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- About RVU
- Academics
- Current Students
- Departments
Class of 2022
Why did you choose RVUCOM? I primarily chose RVU because of how close it is to my family and the friends that I grew...
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Assistant Professor of Primary Care
What class/classes do you teach? I teach both years of Primary Care Medicine. Why did you choose to teach...
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RVUCOM faculty and staff include a wide variety of educators who are mentors and role models for our students. They demonstrate excellence in their knowledge, medical practices, professional conduct, and dedication to the education of our students.
RVUCOM and its administration have obtained community partnerships that will ensure that clinical sites and faculty resources needed for its student's education are available in the state of Colorado. The core clinical education of its students will be conducted under the supervision and guidance of college appointed faculty to ensure that they have the maximum opportunity to acquire the foundation of knowledge, skills and competencies they will need to be prepared and competitive for entry into any graduate medical education program.
RVUCOM faculty and administration are dedicated to ensuring that its students acquire the skills needed to become lifelong learners, have the abilities required for personal growth and maintenance of professional competency as well as the ability and desire to contribute to the growth of medical knowledge and improve medical care for their patients.


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How to prevent obesity among kids
The current lifestyle has created a negative impact on the health of kids. Kids are more prone to eating fatty and unhealthy...Leave a comment
The current lifestyle has created a negative impact on the health of kids. Kids are more prone to eating fatty and unhealthy...Leave a comment
Outdoor safety is very important for kids due to constant movement of vehicles. They could also be injured or harmed by animals...Leave a comment
Did you know that thousands of children suffered every year from painful injuries as their fingers got stuck in the door jams?Leave a comment
Babies are certainly the most adorable creations on earth. Every child is special to his or her parents. As a parent you...Leave a comment
Summer camps can be very beneficial for kids. It is a welcome change from the daily pressures of attending school,Leave a comment
Cold is a very common problem that attacks millions of people every year. There is no particular season in which you can...Leave a comment
Green vegetables are a storehouse of important nutrients. They are full of essential minerals and iron. No wonder then, that pediatricians always stress...Leave a comment
It is quite difficult to make your kids choose healthy food and when it comes to snacking, you can't stop them from munching...Leave a comment
Motion sickness is a common problem in children. This becomes a big problem when you are traveling or enjoying long car rides with...Leave a comment
Almost all children in every part of the world love to eat snacks but as they cannot differentiate between good and bad,Leave a comment
Are you wondering how to treat common cold in kids? If you think that you can easily use over-the-counter medicines for your kids...Leave a comment
Your baby's skin is enough soft and thus, you need to keep various factors in your mind when you go to buy sun...Leave a comment
Sunstroke is a heat related illness. It occurs when we are exposed to extreme heat of sun. The heat regulating system of a...Leave a comment
It puts many new mothers in agony when the bay does not stop crying for a long time. In fact it is only...Leave a comment
Today the biggest task that mothers face with their children is inculcating healthy eating habits. Innumerable fast food joints and junk food like...Leave a comment
No child likes to take medication. Depending on how it is administered it can either be painful or have a bad taste....Leave a comment
Bipolar disorder is also known as manic depression. It is a serious illness, but the good news is that it is treatable.Leave a comment
When your baby's doctor shows you a green flag to feed solid foods to your baby, get prepared.Leave a comment
Dyslexia is a condition that causes difficulty for the child to read or learn. It affects all the key components of learning such...Leave a comment
Toilet training of kids begins when the child can indicate in any way that it has soiled the diapers or makes some facial...Leave a comment
An awareness of health is necessary to keep yourself fit and strong. You should also spread this awareness among your children becauseLeave a comment
Believe me the last thing you want your child to suffer from is obesity. Though we often like that chubby little face and...Leave a comment
Only a mother knows how to feed a growing child, especially when the kid is very naughty. It's like small war at your...Leave a comment
Your kid is very precious to you and you cannot tolerate when it bothers from any health ailments. Kids are more susceptible to...Leave a comment
Whenever fever comes to our child, we become upset. Nobody likes to see their little ones in this situation. It is very important...Leave a comment
This is the first post for testing!!!! Good LuckLeave a comment

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text: Back to Calendar When: July 14, 2018 @ 6:00 pm – July 16, 2018 @ 7:00 pm Categories: General Events It's that time again – the beast is getting a face lift! Every six weeks we tear it down and put up all new problems. Please note that we will close at 6pm on Saturday, July 14th. We'll be open again for our regular hours on Sunday the 15th. Most importantly: Join us Monday night, July 16th for our BLOC PARTY! START TIME: 7pm. $10 TO PARTICIPATE. VEGETARIAN MEAL INCLUDED. We don't do disposable so BRING YOUR OWN BOWL! Registration required, call or come by today and we'll add you to the list!


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Program Type: Arts & Culture
Age: Adult
Registration for this event has closed.
Learn the fascinating life story of Albin Polasek, a beloved Winter Park resident, who suffered a stroke shortly after moving here. In recognition of World Stroke Day, hear an historical talk on Polasek, then stay to experience meditative coloring through line art.
A partnership with the Albin Polasek Museum & Sculpture Gardens
Register using the form below or by calling 407-623-3300, ext. 3.


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St. Matilda was the daughter of a Saxon Count. She was placed in a monastery early in life. Her grandmother, the abbess, entered the monastery after the death of her husband. Matilda left the convent when her parents gave her in marriage to Henry. He became Duke upon the death of his father and several years later was chosen to succeed Conrad as King of Germany. The queen was a virtuous person, comforting the sick, feeding the hungry, instructing the ignorant, and endeavoring to convert the sinners. Her husband was in accord with this. They had 3 sons and 2 daughters. After the death of the King Henry, Otto became king. The sons were displeased with their mother for using the money to continue her work and seized all of her property. She left the castle and went to the convent. She finally returned home but her troubles weren't over. She suffered much cruel persecution from her sons. She died in 968.
FEAST DAY- March 14
PATRON OF- Falsely accused
Responsorial Psalm
If you, O Lord, mark iniquities, who can stand?
Yesterday's Answer-
Today's Question-
Where is the usual place for liturgical prayer?


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Epica – Requiem For The Indifferent
Label: Nuclear Blast
Release Date: March 13, 2012
Epica's new album – Requiem for the Indifferent, packs a punch. It's their fifth studio album, and when it comes to electrifying guitars, thunderous drums, and symphonic sounds and structure, you can expect nothing less from Epica. Simone Simons' vocals are incredible as ever on this record with an impressive reach of high notes, and guitarist/vocalist Mark Jansen still growls like a lion. The album is inspired by modern day factors like tension between different religions and cultures, wars, natural disasters and financial crisis. The lyrics are incredibly well done. Right from their first record, I always felt Epica has the ability to become a beautiful flower in the future. The previous album Design The Universe was the peak point of Epica. Here is a sneak peak to the latest album:
The first track of the album is the instrumental intro, "Karma". Lots of gothic elements involved in this track along with some opera style choir. "Monopoly of Truth", the second track of the album is a continuation of "Karma". In one word, it's the best display of clean female vocals and harsh male vocals in modern times, beauty and the beast at its very best. I felt a kind of musical chemistry between the growls and clean vocals that left me wanting for more.
The next track on the record is the debut single, "Storm the Sorrow". A darker song that has clean vocals towards the beginning and in the chorus. The best part of the song is around 3:50, where Simone shows her vocal prowess with brilliant rhythm lines to back her vocals. The fourth song of the album, "Delirium" is by far the best. It sounds like it's coming from a different musical strata and it takes the listener deeper into the calmness and serenity of one's own mind. It's surely a master class piano composition and some real genius arrangements. The drums could have been excluded though.
I was eagerly waiting to hear the "title" track of the album, "Requiem for the Indifferent". This is one of the best tracks Epica have produced in their musical history, starting from the ethnic style intro with some classical eastern vocals and instruments used, to the unique fantasy-like lyrics. The guitars were panned to perfection. At 5:50 into the song most will jizz in their pants, some genius musicianship on display with no distortion, calmness personified, and then the transition to growls and distortion. Though the song may have been stretched a little longer than it should have been and Coen Janssen's keyboards were overshadowed by the guitars in many parts, one cannot deny the fact that the song lived up to its expectation.
Coming to two heavier songs in the list – "Internal Warfare" and "Guilty Demeanor": "Internal Warfare" has a fast paced intro. The delivery of the lyrics is dark and the chorus is certainly different from the other songs. The alternate picking and growls pick up the tempo for a short burst of time. This track has a more aggressive guitar and keyboard solo. "Guilty Demeanor" on the other hand is the first song of the album that I can tag as boring. It has a heavy intro but loses the spark somewhere in between. Though it is a short song, it doesn't live up to the standards created by its predecessors.
"Deep Water Horizon" falls a little weak in the arrangement after a certain point in the song, with too many things being tried at the same time. "Stay The Course" on the other side, is an average track with a few notable points like the fast paced riff with high pitched growls and two parts of the song where Simone again shows what her voice can do with nothing but just a keyboard track in the backing. Both are comparatively brighter songs in the album.
"Deter The Tyrant" and "Avalanche", are both very interesting compositions. While the intro to "Deter the Tyrant" reminds one of John Petrucci's intro in the song, "Glasgow Kiss" (not a copy, but almost similar tempo and arpeggios), the song itself is very catchy. The growls with a sort of Arabian influenced riff in the background add a uniqueness to the song. "Avalanche" has a more ambient feel to it. The lines, "Feels like living a dream, from which I cannot wake — Voices leaving me astray" are repeated throughout the song. The sadness here is heartfelt. The growls pick up the tempo but returns to normal tempo during the clean vocals. Use of tapping for the first time in the album on the guitars, and the Morse code message was perfectly executed.
The album ends with the track, "Serenade of Self-Destruction". Another classic piano intro, the song soon picks up pace with a lot of blast-beats going on in the background. Except for these two factors, the song is rather boring, and too long, stretching to 9:53. They try to convince the listener of their extreme existentialism in any way they can but at the same time they deliver sickly sweet melodies vocally (and sometimes on the guitar, or in the orchestra).
Epica proves to be one of the best theme composers with this album again; it's just a feast. The form of the music is not always European; the mystical atmosphere of the Eastern world also plays a role in some parts. The layout of songs, where to boil up, where to calm down, or where to get into a new variation, are all adjusted perfectly. Maybe that's the reason why almost every second of the album is delightful.
Isaac Delahaye creates some amazing guitar work on Requiem for the Indifferent and the rhythm section of bassist Yves Huts and drummer Ariën van Weesenbeek have the dynamic ability to swing from understated to bombastic without losing anything. Female vocals are often a make-or-break aspect of modern power metal and symphonic metal bands and Simone Simons puts in yet another jaw-dropping performance. She is definitely a serious talent. Unlike other divas, Simone is able to wander between poppy sounding smooth vocals and operatics, delivering her parts with a sincerity and force that few other singers can muster. Mark Jansen's beastly grunts sound phenomenal while tempos shift between the cinematic texture of the orchestra and unadulterated metal punctuation.
Every track on this album is heavily orchestrated, bombastic and saturated with huge choirs and vocals. To sum it all up, the new album is a treat for the hardcore Epica fans; it has the band sticking to what they are known to do best, along with it trying something different as in the track "Requiem for the Indifferent". The two instrumental tracks, "Karma" and "Anima" are very ambient symphonic pieces. The band is getting better with each album and hopefully will continue the momentum into their next venture.
Rating: 8/10


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The closing date for entries for this year's competition has been extended to Friday October 25th, so there is still plenty of time to get your entries in to us.
Entries can be submitted via email to email@example.com or by post to the following address:
Someone Like Me Art Competition
c/o Real Nation
24 Arran Quay
Dublin 7
If you have any questions please get in touch with the Someone Like Me Project Team on 01 522 4815 or email@example.com.
We can't wait to see all of your entries!


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look beyond what you see7:04 AM
I'd just got off the phone with one of my best friends. We were chatting about our lives, how we don't quite understand what God is doing, how what we see just doesn't always make sense.
It was then that I remembered a quote from one of my favorite childhood movies, "look beyond what you see."
It's been years since I've seen the Lion King movies, but they use to be my favorite. I remember sitting in front of that big TV with the remote, turning on the VCR and watching Disney with my little sister. And I remember that infamous quote from the monkey in Lion One and a Half telling Temon to, "look beyond what you see." I remember that as a child the line meant nothing to me, and in all honesty I haven't seen the movies recent enough to know the heart behind the words movie wise...But personally?
Now it's beginning to mean so much.
We never look beyond what we see.
Adults rarely do.
We say "seeing is believing," and never go beyond that. We see what everyone else is doing and say that they are right. We see what looks hard and back down. We see that we've tried and tried, and after seeing that quit, because we just can't see going on.
We don't go beyond what we see. We don't go beyond the mundane of life because we can't see anything else. We don't look to see anything more then what is right in front of us, because we can't imagine more then what meets the eye.
As adults we let go of imagination and daring and being who we want to be, and never look beyond what we see.
Because the world tells us that seeing is believing, and if you don't see it, then it can't possibly be real.
But God is teaching me something that to human eyes, to my eyes, should not be real, but is ever so true. God, from day one of graduating High School, has taught me to look beyond what I see. He has taught me to look beyond what I think is real, and look to Him, who I can't always see, and believe that He is doing something real and true in my life.
As an adult my day to day life is busy. Sometimes I don't feel like dreaming.
But God is teaching me to dream.
He has taught me to let go of what I see, and go so far beyond that - much further than I could ever dream possible.
He has taught me to see life in the sunsets, to see his fingertips in the clouds, his love in the broken, his power in the storms. He has taught me to see beyond to what I know is truth.
The world tells me that I can't believe what I do not see, but I believe in Him everyday, because when I look beyond what I can see with human eyes, I see a world of possibilities, of love, of standing united. I see my Savior giving me a second chance.
Because while that I cannot see Him physically, I feel Him every day.
16 of your thoughts
Hey! I thought I'd share my thoughts. I like how you started out the article with a quote from The Lion King, and also you are so right! It took nearly ten years for me to actually try start focusing more on God. Only recently have I picked up my bible and read It, seriously thought over what I read, applications, and prayer. I learned that you can't count on people, and learned that a VERY hard way. Also, why do us Christian young adults ( and teens), especially those our age aka the millinals or whatever they call us, why lock away and back down from what we see as hard. Without hard things, life would be a LOT less challenging and not as interestingReplyDelete
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Totally Evan - amen!Delete
So just question. Once you graduated high school, did you indeed start to see things differently and grow a bit? Ever since I graduated, I can say I have become a bit more mature according to friends of mine. And the crazy thing is I didn't notice until they said that they had seen a positive change in me. ( one case, I had been working at a ministry thrift store as a voltenner and still do. Last month the woman in charge of the area I work in told me she had seen a change in me ( a good one.) since when I started.Delete
Oh yes, by far I have grown and it really took off after High School. I think it was because I finally was considered an adult and making those choices that I didn't have to make for sure. In a way I was forced to grow-up and that made me more mature.Delete
I 'm sorry I went off topic. I just was curious if you have been going through the same cycle. Looks like it's not something just hat has happened to me. I honestly thin, ( well in my case I was public schooled), is possibly the results of adaptation to the real world? Hey, I'm gonna send you email about a short story I'm writing. I hope you can help me.Delete
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Thank you! XOXODelete
GIRL! YES. You faith in Gods plan will always go through rough patches where you aren't sure or you don't see him working in your life. Some times I find I am looking to closely. I find that I can see Gods work the most in my life when I reflect on a couple of months time and connect to things then and things happening now if that makes sense. Thank you for sharing <3ReplyDeleteReplies
YES YES!!!! Looking back over my life I can see how God has worked in the struggles of my life and how He's moved even when I didn't see it. Thank you for your comment!!! XOXODelete
Once again your post is so inspiring and encouraging, Kara, thank you so much!ReplyDeleteReplies
Aww thank you girl! You inspire me too. <3Delete
oof. I feel this. I'm in the summer between graduating and starting college right now, and while it looks like I have --PLANS-- on paper, nothing is certain and I don't know what my next even MONTH looks like. Thanks for the encouragement <3ReplyDeleteReplies
Oh I know the feeling and congrats on graduating!!! Don't be afraid of chances or being different, that's all part of being a new adult....still learning that actually haha.Delete
Thanks for commenting!!!
"He has taught me to see life in the sunsets, to see his fingertips in the clouds, his love in the broken, his power in the storms." - love that. Wow, great post, Kara!!ReplyDelete
Yes, as a friend of mine and I say often "keeping my eyes on what's above".... We have to look beyond this world sometimes, look up to Jesus. Thanks for this reminder <3Replies
Aw thank you, Sarah! I'm at a definite point in my life where I have to look up and see Jesus because right now, the struggles are coming and it's been a battle been the flesh and spirit. "Keeping my eyes on above," will probably have to be my mantra the rest of this work week. XOXODelete
Comments make me smile, lift my spirits and give me the motivation to continue writing. In return I'll comment on your blog, because you're awesome and deserve it.


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Orrin Keepnews
Orrin Keepnews, American record producer (born March 2, 1923, Bronx, N.Y.—died March 1, 2015, El Cerrito, Calif.), became a seminal modern jazz figure when he supervised hundreds of albums by major artists such as Thelonious Monk, Clark Terry, and Bill Evans. Keepnews's record labels were instrumental in documenting the creative heights of bop-era music. He graduated (1943) from Columbia University, served in the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II, and in the late 1940s edited The Record Changer, a magazine for jazz collectors. In 1953 Keepnews and Bill Grauer, the magazine's owner, formed Riverside Records to reissue classic 1920s recordings by such musical stars as King Oliver, Ma Rainey, and Jelly Roll Morton. The next year Keepnews began recording new music by living artists. Albums by Julian ("Cannonball") Adderley and Wes Montgomery, issued by Riverside and its subsidiary Jazzland, were especially popular. After Grauer's death (1963), Riverside and Jazzland ceased production. With pianist Dick Katz, Keepnews formed (1966) Milestone Records and produced albums by such notable artists as McCoy Tyner and Joe Henderson. After Fantasy Records bought (1972) Milestone and the rights to Riverside's recordings, Keepnews recorded new music and supervised reissues of hundreds of albums from the independent labels that Fantasy owned. In the 1980s he produced new albums for his own Landmark label, which he sold in 1993. By then he was producing CD reissue series of classic jazz for major labels, including BMG and Decca, and in 2007 he also helped produce the Keepnews Collection for Fantasy's most recent owner, the Concord Music Group. Of his four Grammy Awards, two were for records that he had produced and two were for liner notes (sleeve or album notes); he also wrote liner notes for the majority of recordings that he supervised. His memoirs, reflections, and album notes appeared in his book The View from Within: Jazz Writings, 1948–1987 (1988). Keepnews was honoured in 2011 as a jazz master by the National Endowment for the Arts.
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
Thelonious Monk
Thelonious Monk, American pianist and composer who was among the first creators of modern jazz. As the pianist in the band at Minton's Playhouse, a nightclub in New York City, in…
Clark Terry
Clark Terry, American jazz musician (born Dec. 14, 1920, St. Louis, Mo.—died Feb. 21, 2015, Pine Bluff, Ark.), played trumpet and flügelhorn with a rare wit and a sense of melody and harmony that bridged the swing and bop eras. Terry, who was one of the most expressive of modern…
Bill Evans
Bill Evans, American jazz pianist known for lush harmonies and lyrical improvisation, one of the most influential pianists of his time. Evans's first piano teacher was his mother; he…


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Joan King
Online business entrepreneur, Graduate in political science and International Relations. Freelance writer with several blogs.
The story of Spotify: from small Swedish start up to billion dollar empire
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Trump's son-in-law Jared Kushner banned from classified briefings
Eating more than you think
From garbage to sustainable clothing at London Fashion Week
Surprising revelations about high risk of premature death for single fathers
Bermuda just became first in the world to repeal same sex marriage
Democrats hurt Donald Trump's feelings by not cheering him on
Billionaire businessman threatens lawsuit over Canada geese droppings
Joe Kennedy blames Trump for era of divisiveness, hate and fear
Why you could expect your dentist to ask you questions about your sex life
Donald Trump's adult film star scandal - the Stormy Daniels interviews
Perfect cognitive scores – so what's Donald Trump's excuse?
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Tennis star Serena Williams' idyllic wedding to Reddit founder
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Lobbyists among 17 White House staff Trump grants ethics waivers to
Tremors of the Trump-Macron handshake felt around the world
How the 'king maker' James Comey got trumped
Reporter allegedly body slammed by Republican candidate


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-All of our current classes are either held at:
-Class size will not exceed 20-25 students in order to provide the best experience possible. If you see *CLOSED* next to a class date, that class has reached capacity and is unavailable.
-When we reach capacity, the class will be closed, and a new class will be added. Tickets must be purchased in advance.
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-Private classes are available. We can hold a class at almost any venue!
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Consulting projects 2008-2009
In fall 2009 the companies 3 M, Coca-Cola, JTI, Nokia, P&G co-operated with GSOM.
Consulting project topics
- New Product Introduction Strategy for the Russian Heat-Insulating Materials Market (3М)
- Increasing Customer Loyalty in Case of Device Failure (Nokia)
- Russian Experiences of P&G with Job Outplacement during Enterprise Restructuring (Procter&Gamble)
- Evaluation of ROI in HR-Training Activities, Japan Tobacco International, Petro Factory in St. Petersburg (JTI)
- PR Strategy Effectiveness Measuring Methodology for North-West of Russia (Coca-Cola)
In spring 2009 the companies 3M, Caterpillar, Intel, Lumene, Microsoft/Digital Design, Schlumberger co-operated with GSOM
Consulting project topics
- NexCare brand - developing First Aid product category in Russian retail chains (at the example of Lenta and O'Key, St. Petersburg) (3M)
- Standard Work Process implementation & organization of inventory records accuracy control (Caterpillar)
- Russia High Performance Computing (HPC) market research for the upcoming 5 years: dynamics & growth potential (Intel)
- Logistics system optimization & cost analysis per customer in case of warehousing and transportation outsourcing (Lumene)
- Detailed development of positioning & promotion strategy for Digital Design, a Microsoft's partner company (Microsoft/Digital Design)
- Analysis of capital and operating expenditures for upstream oil and gas companies in Russia: strategy, trends and outlook for the future (Schlumberger)
In fall 2008 the companies Jensen Group, DELOITTE, AmRest (Pizza Hut, KFC), JTI (Japan Tobacco International), 3M, SPN Ogilvy, Coca-Cola HBC Eurasia co-operated with GSOM.
Consulting project topics
- Sosnovo project - alternatives for development of the land plot in Leningrad oblast. How to achieve 25% Internal Rate of Return (Jensen Group)
- The Business plan of fourth party logistics service provider (4PL) in Russia (DELOITTE)
- SWOT analysis - AmRest Russia (AmRest)
- Factors influenced on sales (AmRest)
- Developing a set of criteria / approach to choose either Safety Lead Time or/and Safety Stock solution to secure materials supply at the optimal cost (JTI)
- Marketing research and promo plan 3M products development for DIY и First Aid categories in key account national retail chains (Lenta, Karusel, OK) (3M)
- NW region construction market research and promo plan development for 3М construction portfolio (3M)
- Corporate culture of SPN Ogilvy in terms of developing markets: analysis, peculiarities, recommendations (SPN Ogilvy)
- New employee of Coca-Cola: tools and methods of effective adaptation (Coca-Cola HBC Eurasia)


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The Zodiac Open 6.5 offers a beautifully ergonomic cockpit and exceptional modularity - The SUV of the seas!
The Zodiac Open 6.5 is the ultimate crossover boat.
There is plenty of space with compartments for dive equipment. It's also easy and safe to slide in and out of the water with hand ropes fitted to each tube.
You can fish astern or at the bow with an unobstructed deck, add optional features for watersports or simply lie back and enjoy a ride around the Gulf!
Contact our sales team or see downloads for full specs.
Price is a guide only and is subject to currency and shipping fluctuations. Price includes boat with standard equipment and minimum recommended outboard fitted.


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2015 The Beatles T-Shirt
C2015 The Beatles T-Shirt
The Beatles brand
Mottled grey t-shirt with vintage/worn style Beatles UK flag motif to front
Tagged size S (Do not rely on tagged size. Please check measurements for size. Measurements taken with item laying flat from seam to seam)
Chest: 49cm Length: 66cm


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Jim Morgan
Business Banker II
Pipestone, MN
Jim Morgan has been with the organization since 1997 and was Credit Review Officer until becoming Business Loan Officer/Vice President. He attended North Dakota State University, earning a degree in Business Administration and minors in Accounting and Economics.
Jim is a big part of the Pipestone community, serving as treasurer of Arrow Athletic Booster Club, Treasurer and coach of Pipestone Youth Basketball Association, and board member and coach of Pipestone Youth Baseball Association. In his spare time, Jim enjoys golfing, hunting, fishing, and spending time at Lake Shetek. Jim, his wife Kim, and their two sons, Jacob and Jackson, reside in Pipestone, MN.


text: According to Ubisoft's store page the Deluxe Edition includes four extra single player missions. I have AC III which was giving to me as a download code from a recent purchase. I assume the game is the standard edition, I have not used the code yet. Will the season pass hook me up with all the features of the digital deluxe version? For example, will I get the four digital deluxe missions plus all the other stuff?


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Woodstock lives on in one man's heart -- and basement
Jessica Williams - Wednesday, July 8, 2009 8:14 AM
Originally published June 25, 2009.
As society moves forward, Richard Williams of rural Huntington wants to make sure people don't forget to look back.
Williams grew up in the '60s, and he knows just about everything about the era to prove it.
He has a library of more 200 books on the generation and tons of DVDs and videotapes. But what's most impressive is his love for Woodstock and all the keepsakes he owns from the monumental event that have piled up his basement.
Among his 500 records, numerous posters, banners, knick-knacks, autographs (one of which is Bob Dylan, who Williams has seen perform 22 times) and original programs and tickets, Williams says his favorite item in the collection is a rock he picked up on his 1994 trip to a Woodstock anniversary concert that was a part of the original stage.
"You name it, I got it," Williams says, referring to his collection.
He has also visited the original site one other time.
The original Woodstock was a three-day concert that took place Aug. 15-17, 1969, in Bethel, NY. An estimated 500,000 guests attended the music festival, which took place on 600 acres.
Williams attended the 25th anniversary concert in 1994, but wasn't allowed to go to the original in New York because his dad said no; he was about 15 or 16 and living outside of Madison, WI.
He says not only does he remember that the Vietnam War was going on at the time of Woodstock, but that he was hearing all of this new music he had never heard before.
"I just want to make sure the '60s don't get left behind, 50 years from now, when we boomers are gone. I hope somebody still looks back in history books and (says), 'wow, those guys had a good time back then.' It was important, not just for the music ... but culturally, everything changed in the '60s," Williams explains.
He thinks the '60s are not just an unimportant part of history.
"To me, it means everything because it's when we, as a boomer generation, started to change things. We pushed the limits, we started rebelling," he says.
However, most of the rebelling was done without violence, Williams says. "It was more innocent than people think ... There was a lot more innocence back then than there is now, really."
He also says about the hippies of the generation, "Peace and love really do mean something (to them)."
Musically, Williams doesn't think any other era has been nearly as influential.
"I think there's been concerts as big, as far as people, but not as important. That one defined our generation," he says.
Williams says of his financially insured collection, "I have it in my will to make sure this stuff gets distributed to somebody who respects it and knows what it means."


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We have daily before our eyes this mass basalt that overlooks the villages of Serres and Salvini. She was always there, no one is even more cautious, and yet what a wonderful site! To climb the rock, the more adventurous can climb the "Hole of the scale," good walkers, and the Monthélie Robertie (this path is an ancient Roman road, we could see before paving, slabs characteristics these achievements) and the less courageous by Saignes by car. Once at the top is a delight. At your feet, the Valley of the Sumène with the continuity of the houses is Vebret-Couchal Lempradets and Montpigot them (see photograph on the cover of the Bulletin No. 12 January 95). On your right the grooves of the Violin, the Monsell, Antignac, the distant mountains of Cantal. In front of you, and Cézallier Artense to the Massif du Sancy, of course, the Organ Bort, and lost sight of the granite plateau of the Limousin. It is a beautiful sight well worth it as some sites will look far abroad. And if you have the chance to make this trip on a beautiful autumn sun, descend via the Robertie, the foliage of the forest is beautiful. Continue reading
Posted May 30, 2010 at Vebret


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Alt Innsbruck, one of my favorite warm weather aftershaves, is back in stock. This classic aftershave/cologne from Austria is very interesting. It has a healthy dose of menthol for a nice cooling effect and has a scent that will linger all day without being overpowering. It is a unique scent (tobacco flower) that will pique the interest of those around you.
Do you like cooling aftershaves? Do you like using unique scents that set you apart from the crowd? If so, I highly recommend Alt Innsbruck. It has a permanent spot in my personal aftershave rotation.


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1. Unlock or awake your device
2. Check the network connection of your device
3. Initiate AirDroid on your device
And then click âReconnectâ on the web page to try connect again.
II. If it fails again and you are sure the device and the computer is under a LAN(Local Area Network), you may try connect to your device by sign in with IP address.
How to: Visit the IP address shown in AirDroid on your device.
III. If your device and computer are not under a LAN(Local Area Network) then the connecting process may take a while. If you are not sure it times out, try reconnect again.
Update (2013/05/28):
We read every comment here and on Google Play about the connection issue. It's a top priority for our product team to solve it. The updates coming in the following months will focus on improving connection reliability. Thanks.


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- To Tempt a Viscount
- To Dodge a Duke
- To Entice an Earl
Miss Alexandra Farris lost her heart to her older brother's friend, Lord Maxon Collins, long, long ago. Despite her girlhood attempts to win him, he never noticed her. Now that her first season is underway, she understands why. He prefers willowy blondes, not curvaceous maidens with darker coloring like herself. Rather than wallow in self-pity, she forgets love and focuses on something more attainable—an advantageous match.
Lord Collins is plagued by an uncomfortable feeling whenever he goes near Miss Farris. One of annoyance. And yet, he can't seem to stop thinking of her, touching her, kissing her...He must act in her brother's stead, which means he has to approve her suitor and ensure her safety. Unfortunately, he can't seem to find a worthy gentleman.
Wedding her off should be a simple task, but not if he can't let her go.
Publisher: The Wild Rose Press, Inc.
Cover Artists:
"I have too given you compliments."
"Really?" She exhaled. "Name one."
He contemplated the matter for a moment and then said, "I told you your hair was prettier in disarray."
She had forgotten that. "So you said one thing. Congratulations."
"Thank you." He swept an exaggerated bow and smirked up at her.
"That is not something to be proud of. Why, it's not even that monumental a compliment."READ MORE
He straightened, and a light flared in his eyes. There had always been an easy mood between them, but he had never looked at her in such a way before. It was almost, well, sinful.
"Allow me to remedy my error, then." He caught her hand in his, and gazed deep into her eyes. "Your eyes remind me of a summer storm." Her gaze faltered from his, but he continued. "Your skin is as smooth as fine porcelain, and your hair is made of the most enticing curls I have ever seen. I can imagine your freed hair would make a man lose his senses. And lastly, you have deliciously kissable lips."
She swallowed. His ridiculous, probably oft-used lines had the most amazing effect on her. Her knees had grown weak, and her mind was slow to focus. "I-I d-don't think…" Her voice trailed off as he chuckled.
"With that said, you also possess a tremendous ability to irritate me beyond comprehension."COLLAPSE


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I have to apologize to you. I have not kept up very well with my posts and admittedly i have been avoiding it. It is really difficult for me to writing things like, "we have a new delay", "shouldbe leaving in a day" or "change of plans". I have noticed that my pride is being more affected than i had even considered it could be. I hadn't acknowledged it to myself until yesterday but, i think i am embarrassed by our set-backs. once i realized that this was in fact a response i have been feeling i see how wrong of a response it actually is. Essentially, what that means is that i think i deserve better or more from this blessing i have been given. "What an amazing opportunity, and in such wonderful timing! Praise God!" i was saying. But now, now i am dissaticefied??? I am ashamed for being 'fair-weather' now that things arent what i expected.
Time to change my perspective!!
To catch you up, we left Miami to come back up the coast to Loggerhead Marina in Hollywood, FL and here we are getting this blasted generator fixed. We would have had Steve (our mechanic) come instal the new part yesterday but were unable to due to TORRENTIAL rains. Down pour, ALL day long. It actually turned out to be a great day -Playing cards up at the captain's lodge together, reading, watching Grease with Tina.. all in all a good time. :) SO, Steve came by today, has fixed what we belive to be the issue and now "we plan to leave tomorrow".
Yesterday we finished the day off with going out to dinner with our slip-neighbors who we just met. Get this--They also own an Amel (same exact design, different year) and are from --wait for it-- Fort Collins, CO!! What a small world right? It has been great getting to know them and discussing all things Colorado and sharing our joy about missing the cold and snow (No offense meant to all you Coloradans...sorry) Today, passing by on the dock, Joe and Tracy asked if id like to hop on and go sail the coast for the day. After checking in with Ken and Tina i extactically uncleated the sternline and jumped on board.
What a fun time! I could instantly tell we'd get on well when they started throwing Captain Ron quotes around. :) Our fourth member for the day was a Kiwi (from New Zealand) named Richard. He's a care taker of the boat just across the dock from us. Undoubtedly being the most knowledgable and experienced out of the four of us, i pelted him with questions of this and that all day long. Mostly about sail strategy and vocabulary but also about the Captain's licensing procces differences between the US and Australia/NewZealand/England. He was very helpful.
The HIGHLIGHT of my trip thus far:
Today while sailing back from the outing with joe, tracy, and richard, we were headed into the sun with the wind in our faces. I got to climb out onto the Bow-head railing (the very very front of the boat) and sit with my legs hanging through the rungs. The waves breaking against the bow, the salty splashes hitting my toes and- what's that? dolphins?? Yes it is! 2, no 4, 5--> 6 dolphins?! They leapt out of the foamy break just feet away from my legs and some within a foot of the boat. I dont know if i could describe a more delightful display of God's splendor than that moment of happiness. Believe me, it couldn't have been more exhilarating than if Leo DiCaprio had come up behind me and started snogging me during the sunset While My Heart Will Go On played in the background...
So, It's been a good day; A very good day.! Despite the difficulties and the lack of expectations being met, leading me to being a doubter of God's goodness and provision, He is STILL chosing to show Himself to me through beauty, blessing and patiences.
What an Awesome Creator and Savior i serve!
Have a good Sunday everyone!! I'll catch you on the flipside.


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Scrabble & Words with Friends Word Unscrambler
Definition of Ashfall
0 Definition of Ashfall
The definition of ashfall, the meaning of word Ashfall
Is ashfall a scrabble word? Yes!
0 Synonym of Ashfall
Ashfall is worth 13 points in Words with Friends and 14 points in Words with Friends
There are 7 letters in ashfall: A A F H L L S


text: With less than 7 weeks until Christmas, the countdown has officially begun and it will be here before you know it! The aim of this newsletter is to provide you with everything you need to prepare for your Festive Season entertaining – at least on the ingredient, entertainment and gifting front! It is jam-packed with everything from the latest festivals to attend and restaurants to visit, to ingredients to try and gifts to buy. I have also included a variety of mouthwatering recipes for everything from starters and mains, to side dishes, desserts and drinks. Continue reading December 2017 Newsletter


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Another great shot of Angela Duncan as Dily Rubens in just some white panties from a scanned 10 by 8 print from Kevin. Angela seems to be holding up her assets in this shot and I just love the way she is perched on the edge of that seat allowing us to see the curve of her hip, a perfect view! The other shots from this set posted to date can be seen here.
Dily Rubens – Captivating Curves (Original)
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What a waist! Even June Palmer would envy that one.
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Restoration Strategies Science Plan
As part of the Restoration Strategies Program, the South Florida Water Management District is implementing the Science Plan for the Everglades Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs). Initiated in 2013 and updated in 2018, the Science Plan is intended to improve the understanding of mechanisms and factors that affect phosphorus treatment performance, particularly those that are key drivers of performance at low phosphorus concentrations (less than 20 parts per billion, or µg/L). Results from the Science Plan studies will aid the design and operations of water quality projects to achieve the stringent phosphorus criterion established for the Everglades. Data and information gathered from the studies also may be used to develop and refine modeling tools.
The Science Plan was developed by a team of SFWMD scientists, modelers and engineers with input from technical consultants and Restoration Strategies Technical Representatives from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Florida Department of Environmental Protection, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and U.S. Department of the Interior (Everglades National Park and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service).
Studies under the Science Plan are conducted by District staff, experts from universities and/or technical contractors. Larger studies have involved all three mechanisms. Four umbrella contracts were developed competitively to provide outside support for the first five-year increment of studies. These arrangements will be re-competed in Fiscal Year 2018-2019 for the next five-year increment.
For more information, contact Tom James, SFWMD Principal Scientist.
Related Content
- Restoration Strategies Science Plan – July 2018 Update [PDF]
- 2018 Five-Year Work Plan [PDF]
- Original Detailed Study Plans (September 2014) [PDF]
- Overview of Projects and Findings – 2018 South Florida Environmental Report, Chapter 5C: Restoration Strategies Science Plan Implementation [PDF]
- Restoration Strategies Science Plan – Related Documents
- Restoration Strategies for Clean Water for the Everglades
- Water Quality Improvement
Plan Studies*
* This list will be updated periodically. The status of studies will change from ongoing to completed once they are finalized.
Evaluation of Inundation Depth and Duration for Cattail Sustainability
Investigate the inundation depth and duration threshold that maintains healthy cattail (Typha domingensis) communities in the Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs).
The study includes two phases:
- Phase I – In-situ monitoring of water depth, biomass, and plant density in STA-1 West (STA-1W) Cell 2A and STA-3/4 Cell 2A, which historically have experienced poor cattail growth and eventual cattail loss.
- Phase II – Test cell experiments of cattail subjected to various controlled depths and durations.
Activities Completed and Current Status
Phase I was completed in 2018. Monitoring in STA-1W Cell 2A was discontinued after one year due to widespread decline of the cattail community in the cell.
Preparations for Phase II – including refurbishment of the STA-1W Northern Test Cells to improve soil and water control system – were completed in December 2016. Cattail grow-in started in early 2018. Cattail will be allowed to grow and fully mature prior to the initiation of experimental testing.
An analysis of water depths in STA-1W Cell 2A and STA 3/4 Cell 2A from Water Year 2011 (WY2011) to WY2016 indicates that values were generally above target depth (38–45 centimeters [cm]), but rarely at or exceeding 91 cm. The most prominent effects, in both inflow and outflow regions of these cells, were the decline of biomass (total, roots, rhizomes and shoot bases) within a one-year period (between 2014 and 2015). In STA-3/4 Cell 2A, water depths also generally exceeded the target more frequently and were deeper than levels in STA-1W Cell 2A. Water depths at the inflow region were consistently deeper than at the outflow region in STA 3/4 Cell 2A. Water depths greater than 91 cm occurred about 13% of the time in the inflow region of this cell. No significant difference in cattail density (p>0.05) between these two regions were observed in the first year of the survey. This lack of difference could be because this cell was rehabilitated in the year preceding the start of the study, hence the cattail community was healthier and relatively young. Monitoring is continuing to further assess the effects of deep water in STA 3/4 Cell 2A. Monitoring in STA-1W Cell 2A was discontinued after one year due to the widespread decline of cattail community in this cell.
In both cells, water depth is likely a factor in cattail community decline, however other factors may have contributed to this decline, including soil conditions, the presence of floating cattail mats/tussocks and floating aquatic vegetation, which could have outcompeted the cattail vegetation. A separate study is being planned to evaluate the effects of soil factors (e.g. soil structure and gas ebullition).
Reports and Publications
- Diaz, O. 2018. Appendix 5C-5: Evaluation of Inundation Depth and Duration Threshold for Cattail. In: 2018 South Florida Environmental Report – Volume I, South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL.
Evaluate Phosphorus Sources, Forms, Flux and Transformation Processes in the Everglades Stormwater Treatment Areas
Evaluate factors that affect phosphorus (P) treatment performance of the Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs), particularly those that are key drivers at the lower reaches of the treatment flow-ways (FWs). This study will provide critical information to explain factors and processes that influence STA performance and will serve as basis to develop or improve management options to reduce total P (TP) discharge concentrations from the STAs.
There are multiple components (sub-studies) to this study, including:
- Data Mining
- Flow-way Water Quality Assessment
- Microbial Enzyme Activity
- Vegetation Assessments
- Organic P Speciation
- Soil Characterization
- Particulate Dynamics
- Phosphorus Flux Dynamics
- Role of Fauna
Activities Completed and Current Status
Data mining was completed in 2017. Flow event and sub-study data collections will continue through 2019. The individual sub-studies are in different stages of implementation. Transects samples, microbial samples, porewater samples and flux measurements were taken for six separate flow events. Particulate samples were collected using traps in STA-2 FW 3 and STA-3/4 Western FW; these samples are being analyzed for nutrient content. Erosion, velocity and meteorological measurements have provided important information of the effects of flow on particulate transport. Soil and vegetation biomass were sampled in all study flow-ways. Vegetation coverage surveys, biomass measurements and fauna surveys in both emergent aquatic vegetation (EAV) and submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) cells are continuing according to the study plan.
* (For detailed information on each sub-study, please see Reports and Publications.)
- Data Mining: This sub-task showed the importance of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus coupling on STA P reduction. The analysis revealed a zonal pattern of components along the flow-way (soil, vegetation and surface water characteristics) and the significance of labile soil P as a consistent and sensitive indicator of P flux.
- Flow-way Water Quality Assessment: A distinct TP concentration gradient along the treatment flow-ways was observed at all periods of the flow events. However, average TP concentration reduction was higher for FW 1 than for FW 3. Soluble reactive P (SRP) accounted for a majority of the reduction in FW 1 while particulate P (PP) accounted for most of the reduction in FW 3. In FW 3, TP concentrations increased under stagnant condition following a period of high flow but not after low flow. The TP increase was largely due to increase in particulate P (PP), particularly at stations closer to the inflow. At the outflow region of both flow-ways, residual P was comprised mainly of PP and dissolved organic P (DOP). SRP was reduced early in the flow-way and reached minimum detection limit (2 µg/L) at the mid-region of both flow-ways.
- Flux Measurements: Vertical diffusive flux likely produced an internal load to water column P in the inflow and midflow regions, but not at the outflow region. However, the chambers measuring flux rates showed positive net fluxes in the outflow region. P flux declined from inflow to outflow. The sources of these fluxes, especially at the outflow regions have yet to be determined. Additional controlled flow event monitoring is underway in STA-2 FW 1.
- Microbial Assays: Trends in enzyme activity for two P-acquiring enzymes, one carbon (C)-acquiring enzyme and one N-acquiring enzyme were variable between the surface water and periphyton, between seasons and during flow or stagnant conditions for the flow events conducted in STA-2 FW 3 in 2016. Enzymatic activity in the periphyton for all enzymes was greater under stagnant conditions than flowing conditions, while enzymatic activity was less in the water column for stagnant conditions than flowing conditions. P and C enzyme activity in the periphyton increased along the nutrient gradient from inflow to outflow, but there was no consistent trend in surface water samples. For both surface water and periphyton, enzymatic activity was lowest in the summer compared to the spring and fall events.
- Vegetation Assessments: TP storage in the vegetation was substantially higher at the inflow region for EAV compared to SAV. TP concentration in vegetation tissues decreased from the inflow to the outflow of STA-2 FW 1 and FW 3. TP concentrations in SAV tissues at the inflow region of FW 3 were higher than in EAV tissues at the inflow region of FW 1, indicating higher P uptake by SAV; this trend reversed at the middle and outflow regions.
- Soil Characterization: High P enrichment of floc and soil were found near the inflows with concentrations decreasing toward the outflows. Enrichment of floc and recently accumulated soil in STA-2 FW 1 (EAV-dominated) was substantially higher and more spatially extensive than in STA-2 FW 3 (SAV-dominated). TP in the floc and recently accumulated soil from FW 1 was predominantly organic, while TP from FW 3 was primarily inorganic. P storage in FW 1 was higher than FW 3 due to higher bulk density of floc and accumulated material in FW 1. Spatial trends in floc and soil TP concentrations and storage in STA-3/4 Cell 3A (EAV) and Cell 3B (SAV) were similar to those observed in STA-2.
- Particulate Dynamics: Current and suspended sediment concentrations followed a diurnal pattern driven by peak winds in the afternoons in STA-2 FW 3. The effects of wind speed were greatest at the inflow where a long fetch and lack of vegetation in the water column allows for more wind-driven flows compared with the midflow and outflow. Sediments accumulating in STA-2 FW 3 show P sequestration with TP concentrations showing a declining gradient from inflow to outflow. Vertical traps and videos have shown particle settling, accumulation and resuspension in the water column. Sedimentation rates decreased from inflow to outflow and the particle size in the water column increased from the inflow to the outflow regions.
- Fauna Study: The STAs support substantial fish, waterfowl and invertebrate populations. The mean density of fish and invertebrates is greater in the STAs than in other similar wetland areas in the region (Shark River Slough and WCAs 3A and 3B). The effect of these high populations in the STAs can be significant. Based on bird population estimates and SAV consumption, approximately 4% of STA-1 West's TP external loading could be attributed to coot (a waterfowl) grazing on SAV thus affecting the overall P cycling in the STAs.
Reports and Publications
- Villapando, R and J. King. 2018 Appendix 5C-3: Evaluation of Phosphorus Forms. Flux, and Transformation Processes in the Stormwater Treatment Areas in Volume I 2018 South Florida Environmental Report.
Use of Soil Amendments or Soil Management to Control Phosphorus Flux
Determine if flux of phosphorus (P) from the soil to the overlying water column can be reduced by application of soil amendments and/or soil management techniques and thereby lowering outflow P concentrations.
The original study plan includes three phases:
- Phase I – Review existing information.
- Phase II – Small-scale experiments to screen amendments or soil management techniques identified in Phase I for their ability to inhibit soil P flux.
- Phase III – Field trials of the most promising soil amendment or management techniques based on Phases I and II.
Activities Completed and Current Status
Phase I was completed in October 2015 with three tasks:
- Literature review of technologies for controlling soil-P flux in wetlands or lakes.
- Review data from past SFWMD supported projects relevant to this study.
- Determine feasibility of implementing any of these technologies at full-scale in the Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs).
Phase II was canceled.
Phase III soil management, specifically soil inversion, will be evaluated in STA-1 West (STA-1W) expansion area starting in 2019.
A comprehensive review of available technologies and amendments indicated that many could lower outflow P concentrations. Due to many uncertainties regarding long-term treatment effectiveness of soil amendments, potential effects to STA operations, high costs to implement at full-scale in the STAs and their effects to downstream Everglades flora and fauna, no further evaluation was considered, with one exception. The study is proceeding to Phase III with an evaluation of the benefits of soil inversion (i.e., soil management with no amendments), which will be investigated in the STA-1W Expansion Area in early 2019.
Reports and Publications
- Chimney, M. 2015. Phase I Summary Report for the Use of Soil Amendments/Management to Control P Flux Study. Technical Publication WR-2015-006. South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL.
Stormwater Treatment Area Water and Phosphorus Budget Improvements
Improve the annual water and phosphorus (P) budgets for selected Stormwater Treatment Area (STA) treatment cells or flow-ways.
The study includes two phases:
- Phase I – Evaluate the annual water budgets for STA-3/4 Cells 3A/3B; used as a test case. Evaluate sources of error and improve the annual water budgets.
- Phase II – Improve period of record (POR) flow data and water and phosphorus budgets for STA-3/4 (all cells) and STA-2 Flow-ways 1-3.
Activities Completed and Current Status
Phase I evaluation was completed in 2014. Phase II is ongoing.
Period of record flow data for STA-3/4 (all cells) and STA-2 Flow-ways 1 to 3 have been improved. Work is underway to improve the SFWMD's Water Budget Tool. Improved POR water and phosphorus budgets for STA-2 Flow-ways 1 to 3 were completed in 2017 and STA-3/4 (all cells) were completed in 2018 and will be reported in 2019.
For STA-3/4 Cells 3A/3B, small differences in water levels across large culverts at mid-levees were the main source of error in annual cell-by-cell water budgets. The budgets were greatly improved by updating flows between the upper and lower portions of the flow-way. Annual errors for the water budgets were reduced to 8%. Rainfall, evapotranspiration, change in storage and seepage were minor contributors to these cells' annual water budgets and the current methods for estimating these components were found to be acceptable for Phase II.
Annual water and P budgets were developed for STA-2 Flow-ways 1 to 3 for Water Year 2002 (WY2002) to WY2016. Improved POR flow and stage data for STA-2 inflow and outflow structures were used in the analyses. The data and the configurations for the water budgets were reviewed and updated. Rainfall measurements were added. A new calibrated seepage coefficient (1.1 cfs/ft/mi) was used for the water budgets. These efforts resulted in more reliable water and P budgets and other performance estimates including annual and long-term average annual hydraulic retention times, hydraulic loading rates, P loading rates and annual P reduction efficiency.
Reports and Publications
- Polatel, C., W. Abtew, S. Krupa and T. Piccone. 2014. Stormwater Treatment Area Water and Phosphorus Budget Improvements – Phase I: STA-3/4 Flow-ways 3A and 3B Water Budgets. Technical Publication WR-2014-004. South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL.
- Zhao, H and T. Piccone. 2018. Appendix 5C-6 Summary Report for Stormwater Treatment Area 2 Flow-ways 1, 2, and 3 Water and Total Phosphorus Budget Analyses. In: 2018 South Florida Environmental Report – Volume I, South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL.
Improving Resilience of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in the Stormwater Treatement Areas
Sequenced communities of emergent aquatic vegetation followed by submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) have provided effective phosphorous (P) removal in many of the Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs). However, SAV plant communities have not proven entirely sustainable, due in part to various factors such as extreme weather conditions and herbivory. Additionally, there is a concern that the fine marl soils that are deposited in SAV cells can adversely impact vegetation health after years of STA operation. Despite selected enhancements, such as the creation of vegetation strips to buffer wind action, substantial declines in SAV have been observed in several STA cells over the years. A better understanding is needed of the individual factors (e.g. SAV biology, water chemistry, soil chemistry, soil physical characteristics, herbivory), and interactions among factors, that influence SAV species distribution, persistence, and colonization/recovery in STAs. Additionally, effects of historical operational conditions (e.g., water depth, flow) on SAV health will be assessed. The study will also include a literature search to investigate the effects of chemicals produced by Chara sp. that may inhibit growth of other SAV species.
The study includes two phases:
- Phase I – Review of literature, historical SAV data analyses, develop/improve methods for Phase II including detailed study plan development based on Phase I findings.
- Phase II – Development of a detailed study plan, including experimental design and study methods.
Activities Completed and Current Status
Phase I was completed in 2018. SAV survey datasets between 2000 and 2018 were compiled using consistent formatting, and key data gaps were identified. Literature and historical data of selected STA flow-ways were reviewed. Field monitoring methods were evaluated and optimized. The draft detailed study plan for Phase II was developed and is currently under review.
Literature Review and Data Analysis Findings
Major factors that could influence the resilience of SAV in STAs were identified as: phosphorus and nitrogen loading, turbidity, calcium concentrations, water depth, sediment accretion, dry down/reflood events, wind/wave disturbance events, herbivory and physiological senescence. Ceratophyllum thrives under high P loading rates, whereas, Chara prefers low P loading rates. Najas prefers deeper (up to 1.2 m) waters, whereas Chara thrives under moderate to shallow water depths.
Historical SAV survey analyses confirmed that the SAV standing crop biomass and tissue P content decreases with distance in an STA flow-way.
Floating aquatic vegetation (FAV) encroachment into SAV areas, followed by herbicide treatment of FAV biomass, likely accounts for the limited SAV densities and the declines in P removal performance that have been observed in Cells 4N & 4S of STA-1E.
Random environmental events (e.g., high flows, drawdown or cold temperatures) can change FAV community distribution.
A platinum-based oxidation-reduction probe prototype was developed and tested to measure sediment redox potential in the field.
Evaluation of Factors Contributing to the Formation of Floating Tussocks in the Stormwater Treatment Areas
The objective of this study is to determine the key factors that cause the formation of floating cattail plants and tussocks in the Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs).
The study is being conducted in two phases, with a stop/go decision at the end of Phase I. The knowledge and data gaps are currently addressed in Phase I along with the list of questions through a literature review and an analysis of the period of record STA research. This information should result in a set of significant factors to be investigated in Phase II.
Phase I includes four tasks:
- Literature search and review: A preliminary review of previous research and existing information on floating tussocks, causal factors and management strategies will be conducted and summarized.
- Assessment of floating tussock coverage in STA emergent aquatic vegetation (EAV) cells: A comprehensive spatial survey (ground and aerial) assessment of each STA EAV cell will be conducted to determine the current coverage and extent of floating cattails and floating tussocks. Affected areas will be mapped and the approximate coverage and type of floating mat or tussock (based on vegetative community) will be determined.
- Data mining: This task will evaluate operational ranges, including hydrologic conditions and patterns in selected affected areas, based on findings from Task 2. Available data (vegetation, sediment, water quality, stage and flow) will be examined to determine if there are patterns or commonalities among affected areas.
- Evaluation of findings/report: Findings from all previous tasks will be summarized and a comprehensive report indicating recommendations (stop/go) for further evaluation and the development of Phase II will be prepared. Phase II will entail the development of an in-depth study plan, including experimental design and study methods.
Activities Completed and Current Status
Phase I is currently in progress.
Investigation of the Effects of Abundant Faunal Species on Phosphorus Cycling in the Everglades Stormwater Treatment Areas
The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of aquatic fauna (fish and large invertebrates such as crayfish) in phosphorus (P) cycling within Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs) and the potential of aquatic fauna to affect P reduction in STA surface waters and develop management recommendations for aquatic fauna to improve STA treatment performance.
The study includes three phases:
- Phase I – Estimate standing stock biomass of fish and aquatic invertebrates (STA-2) and aquatic faunal community compositional data (STAs 1E, 1W and 3/4); analyze P and nitrogen (N) storage in tissues of individuals of abundant fishes (STA-2).
- Phase II – Estimate P excretion rates of selected abundant fishes to estimate contribution to STA P budgets. Experimentally evaluate benthic (sediment foraging) fish species to determine their effect on water column nutrient concentrations through bioturbation (i.e. aquatic faunal activities leading to mixing of the substratum, including particle disturbance, ingestion and defecation).
- Phase III – Use biomass and excretion estimates to calculate areal (per ha) P excretion by the entire aquatic faunal assemblage in STA-2 (i.e. rates of P released to the water column via excretion, μg P/ha/ h).
Activities Completed and Current Status
- Phase I is currently in progress (June 2016 to May 2019)
- Phase II is currently in progress (April 2017 to May 2019)
- Phase III will be completed after all Phase I and II data have been analyzed (estimated completion date: August 2019)
Preliminary study results from STA-2 indicate that the STAs support a high biomass of aquatic fishes and macroinvertebrates (i.e., an average total of 127,232 kg of small-bodied fishes and 53,333 kg of macroinvertebrates in STA-2 cells 3, 4, 5 and 6 during 2018). By comparison, the biomass per unit area was approximately 2-15 times more than in other Everglades regions.
Ten of the most abundant fish species stored 1,065 kg of P and 3,733 kg of N within their body tissues, and excreted >0.626 kg of P per hour and >3.897 kg of N per hour. These calculations support the hypothesis that storage and excretion by fishes are important processes of P and N cycles within STA habitats. Future research will focus on refining the current estimates and incorporating the effects of fish into nutrient budgets for the STAs.
Reports and Publications
- Evans, N., J. Trexler, M. Cook, 2018. The Effects of Faunal Communities on Water Quality in the Everglades Stormwater Treatment Areas. In: Appendix 5C-3: Evaluation of Phosphorus Sources, Forms, Flux, and Transformation Processes in the Stormwater Treatment Areas, O. Villapando and J. King (eds). 2018 South Florida Environmental Report – Volume I, South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL.
Evaluation of the Influence of Canal Conveyance Features on Stormwater Treatment Area and Flow Equalization Basin Inflow and Outflow Phosphorus Concentrations
Determine if phosphorus (P) concentrations change when water is conveyed through Stormwater Treatment Area (STA) and Flow Equalization Basin (FEB) inflow or outflow canals and evaluate factors that could influence these changes.
The study includes two phases:
- Phase I – Review and analyze existing flow, stage and water quality data.
- Phase II – Investigate canal sediment characteristics (e.g. sediment thickness probing, sediment core sampling, and sediment chemical and physical composition) and canal cross section surveys, if needed.
Activities Completed and Current Status
This project was completed in 2017.
Phase I evaluation included six STA canals: STA-1 Inflow Basin Canal, STA-1 West (STA-1W) Discharge Canal, STA-2 Supply/Inflow Canal, STA-2 Discharge Canal, STA-3/4 Supply/Inflow Canal and STA-1 East (STA-1E) Discharge Canal. Total P (TP), soluble reactive phosphorus, particulate phosphorus (PP), dissolved organic phosphorus, chloride and total suspended solids were evaluated for each canal. Phase II field characterization of the STA-2 Supply/Inflow Canal was completed in February 2017. Construction of the first two FEBs – A-1 FEB and L-8 FEB – was completed in 2015 and 2017, respectively. Subsequent operational monitoring and testing were ongoing through 2017, therefore the associated canals could not be evaluated in this current study. Given a few years of operation, these FEB associated canals could be evaluated if needed.
The STA-1 Inflow Basin Canal was a source of TP during peak flows, primarily in the form of PP. With the implementation of an upstream Flow Equalization Basin (L-8 FEB), these peak flows are expected to decrease, reducing the potential for sediment transport/resuspension. After the L-8 FEB has been operational for at least three years, this canal should be re-evaluated to determine if TP export is still a concern.
The STA-1W Discharge Canal was a sink for TP, with much of the P being deposited as PP. Upon completion of STA-1W expansion construction, the STA-1W Discharge Canal will no longer serve as the discharge canal for the STA. Therefore, no further evaluation is recommended.
The STA-2 Supply/Inflow Canal could be a source or a sink for TP, depending on the source of flow. When S-6 flows dominated, the canal behaved as a sink. When G-337/G-328 flows dominated, the canal behaved as a source. A field survey indicated sediment buildup in the canal bottom and notable erosion from canal side-slope areas. Future surveys (e.g. every three to five years) are recommended.
The STA-2 Discharge Canal was neither a sink nor source of TP, while the STA-3/4 Supply/Inflow Canal was a TP and PP sink. No further evaluation is recommended on these canals. A review of the data for the STA-1E Discharge Canal indicated that TP concentrations did not increase in the canal; no further evaluation is recommended.
Reports and Publications
- Zhao, H. T. Piccone and S. Hill. 2016. STA-1 Inflow Basin Canal Final Report. Technical Report WR-2015-004. South Florida Water Management District. West Palm Beach, FL.
- Zhao, H. T., O. Diaz and T. Piccone. 2017. Stormwater Treatment Area 1 West Discharge Canal Evaluation Report Technical Report WR-2017-005. South Florida Water Management District. West Palm Beach, FL.
- Zhao, H. T., T. Piccone and O. Diaz. 2015. Supporting Information for Canal Evaluations Technical Report WR-2015-003. South Florida Water Management District. West Palm Beach, FL.
Development of Operational Guidance for Flow Equalization Basins and Stormwater Treatment Area Regional Operation Plans
Develop tools and methods to support operational guidance and regional operation plans to optimize Flow Equalization Basins (FEBs) and Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs) to achieve the Water Quality Based Effluent Limits for Total Phosphorus (TP).
The study includes three tasks:
- Evaluate relevant information on STAs and conduct field tests to evaluate hydraulics and water quality.
- Define values for model equations needed to simulate hydraulics, hydrology and operational control of STAs.
- Develop local (STAs/FEBs) and regional operating strategies and rules and application of system optimization tools.
Activities Completed and Current Status
The study was completed in 2017.
Field measurements of waves propagated by inflow discharges to STA-3/4 Cell 3A were evaluated in relation to low, medium and high flow rates and water depth. Wave speeds and heights along flow paths were used to calculate vegetation resistance to flow. Maps of flow and resistance were created using the equations that described resistance at different flow rates. A total variation diminishing Lax-Friedrichs (TVDLF) method was used in a simple model to simulate flow-through hydraulic gradients of STA flow-ways based on real-time water elevation observations and flows. An inverse model (iModel) for Restoration Strategy Operational Protocol (RSOP) was developed to optimize flow rates along the Central Flow Path for proper flow attenuation and treatment with and without the FEB.
Field tests improved water depth estimates and residence times in real-world applications leading to improved accuracy of physically based models of the STAs. The patterns of resistance produced from these applications reflected the general patterns of the vegetation distribution. The applications represented vegetation resistance, topography effects, resistance due to blockages, short-circuiting and turbulent behaviors. This information can assist project planning and design. The values in the model equations can determine if the flow behaves like porous-media flow or short-circuiting stream flow. The simple TVDLF method can forecast seven-day predictions of water depths under multiple management scenarios/flow regimes. At present this tool assists the management of the western flow-way of STA-3/4.
The iModel-RSOP was applied to four alternative scenarios of different FEB and Lake Okeechobee water delivery configurations. By rearranging flow to optimize TP removal, the iModel predicted lower TP concentration in discharge for all the scenarios compared to observed values. While the iModel results are encouraging, many difficulties were encountered to provide an accurate statistical prediction of TP concentration suggesting room for improvement.
Reports and Publications
- Ali, A. 2015. Multi-objective operations of multi-wetland ecosystem: iModel applied to the Everglades restoration. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 141(9).
- Ali, A. 2018. Appendix 5C-1 iModel for Restoration Strategy Operational Protocol Development. In: 2018 South Florida Environmental Report – Volume I, South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL.
- Lal, A. M. W. 2017. Mapping Vegetation-Resistance Parameters in Wetlands Using Generated Waves. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 143(9).
- Lal, A.M., M.Z. Moustafa and W. Wilcox, 2015. The use of discharge perturbations to understand in-situ vegetation resistance in wetlands. Water Resources Research 51:2477-2497; doi: 10.1002/2014WR015472.
Investigation of STA-3/4 Periphyton-based Stormwater Treatment Area Performance, Design and Operational Factors
Investigate performance, design elements, operation and biogeochemical characteristics that have enabled the 100-acre PSTA Cell to achieve ultra-low outflow total phosphorus (TP) concentrations.
This study includes monitoring and surveys within the cell, as well as mesocosm and microcosm experiments that supplement these studies. Continuous TP measurements at inflow and outflow locations of the cell were also conducted.
Activities Completed and Current Status
The study was completed in 2018.
Inflow and outflow concentrations of TP and flows into and out of the cell were monitored continuously. Grab surface water samples taken at the structures were analyzed for various P species. Other data measured periodically within the PSTA Cell included conductivity, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a, turbidity, water depth, light and ion concentrations. Effects of pulse flows, season, time of day, water depth, inflow P concentration, flow rate and seepage on cell performance were evaluated. Enzyme assays were also conducted to evaluate the role of microbial activity. Sediment accrual and vegetation nutrient contents were also analyzed. Reports and manuscripts have been completed. Final analyses will be reported in the 2019 South Florida Environmental Report.
The PSTA Cell achieved annual outflow flow-weighted mean TP concentrations ranging from 8 to 13 µg/L for the period of record (2008 to 2017). Pulse flow events and associated higher P loads had no adverse effect on treatment performance. Outflow TP concentrations were not affected by two different operational water depths (average of 0.39 m and 0.55 m) or the time of day. Generally, lower outflow TP concentrations were observed during the wet season. The optimal inflow TP concentrations to the PSTA Cell is 22 µg/L or less, which achieved outflow concentration of 13 µg/L or lower. Lateral seepage through the levee between the Lower Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) Cell and the PSTA Cell was the major source of seepage. The accumulated sediment in the cell is low in P and chemically stable, resulting in sustained P removal performance.
Reports and Publications
- James, R.T. 2015. Evaluation of Remote Phosphorus Analyzer Measurements and Hydrologic Conditions of the STA-3/4 Periphyton-based Stormwater Treatment Area. Technical Publication WR-2015-002. South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL.
- James, R.T. 2017. Analysis of Effects of Sustained Moderate Flow at the STA-3/4 Periphyton-based Stormwater Treatment Area. Technical Publication WR-2017-003. South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL.
- Zamorano, M. F. 2015. Effects of Pulse Flow Events on the STA-3/4 PSTA Cell's Phosphorus Treatment Performance. Technical Publication WR-2015-007. South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL.
- Zamorano, M. F. 2017. Influence of Seepage on the STA-3/4 PSTA Cell's Treatment Performance. Technical Publication WR-2017-004. South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, Florida.
- Zamorano, M. F., Grace, K., DeBusk, T., Piccone, T., Chimney, M., James, R. T., Zhao H., and Polatel, C. 2018. Appendix 5C-2: Investigation of Stormwater Treatment Area-3/4 Periphyton-based Stormwater Treatment Area Performance, Design, and Operational Factors. In: 2018 South Florida Environmental Report – Volume I, South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL.
- Zamorano, M., Piccone, T. and Chimney, M.J. 2018. Effects of short-duration hydraulic pulses on the treatment performance of a periphyton-based treatment wetland. ecological engineering 111(1): 69-77.
- Zhao, H., T. Piccone, and M. Zamorano. 2015. STA-3/4 Periphyton-based Stormwater Treatment Area (PSTA) Cell Water and Total Phosphorus Budget Analyses. Technical Publication WR-2015-001. South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL.
Evaluation of Sampling Methods for Total Phosphorus
Determine if current sampling and monitoring techniques accurately measure total phosphorus (TP) concentrations, and if not, evaluate factors that influence results.
Activities Completed and Current Status
The study was completed in 2017.
Various sampling methods were evaluated. Cameras were used to observe physical and biological disturbances that could affect sample quality. Methods were compared based on analytical results and sampling efficiency. Sample sets using different methods, including, Grab sampling, flow-proportional composite autosamplers (ACF) and discrete autosamplers based on time (ADT), were collected. These sets were compared with measurements from a remote phosphorus analyzer (RPA) deployed within the Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs). Additionally, water quality sondes were deployed to measure conductivity, pH and turbidity.
Data comparisons suggest that Grab and ADT collection methods are more reliable than ACF methods. Under some conditions, the ACF method may be biased and not meet the completeness (percent of acceptable samples collected based on planned number of samples to be collected) target of 90%. Completeness estimates differ, depending on whether they are based on time coverage and/or flow representation. Reverse, low or poorly defined flows interfere with ACF sampling and can lead to non-representative samples, particularly at sites with small water level differences from up to downstream. Data from the RPA method indicated a mid-day peak in TP concentrations.
Infrastructure and levees can function as habitat for wildlife and could be potential sources of TP. Some animals such as anhingas and turtles were observed interfering directly with sampling systems. Masses of submerged aquatic vegetation were also observed to accumulate often at the sample intake screens, but the influence of these events on TP results was not clear.
It is recommended that flow proportionality of autosamplers and comparison of ACF versus ADT at multiple locations be further investigated. The use of ACF method at structures with small water level differences from up to downstream should be discouraged. Evaluating the completeness of collection should be based on the amount of flow represented, rather than time. Also, methods for limiting wildlife impacts on surface water sampling should be studied further.
- Rawlik, Peter 2017 Results from Project REST Remote Environmental Sampling Test. Technical Report WR-2017-002. South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL.
Investigation of Rooted Floating Aquatic Vegetation in Stormwater Treatment Areas
Determine if rooted floating aquatic vegetation (rFAV) enhance low-level phosphorus (P) removal in back-end submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) communities of Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs).
The study includes two phases:
- Phase I – Evaluate P in the water column of rFAV and SAV patches to determine if differences exist.
- Phase II – Determine if Phase I findings are consistent among the STAs. Examine the mechanisms that account for the differences between patches.
Activities Completed and Current Status
The study was completed in 2018.
Phase I included water chemistry measurements to examine spatial within patch variability and temporal differences between rFAV and SAV patches. Expanded temporal sampling of additional patches was conducted to verify findings from primary patches. Measurements of soil characteristics and porewater from all patches, and sonde measurements, were conducted to determine factors that could explain patch differences.
Water column P concentrations are different between rFAV and SAV areas for two of the three species evaluated. Water column P concentrations in white water lily and American lotus patches were higher than their corresponding SAV patch, while water column P concentrations in a spatterdock patch were not different from SAV patch. Soils in white water lily patches were lower in bulk density, higher in organic content and lower in calcium content compared to its paired SAV patch. This low bulk density soil may be prone to resuspension and could be contributing to the higher particulate P concentrations in the water column. Dissolved oxygen and pH measurements indicate greater aquatic metabolism in the SAV patch relative to the rFAV patch. Greater aquatic metabolism results from increased photosynthetic rate in the water column, which leads to higher pH during the daylight hours. This higher pH may enhance co-precipitation of P with calcium resulting in more P removal. The soil from American lotus patches has a higher organic content than SAV patches but were similar otherwise.
Reports and Publications
- Powers, M. 2018. Role of Rooted Floating Aquatic Vegetation, in 2018 South Florida Environmental Report – Volume I Chapter 5C: Restoration Strategies Science Plan Implementation (D. Ivanov, T. Piccone, T. James, and J. McBryan Eds.). South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL.


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All Eyes on Greece: Post-Bailout looms over Tsipras
Pressures both at home and overseas hound the Greek Prime Minister as the post-bailout days come closer. The country has been under 8-years worth of a European bailout programme and is now seeing it come to a close. But a Greece after these economic measures remains shrouded in mystery and uncertainty for many.
Domestically speaking, the end of the bailout coincides with the first national elections since the bail programmes began. The Greek economy is on a tightrope between capitalising on rapid momentum, or sluggish remaining quarters.
"There is quite a bit of catch-up momentum, but there is also a fundamental reason underpinning it. An improving Greek economy means stocks listed here will perform better, be they banks or energy." – Bloomberg
Greece – Catchup Momentum?
According to Bloomberg, Greek bonds performed strongly due to the optimism surrounding an end to Bail-out guidelines. The country's ASE Index has gained speed, increasing by 1.51%, hitting 824 compared to 671 last year. Political instability blights Tsipras' thin majority and threatens longer-term economic strength, especially amongst investors.
Tsipras' rivals consist of the emerging party called 'New Democracy' which is cutting at the former's majority. New Democracy is pushing for a move from austerity to pro-business legislation and economic reforms.
Tensions are also emerging as Athens blocks talks between NATO, the UN and Macedonia. The latter of which seeks to join NATO against the territorial arguments of Greece, despite western desire to curtail Russian encroachement.
Any push by Tsipras for a 'clean bailout exit' has the potential to end badly for Greece. Culminating in an economic recovery that stops before it even begins, according to experts."The government has made the big mistake of playing the 'clean exit' card too early, despite the lack of a plan for Greece's economy in the post-bailout period."


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With over 20 years of experience in the healthcare sector, Rob began his career as a Registered Nurse and Paramedic working in various specialties. After success at a startup ambulance company, Rob found his passion in healthcare financing and compliance management. He formed EMS Billing Specialists, an industry consulting and billing firm where he helped increase clients' revenues from 18 to 24 percent. Since then, he's served as an appointed faculty member of the College of Nursing at the Medical University of South Carolina, and continues to work to leverage Mobile Integrated Healthcare (MIH) platforms to increase revenue and decrease expenses for clients.
With over 30 years of senior executive level experience in technology, product development, and business leadership within the healthcare SaaS space, Don's expertise delivers superior results when confronting complex problems. As an innovative growth architect, Don has repeatedly and successfully transformed cultures, processes, and organizations in complex environments and ensured technology and products aligned to overall business strategies. Don has served as Division Vice President & GM at Mediware Information Systems, a healthcare solutions provider focused on managing patient care information across various segments of the care continuum. He also served as President of CDMS, Inc., a software provider that combines document management, business process management, online forms, reporting and system management all in a single scalable application.
Ray has over 30 years of experience in solutions architecture, database management and system design, software/application development, enterprise application implementations, data warehousing, and business intelligence solutions. Having worked across many technical and functional business areas for the US Air Force, Oracle, Fidelity Investments, Borland, Dell, Deutsche Bank, and most recently at Sense Corp, he supplies a wealth of experience in data-centric application development. Ray is known for his cutting edge designs, solutions, problem-solving abilities and leadership excellence. Ray attended the University of Texas at San Antonio and Texas Lutheran, and also served as a decorated member of the USAF.
Breaux brings 30 years of experience as an executive in private and public health care providers, with a focus on strategy development, acquisition planning, industrial marketing, corporate restructurings, enhancing shareholder value and organizational development growth. He has also held a Director role with Ionis Pharmaceuticals, served as Senior Advisor to Chicago-based Private Equity firm McNally Capital LLC, and led the Caremark Physician Resources Division as President. A Yale graduate, he has published articles on management issues in business and technical journals, including the Harvard Business Review, and has presented numerous papers and presentations to industry groups in agribusiness, banking, energy and healthcare.