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Saucony had been on the shoe business since 1898 and up to now, they are still known for the high quality running shoes they manufactured. They have established respectable reputation when it comes to athletic shoes. If you are looking for the perfect running shoes, you may want to consider Saucony running shoes. Here are some features of Saucony running shoes that you need to know.
Why Saucony shoes are recommended for running?
Saucony running shoes have been recommended mostly by professional runners and athletes. This is because of the unique features and durability of the shoes. They are guaranteed to last for a very long period of time so your money won't go into waste. Fitting is one of the most notable features of Saucony shoes. They have the perfect fitting for your feet. They also comes with perfect cushioning to make sure that your feet are comfortable for running and also to prevent your feet from getting injured. The right fitting and cushioning of the shoes are very important because the comfort of your feet depend on these factors. If you are not comfortable with your shoes, you cannot last long with your run and outdoor activities and you may end up wasting your time with injured feet.
Another feature of these shoes is the durability. These shoes can last long without decreasing the benefits they can give to your feet. You can use these shoes for everyday activities. By the way, if you are looking for casual shoes, Saucony also have them. You can look for different designs on their Jazz O, which is designed for everyday use. You can visit ZBSports.com if you want to buy some casual shoes.
Saucony running shoes provides a soft ride with good stability and a great transition from heel to toe. These shoes also provide extraordinary foot protection and are very light in weight so you can enjoy your running and you can perform well.
Saucony have different types of running shoes for different kinds of feet because each person has different shape of feet. This is very important when you are buying a pair of shoes. You have to consider the pronation of your feet. Basically, there are three types of pronation; overpronation means flat feet, underpronation means high arch and neutral pronation means average arch. This pronation factor is very important in running because the arching in your foot creates the motion control. And the right shoe pronation will most likely protect you from getting foot injury. You have to remember that when it comes to buying a pair of shoes, you have to make sure that you are comfortable with the right kind of shoes for right type of activity.
If you are looking for a store where you can buy Saucony running shoes, you can visit ZBSports.com: a small uniquely holistic internet retailer and outdoor sport store located in Philly, PA and Hendersonville, NC. They have a wide variety of athletic shoes and apparel. They are actually a one-stop-shop for your sports apparel needs.
Saturday, August 7, 2010
Saucony Running Shoes – Most Recommended Shoes for Runners
Labels: saucony, saucony running shoes, saucony shoes
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February 6th, 2016. I got a chance to experience a nice staycation at Kosenda Hotel. I heard about the hotel long time ago but never went there. So, when my friends asked me to join them, I said, "Definitely!" Located in Wahid Hasyim street near Thamrin area, I ordered Uber to take me there. It's so easy to find the place.
When I arrived, I saw the hotel and I was amazed by their facade. It looked so tough with cute fish pond. I walked up the stairs straight to the lobby. It was a small lobby but very comfortable. Well, let me show you the pictures.
The lobby was small. But quite nice. Well, when you are in a business trip, and you need some rest, you don't need big lobby. You just need comfortable bed. Correct me if I'm wrong. So yeah, don't expect big and beautiful and elegant lobby. Small and convenient enough to do some check-in. That's all we need, right?
PETITA ROOM (Room 705)
Intimate and homey, 32 Petita rooms create new frontiers and experiences
Room size: 16.00 sam
Queen or twin bed
Luxury 33cm thick mattress with comfortable mattress top by Lady Americana
32 inch SAMSUNG LED IP TV
iPod Dock
4 complimentary 600 ml bottles of distilled water
Zucchetti and Duravit sanitary
FREE in room unlimited internet (wireless or broadband)
Goose down pillows and duvets
Satellite and cable TV
It's a small room. When I came to the room, I was a little bit surprised, but after a while I thought, I didn't need a spacious one because I won't do anything in my room. There were so many things to do outside the room. Great thing, the bed was very comfortable. I found myself lying on the bed snugly. Fun fact: we had to listen to "dangdut" music while we're trying to sleep. LOL. And I heard a conversation between a man and a woman, but I had no idea it came from which direction. LOL. Btw, they have no room service. So if you're hungry in the middle of the night, just go downstairs and order food from 24 hours Waha Kitchen. 🙂
Some bathrooms didn't have a curtain. So yeah, it was quite unique, only separate by glass. But, the shower was comfortable. I found myself taking a long good shower. Alone, of course.
Spicy, fresh, thrilling and bright. A new level of peranakan cuisine has arrived in Jakarta at Waha Kitchen. It's a brilliant mix of Southeast Asian Cuisine combined with precision and plated by notable Melbourne and Sydney restauranteur of 25-years.
A visit to Waha Kitchen isn't complete without a signature laksa. A bowl of noodles that swim in fragrant coconut curry broths and are topped with seafood or roast duck, chicken, or vegetables. Plates of fried spiced prawns dipped in chilli and lime mayonnaise are a great introduction to the cuisine. Share small plates of mixed satay skewers topped with peanut sauce, cracking spring rolls with chilli fish sauce, or thick rice paper rolls dinked in hoi-sin peanut sauce. Larger dishes showcase the quality of local ingridients. Lemongrass and tamarind enliven a steamed whole fish, and red yoghurt curry lifts a lamb vindaloo to great heights.
We had our breakfast here. What a nice place to eat. The selections of food wasn't that much but they were all delicious. I couldn't stop eating the fried chicken. It was very good!!! Btw, I didn't like their Egg Benedict. A little bit tasteless. But the breakfast buffet, amazing! Like I said before it's not much, but delicious enough to make me come back to the buffet table again and again and again.
127 cafe seems like a world away from the bustle of Jakarta with the gurgling of flowing water and stillness of towering green bamboo. Recline in original and classic designer couches and enjoy the early morning's caffeine fix and foodie treats.
A long list of fresh fruit and vegetables juices deliver tastes of Indonesia that dance in the mouth. For a fun afternoon break, try 127 cafe's version of high tea. Assorted and ever-changing bit-sized sandwiches and traditional sweets with contemporary flair are a great match with coffee and make for a fun group event.
We were having our breakfast here too. It's a comfortable place to sit. I love the sofas and the tables. Very artistic. We can order coffee too here. Well, it's such a nice place to chit chat after long walk or before take a nap.
Breathtaking rooftop bar and surrounded by lush green gardens, delivering sweeping city view, watch day become night, Jakarta skyline, and the citylights start twinkling. Take shape as you relish the warm weather, fantastic Asian Tapas BBQ and flavour some cocktails and buckets beer, its a treat.
Surrounded by lush green gardens, watch the city's nightlights start twinkling as chefs in the corner kitchen grill and serve soft shelled crab dusted in curry and biscuits crumbs, juicy lamb cutlets, and marinated duck breast. Signature cocktails and mocktails are shaken and stirred with flair behind the bar and delivered to those relaxing on the plush lounges. Watch day become night and Jakarta's skyline take shape as you relish the warm weather, fantastic food and flavour some cocktails at Awan Lounge. It's a treat.
Try to go there at night. It was fun. But I couldn't take pictures. Too dark. So yeah, I came back in the morning and trying to capture the fun LOL.
Thank you Kosenda Hotel for your hospitality. Surely I will be back for more fun there.
Kosenda Hotel
Jl. KH Wahid Hasyim No.127
Jakarta 10240
Phone: 021-31936868
IG: @kosendahotel

subset: commoncrawl


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What is a stamp card ?
They are loyalty cards that you can find in fast food or hairdressing for exemple, and allow a gain after a defined number of purchases, often materialized by stamp pads on a paper card.
You can now find this type of cards in the "Stamp cards" section in FidMe.
Posted in: My FidMe stampcards


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Suite 700
Dallas, TX 75201
Professional Experience
Scott Lewis joined the Dallas office of CBRE Capital Markets after graduating from business school in 2000. Since then he has successfully originated, structured and closed hundreds of transactions with an emphasis on institutional quality assets.
Mr. Lewis co-leads one of the top commercial teams within CBRE. That team consists of five professionals with over 50 years of combined real estate finance experience. Mr. Lewis and his team have been recognized among the top producers within Debt & Structured Finance. The Dallas Business Journal identified Mr. Lewis as a Heavy Hitter/ Top Broker in 2011, 2012 and 2013.
Mr. Lewis represents primarily institutional clients including some of the top pension fund, REIT and private equity fund investors in the country. Recent notable transactions include The Dallas and Houston TIAA CREF Portfolio, the Sealy Texas and Georgia Portfolio, Coppell Commerce & Business Centers, Timber Creek Crossing and Greenway Commons. Since 2008, Mr. Lewis has closed over 75 transactions with more than 35 different capital sources.
Professional Affiliations / Accreditations
- SMU Real Estate Society
- Appraisal Institute of America Conference Panelist
- Trammell Crow Senior Leadership Conference Panelist
- Recognized as "Top Broker" by Dallas Business Journal
- Southern Methodist University, Master of Business Administration
- The University of Texas at Austin, Bachelor of Business Arts; Accounting
Significant Assignments
- The Anatole Hotel
- Del Mar Office Portfolio
- Plano Corporate Center
- Pablo Creek Plaza
- Gateway Shopping Center
- Stewart Creek Apartments
- International Floral Design Center
- Atascocita Center
- Mandalay Apartments
- Stonehollow Industrial Portfolio
- Shops at San Marco
- Haynes Bridge Village
- Memorial Collection
- Advantage Self Storage Portfolio
- Hampton Court
- National Archives Warehouse
- Aetna
- Allianz
- Allstate
- Aviva
- Chief Partners
- Cole Capital
- Forester Properties
- Founders Properties
- Greenfield Partners
- Lincoln Property Company
- National Life
- Northwestern Mutual
- Oregon PERS
- Pacific Coast Capital Partners
- Prime Finance
- Prudential
- RioCan
- Sealy & Company
- Thackeray Partners
- Thrivent Financial
- Trident Capital Group
- Woodmen of the World


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Sherwoods Minibuses are proud to support Thirsk Yarnbombers. Alongside 50 other yarnbombers Sherwoods took to the streets of Thirsk in disguise overnight on Saturday 23 April to help decorate the Market Place with knitted & crocheted decorations along the Le Tour route ahead of the Tour de Yorkshire this weekend. If you've not already visited Thirsk you really must! The beautiful creations that Thirsk Yarnbombers have spent months lovingly creating are not to be missed. We would also like to thank Thirsk Yarnbombers for bringing together the community and for making the town look stunning.
Here is a gallery of our yarnbombing adventures:
To book a minibus or to make a general enquiry, please ask:


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Our Primary Class is an enriched curriculum for children ages 2 ½ – 6 years old. The Montessori Method encourages the child to move from the concrete to the abstract with ease.
Some of the activities the children enjoy throughout the school year include field trips, community outings, special guests, gym classes, skating, music/dramatic plays and two stage performances are some of the activities we enjoy throughout the school year.
Primary Schedule
7:30 – 8:45
Extended Care
8:45 – 11:00
Individual and group Montessori lessons and presentations
Snack table open
Art area and easel open
11:00- 11:20
Group Circle (themes, discussions, stories and songs)
11:30- 12:20
Outside Time (weather permitting) either in the school yard or a
Walk in the neighbourhood
Gym Time (if we do not go outside)
12:20 – 1:10
Lunch Time
1:15 – 2:30
Rest Time
2:30 – 3:00
Montessori work
3:00 – 3:15
End of the day Circle and prepare to go home
3:20 – 4:00
Outside Time (weather permitting)
Gym time (if we do not go outside)
4:00 – 4:20
Snack Time for children who stay for Extended Care
After School Program (Extended Care)
* Once a month we have a 1 hour Music Class.
* The children go on field trips once a month.
* Special guests come into the class (theme related)
* Centrepointe Librarian comes into the class once a month for an hour for reading and
story telling
* Two stage performances per year.
* Basic French Vocabulary (songs stories, poems, books and vocabulary cards)


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Robert D. Moreton
Robert D. Moreton ("Rob") earned his bachelor's degree from North Carolina State University and his juris doctorate, magna cum laude, from Nova Southeastern University in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. He devotes 90% of his practice to civil litigation with a focus in the areas of family, estates, and bankruptcy. The remaining 10% of his practice is helping clients plan so they avoid the possibility of litigation.
Rob represents clients in circuit, general district, and juvenile and domestic relations district courts of Fairfax, Prince William, Loudoun, Alexandria, Stafford, and Arlington. He also represents many individual and business clients in the United States Bankruptcy Court. Rob is experienced in handling complicated civil matters and is particularly familiar with the interplay of family and bankruptcy law.
When he's not in the office, Rob finds long runs to be the best way to blow off steam and playing golf the best means of honing his patience. Having called the Washington, D.C. area home for the past fifteen years, Rob dedicates the balance of his time to staying active in the community.
Bar Admissions:
Commonwealth of Virginia
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia
U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of Virginia
Professional Affiliations:
Virginia State Bar
Virginia Bar Association
Fairfax Bar Association
American Bar Association
Virginia Trial Lawyers Association
American Bankruptcy Institute


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Given an array of integers, calculate the fractions of its elements that are positive, negative, and are zeros. Print the decimal value of each fraction on a new line.
Note: This challenge introduces precision problems. The test cases are scaled to six decimal places, though answers with absolute error of up to are acceptable.
For example, given the array there are elements, two positive, two negative and one zero. Their ratios would be , and . It should be printed as
Function Description
Complete the plusMinus function in the editor below. It should print out the ratio of positive, negative and zero items in the array, each on a separate line rounded to six decimals.
plusMinus has the following parameter(s):
- arr: an array of integers
Input Format
The first line contains an integer, , denoting the size of the array.
The second line contains space-separated integers describing an array of numbers .
Output Format
You must print the following lines:
- A decimal representing of the fraction of positive numbers in the array compared to its size.
- A decimal representing of the fraction of negative numbers in the array compared to its size.
- A decimal representing of the fraction of zeros in the array compared to its size.
Sample Input
-4 3 -9 0 4 1
Sample Output
There are positive numbers, negative numbers, and zero in the array.
The proportions of occurrence are positive: , negative: and zeros: .


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Sound Facilitator Training
Journey into Sound Workshop
Birth Pros
Find a SoundBirth Doula
Expectant Couples
Private Sessions
Sound for Kids Workshop
Sound Journeys
Sound Massage
Koshi Chimes
Piano Lessons
Play with Sound
The Sound Zone
Experience "The Sound Zone" with me!
What is "The Sound Zone?"
This is when you get to PLAY with all of my sound tools/instruments! There is no talking. Just playing. Instruments are spread out around the room and the participants' job is to follow their intuitions/impulses/curiosity (just as a child would ... but with more awareness) and explore.
While participants are playing they are invited to bring all of their attention to the instrument, the sounds they are creating and the sound the whole group is co-creating.
What to Expect?
Expect to enter the "unknown"... and then to KNOW what you need to do (or play) next! Often in life we feel anxious because we don't know what to do next or what's going to happen next. This "Sound Zone" experience teaches us that even though you might not know what's going to happen (or what something will sound like) in each and every moment, when paying attention to the moment you WILL know what to do next! It also teaches that you actually can't make a "mistake" when you are present to your natural curiosity and inner wisdom.
Expect to feel child-like, calm, present to the core of your being, intuitive, joyful, connected to every person in the group and sound created.
What are the Benefits?
Trust in yourself's ability in making decisions and trying new things.
Connection to yourself and the people in the group you are playing with.
Confidence in your natural musical abilities.
Feeling of calm and presence which flows into your life after the session.
More productivity and creativity after the session because you have had time to re-connect with yourself.
Balancing left and right hemispheres of the brain
Release of happy hormones
Feeling of joy, relaxation and general wellbeing
Who is it for?
Anyone! But here's a list for you!
Corporate team-building
Groups dealing with depression, overcoming addiction, anger, illness
Special needs kids and adults
Teenagers feeling a bit lost in the world ... or stressed out from studying for exams.
Families needing to bond
Anyone/group who just wants to experience playing very beautiful instruments in "The Sound Zone"!
If you have a group who would like to participate in a once of Sound Zone session or regular sessions please contact me to discuss your groups needs. firstname.lastname@example.com or 0419285500.
Cost will depend on travel distance, time-frame and what you are wanting to achieve in the session. So please ask!
Contact Nicole About Your Group!
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Sound Facilitator Training
Journey into Sound Workshop
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Sound Massage
Koshi Chimes
Piano Lessons


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"Bang Bang" Is this how you name a movie, especially a Hrithik Roshan and Katrina Kaif movie? I asked myself when I first came to know that Siddharth Anand is making the official remake of Hollywood blockbuster "Knight and Day" starring Tom Cruise and Cameron Diaz!
A few months later, the trailer hit the screens. Bang bang! The reception was loud and thumping! And the trailer also became the fastest to collect 2 million views in just 18.5 hours, beating the erstwhile record of Kick, the 'recordman' Salman Khan's movie. That was unbelievable yet believable, because the movie had Bollywood's most stunningly stylish and red-hot pair of Hrithik Roshan and Katrina Kaif. The pair had set screens ablaze already in Zoya Akhtar's "Zindagi Naa Milegi Dobara". They are beauty and brawn epitomized on the celluloid!
However, what they bring firing all guns in Bang Bang are the killer dance moves in plentiful display in the movie's hottest tracks "Tu Meri" and the title track "Bang Bang"! I love watching both these stars dance, be it in movies or award ceremonies. It was obvious that I would get mesmerized again, after watching the music videos:
'Tu Meri'
and, 'Bang Bang'
Although I like both the songs, but my vote for best choreography goes to the title track 'Bang Bang'. Its a dream to watch Hrtihik and Katrina groove to the peppy retro number with some suave moves. But the dance belongs to Hrithik, who has paid the most fitting tribute to the 'King of Pop' Michael Jackson, the person whose dance is immortalized in our minds, and we thought no one could ever come close to matching his footsteps. Surprisingly, there is Hrithik Roshan. India's very own Michael Jackson. Believe it!
Hrithik-Katrina will definitely be 'Bang Bang' on target! Can't wait for October 2nd!


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Senior political and military figures in Israel have sharply criticized the US announcement of a military withdrawal from Syria.
An opposition figure described it as a surrender, while a retired air force general said it was a move that would damage the reputation of the United States. Others said it would strengthen Iran, embolden Russia, create complications for Israel and challenges for regional US allies such as Jordan.
Armed forces
Benjamin Netanyahu
Continents and regions
Donald Trump
Eastern Europe
Government and public administration
Middle East
Middle East and North Africa
Misc organizations
North America
Political Figures - Intl
Political Figures - US
Russia meddling investigation
Syria conflict
The Americas
United States
Unrest, conflicts and war
Political figures said the move was acutely embarrassing for Israel Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who has made his close relationship with President Donald Trump one of the cornerstones of his foreign policy.
Trump announced the decision Wednesday, saying in a video on Twitter that the US had defeated ISIS and no longer had a need to stay in Syria. The US has had about 2,000 troops on the ground in Syria, where they have primarily been training local forces and working with Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces to combat ISIS.
'Beaten them badly'
"We've been fighting for a long time in Syria," Trump said in the video posted to Twitter on Wednesday. "I've been President for almost two years and we've really stepped it up. And we have won against ISIS. We've beaten them and we've beaten them badly. We've taken back the land and now it's time for our troops to come back home."
But by contrast, in Israel, Russia and Iran were widely seen as the major beneficiaries of Trump's announcement.
Yair Lapid, leader of the opposition Yesh Atid party tweeted, "The surrender of the Americans from Syria is a failure of Netanyahu's foreign policy. It clears the way for Iran's expansion and narrows Israel's ability to bargain with the Russians."
Ehud Barak, a former Israeli prime minister, who more recently served as Netanyahu's defense minister but is now one of his most vocal critics, said the move exposed the Prime Minister's over-reliance on his relationships with the American and Russian leaders.
"Trump is deserting Syria and the Iranians are celebrating," Barak said. "Endless photo opportunities" between Trump and Netanyahu "will not mask the truth: Trump does not work for Bibi and neither does (Russian President Vladimir) Putin. Israel and only Israel is responsible for its own future and fate," Barak tweeted.
Amos Yadlin, a former general in the Israeli air force and later Israeli military attache to Washington, said that by deserting its Kurdish partners who have assisted in fighting ISIS, Trump was damaging the reputation of the United States and the trust regional states had in it.
In a series of tweets, Yadlin said the withdrawal strengthened the position of America's rivals, which are committed to the region for the long term, and named Russia, Iran, Assad and ISIS.
He added that the strategic ramifications for Israel were not positive, but said he did not believe there was cause for immediate military concern in Israel.
Related Content
- Trump's Syria withdrawal hurts Netanyahu, US reputation, Israelis say
- Israeli minister criticizes Netanyahu amid corruption allegations
- Trump orders US withdrawal from Syria
- Putin praises Trump's Syria withdrawal plan
- GOP lawmaker slams Trump's Syria withdrawal
- Shocking Syria withdrawal plan is pure Trump
- Trump's plan for Syria withdrawal changes again
- Israeli police find 'sufficient evidence' to indict Benjamin Netanyahu
- Netanyahu's troubles deepen as Israeli police arrest confidants
- US withdrawing aid from northwest Syria


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This necklace features an antique pierced, cut steel and gilded metal button, circa 1900, and handwoven brass chainmaille in a foxtail weave design. The focal button is 1 3/4" in diameter.
Origin Story
Cut steel jewelry gained popularity in France during the 18th century when King Louis demanded that citizens turn in their diamonds to help fund war efforts. This type of jewelry features tiny faceted and polished steel studs carved to mimic diamonds and individually riveted in place. Similar in appearance to marcasite, cut steels sparkle brilliantly when polished. Pieces can be dated by looking at the size of the cut steels, which were individually hand-riveted, and the number of facets. Older buckles feature smaller studs with as many as 15 facets. Cut steel jewelry fell out of fashion in the early 20th century when production quality declined and other trends emerged.


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At the age of 12, Kylie Bamberger was diagnosed with an advanced form of alopecia areata called alopecia universalis, an autoimmune disease that results in complete hair loss, including eyelashes, eyebrows, and body hair.
By high school, most of her hair was gone, but she didn't let it bring her down. Five years ago, she decided to embrace the condition and to stop wearing a wig completely. Now, she is a model and motivational speaker, touting messages of self-love and body positivity, and sharing her words of encouragement on Instagram and in interviews.
"Wanted to share with you all a little tidbit on what makes you beautiful & #WhatIModel. @si_swimsuit issue was more diverse than ever before, celebrating women's bodies as they are. 👏 We still need more awareness for hair loss, maybe a bald model featured?!?! @mj_day !! #lovemyswimsuit @swimsuitsforall @womenIRL @aerie@healthmagazine #aerieswim #aeriereal #womenirl #siswimsearch"
So, when it came time for the 27-year-old's wedding in October 2016, she continued to embrace who she is by not wearing a wig.
For parts of the wedding, Bamberger wore a delicate floral headband and in others, she left her head bare.
Bamberger recently shared a #TBT photo from her wedding on social media and the photo went viral thanks to its message of self-love.
After the photos began circulating online, the newlywed explained to Inside Edition that the decision not to wear a wig was an easy one.
"There was no way I was going to wear a wig at my wedding," she said.
As she explained in an interview with Health, "Hair loss doesn't make you unhealthy, and it doesn't make you ugly. Those are two massive, massive misconceptions. I am not sick. I'm only stronger. If you're out there, bald, it just means you're becoming stronger. If you're out there embracing you're bald, you're stronger. Period."
(H/T: Allure)


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I've just had the worst customer experience with a loyalty program benefit. I tried get the best price guarantee and and after 2 months, multiple phone calls and HOURS on hold I got no where.
Has anyone had this issue? Do they actually price match anyone or is it all just non-sense?
Here is the situation
I booked 2-nights at a Westin property on Marriott.com a few days later Travelzoo had a sale. The room rate was half the price I paid plus no resort fee and free breakfast. It was an awesome deal.
So I went back to Marriott.com and submitted a claim form. 24 hours later they got back to me and said they couldn't match because the rate was no longer available. I went back to travelzoo and sure enough the sale was still live. So I booked the room on travelzoo assuming once I did that they would be able to see that they were wrong and make the match.
I submitted another claim via online with the information on the TravelZoo rate. Again was denied. Called into them to discuss and they said they couldn't see the travelzoo confirmation in the system. Went back to marriott.com and figured both stays weren't linked to my account. Linked the Travelzoo into my account. Surely this would solve the problem. Nope.
I called in again to see what was happening. I was put on hold for an hour and six minutes. Called back later that day and finally got a hold of someone and they told me a manager would call me back. That was last Friday. I waited another few days and called back again - this time to the rewards desk thinking they might help.
Their only comment was since this is an SPG benefit I need to email them again and mark it as urgent. And it's possible they weren't matching because the travelzoo offer came with free breakfast and no resort fee. So they won't pricematch a better offer because it's better? That makes no sense.
My biggest issue was I didn't want to get charged for both rooms and needed to cancel today.
They said don't worry you'll get a call back ASAP. 2 hours later I finally gave up and cancelled my Marriot.com reservation.
In the end still got a good rate on Travelzoo. However this ticks me off because of the effort I had to put in. I just moved to Marriott from Hilton and never had a price match issue like this with them. I think booking on Travelzoo also means i'm not getting my room nights. If I miss gold by 2 nights i'm heading back to Hilton. So frustrated.
Anyone else have price match stories either good or bad?


text: Facebook Still working on a French style room for my … Posted 21st November 2016 A Still working on a French style room for my clients, it didn't quite have the feel they were looking for so had to re think it somewhat. You can see the room now it has had some changes made, they are looking for a more ornate design. Share this:Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Related


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It's an interesting practice to do a daily post; I try to write something that I'd find interesting to read again, whether it's a reflection on nature, past travels, or a current experience.
Join me there, if you're so inclined.
My post today was about daily posting; an ordinary post; it's all about the practice of daily writing.
|Southwest Ireland coast, fall 2015


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What: Miss Universe 2008
When: Sunday July 13, 2008
9-11PM Eastern on NBC
Where: Airing live from NHA TRANG, Khanh Hoa, VIETNAM
Very exciting, and CANNOT WAIT to catch the clips of this beautiful city!!!
Catch it, don't miss it!
Set your cell phone alarm!
Cannot wait to re-live our Nha Trang memories. Flashback- Vietnam vacation at the beginning of this year. Photos from Nha Trang:
Nha Trang 1- a ride around Nha Trang
Nha Trang 2 -Vinpearl Land
Nha Trang 3 - Vinpearl Land
Updated 07/15/08 - I didn't miss this show! I watched it live. Ok, so we all heard it by now, Miss USA 2008 fell again second time in a row in the Miss Universe pageant. Yes, Miss USA 2007 fell last year. It's in YouTube and as soon as the live show was over (11pm eastern), the magazines and news got the stories printed already. We were reading it 20 mins later after we got home. It must be so hard for her. Well, just wish next year's better luck and maybe practice walking in the shoes in the gown the week before the competition.


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Excitement is in the air at AllTruckJobs.com as we get prepared for the largest annual heavy-duty trucking industry event in the world! From March 31-April 2, we will be at the 2016 Mid-America Trucking Show (MATS) in Louisville, Kentucky. This will be our 2nd time exhibiting at MATS since our attendance last year.
With over 70,000 attendees and 1,000 exhibitors from the United States and abroad, the show offers opportunities to research the latest products and services, gain insight into current topics in the industry, and network with attendees and exhibitors.
Features for this year's show include:
- Free concert from country music artist Craig Morgan, presented by Mobil Delvac™ heavy-duty diesel engine oil
- The MATS Truck Dealer Showcase featuring new model year trucks from various heavy-duty manufacturers
- The 27th annual PKY Truck Beauty Championship
- MATS Fleet Forum (Conference for fleet executives and Heavy-duty/Commercial vehicle industry VIPs to explore the future of equipment and trucking)
- Truck-oriented seminars providing valuable knowledge for companies, fleets and trucking professionals
Last year we had a blast, and we are more than ready for our second appearance at the largest annual heavy-duty trucking event!
If you're going to be in Louisville at MATS this year, feel free to visit us at booth #62004 in the West Wing of the Kentucky Expo Center!


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Whether it's a TV system for your living room, cooker and fridge-freezer for your kitchen, or washing machine and dryer for your utility room, we'll have it in store.
We offer a range of quality products, that give excellent reliability, modern design and great value. We have an extensive stock, normally delivering and fitting within 48 hours, all work being carried out by our own installers.
Please give us a call. We deliver, we install, we care!


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Applied Surface Science (v.217, #1-4)
Subject Index (IV-XIV).
Author Index (I-III).
Editorial Board (ii).
An intriguing photosensitized heterogeneous sink of nitrous oxide by S.S Prasad (1-6).
Nitrous oxide (N2O) seems to be efficiently destroyed at the room temperature on surfaces of quartz or Pyrex photolysis cells exposed simultaneously to UV radiation (254≤λ≤300 nm) and ozone (O3). Compared to the well-known loss of N2O on various surfaces (including quartz/sand) at high temperatures the new loss process is intriguing. The intriguing aspect is that a combination of UV photons and a gas, rather than the elevated temperature, was instrumental in the surface loss of N2O. Further studies of the loss process might reveal potential useful roles of analogous processes in environmental catalysis and atmospheric chemistry.
Keywords: Surface chemical reaction; Photochemistry; Nitrogen oxides; Ozone; Quartz surface;
Small signal amplification using parametric resonance in NcAFM imaging by Shivprasad Patil; C.V Dharmadhikari (7-15).
The power-spectral analysis of the cantilever signal in large amplitude non-contact atomic force microscopy (NcAFM) is carried out with a view to understanding the dynamics of the system. The analysis shows period doubling bifurcation with respect to mean tip–sample separation. It is observed that period doubling bifurcation can be used for mechanical amplification of small signal using parameter modulation. The possibility of using parametric amplification for the imaging of periodic lattice is proposed. An attempt has been made to image freshly cleaved NaCl single crystal and as received Si(1 1 1) surfaces in ambient conditions.
Keywords: Atomic force microscope; Dynamics of cantilever; Parametric resonance;
Surface modification of TiO2 nanoparticles by polyaniline by Xingwei Li; Wei Chen; Chaoqing Bian; Jinbo He; Ning Xu; Gi Xue (16-22).
A composite of polyaniline (PAn) encapsulating titania (TiO2) with nanometer size was prepared by the oxidating aniline hydrochloride with ammonium peroxodisulfate in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles. The obtained composite was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR), Fourier-transform Raman spectra, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The conductivity was also investigated. FTIR and FT-Raman spectra measurements show that PAn and TiO2 nanoparticles are not simply blended or mixed up, and a strong interaction exists at the interface of nano-TiO2 and PAn. It is probably a composite at molecular level. TGA results suggests that PAn/nano-TiO2 composite contains 10% PAn by mass. The conductivity of PAn/nano-TiO2 composite has reached 2.9×10−2 S cm−1 at 20 °C but the morphology and crystallinity of nano-TiO2 were unchanged.
Keywords: Polyaniline; TiO2 nanoparticles; Composite; Interface;
Microstructure studies on hexagonal layered Ni-S nanocrystals by Xiangcheng Sun (23-27).
Layered nickel-sulfides (Ni-S) nanocrystals had been successfully prepared by low-temperature hydrothermal approach. Rietveld X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that these layered Ni-S materials have two different hexagonal structure phases, NiS1.03 and NiS, both phases are NiAs-type with space group of P63/mmc. X-ray energy dispersive spectra (XEDS) analysis and TEM observations also confirmed these two nanocrystals of NiS1.03 and NiS. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM) lattice images indicated Moiré fringes with rotational or translational patterns were observed in these layered Ni-S nanophases materials. In particular, it was found that all the simulated HREM images were in good agreement with the observed HREM lattice images. Especially, the simulated selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns obtained from the hexagonal Ni-S crystallographic model showed that the experimental SAED patterns taken along [11.0], [00.1] and [10.0] zone axes presented reflections produced by double diffraction effect.
Keywords: Ni-S nanocrystals; High-resolution transmission electron microscopy; Moiré patterns;
Optical and electrical properties of GaN/AlN superlattices grown on Si(1 1 1) substrate by pulsed laser deposition by X.L Tong; Q.G Zheng; Y.X Qin; B.H Yu; Z.J Xi; Z.H Ding (28-33).
Two kinds of GaN/AlN superlattices (SLs) with different thickness strained layers have been grown on Si(1 1 1) substrate using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) assisted by direct current discharge. The optical and electrical properties of the GaN/AlN SLs were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Van der Pauw–Hall measurements, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. It is observed that the background carrier concentration and electron mobility in the GaN/AlN SL with thicker strained layers is bigger than that with thinner strained layers. From the Raman spectra, the experimental data of thinner strained layers GaN/AlN SL are found to be in agreement with the results of previous reports. For the GaN/AlN SL with the thicker strained layers, the GaN E2 peak is absent and the other peaks are obviously broad and weak. In the PL spectra, the SL with thinner strained layers only has strong band edge emission peak. But the SL with thicker strained layers has weak yellow luminescence peak beside weaker band edge emission peak. These suggest that the thickness of strained layers in the GaN/AlN SLs have significant effect on the optical and electrical properties.
Keywords: Pulsed laser deposition; GaN/AlN; Superlattice; Properties;
Nanoscale oxide structures induced by dynamic electric field on Si with AFM by Xiaodong Hu; Tong Guo; Xing Fu; Xiaotang Hu (34-38).
Nanoscale oxide structures are very important for the study of functional nanodevices. Local oxidation induced by electric field with scanning probe microscopy is a promising method. Some oxide lines and dots on Si surface were fabricated using conductive atomic force microscope in this paper. Nanoscale oxide lines induced by dc voltages exhibit the characteristic of single peak, but the hollow structures with higher aspect ratio are observed under the effect of square wave voltages. We present the hollow structures result from the finite diffuse speed and concentration of oxygen ion, and the higher aspect ratio results from the effect of dynamic electric field in the conductor–nonconductor–semiconductor junction formed in the course of fabrication.
Keywords: AFM; Oxide structure; Nanofabrication; Dynamic electric field;
Nanoscale silicon prepared on different substrates using electron-beam evaporation and their field-emission property by Xinyun Xie; Qing Wan; Weili Liu; Chuanling Men; Qing Lin; Chenglu Lin (39-42).
Silicon nanorods (about 10–35 nm height) on silicon and porous silicon substrates were synthesized using ultra-high vacuum electron-beam evaporation in the present of a Fe catalyst. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to estimate the dimension and check the morphology of the silicon nanoclusters. The electron field emission is used to reveals the property of silicon nanorods grown on different substrates.
Keywords: Silicon nanorods; Electron-beam evaporation;
Characterization of ceramic-metal composite hydrogen separation membranes consisting of barium oxide, cerium oxide, yttrium oxide and palladium by R.V. Siriwardane; J.A. Poston; E.P. Fisher; T.H. Lee; S.E. Dorris; U. Balachandran (43-49).
Cermet (ceramic-metal composite) hydrogen separation membranes consisting of barium oxide, cerium oxide, yttrium oxide and palladium were characterized by utilizing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Characterization was performed at room temperature and 650 °C, and after exposure to hydrogen. Changes in both elemental composition and oxidation states were observed at elevated temperatures and as a function of time. Permeation of hydrogen through the membranes also changed with time and temperature.
Keywords: High temperature membranes; Hydrogen separation membranes; Ceramic membranes; Surface characterization of membranes;
Properties of annealed anodically etched porous Zn studied by scanning tunneling microscopy by Sung-Sik Chang; Shu Kurokawa; Akira Sakai (50-55).
We have studied the annealing behavior of anodically etched porous Zn (p-Zn) as a function of annealing time. It is found that 10 min ambient air annealing of Zn yields efficient UV luminescence with a very weak deep-level defect-related luminescence. The emergence of the green luminescence band is observed with an increase of annealing time. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) have been performed on annealed p-Zn. STM studies reveal a more smooth surface for p-Zn annealed for a short period. STS analysis shows a good agreement with observed PL spectra, especially concerning the existence or absence of defect-related luminescence.
Keywords: ZnO; Anodic etching; Annealing; Scanning tunneling microscopy; Scanning tunneling spectroscopy;
The electronic effect of carbon and hydrogen in an (1 1 ̄ 1) edge dislocation core system in bcc iron by S Simonetti; M.E Pronsato; G Brizuela; A Juan (56-67).
The Fe–C–H interaction in a dislocated bcc structure was studied using qualitative structure calculations in the framework of the atom superposition and electron delocalisation molecular orbital (ASED-MO) theory. Calculations were performed using Fe85 cluster to simulate a dislocated bcc structure. The cluster geometry and atomic parameters were optimised to make a better approximation to the repulsive energy terms. The most stable position for C atom inside the cluster was determined. Therefore, and H atom was approximated to the minimum energy region where the C atom was previously located. The total energy of the cluster decreases with the C atom near the dislocation core. The a/2[1 1 ̄ 1] dislocation creates an energetically favourable zone for accumulation of C. The presence of C in the dislocation core make no favourable H accumulation. The C acts such as an expeller of H and could reduce the weakening of Fe–Fe bonds. In addition, a sort of Fe–C–Fe "bridge" could prevent dislocation displacement if a shear stress would be applied.
Keywords: Dislocation; Iron; Carbon; Hydrogen; Embrittlement;
The structure and composition of lithium fluoride films grown by off-axis pulsed laser ablation by S.J Henley; M.N.R Ashfold; S.R.J Pearce (68-77).
Alkali halide coatings have been reported to act as effective dipole layers to lower the surface work function and induce a negative electron affinity of diamond surfaces. Here, the results of the analysis of films grown on silicon and quartz substrates by 193 nm pulsed laser ablation from a commercially available sintered disk of LiF are reported. The morphology, composition and crystallinity of films grown are examined and suitable deposition parameters for optimising the growth are suggested. The ablation was shown to be very efficient at removing a large amount of material from the target, even at relatively low fluence. The morphology of the films produced was poor, however, with a high density of asperities categorised as either particulates produced by exfoliation, or as droplets produced by hydrodynamic sputtering. An improved morphology with smaller droplets and fewer particulates could be produced by mounting the substrate at an angle of 65° to the axis of the ablation plume and using a fluence close to the measured ablation threshold of 1.2±0.1 J/cm2. The elemental composition of the films was shown to be indistinguishable from that of bulk LiF, despite evidence for significant recondensation of Li back onto the target. Films containing crystal grains oriented with the 〈1 0 0〉 direction normal to the substrate surface were observed at substrate temperatures in excess of 300 °C. An improved extent of orientation was observed on the quartz substrates.
Keywords: Lithium fluoride; Pulsed laser ablation;
Growth of GaN nanowires through nitridation Ga2O3 films deposited by electrophoresis by Chengshan Xue; Li Yang; Cuimei Wang; Huizhao Zhuang (78-81).
Synthesizing hexagonal wurtzite GaN nanowires involves nitriding Ga2O3 films, which deposited on GaAs(1 1 0) substrates with electrophoresis. The cylindrical structures of GaN nanowires with the diameters ranging from 40 to 200 nm and lengths up to over 100 μm have been obtained. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed the morphologies of the one-dimensional single crystal materials containing straight and curved nanowires. GaN spherical crystals attached to the fibers with diameters about 600 nm were detected for the first time. The synthesis of one-dimensional GaN nanowires can be achieved without assistance of a template of a catalyst.
Keywords: Nitridation; GaN nanowires; Electrophoresis; Ga2O3 films;
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of polycrystalline AlN surface exposed to the reactive environment of XeF2 by Morimichi Watanabe; Yukimasa Mori; Takahiro Ishikawa; Takashi Iida; Keijiro Akiyama; Kyoichi Sawabe; Kosuke Shobatake (82-87).
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements of polycrystalline AlN surfaces exposed to XeF2 vapor at 1.8×10−4 Torr at sample temperatures ranging from T s=300 to 920 K are reported. No change in the chemical composition and morphology of the AlN surface exposed at T s=300 K was observed from a virgin AlN surface. The AlN surface exposed at T s=700 K is partially fluorinated, forming an AlF3 layer, whereas those exposed at T s=750 and 800 K are found to be completely covered with an AlF3 layer although no change was observed in morphology. Above T s=850 K, however, partially fluorinated AlF x (x=1, 2) species and exposed AlN surface area were observed but no AlF3-passivated layer was detected, probably because the AlF3 formed is desorbed as soon as it forms. Therefore, it is concluded that, above T s=850 K, the fast corrosion reaction of AlN by XeF2 proceeds and thus the AlN surface is strongly etched.
Keywords: XPS; SEM; Corrosion; AlN; Plasma reaction; AlF3;
Substrate temperature dependence of the properties of ZAO thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering by En-Gang Fu; Da-Ming Zhuang; Gong Zhang; Wei-Fang Yang; Ming Zhao (88-94).
ZAO (ZnO:Al) transparent conductive thin films have been prepared by middle-frequency alternative magnetron sputtering with ZAO (98 wt.% ZnO+2 wt.% Al2O3) ceramic target. The influences of substrate temperature on the microstructure, optical, and electrical performances of ZAO films have been studied. UV-Vis and Van der Pauw investigated the visible transmittance, carrier concentration, and Hall mobility, respectively, while microstructure has been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show substrate temperature is a dominant factor for microstructure, optical, and electrical performances of ZAO thin films. The lowest resistivity obtained in this study was 4.6×10−4 Ω cm for the film with sheet resistance of 32 Ω, which was deposited at the substrate temperature of 250 °C and operation gas pressure of 0.8 Pa.
Keywords: Magnetron sputtering; ZAO thin films; Substrate temperature; Resistivity; Transmittance;
Thickness dependence of resistivity for Cu films deposited by ion beam deposition by J.-W Lim; K Mimura; M Isshiki (95-99).
The thickness dependence of the resistivity for Cu films deposited by ion beam deposition (IBD) was evaluated using Fuchs–Sondheimer (F–S) model for electron surface scattering and Mayadas–Shatzkes (M–S) model for electron grain boundary scattering. For fitting the F–S and M–S models to the experimental data, the approximate equations proposed in both models were discussed and it was confirmed that the experimental resistivity of the Cu films could be described well by a simple form combined of the approximate equations for both models. By means of the simple form in this work, the most reasonable fit to the experimental data could be obtained under the conditions of the surface scattering coefficient p=0 and the reflection coefficient at grain boundary R=0.40.
Keywords: Copper; Thin films; Thickness; Resistivity; Ion beam;
Capacitance characteristics in PbSrSe thin films by K Wang; W.Z Shen; H.F Yang (100-107).
We report bias- and frequency-dependent capacitance characteristics in Pb1−x Sr x Se thin films with Sr composition from 0.066 to 0.276 grown by molecular beam epitaxy on BaF2 substrates. A grain boundary barrier model has been presented, which can well explain the experimental observation of the capacitance in relation with the bias, frequency, as well as the Sr composition. Negative capacitance phenomenon has been observed for samples with different Sr compositions under different bias and frequency conditions. The origin of this negative capacitance effect is believed to be due to the accumulation of minority carriers at the grain boundaries, which produces an additional dynamic capacitance with an opposite sign. In addition, the success in explaining the Sr composition dependent dark current characteristics gives further evidence for the model.
Keywords: Capacitance; PbSrSe; The grain boundary barrier model;
Nanoscale study of the ferroelectric properties of SrBi2Nb2O9 thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition on epitaxial Pt electrodes using atomic force microscope by Brice Gautier; Jean-René Duclere; Maryline Guilloux-Viry (108-117).
SrBi2Nb2O9 (SBN) thin films deposited by laser ablation on epitaxial (1 0 0)Pt and (1 1 0)Pt have been studied using an atomic force microscope (AFM) in the so-called "piezoresponse" mode. Previous X-ray studies have shown that in the first case two different orientations coexist in the film: a predominant (0 0 1) orientation with a (1 1 5) orientation. AFM topographical images reveal the presence of two different kinds of grains of different shape corresponding to each orientation and AFM piezoresponse images are in agreement with the crystallographic orientation of the grains: only the expected (1 1 5) oriented grains show a piezoelectric contrast. Moreover, hysteresis loops are obtained over (1 1 5) grains and not over (0 0 1) regions. Although (1 1 5) grains can be in a monodomain state, they also show intragranular ferroelectric domains with nanometric sizes, which orientation can be reversed by applying a dc field between the AFM tip and the grounded conductive bottom electrode of the sample. In the second case, the use of a (1 1 0)Pt electrode instead of a (1 0 0)Pt electrode leads to preferentially (1 1 6) SBN oriented films, inducing far better ferroelectrics properties. In spite of a weak remnant polarization, the surface shows an homogeneous polarization when a 1 μm×1 μm area is probed after the reversal of the polarization by the AFM tip.
Keywords: SBN; Atomic force microscope; Hysteresis loops; Ferroelectric domains; Thin films;
Laser assisted surface microstructuring of Me/ZrO2 bilayered thin film system by K. Starbova; E. Krumov; M. Radoeva; N. Starbov; D. Popov; G. Schlaghecken; E.W. Kreutz (118-124).
A novel method for microstructuring of metal/zirconia (ZrO2) bilayered thin film system based on a combination of pulsed laser irradiation and electroless metal plating is presented. Electron beam and conventional thermal evaporation techniques are applied for consecutive deposition of ZrO2 and Bi, Sb or Ag on clean glass substrates. The samples are subjected to excimer or Nd:YAG laser radiation through suitable metal masks in order to evaporate or ablate the top metal film and the remaining non-irradiated areas are further processed in copper electroless chemical bath. All processing stages are studied by secondary electron imaging and various analytical techniques. Possibilities for microstructuring of Me/ZrO2 system and selective deposition of bright electroconductive Cu coating in non-irradiated areas are shown.
Keywords: Metal/zirconia bilayered thin films; Laser modification; Electroless metal plating; Microstructuring;
Effect of ruthenium cluster on the photoluminescence of chemically derivatized porous silicon by Rabah Boukherroub; Davit Zargarian; Christian Reber; David J. Lockwood; Arthur J. Carty; Danial D.M. Wayner (125-133).
A green photoluminescent triruthenium cluster (I) has been chemisorbed on highly luminescent porous silicon (PSi) layers, either freshly prepared or chemically modified with 1-decene, ethyl undecylenate, or undecylenic acid, in order to study the influence of the cluster on the photoluminescence (PL) arising from the PSi. Immersing the hydrogen-terminated PSi in a hexane solution of (I) for several days at room temperature led to the quenching of PL arising from PSi; the only PL detected was due to the Ru cluster (I). A complete quenching of the PL due to PSi was also observed when derivatized PSi surfaces were exposed to the same solution of (I); in these cases, the PL of (I) also shifted to lower energies. Both the quenching of the PL arising from the PSi layers and the shift in the PL of the cluster (I) are likely due to the difference in the chemical interaction of the PO moiety and the CO groups of the Ru cluster with the terminal functional group of the organic monolayer.
Keywords: Porous silicon; Chemical modifications; Organic monolayer; Photoluminescence; Ruthenium cluster;
Decomposition of N2O in a microwave-absorbent assisted discharge of N2 at atmospheric pressure by Masaharu Tsuji; Jun Kumagae; Kousuke Nakano; Toshinori Matsuzaki; Takeshi Tsuji (134-148).
The decomposition of N2O has been studied in a microwave-absorbent assisted discharge of N2 at atmospheric pressure. Although discharge could not be maintained without using microwave absorbents, stable discharge could be maintained by using two rods type of Zr or W absorbents. The maximum conversion of N2O was ≥97% at a microwave power of 150–200 W and a distance of 10 mm between the rods. The decomposition mechanisms of N2O in the gas phase and on the hot surfaces of absorbents were discussed on the basis of mass spectroscopic data of products and optical spectroscopic analysis of discharge spectra. The best conversion of O atom in N2O into O2 was obtained by using Zr rods at the longest distance of 10 mm between the rods and the highest high N2 flow rate of 1000 sccm.
Keywords: N2O removal; Microwave discharge; Microwave absorbent; Optical emission spectroscopy;
Influence of the processing parameters on the formation and deposition of particles in UV pulsed laser ablation of Al2O3–TiC ceramics by M Mendes; R Vilar (149-162).
In this work, the influence of the ambient gas (He, Ne, N2, air, Ar and Kr) on the mechanisms of particle formation and deposition in laser micromachining of Al2O3–TiC ceramics using pulsed 193 and 248 nm radiation was investigated. Two kinds of particles redeposited around the processed area could be identified: ultrafine particles, of a few tens of nanometers (debris), which aggregate upon redeposition to form a continuous film; and larger particles, with a diameter of 0.5–8 μm (particulates), which remained individualised. The behaviour of debris follows blast wave theory predictions, indicating that this type of particles results from collisions behind the ablation plume front. The particulates are formed above a threshold laser fluence, which decreases with increasing ambient gas atomic/molecular weight and pressure. This threshold is lower for 193 than for 248 nm radiation, but shows the same dependence on the atmosphere for both wavelengths. Experimental evidence and theoretical analysis suggest that the particulates result from ejection of droplets from growing protuberances on the irradiated surface, due to the recoil pressure produced by the plume.
Keywords: Laser ablation; Al2O3–TiC; Debris; Particulates;
Determination of correct composition in nickel–phosphorus films by XPS angle resolved technique by V Sirtori; L Lombardi; P.L Cavallotti; L Magagnin (163-169).
Surface sputtering is a commonly used technique for surface analysis. The standard method of Ar+ sputtering was found to produce surface changes or damages. In this work, nickel–phosphorus films are characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) angle resolved technique before and after sputtering. A method is presented to determine the correct atomic ratio between Ni and P in the surface layers, taking into account that nickel atoms are mainly displaced toward inner layers, as a consequence of 4–5 at.% argon ion implantation within top 1.5–3.7 nm from the surface. The experimental argon implantation and nickel displacement ranges match with Lindhard–Scharff model. Metallic nickel formation in the first layer is detected after sputtering by X-ray diffractometry at low glancing angle. No detectable difference was found between the binding energy of nickel in the metallic state and in the Ni–P coating, showing a similar chemical state for nickel in both conditions.
Keywords: Nickel; Phosphorus; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Sputtering; Ion implantation;
UV Nd:YAG laser ablation of copper: chemical states in both crater and halo studied by XPS by D.W Zeng; K.C Yung; C.S Xie (170-180).
Laser ablation of pure copper was performed using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at 355 nm in air. Oxide nanoparticles redeposited near the edge of the crater results in the formation of the halo. Chemical states in both crater and halo were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). After UV laser ablation, there are an obvious shoulder around 934.4 eV and a shake up satellite around 942.5 eV for the Cu 2p3/2 spectra in both crater and halo. Deconvoluting the Cu 2p3/2 spectra, a component was detected at 933.7 eV corresponding to CuO in both crater and halo as expected. Also, another component at 935.1 eV can be assigned to Cu(OH)2. The formation of CuO and Cu(OH)2 is probably due to the reactions of copper with O2 and water vapor in air. This suggest that the ablation atmosphere plays an important role for the formation of chemical species in both crater and halo. Moreover, an enhanced oxidation in the halo was found at higher fluence: the FWHM of the Cu 2p3/2 spectra and the peak areas of CuO and Cu(OH)2 were significantly higher than those in the crater. This is probably due to the formation of the laser-induced plasma. In addition, peak areas of CuO and Cu(OH)2 in the halo markedly increase with increasing the laser fluence.
Keywords: UV laser ablation; Copper; Chemical state; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS);
Electrical conductivity of conductive carbon blacks: influence of surface chemistry and topology by Dana Pantea; Hans Darmstadt; Serge Kaliaguine; Christian Roy (181-193).
Conductive carbon blacks from different manufacturers were studied in order to obtain some insight into the relation between their electrical conductivity and their surface properties. The surface chemistry was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and static secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), whereas the topology of the carbon black surface was investigated using low-pressure nitrogen adsorption. All these techniques yield information on the graphitic character of the surface. In general, the electrical conductivity of the conductive blacks increases with the graphitic character of the surface. For low surface area conductive blacks, the electrical conductivity correlates well with the surface chemistry. In the case of the XPS and SIMS data, this correlation is also valid when other types of carbon blacks such as thermal and furnace blacks are included, confirming the determining influence of the carbon black surface chemistry on the electrical conductivity.
Keywords: Carbon black; Electrical conductivity; XPS; SIMS; Gas adsorption;
Sintering: the role of interface energies by Douglas Gouvêa; Ricardo H.R Castro (194-201).
Sintering has been recognized as a complex evolution of microstructure during thermal treatments. The densification in such process is usually attributed to diffusion parameters, i.e. certain mass transport mechanisms would promote densification and others would not. In this work, a new model demonstrating that the interface energies are determinant factors in the densification is drawn. Considering that the mass transport mechanism of grain growth is the same as that of pore elimination, and supposing some reasonable hypothesis about the geometric evolution during sintering, densification is related to the dihedral angle of the system. Since the dihedral angle is directly proportional to interface energies, the ratio between grain surface and grain boundary energies determines densification. Good agreement of the numerical predictions with the experimental data was obtained.
Keywords: Sintering; Model; Interface; Energy; Dihedral angle;
Laser ablation of CsI analyzed by delayed extraction by F Fernández-Lima; V.M Collado; C.R Ponciano; L.S Farenzena; E Pedrero; E.F da Silveira (202-209).
Secondary ion emission from polycrystalline CsI irradiated by pulsed-UV laser (337 nm) is analyzed by time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry. Measurements were performed for different laser intensities and for several delayed extraction times (0–200 ns). The TOF peak shape is characterized by a Gaussian-like structure (fast component), followed by a tail (slow component) that is more pronounced when the extraction field is delayed. A thermal-sputtering uni-dimensional model is employed to describe the solid surface and plasma temperatures as a function of time. Heat diffusion, vapor photo-ionization, radiative emission and plume expansion are considered. Within the approximations used, the model predicts reasonable drift velocities of the plume (≈1.4 km s−1) but very high plasma temperatures (≈105 K). The width of the TOF peak fast component allows determination of the plume temperature during its expansion.
Keywords: Laser ablation; Plasma diagnostic; Plasma temperature; TOF; Delayed extraction;
Surface modification of a biomedical poly(ether)urethane by a remote air plasma by J.E. Gray; P.R. Norton; K. Griffiths (210-222).
Plasma modification of polymer surfaces is widely used, but the plasma/polymer interaction is very complex and still not fully understood. In this paper, the interaction of a biomedical poly(ether)urethane with a remote air plasma treatment has been studied. Atomic force microscopy studies show the domain structure of the polymer as well as the absence of any surface roughening due to plasma treatment. Contact angle goniometry shows an improved wettability of the surface after plasma treatment. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates an increase in CO and CC at the surface, as well as the presence of new functional groups such as alcohols, ketones, aldehydes and imines. There is also evidence that the energy imparted to the polymer during plasma treatment causes surface segregation of polyol segments.
Keywords: Poly(ether)urethane; Plasma; Surface modification; Microdomain; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy;
In situ spectroscopic and corrosion studies of ultra-thin gradient plasma polymer layers on zinc by Guido Grundmeier; Matthias Brettmann; Petra Thiemann (223-232).
By means of an audio frequency plasma polymerisation ultra-thin gradient plasma polymer layers were deposited on zinc and zinc-coated iron. The aim was to generate an interfacial polymeric layer which bonds to an oxidised metal as well as to a subsequently applied organic coating and acts as an interfacial barrier layer for ions and water. Surface modifications were done in an in situ plasma cell with infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). The zinc surface was first activated by an oxygen plasma to provide a freshly oxidised and contamination free oxide surface. The intermediate stages of the surface reactions could be revealed. Carbon dioxide molecules as oxidation products adsorbed on the growing zinc oxide and were desorbed at a later stage. An organosilicon plasma polymer was deposited directly on top of the oxide layer from a hexamethyldisilane (HMDS) plasma. Afterwards a cyclohexene (CHEX)/hexamethyldisilane co-plasma polymer was deposited. The top plasma polymer layer was deposited from a pure cyclohexene plasma. The resulting polyethylene-like surface film was subsequently plasma oxidised. This led to a surface with incorporated oxygen containing polar groups. Complementary X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements confirmed the vertical gradient in the chemical composition of the layer. The overall thickness of the ultra-thin gradient layers was less than 10 nm.The stability of the gradient layer in corrosive environments was studied by means of the Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP). A model organic polymer was deposited onto the plasma modified zinc surface and the delamination kinetics were measured as a function of time. The ultra-thin plasma polymer layer led to a significant increase of the corrosion resistance.
Keywords: Plasma oxidation; Plasma polymer; Zinc; Gradient; In situ; Infrared spectroscopy;
Bulk versus surface effects in magnetic thin films obtained by pulsed laser deposition by Monica Sorescu; A Grabias; D Tarabasanu-Mihaila; L Diamandescu (233-238).
In this paper we present a direct comparison between the properties of bulk magnetic systems and those of corresponding thin films obtained by pulsed laser deposition. These are Fe50Co50, Fe3O4, Fe3O4:Co and Fe2O3:Cr. Using X-ray diffraction, transmission and conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy, we present results on the bulk and surface hyperfine magnetic fields, site populations and magnetic texture. Our results support an increase in the hyperfine field values at surfaces, a more pronounced out-of-plane magnetic texture in the films, as well as a perfect transfer of stoichiometry and substitution level from target to substrate materials.
Keywords: Mössbauer spectroscopy; Iron oxides; Polycrystalline surfaces; Polycrystalline thin films;
Ni/NiO(0 0 1) interface studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations by E Symianakis; S Ladas; G.A Evangelakis (239-249).
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results referring to the interface formed upon vapor deposition of Ni atoms on NiO(0 0 1) indicate, that upon annealing the deposited Ni is oxidized forming a NiO overlayer. The oxidation process is activated and becomes very fast above 900 K, resulting in a surface that exhibits identical photoelectron spectrum with the clean substrate. In addition, it was found that during the oxidation process two extra components in the O 1s XPS peak spectra appear, with binding energies above and below the main lattice oxygen peak, manifesting the existence of oxygen atoms carrying charges that deviate from their formal ionic value. Moreover, by molecular dynamics simulations it was found that upon deposition of Ni ions, neighboring O surface atoms become adatoms and combine with the Ni ions forming a series of Ni x O y oxides, most of which eventually coalesce into small NiO islands. Consequently, the lower binding energy component of the O 1s XPS peak may be attributed to intermediate oxides with x>y, while the higher binding energy component to intermediate oxides with x<y.
Keywords: Ionic value; Gas sensors; Transition metal;
Temperature dependence of characteristic parameters of the H-terminated Sn/p-Si(1 0 0) Schottky contacts by Ş Karataş; Ş Altındal; A Türüt; A Özmen (250-260).
The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of Sn/hydrogen-terminated p-type Si Schottky contacts have been measured in the temperature range of 150–400 K. It is shown that the occurrence of a Gaussian distribution of then BHs is responsible for the decrease of the apparent BH Φ b0, increase of the ideality factor n and non-linearity in the activation energy plot at low temperatures. A Φ b0 versus 1/T plot was drawn to obtain evidence of a Gaussian distribution of the BHs, and values of Φ ̄ b0 =1.049 eV and σ 0=0.114 V for the mean BH and zero-bias standard deviation have been obtained from this plot, respectively. Then, a modified ln(I 0/T 2)−q 2 σ 0 2/2k 2 T 2 versus 1/T plot gives Φ ̄ b0 and A ∗ as 1.026 eV and 14.60 A cm−2 K−2, respectively. It has been concluded that the temperature dependent I–V characteristics of the device can be successfully explained on the basis of a thermionic emission mechanism with Gaussian distribution of the BHs. Furthermore, an average value of −0.247 meV K−1 for the temperature coefficient has been obtained; the value of −0.247 meV K−1 for hydrogen-terminated p-type Si differs from those in the literature due to the termination with hydrogen of the p-Si surface.
Keywords: Schottky contacts; Gaussian distribution; Activation energy;
Radio frequency bias power effect on surface roughness of silicon carbide plasma etching by Byungwhan Kim; Kunho Kim; Byung Teak Lee (261-267).
Control of surface roughness of silicon carbide (SiC) is to maintain or improve the electrical stability of high-power devices. The bias power plays an important role in determining the surface roughness. The surface roughness of SiC films etched in a C2F6 inductively coupled plasma is investigated in two ways: a variation in the bias power at fixed plasma conditions; and a shift in process parameters including radio frequency (rf) source power, pressure, O2 fraction, and gap between the wafer and plasma source. The surface roughness was measured by an atomic force microscopy (AFM). Parameter-induced DC bias was also correlated to the surface roughness. Under high pressure, the surface roughness was strongly correlated to the bias power-induced DC bias for the variation in the source power or the gap. Depending on the pressure, a significant discrepancy in the roughness behavior was observed at fixed or varying plasma conditions. Parameter interactions of practical importance were observed near the plasma source or in the presence of O2 fraction at low pressure. For variations in only the source power, the DC bias was strongly correlated to the surface roughness without regard to the pressure.
Keywords: Plasma etching; Silicon carbide; Surface roughness; DC bias; Atomic force microscopy;
In0.25Ga0.75As films growth on the thin GaAs/AlAs buffer layer on the GaAs(0 0 1) substrate by Z.C Zhang; S.Y Yang; F.Q Zhang; B Xu; Y.P Zeng; Y.H Chen; Z.G Wang (268-274).
Thin GaAs/AlAs and GaAs/GaAs buffer layer structure have been fabricated on the GaAs(0 0 1) substrate. The top GaAs buffer layer is decoupled from the host substrate by introduction of a low temperature thin interlayer (AlAs or GaAs), which was mechanically behaved like the compliant substrate. Four hundred nanometer In0.25Ga0.75As films were grown on these substrates and the traditional substrate directly. Photoluminescence (PL), double-crystal X-ray diffraction (DCXRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were used to estimate the quality of the In0.25Ga0.75As layer and the compliant effects of the low temperature buffer layer. All the measurements shown that the qualities of epilayer have been improved and the substrate have been deteriorated severely. The growth technique of the thin GaAs/AlAs structure was found to be simple but very powerful for heteroepitaxy.
Keywords: Strain; Dislocation; Interfaces; Molecular beam epitaxy; Semiconductor III–V materials;
Simulation of the loading effect by R Knizikevičius (275-280).
The loading effect during plasmochemical etching (PCE) of silicon in a CF4+O2 plasma is considered. The loading effect is considered including homogeneous reactions of generation and recombination of chemically active species. The model of chemical composition of CF4+O2 plasma is related to the model of plasmochemical etching of silicon in CF4+O2 plasma to achieve the goal. Using the proposed model the influence of etchable surface area on concentration of F atoms in the plasma and etching rate was determined. It was found that the loading effect is more pronounced at low O2 content in the feed. At low values of the etchable surface area, conversion of F atoms to the reaction products decreases with the increase of O2 content in the feed.
Keywords: CF4+O2 plasma; Silicon; Loading effect;
Simplified sedimentation process for 3D photonic thick layers/bulk crystals with a stop-band in the visible range by François Bresson; Chii-Chang Chen; Gou-Chung Chi; Yu-Wen Chen (281-288).
Self-organization of nano-size spherical particles in opal-like structures has been demonstrated to be a powerful mean to build three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystal. We here present a simplified sedimentation process leading to photonic crystal layer with a non-absolute bandgap in the visible range. The stacking organization is cross checked directly by classical optical microscopy (COM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), giving a detailed scheme of the short range and long range organization, and indirectly by reflection/transmission spectroscopy for different incidence angles. The results show a very good resonance associated with a low cost deposition technique. The implementation of our method for further application like photonic waveguides is also discussed.
Keywords: Photonic crystals; Self-assembly; Opal; Spectroscopy; Defects;
Creating sub-surface channels in PMMA with ion beam lithography in only one step by Yvan Gonin; Frans Munnik; Frédéric Benninger; Sergueı̈ Mikhaı̈lov (289-293).
Ion beam lithography is a very powerful technique for 3D direct and maskless writing of resist materials. Light high-energy ions, like protons, can be used to structure these materials. For positive photoresist, like PMMA, this is possible because the protons cause chain scissions in the molecules. Afterwards the irradiated area can be developed in a chemical bath. In this paper, we show the realization of sub-surface channels, or microtunnels, which have been fabricated in only one exposure and without cutting or resurfacing the material. Using our Van-de-Graaff accelerator, the resist (PMMA) has been exposed with high-energy protons (2.7 MeV). The range of charged particles in matter is well-defined and depends on the energy. In addition the linear energy transfer is highest at the end of the ion path. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a dose which is sufficient to develop the bottom part of the ion paths but not the top part. Thus, by selecting the energy and the exposure time, a big variety of microtunnels can be realized.
Keywords: PMMA; Ion beam lithography; Microstructure; Micromachining; Sub-surface channel;
In situ TM-AFM investigations of the influence of zinc and tin as alloy constituents of copper to the early stages of corrosion by Ch. Kleber; M. Schreiner (294-301).
To obtain information about the changes in the topography of sample surfaces during weathering, in situ tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM) was used for the investigation of the early stages of corrosion of binary copper/zinc (brass) and copper/tin (bronze) alloys. The emphasis of these investigations is to state the shape and lateral distribution of the corrosion products grown within the first 1300 min of weathering. Investigations were carried out in synthetic air with 80% relative humidity (RH) and 80% RH with 250 ppb SO2. While brass shows a homogeneous growth of features forming a surface film during weathering in 80% RH, the features on the bronze surface reveal a higher growth rate of a few sparsely distributed features.
Keywords: Copper; Zinc; Tin; Alloys; AFM; Atmospheric corrosion;
Study of TEOS and TPOS anticorrosion coatings developed at different ranges of pyrolysis temperatures by Khaled M.E. Hashem (302-313).
Anticorrosion coatings were produced by spraying pure simple silane compounds, either tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) or tetraphenoxysilane (TPOS), in a preheated furnace on specimens of carbon steel alloy. These specimens were thermally decomposed over various temperature ranges, covering a total temperature range of 20–1050 °C. This temperature range was divided into four sectors. The specific functions of each of these sectors were described as: hydrolysis (20–50 °C), low pyrolysis (50–250 °C), middle pyrolysis (250–750 °C), and high pyrolysis (750–1050 °C). SEM, ultrasonic vibration (USV), plane-cross polarized microscope, micro-hardness tester, XRD, and cyclic voltammography were utilized for analysis of the produced coatings. A comparison study between the anticorrosion coatings produced using TEOS or TPOS was targeted to evaluate two aspects. The first was the microstructure morphologies and corresponding variations of the chemical constituents and textural surfaces of the TEOS and TPOS coating materials at the selected pyrolysis temperature ranges. The second was the property of the TEOS and TPOS anticorrosion coating materials producing minimal decay for electrochemical protection of carbon steel alloy against corrosion under low and high acidic conditions.
Keywords: TEOS; TPOS; Coatings; Hydrolysis; High pyrolysis; Thermal decomposition; Electrochemical process; SEM; USV; XRD; Cyclic voltammogram; Anticorrosion;
Nanosized β-SiC films prepared by a Cat-CVD with negative bias at low substrate temperature by B Wang; Q Zhao; J.C Li; B.B Wang; X.M Song; X.D Yang; H Yan; M Wang (314-318).
Nanosized β-SiC films were grown on negatively biased Si substrates by using a catalytic chemical vapor deposition (Cat-CVD), at the substrate temperature of 300 °C. The characterization data indicates that the grain size of the films is decreased with the increase of the bias, hence revealing the important role of the bias on the growing process of the films. The bias effect on the film structures is attributed to the ion bombardment, which is considered to be beneficial to the enhancement of both flux and energy of active ions induced by the negative bias. As a result, the ion bombardment leads to the increase of the nucleation sites. Combined with the low substrate temperature, it is suggested that the higher nucleation density induces effectively the growth of nanosized grains of the films.
Keywords: Cat-CVD; Nanosized β-SiC films; Negative bias; Ion bombardment;
Implantation of ions produced by the use of high power iodine laser by L Torrisi; S Gammino; A.M Mezzasalma; J Badziak; P Parys; J Wolowski; E Woryna; J Krása; L Láska; M Pfeifer; K Rohlena; F.P Boody (319-331).
The iodine high power Prague Asterix Laser System (PALS), emitting radiation at 438 nm wavelength (3rd-harmonic of a fundamental radiation wavelength equal to 1315 nm), was employed to irradiate in vacuum different metallic targets (Cu, Ag and Ta). The high energy (up to 230 J) short (400 ps) laser pulses produce non-equilibrium plasma expanding mainly along the normal to the target surface. Plasma contains high charge state ions, with maximum charge states of 27+, 36+ and 49+ for Cu, Ag and Ta, respectively.Time-of-flight (TOF) measurements, performed with the use of an electrostatic ion energy analyser (IEA) placed along the target normal, indicate that the maximum recorded ion kinetic energy is higher than 900 keV for Cu and Ag ions and than 5 MeV for Ta.The laser-produced ions have been implanted into different substrates (polymers, C, Al, Si and Ti) placed at different distances and angles with respect to the target normal. In order to investigate an implantation depth, a density profile of implanted ions and an implanted dose, the samples have been analysed by using the 1.7 MeV helium Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The energies of the ions determined with the use of the RBS analysis are in a good agreement with the ion energies measured with the use of the IEA.The results are presented and discussed giving a special attention to the potential of the ion implantation method for modifying the chemical and physical properties of the implanted materials.
Keywords: Laser ablation; Ion implantation; Plasma-laser; Time-of-flight;


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When our customers purchase the Affordable Service service agreement, it puts some responsibility on Affordable Service to proactively contact you for an appointment for the changeover service in heating or cooling equipment. We make it easy!
If you need a repair or service call during the term of the service agreement, you'll also receive a 10% cost savings.
As an example, let's say that it's time to turn off your evaporative cooler for the winter. If you elect to purchase a service contact, the cost for 2 visits (the annual shut down and start up for your swamp cooler) is reduced, saving you 30 percent versus the individual service fees!
Our service contract customers also receive priority scheduling over non-contract holders, so when there's a heat wave and your air conditioner stops working, those with a service contract will be bumped up for faster service whenever possible!
A heating and cooling service agreement can save many homeowners money. If your home has aging HVAC equipment or you are not able to safely climb a ladder to perform annual swamp cooler shutdown, a service agreement can save both money and stress. If you have a question about service agreements and what they cover, call Affordable Service and we'll be happy to explain each level of our service plans.


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Please fill out and submit the form below and our staff will contact you to schedule an in-person consultation or phone consultation.
You may also book your free consultation at our office directly, using our appointment app: YouCanBook.me
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Please be sure to bring any materials you think may be relevant to your appointment and if you need to reschedule, please just give us a call and we'll be happy to reset your appointment at a time that works best for you. Our address and directions can be found below, and we look forward to seeing you in our offices soon!


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How are you tracking your marketing experiments?
More importantly, how are you tracking your learnings from each experiment for future hypothesis development?
These two questions are essential in creating a thriving experimentation program. Because a working and accessible test archive ensures that you are building off of past insights. Not repeating the same tests over and over and over.
Use this handy worksheet to audit your internal processes to determine where, why, how, and who has access to your past tests and insights to ensure your experimentation program's future success.


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Hello Girls (sorry Boys!)
Want a chance to meet other female Sydney bloggers? Read on…
A get together has been organised by the wonderful Leigh from All For Women on the 29th June. Leigh kindly asked me to suggest a suitable venue in Sydney's Western suburbs and I immediately piped up with Max Brenner's Cafe.
You're probably all aware of the globally famous chocolate King, but if not, you can read all about him here and visit his Aussie online store here.
I mean, who would complain about eating chocolate in all it's wonderful forms while chatting and meeting new people? It's a perfect (and delicious) icebreaker.
We've already got about 6 ladies confirmed, but would love to see more! So this is an open invitation for all female Sydney bloggers who would like to come along for a choc n chat!
Leave a comment or email me at christie [at] figandcherry [dot] com and I'll keep you in the loop with all correspondence.
Really looking forward to meeting you all!
Happy cooking, Christie
ps. Happy Birthday to The Bear!