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Ng Keng Hooi (pic) made headlines when he became the first Malaysian to helm an international financial services group. He was recently picked to succeed Mark Tucker, another global insurance vateran, as group chief executive and president of AIA Group Ltd. He will take over the reins from Tucker effective Sept 1.
Ng is currently the group chief executive and president-designate of AIA Group, which is second largest life insurance company in the world by market capitalisation and the market leader in Asia-Pacific (ex-Japan) in the life insurance business.
Prior to this, he was regional chief executive of AIA Group and responsible for the group's business operations in China, Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, Taiwan and Brunei as well as group agency distribution.
Ng will at the moment continue in this role until a successor is appointed.
As for Tucker, after serving seven years as the CEO of AIA group, he will be taking a back seat in a non-executive position in an international bank. He will be joining HSBC Holdings Plc as non-executive group chairman.
Ng was chosen after a thorough selection process and based on merits and performance.
Commenting on this, AIA Group chairman Edmund Tse says: "Ng is a proven leader with an impressive track record and I am delighted that he will succeed Tucker as group chief executive and president of AIA.
"This appointment follows a rigorous and extensive succession process, which included consideration of internal and external candidates.
"For the last six and a half years, he has excelled in the role of regional chief executive for AIA displaying first-class leadership and strategic vision while consistently delivering strong results. He is ideally qualified to build on AIA's success to date."
Ng says he is looking forward to a smooth and successful handover period as the entire team at AIA strives to ensure that 2017 is the best year yet.
On his appointment, he says he is delighted to have the opportunity to succeed Tucker and will continue to work with the group's senior management team and agents across the organisation as well as high quality business partners to ensure the group's impressive track record of value creation both for customers and its shareholders.
With more than 37 years experience in the Asian life insurance industry, he is known among those who has worked with him to be objective, dedicated and result-oriented.
Expressing his views on Ng's appointment, Tucker says he has worked closely with Ng for over 20 years and admire him as an executive with an exceptional track record of strong execution and commercial experience in the Asian region.
"I have every confidence that AIA will continue to flourish under his outstanding leadership,'' he notes.
His former colleagues remember him as courteous chap but at the same time very goal-driven and hardworking.
This writer recalls that when he was in the midst of an interview with Ng, who was then the CEO of Prudential Malaysia (before joining Great Eastern), he offered eye drops to me when I complained of eye irritation, which to me reflected his caring and warm persona.
At an AIA conference held in Kuala Lumpur in 2012, Ng, in an interview, emphasised that the protection market in Malaysian was still underinsured and this offered AIA as a platform to further grow its business, stressing that due to this there was a wide protection gap in the local market as well as in the region.
Before joining AIA Group in October 2010, he was with Great Eastern Holdings where he was group chief executive from December 2008, driving impressive growth in business results. Prior to Great Eastern, Ng was with Prudential for almost 20 years becoming a member of Prudential Corporation Asia's board and regional managing director of Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia – three of Prudential's key markets. This followed his very successful tenure as CEO of Prudential Malaysia, during which he built that operation, ranked ninth with a 3% new business market share, to the number two spot with a 20% market share, and expanded the number of agents from 400 to 10,000.
He also spearheaded Prudential's entry into the Takaful business in Malaysia.
Ng is passionate about growing business and developing people. He sees the AIA Group and its next chapter of growth as the ideal platform to continue to pursue these two passions. He is a Fellow of the Society of Actuaries. Married with two sons, Ng is also an avid golfer.
Read more at http://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2017/03/18/ng-keng-hooi-makes-malaysian-corporate-history/#c2o7zEesSM2FBhOC.99


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Children's Toy & Media Reviews Since 1978
By now you've seen lists upon lists of "hot toys." And while hot toys are fun for a while, the best toys and games having staying power.
As long-time champions of playful learning, we kick off the 2018 Parents' Choice Awards® Holiday Gift Guide Season with the
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10 Best Of 2018 Chevrolet 5.3 Horsepower – Chevrolet, colloquially referred to as Chevy and formally the Chevrolet Division of General Motors Company, is an American Auto Branch of This American manufacturer General Motors (GM). Louis Chevrolet and ousted General Motors creator William C. Durant began the company about November 3, 1911 as the Chevrolet Motor Car Company. Durant employed the Chevrolet Motor Car Company to acquire a controlling stake in General Motors with a reverse osmosis happening May 2, 1918 and steered back himself to the GM presidency. Right after Durant's second ousting at 1919, Alfred Sloan, along with his maxim"a car for every purse and purpose", would choose the Chevrolet new to develop into the amount leader in the General Motors family, selling mainstream cars to compete with Henry Ford's Model T in 1919 and overtaking Ford since the best-selling auto in the United States by 1929.
2018 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 4WD Crew Cab Short Box LT 0, Source : bankschevrolet.com
Chevrolet-branded autos have been sold in most automotive markets worldwide, In Oceania, Chevrolet is represented by its Australian subsidiary, Holden, with came back into the region in 2018 following having a 50-year shortage together with all the launching of the Camaro and also Silverado pickup truck. Back in 2005, Chevrolet was relaunched in Europe, chiefly selling vehicles assembled by GM Daewoo of South Korea with all the tagline"Daewoo was grown enough to become Chevrolet", " a move suspended in General Motors' attempt to construct a international fresh around Chevrolet. With all the re introduction of Chevrolet to Europe," GM planned Chevrolet for a main stream worth brand name, while GM's traditional European standard-bearers," Opel of Germany, along with Vauxhall of the great britain would be moved . However, GM reversed the movement in overdue 2013, declaring that the newest would be pulled from Europe, together with the exclusion of their Camaro and Corvette in 2016. Chevrolet autos will probably last to be promoted in the CIS countries, for example Russia. After standard Motors completely obtained GM Daewoo in 2011 to build GM Korea, the previous using the Daewoo automotive brand name was stopped from its own native South Korea and succeeded by Chevrolet.
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In the united states, Chevrolet produces and sells a broad assortment of vehicles, from sub compact cars to medium-duty commercial vans. As a result of prominence and name-recognition of Chevrolet as a member among General Motors' worldwide marques, Chevrolet, Chevy or Chev is used occasionally being a synonym for General Motors or its products, 1 of these being the GM LS1 engine, commonly known by the name or a variant of its progenitor, the Chevrolet small block engine.


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@import "../css/history_kinglists.css";
Find us:
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According to archaeological investigation and conjecture, in the Neolithic
and Bronze ages the Cypriots had an advanced,
civilisation that had a written language. In subsequent centuries, seafaring
and trading peoples from the Mediterranean countries set up scattered
settlements along the coast. The first
Mycenaean colony is believed to
have been founded by traders from Arcadia about 1400 BC, but Mycenaean culture
appeared at least two centuries before that. The recorded history of Cyprus
began with the occupation of part of the island by
Egypt. The
began to colonise areas of the island from about 800 BC.
Beginning with the rise of
during the eighth century BC, Cyprus was under the control of each of the
empires that successively dominated the eastern Mediterranean. Assyrian
authority was followed by Egyptian, then
For almost a thousand years thereafter control of the island passed from
empire to empire until a
Crusader kingdom was set up
in the twelfth century AD.
c.10,000 BC
Hunter-gatherers become active on the island, especially at two
pre-Neolithic sites at Nissi Beach, at Ayia Napa, and on the Aspro water
causeway in the Akamas. They probably reach Cyprus from the coast of the
Levant, although this is disputed. It is quite possible that they bring
domesticated animals with them, and perhaps even a few wild ones, such
as foxes. Early cattle dies out during the eighth millennium and is not
reintroduced until at least the
Sotira culture period.
Culture (Early Aceramic Neolithic)
c.9000 - 7000 BC
While the first true native culture to appear on Cyprus was the later
Khirokitia culture, the Akrotiri
phase covers earlier hunter-gatherer appearances. Theses seem to have been
fitful, arriving and leaving as conditions warranted, and it was a long time
before archaeologists were able to find any evidence at all of settlement
before the Khirokitia. The Aceramic Neolithic on Cyprus differed greatly
from other contemporary societies in Anatolia and the Levant, showing no
signs of contact between the two. There was never a land bridge to connect
Cyprus to the mainland, so all arrivals had to be by sea, limiting access.
Additionally, due to the insular and fragile environment of an island,
hunter-gather settlements could not have survived long term, and probably
only visited for periods before returning to the mainland.
Following the Akrotiri phase, there is a gap of about a thousand years
before the appearance of an Aceramic Neolithic culture (which has only
recently been discovered). This new period is represented by negative
architecture with pot holes and cuttings into the havara bedrock and is
attested at five sites: Parekklisha-Shillourokambos, Kissonerga-Mylouthkia,
Kalavasos-Tenta (Level 5), Akanthou, and Asprokambos. These sites demonstrate
a preoccupation with wells and cuttings in the bedrock to access underground
water channels. The material evidence has strong parallels with the Levant.
Early farming communities migrated to Cyprus during this period and introduced
domestic plants and animals (the discovery of a previously unknown farming site
at Klimonas in 2012 further confirmed this). A large amount of obsidian from
these sites also suggests overseas contact, most likely with Anatolia.
Overall, it seems that the Akrotiri culture saw hunter-gatherers visit
briefly to exploit the island's resources, while after a gap of a millennium
the Early Aceramic Neolithic saw a period of initial settlement of the
c.9000 BC
The earliest solid evidence of human activity on Cyprus comes from
Akrotiri-Aetokremnos, a site on the southern-central coast of Cyprus at the
very tip of the Akrotiri Peninsula. This is contemporary with the Nautufian
period in the Levant as well as the Epi-Paleolithic. Akrotiri is a cave
shelter at the top of a cliff, about fifty metres above sea level. There are
four strata inside the shelter, two with cultural remains. The lowest
stratum, Level 4, is found on a clean bedrock and is a mix of animal bones
and ashy material, containing 99% of the entire site's material. The
majority of the remains are pygmy hippopotami bones, with most of the others
being those of pygmy elephants. Level 3 is sterile, showing a period of
abandonment by humans. Level 2 shows evidence of stone tools and more animal
remains. The site appears to be only periodically used, being abandoned and
then re-occupied.
c.7500 BC
The remains of an eight month-old cat are discovered by archaeologists in
2004, dated to this period. The cat had been buried alongside its human
owner in a Neolithic burial site. This find pushes back the date for the
beginnings of feline domestication considerably, and predates any such finds
made in
c.8200 BC
The first settled village communities of the Early Aceramic Neolithic Period
start to appear, as early settlers begin to build more sophisticated forms
of shelter. This progression in the adaptation of habitation also requires
advances in storage and food preparation. These advances lead to the
Khirokitia culture within a
Culture (Late Aceramic Neolithic)
c.7000 - 5800 BC
This was the first native culture to arise on the island of Cyprus and
is represented by the site which bears its name, along with about twenty
others across the island. Otherwise known as the Recent Aceramic Neolithic
Period (or Choirokoitia culture), the culture arose from a long process
that had started with the island's inhabitation by hunter-gatherers around
10,000 BC. A settlement was formed at Khirokitia, about six kilometres from
the south coast, on the steep slopes of a hill overlooking the River Maroni
and enclosed by a wall (Wall 100 has been uncovered on the western side
while the rest has been calculated). The constructions on the site were circular,
with flat roofs in the form of a terrace. Several of these circular constructions
would be grouped together around a small inner courtyard to form a house,
and there would be an installation present to grind grain.
The site's inhabitants used flint or bone tools and receptacles made of stone
or basketwork in their daily lives (being a pre-pottery people). They kept
domesticated animals, hunted game and gathered wild fruit, and cultivated
plants. Their dead were buried in pits cut into the floors of houses, and
bodies were sometimes accompanied by necklaces or stone vessels. Excavations
began on the site in 1936 and again in the 1970s, and have continued almost
uninterrupted ever since, steadily uncovering the lives of these early
At a date that still seems to be uncertain, the north slope of the hill that
forms Khirokitia is abandoned. Instead, the settlement is expanded towards
the west and a new enclosure wall is built to encompass it (Wall 284, the
line of which much has been calculated in relation to the uncovered section).
The wall is up to two and-a-half metres (yards) thick and up to three metres
(yards) in height.
c.5800 BC
The Khirokitia settlement is abandoned around this time for reasons unknown,
and the culture leaves no obvious successor. It is reoccupied around eight
hundred years later by the people of the
Sotira culture. They know about pottery
and have mastered the art of making it.
Culture (Ceramic Neolithic)
c.5000 - 4000 BC
The Sotira culture of Cyprus filled the gap left by the abandonment of
Khirokitia culture sites. This
particular culture appears to have formed about two centuries after the
first influx of pottery on the island, brought in by a new wave of settlers
who arrived around 5250 BC. Some sources place the rise of the Sotira at
a later date, around 4500 BC, but most seem to agree that there was a gap
of about five hundred years between the fall of the Khirokitia and the
very first appearance of the Sotira. Despite evidence of settlers who
brought new technologies and techniques with them, there is no evidence
of any external trade. Social stratification is also difficult to
ascertain during this comparatively short-lived period.
The culture gained its name through the examination of a typical site at
Sotira-Teppes. Like most Ceramic Neolithic sites, this was located near the
coast, on high ground which was easily defendable. Another key site is at
Ayios Epiktitos-Vyrsi. Ceramic sites are only found on the east of the
island, showing that these newcomers did not reach either the west or the
Karpass Peninsula (the long 'finger' at the north-eastern corner of Cyprus).
There were regional differences, and technical improvements as the culture
progressed. Of the thirty villages known to have been home to the culture,
only a few were still inhabited in the next period but, as with the
Khirokitia before it, why the majority of Sotira sites were abandoned is not
c.5000 BC
Sotira culture appears on Cyprus, with settlements at sites such as Sotira-Teppes,
Ayios Epiktitos-Vrysi (which has a series of semi-subterranean houses with
sunken floors), Philia-Drakos (which also has subterranean chambers),
Troulli, and Khirokitia (replacing the abandoned
Khirokitia culture phase). There is
evidence for the household production of pottery, in buildings that are
primarily rectangular with rounded corners. Burials are extramural instead
of under the floor of the house.
c.4000 BC
The settlement of forty-seven structures at Sotira-Teppes is abandoned around
this time for reasons unknown. Again on Cyprus, the disappearance of this culture
leaves no obvious successor. Some scholars argue for an island-wide gap in the
archaeological record, while others envision a direct transition into the Early
Chalcolithic. However, there is a dearth of knowledge of the Early Chalcolithic
Period, from 4000-3500 BC, which hinders any understanding of the end of the
Neolithic period and the beginning of the Chalcolithic period.
Culture (Chalcolithic Age)
c.4000 - 2500 BC
The advent of the Erimi culture began one of Cyprus' longest lasting
periods, one which saw copper being used across the island and trade links
being developed with the mainland. The island's population increased
greatly, and clear signs of the development of social strata become apparent.
The Cypro-Minoan script was
introduced into this growing social structure, but it was one which still
failed to leave any written evidence of its existence. While copper objects
have been found by archaeologists, what isn't known is whether they were
made on the island or imported, probably from Crete.
Pottery was of a fairly standardised form which was produced at a small
number of sites on the western side of the island and exported across
the rest of it. The poor soils were probably responsible for the appearance
of seals and large storage vessels in houses, from which food could be
distributed under central control. It seems likely that, although there
are at least five possible origins for the name 'Cyprus', the island gained
it from its rich veins of copper ('kuprios' in Greek, which was passed down
into Latin).
It is also during this period that the greater area of the city of Pafos,
which includes the later necropolis that is known as the Tombs of the Kings,
is first inhabited. This is part of a flourishing culture on the west coast
of Cyprus. Unfortunately the later intensive use of the area largely rubs
out the Chalcolithic occupation layer. A loom weight has been found by
archaeologists in the Northern Necropolis which bears eloquent witness to
life at this time
(Additional information from Digging up the Tombs of the Kings,
Sophocles Hadjisavvas (2014).)
c.3800 BC
The Early Chalcolithic period on Cyprus emerges out of a hazy crossover
period from the previous Sotira culture
in which the latter is abandoned and disappears without offering any direct
continuity to the former. No fortifications or weaponry are known for this
period, which is named after a settlement on the south coast, revealing a
still-peaceful island which probably has little external contact other than
through its limited trade routes. Settlements are of a variable size, but
nothing approaching an urban centre has been found to date. Houses return to
the rounded construction style of the
Khirokitia culture, replacing the Sotira's rectangular style.
c.3500 BC
The Middle Chalcolithic sees the establishment of conventional settlement
and funerary practices. The island would seem to be populated by tribes with
regional chiefs in a moderately hierarchical structure. The Lemba Period I
is the earliest Chalcolithic site with wall foundations, which confirms the
use of the roundhouse style.
c.2800 BC
The Late Chalcolithic sees the copper-using society on Cyprus being replaced
by one which uses bronze. New burial practices are introduced, pottery
styles, and settlement patterns, suggesting an influx of new, more advanced
people who probably subjugate the natives.
Culture (Early & Middle Bronze Age)
c.2500 - 1600 BC
The Philia culture was representative of a new phase of settlement on
Cyprus, probably that of
Indo-European arrivals via Anatolia. From about 2800 BC bronze began
to replace copper and new burial practises appeared. These changes heralded
the start of the Early Bronze Age, which lasted between 2500-1900 BC. Trade
links were set up, and traders found important sources of copper on the
island. Beginning around 2400 BC, prospectors from Anatolia brought with
them new methods of house building, cooking, spinning, and weaving.
Settling on Cyprus, they introduced cattle and the ox-drawn plough, creating
an agricultural revolution. Ploughing brought new ground into use, which
led to a boom in food production and the population increased rapidly. The
new arrivals settled across the island, especially around the copper-rich
foothills of the Troodos Mountains, and gradually blended into the existing
The Middle Bronze Age on Cyprus lasted between 1900-1600 BC and produced
several styles of pottery. Bronze-work was advanced and trade flourished
between the island and the
in Anatolia,
Minoan Crete,
and the city states of
Cyprus was a vital source of copper for all of the major states
of this period, and the island's culture flourished as a result of the
rich trade. It is probably these extensive trade links that account for
the foundation of new settlements on the east of the island. These
gradually developed into early cities which acted as major trade hubs.
c.1900 BC
The Necropolis of Karmi, in Kyrenia in northern Cyprus, is probably brought
into use from around this point and perhaps remains so for the remainder of
the Middle Bronze Age. Archaeologists find a number of rich chamber tombs,
and a crude relief of a human figure survives on an access wall, making it
the earliest relief of a human figure discovered on the island to date.
c.1600 BC
Mycenaean culture appears on
Cyprus, gradually displacing
Minoan culture.
The change heralds the start of the
Late Bronze period on the island.
Bronze Age
c.1600 - 1050 BC
The Late Bronze evolved out of the Middle Bronze
period on Cyprus. It witnessed the end of
influence on the island and the beginning of
Mycenaean influence. It also
saw disruption by the Hyksos, who commanded lower
at the beginning of this period. The Hyksos may have launched raids against
Cyprus from time to time. From about 1400 BC, the Mycenaean Greeks were freed
from domination by Crete and they flourished, making much of the eastern
Mediterranean a Greek sea. They arrived on Cyprus probably as merchants,
introducing their culture and gradually displacing Minoan culture.
During the twelfth and eleventh centuries BC, several waves of Achaean Greeks
settled on the island, bringing with them Greek language, religion,
and customs. These migrants were escaping a Greece that was gradually being
overrun by Doric invaders who eclipsed the Achaeans in their homeland. On
Cyprus, and on many other islands in the eastern Mediterranean, they built
new cities, such as Kition, Kourion, Paphos, and Salamis. The island was now
an Hellenic domain, and for much of the period it was dominated by the island
kingdom of Alashiya.
is freed from
Hyksos rule by
Pharaoh Kamose. Nubia is
soon regained, and normal trade relations are subsequently restored between North
Africa and Cyprus. Larger trading centres begin to flourish on the island,
most notably at Enkomi, immediately to the north-west of the modern port of Famagusta.
takes control of Cyprus during the reign of Thutmose III, and the pharaoh
imposes a land tax. It is around this time that the kingdom of Alashiya
first emerges, perhaps as an Egyptian sub-kingdom or a reaction against
Egyptian dominance. That dominance is brief, and the island soon regains
its independence. The Cypriot Bronze Age continues with the island
dominated by Alashiya.
of Alashiya / Alasiya (Enkomi) (Late Bronze Age)
c.1450 - c.1050 BC
The eastern Cypriot state of Alashiya (or Alasiya) appeared by the
mid-fifteenth century BC, during the Late Bronze period on the island.
It had a capital at Enkomi, immediately to the north-west of the modern
port of Famagusta, approximately three kilometres (two miles) inland.
Evidence points to it having controlled the entire island during at
least part of its existence. A contributor to the Amarna letters, it
played an important role in trade with the great states of the period,
and Elam,
with goods being shipped from a prosperous port protected by massive
stone walls. At least one of its rulers was counted amongst the great
kings of the day, mainly because the island controlled the region's
copper trade - vital to all the major states. Its coastline was subjected
to various raids, however, notably by the tribal
and later by the
(Additional information from Ancient Israel and Its Neighbours: Interaction
and Counteraction. Collected Essays Vol 1, Nadav Na'aman, and from The
Cambridge Ancient History, edited by I E S Edwards.)
c.1430s BC
concludes a treaty with the
king, Tudhaliya II (I). However, according to an internal Hittite memo,
the 'Indictment of Madduwattas', by Tudhaliya's heir, Arnuwanda I, one
Madduwattas appears to be in regular conflict with Kupanta-Kurunta from
his Hittite-supported mountain kingdom of Zippasla in western Anatolia.
Regularly defeated by the Arzawan king, a Hittite army is moved into Zippasla
to provide a permanent garrison. With the kingdom at last secure against
Kupanta-Kurunta, Madduwattas apparently now decides that he is never again
going to suffer such indignities as his many defeats. When Dalawa (Tlawa of
the Lukka,
classical Tlos) and Hinduwa rebel, Madduwattas suggests to the Hittite army
commander, Kisnapili, that he takes Hinduwa while Madduwattas takes Dalawa.
But while Kisnapili is on his way to Hinduwa, Madduwattas allies himself to
Dalawa and, with its help, he ambushes and kills Kisnapili.
Subsequently he marries the daughter of Kupanta-Kurunta of Arzawa and then
wins the Arzawan throne itself (the circumstances are unclear). Then he
moves his capital into Arzawa proper and enlarges this state in its western
Anatolian holdings. When Tudhaliya orders Madduwattas to put down a revolt
in Happalla, he does so, but then forces Happalla to switch its loyalty to
him. Then he bullies Pitassa into his kingdom, which brings Arzawa's borders
even closer to the Hittite heartland. Under Tudhaliya's hapless successor,
Arnuwandas I, Madduwattas even allies himself to his old foe, Attarsiyya of
and invades Alashiya. Madduwattas now holds the whole of western Anatolia.
fl 1430s BC
Defeated by
Fled to
Contested for
c.1420s BC
of Ahhiyawa
conquers Alashiya for himself, re-igniting the enmity between him and Madduwattas.
The latter flees back to Anatolia, leaving the island of Cyprus briefly in
Ahhiyawan hands. The
under Arnuwanda soon take Alashiya for themselves however, but for how long they
hold it is unknown.
c.1370s BC
The Lukka
are mentioned in the Armana letters from
in which they are accused of attacking the Egyptians in conjunction with the Alashiyans.
In their defence the latter state that the Lukka are seizing their villages.
fl 1360s BC
Name unknown.
king refers to himself as the 'brother' of the
king in the Amarna letters, revealing the fact that he is considered to be a ruler of
equal standing (and not literally his brother). The clay in the Amarna
tablets that are sent by the Alashiyan king is a good match for that of
Cyprus, further tying the kingdom to the island (a subject that had been a
matter of some debate right up until the end of the twentieth century).
c.1250? BC
Hittite kings invade the kingdom and establish pro-Hittite rulers, but
they never fully control the island. The harbour town of Bamboula thrives
from this period until the eleventh century. It sits along a highway on the
outskirts of the modern village of Episkopi, along the south-western coast
of Cyprus and near the modern harbour town of Limassol. The area thrives in
part because the overshadowing Troodos Mountains contain copper, and the
river below is used to transport the mined materials. A nearby fortress may
function to protect the urban economic centre further inland, which does not
seem to be fortified.
fl c.1250 BC
Hittite vassal. Name(s) unknown.
empire is destroyed by the
Kaskans and the
Sea Peoples. Other important Hittite cities,
such as Emar, also disappear
after a period of troubles which are characterised by attacks by seaborne
raiders. There may be a severe attack on
Ugarit in around 1195 BC, as some
sources date this as the city's last days.
fl c.1182 BC
King, or high steward/grand supervisor.
c.1182 BC
king of Alashiya advises
Ugarit to defend itself in the face of continuing
attacks on
Syria by the
Sea Peoples. The advice comes too late and, with Ugarit's fleet away and probably lost, many sites in Alashiya are
also sacked and burned, including Enkomi, Kition,
and Sinda (perhaps twice) before being abandoned. A number of other sites
are also abandoned, leaving behind hidden caches of wealth which suggest
that their owners are enslaved or killed. This event separates the Late
Cypriot (LC) II period from the LCIII period. However, despite
this setback, the state is one of the few to actually recover and prosper during this
period, perhaps due to the removal of
Mycenaean dominance in the
region. There is increased urban expansion and metal production, improved
contacts with
the Levant, and the central Mediterranean.
fl c.1050 BC
A local queen, mentioned by Wenamun.
kingdom is mentioned in the Chronicle of Wenamun, an eleventh-century
priest who journeys throughout the Levant. His vessel is blown off course
between Byblos and Egypt, and when stepping foot on the island he records
that he is almost killed by an angry mob, before being rescued by the town's
'princess', Habti.
city state of
founds a trading colony on Cyprus called Kition (Latin Citium, or modern
Larnaca which is nearby the site). The site had originally been founded as
Kittim by Mycenaeans for copper
mining purposes in the thirteenth century BC, but this had died out around two
centuries later. It is the Phoenician settlement that creates a permanent
town. Its sea port becomes a major trading centre until it is destroyed by
an earthquake in AD 332. This date also marks the end of the Cypro-Archaic I
The king
of Tyre,
Elulaios, petitions Sargon the Great, claiming that the kings of Cyprus are
not paying the tribute that he feels he is owed. As a result, it seems that the
empire conquers the island for this reason alone. Assyrian inscriptions refer
to Cyprus as Yadnana or Adnana. Three other inscriptions mention Sargon either
in the third or first person (the translation is flexible) as the 'subduer of
the seven kings of the land of Ia, a district of the land of Yadnana'. The use
of 'seven kings' may be a stock phrase learned by the scribes during their
schooling, and the individual names are not mentioned.
670s BC
are ten vassal kings of Yadnana in this decade, shortly before it reclaims its
independence, as detailed in the annals of Esarhaddon of
These vassals all participate in the building of the royal palace at Ninevah,
although Assyria's control of the island is purely for profit and is fairly
distant. Tribute is collected either by a resident overseer at Kition, the main
port, or by visiting representatives. No Assyrian-influenced artefacts ever
seem to be erected on the island.
fl c.670s BC
vassal king of Idalium (Assyrian Edi-al).
vassal king of Chytri (Assyrian Kitrusi).
vassal king of Salamis (uncertain)? (Assyrian Sillûa).
vassal king of Paphos (Assyrian Pappa).
vassal king of Soli (Assyrian Sillu).
vassal king of Curium (Assyrian Kurî).
vassal king of Tamassus (Assyrian Tamesu).
vassal king of Ledrae (Assyrian Lidir).
vassal king of ? (Assyrian Nure).
vassal king of ? (Assyrian Kartihadast = New City).
of the kings are probably Pylagoras (uncertain, from the
Assyrian Pilâgura),
Eteander (almost fully certain, from Itûandar), and
Damasus (from Damasu).
Egypt re-occupies the
island after the
collapse. Client kings continue to govern the city state of
Kingdom of Salamis
Persian & Greek Empires (Indices)
Persian & Greek Satrapies
Persian Satraps
Greek Satraps
The Cypriot city of Salamis was to the immediate north of modern Famagusta,
on the eastern coast, with the city state kingdom legendarily being founded
by Teukros. Most of the client kings of this and the other Cypriot cities
are relatively poorly documented. The first of them for Salamis (or at least
the earliest-known) may have existed around the 670s BC, but the translation
of an
inscription to produce the name Salamis is extremely uncertain and open to
much deliberation.
During the late fifth century Persian occupation, Evagoras, pro-Hellenic
ruler of the Cypriot city of Salamis, made the first recorded attempt to
unify the many city states of Cyprus. In 391 BC Evagoras, with the aid of
Athens, led a successful revolt
and temporarily made himself master of the island. However, Cyprus soon
became a Persian possession again.
(Additional information from Digging up the Tombs of the Kings,
Sophocles Hadjisavvas (2014), from The Persian Empire, J M Cook
(1983), and from External Links:
Britannica, and
Legendary founder of Salamis.
First ruler following the
in 525 BC, creating the 27th Dynasty, although according to the Behistun
inscription of Darius the Great it is known to the Persians as Mudraya.
Gaining Egypt also meant gaining Cyprus, as it seems to have been under
Egyptian control for the previous half century. In fact, Herodotus mentions
the Cypriots submitting voluntarily and sending ships to aid Cambyses.
The Achaemenids also gains a host of Greek islands which are known
collectively to them (as recorded on the Behistun inscription) as
Yauna (Ionia to the Greeks).
fl c.525 BC
Persian vassal.
fl c.515 BC
Persian vassal. Removed from office during the Ionian Revolt.
In revolt against
The Ionian Greeks of western Anatolia and the islands of the eastern
Aegean who are under
hegemony now rise in the Ionian Revolt. The
Carians join in and, with the Ionians being led by Aristagoras, tyrant
Miletus, they inflict heavy losses on the Persians. Similar revolts
arise in Aeolis, Salamis, and Doris as the Greeks see a chance for freedom.
sends troops to aid the Ionian islands but the Persians gradually gain the
upper hand and the revolt crumbles. Cyprus is taken about a year after
joining the revolt and Gorgos is restored to his position as ruler of
Restored, and
later declared independence from
Greece in 480 BC, the
Persians subdue the Thracian
tribes, and they join his forces, all except the Satrai, precursors to the
Bessoi, who refuse to
succumb. The Macedonians
are also subdued but continue to supply aid in the war against the Persians.
Then the vast army of the Persian King Xerxes makes its way southwards and
is swiftly engaged by
and Sparta in
the Vale of Tempe. The Persians are subsequently stymied by a mixed force of
Greeks led by Sparta at Thermopylae. (These events are depicted somewhat
colourfully - but no less impressively for that - in the 2007 film,
Athens, as the leader of the coalition of city states known as the Delian
League, then defeats the Persian navy at Salamis, and after Xerxes returns
home, his army is decisively defeated at the Battle of Plataea and kicked
out of Greece. (The naval battles of Artemisium and Salamis are shown to
superb graphic effect in the 2014 sequel film, 300: Rise of an Empire,
although it does contain a great many historical inaccuracies.)
Freed of
vassalage in 478 BC.
fl c.450 BC
? - c.415 BC
Name unknown, and of
c.415 BC
ruler of Salamis is killed by Abdemon, who rules both Salamis and
Evagoras, who is a Cyprian Greek, is forced to leave the island at the
same time, heading into exile on Soloi.
c.415 - 411 BC
Abdemon / Avdimon
King of Salamis &
and of
Evagoras returns to Salamis with his followers and deposes Abdemon. As a
descendant of the island's old Greek royal family which claims descent from
Ajax' brother, Teucer, Evagoras is a worthy candidate. He declares independence
and unifies Cyprus. He also retains control of the
city of
Evagoras I / Eugoras
King of Salamis &
c.410 BC
The city state of of Amathus has been independent since about 450 BC, with
at least one unknown king prior to Timonax. Located on the south coast near
modern Limassol, it is now absorbed by Salamis.
Evagoras miscalculates his advantage in a naval battle against the
and the commander, Glos, wins a great victory. Persia effectively
regains control of Cyprus in 381 BC after ten years of effort, and Salamis
is besieged. Evagoras sues for peace (probably in 380 BC) and manages to
negotiate a continuation of his position as (client) king of Salamis,
apparently also continuing to rule the entire island. In 374 BC he is
murdered by a eunuch who is seeking revenge for personal reasons. From
this point, the city of Amathus is given its own governors.
Evagoras II
Very shortly after his accession as dynastic satrap of
Idrieus is required to assemble troops for an invasion of Cyprus. Once
again the Cypriot king has rebelled against
authority. Despite not quite having the iron nerve of his late brother,
Idrieus and an Athenian general work together to stifle the uprising.
in Anatolia is conquered by Alexander the Great's
Greek empire. A friend of Alexander, Nearchus is appointed satrap of
and Pamphylia in 333 BC, being responsible for the ports in southern Anatolia.
This forces the
navy to sail across open waters between Cyprus and the Aegean Sea. The
Persian commanders Memnon of Rhodes and Pharnabazus are active in Aegean
waters in 333 BC but receive no reinforcements, possibly due to Nearchus'
Alexander the Great forces take control of Cyprus, although the island's
various client kings are retained, including Pnytagoras. The sub-king provides
Alexander with great service in naval actions before the city of
His own quinquereme is sunk during the action, although he survives and is
granted an extension of his kingdom as a result.
Son. Forced to
commit suicide by Ptolemy I of
The town of Marion is destroyed by Ptolemy Soter, and the population is
transferred to the recently-founded city of Pafos. The growth of the city
and the erection of its fortifications, a direct consequence of the events
that follow the death of Alexander the Great, are instrumental to the
removal of cemeteries to some distance outside the walls.
Last king of
Salamis, claimed independence during Greek wars.
Cyprus falls under the control of the
Empire of Antigonus. When Antigonus is killed at the end of the Fourth
War of the Diadochi, the island again becomes an Egyptian possession, under
the Ptolemies of
The port city of Nea or New Pafos, founded either by Nikocles or Nicocreon
(sources seem confused) and sometimes given a date of 320 BC, now becomes
the seat of government, replacing Salamis thanks to its good harbour and
easy access to Alexandria. It is here that the Ptolemies install a
strategos (governor-general) who rules on their behalf. serving as
commander-in-chief, high priest, and admiral of the fleet. A circle of
non-Cypriots close to the royal family govern the island from the luxury
villas and administrative centres of Nea Paphos. In time they come to be
buried in the great rock-cut cemeteries that spread out from the city walls,
put to rest in great atrium-style house tombs just like those found in
Alexandria and Cyrene.
Antiochus IV of the
empire mounts a pre-emptive attack on
triggering the Sixth Syrian War. Pelusium is taken after the first battle
and much of Egypt is occupied in 169 BC. Urged on by the citizens of
Alexandria, the siblings of Ptolemy VI of Egypt - Ptolemy VII and Cleopatra
II - form a rival government. Ptolemy VI joins them and the war is
re-ignited. Early in 168 BC, Antiochus captures Cyprus from them and re-invades
Egypt, but Rome
orders Antiochus out of Egypt. Humiliated, he does so, but maintains his
territorial holdings outside of Egypt.
Macedonian (Ptolemaic) Cyprus
Cleopatra II makes the most of an Alexandrine revolt against her
cousin-husband, Ptolemy Euergetes. he and Cleopatra III flee to Cyprus while
she is left in sole command in
Ptolemy Memphitis is the son of both parties, named after the location of
his birth. He is proclaimed pharaoh by Cleopatra II. Ptolemy Euergetes still
manages to have him killed and cut into quarters, with the remains being sent
to Cleopatra. Civil war ensues, along with a general collapse of central
Philometer Soter / Ptolemy IX
governor of Cyprus. Became co-ruler in Egypt.
The death of Ptolemy Euergetes ends a highly eventful and unsettled period
of Ptolemaic history in
His nominated successors are Cleopatra III and one of her sons, with the
choice of which of them being hers. She prefers the younger of them,
Alexander, but the Alexandrines want Philometer Soter, current governor of
Cyprus. She reluctantly complies, and Philometer becomes Ptolemy IX, while
Alexander takes his place on Cyprus.
Ptolemy X Alexander I
governor of Cyprus. Involved in
Seleucid civil war.
Antiochus IX, a son of Cleopatra Thea and her marriage to Antiochus VII,
attempts to seize the
Seleucid throne. He gains an army in 115 BC when he marries
Cleopatra IV, who has just learned that her husband, Ptolemy Soter,
has divorced her. He revolts against his half-brother, occupying southern
In 112 BC Antiochus VIII defeats his opponents, and Cleopatra IV is captured
and killed. However, later in the same year Antioch is again in the hands of
Antiochus VIII. Both Seleucid rulers now find allies (or further allies) in
Egypt, with Antiochus VIII being joined by Ptolemy Alexander, governor of
Cyprus, and Antiochus IX being supported by Ptolemy Soter Lathyros.
Ptolemy X
Alexander I
Restored as governor?
Co-ruler in
IX Soter II Lathyros
governor of Cyprus. Co-ruler in Egypt (109-107/88-81 BC).
Ptolemy Soter being restored as co-ruler of
by Cleopatra III, Cyprus
remains under his command as governor until Ptolemy Alexander succeeds him
on the island.
Retook control.
Co-ruler in
(107-88 BC). Killed in battle.
is seemingly controlled directly by
during the restored reign of Ptolemy IX Lathyros. His death in 81 BC sees
him succeeded by his daughter, Berenice III. In 80 BC she is forced to
marry Ptolemy Alexander II, and then is murdered on his orders just nineteen
days later. Ptolemy Alexander II himself rules for just eighty days before
being lynched by his subjects for killing the popular Berenice.
To ensure continuity of succession and also civil order, Egyptian nobles
invite two of Ptolemy Lathyros' illegitimate sons to return from exile in
The eldest takes the throne as Ptolemy Auletes while the younger becomes
(seemingly) king of Cyprus rather than governor (all that is now left of
Egypt's former empire). The succession is even more important than usual
because Ptolemy Alexander II has willed Egypt to
although the Senate is unwilling to take it on.
Ptolemy of
king of Cyprus. brother of Ptolemy XII Auletes. Suicided.
of Cyprus has made the mistake of angering
by not gaining its confirmation of his position as king and also by not
aiding Publius Clodius Pulcher when he is captured by
Cilician pirates. Pulcher becomes tribune in 58 BC, and uses Roman
law to drive out Ptolemy and create a Roman province from Cyprus. Ptolemy
refuses to submit despite being completely unprepared to resist a Roman
invasion, and instead commits suicide. Back in
the lack of response by Ptolemy's brother encourages a popular revolt
which drives him out.
rich trading port of Kittim (or Citium to Latin speakers) is destroyed by an
comes under Byzantine control
at the division of the Roman empire.
647 - 649
island is commanded by the
Arab empire. Salamis is sacked by the invaders, never to be rebuilt.
649 - 653
Cyprus falls under Byzantine
control again.
653 - 680
island is again commanded by the
empire. In 680, the
Byzantine empire
reclaims it and for the most part manages to hold onto it until the twelfth
century. Between this point and the mid-tenth century, a treaty agrees that
tax revenues generated by the island are divided between the Byzantines and
the Islamic empire.
island is conquered by the Arabs for the
empire, who sack and destroy Salamis.
Byzantine empire
recovers Cyprus.
fl 965
Vikram the Armenian
governor of Cyprus.
1040 - 1042
Theophilos Erotikos
Theophilos leads a rebellion against
control of the island. He is captured by loyalists and is taken to
Constantinople, where he is publicly humiliated in the Hippodrome. His
estates and money are confiscated, but Theophilos is set free after his
public humiliation.
c.1093 - 1112
Eumathios Philokales
governor of Cyprus, Peloponessus & Megas Doux.
Agios Neophytos Monastery is founded by Neophytos when he flees into the
hills of Cyprus following a jail term for his pursuit of an ascetic life. He
finds a small, natural cave and begins to hollow it out. Some time later he
is persuaded to take a pupil by the bishop of Paphos. He eventually gains
between fifteen and eighteen monks at the monastery, although his strict
avoidance of outside bother or disturbance keeps the number from climbing
much above this.
1185 - 1191
Isaac Komnenos
governor of Cyprus. Self-titled emperor of Cyprus.
1191 - 1192
Fresh from freeing his sister from the clutches of Tancred on
King Richard of
England arrives on Cyprus to free his intended bride from the clutches
of Isaac. The ship carrying Princess Berengaria of
Navarre had been forced to put
in during a storm, on its way to join Richard's forces in the Third Crusade.
Isaac has already seized and plundered two wrecked crusader ships, but this
time he has picked the wrong adversary. Richard storms and takes Limassol,
marries Berengaria in the chapel of St George, and proceeds to conquer the
entire island with the help of Guy de Lusignan shortly after the latter's
arrival on the island from
The island remains under the control of the Knights Templar and Guy de
Christian Kingdom of Cyprus
On his way to the Third Crusade in
Richard the Lionheart of
seized Cyprus from the
Byzantine empire and sold it
to the king and queen of
who were by this time residing at
Guy de Lusignan was his vassal anyway, thanks to his lands in Poitiers which
was part of Richard's Angevin empire. But Richard wanted him kept away from
Poitiers thanks to his family's reputation for rebelliousness. The island
would serve as a highly important supply base for the campaigns on the
mainland, protected by superior European ships from any thought of attack
by the forces of Saladin.
1192 - 1194
Guy of Lusignan
King of
(1186-1192) with Sibylla, his wife.
1192 - 1193
choice of Conrad de Montferrat as king of Jerusalem at
is a contentious one. Despite being a major player in the Third Crusade and
being the rightful successor to the throne through his marriage to Isabella,
younger sister of Queen Sibylla, Conrad is opposed by Richard of
England. However, all the barons support Conrad, as do his cousins,
Leopold V of
and Philip II of
Satisfied, Philip returns home, meaning that Richard is now the leader of
the Third Crusade. Manoeuvring politically against Richard for supremacy,
Conrad is attacked in the street by assassins and dies of his wounds.
Richard himself leaves the Holy Land, to be captured and imprisoned by
Leopold of Austria. The pregnant Isabella, now heir to the throne of
Jerusalem by near-universal agreement, is quickly married off to Henry de
1194 - 1205
Amalric I de Lusignan
Almaric II of
1205 - 1218
Hugh I
1218 - 1253
Henry I of Cyprus
1253 - 1267
Hugh II of Cyprus
1267 - 1284
Hugh III of Cyprus
King of
Jerusalem (1269-1284).
1284 - 1306
Cyprus is united with the kingdom of
1284 - 1285
John I
King of
1285 - 1306
Henry II
King of
which was lost at this time.
1306 - 1310
Amalric II of Tyre
Usurped Henry II. Father of Guy of
1310 - 1324
1324 - 1359
Hugh IV
Hugh II of
1359 - 1369
Peter I
1369 - 1382
Peter II
1382 - 1398
James I
1398 - 1432
Janus attacks
Egypt. Unable to capture the island, Egypt nevertheless forces the
Cypriots to acknowledge the overlordship of Sultan Barsbay.
1432 - 1458
John II
1458 - 1464
Queen Charlotte
1464 - 1473
James II the Bastard
1473 - 1474
James III
1474 - 1489
Queen Caterina Cornaro
Wife of James II. d.1510.
is handed over to the republic of Venice
by Queen Caterina, although the kingdom, and those of
Armenia and
continues to be claimed by the House of
Savoy through Duke Charles
I, relative and successor to the titles of the deposed Queen Charlotte.
1489 - 1491
Name(s) unknown.
1491 - 1493
1493 - 1506
Although the titular claim to Cyprus and
has legally passed out of the hands of the
Savoyards, Charles decides to
perpetuate Duke Philibert's claim to them, as does his successors. The true heirs
are the lords of La Tremoille, princes of Talmond and Taranto.
1506 - 1508
Cristoforo Moro
fl 1525
1556 - ?
Giovanni Battista Donà
Father of Venetian
Doge Leonardo Donà delle Rose (1606-1612).
? - 1570
Niccolo Dandolo
Killed in the
siege of Nicosia.
1570 - 1571
Marco Antonio
Captain-general of Famagusta. Last (unofficial) governor.
1570 - 1573
With the death of Niccolo Dandolo during the siege of Nicosia, Bragadino,
the de facto captain-general of Famagusta, takes command of the
Venetian defence of Cyprus.
When the invading Ottomans finally capture Famagusta, they seize Bragadino
and flay him alive. Cyprus is subsumed by the
empire and walis (governors) are appointed to administer the island.
Colonial Cyprus (Ottoman Empire / British Empire)
(Additional information from External Link:
World Statesmen.)
1571 - 1572
Koca Sanan Pasha 'the Great'
Ethnic Albanian.
Former governor of
Egypt. Returned there.
Hadim Hafiz Ahmed Pasha
Later governor of
Egypt. Died 1613.
1581 - 1582
Second term of office. Later in
The capable Koca Sanan Pasha leaves Cyprus for the final time to serve once
again as governor of
Egypt, which also appears to coincide with him being governor in
Damascus in 1586. He has also served once as
Ottoman grand vizier, and does so a further four times between 1589 and
his sudden death to natural causes in 1596. He is sometimes accused of
helping fellow ethic Albanians
at the expense of other Ottomans.
1702 - 1715
Spain is involved
in the War of Succession as
and Portugal
dispute the Bourbon accession. The conclusion of the war sees Spain giving
up Milan,
and the Spanish Netherlands (modern
Belgium) to Austria, and
Sicily to
the duchy of Savoy. The
Papal States are forced
to hand over the territories of Parma and Piacenza to Austria, a definite
blow to the papacy's prestige. Philip, duke of Anjou, is recognised as the
Bourbon King Philip V of Spain, but only on the condition that the Bourbon
crowns of Spain and France
can never be united under a single ruler. Savoy's claim to the crowns of Cyprus,
are now legally confirmed by France and Spain, both of which had also
claimed them since 1499.
Muhammad (Rami) Pasha
Later governor of
Egypt (1704).
Berlin Congress of 1878 is held between the main European powers as they
decide how to deal with the 'sick man of Europe' - the ailing
Britain is opposed to the
Russian desire to
dismantle the empire entirely, but does agree to
French domination in
in exchange for unopposed governance of Cyprus. The island is leased to
Britain as a result of the Cyprus Convention, which confirms British
control in return for support of the Ottoman empire in the
Russo-Turkish War.
island is formally annexed by
Britain in the run-up to the First World War, as the
empire has already joined the
German-led Central
Cyprus achieves independence from
Britain, becoming a Commonwealth republic the following year. Britain
retains administrative authority over the districts of Akrotiri and Dhekelia.
Modern Cyprus
AD 1960 - Present Day
With a strategically-important location in the eastern Mediterranean
Sea, Cyprus has spent
much of recorded history being occupied by various major powers. Today
its independent republic governs two-thirds of an island which is
largely peaceful after a tense and destabilising period in the last
quarter of the twentieth century. The island is neighboured across
the waters of the Mediterranean by
to the north,
to the east,
Lebanon and
Israel to the south-east,
to the south, and the islands of
Greece (especially
Crete and Rhodes) to the west.
Emerging from its Bronze Age,
Cyprus was controlled by the state of
Alashiya from the mid-fifteenth
century BC. It played an important and prosperous role in trade with
the great states of the period. The island controlled the region's
copper trade - vital to all the major states - so it was subject to
invasion and occupation. In the first millennium BC another powerful
Cypriot state emerged in the form of
Salamis, but this was the last of
the native states. The age of great empires meant that it was occupied by
Romans, and
Byzantines. Then, on his
way to the Third Crusade in
Richard the Lionheart of
England seized Cyprus and sold it to the king and queen of
The island would serve as a highly important supply base for Crusader
campaigns, but its lingering decline meant that it was eventually
taken by the
In turn, Ottoman decline saw the
British control it and seize it from 1878 and 1913 respectively.
British governance was less intrusive than perhaps previous masters had
been. Following the conclusion of the Second World War British colonial
possessions were gradually given independence. On Cyprus, between 1955-59,
the EOKA was created by Greek Cypriots to encourage 'enosis' (the island's
union to mainland Greece) by means of guerrilla warfare against the British.
Instead, in 1960 the islanders were presented with an independent republic
of their own. Sadly, attempts to govern it on an equal basis between the
Greek and Turkish Cypriot populations quickly proved impossible, and the
island has remained divided ever since.
(Information by Peter Kessler, with additional information from Ancient
Israel and Its Neighbours: Interaction and Counteraction, Nadav Na'aman
(Collected Essays Vol 1), from The Cambridge Ancient History, edited
by I E S Edwards, from Civil-military relations, nation building, and
national identity: comparative perspectives, Constantine Panos
Danopoulos (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004), and from Cyprus:
Reunification Proving Elusive, Vincent Morelli (Diane Publishing,
1960 - 1964
1960 constitution enables a type of power-sharing government which makes
concessions to the
Cypriot minority to ensure a peaceful transition to republic. Archbishop
Makarios III of the Church of Cyprus becomes the island's first president.
However, one of the constitution's articles involves the creation of
separate local municipalities so that
Greek and Turkish Cypriots
are together able to manage their own municipalities in large towns. In
reality the opposite seems to happen, with internal rivalries generating
fully-fledged armed fighting between the island's two communities The
United Nations is forced into sending in a peacekeeping force in 1964,
although it generally proves to be powerless.
The Battle of Tylliria involves
Greek Cypriot forces storming
Kokkina enclave. Mainland Turkey immediately intervenes militarily,
launching air strikes against the Greek forces, although
Soviet pressure
prevents the Turks from going any further. Four days later the battle
draws to a close, with the Kokkina enclave having been reduced to a
little under half of its original size.
1974 - 1975
Cypriots having emerged from their enclaves in 1973, the violence has been
renewed between them and
Greek Cypriots. Now an
attempted Greek Cypriot coup is sponsored by the mainland Greek military
junta. President Makarios is overthrown and the goal of forcibly unifying
the island is pursued. Turkey invades the island and occupies the
north-eastern third of its territory. Hundreds of thousands of Cypriots
are displaced by the invasion. In 1975 the occupied territory is organised
into a de facto state by the name of the Turkish Federated State
of Cyprus.
On 15 November 1983 the name of the
north-eastern third of the island is changed to the Turkish Republic of
Northern Cyprus. Only Turkey recognises its existence, with all other
nations still considering the territory to be part of the republic of
2002 - 2004
United Nations begins a fresh round of negotiations with the intention of
enabling the reunification of the island. A unification plan finally emerges
in 2004, supported by United Nations, European Union, and
United States. The nationalists on both sides campaign for the plan to
be rejected so that, while unconvinced
Cypriots accept it,
Greek Cypriots unanimously
reject it.
In the same year - 2004 - the republic of Cyprus becomes a member of the
European Union. It adopts the euro as its currency on 1 January 2008,
replacing the previously-used Cypriot pound (introduced by the
British in 1879 and equal to the British pound sterling until 1972).
Northern Cyprus continues to use the Turkish lira.
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text:
War industry lobbyists would have us believe if we reduce the war budget by even a small amount we could be killed in a terrorist attack. Not a pleasant thought of course and a good reason to keep spending at a level soon to reach a trillion dollars a year. Gots ta have all that war stuff to protect us.
So what does a trillion dollars a year spent here protect you from?
Let us ask this question however: Would you rather be killed in a terrorist attack or an automobile accident?
If those were the only two choices it would be preferable to be killed in a terrorist attack because it is far more likely that you can be killed in an auto accident.
So maybe we should be spending trillions improving safety on the highways.
Nah. No way. The war industry lavishes enormous amounts of protection money on countless government officials. And not one dime ever comes from the highways.
So if you have the choice on how you want to be killed, pick the terrorist attack. Your're chances of being killed in one are about the same as being hit by a meteor. So you'll be a lot safer.
Corporations are persons. But unlike the living, they shit everywhere on the planet and never cleanup after themselves – unless of course they are forced by government regulation to do so. And then they bitch like a bunch of spoiled brats.
Here's a bulletin from Fox News: Pepper spray is a condiment.
All the world used to be a stage. Now it's a video on Youtube. Someone should inform the police. Such knowledge might cause them to use good judgment and common sense for a change. On the other hand, why waste everybody's time.
If marijuana was legalized who would the police arrest?
Do you think they might investigate real crime and pursue real criminals? I'm not so sure. After all that could be dangerous. I suspect the number of speeding tickets they write would rise exponentially though.
Hmmm. Maybe keeping MJ illegal isn't such a bad idea. It does tend to keep the police out of everybody's hair.
Activists marched in front of the Bozeman office of Sen. Max Baucus (D-MT). They were protesting the Senator's role in defeating the public option and supporting the mangled Obamacare instead. A spokesman for the senator said he's just a simple, modest man whose trying to make a few million bucks from his position just like everyone else in DC.
Firms contracted by the government to provide torture services were charging $500 to attach nipple clamps to victims.
When the subjects began having orgasms, the government demanded refunds.
While orgasms may be fun, $500 a pop is a bit much.
originally posted to Flickr as Strawberry Love by Tracie.


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Basic Item Introduction
Hot air and hot iron 2in1 rework soldering station
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6.Handle with sensor switch features access operating mode when picks up or standby mode when lays down
7.Automatic cooling function for effectively prolonging the heater's life and protecting the hot air gun
8.ESD design of soldering iron to protect sensitive components
9.International standard heater for convenient use and exchange
10.High-quality resistance for durable use
11.Plastic holder for placing the hot air gun Metal stand for keeping the iron from flammable materials
12.Suitable for SOIC, CHIP, QFP, PLCC, BGA and temperature-sensitive components
13.Fits for heating shrink, drying, lacquer removal, viscidity removal, ice-out, pre-heating and glue soldering
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8-10h, both on-site and off-site training available
Our Trauma Medicine course covers the majority of the skills and information you need to successfully deal with most life-threatening emergencies. This course is highly recommended for church security teams and anyone who is responsible for a group of people. For groups, we recommend that we train at your location, in order to make the training as useful and relevant as possible. Topics cover both violent and non-violent emergencies such as:
- CPR/AED/Choking/Drowning/Electrocution
- Searching for deep, penetrating wounds to torso or extremeties
- Understanding arterial vs veinous bleeding
- Treating penetrating wounds
- Applying chest seal
- Recognizing and treating tension pneumothorax/hemothorax
- Various tourniquet designs and improvised tourniquets
- Proper use and application of tourniquet to self and others
- Proper use and application of nasopharyngeal airway
Part of the cost of this course includes a trauma kit for each participant that includes:
- TK4 combat tourniquet
- H-bandage
- Wound-packing gauze
- Chest decompression needle
- NPA tube, 30Fr
- Prep pads
- Nitrile Glove
The format of this course includes interweaving informative lecture and student interaction followed by practical application. For example, when we lecture about the proper use of the tourniquet, students will immediately get the chance to self-apply the tourniquet and then pair up and practice applying the tourniquet to another student. We will then use a pulse oxymeter to validate that the tourniquet was applied properly. When lectures/practice sessions are completed, we will move immediately into running scenarios where we simulate various types of life-threatening emergencies. Students alternate roles where half the class gets to be "victim" and "rescuer". Each scenario in sequence becomes more complex, intense, and stressful.
Cost $240
Refund policy: This course price includes our trauma kit which sells for $65. Full refund is available up to 30 days before the class. Due to the nature of the course and kit, cancellation within 30 days provides a 50% refund.


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Human growth hormone therapy has become a popular go-to treatment for people suffering from age-related physical deterioration and issues involving weight, growth, and endurance. What's all the hype about and how can you get your hands on this hormone?
Read on for our tips on how to get a prescription for HGH:
What is human growth hormone therapy?
Human growth hormone is naturally produced and secreted in our bodies. It is important to a number of biological functions, including metabolism, cell growth, cell regeneration, and tissue repair.
Human growth hormone therapy is the use of bio-identical human growth hormone to treat those with HGH deficiency. While professional athletes are banned from using human growth hormone, the rest of us regular people can undergo HGH therapy, as long as we can secure a prescription for it.
Who is HGH for?
Human growth hormone has long been used to treat both children and adults with HGH deficiency and conditions such as muscle-wasting disease, chronic kidney disease, and short bowel syndrome. It is also given to children with idiopathic short stature or those who are extremely short for their age for no discernible reason.
In the last two decades, human growth hormone has also become popular among bodybuilders and athletes. Those who are trying to reverse aging have also come to see it as a new "fountain of youth."
How to get a prescription for HGH
In the United States, human growth hormone is a heavily regulated drug. You need a prescription from a doctor to buy it and it can only be used to treat certain medical conditions. To be prescribed HGH, your doctor must be able to prove that you have a medical need for it, which is why you will have to take a blood test and undergo a complete medical examination as part of your initial consultation.
Though it can land them in serious trouble, some doctors do prescribe human growth hormone for off-label uses, especially today when it's so popular in the anti-aging and the bodybuilding worlds. Because it is not a prescription drug in other countries, some people buy them outside of the USA.
We don't recommend using synthetic human growth hormone without first consulting a doctor. Remember that anything you inject into your body has the potential to cause serious side effects. The reason a licensed doctor runs tests before prescribing HGH is to make sure that your body really needs the hormone.
If you're considering getting HGH for an age-related issue, don't go to a general practitioner or a family doctor. If you go to a hormone replacement therapy or age management specialist, they will be better able to help you figure out if you have a hormonal imbalance that can be treated with hormone replacement. You have a better chance of being prescribed HGH as well as other hormones like testosterone if you go to these doctors.
In the US, pharmaceutical human growth hormone is administered via injectables. Your doctor will give you the first injection and teach you how to do it yourself. After this, you will give yourself the injections.
You may have seen HGH in forms other than injectables. Don't buy these. Human growth hormone sprays, gel, tablets, and capsules have not been proven effective and may even contain harmful ingredients.
How to get a prescription for HGH online
Aside from finding a local doctor specializing in age management or hormone replacement, you can also try your luck at getting an HGH prescription online. Yes, you can have a doctor prescribe human growth hormone replacement therapy for you without ever having a face-to-face meeting.
The first thing you have to do is get in touch with an online hormone replacement clinic. Do some research and find one with a good reputation. Fill up their contact form and wait for a representative to call or email you.
During your first consultation with the clinic's representative, you will talk about the testing for HGH deficiency, how long human growth hormone replacement therapy lasts, what your expected outcomes are, and how the injectables are used, among other things. After this, you will have to go to a local laboratory and get a blood test done. The blood sample will be sent to and analyzed by the online clinic.
In the US, the FDA requires strict evidence that a patient has HGH deficiency before an HGH prescription can be made. If you don't have a human growth hormone deficiency, you will have to be able to prove that you have one of the few conditions for which they have approved HGH use. Based on the result of your blood test, your doctor will decide if you should proceed with HGH replacement therapy.
Once you have secured your HGH prescription, you can buy HGH for sale online or at pharmacies.
If you are over 40 and are feeling unwell, tired, depressed, or experiencing sexual health issues, you may be experiencing a hormonal imbalance. Human growth hormone therapy may be the solution. Leave us a message to learn more about HGH therapy.


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Crisp golden-brown skin. Juicy, tender meat that yields when you carve in with your knife. Rich, meaty flavor with just the right amount of seasoning and herbs…
We probably don't need to remind you that turkey day is just around the corner. If you're looking for your yearly refresher on how to truss, roast, and baste your way to tryptophan-induced bliss, there's no shortage of advice out there (we usually start with our grandma's). But what most guides fail to tell you is how to pick a turkey, which might just be the most important part of all.
Long gone are the days of just picking up a bird in a bag from the store—at Fairway Market, we have over ten kinds to choose from. That variety is a good thing, because there is no one turkey that is perfect for everyone. From traditional roasters to pedigreed heritage birds to pre-cooked products that you can just heat and eat, there is a turkey out there that's calling your name. And it doesn't take a matchmaker to figure out which one to pick. With these guidelines in mind, you'll have one less thing to ponder as you're gearing up for Thanksgiving.
1. Be an early bird
Anyone who has gone the grocery on Thanksgiving eve to pick up a turkey will tell you the same thing: there are none. Although you could buy one in advance and stick it in your freezer, you probably don't have the space for that. So how about something even simpler: reserve yours online now and pick it up at your local Fairway Market just before the big meal. It's so easy!
2. Count your friends (and family)
Your Thanksgiving table headcount will determine how much turkey you need, so make sure you get those RSVPs. Whole turkeys can range in size from about 8 pounds on the smaller end to around 30 pounds at their biggest. A good rule of thumb is to buy one pound per person, although you may want to up that to one and a half if you love having lots of leftovers. And don't forget that you'll want something that can fit in your roasting pan and oven. Sometimes, it makes more sense to buy two smaller birds rather than one big one.
3. Find your style
Is your goal to make a Thanksgiving feast that will knock everyone's socks off, even if it means spending days in the kitchen? Or do you just want to get it done and go straight to the eating? There's a turkey for both situations. If you're going the more traditional route, you'll want to consider the fresh whole turkeys that Fairway Market offers. But for a simpler or a smaller feast, it's worth checking out our pre-cooked turkeys or easy-to-carve breast roasts. And for a truly fuss-free holiday, we also offer Thanksgiving catering.
4. To brine or not to brine
Brined and basted turkeys are sold with some degree of seasoning already added. Brined turkeys have been allowed to soak in a salt-containing solution. Basted turkeys have salt, broth, or other ingredients injected right into the meat. In addition to boosting the flavor of the turkey, these add-ons help prevent the loss of moisture during roasting, keeping things nice and juicy. This can be a time-saver and a convenience, since you don't have to worry about brining on your own. But if you'd like more control over the saltiness and flavor of your meat, you'll want to stick with a non-brined or basted turkey.
5. Decide what's important to you
Many turkeys come with a host of special claims, like cruelty-free, organic, heritage, and so on. Although it's up to you to decide how much these criteria matter, keep in mind that they can also have a bearing on prep and flavor. Organic, heritage, and free-range birds, for example, tend to have less fat and a more robust, gamy texture than the conventionally-raised ones that most of us are used to.
Most of all, remember that turkey time is not about the bird as much as it is about being with your loved ones. So don't sweat it too much: just reserve yours and then go back to thinking about all the ways that you'll enjoy the festivities and fun.


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Math has never been so thrilling
Tag: books
Big Bad Wolf Book Sale 2019 (Quick Review)
Over two million books on sale… sign me up!
MIBF 2018: in love, broke
I love books and I love shopping. Hello, MIBF 2018! Take my money.
Book: When Breath Becomes Air (2016)
Ann Patchett calls this book "a universal donor –I would recommend it to anyone, everyone". I agree.
Why I love deconstruction
Tired of reading about cardiology, or the world, or life in general? Here's a post on deconstruction as it applies to fanfiction, gender debates, politics and even medicine.
"Really, I like deconstruction because it basically goes wild with everything and anything. Because we define by différance, constructions and their manifestations can be as endless, limitless and as justifiable as you want it to be."
TBL: The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde
Not a favorite, but certainly defining.
TBL: Immortal by Traci L. Slatton
It's been quite some time since I've read this book; I don't even think that I've read this novel more than twice. And yet more than five years since, it still resonates (for some reason). In an age of wonderous beauty and terrible secrets, one man searches for his destiny… In the majestic heart of…
TBL: Hamlet by William Shakespeare
Less of a book I'm in love with and more of a constant revelation (that forces me to remain in love), Hamlet is a complex work with copious amounts of intrigue, terror, sword fights and puns. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, often shortened to Hamlet, is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare at an uncertain date between…
"Fiction is a lie that tells us true things, over and over."
TBL: Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll
I suppose it provides some insight to this little thing called love: we don't really know why we love something, we just do. And so Wonderland is enjoyable, even though taken apart it is the furthest thing from wonderful.
Overall, it's not just a little bit mad.


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Outlook Care Prime ServicesLearning disabilitiesFind out more Mental healthFind out more Older peopleFind out more Find nearest serviceFind out more
Piotr's Blog – Involvement Strategy
Involving our customers in the delivery of their services is the most natural of processes for Outlook Care. The people we support are the experts.
We look to them to influence how their services are designed and operate. We believe that greater involvement of customers will shape and influence the organisation leading to happier customers.
Customer involvement is firmly embedded within Outlook Care but there is always room for improvement, at an individual, service or organisational level. We have refreshed our Involvement Strategy which has evolved from working alongside our customers through a number of forums, experts by experience, customer meetings, surveys and from general conversational feedback. We have also been reviewing our Vision and Values, involving staff and people we support and we aim to re-energise, refocus and ensure we continue to keep our customers, new and existing central to all decision making.
Decisions and choices made by people we support will impact at an individual, service and organisational level. We will continue to empower the natural leaders of those we support to campaign on behalf of others and we will empower people we support to share their stories to further develop a culture of innovation and opportunity.
We will be launching our refreshed Involvement Strategy to all customers and staff over the coming weeks outlining the finer details. I, for one, am very excited about this development and I know people we support and our terrific staff will be too.
All the very best.
Piotr Rejek
Chief Executive
01277 633163


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Graphic Creations213 E. 4th Ave.Knoxville, TN 37917USA865-522-6221 Phone865-522-0309 email@example.com
Graphic Creations has been producing Custom Printed Banners for indoor and outdoor applications for years. We use State of the Art Banner Printing Equipment and pay very close attention to detail to ensure that every banner we produce is of the highest quality possible. You can count on us to produce only the finest in Full Color Custom Printed Banners.
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An emollient-based lightweight and creamy concealer that provides discreetly opaque coverage. Contains SPF 35 protection. Offers smooth, long-wearing, invisible correction for all skin blemishes, imperfections and discolorations with a natural matte finish. This formula is so concentrated that a small amount can conceal and correct a number of imperfections. The antioxidant-rich concealer helps to absorb excess oil and feeds the skin with derivatives of vitamin A and E.
- Offers broad-spectrum UVA/UVB SPF 35
- Long wearing, 12 hours
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Explore the entire range of Concealer available on Nykaa. Shop more M.A.C products here.You can browse through the complete world of M.A.C Concealer .
Expiry Date: 15 June 2021


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Material selection is a core service provided by architects, but that process is far from simple. The Materials Matter Certificate Program untangles the complexities of that process in five essential courses. The key? Materials transparency. When you know everything you can about the materials you use, you're able to make the best product decisions for projects, people, and the environment. The courses cover different types of impacts, and best practices for reducing these impacts, from industry-best instructors. Take all five courses and earn a certificate!
For a limited time, click the red button below to purchase the full series at 25% off!


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|Home > Health and diseases > Other diseases > Cerebral apoplexy (apoplexia)
In birds cereblral apoplexy in general is quite rare. In most cases older budgies, cockatiels
or lovebirds are affected by this health problem. It is fairly unlikely that a young bird
gets hit by a stroke.
What is a cerebral apoplexy?
The most frequent symptom of a cerebral apoplexy is that one half of the body is completely lamed. That means the toes, the foot, the leg and even the wing are paralysed. This can easily be explained: In general only one brain hemisphere is affected by the lack of oxygen and therefore the opposite half of the body is paralysed due to a stroke. Many birds also go blind, but in general only one eye is affected (the one on the side where the limps are lamed). After falling off the perch the bird lies on the ground and is hardly able to move. The animal seems to have lost orientation and many birds are in panic. It is very hard for a bird owner to calm a budgie down right after an apoplexy occurred.
In the first days after it happened most birds suffer from an absence of appetite and therefore they could starve if their owner doesn't give them special care such as taking them to an animal hospital immediately.
How to diagnose a cerebral apoplexy
Depending on how well the therapy takes effect, the bird is out of the woods within a week. If the drugs still show no effect after one week the brain damages caused by the apoplexy are too heavy and therefore are immedicable. In this case you should think about putting the poor bird down even though this might be a very hard decision for you. Sometimes life becomes a torture for a bird who survived an apoplexy and there is no hope that things will turn to good account. Even though it hurts it's better release the suffering little soul.
Accommodation of apoplexy patients
Other things you can do to help your bird
A diet of soft and healthy food is very important for the birds. You should offer them soaked or sprouted seeds. Since birds are in need of vitamin b you should add wheat to the seed mixture. Sprouted wheat contains lots of healthy nutrients and also vitamin b. Fresh food like fruit or vegetables should also be part of the daily diet.
Some avian vets recommend adding vitamin supplements to the drinking water. As long as the water dishes are cleaned at least once a day this is a good advice. Most liquid vitamin supplements contain lots of sugar and therefore the drinking water can easily be contaminated by pathogenic germs. Therefore it is so important to clean or even disinfect the dishes carefully.
Even though most birds feel cold after an apoplexy you should never warm them with an infrared lamp (warmth therapy). Due to the heat, the blood vessels dilate and especially inside the brain this causes an increase of the blood pressure. Higher blood pressure can cause irreparable damage to the already battered brain sections and worsen the bird's health status.
In order to re-establish the mobility of the paralysed limbs, it can be advisable to carefully train the bird (physical therapy). Please ask your avian vet about this training and do not start too early. The sick bird should not be trained within the first week after it suffered the apoplexy.
A bird's life after a cerebral apoplexy
To be honest the hardest part of all is to decide whether the bird can lead a good life with a remaining handicap or not. An objective decision is so hard to make that it is always better to ask at least one other person for help. And of course one should discuss the case history and the prognosis with an avian vet. Sometimes a feathered patient survives the apoplexy and even seems to recover within the first few weeks. But then the health status does not improve anymore and the bird for example would never be able to eat without the help of its owner. Even though one is full of hope on the one hand and on the other hand full of fear of losing a beloved pet, sometimes it is necessary to take the final step and put a bird to sleep.
All photos and the text on this page are protected by the copyright law. In case you'd like to use photos or texts for your own non-commercial purpose, please contact the author.


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Porcelain: A Contemporary Cultural Touchstone 瓷器——现当代文化的试金石 Nancy Selvage, 2012 江西景德镇有着一千年的制瓷史,它地处南中国,特有的地理环境为它提供了丰富的原材料,几个世纪的瓷土和釉料生产技术的发展,大规模定烧御用瓷,
09/10/2012 14:08:37 作者:
China Society for Anthropologies of Art is a national first grade society; it is a legally registered, nationwide, and non-profit social academic community, which engages in the study of art anthropology-related issues.
07/24/2012 16:42:08 作者:
Curriculum Vitae of Lili Fang Education: 1996—1998, doing postdoctor research in Postdoctor Mobile Institute of Sociology & Anthropology, Peking University, gaining postdoctor degree 1993—1996, studying in Dept. of Fine Art History,
05/16/2010 19:54:19 作者:
Even in a remote mountainous area in GuizhouMiaoVillage, the impact of globalization is felt everywhere. The establishment of the Ecomuseum accelerated the opening up process of these villages. Young males and middle-aged labourers have gone out to work in the cities , They left their traditional cultural envirorments and entered into
05/10/2010 19:27:31 作者:Fang Lili
Summary Like most research, the conclusions reached in this book are based on first-hand field studies, focusing on indigenous societal experience and facts. This book speaks about the Chinese Experience; most information comes from field studies, primarily from two State Key Research Projects: "A Database of Anthropology Resources in...
05/06/2010 08:20:58 作者:
Prof. Fang lili attended the American Anthropological Association (AAA) annual meeting
05/06/2010 08:19:33 作者:
"The series books of western China humanity resources study" had been accomplished by the National key subject group of "Protection, development and utilization of western China humanity resource". The subject was started in the second year of the Western Development project of the Country, it's proposed by Mr. Fei xiaotong, and launched by...
05/06/2010 08:16:17 作者:
Tentative Invitation for 2010 China International Conference on Art Anthropology
Respected Mr./Ms We are the Secretariat of China art anthropology institute, the institute is a national first grade institute which is directly managed by Ministry of Culture of the People's Republic of China. The institute and Chinese nationa...
05/06/2010 08:12:42 作者:
The Research Center of Art Anthropology was established in Feb. 2004. Director of the Center, Prof. Fang Lili is researcher of the Chinese Academy of Art, president of China Society for Anthropologies of Art, and tutor of student for doctor's degree. The aim of the Center is to
05/05/2010 10:38:24 作者:
CURRICULUM VITAE OF YANG MINKANG DATE AND PLACE OF BIRTH: October 15, 1955; Kunmin of Yunnan Province, China ACADEMIC DEGREES: M.A., Central Conservatory of Music (Ethnomusicology); Ph.D., The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Ethnomusicology)
05/04/2010 22:01:41 作者:
WANG Jie Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities & Social Sciences 9th floor Yifu Building Nanjing University 22 Hankou Road Nanjing 210093 P. R. China Tel: +86-25-83592980 Cell phone: +86-138-519-39072 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com Personal Detail Gender: Male
05/04/2010 22:01:20 作者:
Brief introduction Xing Li (female, born in Nov.1945), professor and PhD supervisor of Folklore in School of Literature, Journalism and Communication in Minzu University of China; The academic leader in folklore in MUC; Graduated from Chinese Language and Literature Department of Capital Normal University In July 1968, and then engaged in ...
05/04/2010 21:58:45 作者:


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Aldridge keeps Spurs' All-Star streak alive
L.A. is headed to L.A.
For the sixth time in seven seasons, Spurs forward LaMarcus Aldridge has been named an NBA All-Star.
He made the list of Western Conference reserves, chosen by a ballot of the conference's coaches and announced by the league Tuesday.
Having turned his cell phone off during the game, Aldridge learned of his selection while on the AT&T Center floor, warming up before Tuesday's game against Cleveland.
"I wasn't thinking about it," said Aldridge said. "I'm happy I made it. I'm honored. I'm thankful. I'm going to enjoy it, but I really haven't thought much about it today."
Heading into the season, Aldridge made securing an invitation to this year's All-Star game in Los Angeles a personal goal.
He missed the game last season after earning All-Star honors five consecutive years from 2011 to 2016.
Aldridge's selection gives the Spurs a representative in 19 consecutive All-Star games.
Since joining the NBA in 1976, the Spurs have placed a player in 39 of 41 All-Star games.
Spurs coach Gregg Popovich said Aldridge was deserving, having propped the Spurs to a 30-18 record entering Tuesday despite lengthy injuries to Kawhi Leonard and Tony Parker.
"L.A. is the reason we've kept a pretty good record and stayed in the hunt with some many injuries," Popovich said. "He's been a warrior fr sure. We'd be in deep kimchi if he isn't playing the way he is."
As recently as last summer, it appeared as if the 32-year-old Aldridge might be on the way out of San Antonio.
He was uncertain about his role entering his third season with the Spurs, and Aldridge and Popovich have both acknowledged they discussed the possibility of trading him.
Instead, Aldridge signed a three-year extension worth $72.3 million extension.
He has played up to it so far, averaging 22.3 points and 8.7 rebounds - highs for his Spurs tenure - while shooting 48.7 percent.
Aldridge has led the team in scoring in 36 of 46 games before Tuesday, the most of any player in the league.
He has also been the best frontline defender for a Spurs team ranked second in the NBA in defensive efficiency.
"It's LaMarcus' team and we all work around him," Spurs guard Patty Mills said. "He's done a great job all year of being a leader, and everyone else following."
Aldridge will have to wait to find out the identity of his All-Star teammates.
This year's All-Star game will feature a revamped format, scrapping the traditional East-West configurations for an arrangement featuring captains choosing sides.
The top vote-getters in each conference - Golden State's Stephen Curry and Cleveland's LeBron James - will pick their squads from the available pool of players.
The final rosters are to be announced Thursday.
Jeff McDonald is a San Antonio Express-News staff writer. Read more of his stories here. | email@example.com | @JMcDonald_SAEN


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m!ka Pole Support. Your partner for the ideal m!ka System Pole mounting.
m!ka System Pole Support offers you a choice of multiple ways to mount your m!ka System Poles. Choose between different options to mount them to your desk or ceiling.
Spec Check: m!ka System Pole Desktop Mounting Kit
- For permanent mounting of m!ka System Poles to desks
- Suitable panel thickness: max. 50mm
- Large washers to secure durable fit
- Anodized dual color (aluminum/black) aluminum washers
- Choose the top washer according to your m!ka Pole's color
- Comes with two Cable Clamps and one Yellow Spacer
- Includes screw to fit Pole nut
Order Information:
- YT3245 m!ka System Pole Desktop Mounting Kit (dual color)
Spec Check: m!ka Bushing with Pole Sting
- Plug-in mount for m!ka System Poles
- Only to be used in combination with a m!ka Pole Sting to fix m!ka System Poles
- To be used to table-mount m!ka
- For maximum carrying capacity
- Recommended for furniture integration, especially for standby mounting points
- Bushings mounted in different places allow for quick relocation of m!ka Poles
- To fix it, drill a hole with ø22mm
- Suitable panel thickness: up to 45mm
- Sturdy construction
- Made of elegant stainless steel
- Without the use of a m!ka Pole Sting it also directly holds m!ka Mic Arms / m!ka EasyLift Monitor Arms / m!ka Studiolight
Order Information:
- YT3211 m!ka Bushing
- YT3218 m!ka Pole Sting
Spec Check: m!ka System Pole Ceiling Mounting Kit
- To permanently mount m!ka System Poles to ceilings
- ø 14,5cm
- Arrange the m!ka System Pole in the center of the Ceiling Mount with the help of a screw and nut
- Fix the Ceiling Mount to your ceiling by using four screws
- CAUTION: Make sure that your ceiling and fasteners are suitable to hold the load
Order Information:
- YT3248 m!ka System Pole Ceiling Mounting Kit
Spec Check: m!ka Pole Safety Stop
- To be used for safety reasons
- Prevents your gear from crashing down a m!ka Pole
- Especially recommended when you loosen lock screws to adjust your gear's position
- To be inserted inside the m!ka Pole's flute below your affixed m!ka equipment
- Allen key included
Order Information:
- YT3222 m!ka Pole Safety Stop


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Book Reviews
Wellington Middle School wants our students and staff to be life-long readers.
In an effort to support literacy and promote a reading climate, many of our teachers take reading classes, read middle school books, and write Book Reviews. Click the link below the photo to read what our teachers are saying about the books they have read. Enjoy!
Do you have as much fun reading as your teachers?
Click here for Teacher Book Reviews
We also have many student readers who enjoy sharing their Book Reviews. Click the link below to read what some of our students are saying about the books they have read. Enjoy!
Click here for Student Book Reviews
Click the links below to hear some of our students reviewing the latest books they have read. Enjoy! (Links coming soon...)
Audio Book Reviews by Students


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Good Morning Y'all! I know it's been a hot minute since I have written anything for my blog and I apologize for leaving y'all hanging. It wasn't intentional, I promise. Somewhere in the middle of Camp NaNo, I think I lost my drive to write. I finished six days early and I couldn't bring myself … Continue reading DID YA MISS ME?
Category: House of Representatives
Good morning y'all, Today (Sunday) Camp NaNoWriMo (National Novel Writing Month, started. During the month of July, I will attempt to write 50,000 words. Which means I will attempt to write 1,613 words a day. During camp, your word count is flexible as your project, meaning we can write whatever we want during camp. I … Continue reading KIDNAPPER IN CHIEF
Good Morning Y'all. I wasn't going to write a blog for this morning, but my bestie said I should write. If I don't write, I was letting the "them" win. You see, I wasn't going to write because of the shooting that happened today. (Thursday) It really hit home for me today that a gunman … Continue reading SADNESS
Hello! How are y'all doing? I am having a great time on vacation in Florida. I am getting spend time with friends who are like being with family and I love them all so much. 💜💜 I hadn't planned on writing any blogs while I am on vacation, but Donald Trump opened his mouth about … Continue reading DAMMIT TRUMP, I'M ON VACATION
As an American citizen, I am absolutely appalled at what the leaders of this country are doing. I have been trying to figure out how to write the blog post without it being full of curse words, and I will try to refrain from going blue, I cannot promise I will not. If curse words … Continue reading WHERE ARE THE CHILDREN?
This morning when I began checking my email and doing research for my next blog, I was bombarded with ads for the three-day weekend and posts on social media about finding a beach and planting themselves for the next three days. We are a country of so-called patriots, but do people understand the meaning around … Continue reading MEMORIAL DAY
Good Morning Y'all! 🤠 Yet again, I am writing late at night. I really need to learn to follow the schedule I set for myself. I write down what I need to do each day in my planner, but it seems like it all flies out the window and I get nothing done. Although, I … Continue reading STOP RACISM


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4,5 Hours Boat Tour to Los Gigantes & Masca on Freebird
Why should you do a Catamaran Tour in Tenerife visit to Los Gigantes & Masca?
Come on board of Freebird to have a fantastic day out on the sea. The duration of the boat tour will be 4,5 hours.
That is time enough to watch whales or dolphins (maybe even both), visit the breathtaking cliffs of Los Gigantes, swimming and to eat some warm food. Free bar on board is also available.
This tour, like the majority of boat trips from Puerto Colon Tenerife, once started, will take direction to la Gomera. By the way, Puerto Colon is located in Costa Adeje, so it will not take you long to get there from your hotel or apartment.
Between La Gomera and Tenerife are living permanently whales and dolphins. We will make a few stops there so you will have the possibility to make pictures and videos of these admirable animals.
The most popular species in the Canarian waters are bottlenose dolphins, which are very famous thanks to their appearance in the movie "Flipper", and the very lovely pilot whales.
After meeting these charismatic animals, we will continue our trip with the goosebump making experience visiting the huge Los Gigantes Cliffs, one of the most impressive cliffs in Europe.
On the way to Los Gigantes, we will pass by Barranco Seco, and make a stop to swim in the crystal clear water of the Masca bay. After refreshing ourselves we will have a lunch.
On the way back we will see all the coast between Los Gigantes and Puerto Colon.
Check also out our article to find out more things to see in Costa Adeje.
Los Cristianos – Playa de las Americas, Costa Adeje
El Duque, La Caleta, Callao Salvaje, Playa Paraiso,
Los Gigantes, Puerto Santiago,
El Medano, Golf del Sur, Costa del Silencio
Or to go to the harbour by Feet / car / taxi (NOT INCLUDED)