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Many aspects of human characteristics (such as height and eye color) are largely genetically determined. Psychology researchers, however, tend to be interested in dimensions that are relatively less determined by genetics—traits that subject more to environmental influences, such as how a person feels, acts, and thinks. Given that the degree of genetic determination appears to vary from one dimension to another (e.g., spatial skills versus language acquisition), how can one determine the relative influences of heredity and environment for various human characteristics, and how can one understand the complex relationship between them?
For example, Javier has two biological daughters who share the same biological mother. Both are tall, well mannered, and musically inclined. Despite these similarities, the older child appears socially reserved and quiet, while the younger one, who was born into the same family environment, seems more outgoing. In addition, one of his children has been diagnosed with a learning disability while the other seems exceptionally well-functioning cognitively. How can these similarities and differences between the two children be explained? One may think, ''Well, Javier is tall and he is also a talented musician himself, so these girls must have gotten these 'good genes' from Javier. And he is quite strict when it comes to disciplining his children, so that explains their good manners. But why is the younger one so sociable—and what about her learning disability? Maybe she hasn't been read to as much as the older one has.'' In essence, hereditary influences and various environmental factors in these children's lives are being weighed and analyzed in explaining the characteristics of these children.
The field of behavioral genetics aims at understanding the observable differences in a wide variety of human characteristics, typically by analyzing the contributions made by heredity and environment in the development of the characteristics in question. Although the research in behavioral genetics is ideologically and methodologically diverse, it is fair to state that it often helps one theorize how much heredity and environment contribute to an observed outcome, and how various factors may interact with each other to create a particular outcome. At the root of such research endeavors lies what is called the nature-nurture controversy.
What are the roles of heredity and environment in the development of various human characteristics? The nature-nurture controversy deals with this perennial question. The works by several early philosophers are often viewed as marking the beginning of this controversy. As early as the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries, philosophers such as René Descartes and Immanuel Kant argued that human cognition is largely reflective of genetically determined predispositions, since environmental factors do not adequately explain the variations in our cognitive capabilities. They therefore took the nativist perspective that humans are born with certain cognitive tendencies. By contrast, the clean slate view, proposed in 1690 by the British philosopher John Locke, focuses instead on the role of the surrounding environment in describing human thoughts. Locke compared the human mind to a piece of blank paper without any ideas written on it, and he suggested that only from experience do humans draw reason and knowledge. Following these diametrically opposed ideas, scientists have since extensively explored the roles of heredity and environment. Before describing such efforts in detail, it is useful to define relevant concepts.
Nature refers to heredity: the genetic makeup or "genotypes" (i.e., information encoded in DNA) an individual carries from the time of conception to the time of death. Heredity may range from genetic predispositions that are specific to each individual and that therefore potentially explain differences in individual characteristics (e.g., temperament), to those supposedly specific to certain groups and that therefore account for group differences in related characteristics (e.g., gender and height), and to those that are theorized to be shared by all humans and are generally thought to set humans apart from other species (e.g., the language acquisition device in humans).
The notion of nature, therefore, refers to the biologically prescribed tendencies and capabilities individuals possess, which may unfold themselves throughout the course of life.
Nurture, by contrast, refers to various external or environmental factors to which an individual is exposed from conception to death. These environmental factors involve several dimensions. For example, they include both physical environments (e.g., secondhand smoking and prenatal nutrition) and social environments (e.g., the media and peer pressure). Also, environmental factors vary in their immediacy to the individual; they involve multiple layers of forces, ranging from most immediate (e.g., families, friends, and neighborhoods) to larger contexts (e.g., school systems and local governments) to macro factors (e.g., international politics and global warming). To complicate matters even further, the factors in each of these layers influence and are influenced by elements within and outside of these layers. For example, the kind of peers a child is exposed to may depend on his or her parents' view of what ideal playmates are like, the local government's housing policies, and the history of race relations.
What Is the Controversy?
Despite its nomenclature, the nature-nurture controversy in its current state is less dichotomous than commonly believed. In other words, the term ''nature-nurture controversy'' suggests a polarization of nature and nurture; continuity and interaction, however, more aptly describe the central processes involved in this controversy. Therefore, it is not about whether either heredity or environment is solely responsible for observed outcomes. Rather, it is more about the extent to which these factors influence human development and the ways in which various factors influence each other.
For example, following the fifteen-person massacre committed by two boys at Columbine High School in Colorado in April 1999, the media were flooded with people offering their interpretations of what drove these high school students to commit this heinous and violent act. Some were quick to attribute the boys' actions to such environmental factors as inadequate parenting practices in their families and the violence prevalent and even glorified in the American media. Others, by contrast, were convinced that these boys were mentally ill as defined in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and that their ability to make responsible judgments had been impaired, perhaps due to a chemical imbalance to which they were genetically predisposed. Which argument is ''correct,'' according to most researchers? Probably neither. Most theorists agree that both nature and nurture are in tertwined and influence most aspects of human emotion, behavior, and cognition in some ways. Given the prevailing views in current psychology, most researchers would agree that the violent acts committed by these boys probably stemmed from an unfortunate interaction among various hereditary and environmental factors. Researchers, however, may disagree on (1) the extent to which heredity and environment each influences particular developmental outcomes and (2) the way in which a mixture of hereditary and environmental factors relate to each other. In other words, the controversy involves the extent of contribution as well as the nature of interaction among a variety of genetic and environmental forces. How do researchers address these issues?
Exploring Heredity and Environment: Research Methods
Since as early as the 1930s, researchers have attempted to estimate the contribution of hereditary and environmental factors to various aspects of human cognition, by comparing pairs of individuals varying in genetic relatedness. These studies are often called kinship studies, and twin studies and adoption studies represent two of the most common types of such studies. They have been extensively conducted to estimate the heritability of a wide variety of human characteristics.
In traditional twin studies, monozygotic (identical) twins and dizygotic (fraternal) twins are compared in terms of their emotional, behavioral, and cognitive similarities. In the process of cell divisions upon formation of a zygote, sometimes the resulting cells fully multiply and produce two identical babies; they are called monozygotic twins, since they come from a single zygote and are genetic ''carbon copies.'' In other words, any genetic information concerning physical and psychological predispositions should be exactly the same for these twins.
By contrast, dizygotic twins develop from two separate zygotes, as a result of two eggs being fertilized by two sperms independently. Consequently, the genetic profiles of the resultant babies are similar only to the extent that they share the same set of biological parents. By comparing the correlations of a particular dimension, such as intelligence test scores, between identical twins and those between fraternal twins, researchers can theoretically compute the relative influences of nature and nurture on the dimension. For example, Sandra Scarr reported an interesting finding in the book Intelligence, Heredity, and Environment. She found a correlation for IQ test scores of .86 for identical twins and .55 for fraternal twins, indicating
These children—slumdwellers in 18th-century London—faced few positive prospects as they grew to adulthood. Scientists and philosophers have long struggled with the debate as to how much environmental conditions, both positive and negative, influence individual development. (Archive/Hulton Getty Picture Library)
These children—slumdwellers in 18th-century London—faced few positive prospects as they grew to adulthood. Scientists and philosophers have long struggled with the debate as to how much environmental conditions, both positive and negative, influence individual development. (Archive/Hulton Getty Picture Library)
that identical twins' scores are more like one another than those of fraternal twins. Some influence of heredity, therefore, is evident. If IQ scores were 100 percent genetically determined, however, the correlation for identical twins would have been 1.00. In this example, therefore, heredity appears to play an important, but not definitive, role in explaining the determinants of what is measured through IQ tests.
In addition to these heritability estimates, researchers also study concordance rates: the rates at which both twins develop the same, specific characteristics. The absence or presence of a particular mental illness would be a good example. If both twins had clinical depression in all pairs examined in a study, then the concordance rate would be 100 percent for this sample. On the other hand, if all twins in a study had one individual with clinical depression and another with no depression, then the concordance rate is 0 percent. Reportedly, concordance rate for clinical depression is reportedly about 70 percent for identical twins and about 25 percent for fraternal twins. This appears to demonstrate a sizable genetic contribution involved in the development of depression.
Despite scholars' consensus that genetic contributions are not to be ignored, these correlational data are often believed to be exaggerated. Identical twins are genetically predisposed to a great deal of similarities, and, through a process known as reactive correlation, people around them tend to treat them similarly, which may help lead the twins to be similar beyond what their genetic profiles may warrant. The correlation of .86 between the IQ scores of identical twins, for example, may be contaminated with this reactive correlation. Identical twins encounter environmental experiences that are extremely similar to each other's, as the environment tends to react similarly to those who are genetically similar. As a result, for instance, adults and peers may treat identical twins similarly, and teachers may also develop similar expectations about these twins in terms of their emotional, behavioral, and cognitive functions. This similarity in environmental influences and expectations, therefore, may cause heritability estimates and concordance rates to be exaggerated.
Furthermore, the process of active correlation (or niche-picking) suggests the possibility that children's genetic predispositions cause them to seek particular environments, causing the differences in hereditary predispositions to be enhanced by the subsequent environmental exposure. If a child has the genetic predisposition to enjoy cognitive challenges, for example, that may prompt the child to seek situations, friends, and activities that suit this particular predisposition—provided that such choices are offered to the child. This child, therefore, may start out with a small genetically prompted inclination to want to use his or her ''brains,'' but such a tendency would subsequently be magnified through environmental influences.
Given the varying degrees of genetic similarities between identical and fraternal twins, these sources of confusion may theoretically become more consequential when twins grow up in the same family. This is because twins reared in the same family are typically subject to the same resources, parenting philosophy, living environments, and so on. Their genetic predispositions, therefore, are most likely promoted—or in-hibited—in similar ways. For example, if a pair of twins share the hereditary predispositions for musi-cality and their upper-middle-class parents own a piano and are interested in fostering musicality in these children, their musical potential will perhaps be cultivated in very similar ways. Specifically, their parents will probably get the same or similar piano te-acher(s) for them, and they will probably be encouraged to practice equally. Therefore, the genetic similarities between the twins are magnified by virtue of them growing up in the same household. How does one address these concerns? Adoption studies provide some answers.
Compared to traditional twin studies, adoption studies are theorized to offer better alternatives for separating hereditary influences from genetic ones. There are typically two variations in adoption studies: ones involving comparisons of identical twins reared apart and ones comparing the degree of similarity between adopted children and their biological and adoptive parents. Identical twins reared apart share genetic patterns with each other, yet they do not share the same environmental experiences. Adopted children, by contrast, typically share with the rest of the adoptive family similar environmental experiences but do not share any genes with them. The advantage of adoption studies is that researchers can reasonably estimate the heritability by comparing the herit-ability estimates and concordance rates of pairs of individuals varying in genetic relatedness and in environmental distance. A typical adoption study may involve, for instance, comparing the concordance rates for the following two pairs: a child and her biological parent (shared genes but not environments) versus the same child and her adoptive parents (shared environments but not genes). Though the estimates of hereditary influences are generally lower in adoption studies than in twin studies, adoption studies provide results that are largely consistent with twin studies. In a 1983 study, Sandra Scarr and Richard Weinberg found that the IQ scores of adopted children showed higher correlations with the IQ scores of their biological parents than with those of their adopted parents. Similarly, John Loehlin, Lee Willlerman, and Joseph Horn demonstrated through a 1988 study that in the area of clinical depression, adopted children tended to have much higher concordance rates with their biological relatives than with their adoptive relatives.
Still, many scholars argue that heritability may be overestimated in these studies. First, the reactive and active correlations discussed earlier would occur, to a degree, even if the twins were reared separately, as the twins share all of the hereditary predispositions. Second, one must also examine the possibility that parents may systematically treat their adoptive children differently than they do their biological children, which may explain the less-than-expected resemblance between children and their adoptive parents. Given that biologically related individuals tend to share greater hereditary similarities, it is fair to state that heritability estimates may be thrown off by environmental effects induced by particular genetic predispositions.
As illustrated so far, most psychology researchers are in agreement that heredity and environment both play significant roles in the development of various human traits. Researchers may disagree, however, on the extent to which heredity and environment contribute to the development of a particular dimension, and on how various factors may affect each other to create a certain human characteristic. Neither herita-bility estimates nor concordance rates provide useful information on the latter type of disagreement: how various hereditary and environmental factors interact with each other to result in a particular characteristic. Mental health, education, and applied psychology researchers are especially concerned about optimizing the developmental outcomes among people from all backgrounds. To this end, knowing that there is a .86 heritability estimate for IQ scores among identical twins, for example, is not particularly helpful in terms of establishing ways of maximizing the life choices and opportunities for individuals. In attaining such goals, it is crucial to understand how various factors relate to each other. Naturally, in order to do so, one must first identify which factors are involved in the development of a given trait. Unfortunately, researchers have had very limited success in identifying specific genetic patterns that influence particular psychological and behavioral characteristics.
Nevertheless, this is not to suggest that one should ignore the role of heredity as reflected in heri-tability estimates altogether and focus on optimizing the environmental factors for every child. Heredity, as has been examined, undoubtedly contributes to the development of various human traits. Also, researchers exploring environmental influences have found that contrary to what most theorists expected, environmental factors that are shared by reared-together twins do not appear to be relevant in explaining the development of particular traits. It is therefore unlikely that exposing every child to a ''one size fits all'' environment designed to foster a particular trait, would benefit everyone equally. Some may react favorably to such an environment, while others may not react to it at all; there may be yet others who react negatively to the same environment. The notion of ''range of reaction'' helps us conceptualize the complex relationship between heredity and environment; people with varying genetically influenced predispositions respond differently to environments. As suggested by Douglas Wahlsten in a 1994 article in Canadian Psychology, an identical environment can elicit different reactions in different individuals, due to variations in their genetic predispositions. In a hypothetical scenario, Wahlsten suggested that increasing intellectual stimulation should help increase cognitive performances of some children. Moderate, rather than high, levels of intellectual stimulation may, however, induce optimal cognitive performances in others. By contrast, the same moderate levels of stimulation may actually cause some children to display cognitive performances that are even worse than how they performed in a minimally stimulating environment. In addition, the ''optimal'' or ''minimal'' performance levels may be different for various individuals, depending on their genetic makeup and other factors in their lives. This example illustrates the individual differences in ranges of reaction; there is no ''recipe'' for creating environments that facilitate the development of particular characteristics in everyone. Heredity via environment, rather than heredity versus environment, therefore, may better characterize this perspective.
These views are consistent with the 1990s' backlash against the view that was prevalent in the mid- to late twentieth century among many clinical psychologists, social workers, and educators, who focused solely on environmental factors while discounting the contributions of hereditary factors. Among the theories they advocated were that gay males decidedly come from families with domineering mothers and no prominent masculine figures, that poor academic performances result from lack of intellectual stimulation in early childhood, and that autism stems from poor parenting practices. Not surprisingly, empirical data do not support these theories. Still, people often continue to believe, to some extent, that proper environments can prevent and ''cure'' these nonnormative characteristics, not realizing that heredity may play significant roles in the development of these traits.
Some scholars believe that this ''radical environmentalist'' view found its popularity in the 1950s as a reaction to racist Nazi thinking, which held that some groups of individuals are genetically inferior to others and that the undesirable traits they are perceived to possess cannot be prevented or modified. These assumptions are harmful, as they limit the opportunities for advancement of some people, strictly because of their membership in a stigmatized group. It is nevertheless important to reiterate that individual differences, as opposed to group differences, in genetic predispositions are evident in the development of most emotional, behavioral, and cognitive traits. With this in mind, it is also important to realize that focusing on optimizing environmental influences while ignoring hereditary influences may lead to the neglect of the developmental needs of some individuals, and it may be just as harmful in some cases as focusing exclusively on hereditary influences.
See also: PHENOTYPE
American Psychiatric Association. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
Bronfenbrenner, Urie. The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979.
Efran, Jay, Mitchell Greene, and Robert Gordon. "Lessons of the New Genetics.'' Family Therapy Networker 22 (1998):26—41.
Locke, John. "Some Thoughts concerning Education.'' In R. H. Quick ed., Locke on Education. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press, 1892.
Loehlin, John, Lee Willerman, and Joseph Horn. "Human Behavior Genetics.'' Annual Review of Psychology 38 (1988):101-133.
Lykken, David. The Antisocial Personality. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1995.
McGee, Mark, and Thomas Bouchard. "Genetics and Environmental Influences on Human Behavioral Differences.'' Annual Review of Neuroscience 21 (1998):1—24.
McGuffin, Peter, and Michael Pargeant. "Major Affective Disorder.'' In Peter McGuffin and Robin Murray eds., The New Genetics of Mental Illness. London: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1991.
Newman, H. H., F. N. Freeman, and K. J. Holzinger. Twins: A Study of Heredity and Environment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1937.
Plomin, R. Genetics and Experience: The Interplay between Nature and Nurture. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1994.
Plomin, Robert, J. C. DeFries, and John Loehlin. "Genotype-Environment Interaction and Correlation in the Analysis of Human Behavior.'' Psychological Bulletin 84 (1977):309-322.
Scarr, Sandra. ''Behavior-Genetic and Socialization Theories of Intelligence: Truce and Reconciliation.'' In R. J. Sternberg and E. L. Grigorenko eds., Intelligence, Heredity, and Environment. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Scarr, Sandra, and Richard Weinberg. "The Minnesota Adoption Studies: Genetic Differences and Malleability." Child Development 54 (1983):260-267.
Waddington, C. H. The Strategy of the Genes. London: Allen and Unwin, 1957.
Wahlstein, Douglas. ''The Intelligence of Heritability.'' Canadian Psychology 35 (1994):244-259.
Daisuke Akiba
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There are so many dental diseases you obtain when you don't take quality care of your teeth. But there is a silent threat to your oral health, and its name is gingivitis. It is known as a quiet disease because it tends to sneak up on you when you least expect it. Gingivitis prevention is the perfect defense against this disease ready to infect your smile. You wouldn't want your smile to be infested with bleeding gums or not enjoy ice cream due to the increased tooth sensitivity gingivitis brings with it. The most obvious technique for prevention is to stay alert for the signs of the periodontal disease and keep up with your daily dental routine, along with regular dental visits.
What is Gingivitis?
Gingivitis is a gum disease (periodontal disease) that causes redness, swelling, and discomfort in the gum areas. As a standalone disease, gingivitis is mild but if left untreated, the condition becomes more dangerous, leading to gum diseases such as periodontitis, and later, tooth loss. In the realm of oral diseases, few are more common and irritating than gingivitis.
Common causes of gingivitis
The most common cause of gingivitis is a patient possessing poor oral hygiene. The symptoms are most evident within the gums themselves. Healthy gums are characterized by a firm and pale pink appearance. If the case of gingivitis, gums are dark red and puffy, recede, and are prone to bleeding easily. Those affected by gingivitis also experience the symptoms of bad breath. Despite the physical changes, however, gingivitis is not characterized as being sensitive or painful, outside of some tenderness.
One of the largest factors that accelerates gingivitis is plaque, which is a sticky translucent white film that is comprised of bacteria. Plaque is the result of foods that contain starches and sugars interacting with bacteria found inside a patient's mouth. While a regular routine (at least twice a day) of brushing one's teeth and flossing is important to this removal, a regular oral care schedule is necessary as plaque can reform on teeth within 24 hours.
Plaque involvement
Plaque needs to be removed from teeth daily because of prolonged exposure to teeth causes it to harden and form into tartar, otherwise known as calculus.
Tartar is difficult to remove (requiring a professional dental cleaner or exam to scrape tartar) as it creates a retaining shield for bacteria, keeping the harmful properties to eat away at teeth and cause decay. Even if teeth are kept clean, saliva also creates plaque due to its high mineral content, which continues to wear away at teeth.
Signs of gingivitis
While it is a silent disease, there are still clear signs this disease has taken over your teeth health. Gums affected by gingivitis display a number of noticeable symptoms:
- Bad breath, also known as "halitosis"
- Changes in gum coloration from pink to red
- Gum issues including bleeding, irritation, puffiness, recession, redness, softness, swelling, tenderness, and increased sensitivity
Gums tend to bleed more easily during brushing and flossing as demonstrated through a reddish discoloration on the toothbrush.
Silent symptoms
Because of these milder symptoms, people may not immediately notice a problem with their gums or may dismiss it as a minor condition. The first symptoms of gingivitis are the addition of plaque on the teeth. If left untreated, gingivitis leads to severe gum diseases and eventually, tooth loss.
While poor oral health habits are the largest culprit for this disease, there are other conditions such as age, nutrition habits, medical conditions such as diabetes, a decreased immune system, viral or fungal infections, hormonal changes, tobacco or substance abuse, or certain medications.
Your Guide to Gingivitis Prevention
If the signs and symptoms have made you fearful of this disease, it's time to take charge to prevent this periodontal disease from invading your mouth. Taking action against gingivitis helps your mouth stay healthy, and your smile stay beautiful.
Fortunately, gingivitis is easily treatable if caught and treated early. For that reason, dentists recommend that patients schedule regular checkups to identify oral issues such as gingivitis, tooth decay, cavities and other dental conditions before more severe problems manifest.
Even if you're not one hundred percent sure it is gingivitis, check for any abnormalities or discoloration in the teeth and gum lines by scheduling a dentist appointment. Not only is regular oral maintenance a good practice, but it also helps to reverse harmful conditions such as gingivitis.
Practice good habits
It is essential to practice good habits such as abstaining from tobacco products and drug abuse, eating properly, keeping aware of hormonal changes that can change body chemistry, and maintaining a proper and healthy diet. Factors may include age and diabetes, as well as the effects that certain medications may cause so ensure dental fixtures fit properly.
Have a terrific daily dental routine
Simple regular care is always the best resource. Brushing teeth and flossing at least twice a day provides a great preventative measure. Good oral health habits, such as cleaning at least twice a day, flossing daily and getting regular dental checkups, can help prevent gingivitis, as well as the development of other symptoms.
Set up routine dental check-ups
By being a smart patient, and taking regular care of oneself, preventing symptoms such as gingivitis can be as natural as brushing your teeth. A dentist can help to discuss treatment options while suggestion options for self-care at home between appointments to restore teeth back to their original and healthier state.
Your Dentist at Cabrillo Family Dental Care is on Your Team for the Gingivitis Fight
Setting up an appointment with the periodontist in Pacifica, CA to learn techniques to prevent gingivitis from occurring. Our caring staff will make it their goal to help you avoid periodontal diseases. Schedule an appointment with us today!


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Many of us are familiar with the term "Batch Reclass" from our other accounting software. Xero has introduced "Find and Recode" which is a powerful feature. Find and Recode lets you quickly find and recode transactions in Xero. In short, you run a search with many options for what you can search on. Xero runs your query and then gives you a list with checkboxes and of course the ability to sort by the columns. This allows you to quickly find and recode transactions in Xero by selecting the ones you want to change, and then changing them either via journal entry or by changing the source transactions. You can only change to one set of destination criteria at once. For example in the video here you'll see that I am changing a set of 9 transactions from one account to another. When you find and recode transactions in Xero you can change the account, the name, and the tax code. You can also change tracking codes of you are using those.
The best way to learn how to find and recode transactions in Xero is to use the demo company. In fact use what we went over in my last post on importing banking transactions in Xero to import a series of transactions into the demo company. Then find and recode transactions in Xero by moving them into another account, or changing the names etc.. I am sure once you play around with the find and recode transactions feature you will find it's easy and it makes a lot of sense.
Find and Recode is one of several recently added features in Xero. Stay tuned because we have more great content coming on Xero. As always if you have any questions on how to find and recode transactions in Xero please post them in the comments below.
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Home | Portfolio | homes: born and reincarnated
On the slopes of Ta' l-Ibragg, in the midst of a quiet residential area, lies an unoccupied new house. A house without an occupant, a shell form calling out for an owner to be able to complete ots final metamorphosis into a home. Opposite the sloping road stand a couple, whose wanderings have left them yearning for that place. Their special place where they can root and grow.
Standing at this threshold is a potential for the realisation of a new bond. The fruit of which is the creation of bridge between matter and people that connects the present with the future. Thus the home gives a sense of the heart of a tree pointing towards the various parts of the house like lights at the end of a tunnel. The ground floor area keeps this theme and adapts itself to needs of simplicity and open plan living that connect the kitchen, dining, living and outdoor spaces. Beneath the roots, one descends to the cavernous basement that will allow the owners and their guests to enjoy the entertainment area. The house opens out to the outdoor spaces where new life is given to the concrete walls and floors. From the timber outdoor dining one goes over the gentle slope with grass, trees and other flora that circle around the pool area with its spaces that open to the light of the sun. The central heart also leads its spaces above where the more private spaces of the bedrooms and studio are situated. The timber remains present in those places where the owners and the home will interact. The final presence of this is in the roof terrace where it will welcome people to the outdoor seating area and screen the services from which the whole house, that like an organism will draw its energy from the constant cycles of the sun.
Photography: Peter Mark Mercieca


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GOClever Navio2 540 FE Sat Nav
Technical data
Screen size diagonal (cm) 12.7 cm
– Maps pre-installed by Europe
– Worldwide maps can be downloaded
– Lifelong free map update
800MHz processor (Cortex A7)
Fast, accurate and easy to use – discover the new NAVIO 540.
The NAVIO 540 GPS Sat Nav is the best way to sucessfully reach your destination. The Sat Nav is designed for users, who appreciate comfort and security while travelling. A fast multichannel GPS receiver ensures a secure feeling, allowing you to adjust your position precisely even when the signal is low. The highest sensitivity in this range of devices. Furthermore, an extensive battery is at your disposal, allowing you to use the sat nav even an hour after you shut off the engine.
LCD – 12.7 cm (5?) TFT LCD 480×272
CPU – Mstar MSB2531 800MHz (Cortex A7)
OS – Windows CE 6.0
4GB MLC NAND Flash
Mstar MSR2112 32 Channels (chipset)-161 dBm
microSD HC to 8GB
Audio mini-jack, miniUSB 2.0
Battery – 950mAh.
Sat Nav
User manual
A new, unused item with absolutely no signs of wear. The item may be missing the original packaging, or in the original packaging but not sealed.


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This article was originally published on Ferretbrain. I've backdated it to its original Ferretbrain publication date but it may have been edited and amended since its original appearance.
Two British gentlemen go on a camping holiday in the west of Ireland, and exploring the region they are staying in discover a massive pit and, overhanging the edge of it, some crumbling ruins. There they discover the diary left behind by an unnamed recluse, who along with his sister Mary and faithful dog Pepper was among the last residents of the old house, having moved there to try and get away from a great and terrible grief.
However, it transpires that the house is – through whatever means – aligned with other planes and dimensions, whose inhabitants eventually take an interest in the recluse. He is gifted with cosmic visions of other realms of existence, of the fate of the Solar System and the grand Central Suns about which all others orbit, of the Sea of Sleep where even his dead love can be found… but he's been noticed. At first the outside influences take the form of an attack on the house of a horde of humanoid pig monsters that are not unfamiliar from subsequent stories by William Hope Hodgson, but more subtle dangers soon also threaten.
It's the piggies people largely remember about The House On the Borderland, largely because they occupy by far the most conventional stretch of the narrative, the good old "besieged by ravening savages" adventure story trope rendered less problematic by said savages being alien avatars of ultimate cosmic evil instead of cartoon caricatures of human beings. Even then, though, there's much more going on than meets the eye; as well as strange subterranean activities that for the most part we never get a good glimpse of, Mary behaves really quite strangely during the attacks.


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Check out #FacesOfPinnacle on Twitter and Facebook to see what our customers have to say about our Sage 200 Support team.


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Charles Manson – "Peace in Your Heart"
Charles Manson – Peace in Your Heart
Gravado em Vacaville (Vacaville Medical Facility) em Abril de 1985.
Lançado em 1994 para comemorar o 60º aniversário de Charles Manson.
We'll make us some money
Make the world look funny
As they glance on through a burning asshole
Down to the castles of the vampire dreams
And you know Frankenstein I am
Mean man in a can
Way down on that lonesome road
Where nobody goes, it's a terrible thing
It's just the peace in your heart you know
It's just the peace in your heart that you're playing like a part
Of another world someplace somewhere
As if there was another dream way beyond what you see
Moving right in your mind right there
You've got Christ on twice
Got the rivers on boats and then you're floatin' down the stream
Yeah youre floatin' like an old goat on Bill Grogan's goat
Wasn't feeling mighty fine in the rain
Bill Grogan's on goat and it's tied to the railroad train
You coughed him up a can and you threw away the man
And then you flagged him on down again
Around and round again around and round again
Once on friend like a brother coming in and then
I'm back on my round Again
All down people all down on the down you know what is down on the slide
And everyone told you and everyone told you and everybody told a goddamn Lie
They were lying and the cheat laying in the graves
Way down in the Devil's Hole
He was down with the soul where you do what you're told
Or you die and you never get back again
Yeah on a riverboat ride down to the world you say what you are
Like you said something to some dollar bill
on somebody on somebody else's star
You was ringin' em thing and then am swingin' em ding ah na na
Riding Harley on a Charlie on a Ho Minh Chin trail
Down in a outlaw bout on a mafioso
Motherfucker till ya godfathers met on a telephone ride
You seeing how much you got to spend
He said you keeping my money from acting kinda funny
And ya calling me back to play like your honey
And it comes around and you jump like easter bunny in my mind
Yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah
I been down through that old hat dreams on fine and you
You been playing behind yourself you double dirty crossing you dog
You lied and snitched and ran off
Left your father in a grave,
In a grave
He had died and burned in the fire lying there Nuremburg
Freeing bird purest word down on it studersburg(?)
Dreams on the sky said to fly higher than your eye
Beyond everything you ever thought a dream
In your mind I can shine
Way beyond thought
Way beyond to my lizard
And my spiders on my rock
And my deepest down deeper
Than my Devil's Hole
And I cried down again
I said goddamn you lost your soul
You sold out you damn fool
What you end up with
Somebody's rule
You got to play evil
And down in sin
You got to be there
Truss it back again
Cut it on down
Bring it around
And let me go on
To my home where I love
Down on anywhere's OK
I'm just livin' in my own motherfuckin' dream
You've been walking every goddamn day
In my motherfuckin' day death row
Down on the hole
Fix the green submarines you jellybean jerkin' jeans
Down through everybody's mind can't you see
Geneva on the M.X. riding on the world free
How come you wont let me back in and live what I earned. I earned my way
Out of this goddamn can. I told you I didn't break your motherfuckin'
Law. you goddamn fool. 1776, you think I'm gonna die for that again?
Fuck you! you carry it back. you carry that motherfucker back one time.
And then bring it on back to my city in my rhyme and play like you're
Something over me, fool. I'll take my pistol and teach you a rule.
Down through my outlaw swing on a noose
You think I was playing fancy fantail with your bridge party and your
Mother Goose
You better get down on your spiritual mind
Try back through samurai
Moving on a shallow wish know I
Arrows arrows
Sweet purple bug brain
All slave to the one self of all god is all in the wisdom of the one
That lives down inside of you, fool
Don't keep trying to take me back to school
Teach me whose motherfuckin' rule
I read that book crook
I took another look
To seeing the cement was even dying under your feets
And the walls had great cracks
And then you play like your wisdom was God's on some summer mind's
And then you told somebody you drank another bottle of scotch
Then I took up on my Cutty Sark
And I flew around the world on a drunk ride
© 2009 ATWA Brasil


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Triumph Spitfire EV Conversion: The Donor Car
June 29, 2018
It was always going to be a project, but I didn't quite realize how much of a project it was going to become. It leaked gas and oil, refused to start often, overheated easily, and rattled uncontrollably over 30 mph, but it was still fun to drive and it would provide me something to wrench on in my spare time.
My dad had Triumphs when he was about my age, and I remember him playing around with his cherry red TR6 in the driveway when I was young. They've always had a special place in my heart, so the Spitfire was a natural choice when looking for a a project car/weekend driver.


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For the
widest selection of shooting and fishing books,
Click Here
Ask a dozen different
waterfowlers what a waterfowling kit should consist of and you will
probably get twelve different answers I seriously doubt that you
could get a minimum of three waterfowlers to agree completely on
what a good waterfowling kit should consist of. There will always be
a few items that some will insist on having, while others will just
consider it excess baggage and weight.
There are, however, a
number of items that all of us would probably agree are handy, if
not necessary. I'll give a list of a few items that I take with my
routinely. Most, if not all, of these items fit in a plastic,
waterproof utility box that is roughly 32cm x19cm x 20cm. This box
fits nicely under the front seat of my boat. It is a simple matter
to remove it from the boat and store it in my SUV for the duration
of the season while not hunting, so it is never forgotten at home in
the event that I am using a different boat. In addition to being
stored in a waterproof box, each item is also stored in a self
sealing (resalable) plastic bag.
The first item I have is
a map of the area I intend to hunt. I laminate these myself, and use
a magic marker pen (dry, erasable) to make notes as the season goes
on, such as areas with low water, poor cover, etc. I also carry a
copy of the rules and regulations for that season. These come in
handy for listing shooting times, season dates, etc. If one were to
hunt in an area that was affected by the tides, I would laminate a
tide table and have that information handy as well.
A map is rarely any good
if one doesn't know direction, so a good compass is a must as well.
I prefer the military-style Lensatic type; they fold up into a neat,
small package and take up little space, and can be carefully stored
away until needed. Some might suggest a GPS as well, and I do carry
one, but if I was limited to one or the other I would forgo the GPS
in favor of the compass. Why? Isn't the GPS easier to use? Yes, it
is. I will draw you a map directly back to where you need to be.
However, in order for a GPS to function it depends on a few
variables, such as batteries and having an adequate number of
satellites available at a given moment to fix a point from. Both
have given me problems in the past, and I had to use my "fall back"
plan.....a compass....to help me find my way.
Flashlights (Torches)
are a must for a duck hunter. From finding your way to your blind or
hide to finding the car keys that you just dropped, I seriously
doubt that there is a fowler out there who hasn't cursed the
darkness because of the lack of a usable torch.
But what type of
flashlight is the best? There are several models, from bigguns' that
use camping batteries for a power source to tiny ones that fit on a
key ring. My favorite for hunting is a model that straps to your
head, similar to a miner's light. Over the years I have found them
to be most advantageous; they allow me free use of BOTH of my hands
while piloting the boat, putting up a blind, fixing equipment, or
setting out decoys. The light can be directed to shine where ever I
am looking.....a big plus when trying to read signs when finding a
specific spot on the managed areas. After once dropping a flashlight
while setting out decoys and having some difficulty finding my way
back to shore, I decided it was probably a good idea to carry a
spare on my person at all times. I found that the small "minimag"
flashlights to be just the ticket! It is light weight and fits in
the breast pocket of my hunting jacket. Should my headlight fail,
have another light source readily at hand. In addition to a spare
torch, I also carry a small package of batteries. Currently, these
are AA size. In addition to fitting in both flashlights, they can
also be use to power up a dead GPS, among other things.
It's no fun being cold,
and there are a number of goodies that I have in my kit to help
stave off the elements. First are my handwarmers. I have two of
these and they use a solid fuel stick to provide warmth. One in a
breast pocket and another in a pocket where I keep a hand can help
me stay afield and hunt longer. They last about 4 hours per stick,
and I carry extra sticks as well as two butane lighters to in a
plastic bag. The lighters will consistently light in a wind, even if
it's wet. They can also be used in an emergency situation to start a
fire to stay warm and signal for help. I also have a pair of
neoprene gloves that I use when picking up decoys. They keep my
fingers and hands from getting soaked and turning numb while driving
the boat back to the launch.
One item I have found to
be extremely handy is the Leatherman tool. For those of you who are
unfamiliar with this device, the Leatherman is like a Swiss army
knife on steroids! It folds up compactly to the size of a pack of
cigarettes, yet has a blade, screw driver blades (including regular
and Phillips), awl, pliers, wire cutters, file, etc. I have used
this tool numerous times in the field to fix guns, outboards,
trailer lights, decoys, .........the list goes on and on. While I
use the Leatherman for most of my chores, I also carry along a Swiss
army knife as well; what I can't do with the Leatherman, I can
usually fix with the Swiss army knife. It has a tweezers for
removing splinters, a saw blade, small scissors, etc. I also have
with me a small stash of spare parts that might come in handy:
cotter pins, shear pins, nuts, bolts, screws, a small roll of
electrical tape, and other "knick knacks" that might come in handy.
I also have a larger kit in my vehicle with such things as a roll of
wire, light bulbs for the trailer, wheel bearings & grease, gasoline
hose clamps, etc., for more complicated repairs.
Nothing can ruin a hunt
faster than being unprepared for a medical situation, even a minor
one. Such things as an insect sting, headache, diarrhoea, or a small
cut can ruin a great day afield in short order. While perusing the
tables at a local gun show several years ago, I cam across a fellow
who was selling small, personal first aid containers. They were a
little smaller than a pack of cigarettes, made of canvas with a
zipper, and had a red cross on them. They also had a belt loop so
they could be carried afield. I bought one and surprised myself at
the amount of usable "stuff" that could be carried in its tiny
space. This little satchel will hold a couple of Band-Aids, a small
foil packet of antibiotic ointment, a couple of alcohol swabs, a
couple of 2x2 gauzes, a small roll of tape, a dose of aspirin, a
dose of Pepto-Bismol, a dose of antidiarrheal medication, an
Alka-Seltzer tablet, and some throat lozenges. The medications are
single dose and come in plastic or foil packets and are easily
obtained from most gas stations and convenience stores. With this
little "doctor bag", most minor medical complaints can be dealt with
effectively, saving the hunt.
Just as with the tool
kit, I keep a larger medical bag stowed in my vehicle. It contains
such items as eye shields, iodine, more gauze, larger bandages,
hydrogen peroxide, rubber gloves, various ointments, etc. It is
larger than the one I take with me in the marsh, but is small enough
to fit under the seat. Some medical kits I have seen would have
given the owner the ability to do brain surgery afield; they contain
a host of items that lay people really shouldn't have, such as
scalpels, hemostats, and suture material! Remember: it's called
"first aid" for a reason! It is initial treatment used to stabilize
a wound or condition until further and more extensive medical care
can be given. One final note: first aid kits are virtually useless
unless you know how to apply them. The time to learn first aid is
not during the hunt, but before. Reading up on it now can save time
and anxious moments later. Even if you do know first aid, it is a
good idea to refresh you memory from time to time.
One last item that I
keep in my vehicle throughout the duck hunting season is my "dry
bag". This is a small duffle that consists of dry clothing should I
happen to take a tumble into the drink somewhere along the line. At
it's best, a cold water dunking can make you miserable; at it's
worst, it can cause hypothermia and kill you. My "dry bag" is
nothing more than one of my daughter's old school backpacks that she
doesn't use anymore (no laughing at the Tweety on the flap!). Inside
I carry a spare pair of polypropylene underwear (tops and bottoms),
a pair of skivvies, a sweat shirt, sweat pants, a pair of wool
socks, two terrycloth towels, and a plastic garbage bag (for putting
the wet clothes in). I have only had to use this kit twice, and both
times it was a godsend! The first time was when we took an actual
dunking; our canoe flipped on our way out of the marsh, and by the
time we got back to the launch my friend and I were both shivering
uncontrollably. I changed into my dry cloths, while the best my
friend could do was wring out what he was wearing. Even with the
car's heater going full blast, he was shivering when we got back to
my house some 45 minutes to an hour later. The second time was after
a heavy downpour, and both my friend and I were soaked to the bone
by the time we got to the parking area. This time we both had our
dry bags and we were both comfortable, warm, and dry on the trip
kitI carry a few other
odds and ends in my kit as well: a small pair of binoculars, a
pencil and pad of paper, a couple of granola bars, and a few strap
anchors for the couple that seem to disappear every year off my
decoys, a small pack of facial tissue (good for wiping your nose,
your backside, or for use as tinder for starting an emergency fire).
These are but a few of the many items I take with me. However, I
feel that those items I listed in the previous paragraphs are a good
basis for building a kit that can make your waterfowling forays more
safe and enjoyable in the years to come.


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As a follow up to my article on rentals Las Vegas I found this and wanted to link to it.
The market for apartment rental Las Vegas is booming as it is all over the country. Gen Y — those between 18 and 30– seems to be behind the high demand for apartments. They want to rent not own according to the folks at https://www.startribune.com/business/124890599.html.
So far this year this group makes up more than half of all the renters in the country. This information was released at the National Apartment Association Education Conference and Exposition in Las Vegas.
How about you? Any luck finding rentals Las Vegas? Comment below.
*** If you'd like some help finding an apartment in Las Vegas, I've got a whole staff of people standing by to help you for free. Call one of our apartment experts at 877-676-1301.
Or, click here: https://www.aptslasvegas.com/discover-las-vegas-apartments
[Image credit: 17258892@N05]


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LSD has had a colorful history since its accidental discovery by Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann. Cycling around the picturesque city of Basel while experiencing the world's first acid trip in 1943, he could hardly have imagined that his "problem child" would soon fuel a countercultural revolution. However, with the 60s now a fading memory and LSD firmly outlawed, opportunities for proper scientific research into the drug's effects have been severely restricted, opening up an information black hole that has largely been filled with myths and hearsay.
Yet as the moratorium on LSD research begins to thaw, scientists are finally starting to dispel some widely believed misnomers regarding acid.
Myth one: LSD causes psychosis
In the early days of psychedelic research, neuroscientists believed drugs like LSD were psychotomimetic, meaning they induce psychosis. This theory inspired the CIA's infamous Project MKULTRA in the 1950s, which involved spiking unwitting civilians with acid in order to observe its effects, with a view to using it as a weapon against the Soviets during the Cold War. The shocking outcome of these reckless experiments gave rise to much of the folklore surrounding LSD.
For example, most people have heard the story of the guy who took acid, went mad, and jumped out the window thinking he could fly. Though it's possible someone might actually have done this, the historical protagonist of this tale is American scientist Frank Olson, who fell to his death from a hotel balcony in 1953. Several days previously, he had unknowingly been dosed with LSD by MKULTRA agents, and while his death was officially ruled a suicide, many believe he was actually pushed.
Acid is traditionally taken on a sugar cube, although the CIA used much sneakier methods of supplying LSD to unwitting civilians as part of the MKULTRA program. mikeledray/Shutterstock
Regardless of what caused Olson's death, researchers soon abandoned the psychotomimetic theory after discovering that LSD does not in fact cause madness. Interestingly, though, a recent study conducted as part of the Beckley/Imperial research program found that the acute effects of acid do indeed mirror certain elements of psychosis – such as delusional thought and a fragmented sense of self – although these soon give way to longer-term positive effects like elevated mood and positivity.
In light of this, Beckley Foundation founder and director Amanda Feilding told IFLScience that "there is absolutely a truth in the fact that LSD – particularly in larger doses – can be a very frightening experience, because there is a similarity to the characteristics of insanity in the ego dissolution."
However, by no means does this mean that the drug can make you jump out of a window. Instead, it is widely accepted that the experiential effects of all psychedelics are largely determined by "set and setting". "Set", in this context, refers to the mental and emotional state of the user, while "setting" indicates the actual surroundings in which a drug is taken. As such, Feilding warns that "when used inappropriately, LSD can be dangerous."


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Keri Anne Taylor-Melendez to Make MMA Debut at Bellator 165 Next Month
It looks like Keri Anne Taylor-Melendez will follow in her husband's footsteps after all.
Taylor-Melendez will make her mixed martial arts debut on Nov. 16 at Bellator 165 at SAP Center in San Jose and the California-based promotion is expected to make the announcement official later today. MMAJunkie was the first to report the story.
Taylor-Melendez, who has twice fought on Bellator: Dynamite cards, will take on fellow flyweight Sheila Padilla. But Taylor-Melendez, whose husband is former Strikeforce lightweight champion Gilbert Melendez, is not expected to have a walk in the park against Padilla, who has yet to lose in the pro ranks in MMA.
Also slated for the bill will be a 155-pound showdown between unbeaten prospects Carrington Banks and Jake Roberts.
Bellator 165 will be anchored by the lightweight championship between reigning titlist Michael Chandler and former World Extreme Cagefighting and Ultimate Fighting Championship lightweight king Benson Henderson. Michael Page will lock horns with Fernando Gonzalez and Francis Carmont will oppose Linton Vassell, among other bouts.
The main card will be televised live on Spike beginning at 9 p.m. ET/6 p.m. PT.


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Pattaya, Thailand – Wonderfruit, Thailand's pioneering, carbon-neutral four-day celebration of the arts and sustainable living returns in 2018 for its fifth installment, with international live music acts and DJs, perspective-shifting talks and workshops, world-class cuisine, cutting-edge architecture, and much more. Leading its preview of the first phase music line-up, Wonderfruit announces its plans for its new permanent location. Wonderers from all over the world are invited to return to the beautiful Thai countryside for the ultimate destination retreat from 13-16 December 2018. Phase one tickets and accommodations are on sale now.
Located just a kilometer away from the previous site still within the grounds of Siam Country Club, Wonderfruit's new home is not only bigger in size but also abundant in natural features and presents an opportunity for the festival to become completely sustainable in years to come. Locally sourced bamboo will act as the foundation of venues, stages, architectural structures, art installations and booths for vendors. Wonderers can expect lush venues surrounded by shady coconut plantations, tropical evergreen forests, pristine lakes and beach and stunning sunsets and sunrises set against mountain vistas. To preserve its natural splendor, the new site will also have a zero single-use plastic policy in place.
Wonderfruit also announces the first names on its music lineup, including drum and bass pioneer GOLDIE AND THE ENSEMBLE, iconic Warp mainstay NIGHTMARES ON WAX, New Zealand-born producer and multi-instrumentalist LORD ECHO, plus Tuvan throat singers HUUN HUUR TU joined by DJ CARMEN RIZZO. Joining them will be Thai-Swedish songstress SIRINTIP, rapper KWEKU COLLINS and Bangkok- based singer SYPS. The bill also features LIBELLA, FLEETMAC WOOD from US, musical maverick HOWIE LEE from China, veteran disco DJ group HORSE MEAT DISCO plus SEB WILDBLOOD, YOUNG MARCO and Swedish duo GIDGE. More acts will be confirmed in the coming months.
Accommodation is now on sale and can be purchased directly through the website. Whichever type of accommodation you prefer, Wonderfruit has got all the options covered. Bring your own tent and pitch it in the General Camping area, where you'll find a dedicated bar, drinking water station plus communal toilet and shower facilities, for the small fee of THB400 for four nights. If, rather than a tent, you'd prefer to bring your RV, all you need to do is purchase an RV Parking Permit, either with or without hook-ups. If you're looking for something super convenient and luxurious, Wonderfruit also offers a variety of Boutique Camping choices. The Boutique Camping area also has its own toilets, showers and drinking water station, plus all accommodation options are fully furnished with beds, linens and towels. Check out for all on-site accommodation is on Monday 17 December. For those who prefer to stay in the city, Wonderfruit has teamed up with a selection of hotel partners, all of which are located in and around Pattaya, about 30 minutes' drive from the site.
#Wonderfruit2018 takes place from 13 to 16 December in The Fields at Siam Country Club, just 150 kilometers (two hours' drive) southeast of Bangkok. Phase one ticket pricing begins at THB5,200 (US$165 or £118) for an adult 4-day pass.Visit Wonderfruit's website for more information on securing your tickets and accommodation.
Images are available for download via this link: Wonderfruit 2018 Phase 1
Connect with Wonderfruit
Website | Facebook | Instagram | YouTube
About WONDERFRUIT/ SCRATCH FIRST
Produced by Thai-based SCRATCH FIRST, Wonderfruit seeks to encourage, develop and innovate creative solutions for sustainable living and bring together a global community to celebrate them. Wonderfruit is built on six pillars: Arts, Music, Family, Farm to Feasts, Talks & Workshops and Wellness & Adventures, all of which are informed by its ethos to use the event as a platform to catalyze meaningful and positive impact.
For further information please contact the press team: email@example.com


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Village Theatre Art Gallery PresentsSymphony of Color: Abstracts in Review
The Village Theatre Art Gallery will be kicking off the New Year with a burst of color in an abstract art exhibition featuring the works of the South Bay painting group abstract7. abstact7 is comprised of seven South Bay artists who have worked together since 2011 with the common pursuit of new interpretations in their art with emphasis on color exploration. The group is influenced by cubism and abstract expressionism and they are united by their passion for personal expression through abstract and nonobjective art. The seven artists work in a diverse range of media including watercolor, acrylic, collage, oil, printmaking, and photography. Their goal is to work together to demonstrate an expanded array of possibilities in abstract art. The abstract7 group consists of members Yao-pi Hsu, Gloria Huet, Marjorie Law, Sydell Lewis, James Ong, Donna Orme and Terry Tsu. More information on the group and the individual artists can be found on their website www.abstract7.com An Opening Reception for the exhibition is scheduled for Thursday, January 10, 2019 from 5:30 p.m. to 7:30.m. Two very talented musicians from The Jazz Room, will provide a live musical performance during the reception. Complimentary refreshments will be served. The exhibit runs through March 2, 2019. Artwork in the exhibition will be for sale. Admission is free. The Village Theatre and Art Gallery is open to visitors Wednesday through Friday 12:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m., Saturday 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m., and Monday and Tuesday by appointment only. The Art Gallery is closed on Sundays. For more information, contact Visual Arts Coordinator Marija Nelson Bleier at (925) 314-3460 or email@example.com.
View the Town of Danville website.
Copyright 2018 Town of Danville, California. All Rights Reserved.
Danville Town Office, 510 La Gonda Way Danville, CA 94526


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Save the date! The Leadville Main Street Program is planning its second annual Live and Silent Auction fundraiser Saturday, Sept. 8 from 5 to 8 p.m. Last year we sought artists and local creatives to transform old, historic Tabor Grand Hotel doors into pieces of art for the live auction. We had kept these doors secret and in storage until we found the perfect purpose for them, our first live auction fundraiser. The fundraiser was a success and the pinnacle of the entire event was during set-up when all of the live auction items came together on the Tabor Opera House stage and each door was so creatively different from one another.
Every September, the main street program celebrates another year of Lovin' On Leadville in the community and we throw a fundraiser. We are seeking interested volunteers to support the main street program mission and help us have another successful fundraiser this year. The Leadville Main Street Program mission is to, "Encourage economic growth and historic preservation in downtown Leadville." The program is committed to achieving this through beautification, historic preservation, and the revitalization of public spaces downtown. This past April, the City of Leadville created a part-time Main Street Manager/ Administrative Assistant position to continue main street responsibilities and additional assistance to the city. The program is planning to move up a tier in the state Colorado Main Street tiered program from a Candidate community to a designated Main Street community this July and has gained a lot of positive momentum. The funds raised go towards sustaining our projects and programs that we aim to continue every year to better serve our residents, businesses, and visitors.
This year for the live auction we have stuck to the theme of repurposing unique objects but this time to be transformed into functional lamps. If you don't want to repurpose a unique object into a lamp, we are also looking for donations of unique lamps that artists might be able to use for their projects, or you could even do something as simple as thrifting and antiquing for unique lamps and repurpose the shade to brighten it up a little. You can virtually turn anything into a lamp! We want everyone to feel like this is a fun project they can participate in from local creatives, organizations, groups, artists, to non-artists. We realize the value of an artists time in the community and we would like to make this an opportunity for us to better promote your work for opportunities to do commissioned work during and after the auction.
Please contact Destinee Lukianoff, Leadville Main Street Program Manager, at adminassistant@leadville-co.
gov to confirm you will be creating a lamp for the fundraiser. Artists will need to find their own supplies and we are asking you have your project completed and brought to Leadville's City Hall on or before Aug. 24. Please coordinate with Destinee Lukianoff for all details.


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Manta Rays Of Ningaloo
Introduction Within the aquatic realm, I often try to measure an animal's intelligence with the curiosity which it displays. The more curious an animal, the more "brains" it has. As fish go, manta rays are certainly the intellectuals of the Ningaloo Reef. Pound for pound, they boast the largest brain of any elasmobranch or bony
Mermaids on the Ningaloo Reef
Mermaids and sirens The Ningaloo Reef: where giant sharks of the blue come to feast on the tinniest of life. Where humpback whales sing and play, throwing their gigantic selves to the skies, only to crash back down to sea, making waves. Where black and white predators thrive, and turtles' nest, tigers of the sea
Finding Nemo's cousin on the Ningaloo Reef
Charismatic Clownfish Anemonefish are fiery personalities, defending their homes with aggression which far surpasses their size. No intruder is too big for the hearty "clownfish", and they are loved by divers and photographers for their animated, territorial displays. It's probably for this reason that they were chosen to star in the Disney Pixar Blockbuster: "Finding
She Captures the Magic
"Let's go to the dog park," said the most beautiful Brazilian-born spirit you will ever know. Vee is our blog feature for the week. She's a tremendous photographer and videographer, founder of Blue Media Exmouth. Vee's blog finishes our Exmouth wedding collective feature. Describing Vee isn't hard – she defines 'warm hug.' We had been trying to get together
Murray Pattison
When I met Murray, I was fascinated by his stories of Exmouth WA and the infatuation he had with 'the little prawn.' He had an extensive knowledge of the sea, wildlife (African, Australia, sea land, and air creatures), boats, farming, history. He's an interesting character if you spend the time to listen. Mystified by
Doug McGarvie
Geez oh, peats! The past few weeks have FLOWN. I've blinked, and they have disappeared. Murray, myself and the crew are now in full swing swimming with whale sharks and all the other critters the Ningaloo Reef has on offer lately, even seeing orcas! The Ningaloo Reef is turning it on lately, and it's been
Chris Jansen
Chris Jansen is one of our photographers for the whale shark season. Our season is about to start, EKEKEKEKEKKKKKKK on the 26 March and it seemed fitting to highlight the Live Ningaloo crew for anyone interested. When I asked Chris how he came here – I received a chronological account from when he met Kerry, his
A W.I.S.H. Realised
Working in tourism, I read a fair bit about travel and all things marketing within the industry. The question I see a lot of: Have you ever wanted an island getaway? Well…Have you? I didn't think that was possible until I met Jim & Kim. This week's feature is on Wilderness Island in Exmouth WA. It's an island
Your Fairy Godmother
Murray and I have been busy toiling over all the details in preparation for our season kick off, MARCH 26th, 2017. Busy and hot days leave us retreating to the air conditioning in the evening for a quiet catch up and lately, the TV show Suits on Netflix. We love it and here's a dirty
Styling the Stars
I'm a layman writer. Not particularly gifted, but passionate. I construct stories, and for me, that usually starts word association, now referred to as a hashtag. There are a lot of buzz words that I can think of when I think of Jessica Ogden-Barry, she oozes individuality. Jess is the owner and stylist of Salt &


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Finding Grandfather Emery
By Esther Moneysmith Gross and Matthew Hoppe
Who Was Grandfather Emery? By Esther
I don't remember ever asking my father, Virgil Moneysmith, about his paternal grandfather. My paternal grandfather, Jacob Moneysmith, was a part of my life (though a fringe part) until his death when I was in college, but there was never any mention of family members other than his children who were my aunt and uncle. Though I had been bitten by the genealogy bug as a teenager, it was some time before I was in a position to pursue it, and at that time—at least in my life—the Internet hadn't even been dreamed of.
When I started looking into genealogy, I asked my dad about his father. He told me Jacob Moneysmith had been born in Van Wert, Ohio. One of the first (perhaps the first) foray my husband Fred and I made into genealogy searching was a trip to Van Wert. That must have been in the 1960s.
The only thing I remember learning at that courthouse was that there had once been a Moneysmith Road in the city, but it was no longer. (Ironically, many years later I did see a Lake Moneysmith Road in, of all places, the Seattle area of Washington state, and there is a Lake Moneysmith next to it.)
Though both Emery and (we later learned) his father, the first of three William Henrys, had been born in Van Wert, I didn't learn anything concrete about them on that Van Wert visit. Part of the problem had to be that I didn't know enough about the people in that ancestor line to have a framework into which to "plug" whatever few names and information I did get. (In 2014 I visited William's grave in Van Wert as well as the grave of his father, the very first Moneysmith, in Kalida OH.)
Some thirty years slipped by before the Internet came along with ancestor databases like Roots Webb, FamilySearch, and finally Ancestry. Though I don't have a clear memory of when I learned these things, in time I found out his name was Emery William Moneysmith and he married Mary Katherine Wise in July 1877 in Allen, Ohio. We already knew that marriage had ended in divorce because Grandmother Mary is buried with a different last name on the same gravesite as her son Jacob.
Eventually we also knew that Emery was born October 19, 1847 and died May 16. 1916. From the Internet we learned that he was the oldest of six children, that his mother died when he was just nine, and that within eight months he had a stepmother. Records also told us that the first child of Emery's marriage to Mary, a daughter name Minnie, died within a year of her birth. Son Jacob was born in 1880 and William in 1886. But what happened to Emery after that? And where did he die? I had visited graves of third and fourth great-grandparents, and I wanted one for this first-great-grandfather.
After the death of Mary's second husband, John Burroughs, in 1925, she lived with her son William's family in Niles, but at some point she ended up in Mishawaka with Jacob, where she died by suicide in 1938.
The Feud
Mary's obituary said she had moved to Mishawaka from Niles, Michigan, a few miles north over the Indiana border, so I thought Niles might be a good place to make a search for Emery. In 2002 Fred and I made a trip to Niles—an interesting trip because we made it with a Moneysmith second cousin, Kathleen Moneysmith, whom we had never met or even known about until just before that.
Over lunch that day, Kathleen mentioned that she had an elderly uncle named Bill Moneysmith. Really? Might there be a connection? There was! Her Uncle Bill remembered having had a cousin who went to Africa—my dad! Bill was a third William Henry, a grandson of Emery's born eight years after Emery died. From him we learned that there had been a serious feud between his father, William, and his father's brother, Jacob, and that for years and years little or no communication had taken place between them.
Emery's son, the second William Henry, lived in Niles, while his son Jacob lived in Mishawaka, Indiana. My dad, Jacob's son, was five and a half when his paternal grandfather died, but because of the family rift, we're guessing they never saw each other in those few short years. That could well explain why my father never mentioned his grandfather. Given distance and limited communication in those days, plus the feud, we wonder how long it took for the news to reach Jacob's family in Mishawaka that his father had passed away. But where? We still didn't know where Emery ended up.
Years before when I discovered the world of Internet genealogy, my nephew Matt Hoppe had discovered it, too. Over the years he and I had made many generations of discoveries in multiple branches of the family—Stauffers, Porters, even the Mahnenschmidt predecessors of the Moneysmiths, but we did not find Emery. Matt's specialty has become tracking down records and making sense of the censuses, so here he tells about his searches and discoveries over the years as we wondered about Emery.
Searching Out Emery's Life by Matt
We found no records of Emery Moneysmith and family after the 1880 census. We knew that his wife Mary remarried in 1899 to John Burroughs, and that in one of her obituaries it says that Emery died in 1916. (The fact that it is in her obituary strongly suggests that at some point Jacob had learned about his father's death 21 years before his mother's.)
We knew that, according to his WWI draft card, son William Henry was born in 1887 in Scott, Paulding County, Ohio. He and his mother Mary were still there in 1900. Mary married John Burroughs and must have been in the process of moving to Michigan in 1900 because she and John are in Ohio for that census, and John and his children were enumerated again in Michigan that same year. I have not been able to locate a marriage record for John and Mary or a divorce for Emery and Mary.
Looking in Paulding County, I found a record for an E. W. Moneysmith who married an Anna Beard in 1894. It gave no indication what the actual names were for E. W., nor were ages given for either him or Anna. I did find an Anna Beard in 1900 in Blue Creek Township, aged 28, living with her sister and mother and divorced. I think it is likely that Anna Beard is the one who married E. W. Moneysmith in 1894.
I sent off for a copy of the divorce record, and it told an interesting story. They were married January 27, 1894 and he left June 1 of that same year. According to her claim when she filed for divorce, he abandoned her and sent her only one letter to advise her that he was never coming back. She was granted her divorce in 1896, and the divorce gave her back her maiden name. It's interesting to note the age difference between Emery (46) and Anna (22) in 1894.
In 1910 there is an Emery Moneysmith of the right age living alone on a farm in Grout, Michigan. Due to the rarity of this name and the fact that there are no other Emery Moneysmiths his age in any census, it is quite probible this is our Emery. Using this Michigan fact as a clue, I applied for his death certificate from the state of Michigan and received it. It showed that he died in Dowagiac, Michigan, of paralysis on the left so probably a stroke. Dowagiac is 220 miles from Grout, which is quite a distance, but it led us to his final resting place—twenty minutes northeast of Niles on Route 5.
Locating His Grave—Finally by Esther
After Matt figured out that Great-grandfather Emery Moneysmith died and so was assumedly buried in Dowagiac, Michigan, I called the cemetery there. Yes, I was told, he was in that cemetery and on Lot 16, but there was no headstone. Hearing "no headstone" registered at the time, but hearing is not the same as seeing, and it didn't stick. Following our conversation, the helpful lady sent me a full map of the cemetery with Lot 16 carefully marked, lines showing the best way to reach it, and a note with the names of the headstones on either side of Lot 16. The next step was to wait for a chance to make a trip to Michigan.
That happened in September of 2010 when my husband and I and my cousin Joy Divine Sholty drove up to Dowagiac from her home on the Indiana-Michigan border. It had been pouring rain part of our trip, but when we arrived, the rain let up to simply a steady sprinkle.
Because we had the clearly marked map, we assumed it would be easy to locate what we were looking for, but it wasn't. For starters, it is a huge cemetery, laid out in the dozens of curved roads seen on the map, but when we got there, we found most of the roads were grass like everything else, so they did not stand out. Shortly before we hit the panic button, we spotted a worker with a truck.
"Follow me!" he said when we approached him, and he led the way in his truck right to where we wanted to go. That's when "no headstone" became vividly clear. Each "lot" holds four burial plots, and in this case not one of the four had a headstone. The helpful sexton knew what to look for and was beginning to use the probe he had brought with him. "When was this burial?" he wanted to know. "Nineteen-sixteen," we told him. "Aha! They were still burying in wooden boxes in 1916," and he quietly laid down the probe. Nevertheless, it didn't take him long to discern and point out to us where Emery most likely was. One part of the lot was just a hair lower than the others. The soil had sunk there, so that's where Grandfather Emery was.
At the time, we thought he had died alone; having no headstone seemed to suggest that. But when we got home, we reviewed the information we have (something we should have done before we went) and learned that his younger son William (father of "Uncle Bill") lived in Dowagiac at the time and is listed as the informant for the information on the death certificate. Nice to know that Emery ended up back with one of his sons rather than alone in Grout, but why the son didn't see fit to give his father a headstone is something we'll probably never know.
Finding Emery's resting place was a mixed emotional experience. Having wondered about him and searched for him for so long made the finding satisfying. But now we know about the somewhat broken life he lived, beginning with his mother's death when he was only nine, the death of a baby daughter within her first year of life, plus two divorces and the abandonment of a young woman, as well as at age 63 being "alone on a farm" in upper central Michigan far from any known family connections. The absence of a headstone added to a feeling of melancholy, not to mention the family rift—it all adds up to a sad picture. And if Grandfather Emery ever in his life made any peace with God, we don't know about it.


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Adoption Process
Before visiting the shelter it's a good idea to take a look at our Available Animals section. You'll find what information we know about the animal, and its availability date.
Next, visit the shelter and walk around our kennels, our cattery or our rabbitat. If there's an animal that piques your interest, fill out an adoption survey and meet with one of our specially trained adoption counselors.
You can always fill out an adoption survey in advance, and bring it with you when you visit the shelter. See adoption application links below.
Shelter hours and directions. Please note, all adoption surveys must be submitted to the front desk by 4:00pm.
Special Fee Programs
Ask your adoption counselor about this special fee programs.
- Better with a Buddy – Adopt one cat, kitten, or dog and get the second one (within a year) for just $25. Does not apply to puppies.
- Two Purr One – Adopt two kittens together (within two weeks) and pay for just one.
- Senior-to-Senior – Any senior (60+) adopting a senior animal (7+) will have the adoption fee waived.
- Pets for Patriots – Fees waived for San Diego veterans. To qualify, please apply before visiting the shelter. CLICK HERE
Adoption Fees
|$195 +$50 (training deposit)
|Senior Pets (7+)
|RCHS Favorites
The adoption fee includes:
- Up to date on vaccinations
- Spay or Neuter
- Deworming medication
- Flea control medication
- Microchip and registration
These items purchased through a veterinarian would cost more than $250!


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Financing Cosmetic Surgery
Dr. McNemar is dedicated to offering affordable aesthetic options for women and men from Modesto, Stockton, and Tracy considering plastic surgery. He works hard to find the procedures that will fit your budget and provide you with pleasing results. Many people don't want to wait to begin their cosmetic improvement plan - which is totally understandable, given the amazing changes possible through cosmetic surgery.
Dr. McNemar offers a comprehensive range of options for the breasts, body, and face. Request your consultation online or call (209) 834-0626 for our San Ramon office or (209) 834-0626 for our Tracy office to make your appointment.
|Related Pages
Details About CareCredit®
For patients interested in financing their cosmetic procedure including post bariatric surgery and breast enhancement, Dr. McNemar offers financing through CareCredit®. His staff will work closely with you to help you fill out the necessary forms and get qualified.
CareCredit offers financing for qualified patients. Convenient payment options are available. Financing your procedure can help you focus on preparing for surgery, planning for recovery, and enjoying your new look. Apply with CareCredit online or call us at call (209) 834-0626 in San Ramon or (209) 834-0626 in Tracy and we'll be happy to help you fill out a paper application.
Before & After Photo Gallery
See the remarkable results of women and men who chose surgery from Dr. McNemar.
Dr. McNemar in the News
View recent news clips, articles and press releases featuring Dr. McNemar as an authority on cosmetic treatments.


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Nov 27, 2018
It was an ugly night on the court and in the stands for the Utah Jazz. The team was booed after losing 121-88 at home versus the Indiana Pacers. Quin Snyder believes they need to play harder and better, Joe Ingles believes it starts with the small stuff and Ricky Rubio would like to play a bit more at home. Jeremiah Jensen and Cleon Wall say it may come down to defense and getting back to the basics.


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Paintings »
"The Diecasters" oil on canvas by L.F.Herbert
Ref: 3903
A good painting by the Oxford poet and painter L.F. Herbert, nicely framed and titled "The Diecasters". Herbert painted in a wide range of subject matters from mythological, Christian religious, landscape, still life and here we see him in romantic working class mode showing an appreciation of the team-work and fortitude required by skilled labouring men working in the dangerous environment of the furnace pouring heavy molten alloy metals into large square dies.
Furnaces apart the painting has a warmth and sensuality and themes similar to those found in D.H. Lawrence's work are explored, these are "The Diecasters", the figures are not individualised but achieve identity and selfhood through the annulment of their selves in this infernal yet brotherly employment.
English c.1960s
H: 56cm (22.0in)
W: 78cm (30.7in)
D: 5cm (2.0in)
£590Contact Print Back


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Black Amber & Lavender Body Sugar Scrubs
The scent of soft lavender and musky amber make Black Amber & Lavender Body Sugar Scrubs a shower-time must-have. These exfoliating sugar cubes are handcrafted to buff and scrub away dry skin to leave a stunning glow and silky-soft finish. Our proprietary Ultra-Moisturizing 8-Oil Blend, vitamin E, and exfoliating sugar work moisturizing magic in the skin. Relax, scrub, and glow!
Key Ingredients & Benefits
Our Ultra-Moisturizing 8-Oil Blend:
- Olive Oil: Full of good fats and antioxidants to keep skin soft and smooth.
- Avocado Oil: Contains nourishing vitamins and nutrients (including Vitamin E, lecithin and potassium) for a luminous, moisturized finish.
- Jojoba Seed Oil: Moisturizes skin with nutritious proteins and vitamins.
- Sweet Almond Oil: Nourishes with good fats, nutritious vitamins and minerals.
- Coconut Oil: Deeply moisturizes with good fatty acids and vitamins.
- Aloe Vera Oil: An antioxidant-rich moisturizer.
- Grapeseed Oil: Moisturizes the skin and makes it softer and more elastic.
- Sunflower Seed Oil: Contains omega-6 fatty acids and vitamin E to help moisturize the skin and can even help fight against acne.
Other Key Ingredients
- Vitamin E: A natural antioxidant that softens and smoothens skin.
- Sugar: A natural exfoliator! All of our body sugar scrubs are made primarily from exfoliating sugars to buff and scrub away dry skin cells.
How to Use
Squish cube(s), rub hands together, then rub in circular motion over damp skin. Use as needed. Body use only.
Safe & Natural
Not an edible product; do not eat. Free of animal ingredients, animal testing and unnecessary chemicals. Made with all-natural and biodegradable ingredients. Eco-friendly. Child-safe.


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In whatever sport we play, we are always searching for performance. Whether that is with our equipment or with our own bodies, as athletes, we demand performance in order to compete at the highest level possible. At Sport and Sun @ 20/20 Vision we understand that need for performance especially from our eye wear.
We offer a unique blend of affordable, performance driven technology fit for whatever sport and level you are involved in. Frame technology has changed dramatically in the past few years and our glasses and sunglasses are not just meant for fashion alone. Powerhouse brands like Oakley, Nike, Rudy, Adidas, and Smith offer a huge line up of frames with the athlete in mind. Durability, adjustability, and customizability are what sets these brands apart from their competitors and all can be found in ONE location at Sport and Sun!
Frames are only half the story. Lens technology has also come leaps and bounds in the past several years. Gone are the days where simple grays and browns were the only options you had with sunglasses. Now, brands like Oakley have invested in considerable research and development to come up with Prizm Lens technology that offers athletes better vision and detail through enhanced color and contrast sensitivity. Smith, a leader in enduro and downhill racing, has their patented ChromoPop technology that enhances clarity and natural colors to help you see more detail and improve performance. And the list goes on.
Bottom line is, whatever your sport, Sport and Sun @ 20/20 has you covered. Come down and check us out!