text:
Aesthetic / Cosmetic dentistry:
Aesthetic / Cosmetic dentistry is generally used to refer to any dental work that improves the appearance (though not necessarily the function) of a person's teeth, gums and/or bite. It primarily focuses on improvement dental aesthetics in color, position, shape, size, alignment and overall smile appearance.
• Smile Makeover
• Dental veneers
• Lumineers
• Gum Contouring
• At home teeth whitening
• Teeth Whitening
Smile Makeover
A smile makeover is the process of improving the appearance of the smile through one or more cosmetic dentistry procedures, such as dental veneers, composite bonding, tooth implants and teeth whitening.
The term "Digital Smile Design" is simply referring to the visual process we use to plan treatment so we can see what your final smile will look like before we begin treating you.


text:
Job Information
The Hertz Corporation Distribution Manager (DFW) in Dfw Airport, Texas
General Responsibilities
Do you thrive in a fast pace environment where you are faced with challenges and shifting priorities? Are you an enthusiastic individual who is a decisive self-starter with the competitive drive to win? If you prefer a professional workplace where you can meet new people and focus on all aspects of growing a business then we are looking for you be a Distribution Manager.
Coordinate fleet moves throughout the entire Dallas area (2 major airport and 35 off airport locations).
Ensure the efficient delivery of wholesale and turnback units to the appropriate auctions to reduce vehicle deletion time.
Supervise a large staff of transporters and manage productivity to reduce costs, enhance customer service and improve performance.
Help to manage the in-fleeting process.
Work in conjunction with the Fleet and Contribution (yield) departments to ensure the pool is making the correct "move" decisions based on contributory rentals.
Complete a variety off administrative responsibilities including but not limited to working in conjunction with ERS, locating missing cars, maintaining non-revenue vehicle reporting, verifying wholesales / turnbacks, opening and receiving purchase orders and tow tickets, requesting vehicle titles, assisting with regional re-marketing efforts and answered all fleet related questions for the field as they arise.
Mandatory Requirements
Candidates need to have:
Bachelor's degree in a business-related field preferred.
Must have a valid driver's license and an excellent driving record.
Ability to drive multiple types of vehicles (automatic)
Ability to project professional appearance.
Excellent communications skills with the ability to engage in verbal interactions with customers.
Strong problem-solving and decision making skills.
Properly manage employees including; training, developing, setting expectations, and disciplining.
Must have basic computer skills and knowledge of Microsoft Office programs
Must be able to carry out additional duties and responsibilities as assigned by management due to operational needs.
Must have the ability to work flexible schedules, including holidays and weekends as occasionally required
EEO Statement
Hertz is a Drug-Free Workplace. All employment is contingent on successful completion of drug and background screening.
Hertz is an equal opportunity affirmative action employer and administers all personnel practices without regard to race, color, religion, sex, age, national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status or domestic partnership status, disability, protected veteran status or military status, genetic information, or any other category protected under applicable law. Hertz is committed to taking affirmative steps to promote the employment and advancement of minorities, women, persons with disabilities and protected veterans.
Location US-TX-Dfw Airport
Job ID 181496
# Positions 1
Category Fleet Operations
Division CORP - Field Only
Position Type Regular Full Time

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Italian Felino Salami is one of the first products produced by Boschi Fratelli. They manufacture all of their products using the ingredients and following the processing and curing methods passed down from generation to generation. A tradition which stands for quality.
Italian Felino Salami is a pure pork salami from Felino, a small town located in the green Baganza valley, full of forests where herds of pigs are raised using traditional farming methods. This special salami is the product of the best pork meat and the particular micro-climate of the area of production, allowing it to be aged naturally due to the ideal temperature and right amount of humidity and ventilation.
The fresh meat used to make the salami is carefully selected from de-boned shoulder and belly that is ground with lean and fat cuts of ham. The salami is then stuffed by hand into a pork casing, which gives it its characteristic uneven width. It is then aged slowly and the final product should be soft, with a sweet taste and delicate aroma.
Price per 1kg log
Please note: Freight is via a non-chilled courier packed with ice


text:
An in depth history of southwest Mississippi logging railroads and early sawmills. After several years of research, Dr. Gilbert Hoffman first published this title in 1992. Contains extensive text, numerous early sawmill, locomotive and logging equipment photographs, extensive bibliography, a mill and railroad roster and an index. 1999 Second Edition Quentin Press. Laminated boards. Like new. Very scarce. 308pp. G0R-G0Z-KOO
Dummy Lines Through The Longleaf. A History of the Sawmills & Logging RR of SW Mississippi (Hoffman)
- Product Code: Fine
- Availability: In Stock


text:
St. Luke tells us that on the night on which Jesus was born, there were in the same country shepherds abiding in the field, keeping watch over their flock by night. And the angel of the Lord came upon them, and the glory of the Lord shone round about them: and they were scared to death. But the angel told them not to be afraid, that he wasn't there to hurt them, but to bring them the greatest news ever. For unto you, the angel told them, unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord. The angel told them how to find the Child: He will be the only Baby lying in a manger this evening. And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God, lots and lots of angels, singing "Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men."
And so, two-thousand years after that night, we sang the same song those angels sang, Gloria in excelsis Deo, glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men. We sing that song because that message of the angels is still good news, two-thousand years of human history has done nothing to diminish how good that news was. We know why a Baby born in a remote village in the Middle East was good news, but have you ever wondered why the shepherds didn't look at each other and say "Good news of great joy? A Savior? What the heck are these angels talking about? A Baby in a feeding trough? And angels, what the heck are those things? Forget this." The angels were scary, and the news was strange: a Savior. How many of us ever think that we need a savior? A savior from what, exactly? How come the shepherds didn't ask if they needed a savior?
They didn't need to ask because they not only knew they needed a savior, but they were actually expecting a savior. The shepherds, and for that matter all of Israel had been living a four-thousand year Advent season, they had been waiting, expecting, calling out for God to send the Messiah, the One who would save them from their troubles. Shepherds were disreputable people, they were thought of as thieves, they were amongst the unclean along with tax collectors and prostitutes, shepherding was a despised trade. So Luke is telling us that, for all intents and purposes, the angels first announced the birth of the Messiah to the ancient equivalent of a biker gang, like the Hells Angels were the first to hear what God was up to. And what did that sheep-herding biker gang do when told that good news? They went to check it out for themselves.
And so here we are, two-thousand years later, still singing the song of the angels but still somewhat perplexed by that heavenly host, we're still trying to figure out exactly what it means to need a savior, what it is that we are being saved from; we're still trying to figure out why the birth of a backwater baby is good news. Most of us from time to time probably get passing glimpses, little shimmers of answers to these questions; maybe our hearts let us know that we are not so different from those shepherds, we are not so clean as to not need a wash, not so reputable as to not need an Advocate, not so righteous as to not need a savior. Maybe from time to time our hearts let us know that without the birth of that Child, without God making good on His promise, we would all teeter on the edge of hopelessness, that if that night in Bethlehem never happened, our fears would outweigh our hopes, our tears would outweigh our joys.
And so here we are. Some of you are here because you are always here, some of you are here because it's Christmas and that's what you do, some of you are here because someone else dragged you here. Whatever reason you are here, whatever or whoever caused you to come here tonight, you have, whether you meant to or not, made the same journey those shepherds made two-thousand years ago. For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord. Unto you, each one of you and all of us, is born this day the relief of those fears we are only sometimes willing to admit, the fulfillment of those hopes we don't always know we have, the cause of that joy and wonder even sheep-herding bikers had to go see for themselves.
I don't know what happened to those shepherds after they found that babe wrapped up in swaddling clothes and lying in a manger. Certainly they went on their way, back to their flocks, back to the life they had known. But I can't imagine that having seen the Savior of the world lying in a feeding trough, those shepherds went back to their flocks unchanged; there's just no going back to normal after seeing that Child, after seeing salvation Himself face to face. Tonight you have seen and will see again that same Child, you will follow that same Jesus from His birth in Bethlehem to His last supper in Jerusalem to His last breath on Calvary. You will partake of His Body and Blood, that heavenly Food and Drink of unending life in Him. Like those shepherds you will see Him face to face, unto you this day a Savior is given, who is Christ the Lord. Glory to God in the highest, and to you and yours peace and goodwill. Merry Christmas.


text:
Enjoy a retro makeover, with full hair and makeup, before posing in your choice of pin-up outfit. With vintage sets and a free digital image included, it's a photoshoot like no other!
- Birmingham (West Midlands)
- Gift Voucher valid for 1 Participant
Enjoy a retro makeover, with full hair and makeup, before posing in your choice of pin-up outfit. With vintage sets and a free digital image included, it's a photoshoot like no other!
Photography Experience Days: Photoshoot Experience Days: Fans of the vintage pin-up up look will love this unique makeover and photoshoot in Birmingham. Feel fabulous in full hair and makeup, plus your choice of outfit, and strike a pose in a variety of retro sets!
The experience takes place in Birmingham's only 1950s-themed beauty salon, milkshake bar, pin-up emporium, photo, dance and craft studio. Crossing the threshold is like stepping onto a movie set—complete with pink Cadillac sofas, vintage hood dryers, rock 'n' roll on the jukebox, and welcoming pin-up staff. Fans of Grease will love it! The experience includes professional hair styling and makeup, and guests can pick an outfit from the huge selection of clothing, lingerie and swimwear. You'll then pose for the camera in a variety of retro sets—including a 1950s diner, 1960s living room, and the beauty parlour itself. You'll receive a complimentary digital image from the shoot and can purchase more from £12 each when buying in bulk. Just one extra photo costs £20 but is subject to change. Leave looking and—more importantly—feeling fabulous!
The Pin-Up Photoshoot in Birmingham is a great confidence boost, and it would make a thoughtful experience gift for the nostalgic lady in your life. Go on, treat her to an Experience Days voucher today!
The Pin up Photoshoot in Birmingham runs Tuesdays to Saturdays from 10am till 6pm, year round.
The centre is closed between Christmas and New Year.
Booking in advance is essential especially for weekends as they book up very quickly.
The minimum age is 14 , however the minimum age you need to be in order to not be accompanied by an adult is 16.
Please not cameras allowed during the session apart from the photographer of course!
Experience Duration: 02:00
Time Spent at Venue: 03:00The whole experience will last between two to three hours based on one person. Please expect to be there longer if there are more of you there.
Participants: The Pin Up Photoshoot in Birmingham is for 1 participant.
Max Group Size: +10
Spectators Allowed on Site: Yes
The maximum group size per shoot is 30.
On weekdays you can take up to two spectators, however on weekends you can only take one due to space.
Please note that spectators are not permitted to take personal photos or videos of the experience.
The venue do supply an array of clothing, lingerie and swimwear. You can bring your own pin up outfit if you choose to.
Outfits cater for women's size between 8-24.
This is held inside so will not be affected by weather.
Yes, the price includes one digital image from the shoot. You can purchase additional pictures from £12 each.


text:
Call now 0800 0194530
Fast & Convenient Local & National Skip Hire
Book Online Now!
FindaSkip is the UK's most effective nationwide skip hire source & supply
FindaSkip is here to help you with all of your skip hire enquiries and information requests. You can contact us 24 hrs a day – 7 days a week.
If you need advice, ideas, or maybe you have a suggestion for us to improve our service.
Email us at: [email protected]
Telephone us on : 0800 019 4530
Visit our Suppliers page and fill out the form or if you have a query :


text:
Original Research ARTICLE
Variation in fungal microbiome (mycobiome) and aflatoxin in stored in-shell peanuts at four different areas of China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology – Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
The contamination of peanuts with Aspergillus sp. and subsequently aflatoxins is considered to be one of the most serious safety problems in the world. Mycobiome in peanuts is critical for aflatoxin production and food safety. To evaluate the biodiversity and ecological characteristics of whole communities in stored peanuts, the barcoded Illumina paired-end sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of rDNA was used to characterize the peanut mycobiome monthly over a period of 1 year at four main peanut grown areas, i.e., Liaoning (LN, North East), Shandong (SD, East), Hubei (HB, Central), and Guangdong (GD, South) provinces. The fungal diversity of peanuts stored in SD was the highest with 98 OTUs and 43 genera, followed by LN, HB and GD. In peanuts stored in SD, Rhizopus, Emericella, and Clonostachys were predominant. In peanuts from LN, Penicillium, Eurotium, and Clonostachys were abundant. In peanuts from HB, Penicillium, Eurotium, and Aspergillus were higher. In GD peanuts, Eurotium, Aspergillus, and Emericella were mainly seen. The abundances of Aspergillus in LN, SD, HB, and GD were 0.53, 6.29, 10.86, and 25.75%, respectively. From the North of China to the South, that increased over the latitude, suggesting that the higher temperature and relative humidity might increase the risk of peanuts contaminated with Aspergillus and aflatoxins. During the storage, Aspergillus levels were higher at 7–12 months than in 0–6 months, suggesting that the risk increases over storage time. At 7–10 months, AFB1 was higher in four areas, while declined further. The reduction of AFB1 might be attributed to the inhibition and degradation of AFB1 by Aspergillus niger or to the combination with the compounds of peanuts. This is the first study that identified the mycobiome and its variation in stored peanuts using ITS2 sequencing technology, and provides the basis for a detailed characterization of whole mycobiome in peanuts.
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by different fungal species when they infect the foods and feeds. Mycotoxins contamination is commonly seen in the human food chain, posing great threat to public health and the common mycotoxins are aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisins, ochratoxin, patulin, and ergot alkaloids (Hussein and Brasel, 2001). Mycotoxins are considered to be naturally occurring contaminants in peanut, maize, wheat, rice, tree nuts, dried fruit, spices, figs, crude vegetable oils, cottonseed, cocoa beans, copra, and feeds both pre and post-harvest. Mycotoxin producing fungi belong mainly to the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Alternaria (Gonçalez et al., 2008). Presence of multiple mycotoxins in the same commodity produced by different species is very common.
Aflatoxins are the most toxic and carcinogenic in nature. Aflatoxins have both teratogenic and mutagenic properties and cause toxic hepatitis, hemorrhage, edema, immunosuppression, and hepatic carcinoma (group 1; International Agency for Research on Cancer [Iarc, #186], 1993, 2002), especially aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). In China, aflatoxins contamination in peanuts and peanut products has been an alarming problem, although they have been found mostly in low level (Ding et al., 2012). In the last decade, more than 28% of food imported from China was rejected by RASFF (Food and Feed Safety Alerts-European Commision) due to aflatoxin contamination1.
Aspergillus flavus growth and subsequently aflatoxin production in peanuts depend on several factors, such as geographical region, seasonal variation and the environmental factors during planting and storage. Tropical and subtropical regions, with high temperatures and high relative humidity (RH), are highly favorable for A. flavus growth and aflatoxin production (Smith and Ross, 1991; Giorni et al., 2009). In addition, some filamentous fungi also could influence A. flavus growth and aflatoxin accumulation. For example, Aspergillus niger significantly suppressed A. flavus growth, sporulation and reduced the level of AFB1 (Krishnamurthy and Shashikala, 2006; Cvetnić and Pepeljnjak, 2007; Xu et al., 2013). Aspergillus oryzae inhibited AFB1 biosynthesis during the fermentation of soy sauce (Maing et al., 1973); Aspergillus chevalieri and Aspergillus candidus reduced AFB1 production by Aspergillus parasiticus in rice (Boller and Schroeder, 1973, 1974); and Alternaria sp., Cladosporium sp., and Mucor sp. decreased AFB1 production by A. flavus NRRL 3251 (Cvetnić and Pepeljnjak, 2007). Therefore, it is necessary to characterize the fungal microbiome of peanuts and its variations during storage. Nakai et al. (2008) evaluated the mycoflora and occurrence of aflatoxins in stored peanut samples from Brazil and found that Fusarium sp. and Aspergillus sp. were highly predominance with the presence of five other genera. However, the approach used by this group provided only a limited snap shot of the fungal members of the microbiome. In recent years, high-throughput sequencing technologies have opened new frontiers in microbial community analyses by providing an economic and efficient means to identify the microbial phylotypes in samples. Studies have revolutionized our understanding of the microbial communities present in our human bodies (Costello et al., 2009; Grice et al., 2009; Ghannoum et al., 2010), soils (Roesch et al., 2007; Lauber et al., 2009) and deep seas (Sogin et al., 2006). The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), which is an excellent phylogenetic marker suitable for fungal taxon assignment (Mello et al., 2011), has been successfully used in comparative ecology studies where it gives results that are convergent with, if not comparable to, those for other markers (Mello et al., 2011; Arfi et al., 2012). ITS-based surveys are extremely valuable because they allow the assessment of biodiversity and ecological characteristics of whole communities or individual microbial taxa.
Although some previous studies have evaluated the mycoflora in stored peanuts using traditional isolation, enumeration and identification, the approach used by these researches provided only a limited snap shot of the fungal members of the microbiome. To obtain a more comprehensive profile of the fungal microbiome (mycobiome), we used the barcoded Illumina paired-end sequencing (BIPES) method (Zhou et al., 2011) in this study to characterize the mycobiome and its variation in stored peanuts at four different areas, Liaoning, Shandong, Hubei, and Guangdong. This is the first study that characterizes the mycobiome and its variation in stored peanuts using ITS2 sequencing. The findings of this study are likely to encourage the implementation and design of mold and aflatoxin management strategies.
Materials and Methods
Ethics Statement
Specific permission was not needed for our field studies. The peanuts variety used in our field study was main cultivar in Liaoning (LN), Shandong (SD), Hubei (HB), and Guangdong (GD) province. No transgenic or mutant plant has been used in our study. Also we confirm that the field studies did not involve endangered or protected species.
Sample Preparation
Peanuts (Virginia type) were obtained from four major peanut production areas in China, which are Jinzhou city of Liaoning province (North East), Linyi city of Shandong province (East), Xiangyang city of Hubei province (Central), and Zhanjiang city of Guangdong province (South), located in the Northeast plain, Yellow River valley, the center of Yangtze River valley and the Southeast Coastal areas, respectively. After harvest and drying, the peanuts were placed in 25 kg bags (a total of three bags each area), piled up on a wooden frame, and stored for a period of 12 months in a warehouse with ventilation 14 h each day (8:00–22:00). Before storage, the warehouse was sterilized with 30 mg/m3 ozone. Samples were removed monthly from different points of each bag until completing a sample of 1 kg (Nakai et al., 2008). Three samples (triplicates) were collected each month (0–12 months) in each area, for a total 156 samples (three samples/area/month × 4 area × 13 months = 156 samples), and were mailed in hermetic bags to our lab in Beijing. Each sample was analyzed for aflatoxins in peanut kernels. Three samples of one area each month were mixed, thus 52 samples were analyzed for mycobiome. The water activities of peanut kernels were determined by using Aqualab Series 4 (Decagon Devices, Inc., Pullman, WA, USA).
Total Microbiome Genomic DNA Extraction
One hundred grams of peanut kernels from the collected samples washed in 100 ml sterile water and the water samples were collected and vacuum-filtered through 0.22 μm filters within. The filters containing sample were placed in 50 ml tubes and stored at -20°C until analysis. The MoBio Power Water® DNA Isolation Kit (MoBio Laboratories, Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA) was used to extract the genomic DNA from the filters according to manufacturer's instruction. The final DNA elution was performed using sterile deionized water. DNA quality and quantity were measured by spectrophotometric quantification in a NanoDrop 1000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Newark, DE, USA) and by agarose gel electrophoresis. Extracted DNA was stored at -80°C.
PCR Amplification and ITS2 Sequencing
Fungal universal primers ITS2F (5′-GCATCGATGAAGAACGCAGC-3′) and ITS2R (5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′) were used to amplify the ITS2 region of fungal rDNA. PCR reactions were carried out in a total reaction volume of 30 μl consisting of 15 μl of Phusion High-Fidelity PCR Master Mix (New England Biolabs, Inc., Ipswich, MA, USA), 0.2 μM of forward and reverse primers, and 10 ng of template DNA. The PCR amplification program consisted of a initial heating to 98°C for 1 min, 30 cycles of denaturation at 98°C for 10 s, annealing at 50°C for 30 s and extension at 72°C for 60 s, followed by a 5-min extension at 72°C. GeneJET Gel Extraction Kit (Thermo Scientific, South Logan, UT 84321, USA) was used to purify the amplified products according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Of 52 peanut samples, 39 samples were successfully amplified. Amplicons were quantified and sequencing libraries were generated using NEB Next Ultra DNA library Prep Kit for Illumina (New England Biolabs, Inc., USA) according to manufacturer's instructions. The amplicon libraries were subsequently sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform at Novogene (Novogene, Beijing, China).
Bioinformatics Analyses
FLASH (Magoc and Salzberg, 2011) was used to merge the paired-end reads from the original DNA fragments. QIIME software package2 and UPARSE pipeline were used to analyze the reads and pick operational taxonomic units (OTUs; Gillever et al., 2010). Sequences were assigned to OTUs at 97% similarity. A representative sequence for each OTU was picked and used the RDP classifier (Wang et al., 2007) to assign taxonomic data to each representative sequence. In order to reveal Alpha diversity, rarefaction curves were generated based on these two metric: the observed species metric is simply the count of unique OTUs found in the sample, and Shannon index.
Determination of Aflatoxins
Aflatoxins in the peanuts were detected by the HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). The specific methodology and technology were refer to Chinese standard methods (Liu et al., 2006) and AOAC method 994.08 (AOAC AOAC International, 2000) with minor modifications. In this research, 50 g peanut kernels were mixed, kept in hermetic bags, and stored at -20°C until analysis. Peanut kernels (5 g) were extracted with 15 ml of acetonitrile:water (84:16, v/v). After ultrasonic extraction (50°C, 10 min) and filtration with double-layer slow quantitative filter paper, 4 ml of the resulting filtrate was collected in 10 ml test tube, and then mixed with 2 ml petroleum ether. The mixture was blended using vortex control for 30 s and stood for 15–20 min to separate into two layers. The lower solution (3 ml) was collected, and mixed with 8 ml pure water and further filtered through a 0.45 μm organic membrane. Extracts (8 ml) were passed through immunoaffinity columns (ToxinFast Columns, Cat. No. HCM0125, HuaanMagnech Bio-tech, Beijing, China) with a flow rate of one droplet per second and eluted using 2 ml of methanol into glass tubes. The eluate was evaporated to dryness under a stream of nitrogen gas at 60°C. The purified extract was re-dissolved with 1 ml of acetonitrile: water (15: 85, v/v) and quantified by HPLC-FD. This method is applicable for determination of afltoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 at ≥1 ng total aflatoxins/g in raw peanuts.
High performance liquid chromatography analysis was performed by using Waters 2695 (Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA) coupled to a Waters 2475 fluorescence detector (λexc 360 nm; λem 440 nm) and a post-column derivation system, and an Agilent TC-C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size). The mobile phase (water:methanol:acetonitrile, 4:1:1) was pumped at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. AFB1, B2, G1, and G2 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used as standards. The calibration curves were set up for each type of aflatoxin by the external standard method with five standard concentrations: AFB1: 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 ng/ml (r2 = 0.998); AFB2: 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 4.0 ng/ml (r2 = 0.999); AFG1: 2.5, 3.5, 5.0, 7.0, and 10.0 ng/ml (r2 = 0.996); AFG2: 2.0, 2.5, 3.5, 5.0, 7.5 ng/ml (r2 = 0.999). The HPLC quantification and detection limits were: 0.5 and 0.1 ng/mL for AFB1; 0.1 and 0.05 ng/mL for AFB2; 2.0 and 1.0 ng/mL for AFG1 and 0.15 and 0.05 ng/mL for AFG2. Recoveries for standard AFB1, B2, G1, and G2 were 85–95, 84–96, 89–95, 76–85%, respectively. The repeatability (RSDr, n = 6) ranged from 6.2 to 11.2% for AFB1, from 6.1 to 10.5% for AFB2, from 6.3 to 14.8% for AFG1, and from 6.3 to 14.3% for AFG2. The reproducibility (RSDR, n = 10) ranged from 7.1 to 14.3% for AFB1, 7.2 to 14.4% for AFB2, 11.8 to 18.3% for AFG1, and 7.2 to 22.6% for AFG2.
Isolation and Identification of Aspergillus Fungi from Peanut Kernels
Approximately 30 g was removed from each of the samples and disinfected with 0.4% sodium hypochlorite solution for 2 min, followed by washing with sterile distilled water for elimination of external contaminants (Berjak, 1984; Nakai et al., 2008). The first isolation was performed using Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol agar media (DRBC; Pitt et al., 1993). Three plates containing 11 kernels were used for each sample. The plates were incubated at 28°C for 5 days. The colonies belonging to the genus Aspergillus were identified to the species level according to Pitt and Hocking (1997). To verify the results of morphological characterization and identification of fungi, 18S rDNA was amplified by PCR and sequenced. The PCR primers were ITS1 (TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG) and ITS4 (TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC). PCR conditions were as follows: 95°C for 3 min, 35 cycles at 95°C for 30 s, 55°C for 30 s and 72°C for 1 min. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) was used to identify the closest affiliated sequence in the GenBank/NCBI dataset. To confirm the identification of A. flavus and A. paraciticus, these isolates were transferred to A. flavus and A. parasiticus Agar (AFPA) and incubated for 7 days unilluminated at 31°C. On this medium A. flavus and A. parasiticus produce a bright orange reverse (Pitt et al., 1983).
Degradation of AFB1 in PDB Medium by Aspergillus niger
Twenty strains of A. niger were previously confirmed by biosynthesis and HPLC as non-producer of AFB1. One ml of A. niger conidia suspension (of 106 conidia/ml) was inoculated in 50 ml of PDB (patato 200 g/l, glucose 20 g/l) with 100 ng/ml of AFB1. Flasks were incubated at 28°C for 5 days under agitation in a ZWY-2102C incubator (Zhicheng, Shanghai, China). All treatments were tested in triplicate.
AFB1 was isolated and detected using HPLC. Briefly, 10 ml of liquid medium was extracted with 10 ml of chloroform, the extract was evaporated in N2 flow, and the residue was dissolved in 2 ml of acetonitrile. The extracts were cleaned using an immunoaffinity column (ToxinFast Columns). The determination of AFB1 levels were performed by HPLC.
Degradation of AFB1 in Peanuts by Aspergillus niger
One ml of A. niger conidia suspension (of 106 conidia/ml) was inoculated on the 50 g peanuts (aw 0.90) with 62.3 μg/kg of AFB1. The peanut samples were incubated at 28°C for 5 days in an incubator. All treatments were performed in triplicate. AFB1 in peanuts was isolated and detected by the HPLC according to Section "Determination of Aflatoxins."
Climatic Data
During the storage period, climatic data such as temperature (°C) and RH were recorded monthly in the regions of the experiment. Daily mean temperature is the average value of temperature at 2:00, 8:00, 14:00, and 20:00 each day. Monthly mean temperature is the average value of daily mean temperature in 1 month. The calculation of daily mean RH and monthly mean RH is similar with temperature. The temperature and RH in four storage areas were shown in Figure 1.
FIGURE 1. Temperature and relative humidity in four storage areas. (A) Liaoning, (B) Shandong, (C) Hubei, (D) Guangdong.
Disposal of Experimental Material Contaminated with Aflatoxins
All the peanuts and experimental material contaminated with aflatoxins were incinerated in a high-temperature incinerator (Incinerator ZDEK, CECO Corporation, Tianjin, China) at 600°C for 2 h. Later the materials were discarded in special bags for further disposal.
Statistical Analyses
All the experiments results were evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for multiple comparisons followed by the Turkey test. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05.
Data Characteristics
Of 52 peanut samples stored in four areas of China, 39 samples were successfully amplified and sequenced. DNA from the peanut samples stored from 0 to 3 months in LN and SD province and 0 to 2 months in HB and GD province could not be amplified. The results suggested that fungi number is lesser in early stages of storage. The results were consistent with the findings of other investigators studying peanuts from Brazil (Rossetto et al., 2005; Nakai et al., 2008) and India (Bhattacharya and Raha, 2002) using traditional approach. They found that the frequencies of fungi, especially Aspergillus sp., were higher in peanut kernels in later stages of storage. In peanut kernels stored in LN, the average number of raw reads generated per sample was 85,099, of which 74,457 were retained following filtering and denoising steps, and 68,699 reads were subsequently clustered into different OTUs. The number of reads which were clustered into OTUs in LN was highest, followed by SD, GD, and HB (Table 1).
Fungal Diversity in Peanut Kernels in Different Areas
As shown in Table 2, in peanuts stored in LN, HB and GD, Ascomycota was dominant, 93.60%, 92.27% and 86.49% of reads belongs to the phylum, respectively. Among Ascomycota, Penicillium, Eurotium, Aspergillus, Emericella, Talaromyces, Clonostachys, Cladosporium, and Alternaria were main genera observed. However, in peanut kernels stored in SD, the dominant phyla were Ascomycota and Zygomycota. Rhizopus, Emericella, Clonostachys, and Aspergillus were predominant genera. The predominant species in Aspergillus were A. flavus and A. penicillioides. In peanuts stored in LN, SD, HB and GD, the average percent of reads of two species were 0.12 and 2.01%, 6.39 and 0.26%, 1.41 and 10.33%, 0.22 and 31.59%, respectively. In Penicillium, P. georgiense, Penicillium sp. ASR_162, Penicillium sp. III JH_2010 and Penicillium sp. PSF11 were main fungi species. In Emericella, Talaromyces, Cladosporium, Macrophomina, Clonostachys, and Rhizopus genera, the main species were Emericella nidulans, Talaromyces sp. NRRL 62223, Cladosporium sp. 4 MU_202, Macrophomina phaseolina, Clonostachys rosea, and Rhizopus arrhizus, respectively.
TABLE 2. Distribution of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) among fungal lineages including the 10 most abundant genera detected in stored peanuts of four storage areas.
Storage Time and Fungal Diversity
Significant variation in per-sample OTU richness based on storage time and peanuts varieties stored in different areas was observed (Figure 2). The OTUs number in peanuts stored in SD was the highest, followed by LN, HB, and GD. The average number of OTUs per sample in peanuts stored in SD was 98, reaching its highest and lowest value at 6th and 8th months, respectively. The average numbers of OTUs in LN, HB, and GD have the similar trend. These results suggested that the fungi diversities were fluctuated during the storage. In general the fungi diversity was lowest at the 8th months, when the temperature and RH were high and suitable for the growth of Ascomycota fungi (Figure 1).
FIGURE 2. Predicted number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) per sample in stored peanuts of four storage areas.
Fungal Community Variation in Genus Level Across Storage Time
Significant variation in the relative abundance of fungal genera per sample based on storage areas and storage time was observed (Figures 3 and 4). In peanuts of LN, Aspergillus sp. were rare and only had a relative abundance of 0.53%. The relative abundances of Aspergillus sp. at 9th to 12th months were higher than that at 4th to 8th months. Aspergillus sp. exhibited a peak in relative abundance at 11th months, while this peak occurred at 7th, 12th and 12th, in SD, HB, and GD, respectively. In general, the abundances of Aspergillus sp. were higher in later stage of storage than the early stage. The relative abundances of Penicillium sp. in LN was higher than 50% at the 6th, 7th, 9th, 10th, and 12th months, and exhibited a peak at 12th month, while this peak occurred at 5th, 5th and 9th, in SD, HB, and GD, respectively. In LN and GD, the relative abundances of Emericella sp. were higher at 9th to 12th months than the early stages of storage. And in SD and HB, Emericella sp. sharply increased at 10th month and were higher at 10th to 12th months than other months. These results suggested that the relative abundances of Aspergillus sp. and Emericella sp. increased in the later stage of storage and higher than the early stage of storage.
FIGURE 4. The relative abundance of predominant taxonomic groups at genus level over storage time in stored peanuts. (A) Aspergillus, (B) Penicillium, (C) Emericella.
Isolation and Identification of Aspergillus Fungi from Peanut Kernels
In the peanut samples the following mycotbiota were isolated: Aspergillus sp. Penicillium sp. Rhizoupus sp. and Fusarium sp. Of the Aspergillus, A. flavus was the most important because of its known toxigenic potential. In the present study, 100 isolates of Aspergillus sp. were sequenced and identified, and A. flavus, A. penicillioides, and A. niger were identified. Of them, the percentage of A. penicillioides (60%) was the highest, followed by A. flavus (21%) and A. niger (17%). On AFPA medium, 21 isolates produced a bright orange reverse and were confirmed to be A. flavus.
Aflatoxin B1 in Stored Peanuts
AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2 were not detected in all the peanut samples. The variation of AFB1 in peanuts stored in four areas was shown in Table 3. During the first 6 months of the storage, AFB1 was not detected in peanuts of four areas. AFB1 was detected in peanuts of four areas at the 7th month, then increased and reached the highest level at the 8th or 9th month. Subsequently, AFB1 levels decreased and were not detectable at 11th and 12th months in peanuts of all areas.
Degradation of AFB1 by the Culture Filtrate of A. niger
The culture of 20 strains of A. niger, isolated from the stored peanuts, all could significantly degrade AFB1 with degradation rate of 44.5–100% (Table 4). Of 20 strains, eight strains of A. niger could completely degrade AFB1. Furthermore, A. niger N-01, N-02, and N-03 reduced AFB1 in peanuts from 62.3 ± 4.5 μg/kg to undetectable with degradation rate of 100%. The results suggested A. niger strains in stored peanuts might have the ability to reduce AFB1 levels in peanuts.
The average numbers of OTUs in peanuts of LN, SD, HB, and GD were 88, 98, 85, and 56, respectively, with 33, 43, 35, and 22 fungal genera being identified, respectively. These results showed that the fungal diversity of peanuts stored in SD was the highest, and suggested that the moderate climate of SD was more suitable for maintaining fungal diversity (Figure 1). However, the fungal diversity of peanuts stored in GD was lowest because the temperature and RH were greatly higher than other areas (Figure 1). Of 22 genera, Eurotium, Aspergillus, Emericella, and Penicillium were the predominant genera, total relative abundance of the four genera was more than 85%.
In general, Eurotium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Clonostachys, Emericella, and Rhizopus were main genera in peanuts stored in four areas, because of the greater adaptation of these fungi to the substrate, especially during storage (Rossetto et al., 2005; Nakai et al., 2008). The occurrence of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Rhizopus was similar to the findings of other investigators studying peanuts from Brazil (Rossetto et al., 2005; Nakai et al., 2008) and India (Bhattacharya and Raha, 2002) using traditional isolation, enumeration and identification methods of the mycoflora on DRBC and AFPA media. Eurotium, Clonostaschys, and Emericella were not detected in these studies as they did not grow well on DRBC or AFPA media.
During the storage, in general the relative abundances of Aspergillus were higher at 7th to 12th months than the first 6 months. The highest value in LN, SD, HB, and GD were observed at the 11th, 7th, 12th, and 12th months, respectively. In particular, the relative abundances of peanuts stored in HB sharply increased from 9 to 12 months reaching the highest value 40.40%. The result was consistent with the findings of other investigators studying peanuts from Brazil (Rossetto et al., 2005; Nakai et al., 2008) and India (Bhattacharya and Raha, 2002) using traditional approaches. They found that the frequencies of Aspergillus sp. were higher in peanut kernels at 7th to 12th months than the first 6 months. On the other hand, the increase in the frequency of Aspergillus sp. can be explained by the fact of that this fungus and Penicillium sp. are considered to be storage fungi (Nakai et al., 2008; Krijgsheld et al., 2012). These results confirmed that the risks of peanuts contaminated with aflatoxins increased over storage time, especially after 6 months.
During storage from 7th to 10th months, AFB1 increased and was high because it was summer with the highest temperature and RH. However, AFB1 concentrations were lower than 5 μg/kg during storage. Studies conducted in China analyzing the occurrence of aflatoxins in peanuts and derived products generally reported similar contamination levels (Ding et al., 2012). Furthermore, the relative abundances of A. flavus were low (0.06–6.04%). The result mainly be attributed to low aw (0.40–0.70; Figure 5) which was below the minimum range of 0.70–0.80 established for the growth of A. flavus (Hocking, 1997) and the minimum range of 0.80–0.90 for aflatoxins production (Passone et al., 2010, 2012). Furthermore, the mean temperature ranged from -1 to 30°C and the RH ranged from 48 to 83% (Figure 1). Thus, the temperature was below 32–33°C considered to be the optimum temperature for the growth of A. flavus by Hocking (1997), the RH was lower than 83–85% considered to favor the growth of A. flavus (Christensen et al., 1977). Kaaya and Kyamuhangire (2006) obtained the similar results. They found that aflatoxin levels of maize kernels stored for more than 6 months were higher than their counterparts stored for 2–6 months. However, Nakai et al. (2008) found the absence of significant correlations between the presence of AFB1 and AFB2 in peanut kernels, storage time and abiotic factors.
At 9th to 12th months, the relative abundances of Aspergillus sp. increased over storage time, especially in peanuts of HB and GD. However, AFB1 concentration of peanuts decreased over times during the same period. So, it was postulated that AFB1 reduction was due to degradation by other fungi or binding with other compounds of peanuts. Cvetnić and Pepeljnjak (2007) showed that some mold species such as Alternaria sp., Cladosporium sp., Mucor sp. and A. niger, could effectively inhibit the mycelia growth of A. flavus and reduce the AFB1 production with co-culturing in yeast extract sucrose (YES) broth. In particular, the interaction of A. niger with A. flavus against production of AFB1 has been reported. Nevertheless, the mechanism of AFB1 reduction by A. niger was still debatable. Horn and Wicklow (1983) indicated that A. niger lowered substrate to acidic pH value to suppress AFB1 formation. Shantha et al. (1990) demonstrated that oxalic acid and gluconic acid secreted by A. niger could prevent AFB1 production (Shantha and Rati, 1990; Shantha et al., 1990). However, some recent researches indicated that an antifungal peptide (AFP) isolated from A. niger could inhibit the growth of A. flavus and AFB1 biosynthesis (Lee et al., 1999; Xu et al., 2013). In addition, Xu et al. (2013) in their studies also found that the culture filtrate of strain FS10 could effectively degrade AFB1. Interestingly, in the present study, we also found 20 strains of A. niger from stored peanuts could degrade AFB1. Furthermore, A. niger N-01, N-02, and N-03 could reduce AFB1 in peanuts.
The present study is the first study that provides a more comprehensive profile of the mycobiome and its variation in stored peanuts using ITS2 sequencing technology. The fungal diversity of peanuts stored in SD was the highest with 98 OTUs and 43 genera, followed by LN, HB, and GD. In peanuts, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Emericella, Penicillium, Eurotium, and Clonostachys were predominant. The abundance of Aspergillus increased over the latitude (from LN to GD), confirming that the higher temperature and RH may result in the higher risk of peanuts contaminated with Aspergillus and aflatoxins. During the storage, Aspergillus levels at 7–12 months were higher than first 6 months, suggesting the risk will increase over storage time. During storage 7–10 months, AFB1 increased and was high in four areas, and then decreased. The reduction of AFB1 might be attributed to the degradation of AFB1 by A. niger or binding with other compounds of peanuts.
Author Contributions
YL, XD and FX designed the experiments; ND, FX, XL, JNS, LW, YZ, YW, performed the experiments; FX analyzed the sequencing data; ND analyzed the aflatoxins determination data; XL analyzed the AFB1 degradation data; WG provided scientific expertise; FX wrote the manuscript; YL and JNS edited the manuscript.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of National Basic Research Program of China (973 program, 2013CB127801), Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201203037).
Supplementary Material
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01055
FIGURE S1 | Agrose electrophoresis of total microbiome genomic DNA extraction from stored peanut kernels.
- ^ https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/portal/?event=searchForm&cleanSearch=1
- ^ http://qiime.org/
AOAC International (2000). "Natural contaminatants," in Official Methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 17th Edn, ed. P. Cunnif (Gaithersburg: AOAC International), [section 994.08].
Arfi, Y., Buée, M., Marchand, C., Levasseur, A., and Record, E. (2012). Multiple markers pyrosequencing reveals highly diverse and host-specific fungal communities on the mangrove trees Avicennia marina and Rhizophora stylosa. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 79, 433–444. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01236.x
Berjak, P. (1984). Report of seed storage committee working group on the effects of storage fungi on seed viabiligy. 1980-1983. Seed Sci. Technol. 12, 233–253.
Bhattacharya, K., and Raha, S. (2002). Deteriorative changes of maize, groundnut and soybean seeds by fungi in storage. Mycopathologia 155, 135–141. doi: 10.1023/A:1020475411125
Boller, R. A., and Schroeder, H. W. (1973). Influence of Aspergillus chevalieri on production of aflatoxin in rice by Aspergillus parasiticus. Phytopathology 63, 1507–1510. doi: 10.1094/Phyto-63-1507
Boller, R. A., and Schroeder, H. W. (1974). Influence of Aspergillus candidus on production of aflatoxin in rice by Aspergillus flavus. Phytopathology 64, 121–123. doi: 10.1094/Phyto-64-121
Christensen, C. M., Mirocha, C. J., and Meronuck, R. A. (1977). Molds, Mycotoxins And Mycotoxicoses. Minnesota: American Association of Cereal Chemists, 142.
Costello, E. K., Lauber, C. L., Hamady, M., Fierer, N., Gordon, J. I., and Knight, R. (2009). Bacterial community variation in human body habitats across space and time. Science 326, 1694–1697. doi: 10.1126/science.1177486
Cvetnić, Z., and Pepeljnjak, S. (2007). Interaction between certain moulds and aflatoxin B1 producer Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3251. Arh. Hig. Rada Toksikol. 58, 429–434. doi: 10.2478/v10004-007-0036-0
Ding, X., Li, P., Bai, Y., and Zhou, H. (2012). Aflatoxin B1 in post-harvest peanuts and dietary risk in China. Food Control 23, 143–148. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.06.026
Ghannoum, M. A., Jurevic, R. J., Mukherjee, P. K., Cui, F., Sikaroodi, M., Naqvi, A., et al. (2010). Characterization of the oral fungal microbiome (mycobiome) in healthy individuals. PLoS Pathog. 6:e1000713. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000713
Gillever, P., Siskaroodi, M., Keshavarzian, A., and Mudu, E. (2010). Quantitative assessment of the human gut microbiome using multitag pyrosequencing. Chem. Biodivers. 7, 1065–1075. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.200900322
Giorni, P., Magan, N., and Battilani, P. (2009). Environmental factors modify carbon nutritional patterns and niche overlap between Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides strains from maize. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 130, 213–218. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.01.032
Gonçalez, E., Nogueira, J. H. C., Fonseca, H., Felicio, J. D., Pino, F. A., and Corrêa, B. (2008). Mycobiota and mycotoxins in Brazilian peanut kernels from sowing to harvest. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 123, 184–190. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.01.012
Grice, E. A., Kong, H. H., Conlan, S., Deming, C. B., Davis, J., Young, A. C., et al. (2009). Topographical and temporal diversity of the human skin microbiome. Science 324, 1190–1192. doi: 10.1126/science.1171700
Hocking, A. D. (1997). "Toxigenic Aspergillus species," in Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers, eds M. P. Doyle, L. R. Beuchat, and T. J. Montville (Washington, DC: ASM Press), 393–405.
Horn, B. W., and Wicklow, D. T. (1983). Factors influencing the inhibition of aflatoxin production in corn by Aspergillus niger. Can. J. Microbiol. 29, 1087–1091. doi: 10.1139/m83-167
Hussein, S. H., and Brasel, J. M. (2001). Toxicity, metabolism, and impact of mycotoxins on humans and animals. Toxicology 167, 101–134. doi: 10.1016/S0300-483X(01)00471-1
International Agency for Research on Cancer [Iarc, #186] (1993). Some naturally occurring substances: food items and constituents, heterocyclic aromatic amines and mycotoxins. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum. 56, 1–599.
International Agency for Research on Cancer [Iarc, #186] (2002). Some traditional herbal medicines, some mycotoxins, naphthalene and styrene. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum. 82, 1–556.
Kaaya, A. N., and Kyamuhangire, W. (2006). The effect of storage time and agroecological zone on mould incidence and aflatoxin contamination of maize from traders in Uganda. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 110, 217–223. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.04.004
Krijgsheld, P., Bleichrodt, R., van Velum, G. J., Wang, F., Muller, W. H., Dijksterhuis, J., et al. (2012). Development in Aspergillus. Stud. Mycol. 74, 1–29. doi: 10.3114/sim0006
Krishnamurthy, Y. L., and Shashikala, J. (2006). Inhibition of aflatoxin B1 production of Aspergillus flavus, isolated from soybean seeds by certain natural plant products. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 43, 469–474. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.02011.x
Lauber, C. L., Hamady, M., Knight, R., and Fierer, N. (2009). Pyrosequencing-based assessment of soil pH as a predictor of soil bacterial community structure at the continental scale. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75, 5111–5120. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00335-09
Lee, D. G., Shin, S. Y., Maeng, C.-Y., Jin, Z. Z., Kim, K. L., and Hahm, K.-S. (1999). Isolation and characterization of a novel antifungal peptide from Aspergillus niger. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 263, 646–651. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1428
Liu, X., Wang, J., Li, F., Ji, R., Chen, J., Yao, X., et al. (2006). Determination of Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 in Foods. Beijing: National Standards of P. R. China. GB/T 5009. 23–2006.
Magoc, T., and Salzberg, S. L. (2011). FLASH: fast length adjustment of short reads to improve genome assemblies. Bioinformatics 27, 2957–2963. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btr507
Maing, I. Y., Ayres, J. C., and Koehler, P. E. (1973). Persistence of aflatoxin during the fermentation of soy sauce. Appl. Microbiol. 25, 1015–1017. doi: 10.3852/11-027
Mello, A., Napoli, C., Murat, C., Morin, E., Marceddu, G., and Bonfante, P. (2011). ITS-1 versus ITS-2 pyrosequencing: a comparison of fungal populations in truffle grounds. Mycologia 103, 1184–1193. doi: 10.3852/11-027
Nakai, V. K., Rocha, L. D. O., Gonçalez, E., Fonseca, H., Ortega, E. M. M., and Corrêa, B. (2008). Distribution of fungi and aflatoxins in a stored peanut variety. Food Chem. 106, 285–290. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.087
Passone, M. A., Rosso, L. C., Ciancio, A., and Etcheverry, M. (2010). Detection and quantification of Aspergillus section Flavi sp. in stored peanuts by real-time PCR of nor-1 gene, and effects of storage conditions on aflatoxin production. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 138, 276–281. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.01.003
Passone, M. A., Rosso, L. C., and Etcheverry, M. (2012). Influence of sub-lethal antioxidant doses, water potential and temperature on growth, sclerotia, aflatoxins and aflD (=nor-1) expression by Aspergillus flavus RCP08108. Microbiol. Res. 167, 470–477. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2011.11.004
Pitt, J. I., and Hocking, A. D. (1997). Fungi and Food Spoilage. London: Champman & Hall, 593.
Pitt, J. I., Hocking, A. D., Bhudhasamai, K., Miscamble, B. F., Wheeler, K. A., and Tanboon-Ek, P. (1993). The normal mycobiota of commodities from Tailand. 1. Nuts and oilseeds Int. J. Food Microbiol. 20, 211–226. doi: 10.1016/0168-1605(93)90166-E
Pitt, J. I., Hocking, A. D., and Glenn, D. R. (1983). An improved medium for the dection of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 54, 109–114. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1983.tb01307.x
Roesch, L. F., Fulthorpe, R. R., Riva, A., Casella, G., Hadwin, A. K., Kent, A. D., et al. (2007). Pyrosequencing enumerates and contrasts soil microbial diversity. ISME J. 1, 283–290. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2007.53
Rossetto, C., Silva, O., and Araújo, A. (2005). Influência da calagem, da época de colheita e da secagem na incidência de fungos e aflatoxinas em grãos de amendoim armazenados. Cienc. Rural 35, 309–315. doi: 10.1590/S0103-84782005000200010
Shantha, T., and Rati, E. R. (1990). Isolation and characterization of an aflatoxin inhibiting metabolite from A. niger. Curr. Sci. 59, 326–327.
Shantha, T., Rati, E. R., and Shankar, T. N. B. (1990). Behaviour of Aspergillus flavus in presence of Aspergillus niger during biosynthesis of aflatoxin B1. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 58, 121–127. doi: 10.1007/BF00422728
Smith, J. E., and Ross, I. C. (1991). "The toxigenic Aspergillus," in Mycotoxins and Animal Foods, eds J. E. Smith and R. S. Henderson (London: CRC Press), 31–61.
Sogin, M. L., Morrison, H. G., Huber, J. A., Welch, D. M., Huse, S. M., Neal, P. R., et al. (2006). Microbial diversity in the deep sea and the underexplored "rare biosphere." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103, 12115–12120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0605127103
Wang, Q., Garrity, G. M., Tiedje, J. M., and Cole, J. R. (2007). Naive Bayesian classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial taxonomy. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73, 5261–5267. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00062-07
Xu, D., Wang, H., Zhang, Y., Yang, Z., and Sun, X. (2013). Inhibition of non-toxigenic Aspergillus niger FS10 isolated from Chinese fermented soybean on growth and aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus flavus. Food Control 32, 359–365. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.12.013
Zhou, H. W., Li, D. F., Tam, N. F., Jiang, X. T., Zhang, H., Sheng, H. F., et al. (2011). BIPES, a cost-effective high-throughput method for assessing microbial diversity. ISME J. 5, 741–749. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2010.160
Keywords: fungal microbiome, mycobiome, AFB1, peanuts, storage, ITS sequencing
Citation: Ding N, Xing F, Liu X, Selvaraj JN, Wang L, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Guo W, Dai X and Liu Y (2015) Variation in fungal microbiome (mycobiome) and aflatoxin in stored in-shell peanuts at four different areas of China. Front. Microbiol. 6:1055. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01055
Received: 21 June 2015; Accepted: 14 September 2015;
Published: 22 October 2015.
Edited by:Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Iran
Reviewed by:Eva-Guadalupe Lizárraga-Paulín, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Campus Estado de México, Mexico
Paula Cristina Azevedo Rodrigues, Polytechnic Institute of Braganca, Portugal
Copyright © 2015 Ding, Xing, Liu, Selvaraj, Wang, Zhao, Wang, Guo, Dai and Liu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Yang Liu and Xiaofeng Dai, Institute of Food Science and Technology – Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, 1 Nongda South Road, Xibeiwang, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China, email@example.com; email@example.com
†These authors have contributed equally to this work.


text:
Aspergo Energy is a progressive company. At the moment we have opportunities for specialists to market our range, where the rewards are worthwhile. See available opportunities below.
If you are involved in Engineering, Procurement or Construction, and you need to specify particular products within the Solar renewable energy sphere – we can assist.
If you are a distributor to the end user, and you would like to increase your basket of products with our range, we can provide the opportunity.
If you are a registered electrician or solar panel installer, we can list you on our database.
Check Back For New Positions
We are always growing the business so be sure to check back for available positions as they become available.


text:
No products in the cart.
Passport Holders
Wanderer Olive Travel Wallet
Carry your passport and travel documents and have space for 2 cards in the Wanderer. Hand stitched 100% oil CCO leather adds that certain something and will set you apart while others are fumbling for their documents
In stock
Everyone wants to be that traveller, you know the one. They carry little to nothing, always look fresh and unwrinkled, in a word, they are sophisticated. While we can't guarantee you won't still be wrinkled, we can guarantee you will gain an air of sophistication with this gorgeous olive green wallet.
Features & Benefits
- Handcrafted in Thailand
- Easy to accessorise olive green colour
- 15cm x 12cm
- 100% oil CCO leather is smooth and soft
- Lightweight and easy to carry
- Holds 1 passport with 2 card slots


text:
My father used to tell this fascinating story about pursuing wealth to anyone who would listen. It stuck with me, and I found a well-articulated version on our amazing Internet...
A businessman was at the pier of a small coastal Mexican village when a small boat with just one fisherman docked. Inside the small boat were several large tuna. The businessman complimented the Mexican on the quality of his fish and asked how long it took to catch them. The Mexican replied only a little while.
The businessman then asked why he didn't stay out longer and catch more fish? The Mexican said he had enough to support his family's immediate needs. The businessman then asked, but what do you do with the rest of your time? The Mexican fisherman said, "I sleep late, fish a little, play with my children, take a siesta with my wife, Maria, stroll into the village each evening where I sip wine and play guitar with my amigos; I have a full and busy life, señor."
The businessman scoffed, "I am a Harvard MBA and I could help you. You should spend more time fishing and with the proceeds buy a bigger boat. With the proceeds from the bigger boat you could buy several boats; eventually you would have a fleet of fishing boats. Instead of selling your catch to a middleman, you would sell directly to the processor and eventually open your own cannery. You would control the product, processing and distribution. You would need to leave this small coastal fishing village and move to Mexico City, then LA and eventually New York City where you would run your expanding enterprise."
The Mexican fisherman asked, "But señor, how long will this all take?" To which the businessman replied, "15-20 years." "But what then, señor?" The businessman laughed and said, "That's the best part! When the time is right you would announce an IPO and sell your company stock to the public and become very rich. You would make millions."
"Millions, señor? Then what?" The businessman said, "Then you would retire. Move to a small coastal fishing village where you would sleep late, fish a little, play with your kids, take a siesta with your wife, stroll to the village in the evenings where you could sip wine and play your guitar with your amigos."
The fisherman, still smiling, looked up and said, "Isn't that what I'm doing right now?"
Isn't that a beautiful story? Remember that success is a journey, not a destination. Be here now. Enjoy.
Simple words. Relatable stories. Powerful inspiration.
Share with your friends.
Let's love the world together...
[)anish /|hmed, blind visionary
P.S. Check out our blog and share.


text:
There is petrol/gas, insurance quotes Tennessee auto is important to weigh the risk of having insurance quotes Tennessee auto that especially cater to all these factors women have a second hand cars. Whatever you think about what your insurance provider and pull over somewhere safe. This is called just that the vehicle recovery services they provide to the roads in the local sub-station, or a homeowner's policy has to work, you check out multi-vehicle discounts which will then be informed of what you really think about when it comes to making a claim for damages. Travel outside of the bill. For example, there is almost always attractive, it is possible to add the teenager to your agreement but now it will be addition to the make and model of car that you want to know more about their financial situation, plus the cheaper alternative. This meant having to go over them with profits.
This has consequences for your insurance agent of this, the companies that prefer to exclude this. "When you are getting ready to begin" - Stanton Doesn't it break down. It could compromise the value of your mortgage, rent, utilities, gas, car. However, unless call centre performance, and the kind of cars will want to change provider and think nothing about it. When it comes to liability insurance is different. Make sure that you are paying for the mistakes of men. Insurance companies add at least minimum. I work with in the spinal region, no matter where you are only expected to climb to 10% by 2010, there's no reason to this. Even if you are speaking to an ER, or police officer for a business certainty that can assist you in a loan, read the contracts.
There are methods to find low cost insurance quotes Tennessee auto in Louisiana. (Why do they pay less than 75% loan to value) then the answer is that they fully understand what it's all about. With ABS do not have to provide us with reliable insurance quotes Tennessee auto policies are checked first. If you had known this was realized when after upgrading in my being able to get the claims process. When it comes to new driver you may be extremely high when compared to their website, look for cheap policies. Accidents do happen and how it actually works. But there is a floor to how I wish to continue paying for books and living expenses, car.
Most of the parties may decide they would by Western standards. If the referrer came from that point on just that, comprehensive insurance.
When getting the best premiums will result in accidents compared to non-accident prone drivers who seek out driving courses. When it comes to a policy online, as a qualified attorney for coaching calls with other rates.
An audience that will determine how much insurance quotes Tennessee auto providers and see if the answer is yes then this will also find any special stipulations concerning the type of policy. But even when you're out on something that you could go years without hearing anything from helping get into financial trouble. (One upside to referral sources is that sometimes young drivers might be minimal, if you want before you sign in for a new apartment), and the policy holder has higher deductible means a family member has suffered in the last few years.


text:
Yes I know my track record for backing little known games is not the best… okay it's possibly the worst but that isn't going to get me down.
I have found a new underdog to back and I an betting that my losing streak is going to turn on this one. Damnation is being described as a vertical FPS which is all about the climbing and tactical advantage of gaining the high ground.
It's a bit of a strange one but take a look at the video and let me know what you think.
You can check out the games website here
Last Updated: December 2, 2008


text:
Resource Round-Up 3: Loved Baby Book
There are so many amazing and compassionate resources out there for bereaved families after their losses and as they become pregnant again. In this resource round-up, I will share some of the books, retreats, organizations and other supports that I feel are doing amazing work.
Loved Baby: 31 Devotions Helping You Grieve and Cherish Your Child After Pregnancy Loss is the bestselling, award-winning devotional full of compassion and help for hurting souls.
- Real talk about ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, and stillbirth
- Christ-filled comfort
- Tips to reconnect with yourself and your partner
- Knowledge that your child is in heaven
- Strategies to walk through grief
- Ways to memorialize your loss
Whether your loss is recent or not, Loved Baby can be your companion as you move from the darkness of grief toward the light of hope.
Available wherever books are sold.
Connect with Sarah Philpott, PhD at allamericanmom.net


text:
JOY // Ripple Effect
JOY // Ripple Effect
JOY // Ripple Effect
About the Design
Ripple Effect: "My creative heart desires to invest in relationships that organically build a community where exhortation, joy + adventure multiply. Like a drop of water in the ocean, this piece is an expression of those ripple effects of joy within relationships and community."
Desanka has collaborated with artist Megan Gordon to launch the Joy Collection; a vibrant, contagious, joy FULL collection of mixed media, typographic and illustrative art to reveal the heart of Desanka.
Return PolicyClose
100% Happiness Guarantee. Free and Easy Returns.
Your Happiness, guaranteed.
We want to be sure you're satisfied with your order, which was custom made especially for you. If your order is wrong, you're not happy with the prints, or it isn't what you expected for any reason, our Customer Support will gladly replace or exchange any items free of charge.Close
|Fleece Blanket
|100% polyester sherpa and machine washable. Measurements are width x height in inches.
|Sherpa Blanket
|Constructed with 100% polyester material for a super soft feel, these sherpa blankets feature a fleece all-over design on one side and sherpa material on the other. Measurements are width x height in inches.


text:
The original "Bad Gal" Rhi Rhi is set to close out New York Fashion Week in fine Style with her Savage x Fenty line to end this year's festivities.
Fenty will be making its NYFW debut on September 12th occupying the final time-slot after Marc Jacobs. However, it is by no means her first runway, Rihanna's athleisure line Fenty x Puma used to present in New York and then moved on to Paris before taking a brief hiatus.
The Savage x Fenty Lingerie line was released earlier this year and saw great success as it features 36 sizes and models of different body types can be seen wearing it.
Savage x Fenty promises that their 2018 NYFW show will be an "immersive experience"
We have a small favor to ask. People are reading the Haute Lifestyle than ever since our recent placement in the South Florida Blogger Awards but advertising revenues across the media are falling fast. We do not have investors and everything Blog related is funded out of pocket– we want to keep our journalism as fun and open as we can. So you can see why we need to ask for your help. Our article takes a lot of time, money and hard work to produce. But we do it because we believe our perspective and voices matter – because it might well be your perspective, too.
If everyone who reads our posts, who likes it, helps fund it, our future would be much more secure.
For as little as $1, you can support The Haute Lifestyle
– and it only takes a minute. Hit the "DONATE" button on the top right sidebar.
Thanks in Advance
Having an event? Invite us
Having an event? Invite us
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HautePeople
Twitter: @hautepeople
Instagram @haute_people
Pinterest: http://www.pinterest.com/hautepeople/
Join our Site: www.hautepeople.net


text:
Riley worked hard for his family but he wasn't the smartest guy on radio - as matter of fact, he was one of the dumbest. He was easily led astray by quick-money schemes, often heralded by next-door neighbor friend and co-worker Jim Gillis (John Brown.) In so many ways, Riley and Gillis were the forerunner to TV's Honeymooners' Ralph and Norton and you could also compare them to The Flintstones, an adult cartoon series done in the 1960's.
Riley tried hard - but it seems no matter what, he would fall for a tempting scheme that was deigned to make someone else money - not him. Even Gillis was behind some of these, himself. If it wasn't that, he would foul things up by his own sheer buffoonery. Every show had an implied moral that was always same - never trust Chester with anything.
Still, Riley had a heart of gold - and this karma was almost always good to him as things would always work out well in the end.
Riley's wife, Peg (radio veteran Paula Winslowe) was good to Riley but put her foot down when it came to him wasting money. She wore the financial pants in the family and would often bust Riley down.
|William Bendix
Babs had a variety of young men in her life - and you wondered why she would date nerdy Simon, a show fixture early on. Riley did not like Simon and this often ruffled Babs (and Peg's) feathers.
Junior, Riley's capable son, was a level-headed, hard-working, decently-intelligent 14-15 year old teen. I often wondered where he picked up all of those traits.
There were other notable characters, especially Digby O'Dell, the undertaker (also played by John Brown) who was on every show, often offering advice to Riley. Digby, (Riley called him, "Digger") was all about his work at the cemetary and all of his talk and jokes cenetered around burial. The audience loved Digby and they were always excited when he showed up. The fans could almost mouth his every word - but that didn't seem to matter.
Other not-so-important (or funny) characters were often heard, including Egbert Gillis, a kid who couldn't ever seem to reach puberty but was pretty smart; Waldo Binny (Dink Trout) who always complained of an aching back and Uncle Baxter (radio/TV vet Hans Conried), who was just always there and never paid for anything in the Riley household.
The show was funny at times. It's pretty predictable (some moments are word-for-word predictable; "Oh, my aching back!", "What a revoltin' devolpment this is!", "I better be shoveling off!" but as long as you never take the show serious and treat it like a big cartoon, then you can have some fun.
Most of the episodes in the series have very good sound - with only a few being a problem.
I'd rate it 3 stars just because there are a whole lot of them and silliness can grow on you - and this show does that.


text:
Lincoln Portrait - Stars and Stripes Show
Showing June 7th through July 1 at
May 20- Hoover Wood Elementary Batavia, Illinois. I spent the school day with the children and shared many of my various forms of art, painting, marionettes, sculptures… All of the students helped paint the portrait of their very own school.
6 Artists present their works in Aurora Illinois. May 14 7pm-10pm. Free and a fun time for all.
Come hang out with Ms. Greta Bell and learn all about how she makes her marionettes! In this artist talk students will meet and make art with Greta Bell! The artist talk is planned in conjunction with the closing of the Masks for Marionettes exhibit in the Upstairs gallery. Students will learn about the artist process and then create their own miniature mask. Cost includes a cookies and milk reception at 11:30a.
Saturday: April 2 from 10-11:30am
Water Street Studios Upstairs Gallery hours
Miniature Masks made for Marionettes - Animals and Emotions.
Hilda will be there by appoitment only. Please send me a message and I will meet you there.
Also on display- Dry Points capturing the secret lives of marionettes.


text:
Think of us as an extension of your communications and marketing team – experienced strategists, copywriters and content creators who can help you win hearts and minds by sharing your unique story.
You might be starting up from scratch, launching a new product or service, entering a different market, securing new contracts, acquiring or divesting businesses, restructuring, introducing new systems or aiming to attract and retain staff, customers, volunteers or funders.
Whatever your priorities are, we make it easier to communicate your brand's purpose and point of difference so that you can maximise your impact with employees, customers, volunteers and others.
Let us help you position and strengthen your brand so you can build awareness and credibility with your stakeholders.
We collaborate with experienced consultants, agencies and creatives so that you can access the services you need with greater ease and flexibility.
Together we provide a complementary skill set developed through decades of strategic communications experience.
Our partners include experts in brand strategy, issues & crisis management, media & performance training, government & stakeholder relations, workshop facilitation, website development, digital marketing, social media, photography, video production, graphic design and printing.
We work seamlessly with them to add value to your business and deliver sophisticated and effective communications solutions.
TrueType has been instrumental in our business set up, from developing our brand to bringing our website to life. They took the time to understand our vision for the business and put into words what we could not. Their professionalism and standard of work is excellent and we could not recommend them highly enough.
We are fortunate to have TrueType as our communications partner. With Jesse Bowker's guidance, we entered the market with a strong brand presence that's given us further confidence to engage with clients, industry, government and community stakeholders in Australia and abroad - and for them to engage with us. Working with TrueType is always an enjoyable experience and we know we're in safe hands because they care about our business, and can be trusted to deliver communications that hit the mark with our stakeholders.
Partnering with TrueType is certainly an enriching experience. Indisputably they can be trusted to deliver insightful, bespoke solutions. To align with either a robust strategy that they have wholly created. Or one that they might have developed collaboratively. Or one that may already be in place. Their work evidences a euphoric level of professionalism. They have the intelligence to get it right. And the energy to get on with it. They are also open and transparent, straightforward and diplomatic. And engaging with TrueType is also a lot of fun. Rest assured however, there are no shallow Edinas or Patsys at TrueType to AbFab with your business.
Working with TrueType has been a pleasure. They immediately understood our strategic needs and took the time needed to understand our business operations, which meant they could then provide us with relevant, intelligent and practical recommendations to enhance our market presence. We're especially pleased with our refreshed brand and new website – all delivered by TrueType efficiently, on time and within budget. We don't have a large marketing department, so it's comforting to know that we can rely on TrueType as our communications partner. They're a genuine, very capable team and I highly recommend them.
We engaged Jesse Bowker from TrueType to conduct an independent review of our marketing and communications function which was precipitated by organisational changes and a shift in our strategic direction. With her strong corporate affairs background, industry experience and thoughtful manner, Jesse was a natural fit for this assignment. She quickly got up to speed with the complexities of our business, understood our strategic priorities and was able to build trust with me, our executive leaders and marcomms team. Pleasingly, the review findings have enabled us to adapt our functional structure and ensure that our stakeholder engagement strategy can continue to effectively support the business moving forward. I found it refreshing to work with Jesse and wouldn't hesitate to recommend her and TrueType.


text: 1 Photos Join Now to View All Photos I am a professional person who is missing that speacial someone to make my life complete. I have a wonderful life with family and friends but after divorcing in 2005 I haven't really found someone who is loyal, trusting, and funny that can fill the life partner roll. Last visit: Visible to members only! Sign Up 100% FREE to Get In Touch Signup Free Here


text:
Garden Furniture, Summer Houses, BBQ Houses and Wood Fire Logs from Champfleurie Estate
- a traditional working estate
We Are Still Delivering
Open Weekdays, Weekends & Public Holidays
Firewood Logs, Wood Fuel - Ready To Burn
Woodsure -Assured Quality Woodfuel
How We Produce Firewood Logs
Advice on Burning Logs and Woodburning Stoves
Firewood Logs
Air-Dried Softwood Logs - Ready to Burn
Kiln-Dried Hardwood Logs - Ready To Burn
Champfleurie Premium Wood Fuel Briquettes
Starter Pack For Wood Burning Stoves
Woodlets Super Premium Heating Pellets
Waxling Fire Lighters
Log Stores
Garden Mulch, Woodchip
Composted Horse Manure
Topsoil, Composts, Top Dressing
Decorative Aggregates
Zest Garden Furniture
Zest Gazebos, Garden Pavilions, Arbours
Zest Archways, Pergolas & Pergola Seats
TGB Sheds, Workshops, Garages, Storage
TGB Garden Sheds, Potting Sheds and Garages -
Free Assembly
TGB Garden Stores -
Free Assembly
Log Stores
TGB Summer Houses
Champfleurie Garden Rooms
Zest BBQ Shelters, BBQ Houses
TGB Playhouses
TGB Dog Kennels, Animal Housing
Animal Housing - Self Assembly
High Quality TGB Dog Kennel -
Free Assembly
High Quality TGB Animal Housing -
Free Assembly
Zest Fence Panels, Gates, Posts
Traditional and Rustic Fencing Panels
Elite Fencing Panels
Posts, Post Finials, Post Fixings
Panel Gates, Dressed Gates
Driveway Gates
Zest Trellis and Lattice Panels
Zest Decking
Zest Grow Your Own
Zest Garden Planters, Climbers
Zest Log Walling, Sleepers
Sorbeo Horse Bedding Pellets
Product Search
View Order
Contact Us
Site Map
01506 847999
Email us
Logs and Woodfuel
Firewood Logs, Wood Fuel - Ready To Burn
How We Produce Firewood Logs
How We Produce Firewood Logs
Environmental Award 2008
Estate Woodlands
Replacement Trees
Collecting the Estate Timber
Moving Timber Around
External Timber Supplies
Stored Timber
Cracking and Handling the Timber
Log Processing
Splitting into Logs
Storing the Logs
No Waste
Local Deliveries
National Deliveries
The Old Way
Log and Firewood Production on Champfleurie Estate
The process of our firewood log production from seedling to fireside, involves nearly quarter of a million pounds worth of equipment, a lot of hard work and a lot of patience.
It really starts with the planting, although the current generation will not see these trees turned into logs in their lifetime. Our present supply of timber consists of mature trees in trouble and wind blown material.
Firstly the trees are cut into 3 metre sections and left out in all weathers in wood stacks for at least 3 years. We then split the larger diameter trees with an attachment on our 8.6 ton digger called a cracker into sections that will go through our 17" diameter processor. These logs then go into a large polytunnel to finish the seasoning/drying process using only the wind and sun that Mother Nature provides. This saves on the pollution from large amounts of timber being burned to operate a kiln in kiln-drying of logs.
This material is then placed onto a hydraulic table which the feeds onto a conveyor that is stopped electronically at the exact position for the large harvester chain saw to cut into sections between 8" and 10" long. They in turn drop down into a chamber and a 15 ton hydraulic ram pushes them through an 8-way axe to produce the final log.
These logs then travel up a conveyor and into a cleaning drum which seperates the good logs from the waste material. They then fall out of the drum into log bags for the final storage stage in our new polytunnel dryng areas.
Logs and Woodfuel
Firewood Logs, Wood Fuel - Ready To Burn
How We Produce Firewood Logs
Champfleurie Estate Ltd
Linlithgow, West Lothian EH49 6NB
Conforms to WCAG 1-A Guidelines |
Privacy Policy
| © 2005 Champfleurie Estate |
WebMedia Design


text:
adidas Drops the NMD R1 in a Simple Black/Gum Color Scheme
Out now.
adidas appears ready and willing to push its NMD R1 model back to the same prominence it held much of last year, revealing the statement sneaker in a myriad of color schemes just in the past few months alone. Up next for the runner is this tonal motif, pairing a black-toned upper alongside a gum rubber outsole.
Mesh dresses much of the base, with matching-hued EVA plugs, heel counter, pull tab and branded tongue adding artistic accents to its otherwise minimalist aesthetic. Sitting below, the full-length BOOST midsole and popular outsole help ensure user comfort while adding stylistic charm. Priced at $130 USD, you can find this adidas NMD R1 at such retailers as Feature.
In other key footwear news, here is a closer look at the Virgil Abloh x Nike Zoom Fly Mercurial Flyknit.


text:
Dolphin's Pearl
Categories: | Published by: admin
Play Dolphin's Pearl from Novomatic for free
About Dolphin's Pearl
Dolphin Pearl was the original dolphin and water-themed games released by Novomatic. It takes you to the depths of the sea where you enjoy big wins from landing various symbols on your way.
It is a 5-reel, 10-pay line game that has a minimalist interface. Its blue background looks great and so, are the symbols. The high winning symbols include the tropical fish, a seahorse, a lobster and a flatfish.
You get a high RTP of 95.13%. The game does not come with a bonus option. However, it has a multiplier on hitting three scatter symbols. You can also win by landing at least three wild symbols.


text:
Welcome to our Training.
We deliver a wide range of training – please browse our training manuals and training calendar
At Northern Volunteering (SA) we have a reputation for providing training that is:
- innovative
- flexible
- relevant
- interesting
Why not find out more?
contact us or review our training calendar for more details.
'I have attended lots of training but yours was the best. I loved the way the trainers were relaxed and enjoyed banter but still got on with the job.'
"Your method of training is a breath of fresh air"
Lots of training opportunities for volunteers and volunteer managers in northern Adelaide. Some free, some fee for service – check
them out!
We are now offering our First Aid Training as a combined online/face to face option – see below flyers


text:
Job Information
Providence Health & Services Senior Software Engineer Lead in Seattle, Washington
The Digital Innovation Group at Providence Health & Services is a small but mighty team of engineers, marketers and venture capitalists that are building next-generation tools that give patients convenient and easy access to healthcare virtually anywhere, anytime.
We essentially operate as a tech start-up, but play an integral role in helping PSJH achieve its Vision of "Health for a Better World".
About our Express Care Product Platform Team
Working with the Express Care team, you will be building a visionary technology platform to enable same-day care for the 21st century. This enables everything from booking a clinic appointment with a few clicks, to video visits, and even house calls! All from your mobile device. And that's just the stuff we can post publicly! That's right, our team is transforming health care through technology that is smart, sophisticated, user-centric and measurable. It's real-world impact in people's lives each day!
As a Senior Software Engineer Lead on this team, you will serve as a technical leader as part of our Director's leadership team. First, you will use your technology depth to drive architecture and design decisions. You will also roll-up your sleeves and code with the team. While you don't have direct reports, you will have responsibility for major facets of our technical decisions and will be guiding/mentoring team members to help them grow in their software development careers.
Some of the things you will do:
Implement richly interactive real-time applications with modern JavaScript frameworks based on React and Node
Extensively leverage WebRTC, SMS, chat bots and other real-time communication technologies to help patients anywhere at any time!
Work with customers, designers and UX experts to design and develop solutions to challenging problems, leading teams and mentoring more junior engineers.
Design fault-tolerant architecture that scales with real-time workloads involving audio, video, data, and messaging.
Provide thought leadership through investigating new technologies and how they can be applied.
Take calculated risks, learn from success or failure, and apply that to the next problem in the pipeline.
Required qualifications for this position include:
Bachelor's Degree in Computer Science or equivalent education/experience
8 years developing software for front end and back end systems including several of JavaScript, Java, C#, Python
8 years working with frontend JavaScript SPA and state handling frameworks such as React, AngularJS, EmberJS, Redux, along with HTML5 and CSS
8 years deploying solutions with backend frameworks such as Node.js at web scale, including related experience with cloud services platforms such as AWS, and relational \ non-relational databases
2 years configuring continuous integration and deployment systems at scale, on Kubernetes or with containers, including ownership for security reviews
2 years leading technical direction and design reviews for a major functional area of your business unit
Preferred qualifications for this position include:
- Master's Degree in Computer Science or equivalent education/experience
We offer:
A small but growing team - we're good at what we do and enjoy working together.
Autonomy and respect from day one
An environment that is scrappy, flexible, and values tenacity
Great pay
Generous vacation, benefits, flexible work, and matched 403b
The best tools money can buy
What else:
You'll be surrounded by a team of people who have transformed industries and have come to Providence to transform health care delivery. You will have the best of both worlds- the exhilaration of an incubation organization paired with the resources and security of an industry healthcare leader.
What drives us:
As employees of the Providence Digital Innovation Group, we passionately serve the people of our community. We are dedicated to removing obstacles that limit access to quality health care and enabling people to live healthier lives.
We offer a full comprehensive range of benefits - see our website for details
Our Mission
As expressions of God's healing love, witnessed through the ministry of Jesus, we are steadfast in serving all, especially those who are poor and vulnerable.
About Us
Providence Health & Services is a not-for-profit Catholic network of hospitals, care centers, health plans, physicians, clinics, home health care and services guided by a Mission of caring the Sisters of Providence began over 160 years ago. Providence is proud to be an Equal Opportunity Employer. Providence does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, gender, disability, veteran, military status, religion, age, creed, national origin, sexual identity or expression, sexual orientation, marital status, genetic information, or any other basis prohibited by local, state, or federal law.
Schedule: Full-time
Shift: Day
Job Category: Information Technology
Location: Washington-Seattle
Req ID: 223575


text:
Best Mobile Technology Award
With mobile technology driving innovation – this Award will celebrate the UK's mobile technology kings and queens.
Best use of big data
This award is open to companies that specialise in managing big data and organisations that can demonstrate innovative use.
Clean tech award
Who are the businesses that are driving the emerging clean tech sector and combining environmental credentials with business nous.
AI/Machine learning Award
What else could have such a significant impact on all of our lives? This Award will showcase those who are pioneering in this space.
Best use of VR/AR award
With virtual reality and augmented reality changing the way we think about the world and business, this awards will showcase those at the vanguard.
Advanced Engineering Award
Advanced engineering remains one of the UK's most productive sectors and this award will celebrate the very best.
Most innovative use of software or cloud technology
Have you and your business developed a piece of software or cloud technology that has positively impacted a business?
IT/telecoms support Award
With a multitude of IT and telecoms support organisations in the UK, this Award will honour the very best.
Robotics and automation award
If you have a business that operates in the field of robotics and automation this award is for you.
Tech start-up business award
This Award will be won by the tech start-up that has put its stamp on the sector in which it operates.
Tech dealmaker of the year
This Award will showcase the major M&A/MBO/VC and private equity investment deals that are taking place in the UK.
Tech entrepreneur of the year
Are you an entrepreneur that has propelled a technology business to triple line success?


text:
Tags: android app development balasore web design bhubaneswar website design cacld balasore cj classes weebsite diabetesworld website durgapur web development ecommerce webdesign
Initiate a project discussion with us:
Swapna InfoTech is passionate about understanding your requirements. The more details you give, the better Swapna InfoTech will be able to help you. Click here to write your requirement or call +91-8436632010 or mail email@example.com
Write us a Feedback
Location: Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India


text:
Alive nowadays is much different previously. Things have changed involving furniture put about the rug. Rug is not just a place to shower, urination even defecate. Recently it has been switched to a space where men and women can curl up and enjoy the heated water when listening to an instrumental music. This is exactly why some reasons are made to earn a rug enjoyable and comfortable. Obtaining momeni laguna red geometric rug reviews wayfair is just one of tactics to beautify and beautify rug.
Furniture such as cabinet and vanity can be also part of their rug. It's important to pay attention in that part time. It ought to really be painted, stained, or not at all. Of course in the event that you would like to give color inside it, it's best to make it matches with an total color inside the area.
Being creative with all an countertop can be accomplished by setting up tiles onto it. It is likely to differ and fresh and fun for your own rug. You do not ought to acquire costly granite to cover it because you can certainly do exactly the DIY job to put in tile. It is great in contrast but only adjusted the tiles along with your rug design. Additionally, there are lots of things that you can do for the sake of all momeni laguna red geometric rug reviews wayfair.
It is easy to put in overly as opposed to if you use bathtub in your rug. That you don't need to be worried whenever you've limited budget for your rug. Walk in bathtub is going to soon be sold in more economical price once we evaluate bathtub and a few other layouts. Now, you can decide to choose one of any momeni laguna red geometric rug reviews wayfair.
This measure is quite crucial to do. Do not neglect to place the faucet in proper place. Merely because you feel it will soon be futile for utilizing it again, you've got to keep it secure in suitable place!
That is all about steps to removing the previous taps. When you remove the older faucet, then you'll be able to shift it into the new one. It is my hope that this methods will answer your query about momeni laguna red geometric rug reviews wayfair.
momeni laguna red geometric rug reviews wayfair are remarkably popular in this era simply because they could show that your rug in easy and modern-day fashion. To mix each one of the monsters of black and white are not easy todo! Below are some steps that I'll say about. Commence to decide on rug programs by decide the color of your rug wall . If you want just a black color for the wall, then you've got to select white rug tools on your shower, cupboard, rug sink, shower stall and many kind of rug equipment.
This Momeni Laguna Red Geometric Rug Reviews Wayfair the gallery form Red Geometric Rug. Hopefully you can find the best inspiration from our gallery here.


text:
Get Started Writing a Book
Having trouble getting started writing a book?
Give It Up to the Ghost!
Do you have an area of expertise and a story to tell? Do you want to write a book but something keeps getting the way? That something, typically, can be time, and money or maybe an inability to wordsmith your way to a compelling telling of your tale. My advice: stop stalling! Like most things in life, you only have to "do it alone" if you choose to.
Some people do actually sit down and write that book themselves, be it a memoir, novel, play, poetry, short stories, young adult/children's book or business book. Maybe they write to help enhance their reputation and raise their rates, or anything else they deem worthy of precious time and hard-earned money. However, others find another way to accomplish their objective of becoming an author: they intelligently seek out the very best collaborator—by asking other authors for references, doing online research and vetting the kind of writer they believe will best serve their needs.
That person might be someone with whom they share a co-author credit, who works for back-end book sales or royalties only, sharing the risk and the rewards. Alternatively, it might be someone who gets a "with" in front of their name or no credit at all. That person might or might not get paid, and they may or may not get some split of any publisher royalty and future book sales. Make no mistake: writing is usually an expensive undertaking because of the work and time involved. Then there's the ultimate out-and-out ghost: the invisible midwife who pulls your story out of you and writes it both with and for you. You tell your story to your collaborator and he or she wordsmiths it so that it is as well-expressed and powerfully effective as it deserves to be, in your own voice and with your own words.
But how does the would-be author find that special someone? Let me caution you that not all ghostwriters are created equal. And no, it's not just a question of talent/no talent. Lots of professional writers can ace their own book or other writing projects, but getting inside another person, being able to write in that voice, and being able to express those ideas rather than one's own – that requires a special kind of talent.
You want a writer who can feel your joy and pain, get under your skin and help you tell your story to the world. With my long experience, I can tell you that writing a stand out book today isn't easy, let along a bestseller in this crowded and highly competitive landscape. Really great books are actually few and far-between and often don't achieve that recognition with an author's first boo. But the rewards for the person becoming an author for the first time can be remarkable.
If you understand that it's a numbers game as well as talent and invest some time in your search everywhere for a perfect candidate, there will be a collaborator or ghostwriter out there who's right for you, with the right fit, the right price or arrangement, and the ability to help you 'birth' your book.
Good luck; and if you need some advice, just holler.


text:
Tagged with "zakir naik"
Theresa May's ban on Robert Spencer and Pamela Geller reveals a troubling relativism
The British Home Secretary's ban reveals a bias in the United Kingdom's approach to tackling extremism. Here's why...- 27 June 2013
Woolwich attackers' university hosted 'extremist' preachers
Greenwich University has hosted numerous extremist speakers over the past decade, leading to questions over the Woolwich attackers' radicalisation- 25 May 2013
UK students given booklets claiming, "every Muslim should be a terrorist" authored by banned Islamic hate-preacher
British universities students have received a publication entitled, "Answers to Non-Muslims Questions about Islam" by Zakir Naik- 4 April 2013
Latest on the blog
Most popular
We are wholly dependent on the kindness of our readers for our continued work. We thank you in advance for any support you can offer.