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II. Diligent Case Preparation
II. Diligent Case Preparation:
Judges' reasoning indicates the acquittals in Sesay, Doah, the Al Jazeera case, and the Courts' decisions to not uphold most of the charges in the FCC and Lukuley cases are attributable to lapses of the ACC that can be summed up as; lack of prosecutorial/investigative diligence or non-exhaustive investigative/prosecutorial techniques. Generally, this nonexhaustive approach, affected the securing of evidence and the presentation of the cases, ultimately resulting in the Prosecution's failure to meet the standard of the burden of proof, (proof beyond reasonable doubt of every element of every offence). The Prosecution either adduced evidence falling below the standard or simply did not adduce any evidence at all to substantiate the charges. Categorically, manifestations of this nonexhaustive approach can be seen in;
1. Non-Exhaustive Approaches to Securing Evidence:
A. General,
B. Inadequate Witness Preparation,
2. The Defective Framing of Charges:
A. General,
B. Inappropriate Channel for Enforcing Compliance,
3. The Failure to Hone in on the Crux/Pivot of the Case, Potential Trial Clinchers and other Key Aspects.
One fallout from inadequate witness preparation was the unfamiliarity of investigator witnesses' with crucial case data suggesting ill-motivated prosecutions and misidentified illegalities due to misconceptions about appropriate standards of conduct. The review finds that the aforementioned yardsticks for judging the prosecution's performance could be largely consistently applied across the board, the controversial nature of the Sesay verdict notwithstanding. These objectionable trends in prosecution are examined below.
1. Non-Exhaustive Approaches to Securing Evidence
A. General:[1]
In Sesay, investigators did not follow through on ambivalent responses/insist on developing lines of interviewing and did not confront the Accused with all the charges, startling given the tendency of the Accused to simply rely on their interview statements at trial. In this light, pushful but legitimate investigative techniques are useful.[2] In the FCC case, misappropriation charges were brought which during trial were discovered to be unwarranted; one Accused was impeded in effecting his project by squatters and allegedly missing purchases were very present; indicative of less than thorough efforts by the ACC to verify the circumstances through use of its power of summons of witnesses under s. 56 (1) (A) ACA 08. In Doah, a lot of Defence claims supported by prima facie evidence were not investigated; claims of retirement of receipts and reports, claims by one Accused that he did not sign for funds. Yet, still the ACC pressed ahead with its contentions. Mission sites the Accused claimed to have visited were also not visited by Investigations. Investigator witnesses seemed only to be able to proffer iffy comments when these evidences were raised by the Defence. Such clarifications could have disclosed compliance by the Accused with their obligations, and so would have skillfully underlined the existence of the obligation as against non-compliant Accused. In Lukuley, although the Prosecution contested that Lukuley's per diem had been fixed above the limit, it did not adduce evidence indicating the then applicable rates of per diem. In Doah, the FCC case, and in Lukuley, where SLMA board members were not called, the Prosecution's failure to probe critical evidentiary sources raised negative inferences of evidence unfavorable to the Prosecution.[3] In the Al Jazeera case, the judgment appears to indicate that the Prosecution did not adduce evidence external to the documentary, which in hindsight appears to have been too tenuous for bringing charges. The Prosecution may have been influenced by public opinion[4] which may well have been assuaged solely by investigations and persuasive press statements on the state of the evidence. Even here, the Prosecution was denied its request to have the unedited version of the documentary played since it was tardy in doing so. It should have focused more on proving conspiracy so as to succeed on soliciting charges.
Investigators who see themselves as being responsible for the final outcome will seek the best possible case presentation. It's important to cast the net wide in securing information, since to do so likely increases the cogency of evidence derived therefrom. It is imperative that investigators be able to communicate effectively to obtain information from people especially if there is little or no forensic/tangible evidence. [5] Investigations should be methodical, guided by reasoning, logic, intuition and built around anticipated factual and legal challenges.[6] Interviewing requires openness and following the facts wherever they lead, not attempting to fit them into pre-determined conclusions,[7] although malleable, interview plans should be set out in writing in advance, covering all important topics including how to secure evidence supporting elements of the offence and how to combat likely defences. Questioning should be persistent where necessary; all relevant questions should be asked even where the defendant refuses to answer; the focus is on getting complete, accurate and reliable information that can establish the truth. It's recommended to start with an open account/free report, which precedes any revelation of the case against the suspect, covering all possible explanations for the contested acts, so as to pre-empt later changes in the account.
In Katta, the Prosecution conceded to leading no evidence supporting 3 counts resulting in Katta being discharged on those counts while in Lukuley, where the Prosecution had led evidence on certain misappropriation charges, it could not then withdraw them as it sought to do in its closing submissions, so that the Accused was acquitted on those charges. In Sesay, an ACC investigator testified that they had no specific evidence supporting allegations that Allieu Sesay had received a reward from his wife. It is probable that Doah, temporally the antepenultimate case in the review, may have sought to mitigate this undesirable evidential trend by awarding costs to the Defence on acquittal of all the charges, deeming the evidence too tenuous for initiating prosecution. By contrast, in Ken Gborie, the Court recognised instances where the Prosecution made adequate efforts to secure the relevant, existing evidence, and produced everything the MOHS gave it.
If the information provided is limited, it can be expanded by requiring more detail. The critical guideline should be; how to fill in evidential gaps.[8]
A prosecution should not be brought where there is no reasonable prospect of a conviction. Daoh, raises the issue of the Prosecutors objective assessment of whether the evidence disclosed a prima facie case i.e. was of such sufficiency, admissibility, substantiality, credibility, reliability that a judge would conclude that the Accused was guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Consequently, it's important to have more than one source of evidence to initiate a case, reference Al Jazeera. Insufficient evidence might simply have meant postponing the proceedings. Where the evidence is sufficient to justify Prosecution, one must then determine whether it's in the public interest. Factors considered here are; the amount involved, the level of seniority of the Accused, the abuse by the Accused of their position of trust/authority, the prevalence of the type of offence, the need to maintain the rule of law and public confidence in the criminal justice system, available efficient alternatives to Prosecution, a resource-based cost benefit analysis of prosecution, supporting judicial precedents, employ of the trial as a test case for certain matters and prosecution as a public relations gimmick.[9] Doah, as with any wrongful decision to prosecute, likely undermined public confidence in the criminal justice system and could decrease respect for the law.
The above raise questions about the point at which prosecutors become involved in the investigation and influence the type of evidence secured.[10] For example, one expert witness on Procurement states; "(…) in general, we tend to believe some of the ACC losses concerning procurement cases have been due to (the fact that) they did not always talk to the NPPA prior to the indictment, although that is changing (…) I have been called upon countless times to give directions for investigations (…)."[11] The impact of expert knowledge shaping the case's presentation from the investigation phase is quite different from having the expert provide exclusively in court witness testimony; "As a witness, I was only called at a certain stage at the courts and my responses were based only on the questions asked." [12] The evidentiary potential of sources such as these should be maximized.
On integrating investigative and prosecutorial functions[13] to address prosecution issues early, the ACC does however confirm[14] that Prosecutors do oversee investigations and that cases benefit greatly from early prosecutorial input.[15] Further, although investigators may mention the charges that their findings may support, the preferment of charges is strictly the Prosecutors' domain. The ACC affirms that investigators are kept well informed during litigation about the progress of the case and even postmortems are held after judgment for improvement of subsequent brief preparation. Once an indictment is filed, the prosecutor holding the file will constantly review the evidence on his own, review with the Director of Investigations, Intelligence and Prosecutions (IIP Unit) if an event demands and, if a major legal question comes up, review with the Commission as a whole. However, the ACC as an independent prosecuting agency does not discuss its investigations or prosecutions including the charges/drafting the indictment with the SLPA or State Prosecutors in the Law Officer's Department. In light of the ACC's articulated tack, a possible suggestion might be a more collaborative approach with the SLPA and State Prosecutors, if needed and more comprehensive communication between the prosecution and investigators.[16]
B. Inadequate Witness Preparation:
Apart from obvious reasons, it should be noted that thorough trial preparation is ethically required by the Legal Practitioners Act 2000 and these obligations also include the investigations phase, presumably noted in the ACC Investigations Manual. Thorough trial preparation includes adequate witness preparation. In Sesay, investigator witnesses' were unfamiliar with crucial case data bearing on the innocence/culpability of the Accused. In the FCC case, 3 Prosecution witnesses, including an ACC investigator provided testimony which favored the Accused. As an expert witness in Procurement states; "(…) in general, we (the NPPA) tend to believe some of the ACC losses concerning procurement cases have been due to its inability to grasp the technical facts."[17] This inability to grasp the technical facts is exemplified in Doah; when an Investigator was confronted by a retirement of funds submitted by an Accused, he retorts that what was required was the submission of a report not retirement, although he then admits that that Accused had submitted 2 reports to him. The investigator did not make a very convincing case of his knowledge on the most crucial aspects of the case; types of allocations and attached obligations and the hierarchical structure of the MOHS.[18] These events underscore the need for frequent resort as and when necessary to expert witnesses; "I can recall 3 cases in which I testified that resulted in convictions; Ken Gborie, the FCC case and Sarah Bendu."[19]
2. The Defective Framing of Charges
A. General:
The Prosecution's approach to drafting the charges has been repeatedly repudiated. The Court has remarked on the Prosecution's charging strategy generally not complying with the technical drafting requirements. In the ABC case and in Lukuley, the Court disapproved of overloading the indictment by duplicating the charges i.e. bringing several different charges against an Accused for the same set of circumstances, since it encumbers both the prosecution and the judge in assessing the evidence supporting every element of every offence. He advised proffering only the most obvious charge unless the evidence is uncertain. The Prosecution had been inconsistent even in drafting duplicitous counts since some acts are charged under several rubrics, while others that easily could be, are not. In Lukuley, a charge of abuse of office was held to be redundant, since the Accused was found guilty of abuse of position for the same act. Duplicity also means charging different criminal acts which are non-continuous offences, allegedly committed during an extended temporal frame, as one count and also, charging the commission of a non-continuous offence between two stated dates, instead of, "on a day unknown" between the two dates. In Lukuley, several charges were struck out for these reasons. In Lukuley, one count merged the elements of different offences resulting in the Accused's being discharged on it. The literature supports the view that the Prosecutor must not "over-charge" based on the same set of facts to avoid complicating the trial. The preferred approach is to charge the most serious offence which encapsulates the seriousness of the criminal conduct so as to enhance clear case presentation.[20]
In the Al Jazeera case, ABC case, and Sesay, drafting conspiracy charges as having being committed with "other parties unknown" where there are identifiable alleged co-conspirators which the evidence purportedly relates to, seems superfluous and could encumber the Prosecution. In the FCC case, one misappropriation charge erroneously, comprised even the withholding tax paid by the Accused. In Katta, the Prosecution charged conspiracy under s. 128 ACA, instead of s. 128 (1); the error was tempered by Justice Paul who reasoned that not specifying the relevant subsection does not make Count 1 defective; the exact scenario obtained in Ken Gborie roughly 2 months later. In Daoh, the Prosecution did not charge s. 48 ACA 08, failure to comply with applicable procedures, in respect of the Accuseds' failure to provide financial reports. Had this been the principal charge or investigative focus, motives may have been uncovered that go toward misappropriation. Instead, the Prosecution construed misappropriation as a strict liability offence, where the Accuseds' omissions sufficed to establish the offence.
B. Inappropriate Channel for Enforcing Compliance:
In the ABC case and in Lukuley, it was stated that where there are alternative means of securing compliance with investigations, the ACC should not rely on the Court to enforce the ACC's investigative methods/sanction the Accused for noncompliance with investigations, but should use its own coercive powers to secure the compliance of suspect. Therefore, charges based on s. 130 (1) ACA 08, which makes noncompliance an offence, constitute an erroneous approach to drafting in the face of existing alternatives. Conteh who was so charged in the ABC case, did actually end up cooperating and was acquitted of 3 such noncompliance charges under s. 127 (1) ACA, obstructing justice and under s. 130 (1) ACA, failing to comply with a requirement under the ACA. Although Lukuley was convicted on count 174 under s. 130 (1), for failure to comply with a s. 63 (1) ACA notice to provide his passport, the Court nonetheless commented that the ACC could have requested the CIO of Immigration to sequester the passport and that Public Prosecutors would normally have detained the Accused, meaning the ACC could have arrested the Accused.
3. Failure to Hone in on /Emphasize Clinchers:
Although only judgments and media reports were reviewed, not the Prosecution's briefs, oral or written motions, it is only natural to presume that Judges' evaluations of the Prosecution's evidence would disclose those facts or lines of argument espoused by the Prosecution as being decisive and towards which it had striven to funnel their attention. The controversial nature of the Sesay verdict notwithstanding, the Prosecution allowed Judge Ademusu the facility of declaring that the Prosecution had built its entire case on the evidence of just one unreliable witness (Labour),[21] and of not assessing the tilt of the gamut of other pieces of evidence, both witness and documentary. His assertion (adopted angle of analysis) was as a result of the Prosecution's omission to stress that their case rested on cohesive circumstantial evidence, not just direct evidence.[22]
It should be underlined that the law does not require a certain amount or type of evidence. Likewise, evidential weight is not contingent on the quantity but on the quality of the evidence; the value of a mesh of circumstantial evidence as against a direct piece of evidence is a matter of fact;[23] this makes it worth underscoring the cohesiveness as between the pieces and their incline. In Sesay and Doah, the error is in not explicitly corroborating crucial aspects of the case. Corroboration means showing how different evidential sources make the same point. In Sesay, it would have signified strengthening the other aspects of the case given the uncorroborated testimony of a single witness, so that the Prosecution's logic of a faulty procurement process would have carried safely over the weak spots.[24] Since circumstantial evidence operate as pieces of the puzzle that help enough of the picture to emerge, prosecutors should have breathed more life into these; "evidence does not sit up and bark like a dog to inform someone that it is evidence.[25]"
Similarly, in Daoh the Prosecution did not sufficiently clarify the interaction between obligations sourced from donor instructions bearing on donor funds and obligations sourced from the national regulatory framework. Again, the Judge here, Judge Charm in ruling the absence of documentation did not per se amount to misappropriation, failed to overtly acknowledge in his reasoning that the existence of obligations of providing fuel invoices and a list of signatures of per diem recipients were confirmed by the GAVI Draft Audit Report and that some Accused simply had not met these obligations. Spelling out the interactive status could have focused the Judge on commenting thereupon. There are statements in the ABC case which appear to equate the failure to document with misappropriation, which may well have motivated or contributed to Doah's case theory. Whether or not this is the case, a review of the judgment fails to disclose any assertion by the Prosecution of this supportive precedent.[26]
Daoh shows that investigators and prosecutors should initially assess whether the alleged corrupt conduct is criminal, civil or administrative and where appropriate, help prompt administrative and disciplinary sanctions and monitor them. Such measures could lead to fines, restitution orders, dismissal/demotion or restructuring an operation.[27]
[1]Dandurand Y., (2009), Addressing Inefficiencies in the Criminal Justice Process, A Preliminary Review Prepared for the BC Justice Efficiencies Project, International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy, pp 20-21, http://icclr.law.ubc.ca/sites/icclr.law.ubc.ca/files/publications/pdfs/InefficienciesPreliminaryReport.pdf; "Many of the failed or delayed prosecutions can be attributed to poor investigation and the fact that the evidentiary requirements of a case may not have been adequately addressed at the investigation stage".
[2]USAID Nepal, (2005), Anticorruption Investigation and Trial Guide Tools and Techniques to Investigate and Try the Corruption Case, p. 25, http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADE146.pdf; Even use of arrest and detention where appropriate. The investigators' strength "may be a magnet towards which cooperating witnesses are drawn and a shield behind which they feel safe. It also sends a strong message to future witnesses who may not be inclined to cooperate, that the consequences can be severe."
[3]Tanford J. Alexander, (2009), The Trial Process: Law, Tactics, and Ethics, Fourth Edition, Bloomington, Chapter 2, Preparing For Trial, p. 26, http://www.law.indiana.edu/instruction/tanford/web/reference/02prep.pdf; "The law allows for an adverse inference to be drawn from the failure to call an available witness with natural ties to your client."
[4]OECD Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia, (2010), Proceedings of the Expert Seminar on Effective Means of Investigation and Prosecution of Corruption, Romania, p. 84; "Public opinion formed by mass media could influence the independence of the anti-corruption institution in indirect and direct ways."
[5]Alifano C.M., (2006), Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation, Worldwide Law Enforcement Consulting Group Inc., p.2; http://www.worldwidelawenforcement.com/docs/FUNDAMENTALS%20OF%20CRIMINAL...
[6] Ibid at FN 2.
[7] Ibid at FN 5.
[8]Police Interrogation Manuals, (Undated), Investigative Interviewing Suspect Guide;
https://www.fyi.org.nz/request/244/response/2484/attach/5/Investigative%20interviewing%20suspect%20guide.pdf. See also UK Home Office, (2014), Interviewing Suspects, Guidance Based on Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) 1984; https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/293597/Interviewing_suspects_v3.0_EXT.pdf
UK Government, (Undated), Interviewing Suspects;
[9] DPP Republic of Ireland, (2010), Guidelines for Prosecutors, Director of Public Prosecutions, pp.16 -21;
https://www.dppireland.ie/publications/category/14/guidelines-for-prosecutors/. See also, College of Policing UK, (2015), Charging and Case preparation, https://www.app.college.police.uk/app-content/prosecution-and-case-management/charging-and-case-preparation/Prosecution. Also of note, Australian Law Reform Commission, (Undated), Reporting, Prosecution and Pre-trial Processes, The Prosecution Phase; http://www.alrc.gov.au/sites/default/files/pdfs/publications/26.%20Reporting%2C%20 Prosecution %20and %20 Pretrial.pdf See also, Reid J.E., (2006), Investigator Tips, Developing an Interview Strategy;
[10]Ibid at FN 9.
[11] Interview with the Head of Capacity Building, NPPA, Mr. Mohamed J. Musa, 12 August 2014.
[12] Ibid. See also the Katta case, pp. 102-103.; "The function of an expert is to provide the judge and jury with a ready made inference which the judge and jury due to the technical nature of the facts are unable to formulate. Therefore, 'an expert's opinion is admissible to furnish the court with scientific information which is likely to be outside the experience and knowledge of a judge or jury' (…); DPP v. Jordan 1977, Lord Wilberforce."
[13] Harvey R, The Independence of the Prosecutor, A Police Perspective, p. 14 on the need to integrate the Investigation and Prosecution phases.
[14] Responses furnished by the Former Director of Investigations, Intelligence and Prosecutions (IIP UNIT), ACC, Mr. Reginald Fynn, 2 July
[15] Harvey R, The Independence of the Prosecutor, A Police Perspective, Also ibid at FN 1, p.22; "The early involvement of the prosecution, even when an investigation is ongoing, is to be encouraged. It can assist in ensuring that the evidentiary requirements of a particular case are met through the investigation and maximize the chance that the prosecution will be efficiently conducted and successful."
[16] See final point in Overview section below.
[17] Interview with the Head of Capacity Building, NPPA, Mr. Mohamed J. Musa, 12 August 2014.
[18] Ibid at FN 4; p.12; "One thing an Investigator can do to support a bribery investigation is to obtain organisational information concerning job descriptions, liabilities and executive powers in the company".
[19] Interview with the Head of Capacity Building, NPPA, Mr. Mohamed J. Musa, 12 August 2014.
[20] DPP Republic of Ireland, (2010), Guidelines for Prosecutors, Director of Public Prosecutions; p. 26 on charging and case preparation;
[21]American Prosecutors' Research Institute, (2005), Basic Trial Techniques For Prosecutors, p.5, http://www.ndaa.org/pdf/basic_trial_techniques_05.pdf; The Prosecution should anticipate and prepare for all possible defenses and arguments including; there is only one witness, the evidence/witness is credible, there is very little corroborating (physical) evidence.
[22] Ibid at FN 2, p. 10; Direct evidence is an event which is directly observed with no intervening events. Circumstantial evidence is made up of those items from which one can infer events or derive conclusions. It is not that evidence which a witness saw or heard, but rather a fact which can be used to infer or deduce another fact. It implies something that occurred, but does not directly prove it. It is usually one fact in a chain of facts which one must prove to establish a person is guilty or not guilty.
[23] Ibid at FN 20, pp. 13-16. This is supported by Judge Paul's exposition on circumstantial evidence in, The GAVI Funds Case/The State v. Dr. Magnus Ken Gborie, Dr. Edward Magbity and Lansana S.M.Roberts, 2 July 2014, where he states that a case may be based on circumstantial evidence alone.
[24] Ibid at FN3, p.58
[25] Ibid at FN 2, p. 9.
[26]"The Attitudinal Behavioural Change (The ABC) Case/The State v. Philip Conteh, Allieu Kamara, Lansana Zanto Kamara before Hon. Mr. Justice N.C. Browne-Marke, 19 May 2011, lines 26-28, p. 29; "The only reason why proper and adequate records of expenditure were not kept, was to use the monies donated for purposes other than those for which they were meant."
[27] Ibid at FN2, p.5.
[28] Ibid at FN19, p. 16; A very high rate of prosecutions resulting in acquittals could undermine public confidence in the criminal justice system.
[29] Interview with Acting Chief of Investigations, Intelligence and Prosecutions, ACC, Sariffou Harleston, 9 June 2016.
[30] Ibid; "Tejan Cole came with the practice of closer monitoring of investigators by prosecutors and that increased the interaction. He noticed a bit of a disconnect with the two arms." Harleston's commentary is consistent with the Responses furnished by the Former Director of Investigations, Intelligence and Prosecutions (IIP Unit), ACC, Mr. Reginald Fynn, 2 July 2015, final para., p. 3 above.


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Let's be honest. Kids are challenging. Toddlers test our resolve every minute of the day. And, as parents, we do our best to deal with it. But sometimes, the 100th time you've had to say no to giving your child juice and it results in kicking and screaming, you lose it. And you find yourself yelling at your toddler. I want you to know that yelling at your kids does not make you a bad mom. Ask just about any mom you know, and I bet she will say she has done it too.
So, find out what to do AFTER yelling at your kids to make the situation more productive in the future, and so that you and your child feel better about it. PLUS, get your FREE worksheet to discover WHY you yell from the Resource Library.
What do you do AFTER yelling at your kids?
I totally understand the urge to grab a handful (or entire package) of cookies, sit on the floor and cry while the mom guilt crushes you. But what good does that do?
Here's the thing. People make mistakes. That is how you learn. So after yelling at kids, try to take these steps to explain what happened and improve both your and your kid's reactions.
Quick Tips to Yell at Your Kids Less
- Take a deep breath BEFORE reacting to try to avoid yelling.
- Try counting calmly to 3 when a negative behavior is happening. Your child will learn that when you get to 3 the consequence will happen.
- Use timeouts when necessary. They give both you and your child a break.
- Try to redirect your child to the acceptable and desired behavior. Kids don't really understand "stop." Give them something else to do instead.
- Read No-Drama Discipline
- Read 1-2-3 Magic: 3-Step Discipline for Calm, Effective, and Happy Parenting
- Save yelling at kids for times when there is a risk of injury. Keeping the "shock" factor can make them pause at a critical moment.
Keep reading for MORE!
5 Simple Steps To Take After You Yell At Kids
1. Take a deep breath.
The first thing you need to do after yelling at your kids is to stop. Not for long. Just take a few seconds and take a nice deep breath. Close your eyes and accept what happened. Think about what you are going to do next.
2. Follow through on the consequences.
This is HUGE. I can't even begin to explain how important consequences are. You need to give your child consequences when you say you will for 2 main reasons,
- So they understand something happens (good or bad) based on their actions.
- To show that you mean what you say so they begin to do what you ask.
Think about this. If you wanted to eat 25 cookies every day but someone told you no because you'd get fat and be unhealthy, you wouldn't do it. But if you decided to do it anyway, and you never got fat… would you change it? NO! Cookies are GOOD!
If there are no consequences, the negative behavior continues.
So make sure that you actually give your child consequences when you say you will. You yelling at your child is NOT the consequence. This is ESPECIALLY important when you are yelling at toddlers. Because toddlers are learning the rules. They want to be the boss and do whatever they want. So you have to show them that you are the authority.
Even when you yell at kids, you still need to do what you said you would. So make sure the next thing they see you do is to follow through on the consequences.
3. Calm yourself down.
I know you already took a deep breath and your child is sitting in timeout or in their room. But I would guess that you are still fuming.
So take a few minutes and REALLY calm yourself down. Get a drink. Take some breaths. Remind yourself that even though you were yelling at your kids, it doesn't mean you don't love them.
Do something that makes you happy. Just for a minute. So that you can get your composure back.
4. Apologize and make-up
Once the consequences have happened, it is time to apologize for yelling at your kids.
I HIGHLY recommend that you also teach your child that they need to apologize too. And I will explain why.
In my house, there are usually 3 reasons I yell at my kids.
- Safety is at risk.
- One child is hurting another or someone else.
- I have said something 30 times and I really meant it the first time.
Often times, I don't feel guilty for yelling at my kids for the first 2 reasons. But the last one, I do. However, usually, my son screams at me first for telling him no. And it is SO hard to keep your cool and keep asking for something to be done when someone is actively screaming at you.
So I apologize for yelling. But so does he. I get him from the timeout and we hug. It is his favorite thing. That is how he apologizes.
5. Explain
Take a moment with your child and have a conversation. Even if your child is too young to talk back to you, this is the MOST important step.
When you are yelling at kids they don't understand that they caused it. Or that they could have avoided it. It is just an outburst of anger.
So take just a minute and explain why you yelled and how it occurred. It can be super simple, and it should be.
"I'm sorry that I yelled at you. But you were not listening. I asked you to come here several times and you continued to play. Then when I corrected you, you screamed at me. I should not have yelled and will try not to next time. But I need you to try to listen better next time okay?"
If your child is a little bit older, then they may have something to add to the conversation. Allow them to. Make it into a productive conversation.
This step might feel a little bit silly with a child that is under 2-2.5 years old. But I encourage you to do it anyway. It will teach you the process and show your kids what to expect so they are prepared to have a conversation when they can.
You are on your way to not yelling at your kids!
As a mom, yelling at kids can be really challenging t deal with. But remember that it doesn't make you a bad mom. We all have long days and get stressed. And, face it, who wouldn't yell when you have repeated the same thing 100 times in 5 minutes. I mean, you begin to wonder if anyone can hear you!
Don't forget to get your FREE worksheet to discover WHY you yell from the Resource Library, it will help you identify when you are going to yell at your kids and hopefully react better more often.
You got this, Mama! Also check out,
How To Help Your Child Calm Down
Strong Willed Children: How To Discipline Without Yelling
What You Need To Know About Disciplining Your Toddler

subset: commoncrawl


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Case Report - Biomedical Research (2017) Volume 28, Issue 1
Avascular necrosis of vertebral body with fracture of unilateral posterior facet at the level of insertion of interspinous device
This report shows a rare case of avascular necrosis of vertebra body after insertion of interspinous device after insertion of interspinous device and its plausible cause. A 82-year-old woman presented with severe back pain for 1 week without injury. In her history, she had undergone decompression and implantation of L4-5 interspinous device for the relief of neurogenic claudication at 4 year ago. Magnetic resonance image demonstrated signal change suggesting avascular necrosis of L5 vertebra body and fracture of posterior facet after insertion of interspinous device. In this case, avascular necrosis of lumbar vertebra body was documented with simple radiograph and MRI and symptom was satisfactorily relieved with conservative treatment. Avascular necrosis of lumbar vertebra body can occur as a complication of interspinous process device. Surgeons always must consider the possibility of avascular necrosis of vertebral body in patients with osteoporosis after insertion of interspinous device.Author(s): Kook Jin Chung, Ik Yang


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The Beef Pricewatch App provides users with up-to-date information on the average price paid for animals in 24 of the meat factories approved by the Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine. Users can also find detailed information, at factory level, for prices across the entire 15 x 15 beef carcass classification grid.


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Communication Insights from Social Psychology
Did you know? Simply introducing yourself (mentioning your name before making a request) improves the odds of people complying with your request? When fund-raising, adding a short "even a penny can help" after your pitch actually gets people to donate more? By making your request so minimal, you make it almost impossible for people to say "no". … Continue reading Communication Insights from Social Psychology
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If you need to communicate professionally, you've probably read your way through tomes of sales and negotiation literature by now. There is a plethora of tactics, techniques and tricks out there which purport to help you sway partners over to your side. But what is the underlying foundation of all these techniques? How can they … Continue reading 6 Secrets of Persuasion
Smart Communication for Better Understanding!
Hello everyone, Good news. I am expanding my activities and my services! Recently, I have launched a new and comprehensive series called "Secrets of Communication". It is currently in its inception, but expect to find there a lot of fascinating advice on a variety of communication topics, ranging from general Rhetoric, Public Speaking, Presentations, Interpersonal … Continue reading Smart Communication for Better Understanding!


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Latest Down the Red Dirt Road...
Garden Shop
Photo Prints
My Story
Latest Down the Red Dirt Road...
Garden Shop
Photo Prints
My Story
Welcome down the red dirt road...
· 08. March 2020
Apple Tart - Gluten Free
I have made the pastry gluten free as I have coeliacs disease. It's taken me along time to perfect, but now although theres many different ingredients to the Irish original, it tastes similar and has the same crunch as it comes hot out of the oven.
Read more...
· 19. March 2019
Irish-style Country Tomato Relish
I love to make this when my tomatoes are in abundance and the great thing about it, is that its not fussy on the type you have, so mix them all up to make this sweet sauce. I have gifted this for christmas and its really been popular, I've run out again.
Read more...
· 05. March 2019
Garden Glut Pickling
A couple of weekends ago we had a fun weekend at the Yinnar Community Garden, where I showed a lovely bunch of people how to make my Garden Glut Pickles during a "Kitchen Pantry" workshop, which is a series of 5 workshops to be held up until May, funded by the Latrobe Health Assembly and facilitated by the volunteers of the garden and neighbouring ARC Art Gallery.
Read more...
· 04. December 2018
Gooseberry and Geranium Jam
After making Jam as a Christmas treat for visitors last year, I am again planning to make a few jars for the festive season. I have made Gooseberry and Geranium jam, its nice to leave the antique rose scented pelargonium leaves to steep in the
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· 30. October 2018
Florentine Cabonara
This recipe is one of the most popular in our house, when finished with egg fried rice, quiches and frittatas, we turn to pasta.
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· 20. October 2018
Beetroot and Chocolate Mud Cake
Well this is an old recipe given to me, its basic and turns out beautiful and delicious. I varied it only by adding some lovely fresh cooked beetroot from the garden, which adds a lovely almost Turkish Delight flavour to it, and its handy for getting
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· 30. March 2018
Rich Chocolate Cake for Easter
Well this is an old simple chocolate cake recipe given to me from the 1930's, its basic and turns out beautiful and delicious. I varied this time by only by adding gluten free flour instead of regular flour, I use the "Lauke" Gluten Free White Bread /Biscuit/Cake Flour, which acts very similar to regular wheat varieties.
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· 19. March 2018
Vanilla Maple Strawberry Dessert Sauce
Oh with the bizarre return of "high summer" temperatures, and a really dry brown view of our hills to contend with (poor farmers), ice-cream making has returned to lift my spirits while in the kitchen (aircon firmly back on while cooking).
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· 12. February 2018
Healthy Zucchini Bread Muffins
All the "Back to School" hype of the last couple of weeks led me back to the cookbooks and trolling the internet for some healthy style snacks for the lunch boxes. One of my sons tends to be a "grazer" so I figured some light bread style muffins filled with vegetables from the garden might be just what was needed.
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· 19. January 2018
How to Handle a Heatwave: Mango Lassi
How to make a Mango Lassi Smoothie from India. Easy simple recipe using local Hill tops hives Honey from Gippsland.
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Whatever the nature of the challenge, whether meeting the changing needs of our customers or the expectations of end users, it is passionate, committed and empowered people who ultimately make the difference.
Every day hundreds of skilled employees make us what we are – a leading force in the fabrication industry with a culture that pays tribute to exceptional people. Their unique mix of cultures, nationalities and languages sharpens our competitive edge in a demanding marketplace. Their diverse and complementary talents govern our ability to execute our business strategy and maximize value.
To these people, Al Shirawi Equipment Company offers challenge, opportunity, recognition and an exciting place to work and grow. We encourage them to lead by example and to commit to the highest standards. To share best practices and always strive to do the right thing. In return, we continually renew our commitment to being an employer of choice and to giving our people the skills, knowledge and leadership they require to thrive. Our success has always been – and will always be – a reflection of our employees' achievements.
No vacancies available at the moment.
If there are no vacancies for your profile, please Click here to submit your resume.
April 2 2020
April 2 2020
April 2 2020
At Al Shirawi Equipment Company, we value diversity, innovation, committment and quality control as core components of companies we trade and do business with. Our approach is to build long term relationships based on common values shared between our customers and business partners. Our strategic partnerships play an integral role in developing Al Shirawi Equipment Company to what it is today and create value to our customers. Due to the wide variety of technologies and processes employed in the Oil and Gas sector, we have recognized and...Read more


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I recommend the following products, used in conjunction with my advice. The products listed below provide gentle sleep solutions, reassurance and calming for your baby, toddler and preschooler. From aromatherapy to music to lighting; this list summarises my top product choices for gentle sleep training.
Aromatherapy Diffuser/Red Night Light Combination
Use with a relaxing, child safe aromatherapy oil such as lavender or roman chamomile to condition your child to a sleep scent. The light (set to RED ONLY is also great as a night light).
Available HERE.
Lighting Science Sleepy Baby bulb
Use this lightbulb in the bedroom at bedtime and overnight if needed to aid sleep. The bulb features very low levels of blue light, so as not to interrupt the child's circadian rhythm/interrupt the secretion of melatonin (the sleep hormone).
Available HERE
VAVA Nightlight
A great little portable low blue light level nightlight for children of all ages, with a rechargeable base.
Available HERE
Lavender Essential Oil
A soothing and relaxing scent. Use diluted in carrier oil for massage or a couple of drops in a diffuser fan to gently scent the room ready for sleep.
Available HERE.
Tisserand Sleep Vaporising Oil Blend
100% soothing essential oil blend for aromatherapy vaporisers. Includes:
Soothing organic mandarin oil.
Tranquil organic lavender oil.
Serene organic ylang-ylang oil.
Available HERE
Battery Operated Candles
Use in place of mains lighting in the bathroom at night.
Available HERE.
Colour Changing Light Bulb (Set on RED Only).
To use in the evening to prevent the sleep negating effects of blue light.
n.b: select only the RED setting.
Available HERE
Battery Operated Red LED fairy lights
To use in a lockable Kilner jar as a portable nightlight.
Available HERE
Red Nightlight
To use in the nursery to prevent melatonin inhibition from normal light. Set on RED only!
Available HERE
Small Plug-In Red Nightlight
To use in the hallway or nursery to prevent melatonin inhibition from normal light. Set on RED only!
Available HERE
Multi-Sensory Blanket Comforter
For older babies and toddlers to use in place of a traditional comfort object.
Available HERE.
Gentle Sleep Music for Babies
For 0-2yrs. To calm and comfort your baby and to help them to lengthen their sleep.
Available to download on Amazon iTunes and Google Play
Gentle Sleep Relaxation for Children
For 2-12 years. Featuring a blend of alpha music, white noise and calming words inspired by Mindfulness Meditation. This recording was composed with the aim of helping children relax and drift off to sleep more easily.
Available to download from Amazon and iTunes and Google Play
Goodnight Moon
A beautiful rhythmic, rhyming bedtime story book from Margaret Wise Brown.
Available HERE
Sleep Little Angel
A beautiful rhythmic story book, just perfect for bedtime, by Margaret Wise Brown.
Available HERE
Nursies When the Sun Shines
A lovely book to gently introduce the idea of nightweaning to toddlers.
Available HERE.
Magnesium Oil
This one is suitable for children as well as adults. This is a sensitive version which reduces stinging/tingling.
Available HERE
DHA Oil
Recent research has shown that omega 3 supplementation can improve sleep in children. This is a good brand for babies and children free of added nasties.
Available HERE
A must have for any baby born via C-Section, who has received antibiotics or if the mother is breastfeeding and received antibiotics during labour or since breastfeeding. Restoring the gut flora can aid sleep and reduce fussy/colicky/reflux type symptoms. This one is also dairy free.
Available HERE
Sleeping Bag with Foot Holes
Keeping your child's feet uncovered can help them to regulate their temperature at night. The specific leg sections here also allow for mobility, which many older babies and toddlers prefer to normal sleeping bags (no more tangled 'baby burrito'!).
Available HERE
Worry Eater
Help your child to release worries before bed. Write out their worries, pop it in the worry eater's mouth and the worry eater will eat the worry overnight (aka: mum and dad take it out and throw it away!).
Available HERE


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Follow us
We often encounter cases where licensed drivers are facing questions and criminal investigations after passengers made allegations of inappropriate behaviour by the taxi or private hire driver. Often, allegations turn out to be malicious as a result of a fare dispute or other disagreement between the taxi or private hire driver and their passenger(s).
Malicious allegations can be difficult for a licensed driver to manage and there is a lot to consider. More often than not, allegations of sexual misconduct by a licensed taxi/private hire driver will result in a suspension, or in worst case scenario, a revocation whist an investigation are ongoing.
Of course a licensed taxi/private hire drivers should be able to apply for a reinstatement of the licence if they are found not guilty by a court of law.
The position of reinstatement of a taxi or private hire licence is less straightforward in cases where a taxi/private hire driver has been notified that the police will be taking no further action in relation to an allegation. We often encounter cases where the police have abandoned investigations due to lack of evidence but where licensing authorities have subsequently gone on to revoke a licence. Licensed taxi/private hire drivers must remember that there is a difference between the criminal threshold, applied by the police and courts, and the civil threshold relevant to licensing authority decision making. The latter threshold merely needs to satisfy the "balance of probabilities" level and therefore demands a lesser evidential requirement.
In cases therefore where, for example, there is lack of evidence due to uncooperative complainants, the licensing authority can still look at the evidence and found the licensed taxi/private hire driver no longer fit and proper. However, even a licensing authority determining an application based on the civil rules are bound by the general principle of evidenced based decision making. As such a licensing authority is still required to look at all the evidence objectively before refusing or revoking the licence of a taxi/private hire driver. If the police/CPS have taken a view that there is sufficient evidence to take further action, this will clearly be a relevant and material factor for the licensing authority to take into consideration.
A related issue is that of the reputation of a licensed taxi/private hire driver. An allegation can have a significant detrimental impact on the reputation of the driver who is the target of such an allegation. It is therefore important for a taxi/private hire driver to be given the right to respond to allegations both in the context of a criminal investigation and before a licensing committee/panel.
Given what is at stake for any licensed taxi/private hire driver facing a malicious allegation, it is important for any such a driver to be well represented by an expert in both taxi/private hire law and criminal law – such as Taxi Defence Barristers who are also criminal law barristers.
Taxi & private hire licensing experts
We are leading taxi and private hire licensing law barristers, rated excellent by our clients and can be instructed directly.


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Assalumun Aleykum Brothers and Sisters
Just to inform our community..
Early hours today this wonderful brother passed away. May Allah grant him jannatul al firdous.
Dr Arafa is one of the original mosque trustees. He was a lecturer of Mathematics in what used to be a Polytechnic in South London or Greenwich. He was one of the first or second group of trustees in charge of the donation of about £150,000 in the mid 1980's by the Saudi postgraduate for the doctorate, student Br Yusif Tubbal, may Allah have mercy on him and reward him. That sum plus other donations enabled us, the third or fourth generation of trustees to buy the big house, closest to the university in Giles Lane, to become the present Canterbury Mosque.
He is originally from Egypt and he came to the UK in 1946 and told me he came on a ship.
He is a PhD who taught at the university for many years
Must have been in his nineties for age when he died.
He was married to an English lady who passed away years ago. Has two sons. (Thanks to Brother Dr Sinan and Brorher Dr Nihad for the information).
Jazakum Allah khiran to you all.
Posted by Canterbury Mosque on Sunday, May 27, 2018


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In Store Pick Up
Smyrna, GA Store Pick Up:
Can't wait to get your order? We offer store pick up for our Atlanta, GA customers at 1675 Cumberland Pkwy SE Suite 405 Smyrna, GA 30080
- If your order is placed Monday-Friday before 3pm EST: It will be ready in the store within 2 hours the same day!
- If your order is placed Monday-Friday after 3pm EST: It will be ready in the store the next business day
- If your order is placed Friday (after 3pm EST)-Sunday: It will be ready in the store the following Monday by 2 pm EST
- You will receive an email notification when your order is ready to be picked up in the store
- *All in store pick ups must be picked up within 10 days or your order will be donated.
Please note that the above timelines do not include holidays. Items will be available for pick up in the store after 2pm EST on the following business day after the holiday
If you selected In store pick up and completed your order but later decide you would like your order shipped you will be charged any applicable shipping charges


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For our overnight guests, entrance to our spa, breakfast buffet, parking and wifi is included. Enjoy the spa from 3:00 pm on your day of arrival until 11.00 am on the day of departure.
You can add day spa to your stay. Choose to come early on or stay later for only SEK 350/person
Children under the age of 16 are allowed in our spa between 2.00-3.00 pm and 9.00-10.00 am when accompanied by an adult. (Babies with diapers are not allowed)
Some offers may not be available every day. Check out our CALENDAR for special dates and holidays.
Enjoy a relaxing visit with us at any day during the week. In our spa you can unwind in heated pools both indoors and outdoors. Exhale in our relaxation area and enjoy the beautiful view over the surrounding farmlands. Forget about everyday life and let our kitchen spoil you with a three course dinner in our restaurant. After a good night's sleep in one of our comfortable hotel rooms a delicious breakfast buffet is served the following day
Price: from SEK 1120 per person in a double room.
This includes:
Check in from 3 pm.
Access to the spa area with bath, sauna, relaxation area and exercise.
Three course dinner in our restaurant.
Accomodation in double room with breakfast buffet.
Bring a friend or the whole group of your friends to Mossbylund! Relax in our spa or exhale on a nice walk along the ocean. Let our kitchen spoil you with a nice two course dinner in our cozy restaurant. After a good night's sleep you end your stay with our delicious breakfast buffet.
Price: from SEK 985 per person in small twin room, triple room or quadruple room.
This includes:
Check in from 3 pm.
Access to our spa with bath, sauna, relaxation and exercise.
Two course dinner in our restaurant.
Accomodation in small twin, triple or quadruple room with breakfast buffet
Weekdays are often calm and cosy here. Book our SENIOR SPECIAL, a "bara vara" package with dinner, spa, accomodation and breakfast. Lunch is on us, both on your day of arrival and on your day of departure. As an added bonus you get early check-in and you don't have to check out until noon the day you leave. We also offer yoga and senior fitted classes.
Price is between SEK 1120 – 1833 per person.
This is included:
Early check in from 1.30 pm.
Access to our spa with hot baths, sauna and relax.
Threee course dinner in our restaurant.
Accomodation in double room with breakfast buffet.
Check out until 12 am
Treat yourself with a luxurious Saturday and start with afternoon tea with homemade scones, cakes, small sandwiches and tea or coffee. Enjoy our beautiful spa before a three course dinner and a glass of cava. After a good night's sleep, a healthy breakfast buffet is waiting for you to enjoy.
Price: from SEK 1950 per person
This includes:
Check in and afternoon tea at. 2 pm on Saturday.
Access to the spa area with bath, sauna, relaxation area and exercise.
Sparkling wine before dinner.
Three course dinner in our restaurant.
Accomodation in double room with breakfast buffet.
Stay in one of our junior suites. Sparkling wine and chocolate truffles are waiting for you when you checkn in. A duo treatment in our spa; choose between massage & bath och a couples massasge. A threee course meel awaits you in the restaurant and you can sleep in the next morning since you have a later check out time; 12.30 pm. If you wish to stay in our spa for the rest of the day, that is also included.
Price from 5540:- for the both of you.
Complete your "bara vara" package with a spa treatment, there are several options to choose from when you book online. You can also check out our SPA MENU on our website to see our full range of treatments. To book any of these, give us a call and we'll help you book at a suitable time.
We love Sundays! On this day, a day for rest and relaxation, we offer you the best prices for the best day! If you book our "BARA VARA" package on a sunday, we'll give you rates that even the big guy would be proud of!
Green fee can be booked as an "add on" to one of our other packages. Choose between "kompis", "Bara vara" or "Lördagslyx", depending on how you wish to plan your stay. Green fee is added to the price of the package. We work closely with ABBEKÅS GK that is just 1,5 km from us and BEDINGE GK that is 15 km from us. Book your package and then call us for your tee time and price for green fee. +46 41130036.
We offer dog friendly rooms and our surroundings are perfect for long walks with your best friend. However, dogs are not allowed in the restaurant or in the spa, but they are very welcome in our garden seating.
All of our overnight guests have free access to the spa with indoor pool, sauna and heated outdoor pools. Enjoy the spa from 3 pm on your arrival day until 11 am on your day of departure. (Please note that the spa has limited opening hours for children under the age of 16, read more under spa)
Check in from 3 pm and check-out at 11 am at the latest. Make your reservation here on our website, email firstname.lastname@example.com or call us at +46 411-300 36.


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Great western piece of furniture and decor to free wood carving projects for beginners suit every elbow room in your home. Our true cedar swings are the like none former Cedar Creek Rustic Furniture handcrafts Cedar swings that have larger logs than industriousness norm and with their contoured. LXX likes 3 talking approximately this 3 were here. Featuring furnishings for every elbow room of your. Osage Creek Log Furniture Succeeds aside Using Advice From grudge Mentor aban. 401 likes deuce talking Where caliber Counts. We've sport items such arsenic cow peel throws western 2 x 4 workbench plans nontextual matter lamps bedding material furniture and much.
Berryville AR
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Unsophisticated log article of furniture hand crafted by timbre Creek from Minnesota grown hand peeled Northern Caucasian Cedar logs.
True cedar Creek log furnishings horse-brier AR. If you lack to add group A unique Western style feel to the five hundred cor of your home base cedar creek log furniture in Smilax rotundifolia is the position to shop. WELCOME TO OSAGE CREEK LOG article of furniture YOU ARE BUYING burden of Aspen logs. Log cedar barn Sir Henry Wood xylos woodworking and teak Rustic decor.


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Alex Wolkowicz
Alex Wolkowicz is a Polish/German photographer and artist resident in Liverpool/UK. Her work explores themes about our relationship with the world and how we share it with each other and other living things. Essentially tactile and documentary, her work springs from her experience with photography, performance, theatre and the creation of unique representations of places, things and histories.


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Chlorella vulgaris cells under the microscope. These microalgae have a variety of uses on Earth and may be part of life support systems on future space voyages. Institute of Space Systems – University of Stuttgart, Germany
Making sure astronauts on space missions have sufficient supplies is a major challenge. Not only does food need to be sent up to locations like the International Space Station (ISS) in expensive resupply launches, but a further problem is making sure that astronauts have enough water and oxygen for their needs as well.
It's also hard to ensure that the astronauts are getting sufficient nutrition from their diet. Ideally the astronauts would be able to grow their own food on the space station, but plants react strangely to microgravity so it's hard to grow fruits and vegetables successfully.
The current life support systems used in space use chemical reactions to create water and oxygen and to recycle carbon dioxide. But a new system could use algae to produce oxygen, water, and even food.
The tiny plants are called microalgae and they remove concentrated carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and turn it into oxygen and plant matter through photosynthesis. A team from the Institute of Space Systems at the University of Stuttgart, Germany, has shown that a particular type of microalgae, Chlorella, is up to ten times more efficient at photosynthesis than other plants.
"Chlorella biomass is a common food supplement and can contribute to a balanced diet thanks to its high content of protein, unsaturated fatty acids, and various vitamins, including B12," co-investigator and biotechnologist Harald Helisch at the Institute of Space Systems said in a statement.
Now the microalgae is being grown on board the ISS for 180 days to see if it is stable and able to produce oxygen and food long-term. After this time the sample will be returned to Earth so the scientists can investigate the effects of the microgravity and space radiation on the plants.
In the future, the scientists will look at whether the algae can be processed into edible food and whether it could also be used in the treatment of waste water aboard the station.
And if you're worried for the tastebuds of the astronauts who may one day have to eat the algae, apparently you needn't be. According to Helisch it's quite palatable: "If you like sushi, you will love it," he said.
Editors' Recommendations
- After a delayed launch, SpaceX Dragon capsule arrives at the space station
- Climeworks wants to clean the atmosphere with a fleet of truck-sized vacuums
- Curiosity data shows how asteroid impact could have made Mars habitable
- Geoengineering is risky and unproven, but soon it might be necessary
- How a clever photography trick is bringing Seattle's shipwrecks to the surface


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Why is my rubber tree losing its leaves?
My rubber tree is dropping leaves on a daily basis. We moved recently, and the light source changed from a south exposure to a north. I have since put the tree in our TV room that is a south exposure. The tree is still producing new leaves but it looks pretty scrawny. Will it survive? Do I need to "prune" it? Fertilize it? Water it less? Repot it for more root space? I had it outside last summer and it did so well. You can see on the pic how many leaves have dropped. Thank you for any help you can offer.
The move and change in light is likely the cause of leaf drop.
Try to find a good location and avoid moving it to much.
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Pediatric Specialty Program
To make the best choice when selecting a rehabilitation hospital for the care of their child, parents and caregivers should make an informed decision. The outcomes information reported here is intended to help parents and caregivers with this decision.
The data describes our pediatric population and shows how other children have succeeded in our acute rehabilitation program, which is accredited as a Pediatric Specialty Program by CARF, the global leader in rehabilitation accreditation.
2014-2016 Data
- 32% were from birth to 10 years old and 68% were from 11 to 18 years old.
- The average stay for our pediatric patients was 17 days.
- 95.5% of pediatric patients were able to return directly home after being discharged from our acute pediatric rehabilitation program.
- 96.8% of our parents and caregivers would recommend pediatric rehabilitation at St. Charles to their family members and friends.


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Batman has starred in four Arkham games in recent years while a host of DC Comics heroes and villains have recently come to blows in Injustice: Gods Among Us and its upcoming sequel, but is there room for more DC Comics characters to take the spotlight in their own games?
"DC is an enormous priority for our entire company, and we're thrilled that games can really support franchise building at almost the same level as movies and television can," WB Games President David Haddad said in an interview with IGN.
So while WB Games has nothing to announce at this time, DC's importance to all facets of WB is evident outside of games in the DC Comics cinematic universe kicking off with this year's Batman V Superman: Dawn of Justice and Suicide Squad. But don't expect WB Games to necessarily choose which characters could be suited to future titles because of that film slate.
"We get asked that question, 'Are you making movie games?' And that is so far from the way that we approach the business and the industry," Haddad said. "Fundamentally, these things have to work as great games and great game franchises."
Haddad declined to comment on whether any of WB's other studios are working on DC-related properties but did note that its teams, which include Batman: Arkham Origins developer WB Montreal and Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor studio Monolith Productions, are all hard at work.
"All of our internally owned console studios are very busy on their next projects," Haddad said.
DC Comics fans can get their fix with the upcoming Injustice 2 and Batman: Arkham VR, Rocksteady Studios' latest foray into the world of the dark knight, and even Lego Dimensions, which is set to debut the Teen Titans in its second year of content packs.
Jonathon Dornbush is an Associate Editor for IGN who is still trying to perfect his Bat growl. Find him on Twitter @jmdornbush.


text: Wildlife and Wildlife Preservation LISTEN: Learn About The Birds You'll Find In Iowa In March By Matthew Alvarez & Charity Nebbe • Mar 24, 2020 Craig Meyers Listen Listening... / 47:55 Charity Nebbe speaks with Jim Pease and John Howl about the different species of birds you'll see in Iowa in March. While schools are closed, we're creating a series of "Talk of Iowa" episodes that will be fun and educational for learners of all ages. Every Tuesday, we'll learn about Iowa wildlife, and every Thursday, we'll learn about Iowa history. Iowa DNR Proposes Adjusting Deer Harvest Quotas In More Than 20 Counties By Katie Peikes • Feb 21, 2020 Flickr State biologists are considering increasing the number of antlerless deer that hunters can harvest in 11 counties next hunting season, while at the same time, decreasing the harvest quota in as many others. Vietnam Veteran Fights To Save Grizzly Bears And The Environment By Matthew Alvarez & Ben Kieffer • Feb 20, 2020 Ben Moon On this edition of River to River, host Ben Kieffer speaks with Doug Peacock about his work in the wilderness, tracking dangerous animals, his fight against climate change and his crusade to save grizzly bears. Peacock is the author of "The Essential Grizzly: The Mingled Fates of Men and Bears", "Walking It Off: A Veteran's Chronicle of War and Wilderness" and "Grizzly Years: In Search of the American Wilderness." Iowa Rivers: Vital Ecosystems in a "Sea of Agriculture" By Emily Woodbury & Charity Nebbe • Jun 3, 2019 Charity Nebbe This program originally aired on July 18, 2017. Rivers are a vital part of Iowa's ecosystem. "Rivers in Iowa are the most important corridors of habitat, the ribbons of habitat, that we have left," says wildlife biologist Jim Pease. Over the past four summers Pease has paddled 1800 miles of Iowa rivers. On these trips he's learned a lot about habitat, water quality, and human impact on the water ways. What Mass Extinction Means For Our Species By Charity Nebbe & Sthefany Nobriga • May 20, 2019 UNMIT /Martine Perret / Flickr Early this month the UN's Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services released a summary of an upcoming 1,500-page report, where it states that one million plants, insects and animal species are on the verge of extinction. Western Iowa Wildlife Refuge Reopens After Repairs Made To Flood-Damaged Parts By Katie Peikes • May 13, 2019 Jessica Johnson / USFWS A western Iowa wildlife refuge reopened Monday after it flooded nearly two months ago and was closed to the public. Author of "The Sixth Extinction" to Speak in Cedar Falls By Charity Nebbe & Emily Woodbury • Sep 12, 2018 David Nunn The Earth's fossil record shows that the planet has been through several periods of mass extinction. The Fifth Extinction was the one that ended the dinosaurs, and many people believe that we are now in the midst of the Sixth Extinction, driven this time not by an asteroid, but by pressures created by humans. Meet an Iowan Fighting Wildfires Out West By Emily Woodbury & Ben Kieffer • Mar 21, 2018 Courtesy of Nate Weiner Every year, thousands of fires destroy millions of acres of wilderness. "It sounds like a freight train going through the woods," says wildland firefighter Nathan Weiner, describing the experience of fighting one of his first wildfires. "We get plugged in off the side of the road, we've got aircraft flying overhead, and there's a hundred foot flames screaming up the hill. It's just that wild moment where you realize how small you are in the world." Valentine's Day in the Animal Kingdom By Natalia Reyes • Feb 14, 2018 Stepan Mazurov This Valentine's Day, while many humans woo potential mates with chocolate, flowers or other tokens, there are a number of other species that are also in the mood for love. Eagles are nesting, barn owls are calling, cardinals are singing, and love is in the air. On this hour of Talk of Iowa, Charity Nebbe sits down with wildlife biologist Jim Pease to talk about mating calls and other wooing habits of the animal kingdom. Snowy Owls Visit Iowa By Charity Nebbe & Ben Stanton • Dec 13, 2017 Mike-Wise / https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ - Cropping and lighting changes made Iowans have been reporting snowy owl sightings across the state this year. In this wildlife day edition of Talk of Iowa, host Charity Nebbe is joined by wildlife biologist Jim Pease to talk through the unique characteristics of the snowy owl, and why they are in Iowa. "It's a common thing that happens with northern critters. It includes everything from snowshoes hares in the boreal forest to snowy owls in the arctic. They go through regular cycles of boom and bust in response to the available food supply." Rare Bird Spotted in Iowa: the Bar-Tailed Godwit By Emily Woodbury & Ben Stanton • Aug 14, 2017 Steve Dinsmore The bar-tailed godwit has an impressive flight pattern; the bird can fly from Alaska to New Zealand in eight days. The bird normally breeds in Alaska and then flies an often non-stop migration route to New Zealand and Australia, but incredibly, one bar-tailed godwit landed south of Des Moines last week. It's the first time it has been documented in Iowa; it's only ever been documented in inland North America in Utah. Iowa Bats: Quality Habitat Essential in Fight against White Nose Syndrome By Emily Woodbury & Charity Nebbe • Jul 20, 2017 Pete Pattavina/U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Bats are a fascinating and beneficial part of Iowa's eco-system, but they have a public relations problem; centuries of fictional villainy and bad publicity means that many people are still frightened and disgusted by them. Wildlife Day: Think Twice About Cutting Down that Damaged Tree By Lindsey Moon & Charity Nebbe • May 16, 2017 Susan Young/Flickr When a tree dies or is damaged, our first instinct is to cut it down, but there are many reasons to reconsider. There are birds, mammals and many other species of wildlife who make their homes in fallen trees and holes in the ground. It's Hatch Day in Decorah By Charity Nebbe • Mar 28, 2017 Michael Leland Large migratory birds, including turkey vultures, sandhill cranes, great blue herons, and bald eagles, are on the move in Iowa this spring. One eagle in particular is trying to hatch out of its shell in a nest just north of Decorah. [See live feeds of eagles - both the "Decorah Eagles" and the "Decorah North Nest"] UI's Wildlife Camp Goes Statewide By Lindsey Moon & Charity Nebbe • Feb 28, 2017 Since 1991, the University of Iowa's Wildlife Camp has been working to teach Iowa youth to love the outdoors and all the bugs and dirt that come with it. It's expanding this year to include six new state parks across Iowa, thanks to a grant from the Iowa Department of Natural Resources. During this Talk of Iowa segment, assistant camp director Meredith Caskey talks with host Charity Nebbe. DNR Issues Free Hunting Permits To Cull Deer, Track Chronic Wasting Disease By Sarah Boden • Jan 26, 2017 Flickr / Carl Wycoff The Iowa Department of Natural Resources is distributing free scientific collector's permits to deer hunters in northeast Iowa, to use by February 5. The state agency says it hopes to collect up to 300 samples from culled deer, information it will use to combat the spread of chronic wasting disease. Coyotes Adapt to Live Alongside Humans By Developing Nocturnal Habits By Charity Nebbe & Emily Woodbury • Jan 17, 2017 Charity Nebbe When wolves disappeared from Iowa in the early 20th century, coyotes filled the vacancy left behind. "The coyote, then, was mostly a western species - a great plains species that gradually moved eastward," says emeritus wildlife extension specialist, Jim Pease. In addition to adapting to a new area, coyotes have also adapted to live alongside humans. Iowa: A Southern Vacation for Birds of Prey? By Charity Nebbe & Emily Woodbury & Gray Lantta • Dec 15, 2016 Michael Leland As temperatures begin to fall past zero in Iowa, it's hard to believe that for some birds, especially birds of prey, Iowa is a southerly destination when it comes to migration. "There are some that are coming from the arctic, there are some that are coming from the boreal forests," Says wildlife biologist Jim Pease. "But in general, if we think of raptors, owls tend to stay, hawks tend to move, and eagles do both." For snowy owls, Iowa can provide food sources that their usual arctic homes cannot. Conservationists, Trappers Square Off Over Threatened Wildlife By Joyce Russell • Dec 13, 2016 Timothy Freund/flickr A statehouse committee today heard impassioned testimony in a dispute over a proposed new season for hunting wild turtles in Iowa. After action by the legislature, the DNR proposes a nearly year-long season to trap a limited number of the reptiles which conservationists say are threatened with possible extinction. New rules outlining the season were under discussion at the Iowa Administrative Rules Review Committee. Conservationists say the proposed season is too long. Scarlet Experiment: Birds and Humans in America By Emily Woodbury & Charity Nebbe • Oct 17, 2016 Heather Paul / Flickr Adding up the costs of bird seed, travel, and birding tools, birders spend more than 20 billion dollars a year just to look at them, but birds also get in the way. Humans tend to consider some birds good and some birds bad. For example, the blue jay was long considered a morally corrupt bird due to its behavior of raiding other birds' nests, but in recent years, the bird has been recognized for its intellect. When Critters Do "The Shuffle"? By Lindsey Moon & Charity Nebbe & Gray Lantta • Sep 13, 2016 Gilles Gonthier / Wikimedia Commons The chill in the air and the traces of color on the trees are sure signs of fall, and so are the large number of raccoons and possums you see along the roadsides. Wild animals all over Iowa are doing the "fall shuffle," and among these animals are the more than three hundred species of birds that can be seen flying across the state. "A lot of the northern species are down in our area, or have already moved through," says Iowa State University Wildlife Biologist Jim Pease. They all have similar reasons for heading south towards sunnier skies. Protecting Migratory Birds in 2016 By Lindsey Moon & Charity Nebbe • Sep 6, 2016 Aviceda / Wikimedia Commons In the early 1900s, one of the most populous birds in the world, passenger pigeons, were hunted to extinction in the wild. The very last passenger pigeon, Martha, died in captivity in 1914. A few years later, the United States enacted the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, a treaty that has paved the way for conservation efforts that have saved countless endangered bird species. Protect Plants from Wildlife in the Winter By Katherine Perkins & Charity Nebbe • Sep 2, 2016 Thompson Greg, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service / Public Domain Your friendly neighborhood herbivores, like deer and rabbits, aren't opposed to snacking on your garden in the best of times, but they are particularly prone to snacking on ornamental trees and shrubs when the snow flies. Iowa State University Extension Horticulturist Richard Jauron says the plants that are most vulnerable to deer during the winter months are evergreens like arborvitae and yews, but new plantings of trees and shrubs should also be protected. Coyote America--How These Small Western Wolves Have Adapted and Survived By Charity Nebbe • Aug 25, 2016 Basic Books Dan Flores, author of ten books on western U.S. history, calls coyotes "an American original," having evolved in North America over five million years ago. Many people tried to kill them off as late as the 1960s, but they have bounced back and are now found in all states except Delaware and Hawaii. Feeling Stressed? Try Nature Therapy By Lindsey Moon & Charity Nebbe • Jul 14, 2016 Kevin Schuchmann/Wikimedia Commons Many of us turn to nature for peace, recreation, and inspiration, and research is starting to support how interaction with the natural world can improve health and decrease stress. Dr. Suzanne Bartlett is an Integrative Medicine Specialist at Mercy Medical Center in Cedar Rapids. When she started practicing medicine, she worked as an obstetrician. Today, she's incorporating what she calls nature therapy into her new integrative medicine practice. The Elusive American Badger By Charity Nebbe & Lauren Knudson • Jul 5, 2016 Jon Nelson The honey badger may be an internet sensation, but Iowa is home to an equally tenacious species of badger. On this edition of Talk of Iowa, Charity Nebbe talks with wildlife biologist Jim Pease about the American Badger. Although badgers are rarely seen in Iowa, they do live here. Due to their independent nature it is hard to know exactly how many badgers are in state, but quite a bit is known about their lives in the Midwest. Black Bear Hit By Truck in Northeast Iowa By Sarah Boden • Jun 27, 2016 Brian Gibbs A young black bear was struck by a glass-delivery truck and killed on Friday evening in far northeast Iowa. The incident occurred on Highway 76, near the Yellow River Forest in Allamakee County. "It's a heavily-wooded area," says Kevin Baskins of the Iowa DOT. "You obviously have the Mississippi River bordering it on the east side, and so there's a lot of pretty decent habitat for bears if they do wander into that neck of the woods." Please Don't Go Finding Dory Outside the Movie Theatre By Lindsey Moon & Charity Nebbe • Jun 15, 2016 Pacific Remote Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex / Wikimedia Commons 'Finding Dory,' the sequel to the very popular 'Finding Nemo,' hits theaters this weekend. Lots of fans of the first movie are excited. For some scientists, it's a different story entirely. Dory is a pacific blue tang fish, and just like sales of clownfish skyrocketed after the first movie, pet stores are anticipating demand for the pacific blue tang. That demand, however, could have serious consequences for a fish that can't be breed in captivity. Go Outside! Spring Birds Are Migrating During the Next Few Weeks By Lindsey Moon & Charity Nebbe • May 10, 2016 SriMesh / Wikimedia Commons If you're been outside in the last week or so across the state, you've heard it: spring migratory rush hour. Lots of species make long migrations in the winter, and many bird species are making their appearances right now across the state. "We have seen, in the last two days, very large flocks of Harris Sparrows and White Crown Sparrows," says wildlife biologist Jim Pease. "They are coming through from the South and they will end up in the Arctic. It happens quick when they come through. This morning, I haven't noticed nearly as many Harris Sparrows as I did yesterday." Slideshow: The Great Migration on the Serengeti Plain By Emily Woodbury & Charity Nebbe • Apr 19, 2016 Jim Pease Lions, zebras, and elephants are not native to the Iowa landscape, but a lot can be learned from these African creatures and from the challenges they face. On this wildlife day edition of Talk of Iowa, Charity Nebbe sits down with wildlife biologist Jim Pease, who has just returned from a trip to Africa. His guide, Jim Heck, of Explorer's World Travel, also joins the conversation to talk about their journey and what they saw, including an up close and personal encounter with the Great Migration. Pages1 2 3 next › last »


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Up until recently, Logan would only watch Baby Einstein and enjoy it. But now he has a new favorite video. He likes to watch the beginning of "Lady and the Tramp", the part when Lady is a puppy and running around. He loses interest by the time the dogs start talking, but up until then he watches it excitedly. Since the laptop has been broken he wasn't watching any videos and was missing them, so tonight I sat with him and we watched the above video. He was so happy.
He also has reached a stage where if he can't get what he wants immediately, he will cry and throw a fit. I am teaching him not to do that by telling him to stop when he does it and he takes it pretty well.
I cut his hair again. I buzzed most of it but left some on the top. He looks so cute and more grown up. As soon as I get some new batteries for the camera, I will take a pic and post all the old ones I have.
Today I took him to the baby store to buy a new bib. While there he spotted a rocking horse and wanted to ride it, so I put him on. You should have seen his face light up when it started moving. It was like the most exciting thing he had done in a long time. We also took time to browse through the toys and I showed him one that made music. He loved it and wanted to press the buttons over and over. I finally had to distract him from it so we could leave.
He is really into music now. Any music he hears, no matter where it is coming from, he wants to dance to it. He will move his hands in time to the music and has good rhythm. I am thinking of getting him a drum set when he is a little older. That is, if my ears can handle the racket.
Here is a pic I haven't posted yet. He does very well at feeding himself, though he is quite messy and I usually stick him in the shower when he is done.


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The variation and anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity and the coefficient of consolidation was investigated for two Swedish sulphide clays. A series of constant rate of strain oedometer tests was performed on samples trimmed in the vertical and horizontal direction. A methodology to evaluate the horizontal coefficients of consolidation c h via the horizontal hydraulic conductivity k h and the vertical compression modulus M v is proposed. Laboratory evaluations of c h are also compared with determinations of c h from in situ piezometer measurements in vertically drained sulphide clay. Furthermore, the validity of the empirical correlation between hydraulic conductivity change index C k and initial void ratio e 0, C k = 0.5e 0 (Tavenas et al. in Can Geotech J 20(4):645-660, 1983b), was investigated for the sulphide clays. The results from the investigation show large ranges in measured hydraulic conductivities and coefficients of consolidation. However, the results indicate that the correlation C k = 0.5e 0 is valid. The anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity and the coefficient of consolidation of the sulphide clays tested seems to be small. For design purposes, multiple tests for assessment of hydraulic conductivity and the coefficient of consolidation should be made, and a partial factor of safety, depending on the requisite level of safety and the spatial variability of the parameters, should be introduced. For design purposes in this type of clay, k h = k v and c h = c v are suggested.
During staged construction of embankments on clay foundations, the undrained shear strength s(u) increases due to consolidation during the construction process. The increase is usually related to the pre-consolidation pressure sigma'(p) by way of the ratio s(u)/sigma'(p) and is important when assessing the stability of an embankment. Properties controlling the increase are usually associated with various unknowns that can be difficult to predict before construction. A case involving a large embankment built on vertically drained sulfide clay is presented. Empirical knowledge and experience of similar constructions on sulfide clay were limited, therefore there were uncertainties of the soil-drain interaction and how the soil would behave under the embankment load. A trial embankment was built to gather knowledge and experience of this particular soil and the observational method was adopted. The study presents how embankment stability was predicted at design stage and controlled during construction. It highlights the importance and usefulness of obtaining measurement data from different types of measurements. Laboratory tests and a large number of in situ tests at different stages during construction were performed to assess s(u)/sigma'(p) ratios in the sulfide clay. The mean s(u)/sigma'(p) ratio was estimated by means of statistical analysis to 0.25 for a large stress interval.
Important features of the multivariate approach are discussed, and an extension to this approach is proposed whereby the total uncertainty in site investigation methods due to spatial averaging is assessed prior to its adoption. Results from a site investigation of spatially averaged values of undrained shear strength (S-u) and the corresponding coefficient of variation (COVSu) in Veda sulphide clay were used as a practical illustration of the extended multivariate approach and provide a basis for discussion. The inherent variability and scales of fluctuation for different methods are presented. The study shows the usefulness of the extended multivariate approach for the evaluation of representative values of S-u and COVSu based on results from different methods. It is also a way of implicitly reducing the transformation errors that arise when a property is derived from measurement results. Nevertheless, considerable care must be taken as a much lower COV for one method will have a significant impact on the results.
For staging the construction of embankments on soft clay, an important aspect in deterministic or probabilistic stability analyses is the assessment of the representative average values and associated uncertainties for the undrained shear strength as the height of the embankment is sequentially increased. Assessments made prior to construction can be verified by performing observations during the construction phase. All relevant available information should be incorporated into an analysis to increase the level of confidence and the objectivity of the assessment. To this end, we apply an extended multivariate approach to assess the undrained shear strength using different indirect measurement methods during the staged construction of the Veda embankment (Sweden). This multivariate approach implies that uncertainties associated with the assessments are reduced, and objectively weighted averages are obtained. The resulting implications on the calculated deterministic safety factors and the probabilistically retrieved reliability indices of the embankment are thoroughly discussed in this work.
The analytical design of vertical drains in soft clay requires knowledge of the coefficient of consolidation and also of the disturbance effects induced during the installation of the drains. Several analytical models describing the disturbance effects in different ways are proposed in the literature. The earliest and simplest models describe the disturbance effect in terms of concentric cylinders around a drain where a reduced and constant permeability is assumed, while more recent models attempt to describe the disturbance more realistically via more complex mathematical formulations. Although these new models describe the real in situ behaviour more realistically than the early ones, they may not always be suitable for practical use as many of the required variables are difficult to assess by standard investigation methods. This study investigates and discusses the difference between some of the available models and evaluates the influences on the results of the variables incorporated in the models.


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After a nearly two-year-long battle, the State Bar of Arizona has dismissed all allegations of any "fraudulent lawsuits" made against attorneys Daniel Warner, Raees Mohamed, and Aaron Kelly. From the beginning, Kelly/Warner has maintained its position and has now been vindicated. The State Bar of Arizona made allegations against each of the three partners – allegations each partner found to be very serious and concerning. However, after conducting a full investigation, the State Bar was convinced that no member of the firm engaged in any fraudulent conduct. Although Daniel Warner and Aaron Kelly admitted to making some mistakes regarding diligence and communication, the admissions did not involve any fraudulent or other dishonest conduct.
In recognizing his mistake, Dan Warner agreed to be admonished and participate in State Bar's Law Office Management Assistance Program (aka "LOMAP") for two years. Aaron Kelly took responsibility for his mistakes by agreeing to be reprimanded, as well as participate in LOMAP for two years.
It is unfortunate that the members of the firm were lumped in with the many unsavory characters that swim in the rough waters of internet defamation and cyber harassment. This area of law is certainly not for the faint of heart. But even with some of the worst allegations being splattered all over the internet by the firm's detractors, the litigators of the firm, Daniel Warner and Raees Mohamed, did not run and hide. Instead, they took on several other contentious internet defamation cases, in addition to litigating their existing cases, along with the State Bar proceeding. Those looking to test their resolve should seriously think twice. In fact, internet defamation and harassment victims now choose partners of the firm to represent them because of their first-hand experiences with being defamed and harassed online.
Unfortunately, however, some people seem to be unable to accept these facts. With each new attack launched or exacerbated by the firm's "fan club" of detractors, the members of Kelly / Warner only become stronger and better lawyers.
For example, even though all allegations of fraud were dismissed against the members of the firm, the firm's "fan club" continues to attempt to use the State Bar proceeding to harm the firm. The individuals have published numerous posts about how Daniel Warner and Aaron Kelly agreed to be placed on "probation" for two years — as if the "probation" were a bad thing. What these individuals do not understand is that the term "probation" has a particular meaning here and it is not the "Law & Order" version of probation (i.e., "walking on thin ice"). The "probation" referenced means that Daniel Warner and Aaron Kelly must participate in the State Bar's Law Office Management Assistance Program ("LOMAP").
A program like LOMAP is actually welcoming, as it ensures that the firm's practices and procedures are beyond reproach. For a lawyer like Daniel Warner, who will continue to be attacked for aggressively litigating for his clients, it will ensure that his practices meet and/or exceed the ethical rules.
Make no mistake: The partners at Kelly / Warner will not be intimidated under any circumstances and will continue to fight the good fight for legitimate defamation victims.
Lastly — to all of our loyal clients, friends, family, and colleagues — we again thank you for your support and encouragement and sticking by us throughout these turbulent times. We will never stop fighting for you and defamation victims like you.


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Wednesday, January 22, 2014
Dang... I Missed It!
I hate when a holiday slips by! How could I have missed National Popcorn Day? It was on January 19. Since I did not celebrate the day that pays homage to my favorite snack, I might just have to have a bowl today. Since I am trying to cut a few Christmas pounds, I have been indulging in a low-fat version. I simply put a scoop (about 1/3 cup) of popcorn kernels in a glass bowl with a vented lid. Next, I sprinkle on some popcorn salt. It goes in the microwave till popped.
Labels: National Popcorn Day
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Tab and Configuration Permissions
Opportunity Gatekeeper Permissions
During Installation any profiles that were granted access to the application will have tab visibility for the Opportunity Gatekeeper Tab. To only allow access to specific users do the following.
First block access to the tab for all Profiles
On all profiles, edit and set the tab visibility for Opportunity Gatekeeper to 'Default Off'
Next, open up access with a Permission Set
Create a Permission Set for the Tab visibility
- Setup > Manage Users > Permission Sets > New
- Name the permission set
- User License: Salesforce
- Save
On the next screen
- Select Object Settings > Opportunity Gatekeeper
- Click Edit
- Check the Available and Visible Checkboxes and Save
Next, assign the permission set to specific users
1. Go to the user record you wish to add to this permission set.
2. From the top Permission Set Assignments link, or from the Permission Set Assignments related list click Edit Assignments.
3. Select your Permission Set on the left and move it to the right Enable Permission Sets section
4. Save
Accessing the Opportunity Gatekeeper Tab
In most cases configuration this application is done once, and occasionally adjusted, so users may not want to have permanent visibility for this Tab from a specific Salesforce App. (An App is the dropdown choice of Tab views on the top right of the browser window – see the image to the right.)
Your user can access the Opportunity Gatekeeper Configuration Tab as needed by clicking + icon on the right of their tab navigation and then clicking on the Opportunity Gatekeeper link.
If the user wants permanent access to the Opportunity Gatekeeper Tab they can add it to any App they have access to:
- Click the + icon on the right of their tab navigation
- Click Customize My Tabs button on the top right of the All Tabs page
3. Select the App they want to display the tab on from the Custom App drop down
4. Select Opportunity Gatekeeper on the left and move it to the right in the Selected Tabs section
5. Save
The Tab now will be displayed in that App.


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5 Stamps for Large Lemonades on Thursday June 7 at Dutch Bros Woodland/Dixon/Davis!!!
I am VERY excited about this for a couple reasons…
I just need a few more stamps for my card..
AND- Lemonades are way cheaper (Like $3.75!) Finishing a Stamp Card with Lemonades is awesome because my girls will want a huge Rebel drink that is like $7-so this will save me some $$$$!
Their lemonades are also VERY good! Make sure you get them blended, or blended extra thick! My kids like the Strawberry and the Cherry too!


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Collection Information
Size: 0.2 linear ft. (53 items on partial microfilm reel).
Summary: Twenty-one letters, 1931-1972 from actress Joan Crawford, Chief Justice Earl Warren, Jocyline (Mrs. James L.) Buckley, and others, complimenting Haupt's portrait work, and three letters from lawyer E. Smythe Gambrell relating to a portrait of William B. Woods. In addition, there are photographs of Haupt and of his work, a group of etchings of Annapolis, Maryland with text by William O. Stevens, an invitation list for a party given by Ambassador Farland in honor of Haupt, and catalogs and clippings.