text:
By KEVIN LYNCH
Daily Record Sports Writer
ORRVILLE -- On any given night in the Orrville Men's Softball League, chances are you'll see a competitive contest.
"Of the nine teams we have in this league, I'd say just about anybody can beat anybody if they get everybody here," said league director Steve Hartman. "When everybody has their full team here, it's competitive. It's an evening's worth of entertainment fans don't have to pay for."
The games are played Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday, with three contests a night.
"The night starts out with a single game and then we have a doubleheader," Hartman said. "That cuts down the amount of time they have to travel. We have teams from all around Wayne County."
Heading into Tuesday night's action at Orr Park, Pleasant Hill had the best record in the league at 6-1. Window World was right behind at 12-4 after pulling out a 13-12 win in Tuesday's opener over R&K Cattle (7-5). Nick Hilty blasted a three-run homer as R&K Cattle scored four times in the seventh inning to close the gap.
Sportrax (8-3), R&K Cattle (7-5), Miller Custom Exteriors (5-4), Chance 2 (5-7), A&K Welding (3-7), All Creatures Vet Clinic (2-9), VFW Bombers (2-11) follow Window World.
In the evening twinbill, All Creatures Vet Clinic notched its second win of the season in convincing fashion, posting a 17-7 triumph over A&K Welding in six innings.
Justin Troyer capped off the big sixth inning for the Vet Clinic with a two-run homer.
The league features a three home run limit.
"Otherwise, we'd be here all night with the bats they have today," Hartman said.
The batters come up with a 1-ball, 1-strike count, which helps move the game along. An interesting twist the league features is base runners moving up on missed balls by the catcher.
Andy Lorson, the coach and second baseman of the All Creatures Vet Clinic, said his team is made up mostly of cousins and friends.
"We're a group of guys from the area who like to play. We've been together about five years," Lorson said. "This league is very competitive, but we have a lot of fun."
George Mahaffey is a 31-year veteran, who pitches for A&K Welding. He says he'll keep on playing as long as he's having fun.
Kevin Lynch can be reached at 330-674-5676 or firstname.lastname@example.com


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Below is our range of heating thermostats and controllers available to buy online -
Available in a choice of styles and finishes to fit any type of room, we have a large range of controllers and thermostats to suit every requirement.
Whether looking for a simple 24 Hour or 7 Day thermostat, or a programmable thermostat with energy controller, we have something for every situation.
Remember that we offer Free Delivery on orders over £49 - most of our Heating Controllers fit into this price range, so take advantage of Free Delivery and place your order online today!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
About Aquila Skynight
Welcome to Aquila Skynight, the first model of Buffet restaurant in Vinh city. Our aim is to ensure that you have a memorable experience, with impeccable service and delicious food. We would like to produce menu with more than 150 fresh dishes so that our guests can experience the best of creations. We have a seating capacity of more than 300, including 200 in Buffet area, 100 in Alacater area, 30 in VIP room, therefore we can provide the best space for our guests.
We serve breakfast from 07:00 am, and coffee, dinner, buffet from 6pm, so whether you're in a rush or want to indulge yourself, Aquila Skynight is the place to be. You are also welcome to making a reservation for every occasion with various discount programs every month.


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Binance recently published a blog post in which they stated that there has been a massive security contravention into their network. On May, 7th 2019 hackers reached the users 2FA codes, API codes and other security information and around $40 million worth BTC's were stolen.
The hackers attached the Binance system with various methods which included viruses, phishing and another way of attacks. The investigation is going on and still, things have to be unveiled, that how such a massive security collapse happened?
But this has been confirmed that only 2% of the amount has hacked of their BTC holdings. One good aspect is that Binance has built up an internal insurance system that makes sure and guarantees the entire value of hack under the SafuFund.
According to Binance to protect the users' future interests, they have created a Secure Asset Fund for Users (SAFU). In this way, 10% of the transaction fees will be saved in a cold wallet which would be a kind of safety locker of the users. And in circumstances like these, this Fund will help Binance to satisfy their users and provide them proper service.
Binance is one of the most reputable exchanges across the globe, this is a huge setback for it and it also raises a question on the security of cryptocurrency.
Due to this security breach, it had an effect on the market. Bitcoin (BTC) dropped its price to some extent and with this, it affected the rest of the market as well.
In the meanwhile, Justin Sun, CEO of TRON has jumped in to help Binance to get out of this trouble initially. Sun in his recent tweet said that he himself will personally deposit 7000 BTC into Binance, which is almost $40 million USD. Sun tweeted:
"To support @binance , I will personally deposit 7000 BTC worth USDT (40 million USDT) into @binance to buy $BNB, $BTC , $TRX & $BTT if @cz_binance agrees. No need to #FUD! Funds are #SAFU!"
The support of Justin Sun will help Binance to get over with this problem, but the core issue is still to be improved, which is the security collapse. Binance is a renowned exchange and it will definitely look after this issue and come up with the possible outcome.


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Supplements New Perspectives on Overactive Bladder: Quality of Life Impact, Medication Persistency, and Treatmen
The Impact of Urinary Incontinence on Quality of Life of the Elderly
Objectives: To investigate the impact of urinary incontinence (UI) on health-related quality of life (QOL), as measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) and to compare UI and non- UI elderly Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in managed care plans on the prevalence of depression and self-rated health.
Methods: After excluding beneficiaries younger than 65 years old, a total of 141 815 completed surveys were used for analysis. The survey included 1 question on difficulty in controlling urination, 3 questions on depression, 3 questions on health, a series of questions regarding comorbid medical conditions, and the SF-36. Self-rated health, prevalence of depression, and scores in each domain of QOL were compared between UI and non-UI groups.
Results: Overall, the prevalence of UI was 24.7% (20.9% in men, 27.5% in women). The UI group was about twice as likely to feel depressed as the non-UI group. The UI group also rated their health more negatively. Compared with continent respondents, those who were incontinent had lower standardized scores on all 8 subscales of SF-36 as well as 2 summary scores. Results from multiple regressions indicated that UI had a significantly negative impact on all aspects of QOL after adjusting for comorbidities and demographic differences.
Conclusion: Findings indicate that elderly patients with UI are more depressed and have worse perceived health. On certain domains of QOL, the negative impact of UI even surpasses that of other severe comorbidities.
(Am J Manag Care. 2005;11:S103-S111)
Urinary incontinence (UI), or the
involuntary loss of urine, can occur
at any age, but is especially common
in elderly women.1,2 UI has been estimated
to affect 20% to 33% of adults3,4 or 11% to
55% of the elderly,1,2,5-8 depending on the age
of the subjects, the healthcare setting where
the study was performed, the definition of UI
employed, and, potentially, the format of the
questions being asked about UI. The prevalence
of UI in older women is approximately
2 times that of older men.1,6 Compared with
the elderly living at home, those residing in
nursing homes or hospitals also have a higher
prevalence of UI,1 which may be one of
the contributing factors to institutionalization.
Despite the high estimate of prevalence,
as many as 50% of all cases of UI may
not have been reported, because individuals
with UI do not always seek medical help.3,9-11
Current treatments for UI include behavioral
(eg, bladder training, fluid manipulation,
scheduled toileting, pelvic muscle
exercises), pharmacological, and surgical
interventions, used either alone or in combination.11-13 Behavioral techniques are now
currently recommended as first-line therapy
in the treatment of UI.14,15 Behavioral interventions
are usually relatively inexpensive
and easy to implement, but the effectiveness
chiefly depends on the patient's adherence.16 When nonpharmacologic interventions
have failed, drug therapy can be an
option.11 The effectiveness of older drugs,
such as immediate-release (IR) oxybutynin,
is not satisfactory, partly because of poor
compliance as a result of adverse events
(AEs).17 The new generation of pharmacological
treatments, such as extendedrelease
(ER) tolterodine and transdermal
oxybutynin, provide better or comparable
efficacy, but with fewer AEs.18-21 Although
surgical interventions are used in only the
most refractory cases of urge UI, they are
more commonly used in the treatment of
stress UI.11
Because UI may cause social isolation,
loss of sexual function, and other psychosocial
problems,3,22,23 it could have significant
impact on patients' psychosocial well-being
and quality of life (QOL). Studies have
shown that patients suffering with UI are
more depressed,24,25 psychologically distressed,26 emotionally disturbed,27 and
socially isolated.27 Moreover, compared with
continent individuals, those patients with UI
also have higher levels of anxiety,28 lower
QOL,27 and poorer life satisfaction.25 The
severity of UI is also correlated with degrees
of mental distress, social restrictions, and
restricted activities.3,23 As a result, UI has an
adverse effect on patients' daily lives and
could become a barrier for normal social
Previous studies have indicated that
depression was common in adults with UI. A
study using the Geriatric Depression Scale
on homebound elders with UI found that up
to 50% of the elderly patients had significant
depressive symptomatology.29 Another study
found that those patients with UI were more
likely to have major depression than those
without UI (odds ratio [OR] = 4.5; 95% confidence
interval [CI] = 2.3-8.8), as assessed
using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSMIII).24 Although UI is associated with depression,
the causal pathway from UI to
depression is not entirely clear.
Several generic and disease-specific
instruments have been used to assess the
QOL of adults with UI. Although UI-specific
instruments, such as the Incontinence
Impact Questionnaire30 and the Incontinence
Quality of Life Instrument,31 tend to
be more sensitive to the unique impact of
UI, generic measures permit the comparison
among different populations or interventions.32 One study using the Sickness Impact
Profile, a generic health status instrument,
found that the QOL of community-living
women was adversely affected by UI considerably.33 Another study using the Nottingham
Health Profile Questionnaire, a generic
health status instrument as well, indicated
that women with UI were more emotionally
disturbed and socially isolated than those
from the age-matched control group without
UI.27 The literature also suggests that
patients with urge UI and mixed UI are more
likely to suffer with depression and poorer
QOL than those with stress UI.34-36
Among the generic measures of QOL
instruments, the Medical Outcome Study
Short Form-36 (SF-36) is most widely used
and well known in healthcare research. It
contains 1 item assessing health transition
and 35 items assessing 8 domains of health
statusphysical functioning (PF), role limitations
as a result of physical problems (RP),
bodily pain (BP), general health perceptions
(GH), vitality (VT), social functioning (SF),
role limitations as a result of emotional
problems (RE), and mental health (MH).37
These 8 subscales are also used to generate
2 health summary scores, the physical component
summary (PCS) and the mental
component summary (MCS).38 Two studies
showed that SF-36 scores of the patients
with UI were lower in all 8 domains compared
with the general population or the
control group.39,40 However, O'Conor and
colleagues found that patients with urge or
mixed UI had significantly lower scores in
only 5 of 8 dimensions (ie, PF, SF, RE, RP,
VT) compared with the general US population,17 and Kutner and colleagues showed
that UI significantly affected GH, RP, and
RE, but not SF.41 In summary, previous studies
are inconsistent regarding the specific
domains of QOL affected by UI, but it
appears that numerous domains are affected.
Previous studies of QOL and UI usually
recruited subjects only from a particular
setting, such as nursing homes,7,8 communities,5,23,41 or hospitals,22 and they have a
limited sample size, which ranges from several
dozen to several hundred persons.8,17,22,23,28,33,39-41 Therefore, the overall
prevalence and impact of UI on the US elderly
population remains unknown. The primary
purpose of this study was to investigate
the prevalence of UI among the elderly using
a sample of Medicare managed care
enrollees. The self-rated health and the presence
of depression in the UI and non-UI subjects
were also compared.
Data Source. The Medicare Health Outcomes
Survey (HOS), formerly titled Health
of Seniors, was the first large-scale subject-based
outcomes measure funded by the
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
to assess the quality of care provided to
Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in managed
care.42 A random sample was selected and
surveyed every spring, and the same respondents
were surveyed again 2 years later. The
first baseline cohort was surveyed in May
1998, which was composed of 279 135 Medicare
beneficiaries enrolled in 269 Medicare
+ Choice Organizations from 287 market
areas.42 A combination of mail and phone
surveys was used to collect the data. A
returned survey was considered "complete"
if at least 80% of the response items were
completed and 3 specific questions about
the respondent's overall health status were
answered. The final response rate was about
60%. More detailed descriptions about the
data collection process were reported elsewhere.43 In this study, only those respondents
aged 65 years and older were included
in the analyses.
The HOS is a self-administered survey
that includes several questions on demographics,
health status, depression, comorbid
medical conditions, and the SF-36. The
3 health status questions focus on the subject's
general health, health compared
with 1 year ago, and health compared with
their peers. Each question was measured
on a 5-point scale from 1 (excellent/much
better now) to 5 (poor/much worse now).
Depression was measured by 3 yes/no questions:
(1) In the past year, have you had 2
weeks or more during which you felt sad,
blue, or depressed, or when you lost interest
or pleasure in things that you usually cared
about or enjoyed?; (2) In the past year, have
you felt depressed or sad much of the time?;
and (3) Have you ever had 2 years or more
in your life when you felt depressed or sad
most days, even if you felt okay sometimes?
The SF-36 is a widely used instrument in
health services research for assessing health-related
QOL. The validity and reliability of
this instrument has been established for
measuring QOL in large populations of both
healthy and diseased individuals.44-46 Scores
of the 8 dimensions of SF-36 range from zero
(the worst QOL) to 100 (the best QOL). To
compare with the general US population, the
zero to 100 scores are also transformed to
standardized scores (mean of 50, standard
deviation of 10), with a score of 50 representing
the national average for a given scale
or summary score. In this study, the standardized
scores were used.
The question, "Do you have difficulty
controlling urination?" in the HOS survey
was used to identify respondents suffering
from UI. Respondents were classified as the
UI or non-UI group depending on whether
they answered "yes" or "no" to the same
question; persons denying the condition
were unable to be distinguished. A checklist
of various comorbidities was included in the
survey. Eleven common medical conditions
that have been reported to have adverse
effects on QOL47 were included in this study
as covariates; they are hypertension, angina
pectoris, congestive heart failure, myocardial
infarction, other heart conditions,
stroke, emphysema/asthma/chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD), arthritis of
the hip/knee, arthritis of the hand/wrist,
cancer, and diabetes.
Statistical Methods. The chi square test
was used to compare the distributions of
demographic characteristics, depression,
comorbidities, and perceived health status
among the UI group and non-UI group. Two-tailed
Student's t-test was used to compare
each domain of the SF-36 scores between
the 2 groups.
A multiple regression model was conducted
for each of the 8 domains and the 2 summary
scores of the SF-36. The impact of UI
on the QOL scores was estimated, after controlling
for age, sex, race, marital status,
education level, and the 11 common medical
conditions listed above. All analyses were
conducted with SPSS for Windows (Version
11.0). Findings were considered statistically
significant if P <.05.
Characteristics of Subjects. Of the
141 815 respondents who completed the
survey, 60.3% were between the ages of 65 to
74 years old, 90.3% were Caucasian, 58%
were women, and 59.1% were married. One
third (36.0%) had graduated from high
school or held a General Educational Development
diploma, and another one third
(37.3%) had at least some college education
or a 2-year college degree.
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text:
Here's a guest-post from my cousin, Mrs. Darling. She previously shared information on how to raise a family on one income (here's part two). The third part to that series will appear here in August.
It's another gorgeous morning filled with birdsong.
It's also the beginning of another busy week. We spent all Sunday afternoon running from store to store in search of a TV. Now we didn't just go out all willy-nilly. Oh no! My husband has a charted plan in his complicated head every time he shops for something. He already knew exactly where the sales were from pouring over the paper. You say, "Oh yeah, he looked at the Sunday paper and pulled out the ads." No my friend, he looked at months worth of Sunday papers. He's been all over the internet. He's stopped many times on his way home from work to check out sales. That's how my husband shops!
So we went to Best Buy for a great deal on a 30″ HDTV. He actually may have bought that TV, so convinced was he by his research that the TV and price were superior. But you see he took me along. I don't want a 30″ TV. I want nothing less than a 37″ model.
Our downstairs living room is strange, comprising two sets of glass sliding doors, the hallway door, the door into the front entry, a brick wall for the stove, and openings on both sides of the brick wall that lead into another room. Do you see where I'm going with this? There are no walls to put any furniture on! The only full wall in that room is on the opposite side of the room from the TV.
Our little 26-incher is hard to see from across the room. I'm always trying to compensate by moving the furniture in a circle around the TV. It looks ridiculous to say the least.
Now of course, we're getting a new TV for other reasons than just that it's too small. Oh my, yes. The size of the TV would never warrant a new one in hubby's book, although it's more than enough reason for me. Nope, the real reason he's looking for a new TV is because this one is 24 years old and the light is going out on it. It has a sensor that is old and aged.
You can't watch the TV in a dark room because you cant see the pic. Daytime is usually fine but even with the lights on in the evening the TV can suddenly decide it doesn't want to work. The other night I wanted to see Primetime so badly that I watched the entire thing with a flashlight pointed at the sensor to fool the TV into thinking there was more light in the room. Now that, my folks, is primitive!
Oh yes, we have a 52″ HDTV upstairs in the family room but it gets the satellite dish and hubby was watching a show so I couldn't use it. So, having established months ago that we need a new TV, we leave the store without one because I refuse to be comforted by a 30″ model.
I knew that by not agreeing to the size, I was delaying the purchase of a TV by many months. But my dear husband also knew that I have always said we needed to go bigger in that living room. So why did he spend all his time researching the 30″ ones? I'll never know!
We left Best Buy without a TV. God forbid that we should just buy a bigger one that was on sale too. He had not researched the bigger ones, and in high definition the pic quality lessens the bigger you go, or so says my husband. We dare not purchase something without further investigation.
So we leave to go to G.I. Joe's. My husband is looking for a bike rack for the back of the Expedition. Ah, now you're thinking he just decided to buy a bike rack instead of the TV? Wrong. The bike rack had been researched almost as much as the TV and you guessed it: bike racks were on sale at G.I. Joe's. He knew this. He had checked the ads! After wiggling the bike rack back and forth and examining the welding and the screws hubby pronounces to no one in particular that he could make a better bike rack than that.
That was the end of the bike rack for that day. He will wait for another sale or make his own. No one's work is on the same par as my husbands! I used to think this was all in hubby's mind until he built 1400 square feet onto this house and every inspector that showed up gasped in amazement at the craftsmanship. So I no longer doubt that his work is superior. However there is a problem with him doing it himself. He never gets it done! Sshh, that's our secret.
My darling lives on his own timetable. He marches to a different drummer than most anybody I know! It's now been eight years since we started the remodel, and the old part of the house lies in various degrees of "undoneness". If you mention this to him he blinks like a groundhog seeing daylight in February! He's certain time is holding still for him to finish.
I want a tree-fort built for Peter. I'm worried. Folks, he hasn't even started researching it! The research could take months because of course he will never just build a Huck Finn-type tree fort! I remind him that he can't take eight years to build it or poor little Peter will be 13 years old and no longer in need of a fort!
Where was I? Oh yes, at G. I. Joe's, and now the kids are looking at helmets so they can ride four-wheelers. Daddy looks at them with the kids, but you guessed it — there's no purchase. Why not? Lets say it together, "He hasn't done the research yet!" Good. You're getting the idea.
On the way out, I spied some darling camp chairs in cute little football and soccer ball shapes. I knew better than to mention a desire to have one for the kids. I determined to come back later and buy them with my own money. They were only $29.95 a piece! (I saw them later at Walmart for $17.88!)
Out we went without a single purchase: no bike rack, no bike helmets, and no camping chairs. It's on to Walmart! My sweetheart has seen a good deal on a bigger swimming pool for the kids, so we go to check it out. While we're there he checks on bike racks and TVs for good measure!
Gas is $3.19 a gallon. It would cost one dollar to come back if one happened to lose track of why one had really gone to the big city to begin with. My husband never gets distracted by all the bright colored patio dishes on sale, or the cute little kids swimsuits and sippy cups. He's on a mission and never loses sight of what he came for. We left Walmart empty handed, too. Well, not totally empty handed. His money was still carefully fisted away in his wallet so one could never use the term empty handed.
From Walmart we continue to Costco. My husband is hitting all these stores in the order they come. That's right. You'll never see him going back-and-forth like a bat in broad daylight. His course has been carefully charted at the kitchen table in such a way that he saves both time and money. No matter how I try to take it all in order, it never happens, but he accomplishes it.
At Costco we check the swimming pools again. The pool he wants is 18′ in diameter and 4-1/2′ deep. It says so on the box! And we're in luck. One of the pools of just that size is set up as a floor model. Now I trust what the box says. Dont you? I mean if it says it's 18′, then I assume it's 18′. Not my husband. I hear him muttering to himself, "I cant believe I didn't bring my tape measure. Eighteen feet. I wonder if that's exactly 18 feet." I walk away. My sanguine, impulsive self has seen too much today.
We leave Costco without a swimming pool and without the cute playhouse the kids wanted so badly or the big fluffy beach towels I had drooled over. Three hours after leaving the house we are back home.
My husband's money is safe! No frivolous purchases have been made. No sirree! In fact, no purchases have been made period.
We have been shopping for three hours and we have only spent one dollar, and that was on gas! Is it any wonder that with only one income, everything we own, including our house, is paid for in full?
We get in the door and hubby walks to the table and rechecks the ad on the bike rack. He hates false advertising and this was a sure case of it if he ever did see one: cheap, flimsy, bike rack. He'll make one of his own. It will be beautiful and every weld will be perfect. It should be finished in roughly two years…if we're lucky.


text:
10 Best Of 2019 Chevy Pickup Pictures – Chevrolet, colloquially Called Chevy and formally the Chevrolet Division of General Motors Company, is an American automobile division of the American Maker General Motors (GM). Louis Chevrolet and ousted General Motors creator William C. Durant began the company about November 3, 1911 as the Chevrolet Motor Vehicle Company. Durant utilized the Chevrolet Motor Car Company for a controlling stake in General Motors using a reverse osmosis occurring on May 2, 1918 and steered back himself into the GM presidency. Right after Durant's second ousting in 1919, Alfred Sloan, with his maxim"a car for every purse and purpose", would pick the Chevrolet new to develop into the quantity pioneer at the General Motors family, attempting to sell mainstream cars to contend together with Henry Ford's Model T in 1919 and over-taking Ford since the best selling car within the united states of america by 1929.
Download Image, Source : pander.us
Chevrolet-branded automobiles have been sold generally in most automotive markets throughout the world, In Oceania," Chevrolet is symbolized with its Australian subsidiary, Holden, with came back to the region at 2018 following having a 50-year absence with the launch of this Camaro and Silverado pickup truck. Back in 2005, Chevrolet was relaunched in Europe, chiefly selling vehicles assembled by GM Daewoo of South Korea with all the tagline"Daewoo was grown enough to eventually become Chevrolet", a move wrapped in General Motors' effort to construct a worldwide new round Chevrolet. With the reintroduction of Chevrolet into Europe, GM planned Chevrolet for a main stream price brand, while GM's traditional European standard-bearers," Opel of Germany, along with Vauxhall of United Kingdom would be transferred . But, GM reversed the move in overdue 2013, declaring the brand could be removed from Europe, with the exception of the Camaro and Corvette in 20-16. Chevrolet motor vehicles will probably last to get promoted in the CIS states, including Russia. After normal Motors entirely acquired GM Daewoo in 2011 to create GM Korea, the previous usage of this Daewoo automotive brand name had been stopped in its own indigenous South Korea and succeeded by Chevrolet.
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In the united states, Chevrolet sells and produces a wide scope of autos, from subcompact automobiles to medium-duty commercial vans. Due to the prominence and name-recognition of Chevrolet as truly one of General Motors' global marques, Chevrolet, Chevy or Chev can be used occasionally as a synonym for standard Motors or its own particular products, one example being the GM LS1 engine, commonly known by the name or some variant of its progenitor, the Chevrolet small-block motor.


text:
Construction Alliance Northeast (CAN), which was officially launched a year ago to represent the interests of over 500 SME companies in the regional construction and contracting sector, has launched a Construction Charter.
The aim of the charter is to create awareness about the need to re-think public procurement strategy so that regional SMEs get a better chance to compete for contracts in the open market.
Intent on highlighting the need for organisations to adopt 'intelligent procurement practice', the charter sets out a six point plan for public sector procurement reform, highlighting the need for a greater focus in tender documentation on increasing local contractor participation as well as the inclusion of social, economic and environmental considerations, particularly on carbon footprint reduction and the eco benefits of using regional rather than national contractors.
Training, job creation, apprenticeships and best practice in line with national examples are also cited as important areas within any regional tendering process to ensure that local SMEs are not excluded by tightly drawn selection criteria, which in the past, have focused on high turnover and a track record of similar framework experience
Commenting on the development of the charter, Jeff Alexander, chief executive of CAN, said:
"During the recession many regional construction businesses were badly affected by the lack of private sector development. At the same time, the shift in public sector procurement practice resulted in national and large regional framework agreements for publicly funded projects and many of the region's long established smaller and medium sized construction firms as well as tier one consultants were locked out. Some went out of business. With the new Construction Charter we have developed, we hope to ensure this situation does not arise again.
"The companies CAN represents have a combined turnover of some £3 billion and employ in excess of 10,000 people. Between them they are in a prime position to make a significant contribution to regional GDP. Given the recent forecast for construction output and the opportunities generated by the UK leaving the EU, there is a chance for rules on public procurement strategy to be urgently reviewed so that there is more of a level playing field for regional companies."
One of the biggest opportunities for SME contractors regionally is to secure a place on the North East Procurement Organisation's (NEPO) Building Construction Framework and its related supply chain, which is due to be re-tendered in May 2017.
Ken Parkin, a CAN committee member and construction specialist, has been welcomed by NEPO as CAN's representative in a liaison role in the redesign of its tender documentation for the new construction framework so that it reflects more intelligent procurement practice and to provide input to the process from a wide range of regional companies.
NEPO's Michael Curtis, Regional Category Specialist for Construction, has been keen to work with CAN and other regional bodies to ensure that the next framework advertised provides an opportunity for companies of all sizes. NEPO began a period of extensive consultation in October last year and is taking on board much of the industry feedback it receives in developing the next tender.
He said: "In addition to working with CAN, NEPO has undertaken market consultation to engage with, and listen to, the supply base. This has been invaluable and as a result, we will simplify evaluation criteria in order to open up the opportunity to regional firms and this should provide an opportunity to SMEs who obviously play a key role in shaping the economy in the North East."
Mark Thompson, managing director of Ryder Architecture and North East Local Enterprise Partnership board member added:
"The North East LEP is fully committed to supporting the development of a multidisciplinary construction strategy for the region, which should support CAN's Construction Charter at a regional level and look at all areas of construction-related skills. The North East Strategic Economic Plan highlights the importance of infrastructure, new homes and work space as a key driver for the North East economy and cohesive approach to construction is fundamental to achieving the SEP's targets of creating 100,000 more and better jobs for the region by 2024."
Jeff Alexander added: "From our own research with the 12 regional local authorities and other public sector bodies we know that some organisations are already taking steps to implement fairer procurement policies which put local companies first whenever possible.
"In this respect, Sunderland City Council has recently launched its own Construction Charter and expects all construction companies who secure contracts from the Council to fully comply with this charter. This is a really encouraging sign from a progressive local authority.
"Lessons must be learned from the past. North East England is perfectly placed to be a beacon of best practice and I would urge all local authority and public sector procurement teams to sign up to our Construction Charter to bring procurement back within the reach of regional companies."


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Dining Room Decorating Ideas Pleasant
Dining room decorating ideas – To decorate the family dining room, several styles can be applied, but the contemporary decoration offers a very attractive aesthetic, in addition to providing several benefits that meet all needs, within these, it should be noted that it does not matter if the dining room is large or the opposite is counted on a small dining room, the contemporary style guarantees the beauty of the environment. In the contemporary style, large-scale works of art are much appreciated, so to decorate the dining room, you can hang an outstanding work of art or a spectacular sculpture for a corner of space.
The contemporary style, prefer natural fabrics such as cotton, wool, leather and linen, which greatly helps to give warmth and comfort to the environment, since the straightness and brightness, could sometimes give the feeling of coldness and not pleasant for dining room decorating ideas. Something important to take into account, is that the fabrics should be smooth, avoiding as much as possible prints of any kind. The ornate furniture does not work in a contemporary style decoration. It is well known that plants cannot be lacking in the decoration of the house regardless of the style that is our preference.
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For the center of the table you can place some orchids. Remember that the style of pots and vases should be the same trend as the rest of the furniture: simple and pure lines. The plants in dining room decorating ideas will give a fresh and pleasant feeling as well as making the space more cozy. We already mentioned that the size does not matter to give the dining room of the house all the beauty and personality of the contemporary style, in fact, it is an excellent option for the characteristics that distinguish it, where the simplicity and luminosity stand out.Incoming search terms:dining room decorating ideas pleasant


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Case Study 2: Applying Social Work Theories Understand David
Kaneisha Young
University of Texas at Arlington
Keywords: Adolescent, Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Sexual Orientation, Erikson, Kegan, Levison, Bolivian,
Life is full of changes and challenges. In order to fully grasp the changes and challenges, one must be able to understand a person's life span by being able to identify all aspects of the individual's life. Depending on the complexity of the challenges that arise, an advocate maybe needed to assist in troubleshooting the issues. The purpose of this paper is to understand different theories when an adolescent struggles with disclosing his sexual orientation to his parents, his family, his friends and his school mates. David is a 17 year old high school student that is struggling with such conflicting feelings and how they will affect the other relationships in his life. I will also explore social systems and institutions that promote or block David's well-being.
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Adolescence is an important and imperative period of transition to adulthood from childhood. Development spurts, self-character, development physically, and continuation of mental health are among the many stages that occur affecting adolescent development. Many would consider teenage years an exciting time of in a child's life. Theorist Erik Erikson divulged that people progress through a series of stages. He came to the conclusion that each stage resulted in developmental conflict. For example, when life stage identity versus role diffusion specifies an adolescent assumes a sense of identity, where they are going throughout everyday life or soon, they would be confounded about their character. Psychologist Keagan's developmental stage affiliation versus abandonment focuses on adolescent searching for membership, and acceptance versus a sense of being left behind, rejected, or abandoned (Hutchison, 2015, p.235). Daniel Levinson developed a Theory of life structure: Novice phase including ages 17 to 33 in which young personalities continue to develop and prepare to differentiate from their family's origin (Hutchison, 2015, p.276). Each of these theories is applied to David, a 17year old student who wants to come out to his parents. In this paper I will apply and investigate the speculations to increase clear a more profound comprehension of David. I will likewise take a gander at various social frameworks and establishments advance or square David's prosperity. I will also look at different social systems and institutions at hand promote or block David's well-being.
Case Background
David C. is a 17 year old student at Jefferson High School. He is on the varsity baseball team as a center fielder. His parents are traditional Bolivians. His dad David, Sr. teaches history and is the varsity soccer coach at Jefferson, his mom is a geriatric nurse. David has a younger sister Patti, who is in the 8th grade and attends a Magnet School. David refers to his sister as "Patti perfect" while he refers to himself as the freak of the family because his family thinks he is "different, arrogant, and stubborn".
David has a difficult confession to make to his family and it is killing him holding it in. He is gay. To further complicate the situation, he has a crush on Theo who is a junior at his school but David doesn't know how to approach him. There are a few seniors at Jefferson High School who have come out but most of them are not student athletes and he doesn't spend any time with them. When David is around his teammates or other kids from his school, he conducts himself as if he is straight. He talks about girls and their bodies which is extremely difficult because he is not being himself. David admits at age 13, he had suicidal thoughts because he knew that men were suppose to be with women not other men. He was confused and felt like his feelings were not normal (Hutchison, 2015, p.223).
Erikson Theory of Development: Life Stage Identity Vs. Role Diffusion
Stage five in Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development is identity versus role diffusion. In this stage, adolescents between the ages of 12-18 begin to develop a coherent sense of self and individual character through a severe investigation of individual qualities, convictions, and objectives. During this stage adolescents are inquisitive about who they are, what makes them happy, and what they want to be; "failing to complete this task successfully leaves the adolescent without a solid sense of identity" (Hutchison, 2015, p.236).
In the article Adolescence: A Literary Passage written by Adler and Clark illustrates and examines the depiction of adolescent development in honor books using Erikson and Gilligan's theories. Findings indicated that most characters passed through stage five of Erikson's theory and seemed to successfully transition, into roles and values which are established as essential, and the youth feels a sense of obligation and commitment to them. One challenge is the balancing of commitments which often make competing demands. The positive side of the struggle is a sense of identity (a sense of continuity and consistency of the self over time). The negative side is a sense of confusion about one's identity or role. A positive resolution is also likely to entail the emergence of fidelity–"the ability to sustain loyalties freely pledged in spite of the inevitable contradictions and confusions of value systems (Adler & Clark, 1991).
The adolescence stage is a time of significant changes biologically, psychologically and socially. Applying Erikson's theory identity versus role diffusion will help me gain a better understanding of David's emotional distress while keeping his secret undisclosed from family. At the age of 13 David was experiencing a sexual orientation confusion and was not quite sure if his feelings were accurate, which then lead him to experience self-doubt of normality and imbued his mind of suicidal ideations. During puberty, many lesbians and gays begin to recognize that they may be homosexual. In this period, lesbian and gay adolescents frequently experience confusion, because most children are encouraged by society to become heterosexual (Newman & Muzzonigro, 1993). In David's early adolescent years he was in the process of developing a sense of identity and subsequently caused more stress on himself because what he was taught by society did not match with what he was feeling. Research suggest that sexual minority youth have a higher prevalence of emotional distress, depression, self-harm, and suicidal attempts than heterosexual youth (Hutchison, 2016, p.253). But despite his challenge with his mental health, David was able to navigate through Erikson's stage of realizing who he is, if he didn't navigate through this stage David would be at risk of denial, severe psychological issues and identity crisis.
Levinson's Theory of Life Structure: Novice Phase
In 1978 Daniel Levinson a psychologist, developed a comprehensive adult developmental theory of life structure. "He describes adulthood as a period of undulating stability and stress signified by transitions that occur at specific chronological time during life transitions" (Hutchins, 2015, p.276). The term "life structure" was coined by Levinson after performing research during the 'depression'. It is derived from the facts on how a person's life is shaped according to his social status and this environment. Levinson considered individuals of the ages 17 to 33 to be in the novice phase. Amid this stage youthful grown-ups leave the pre-adult stage and identities keep on creating, planning to separate from their family's beginnings.
David grew up in a traditional Bolivian family home. Bolivian culture emphasizes on family, children, marriage and community. Both parents are well educated with good jobs and his sister who he refers to as "Perfect Patti" (Hutchison, 2015, p. 223) attends a magnet school. David is aware that his sexual orientation is not part of his parents' expectations and unveiling his secret puts his relationship with his family at risk of being more strained. Pistella, Salvati, Ioverno, Laghi, ; Baiocco (2016) discovered coming out to relatives has been identi?ed in writing as a major test that could upset family connections; in specific situations, it is related with between parental con?ict and guardians' psychological wellness issues. While David believes he is the family's freak because of his personality and actions, he might be struggling more with how the relationship may become more strained after he comes out. David believes his parents want him to follow their family's culture, by dating a girl and being in a heterosexual relationship. It seems that David has been hiding this secret for about four or more years and he can no longer hold it any longer and coming out will foster his psychological health. As I continue to examine David's circumstance, I can understand why it is imperative for him to come out to his family, but I also understand the risk of him coming out. His family may not be receptive in his secret and could possibly disown him. "Coming out to one's heterosexual family members always carries some risk of being disavowed and losing one's ties to biological kin" (McCann, 2010).
Kegan Affiliation versus Abandonment
Affiliation is characterized as a person who is closely associated with a group, party, association or individual while abandonment is feeling of dismissal and separation. Psychologist Robert Kegan believes another stage should be embedded between Erikson's psychosocial development model of middle childhood and adolescence. Kegan suggested before a person work on psychological identity, early adolescents face psychosocial conflict of affiliation versus abandonment (Hutchison, 2015, p.236), which means acknowledgment or dismissal is a noteworthy worry during the adolescent years. During this stage a person's main concern is feeling accepted by others or a group. Otherwise they become fearful of being rejected, abandoned, alienated or left behind.
Kegan's theory focuses on early adolescent search of acceptance. David is considered a jock of his high school because of his affiliation of the baseball team, but he fears that he will be abandoned and rejected once he comes out to his peers. David is aware of other students who are gay but none of which is not part of an organization in which he is affiliated with. When David is around his teammates and other students from the school he puts on a mask and hides who he truly is by engaging in conversations about girls and their bodies. He mentions that it is extremely hard for him to portray to others the person who he truly is. Taking from the article The Experience of Coming Out as a Gay Male Athlete, Fenwich and Simpson obtain future insight to understand the experience of gay male athletes coming out. "The study revealed that these athletes were in fact faced with prejudice and were witnesses of homophobic slurs among teammates, which affected their decision to come out" (Fenwich, Simpson, 2017, p.148), and caused them to feel lonely. While David seems to be happy about being affiliated with a group on the other hand, he does not showcase his true identity while around them. The challenge for David is connecting with other students who also identify as gay and being able to comfortably hang around his teammates as himself instead of portraying himself to be another person. Why would he not have fear of rejection and abandonment issues since he has yet disclosed is secret to his teammates and fellow classmates?
Social Systems and Institutions Promoting or Blocking Well-Being
As I work with David, I will explore social systems and institutions that "emphasize ways that impact his life" (Hutchison, 2015, p. 295). While looking at David's environment, I can't help but think about how social systems promote or block his well-being in society. In David's case, it seems that healthcare institutions will promote his well-being by educating David on sex and diseases that can be transmitted during sex. David has a crush on Theo and wants to hang out with him. By educating himself, David will be able to take the appropriate precautions to make sure they both are practicing safe sex if it ever reaches a point in engaging into sexual activity. Seeing that David is struggling with coming out to his family and peers. It appears that mass media may be a useful platform supporting those battling with coming out. "Research indicates that policymakers and producers should take into account how cultural contact through social media shape opinions and values all over the world. The Internet, Facebook, Instagram remain powerful socializing mechanisms through which younger generations come into contact with the current generation of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning young people. But mass media can also block David's well-being by impacting his self-esteem by causing stress and negative emotions or thoughts of others that are not so accepting. As I review these social institutions, I can fully comprehend how David influences can either promote or block his well-being in society.
Viewing David from various theories of Erikson Psychosocial Development Theory, Levinson's Life Structure: Novice Phase, and Kegan's Theory, helped me better understand the struggles he is facing as a gay teenager in the "closet". It is evident that David has established a coherent understanding of who he is but the primary issue is he has not been able to express who he is with others and his family. Seeing that David has no outlet for his secret he has experienced emotional distress at a young age which lead him to falsifying who he is around family and his schoolmates, which resulted in him having a hard time identifying with a people. As David reveals his secret he is aware that he will be at risk of strained relationships. However, if David utilize the social systems and institutions around him in society his well-being would be promoted and essential when he comes and friends.
Adler, E. S., & Clark, R. (1991). Adolescence: A Literary Passage. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.uta.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=4&sid=386569c6-964b-4027-8463-6ffb06621a0d%40sessionmgr101&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=1992-19251-001&db=psyh
Fenwick, D., & Simpson, D. (2017). The Experience of Coming Out as a Gay Male Athlete. Journal of Sport Behavior, 20(2), 131-156. Retrieved from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.uta.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=3&sid=fc167e94-a3d4-453d-a2d9-c7788f2f591b%40sdc-v-sessmgr03
Hutchison, E. D. (2015). Dimensions of Human Behavior Person and Environment (5th ed.). California, United States of America: Sage Publications.
Hutchison, E. D. (2015). Dimensions of human behavior: The changing life course (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
McCann, D. (2010). Commentary on 'Coming Out Tales': Adult Sons and Daughters' Feelings About Their Gay Father's Sexual Identity. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy (ANZJFT), 31(4), 338-339. doi:10.1375/anft.31.4.338
Newman, B. S., & Muzzonigro, P. G. (1993). The effects of traditional family values on the coming out process of gay male adolescents. Retrieved from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.uta.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=7&sid=fc253a25-3815-4756-93e9-e8fe9c051ac7%40sdc-v-sessmgr02&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=1993-25239-001&db=psyh
Pistella, J., Salvati, M., Ioverno, S., Laghi, F., & Baiocco, R. (2016). Coming-Out to Family Members and Internalized Sexual Stigma in Bisexual, Lesbian and Gay People. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(12), 3694-3701. doi:10.1007/s10826-016-0528-0


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Posted By Debabrata Nath | On 06th, Apr. 2011 Under News
Rockstar's confirmed that another new L.A Noire trailer will be released tomorrow.
Like the previous announcement, they revealed this message via an image, which clearly mentions that this trailer will be made public tomorrow.
L.A Noire's looking good so far and is ready to release this May for PS3 and Xbox 360.
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This DVD provides technical instruction on how to safely and correctly execute the log, stones, sled, farmers walk, yoke and tire flip. This tapes go into detail on how use these events for GPP and other functional training for athletes.
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In today's fast-evolving and highly competitive economic landscape where every cent counts, even the smallest decrease in expenses can have a big impact on your business' profitability.
So, if you're looking for ways to shave off overhead expenses, you've come to the right place. Here is a guideline that will help you create cost-effective but smart solutions that will help increase your small business cash flow and profit margins while protecting your interests.
Customers, clients, and collaborative partners are increasingly becoming more exacting because of the highly competitive business environment that exists today. Professional liability insurance is essential for businesses that provide professional service or advice. It will help you safeguard your business from claims of mistakes, misrepresentation, and negligence. Simply put, if a third-party claims that your products, services, or employees caused them financial loss, this comprehensive cover will help save you from financial ruin.
According to Internet World Stats, as of June 2019, there were over 4.4 billion users on the internet. Companies reap massive awards online by employing various digital marketing tools and positioning themselves across various social media platforms. It's a low-cost, high-result strategy that will drive more traffic to your virtual doorstep, increase revenue, and better your return on investment (ROI). So, if you don't already have an online presence, it's time you jump onto this bandwagon.
Depending on the amount of profit you can plow back into your business, employing technology is an effective way to decrease costs. From cloud computing and online payment services to customer relationship management software (CRM) and teleconferencing, there is a myriad of solutions that will help improve the bottom line.
Using a business credit card to clear overheads might alleviate the pressure in the short-haul, but it isn't a sustainable solution in the long run. With crippling interest rates, fees, and hidden charges, your profits are getting eaten into faster than if you employed an alternative way to pay off your business expenses, like with cash or a debit card instead.
While the cost of paper, ink, and postage may seem negligible, it is a contributing factor to the overall expense of running your business. From re-using paper for rough work and notes and utilizing electronic file exchange as opposed to courier service to always printing on double sides, there are a host of cost-cutting solutions you can employ to help lower this overhead.
Budgeting forms an integral part of business success because it will help guide your business. From focusing on cash flows and reducing costs to increasing return on investment, a budget will help you plan and control your finances while mitigating the risk of financial failure further down the line.
Of course, there are several other ways you can cut expenses like reducing your office space, exploring alternative business locations, and even lowering staffing costs. Some might not be the most viable solutions for you, which is why you need to focus on simple solutions that will provide you with excellent cost-benefit ratios and help you scale that ladder of success- faster and safer.


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That said, I stopped breastfeeding at three weeks for LO because she wasn't thriving. And guess what, to this day she still eats constantly. "...she dares to indulge in the secret sport. You can't be a MILF with the F, at least in part because the M is predicated upon it."-CBB
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text: Planning and EnvironmentClimateChangeWaste andRecycling Illegal DumpingToolkitPlanning and Development Local government plays a key role in both planning and environmental policy in the community, and holds key responsibilities in each sector. While local government has always played an important role in planning, property rates and services, the sector today also holds responsibilities for development assessment and is involved in environmental management. Councils implement both their own and state driven environmental policies, with the LGA contributing project support and resources to help them to work collaboratively. Planning and environmental policy are an important way in which the LGA supports councils to help build communities and equip councils for the future. Planning and Environment Further information on the LGA's Planning and Environment projects are only available to member councils. Member Councils click here. Public Quicklinks Discover SA Councils Careers in Council Libraries Waste Council Rates Dog and Cat Management Latest NewsView AllEventsView AllQuicklinksCareers in CouncilMy Local ServicesDiscover SA CouncilsSA Councils Event CalendarThe value in LGA membershipCouncil RatesConnect With Us facebook.com/LGAofSA twitter.com/LGAofSA youtube.com/LGAofSASubscribe toNews & Alerts A summary of the circulars is distributed weekly by email every Friday morning.Click here to subscribe.


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If you have bad credit, you will find it difficult getting financing for a new car.
Credit rating agencies use a score that is based on your repayment history. If you have bad credit you will find yourself buying a car at higher interest rates. While you may have the best intentions to keep your credit rating score high, unfortunate circumstances can lead to bankruptcy or default.
However, your bad credit history should not prevent you from purchasing a new car. We are going to offer you tips on how to maneuver your way around it but be prepared to pay higher vehicle purchase cost.
Increasing your down payment
Interest rates and taxes will be higher when you have a bad credit history. When you have a larger down payment you reduce on all these. You also get more options when it comes to the type of car. Ensure you check all available auto loan rates before settling on one. The fact that you have bad credit does not mean you should just settle on any auto loan available.
Pay what you can afford
An auto loan can be tempting but you need to factor in utility bills. If you have nothing left after paying principal and interest for the car then the probability of defaulting on an existing loan are higher. Come up with a visible budget and stick to it. A budget comprises of your monthly income, minus your monthly household expenses.
What remains is what you can afford to pay for your car loan. Remember to factor in emergencies. You will also need to add the cost of maintaining the car through fuel costs and insurance in your car budget.
Avoid paying for luxuries immediately
It is wonderful having a car with extras like leather seats, air conditioning or state of the art stereo. These extras put an extra burden on your monthly loan repayments. You can sacrifice on these extras and add them to your car later.
Read the fine print
Many car buyers with bad credit may be so excited about getting a car loan that they do not read the fine lines when getting their car loan approved. You will need to know what happens when you default and after paying for the car halfway. You should also ensure that the terms made verbally match those on the legal paperwork.
Be wary of car dealers who make many promises as these can be missing on the paperwork. You can have your lawyer accompany you during the signing. Most of the car scam dealers are often too enthusiast to sell you a car. If the terms are unbelievable, it could be a sign to walk away.
Purpose of owning a car
The type of car that you purchase will depend on the purpose of the car. If you have a large family and you may opt for a station wagon or SUV. If you use the car for a daily commute and are concerned about fuel costs and two-door sedan or hybrid car may be worth the purchase.
There those who work in the construction industry and need something big for hauling tools and raw materials, a pickup will work fine for them.
Review car prices
You can check car prices from the various online car sellers website. This will help you explore different models and get you one with the best price.
Help from family and friends
If you have bad credit you can ask family or friends help you make a down payment. They may act as your guarantor, which may reduce your interest rate. Loans from family members are low risk but should you fail to pay them you risk a ruined relationship.
Getting a loan
Carry with you some form of identification when visiting your lender. This includes utility bills, driving license and proof of ability to repay the loan. While none of these documents will improve your credit rating they increase your chances of getting a loan. You can try out your local credit unions.
These not-for-profit organizations that offer lower interest rates than most financial institutions. You will need to be a member and save some amounts to build credibility. It can take some time to have your loan approved by a credit union. But, you do enjoy low credit interest rates.
Purchase repossessed cars
Banks and other lenders tend to have repossessed cars. This are often 40% cheaper than conventional new cars. You can find a car in pretty good condition. With a quick trip to the mechanic, few will know that the car was repossessed.
Buying directly from a car owner
You can get lucky and find a close friend desiring to sell their car to you. Private car owners do not need to know your credit history when selling you a car. In addition, they allow you to pay in installments. You can also negotiate the price down and get a good deal.
Ensure you have all the necessary documentation when purchasing a car from a private dealer. You can check your local dailies for private car sellers.
Dealer financing
Car dealers often offer some form of car financing. The rates are, however, higher than what you find in conventional banks. Dealership offers car financing to people with bad credit but you need to read the terms carefully because the risk of defaulting and the car being repossessed is higher.
Inspect the car
When buying a car from private sellers or car dealership ensure you have your mechanic around to examine the car. You can take your mechanic for test drives so that they can listen to the response of the engine. Mechanics come in handy when checking for under the hood. They will check the engine, transmission, braking system, car exhaust and electrical components.
It is hard for someone with bad credit to find financing. However, other means of financing exist. You will need to make a large initial deposit to reduce your interest payments. You can first try borrowing money from family and friends. If this does not work check out your local credit union. These are cheaper and offer credit to people with bad credit.


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نِسَآؤُکُمۡ حَرۡثٌ لَّکُمۡ ۪ فَاۡتُوۡا حَرۡثَکُمۡ اَنّٰی شِئۡتُمۡ ۫ وَ قَدِّمُوۡا لِاَنۡفُسِکُمۡ ؕ وَ اتَّقُوا اللّٰہَ وَ اعۡلَمُوۡۤا اَنَّکُمۡ مُّلٰقُوۡہُ ؕ وَ بَشِّرِ الۡمُؤۡمِنِیۡنَ ﴿۲۲۴﴾
270. See 244. (close)
271. Anna means, (1) how; (2) when; and (3) where. (Aqrab). (close)
272. This verse constitutes an eloquent testimony to the inimitably pure and dignified language of the Qur'an. An extremely delicate subject has been dealt with in a most decent and discreet manner and the whole philosophy of marriage and conjugal relations has been given in one brief sentence, i.e. Your wives are a sort of tilth for you. A woman is indeed like a tilth in which the seed of progeny is sown. A wise husbandman selects the best soil, prepares the best tilth, secures the best seed, and chooses the best time and manner of sowing it. So should a believer do, for on the harvest which he is to reap in the form of children depends not only his own but also his community's entire future. It is to this supreme fact that the words so pointedly refer. Thus the likening of woman to tilth throws a flood of light on the morality of eugenics and sex. (close)
وَ لَا تَجۡعَلُوا اللّٰہَ عُرۡضَۃً لِّاَیۡمَانِکُمۡ اَنۡ تَبَرُّوۡا وَ تَتَّقُوۡا وَ تُصۡلِحُوۡا بَیۡنَ النَّاسِ ؕ وَ اللّٰہُ سَمِیۡعٌ عَلِیۡمٌ ﴿۲۲۵﴾
273. The word 'Urdah meaning a butt or an obstacle, it is indeed an act of blasphemy that one should use the name of Allah Who is the Fountainhead of all goodness, to abstain from doing good deeds. Again, it is a gross violation of the sanctity of Allah's name that it should be used as a butt or target for profane or purposeless oaths. This and the following verse serve as a sort of introduction to 2:227, in which the subject of swearing to keep away from one's wife has been pointedly stated. (close)
لَا یُؤَاخِذُکُمُ اللّٰہُ بِاللَّغۡوِ فِیۡۤ اَیۡمَانِکُمۡ وَ لٰکِنۡ یُّؤَاخِذُکُمۡ بِمَا کَسَبَتۡ قُلُوۡبُکُمۡ ؕ وَ اللّٰہُ غَفُوۡرٌ حَلِیۡمٌ ﴿۲۲۶﴾
a. 5:90. (close)
274. Taking an oath is a serious matter, but some men are in the habit of swearing without meaning anything. Such oaths as are taken thoughtlessly or as a matter of habit or those taken in a sudden fit of anger do not call for expiation. (close)
لِلَّذِیۡنَ یُؤۡلُوۡنَ مِنۡ نِّسَآئِہِمۡ تَرَبُّصُ اَرۡبَعَۃِ اَشۡہُرٍ ۚ فَاِنۡ فَآءُوۡ فَاِنَّ اللّٰہَ غَفُوۡرٌ رَّحِیۡمٌ ﴿۲۲۷﴾
275. After the two introductory and intervening verses in which the subject of taking oaths has been dealt with, the Qur'an now reverts to the original subject of conjugal relations. The verse speaks of those men who vow abstinence from their wives without actually divorcing them. It is, interesting to note that while approaching the subject of divorce, the Qur'an first speaks of menstruation (2:223) which is a sort of temporary and partial, though unreal, separation. Then (as in the present verse), it speaks of real though indefinite separation. And then, in the succeeding verses, it speaks of real though revocable divorce. And finally (2:231) it speaks of irrevocable divorce. A really wonderful order designed to put as many obstacles as possible in the way of divorce, which Islam recognizes and retains as a sort of necessary evil. Islam allows four months at the most to a person who swears not to approach his wife. During this period, he must either get reconciled to his wife and restore conjugal relations, or separation will be effected between the two. Islam would in no case permit indefinite separation without divorce, leaving the woman "suspended," as it were. Ila' signifies an oath of separation according to which a woman in the "Days of Ignorance" would remain in a suspended state. She could neither marry another person nor could have conjugal relations with her husband. (close)
وَ اِنۡ عَزَمُوا الطَّلَاقَ فَاِنَّ اللّٰہَ سَمِیۡعٌ عَلِیۡمٌ ﴿۲۲۸﴾
a. 2:230; 33:50; 65:2. (close)
276. With this verse begins the discussion of the Islamic law of divorce. According to this law, the husband possesses the right to divorce his wife, when legitimate necessity arises. But the right is to be exercised only on very rare occasions and in exceptional circumstances. (close)
وَ الۡمُطَلَّقٰتُ یَتَرَبَّصۡنَ بِاَنۡفُسِہِنَّ ثَلٰثَۃَ قُرُوۡٓءٍ ؕ وَ لَا یَحِلُّ لَہُنَّ اَنۡ یَّکۡتُمۡنَ مَا خَلَقَ اللّٰہُ فِیۡۤ اَرۡحَامِہِنَّ اِنۡ کُنَّ یُؤۡمِنَّ بِاللّٰہِ وَ الۡیَوۡمِ الۡاٰخِرِ ؕ وَ بُعُوۡلَتُہُنَّ اَحَقُّ بِرَدِّہِنَّ فِیۡ ذٰلِکَ اِنۡ اَرَادُوۡۤا اِصۡلَاحًا ؕ وَ لَہُنَّ مِثۡلُ الَّذِیۡ عَلَیۡہِنَّ بِالۡمَعۡرُوۡفِ ۪ وَ لِلرِّجَالِ عَلَیۡہِنَّ دَرَجَۃٌ ؕ وَ اللّٰہُ عَزِیۡزٌ حَکِیۡمٌ ﴿۲۲۹﴾٪
b. 2:235; 65:5. (close)
277. Quru' is plural of Qur' or Qar' which means, a time; menstruation; period or state of purity preceding and following a menstrual discharge, i.e. the period between two menstruations; termination of a menstruation; the period of menstruation and that of purity taken together, i.e. the whole month the time or state when a woman leaves her state of purity and enters that of menstruation (Muhit & Mufradat). Abu Bakr and 'Umar among the Companions of the Holy Prophet and Abu Hanifah and Ahmad bin Hanbal among the Imams of Jurisprudence held the view that Qur' means menstruation and not the period of purity. On the contrary, 'A'ishah and Ibn-e-'Umar among the Companions, and Malik and Shafi'i among the Imams of Jurisprudence held the opposite view (Muhit). Opinions being so balanced, it is open to a Muslim to take either of the two views, but a collective survey of relevant arguments, which need not be stated here, leads one to the conclusion that of the two the first-mentioned view seems to be more akin to reason. If however, one would like to be on the safe side, it is open to him to take the word Qur' to signify the period of menstruation and purity taken together, i.e. the whole month. (close)
278. In view of the fact that divorce is the most hateful of all lawful things in the sight of God (Dawud), it has been hedged round by many checks and limitations: (a) A husband can divorce his wife only when she is clean, i.e. in a state of purity, and he has had no sexual knowledge of her in her period of purity. (b) After the pronouncement of divorce the wife must wait for three menstruations, i.e. about three months, which period is called 'Iddat or the period of waiting. This is because this period gives the husband sufficient time to consider all the implications of his action and to allow his love for her, if there is yet a dormant spark lying smouldering somewhere, to reassert itself. (c) A divorced woman, if pregnant, must not conceal this fact from her husband, for the expected birth of a child is calculated to go a long way in bringing about reconciliation between the couple. (d) For complete and irrevocable separation there should be three divorces. After the pronouncement of the first as well as the second divorce and before the expiry of the period of waiting, the husband enjoys the privilege of taking his wife back, if he so desires. Even after the period of waiting is over, the couple can become reunited in the case of the first and second divorce by renewing the marriage tie. (close)
a. 4:35. (close)
279. As far as personal rights are concerned, the husband and the wife stand on a par, but as pointed out in 4:35 men have a supervisory authority on account of the physical advantage they possess and the financial responsibility that they carry for providing for the household. (close)
اَلطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتٰنِ۪ فَاِمۡسَاکٌۢ بِمَعۡرُوۡفٍ اَوۡ تَسۡرِیۡحٌۢ بِاِحۡسَانٍ ؕ وَ لَا یَحِلُّ لَکُمۡ اَنۡ تَاۡخُذُوۡا مِمَّاۤ اٰتَیۡتُمُوۡہُنَّ شَیۡئًا اِلَّاۤ اَنۡ یَّخَافَاۤ اَلَّا یُقِیۡمَا حُدُوۡدَ اللّٰہِ ؕ فَاِنۡ خِفۡتُمۡ اَلَّا یُقِیۡمَا حُدُوۡدَ اللّٰہِ ۙ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَیۡہِمَا فِیۡمَا افۡتَدَتۡ بِہٖ ؕ تِلۡکَ حُدُوۡدُ اللّٰہِ فَلَا تَعۡتَدُوۡہَا ۚ وَ مَنۡ یَّتَعَدَّ حُدُوۡدَ اللّٰہِ فَاُولٰٓئِکَ ہُمُ الظّٰلِمُوۡنَ ﴿۲۳۰﴾
c. 2:232; 4:130; 65:3. (close)
280. This verse contains the fifth check on divorce. A man who seeks separation from his wife must pronounce divorce on three separate occasions, each in a separate period of purity when he has not gone in unto her during that period. The pronouncement of divorce twice or thrice at one and the same time is not permissible as is hinted in the word Marratan (twice) which signifies a thing happening on two separate occasions and not two things happening at one and the same time. The Holy Prophet treated such collective pronouncements, whatever their number, as only one divorce (Tirmidhi & Dawud). According to Nasa'i, the Holy Prophet was extremely angry when one day he was told that a person had made all the three pronouncements of divorce at one and the same time and said, "Is the Book of God going to be made a plaything while I am yet among you?" After the pronouncement of the first two divorces, the husband can take back the divorced wife within 'Iddat, i.e. the period of waiting, with or without her consent; but after the period of waiting is over, he can take her back only with her consent and that after remarrying her. After the third divorce, however, the husband forfeits this right and the couple are finally separated. A Companion of the Holy Prophet once asked him saying, "The Qur'an has here spoken of two divorces only, whence comes in the third?" The Holy Prophet referred him to the words, or send them away with kindness, meaning thereby that after the first two divorces the husband could retain and remarry her if she was also agreeable to the marriage; but if he wanted irrevocable separation, he should "send her away," i.e. divorce her a third time (Jarir and Musnad). The point is further made clear in the succeeding verse. Thus the word Tasrih here signifies Talaq, i.e. divorce. (close)
281. When a person divorces his wife, he forfeits the dower-money he has given her; and if at the time of divorce he has not yet given her the dower- money, he must make the payment before the divorce becomes effective. Again, he is not allowed to take back anything he might have given her in the form of gifts and presents. (close)
282. If, however, it is the wife who demands separation, technically known as Khula', she must get it through a Qadi or judge as the words "you fear," in the plural number, hint. In this case she has to part with, in full or in part, her dowry as well as the gifts she might have received from her husband, as agreed upon by the parties or decided by the judge. The case of Jamilah, wife of Qais bin Thabit, provides a good illustration of the exercise of the right of Khula' by women. She demanded separation from her husband. Qais, on the ground that she did not like him, i.e. their temperaments being different she could not get on with him. She was granted Khula' by the Holy Prophet, but she had to return to her husband the orchard he had given her (Bukhari). (close)
فَاِنۡ طَلَّقَہَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَہٗ مِنۡۢ بَعۡدُ حَتّٰی تَنۡکِحَ زَوۡجًا غَیۡرَہٗ ؕ فَاِنۡ طَلَّقَہَا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَیۡہِمَاۤ اَنۡ یَّتَرَاجَعَاۤ اِنۡ ظَنَّاۤ اَنۡ یُّقِیۡمَا حُدُوۡدَ اللّٰہِ ؕ وَ تِلۡکَ حُدُوۡدُ اللّٰہِ یُبَیِّنُہَا لِقَوۡمٍ یَّعۡلَمُوۡنَ ﴿۲۳۱﴾
283. This verse refers to the third and final divorce after which the husband loses all right of reunion with his wife unless the divorced woman marries another man and establishes conjugal relations with him, and is then formally divorced by him or he dies, leaving her free to marry another man. By the inclusion of this provision in the law of divorce Islam has, on the one hand, enhanced the sanctity of the marriage tie which must not be trifled with; and, on the other, it has afforded yet another, though extremely remote, opportunity to the couple who once had lived as husband and wife to become reunited if they so desire. (close)
وَ اِذَا طَلَّقۡتُمُ النِّسَآءَ فَبَلَغۡنَ اَجَلَہُنَّ فَاَمۡسِکُوۡہُنَّ بِمَعۡرُوۡفٍ اَوۡ سَرِّحُوۡہُنَّ بِمَعۡرُوۡفٍ ۪ وَ لَا تُمۡسِکُوۡہُنَّ ضِرَارًا لِّتَعۡتَدُوۡا ۚ وَ مَنۡ یَّفۡعَلۡ ذٰلِکَ فَقَدۡ ظَلَمَ نَفۡسَہٗ ؕ وَ لَا تَتَّخِذُوۡۤا اٰیٰتِ اللّٰہِ ہُزُوًا ۫ وَّ اذۡکُرُوۡا نِعۡمَتَ اللّٰہِ عَلَیۡکُمۡ وَ مَاۤ اَنۡزَلَ عَلَیۡکُمۡ مِّنَ الۡکِتٰبِ وَ الۡحِکۡمَۃِ یَعِظُکُمۡ بِہٖ ؕ وَ اتَّقُوا اللّٰہَ وَ اعۡلَمُوۡۤا اَنَّ اللّٰہَ بِکُلِّ شَیۡءٍ عَلِیۡمٌ ﴿۲۳۲﴾٪
a. 2:229; 65:5. (close)
283A. The expression Balaghal-Ajala means, he approached the end of the period; or he reached the end of, or completed, the period. According to consensus of scholarly opinion, the first meaning applies here (Qurtubi). (close)
b. See 2:230. (close)
284. As is apparent from the context, the divorce spoken of here refers to the revocable divorce. After such divorce has been pronounced there are only two courses open to the husband. He may either retain his wife and treat her with kindness or may part with her in a good and becoming manner. He is not allowed to maltreat her and keep her in a state of suspense. (close)
c. 3:104. (close)
وَ اِذَا طَلَّقۡتُمُ النِّسَآءَ فَبَلَغۡنَ اَجَلَہُنَّ فَلَا تَعۡضُلُوۡہُنَّ اَنۡ یَّنۡکِحۡنَ اَزۡوَاجَہُنَّ اِذَا تَرَاضَوۡا بَیۡنَہُمۡ بِالۡمَعۡرُوۡفِ ؕ ذٰلِکَ یُوۡعَظُ بِہٖ مَنۡ کَانَ مِنۡکُمۡ یُؤۡمِنُ بِاللّٰہِ وَ الۡیَوۡمِ الۡاٰخِرِ ؕ ذٰلِکُمۡ اَزۡکٰی لَکُمۡ وَ اَطۡہَرُ ؕ وَ اللّٰہُ یَعۡلَمُ وَ اَنۡتُمۡ لَا تَعۡلَمُوۡنَ ﴿۲۳۳﴾
285. The word "husbands" mentioned in this verse may refer either to former husbands or to prospective ones. In the former case, the clause, and when you divorce women, would be taken as referring to the first or second divorce. In case the word "husbands" stands for prospective husbands, the above phrase would refer to the third or final divorce. The guardian of a divorced woman cannot prevent her from remarrying her former husband nor the former husband can prevent her from marrying a new husband. (close)


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Green Rwanda Media Review - 29 January 2018
Ministeri y'Ibidukikije yatangije igikorwa ryo kuvugurura Politiki y'Ibidukikije mu #Rwanda. Ubu harimo gukusanywa ibitekerezo by'abaturage. Wicikanwa. Tanga igitekerezo cyawe wuzuza ino nyandiko yabugenewe iri kuri interineti: http://https://goo.gl/ELeVCG
- Igihe reports that the Government of Rwanda has leased the E-waste Dismantling and Recycling Facility to Enviroserve in a deal worth US $2.6 million
- The New Times reports that the Government is prepared to fight hunger and drought Africa News writes about the benefits of Kigali's Car Free Day
- The Guardian publishes a story about hazardous billion plastic wastes disposed on coral reefs - accelerating pollution and climate change impacts
- View and download photos of the Signing Ceremony of the ten-year Lease Agreement between the Ministry of Trade and Industry and Enviroserve to manage the e-waste facility
- Read about how young people are involved in protecting and growing Rwanda's forests on the Ministry of Lands and Forestry website
Gorilla habitat expanded in Rwanda's famed Volcanoes National Park (Lonely Planet - Monday 29 January 2018) -- For the first time in three decades the boundaries of Volcanoes National Park have been expanded. It's hoped that the additional land will ease the pressure on the park's growing population of mountain gorillas, which increased in numbers from 380 in 2003 to 480 in 2010, an impressive 3.7% annual rise (the next census is due out in March this year). Read More
PHOTOS: Nairobi County joins Rwandans in Umuganda cleaning exercise (The New Times - Sunday 28 January 2018) -- As part of activities to mark 24th Heroes Day anniversary, Rwanda High Commission to Kenya in partnership with Nairobi City County organized and carried out general cleaning exercise commonly known as "Umuganda" among Rwandans. Read More
Recycling e-Waste in Rwanda (Deutsche Welle - Friday 26 January 2018) -- Electronic waste is a major problem in many African countries. Rwanda is trying to solve the problem with recycling. As part of a government initiative, the country is collecting e-waste in all 30 districts. Read more
MINICOM yakodesheje uruganda Enviroserve Rwanda Green Ltd abikorera mu myaka 10 (Imvaho Nshya - Thursday 25 January 2018) -- Minisitiri w'Ubucuruzi n'Inganda Munyeshyaka Vincent avuga ko kwegurira uruganda Enviroserve Rwanda Green Ltd abikorera ari uko bazi gucunga neza bizinesi, bakaba aribo bafite ubushobozi n'ubuhanga bwo kubikora. Read More
Leta yakodesheje uruganda rutunganya ibisigazwa by'ibikoresho by' ikoranabuhanga ku mafaranga asaga Miliyari ebyiri (Kigali Today - Thursday 25 January 2018) -- Uruganda 'Enviroserve' rutunganya ibyuma by'ikoranabuhanga rubikura mu bisigazwa by'ibindi nkabyo, rwahaye u Rwanda amadolari miliyoni 2.6$ y'ubukode bw'uruganda rugiye gukoreramo mu Rwanda. Read More
Govt ready to address drought impacts – officials (The New Times - Thursday 25 January 2018) -- The government is committed to doing whatever it takes to make sure that no Rwandan dies of hunger, officials told journalists in Kigali on Wednesday. Read more
Government leases e-waste facility (The New Times - Wednesday 24 January 2018) -- The Government is today expected to sign a ten-year lease agreement with a private investor to manage and operate the E-Waste Dismantling and Recycling facility located in Bugesera District. Read more
Kigali, From Water Bill To Sewage Bill (KT Press - Wednesday 24 January 2018) -- Kigali residents will soon start paying for their liquid waste as part of the implementation of the new sewerage project due for construction soon. Read more
Leta yeguriye umushoramari uruganda rutunganya imyanda y'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga kuri miliyoni $2.6 (Igihe - Wednesday 24 January 2018) -- Leta y'u Rwanda yagiranye amasezerano n'Umushoramari ukomeye wo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abarabu (UAE) Enviroserve, yo gucunga uruganda ruherereye mu Bugesera rutunganya imyanda y'ibikoresho bishaje by'ikoranabuhanga, mu gihe cy'imyaka icumi. Read more
Leaders Unite To Fight Waste And Pollution (Eurasia Review - Wednesday 24 January 2018) -- The heads of some of the world's largest companies such as Alphabet, The Coca-Cola Company, Royal Philips, Unilever, the Governments of Indonesia, Nigeria, the People's Republic of China and Rwanda and UN Environment, the Global Environment Facility and the World Bank have committed to efforts that cut waste and pollution. Read More
Rethinking Rwanda's town (The Independent - Tuesday 23 January 2018) -- A Large scale urbanisation has already taken place in Rwanda, with the pace of it much faster than official records suggest because the definition of urban areas needs refining. Read more
Why financial institutions should prioritise sustainable banking (The New Times - Tuesday 23 January 2018) -- Financial institutions are key players in any country's long-term sustainable development goals. Sustainable development as a concept may be strange to banks because they provide intangible services. Read more
Kigali's first monthly car free day encourages more exercises (Africa News - Monday 22 January 2018) -- For one day, every month, Rwanda's capital Kigali is a car free zone. The government initiative was launched in 2016 to cut emissions and keep Rwandans moving towards a healthier lifestyle. Read more
Pollution is a threat to our life (The New Times - Monday 22 January 2018) -- Recently, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the leading global environmental authority that sets the global environmental agenda, released its report entitled "Towards a Pollution-Free Planet." Read more
How Rwanda has tamed electronic garbage (The Observer - 10 January 2018) -- The Rwanda government has invested $1.5 million in an electronic and electrical (e-waste) management and dismantling facility located in Bugesera district, eastern province, 35 kilometres out of Kigali city. The Rwanda Green Fund-backed investment has turned around how e-waste is managed in the country, writes Pius Muteekani Katunzi. Read More
Across from Africa
Orange cave crocodiles may be mutating into new species (The Guardian - Monday 29 January 2019) -- In 2008 an archaeologist discovered crocodiles living in remote caves in Gabon. Now, genetics hint that these weird cave crocodilians may be in the process of evolving into a new species. Read More
Panic and blame as Cape Town braces for water shut-off (AFP - Sunday 28 January 2018) -- But the day, currently forecast for April 12, has been creeping closer - brought forward by the city's excessive consumption despite repeated public warnings from increasingly panicked officials. On Day Zero, the ordinary water supply will be shut down and taps will run dry. Read More
Central Africa's iconic mammals threatened by poachers, armed groups – UN environment wing (UN News Centre - Friday 19 January 2018) -- Elephants, giraffes, rhinos and other magnificent mammals targeted in wildlife conservation areas of Central Africa are under threat of extinction, caught in the crosshairs of armed groups and highly-militarized poachers, the United Nations environment wing warned on Friday. Read more
From Around the World
COP23 and beyond (Fiji Times - Thursday 25 January 2018) -- Fiji was the first small island state chosen to preside over the COP23 meeting held in Bonn in November 2017. Read more
Billions of pieces of plastic on coral reefs send disease soaring, research reveals (The Guardian - Thursday 24 January 2018) -- Billions of pieces of plastic pollution are snagged on coral reefs, sending disease rates soaring, new research has revealed. The discovery compounds the damage being done to a vital habitat that already faces an existential threat from the warming caused by climate change. Read more
Air Quality the Leading Environmental Threat to Public Health, New EPI Finds (Environment Yale - Tuesday 23 January 2018) -- The 2018 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) finds that air quality is the leading environmental threat to public health. Now in its twentieth year, the biennial report is produced by researchers at Yale and Columbia Universities in collaboration with the World Economic Forum. Read more
Sector Updates
Rwanda Green Fund e-waste investment to scale up with private sector partnership (Rwanda Green Fund - Friday 26 January 2018) -- The Ministry of Trade and Industry has signed a 10 year lease agreement with Enviroserve Rwanda Green Park (a subsidiary of Enviroserve Services LLC Dubai) to operate and expand the Rwanda E-Waste Dismantling and Recycling Facility. The facility was constructed by the Ministry of Trade and Industry through a Rwanda Green Fund (FONERWA) investment of more US $1.5 million. Read More
PHOTOS: Signing of the Lease Agreement Between Ministry of Trade and Enviroserve Rwanda Green Park (Green Fund Flickr page - Thursday 25 January 2018) -- The Rwanda E-Waste Dismantling and Recycling Facility, which was officially opened last month, will expand its operations thanks to a ten-year lease agreement being signed today between the Ministry of Trade and Industry and Enviroserve Rwanda Green Park. the facility is a result of a US $1.5 million investment from the Rwanda Green Fund to support e-waste management in Rwanda – implemented by the Ministry of Trade and Industry. Read more
Forest preservation in Rwanda: how much youth are involved (Ministry of Lands and Forestry - Thursday 25 January 2018) -- Forests preservation means a lot in human beings' daily life in most of all circumstances as they play another vital role to provide oxygen in the environment. Rwandan youth's efforts are recognized to rift up forest preservation and maintenance through social engagement following the baseline of the government. Read More
Upcoming Events
- 30 January 2018: Green Drinks Kigali on 'Green Mining in Rwanda' More Here
- 2 February 2018: World Wetlands Day
- 6 February 2018: Launch of Improved Charcoal & Wood Fuel Value Chains project by the Rwanda Environment Management Authority
- 3 March 2018: World Wildlife Day


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Coco Chanel is not only the famous inventor of a worldwide concept as popular and enriching as the little black dress, but she is also the symbol of style, attitude, pure aesthetics, excellence and fashion. She was one of the most courageous designers ever, and every Chanel design reminds us about the real principles of fashion: style, taste, artistry and craftsmanship. One of the most empowering symbols of the Chanel fashion house is the Croco bag, in its many variations, so let's see some details about an iconic bag.
10 Dec, 2009
Chanel's Croco bags are those kinds of handbags that easily inspire luxury, high class attitude and style. No wonder that many celebrities have been seen wearing one.
Lily Allen has been spotted wearing a Chanel Croco quilted bag in a bright orange color, while Kirsten Dunst wore a purple Croco which, of course, looked fabulous. And these are just a couple of examples, I'm sure you can imagine how many celebrities have a Chanel bag in their wardrobe.
Any Chanel Croco bag is a true piece of artistry. The Chanel Crocodile 2.55 is the definition of perfection when it comes to luxury bags. It comes in a refined, impeccable crocodile skin, a flawless design, with a metallic chain that makes the bag lose its serious tone and become more accessible.
Chanel's 2.55 come in a wide range of colors, starting with a sweet, light blue and ending with the obvious, classical black. So, if you're looking for a smart fashionable way of spending money, you can purchase it for $24,000.
Chanel's limited edition Croco bag is another historical moment in the huge world of luxurious accessories. It's chic and it has the perfect shape, becoming one of the most adaptable bags out there.
It also has, just like the 2.55, a silver chain as handle, a little bit chunky, but definitely sexy and fresh. This one costs a little less, $13,800, but it's the same Chanel quality we're talking about!


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A construction company used by Malcolm Turnbull and Michaelia Cash at a press conference in 2016 to announce the prospect of a double dissolution election has admitted to breakin
Serious penalties have been imposed by the Federal Court on Brisbane high-rise developer Menso for breaches of the Fair Work Act during an attempted right of entry by CFMEU officials for a safety inspection.
The CFMEU has called on the Turnbull Government to immediately implement the key finding of the Murray report into Security of Payments. The report recommends that progress claims and retention monies be held in statutory trusts.
The CFMEU has welcomed news of a settlement between its former Canberra organiser, John Lomax, and the Australian Federal Police, over his wrongful arrest during the Trade Union Royal Commission (TURC).
In a major victory for Australian workers, charges against two CFMEU Victorian Construction officials were dramatically dropped at the Melbourne Magistrate's Court this morning.
The Turnbull Government has been dealt a major blow in the Federal Court today after the head of its building industry watchdog, Nigel Hadgkiss admitted breaching the legislation he is meant to enforce.
Malcolm Turnbull's announcement of the abolition of the 457 Visa scheme will not end the rorting of temporary work visas according to the CFMEU.
CFMEU National Assistant Secretary Dave Noonan called the announcement a dodgy rebrand of a visa system that's letting our country down.
Today's arrest in relation to the fraudulent supply of white cards is just the tip of the iceberg.
The news released today by the Liberal-National Government of a package of measures that would see sub-contractors not dudded on payments is disingenuous to the problems facing sub-contractors on major government projects.
The CFMEU is calling for an urgent halt to the Government's free trade talks with India due to the risk of even more deadly asbestos flooding into Australia.
The union has written to Trade Minister Steven Ciobo calling for an immediate and urgent suspension of negotiations.


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I found a delicious bit of snark in the comments of Rachel Lucas's blog about the up coming VP debate.
Before the snark, a bit of background data. The so-called "moderator" of the VP debate has a book coming out. The release date just happens to be January 20, 2009 and the title of the book is "The Breakthrough: Politics and Race in the Age of Obama."
Yup, the fix is in. This woman has been a fawning fan of Barak H. Obama from the git-go.
So this lead to folks wondering how that debate may go and how other moderators would handle it.
My favorite is how James Lipton, of "The Actor's Studio" would handle it.
Lipton: And now we come to the questions, made famous by my idol Bear-NARD Pee-VOH.
Governor Palin, what is your favorite word?
Palin: America.
Lipton: What is your least favorite word?
Palin: Liberal.
Lipton: What turns you on creatively, spiritually or emotionally?
Palin: Rasing my family, serving my country and generally trying to make the world a better place today than it was yesterday.
Lipton: What turns you off?
Palin: Liberal whiny pussies that blame everybody else for problems the could probably fix themselves.
Lipton: What is your favorite curse word?
Palin: Couric.
Lipton: What sound or noise do you love?
Palin: Senator Obama going, "Uh, um…uh…" I put it to a snappy beat with a drum machine and it's on my iPod for work-outs!
Lipton: What sound or noise do you hate?
Palin: The low, stupid sound of fists bumping.
Lipton: What profession other than your own would you like to attempt?
Palin: President of the United States of America.
Lipton: What profession would you not like to?
Palin: The poor bastards going through the dumpsters in Alaska looking for evidence of anything wrong. Bears have been known to frequent dumpsters, James.
Lipton: Finally…if Heaven exists, what would you like to hear God say when you walk through the Pearly Gates?
Palin: Well done, Sarah. Well done.