text:
Updated/ NY Fire Safety
some questions might look different on the app than on the web page. I find a way that it will look all the same just use your cell phone Horizontal and it will change the way it looks. 4/27/16
I pass my First test, there is 3 total. The 50 question test at a Certify School then the 100at metro tech, and last in the Building that you will be working.
I already try the test format of this site it does not work.
Updated 4/20/16
This Study material has a lot of things you need to know but I also add Multiple choice test from chapter 1 to 5 If you scroll down you will see it. Upadate 1-26-17 There is a new Tes call Active Shooter also this will not longer be called FSD/Fire safety Director. Office building needs another test call EAP but next year in 2018 all hotels must have a new EAP plan and a licensed FSD/EAP/Active Shooter. i think the new name will be FLS Fire and life safety director.
Please get this letter first before you do anything at all or you won't be able to move forward good luck. follow the link
Date: 12/10/15
I will add more pictures from time to time.
My 50Q test was on 12/17/15 Pass
Next Metro Tech 100Q
8/5/16 Sorry I did not update this in time. I pass my test at Metro Tech for the 100 Question test Good luck. If you are doing FSD I will say they need to start paying you minimum 25 per hour. Why ? You need to take around 5 or 6 test to get this. 50 questions test, 100 question at metro tech the onsite test 3 hours long don't forget the Active Shooter test 20 and now the new EAP test for hotels and God knows what else they will add. Class 50 Question Metro Tech 100 Question Active shooter class 20 Questions Onsite 3 hours walking and talking about safety and fire. Now EAP another license and more test one in a school and after that metro tech again. WOW
LEAN – not enough gas or vapor, too much oxygen
RICH – Not enough oxygen, too much gas or vapor
Radiation -heat transmission known as radiation of heat waves
Growth Stage (Incipient)
area ignite. Since heated fire gases, the product of pyrolysis, rise to the ceiling, this is
where a rollover phenomenon is most often witnessed.
Where Required
Any lobby
Halls and meeting rooms
Department stores
Public assembly (75 or more people)
Merchandise for display or sales Private offices in commercial buildings Guest rooms in hotels and motels Places of worship
Works of art
A- Ordinary solid combustibles
B – Flammable Liquids
C – Electrical
D-'- Metals
K- Kitchen
Maximum Travel Distance Fire Extinguishers
Class A Fires /Water, dry chemical and dry powder 75 Feet
Class B Fires /Dry chemical or CO2 /50 Feet
Class K Fire /Chemical 30 Feet
footage and placed within what travel distance?
>>>B. 6000 sq. ft every 75 feet.
C. 12,000 sq. ft. every 75 feet.
D. 6,000 sq. ft. every 50 feet.
nitrogen, 40% argon, and 8% carbon dioxide.
>>>A. Halon.
B. Argon.
C. Carbon dioxide.
D. Oxygen.
Fire Department Connection – A Fire Department connection is always installed on the system. The connection is used by the fire department to pump water into the system. Fire Department connections must always be accessible. Each connection shall be equipped with a check valve. An auxiliary source of water supply for standpipe systems includes manually activated fire pumps or Fire Department connections.
For automatic standpipe systems, a connection through which the fire department can pump supplemental water into the sprinkler system, standpipe or other system furnishing water for the fire extinguishment to supplement existing water supplies.
For manual standpipe systems, a connection through which the fire department can pump the primary water supply to the manual standpipe system at the required system demand.
It shall be unlawful to manufacture, store, handle, use, sell or transport a hazardous material or combustible material, or to conduct an operation or to maintain a facility for which a permit is required without such permit.
Issued permits shall be kept on the premises designated therein at all times and shall be readily available for inspection by any representative of the department.
1. Site-Specific Permit For a specific premises or location
2. Citywide Permit A citywide permit is valid at one or more locations provided the duration of such activity at any individual location does not exceed 30 days. Periods of activity in excess of 30 days at any one location shall require a site-specific permit.
Permits for the same premises or location May be consolidated into a single permit;
Inspection Authorized Before a permit or other approval is issued, the commissioner may require an inspection
Authority Granted By permit. A permit shall constitute permission to manufacture, store, handle, use, sell or transport hazardous materials or combustible materials, conduct an operation, or maintain a facility, as applicable, in accordance with this code where a permit is required by Section 105.6. Such permission shall not be construed as authority to violate, cancel or set aside any of the provisions of this code or other applicable laws, rules or regulations.
Posting Permit Permits shall be posted in a conspicuous location on the premises designated therein at all times and shall be readily available for inspection by any representative of the department.
CLASS "E" BUILDINGS (New Code "B" Buildings) UNDER 100 FEET
• Doors may be locked on the stair side on each floor above the street floor
• If the stair side is locked must have sign on the occupancy side
• Doors may be locked to prevent access to the stair at the street floor
• Doors may be locked on the stair side above the street floor except that at
intervals of four stories or less
Where fail safe re-entry locking devices are installed on exit doors, every floor on
the occupancy side should have a sign that reads
Where no re-entry is provided on that floor, the sign on the stair side of the door
shall read,
At floors where re-entry is provided, the sign shall read
• When a locked door is provided with an automatic fail safe system for opening
such door in the event of the activation of any automatic fire detecting device or
when any elevator in readiness is activated, such door shall be deemed as
openable from the stair side
1. Uppermost occupied floor shall be a re-entry floor, exclusive of penthouse
mechanical floors not occupied by tenants.
2. A maximum travel to a lower unlocked door shall be four (4) floors, during a fire
3. Re-entry floor stair doors may have fail safe electrical interlock operated by
automatic sensor devices (smoke or water flow alarms)
4. Simple latch-bolt access may be provided for access to·re-entry floors. Such
unlocked re-entry floors should have adequate corridors segregating access from
occupant spaces.
5. All re-entry floors must give direct access to the alternate stairs or provide an
area of refuge
>>>A- Office buildings under 100 feet require re-entry every four floors
B- Office buildings may elect to lock stair side doors except every four floors re-entry
must be provided
C- Re-entry starts at the uppermost occupied floor
D- Fail-safe locks release on re-entry floors with automatic actuation device operation
• Elevator lobbies need smoke stopped enclosures if sprinklers are not installed
in corridors/sleeping rooms.
• HVAC is segregated for each type use, e.g. ballrooms HVAC must not serve
other type uses on the same floor or other floors.
A- Elevator doors are smoke stopped
B- Manual purge floor by floor
>>>C- HVAC is segregated by type use
D- Each sleeping room has separate HVAC vents
Re-entry doors will unlock if:
1. any automatic fire detecting device operates
2. elevator fireman service operates
3. power failure
These doors can be opened from the command station or mechanical control center.
(a) Stairway reentry doors which are locked from the stairway side as permitted in
section C26-604.4 of the administrative code shall be provided with an electrical fail
safe strike release mechanism that will permit the door to be opened without a key
when any automatic fire detecting device operates, elevator "Fireman Service" operates
or power failure shall occur. In addition, provisions shall be made to permit these doors
to be opened from the command station or mechanical control center. This system shall
be manually reset.
(b) Wiring for these
and maintained on every floor at the elevator landing. The sign shall read
o Dressing Rooms and Property Rooms used as Places of Assembly except
Assembly Place with no scenery (F1-b)
o Places of Assembly used as Cabaret
o Stages providing live entertainment except F-4 (outdoors)
• Emergency lighting:
Fire alarm:
• Hotels to have class J, J-1 or modified J-1 fire alarm and communications
system. (class R-1 new code)
• Provided voice command to every floor in the hotel.
• Existing hotels
o Provide in corridors or sleeping rooms
o Banquet halls over 300 capacity
New hotels built after 1984
• Provide full sprinkler protection
Smoke control
• Elevator lobbies need smoke stopped enclosures if sprinklers are not installed
in corridors/sleeping rooms.
• HVAC is segregated for each type use, e.g. ballrooms HVAC must not serve
other type uses on the same floor or other floors.
Fire Command Station purge panels operate with citywide key# 1620, under control
of the incident commander. Reverse fan HVAC must provide six air changes per
hour, if installed. (Manual override required for HVAC fan reversal) (Purge key
required – # 1620)
NOTE: City-Wide Standard Elevator Key is # 2642. It does not operate the purge
• Fire alarm box mounting is 48 inches above finished floor.
• Strobe lights placed 80 inches above finished floor.
o All speakers moved must have strobes added.
• Hotels require 3% of rooms with fixed or smoke activated strobes.
• 5 % parking spaces reserved for handicapped.
• Required if 50% of floor/building are being renovated
Fire Alarms
"Floor Warden should immediately determine persons in need of special assistance"
Fire Drills
"when conducting fire drills persons in need of special assistance should be brought to
the elevator lobby or stairs for orientation purposes
1-Combination Standpipe/Sprinkler
2-Auto wet sprinkler
3- Auto dry sprinkler
4-None-auto sprinkler
1-Fire department Connection(Siamese)
2-Sprinkler system all type
3-Fire Pump
4-All valve and connections to water
3-Diesel pump weekly /
Electric pump monthly
• The provision and maintenance of means of egress – a path of travel for occupants to exit a building – is integral to the safeguarding of life in the presence of a fire and is a key life safety system in the Building Code and the Fire Code.
• Means of egress are designed and intended:
o to give occupants alternative paths of travel to a place of safety to avoid fire.
o to shelter occupants from fire and the products of combustion.
o to accommodate all occupants of a structure.
o to provide a path of travel that is clear, unobstructed, well marked and illuminated and in which all components are under control of the user without requiring any tools, keys or special knowledge or effort.
• Multiple fire fatalities, both contemporary and historical, can be traced to a compromise of one or more of the above principles.
EXIT -That portion of a means of egress system which is separated from other interior spaces of a building or structure by fire-resistance-rated construction and opening protectives as required to provide a protected path of egress travel between the exit access and the exit discharge. Exits include vertical exits, exterior exit doors at ground level, exit enclosures, exit passageways, exterior exit stairs, exterior exit ramps and horizontal exits, but do not include access stairs, aisles, exit access doors opening to corridors or corridors. This term shall include the locations on a premises at which egress may be had from an enclosed outdoor space.
EXIT ACCESS-That portion of a means of egress system that leads from any occupied portion of a building, structure or premises to an exit.
EXIT DISCHARGE-That portion of a means of egress system between the termination of an exit and a public way.
MEANS OF EGRESS-A continuous and unobstructed path of vertical and horizontal egress travel from any occupied portion of a building, structure or premises to a public way. A means of egress consists of three separate and distinct parts: the exit access, the exit and the exit discharge.
Records of all refrigerating system periodic inspection testing and other maintenance required by the fire code are required to be maintained on the premises for a minimum of 3 years
sprinkler system shall be subjected to a hydrostatic pressure test to demonstrate its
suitability for Fire Department use.
Most standard sprinkler systems have devices that automatically sound an alarm when a
sprinkler head discharges water. This alarm is usually an audible signal in the building. In
many cases they also give an alarm at a remote location, such as an approved central
station company. The central station company monitors the entire fire protection system for
water discharge and problems with the equipment.
all times. This type of system is used where the temperature is maintained at minimum of
40F to prevent the system from freezing.
Sprinklers required for emergency replacement must be representative of the type of sprinklers installed along with the proper wrenches. These wrenches shall be provided in the spare head cabinet. It is critical sprinklers be replaced with devices that will perform similarly to the original system sprinklers. Sprinklers that are replaced during an emergency by unlicensed individuals require that the devices used have been verified appropriate for the protected area by a Master Fire Suppression Piping Contractor. After activation by fire, sprinklers in close proximity to the affected heads is must always recommended be replaced. A stock of spare sprinklers (not less than 6) shall be kept on the premise where the temperature does not exceed 100 Degrees F and shall include all types and ratings installed in the protected facility and provided as follows:
301 – 1000 sprinklers twelve
Over 1000 sprinklers twenty four
must contain designation, qualifications and training of EAP staff, and their duties and responsibilities; reporting of emergencies to the Fire Department; education of building occupants, including the conduct of drills; recordkeeping; obligations of building occupants and employers of building occupants; and provision of assistance to building occupants with special needs.
• Explosion
• Biological
• Chemical
• Radiological
• Nuclear incident or release
• Natural disaster
• or other emergency condition in or proximate to the building.
A fire safety and evacuation
plan is required for the following occupancies and buildings:
2. Group B (Business) occupancy office buildings occupied or designed to occupied by more than 500 persons on one or more floors, including street level, or by more than 100 persons on one or more floors other than street level (Fire Code and Local Law 5 of 1973).
3. Group B (Business) occupancy educational facilities.
4. Group E (Educational) occupancy schools, educational facilities & day care facilities.
5. Group H (High Hazard) occupancies, except buildings that have prepared one or more of the following plans:
5.1. An emergency action plan in accordance to US Department of Labor.
5.2. Contingency plan & emergency procedures in accordance with NYS DEC
5.3. Risk management plan accordance with NYC DEP
· 6. Group I (Institutional) occupancies.
7. Group M (Mercantile) occupancies occupied by more than 500 persons on one or more floors, including street level, or by more than 100 persons on one or more floors other than street level, or in which more than 25 persons are employed.
8. Group R-1 (Residential, Transient) occupancies, occupied by more than 30 lodgers, or more than 15 lodgers above street level, for a period of 90 days or less; and/or operated to accommodate such numbers of lodgers for such period of occupancy;
An emergency action plan is required in Group B occupancy office buildings or parts thereof:
2. Greater than 75 feet (22 860 mm) in height; or
3. Occupied or designed to be occupied by more than 500 persons on one or more floors, including street level, or by more than 100 persons on one or more floors other than street level; or
4. Equipped with a fire alarm system with voice communication of the type required in Class B or M occupancies, regardless of whether such system is required in such building or space; or
5. Ordered by the department to comply with the requirements of this section, based upon a determination that compliance with this section is required in the interest of public safety given the location, use or occupancy of the building.
Systems Fully Out of Service: The impairment coordinator/building owner shall ensure that the local administrative fire company, Master Fire Suppression Contractor (Class A or B) or MLP's (as restricted) has placed one (White disc) 8 to 9 inches in diameter on all affected fire department connections. (A RED tag )shall be placed at the main control valve indicating the standpipe/sprinkler company name, date of removal from service and anticipated return to service date.
1-System fully out of service
2-System partially out of service
3-System appears free of defects or deficiencies
1-Red /White
2-Red /Blue
3-Green /N/A
Systems that are out of service, both planned and unplanned, shall be immediately identified by placing a tag at each of the following locations: fire department connections, system control valves, fire command center or other clearly visible location in the lobby of the building, indicating which system or part thereof is out of service. Impairment coordinators/building owners shall ensure the placement of these tags by MFSPC's or MLP (as restricted) or FDNY units. In addition, for an unplanned out of service condition, a disc
(white or blue) shall be placed at all affected fire department connections to inform responding fire department units of the out of service condition. When the condition has been corrected, the disc(s) shall be removed immediately.
But i will write some of them down so the purpose of this site can be use, like flashcards and test also they dont look really clear
If the build-up is hard, it may prevent the sprinkler from opening. Replace loaded sprinkler heads with new sprinkler heads rather than attempting to clean them. If the deposits are hard, attempts to clean the heads are likely to damage them. This damage may prevent the sprinkler heads from working properly. The damage may also cause the sprinkler head to leak.
Occupant-Use shall be service-tested within 90 days prior to being put in service. Service
testing of hose is to ensure its suitability for continued use.
protection systems. This is the preferred pump because it is reliable, compact, requires low
maintenance, and it can be powered by a variety of drivers including: electric motors, internal
combustion engines, and steam turbines.
pressure because the pump cannot lift water for the supply source. A water tank can be used if the
tank supplies the pump due to gravity. In other words the weight of the water forces the water to
flow into the pump.
tank or a pressure tank. These tanks are designed to operate when there is a pressure drop in the fire
protection system.
Jockey Pump
2-3 GPM automatically operate when there is slight drop in pressure due to do leakage
Fill Pump
65 GPM supplies water to Gravity Tank
Special Service
100 GPM delivers 20 gpm at 25psi to top 4 floors when gravity/pressure tanks unable to supply sprinklers
Booster Pump
200 GPM delivers 20 gpm at 25 psi to top floor sprinkler heads
Fire Pump
250 to 5,000 GPM
Sprinkler system piping is categorized as follows:
Branch lines are directly connected to sprinkler heads.
Cross mains or loop mains are directly connected to branch lines.
Feed mains are directly connected to cross mains or loop mains.
Risers are able to supply feed mains or cross mains directly.
(Formerly know as Siamese connection.)
2-Pendent Sprinkler -A sprinkler designed to be installed in such a way that the water stream is directed downward against the deflector.
3-Pintle Screws – A visual indicating device required for sprinklers manufactured prior to 1999 identifying small orifice sprinklers and large orifice sprinklers where orifice size is different than the nominal thread size of the sprinkler head.
4-Pipe Schedule Systems – A method of sizing piping based upon the number of sprinkler heads and the occupancy of the protected area.
6-Personal Supervision – Supervision by the holder of a department certificate who is required to be personally present on the premises, or other proximate location acceptable to the department, while the duties for which the certificate is required is being performed.
7-Pounds per square inch (PSI) – a unit of pressure measuring force per unit area.
2-Strainer – A device capable of removing from the water all solids of sufficient size that are obstructing water spray nozzles.
3-Supervisory signal – signal indicating the need for action in connection with the supervision of guard tours, fire extinguishing systems or equipment, fire alarm systems or the maintenance features of related systems.
4-Supervisory signal-initiating device – an initiating device, such as a valve supervisory switch, water level indicator, or low-air pressure switch on a dry-pipe system, that triggers a supervisory signal head expressed in (meters-seconds) 1/2.
5-Sprinkler Identification Number (SIN)- Sprinklers manufactured after Jan. 1, 2000 are required to be marked to identify performance characteristics.
6-Supervisory signal – A signal indicating the need for action in connection with the supervision of guard tours, fire extinguishing systems or equipment, fire alarm systems or the maintenance features of related systems.
7-Sidewall Sprinkler- A sprinkler having special deflectors that are designed to discharge most of the water away from the nearby wall.
8-Small orifice sprinklers – A sprinkler head with and orifice size smaller than W'.
10-Spray Sprinkler- A type of sprinkler listed for its capability to provide fire control for a wide range of fire hazards. The most commonly used sprinkler since 1953.
11-Sprinkler system – A fire extinguishing system, other than a mist fire extinguishing system that utilizes water as the extinguishing agent.
12-Standard Response Sprinkler Head – A sprinkler having a fusible link with a response time index (RTI) of 80 or more.
13-Supervisory signal-initiating device – An initiating device, such as a valve supervisory switch, water level indicator, or low-air pressure switch on a dry-pipe or pre-action sprinkler system, that triggers a supervisory signal.
14-Testing – A procedure used to determine the status of a system as intended by conducting periodic physical checks on water based fire protection systems such as water flow tests, fire pump tests, alarm tests, and trip tests of dry pipe or deluge valves. These tests follow the requirements for acceptance testing at intervals specified in the appropriate chapter of NFPA #25, 2011 edition.
15-Upright Sprinkler – A sprinkler designed to be installed in such a way that the water spray is directed upwards against the deflector.
16-Unlined Hose – A hose consisting of only a woven jacket that is usually of linen yarns and is of such quality that yarn swells when wet, tending to seal the hose.
2-Water Spray – Water in a form having a predetermined pattern, particle size, velocity, and density discharge from specially designed nozzles or devices.
3-Water Supply – A source of water that provides the flows [gal/min (Umin)] and pressures [psi (bar)] required by the water-based fire protection system.
4-Water Tank -A tank supplying water for water-based fire protection systems.
5-Wet Standpipe System – A standpipe system having piping containing water at all times.
7-Standpipe systems are an important part of the fire protection system in a building. The standpipe system provides water that fire fighters can manually discharge through hoses onto a fire. Water is fed into a piping system. The piping runs vertically (up and down) and horizontally (side to side) throughout the building. The piping running vertically are usually called risers. The risers are usually located in the staircase enclosures or in the hallways in the building. This piping system supplies water to every floor in the building. When a standpipe system is installed and properly maintained it is a very effective means for extinguishing fires. A typical standpipe system is shown below in the illustration below.
A-Single Riser Standpipe
B-Multi-Riser Standpipe
C-Sprinkler Riser
D-Combination Standpipe and Sprinkler Riser
B-2 times 3,500 gallons fire reserve 5,000
C-gallons fire reserve
D-10,000 gallons fire reserve
The water level and air pressure in pressure tanks shall be inspected monthly and maintained in accordance with NFPA#25, 2011 Edition.
The gravity tank should be regularly inspected and maintained in accordance with NFPA #25, 2011 edition. Maintenance is needed to be sure that the tank functions correctly.
Quick Opening Devices – In a dry pipe system there is a delay between the opening of a sprinkler and the discharge of water. This delay may allow the fire to spread and more sprinkler heads to open. The delay is due to the time required for the air leave the sprinkler piping. This difficulty may be partly overcome by the installation of quick opening devices.
Two devices are used to reduce the time needed to open the clapper and allow water into the system. These devices are an accelerator and an exhauster. They are both automatically activated when a drop of 2 psi in air pressure is detected in the system. They quickly change the water and air pressure balance in the system. This change trips the dry pipe valve allowing the water to force its way through the sprinkler piping in less time. The failure of an accelerator or exhauster to operate will increase the normal tripping of a dry pipe valve.
Preaction systems are designed for situations where there is danger of serious water damage. Water damage is usually caused by damaged sprinklers or broken piping. Under normal conditions there is no water in the piping. The air in the piping may or may not be is
Combined Dry Pipe and Pre-action Systems – These systems have the basic features of both types of systems. The piping system contains air under pressure. A heat detecting device opens the water control valve and a quick opening device. The system then fills with water and operates as a wet pipe system. If the heat detecting system fails, the system will operate as a standard dry pipe system.
A deluge sprinkler system is equipped with open sprinkler heads designed to wet down an entire area involved in a fire. This system is needed when there is danger of a fire rapidly spreading throughout the building. The deluge system will slow down the spread of the fire. Deluge systems are suitable for hazardous occupancies. This includes buildings in which flammable liquids or other hazardous materials are handled or stored.
The sprinkler heads in the deluge system are open at all times. Under normal conditions there is no water in the piping. The air in the piping is not under pressure. A closed control
Most standard sprinkler systems have devices that automatically sound an alarm when a sprinkler head discharges water. This alarm is usually an audible signal in the building. In many cases they also give an alarm at a remote location, such as an approved central station company. The central station company monitors the entire fire protection system for water discharge and problems with the equipment. When water discharge or equipment problems are identified the local fire house is immediately notified. This allows the Fire Department to gain control of a fire as quickly as possible. Water is rarely discharged accidentally from sprinkler heads.
The most commonly installed system is wet pipe systems which have water in the piping at all times. This type of system is used where the temperature is maintained at minimum of 40F to prevent the system from freezing. Where temperatures drop below freezing the ordinary wet pipe system cannot be used. There are two methods for using automatic sprinklers in places exposed to freezing temperatures. One method is a system where water enters the sprinkler piping only after a control valve is opened. These are dry pipe systems, deluge systems, or pre-action systems. The other method adds an antifreeze solution to the water in the wet pipe system. The antifreeze solution is a mixture of chemicals designed to prevent the water from freezing.
Waste compactors are usually found in tall multiple dwelling complexes such as apartment buildings. They are used to reduce the trash buildup in a building. They consist of a tall chute with an opening at each floor. These opening are used for trash disposal. Occupants of the buildings take their trash and throw it through the opening and down the chute. The trash piles up at the bottom of the chute where a device regularly crushes the trash into smaller blocks of trash. The blocks of trash are then removed and taken to a garbage dump. The compactor may be located indoors or outdoors.
The build-up of trash in the compactor chute is a fire hazard
Class I: This system is designed to be used by professional fire fighters. For example, the system is used by Fire Department and Fire Brigade personnel. The fire hoses in these systems are 2 1/2 inches in diameter. The large hose diameter makes it difficult to control the stream of water from the hose.
Class II: This system is designed to be used by the occupants of a building. The hose and nozzle are connected to the standpipe. They are ready to be used by occupants in case of a fire. The hose is 1 1/2 inches in diameter. The hose stream is easier to control than the Class I hose.
Class Ill: This system may be used by either professional fire fighters or by occupants of the building. The hosing may be adjusted to either 1 1/2 or 2 1/2 inches in diameter. This is done by attaching special reducing valves to the hose line.
Wet Standpipe: This system always has water in the piping. The water in the system is always under pressure. In some cases a fire pump may be used to increase the water pressure. The wetpipe system is the most commonly used standpipe system. It is used in heated buildings where there is no danger of the water in the piping freezing. Any part of the standpipe system that is exposed to freezing temperatures should be insulated. It is very important that the water in the piping does not freeze. Frozen water may prevent the standpipe system from working.
Dry Standpipe with an Automatic Dry Pipe Valve (Manual Standpipe) • This system is usually supplied by a public water main. Under normal conditions there is no water in the piping. Instead, there is air under pressure in the piping. A dry pipe valve is installed to prevent water from entering the standpipe system. The dry pipe valve is designed to open when there is drop of air pressure in the standpipe. When a hose is opened it causes a drop in air pressure in the standpipe system. Then the dry pipe valve automatically lets water flow into the standpipe. A control valve is installed at the automatic water supply connection. This valve should be kept open at all times to supply the standpipe system. This system is usually installed in a building that is not heated. Most dry pipe valves are designed so that a moderate air pressure in a dry pipe system will hold back a much greater water pressure. A drop of pressure in the piping will cause the clapper to open. The valve is said to have tripped.
Quick opening devices are used to reduce the time needed to open the clapper and allow water into the sprinkler or standpipe system. These devices are an accelerator and an exhauster. They are both automatically activated when a drop of 2 psi in air pressure is detected in the system. They quickly change the water and air pressure balance in the system. This change trips the dry pipe valve allowing the water to force its way through the piping in less time. The failure of an accelerator or exhauster to operate will increase the normal tripping of a dry pipe valve.
Dry Standpipe with a Manual Control Valve – This system is supplied by a public water main. Under normal conditions this system has no water in the piping. The water is not allowed into the standpipe until a control valve is manually operated. The control valve remains closed until a fire occurs. The air in the piping is not under pressure. A pre-action valve prevents the water from entering the system. The valve is automatically opened when a fire detection system discovers that there is a fire. This system is usually used in a building that is not heated.
Dry Standpipe with No Permanent Water Supply – Under normal conditions this system has no water in the piping. Water is pumped into the standpipe system by the Fire Department. The water is pumped in through the Fire Department connection. This system cannot be used unless water is supplied by the Fire Department. A sign must be attached to each of the hose outlets. It should read "Dry Standpipe for Fire Department Use Only". This system is usually used in a building that is not heated such as unoccupied buildings and parking garage structures. Special care must be taken when using a dry standpipe system. The nozzle must never be pointed at the fire until all of the air has been drained from the system. Otherwise, pressurized air would be discharged onto the fire. This would cause the fire to burn more intensely.
Yard Systems – A yard hydrant system is most often used in large private manufacturing plants or storage buildings. The yard system is often needed because the public water supply does not meet the needs of the fire protection system. The yard system usually has several private water sources supplying the total fire protection system. The total system may have a sprinkler system, hydrants, and a standpipe and hose system installed.
The water supply sources are all connected together in the yard system. This allows the water to be directly supplied to any part of the system when needed. Water can be supplied even when one of the supply sources is not working. The combined sources of water keep the water pressure in the system at a high level. The picture below shows a detailed yard fire protection system.
Pressure Tank – This tank may supply water to the yard system under pressure. The tank is filled with water and air. The air forces the water out under pressure when part of the fire protection system is activated.
It is not uncommon to find occupancies having a combination of systems for fire protection. Examples of combination systems are:
b. Combined System ( Wet standpipe system and Automatic Sprinkler System)-A standpipe system having piping that supplies both hose connections and automatic sprinklers. Each connection from a standpipe that is part of a combined system to a sprinkler system shall have an individual control valve and check valve of the same size as the connection.
In any occupancy, where a required fire protection system (e.g. sprinkler system, fire alarm
system and standpipe system) is out of service, a fire watch shall be maintained by one or
more persons holding an F-01 or F-32 (Fire Guard for Shopping Center) or F-36 (Fire
Guard Generic) or F-91 (Hotels/Motels/Office Buildings) certificate of fitness for fire guard.
service with the following exception:
For the initial 4 hours of an unplanned and planned out of service condition when the
affected area does not exceed 50,000 square feet, the impairment coordinator or a trained
and knowledgeable person who is capable of performing fire watch duties and is
designated by the building owner may perform the duties of the fire watch.
A- Single Riser Standpipe
B- Multi-Riser Standpipe
C- Sprinkler Riser
D- Combination Standpipe and Sprinkler Riser
B- 2 times 3,500 gallons fire reserve
C- 5,000 gallons fire reserve
D-10,000 gallons fire reserve
Functions of Alarms and Supervisory Signals – A sprinkler system with a water alarm serves two functions: 1) It is an effective fire extinguishing system, and 2) It is an automatic fire alarm. An alarm is signaled as soon as a sprinkler head has opened. This is important since it allows the occupants' time to leave the building. It also signals that the Fire Department should be summoned.
Devices and Equipment Supervised. Sprinkler system supervision is commonly provided for several purposes. They are used to supervise 1) water supply control valves, 2) low water level in water supply tanks, 3) low temperature in water supply tanks or ground level reservoirs, 4) high or low water level in pressure tanks, 5) high or low air pressure in pressure tanks, 6) high or low air pressure in dry pipe sprinkler systems, 7) failure of electric power supply to fire pumps and, 8) automatic operation of electric fire pumps.
Vane type waterflow – Switches have a paddle inserted inside the main supply piping perpendicular to the direction of flow. Upon water flow, the paddle switch transmits an alarm. Vane type waterflow switches cannot be installed to monitor water flow in dry pipe sprinkler systems.
Alarm Retarding Devices – An alarm check valve that is exposed to changing water supply pressure needs an alarm retarding device. This is required to prevent false alarms when the check valve clapper is lifted from its seat by a temporary pressure surge. Vane type waterflow switches sensitivity can also be adjusted to changing water pressures.
Standpipe systems are used in buildings where it may be difficult for the Fire Department to pump water on the fire. For example, standpipe systems are required in buildings that are over six stories 75 feet in height. A standpipe system may be combined with an automatic fire protection system. For example, a standpipe system and a sprinkler system may be installed in the same building. The standpipe and the sprinkler systems may even share the same water supply and riser piping. The top of the standpipe riser extends up onto the roof. Three hose connections are attached to the top of the standpipe riser. These three connections make up the roof manifold. The roof manifold is used when extinguishing fires on the roof or adjacent buildings. It is also used when testing the water flow in the standpipe.
Supervisory devices are often connected to a central station company which monitors the sprinkler/standpipe system for problems with equipment and when standpipe hoses have been activated. In order to reduce the number of unwarranted alarms it is important that the central monitoring station is notified when any of the control valves are closed for maintenance or repair of the sprinkler system.
Standpipe systems are designed with built-in alarm devices. The most appropriate course of action to take when one of these devices activated is to respond to the fire alarm panel.
Devices and Equipment Supervised
Standpipe and Sprinkler systems supervision is commonly provided for (1) water supply control valves; (2) low water level in water supply tanks; (3) low temperature in water supply tanks or ground level reservoirs; (4) high or low water level in pressure tanks; (5) high or low air pressure in pressure tanks; (6) high or low air pressure in dry pipe sprinkler systems; (7) failure of electric power supply to fire pumps; (8) automatic operation of electric fire pumps, and (9) fire detection devices used in conjunction with deluge and/or pre action and recycling systems.
Water flow Alarms (Sprinkler or Standpipe Systems)
Water flow alarms and fire alarms give warning of the actual occurrence of a fire or other conditions such as broken piping. Alarms alert occupants and summon the Fire Department. Any signal, whether water flow or supervisory, may be used to give an audible local alarm. It may also send a signal to a central station company. The central station company will then contact the Fire Department. Water operated alarm devices must be located near the alarm valve, dry pipe valve, or other water control valves in order to avoid long runs of connecting pipe.
All pressure tanks used to provide the required primary water supply of a sprinkler or standpipe system should be equipped with a high and low air pressure, and a high and low water level electrical alarm system. This alarm system automatically controls the air-towater ratio which should always be 1 to 2. However, when the water level or the air pressure falls below acceptable levels, an alarm signals to the C of F holder that there is a problem with the pressure tank.
Alarm Retarding Devices: An alarm check valve that is exposed to changing water supply pressure needs an alarm-retarding device. This is required to prevent unwarranted alarms when the check valve clapper is lifted from its seat by a temporary pressure surge.
Discharge Device – A device designed to discharge water in a predetermined, fixed, or adjustable pattern. Examples include, but are not limited to, spray nozzles, and hose nozzles. Nozzles on 2 1/2 in. hose, except for yard hydrants, shall be at least 15 in. in length, and shall have a smooth bore with a 1 in. or 1 1/8 in. discharge orifice. A nozzle is attached at the end of the hose. The nozzle is used to direct the stream of water from the hose.
supply and may be acceptable as a single supply. A gravity tank may be located on the top
of a building or on a tall tower.
protection systems. The tank is normally kept two-thirds at or full of water and one third full
of air. The air pressure in the tank shall be maintained at or above 75 psi.
systems. They may also be used in combination with gravity tanks to supply sprinkler
system. Fire pumps are designed to take the water from a supply source and then
discharge the water into the fire protection system under pressure.
two functions: 1) It is an effective fire extinguishing system, and 2) It is an automatic fire alarm.
Fire Command Station panels have three distinctive elements:
• Manual pull stations
• Smoke detectors
o Elevator lobby type
o Air handling ducts
o Area
• Water flow from sprinklers
• a designated floor warden station on each floor
• mechanical control center
• elevators
• air-handling control rooms
• elevator machine rooms
Phone jacks
Means on every floor to communicate by telephone with the fire command station:
Fire alarm sending stations for all systems shall be painted red. A diagonal white stripe
one inch wide from the upper left hand corner to lower right hand corner shall be painted
or applied to sending stations which transmit a fire alarm signal to the fire department via
a central station of a franchised operating company. The stripe shall not render any
lettering illegible or obliterate the station number. In newer buildings the fire alarm pull
stations will be located approximately 48 inches from the floor and within 5 feet of an exit.
Some fire alarms are activated automatically. Special sensors detect heat or smoke and sound an
alarm. Other fire alarms must be activated manually. A person who notices a fire emergency must
activate the alarm by hand. Fire alarms that are manually activated use fire alarm stations. Fire
alarm stations are usually located near the natural exits from a building. There must be at least one
manual fire alarm station on each floor of a building.
They are called single action and double
action stations.
one step to activate the alarm. For example, the alarm might
be activated by pulling down on a lever. An example of a
single action station is shown below. This kind of alarm
station is often found indoors, e.g., in office buildings. The
cover on these alarm stations serves as a lever. When the
cover is pulled down, it allows a switch inside to close. This
sends the alarm signal.
of glass with a small metal mallet.
The user must first break a glass, open a door or lift a cover. The user can then gain access to a
switch or lever which must then be operated to initiate an alarm. To activate this type of alarm
station the cover must be lifted before the lever is pulled. This kind of double action station is often
found indoors.
The alarm stations used to activate the fire alarm system are
called initiating devices. The Certificate of Fitness holder must
know how to manually operate each alarm station on the
premises. Once activated, the fire alarm system can not be shut
off at the fire alarm station. The alarm must be shut off at a main
control panel using a special key. This key must be located near
the control panel at all times. The alarm may be turned off only b:
a Certificate of Fitness holder or by a Fire Department
silencing switch may be used to turn off part of the system. For example, the silencing switch may
be used to turn off the sirens and bells after the building has been evacuated. However, the
silencing switch does not prevent a signal from being transmitted to a central station company. All
fire alarm stations installed or relocated after 4/1/84 should be installed so that the handle is
approximately four feet from the floor and it is located within (5 ft) of the exit doorway opening.
Manual stations should never be blocked or obstructed
type stations shall be constructed with a door or other approved means to protect the "pull lever"
against accidental injury. The wording "IN CASE OF FIRE – OPEN DOOR AND PULL DOWN
LEVER" in raised letters or equivalent instructions, shall appear on the door.
Torches are commonly used in heating, cutting, and welding operations. When in use, the
torches are connected to gas cylinders by hoses. The gases inside the cylinders are used
to fuel the torch. The gases are required to generate a high temperature flame. Several
different gases may be used to fuel the torch. However, acetylene and propane are the
most commonly used fuel gases. Acetylene and propane are highly explosive and must be
used with caution. These fuel gases must be mixed with oxygen to intensify and control the
Oxygen – Green
Acetylene – Black
Propane – Red
A fire guard is required to monitor all torch operations. The fire guard must pay particular
attention to the sparks generated when the torch is in use.
At least one fire guard is required for each torch operator. The fire guard must observe the
torch operations to make sure that stray sparks do not cause a fire. The fire guard must
extinguish all stray sparks immediately. A second fire guard is required when the torch is
used in a multilevel building. The second fire guard must be positioned on the floor below
the torch operations and extinguish any stray sparks that fall to that floor. The fire guards
must concentrate in on preventing fires. They may not be assigned any other duty while
acting as a fire guard.
Generally, water type fire extinguishers, several pails of water, and fully charged fire hoses
are considered acceptable fire extinguishing devices. However, dry chemicals or CO2 fire
extinguishers may be required in areas exposed to flammable liquids or oils.
The fire guard must remove all combustible materials located within 35 feet of the torch
operations. When this is not possible the combustible materials must be covered with a
protective shield. The shield must be fire resistant.
work, the inspection must be conducted 30 minutes after completion of torch
operations. *In the best practice and for any CNG or LPG torch operation, the 2nd
inspection should be 1 hour after completion of torch operations. Inspection is conducted
to detect any smoldering fires. If a small fire is discovered it must be extinguished by the
fire guard. When a major fire is discovered the fire guard must contact the Fire Department
immediately. The Fire Department may be reached by dialing 911.
for a minimum of 30 minutes after the conclusion of the work.
Fire guards for torch operations The fire watch for torch operations conducted at the
following locations shall be conducted by fire guards:
1. Construction sites.
2. On any rooftop, or in connection with any torch-applied roof system operation.
3. In any building or structure, when the torch operation is conducted by a person
holding a citywide permit for torch operations.
effected bank of cars to the main lobby or alternate.
Water flow alarm signals indicate a sprinkler operation on a given floor or area and will
recall elevators and may shut down HVAC units on affected floors.
not practical. It is a light beam that when broken by any combustible particles will set the
detector (Specialty device approved by the Commissioner of The New York City Fire
temperature rise. Heat detectors have been shown to be very effective in reducing fire
at a rapid rate. This type of detector is more sensitive than the fixed temperature detector.
The rate-of-rise heat detector does not have to be replaced after it has activated the fire
melt at a preset temperature level. The fixed-temperature heat detectors normally require
replacement after they have sounded an alarm. However, intelligent heat detectors will
usually reset themselves.
burning equipments.
Speaker alarm devices, such as horns, sirens, beeps, etc. combined with strobe lights
flashing, give the alarm signal to the floors in alarm (only).
• Smoke detectors may be installed on walls or ceilings.
o On walls they must be between 4 and 12 inches from the ceiling.
o On ceilings they must be at least 4 inches from the wall and at least 3 feet from
any heating vents (prevents air from vents blowing the smoke away from
Ionization Smoke Detectors
• Are used where slow smoldering fires can occur (radioactive).
Photo Electric Detectors
• Are used where rapid fire spread can occur.
Sub-System is an activating (voluntary or required) system installed in a specific area or
floor for a specific purpose in a building that has a required (mandated) base building fire
alarm system.
All Sub-Systems including but not limited to the following; Halon, Co2, FM200, Water
Mist, Pre-Action, Range Hood, Carbon Dioxide, Foam system, Dry Chemical, Smoke
Detection or Thermostatic Systems shall be subject to Fire Department inspection and
test for issuance of Letter of Approval for such Sub-System(s).
The FACP monitors inputs and control output through various types of circuits. FACP
processes all abnormal conditions (alarm, trouble & supervisory) and indicates
appropriately based on action programmed for the respective device.
Three types of signals initiated by FACP
alarm pull station, automatic fire detector, water flow switch, or other device in which
activation is indicative of the presence of a fire or fire signature. When a fire signal is
generated, the FACP activates the building audible and visual devices connected to the
fire alarm (i.e. horn/strobes), sends a signal to an FDNY approved central station, and
has been compromised or is in an abnormal state. A supervisory signal will audibly and
visually annunciate at the FACP to indicate the supervisory condition needs to be
investigated and corrected. The FACP will also send a supervisory signal to an FDNY
approved central station.
• Control valves- i.e. sprinkler system tamper switches ( supervised for off-normal
conditions) Pressure valves-supervised for high and low pressure
• Water tanks-supervised for high/low water and temperature
• Electric fire pumps-supervised for pump running, pump failure, and phase reversal A
system reset is often required to clear supervisory conditions. A system reset does
not clear trouble conditions. Most trouble conditions will clear automatically when
conditions are returned to normal.
fault in monitored circuit or component. A trouble signal will audibly and visually
annunciate at the FACP to indicate that the trouble condition needs to be investigated
and corrected. Common trouble conditions monitored by the FACP would be battery
condition, AC failure, ground fault, open or short circuit on a wire, phone line failure, or
internal component failure.
alarm, trouble or supervisory condition and silence the panel. The sequence and
procedures may differ in every fire alarm system
devices after evacuation is complete while the source of alarm is being investigated. Never
reset the fire alarm system until the condition is verified by the FDNY personnel.
condition has been cleared. All initiating devices should return to normal condition after
manually resetting.
detectors continuing to sense smoke, or a manual pull station still in an activated
position, another alarm will be generated.
• A system reset is often required to clear supervisory conditions. A system reset
does not clear trouble conditions. Most trouble conditions will clear automatically
when conditions are returned to normal.
• Do not reset the fire alarm panel until the fire alarm condition is verified by the
FDNY personnel.
Located in the Mechanical Control Center and at the regularly assigned location of the fire
safety director. It will give immediate notice of an alarm for fire or a trouble signal at the
Fire Command Station. A remote annunciator panel when installed shall function for visual
notification of alarm, supervisory or trouble conditions
Note: This station is not a required post to be monitored in person.
Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP)
THIS IS A secondary DEVICE
makes sure that the detector is kept in good working condition.
invisible particles of combustion. Smoke detectors have been shown to be very
effective in reducing fire damage and loss of life.
and to detect presence of particles of combustion.
Proper preventative measures shall be taken to protect all fire alarm initiating
devices i.e. Smoke, heat and duct detectors especially during construction.
at a rapid rate. This type of detector is more sensitive than the fixed temperature detector.
The rate-of-rise heat detector does not have to be replaced after it has activated the fire
alarm. All heat detectors require special attention. They must be carefully installed
according to the manufacturer's instructions.
melt at a preset temperature level. The fixed-temperature heat detectors normally require
replacement after they have sounded an alarm. However, intelligent heat detectors will
usually reset themselves.
initiates an alarm indicating a flow of water in a
sprinkler system. It is designed to signal when water
flows through the fire protection system.
The mechanical responsibility for the entire sprinkler
system falls under the supervision of the
sprinkler/standpipe C of F holder.
Supervisory Devices:
NY Fire Safety Institute
Fire Safety Director Course
Supervisory devices are commonly installed as part of some protection systems. The
supervisory devices monitor important parts of the system. A supervisory alarm such as a
bell will be sounded when there is an off normal condition with a system or device being
monitored. For example, a signal will be sounded when a control valve closed or in the
wrong position. This kind of signal is commonly called a supervisory signal. The signal is
always transmitted to the main control panel. When a supervisory condition is indicated the
Certificate of Fitness holder should check the system in order to identify the part of the
system that caused the signal. Then that part of the system should be identified and dealt
with accordingly. The supervisory signal may be transmitted to a FDNY approved central
station company as well. Some control panels indicate the exact location of the trouble.
Other panels only display a general supervisory signal. For example, a lighted panel might
indicate only that there is a problem somewhere in the fire protection system. Each
supervised device must then be inspected to determine which part is causing the signal.
Occasionally on some older systems the supervisory devices are wire to indicate a trouble
condition if the Fire Alarm panel had no prevision of "Supervisory Alarm".
1. Control valves- i.e. sprinkler system tamper switches ( supervised for off-normal
conditions) Pressure valves-supervised for high and low pressure
2. Water tanks-supervised for high/low water and temperature
3. Electric fire pumps-supervised for pump running, pump failure, and phase reversal
A functioning communication system is required as part of the fire alarm system when it is
applicable. There are one and two-way communication system. The Certificate of Fitness
holder must make sure that all communication units are working correctly.
also have a public address system installed which is not part of the approved fire alarm
system. Although not approved, the public address system may be used to warn and
instruct building occupants in case of a fire emergency. All communication systems
may be used to issue evacuation instructions in building requiring two way
must be placed at several locations in the building. The warden phones are usually
located near exit stairways in the building. A warden phone must also be installed in the
FACP. The FACP is used to issue instructions during a fire emergency. Portable two way
radios may also be used as a means of communication.
system (no interior alarm system)
Includes: Warden Phones on all floors with buzzer notification
Fire Command Station in lobby
One ( 1) pull station to central office in lobby
If over 75′ and under 100′- a Public Address System is required
(Note: Hardwired smoke detectors in all sleeping rooms under other rules)
station at manager's office.
• Dual amplifiers and A & B circuits (redundancy) alarm on all floors
• Manual pull stations at every exit door from floors and from the building
• Elevator lobby smoke detectors and water flow will recall elevators
• Duct smoke detectors shut down HVAC fans
• Floor Warden Phones on all floors
• Public Address System
• Fire Command Station
• Manual pull stations at all exits from all floors and building
• Single amplifier and circuits
• 6 emergency portable phones
• Jacks on all floors at standpipe outlets
• Fire Command Station
o Alarm Panel
o Emergency Phone
o Public Address
o Elevator lobby smoke recalls elevators
o Waterflow alarm that recalls elevators
Note: New hotels 75 feet or more in height built after September 1984 require a full Class
J Fire (class R-1 new code) Alarm and Communications System with redundant circuits
and two amplifiers plus the other requirements as existing hotels
kept in an approved location for immediate use by the department. Firefighter service key
switches shall be operable by citywide-standard key.
*** 6 citywide-standard elevator keys (2642) at Fire Command Post
least monthly, to a Phase I recall test. All elevators with Phase II emergency in-service
operation shall be subjected, at least monthly, to a minimum of a one-floor operation II
test. A written record of the operational status of the elevator shall be made and kept on
the premises and made available for inspection by any representatives of the department.
The Hold Position has the following features:
1. Permits the firefighter to remove the 1620 (or 2642) key from the switch.
2. Allows the firefighter to leave the car without the danger of an individual, without a
key, moving the car to another location.
C. To operate the car, the switch must be placed in the Firemen Service position while
the car is at the landing where the lobby keyed switch is located.
D. The lobby keyed switch must be in the Firemen Service position prior to placing the
car keyed switch to Firemen Service.
E. Once the car switch is in the Firemen Service position it can not be overridden by
the lobby keyed switch.
F. The 1620 or 2642 key is not removable from the elevator car keyed switch when it
is in the Firemen Service position.
Testing Fireman's Service Phase I & Phase II
1. Place the two position key switch, NORMAL and FIREMAN'S SERVICE, located on
the designated level in the FIREMAN'S SERVICE position- Phase I
2. Verify that all affected elevators recall to the designated level.
3. Verify that the FIREMAN'S SERVICE KEY on the designated level is removable
from the NORMAL and FIREMAN'S SERVICE positions.
4. Once inside the elevator car, place the key in the three position key switch
(NORMAL, HOLD, and FIREMAN'S SERVICE) in FIREMAN'S SERVICE
5. Select a remote upper floor
6. Press Door Close button and verify that: Door Close button operates by momentary
pressure and the doors automatically close.
7. Prior to reaching the selected floor, press "Cancel" button.
8. After operating the Cancel button, and the car stops at a landing, press the Door
Open button; however, before the door reaches a full open position, release the
Door Open" button and verify that the doors automatically close. The door open
button must operate as a continuous pressure button and the doors should
automatically close when pressure on the door open button is released prior to
complete opening.
9. Again, press the Door Open button and maintain pressure on the button until doors
are FULLY open.
11. After the elevator car reaches the selected floor, press the Door Open button and
fully open doors
12. Place the key switch on HOLD position and verify that the car remains at the
landing (doors open) and the Door Close buttons are rendered inoperative.
13. While on this selected floor with Phase I still in effect, place the key switch (inside
car) in the "NORMAL" position.
a. The elevator cars must automatically close.
b. Upon closure verify that the elevator car automatically recalls to designated floor
c. The elevator car doors must automatically open.
14. While the elevator car is on the designated level with Phase I in effect and the
elevator car doors opened, verify that Phase II is inoperative by pressing the Door
Close button.
15. Then, place the key switch (inside elevator car) back in Phase II position. Select a
nearby upper floor or lower floor (any sub-level) and close the doors. Once the
elevator reaches the selected floor:
a. Open the elevator car doors
b. Arrange for the key switch in the lobby to be placed in the NORMAL POSITION.
c. Place the key switch (inside car) in the NORMAL position. Then, verify that the
door close button is inoperative.
d. Arrange for the key switch in the lobby to be place back in the Phase I position.
Verify that the elevator car doors automatically close and the elevator car
automatically recalls to the designated level.
Putting the key into the Phase 2 switch inside the cap reactivates the elevator. This is a 2 position switch. Off and On.
Selecting the floor is not the only thing needed to operate the elevator. The door close switch needs to be held until the doors are fully closed or they will reopen. Once the doors are fully closed. the car will go to the selected floor.
Once the elevator car reaches the desired floor, the elevator will stop, but the doors will not open automatically. Holding the door open switch until the doors are completely open is the only way to have them stay open.
Returning the switch to the off position makes the elevator return into Phase 1.
To return the elevator to normal operation, the Phase 1 switch needs to be turned to BYPASS, them OFF, This resets the fire condition on the elevator.
His video right here
In fully sprinklered buildings UNLIMITED size of floor permitted
Areas 40′ high and above must be sub-divided in non-sprinklered buildings over 100′
in height with multi-floor HVAC systems.
Maximum area permitted depends on the rating of the partition walls and if fire
detecting devices are installed
• Maximum Floor areas 7,500 sq. ft. must have a one-hour fire rated wall
• Floor areas more than 10,000 sq. ft. must have a two-hour fire rated wall
• Floor areas of up to 15,000 sq. ft. are allowed if a smoke detector system is
installed with connections to the fire alarm panel
o product of combustion or
o smoke and heat detector
mechanical ventilation systems that serve more than the floor on which the equipment is
located, shall be provided with at least one smoke shaft by means of which smoke and
heat shall be mechanically vented to the outdoors as provided.
or more in height having air-conditioning and/or mechanical ventilation systems that
serve more than the floor in which the equipment is located be sprinkler protected??
2. Purge Vents
3. Fire Damper (Rated)
4. Fire Damper (Rated)
>>>5. Duct Smoke Detectors
(2,000 CFM Return
Side Only)
6. Duct Smoke Detectors
(15,000 CFM Supply &
Return Side)
7. Plenum
• Floor assemblies are mechanically tied to the outside header beans
• All structural steel is sprayed with fire resistive materials
• Dropped ceilings are not fire rated panels and are hung by steel wire (Plenum
>>Floor assemblies not smoke tight
• Sprinkler protection is required when:
o Building is over 100′ and has multi-floor HVAC system
o Showroom exceeds 7,500 sq. ft. and is more than 40′ above the curb
• Sprinkler can be supplied from standpipe riser
building, including elevator shafts and stairwells, that are higher than the pressure level
at the smoke source, such pressure levels being produced by positive pressures of a
supply of uncontaminated air by exhausting air and smoke at the smoke source or by a
combination of these methods.
The HVAC systems found in High-Rise office buildings fall into two general categories:
1. Central air conditioning systems, in which the processing equipment supplies air
to more than one floor.
2. Non-central air conditioning systems that serve only the floor on which the
processing equipment is located.
Note: Because central air conditioning systems are the most commonly found in
High-Rise office buildings and create the most problems during a fire, the main
emphasis of this section will be central air conditioning systems.
1. Processing equipment.
2. Supply of processed air to the floors of the building.
3. Return of the air from the floors to be reprocessed.
The processing of the air is usually done on the floors of the building where the
mechanical equipment rooms (MER) are located.
activation at the point of protection.
One ( 1) smoke detector is required if the space above the door is less than 24″.
Two (2) smoke detectors are required if the space above the door is more than 24″.
stop the spread of smoke and fire. When ducts penetrate corridor walls and floors an
fire damper must be installed in the duct.
building is fully sprinklered.
containing more than 200 pounds of Group A1 or 30 pounds of any other
group refrigerant to be subject to monthly testing as follows: FC606.6
o Fans and associated equipment intended to operate emergency
ventilation systems.
o Detection and alarm systems.
o Treatment and flaring systems.
o Valves and appurtenances necessary to the operation of emergency
refrigerating system control boxes.
15,000 square feet with smoke detection coverage. This restricts the spread of
fire or gives very early warning automatically. Unlimited floor area in fully
sprinklered office buildings
Limits size of the fire areas on upper floors
1. Which is not a responsibility of a High Rise office building owner?
The Fire Brigade is for Hotel not Office Building office building use Warden
C. Group R-1 (Residential, Transient) occupancies, occupied by more than 30 lodgers, or more than 15 lodgers above street level, for a period of 90 days or less
D. Group R-1 (Residential, Transient) occupancies occupied by one or more lodgers on a floor more than 75 feet above the street level, for such period of 90 days or less
B- Conduct fire drills
?C- Order full building evacuation of guests
D- distribute applicable parts of the Fire Safety Plan to all employees
7,500 is one
30,000 divide by 7500 = 4
B. smoke in a stairway
?C. stair leads to roof
D. direction from the Fire Command Station
Elevator Shaft is
A hoistway through which one or more elevator cars may travel.
B. to educate employees to report fires promptly
?C.to train floor warden teams to fight fires
D. to safeguard human life and contain fire
B. ?names of all floor wardens
C. floor plans
D. building information form details
B. keep the Fire Command Station informed of the means being employed for evacuation by the occupants of his floor
C. ?when alarm is received fire wardens leave floor immediately. Really this is not true at all , lol
D. have updated list of disabled who cannot use stairs.
B. Fire Brigade
C. Deputy Fire Safety Director
D. Building staff (employees)
B. fire prevention inspections.
C. Fire Brigade fire drill participation
D. certified Fire Safety Directors on duty 24 hours, 7 days weekly.
B. does not require a certificate of fitness
C. ?the fire brigade coordinator trains this person in the off hours
D. must be on duty in the off hours when less than 500 occupants working on the first floor.
B. Deputy Fire Safety Directors
C. Fire Warden
D. ?Firefighter
B. office building with 400 office occupants on the first floor
C. a lodging house with 15 permanent occupants above the 1st floor
D. a three-story office building with 200 office workers on the 1st floor
B. building service employees
C. ?guests
D. Fire Brigade Coordinator
B. Deputy Fire Safety Director
C. ?Fire Warden
D. The owner
B. ?waiting for instructions
C. avoiding attack stairs
D. Using smoke-free stairs
B. when smoke-free
C. ?when cars manned by trained building personnel or firefighters
D. never during a fire
B. assure all persons on the floor are notified
C. after evacuation, provide a head count
D. ?during alarms be first to leave the floor, to set an example, LOL Really
B. assist building occupants that require assistance
C. ?operate small hose line to control fires
D. on arrival of Fire Department, report to the lobby
B. ?arrange quick use by elevators
C. notify Fire Safety Director when assistance is needed
^ ^^Definition,try hard to do or achieve something.
Director required to be on duty
B. all occupants
C. ?all employees of the building
D. building service employees only
Rules of the City of New York (R.C.N.Y.)
B. >>More than 15 permanent lodgers above the 1st floor
C. building arranged for transient occupants over 75 feet high
D. building with more than 30 rooms to be occupied for less than 90 days
Emergency Action Plan (EAP)
B. needs a Certificate of Fitness
C. >>trains all EAP staff
D. only required in an office building
B. office employees
C. other building occupants
D. >>>all of the above
B. Places of Assembly
C. Refrigerating system ( over 200 lbs group Al)
D. >>>all of the above
B. Fire Guard
C. Servicing portable fire extinguishers
D. >>>monthly testing of Firefighter elevator operation
B. when they are over 100′ in height
C. when they have over 500 guest rooms
D. >>>New hotel over 75′ in height
B. >>>>Two EAP drills must be conducted in the first year
C. Three EAP drills must be conducted in the first year
D. Four EAP drills must be conducted in the first year
(Designee) a person who has been designated.
B. the Fire Safety Director
C. the Engineer
D. the Security Director
Tag Disk
System fully out of service Red White
System partially out of service Red Blue
System appears free of defects Green N/A
Tag Requirement: A tag shall be used to indicate that a system, or portion, is out of service
White disc is for all affected fire department connections. A RED tag shall be placed at the main control valve indicating the standpipe/sprinkler company name, date of removal from service and anticipated return to service date.
Systems Partially Out of Service:
Blue Disc is for all affected fire department connections. An RED tag shall be placed at the main control valve and any closed sectional valve indicating the company name, date of removal from service and anticipated return to service date. Note:
The Orange and Yellow are no longer used
2. The area of the building affected.
3. The type of occupancy
4. The estimated time the system will be out of service.
5. The name and phone number of the person making the notification.
C of F for S-13* for Refrigeration Operating Engineer (Q-01 & Q-99),
C of F holder for S-14 & S-12 (Sprinkler)
Master Fire Suppression Piping Contractor (MFSPC)
Master Plumber (MP)
(e.g. sprinkler system, fire alarm system and standpipe system) is out of service, a fire watch shall be maintained by one or more persons holding an
B. >> 96% effective
C. Always 100% effective
D. Less effective than fire alarm systems
B. Yes, they put the fire out
C. No, heavy smoke and steam
D. >>> Yes, they extinguish and give warning
B. Have the main control valve for the building shut down
C. No action is permitted
D. The Fire Safety Director should know where the shut-off valves are located and direct their closing.
B. Cools people off.
C. >> The automatic alarm that indicates a sprinkler is operating also will alert people to evacuate.
D. Allows firemen to find the victims more quickly.
B. Manual sprinklers
C. Non-automatic systems
D. Auto extinguishers
B. %"open head
C. %' flushed head
D. >>>1/2 fused head
B. Clean off with strong soap solution
C. It has paint on it ,clean with solvents
D. Takes no action
B. 165° unpainted
C. 135° to 212° unpainted or black
D. 135° red
B. 4 heads at the main control valve
C. 5 assorted heads at the main control valve for the sprinkler system
D. >>>6 appropriate heads for the sprinkler system
B. >>>When the Fire Officer in charge says so.
C. When the Fire Guard sees no more fire.
D. When the FSD says so.
A. Weekly
B. Weekly
C. Monthly
D. Quarterly
2. (C) Sprinkler systems (all types)
3. (B) Fire pumps (Diesel Weekly (Electric Monthly
4. (A) All valves and connections to water
B. >> Air pressure in the pipe keeps the dry pipe valve closed
C. OS&Y valves open if heads "fuse"
D. Use antifreeze in place of water.
B. Theaters
C. over 100′ high
D. >>>over 75′ high or over 6 stories
B. sprinkler heads that have been painted by other than the manufacturer
C. sprinkler heads that are loaded
D. >>> sprinkler heads that are dusty
B. Fire Department connection
C. >>>Pressure tank
D. Fire pump
1- Combination SP sprinkler -Yellow
2- Auto wet sprinkler -Green
3- Auto dry sprinkler -Green
4- Non-auto sprinkler -Aluminum
5- Standpipe -Red
B. Red
C. Green
D. Yellow
E. White
B. Fire Department after 90 days
C. >>>Borough Fire Dispatcher
D. Only the owner
B. Fire Department after 90 days
C. >>> Bureau of Fire Prevention after 30 days
D. Building security director after 30 days.
B. >>> The value of sprinkler protection will be greatly reduced
C. Heads will fuse quickly
D. They are more reliable than lower temperature heads
B. uncolored- red-white
C. blue-white-red
D. >>>uncolored-white-blue
2- How often should a gauge on a non-supervised dry sprinkler system be inspected?
2- Semi Annually
4. How often should an alarm device on a sprinkler system be inspected?
5. How often do you test a standard response sprinkler head?
6. How often should the fuel in a diesel fire pump be inspected?
7. How often should the fuses in a diesel fire pump be inspected?
4- Quarterly
5- 50 Years
6- Weekly
7- Monthly
9. How often do you test an electric fire pump?
10. How often should the water temperature of a gravity tank without a low temperature alarm be inspected?
11. How often should the air pressure of a pressure tank without a supervised air pressure source be inspected?
12. How often do you perform maintenance on a sprinkler system valve?
9- Monthly
10- Daily
11- Monthly
12- Annually
14. How often do you perform maintenance on fuses in a diesel engine fire pump?
15. How often should the air pressure of a pressure tank with a supervised air pressure source be inspected?
16. How often should Fire Department connections be inspected?
17. How often do you perform maintenance on control valves?
18. How often should interior check valves be inspected?
14. Semi-Annually
15. Quarterly
16. Quarterly
17 Annually
18. 5 Years
B. >>> Alarm sounds on the fire floor only.
C. Sounds in zones or groups of floors.
B. Due to troubles on lower floor, ignore alarm for the moment.
C. Send brigade to lower floor first then to upper floor condition.
D. Call Fire Department and report both trouble and fire alarm conditions for the building.
B. >>>Water flow alarms.
C. Smoke detectors.
D. Speaker/strobe.
B. Manual pull stations do not unlock fail safe reentry doors.
C. Sprinkler water flow alarms recall elevators.
D. HVAC duct smoke detectors shut off associated fan units.
B. Near the warden phones/
C. Near an emergency exit.
D. In the elevator lobby.
B. >>>>Initially, to alert those on the fire floor and one above (if alarm system is upgraded also sounds on the floor below)
C. Sounds on all floors for a general evacuation of the building-hi rise.
D. To calm people down.
B. Clean smoke detectors every six months.
C. Break glass stations require one replacement per station.
D. Intelligent smoke detectors report their cleaning needs automatically.
B. Box has diagonal stripe from upper right comer to lower left.
C. Red box says "Local alarm".
D. >>>Red box has 1″ diagonal stripe from upper left to lower right front of box.
B. Fire pump electric power
C. Pressure tank water levels.
D. Gravity tank water temperature.
B. Pull stations, warden phones, elevator recall.
C. >>>>Selective interior alarm system, public address, 2 way voice communications.
D. Interior alarms, strobes, public address system.
B. Central office connection to Fire Department.
C. Two way communication.
D. >>>Interior alarms.
B. Full modified E system.
C. Mini-E without Central Office connection.
D. Coded interior alarm system.
B. Alarm signals sent to fire floor and one above.
C. >>>Purges smoke from fire floor.
D. Alarm signal sent to central station.
B. Public Address systems above 1st floor
C. A Central Office Connection
D. Fire Command Station
B. Manual pull stations.
C. Fail safe release.
D. Public Address audibility on each floor.
B. Fireman's service is operable.
C. The central station (office) connection works.
D. >>System is on-line and trouble conditions are logged.
B. There are 25 rooms for rent.
C. Building is less than 75 feet in height.
D. Furnished room houses have no guest limits.
B- Pump pressures
C- Gallons flow
D- Temperature of the water.
Jesse Jackson
B- Daily lamp test status.
C- >>>Manual false alarm details.
D- Off/On line details.
B- Automatically resets after each alarm.
C- Self-clean.
D- Prints an schedule for cleaning.
B- Six # 1620 keys
C- One#2642 key
D- >>>Six # 2642 keys
B- Charged hose or extinguishers must be at location.
C- Each torch operator must have one or more fire guards while operation.
D- >>>Fire guard must inspect site one hour after completion.
B- >>>New log book every 3 years.
C- Semi-annual cleaning results.
D- Annual sensitivity results.
B- Daily (non-alarm) entries of Fire Safety Director on duty time.
C- Off line details.
D- Smoke Detector alarm details.
D = Daily C
W = Weekly B
M =Monthly A
SA = Semi-annual
A = Annual D AND E
B. Run Diesel fire pumps
C. Lamp test
D. Fire alarm components
E. Test smoke detectors
B. Hotels require quarterly drills on each shift.
C. Existing office buildings (E) require drills during normal hours.
D. FSD must conduct drills on all occupied floors and monitor occupant participation.
B- >>Manual station on all floors.
C- Any elevator lobby smoke detector.
D- Sprinkler water flow alarm test valve.
B. Service cars below grade.
C. >>Freight cars used for that purpose only.
D. Service use cars that serve all floors.
B- Two.
C- One and cellar.
D- All floors.
B. Open pull stations.
C. >>Turn on purge fans for selected floors.
D. Purge all floors at once.
B. Normal- Run.
C. Fireman's Service-Hold.
D. Fireman's Service-Hold- Run.
B. Warden Phone System
C. >>>ABC Fire Extinguisher
D. Public Address Speakers
B. Weekly.
C. Daily.
D. Only when fire drill is performed.
B- Near warden phones
C- In elevator lobby
D- Near the emergency command posts
B.>>>. They are more sensitive than rate of rise heat detectors.
C. They need to be replaced after they activate the alarm.
D. They consist of two electrical contacts housed in a protective unit.
B. communicate with every floor at the same time via warden phones.
C. cancel central station company notification.
D. >>>make an all call announcement throughout entire building or selective floors via a public address speakers
B. The alarm will be sent to the fire department via a central station company.
C. >>>>The alarm will be transmitted directly to the fire department.
D. The alarm pull station is located near an exit.
B. >>>fire emergency evacuation procedures
C. the obligations of building occupants in the event of a non-fire emergency
D. In-Building Relocation Areas
B. to provide power to tenant's appliances
C. >>>to provide power for processes involving the handling of hazardous materials
D. to provide power for all of the buildings elevators.
B. re-set the system as soon as it is known that it was an unwarranted activation.
C. re-set the system after calling the Fire Department dispatcher and canceling the Fire Department response.
D. re-set the alarm system upon orders from the central station company.
B. doors will continue to open until fully in the open position.
C. >>>doors will automatically shut.
D. cars will return nonstop to lobby.
B .>>> fire alarm signals are transmitted directly to the Central Station, by-passing the base building fire alarm system
C. supervisory and trouble signals will be displayed at both the sub-system and base building systems
D. they may be installed in a building with a required base building fire alarm system either voluntarily or mandated
B. The smoke detector maintenance logbook.
C. Four 2642 elevator keys.
D. Six spare sprinkler heads.
B. utilize Floor Warden Telephones.
C. >>>provide sufficient electricity for building tenants to continue using their computers.
D. recall three (3) elevators at a time using Fireman's service.
B. >>>monitor the building's components of its fire protection system
C. transmit fire alarm signals when there is a loss of power in building
D. automatically correct abnormal conditions within the protection system
B. Building Evacuation Supervisor.
C. >>>Building Owner
D. Responding Fire Dept. Officer.
B. recall all elevators non-stop to the lobby floor.
C. >>>activate the audible and visual alarms on the floor where activated, one floor above and the floor below (if applicable).
D. sends a signal to the nearest fire company.
B. Certificate of Fitness as a Fire Safety Director
C. High pressure boiler operating engineer's license issued by the Department of Buildings
D. >>>All of the above are correct.
B. The main panel must be reset before the fire alarm pull station is reset.
C. >>>the pull station must be reset to its normal position and then the main panel is reset.
D. A key is always required to reset the fire alarm system.
B. supervisory alarm signal.
C. >>>fire alarm signal.
D. an impairment signal.
B. Monthly for 60 minutes
C. Weekly for 30 minutes
D. Weekly for 60 minutes.
B. Keep the lobby clear of guests.
C. >>>Immediately re-set the alarm system.
D. Silence the alarm
B. immediately after the alarm is reported to be unwarranted.
C. after the building has been totally evacuated.
D. if the fire brigade extinguishes the fire.
B. >>security personnel on-duty
C. the Certificate of Fitness number of the on-duty FSD
D. the monthly Central Office Connection test.
B. impairment coordinator
C. >>>Certificate of Fitness holder
D. licensed master fire suppression piping contractor
B- Use of fire tower
C- >>>Installing full sprinkler protection
D- Making small area compartments
B- 10,000 square feet
C- 15,000 square feet
D- 7,500 square feet
B- Remove smoke from the stairs
C- Prevent sprinklers from opening
D- Put out the fire
B- Reduce smoke levels in the stairs
C- Control showroom fires
D- >>>Limit size of the fire areas on upper floors
B- More than 15,000 square feet in area
C- >>>More than 40 feet above street and over 7,500 square feet area
D- Building has central air and showroom more than 40 feet above street
B- >>>At the return side of the fan if over 2,000 CFM
C- Mechanical equipment room
D- At the supply side only of units over 15,000 CFM
B- HVAC smoke detectors
C- Sprinkler waterflow alarms
D- >>>Manual pull stations only
B- >>>Floor assemblies not smoke tight
C- Lightweight concrete
D- Spray-on fire protected steel columns
B- Office buildings may elect to lock stair side doors except every four floors re-entry must be provided
C- Re-entry starts at the uppermost occupied floor
D- Fail-safe locks release on re-entry floors with automatic actuation device operation
B- Stair letter and floor number
C- >>>"NO RE-ENTRY FROM THIS STAIR" sign and stair ID letter
D- Stair ID letter only
B- Elevator bank ID letter
C- Floor diagrams
D- >>>Answer A, B and C are correct
B- Location of warden phones
C- CPR illustration
D- >>>Diagram showing stair locations
B- Letter ID and floor number
C- Answer B plus "RE-ENTRY FLOOR" sign
D- Answer B plus "NO RE-ENTRY FLOOR" sign
B- Alarm points, public communication and 2-way warden phone
C- Two way communication
D- Selective audio/visual alarms to floors
B- Restricts office sizes
C- >>>Requires sprinklers
D- Gives a fire action plan to tenants and building staff
B- Restaurants
C- All indoor and outdoor stages providing live entertainment
D- >>>Dressing Rooms and Property Rooms used in Places of Assembly except Assembly Place with no scenery
B- Insured HVAC smoke detector shut down for multi-floor services
C- Provided auto purge for smoke control
D- Ballrooms required sprinklers for up to 300 occupants
B- 5% of rooms or a minimum of one
C- Minimum of three
D- Minimum of five
B- >>>Incident Commander provides #1620 key, issues order
C- Upon discovery of actual fire, purge fire floor immediately
D- Insert #2642 key in purge panel "AUTO" position
B- Manual purge floor by floor
C- >>>HVAC is segregated by type use
D- Each sleeping room has separate HVAC vents
E is B now and J is R-1 new code B for business and R-1 for hotels
B. To operate newly added strobe lights.
C. To boost light intensity.
D. >>>So deaf people see the activated alarm.
B. manually activated from the fire command station.
C. >>> a trouble alarm is received at the fire command station.
D. an elevator is operated on fireman's service.
B. treatment and flaring systems
C. >>>door and hinge systems
D. equipment intended to operate emergency ventilation systems
B. >>>be installed no more that 48 inches from the floor.
C. be painted purple.
D. be tested every two weeks.
B. exit letter ID and sign stating "NO RE-ENTRY".
C. exit letter identification only.
D. >>>alphabetical letter designating stairwell and a sign stating "NO RE-ENTRY FROM THIS STAIR EXCEPT DURING FIRE EMERGENCY".
B. The temperature at which a solid will burn.
C. >>>The elements needed to sustain combustion.
D. The temperature needed for the fire point of a flammable liquid.
B. >>>Amount of flammable vapor in air.
C. Temperature of the liquid
D. Twenty degrees of heat.
B. One hundred degrees above the ambient temperature
C. That temperature at which the gas will burn continuously.
D. Pyrolytic combustion.
B. Flammable liquid at the fire point temperature.
C. Ignition temperature of a solid.
D. >>>All of the above.
B. 10 lbs. multi-purpose dry powder.
C. Foam.
D. 10 lbs dry chemical.
B. Foam.
C. >>>Dry chemical powder.
D. Carbon dioxide gas.
B. >>>6000 sq. ft every 75 feet.
C. 12,000 sq. ft. every 75 feet.
D. 6,000 sq. ft. every 50 feet.
B. Liquid.
C. >>>Gas.
D. Chain reactive state.
B. >>>Fire point temperature
C. Free radical emissions temperature.
D. 451 degrees Fahrenheit
B. Three multi-purpose and three "K" type extinguishers.
C. Four multi-purpose.
D. >>>Four water and two "K" type.
B. >>>(3,Three)2-A- rated extinguishers.
C. Two Class ABC type (powder).
D. Three 2- B rated type (CO2).
B. Quarterly on each shift.
C. When needed.
D. Quarterly or as needed.
B. 35 inches maximum.
C. >>>10 feet minimum and 35 feet maximum (new installations 20 feet maximum.
D. Outside the room.
B. Quarterly by a cleaning company.
C. Annually by the Fire Department.
D. Monthly by a licensed contractor.
B. Deluge.
C. >>>Automatic dry pipe.
D. Non- automatic dry pipe.
B. >>>Oxygen.
C. Fuel.
D. Chain reaction.
B. Argon.
C. Carbon dioxide.
D. Oxygen.
B. A heat detector operates the solenoid.
C. A smoke detector trips the clapper valves.
D. Manual water control valves.
B. Clothing for sale.
C. Clothing on display at museums.
D. >>>Scenery for a Broadway play.
B. >>>Admixture.
C. Chemical change.
D. Pressure impregnation.
B. Restaurants.
C. Hotel lobbies.
D. Department stores.
B. 2 years.
C. >>>3 years.
D. 4 years.
B. Only if washed during the period.
C. If dry-cleaned during the warranted period.
D. >>>Any one of the choices.
B. Manufacturer of the item.
C. Local firehouse.
D. >>>Bureau of Fire Prevention.
B. Send a copy of the manufacturer's documentation as to the non-combustible character of item to the Chief of Fire Prevention.
C. The owner may prepare and file the affidavit with the FDNY.
D. None is required.
B. >>>The sample does not continue to burn for more than two (2) seconds after the match has been withdrawn
C. The sample burns clean, with no smoke generated.
D. The flaming material breaks or drips from the sample.
B. Manufacturer of the item with any approval numbers.
C. The exact description of the material
D. >>>Toxicity information.
16 For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.


text:
2000 nissan maxima
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
The amazing new area
The tour will begin at our store in Calle Escalinata, 10 (Plaza de Opera). We will start with a fast glance to the majestic Royal Palace and Cathedral of La Almudena, after a brief explanation, we will descend through the Cuesta de la Vega towards "Madrid Río", a large linear park that will allow us to discover, among many other things, the three historical bridges of the Manzanares: Puente del Rey (1816), Puente de Segovia (the oldest in the city, 1564) and finally the Puente de Toledo (1732).
After the Puente de Toledo, we will enter the Parque de la Arganzuela, to visit the footbridge of the same name built in 2008 by the French architect Dominique Perrault.
Before finishing, and on the way back to the Opera Square, we will visit the unique iron structure of the Andorra Bridge, the Hermitage of the Virgen del Puerto (rebuilt after the civil war); the Puerta de San Vicente (also reconstruction after the bombing of the war) and the Jardines de Campo del Moro, from where we can enjoy the best view of the Royal Palace. We will finish our walk at our starting point of Opera Square.
Requirements for the use of the segway:
- Minimum age: 10 years.
- Maximum authorized weight: 120 kgs.
- Use of helmet (facilitated by Madrid-segway)