text:
Label: CIMETIDINE tablet, film coated
Contains inactivated NDC Code(s)
NDC Code(s): 16590-048-30, 16590-048-60, 16590-048-90
- Packager: STAT RX USA LLC
- This is a repackaged label.
- Source NDC Code(s): 0378-0317
- Category: HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL
- DEA Schedule: None
- Marketing Status: Abbreviated New Drug Application
Drug Label Information
Updated January 28, 2011
If you are a consumer or patient please visit this version.
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Cimetidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Chemically it is N"-cyano-N-methyl-N'-[2-[[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]thio]-ethyl]guanidine. Its structural formula is:
Cimetidine contains an imidazole ring, and is chemically related to histamine.
Cimetidine has a bitter taste and characteristic odor.
Solubility Characteristics
Cimetidine is soluble in alcohol, slightly soluble in water, very slightly soluble in chloroform and insoluble in ether.
Each tablet, for oral administration, contains 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg or 800 mg cimetidine. Inactive ingredients are: croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, hypromellose, lecithin, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polydextrose, polyethylene glycol, povidone, pregelatinized starch, sodium alginate, sodium lauryl sulfate, titanium dioxide, triacetin, vanillin, FD and C Blue #1 aluminum lake, FD and C Yellow #6 aluminum lake and D and C Yellow #10 aluminum lake.
Cimetidine competitively inhibits the action of histamine at the histamine H2 receptors of the parietal cells and thus is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist.
Cimetidine is not an anticholinergic agent. Studies have shown that cimetidine inhibits both daytime and nocturnal basal gastric acid secretion. Cimetidine also inhibits gastric acid secretion stimulated by food, histamine, pentagastrin, caffeine and insulin.
Antisecretory Activity1) Acid SecretionNocturnal
Cimetidine 800 mg orally at bedtime reduces mean hourly H+ activity by greater than 85% over an eight-hour period in duodenal ulcer patients, with no effect on daytime acid secretion. Cimetidine 1600 mg orally h.s. produces 100% inhibition of mean hourly H+ activity over an eight-hour period in duodenal ulcer patients, but also reduces H+ activity by 35% for an additional five hours into the following morning. Cimetidine 400 mg b.i.d. and 300 mg q.i.d. decrease nocturnal acid secretion in a dose-related manner, i.e., 47%–83% over a six- to eight-hour period and 54% over a nine-hour period, respectively.Food Stimulated
During the first hour after a standard experimental meal, oral cimetidine 300 mg inhibited gastric acid secretion in duodenal ulcer patients by at least 50%. During the subsequent two hours cimetidine inhibited gastric acid secretion by at least 75%.
The effect of a 300 mg breakfast dose of cimetidine continued for at least four hours and there was partial suppression of the rise in gastric acid secretion following the luncheon meal in duodenal ulcer patients. This suppression of gastric acid output was enhanced and could be maintained by another 300 mg dose of cimetidine given with lunch.
In another study, cimetidine 300 mg given with the meal increased gastric pH as compared with placebo.24-Hour Mean H+ Activity
Mean Gastric pH
Cimetidine Placebo 1 hour 3.5 2.6 2 hours 3.1 1.6 3 hours 3.8 1.9 4 hours 6.1 2.2
Cimetidine 800 mg h.s., 400 mg b.i.d. and 300 mg q.i.d. all provide a similar, moderate (less than 60%) level of 24-hour acid suppression. However, the 800 mg h.s. regimen exerts its entire effect on nocturnal acid, and does not affect daytime gastric physiology.Chemically Stimulated
Oral cimetidine significantly inhibited gastric acid secretion stimulated by betazole (an isomer of histamine), pentagastrin, caffeine and insulin as follows:
Stimulant Stimulant Dose Cimetidine % Inhibition Betazole 1.5 mg/kg (sc) 300 mg (po) 85% at 2 1/2 hours Pentagastrin 6 mcg/kg/hr (iv) 100 mg/hr (iv) 60% at 1 hour Caffeine 5 mg/kg/hr (iv) 300 mg (po) 100% at 1 hour Insulin 0.03 units/kg/hr (iv) 100 mg/hr (iv) 82% at 1 hour
When food and betazole were used to stimulate secretion, inhibition of hydrogen ion concentration usually ranged from 45% to 75% and the inhibition of volume ranged from 30% to 65%.2) Pepsin
Oral cimetidine 300 mg reduced total pepsin output as a result of the decrease in volume of gastric juice.3) Intrinsic Factor
Intrinsic factor secretion was studied with betazole as a stimulant. Oral cimetidine 300 mg inhibited the rise in intrinsic factor concentration produced by betazole, but some intrinsic factor was secreted at all times.
OtherLower Esophageal Sphincter Pressure and Gastric Emptying
Cimetidine has no effect on lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure or the rate of gastric emptying.
Cimetidine is rapidly absorbed after oral administration and peak levels occur in 45 to 90 minutes. The half-life of cimetidine is approximately 2 hours. Both oral and parenteral (I.V. or I.M.) administration provide comparable periods of therapeutically effective blood levels; blood concentrations remain above that required to provide 80% inhibition of basal gastric acid secretion for 4 to 5 hours following a dose of 300 mg.
The principal route of excretion of cimetidine is the urine. Following parenteral administration, most of the drug is excreted as the parent compound; following oral administration, the drug is more extensively metabolized, the sulfoxide being the major metabolite. Following a single oral dose, 48% of the drug is recovered from the urine after 24 hours as the parent compound. Following IV or IM administration, approximately 75% of the drug is recovered from the urine after 24 hours as the parent compound.
Duodenal Ulcer
Cimetidine has been shown to be effective in the treatment of active duodenal ulcer and, at reduced dosage, in maintenance therapy following healing of active ulcers.Active Duodenal Ulcer
Cimetidine accelerates the rate of duodenal ulcer healing. Healing rates reported in U.S. and foreign controlled trials with oral cimetidine are summarized below, beginning with the regimen providing the lowest nocturnal dose.Duodenal Ulcer Healing Rates with Various Oral Cimetidine Dosage Regimens **Averages from controlled clinical trials.
300 mg 400 mg 800 mg 1600 mg Regimen q.i.d. b.i.d. h.s. h.s.
week 4 68% 73% 80% 86% week 6 80% 80% 89% - week 8 - 92% 94% -
A U.S., double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study demonstrated that all once-daily at bedtime (h.s.) cimetidine regimens were superior to placebo in ulcer healing and that cimetidine 800 mg h.s. healed 75% of patients at four weeks. The healing rate with 800 mg h.s. was significantly superior to 400 mg h.s. (66%) and not significantly different from 1600 mg h.s. (81%).
In the U.S. dose-ranging trial, over 80% of patients receiving cimetidine 800 mg h.s. experienced nocturnal pain relief after one day. Relief from daytime pain was reported in approximately 70% of patients after two days. As with ulcer healing, the 800 mg h.s. dose was superior to 400 mg h.s. and not different from 1600 mg h.s.
In foreign, double-blind studies with cimetidine 800 mg h.s., 79% to 85% of patients were healed at four weeks.
While short-term treatment with cimetidine can result in complete healing of the duodenal ulcer, acute therapy will not prevent ulcer recurrence after cimetidine has been discontinued. Some follow-up studies have reported that the rate of recurrence once therapy was discontinued was slightly higher for patients healed on cimetidine than for patients healed on other forms of therapy; however, the cimetidine-treated patients generally had more severe disease.Maintenance Therapy in Duodenal Ulcer
Treatment with a reduced dose of cimetidine has been proven effective as maintenance therapy following healing of active duodenal ulcers.
In numerous placebo-controlled studies conducted worldwide, the percent of patients with observed ulcers at the end of one year's therapy with cimetidine 400 mg h.s. was significantly lower (10% to 45%) than in patients receiving placebo (44% to 70%). Thus, from 55% to 90% of patients were maintained free of observed ulcers at the end of one year with cimetidine 400 mg h.s.
Factors such as smoking, duration and severity of disease, gender, and genetic traits may contribute to variations in actual percentages.
Trials of other anti-ulcer therapy, whether placebo-controlled, positive-controlled or open, have demonstrated a range of results similar to that seen with cimetidine.
Active Benign Gastric Ulcer
Cimetidine has been shown to be effective in the short-term treatment of active benign gastric ulcer.
In a multicenter, double-blind U.S. study, patients with endoscopically confirmed benign gastric ulcer were treated with cimetidine 300 mg four times a day or with placebo for six weeks. Patients were limited to those with ulcers ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 cm in size. Endoscopically confirmed healing at six weeks was seen in significantly* more cimetidine-treated patients than in patients receiving placebo, as shown below:*p less than 0.05
Cimetidine Placebo week 2 14/63 (22%) 7/63 (11%) total at week 6 43/65 (66%)* 30/67 (45%)
In a similar multicenter U.S. study of the 800 mg h.s. oral regimen, the endoscopically confirmed healing rates were:
*p = 0.005
Cimetidine Placebo total at week 6 63/83 (76%)* 44/80 (55%)
Similarly, in worldwide double-blind clinical studies, endoscopically evaluated benign gastric ulcer healing rates were consistently higher with cimetidine than with placebo.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
In two multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and endoscopically proven erosions and/or ulcers, cimetidine was significantly more effective than placebo in healing lesions. The endoscopically confirmed healing rates were:
Cimetidine (800 mg b.i.d.) Cimetidine (800 mg b.i.d.) Placebo p-Value (800 mg b.i.d. vs. placebo) 1 Week 6 45% 52% 26% 0.02
Week 12 60% 66% 42% 0.02
2 Week 6 50%
20% less than 0.01
Week 12 67%
36% less than 0.01
In these trials cimetidine was superior to placebo by most measures in improving symptoms of day- and night-time heartburn, with many of the differences statistically significant. The q.i.d. regimen was generally somewhat better than the b.i.d. regimen where these were compared.
Pathological Hypersecretory Conditions
(such as Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome) Cimetidine significantly inhibited gastric acid secretion and reduced occurrence of diarrhea, anorexia and pain in patients with pathological hypersecretion associated with Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome, systemic mastocytosis and multiple endocrine adenomas. Use of cimetidine was also followed by healing of intractable ulcers.
Cimetidine tablets are indicated in:
(1) Short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcer. Most patients heal within 4 weeks and there is rarely reason to use cimetidine at full dosage for longer than 6 to 8 weeks (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Duodenal Ulcer). Concomitant antacids should be given as needed for relief of pain. However, simultaneous administration of oral cimetidine and antacids is not recommended, since antacids have been reported to interfere with the absorption of oral cimetidine.
(2) Maintenance therapy for duodenal ulcer patients at reduced dosage after healing of active ulcer. Patients have been maintained on continued treatment with cimetidine 400 mg h.s. for periods of up to five years.
(3) Short-term treatment of active benign gastric ulcer. There is no information concerning usefulness of treatment periods of longer than 8 weeks.
(4) Erosive gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). Erosive esophagitis diagnosed by endoscopy. Treatment is indicated for 12 weeks for healing of lesions and control of symptoms. The use of cimetidine beyond 12 weeks has not been established (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: GERD).
(5) The treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions (i.e., Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome, systemic mastocytosis, multiple endocrine adenomas).
Symptomatic response to cimetidine therapy does not preclude the presence of a gastric malignancy. There have been rare reports of transient healing of gastric ulcers despite subsequently documented malignancy.
Reversible confusional states (see ADVERSE REACTIONS) have been observed on occasion, predominantly, but not exclusively, in severely ill patients. Advancing age (50 or more years) and preexisting liver and/or renal disease appear to be contributing factors. In some patients these confusional states have been mild and have not required discontinuation of cimetidine therapy. In cases where discontinuation was judged necessary, the condition usually cleared with 3 to 4 days of drug withdrawal.
Drug Interactions
Cimetidine, apparently through an effect on certain microsomal enzyme systems, has been reported to reduce the hepatic metabolism of warfarin-type anticoagulants, phenytoin, propranolol, nifedipine, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, certain tricyclic antidepressants, lidocaine, theophylline and metronidazole, thereby delaying elimination and increasing blood levels of these drugs.
Clinically significant effects have been reported with the warfarin anticoagulants; therefore, close monitoring of prothrombin time is recommended, and adjustment of the anticoagulant dose may be necessary when cimetidine is administered concomitantly. Interaction with phenytoin, lidocaine and theophylline has also been reported to produce adverse clinical effects.
However, a crossover study in healthy subjects receiving either cimetidine 300 mg q.i.d. or 800 mg h.s. concomitantly with a 300 mg b.i.d. dosage of theophylline extended-release tablets demonstrated less alteration in steady-state theophylline peak serum levels with the 800 mg h.s. regimen, particularly in subjects aged 54 years and older. Data beyond ten days are not available. (Note: All patients receiving theophylline should be monitored appropriately, regardless of concomitant drug therapy.)
Dosage of the drugs mentioned above and other similarly metabolized drugs, particularly those of low therapeutic ratio or in patients with renal and/or hepatic impairment, may require adjustment when starting or stopping concomitantly administered cimetidine to maintain optimum therapeutic blood levels.
Alteration of pH may affect absorption of certain drugs (e.g., ketoconazole). If these products are needed, they should be given at least 2 hours before cimetidine administration.
Additional clinical experience may reveal other drugs affected by the concomitant administration of cimetidine.
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
In a 24-month toxicity study conducted in rats, at dose levels of 150, 378 and 950 mg/kg/day (approximately 8 to 48 times the recommended human dose), there was a small increase in the incidence of benign Leydig cell tumors in each dose group; when the combined drug-treated groups and control groups were compared, this increase reached statistical significance. In a subsequent 24-month study, there were no differences between the rats receiving 150 mg/kg/day and the untreated controls. However, a statistically significant increase in benign Leydig cell tumor incidence was seen in the rats that received 378 and 950 mg/kg/day. These tumors were common in control groups as well as treated groups and the difference became apparent only in aged rats.
Cimetidine has demonstrated a weak antiandrogenic effect. In animal studies this was manifested as reduced prostate and seminal vesicle weights. However, there was no impairment of mating performance or fertility, nor any harm to the fetus in these animals at doses 8 to 48 times the full therapeutic dose of cimetidine, as compared with controls. The cases of gynecomastia seen in patients treated for one month or longer may be related to this effect.
In human studies, cimetidine has been shown to have no effect on spermatogenesis, sperm count, motility, morphology or in vitro fertilizing capacity.
PregnancyTeratogenic Effects. Pregnancy Category B
Reproduction studies have been performed in rats, rabbits and mice at doses up to 40 times the normal human dose and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to cimetidine. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproductive studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
Nursing Mothers
Cimetidine is secreted in human milk and, as a general rule, nursing should not be undertaken while patient is on a drug.
Pediatric Use
Clinical experience in pediatric patients is limited. Therefore, cimetidine therapy cannot be recommended for pediatric patients under 16, unless, in the judgement of the physician, anticipated benefits outweigh the potential risks. In very limited experience, doses of 20 to 40 mg/kg per day have been used.
Adverse effects reported in patients taking cimetidine are described below by body system. Incidence figures of 1 in 100 and greater are generally derived from controlled clinical studies.
Headaches, ranging from mild to severe, have been reported in 3.5% of 924 patients taking 1600 mg/day, 2.1% of 2,225 patients taking 800 mg/day and 2.3% of 1,897 patients taking placebo. Dizziness and somnolence (usually mild) have been reported in approximately 1 in 100 patients on either 1600 mg/day or 800 mg/day.
Reversible confusional states, e.g., mental confusion, agitation, psychosis, depression, anxiety, hallucinations, disorientation, have been reported predominantly, but not exclusively, in severely ill patients. They have usually developed within 2 to 3 days of initiation of cimetidine therapy and have cleared within 3 to 4 days of discontinuation of the drug.
Gynecomastia has been reported in patients treated for one month or longer. In patients being treated for pathological hypersecretory states, this occurred in about 4% of cases while in all others the incidence was 0.3% to 1% in various studies. No evidence of induced endocrine dysfunction was found, and the condition remained unchanged or returned toward normal with continuing cimetidine treatment.
Reversible impotence has been reported in patients with pathological hypersecretory disorders, e.g., Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome, receiving cimetidine, particularly in high doses, for at least 12 months (range 12 to 79 months, mean 38 months). However, in large-scale surveillance studies at regular dosage, the incidence has not exceeded that commonly reported in the general population.
Decreased white blood cell counts in cimetidine-treated patients (approximately 1 per 100,000 patients), including agranulocytosis (approximately 3 per million patients), have been reported, including a few reports of recurrence on rechallenge. Most of these reports were in patients who had serious concomitant illnesses and received drugs and/or treatment known to produce neutropenia. Thrombocytopenia (approximately 3 per million patients) and, very rarely, cases of pancytopenia or aplastic anemia have also been reported. As with some other H2-receptor antagonists, there have been extremely rare reports of immune hemolytic anemia.
Dose-related increases in serum transaminase have been reported. In most cases they did not progress with continued therapy and returned to normal at the end of therapy. There have been rare reports of cholestatic or mixed cholestatic-hepatocellular effects. These were usually reversible. Because of the predominance of cholestatic features, severe parenchymal injury is considered highly unlikely. However, as in the occasional liver injury with other H2-receptor antagonists, in exceedingly rare circumstances fatal outcomes have been reported.
There has been reported a single case of biopsy-proven periportal hepatic fibrosis in a patient receiving cimetidine.
Rare cases of pancreatitis, which cleared on withdrawal of the drug, have been reported.
Rare cases of fever and allergic reactions including anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity vasculitis, which cleared on withdrawal of the drug, have been reported.
Small, possibly dose-related increases in plasma creatinine, presumably due to competition for renal tubular secretion, are not uncommon and do not signify deteriorating renal function. Rare cases of interstitial nephritis and urinary retention, which cleared on withdrawal of the drug, have been reported.
Rare cases of bradycardia, tachycardia and A-V heart block have been reported with H2-receptor antagonists.
There have been rare reports of reversible arthralgia and myalgia; exacerbation of joint symptoms in patients with preexisting arthritis has also been reported. Such symptoms have usually been alleviated by a reduction in cimetidine dosage. Rare cases of polymyositis have been reported, but no causal relationship has been established.
Mild rash and, very rarely, cases of severe generalized skin reactions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme, exfoliative dermatitis and generalized exfoliative erythroderma have been reported with H2-receptor antagonists. Reversible alopecia has been reported very rarely.
Studies in animals indicate that toxic doses are associated with respiratory failure and tachycardia that may be controlled by assisted respiration and the administration of a beta-blocker.
Reported acute ingestions orally of up to 20 grams have been associated with transient adverse effects similar to those encountered in normal clinical experience. The usual measures to remove unabsorbed material from the gastrointestinal tract, clinical monitoring, and supportive therapy should be employed.
There have been reports of severe CNS symptoms, including unresponsiveness, following ingestion of between 20 and 40 grams of cimetidine, and extremely rare reports following concomitant use of multiple CNS-active medications and ingestion of cimetidine at doses less than 20 grams. An elderly, terminally ill dehydrated patient with organic brain syndrome receiving concomitant antipsychotic agents and cimetidine 4800 mg intravenously over a 24 hour period experienced mental deterioration with reversal on cimetidine discontinuation.
There have been two deaths in adults who were reported to have ingested over 40 grams orally on a single occasion
Duodenal UlcerActive Duodenal Ulcer
Clinical studies have indicated that suppression of nocturnal acid is the most important factor in duodenal ulcer healing (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Antisecretory Activity: Acid Secretion). This is supported by recent clinical trials (see CLINICAL TRIALS: Duodenal Ulcer: Active Duodenal Ulcer). Therefore, there is no apparent rationale, except for familiarity with use, for treating with anything other than a once-daily at bedtime oral dosage regimen (h.s.).
In a U.S. oral dose-ranging study of 400 mg h.s., 800 mg h.s. and 1600 mg h.s., a continuous dose response relationship for ulcer healing was demonstrated.
However, 800 mg h.s. is the dose of choice for most patients, as it provides a high healing rate (the difference between 800 mg h.s. and 1600 mg h.s. being small), maximal pain relief, a decreased potential for drug interactions (see PRECAUTIONS: Drug Interactions) and maximal patient convenience. Patients unhealed at four weeks, or those with persistent symptoms, have been shown to benefit from two to four weeks of continued therapy.
It has been shown that patients who both have an endoscopically demonstrated ulcer larger than 1 cm and are also heavy smokers (i.e., smoke one pack of cigarettes or more per day) are more difficult to heal. There is some evidence which suggests that more rapid healing can be achieved in this subpopulation with cimetidine 1600 mg at bedtime. While early pain relief with either 800 mg h.s. or 1600 mg h.s. is equivalent in all patients, 1600 mg h.s. provides an appropriate alternative when it is important to ensure healing within four weeks for this subpopulation. Alternatively, approximately 94% of all patients will also heal in eight weeks with cimetidine 800 mg h.s.
Other cimetidine oral regimens in the U.S. which have been shown to be effective are: 300 mg four times daily, with meals and at bedtime, the original regimen with which U.S. physicians have the most experience, and 400 mg twice daily, in the morning and at bedtime (see CLINICAL TRIALS: Duodenal Ulcer: Active Duodenal Ulcer).
Concomitant antacids should be given as needed for relief of pain. However, simultaneous administration of oral cimetidine and antacids is not recommended, since antacids have been reported to interfere with the absorption of cimetidine.
While healing with cimetidine often occurs during the first week or two, treatment should be continued for 4 to 6 weeks unless healing has been demonstrated by endoscopic examination.Maintenance Therapy for Duodenal Ulcer
In those patients requiring maintenance therapy, the recommended adult oral dose is 400 mg at bedtime.
Active Benign Gastric Ulcer
The recommended adult oral dosage for short-term treatment of active benign gastric ulcer is 800 mg h.s., or 300 mg four times a day with meals and at bedtime. Controlled clinical studies were limited to six weeks of treatment (see CLINICAL TRIALS). 800 mg h.s. is the preferred regimen for most patients based upon convenience and reduced potential for drug interactions. Symptomatic response to cimetidine does not preclude the presence of a gastric malignancy. It is important to follow gastric ulcer patients to assure rapid progress to complete healing.
Erosive Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
The recommended adult oral dosage for the treatment of erosive esophagitis that has been diagnosed by endoscopy is 1600 mg daily in divided doses (800 mg b.i.d. or 400 mg q.i.d.) for 12 weeks. The use of cimetidine beyond 12 weeks has not been established.
Pathological Hypersecretory Conditions
(such as Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome) Recommended adult oral dosage: 300 mg four times a day with meals and at bedtime. In some patients it may be necessary to administer higher doses more frequently. Doses should be adjusted to individual patient needs, but should not usually exceed 2400 mg per day and should continue as long as clinically indicated.
Dosage Adjustment for Patients with Impaired Renal Function
Patients with severely impaired renal function have been treated with cimetidine. However, such usage has been very limited. On the basis of this experience the recommended dosage is 300 mg every 12 hours orally or by intravenous injection. Should the patient's condition require, the frequency of dosing may be increased to every 8 hours or even further with caution. In severe renal failure, accumulation may occur and the lowest frequency of dosing compatible with an adequate patient response should be used. When liver impairment is also present, further reductions in dosage may be necessary. Hemodialysis reduces the level of circulating cimetidine. Ideally, the dosage schedule should be adjusted so that the timing of a scheduled dose coincides with the end of hemodialysis.
Cimetidine tablets are available containing 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg and 800 mg of cimetidine.
The 200 mg tablets are film-coated green, five sided, house shaped, unscored tablets debossed with M on one side and 53 on the other side. They are available as follows:
bottles of 100 tablets
The 300 mg tablets are film-coated green, five sided, house shaped, unscored tablets debossed with M on one side and 317 on the other side. They are available as follows:
bottles of 100 tablets
bottles of 500 tablets
The 400 mg tablets are film-coated green, five sided, house shaped, partially scored tablets debossed with M on one side and 372 on the other side. They are available as follows:
bottles of 100 tablets
bottles of 500 tablets
The 800 mg tablets are film-coated green, oval, partially scored tablets debossed with M 541 across the partial score. They are available as follows:
bottles of 100 tablets
Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). [See USP for Controlled Room Temperature.]
Protect from light.
Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP using a child-resistant closure.
Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Morgantown, WV 26505
cimetidine tablet, film coated
Product Information Product Type HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG Item Code (Source) NDC:16590-048(NDC:0378-0317) Route of Administration ORAL Active Ingredient/Active Moiety Ingredient Name Basis of Strength Strength CIMETIDINE (UNII: 80061L1WGD) (CIMETIDINE - UNII:80061L1WGD) CIMETIDINE 300 mg Inactive Ingredients Ingredient Name Strength CROSCARMELLOSE SODIUM (UNII: M28OL1HH48) CROSPOVIDONE (UNII: 68401960MK) HYPROMELLOSES (UNII: 3NXW29V3WO) MAGNESIUM STEARATE (UNII: 70097M6I30) CELLULOSE, MICROCRYSTALLINE (UNII: OP1R32D61U) POLYDEXTROSE (UNII: VH2XOU12IE) POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (UNII: 3WJQ0SDW1A) POVIDONE (UNII: FZ989GH94E) STARCH, CORN (UNII: O8232NY3SJ) SODIUM ALGINATE (UNII: C269C4G2ZQ) SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE (UNII: 368GB5141J) TITANIUM DIOXIDE (UNII: 15FIX9V2JP) TRIACETIN (UNII: XHX3C3X673) VANILLIN (UNII: CHI530446X) Product Characteristics Color green Score 2 pieces Shape PENTAGON (5 sided) Size 10mm Flavor Imprint Code M;317 Contains Packaging # Item Code Package Description Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date 1 NDC:16590-048-30 30 in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC 2 NDC:16590-048-60 60 in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC 3 NDC:16590-048-90 90 in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC Marketing Information Marketing Category Application Number or Monograph Citation Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date ANDA ANDA074246 05/17/1994 Labeler - STAT RX USA LLC (786036330) Establishment Name Address ID/FEI Business Operations STAT RX USA LLC 786036330 relabel, repack


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European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes (EFSD) and Janssen. EFSD and Janssen have established a partnership to encourage new projects aimed at advancing current knowledge in the role of the kidney in diabetes.
EFSD and Janssen have established a partnership to encourage new projects aimed at advancing current knowledge in the role of the kidney in diabetes.
To achieve the goals and objectives of this Programme, EFSD and Janssen invite applications by issuing this "Request for Applications" (RFA), which indicates joint funding as well as areas of research emphasis.
The EFSD/Janssen Programme for the Study of the Role of the Kidney in Diabetes is intended to stimulate and accelerate European research aimed at understanding the role of the kidney in diabetes. The emphasis of the Programme is on renal glucose handling and metabolism, and in particular its physiological and pathophysiological role in type 2 diabetes. To achieve its goals, the partnership seeks to support basic and clinical research in this scientific area.
Research will be supported through the award of grants, each of up to Euro 100,000 for basic research projects and Euro 200,000 for clinical research projects. The duration of each award may be one year or longer, depending upon the needs of the project and as justified in the application. EFSD may, at the suggestion of the Review Committee, recommend an award in a lessr amount considered more appropriate for the proposed studies.
Applications for an EFSD/Janssen grant are invited from single non-profit institutions or groups of such institutions from Europe and associated countries. The principal investigator and any co-investigators must be employed full-time at a non-profit institution and the study must be performed at their place of work.
Applications will be subject to scientific review by a specialised ad hoc committee and funding will require approval by an EFSD Board convened for this purpose. It is anticipated that applications will be received, reviewed and approved for funding by June 2013.
Prior to any final decision on funding, and in order to offer applicants the opportunity to benefit from the review process, EFSD reserves the right to request revision to applications in accordance with the recommendations of the Review Committee.
Applications for research grants may be subjected to pre-review (or triage) procedures. In this event, any application rejected at pre-review will not be subject to a complete scientific review. The deadline for receipt of research grant applications for funding this year is 15 February 2013
Cal comunicar abans del 28 de gener de 2013 que es vol participar a la convocatòria, enviant un e-mail a firstname.lastname@example.com . Termini: 4 de febrer de 2013
Euro 100,000 for basic research projects and Euro 200,000 for clinical research projects
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Canada is one of the world's most promising countries in terms of education and residency. Services from Visa Expert 24 Immigration Solutions help the aspirants to study in Canada and even apply for Permanent Residency (PR)
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Personalised Handstamped Bronze Anniversary Keyring, I Still Do
This small keyring gift is crafted in kiln formed bronze and makes a lovely unique gift for a bronze 8th or 19th wedding anniversary.
The keycharm measures approximately 2.5cm and is handstamped on the front with the words "I sill do" in small capital letters, with a heart placed beneath. Also attached is a smaller charm which can be personalised with a custom anniversary date (please read below for how to order).
The keychain comes packaged with a small organza gift bag, but you can also add a gift box to the order.
Add your custom date to the message box on the shopping cart page.
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I've been listening to M. K. Sol's album, "The Guild / Days Of Sorrow" on Bandcamp, and it's really putting me in that "Don't worry! Everything is good! Do what you need to!" kind of mood. The layers of piano are beautiful enough to strip away your concerns and elaborate enough to keep your attention.
I'm growing particularly fond of the title track, "The Guild". I think it does the best job of illustrating all the points I've been making so far. I have so much work to do right now, but listening to this somehow keeps me from worrying about it at all.
M. K. Sol has eleven great tracks on "The Guild / Days Of Sorrow" on their Bandcamp page, and they're all absolutely worth checking out. Head on over for perfect stress relieving, thought provoking, instrumental mood music. Albuquerque, you're putting out a lot of great stuff like this right now, and Michael Solomon Kesner's music under the abbreviation M. K. Sol is right at the very top.


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A infant custody attorney could be your most suitable choice if you have a issue on visitation or perhaps who could be the custodial parent of one's children. Sometimes, one father or mother chooses to quit this proper, and is very happy to visit the particular young person even though the other father or mother houses the particular young person and a secure home surroundings. In some other cases, the mom and dad must hire a kid custody attorney to ascertain visitation also to determine which usually parent help keep the younger person during intervals.
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People that are getting any divorce need to know how property will probably be divided, which party will probably be asked to fund support, and just how will the youngsters be maintained. Of training course, it is obviously best any time parents can easily determine the particular accommodations and acknowledge visitation outside court, but if they simply can not agree a kid custody legal professional can facilitate. In virtually any case, the court docket and every one of the parties involved needs to be seeking to ascertain how to be able to best help make the transition for your children, and how to ensure that the kids needs are usually covered. Because divorce can be a highly mental issue, the mom and dad may inadvertently utilize the young particular person to punish the other person.
The apparent judgment of an authorized can support when here is the case. The lawyer use laws within your state to ensure that when it really is safe for your youth, the mom and dad can be involved in the youth's upbringing and possess appropriate time and energy to parent.
Hiring legal counsel, will minimize through a number of the needless bickering and also complications connected with speaking having an upset spouse in regards to the plans within a divorce. Once you and the lawyer determine an actions, the attorney at law can talk with the some other party required or speak to the some other lawyer to suit your needs. Hiring legal counsel can reduce a number of the stress connected with child child custody cases, because you understand which you have a professional working for you who can clearly articulate your desires and claim how people wishes come in the younger person's finest interest.
Although you may not know just what will occur through the court, or how a court can decide, your lawyer will give you notion of what the particular court proceedings will probably be like. The lawyer also can brief an individual on virtually any information which is obtained from the spouse or perhaps that personal lawyer. Hiring a kid custody attorney Business Supervision Articles, you're feeling more empowered through the proceedings.


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France downed Argentina 4-3 in the First Knockout match of the World Cup in the Round Of 16. Mbaape struck 2 goals in the France Vs Argentina game to send the South Americans out of the tournament. Qualifying for the knock-out stages with a lot of difficulty after beating Nigeria 2-1
Author: Ramprasad Devaraj
France Vs Argentina: Key Players To Watch Out For As Two Cup Contenders Clash In The Round Of 16 And Expected Line-Ups
WATCH | Denmark vs France : Everything that Happened and Why Both Teams played out a 'Perfect Result'
BREAKING | Denmark vs France : Giroud, Lemar and Nzonzi to Start Confirmed Lineups, Key Players and here is How the Teams will Line Up
France vs Peru : Impact of Fresh Legs, The World Cup dream for Mbappe and Peru and their 27 shots on goal
Group C | France Vs Peru: Key Players To Watch Out For As Peru Seeks Lifeline And Starting XI
What France vs Australia has Taught us as History was made in the Opening clash of Group C
A Resilient Aussie defense held the french team at bay making them have to work hard for their goals. Interceptions, tackles and robustness of the Aussie defence made it difficult for the young and pacy French front line to breach into their opponents's territory. The Australian players put up a real
Group C | France Vs Australia : Key Players who can stage an upset for Australia and Line-Ups
Full Break Down of the Greatest Team Goal scored in the World Cup
Esteban Cambiasso vs Serbia and Montenegro (2006, Germany) The beauty of the goal lies in the teamwork and patience in setting up the goal only to be finished precisely. This goal by Esteban Cambiasso was a wonderful team effort by the Argentinian team. It is the number of players and touches involved
A Strike to remember for the ages : Watch Maxi Rodriguez Wonderstrike vs Mexico (2006)
Maxi Rodriguez vs Mexico(2006, Germany) Maxi Rodriguez scored an absolute wonder to score the winner for Argentina against Mexico. In the last 16 Argentina faced Mexico. Hernan Crespo equalized after an early lead from the Mexicans. The game headed into extra time with the scores level. Man of the hour Maxi Rodriguez then produced


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Won the title of Mr. Olympia in 1976 and 1981
MMDE: Franco Columbo
Current: Franco Columbu
A long time friend of Arnold Schwarzenegger, Franco has appeared in many shows and films throughout his long career, and there are plenty of references to his name being spelt both Columbu and Columbo.
It can't have gone unnoticed that there was also an incredibly famous TV detective called Columbo seemingly always on TV during this time too. Could this be a simple case of conflation in the public mind of the similar-sounding surnames? Hardcore Columbo fans also know a secret - the detectives first name just happened to be Frank...
Starred in many movies
Columbu is Sardinian, where names ending in -"u" are common. He's also been in many movies, including The Terminator, The Running Man and Conan the Barbarian with his friend Arnold Schwarzenegger.
Many internet references to him back in his bodybuilding days do refer to him as Columbo.


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Read Our Latest Blog Posts
Bleaching Do's!!!!
Almost daily, I am asked about teeth bleaching and the potential damage to enamel which is a myth that continues to haunt our profession. I bleach my teeth professionally and would never recommend a product that I never tried on my own teeth. Over using a bleaching...read more
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As a whole, our society is focusing on being more environmentally conscious. For the first time in decades the ozone layer is shrinking and to me that's proof , that we are slowly but surely doing something right. As a dentist, I always like to find ways our...read more
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I recently hurt my neck and the first place I thought to go was my acupuncturist. As I lay there and felt my pains diminish, I contemplated my dream of getting certified to be an acupuncturist. As a holistic minded person, I know there are many systemic things in the...read more
Is It Possible to Stop Cavities in Their Track? YES
I'm always up for new products and using myself as a guinea pig. This product was introduced to me by a pediatric dental colleague. Its called Advantage Arrest and its main component is silver diamine fluoride. It claims to arrest ( stop cavities ) at the enamel level...read more
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I recently had a patient who came to the office concerned about the metal in conventional implants and fillings. She came to the office originally to have her mercury fillings replaced by white composites. She was missing a tooth in the back and several dentists...read more
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They come when you least expect them and range from annoyances to really painful...the elusive canker sore. Canker sores also known dentally as aphthous ulcers are small, shallow, benign sores in the mouth or at the base of the gums. They can be caused by injury (ie...read more
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I've been practicing yoga on and off for 12 years. Avurveda is a system of medicine with roots in India and often goes hand in hand with yogic practice. A few years back, I went to a seminar at my favorite yoga center and learned about "oil pulling" which for years...read more


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Gold Demon by George N Sinclair
Its an intriguing novel that concentrates the plot around a young woman and a mysterious man who's only plan is to put the whole world in a gold crisis. But as we follow the beautiful lawyer Esta we understand that things are not always what they seem to be and she's more than meets the eyes. We walk with her into the past, traveling back in time in Ancient Summer 3902 BC, while she follows the trail of Soitan soon after she realizes that the gold market is behaving strangely.
Soitan, the man who wants to find the lost secrets of the alchemy and use them to consolidate his power in the new world. As George Sinclair writes on his blog: "Soitan, a ruthless and sadistic tycoon has hoarded huge amounts of gold, and intends to destroy the world's economy once he discovers the secret of gold transmutation, but he must first discover the secret process. Suddenly, as sinister forces shadow his every move his focus turns to ancient King-making rituals."
I liked the first chapters and I am curious about how he'll take the action forward. We have mystery, murder, time travel, the action is spiced very well, but I want to know them better: at the end of the sixth chapter I feel that I don't know Esta nor Soitan. But what I can tell for sure is that more good things will come out of this book that I recommend reading.
ps: you can follow George on twitter at: http://twitter.com/#!/GeorgeNSinclair


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Three valuable events are taking place the day before Merchandise World. Why not come and join in any of the events below:
Date: Tuesday 11th September 2018 – Venue: Farnborough International Exhibition Centre
Free Networking Evening Event: 7pm to 11pm
Enjoy free food, pay bar and pre-show networking. Entry by free ticket only.
To book your Free Tickets please click here.
Industry Leader Debate: 5pm to 6pm
After a successful industry debate in January 2018 we are holding another industry debate on the Eve of Merchandise World this will follow on after the Brexit Summit. Six key suppliers will be answering your questions and sharing their experiences if you have any questions you would like posed to our leaders please send them to firstname.lastname@example.com.
To book your space at the Industry Leaders Debate please click here.
Brexit Impact Debate: 1pm to 5pm
The BPMA is bringing together an expert panel to debate the impact of Brexit. This event is free for BPMA members, non-members are welcome to attend at a fee of £25.
To book your space at the Brexit Summit please click here.
Published on: August 9th, 2018


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Your home is your most valuable asset... each home and basement is different. Your foundation may be feildstone, mono pour, block or concrete walls. All experts agree that the most common water entry points the floor wall joint, wall cracks, floor cracks, and down the walls creating wet basement problems. Because of the eventual build up of water pressure against the foundation, even the smallest leak can lead to a flooded basement, potentially costing thousands of dollars in repairs and mold and mildew remediation. It's better for your house, and your family's health if you take care of this potentially dangerous problem before it gets out of control. Our dedicated research and development team has created innovative basement waterproofing solutions to keep your basement dry as efficiently as possible. No matter what the basement problem, from basement leaks, to sump pump installation, and flooding repair, we have the solution.
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As a dog owner, you want to provide your pet with the best food you possibly can. You want a food that is delicious, nutritious, packed with high-quality ingredients, and, to the extent possible, affordable.
Fortunately, there are a few different manufacturers that make exactly these types of foods. But while it is nice to know that there are several great options available, it can be difficult to decide which one is best suited for your dog.
We'll try to help you do exactly that below, as we compare two of the very popular dog food brands in the business – Taste of the Wild vs Blue Buffalo dog food review.
Both brands are unquestionably among the highest-rated, but they do differ in a few key ways. We'll try to help you understand the important differences between the two, so you can make the best choice for your pet.
We'll start with a few quick recommendations and compare the two most popular recipes for each brand. Then we'll move on to a more in-depth analysis to help you decide whether Blue Buffalo or Taste of the Wild is the right choice for you.
Note: We will be restricting our analysis to the dry foods produced by these two manufacturers at this time, as the majority of owners feed their pets kibble-based foods. We'll examine the canned options produced by each of these brands at a later date.
In case you are standing in the pet store aisle trying to make a decision, or your mouse is hovering over the "Buy Now" button, we'll try to help you out by providing a few quick recommendations.
Both of these brands produce very high-quality dog foods.
As long as you select a recipe that is appropriate for your pet, you and your dog will likely be happy with your choice. Nevertheless, the following owners and dogs will be best served by making the following choices:
|If you want:
|Then you should choose:
|The most affordable option
|Taste of the Wild
|A grain-free food
|Both brands offer grain-free options
|A food with plenty of fruits and vegetables
|BLUE Buffalo
|A weight-management food
|BLUE Buffalo
|Premium proteins
|Taste of the Wild
|Several protein sources
|Taste of the Wild
|A senior recipe
|BLUE Buffalo
|A large-breed dog recipe
|BLUE Buffalo
|A small-breed dog recipe
|BLUE Buffalo
|A food for dogs with food allergies
|Taste of the Wild
|A GMO-free food
|Taste of the Wild (PREY formulas)
We're primarily interested in comparing the entire product lines of Taste of the Wild and Blue Buffalo, but it is also helpful to compare two representative recipes directly. We'll look at one of the most popular recipes from each brand below.
|Taste of the Wild High Prairie Adult Venison & Bison Recipe
|BLUE Buffalo Life Protection Adult Chicken and Brown Rice Recipe
|First 5 Ingredients
|Buffalo, lamb meal, chicken meal, sweet potatoes, peas
|Deboned chicken, chicken meal, brown rice, barley, oatmeal
|Crude Protein
|Crude Fat
|Crude Fiber
|No information provided
|No information provided
|150 mg/kg
|No information provided
|0.35 mg/kg
|No information provided
|Vitamin E
|150 IU/kg
|No information provided
|Omega-6 Fatty Acids
|Omega-3 Fatty Acids
|No information provided
|700 mg/kg
|Chondroitin sulfate
|No information provided
|500 mg/kg
|Total Microorganisms (Probiotics)
|80,000,000 CFU/lb.
|No information provided
|Calorie count
|370 Calories/cup
|377 Calories/cup
Taste of the Wild High Prairie Adult Venison & Bison Recipe Ingredients: Buffalo, lamb meal, chicken meal, sweet potatoes, peas, potatoes, canola oil, egg product, roasted bison, roasted venison, beef, natural flavor, tomato pomace, potato protein, pea protein, ocean fish meal, salt, choline chloride, dried chicory root, tomatoes, blueberries, raspberries, Yucca schidigera extract, dried Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation product, dried Bacillus subtilis fermentation product, dried Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product, dried Enterococcus faecium fermentation product, dried Bifidobacterium animalis fermentation product, vitamin E supplement, iron proteinate, zinc proteinate, copper proteinate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, potassium iodide, thiamine mononitrate (vitamin B1), manganese proteinate, manganous oxide, ascorbic acid, vitamin A supplement, biotin, niacin, calcium pantothenate, manganese sulfate, sodium selenite, pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6), vitamin B12 supplement, riboflavin (vitamin B2), vitamin D supplement, folic acid.
BLUE Buffalo Life Protection Formula Adult Chicken and Brown Rice Ingredients: Deboned Chicken, Chicken Meal, Brown Rice, Barley, Oatmeal, Chicken Fat (preserved with Mixed Tocopherols), Dried Tomato Pomace, Peas, Flaxseed (source of Omega 3 and 6 Fatty Acids), Natural Flavor, Potatoes, Dehydrated Alfalfa Meal, Calcium Carbonate, Salt, Potassium Chloride, Potato Starch, Dried Chicory Root, DL-Methionine, Caramel Color, preserved with Mixed Tocopherols, Sweet Potatoes, Carrots, Garlic, Choline Chloride, Vitamin E Supplement, Ferrous Sulfate, Iron Amino Acid Chelate, Zinc Amino Acid Chelate, Zinc Sulfate, Yucca schidigera Extract, L-Lysine, Parsley, Dried Kelp, Blueberries, Cranberries, Apples, Spinach, Blackberries, Pomegranate, Pumpkin, Barley Grass, Turmeric, L-Ascorbyl-2-Polyphosphate (source of Vitamin C), Copper Sulfate, Copper Amino Acid Chelate, Glucosamine Hydrochloride, Nicotinic Acid (Vitamin B3), Calcium Pantothenate (Vitamin B5), Taurine, Biotin (Vitamin B7), Manganese Sulfate, Vitamin A Supplement, Manganese Amino Acid Chelate, L-Carnitine, Thiamine Mononitrate (Vitamin B1), Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), Vitamin D3 Supplement, Vitamin B12 Supplement, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B6), Beta Carotene, Dried Yeast, Dried Enterococcus faecium fermentation product, Dried Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product, Dried Aspergillus niger fermentation extract, Dried Trichoderma longibrachiatum fermentation extract, Dried Bacillus subtilis fermentation extract, Folic Acid (Vitamin B9), Calcium Iodate, Sodium Selenite, Oil of Rosemary.
With these quick recommendations and recipe comparisons out of the way, we'll now dig in and look at each brand in more detail.
Despite being one of the fastest-growing dog food brands in the world, Taste of the Wild only came into existence in 2007. Although the company is owned by the family-run Schell and Kampeter, Inc., their foods are manufactured in the USA by Diamond Pet Foods Inc.
Taste of the Wild foods are designed to mimic the ancestral diet of dogs (which essentially means they resemble the diet of wolves). Taste of the Wild accomplishes this by incorporating premium meats, nutritious carbohydrates and an assortment of fruits and vegetables into each one of their recipes. They also leave out things like artificial colors, flavors, and preservatives, as well as corn, wheat, and other grains.
Taste of the Wild has had a very good history of producing safe and healthy foods, but Diamond Pet Foods Inc. (the company that manufactures the brand's foods) was involved in a very broad recall that took place in 2012.
This recall involved a very large number of brands that are manufactured by Diamond Pet Foods, Inc., and it was initiated in response to concerns about Salmonella contamination. The recall affected all varieties of Taste of the Wild made in a particular plant, over a 4-month period.
Unfortunately, many dogs were sickened by the affected foods. A class-action lawsuit was settled in 2014, which entitled owners of dogs sickened by the foods to monetary compensation.
As of October 2019, there are two outstanding lawsuits filed against the company. The first, filed in 8/2018, has claimed that three Taste of the Wild recipes (Grain-free High Prairie, Grain-free Pacific Stream, and Wild Prairie Puppy) contained contaminants including heavy metals, pesticides, acrylamide, and BPA. The second was filed 2/28/2019, claiming that five more formulas include the same ingredients.
Read a PDF copy of the lawsuit here and determine whether further research is warranted so you can make an appropriate conclusion.
Taste of the Wild produces three different basic formulas, including their standard recipes for both adults and puppies, as well as their PREY Formula, which includes a few limited-ingredient diets. In total, Taste of the Wild currently offers 12 different recipes. These include:
There are a number of things to like about Taste of the Wild Foods – that's part of the reason they're so highly rated by customers and popular among pet owners. Some of the most noteworthy benefits and selling points provided by the brand include:
Every batch of BLUE Buffalo produces seeks to embrace a simple principle: "Love them like family, feed them like family." Created in 2002 by Bill Bishop and his sons, the company was named for the family's Airedale terrier, who fell ill at 7 years of age when he developed cancer.
The company was created, in part, to help improve the quality of food available to dog owners. Accordingly, each recipe in the company's lineup is made with only the finest ingredient available, including whole meats and any of several different high-quality carbohydrates. Additionally, each recipe features BLUE Buffalo's patented LifeSource Bits, which contain a proprietary blend of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals.
BLUE Buffalo was bought by General Mills in February of 2018.
BLUE Buffalo has enacted a few recalls since 2009.
In 2010, BLUE Buffalo initiated a voluntary recall of several products that were found to contain excessive levels of Vitamin D. Sixteen different dogs suffered minor symptoms after eating the affected foods, but they all recovered after switching diets. The foods affected by the recall included several specific production runs of Wilderness Chicken-Dog, Basics Salmon-Dog, and Large Breed Adult Dog products.
Additionally, BLUE Buffalo has recalled a few of their treats too. This includes one batch of their Cub Size Wilderness Wild Chews Bones, which were recalled in November of 2015 due to Salmonella concerns. No dogs are thought to have become ill due to these products, and the recall was initiated voluntarily by BLUE Buffalo in response to troubling findings obtained during routine product testing.
The only recent recall that involved any of the kibble-based formulas discussed here occurred in May of 2016. In this case, the problem was moisture and mold and the affected food was a small batch of BLUE Buffalo's Life Protection Formula Dog Food Fish and Sweet Potato Recipe. This was a very limited recall, which only affected foods manufactured during a two-hour window. We couldn't find any reports of dogs falling ill due to the affected foods.
In February of 2017, BLUE Buffalo initiated another recall. This time it involved a few production runs of BLUE Buffalo Homestyle Recipe Healthy Weight. The problem, in this case, was reported to be possible aluminum metal contamination. No dogs are thought to have been harmed by these products.
In March of 2017, BLUE Buffalo initiated a voluntary recall of 17 different varieties of their BLUE Divine Delights and BLUE Wilderness Trail Trays. BLUE Buffalo indicated that the recall was in response to quality-control issues with the foil seals on these food containers. No dogs are thought to have fallen ill due to the problem.
Around the same time (March of 2017), BLUE Buffalo also initiated a recall of one production lot of their BLUE Wilderness Rocky Mountain Recipe Red Meat Dinner Wet Food for Adult Dogs. This recall resulted from the possibility that these foods had excessive levels of naturally-occurring beef thyroid hormone. One dog was reported to have fallen mildly ill after eating the contaminated food, before recovering completely.
BLUE Buffalo produces six different formulas, including Life Protection Formula, BLUE Formula, BLUE Freedom Formula, BLUE Basics Formula, BLUE Wilderness Formula, and BLUE Natural Veterinary Diets. The majority of their recipes are part of the Life Protection or BLUE Wilderness Formulas, and they produce 83 different recipes in total.
But while you should certainly compare the different products against each other to arrive at the best choice for your pet, they are all extremely well formulated and any of them should satisfy your dog and keep him healthy.
BLUE Buffalo's product line contains a high number of individual recipes, so it is difficult to make broad generalizations about many of the characteristics of these foods. However, this variety is a selling point in itself, as it gives owners who like the brand more options from which they can choose.
And at the end of the day, all of BLUE Buffalo's recipes are well-conceived, nutritious and delicious, despite minor differences between the individual products. Some of the most common selling points and benefits provided by the food include:
We're going to go ahead and say that both Taste of the Wild and BLUE Buffalo are fantastic foods, which will suit most dogs quite well.
So, we'll compare a few key characteristics and features of the two below, but just keep in mind that you'll essentially be choosing between two of the best options available.
Dogs require a nutritious protein source to remain healthy, and you should typically look for a whole protein (rather than a meat meal or byproduct) at the beginning of any dog food's ingredient list. In fact, this should be one of your first criteria when selecting a dog food.
Fortunately, both Taste of the Wild and BLUE Buffalo satisfy this need and include a whole protein at the top of their ingredient lists. However, there are clear differences between the two brands, and we'd give the edge to Taste of the Wild.
Every one of Taste of the Wild's kibble-based recipes features a whole meat at the top of the list. However, many of their recipes take things a step further, by incorporating super-premium meats like roasted venison, smoked salmon or roasted lamb.
Most BLUE Buffalo recipes are built around a relatively work-a-day protein like chicken, but several of the foods in their BLUE Wilderness line incorporate similar, high-end proteins, such as trout, quail or rabbit.
The inclusion of several different protein sources helps to ensure your dog gets all of the amino acids he needs to remain healthy. Both brands satisfy this criterion, but once again, Taste of the Wild is clearly the superior product.
For example, their High Prairie Canine Recipe with Roasted Bison and Roasted Venison – one of Taste of the Wild's most popular recipes – contains seven different proteins, including buffalo, lamb meal, chicken meal, roasted bison, roasted venison, beef and fish meal.
Once again, BLUE Buffalo's BLUE Wilderness line comes closest to matching Taste of the Wild, and some of the recipes in this line provide a collection of high-end protein sources that is probably just as nutritious. But because most Taste of the Wild recipes provide an array of great proteins, while only a handful of BLUE Buffalo's do, the former once again comes away with the win.
Many modern dog owners like to provide their dog with a hypoallergenic dog food, as things like corn and wheat are often associated with skin and coat problems.
Additionally, grain-free recipes (which are rich in complex carbohydrates) typically provide dogs with long-term, sustained energy, rather than the rapidly fluctuating energy levels foods containing corn, enriched wheat, and other carbohydrates usually provide.
Both brands provide grain-free options for owners, but while several BLUE Buffalo products contain grains, every one of the Taste of the Wild recipes is entirely grain free.
Instead, their recipes rely on things like garbanzo beans (chickpeas) and other legumes, potatoes, sweet potatoes and peas to provide the necessary carbohydrate content.
If you like BLUE Buffalo products but want a grain-free option, take a look at the BLUE Freedom recipes, as well as a few of the recipes in the BLUE Wilderness product line.
Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that live in your dog's intestines, where they help foster proper digestion and protect against intestinal upset, by outcompeting some types of harmful bacteria.
Many premium dog foods are made with probiotics, and the best dog probiotics typically feature several different bacterial strains. This is thought to provide better protection than a single bacterial strain can.
Both brands incorporate a number of different probiotics in their recipes.
For example, most Taste of the Wild recipes includes the following five probiotic strains:
On the other hand, most BLUE Buffalo recipes include the following:
Unless you have a specific reason to suspect that your dog needs Bifidobacterium animalis rather than Aspergillus niger, or he will respond better to Trichoderma longibrachiatum than Lactobacillus plantarum, there's very little reason to select one brand over the other.
Accordingly, we'll declare this one a tie. Either brand will likely help encourage good digestion and promote proper, regular elimination for your dog.
Antioxidants help to protect your dog's cells from damage and boost his immune system, so he can better fight off illness and stay healthy. Boldly colored fruits and vegetables are some of the best sources of antioxidants, so many of the best foods incorporate them in their recipes.
These types of fruits and vegetables also help improve the flavor of a dog food, so dogs often enjoy foods containing things like blueberries, carrots, and apples. This makes them doubly valuable for your pet.
Many Taste of the Wild recipes contain blueberries, raspberries, and tomatoes, but BLUE Wilderness is the clear winner in this category. As mentioned earlier, all of their recipes contain LifeSource Bits which are fortified with antioxidants. Additionally, they contain several antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables, including things like kelp, blueberries, cranberries, apples, spinach, blackberries, pomegranate, and pumpkin.
Some dogs will require a food that helps to treat or prevent a health problem or physical trait. Big dogs, for example, will often benefit from a food specifically designed for large breeds. Conversely, small breeds will usually benefit from a food designed specifically for their physical traits and needs.
Other dogs may require a food designed to foster weight-loss or digestive problems, and still, others may require a limited-ingredient diet to help eliminate food allergies.
Both Taste of the Wild and BLUE Buffalo offers recipes designed to address these issues (neither produces a recipe designed to foster proper digestion, as all of their recipes seek to do so). However, we'd give BLUE Buffalo the edge here, as they offer many more options that address these types of dog- and breed-specific concerns.
They offer foods designed for small breeds, toy breeds, and large breeds, as well as dogs with food allergies or weight-control issues.
Both of these brands produce very nutritious foods that are made in the USA from premium ingredients. They both ensure that their recipes meet the appropriate AAFCO guidelines, and most dogs appear to find the various recipes available to be tasty. Accordingly, owners should feel confident about selecting either brand.
Outside of the unknowns and warranted concern surrounding the outstanding lawsuits, we'd probably give Taste of the Wild the higher overall rating. This is given the fact that the recipes are more affordably priced, include premium meats in each recipe, and all of their recipes are made without grains.
However, the difference between Taste of the Wild and Blue Buffalo is relatively subtle.
Do you feed your dog foods manufactured by either of these brands? We'd love to hear about your experiences and impressions of the products. Let us know what recipe you feed your dog and all of the things you like about it, as well as those things you don't in the comments below.
Taste of the Wild Dog Food Reviews
How Much Should I Feed My Dog?
5 Best Automatic Dog Feeders for Large Dogs
Best Large Breed Puppy Food: 10 Top Foods for Growing Pups
American Bulldog vs Pitbull: Key Differences and Comparisons
Best Dog Food for Goldendoodles in 2020 [Puppies, Seniors, and Minis]
5 Best Dog Foods for Shedding in 2020 – Reviews and Guide
7 Best Hypoallergenic Dog Food for Allergies in 2020


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Fekadu W. Debebe |Cerritos, California| Dec 22'2017
Gerontology 400
California state University, Long Beach.
Fictional Meandering letter to my future grandchildren.
Closing my eyes and thinking more about how it will look like when I get older, I would say it will be very interesting. I think it is a blessing to reach to the last stage of the human life cycle because there are many people who didn't make it to that stage. To my experience, aging shouldn't be a worrying thought, rather it should be a sign of accomplishment in a long journey. It is really a best experience to dream about aging, it is like building a future model of myself or looking in to myself in virtual mirror or flying in a time machine. Now, I am imagining that I am 80 years young, but I am running out of time to finish all the works that I started when I was a teenager. Meanwhile, my grandchildren have been asking me to write about me and my life. Therefore, I will dispense the following meandering experiences to address what life has meant to me, the changes in my body over the years, and how wise I am based on my own delusions.
(Read More ...)
To me, life has been full of ups and downs, but I have accomplished lots of achievements throughout these periods. The meaning of life is so complicated that it differs from person to person. For me, life has been pursuing education, work, leisure, and family time over the different stages of my life. I know that an old age is the time that we face the ultimate truth, death, face to face. For those of us who managed to live properly, life is so meaningful and old age means more comfortable of being ourselves. So, I don't want to deny aging or death, rather I accept the reality of the human life cycle. In my early 20's, I haven't done that much to build social relationships or financial strengths. My biggest achievement during my 20's was all about sport activities that I still hold on to it. But as I grow up physically and mentally, I started to build my socioeconomic potentials in line with my physical wellbeing's. My late 30's was very memorable, and I started to lay the foundation of my success story during this phase my life cycle. Oh, when I say life cycle, I mean the stages of childhood, adulthood, old age, and death. By the way, do you know which stage I like the most? The old age, because there is no stress; I have grandchildren; I have more time for the loved ones; I can participate in different voluntary activities; and I get senior discounts and benefits as well.
It was in my late 30's that I started to build a financial strength, created saving accounts, started to save for retirement and get married. Besides, I was working for a big corporate company as an electrical engineer and I was getting a descent salary comparing to what the average Americans were making. I have been saving money for my retirement and investing money in different stock markets and working so hard. Despite the fact that some people thinks the ageing population will incur challenges for the pension systems, I have been paying taxes and saving money while I was working, and I have done my due diligence. Therefore, I don't feel that I am incurring challenges to the pension systems. Moreover, I am living a very decent retirement life and unlike most retired Americans, I do not sit down and watch movies 48 hours a week; rather, I am traveling to different continents and volunteering as a guest instructor in different universities and colleges. In addition, I still hold on to the values of leisure and religion. I love to go to churches, not only to attend a worship service or for religious purpose but also for social interactions as well. Therefore, I would say that life was challenging but beautiful to me.
When it comes to the changes in my body over the time, I have observed that my everyday intelligence has been increasing in time, but my physical performances have been decreasing from time to time. In my early 20's I used to run fast but now I am walking slow. I think, it is a natural phenomenon that I can totally accept it as it is. It is the result of the "wear-and-tear theory of aging." However, in my 20's or 30's, I didn't have the experiences and intelligence that I have now. My intelligence has been increasing dramatically that makes me feel mentally strong now. I know that my physical strength is depreciating through time, but I am going through a healthy old age.
How wise I am based on the current socioeconomic conditions? I would say I have been very wise. In their work, Aging Concepts and Controversies, Moody, H. and Sasser, J. said, "… an optimistic hope about aging: a long, healthy existence followed by an abrupt end of life, with no decline." (Moody and Sasser) That is exactly what I am going through. I was able to live a healthy life, possessed PHD in my early 40's, I have done number of valuable researches and case studies, and I have been living a beautiful life with all my grandchildren in a beautiful home by the sea in California. Don't you think that I am so wise? Oh, most importantly, I have also saved lots money for you, my grandchildren, that you can use it to help your higher education tuitions and eat out and have fun whenever possible or enjoy early morning coffee at Starbucks every day. I know you all do not have enough time to relax therefore the money should be more than enough to all of you. I think, I have been wise, and I feel satisfied with what I have accomplished in my life. Only wise and healthy people will be happy at their final stage of their life cycle. Remember, I was the only one eating all those salads growing in our backyard. If you want to feel strong and energetic, go get those salads.
Finally, it was my pleasure to share a little bit of my life story with you, my grandchildren. I hope you will follow my footsteps to be successful in your life. Success doesn't happen by accidents, it needs lots of sacrifices and you must work hard and take some educated risks. Then, you will be happy and healthy. Yet, you have to understand that life is a long journey with lots of ups and downs. As Picasso said it, "it takes a long time to become young," that is why it took me 80 years to become young now. I hope I have left you all the legacy that will help you live a better life in your future. I hope that you will still remember this story even when you get older like me. Remember, the ultimate goal of my old age is nurturing and teaching you all my grandchildren.
God bless you,
Your grandpa loves you so much!
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December 2017


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Located at Child Development Center, Avaxat Elementary, 24300 Las Brisas Road, North Upper Parking Lot, Room 3
The Murrieta Valley Unified School District Parent Center provides low cost parenting programs. The Parent Center was developed to provide high quality educational support services to parents, professionals, and community members living and working in Southwest Riverside County. MVUSD was recognized by The American School Board Journal for its outstanding governance of the Parent Center program. The following basic and advanced parenting classes are available.To view these files, download the free Adobe® Acrobat® Reader
Parenting Classes- Class Now In Session Nurturing Parenting
Parent Project-A parenting class designed for parents struggling with strong-willed or out-of control pre-teens and teens. The course will focus on prevention of drugs/alcohol, improving child's grades and attendance, peer involvement and eliminating power struggles.
Nurturing Parenting -an interactive ten week class that will help you better understand your role as a parent. Helping strengthening your relationship and bond with your child. Learn new strategies and skills to improve your child's concerning behavior. Develop self-care, empathy, and self-awareness.
- Educate, Equip and Support consists of 11-13 sessions; each session is two hours and is offered only to parents/caregivers raising a child/youth with mental health and/or emotional challenges. Classes are designed to provide parents/caregivers with general education about children's, mental health challenges, parent to parent support and community resources.
- Parent/Caregiver Support Group-provides parents and caregivers who are raising a child/youth with mental health/emotional/behavioral challenges a safe place to vent, share support, information, solutions and resources.
- Common Sense Parenting- is a six week program that provides parents with a menu of proven techniques that will aid you in building good family relationships, parenting and correcting misbehavior, using consequences to improve behavior, and staying calm.
- Triple P Parenting suggest simple routines and small changes that can make a big difference to your family. The program consists of a total of eight classes, 2 hours each class. It helps you understand the way your family works and uses the things you already say, think , feel, and do in new ways that: create a supportive environment; encourage behavior you like; deal positively, consistently and decisively; with problem behavior; build positive relationship with your children, so that conflict can be resolved; plan ahead to avoid or manage potentially difficult situations; and take care of yourself as a parent.
- Incredible Years A series for parents of children birth through five years. This program strengthens parenting skills by focusing on play; praise and rewards; effective limit setting and dealing with noncompliance; and handling misbehavior, time out and preventative approaches. Canceled watch for Spring Class TBA
- Family Growth Groups facilitated by the MVUSD Mental Health Team, is a time for families of students receiving special education services to come together to learn skills needed for home, school and community. Be prepared for lots of interactive games, activities, crafts, and more as we grow together on each skill.
Kathleen Israelsen - Family Services Director, phone (951) 304-1623 ext: 2183
Last Modified Today at 1:43 PM


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Any luxury private charter broker will tell you that the experience is often determined by a combination of several choices. Many people chartering private yachts for one time events often end up becoming regular charterers because of the awesomely planned experience they had. The choices you make pre-charter can be the reason you join this club. Once you have the chosen the proper boat and destinations, that ideal vacation that you want for your family, colleagues or party can become more than just exhilarating if you make the following considerations when booking a luxury private charter service.
Although mainly under the purview of the boat owner and, perhaps, the captain, choosing the appropriate crew for your trip is crucial to everyone on the trip. While meeting with the broker, it is important to ask about the crew and get to examine its fit for your group. Not many people think about it early enough, but a more reserved captain and crew would not make the best fit for a relaxed party just seeking to have wild, memorable fun. The same comparison should be made when choosing a between a family vacation complete with the old people and a company trip including your bosses. The many repeat clients that many brokers recommend as references are those that rightly married their planned vacation with an able and ideal crew for their party.
Preference sheets
When booking a luxury private charter, you will be presented with a long questionnaire that stretches to several pages. Many people tend to quickly tick on the few things they consider essential in this list and forget to consult the party. It is not uncommon for a party to end up disappointed simply because you ticked only your preferences on this sheet. Ask the other people on the cruise what tastes they would love in cuisines, drinks, accommodation, facilities and even entertainment. It may seem like the yacht and trip are the main focus points, but the entire trip will be memorable based on the experiences. You would be surprised how many people end up being regular charterers simply because they loved the chef or the food on that particular trip.
On the preference sheet, don't forget to include specifics such as medical needs like insulin for that diabetic member or special needs features for that family member on a wheelchair.
Additional costs
Many charterers end up surprised or disappointed at the additional costs they incur on a trip. When booking a private luxury charter, consult with the broker or the captain on additional costs. Fuel, in particular, often surprises guests. A charterer may assume that they've been docked for two days and so the fuel costs are low. What they forget is that the cost of keeping on generators throughout the period increases fuel costs. The same happens when charterers want to dine offshore and don't consult with the captain on the extra charges they may incur. A good trip is often made on the foundation of such intricate details. Ensure you make a thorough job of selecting your vacation luxury private charter.Share


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From Cosmopolitan and ELLE to British Vogue and Marie Claire, I spent a year running about the city and working with the best in the business.
In June 2018 I began working on the Beauty Desk for HELLO! and Hello Fashion Monthly and that is where you will find me today.


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Unique challenges tend to arise when a family controls a business. Some questions that may emerge are: Which family member will lead the business? How will profit distributions be decided? How can a family member exit the business? Questions such as these are best handled in advance and through many discussions among family members. It may also be helpful to create a Family Charter to help answer some of the questions, which should provide mechanisms to address future questions as they arise.
Owning a business can be a valuable asset for a family, and not only because of the economic benefits; A family business can provide educational and personal growth opportunities for younger family members and also unique opportunities to strengthen family cohesion and pass a motivating heritage down to future generations.
But a family business can also generate tensions within that family. Siblings, cousins, and spouses may disagree about how the business should be run. One family member may have a greater or lesser need for personal cash flow and thus favor increased profit distributions or retention of profits to enable future growth. When it comes time for an elderly family member to retire from the company, the 'politics' of which younger relative succeeds can be controversial and even damaging to the family at large.
[Editor's Note: Check out "Family Governance is not Business Governance," and "Always Balance Family and Business in a Family-Owned Business," both by Bruce Werner].
Many families have used a family charter to codify the answers to such questions. More importantly, family charters document the method by which answers will be determined, since it is hard to know what questions may arise in the future. As challenging situations present themselves, a family will benefit from having a family charter to guide them as they address the situation.
Possibly the greatest lasting value derived from a family charter is family communication, which is necessary first to create the Charter and then to keep it current as the family (and business) grow and evolve. Indeed, for larger families or those with complex situations, it is recommended that a formal 'family meeting' or series of meetings be held, which are in some cases facilitated by counsel. Moreover, a family charter will often mandate regular family meetings (say, annually) to help drive family communications and build family bonds and trust.
In the context of a family business, 'family communication' means involving everyone in the information flow and discussions around the business and the family-business intersection. The family charter may help families talk through actual business events such as increased or decreased profits in the business, top-level hiring decisions, core business strategy, M&A, and large investments the business may make. Harmonious family communication starts with consistent and understandable information flows out of the business to the family. By contrast, poor communications within a family can engender a lack of trust between individuals and between branches. This has the potential to damage both the business and the family.
A family charter is likely to include sections detailing each of the following topics, and more:
Specific answers on these topics may be helpful to include in the family charter, particularly as representative examples to guide future generations.
A family charter should be broad and general in nature and should contain guidance on how to come to an answer on a particular question. Often such guidance will be about communications, voting rights or decision-making since the world will change and the family and the business will evolve in unexpected ways. A 'living' family charter that can evolve over time is likely to be more effective in future decades, and it can help to prevent mistrust among family members.
[Editor's Note: For more information on family business succession planning, read "Study Finds 4 of 5 U.S. Family Business Owners Lack Adequate Succession Plan" and "The Importance of Succession Planning for a Thriving Family Business"].
Once written and agreed upon, the family charter should not languish in a drawer or on a bookshelf. Take it out regularly, perhaps annually, and review it for current relevance. The Charter can create mechanisms whereby younger family members are made aware of the family charter and how it works. Such communications to younger family members might start in their mid- or late-teens, but how and when to start may be a decision best left to parents, with some guidance within the family charter itself.
Similarly, spouses can give rise to especially complex communications challenges. They should be included in family communications, and the charter may specifically address when they be pulled into the loop. A family charter might also recommend that participants request pre-nuptial agreements, or that spousal codicils be written in parallel to internal family agreements and trusts.
Family charters can also help to create family traditions and rituals, such as a regular party or vacation or the creation of documents to record the history of the family and the family business, or the preservation of family artifacts such as trinkets, equipment or even houses and factories that have been instrumental in the success of the family. Preservation of such items can be helpful to propagate the principles and values important to the family. The history of the family can exert a powerful influence upon distant-future descendants that helps them build happy and successful futures.
[Editor's Note: If interested in more information on this topic, check out "Family-Owned Business Transitions: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly"].
The above topics are a great start for discussion, but an effective family charter is as unique as the business and the people it serves. Be sure to talk to family-business-owning peers about if and how they have used a family charter and seek experienced professionals to help you create your own.
Pierre duPont is a Partner at Cerity Partners LLC, an SEC-Registered Investment Adviser. Cerity Partners' services may not be suitable for everyone. The information contained herein should not be construed as personalized investment or legal advice. There is no guarantee that the views and opinions expressed in this brochure will come to pass. Before making any decision or taking any action that may affect your family's finances, you should consult a qualified professional adviser. The information presented is subject to change without notice. For information pertaining to the registration status of Cerity Partners, please refer to the Investment Adviser Public Disclosure website (www.adviserinfo.sec.gov).
Pierre is an active mentor and investor in new and growing companies; a private banker and family wealth advisor for individuals; a strategy, finance and management consultant for mid-sized businesses and their owners; and a semi-retired entrepreneur. In his role as a Partner at Cerity Partners in New York City, he provides a variety of…
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text: The amount of wealth that is soon to be passed from one generation to the next is significant. The concern is whether the testamentary wishes of those who own this wealth are being met. According to Vancouver's Rennie Intelligence Division, $355 billion of free equity in homes is currently owned in Greater Vancouver, for example, which will be passed to the next generation in the foreseeable future. That doesn't include the other assets a person may have accumulated over time. An unwary elderly person with significant wealth can attract the interest of people with nefarious intentions, some of whom may be "trusted" confidantes or even family members. The potential for elder financial abuse is significant. \nHow it can start\nA trusted person (child, caregiver, advisor, family member, tradesperson, phishing scammer) becomes close to the elderly person, who often needs some form of assistance with the conduct of his/her daily life. That trusted person, in time, then begins to ask to "help" the elderly person with his/her personal financial matters.\nThe consequences of any of the signs listed below could result in financial loss if entered into without the full understanding of the elderly person. Ultimately, some of the elderly person's assets may go to someone whom they had inappropriately trusted with their finances, contrary to their testamentary wishes.\nThe signs\nFamilies with elderly members should be aware of the clues that there may be elder financial abuse going on, and they should investigate anything that seems suspicious. A few of the ways in which a trusted person may gain access to the elderly person's assets include:\n\n adding joint tenancy on residences, investment and bank accounts\n providing power of attorney or signing rights over assets\n signing over assets or control of assets to others\n co-signing on loans, often for family members \n\nPrevention\nSome ways to protect the elderly person and their family from elder financial abuse are to:\n\n understand the assets owned by the elderly person and the ownership structure\n document what his/her testamentary wishes are intended to be (usually defined in a will)\n seek qualified (legal) advice before signing over assets, adding a joint tenant or providing co-signing authority\n\nEnsure that, if any of the above arrangements are intended to be used for assets, the intent of ownership structure (including beneficial ownership and who will receive beneficial ownership upon death), is thoroughly documented. If needed, seek a trusted representative such as a professional trust company.\nKeep the conversation going\nAs an advisor, have you seen these types of situations arise? More importantly, what should, and can, you do? Post a comment below.\nDisclaimer\nThe views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect that of CPA Canada.


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The kangaroo is a marsupial from the family Macropodidae (macropods, meaning "large foot"). In common use the term is used to describe the largest species from this family, especially those of the genus Macropus: the red kangaroo, antilopine kangaroo, eastern grey kangaroo, and western grey kangaroo. Kangaroos are endemic to Australia.
As with the terms "wallaroo" and "wallaby", "kangaroo" refers to a polyphyletic grouping of species. They are distinguished according to size. The largest species in the family are called "kangaroos" and the smallest are generally called "wallabies". The term "wallaroos" refers to species of an intermediate size.
The large kangaroos have adapted much better than the smaller macropods to land clearing for pastoral agriculture and habitat changes brought to the Australian landscape by humans. Many of the smaller species are rare and endangered, while kangaroos are relatively plentiful.
More information on Kangaroos can be found on Wikipedia.


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The JOCCA PEVA Storage Items will help you to save space and keep your house neat and tidy. With multiple colours and sizes, you can make your choice among a wide range of variety.
Dimensions: 11*13*28 cm
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This JOCCA Storage Drawer matches perfectly with the 10 pocket shoe rack with reference OR005G