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Free Culture: How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Control Creativity
Author: Lawrence Lessig
Publisher: New York: Penguin Press, 2004
Review Published: March 2005
One facet of Lessig's critique is that powerful interests (the windmills) have used their influence to shape legislation in such a way that the 'protection - access' balance is swinging way too far in the direction of 'protection.' Lessig's Constitutional argument in the Eldred case was that the "limited times" phrase of the 'progress' clause ought to mean "limited," and that, if no break is placed on the Congressional impetus to increase the length of time for which material retains copyright protection (particularly where powerful economic forces in the Internet age can exercise influence on how the market and technology works), Congress would, in effect, be in violation of the Constitution:
In the Eldred case, Lessig had hoped that the Supreme Court would follow an analogous principle it had established with regard to the Commerce Clause: that Congress's use of the commerce clause (also in Article I, Section 8) had limits. Lessig felt that his objection to the abuse of copyright law was particularly strong because the Constitution expressly directs Congress to use "limited times" in setting copyright or patent protections.[2] According to Lessig, the Supreme Court simply ignored the Commerce Clause analogy. Apparently the Court did not see sufficient harm in what Congress was doing to warrant a rebuttal from the Court. Lessig takes the blame for taking the wrong tack in the suit, but does raise the possibility that the court would not have found in favor of Eldred even if Lessig had taken a different approach.
My reading of the syllabus of Eldred v Ashcroft yields a different understanding of the case. The court pointed out that the law in question, the Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA) of 1998, did not extend copyright protection into perpetuity but for a limited time. The Court also rejected the argument that the 1998 extension was qualitatively different than earlier extensions. In short, the court explicitly found that Congress had exercised its powers in a Constitutional manner. After reading the syllabus, I found the Court's decision more convincing than Lessig's position. (I will forego a discussion of other elements of the case. For example, the plaintiffs had also included a First Amendment argument that the Court found unconvincing.) However, even if one comes away from Lessig's book with a mis-reading of Eldred, Lessig's point that the trend shifting the balance in favor of 'protection' is still valid.
One tactic advocated by Lessig to counter the influence of powerful interests is to storm the Bastille -- that is, through grass-roots activism that will result in the voice of the people speaking so loudly that the political system will have to respond. He believes that the U.S. political system still cares about what the people think: it hasn't reached the "let them eat cake" stage yet. Another tactic Lessig advocates is for individuals and groups to use the architecture of the Internet to "free" culture. An example of this kind of effort is Creative Commons; another example is the Public Library of Science. The first tactic is an effort to shape law. The second tactic is an effort to shape norms by using architecture toward a particular end: to free culture by creating a larger intellectual commons and supplementing what is available through the market (though the degree to which the market would be supplemented, as opposed to replaced, may be an open question). These four -- Law, Market, Architecture, and Norms (121) -- are (as Lessig points out) the modalities first encountered in Lessig's book Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace.
Thus, Lessig's strategy is to adopt a multi-modal approach in attempting to free culture, and his strategy involves the use of specific tactics for at least three of the four modalities (law, architecture, and norms). His overall approach -- adopting a multi-modal strategy and using specific tactics for each modality -- has the advantage of working on several fronts simultaneously. Coordinating efforts undertaken in the pursuit of various tactics may not be necessary, as long as the overarching goal (free culture) is at the forefront of the minds of those involved in activities that fall within the realm of different tactics. Indeed, a decentralized approach seems completely congruous with a free culture. The particular statutory and policy changes suggested by Lessig are not important because they are the only way to proceed (there certainly may be other ways), but because they demonstrate that a nuanced and complex approach is possible. Therefore, a critique of Lessig's specific policy proposals cannot serve as an attack of Lessig's more fundamental concern that the copyright system has become skewed in the favor of special interests and to the detriment of both what the Internet and the larger culture can and should be.
Lessig bases his fundamental concern on a particular understanding of the 'progress' clause of the Constitution, on the evolution of copyright law (particularly in the 20th century), on the assumption that the market itself is subject to the influence of a few powerful interests, and on the assumption that the Internet is still evolving. Lessig's argument that the purpose of the 'progress' clause is best achieved with a balance between protection of copyright, on the one hand, and access, on the other, seems eminently reasonable to me. Lessig believes that the issue is neither a Republican nor a Democrat issue, but rather an issue of common sense. One question this leaves is: has the law evolved so that there is now an imbalance grossly in favor of protection? Lessig points out that in the beginning what was protected was limited, and it was protected for a limited time. Today, as Lessig makes clear, significantly more falls under the 'protected' category and for a much longer period of time. Thus, while some may argue that the U.S. has not yet reached the stage that any kind of statutory or policy change is in order, it is very clear that the trajectory of the law is in the direction of unduly favoring protection.
We are therefore left with two other questions: 1) is the Internet still evolving; and 2) is the market unduly influenced by a few powerful actors? With regard to the first question: though others may disagree (perhaps Koepsell, and his The Ontology of Cyberspace, is among the detractors), it seems to me that the Internet has no natural ontology. It is technically possible for the Internet to be either a very closed system or a very open system, or somewhere between. There could be a series of unconnected Internets or one globally connected Internet. And so forth. My personal preference is for one global system biased in favor of openness. I believe that such a system could foster the kind of innovation and creativity that Lessig also favors. A bias in favor of an open system also seems more congruent with a free and democratic society. The important point is that technology can be shaped by human purposes. Our primary challenge is to determine which purposes.
What, then, about market concentration? According to Mark Cooper [3],
Lessig's argument is marred by some redundancy and fragmentation of analysis, and some readers may feel that not all of his analogies are as applicable as he may think. It appears to me that Lessig struggles between feeling that the political/legal system is corrupt and that it is not (see, for example, pages 216 and 305). On the other hand, Lessig's basic point regarding property is eminently defensible: that what is property and what rights are entailed in ownership are not forever fixed, but evolve; Lessig points out that technological change is one 'driver' of this evolution.[5] Lessig's concern about the emergence of a feudalistic information society is well-placed and the strategy of a multi-modal approach to resist and/or reverse this trend is a good one.
Previously, I have stated that Lessig's policy recommendations are nuanced and complex and that it is not so much the specifics of the recommendations that are important but the fact that they are nuanced and complex, because they illustrate the kind of nuance possible in public policy. Even so, his specific recommendations are worth consideration. For example, Lessig states that "the important formalities are three: marking copyrighted work, registering copyrights, and renewing the claim to copyright" (288). Lessig suggests that the U.S. follow a process like the one that distinguishes between "central registry" and "actual registrations" of domain name owners (289). Separate marking requirements for different media could emerge. The Copyright Office's role would not be to develop marking standards but to use the hearing process to reach a marking standard it would approve. An unmarked work could be used by others without copyright violation, until the owner had the work marked and registered. Copyright control of derivative works, if imposed by Congress, "should be for a much shorter term" than copyright control over original work (294). "Likewise," Lessig adds, "should the scope of derivative rights be narrowed" (295).
In Lessig's opinion, policy regulating file-sharing should take into account the different uses of file-sharing and the effect one type of use has on another type of use: filesharing (1) as a substitute "for purchasing CDs. ...[;]" (2) used to "sample, on the way to purchasing CDs. ...[;]" (3) used "to get access to content that is no longer sold but is still under copyright or that would have been too cumbersome to buy off the Net. ...[;]" or (4) used "to get access to content that is not copyrighted or to get access that the copyright owner plainly endorses" (296, 297). Lessig doesn't favor laws that aim to protect copyrighted CDs if those laws unduly affect type four uses. There is more to his policy proposal than covered by this and the previous paragraph, but the two paragraphs do provide some sense of Lessig's nuanced approach.
The appropriate balance between 'protection' and 'access' and how to achieve that balance are important issues. After reading Lessig's book, one may be more inclined to say "Get your lances and start tilting!"
[1] Future of Ideasis the title of an earlier book by Lessig. Free Culture can be seen as the third book in a series that started with Lessig's Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace and later followed by The Future of Ideas: The Fate of the Commons in a Connected World.
[2] Lessig argues thus:
[3] Mark Cooper, "Media Ownership and Democracy in the Digital Information Age: Promoting Diversity with First Amendment Principles and Market Structure Analysis," Center for Internet and Society, Stanford Law School. (Accessed January 12, 2005). See also Robert W. McChesney, "The global media giants: The nine firms that dominate the world," November/December 1997. (Accessed on January 12, 2005).
[4] Cooper�s book "shows that previous decisions to relax [ownership] rules led directly to concentration, consolidation, and conglomeration, which had harmful effects on the quality of journalism and democratic discourse" (6). One could certainly use this as an analog for what will happen to innovation and creativity as a result of market concentration, especially as the 'protection v access' dilemma gets tilted more toward the 'protection' side.
[5] The questions of what constitutes property, how one acquires it, and what rights (if any) are inherent in property are important and germane, but they are beyond the scope of this review.
Arthur L. Morin:
Arthur L. Morin is an Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science and Justice Studies and Director of the Master of Liberal Studies Program at Fort Hays State University. <email@example.com>


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Ruby Rose is threatening to break the internet by sharing a snap with One Direction's Harry Styles from the Aria Awards 2017.
The backstage snap features the stars standing side by side with Rebel Wilson, Anna Camp and Brittany Snow.
The Orange Is The New Black star needn't post a caption alongside the shot shared to 11.8m followers, instead letting the comments section do the talking.
One fan got a little over excited about Styles being in the picture, who was wearing a purple patterned suit with an unbuttoned white shirt. They said: "OH MY GOD IS THAT HARRY STYLES OH MY GOD".
Another wrote: "Omg these both got to meet and take a pic together am dead harry is flawless ❤"
While a third added: "SOME PITCH PERFECT ICONS".
Someone else commented "I don't think I've ever been so happy... Ruby Rose and Harry in the same photo I'm in heaven".
Meanwhile, Ruby's latest public appearance at the awards ceremony held in Sydney, Australia, sparked concern among viewers and her loyal fans.
The 31-year-old Orange model and actress is a proud vegan and has been an inspiration to many for helping address climate change by considering what they are eating.
But Ruby appeared a shadow of her former, athletic self at the awards ceremony, prompting her fans to worry about her well-being.
Taking to the stage to present the award for Best International Artist alongside Camp, Wilson and Snow, Ruby looked super stylish in a tailored black suit with a white shirt and undone tie.
While her slicked back hair and flawless make-up, fans couldn't help notice she looked slimmer than ever.
One viewer took to Twitter to say: "You look ill love @RubyRose", as another wrote: "OMG Ruby Rose is soooo skinny".
The Pitch Perfect 3 star took to Twitter earlier this month to respond to body shamers calling her as "too thin".
In a lengthy post, Ruby took a dig at those criticising her physique, saying that it's "maddening" to see people flock to social media to comment on her body type.
Ruby attacked dietitian Lisa DeFazio who recently told Star magazine that the actress should get help, urging her family and friends to persuade her to take necessary steps to get back in healthy shape.
Rose kicked off her post by saying: "@lisadefazioMSRD Do you actually have any 'celebrity clients' or just gossip magazines? You comment on people who you deem are too big or too small and even go so far as to guess why. You are reckless and no Hollywood expert would behave the way you do."
She continued: "Telling a magazine MY 'manager friends and family should get involved and help me before it's too late and that my weight is '44 kilos' (I'd probably be in hospital of that were true) is so maddening and irresponsible."

subset: commoncrawl


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Summer is in full swing. It's a time of year that is filled with fun, optimism and sunshine. Fashion at this time of year reflects that cheerful, happy mood and the Nikki Poulos collection, now available exclusively at Funky Monkey, is the perfect way to dress for summer.
Australian born fashion designer Nikki Poulos has become a household name in the US almost overnight following her recent participation in the NBC show Fashion Star.
The show, a reality competition, was designed as a search for the next big brand in fashion.
Fashion Star pitted 14 unknown designers against one another as they vied to win a multi-million dollar prize to launch their own fashion collections in three of America's largest retailers: Macy's, H&M and Saks Fifth Avenue.
The fashion designers included stay at home mums, teachers and engineers as well as design school graduates.
Nikki Poulos, who grew up on a farm with no electricity, says she had to find creative ways to entertain herself from a young age. Sewing soon became a favourite pastime.
In the early 1990s, Poulos created an eco-friendly baby clothing line called "Ecobaby," which she sold in open-air markets, and eventually expanded the business to sell in major department stores.
After several successful years, however, she returned to university to study for a degree in marine biology and her life took a different course, as she went into marine research and coral reef conservation.
The lure of the creative world of fashion, however, was still strong and in 2008 she created her Nikki Poulos label.
Her collections attracted a select but loyal following for several years, but it was her appearance on Fashion Star earlier this year that catapulted her into the limelight and shoppers across the US are clamouring for her designs.
Jodi Hunter, owner of Funky Monkey in Governors Square however, has her finger firmly on the pulse of the fashion world, and she was selling Poulos's unique designs before the show even aired.
Funky Monkey is the only retail store in the Cayman Islands that stocks Nikki Poulos.
Although best known for her elegant maxi dresses, Poulos also creates jumpsuits, wrap dresses and cover ups in a variety of eye-catching prints, from bold stripes to intricate patterns.
Her designs are inspired by vintage styles, although she works with a variety of modern fabrics including rayon and spandex as well as various cottons and crochets.
Her love of the outdoors has led her to create a line that represents the epitome of modern boho chic. Poulos dresses are the ideal island attire, as they translate seamlessly from day wear to evening wear.
Because she designs clothes she would want to wear herself, Poulos's dresses are comfortable, yet as suitable for wearing to the office as for lounging by the pool.
Nikki Poulos believes strongly in supporting her local community and economy, therefore all her pieces are proudly produced in the US.


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Entries needing authors as of October 17, 2019:
|Acansa Arts Festival
|Adams, Dwight
|Adams, Howard O'Neal
|Akers, Fred
|Albert Pike Recreational Area
|Altus Grape Festival
|American Revolution Bicentennial Celebration
|Amusement Parks
|Annual Bean Fest and Great Arkansas Championship Outhouse Races
|Antebellum Spring Resorts
|Anthony, John Ed
|Arkansas Activities Association
|Arkansas Championship Grape Stomp and Cowie Wine Fest
|Arkansas Chapter of the Road Runners Club of America
|Arkansas Colored Athletic Association
|Arkansas County Fair
|Arkansas Cowboys Association
|Arkansas Delta Byways Tourism Association
|Arkansas Flower and Garden Show
|Arkansas GlacierCats
|Arkansas Goat Festival
|Arkansas Golf Hall of Fame
|Arkansas High Country Route
|Arkansas Hot Air Balloon State Championship
|Arkansas Impact [Basketball Team]
|Arkansas Junior Chamber (a.k.a. Jaycees)
|Arkansas Outdoor Hall of Fame
|Arkansas Rimrockers
|Arkansas River Trail
|Arkansas Riverblades
|Arkansas Rodeo Association
|Arkansas Scufflers
|Arkansas Society, Children of the American Revolution
|Arkansas Society, Sons of the American Revolution
|Arkansas Society, United States Daughters of 1812
|Arkansas State Championship Horse Show
|Arkansas State Golf Association
|Arkansas Swimming Hall of Fame
|Arkansas Track and Field Hall of Fame
|Arkansas Traveller Folk Theatre
|Arkansas Twisters [Football Team]
|Arkansas Women's Golf Association
|Arkansas-Oklahoma State Fair
|Arkla Village
|Atwater, Steve
|Auto Racing
|Baby Face [Rodeo Bull]
|Baldwin, Alton
|Barber, Miller
|Barfly [Rodeo Bull]
|Barham, Leota
|Barnett, Fred
|Barton Coliseum
|Bates, Dorothy (a.k.a. Lee Keith)
|Batesville Motor Speedway
|Baxter County Fair
|Bearden, Gene
|Benton County Fair
|Benton, Jim
|Bentonville Film Festival
|Bercher, Martine
|Bergey, Bill
|Bezdek, Hugo
|Big Shootout
|Bikes, Blues & BBQ
|Blann, Lorietta
|Booger Hollow [Tourist Attraction]
|Books in Bloom Literary Festival
|Boone County Fair
|Branch, Jesse
|Brazil, Bobo (a.k.a. Houston Harris)
|Breckenridge, Rayo
|Brewer, Ron
|Brock, Billy
|Brown, Marcus
|Brown, Ray
|Buie, Boid
|Bumpas, Dick
|Burnett, Bobby
|Burns Gables
|Burns Park
|Caddo Area Council of the Boy Scouts
|Cage, Michael
|Camp Couchdale
|Cane Hill Fall Harvest Festival
|Canoeing and Kayaking
|Carey, Selph
|Carroll County Fair
|Carthon, Maurice
|Catalina, Nelson
|Cave City Watermelon Festival
|Caveness, Ronald Glen (Ronnie)
|Clark County Fair
|Clark, Archie L.
|Clifton, Nathaniel "Sweetwater"
|Coleman, Monte
|Conley, Michael Alex (Mike), Jr.
|Connor-Hamby, Kim
|Cooper, Raymond
|Copper Bowl [Football Game]
|Cotton Club
|Cox, Steve
|Crawdad Days Festival
|Crawford County Fair
|Crawford, Joan
|Crystal River Cave
|Cypert, Boyd
|D105 [Rodeo Bull]
|Dalrymple, Jerry
|Day, Glen Edward
|Day, Todd Fitzgerald
|Derrick, Kimberly
|Diamond Chef Arkansas
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|Dicus, Chuck
|Ding Dong Daddy Days Festival
|Dottley, John "Kayo"
|Downing, Margaret
|Duke, Ken
|Dunaway, Hollie "Hot Stuff"
|Dunaway, Mike
|Eagles Et Cetera Weekend Festival
|Eakin, Kay
|El Dorado Film Festival
|Emmons, Carlos
|Eureka Springs Festival of the Arts
|Faulkner County Fair
|Fayetteville County Club
|Fayetteville Goddess Festival
|Fires, Earlie
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|Flowers, Charlie
|Flynn, Denny
|Foley, Joe
|Forest Park [Little Rock]
|Four States Fair and Rodeo
|Frazier, Willie
|Fred Berry Conservation Education Center on Crooked Creek
|Freeman, Jay
|Freeman, Thomas Jewel (Tommy)
|Gardner, Floyd
|Garroutte, Francis
|George D. Hay Music Hall of Fame and Theater
|Gillis, Bobby
|Glutton Dibbler
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|Grant, Dub
|Gravette, Broadus
|Green, Roy
|Greer, Lurlyne
|Grim, Fred
|Grove, Ivan
|Gulley, Tom
|Hamilton, Ray
|Hanner, Dave
|Hanson, Jerry Bob
|Hargis, John
|Harper, George
|Harris, Jackie
|Harris, Labron
|Harris, Leotis
|Harris, Leroy
|Harris, Michael
|Harris, Shawn
|Harris, Wayne
|Harrison, Ernest Joseph (E. J.) "Dutch"
|Hart, Clyde
|HarvestFest in Hillcrest
|Hatfield, Ken
|Heard, Ronald (a.k.a. "The Outlaw" Ron Bass)
|Heddan, Vannas
|Henry Awards
|Hickey, Howard "Red"
|Hilarious Jesters [Basketball Team]
|Hoffman, John
|Hogeye Marathon
|Hollimon, Joe
|Horse Racing
|Horton, Clyde
|Hot Springs County Club
|Houston, Marilyn McRae "Sonny"
|Hurley, Bobby
|Hutchcraft, John
|Improved Order of Red Men
|Independent Order of Odd Fellows
|Ingram, Sonny
|Isaksen, Margaux
|Joe, Marengo
|Johnson County Fair
|Jones Center (Springdale)
|Jones, Caldwell
|Jones, Ken
|Jones, Nathan "Tricky," Sr.
|Jones, Pat
|Jones, Paula Juels
|Jones, Rufus Parnell (Parnelli)
|Jonesboro County Club
|Junior League
|Kavanaugh, Ken
|Kelone, Theresa
|Kinder, Ellis
|King Cotton Classic
|Kinney, Ragon
|Kleine, Joe
|Knights and Daughters of Tabor
|Knights of Pythias
|Kocinski, John
|Lake Wilson Park
|Lang, Andrew
|Lindsey, Jim
|Little Red Wagon
|Little Rock Boathouse
|Little Rock Maifest
|Little Rock Racquet Club
|Little Rock Turnverein
|Little, Steven Richard
|Logan County Fair
|Lollar, Sherman
|Lukas, Wayne
|Madison County Fair
|Magna Carta Dames and Barons
|Major, Chick
|Mallett, Martell
|Malzahn, Gus
|Mardi Gras
|Mathis, Verdell
|McClellan, Frank
|McClendon, Charles
|McDonald, Rob
|McFadden, Darren
|McGaha, Melvin
|McHan, Lamar
|Mead, Peter
|Meriwhether, Bill
|Merritt Park
|Miles, Eddie
|Miller, Cleo
|Miss Arkansas High School Pageant
|Miss Arkansas USA
|Miss Gay Arkansas America Pageant
|Mississippi River State Park
|Miyamoto, Ariana
|Moffatt, Carolyn
|Morrison, Tommy
|Mountainburg Dinosaur Park
|Mt. Magazine International Butterfly Festival
|Murray, Bobby
|Natural State Stage Race of 1991
|Negro League Baseball Players
|Nelson, Terry
|Newton County Fair
|Nixon, Larry
|Northeast Arkansas District Fair
|Northeast Arkansas Invitational High School Basketball Tournament
|Northwest Arkansas District Fair
|Northwest Arkansas Razorback Regional Greenway
|Nutt, Houston, Sr.
|Olympic Torch Relay of 1996
|O'Neal, Leslie
|Order of the Eastern Star
|Ozark Medieval Fortress
|Ozark Mountain Bike Festival
|Pace, Jim
|Parke, Frank H. "Bert"
|Parker, Helen
|Partee, Cal Sr.
|Peacock, Pat
|Pennington, Arthur David
|Petrus, Mitch
|Petty, Julius
|Pioneer Day (St. Paul)
|Pitts, Galen
|Pope County Fair
|Postage Stamps with Arkansas Connections
|Prairie County Rice Festival
|Preston, Thomas Austin, Jr. (a.k.a. Amarillo Slim)
|Prize Fighting
|Promiseland [Rodeo Bull]
|Quigley, Earl
|Razorback Stadium
|Reising, Robert W.
|Rhone, Ernest
|Rick Evans Grandview Prairie Conservation Education Center
|Riverboat Festival
|Riverside International Speedway
|Robbins, Jack
|Rook, Jerry
|Rothhammer, Keena Ruth
|Schmidt, Francis A.
|Seerey, Pat
|Senior Centers
|Shaw, Clifford
|Shelley, Elbert
|Sherman, Eugene "Bo"
|Shields, Savannah Janine "Savvy"
|Sikes, R. H.
|Sikes, Robert Lee (Bob)
|Smith, Billy Ray Sr.
|Smith, Rod
|Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War
|Sosebee, Cody
|Southeast Arkansas District Fair and Livestock Show
|Southwest Arkansas District Livestock Show
|Star Amusements
|Steamboat Days Festival
|Stricklen, Shekinna
|Suggs, Scott
|Talimena National Scenic Byway
|Taylor, Hugh "Bones"
|Toler, Quinnie Hamm
|Tour de Rock
|Traylor, Keith
|Tuberville, Thomas Hawley (Tommy)
|Turkey Track Fall Bluegrass Festival
|Turtle Derby Festival
|Two Rivers Park
|Valentine, Ellis
|Van Berg, Jack
|Van Wyck, Bronson
|Vedanta Society of Arkansas
|Verizon Arena (a.k.a. Alltel Arena)
|Vines, Harry Doyle
|Vining, Bill
|Wallace, Terry
|War Memorial Park
|Ward, Jack
|Washington County Fair
|Watkins, Willis
|Watson State Park
|Webb, Tina
|White City [Amusement Park]
|White River Water Carnival
|Widner, John
|Wilcox, Kenny
|Williams, Doyne
|Williams, K. D.
|Williams, Kevin
|Williams, Nancy
|Willow Springs Water Park
|Wings Over the Prairie Festival
|Winkles, Bobby
|Winston, Dennis "Dirt"
|Woit, Richard "Dick"
|Women's City Club
|Women's Sports
|Wood, Travis
|Wood, Wendy Scholtens
|World Championship Cardboard Boat Races
|World Championship Duck Gumbo Cook-Off
|World Cheese Dip Championship
|Wye Mountain Daffodil Festival
|Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA)
|Young Men's Hebrew Association (YMHA)


text:
When Apple introduced Apple Music this past summer, one of its most compelling hooks was its attractive pricing structure: while an individual user would shell out ten bucks a month to access the service, things got much more attractive when we brought additional users into the mix, and a family of up to six could share a family plan for just fifteen dollars a month. Google knows a good idea when it sees it, and by early fall the company had announced its own family plan for Google Play Music. It would mirror Apple's fifteen-dollar pricing, and while Google confirmed the option was on its way, it wasn't quite ready to say just when. Today we get our answer, as Google Play Music family plan sign-ups are finally about to open.
Just as promised, up to six users can access all of Google's streaming music catalog by sharing a single fifteen-dollar plan.
At least, that's the US pricing, but users in Canada, Australia, France, Germany, and the UK will similarly be able to get in on this family plan action. The option to enroll in the plan should come to users in all those nations within the next few days.
Going forward, Google intends to bring these family plans to more and more international users, but the company isn't quite ready to share a full list of upcoming countries, nor a timetable for when they all might get this option – only that more are coming, and soon.
Source: Google


text: It's game on! Huge changes are coming for business, fast! 18 June 2018 0 comments Share Directors Dan Druzianic from Hawke's Bay and Paul Rickerby, Christchurch recently attended a week-long Harvard Business School leadership programme developed for international Moore Stephens directors, that built on a first programme they attended two years ago. They returned brimming with new learnings about the challenges ahead for business and we share some of these here. Overall, the key learning has been that your business should be constantly innovating to keep abreast of new technologies, trends, and business models – if not, you risk being swept away in the face of new business models that are disrupting entire industries now and in the future. Change is happening very fast. Case studies on companies including Uber demonstrated how businesses are effectively developing new business models that are disrupting entire industries. For instance, of the 700 current Harvard MBA students, only half have a drivers' licence and only half expect to ever own a car. The car manufacturing industry is grappling with the future implications of Uber, electric vehicles, and driverless vehicles. Harvard studies have identified frameworks that help us understand what happens when a market is disrupted by different types of innovation. This helps industry new entrants and incumbents respond to change. One of the course Professors had a long career at General Motors and spent 14 years defending the disruption created by Toyota's entry into the It's game on! Huge changes are coming for business, fast!USA market (ultimately failing). He now realises that if these frameworks existed then, GM would have understood the likely outcomes and been much more successful. Another Professor believes managers are no longer managing businesses. Given the increased workloads, responsibilities, and task-based work pressures today's managers are under (compared with say 25 to 30 years ago), there is little time to think, reflect, strategise. And given the speed of changes already upon us, this is a threat for business. There is critical need for managers to be disciplined to make time to develop their people. And to understand the influence of Millennials on culture in the workforce, as the expectations and motivations of these digital natives are very different from those who have come before. The concept of 'value-based strategy' was presented, which had the Moore Stephens attendees fascinated. We looked at Business Model frameworks – What makes up a business model and different types of business models. Be very clear on your value proposition, your resources, processes, and profit formula. Megatrends likely to affect business in the short term: Digitisation – for instance, cloud-based business opportunities and Artificial Intelligence – already present but the impending implementation will create huge changes in how business is done. For instance, another Professor stated that there is no task currently undertaken by a first or second year law graduate in America that cannot be done by an AI alternative. Closer to the Moore Stephens Markhams door, audit functions are likely to be disrupted by computer algorithms within five years. Demographics – the aging population world-wide is creating new issues and opportunities. China is facing great challenges as its historic single child policy distorts its demography. Parochialism – examples were provided of how the world is becoming more geo politically insular and inward-facing. It appears globalisation is at the end of a long expansion cycle and is set to retreat in the years ahead. Pace of change Plant-based 'meat' – Despite believing synthetic meat was some years away from the market, Dan and Paul experienced personally that plant-based burgers are now becoming a mainstream addition on restaurant menus in the USA. They were both surprised and somewhat concerned for the NZ meat industry; their Impossible brand burgers at a Boston sports bar, looked, smelt and tasted like 'the real thing'. So much so, that vegetarians are regularly being convinced they've been served incorrectly. Dan and Paul are keen to share their knowledge with clients and local professional colleagues. Feel free to have a chat if you'd like to learn more. If you'd like to learn more about the Moore Stephens Leadership programme created by Harvard Business School, click this link, or view below: Business Advice and DevelopmentDan Druzianic


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Top Cloud Companies in Miami
Are you looking for the best cloud companies in Miami? Cloud computing offers various benefits depending on your requirements. The top cloud service providers in Miami offer cost-saving, global scale, speed, performance, productivity, and reliability. The experts provide you technical expertise and help shape cloud infrastructure. The cloud computing service provider in Miami also offers approaches as per your business requirements. They provide resources that support cloud computing, fulfilling your purpose of utilizing the cloud as a storage platform for your company. Therefore, to help you in finding the firms meeting your needs, GoodFirms has established a list of the top cloud computing companies in Miami. Check below:
List of Best Cloud Companies in Miami | Top Cloud Service Providers in Miami
1. Ziggle Tech
We are an award-winning digital transformation agency. We provide strategy, design and technology services to mid-level enterprises. We help to create & implement the digital transformation strategy and turn your business into a digital leader. We provide mid-level enterprises with technology, replatforming, and digital transformation strategy, consulting, and services just as Accenture, IBM, and Deloitte provide large enterprises. As a global organization, our expertise includes digital transformation consulting, eCommerce design ... read more
WHO WE ARE ? We call ourselves as "vnnovations, that can dream, design, and deliver an awe-inspiring experience and exceptional final product. We simply hit a grand slam in making the world come alive though our tremendous outcomes" Vnnovate is a part of Royal crucible company with some excellent technical backup. We are a family of the passionate and enthusiastic team of developers, Designers and Testers who thrives themselves in this digital Era. WHAT WE DO ? We work with one goal –"optimizing the outcomes ... read more
3. Dexence
Dexence is a digital innovation studio and your best choice to custom software development for mobile and web app. We focus on combining innovation processes, UX design, cutting-edge technology and business acumen to work together with our customers to create the most adequate software to reposition them in the digital business world. We use a consultative approach, proactively bringing new ideas and fresh insights to our client's projects, from the initial wireframes to launch.
Webskitters LLC is an ISO CMMI Level 3 certified brand specializing in providing quality services in website development and design with mobile app development and digital marketing. Headquartered in Miami, we have offshore branches in London, Australia, Phuket along with development center in India. Our global presence is spread across seven countries with a huge number of satisfying client's names. Our journey has been marked with several awards and accreditations which include Fastest Growing Indian IT Company Excellence Award... read more
DCSL Software is one of the UK's leading bespoke software development companies. We design intelligent, cost-effective and intuitive web applications, desktop applications and mobile apps that help streamline processes for businesses as well as create new revenue streams for start-ups and established businesses alike.
6. Nubiral
We are a company of technological creatives that accompany companies on their way to digital transformation, applying various integrated solutions aimed at reducing costs, increasing profitability and improving processes using the latest trends in the industry. Our value proposition is translated into the application of the NUBE VIRAL® methodology, developing simple, agile and dynamic business solutions, combining our creativity and experience to provide the highest quality of service through detailed planning and solid technical execution ... read more
7. CloudOps
Since 2005, CloudOps has enabled hundreds of enterprises and web-based companies to build their businesses in the cloud.
Thales eSecurity is a leader in advanced data security solutions and services, delivering trust wherever information is created, shared or stored. We ensure that company and government data is secure and trusted in any environment – on-premise, in the cloud, in data centers and in big data environments – without sacrificing business agility. Security doesn't just reduce risk, it's an enabler of the digital initiatives that now permeate our daily lives – digital money, e-identities, healthcare, connected cars and wi... read more
eSource Capital was born in 2006 and is a Cloud Solution Provider that provides solutions and services using the innovative technology of the great market leaders like Google, Amazon Web Services and Microsoft. We help companies to innovate the way they work and work together to meet the main business objectives and thrive in a constantly evolving market. We also offer specialized cloud consulting, strategic IT services, cloud migration and implementation, custom application development and customer training services worldwide. We operate... read more
10. Extensys Inc.
Extensys, Inc is a leading information technology provider of managed premise and cloud services, infrastructure and enterprise application solutions. Extensys combines the technical expertise of its consultants with the technologies from strategic business partners to solve IT issues impacting small and large businesses. By understanding business technology needs and requirements, Extensys, Inc. offers innovative, high quality, and cost-effective solutions that can have a major impact on a company's business capabilities. Since its ince... read more
11. Backlayer Inc
Backlayer has been providing IT services, design, implementation & maintenance since 2011. As a technology consulting company with a national reach we are able to negotiate better pricing from key suppliers, expand our expertise using our vast base of knowledge from others within our organization, and stay abreast of the latest developments. Our local presence means we're readily available to you with fast response times and familiar faces.
CADMART is a South Florida's leading Information Technology professional services company that specializes in providing consulting, outsourcing services and technology solutions to small and medium businesses. For more than 20 years, our customers trust us to deliver reliable, secure and affordable IT services and solutions that help grow their business faster, drive better results and maximize value from the IT investments. Our expert professional team has helped hundreds of business to succeed with a comprehensive portfolio of int... read more
13. Binlogic
We are a company specialized in the consulting of Open Source Databases. Our mission is to solve problems in the field of databases. We provide training, support and remote management services for databases and infrastructure, maximizing the efficiency of our clients' technological processes, their scalability and architecture, with high availability to improve their management, with solutions that are both technical as economically viable. Our goal is to be the main strategic ally for our clients, within the scope of databases and infrastr... read more
BayksCloud Consultants is an IT consultancy firm based in South Florida in the Miami-Fort Lauderdale metro areas, offering customised and creative solutions to address organizations' performanace challenges through identifying opportunities for Cloud Migration, DevOps & CICD implementation. BayksCloud is an Amazon Web Services Consulting Partner.
15. Folder IT
Folder IT is a company based in Argentina, that has been on the IT market for 10 years. Our staff is made of: Senior developers, Project Leaders and Managers, Architects, etc. We offer high quality services in Software Production Development, Software Factory, Analysis and Project Design, Software Consulting, complying to ISO 9001:2008 quality standards.
Momentum Consulting Corporation is an Information Technology professional services firm that delivers comprehensive process and technology-based solutions to address business challenges. For over two decades, our IT professionals and consultants have helped more than 100 medium-sized, Fortune 500 and 1000 companies succeed with robust business process and technology solutions. Our experts focus on devising solutions that use industry leading software, making us best-in-class in our core practice areas: Application Development; Data and Analy... read more
Tech Data connects the world with the power of technology. Our end-to-end portfolio of products, services and solutions, highly specialized skills, and expertise in next-generation technologies enable channel partners to bring to market the products and solutions the world needs to connect, grow and advance. Tech Data is ranked No. 88 on the Fortune 500® and has been named one of Fortune's World's Most Admired Companies for 10 straight years.
QuadraNet was originally formed in 2001 as a telecommunications provider in Los Angeles and the surrounding areas. As our client base grew, we adapted to the evolving industries and expanded our service offerings over time to encompass a larger variety of Internet-based products and services. We eventually grew to become a full-service data center provider, providing colocation, dedicated servers, cluster management, and complex hosting solutions. Over the past decade, with the assistance of very talented individuals, QuadraNet has grown to ... read more
19. Iblesoft
Iblesoft Inc. is a full service software development, global resource placement and business consulting firm based in Doral, FL. Iblesoft provides state of the art business consulting services and cutting edge technology solutions to companies of all sizes, offering them improved efficiency and profitability
Welcome To Creative Mindworks – We are one of the reputation management company in florida, our service are website design & web development, mobile app development and digital marketing. Our process is designed to foster partnerships between the client and marketing team to better connect with the consumer. This generates a cohesive and clear communications platform.
21. Vantage IO
We believe in delivering value using technology in creative ways. We expertly create web and mobile apps that people use and love. We specialize in minimum viable products or MVPs for startups and enterprise new projects. We create and deliver stunning technology solutions with quality, on budget and on time. Expertise in web/mobile applications, IoT solutions, voice skills and data analytics solutions following time-tested methodologies to exceed our client's expectations. We also perform consulting and advisory services on new an... read more
22. Dynamia
Customers expect an amazing product. The integration between systems and technology that excites our customers, is what makes the difference in Dynamia. We work with dynamic entrepreneurs, making your first product possible, faster and successful. We turn ideas into products, investigating, advising and building next-generation technological solutions, integrating software and hardware. For more than 15 years, we have worked with global teams, using swift and proactive methodologies to get the best solution. No project is small for us and we es... read more


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This quick and easy golden-grilled fish with a tasty sauce combines quality protein, healthy fats and fresh vegetables. Plus, it makes dinner a wholesome snap! Suitable for those following the MAF program — or leave out the honey for the perfect Two-Week Test meal.View recipe
Avocado is the ultimate super food, making this recipe perfect for a light lunch that's quick to produce.View recipe
A healthy, filling vegetarian staple of Italian cuisine best known for its rich umami flavors.View recipe
Curry is a combination of spices that carry a wide mixture of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. Combine them with the protein in shrimp for a delicious, healthy meal.View recipe
I love zucchini because it is delicious, easy to cook with, and has many vitamins and minerals with thousands of phytonutrients. When stuffed with meat and cheese it makes for a rich, tasty dinner.View recipe
Coconut oils are one of the healthiest fat sources around. Combined with shrimp and curry, they make a delicious dinner.View recipe
Combine turkey with spinach in order to get a delicious meal rich in protein and iron.View recipe
Like chicken, duck makes for a delicious meal and is an excellent source of protein. Try it out in this simple recipe that really brings out its flavors!View recipe
This tender beef dish combines lots of protein with the high vitamin and nutrient content of cauliflower.View recipe
Don't eat grains when you don't have to! Use lettuce leaves instead of tortillas to make a nice burger wrap.View recipe
Another great recipe using lettuce in lieu of taco shells! With the addition lamb and veggies it makes for an adventurous, gluten-free option.View recipe
A delicious way to harness the health benefits and alkaline properties of spinach, grapefruit, and avocado.View recipe
Avocado has some of the very best plant-based fats you can find, as well as a whole alphabet of vitamins. Combine with miso dressing for a tasty and nutritionally epic meal.View recipe
Shrimp have a generous amount of omega-3 fatty acids. Mixed with cabbage and a variety of veggies, they make for a tasty meal.View recipe
The pigment in carrots is full of the nutrient beta-carotene, which turns into vitamin A inside our bodies. Reap the many health benefits of carrot with this delicious, multicolored salad!View recipe
This recipe combines some of my favorite flavors and ingredients to create something truly special, and highly nutritious. You'll love it!View recipe
A simple arugula mix that extolls the flavor of the olive oil/balsamic vinegar combination.View recipe
Another rich and tasty way to get your daily dose of greens.View recipe
Egg drop soup is a staple of asian cuisine. It works marvelously as a light breakfast that lets you get protein, a bit of fats, and the vitamins and minerals of the added veggies all in one sitting.View recipe
A nutritious and flavorfully rich ketogenic marvel. Excellent for those wanting to improve fat-burning, endurance, or just want a delicious breakfast!View recipe


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The US and China are caught in a technological arms race, with companies on both sides investing heavily in cutting-edge solutions. Whichever superpower comes out on top could dominate the global economy for decades to come. Although the casual consumer in the West may not have heard much about Chinese businesses Baidu, Alibaba or Tencent (BATs), the Silicon Valley heavyweights of Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Netflix and Google (FAANGs) are certainly aware of them. Often categorised as FAANGs versus BATs, the battle for tech supremacy between the US and China will have ramifications that extend far beyond the businesses that are directly involved. The winner will not simply claim the economic spoils, but the ideological ones, too.
Read more: The New Economy


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Payment Methods
Credit Card Payments in Indonesian Rupiah
VISA and Mastercard payments are processed by DOKU MyShortCart, Indonesia's secure online payment processor. All transactions will be processed in Indonesian Rupiah (IDR). If you're paying with a credit card issued in Indonesia, all prices shown at checkout are final and no other fees will be charged. If you're paying with a credit card issued in any other country, your bank may charge you a cross-border fee and currency conversion will apply. We do not retain any of your credit card records. Credit cards accepted: VISA and MasterCard.
Credit Card and PayPal Payments in United States Dollar
For added convenience, we also accept PayPal balance and credit card payments through PayPal. All transactions will be processed in United States Dollar (USD). All prices shown at checkout are indicative and your bank and/or credit card issuer will determine the final exchange rate, unless your card is issued in the United States and you will be charged in United States Dollar. A PayPal account is NOT needed for credit card payments. All transactions will be handled securely by PayPal's processing system and we do not retain any of your credit card records. Credit cards accepted: VISA, MasterCard, American Express and Discover.
If you have a PayPal account in United States Dollar and select PayPal balance to be your source of fund, the prices shown at checkout will be the actual amount billed to your PayPal account.
Wire Transfer Payments in Indonesian Rupiah
Wire transfers can be made in person at your local bank or electronically through the internet banking facility of the bank of your choice. All transactions will be processed in Indonesian Rupiah. International/SWIFT and ATM Bersama/Prima wire transfers are also accepted. Please refer to the bank account information below.
|Bank Name
|Bank Central Asia
|KCP Kemang
Jl Kemang Raya no 60
Jakarta Selatan 12730, Indonesia
|Account name
|Linoluna Kreasi Global PT
|Account No
|2863 025 125
|ATM Bersama Code
|BIC/SWIFT Code
|Bank Name
|Bank Mandiri
|KCP Lippo Mall Kemang
Jl Pangeran Antasari no 36
Jakarta Selatan 12150, Indonesia
|Account name
|PT Linoluna Kreasi Global
|Account No
|126 00 074328 17
|ATM Bersama Code
|BIC/SWIFT Code
Payment should be made strictly within 48 hours (2 days) after an order notification is sent to your email address. If payment is not made and confirmed within 48 hours (2 days), your order will automatically expire. You may re-order but the availability of the product(s) cannot be guaranteed.
Although we may be able to identify all bank transfers made to our accounts, it is highly recommended that you confirm your payment, especially if the bank transfer does not originate from a bank account registered under your name. A payment confirmation is therefore required to ensure that your order will be processed in a timely manner.


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Inter-College Business Case Study Competition 2019 Registration
What is the Case Study Cohort?
Collaboration of students aiming to promote and excel at problem solving abilities to dynamic business case studies under the guidance of industry experts.
Business Case Study Competition
Inter college competition organised every year to test and promote student's knack to give solutions to real life business problems.


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10 Things You Dont Pay Attention To That Cause Spinal Pain
Almost everyone can relate to a moment in their life where they experienced back pain. The following discussion shows ten things to avoid in order to eliminate back pain.
Sitting With A Poor Posture
This is a very common cause of spinal pain. Sitting poorly doesnt result to immediate back pain but after some time it will start developing. A poor sitting posture spots proper blood flow to the back muscles. Unnecessary straining is the result. Pain starting from the neck and then heading down the back is a confirmation that poor sitting posture is the cause. A cervical spine stimulator is always the other option if your pain persists.
Smoking Cigarettes
Smoking majorly causes lung problems but it can also cause spinal pain. hindering blood flow to spinal discs is the main specialty of smoking. The discs, in turn, start aging prematurely and this results to pain. Maybe giving up on that cigar will avoid the need for a cervical spine stimulator.
A Wrong Mattress
In case you feel pain whenever you wake up then it is your mattress that needs to be blamed. Having an old mattress that is too soft means that your back doesnt get the right support as you sleep and this results to pain. Change your mattress to medium-firm in order to solve this problem.
Wrong Diet
Eating foods that are rich in fat and processed sugars causes inflammation that leads to gastrointestinal complications which eventually cause back pain.
Excessive Stress
When you stay stressed for a long time you can get backaches. Stress causes tension in back muscles and this is pretty bad since it eventually leads to spasms and aches. Yoga, meditation and enough sleep are some of the ways for you to avoid stress in your life. Upon trying the suggestions made and they fail you could try a cervical spine stimulator.
Wrong Shoes
Shoes that are very high alter your center of gravity causing you to be imbalanced. Walking while leaning forward is the result and this puts stress on your spine. As a result you start experiencing back pain.
Long Periods of Sitting Down
Walking and standing are the main functions that the human body was designed for. Sitting for too long subjects the spine to a lot of tension which causes pain. Try walking in between periods of sitting to release the tension.
Carrying Heavy Bags On the Shoulder
Heavy bags on the shoulder causes unnecessary pressure on the back. This forces the spine to assume an unnatural curve that leads to neck and back pain. Before leaving your home ensure that the weight of your bag is manageable. When the suggestion fails to give positive results a cervical spine stimulator can help do the trick.
Not Working Out Your Core Muscles
The spine is supported by the core muscles. If your core muscles are weak then it means that your spine does all the work. Straining that much causes back pain. Simple workout routines can help get rid of this pain.
Using Your Smartphone For Too Long
One needs to hunch over the screen in order to use a smartphone. Doing this for too long leads to back pain.
Avoiding all the above should help relieve your back pain and if that move is not effective you can always try out a cervical spine stimulator.


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Links Sort by: Hits | Alphabetical
| High Blood Pressure Symptoms - http://www.highbloodpressuresymptoms.co.uk
This blood pressure site is for people with high blood pressure and for their family and friends. It also describes the medicines that your doctor may give you to help lower your blood pressure. - [Read more]
| You Can treat it at home... - http://youcantreatit.blogspot.com/
Health care is changing rapidly. For various reasons, some natural remedies have been taken off the market or lost their popularity. Self treatments presented in this blog cover many common and mild conditions. - [Read more]
| Robin's Wellness Resource Center - http://www.wellness-bee.com
Description: Robin's Wellness Resource Center is an education-focused wellness resource center offering reliable information on a variety of health-related issues. - [Read more]
| Medical Reference for medical professionals - http://www.reference.md/
Reference site for medical professionals and biomedical researchers. Navigate Medical Subject Headings, find substances and pharmacological effects, look up FDA approvals and reported adverse effects, links to medical journals and full text books. - [Read more]
| Alcohol Addiction Help - http://www.alcoholaddiction123.com
AlcoholAddiction123.com provides information, tips and resources about addiction to alcohol and how to treat it. - [Read more]
| Ayurveda Information - Better Health - http://www.betterhealth.in/ayurveda/
Better Health blog providing detailed explanation on how some disease occurs and how you can diagnose these diseases. You can also find out how modern medical systems treats various diseases and prescribe treatments. - [Read more]
| Pregnancy Nutrition - http://pregnancynutrition.swellpregnancyguide.com
Articles, information and an online guide for pregnancy nutrition at Swell Pregnancy Guide, the best source for local pregnancy-related information on the web. - [Read more]
| Medical Help Online - http://www.simplyanswer.com
Get medical help online by a group of expert professional, they deliver you best medical consultation services anywhere in the world. All the queries entertained with in 24 hour. For more productive information visit us at simplyanswer.com - [Read more]
| Healthier Lifestyles Information Resource - http://www.healthierlifestyles.co.uk
Health exercise and nutrition guidance to enable users to begin to develop a healthier lifestyle. Food diaries, meal plans, goal specific exercise programmes and personal training services. Also includes supplement recommendations and online store. - [Read more]
| Houston Medical Job Search Engine - http://www.healthcareershouston.com
Health Careers Houston is a free medical job search engine where you can locate the perfect job that meets your professional needs. - [Read more]
| Botox | CosmeticSurgeryPreview.com - http://botox.cosmeticsurgerypreview.com
Botox cosmetic (botulinum toxin Type A) injection treatments smoothen out frown lines and brow furrows. Just one treatment consisting of a few tiny botox can temporarily smooth moderate to severe frown lines between the brows in people from 18 to 65. - [Read more]
| Weight Loss and Diet Pill Reviews - http://www.weight-loss-research-center.com
Weight loss product reviews, diet pill reviews and diet program reviews, weight loss advice and articles. - [Read more]
| Articles about health issues - http://www.about-health-issues.com
Health issue information, if you have a health care problem then you will find the answer here with our health information articles. - [Read more]
| chicago chiropractor - http://www.mckinleychiro.com
Welcome to McKinley Chiropractic - Your Chiropractic Wellness Center in Chicago, IL, USA! Please Click Here to Schedule an appointment Located on Irving Park Rd, in Chicago, the leading health professionals at McKinley Chiropractic are dedicated to helping you achieve your wellness objectives - combining... - [Read more]
| Zit Cure - http://www.zit-cure.com
Tips and advice for acne, how to get rid of acne scars, what to do about zits? Latest acne treatments and product reviews. - [Read more]
| Daycare Starting Guide - http://www.daycarestartingguide.info
DaycareStartingGuide.info offers tips, information and reviews for printable daycare forms, opening daycare, Bright Starts daycare, child care franchise, daycare floor plans and other issues related to starting a daycare. - [Read more]


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Student Project - Veer Magazine
Veer is an art house publication with a focus on unconventional travel destinations.
It is aimed at artistic and curious travellers. The black volcanic beaches of Iceland were the main inspiration for the cover. Inside, the destination explored is Oak Ridge in Tennessee, USA - a city that was shrouded in secrecy which lead to the creation of the atomic bomb.


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Archives by date
You are browsing the site archives by date.
PhD Student Vinoth Kumar Wins the Best Student Paper Award
Maria Holuszko's PhD student Vinoth Kumar was awarded the best student paper award at the "Cleanwater Clean Energy" Conference June 3-8, 2018 for the paper: SIMULTANEOUS EXTRACTION OF CLEAN COAL AND RARE EARTH ELEMENTS FROM COAL TAILINGS USING ALKALI-ACID LEACHING PROCESS. View more award winners here!
Koen Duineveld, BASc. '18, Mining Engineering
WHY DID YOU CHOOSE ENGINEERING? I chose engineering because I enjoy problem solving. Engineering would allow me to solve significant real-world significant problems. Making small improvements in large mining projects means making a significant impact on the overall operation performance. What has made your time at UBC the most memorable? The people I met. Mining […]
Posted in News | Tagged with Student Spotlight
Nadja Kunz, Assistant Professor, will be involved in a number of events over the next few weeks.
Nadja Kunz, Assistant Professor with research interests in Water, Sustainability, Private Sector, Mining and Metals will be involved in a number of events over the next few weeks. These include the following subjects: "Progressing water security in mining regions" | "Plenary 1: Tech & Peace: Canada's Knowledge to Accelerate the UN Sustainable Development Goals" | […]
Fall 2018 Graduation Photos
2018 Norman B. Keevil graduation photos.
Posted in News | Tagged with Graduation, NBK


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|Rock 'n Roll Express
|Season 2, Episode 18
|Air date
|November 3, 1987
|Written by
| Steve Mitchell
|Episode guide
|◄ Previous
The Presidential Dilemma
| Next ►
Mardi Gras
Rock 'n Roll Express is the eighteenth episode of the second season, and the 44th episode overall, of the Jem animated series.
Jem and The Holograms tour by way of a train so they can perform to small town fans and raise money for the Starlight Foundation. The Misfits are unhappy with all the coverage they are getting and decide to steal the spotlight by having a concert of their own.
While dropping flyers overhead from an airplane, the plane crashes and they have to get on Jem's train. The Misfits return their rivals' kindness by sabotaging them and accidentally putting the train on a runaway course, only to be rescued. Stormer then confesses that it was their doing that almost literally killed everyone, and they end up leaving in the end.
Songs featured
- "I'm Taking A Train" - Jem and The Holograms
- "It Takes Alot To Survive" - The Misfits
- "All Across This Country" - Jem and The Holograms
- This is the second time the song "It Takes Alot To Survive" has been played, the other time being in Island of Deception.


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A cloud-based service for single sign-on (SSO) authentication.
Integrations and Connectors
AgilePoint NX integrates in these ways with Okta:
- Authentication
AgilePont NX supports authentication with Okta.
The following requirements apply:
- AgilePoint NX PrivateCloud or AgilePoint NX OnPremises v7.0 Software Update 1 or higher
- Contact AgilePoint Professional Services
Related Topics
Okta Documentation
Use these to find third-party vendor documentation for Okta:
About This Page
This page is a navigational feature that can help you find the most important information about this topic from one location. It centralizes access to information about the concept that may be found in different parts of the documentation, provides any videos that may be available for this topic, and facilitates search using synonyms or related terms. Use the links on this page to find the information that is the most relevant to your needs.
Okta account, Okta, authentication, credentials, login, log in, logon, log on, sign in, sign-in, security, credential, account, sign on, sign-on


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This Cat Shamoji combines two things the Japanese love: cats and rice. As fans of Japanese and Asian cuisine will recognize, a shamoji is a type of large spoon used as a rice paddle. While there's nothing to stop you employing this cute kitchen utensil for almost anything, it will come in very handy for scooping up large servings of rice. Available in a range of colors, it stands up by itself by resting on the cat's legs and "growing" out of the cat's tail.
The Cat Shamoji Rice Paddle features:


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Employee engagement has been a hot topic in the workplace for years. It's probably because most organizational efforts to address the issue have fallen flat. The harsh reality that we, as leaders, must face is that we've been doing it wrong.
Yes, you read that correctly. It's time for those in leadership to acknowledge that we've simply been missing the mark. Somewhere along the line, we convinced ourselves that engagement was about perfecting the employee's circumstances in exchange for better performance. We gathered feedback from employee surveys, conducted team days away and offered other fun perks.


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Organic food products are always best options for your overall health. Organic health care products also offer with benefit to your skin texture and type. When searching the market you may come across numerous products that are manufactured using harmful chemicals. Harsh chemicals are used in different types of beauty care products that can damage your skin permanently. At the same time, manufacturers are also creating organic health care products that are best options for your skin.
Wide range of these products may include skin care lotions, tonics and creams that are designed to cleanse your skin from the inner side. There certainly are numerous reasons why these products can offer your skin with best health care treatment.
They offer with best care for your skin
Organic products are made to help rejuvenate your skin type. The moment you are making use of chemical based skin care products to cleanse the skin, it is obvious that your skin is more prone to absorb toxic ingredients. So most chemical based products are rich in toxic chemicals and ingredients. You can find many such products like handmade body wash for normal skin that are manufactured using toxic ingredients.
A major disadvantage of using such products is that they might have never been tested for its effects on all major skin texture types. This means that the effect of these products on your skin is never known till you actually use them.
They lack synthetic essence
The moment you come across a product that smells good it refers towards fragrance. There are numerous chemicals that are actually believed to having good smell, but it is advisable to select a product that has been approved and certified by authorities for safety.
You need to keep in mind that chemical fragrances can easily harm your skin type. It can lead to irritation and rash formation. Natural products on the other hand are clinically tested for its pH level. They are considered as being safe for any skin type.
In case you have purchased any product that is made up of organic ingredients then it may lack the fragrance factor. They have natural essence so it does not damage your skin cells. You can buy handmade body wash for normal skin that do not harm your skin.
Organic products offer better results
As the products are made up of organic ingredients so they are safe and wont damage the cells of your skin. They are all made up of ingredients that are clinically safe for use. These are also the types of products that are used by manufacturers in most food products. Even if inhaled or ingested, still they may not tend to damage any internal organs.
Another major reason for selecting natural ingredients is that they are made fresh. Most natural products cannot be stored for many years and so they offer with best results on any skin type.
Apart from this, you also need to keep in mind that natural products do not harm the environment. They are very much eco friendly and can easily be recycled.


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- Home
- Who We Are
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|EANS Research Fund
EANS Research Fund
The Purpose of the EANS Research Fund
Diseases of the brain and spine are of major importance to patients, their families and society. There are 165 million Europeans with brain disorders, causing a global cost (direct and indirect) exceeding 800 billion euros for National Health budgets.
As the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies our focus is on neurosurgical conditions which include brain injuries, brain tumours, stroke, epilepsy, hydrocephalus and disorders of the spine. While advances have been made in the treatment of these conditions there remain many unanswered questions and major opportunities to improve treatment and outcome for patients.
Our mission is to achieve this through comprehensive research strategies including both basic science laboratory research and clinical studies including trials. Access to research funding from large grant funding bodies, for example, the European Union and national government agencies and charities is highly competitive and usually requires initial pilot research data. We are therefore creating a research fund to pump prime projects to enable the acquisition of the pilot data necessary to apply for more substantial funding. We propose to achieved this through the award of Euro 10000 seed grants for neurosurgical research projects.
We aim in particular to nurture young researchers. Our plans are to provide seed grants across the various neurosurgical specialties addressing the above conditions brain injury, vascular neurosurgery, oncology, spine surgery and functional neurosurgery. The seed grants will be available to neurosurgeons (EANS Individual Members) in all member countries of the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies to encourage European cooperation and collaboration. Both laboratory and clinical research projects will be eligible for funding. There is a maximum of one application per applicant.
Applying for the Grants
Application is now closed. Submission Deadline is 1st of March 2020. Click below to read all information about criteria, timetable.Research Fund 2020
Research Fund Grant Winners
See a list of the winners for 2018 and 2019, as well as their countries and subspecialty interests.Read More
Contact the Research Fund
EANS Past Secretary Peter Hutchinson is leading this initiative, but in the first instance please contact the EANS office.Contact the office


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I'm one of those "bad" people who has trouble remembering my passwords for all of the different websites and groups I belong to. By having only a few passwords, which are easier to remember, I am also compromising the personal data stored on these different sites. I have heard this lecture numerous times from my computer-techie husband…but truthfully, the idea of having to remember dozens of different passwords just stresses me out!
And then I found this book, Upgrade Your Life by Gina Trapani. She presented this great idea where a person chooses a base password and then adds part of the site name to create a unique password.
Let me give you a basic example…
You pick a base password like BEAR5 (maybe bears are your favorite animal and 5 is your favorite number). Then you sign up for a Google account…your unique password for Google would then be BEAR5GOO. Then you sign up for a Yahoo! account and that unique password is BEAR5YAH.
This way, you only have to remember BEAR5…but each different site that requires a password would have a unique password.
With a system like this, you wouldn't need to write down your passwords, and yet your accounts would be more secure. Just keep in mind, don't use your most public information for your passwords (name, birthdate, names of your spouse and children, etc.). But there are still plenty of other base passwords that are special to you but aren't really known to the wider world.
This idea has really intrigued me and I'm going to do it…change all of my passwords. Then I'm going to take down all of the sticky notes containing sensitive information that I have hidden around the house. My hubby will be so proud!
I'll report back on how it goes…


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Some Say That I'm A Dreamer, a photo by Lexia Barzane (www.lexiabarzane.com) on Flickr.
I haven't done a meme post for a little while now as I am terrible at keeping up with challenges on my blog! I thought i'd have another go today and am starting with my three SL wishes which is the next one that can be completed from Strawberry Singh's blog here.
Meme instructions: Share three things you wish for or about your Second Life. They could be things you wish from Linden Lab, things you would like to have inworld, things you would like to do, or any kind of wishes you may have. Link back to Berry's blog as well so everyone can see what your three wishes are.
So if I found a magic lamp my 3 wishes would be…
1.That I could be creative in Second Life. I take photos for my blog and clients but I really wish I could make something practical, particularly something in mesh. I had a go at making furniture a while ago but it looked ridiculously noobish that it didn't last long in my inventory. I see so much creativity in SL and I am not so secretly envious!!
2.That I was better at using Photoshop for my photos. I try and be a photographer in RL as well but am still not very good with Photoshop. I mainly use online sites like PicMonkey and Ribbet (formerly Picnik) for my photo editing as they include simple tasks like cloning, adjusting levels etc but to be honest I mainly use the sites for the filter layers which with a bit of tweaking can create awesome photos.
3.That when new residents joined Second life they undergo the same tutorial that we had to do when I joined 6.5 years ago. I almost didn't make it through the tutorial and almost gave up several times as you had to do certain things before you could pass to the next stage but it meant I understand how everything worked. Alternatively I would love for new residents to just learn some general do's and don't stand in the way on landing spot, don't keep barging someone stood still, don't beg etc etc.
The Outfit
Hair: !lamb. Love Potion (Mesh) – Refreshed Blondes Pack
Skin: Glam Affair – Shanna ( Europa ) 05 @ C88 September
Jewellery: [MANDALA]TEFUTEFU set_DIAMOND(wear me to unpack
Hands: Slink AvEnhance Hands Female – Mouse & Slink AvEnhance Hands Female – Relaxed
Top: [Cynful] The 'Shimmy' Top – Berry [MyAttic] @ My Attic
Shorts: ISON – pleated shorts (cream) @ C88 September


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Under Construction May 2011
Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
Length: 10mm, tail hairs over 20mm (Adorjan and Kolenosky 1969), 20-30mm (ASM #1) 10-13mm 45mm on tail (ASM #2)
Diameter Range: 37.5- 72.5 (ASM#1), 60-80 (ASM #2)
Medullary Index: 0.8-0.79 (ASM#1), 0.75 (ASM#2)
Medulla: Continuous and appearing in rows of three to four cells across the width of the medulla that are bubble-like, wider than tall, and connected at the farthest ends. The average width of the cells is 25 microns, and the length is 7.5 microns. The perimeter of the medulla appears as regularly occurring, continuous "M" shapes (ASM #1). Similar characteristics were observed in ASM#2 only the medulla appeared to have a more checkerboard-like quality.
A second guard hair from ASM#2 showed a continuous medulla where no features were observable, just a solid, thick black line running the length of the hair.
Color: Light purplish-red throughout the cortex and in between the cells of the medulla (ASM#1). Samples from ASM#2 showed some fibers with no pigmentation throughout, and others with a dense brown black throughout the entirety of the hair. One source says that the hairs are reddish fawn with a visible black band in the lower third. Secondary guard hairs may be reddish fawn at the tip, but almost black in the primary guard hairs. Tail hairs ought to be black near base and light fawn at the tip. Two fawn colored bands in middle (Adorjan and Kolenosky 1969).
Scales: Scales usually have very smooth margins that are about 7.5 microns in length on average. There are about two to three scales per the width of the fiber. The scales appear to be consistent throughout the length of the hair. Shingle-like scales near base that have a tooth or two at each tip, then becoming close together and wide with smooth edges near the middle and finally wavy with rough edges and fairly closely spaced near the tip (looking at images from Adorjan and Kolenosky 1969).
Length: 7-15mm (ASM#1) 8mm (ASM #2)
Diameter Range: 15 microns (ASM #1)
Medullary Index: 0.33 (ASM#1)
Medulla: Uniserial ladder with cells that are slightly rounded (ASM#1)
Color: Faint reddish/purplish color
Scales: Stacked crowns
Macro Qualities: White eye ring year round. Olive brown with flecks of black in the summer, redder in winter (Forsyth 1999). 11-13" long on average including tail, with a rusty-olive color on upper body and whitish belly and underparts. In summer, a dark strip on the side separates the upper rusty color from the white of the belly. Tail may be oranger or redder and have light tipped hairs (ADF&G 2008). Supposedly there is strip of white on the belly of all squirrels that has no underfur? (Bachrach 1953) Our taxidermy specimen is reddest along the top surfaces of back, head, tail. White underbelly and eye ring. Grey on cheeks and sides of neck. Sides and outsides of legs are grizzled gray and banded. Hairs at the tip of the tail are banded. (ASM #2)
Cultures: For example: An old Russian method for trade sewed squirrel skins into "plates" ie 4 lines and 14 across (56 skins) gives a product 42" x 45". A "six line plate squirrel" may be 60 skins made from five lines ten across and measure 29" x 42" (Samet 1950). Samet also refers to squirrel bellies and paws being sewn together and used for children's coats, carriage covers etc.
Notes: ASM #1 is from the ASM education collection pelt ring, ASM #2 is a taxidermy mount for the ASM eagle tree exhibit made by AARRKK Taxidermy.
Troubleshooting: Squirrels (Arctic Ground, Northern Flying and Red) have shorter guard hairs than the other rodents observed, with a length not exceeding 30mm except on the tail where it might reach 35mm on the arctic ground squirrel and 45 mm on the red squirrel. Underfur of squirrels also may have a distinct brownish tip after a seemingly colorless shaft for most of its length. Squirrels may also have intermediate sized hairs with long narrow interrupted or uniserial ladder medulla near the base until the shield where the medulla looks like tire tread. Distinguishing among the squirrels: arctic ground squirrel underfur has no medulla. Northern flying squirrel is gray in color? To distinguish squirrel from muskrat, observe the underfur. Often, muskrat underfur has a gray appearance to the naked eye with a hint of cool lavender purple. Under magnification, the underfur often has no medulla, or a few fibers will have an interrupted medulla.
Range: Forested areas (ADF&G 2008).
Names: Order Rodentia (the rodents) Chickaree, fairydiddle, pine squirrel (Forsyth 1999).


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gourmet vegan burger
Not just any old vegan burger though, this one is so posh It comes with Truffle Mac Cheeze and Caviar (plant-based of course!)
Caviar and truffles have long been favourites for those accustomed to life's finer things.
However, for vegans such posh nosh is usually a no-no - caviar typically consists of the pickled roe (or eggs) of fish. The good news is that 'The Mayfair' launched by burger brand Miami Burger, gives vegans the chance to enjoy such foods guilt-free, with caviar made from black kelp seaweed and black truffle-infused oil.
The first of its kind in the UK, the vegan burger also comes with fresh rocket salad and truffle-infused salt - a delicacy popular with celebrity chefs. Customers can order truffle-salted fries on the side.
With 95% of vegans considering themselves healthy eaters according to a YouGov survey, they'll also be pleased to know that The Mayfair contains 447 calories and under three grams of saturated fat.
Miami Burger's Food Development Chef, Tom Halford, who designed The Mayfair says: "This burger is ideal for those who enjoy something unique, yet still want to stay healthy. We cater to a discerning clientele in the first place: vegans. Among this group, there are many who still want to enjoy fine food, yet who find it hard to find what they're looking for. Our recent launch in Shoreditch means that city workers now have easy access to our burgers. We're sure the limited edition of The Mayfair will be a hit, as it's not only luxurious, but also healthy. Caviar and mac cheeze shouldn't go together on paper, but we were all surprised at how great the saltiness blended with the mild plant-based cheeze. With recent NHS figures predicting that obesity will double in the next two decades, we're keen to help the country quit its junk food habit. We can do this by offering alternative options to gourmet food, both vegans and non-vegans can opt for The Mayfair to maintain their healthy lifestyles."
The burger's raw patty alone contains just 0.6 grams of fat (that's before you grill it) . Two low-fat patties will be available for £3.39 in Morrisons from July and the brand also offers staples such as the Classic MB, with 87% less fat than a McDonald's Quarter Pounder without the cheese. The truffle-salted fries are oven-baked, not deep-fried reducing fat by 70% and healthy natural sweeteners are used instead of sugar.
Tom adds, "We want to make gourmet low-fat burgers the go-to option for time-pressed customers, starting with London's city workers, who are famously stressed and overworked. This is why we launched in Shoreditch, our goal is to help health-conscious professionals stay on top of their game.
"We can't wait to make a bigger impact when we launch in supermarkets next month."
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I'm Gilly, award winning journalist, travel writer and 12 x author. I'm published in national and regional papers / magazines.
September 2019


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The Dhola Maru is a romantic tale of Dhola and Maru in Rajasthan like Romeo-Juliet saga. In Chhattisgarh folk-tale, this story is entirely different than Rajasthan one.
The Dhola Maru story is deeply rooted in folklore and oral traditions. The story related work is available in prose and poetry as well as in mixed form also. 'Dhola Maru ri chaupai' a book composed by Kushallabh in 1617, in which he writes that the story is old one. some manuscripts in 1473 also describes about the story. 'Dhola Maru ra doha' is the edited text by Kashi nagari Pracharini sabha.
Rajasthani Version:
The Dhola Maru story is deeply rooted in folklore and oral traditions. The story related work is available in prose and poetry as well as in mixed form also. 'Dhola Maru ri chaupai' a book composed by Kushallabh in 1617, in which he writes that the story is old one. some manuscripts in 1473 also describes about the story. 'Dhola Maru ra doha' is the edited text by Kashi nagari Pracharini sabha.
Rajasthani Version:
This is a love story of Narwar prince Dhola and Poogal princess Maru. The couple is married in their childhood. Later the father of Dhola, the king Nal died and he forgot the marriage and married again to Malwani. Many messages sent form Maru to Dhola but all messages bumped off by Malwani.
A group of folk singers from Poogal visited the Narwar and Dhola learned about his first wife Maru. Now there comes a lot of hurdles from Malwani and Umar Sumar (who was keen to Maru). He arrived at Poogal and Dhola and Maru were united at last.
In return journey, Maru is bitten by a snake and in sorrow Dhola decides to burn himself as 'male sati'. But he was save by some yogi and yogini who claimed that they could bring Maru back to life. They played their musical instruments and brought back Maru to life. Umar Sumar again tried to kill Dhola, but however they escaped from there riding back on the wonderful flying camel and the couple along with Malwani lived happily ever after.
Chhattisgarhi Version:
In Chhatisgarh version, Dhola is the son of king Nal and mother Damyanti. Dhola in his previous birth is one very beautiful young man who was catching fish in the village pond through angle called 'gari' in Chhattisgarhi. Rewa, an exceptionally beautiful woman, who was daughter-in-law of some family in the village in her previous birth, came to fetch water seven times, expecting Dhola at least to say a word to her. However, when getting no response from Dhola, she broke her silent by reciting following verse which rhymes:
gari khele, gari khelwa kahaaye, au lambe mele taar, saato lahut paani aaye ga Dhola, tai eko naiee bole baat
[You are catching fish through angle like fisherman, and have put a long bait; I came to fetch water seven times, and you did not even bother to speak a single word!]
Dhola replied:
gari khelen, gari khelwa kahaayen, au lambe mele taar, tor le sughar ghar kaamin hai gori, ta tola eko naiee bole baat
[I am catching fish through angle like a fisherman, and have put a long bait; And because my wife at home is more beautiful than you, O Madam, that I did not speak a word to you!]
This reply pierced Rewa's heart like an arrow and filled it with ocean of remorse. Struck by heart-pinching reply, and rejection, she returned to her home and committed suicide by jumping into the well in her family garden called kola in Chhattisgarhi. When her soul reaches heaven, she is confronted by God there as to how come she returned to heaven before completing her actual duration of life-span. She narrates her story of being rejected by Dhola. So God asked her what did she want. Rewa replied that she wanted Dhola to be her husband. In reply to her request, God said that Dhola is already destined to be husband of Maaru, and thus Rewa cannot have Dhola as her husband for the life-time but only for 12 years. And the story turns to after-birth of Dhola, Maaru and Rewa, where Dhola and Maaru are married in the childhood.
Mother Damyanti keeps warning her son Dhola that he can go to roam around every para (caste-based locality) of the village except Malhin para (Malhin is the caste which sell flower and their main profession is gardening). However, Dhola does not listen to her and goes to roam around Malhin para and is there confronted by a parrot who challenges him by saying:
Tor dadaa ke naak chunavti, huchurrraaaa!
[May the nose of your father be marginally cut, Come On!]
[May the nose of your father be marginally cut, Come On!]
Dhola could not stop his anger, and using his catapult, hit the parrot. The parrot dies immediately and to his surprise appeared an exceptionally beautiful lady who owned this parrot. This lady was Rewa and the parrot was creation of her magic. She insisted that her parrot be made alive again otherwise Dhola has to live with her at her home. Rewa's father, Hiriya Malhin, and others in the village tried to convince her to let go the matter, but it was of no accord. Dhola is lovingly imprisoned at Rewa's house and started living as her Mister.
Meanwhile, Maaru reaches her age of youth and started missing Dhola. She sends various messages to Dhola through parrot and later through Dharhee (probably a human messenger). But both of these messengers were intercepted by Rewa through her Chhachhand (Eagle) and by other means. Finally, Maaru sends the Karhaa (a camel given to her by her parents as wedding gift). Karhaa managed to reach the village of Rewa, but was struck to sickness through magic of Rewa and lives in swamp area for twelve years and thirteen Poornimas (15th day of month where moon is lighted the most).
Maaru's geeyan [formal female friend] is married to one businessman (Baniya) in the town of Narour (most likely present day Nandour-Kalan near Sakti, National Highway 200, Jangir-Champa District, Chhattisgarh) where Dhola lives with Rewa. She had recently visited her maayka (maternal home) at Pingla (most likely one of suburb of then Malhar garh which is near Mulmula, National Highway 200, Bilaspur District, Chhattisgarh about 70 KM from Narour) and met her friend Maaru who had given her a love-letter to be delivered to Dhola. Maaru had requested that this letter should not be read by anyone else except Dhola as this has some very personal details which she wanted to share only with Dhola. On the eve of Vijay Dashmi (i.e. Navami before Dussehra), this friend of Maaru was combing her long hairs and watching out through the window. The Baniya was making some accounting report sitting nearby. The lady hears a weeping-sound in the midst of the drum-sound of Navami Dussehra celebrations. She asks her husband as to who are those people who might be weeping amidst celebration. Her husband replies that those people are king Nal and his wife Damyanti, who in their old age are wondering as to who will roam through city streets on chariot and receive the johar (greetings) on the behalf king from the citizens of Narour city as their only son Dhola is under house arrest at Rewa's palace. She immediately remembers of the letter that Maaru had given and requests her husband to deliver it to Dhola. But Dhola Kuwar is never allowed to go out. However, as the 12 years with Rewa are about to end; Dhola too feels a sense of uneasiness within and resolves to go out to receive the Johar. After multiple requests, Rewa gives in and agrees for Dhola's visit outside her home but puts a condition that she will also accompany him in khadkhadiya chariot (small chariot tied behind to a bigger chariot). Dhola convinces her that by seeing Rewa behind his chariot, everyone in the village will laugh at him and make jibes about his manhood and kingly authority. So finally Rewa agrees to stay at home and Dhola Kuwar is allowed to go out to receive johar on the occasion of Dussehra. Baniya was just looking for this opportunity to meet Dhola Kuwar somehow. And the story continues...
Folk Theatre
In Rajasthani folk theatre popularity of Dhola-Maru tradition is very much. The folk theatre of Rajasthan 'Khyal' belongs to one of the least researched areas of the arts in this region.
The above text courtesy from the website of wikipedia.org http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhola_Maru
In my collection i have a vintage post card of Dhola Maaroo. This is my vintage post card of Dhola Maaroo.