text:
Doug Murphy has added a couple of PR's to nbuilder.
Bug: Random generation of enums never includes the last enum value.
Feature: Add support for IPv6 addresses and MAC addresses to the
GetRandomstatic class which is used to generate random, properly formatted values for specific property types.
I was speaking with a colleague about the importance of reducing dependencies. I'll reproduce here some work that we did to streamline some code and make it easier to test and maintain.
Consider this snippet as our starting point.
public Employee[] GetEmployees() {
var url = MyApplication.Settings.RemoteApi.Url;
var auth = new Auth(MyApplication.User);
var remoteApi = new RemoteApi(auth, url);
var rawData = remoteApi.FindEmployees();
var mapper = new EmployeeMapper();
var mappedResults= mapper.map(rawData);
return mappedResults;
That's a lot objects or properties that will impact this code if they change for any reason. Further, when we attempt to write an automated test against this code we are dependent on a live existence of an API.
Law of Demeter
We can apply the Law of Demeter to reduce some of the dependencies in this code.
- Each unit should have only limited knowledge about other units: only units "closely" related to the current unit.
- Each unit should only talk to its friends; don't talk to strangers.
- Only talk to your immediate friends.
In practice this usually means replacing code that walks a dependency hiearchy with a well-named function on the hierarchy root and call the function instead. This allows you to change the underlying hierarchy without impacting the code that depends on the function.
Consider the following modifications.
public Employee[] GetEmployees() {
var url = MyApplication.GetRemoteApiUrl();
var auth = MyApplication.GetAuth();
var remoteApi = new RemoteApi(auth, url);
var rawData = remoteApi.FindEmployees();
var mapper = new EmployeeMapper();
var mappedResults= mapper.map(rawData);
return mappedResults;
I think we can do better.
public Employee[] GetEmployees() {
var remoteApi = MyApplication.GetRemoteApi();
var rawData = remoteApi.FindEmployees();
var mapper = new EmployeeMapper();
var mappedResults= mapper.map(rawData);
return mappedResults;
This is starting to look good. We've reduced the number of dependencies in this function by half by implementing a simple design change.
Dependency Inversion
We still have the problem that we are dependent on a live instance of the API when we write automated tests for this function. We can address this by applying the Dependency Inversion Principle
- High-level modules should not depend on low-level modules. Both should depend on abstractions (e.g. interfaces).
- Abstractions should not depend on details. Details (concrete implementations) should depend on abstractions.
In practice this means that our
GetEmployees function should not depend on a concrete object. We can address this issue by passing the
RemoteApi to the constructor of the class as opposed to having the method get the
RemoteApi instance through
public class EmployeeRepository {
private RemoteApi remoteApi;
public EmployeeRepository(RemoteApi remoteApi) {
this.remoteApi = remoteApi;
// snipped
public Employee[] GetEmployees() {
var rawData = this.remoteApi.FindEmployees();
var mapper = new EmployeeMapper();
var mappedResults= mapper.map(rawData);
return mappedResults;
With this change we have reduced dependencies even further. However, we have not satisifed the Dependency Inversion Principle yet because we are still dependent on a concrete class:
RemoteApi. If we extract an interface from
RemoteApi and instead depend on that then the DIP is satisfied.
public interface IRemoteApi {
RawEmployeeData[] FindEmployees();
public class EmployeeRepository {
private IRemoteApi remoteApi;
public EmployeeRepository(IRemoteApi remoteApi) {
this.remoteApi = remoteApi;
// snipped
public Employee[] GetEmployees() {
var rawData = this.remoteApi.FindEmployees();
var mapper = new EmployeeMapper();
var mappedResults= mapper.map(rawData);
return mappedResults;
Now that we are dependent on an abstraction, we can provide an alternative implementation of that abstraction to our automated tests (a test double) that verify the behavior of
GetEmployees. This is a good place to be. Our code is loosely coupled, easily testable, and does not easily break when implementation details in other objects change.
Rust is a systems programming language (think C-like) that makes it easier to perform memory-safe operations than languages like C or C++. It accomplishes this by making it harder to do memory-unsafe operations–and catching these sorts of issues at compile-time instead of runtime.
In order to accomplish this, Rust imposes some constraints on the engineer through the borrow checker and immutable-by-default types. I'm not going to write about those things here as they have been covered in depth by others.
My focus for this post (and other posts in this potential series) is to focus on other language features and idioms that may be unfamiliar to managed-language developers.
In my first post in this series, I talked about the fact that Rust does not have the concept of null.
No Exceptions!
Rust does not have the concept of exceptions or the associated concept of
try-catch blocks. This is because once you get code to compile in Rust you can be sure there are no errors anywhere… just kidding.
Instead, in Rust we use an enum type called std::result::Result<T, E> . The
T in the generic signature is the return result. The
E represents the type of the Error should one occur. The two variants of
Ok(value) and
Err(error)–are always in scope, similarly to the
Some(value) and
None variants of the
Option type.
A Naive Example
Consider the following made-up function:
fn find_data(i: u32) -> Result<u32, String> {
match i {
1 => Err("1 is not a valid value".to_string()),
_ => Ok(i*2)
This function accepts an integer and doubles it. For whatever reason,
1 is not considered to be a valid value, so an error message is returned instead. Notice that
Ok and
Err are used to wrap the return and error values.
Now let's look at how we would use the
Result type in a another function:
let result = find_data(5);
match result {
Ok(value) => {
println!("The result was {}", value);
Err(message) => {
println!("{}", message);
The type of
result is
std::result::Result<i32, String>. We then treat it like any other enum, matching on the variants and doing the correct processing.
Adding Complexity
Things start to get a little complicated if we have a series of potential errors. Consider retrieving some data from a database. We could fail to connect to the database, construct our query correctly, or map the raw data to our intended representation.
fn get_employee_by_id(id: i32) -> Result<Employee, DataRetrivalError> {
let connection = Database::create_connection();
match connection {
Ok(conn) => {
let raw_data = conn.execute("EmployeeByIdQuery", id);
match raw_data {
Ok(data) => {
Employee = Employee::from_raw_data(data)
Err(error) => {
Err(error) => {
Yuck! This is pretty ugly. We could improve readability by removing the nesting:
fn get_employee_by_id(id: i32) -> Result<Employee, DataRetrivalError> {
let connection_result = Database::create_connection();
if connection_result.is_err() {
return connection_result;
let connection = connection_result.unwrap();
let raw_data = connection.execute("EmployeeByIdQuery", id);
if (raw_data.is_err()) {
return raw_data;
let data = raw_data.unwrap();
This is better, but still pretty ugly. Fortunately, Rust offers some syntactic sugar to clean this up a lot in the form of the
? operator. The
? early return the result if it's an error and unwrap it if it's not. Here is the function rewritten to use the
? operator.
fn get_employee_by_id(id: i32) -> Result<Employee, DataRetrivalError> {
let connection = Database::create_connection()?;
let data = connection.execute("EmployeeByIdQuery", id)?;
Much nicer!
If the error returned from an inner function does not match the error type expected by the outer function, the compiler will look for a
From implementation and do the type-coercion for you.
Comparing to Exception-based Languages
Rust's error handling strategy does a great job of communicating possible failure modes since the error states of part of the signature of any function you call. This is a clear advantage over exception-based languages in which you (usually) have to read the documentation to know what exceptions can possibly occur.
On the other hand, it's fairly common in exception-based languages to have some root handler for unhandled exceptions that provides standard processing for most errors.
In Rust, adding error handling can force you to edit much more code than in exception-based languages. Consider the following set of functions:
fn top_levl() -> i32 {
mid_level1() + mid_level2()
fn mid_level1() -> i32 {
low_level1 + low_level2()
fn mid_level2() -> i32 {
low_level1() * low_level2()
fn low_level1() -> i32 {
fn low_level2() -> i32 {
top_level function depends on the two
mid_level functions which in turn depend on the two
low_level functions. Consider what happens to our program if
low_level2 is modified to potentially return an error:
fn top_levl() -> Result<i32, String> { // had to change this signature
mid_level1() + mid_level2()
fn mid_level1() -> Result<i32, String> { // had to change this signature
low_level1 + low_level2()
fn mid_level2() -> Result<i32, String> {
low_level1() * low_level2()
fn low_level1() -> i32 {
fn low_level2() -> Result<i32, String> {
This sort of signature change will often bubble through the entire call stack, resulting in a much larger code-change than you would find in exception-based languages. This can be a good thing because it clearly communicates the fact that a low level function now returns an error. On the other hand, if there really is no error handling strategy except returning an
InternalServerError at an API endpoint, then requiring that every calling function change its signature to bubble the error is a fairly heavy tax to pay (these signature changes can also have their own similar side-effects in other call-paths).
I'm not making the argument that Rust error handling is therefore bad. I'm just pointing out that this error design has its own challenges.
Error Design Strategies
While mechanism by which errors are generated and handled in Rust is fairly simple to understand, the principles you should use in desigining your errors is not so straightforward.
There are essentially three dominant strategies available for designing your error handling strategy for your library or application:
|Error Per Crate
|Define one error enum per crate. Contains all variants relevant to all functions in the crate.
|Error Per Module
|Define one error per module. Contains all variants relevant to functions in that module.
|Error Per Function
|Define one error per function. Only contains variants relevant to that function.
Hybrid Strategy
I don't think I have the right answer yet, but this hybrid strategy is the one I've settled on in my personal development. It basically creates an error hierarchy for the create that gets more specific as you approach a given function.
- Define an error enum per function.
- Define an error per module, the variants of which "source" the errors per function.
- Define an error per crate, the variants of which "source" the errors per module.
pub enum ConfigFileErrors {
FileNotFound { path: String },
fn load_config_file(path: String) -> Result<ConfigFile, ConfigFileErrors> {
// snipped
pub enum ParsingError {
fn parse_config(config: ConfigFile) -> Result<ConfigurationItems, ParsingError> {
// snipped
pub enum ValidationError {
RequiredDataMissing { message: String }
fn validate_config(input: ConfigurationItems) -> Result<ConfigurationItems, ValidationError> {
// snipped
pub enum ConfigErrors {
File { source: ConfigFileErrors },
Parsing { source: ParsingError },
Validation { source: ValidationError }
fn get_config() -> Result<ConfigurationItems, ConfigErrors> {
let file = load_config_file("path/to/config".to_string())?;
let parsed = parse_config(file)?;
This approach has many of the pros and cons of the other approaches so it's not a panacea.
- Each function clearly communicates how it can fail and is not polluted by the failure modes of other functions.
- No information is lost as you bubble up the call-stack as each low-level error is packaged in a containing error.
- The caller gets to match at the top-level error and decide for themselves if they wish to take finer-grained control of inner errors.
- Proliferation of error types.
- New failure modes potentially impact the top-level crate design (e.g., adding a failure mode becomes a breaking change requiring a major revision if you are practicing Semantic Versioning.
- It's not obvious how to deal with error variants that may be shared across multiple functions (e.g., parsing errors).
"I must not fear. Fear is the mind-killer. Fear is the little-death that brings total obliteration. I will face my fear. I will permit it to pass over me and through me. And when it has gone past I will turn the inner eye to see its path. Where the fear has gone there will be nothing. Only I will remain."
― Frank Herbert, Dune
That iconic passage from Frank Herbert is something I think about when I encounter code that engineers are afraid to touch. When an engineering team is afraid to touch a piece of code then the software is no longer "soft." Instead, current and future choices become constrained by decisions and mistakes of the past.
This fear will often lead teams to try to rewrite and replace the software rather than modify it. The results of this effort is almost always bad. Some of the problems you encounter during the Great Rewrite are:
- The legacy software is still running in production.
- It still gets bug fixes.
- It still gets new mission-critical features that have to be replicated in the new software.
- No one wants to cut over to the new software until it's feature parable with the legacy software.
- Feature Parability is hindered by the inability to modify the old software.
- If the cutover happens before parability is achieved, I've seen people express that they'd rather go back to the old and busted system because at least it did what they needed it to.
- The planning and engineering techniques used to produce the first set of software–and the corresponding rigidity that led to the Great Rewrite–have not changed.
- The Great Rewrite will ultimately go through the same lifecycle and have to be rewritten again.
These problems multiply if the authors of The Great Rewrite are a different team than the one that maintains the existing system.
What's the Alternative?
The alternative is to save your existing software. If you are afraid to change a piece of code, you need to take steps to remove that fear.
- Spend time with the code to understand it.
- Stand the system up in a test environment so that you can experiment with it to learn it's edge-cases and wrinkles.
- Before making any change, cover the test environment with black-box automated tests that can verify behavior.
- If the tests cannot be fully automated (sadly the case with some old "Smart UI" style applications), then document the test cases and automate what you can.
- Analyze the error logs to make sure you understand the existing failures in the system as well as the rate at which they occur.
- Make the desired change to the system.
- At this point you will have to be careful. You will need to do a post-change analysis of the error logs to look for anomalous errors. The first log analysis is your baseline.
- Once you are confident in the change, cover it with as many automated tests as you can.
- Once you have great test coverage, aggressively refactor the code for clarity.
This process is time-consuming and expensive. For this teams people try to find shortcuts around it. Unfortunately, there are no shortcuts. The path of the Great Rewrite is even longer and more expensive. It just has better marketing.
But I Really Have to Rewrite!
There are times when a rewrite is unavoidable. Possible reasons might be:
- The technology that was used in the original software is no longer supported.
- It may also be old enough that it's difficult to find people willing or able to support it–which amounts to the same thing.
- The component is small enough that a rewrite is virtually no risk.
- The component cannot be ported to the new infrastructure it is intended to run on (e.g., cloud, mobile, docker, etc).
In these cases, the process is the same as above–stand up a test environment. Wrap the old system in automated black-box acceptance tests. Limit yourself to targeting parity (no new features!) until the replacement is done.
Testing software is critically important to ensuring quality. Automated tests provide a lower Mean Time to Feedback (MTTF) for errors as well as enable developer's to make changes without fear of breaking things. The earlier in the SDLC that errors can be detected and corrected, the better. (See the Test Pyramid). As engineers on the platform we should practice TDD in order to generate a thorough bed of unit tests. Unit tests alone do not ensure that everything works as expected so we will need gradually more sophisticated forms of testing.
There are different approaches to testing software. This document chooses to articulate types of automated testing by the point in the SDLC at which it is executed and by what it covers. There may be different strategies for testing at each of these lifecycle points (e.g., deterministic, fuzz, property-based, load, perf, etc..)
|SDLC Stage
|Who Runs Them?
|Design / Build Time
|Single Application
|Engineer, CI
|In process, no external resources. Mock at the Architectural boundaries but otherwise avoid mocks where possible.
|Single Application
|Engineer, CI
|These tests will mostly target the adapters for external systems (e.g., file io, databases, 3rd party API's, 1st party API's that are not the component under test.)
Integration tests differ from acceptance tests in that they should never fail to an issue with an external service.
|Post Deployment to Test Environment
|Entire System or Platform
|Largely black box, end-to-end testing.
For bonus points, tie failures into telemetry to see if your monitors are alerting you.
|Manual UX Testing
|Entire System or Platform
|Engineer, QA, Users
|This testing is qualitative and pertains to the "feel" of the platform with respect to the user experience.
|Post Production Release
|Entire System or Platform
|Engineer, CD
|A small suite of manual tests to validate production configuration.
|Synthetic Transactions
|Entire System or Platform
|Black box, end-to-end use-case testing, automated, safe for production. These tests are less about correctness and more about proving the service is running.
|This is not an exhaustive list.
Emphasize Unit Tests
In general, our heaviest investment in testing should be done at the time the code is written. This means that unit tests should far outweigh other testing efforts. Why?
Unit tests are very low-cost to write and have very low Mean Time to Feedback (MTTF). This means they have the greatest ROI of any other kind of test.
The other kinds of testing are important but they get more complex as you move through the SDLC. This makes covering finicky edge-cases challenging from both an implementation and maintenance perspective. Unit Tests don't have these drawbacks provided you follow good TDD guidance.
TDD is the strongly preferred manner of writing unit tests as it ensures that all code written is necessary (required by a test) and correct. Engineers who are not used to writing code in a TDD style often struggle with the practice in the early stages. If this describes your experience, be satisfied with writing tests for the code you've written in the same commit until it starts to feel natural.
The activity of TDD consists of three steps:
- (RED) Write a failng unit test.
- (GREEN) Write enough productino code to make it pass.
- (REFACTOR) Now make the code pretty.
The unit tests you write should strive to obey the three laws of TDD:
- Don't write any production code unless it is to make a failing unit test pass.
- Don't write any more of a unit test than is sufficient to fail; and compilation failures are failures.
- Don't write any more production code than is sufficient to pass the one failing unit test.
Good unit tests have the following attributes:
- The test must fail reliably for the reason intended.
- The test must never fail for any other reason.
- There must be no other test that fails for this reason.
Further Reading
It's impossible to fully convey the scope of what you should know about test automation in this document. Below are some resources you may be interested in as you move through your career.
- Test Driven Development: By Example by Kent Beck
- The Art of Unit Testing: 2nd Edition by Roy Osherove
- Working Effectively With Legacy Code by Michael Feathers
- Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code (2nd Edition) by Martin Fowler
Rust is a systems programming language (think C-like) that makes it easier to perform memory-safe operations than languages like C or C++. It accomplishes this by making it harder to do memory-unsafe operations–and catching these sorts of issues at compile-time instead of runtime.
In order to accomplish this, Rust imposes some constraints on the engineer through the borrow checker and immutable-by-default types. I'm not going to write about those things here as they have been covered in depth by others.
My focus for this post (and other posts in this potential series) is to focus on other language features and idioms that may be unfamiliar to managed-language developers.
No Null
Rust does not have a the concept of
null. Consider the following declaration of a
let employee = Employee {
first_name: "Chris",
last_name: "McKenzie",
In this code sample, an
Employee struct is immediately created in memory. There is no option to create a variable of type
Employee and leave it unassigned. This might not seem terrible on its face, but what about data we don't have? What if we add a birth date field to the struct but we don't know what it is?
struct Employee {
first_name: &str,
last_name: &str,
birth_date: &str,
let employee = Employee {
first_name: "Chris",
last_name: "McKenzie",
birth_date: // not sure what to do here?
For this scenario, Rust has a built-in enum called
Option<T>. An option has two variants:
Some and
None which are automatically imported for you. To represent the above code, you would write this:
struct Employee {
first_name: String,
last_name: String,
birth_date: Option<String>
pub fn main() {
let employee = Employee {
first_name: "Chris".to_string(),
last_name: "McKenzie".to_string(),
birth_date: Option::None
println!("{:?}", employee);
struct Employee {
first_name: String,
last_name: String,
birth_date: Option<String>
pub fn main() {
let employee = Employee {
first_name: "Chris".to_string(),
last_name: "McKenzie".to_string(),
birth_date: Option::Some(<value>)
println!("{:?}", employee);
Since rust imports
std::Option for you automatically, the above can be rewritten without the
Option:: prefix:
birth_date: None
birth_date: Some(<value>)
Am I Cheating?
Wait! Isn't "None" just
null under the covers?
Well–no. To understand the difference, you first need to understand a few things about enums.
The members of an enum are called variants. Variants can carry data, and variants must be matched.
Let's examine what this means in practice for a moment.
Building an Enum
Consider the requirement that we represent both salaried and non-salaried employee types. The annual salary must be stored for salaried employees. The hourly rate, overtime rate, and normal hours must be stored for the hourly employee.
In managed languages such as C# you might represent that as follows:
public enum EmployeeType {
public class Employee {
public string FirstName {get; set;}
public string LastName {get; set;}
public DateTime? BirthDate {get; set;}
public EmployeeType Type {get; set;}
// should only be stored for Salaried employees
public double AnnualSalary {get; set;}
// should only be stored for Hourly employees
public double HourlyRate {get; set;}
// should only be stored for Hourly employees
public double OvertimeRate {get; set;}
// should only be stored for Hourly employees
public int NormalHours {get; set;}
This structure is fine but has the drawback that it's possible to populate the class with data that's invalid–e.g., setting the
HourlyRate for a Salaried employee is a violation of the business rules–but nothing in the structure of the code prevents it. It's also possible to fail to provide any of the needed information.
Obviously, you can enforce these rules through additional code, but again–nothing in the structure of the code prevents it–or even communicates the requirements.
I could do exactly the same thing in Rust of course and it doesn't look much different:
pub enum EmployeeType {
pub struct Employee {
pub first_name: String,
pub last_name: String,
pub birth_date: Option<String>,
pub employee_type: EmployeeType,
// should only be stored for Salaried employees
pub annual_salary: Option<f32>,
// should only be stored for Hourly employees
pub hourly_rate: Option<f32>,
// should only be stored for Hourly employees
pub overtime_rate: Option<f32>,
// should only be stored for Hourly employees
pub normal_hours: Option<u8>,
pub fn main() {
let employee = Employee {
first_name: "Chris".to_string(),
last_name: "McKenzie".to_string(),
birth_date: Option::None,
employee_type: EmployeeType::Salaried,
annual_salary: None,
hourly_rate: None,
overtime_rate: None,
normal_hours: None,
println!("{:?}", employee);
Ideally, we'd want to bind the annual salary information to the
Salaried employee type, and the hourly information to the
Hourly employee type. It turns out–we can!
pub enum EmployeeType {
Salaried { annual_salary: f32 },
Hourly { rate: f32, overtime_rate: f32, normal_hours: u8 } ,
pub struct Employee {
pub first_name: String,
pub last_name: String,
pub birth_date: Option<String>,
pub employee_type: EmployeeType,
pub fn main() {
let salaried = Employee {
first_name: "Chris".to_string(),
last_name: "McKenzie".to_string(),
birth_date: Option::None,
employee_type: EmployeeType::Salaried {
// one, MILLION DOLLARS! Mwa ha ha ha ha ha ha! (I wish!)
annual_salary: 1_000_000.00
println!("{:?}", salaried);
let hourly = Employee {
first_name: "Fred".to_string(),
last_name: "Bob".to_string(),
birth_date: Some("1/1/1970".to_string()),
employee_type: EmployeeType::Hourly {
rate: 20.00,
overtime_rate: 30.00,
normal_hours: 40
println!("{:?}", hourly);
Suddenly things get very interesting because we can express through the structure of the language what fields are required for which enum variant. Since all fields of a struct must be filled out when it is created, the compiler is able to force us to provide the correct data for the correct variant.
Reading our enum variant
match statement in Rust roughly corresponds to
switch or
if-else in C# or Java. However, it becomes much more powerful in the context of enum variants that carry data.
pub enum EmployeeType {
Salaried { annual_salary: f32 },
Hourly { rate: f32, overtime_rate: f32, normal_hours: u8 } ,
pub struct Employee {
pub first_name: String,
pub last_name: String,
pub birth_date: Option<String>,
pub employee_type: EmployeeType,
pub fn main() {
let salaried = Employee {
first_name: "Chris".to_string(),
last_name: "McKenzie".to_string(),
birth_date: Option::None,
employee_type: EmployeeType::Salaried {
// one, MILLION DOLLARS! Mwa ha ha ha ha ha ha! (I wish!)
annual_salary: 1_000_000.00
let hourly = Employee {
first_name: "Fred".to_string(),
last_name: "Bob".to_string(),
birth_date: Some("1/1/1970".to_string()),
employee_type: EmployeeType::Hourly {
rate: 20.00,
overtime_rate: 30.00,
normal_hours: 40
let employees = vec![salaried, hourly];
for item in employees {
// match on employee type
match item.employee_type {
EmployeeType::Salaried {annual_salary} => {
println!("Salaried! {} {}: {}", item.first_name, item.last_name, annual_salary);
EmployeeType::Hourly {rate, overtime_rate: _, normal_hours: _ } => {
println!("Salaried! {} {}: {}", item.first_name, item.last_name, rate);
I need to point out a couple of things about the match statement.
- Each variant must fully describe the data in the variant. I can't simply match on
EmployeeType::Salariedwithout bringing the rest of the data along.
matchrequires that every variant of the enum be handled. It is possible to use "
_"as a
defaulthandling block, but ordinarily you would just handle all of the variants.
Back to Option
The language definition for
Option is as follows:
pub enum Option<T> {
/// No value
/// Some value `T`
None is a variant with no data.
Some is a variant carrying a tuple with a single value of type
Anytime we match on an
Option for processing, we are required to handle both cases.
None is not the same as
null. There will be no "Object reference not set to instance of object." errors in Rust.
You can play with this code and run it in the playground.
Can This Idea Be Useful Elsewhere?
I've you've not spent a decent amount of time tracking down null reference exceptions in managed languages, this may not be that interesting to you. On the other hand, the Optional value concept can help drive semantic clarity in your code even if you're not working in Rust. I'm not arguing that you should stop using null in C# & Java. I am arguing that you should add the concept of Optional values to your toolbox.
The Optional library for C# provides an implementation of this time. It's worth reviewing the README. Java introduced the Optional type in version 8.
This is a bug fix release.
- Bug
Guid.Emptybeing incremented. Solution was to disable NBuilder's property name for static or read-only fields. Thanks to Dominic Hemken for the PR.
- Bug
CreateListOfSizehad undefined behavior when called from the static
Builderand executed on multiple threads at the same time. While the future of NBulider will be to remove the static builder, it's a defect in the current implementation. Thanks to Ovidiu Rădoi for the PR.
I consider myself an advanced beginner in Rust. There is still much I'm wrapping my head around–and I still get caught off guard by the "move" and "mutability" rules Rust enforces. However, in keeping with my personal emphasis, I've devoted my efforts to learning how to create automated tests in Rust. The below guidelines are not exhaustive, but represent my learning so far. Feedback is welcome!
Engineering Values
- Code should be clean.
- Code should be covered by automated tests.
- Tests should be relatively easy to write.
- Dependencies should be configurable by the components that use them (see Depedency Inversion Principle and Ports & Adapters)
Achieving These Values in Rust Component Design
These are great engineering values, but how do we achieve them practically in Rust? Here are my thoughts so far.
Required for Unit Testing
- The component should provide a stable contract composed of traits, structs, and enums.
- Structs exposed in the contract layer should be easy to construct in a test.
- All types exposed in the contract layer should implement
derive(Clone, Debug)so that they can be easily mocked in tests.
- This means that types like
failure::Errorshould be converted to something that is cloneable.
- This means that types like
Required for Configurable Dependencies
- The contract layer should not reference any technology or framework unless it is specifically an extension for that technology or framework.
- Every effort should be made to make the public api surface of your component as easy to use and understand as possible.
- The contract layer should minimize the use of generics.
- Obvious exceptions are
- Concepts like
PagedResult<T>that are ubiquitous can also be excepted.
- Using type aliases to hide the generics does not qualify since the generic constraits still have to be understood and honored in a test.
- In general this advice amounts to "generics are nice, but harder to understand than flat types. Use with care in public facing contracts."
- Obvious exceptions are
- If a trait exposes a
Futureas a return result, it should offer a synchronous version of the same operation. This allows the client to opt-in to futures if they need them and ignore that complexity if they don't.
- I understand that the client can add the
.wait()call to the end of a Future. My point is that an "opt-in" model is friendlier than an "opt-out" model.
- I understand that the client can add the
Example Hypothetical Contract Surface
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
struct Employee {
id: String,
type: String,
status: String,
first_name: String,
last_name: String,
address: String,
city: String,
birth_date: UTC,
// snipped for brevity
struct PagedResponse<T> { // exposes a generic, but the reason is warranted.
page_number: i32,
page_size: i32,
items: Vec<T>
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
enum MyComponentError {
Error1(String), // If the context parameter is another struct, it must also derive Clone & Debug
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
struct EmployeesQuery {
r#type: Option<String>,
name: String,
types: Vec<String>, // matches any of the specified types,
cities: Vec<String>, // matches any of the specified cities
type Result<T> : Result<T, MyComponentError>; // Component level Result. Type aliasing expected here.
trait EmployeeService {
type Employees = PagedResponse<Employee>;
// sync version of async_get()
fn get(id: String) -> Result<Employee>{
fn async_get(id: String) -> Future<Item = Employee, Error = MyCompomentError>;
// sync version of async_query()
fn query(query: Option<EmployeesQuery>) -> Employees {
fn async_query(query: Option<EmployeesQuery>) -> Future<Item = Transactions, Error = MyCompomentError>;
// etc...
A PM I work with asked me the following question:
"How can someone who is not close to the engineering read the tea-leaves about the engineering quality of a given project."
I love this question because it shows the PM cares about engineering quality despite not having engineering expertise. I'm much more accustomed to having to argue that non-technical folks should care about engineering quality. Now I have someone who does care and wants help knowing what to look for. How do I help this person? I have some starting ideas. Some of my favorite engineering manager metrics are easily adaptable for non-technical PM's.
- Does the team rely on manual testing? In my opinion manual testing adds little value. It's impossible to do a complete regression. There is no future benefit to the effort beyond the immediate release. It's slow. If you want to remove waste from the delivery pipeline, invest in test automation.
- What is the defect/user story ratio in the backlog?
- How often are new defects discovered and added to the backlog?
- How does the team react to the idea of asking for a near-zero cycle time for defects? To achieve this the team would need:
a. To have relatively few defects
b. To receive new defects on an infrequent basis
c. To have confidence that correcting any defect would take hours instead of days
e. To have deep knowledge of a well-engineered system so that the exact nature of the problem can be identified quickly
f. To have confidence that they can pass the system through their quality gates and get into production in less than an hour
The idea that you can have zero defects is sometimes shocking for both PM's and engineers to consider. It can be an uphill battle to convince them that this is achievable in reality. If your team can't accept this as a reality, see if they can accept is as a goal and move in this direction.
- Is Lead Time increasing? That could indicate that the team can not respond to work as quickly as it arrives. You will also need to know what Lead Time you want. If you want to plan your roadmap in three-month increments, your Lead Time should be between 45 and 180 days–depending on how often you update your roadmap.
- Is Cycle Time increasing? If so, it probably means the system is difficult to work in.
- Is Cycle Time close to Lead Time? If so, it could indicate a lack of planning, or an inability to work on the plan due to emergent issues.
- How long does it take to correct a defect in production? Ideally, this would be ~1hr from discovery.
- How much do we spend on support for this service through all channels? (E.g., service desk, engineering time, etc.)
This list is not exhaustive and none of these measurements would be conclusive on their own. As diagnostics however they could be quite useful to draw your attention to potential problems. Most would have to be tracked over a longer period of time to be meaningful.
If you've got ideas of your own, please leave them in the comments. This is an important piece of the communication between product management and engineering.
Avoiding Common Pitfalls When Getting Started With DevOps
If you're in the planning or early development stages of implementing CI/CD for the first time, this post might help you.
DevOps is all the rage. It's the new fad in tech! Years ago we were saying we should rely less on manual testing and fold testing into our engineering process. Now we are saying we should rely less on manual deployments and fold deployments and operational support into our engineering process. This all sounds lovely to me!
Having been a part of this effort toward automating more and more of our engineering process for the bulk of my career, I've had the opportunity to see CI/CD initiatives go awry. Strangely, it's not self-evident how to setup a CI/CD pipeline well. It's almost as if translating theory into practice is where the work is.
There are several inter-related subject-areas that need to be aligned to make a CI/CD pipeline successful. They are:
- Source Control
- Branching Strategy
- Automated Build
- Automated Testing
- Build Artifacts
- Deployment Automation
- Environment Segregation
Let's talk about each of them in turn.
Source Control
Your code is in source control right? I hate to ask, but I'm surprised by how often I have encountered code that is not in source control. A common answer I get is "yes, except for these 25 scripts we use to perform this or that task." That's a "no." All of your code needs to be in source control. If you're not sure where to put those scripts, create a
/scripts folder in your repo and put them there. Get them in there, track changes, and make sure everyone is using the same version.
It's customary for the repo structure to look something like
I also encourage you to consider adopting a 1 repo, 1 root project, 1 releasable component standard separating your repositories. Releasable components should be independently releasable and have a separate lifecycle from other releasable components.
Branching Strategy
You should use a known, well-documented branching strategy. The goal of a branching strategy is to make sure everyone knows how code is supposed to flow through your source control system from initial development to the production release. There are three common choices:
|Feature Branch
|Git Flow
|Commit to Master
Some purists will argue that Continuous Integration isn't happening unless you're doing Commit to Master. I don't agree with this. My take is that as long as the team is actively and often merging to the same branch, then the goal of Continuous Integration is being met.
Automated Build
Regardless of what programming language you are using, you need an automated build. When your build is automated, your build scripts become a living document that removes any doubt about what is required to build your software. You will need an automated build system such as Jenkins, Azure DevOps, or Octopus Deploy. You need a separate server that knows how to run your build scripts and produce a build artifact. It should also programmatically execute any quality gates you may have such as credentials scanning or automated testing. Ideally, any scripts required to build your application should be in your repo under the
/build folder. Having your build scripts in source control has the additional advantage that you can use and test them locally.
Automated Testing
Once you can successfully build your software consistently on an external server (external from your development workstation), you should add some quality gates to your delivery pipeline. The first, easiest, and least-expensive quality gate should be unit tests. If you have not embraced Test Driven Development, do so. If your Continuous Integration server supports it, have it verify that your software builds and passes your automated tests at the pre-commit stage. This will prevent commits from making it into your repo if they don't meet minimum standards. If your CI server does not support this feature, make sure repairing any failed builds or failed automated testing is understood to be the #1 priority of the team should they go red.
Build Artifacts
Once the software builds successfully and passes the initial quality gates, your build should produce an artifact. Examples of build artifacts include nuget packages, maven packages, zip files, rpm files, or any other standard, recognized package format.
Build artifacts should have the following characteristics:
- Completeness. The build artifact should contain everything necessary to deploy the software. Even if only a single component changed, the artifact should be treated like it is being deployed to a fresh environment.
- Environment Agnosticism. The build artifact should not contain any information specific to any environment in which it is to be deployed. This can include URL's, connection strings, IP Addresses, environment names, or anything else that is only valid in a single environment. I'll write more about this in Environment Segregation.
- Versioned. The build artifact should carry it's version number. Most standard package formats include the version in the package filename. Some carry it as metadata within the package. Follow whatever conventions are normally used for your package management solution. If it's possible to stamp the files contained in the package with the version as well (e.g., .NET Assemblies), do so. If you're using a zip file, include the version in the zip filename. If you are releasing a library, follow Semantic Versioning. If not, consider versioning your application using release date information (e.g., for a release started on August 15th, 2018 consider setting the version number to 2018.8.15 or 1808).
- Singleton. Build artifacts should be built only once. This ensures that the artifact you deploy to your test environment will be the artifact that you tested when you go to production.
Deployment Automation
Your deployment process should be fully automated. Ideally, your deployment automation tools will simply execute scripts they find in your repo. This is ideal because it allows you to version and branch your deployment process along with your code. If you build your release scripts in your release automation tool, you will have integration errors when you need to modify your deployment automation for different branches independently.
The output of your build process is a build artifact. This build artifact is the input to your deployment automation along with configuration data appropriate to the environment you are deploying to.
Taking the time to script your deployment has the same benefits as scripting your build–it creates a living document detailing exactly how your software must be deployed. Your scripts should assume a clean machine with minimal dependencies pre-installed and should be re-runnable without error.
Take advantage of the fact that you are versioning your build artifact. If you are deploying a website to IIS, create a new physical directory matching the package and version name. After extracting the files to this new directory, repoint the virtual directory to the new location. This makes reverting to the previous version easy should it be necessary as all of the files for the previous version are still on the machine. The same trick can be accomplished on Unix-y systems using sym-links.
Lastly, your deployment automation scripts are code. Like any other code, it should be stored in source control and tested.
Environment Segregation
I've written that you should avoid including any environment-specific configuration in your build artifact (and by extension, in source control), and I've said that you should fully automate your deployment process. The configuration data for the target environment should be defined in your deployment automation tooling.
The goal here is to use the same deployment automation regardless of which environment you are deploying to. That means there should be no special steps for special environments.
Most deployment automation tools support some sort of variable substitution for config files. This allows you to keep the config files in source control with defined placeholders where the environment-specific configuration would be. At deployment time, the deployment automation tools will replace the tokens in the config files with values that are meaningful for that environment.
If variable substitution is not an option, consider maintaining a parameter-driven build script that writes out all your config files from scratch. In this case your config files will not be in source control at all but your scripts will know how to generate them.
The end-result of all of this is that you should be able to select any version of your build, point it to the environment of your choice, click "deploy," and have a working piece of software.
The above is not a complete picture of everything you need to consider when moving towards DevOps. I did not cover concepts such as post-deployment testing, logging & monitoring, security, password & certificate rotation, controlling access to production, or any number of other related topics. I did however cover things you should consider when getting started in CI/CD. I've seen many teams attempt to embrace DevOps and create toil for themselves because they didn't understand the material I've covered here. Following this advice should save you the effort of making these mistakes and give you breathing room to make new ones :).


text:
- 4 beds
- 3 baths
- $848,888 price
- 1935207 mls id
Beautiful, expanded home sitting on a half acre property on a much desired, quiet cul-de-sac. The home features a spacious layout with 2 separate heating/cooling systems and 2 separate water heaters. The enormous master bath suite features a gym with sauna, master bath with radiant heat, fireplace and an office. The beautifully designed kitchen is equipped with high-end Jenn-Air appliances. The living room/dining area also has a fireplace. The park-like yard has a caribbean-blue, in-ground pool with a hot tub and 2 large decks with a sunsetter retractable awning. Thre is also a butler pantry for outside entertaining. It also has sprinklers and a GenRac Generator that will power most household needs in case of power failure. The paved, circular driveway adds convenience for families with numerous vehicles. There is SO much more this house has to offer; bring buyers for a tour!
- Site Link
- Style Other Style
Courtesy of: CENTURY 21 Calabrese Realty
Office Phone: +12019451070
Listing Agent: David Minichillo
Updated: 31st March, 2020 10:18 AM.
10 Fairfield Court Township Of Washington, NJ

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Samsung launches 85'" UHD TV
Samsung will be launching its new 85'" Ultra High Definition (UHD) Smart television, offering four times the resolution of Full HD, at the end of June 2013.
The screen is floating in a frame, providing a minimalist design from every angle, and featuring built-in speakers that offer concert-quality surround sound.
'"UHD delivers clear picture details to make TV viewership as immersive as possible. The difference in quality in fact, is something very few have been able to witness on a television and is definitely something consumers need to see for themselves,'" says Lance Berger, Head of Product Marketing TV/AV at Samsung Electronics South Africa.
In line with the launch of television, Samsung will be conducting a nationwide roadshow to give consumers the chance to view the image quality of the 85'" Ultra High Definition (UHD) TV, at selected shopping malls nationwide.
Currently retailing at R 385,000, a special introductory offer is available for 85 days ending on 24 July 2013 and includes several value-added benefits such as: a five-year exclusive warranty, free delivery and four years worth of hardware and software upgrades with the Samsung Smart Evolution Kit. Furthermore, all sales of this TV will include a pre-installation inspection at the consumer's residence where the Samsung service team will go through a detailed checklist with the consumer to ensure that the installation and delivery process runs smoothly.
Consumers can check out the TV at the following malls across South Africa:
Shopping mall
Activation date
Johannesburg: Sandton City
15 – 19 May 2013
Cape Town: V&A Waterfront
29 May – 2 June 2013
Durban: Gateway
26 – 30 June 2013
Johannesburg: Hyde Park
3 – 7 July 2013
Pretoria: Woodlands
10 – 14 July 2013
Planet Radio TV tune in on any device
Planet Radio TV plans to be Africa's first online broadcaster that allows its listeners to watch via Internet and satellite TV as well as listen via FM or Internet radio. SEAN BACHER visits its studios.
Planet Radio TV (PRTV) is broadcast much like any other terrestrial radio station, allowing its users to tune into it with a standard FM tuner. But its owner, Planet Image Productions, is about to launch two other means of tuning into the station.
In the coming month, MultiChoice will place a new satellite in orbit that will, by the new year, allow Planet to broadcast to subscribers via the satellite. Planet has also announced the PRTV app, which can be downloaded to Apple, BlackBerry, Android and Windows Mobile devices, allowing users to stream the content to their phones and tablets.
'"What makes this unique though is that our systems will automatically detect a user's connection speed and stream content in a format that suits that speed, says Planet Image CEO Wale Akinlabi. '"For example, someone connecting through 3G will be able to view high-definition video and hear high-definition audio. A user with a slower connection will still be able to view and listen to the station, but at a lower quality.'"
This, he believes, will eliminate the buffering issue which discourages many users from streaming video and audio to their devices.
The radio station comprises 80% African music, with the remainder being international, and is targeted at Africa's youth.
'"At PRTV we intend to change the way consumers view, listen and interact with television, radio and Internet mediums,'" says Mabel Mabaso, chief operations officer and director at Planet Image. '"It is an exciting platform that synchronises three mediums, providing opportunities for consumers and advertisers alike.'"
Planet RadioTV differentiates itself from other local broadcasters with its clever use of software and hardware. Planet Image uses a high-definition video-graphics (HDVG) rendering program, designed by Orad, an Israeli company specialising in TV production software. This software suite, combined with four Panasonic high-definition cameras, is able to detect and focus on a person's voice. When the camera fixes on a voice, that camera is automatically activated and begins broadcasting. Should someone else begin talking, a separate camera will detect the voice and focus on that person.
The software controlling the cameras also performs basic video editing. Mabaso says that, although the initial cost of the equipment was more than that of standard cameras, it will prove well worth it, as it eliminates the need for a dedicated cameraman filming the show in the studio.
'"Another payoff is that we don't need that much office space,'" she says.
Based in Randburg in Johannesburg, the studio is small in comparison to most others and the control room is just big enough for one person.
'"The control room merely serves as a back-up should one of the cameras fail. It also allows us to control when and where visual adverts appear.'"
The system is also tightly integrated with applications like Skype.
'"We can interview someone overseas without having to send a crew there to perform recording. We simply communicate via Skype, making the interviewee's Internet camera an extension of our own in-studio cameras.'"
Besides featuring local and international music, the station has regular fashion, food and cooking, music and culture segments, which are broadcast to around 30 000 listeners around Africa.
Rounding up the technology aspect, PRTV has integrated Twitter and Facebook, allowing its listeners to interact with DJs.
Listeners can tune into Planet Radio TV by logging onto www.planetradio.co.za
* Follow Sean Bacher on Twitter on @SeanBacher
Canon EOS M – small and simple
Canon has extended the EOS range with the EOS M, its first compact system camera. Although not yet available in South Africa, the EOS M offers DSLR quality images and full HD recording in a compact, easy to use device.
Canon has expanded the EOS range with the launch of the EOS M. The company's first ever compact system camera (CSC), the EOS M offers DSLR-quality imaging and full HD movie creation in a compact and easy-to-use model.
The EOS M is available in sleek black, glossy white, stylish silver or bold red colours, and condenses Canon's EOS imaging heritage into a stylish, compact design. The model launches alongside two new lenses, the EF-M 22mm f/2 STM pancake and the EF-M 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS STM standard zoom, as well as a new compact EX Speedlite the Speedlite 90EX. For those who want to push their images even further, the EOS M can also use Canon's range of EF lenses with the new Mount Adapter EF-EOS M, for even more creative freedom.
The quality of a Canon DSLR
The EOS M's high-resolution, 18 megapixel APS-C hybrid CMOS sensor also allows you to blur the background for beautiful portraits, or for close-ups with impact.
With the inclusion of Canon's DIGIC 5 processor, colours ''pop' and skin tones are beautifully natural, while a super-fast shutter allows you to capture split-second action.
Shoot what you see and easily express your creative vision
Every aspect of the EOS M has been designed to make it simple to capture high-quality images. With the high-resolution, 7.7cm (3.0'"), Clear View LCD II Touch screen, the EOS M gives you as much or as little control over your photos as desired. Simply select different shooting modes and settings via the on-screen icons, or let Scene Intelligent Auto adjust the camera settings according to the subject and shooting conditions, leaving you free to focus on composition and selecting the perfect moment to hit the shutter release button.
Turn film-maker with EOS Movie and Video Snapshot
When a moment calls for more than a still image, the EOS M lets you switch to Full HD video with stereo sound.
Extending the EOS System with dedicated accessories
In addition to compatibility with Canon's existing EF lenses, accessories and Speedlites, the EOS M launches with its own range of accessories. Two new EF-M lenses offer portability and high performance when using the new model the EF-M 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS STM standard zoom and the EF-M 22mm f/2 STM pancake lens. Both feature new stepper motor technology for exceptionally smooth AF performance, as well as precision Canon optics, while their compact designs offer the perfect form-factor to complement the camera's pocket-sized body.
Additionally, the EOS M will ship with the new Speedlite 90EX flash unit as standard. Lightweight and highly-compact, it offers a maximum guide number of nine and supports wide-angle lenses, making it an ideal general-purpose flash for everyday use. A wireless master function also allows the control of multiple flash guns wirelessly, allowing more advanced users to experiment with a range of creative lighting effects.
EOS M key features
· The quality of a digital SLR in a compact body
· Scene Intelligent Auto
· Be versatile with interchangeable lenses
· Create out-of-focus backgrounds for high impact
· Easy-to-use touch-screen
· Atmospheric photos in low light
· Full-HD video with Video Snapshot Mode


text:
Numbers 35:1 And the Lord spake vnto Moses in the feldes of Moab by Iordan ouer agaynst Ierycho sayinge: Numbers 35:2 commaunde the chyldren of Israell, that they geue vnto the Leuites of the enheritaunce of their possessyon: cytyes to dwell in. And ye shall geue also vnto the cytyes of the Leuites, suburbes rounde aboute them. Numbers 35:3 The cytyes shalbe for them to dwell in, & the suburbes for their catell, possession & all maner beastes of theirs. Numbers 35:4 And the suburbes of the cyties which ye shall geue vnto the Leuites, shall reache from the wall of the cytie outwarde, a thousande cubites rounde aboute. Numbers 35:5 And ye shall measure without the cytie, and make the vtmost border of þe eastsyde: two thousande cubytes, And the vtmost border of þe southside: two thousande cubites. And the vtmost border of the westsyde: two thousand cubites: & the vtmost border of the northside: two thousande cubytes also: & the cytie shalbe in the myddes. And these shall be the suburbes of their cyties.
Numbers 35:6 And among the cyties which ye shal geue vnto the Leuites, there shall be syxe cytyes of fraunches which ye shall geue to that intent that he which kylleth, maye flye thyther And to them ye shall adde .xlij. cyties mo: Numbers 35:7 so that all the cyties whyche ye shall geue the Leuites shalbe .xlviij. wyth theyr suburbes. Numbers 35:8 And of the cyties whyche ye shall geue oute of the possessyons of the chyldren of Israel, ye shall geue many out of theyr possessyons that haue moche and fewe out of their possessyons that haue lytle: so that euery trybe shal geue of hys cityes vnto the Leuites, accordynge to the enheritaunce whyche he enhereteth.
Numbers 35:9 And the Lord spake vnto Moses saying: Numbers 35:10 speake vnto the chyldren of Israell and saye vnto them: when ye be come ouer Iordan into the land of Canaan, Numbers 35:11 ye shall buylde cities which shalbe preuyleged townes for you: þt he which sleeth a man vnwares may flye thither. Numbers 35:12 And the cities shalbe to flee from the executer of bloude, þt he which kylled dye not, vntyll he stande before the congregacyon in iudgement. Numbers 35:13 And of these .vi. fre cyties which ye shall geue Numbers 35:14 .iij. ye shall geue on thys syde Iordan and .iij. in the lande of Canaan. Numbers 35:15 And these syxe free cytyes shalbe for the chyldren of Israell and for the straunger and for him that dwelleth among you, that al they whyche kyll any persone vnwares, maye flee thyther. Numbers 35:16 If any man smyte another with a wepon of yeron that he dye, then he is a mutherer, and shall dye for it. Numbers 35:17 If he smyte him with a throwynge stone that he dye therwyth, then he shall dye: For he is a murtherer and shalbe slayne therfore. Numbers 35:18 If he smyte him wyth a hand wepon of wood that he dye therwyth then he shall dye: for he is a murtherer & shal be slayne therfore. Numbers 35:19 The iustice of bloude shall slee the murtherer, assone as he findeth him: Numbers 35:20 If he thrust at him of hate, or hourle at him with lying of wayte that he dye or smyte hym with his hande of enuy that he dye, Numbers 35:21 he þe smot him shal dye, for he is a murtherer. The iustyce of bloude shall slee hym as soone as he fyndeth hym. Numbers 35:22 But and yf he pushed hym by chaunce & not of hate or cast at hym with any maner of thynge and not of layinge of wayte: Numbers 35:23 or cast any maner of stone at him that he dye therwith, and sawe him not: And he cast it vpon hym and he dye, but was not hys enemye, nether sought him any harme: Numbers 35:24 Then the congregacion shall iudge betwene the sleer, and the executer of bloud in soche cases. Numbers 35:25 And the congregracion shal deliuer the sleer out of the hande of the iudge of bloude, & shall restore hym agayn vnto the franchesed cytye, whether he was flead. And he shall byde there vnto the deth of the hye preast whych was anoynted with holy oyle. Numbers 35:26 But and yf he came wythout the borders of hys preuileged citie whether he was fled, Numbers 35:27 yf the auenger of bloud fynde hym without the borders of his fre towne, he shall slee the murtherer and be gyltlesse, Numbers 35:28 because he should haue bydden in hys fre towne vntyll the death of the hye preaste, and after the deth of the hye preaste, he shall retourne agayn vnto the land of his possession. Numbers 35:29 And thys shalbe on ordinaunce and a law vnto you, among your chyldren after you in all youre habitacions. Numbers 35:30 Whosoeuer sleith, shalbe slayne at the mouth of wytnesses. For one witnesse shal not answere agaynst one persone to put him to death.
Numbers 35:31 Moreouer ye shall take none amendes for the lyfe of the murtherer whyche is worthy to dye: But he shall be put to death. Numbers 35:32 Also ye shall take none attonement for hym that is fled to a fre cytie, that he shoulde come agayne and dwell in the lande before the death of the hye Preaste. Numbers 35:33 And se that ye polute not the lande whych ye are in, for bloud defyleth the lande. And the lande can none otherwyse be clensed of the bloude that is shed therin, but by the bloude of hym that shed it. Numbers 35:34 Defyle not therfore the land whyche ye inhabyte, and in the myddes of whych I also dwel among the chyldren of Israel.


text:
"All this week... on the Linux Action Shooooow!!!"
"So just who is Bryan Lunduke?' That, sir, is a great question. 'Bryan Lunduke is a podcaster, software developer, gamer, comic book nerd and general geek living near Seattle, WA. 'Creator and writer of the "Road-Sign Hank" series of comic books and the "2299" webcomic. 'Co-Founder of Radical Breeze and developer of way too many pieces of software for an almost stupid number of platforms. Including Illumination Software Creator (a cross platform visual software creation tool that is designed for non-programmers). "Taken From Bryan Blog Lunduke.com-Bryan lunduke
Bryan hosted the Linux Action Show with Chris except for a time in season 19 he went on his sabbatical.
Bryan's last appearance on the network was Season 22 Episode 8 of the Linux Action show, after which he retired from podcasting for the network permanently.
Previously, Bryan has also been a host of Beer is Tasty, CastaBlasta, STOked and Bryan Lunduke's Jupiter Files. He has also made guest host appearances on Jupiter@Nite.
- Bryan once appeared in a high school production of "Fiddler on the Roof" with Jeremy.
- Bryan once unknowingly shaved with the trimmer that Chris uses for mansculpting.
- A picture of Bryan has become a Meme in the Jupiter Broadcasting community, having been photoshopped onto the bodies of other people (Indiana Jones for example) and has gained immortality on one of the Minecraft Servers.
- "All this week... on the Linux Action Shooooow!!!"
- "The Lovely Danica Patrick."
- "This show is presented in Mega Stereo Sound!"
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.


text:
Tunneling set to begin at Maple Leaf Portal
Publish Date
Next week, the first of two tunnel boring machines is scheduled to start chewing it's way south from the Maple Leaf Portal site to the Roosevelt Station construction site. Crews are conducting final tests on the TBM to make sure it's ready for its approximately six month journey to its first pit stop at the Roosevelt site.
Crews are now assembling the second TBM at the Maple Leaf Portal. The second machine is scheduled to launch in late summer/early fall.
With the start of tunnel excavation comes an uptick in dirt hauling trucks. Drivers along First Avenue NE should use extra caution and watch for trucks and trailers.


text:
by Ryan Morgan
Senior Associate Recruiter at Charles Aris Inc.
Finance professionals are a dime a dozen. Talented individuals in the field of finance are strewn across the world and across all industries. So finding finance leaders should be easy, and this is what most organizations think. However, that thinking is off base.
Because there are so many finance professionals, finding the best of the best becomes that much more critical – and, therefore, that much more difficult. The function of finance goes far beyond handling "the numbers" of a company; it includes the ability to balance both the short-term and long-term financial goals of an organization with how each functional area of a company affects the organization's overall ability to reach those goals.
All finance leaders worth their salt have a core set of skills. They have the ability to read financial statements; they can analyze numbers; and they know how to drive value to the bottom line.
But to find the finance leaders who can go beyond the numbers and drive true enterprise value, it is necessary for organizations to define the individual qualities and functional areas which matter most to them. What a company values in its finance leaders depends on its size, industry, ownership structure and strategic goals. Regardless of how those factors play out in any particular organization, there are four traits which should be pursued in any search for an outstanding finance leader:
- Integrity
- Communication
- Vision
- Confidence
Now that we have identified the key elements of an outstanding finance leader, we must figure out how to identify these traits in a potential candidate.
This is a given for any leader, but for a finance professional it is imperative. All organizations know this, but it is a hard quality to define when searching in the marketplace. You can begin to reveal the layers of a person's integrity – for example, how a potential leader might handle boom-or-bust situations – through in-depth, behavioral and situation-based questioning revolving around proactivity / reactivity; eagerness to deliver news; and scenario analysis.
Strong communication isn't always a given for a finance leader. There are many talented finance professionals who simply miss the mark when it comes to effectively communicating across various levels of an organization. A top-flight finance leader must be as comfortable communicating in the boardroom as she is on the shop-room floor. So how does one best assess an individual's ability to communicate to all, from executives to the rank and file? Through in-depth and comprehensive reference checks with superiors, peers and subordinates.
A leader without vision is like a ship without a captain. Vision doesn't just come from a company's president or chief executive officer. A strong finance leader must also be able to understand, influence and communicate an organization's vision – and to see the forest for the trees. An outstanding finance professional must be able to see the turns in the road well before the company gets there, and must be able to figure out how to keep the business moving forward. How do we figure out if a finance leader has vision? By asking detailed, specific questions focused on the core competencies which are most important to a particular organization. Digging deep into critical areas helps identify how a potential leader views strategic objectives and how they might evaluate specific challenges.
A good leader is a confident leader and a confident leader has the potential to become a great leader. Confidence in making key financial decisions is imperative. One significant sign of a good leader is the ability to make a decision with confidence and stick to it even if the rest of the team is unsure. Thorough reference checks can reveal much about a candidate's confidence in past decisions and actions – and case studies or financial presentations can bring to light the quality of a finance leader's ability to analyze a situation and make a sound judgment call.


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Meeting Minutes – 1/5/2005
Order of the Silver Gryphon, Meeting Minutes for Restday, day 2 of the month Lormesta in the year 5105.
Members in attendance: Sir Cryheart, Sir Eahlstan, Dame Deavon, Sir Kinshack, Kriztian, Sir Morgiest, Mourdeyan, Shirkon, Xanith, Dame Yviara
Guests in attendance: Evelith
Sir Cryheart facilitated the meeting.
I. Squire Issues
No squires, no issues!
Except this: since Mourdeyan was our lucky first candidate to go through our new ceremony, we learned that it takes too long for one night. So from this point forward, it's advised to separate the inquisition and trial by combat phases into separate evenings.
II. Northern Fury Event this month:
Lady Evelith of the Northern Fury arrived to inform us of a Charity Auction and Ball hosted to aid the survivors of the vreen morph invasions. Donations will be on the 9th and 11th, and the auction will be the 15th. The ball is on the 18th where all the funds will be donated to Icemule and given to Councilman Larchus.
The collection point for donations will be on the West Road of Icemule in front of their hall, near the drunk halfling who never moves.
An invitation was extended to the Gryphons to attend any and all events.
III. Bridge Building
Shirkon announced on behalf of forgemaster Clunk from the Toadstool Society that they will be holding a contest to design a bridge for the trail to the Nations to replace the rope bridge. They are collecting donations for the event and have asked for any help as can be donated to ensure a proper bridge is designed. It's expected that the bridge will be constructed over the course of the next year and funding is still to be determined. The Gryphons will take a look at the coffers and determine what is a feasible donation to offer for this effort.
We have also been invited to contribute our own design if we wish.
IV. Temple to L'Naere
A couple of Aelotians by the name of Kralf and Tese are collecting bricks to build a temple to L'Naere, the patron Arkati of the Aelotoi. If you find any bricks, they'd be overjoyed to take them from you. They spend a lot of time outside of Hearthstone.
V. Town Hall Organization
The Gryphons have met the criteria for tier two and are now ready to begin working on the third tier. We have a clean slate and will need six events held over the course of the year to get to the third tier.
Already a lot of great ideas started flowing, now it's just a matter of people stepping forward to organize and execute events. Go to town!
VI. Meeting Calendar
Kriztian and Sir Cryheart will work on arranging a tentative calendar for the whole year annotating our meeting dates so we have something as a basis.
VII. Appointed Positions
All appointed positions will remain fixed with the exception of the scribe. The new scribe will be assigned to anyone truly passionate about it, but in the meantime Sir Kinshack will take on minutes duties.
VIII. The Griffin Sword
Morvule has been acting up lately, particularly in Solhaven and Bonespear. Be on guard when traveling the environs!
Next meeting in two weeks on the 16th.


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11 Oct 2018
ADP Appointed to North-Eastern Universities Framework
ADP is thrilled to have been appointed to both architects' lots of the Construction Professional Services Framework for North-Eastern Universities.
The five-year framework is a collaboration between five major north-eastern universities, intended to help deliver a number of major-capital projects. Durham University, Newcastle University, Northumbria University, the University of Sunderland and Teesside University have all signed up to the framework.
The projects will be delivered by our Newcastle studio, who have already completed work for Durham University, Teesside University and the University of Sunderland. This is an exciting opportunity for us to become involved in a range of projects, from new builds to major refurbishments.


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18555 Collins Ave #2803
- Sunny Isles Beach, FL 33160
- $4,300,000
- 3 Bed(s)
- 4.5 Baths
- 3,171 Sq.Ft.
Lowest priced 3 bedroom + den with 4.5 bathrooms priced for quick sale. Unit can come with optional 561 sq. ft. With the best floor plan in the building, 3503 is the obvious choice for a buyer that wants the best Jade Signature has to offer. 3503 is move in ready with 36x36 marble tile, designer closets, blinds, private elevator, 10" ceilings, open kitchen w/Gaggenau appliances and Snaidero Cabinets. Amenities included: in-ground-pool, beach service, Children's playroom, spa gym, Beach bar and grill and more. 2 Parking spaces+valet. Extra storage available.
The multiple listing information is provided by the MIAMI ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS® from a copyrighted compilation of listings. The compilation of listings and each individual listing are ©2020-present MIAMI ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS®. All Rights Reserved. The information provided is for consumers' personal, noncommercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing. All properties are subject to prior sale or withdrawal. All information provided is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed accurate, and should be independently verified. Listing courtesy of: Douglas EllimanReal Estate IDX Powered by: TREMGROUP


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- Home
- Oval Mirrors
- Contessa Framed Oval Mirror - Rubbed Bronze
- Home
- Oval Mirrors
- Black Oval Mirror
- Contessa Framed Oval Mirror - Rubbed Bronze
Contessa Framed Oval Mirror - Rubbed Bronze
A Contessa Style framed oval mirror. The classic one inch wide profile has four delicate medallions place around the top of the profile. The ornaments together with the frame profile provide a classic look. The Oval frame that holds the mirror is hand-finished in rubbed bronze. A beatutiful bronze color peeks through a matte black finish giving our rubbed bronze a distressed look. For additional details on the Contessa Oval Wall Mirror, see features and specifications below:
- Gallery Quality, Wood, Hand Finished Oval Frame
- Gallery Quality, Distortion Free Oval Mirror
- Easy to Hang - The Hanging Hardware is pre-installed for either vertical or horizontal hanging.
- This oval frame comes with your choice of a 1" Beveled Mirror, a Flat (non-beveled) mirror, or you can order this frame without any mirror.
- Multiple Colors and Sizes available.
- FREE Ground Shipping anywhere in in the USA and Canada -Allow 2 Business days before shipping.
- Expedited shipping available.
Free Color Samples
- Can't decide? We will send you 3 color chips FOR FREE to help you be 100% sure of your color choice.
- To order your Free Color Chips give us a call at 877-576-1888.
30 Day Guarantee
- We stand behind our products. If you are unhappy with your framed mirror, simply ship it back to us within 30 days, and we will refund the full price of your purchase.
- This decorative mirror frame is made from Medium Densisty Fibreboard (MDF) using wood sources that meet the highest standards of environmental compliance and responsible forestry practices.
Other Details
Product Reviews
Gorgeous color, excellent quality
Posted by Unknown on 21st Feb 2019
We purchased 2 of these (21x25) for our bathroom and absolutely love them. The color is exactly what we were looking for and the quality of the craftsmanship is top-notch. They are very sturdy and were packaged with extreme care. The bevel and ornate detail of the Contessa style was the perfect classic/antique look to fit our bathroom.
nice mirror
Posted by Gary on 1st Mar 2018
beveled and clean


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Shadow of the Colossus Shirt on Yetee!
Hey moonbeams!! I'm so excited and honored that my Shadow of the Colossus design is on today's Yetee shirt!!!! Ok so you only have 24 hours to snag one and then it's gone!!! Check it out: Http://www.theyetee.com
Yetees are my fav shirts! I've been such a big fan of all the artists they have and the quality of shirts & art they produce. Plus they treat their artists really well and are quite fair and kind!! I can't tell you how much it means that they'd choose my art!! I'm so excited/happy/grateful!!! Ok so go tell all your pals!! You have 24 hours!! ^__^~


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The Golden Pony
Upcoming Events with The Golden Pony
No Upcoming Events
On the weekdays we sit in a bedroom studio and make music. On the weekends we drink Mexican beer and play music to people on drugs.
The Golden Pony broke onto the scene in mid 2013 with a string of bootleg remixes of popular electronic artists. They have since gathered over 3,000,000 plays on Soundcloud, had four #1 hits on Hype Machine, and have garnered hundreds of positive reviews in the blogosphere. Late 2013 saw the duo gain critical acclaim for releasing there first original and beginning a series of vintage pop track remixes called "Golden Classic's". With high energy DJ sets that showcase eclectic costumes and custom LED cowbells, The Golden Pony stands apart as a true musicians who take there productions very seriously, but thats about it.


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88% of IT managers expect culture to be the biggest obstacle to successful remote collaboration
Linschoten, 25 June 2012 – The overwhelming majority of CIOs and IT managers (88 percent) think about culture as the biggest obstacle to the successful use of collaborative technology within organizations. Culture is followed by the design of procedures and the security, both at substantial distance with 22 percent. These are the results of a research among CIOs and IT managers by Talk & Vision, specialist in the field of video communications and managed video services, in cooperation with Nyenrode Business University.


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Football pundit Gary Neville wants to build a football pitch on top of his new hotel next to Manchester United ... but his old club are objecting.
The former United player already has permission for a 139-bed hotel and supporters club in the shadow of Old Trafford on the famous Sir Matt Busby Way.
But now he wants to include a 16m by 12m artificial pitch on the roof of the 10-storey building with a retractable canopy, bar and TVs.
The amended plans raise the height of the hotel 1.9m higher than previous drawings and United object because the building obscures the famous football ground.
In a written submission to Trafford Council, a spokesman for the club claims the new building will obstruct an iconic east view of the stadium.
United originally tried to stop Neville getting permission for the hotel, leisure and retail complex on the site and lodged a stinging five-page objection letter in which it promised to continue to fight the scheme.
Building on the £20million complex - a project developed between the player and United's supporters' club - is set to start early next year (2013) with the hotel open to guests in 2014.
Last month former skipper Neville, now a Sky TV pundit, said his new venture could be the first of many hotels across the UK.
The footballer, who played more than 600 times for United in a 19-year-career, added: "I'm excited because it will be my first foray into the world of hotels.
"I'm really looking forward to it. I want to deliver and achieve something.
"I want to make my life something different than just football. I don't just want to be an ex-footballer."
Neville, 37, is no stranger to planning controversy after falling out with his neighbours a year ago when he won a 17-month planning battle to build a 'Teletubbies-style' underground house on land he owns near Bolton.
Proposals to include a 100-foot wind turbine were but developers claim it is the first carbon-neutral house in Bolton and the North West.


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Project Description
Nature, culture, sports, …
Het Weiland is located in the agricultural village of Vivenkapelle, with its beautifully restored neo-Gothic church and monastery. A village where everyone still knows each other!
We are at a stone's throw from the city of Damme, the city of Tijl and Nele, characterized by the Damse Vaart, the city wall in star form and the beautifully restored Romanesque church, with a tower that can be climbed to view the polder landscape from above. And of course the culinary enthusiasts will find something to their taste in the numerous charming restaurants.
The medieval city of Bruges is within cycling distance: Unesco world heritage city.
The most beautiful city of … Europe?
Knokke Le Zoute: the sea and the beach, but also many art galleries, and of course the shoppers will find something to their liking …
Do you want to cross the border for a short while in the Netherlands? Sluis can be reached if you follow the Damse Vaart. In the summer with the bike, and if you are lucky in the winter on the skates.


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I've always assumed there's a dark river flowing beneath my fans' desires.
As we move once more to the re-opening of the London Wonderground cabaret season on the South Bank's Spiegeltent one of the highlights will surely be the return of Dusty Limits with Michael Roulston and their band. Last year's show was devoted to a performance of their album, Grin, and as much of the new show Black Dogs of Death is given over to songs that were left out of that superabundant album, it is perhaps time to look back on one of the most notable events in last year's London cabaret scene, and anticipate another deep draught of rasping melancholy relieved only with a tincture of Chateau Covonia.
Grin invites you to enjoy an evening of Gothic cabaret chic in the lustrously louche company of Dusty Limits (who also occasionally answers to Dorian Black) and that suave chameleon of the keyboard, composer Michael Roulston. The two of them have toured these songs and others for some fifteen years now during which time they have both become respected and admired leaders of the cabaret world in London. So while this is a studio release what is captured here is in fact the bottled essence of a long line of live theatrical performances.
In his introduction to last year's launch event Dusty Limits described his sound and mood world as 'The sit-down misery response to stand-up comedy.' So be warned, the humour here is as dark as a black hole in Outer Space. Emerging – apparently – from a primeval slime of self-hatred, depression and romantic disappointment these thirteen songs carve out a defiant but definitely Baroque niche for themselves in which various themes emerge and merge again into a sharp-witted 'around midnight' miasma of drunken despair – whether urban alienation, grotesque satirical portraits of family and friends, romantic possibilities brusquely dismissed, and wry, defiant assertions of style alongside full-scale acknowledgment of grim realities .
5th April offers a risky beginning in the form of a portrait of writer's block wittily mirrored in music. Spiky octave gestures and melodic fragments fail to gel as the singer embraces wine and long afternoons of frustration with a spooky saxophone solo and plenty of percussion to indicate the lack of creative flow.
Nobody's Fool (in waltz time) offers a fantasy of late night café music with trills and whining violin all working up into a manic dance with parodic chorus, sinister not soothing. Is the singer really tired, drunk, lonely, and nobody's fool? Or is this an alcohol-fuelled fantasy, all in his head. Either way it is sinister not soothing…
As a sharp contrast in mood and character, Poor is an up-tempo satire of the high-life types of SW3, with very sharp and naughty patter mirrored musically in a delightfully slinky Latin interlude. 'I'd rather be poor' is the conclusion, but we encounter some all-too-familiar yet finely detailed portraits of creative narcissism that hardly seem exaggerated.
Silhouette Town is a haunting portrait of urban alienation at night with plenty of poetic evocation, dislocated fragments of percussion and sax, arpeggiated piano, and melismatic keening – very similar to the London world evoked elsewhere in City Stories by James Phillips and Rosabella Gregory.
Reunion offers a very knowing, Nöel Coward-like, full-on Gothic portrait of a ghastly family reunion – 'the spawn of original and plagiaristic sin.' As the oom-pah-pah pace gathers, and the climb through the keys begins, Klezmer overtones are added by the backing group. Roulston finds some wonderful key transitions here – as Black says these are 'chords that don't occur in nature….' There is a deliciously ghoulish ending, and a reminder that all families are at some level 'conspiracies of memories and lies.'
Never Sober is another drinking song with a symbolist beginning over a woozy chaos of rocking chords and ballooning double bass. We're not clear whether the singer is 'just drunk or unconscious or vaguely hung-over' before a segue into La vie en Rose and a fade into ghostly shimmers.
Is it too late? is even darker, but leavened by witty resilience and misanthropic relish in the lyrics and artificially bright instrumentation: skitter-scatter violin, relentless upbeat tempo. There is a self-fulfilling danger in declaring that you are 'writing black doggerel', which this song just about avoids; but as it is similar to others on the album, it was the one track which might have been omitted to advantage.
Imagine, which follows, is however a delightfully wicked number with a deceptive, falsely romantic opening leading into catchy syncopation worthy of the Gershwins in their 'Let's call the whole things off' vein. Will our mordant gay hero get together with a lesbian friend to have kids? There are some laugh-out-oud lines along the way: 'God Knows, our DNA should be in the V&A' and plenty of double-edged requests to 'Think of the kids'.
And the Rain starts and ends with a parodic formal running bass on piano and bassoon. We are in the world of a down-and-out whose loneliness and predicament are sketched out in hurdy-gurdy street music that evokes shades of Schubert at his bleakest. There is another grim ending in the offing as refusal of charity offers the prospect of a freezing death for the invisible man as the rain washes over his feet….
Anything but love shifts the mood with a sonically joyful incisive jazz number that sounds like late Ellington or clipped Count Basie. The theme is 'give me anything but love', and there are some cute adverbs to back up the message as well as very neat piano solo and bass solos. A particularly tart bait and switch wraps things up.
One Empty bottle: is another drinking song built around a slow waltz and a count through late night depression. The clever, insistent repetitions of the accompaniment prevent a sense of over much repetition of the mood of romantic longing, shocking weather, and suicide in the offing.
Drink takes off into a whirl upbeat intoxication before becoming a dance of death with accordion, not far away from Fiddler on the Roof again. Dusty Limits find a fine high note and the musicians build to a powerful overall climax.
The title track comes last offering a bluesy, moody, musing piano: the black dog of depression is theme. There is no false comfort, only an injunction to 'grin and bear it like a skull' and remain blithe before the 'scrawny bastard with the scythe comes round to claim you'. Style is always available to confront eternal problems.
Throughout Roulston provides tasteful and finely judged accompaniments, with a broad palette of instrumental possibilities, and paradoxical juxtapositions too. There is very good sound throughout too: though the voice is closely miked, the instruments are well balanced and distinguished from one another and there is plenty of dynamic range all round within which the arrangements can breathe. The instrumentalists shine collectively and in their individual solo spots.
It is hard to sum up an album that finds so many shades of grey and black but perhaps the final resting point of these multi-layered songs is the one eloquently described by that self-same Morrissey quoted at the start of this review. In his recent Autobiography he writes: 'The wisdom of centuries shook me and told me that however heavy-hearted and impossible you might feel about yourself, you can still bestow love through recorded song – which just might be the only place where you have the chance to show yourself as you really are, since nothing in your disposed life gives you encouragement.'
Bookings for performances at Brighton


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Woodlawn Avenue
Chula Vista, CA 91910
Property Details
Beds 3
Baths 2
Sq Ft 1,100
Water Meter on Property
Septic/Sewer Sewer Connected
Lot Size 5,882
Yr Built 1915
Heating Forced Air Unit
Parking 2 Car Garage
Property Gallery
Property Overview
Centrally located home sits on a spacious corner lot located in North Chula Vista! Living and dining area open to chef's kitchen with tons of cabinet space that leads out to detached 2 car garage w/ a large and private backyard perfect for entertaining loved ones. Customized bathrooms feature modernized finishes and gorgeous tile surrounds. Oversized master sanctuary features a unique walk in closet. Walking distance to charter school, conveniently close to shopping, restaurants and freeways.


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Models: Justine
I have to admit, after working with Justine suddenly most of our plights don't seem so bad anymore. Something about this beautiful hummingbird of a girl got us totally relaxed while we were packing up our gear. I don't usually use the term so lightly, but Justine is simply that: enchanting!


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Google is rolling out an update to Android Device Manager that will add an interesting new feature. In version 1.3.8, the Android Device Manager developers have added a new callback function that will allow someone who has found a lost Android device to simply tap a large green "call owner" button to get a hold of the device's owner at a different number.
This new feature is pretty nifty if your device has been lost and picked up by a person who is good enough to be willing to help reunite you with your beloved Android phone. You can now not only setup a lock screen password through Android Device Manager, but a recovery message as well. Additionally, you can add a callback number, like that of a family member or close friend. Once you remotely lock your smartphone through the Android Device Manager website, the lock screen will be completely replaced by the green call icon and the custom recovery message you have added.
The callback feature for Android Device Manager is relegated only to phones at the time of this writing. If you want to leave a number where you can be reached if your tablet is found, you'll have to settle for leaving the number in the recovery message field.
You can hit up the Android Police link in the sources below for a signed APK of this latest Android Device Manager version from Google. Do you use Android Device Manager, or do you use a different service to track your lost or stolen Android smartphones? Let us know in the comments below, or on Google+, Facebook, or Twitter!Source: Android Police Source: TalkAndroid
Last Updated on


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These aren't like typical oatcakes, they're more like lovely, crumbly, savoury, cheesy biscuits. We just ate these ones on their own as pre-dinner snacks with drinks, but they would also be great with cheese – maybe even a strong one as the cheese flavour of the biscuits is quite mild – or just a bit of chutney on the top. If you want a variation the original recipe uses cayenne pepper instead of chilli flakes or you could even combine both! more "Cheese and chilli oat biscuits"
Cheese and chilli oat biscuits
October 16, 2016


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As a parent, your children's joy can be the sole source of your happiness. That's why it is imperative to be always on the look out for new and fun activities for kids and toddlers. Toys at home may no longer be enough to stimulate kids and encourage their desire to move around and explore the world around them. It is good to provide them venues where their natural curiosity will be maximized. Lots of kids and people will develop their social skills as well. The website ParentsConnect.com is one good source of this.
The website not only provides information on fun activities. I was especially drawn to their tag line "We're not perfect. We're parents…" That's interesting and so true. We could only try to be good but we could not really be perfect parents. In my case, I have a new source of parenting ideas from this website. This parenting site has articles on pregnancy, childbirth, parenting tips and parenting advices.
Plus, if you have your own website you may try to join ParentsConnect.com widget contest. By installing the widget in your site, you will have the chance to win $1000 if you garner the most viewed on your widget. That would be a rare bonus and opportunity just by spreading the word.