk
If you wish to taste the selected specialities from the cuisine of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, look no further. Zylinder is just as traditional as it only goes.


text:
whaler's scrimshaw 18th century Read more
Antique Print of Duchess Dantzic Lyric Theatre Holbrook Blinn Evie Green 1903 An antique page from The Tatler. Size of each page is 13 x 9 inches and the volume this page came from is Volume X. All prints are genuine articles and not modern copies. Note these pages are been sold mainly for the pictures and the accompanying text may not be all there but if you want the missing page we will send it by email.
OLD-PRINT.COM has 252572 antiques for sale.
click here to see them all


text:
Memorial Day weekend, and we have playgrounds,
outdoor markets,
fruit trees in blossom,
and plants in the ground everywhere [dahlias on Fifthe Avenue near L Street].
Rain too, but hardly enough to count. It didn't bother the people participating in a race along the Chester Creek trail,
or the chalk pictures at Valley of the Moon Park,
or the kids playing basketball at Chugach Elementary,
or the street re-paving on I Street.
It probably helped the first mushrooms that I've seen,
and the Jacob's Ladder wildflowers.
Later in the day, we walked through the Captain Cook Hotel, and found that they are celebrating their 50th Anniversary. As the story goes, the ground had not really stopped shaking with aftershocks with Wally Hickel announced that he was going to build a major new hotel at the west end of Fourth Avenue. He broke ground in June of 1964 , and the grand opening was on July 17, 1965. Fun to look at the displays and aerial photos that are in the main hallway along Fifth Avenue now.
with a list of the seven cars and who is in each