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London. Embattled business tycoon Dr. Vijay Mallya cooperated fully with the Extradition hearing at a court in the city, it is learnt by Faking News. He agreed to be sent back to India on one condition, the media around the court has gathered the inside information: He will fly only in a Kingfisher flight to India.
"This is our chief's master stroke to airlift Kingfisher aircraft again. The world of flying is not safe anymore, what with United Airlines and Air India coming up with new rules about deplaning and boarding and all. With Kingfisher Airlines, our chief feels completely safe. Just imagine the headlines in Indian News channels about Dr. Mallya brought back to India in a chartered Kingfisher Aircraft! Will be the most dramatic announcement of the decade," a close confidante of the flamboyant businessman told Faking News.
"I am not an absconder. Any time you want to see me, just visit my home in London. On this entire extradition thing, just want to say one thing to all the hyper-active media in India: I will fly back to India. I will board my own Kingfisher chartered Aircraft and land in Goa. If you still need more juicy news-bit, No, I am not going to Kingfisher Villa there though Sachin Joshi is a close friend," Dr. Mallya was quoted as saying in a series of tweets.
"When the court asked how we are planning to airlift a Kingfisher plane again, we have presented a complete road-map as well as an air-map detailing series of new loans from the Indian public sector banks. The air-map focuses on the specific areas of how to make money out of thin air. Learning this, the court has scheduled the next hearing on 17th of May, 2027. It came out wrongly as 2017 in the news," the close confidante further added.
Meanwhile, a few political parties in India formed a special committee withing the party lines to handle the complex diplomatic circumstances. The committee to make appropriate comments on the extradition hearing and all the associate development, it is now learnt by Faking News.


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Renowned oceanographer, Dr. Tom Durrant, joined MetOcean Solutions in March 2015.
He has assumed the role of expert wave modeller, providing strategic leadership for innovation and development in global and regional-scale marine forecasting and hindcasting.
MetOcean Solutions, together with partner MetraWeather, are Australasia's foremost providers of oceanographic and meteorological guidance to the offshore industry. The two companies will be exhibiting at APPEA 2015 on the New Zealand Pavilion, Stand 260.
Dr. Durrant has highly specialised expertise in the physical processes, numerical modeling and observation of the marine environment. He previously worked at the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, where he led the development of operational wave forecasting systems. These included systems based on both dynamical modelling and statistical downscaling techniques, with a focus on the practical application of the guidance.
He has extensive experience in the development and implementation of operational systems and the production of long-term wave hindcasts at a range of scales. He is experienced with the use and availability of in-situ and remotely sensed marine observations, and their application for both the verification and improvement of forecasting tools.
He has expert knowledge of the WAVEWATCH III™ spectral wave model, and maintains an active involvement with the WAVEWATCH III™ development community.
He also has experience in the production of long-term wave hindcasts and the analysis of current and future wave climate.
"The offshore oil and gas industry operates in a harsh and remote environment. Accurate marine forecasts are required in order to maintain safe, economical and environmentally responsible operations," says Dr. Durrant.
"My research will focus on improvements in the representation of the physical processes within the current MetOcean Solutions operational model. In addition to an overall improvement in forecast performance, this research will bring improvements to both swell forecasts and waves under tropical cyclones, both of which are particularly important for offshore operations."
Dr. Durrant holds a PhD in Oceanography from the University of Melbourne and has eight years' professional experience. He currently holds an Adjunct Research Fellow position at Swinburne University of Technology, where his research interests focus on wave model physics and waves generated under tropical cyclones.
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Picking Couch for your Family room
At the point when attempting to find out the most suitable couch size for your home, you ought to likewise take the outline of your family room and the measure of whatever remains of your furniture into thought. There is huge variety available.
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L Shaped Couch
However customers and benefactors have a few alternatives to look over relying upon the foundation and shading settings of their rooms.
Sectional couches that are known as corner couches in the UK in which two bits of the seats are joined at right edges and fit to be put at the corners. Couches are upholstered with either fabrics or significantly calfskin. There is additionally artificial cowhide or leatherette material that is utilized on occasions to enhance the attraction in the couch.


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Family Routines
How to Automate your Housewife Life
Teaching families to simplify daily tasks into a routine that thelps them feel more peace & joy.
Find out more here.
This course can also be bought as a monthly subscription -- learn more here!
Your Instructor
I just knew a perfect house was not within our reach.
BUT, I DID know we could set up systems that could support our family to enjoy the life we did want.
As a busy mom to 3, part time nurse, part time blogger, hoarder of PTO jobs -- I need an organized life.
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What's the Goal?
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Routines Centered Around Eating
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Daily Routines
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text: Hello, I graduated from Northwestern College in Orange City, IA with a degree in Mathematics Teaching. I am currently in my 12th year of teaching. The last 7 years have been at Ellsworth. My wife, Krystal, teaches FACS here at Ellsworth. We have been married 10 years and have 3 kids together with our 4th due to arrive in November. Please keep checking JMC Online Access to monitor student progress.


text:
Fast Facts
The University of Bridgeport is home to a diverse student and faculty body from over 45 states and 80 countries who are united by a shared commitment to career readiness, innovation, and a supportive, challenging learning environment.
Type of Institution:
一道本不卡免费高清Private, four-year
UB's 56-acre campus is located on the scenic Long Island Sound in southwest Connecticut, just an hour from New York City.
Admissions Process:
Students are accepted directly into majors.
Total Costs for the 2018-19 Academic Year:
Tuition and Fees – $30,915.00
Room and Board – $13,320.00
Total Undergraduate Enrollment:
More than 2,930
Financial Aid:
- Priority deadline for completing FAFSA applications is December 1. (UB School Code: 001416)
- Percentage of Students Receiving Financial Aid: 96%
- Average Financial Aid Package: $24,000
- Merit Scholarships range from $8,000 to $22,000 per year and are renewable for four years
Student Population
- Male (40%) / Female (60%)
- Undergraduate (58%) / Graduate (42%)
Enrollment by race/ethnicity:
|Black or African American
|American Indian or Alaska Native
|Two or more races
|Nonresidential alien (international)
According to U.S. News and World Report一道本不卡免费高清, the University of Bridgeport ranks among the U.S.'s top Colleges and Universities in each of the following areas:
- 3rd highest in the region for percentage of international students
- 17th highest in the region for most ethnically diverse student body
- 24th highest in the region for the amount of need-based aid awarded
- 43rd in the region for smallest class sizes (percentage of classes with fewer than 20 students)
一道本不卡免费高清In addition, the "Student Loan Report" ranks the University of Bridgeport the fourth lowest among universities in the state of Connecticut for student loan debt.
"The Best Schools" ranks the University of Bridgeport fourth in the state for "Best Online Colleges."
Clubs and Activities
The University of Bridgeport offers more than 50 active clubs and organizations, including co-ed intramural sports, fraternities and sororities.
The University of Bridgeport is fully accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges. The University also is accredited by the Board of Governors of the Connecticut Department of Higher Education.
Student Life
|Student Clubs and Organizations
|Varsity Sports (NCAA Division II)
|Purple Knight
|School Colors
|Purple and White
- Average incoming GPA for freshman is 3.04
- Average incoming GPA for transfer students is 3.08
Academic Statistics
|Student/Faculty Ratio
|Number of Faculty Members
|Average Class Size
Student Support
- The Academic Resource Center offers tutoring, group study sessions, study-skills workshops, and other valuable services to ensure student success.
- Student Health Services offers high-quality, outpatient ambulatory care for the treatment of acute illness and injuries. It also offers health education, preventive health screening, health promotion programs, and immunizations.
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LiveSafe Emergency and Tip App
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Emergency Broadcast System
The University of Bridgeport has established an Emergency Broadcast System through LiveSafe. LiveSafe will allow the University of Bridgeport to transmit messages to users, informing them of an event that may have a direct impact on health or safety.


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Wide screen television sets were introduced in Europe around 1992. At that time, there were hardly any wide screen broadcasts, so in order to move these new wide TV sets, manufacturers included all kinds of artificial picture scaling technologies into their products, stretching out the image just so that the screen is "filled", and no black bars are visible at the sides of the screen. Of course, even though anyone serious about viewing moving images "the way they are intended" shudders from the idea of sacrifising picture aspect ratio, I can understand that in those early days without any wide screen content available, such technologies were needed just to get the wide screen TV ball rolling.
Then came DVD in early 1997. The first mainstream video format to offer real, anamorphic, wide screen video. The DVD specification cleverly defines that a player must be capable of compressing and letterboxing a wide screen DVD when a traditional 4:3 is connected, while outputting the uncompressed, full frame wide screen image to a wide screen TV. Unfortunately, the type of TV set that is connected to the player needs to be manually selected by the user. Ususally, this setting is burried deep down into the player's setup menu. And since outputting an uncompressed anamorphic image to a traditional TV would result in deeply distorted pictures, but outputting a compressed letterboxed image to a widescreen TV does no harm to the aspect ratio, all manufacturer's decided to set the player to "4:3 TV" by default.
And here lies the current problem. In Europe, the majority of consumers own some sort of wide screen TV (either a traditional CRT, or a flat screen), and almost all of them have their set connected to a DVD player. However, most consumers are unable to set their DVD players output to "16:9 TV", and most are even completely unaware of the possibility to change this setting. This means that these consumers are wachting DVDs on their wide screen TV in a letterboxed format, which is usually "zoomed" into by the TV filling up the entire screen, resulting in an image resolution approximately 33% less than what could be. Again, this is a shame. However, at least the image aspect ration keeps to be correct. As there is no standardized why by which a TV could identity itself as either a 4:3 or a wide screen TV to a player (at least when not connected via the new digital HDMI connector), the player can not act accordingly by itself. Some players force the user to go trough an initial setup wizard upon first connection, which is the best way to solve this problem and make the consumer set the correct options.
These days, there is a growing number of video equipment that can be set to either wide screen or 4:3. Think of modern video consoles (like the Nintendo Wii). Again: consumers owning such a device but who didn't select the appropriate settings, are missing out on a significant amount of picture quality.
But things get really ugly when you consider this. Sometimes, I stumble upon people who own a playback device like a digital set top box, which has been set to 4:3 (hence outputting a compressed, letterbox image with black bars at the top and bottom of the screen), while their TV has been set to an anamorphic full picture. On most TVs, this setting is called "wide" or "wide screen", so I understand the confusion. After all, the consumer thinks that this is the optimal setting for their wide screen TV. The result is a letterboxed image that is stretched from side to side, including the black bars. So this not only completely distroys the image aspect ratio (with images looking extremely wide and "fat"), but also sacrifices a lot of screen real estate by wasting it with black bars. And please note: This is not a hypothetical story. I see this kind of set up more often that you can imagine.
The question is: Can the consumer be blamed? Of course he can't. Things like picture aspect ratio are relatively new, and were completely unheard of in the 40 years of television that preceeded the introduction of wide screen TVs. People are simply not used to having to make these settings, and old habits die hard. We can only hope that eventually this problem fades away, by the introduction of more flat screens with HDMI connectors, and more set top boxes, DVD players and game consoles offering this type of connection. As after all, HDMI is able to determine the screens aspect ratio. But given the life time of consumer electronics for a lot of consumers, it might take a decade or more before it has replaced the complete installed base of analogue connectors.
That's about video. Now, let's leave the discussion about how a consumer should figure out the difference between Dolby Pro-logic, Dolby Pro-logic II, Dolby Digital, Dolby Digital Plus, Dolby TrueHD, DTS, DTS HD, DTS Master Audio and PCM for another time.


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Mycobacterium tuberculosis can persist in macrophage phagosomes that acidify to a pH of ∼4.5 after activation of the macrophage with gamma interferon. How the bacterium resists the low pH of the acidified phagosome is incompletely understood. A screen of 10,100 M. tuberculosis transposon mutants for mutants hypersensitive to pH 4.5 led to the discovery of 21 genes whose disruption attenuated survival of M. tuberculosis at a low pH (41). Here, we show that acid-sensitive M. tuberculosis mutants with transposon insertions in Rv2136c, Rv2224c, ponA2, and lysX were hypersensitive to antibiotics, sodium dodecyl sulfate, heat shock, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates, indicating that acid resistance can be associated with protection against other forms of stress. The Rv2136c mutant was impaired in intrabacterial pH homeostasis and unable to maintain a neutral intrabacterial pH in activated macrophages. The Rv2136c, Rv2224c, and ponA2 mutants were attenuated in mice, with the Rv2136c mutant displaying the most severe level of attenuation. Pathways utilized by M. tuberculosis for acid resistance and intrabacterial pH maintenance are potential targets for chemotherapy.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen that encounters acidic environments during the course of infection. M. tuberculosis is able to arrest fusion of phagosomes with acidic lysosomes so that they reside in a mildly acidic compartment with a pH of ∼6.2 in nonactivated macrophages (1, 26, 38). After activation of macrophages with gamma interferon (IFN-γ), phagosomes fuse with lysosomes, and the M. tuberculosis bacterium-containing compartment acidifies to a pH of ∼4.5 (26, 35, 36, 42). M. tuberculosis is able to maintain its intrabacterial pH (pHIB) and survive in activated macrophages and thus possesses resistance against the acidity of the phagolysosome (41).
Mechanisms of survival at a low pH have been extensively explored in many enteric pathogens, which must resist the harsh acidity of the stomach (pHs 2 to 3) in order to establish infection (16, 27). Exposure of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica to mildly acidic conditions protects the bacteria against a more extreme acid challenge. Induction of this acid tolerance response is believed to be important for virulence. In comparison, little is known about acid resistance in M. tuberculosis, and its role in virulence needs to be better understood. An M. tuberculosis mutant lacking OmpAtb, a pH-dependent porin (29), was sensitive to low pH in vitro and attenuated in macrophages and in mice (31). M. tuberculosis requires MgtC, a putative magnesium transporter, for growth at an acidic pH when magnesium concentrations are limited (4). This suggests that import of magnesium may be required at low pH; however, it has been shown that Salmonella's MgtC does not function as an Mg2+ transporter (20), and the transport function of M. tuberculosis's MgtC remains to be examined. The M. tuberculosis mgtC mutant is attenuated in macrophages and mice (4). These reports suggest that resistance to low pH is required for virulence; however, the mutants may also be sensitive to other components of the host immune response, and this may contribute to their attenuation in vivo.
Recently, we identified 21 M. tuberculosis transposon mutants that are hypersensitive to pH 4.5 (41). These mutants were attenuated in acidified 7H9 growth medium containing Tween 80. When Tween 80 was replaced with the detergent tyloxapol, only 5 of the 21 mutants retained sensitivity to acid. It is possible either that Tween 80 increased the permeability of the M. tuberculosis cell envelope to protons or that oleic acid, which can be hydrolyzed from Tween 80, became mycobactericidal at low pH. The five M. tuberculosis mutants that were hypersensitive to pH 4.5 in 7H9 medium irrespective of the detergent utilized contained transposon insertions in the genes Rv3671c, Rv2136c, Rv2224c, ponA2, and lysX (41). Only two of the 21 acid-sensitive mutants, the Rv3671c and Rv2136c mutants, were hypersensitive to acidified phosphate-citrate buffer (pH 4.5). All five mutants grew normally in vitro in 7H9 growth medium at pH 6.6 (41). The Rv3671c mutant was unable to maintain a neutral pHIB in vitro and in activated macrophages and was attenuated in vivo, whereas the lysX mutant was able to maintain its pHIB and was fully virulent (41). Here, we characterize the Rv2136c, Rv2224c, ponA2, and lysX acid-sensitive mutants for additional defects in vitro and assess the virulence of the Rv2136c, Rv2224c, and ponA2 mutants in mice.
Strains and media.M. tuberculosis transposon mutants were isolated in a screen for acid-sensitive mutants described previously (41). M. tuberculosis strains were grown at 37°C in a humidified incubator with 5% CO2 in Middlebrook 7H9 medium (Difco) containing 0.2% glycerol, 0.5% bovine serum albumin, 0.2% dextrose, 0.085% NaCl, and 0.05% Tween 80 or in Middlebrook 7H10 medium or 7H11 agar (Difco) containing 10% oleic acid-albumin-dextrose-catalase (Becton Dickinson). The Rv2224c mutant showed slightly reduced growth on 7H11 agar and was cultured on 7H10 medium.
Antibiotic susceptibility assays.M. tuberculosis strains were grown to early log phase and diluted to an optical density at 580 nm of 0.01 in enriched 7H9 medium containing Tween 80. Bacteria were then exposed to twofold dilutions of erythromycin, rifampin, chloramphenicol, ethambutol, isoniazid, and streptomycin (Sigma-Aldrich). The MIC was recorded as the minimum concentration at which no growth was observed after 2 to 3 weeks.
Measurement of sensitivity to SDS.M. tuberculosis strains were grown to early log phase, a 10-fold dilution series was made from optical densities at 580 nm of 0.01 to 0.0001, and 5 μl was spotted onto 7H10 or 7H11 agar plates containing 10% oleic acid-albumin-dextrose-catalase with or without 0.01% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).
Measurement of sensitivity to heat, lysozyme, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide.Early-log-phase cultures were centrifuged at 3,000 × g for 8 min and washed with enriched 7H9 medium containing 0.02% tyloxapol at a pH of 7.0. They were then centrifuged at 120 × g for 10 min to remove clumps. Single-cell suspensions were adjusted to ∼5 × 106 CFU/ml in enriched 7H9 medium containing 0.02% tyloxapol at a pH of 7.0. The bacteria were incubated at 45°C for 24 h to measure sensitivity to heat, at 37°C for 2 h with 2,500 μg/ml lysozyme, or at 37°C for 2 or 4 h with 5 mM H2O2 (Sigma-Aldrich). To measure sensitivity to nitric oxide, the bacteria were incubated at 37°C with diethylenetriamine NONOate (DETA-NO) (Cayman Chemicals) for 3 days. DETA-NO (200 μM) was added every 24 h on days 0, 1, and 2. Numbers of CFU were determined by plating serial dilutions onto 7H10 or 7H11 agar plates. Percent survival was calculated by dividing the number of output CFU by the mean number of input CFU and then multiplying by 100.
Complementation.Rv2224c including the 300-bp region upstream of the start codon was cloned on an integrative vector conferring streptomycin resistance. The Rv2224c mutant was transformed by electroporation, and transformants were selected with 20 μg/ml streptomycin.
pHIB measurements.Measurements were performed as previously described (41). Ratiometric pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein (GFP) (28) was cloned downstream of the mycobacterial promoter Psmyc and transformed into M. tuberculosis strains. Bone marrow-derived mouse macrophages (BMDMs) from 8- to 10-week-old C57BL/6 mice were differentiated in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium (GibcoBRL) supplemented with 20% l-cell conditioned medium, 10% fetal bovine serum, 0.58 g/liter l-glutamine, 1 mM pyruvate, and 10 mM HEPES, providing a nearly pure macrophage population as assessed by morphology and cell surface staining of CD14, F4/80, FcγRII/III, and MHC II molecules, the last one after IFN-γ activation. BMDMs were seeded at 1.5 × 105 cells in glass bottom no. 1.5 thickness poly-d-lysine-coated 35-mm culture dishes (MatTek). BMDMs were infected with single-cell suspensions of M. tuberculosis strains at a multiplicity of infection of 2:1 (2 M. tuberculosis bacteria per 1 macrophage) for 2 h, after which extracellular bacteria were removed by washing the plates twice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). For microscopy, cells were washed twice with PBS and placed in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium without phenol red (GibcoBRL), supplemented with 1% fetal bovine serum, 0.58 g/liter l-glutamine, 1 mM Na-pyruvate, and 10 mM HEPES. Microscopy was performed using a Leica DMIRB inverted fluorescence microscope fitted with a 63× objective, 1.4-numerical-aperture lens and Chroma Technology Corp pH-sensitive GFP filter set (exciters D410/30× and D470/20×, beamsplitter 500dcxr, emitter 535/50m). Image acquisition and analysis were performed using a Photometrics CoolSnap HQ digital camera and MetaMorph v.6.2r6 image analysis software (Universal Imaging Corporation, Downingtown, PA). All images within an experiment were acquired and analyzed under identical conditions. For display in histograms, average bacterial-group (1 to 5 bacteria) ratio intensities were determined. The pHIB was derived by interpolating the 410/470 ratios on a standard curve.
Mouse infections.C57BL/6 8-week-old female mice (Jackson Laboratories) were infected by aerosol using a Middlebrook inhalation exposure system (Glas-Col) and early-log-phase M. tuberculosis cultures as single-cell suspensions in PBS to deliver ∼100 to 200 bacilli per mouse or more where stated. Serial dilutions of organ homogenates from four or five mice per data point were plated onto 7H10 or 7H11 agar plates to quantify CFUs. The upper left lobes of infected lungs were fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Procedures involving mice were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Weill Cornell Medical College.
Statistics.The unpaired, two-tailed t test was used to assess the statistical significance of the comparison of experimental groups using GraphPad Prism software (http://www.graphpad.com).
Sensitivity of mutants to antibiotics, SDS, heat shock, and lysozyme.Figure 1 shows the genomic organization and transposon insertion sites of the acid-sensitive mutants. In the screen, we isolated six independent mutants with transposon insertions in ponA2 and four mutants with transposon insertions in lysX (41). We focused on the mutants with the most N-terminal transposon insertions for phenotypic characterizations. We first examined the acid-sensitive M. tuberculosis mutants for defects associated with their cell wall. A cell wall permeability defect may result in enhanced penetration of protons into the cytosol of these mutants and hence make them susceptible to acid. We used hypersensitivity to lipophilic antibiotics as a measure of a cell wall permeability defect, based on the observation that the Mycobacterium marinum kasB mutant exhibits increased cell wall permeability and also enhanced susceptibility to lipophilic antibiotics (18). Previously, the Rv3671c and lysX mutants were shown to be hypersensitive to lipophilic antibiotics (41). Compared to wild-type M. tuberculosis, the Rv2136c, Rv2224c, and ponA2 mutants were hypersensitive to the lipophilic antibiotics erythromycin (2- to 32-fold-lower MICs) and rifampin (2- to 8-fold-lower MICs) and were either not more sensitive or at most had twofold-lower MICs for the lipophilic antibiotic chloramphenicol and the nonlipophilic antibiotics ethambutol, isoniazid and streptomycin (Table 1). Of the three mutants tested, the Rv2136c mutant was as sensitive to both lipophilic and nonlipophilic antibiotics as an M. tuberculosis erp transposon mutant (Rv3810). Erp is believed to be required for the maintenance of mycobacterial cell wall integrity, and the M. marinum erp mutant is also hypersensitive to lipophilic antibiotics (8, 10).
The Rv2136c and Rv2224c mutants were also hypersensitive to the cell wall-perturbing detergent SDS, whereas the ponA2 and lysX mutants grew like wild-type M. tuberculosis in the presence of SDS (Fig. 2A and B). The Rv2224c mutant also grew more slowly than wild-type M. tuberculosis on 7H11 agar plates in the absence of SDS (Fig. 2B). Complementation of the Rv2224c mutant with a single copy of the Rv2224c wild type restored growth of the mutant on agar (Fig. 2B), sensitivity to SDS (Fig. 2B), and its survival at pH 4.5 (not shown).
The Rv2136c and ponA2 mutants were killed 11-fold and sevenfold more, respectively, than wild-type M. tuberculosis, after exposure to heat (Fig. 3). Sensitivity to heat may be due to an impaired heat shock response or to an aberrant peptidoglycan layer, as E. coli mutants with defects in peptidoglycan biosynthesis have been reported to be thermosensitive (9, 14, 39). Compared to wild-type M. tuberculosis, only the ponA2 mutant was killed sixfold more after exposure to lysozyme, whereas the Rv2136c, Rv2224c, and lysX mutants were not hypersensitive to this enzyme (Fig. 4).
Despite sensitivity to cell wall stresses, none of the mutants displayed an evident cording or colony morphology defect, and individual cells were morphologically similar to wild-type M. tuberculosis when visualized by scanning or transmission electron microscopy (not shown).
Sensitivity of mutants to oxidative and nitrosative stress.Macrophages produce both reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates (ROIs and RNIs, respectively) as defenses against microbial pathogens. RNIs and ROIs become more potent at an acidic pH (22, 37). To examine for increased sensitivity to oxidative and nitrosative stress independently of the acid sensitivity, the mutants were exposed to H2O2 and the nitric oxide donor DETA-NO at a pH of 7. After exposure to H2O2, the Rv2136c, Rv2224c, and ponA2 mutants were killed 19-, 13-, and 11-fold more, respectively, than wild-type M. tuberculosis. The lysX mutant survived at a rate similar to that of wild-type M. tuberculosis in the presence of H2O2 (Fig. 5A). After exposure to DETA-NO, the Rv2136c and Rv2224c mutants were killed eight- and sevenfold more, respectively, than was wild-type M. tuberculosis, whereas the titers of lysX and ponA2 mutants were not significantly lower than that of wild-type M. tuberculosis (Fig. 5B). The complemented Rv2224c mutant also survived at a rate similar to that of wild-type M. tuberculosis after exposure to H2O2 and DETA-NO (Fig. 5C).
Measurement of pHIB.In our previous study, we demonstrated that the Rv3671c and Rv2136c mutants were unable to maintain their pHIB in buffer at pH 4.5, whereas the Rv2224c, lysX, and ponA2 mutants had no marked defect compared to wild-type M. tuberculosis (41). Here, we tested the Rv2136c mutant for its ability to maintain its pHIB in macrophages by transforming the strains with pH-sensitive ratiometric GFP (28). Like the Rv3671c mutant, the Rv2136c mutant was unable to maintain its pHIB in IFN-γ-activated macrophages but displayed no defect in pHIB maintenance in nonactivated macrophages (Fig. 6A and B). In nonactivated macrophages, the majority of both wild-type M. tuberculosis and Rv2136c mutant bacteria had pHIB levels of 6.76 to 7.25 (Fig. 6A). In IFN-γ-activated macrophages, wild-type M. tuberculosis maintained its pHIB between 6.76 and 7.25, whereas 61% of Rv2136c mutant bacteria were at a pHIB of <6.75 (Fig. 6B).
Growth and survival in mice.Finally we measured growth and survival of the mutants in mice after aerosol infection. The Rv2136c mutant was severely attenuated in mouse lungs and spleens compared to wild-type M. tuberculosis (Fig. 7A and B). Growth during the acute phase of infection between days 1 and 21 was severely impaired, and after day 21, the mutant was cleared such that no bacteria were detected in lungs and spleens at day 56 of infection (Fig. 7A and B). The Rv2136c mutant also induced markedly reduced gross pathology in mouse lungs (Fig. 7C). The ponA2 mutant displayed milder attenuation (Fig. 7A, B, and C). At day 56 postinfection, approximately 16- and 10-fold-fewer ponA2 mutant bacteria than wild-type M. tuberculosis bacteria were found in lungs and spleens, respectively. The Rv2224c mutant was also attenuated in mice, but only by threefold in lungs at day 56 and day 150 (Fig. 7D and E). Complementation of the Rv2224c mutant with a single copy of the wild-type allele restored this defect in virulence. The complemented Rv2224c strain grew to higher titers than did wild-type M. tuberculosis; the mechanism that caused increased replication remains to be determined.
M. tuberculosis can reside in phagosomes that fuse with lysosomes and acidify to a pH of 4.5 in activated macrophages (21, 34). Because M. tuberculosis survives in the acidic phagolysosomes of activated macrophage, we sought to identify genes required by M. tuberculosis to resist low pH. In a previous study, we screened 10,100 M. tuberculosis transposon mutants and isolated 21 mutants that were hypersensitive to a pH of 4.5. The majority of these mutants exhibited reduced survival at pH 4.5 in 7H9 medium only in the presence of Tween 80. However, five mutants with transposon insertions in Rv3671c, Rv2136c, lysX, Rv2224c, and ponA2 were attenuated at pH 4.5 in 7H9 growth medium containing either the detergent Tween 80 or tyloxapol. In the present study, we report the further characterization of the Rv2136c, Rv2224c, ponA2, and lysX mutants.
The Rv2136c mutant was highly sensitive to lipophilic antibiotics, displaying the same degree of sensitivity as an M. tuberculosis erp mutant, and was also attenuated after exposure to SDS, heat, H2O2, or DETA-NO. In an earlier report, we observed that this mutant was unable to maintain its pHIB in acid in vitro (41), and here, we show that it is also unable to maintain its pHIB in IFN-γ-activated macrophages. The hypersensitivity of the Rv2136c mutant to low pH, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and a possible cell wall defect may explain its severe attenuation in vivo. The Rv2136c protein is a homolog of Escherichia coli BacA (7). BacA has now been named UppP because it is an undecaprenol pyrophosphate phosphatase (13) and not an undecaprenol kinase as was originally thought (5). Undecaprenol pyrophosphate serves as a lipid carrier and binds to disaccharide-pentapeptide peptidoglycan subunits to form lipid II. The subunits are transported across the lipid bilayer for polymerization into mature peptidoglycan. Undecaprenol pyrophosphate is then dephosphorylated by UppP and recycled for use in the pathway. These steps of peptidoglycan biosynthesis are considered to be attractive drug targets, and lipid II is targeted by at least four classes of natural product antibiotics (3). Deletion of BacA homologs in Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae attenuates the bacteria in the mouse model of infection (6). A Mycobacterium smegmatis mutant deficient in the Rv2136c homolog was also attenuated for virulence in a mouse model of smegma development (33). We were unable to complement the Rv2136c mutant with a single copy of the gene or the putative operon (Rv2133 to Rv2137). Rose et al. (33) were also unable to fully complement all phenotypes of the M. smegmatis Rv2136c mutant, suggesting that optimal expression of the single gene or operon is required for restoration of phenotypes. We confirmed that the Rv2136c mutant contains a single transposon insertion by Southern blotting (not shown), but it is possible that a secondary mutation on the chromosome may be causing the defects we observed. However, it is tempting to speculate that the aforementioned pathways of peptidoglycan biosynthesis are required for resistance to low pH because a Streptococcus mutans strain deficient in an undecaprenol kinase was also sensitive to acid (24, 43).
Flores and colleagues isolated a β-lactam-hypersensitive M. smegmatis mutant in expA, an Rv2224c homolog, that had swollen termini and showed increased sensitivity to lysozyme (15). It was proposed that ExpA is either directly or indirectly involved in cell wall remodeling and may regulate autolysis (15). In M. tuberculosis, Rv2224c protein is detected in the cell envelope (25), and its expression is upregulated during nutrient starvation (2) and in THP-1 macrophage-like cells (12). In the absence of Rv2224c protein, M. tuberculosis elicited lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines from macrophages and exhibited reduced growth in macrophages (32). Rv2224c protein was also shown to be important for M. tuberculosis virulence in mice (25, 32). Although Rv2224c protein is annotated as a putative protease, Lun and Bishai were unable to observe cleavage of protein substrates in vitro and demonstrated that Rv2224c protein possesses esterase activity (25). Rengarajan et al. observed reduced processing of the cell wall heat shock protein GroEL2 in the Rv2224c mutant, but whether GroEL2 is directly processed by Rv2224c protein remains to be examined (32). We found that the Rv2224c mutant was sensitive to antibiotics, SDS, heat, and oxidative and nitrosative stress and confirmed that the mutant is attenuated in vivo. The Rv2224c mutant displayed normal cell morphology by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and was not markedly susceptible to exposure to lysozyme.
PonA2 is predicted to have transglycosylase and transpeptidase activities, and it is believed to be involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis (7). Flores et al. isolated an M. tuberculosis mutant with a transposon insertion in ponA2 that was hypersusceptible to β-lactam antibiotics, suggesting that the mutant has a deficiency in its peptidoglycan layer (15). Mycobacteria have two types of peptide cross-links in their peptidoglycan, the 4→3 (diaminopimelic acid [DAP]-Ala) linkage and the more unusual 3→3 (DAP-DAP) linkage. It has been predicted that PonA2 may be involved in the formation of the 3→3 meso-diaminopimelate linkage (15, 19). The 3→3 linkage may be required during periods of slow growth, such as stationary phase, because the number of these cross bridges increases over 4→3 linkages in slow-growing E. coli and in M. tuberculosis during stationary phase (11, 23, 40). We found that although the M. tuberculosis ponA2 mutant was not markedly sensitive to antibiotics or SDS, it was more sensitive to heat, H2O2, and NO than was wild-type M. tuberculosis and attenuated in mouse lungs and spleens.
M. tuberculosis possesses two genes, lysS and lysX, annotated as lysine tRNA synthetases, LysS and LysX (7). Unlike LysS, LysX contains a predicted N-terminal transmembrane domain. LysX may contribute to peptidoglycan peptide bridge formation, as has been shown for tRNA synthetases of other bacteria (30). Alternatively, a deficiency in lysX may lead to accumulation of lysine and feedback inhibition of the lysine biosynthetic pathway. As diaminopimelate is an intermediate in this pathway and also a key component of M. tuberculosis's peptidoglycan pentapeptide bridge, a blockage in lysine biosynthesis may lead to peptidoglycan defects. Compared to the other mutants studied in this report, the lysX mutant showed only moderately increased sensitivity to SDS, heat, H2O2, and DETA-NO. The lysX mutant was, however, hypersensitive to the lipophilic antibiotics erythromycin and rifampin but was not attenuated in mice (41).
All of the acid-sensitive mutants studied in this report appear to have some defect in the function of their cell wall, as they were sensitive to certain lipophilic antibiotics and SDS. Three of the four mutants were also hypersensitive to oxidative or nitrosative stress at neutral pH. These data indicate that some mechanisms that confer resistance to acid also provide cross protection against other forms of extracellular stress and reinforce the important role of M. tuberculosis's cell wall in protection against diverse stresses. In Salmonella, acid shock induces cross protection against a variety of other stresses, such as heat, oxidative stress, and osmotic stress (17). The Rv2136c mutant was unable to maintain a neutral pHIB in acidic buffer in vitro (41) and in IFN-γ-activated macrophages and was severely attenuated in vivo. The same was observed for the Rv3671c mutant (41), suggesting that the inability to maintain a neutral pHIB is associated with severe attenuation in mice. Phagolysosomal acid synergizes with various components of the host immune response, such as lysosomal hydrolases and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The ponA2, Rv2224c, and Rv2136c mutants may be attenuated during infection because they succumb to the low pH of the phagosome, cell wall damage, and/or nitrosative and oxidative defenses issued by the host. Thus, pathways utilized by Mycobacterium tuberculosis for acid resistance and pHIB homeostasis are attractive chemotherapeutic targets.
This work was funded by I.T. Hirschl Trust (S.E.) and NIH PO1 grant AI056293 (C.F.N.). The Department of Microbiology and Immunology acknowledges the support of the William Randolph Hearst Foundation.
We thank Lynda M. Pierini for assistance with intraphagosomal pHIB measurements, Gero Miesenböck for providing ratiometric pH GFP, and Lee Cohen-Gould, Rebecca Smith, and Tony Labissiere at the Electron Microscopy and Histology Core Facilities at Weill Cornell Medical College and Hospital for Special Surgery for assistance with electron microscopy.
- Received 8 July 2008.
- Accepted 5 November 2008.
↵▿ Published ahead of print on 14 November 2008.
- American Society for Microbiology


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Universal # My Room Drawer Chest
Stylish and functional, the #My Room Drawer Chest will be a versatile addition to your bedroom. Designed with three spacious drawers, a hidden felt-lined drawer, and a drop-front drawer, it offers ample space for housing your bedroom essentials effectively. These drawers have sleek metallic pulls that make for slick opening and closing. This contemporary-style home furniture also features a sliding back panel that's equipped with jewelry hooks for keeping your precious pieces safe and organized. The wide top of this chest can be utilized for placing small decorative items, photographs, and more, enhancing its convenience. Lifted on a sturdy metal base, it has exceptional stability. Available in other finishes.
- Name: # My Room Drawer Chest
- Collection: # My Room
- Vendor: Universal
- Comment: Price may vary based on option(s) selected.
- Dimensions: 36"L x 18"D x 50"H
- Construction: Tops: Birch veneers on furniture board
Sides: Birch veneers on furniture board
Drawer Front: Birch veneers on furniture board
Door Front: Birch veneers on furniture board
Hardware: Steel tubing
- Interior: Metal self-closing drawer runner
English dovetail drawer fronts
English dovetail drawer backs
Wood drawer bottoms
Drawer stops
- Finish: Chalkboard & Backpack
- Origin: Made in China
- Recommended Care: Painted Furniture: Dust with a soft dry cloth
periodically as needed.
Jordan's Furniture recommends purchasing our Furniture Protection Program.
- Warranty: 1 yr from all factory defects


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Cruiser Bikes Cruising in the summer alongside the beach with the wind in your hair and the smell of the ocean, abundant. Cruise in style with one of these gorgeous cruiser bikes from Schwinn, Viva, SE, Reid and more. Free Delivery in NZ on all Cruiser Bikes so get in before Summer before they're all gone.


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Civilian deaths mount as US drone strikes in Somalia escalate — Amnesty
NAIROBI, Kenya — Amnesty International Wednesday accused US forces of killing several civilians in Somalia as they "dramatically increased" the number of air strikes in the volatile country, but the U.S. military denied the deaths.
The U.S. military said it had carried out 110 strikes by drones and manned aircraft in the past two years in Somalia, killing over 800 people, but insisted every death was that of a "terrorist."
But Amnesty researchers who investigated five air strikes in detail reported at least 14 civilians had been killed — raising fears the total dead in the scores of attacks may be far higher.
"The attacks appear to have violated international humanitarian law, and some may amount to war crimes," Amnesty said in the report, titled "The Hidden U.S. War in Somalia".
The study is based on 150 interviews including witnesses, family members of those killed and security experts.
Their reports were corroborated by satellite imagery, photographs of the deep craters of the explosions, as well as munition fragments collected from the sites.
US strikes, which included missiles fired by manned aircraft as well as drones, targeted Somalia's Al-Qaeda linked jihadist insurgents, Al-Shabaab.
Amnesty said that since April 2017, the U.S. "has dramatically increased the number of air strikes – from manned aircraft and unmanned drones – it has launched in Somalia, tripling the annual rate of attacks."
It said the number of U.S. air strikes is more than the number of those it carried out in Yemen and Libya combined during the same period.
But the U.S. Africa Command (AFRICOM) insisted they had all been legitimate targets as members of Al-Shabaab, and that the Amnesty report was incorrect.
"Since June 2017, AFRICOM conducted 110 airstrikes in Somalia, eliminating more than 800 terrorists," it said in a statement, adding that "our assessments found that no AFRICOM airstrike resulted in any civilian casualty or injury."
AFRICOM added that it was "in the interest of the terrorist group al-Shabaab to untruthfully claim civilian casualties."
'Shroud of secrecy'
Amnesty's military expert Brian Castner said that "the civilian death toll we've uncovered in just a handful of strikes suggests the shroud of secrecy surrounding the U.S. role in Somalia's war is actually a smokescreen for impunity.
"Our findings directly contradict the U.S. military's mantra of zero civilian casualties in Somalia."
U.S. strikes in Somalia surged in April 2017, after President Donald Trump declared southern Somalia an "area of active hostilities", Amnesty said.
It said U.S. forces carried out 34 strikes in 2017 following Trump's declaration, more than in all the previous five years since 2012 combined.
In 2018, the number of strikes rose to 47 while there have been 24 already in the first two months of 2019 alone.
The Shabaab have been waging an insurgency against Somalia's foreign-backed government for over a decade, and while it has lost ground, continues to stage deadly attacks in the country as well as in neighboring countries such as Kenya.
The rising number of strikes has raised concern among aid workers in Somalia, a war-torn country reeling from decades of conflict. Over 1.5 million people are deemed to be struggling in "crisis and emergency" conditions, according to UN assessments, while 4.6 million people need food aid.
"More airstrikes and fighting mean more families will flee their homes, and civilian lives will be at risk," said Evelyn Aero from the Norwegian Refugee Council, which works in Somalia supporting some of the most vulnerable people.
"As a party to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, the U.S. has an obligation to protect civilians," Aero added. /muf
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The Body Love Box
Guide for Retailers
The Body Love Box is the friendly, fat-positive, body-positive, intersectional and LGBTQIAP+-affirming monthly subscription box that improves your customers' body image and supports marginalized artists. This fat-positive, intersectional monthly swag and resource kit includes 5-7 full-size items each month:
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- Artwork and swag from marginalized artists: fat, superfat, POCs, and LGBT+
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Smackdown Soars on Wrestler Tribute
A special edition of UPN's WWE Friday Night Smackdown following the untimely death of yet another professional wrestler gave the show its biggest audience of the season Nov. 18.
Last Friday's airing, which featured pro wrestlers paying tribute to Eddie Guerrero, who died at the age of 38 on Nov. 13, drew a season-high 4.9 million viewers.
The show also delivered a 1.9/7 in adults 18-34 from 8-10 p.m., trailing only CBS, while UPN led the networks during that time in men 18-34 with a 2.4/10.
The move to push the show back from Thursday to Friday this season has seemingly worked for UPN, with Friday's ratings for the network up 96% in households over the corresponding Friday last year (a repeat of America's Top Model and an episode of Star Trek: Enterprise) and up 55% in adults 18-49. Not surprisingly, the 2.4/10 rating in men 18-34 was up 243% over a year ago Friday night.
Guerrero died of a heart problem, which his family said was a result of past alcohol and drug abuse. UPN had aired a special last year on his troubles entitled "Cheating Death, Stealing Life: The Eddie Guerrero Story."
According to the WWE website, WWE CEO Vince McMahon announced Monday that within the next several weeks the organization will implement a new drug-testing policy for performance-enhancing drugs, recreational drugs and the abuse of prescription drugs.
WWE also says it will put "emphasis on cardiovascular examinations."


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Daniela Pencheva
Bul Bio-NCIPD Ltd., Bulgaria
Title: BUL BIO-NCIPD
Daniela Pencheva graduated with Master's degree from the Biological Faculty of Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Bulgaria. She completed Post-graduation in Microbiology at the "Medical University", Sofia, Bulgaria. In 2012, she defended PhD degree in "NCIPD", Sofia, Bulgaria. She is Head of laboratory in QC Department in "Bul Bio - NCIPD" Ltd. Sofia, Bulgaria. Until now she has many published papers in reputed journals and many poster presentations and proceedings in Bulgarian and International Congresses and Conferences. She participates in a training process and is Research Consultant of students and young scientists interested in microbiology and biomedicine.
The traditions of "Bul Bio-NCIPD" in the production of established vaccines as BCG, TETATOX, DIFTET, DIFTETKOK and TETADIF are longstanding. Produced is also PPD Tuberculin, ready to use for Mantoux's intradermal test to assist in clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis. The improved from the WHO, vaccines give the ability for its distribution worldwide. Efforts are oriented to maintaining the quality of the approved production by meeting the requirements of GMP and ISO 9001: 2008 and at the same time to develop innovations focused on reducing side effects if possible by keeping the strength of the immune response to vaccination. Studied parallel were the possibilities for obtaining ghost vaccines using nanotechnology and obtaining transgenic bacteria with included therein viral genome. The scientific challenge in such developments is big and requires coordination of efforts of various specialists. Development of a vaccine for veterinary use of recombinant "ghost" cell carriers of bacterial and viral genome against causes of enteric disease is the basis of a draft proposal with great potential awaiting development and implementation. At first the minimal bactericidal concentration of PVA / AgNps was defined for each of the tested 4 Salmonella strains - two strains S. enteritidis, S. newport Puerto Rico and S. typhymurium. Rabbits were immunized with "ghost" Salmonella antigens. The existence of cross-reactive antigens was determined in the obtained rabbit sera. The joint O and/or H-antigens in some strains allow selection of smaller number of serotypes that will have extensive protective effect when they will be used in a "ghost" vaccine.


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Remove Polis virus (Removal Guide) - Aug 2018 update
Polis virus is a ransomware that locks your screen and demands ransom
Polis virus is a ransomware virus that displays its ransom message as an alert from governmental authorities. This malware displays fake alerts about illegal content distribution and demands its users to pay the ransom fee for this activity. It is considered as scareware[1] because it makes its victims believe that they are going to go into jail if they don't transfer the demanded amount to the Police or other authorities. However, this ransomware does not encrypt the victim's files. It just locks the screen of your device and displays a deceptive alert stating that Police or another agency found that you are involved in viewing pornographic material or the distribution of the copyrighted content. However, this is a scam that needs to be removed from the system.
|Polis virus
|Similar to
|Police virus; FBI virus
|Displays alert about illegal content distribution, demands money for unlocking the screen
|Spam email attachments
|Use Reimage Reimage Cleaner Intego for Polis virus removal
This virus is one of the versions of FBI virus that had been spreading around since 2012 to 2016 in the USA and other world's countries. Polis virus has been attacking Sweden since 2012. However, there is some evidence of the virus activity in Turkey and near countries. This scam looks harmless but the people behind this malicious program are cybercriminals, and you need to be careful. DO NOT pay the ransom! Keep in mind that you are dealing with hackers who are not going to recover the access to your device. Use the steps given below to do so.
Since this virus is not typical ransomware[2], it doesn't use encryption methods to make users' files unusable. However, people who have little to no knowledge about the cyber threats can fall for this scam and pay the demanded fine. Please, do NOT do this as this can lead to more significant damage to your device. You should remove Polis virus immediately. The best way to do so is anti-malware tools like Reimage Reimage Cleaner Intego.
You should take care of virus removal as there is a possibility that this virus can get access to your system files and personal information. Dangerous malware like ransomware can help other cybercriminals to gain remote access to your device. This program locks your screen and makes it useless. To prevent this from happening, you need to perform Polis virus removal as soon as possible.
Polis virus is a ransomware-type program that disguises as Police or other authorities.
Spam email attachments spread malicious ransomware scripts
Ransomware is a silent infection that comes into your system without your knowledge or consent. This virus can be using trojan horses or other malware to spread its script around. These intruders often come attached to files or links placed in spam emails. Nowadays these emails may look safe and legitimate, so you don't notice any suspicious features.
Researchers[3] note that you need to look for grammar mistakes or typos in these emails. Cybercriminals can be in a rush or speak a different language so this is a common thing. Also, you can try to write back. If the sender doesn't reply, you more likely received a spam email. Delete these emails and never open the attachments if you are not sure that is needed.
Polis virus elimination can be done using proper anti-malware tools
If you want to remove Polis virus, you must run a full system scan with the reputable anti-malware program. This solution can help to fix your computer. We can recommend Reimage Reimage Cleaner Intego, SpyHunter 5Combo Cleaner and Malwarebytes for the job. These anti-malware tools detect all possible threats and get rid of them immediately. It is important because ransomware may have additional programs installed and running on your PC.
Proper Polis virus removal is only achievable with these tools because closing the window is not enough and ransomware can renew itself. Trust the program and follow the suggested steps. Double-check and scan the system again to make sure every little piece of malware is deleted. Keep your anti-malware and antivirus up-to-date so that you can avoid any infection repetition.
To remove Polis virus, follow these steps:
Remove Polis using Safe Mode with Networking
Get rid of this virus while rebooting your system in Safe Mode with Networking:
Step 1: Reboot your computer to Safe Mode with Networking
Windows 7 / Vista / XP
- Click Start → Shutdown → Restart → OK.
- When your computer becomes active, start pressing F8 multiple times until you see the Advanced Boot Options window.
- Select Safe Mode with Networking from the list
Windows 10 / Windows 8
- Press the Power button at the Windows login screen. Now press and hold Shift, which is on your keyboard, and click Restart..
- Now select Troubleshoot → Advanced options → Startup Settings and finally press Restart.
- Once your computer becomes active, select Enable Safe Mode with Networking in Startup Settings window.
Step 2: Remove Polis
Log in to your infected account and start the browser. Download Reimage Reimage Cleaner Intego or other legitimate anti-spyware program. Update it before a full system scan and remove malicious files that belong to your ransomware and complete Polis removal.
If your ransomware is blocking Safe Mode with Networking, try further method.
Remove Polis using System Restore
System Restore feature can also help when dealing with Polis virus:
Step 1: Reboot your computer to Safe Mode with Command Prompt
Windows 7 / Vista / XP
- Click Start → Shutdown → Restart → OK.
- When your computer becomes active, start pressing F8 multiple times until you see the Advanced Boot Options window.
- Select Command Prompt from the list
Windows 10 / Windows 8
- Press the Power button at the Windows login screen. Now press and hold Shift, which is on your keyboard, and click Restart..
- Now select Troubleshoot → Advanced options → Startup Settings and finally press Restart.
- Once your computer becomes active, select Enable Safe Mode with Command Prompt in Startup Settings window.
Step 2: Restore your system files and settings
- Once the Command Prompt window shows up, enter cd restore and click Enter.
- Now type rstrui.exe and press Enter again..
- When a new window shows up, click Next and select your restore point that is prior the infiltration of Polis. After doing that, click Next.
- Now click Yes to start system restore.
Finally, you should always think about the protection of crypto-ransomwares. In order to protect your computer from Polis and other ransomwares, use a reputable anti-spyware, such as Reimage Reimage Cleaner Intego, SpyHunter 5Combo Cleaner or Malwarebytes
About the author
- ^ Margaret Rouse. What is scareware?. Techtarget. Cybersecurity definitions.
- ^ Surviving a Ransomware Attack. CIO. Tech news and analysis.
- ^ SemVirus. SemVirus. Spyware related news.
Removal guides in other languages
Your opinion regarding Polis virus
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Ginkgo leaf jewelry
Ginkgo leaf necklaces are created one at a time based on real ginkgo leaves I collected from the garden. Each of my handcrafted sterling silver leaf necklaces start out with a collected, dried ginkgo leaf. Each leaf pendant is hand-cut, hammered and shaped individually, so no two are the same. Which one is your favorite?
3 products


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The team over at siegemedia put together a pretty cool list of the 100 most popular Google Keywords.
They preface the article by recognizing that branded terms like "Gmail" and "Craigslist" are frequently searched and are generally a common point of reference for Internet users. They also make clear that the top five most searched keywords overall are "Gmail", "Craigslist", "Amazon", "Yahoo", and"Porn". They didn't include any of these terms in their list – because, as they say "a giant list of navigational brand searches and porn isn't interesting."
Their research was focused more around non-brands. They were curious about true keywords that are the aim of many SEOs world-wide.
siege media teamed with SEMRush to satiate their curiosity and compiled a top 100 keywords list. The full list includes the 100 most searched for non-branded keywords on Google, in the United States region. We have reproduced the top 25 for your amusement – but definitely check out the entire list (link below).
The list was compiled by manually sifting through the most popular search terms overall to find keywords that were not associated with a brand. To keep it clean – and a bit more relevant to their inquiry, they also removed porn-related keywords.
So…here's the Top 25 non-branded keywords from their list (we included a bit of our own commentary next to each):
1. weather (gotta know when it rains…!)
2. translate (it's a globally connected world!)
3. maps (good to know where you are..!)
4. news (gotta stay updated!)
5. calculator (need to figure out the tip a restaurant)
6. g (yes…that's the letter "g")
7. youtube to mp3 (content is king!)
8. dictionary (sometimes words just get fancy!)
9. f (yes…that's the letter "f")
10. translator (se habla español?)
11. restaurants near me (always looking for good local eats…!)
12. movies (not surprised on this one)
13. speed test (gotta have good bandwidth!)
14. cheap flights (travel is fun, especially when cheap!)
15. horoscope (may be useful for a pickup line!)
16. unblocked games (darn workplace filters
17. solitaire (always a classic!)
18. mortgage calculator (helpful tool!)
19. calendar (gotta stay organized!)
20. games (are always fun at work!)
21. map (where are we?)
22. love quotes (who said romance is dead?)
23. restaurants (always good to know where to get good eats)
24. social security (kinda surprised to see this one on the list)
25. spanish translator (se habla español?)
…check their entire Top 100 list at:
The postings on this site are authored by Gaurav Mohindra, and do not represent the postings, strategies or opinions of my employer, or any other party. References to other articles are linked to most posts, should any referenced article require a formal citation (Chicago Manual of Citation), please contact us. All referenced trademarks are the property of those trademark owners.


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Last week Revel had Tasha and Daisy shaved to help them keep cool in the summer (and reduce the amount of hair everywhere). Here are a few pics of them enjoying their new look.
Tasha being good as usual. Because her coat is large, she looks especially different now without her hair.
Daisy begging for (and getting) a belly rub.


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Program Information
Program Course Requirements
Required Courses:
BIOL 1420 Nutrition (3 cr) OR HLTH 1520 Principles of Nutrition (3 cr)
BIOL 1431 General Biology I (5 cr)
BIOL 2457* Microbiology (4 cr)
BIOL 2467* Anatomy & Physiology I (4 cr)
BIOL 2468* Anatomy & Physiology II (4 cr)
CHEM 1407 Life Science Chemistry (4 cr) OR CHEM 1424 Chemical Principles I (5 cr)
ENGL 1410 Composition I (4 cr)
MATH 1460 Introduction to Statistics (4 cr)
MATH 1470 College Algebra (3 cr)
PHIL 2420 Ethics (3 cr)
PSYC 2421 General Psychology (4 cr)
PSYC 2431* Human Development (3 cr)
SOCL 1401 Introduction to Sociology (3 cr)
COMM 2420 Intercultural Communication (3 cr) OR COMM 1420 Interpersonal Communication (3 cr)
TOTAL REQUIRED: 51-52 credits
General Education:
Students must complete an additional 8-9 credits from the MN General Education Transfer Curriculum. (ENGL 1411 Composition II is highly recommended.)
TOTAL GENERAL EDUCATION: 8-9 credits
NOTE: Total credits must include courses from at least 6 of the 10 Minnesota General Education Transfer Curriculum Goal Areas.
*Denotes Prerequisite
Program Information: This program prepares students for a career in the healthcare occupation field. It provides a broad base of general education course work relevant to health sciences in preparation for transfer to a broad array of health sciences majors at a college or university. This degree program is designed to fulfill the prerequisite requirements for health science baccalaureate requirements for specific majors at all MnSCU system universities offering related degrees through a statewide articulation agreement. (please refer to the articulation agreement for a listing of majors and MnSCU universities). Even with this agreement in place, students should consult with both Central Lakes College and the transfer university advisors early in the process for guidance and planning regarding how to best meet the requirements of the various health sciences baccalaureate programs.
Program Outcomes:
Graduates will be able to:
- Develop as writers and speakers who use the English language effectively and who read, write, speak, and listen critically;
- Develop capacity to identify, discuss and reflect upon social and behavioral issues;
- Demonstrate comprehension of human and biological systems;
- Increase knowledge about mathematical and logical modes of thinking; and
- Improve their awareness and understanding of health, wellness and liberal arts.
Special Program Requirements:
In addition to the program requirements listed, students must meet the following conditions in order to graduate:
- College Cumulative GPA Requirement: The cumulative grade point average (GPA) of credits attempted and completed at CLC must be at least 2.0.
- Residency Requirement: students must complete one third (20) of their credits at Central Lakes College.
Transfer Opportunities: All courses in the degree program transfer and count toward the selected MnSCU university health sciences baccalaureate degree program requirements per the MnSCU Statewide Health Sciences Broad Field Articulation Agreement. (Refer to the Articulation Agreement for specific majors and MnSCU universities)
Career Opportunities: This program provides preparation for transfer into a number of health sciences majors: physical therapist, occupational therapist, rehabilitation specialist, nurse, nurse educator, athletic trainer, clinical social worker, health educator, nutritionist, dietitian, medical sonographer, radiologic technician, surgical technician, dental hygienist, psychologist, cardiovascular technologist, orthodontic technologist, exercise physiologist, health center manager.
Employment Statistics
For more information regarding employment statistics, career salary information and estimated job growth, follow the resource links below:


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CAT S48c
At Sprint Shoppes of Appottomax, Appomattox, VA
At Sprint Shoppes of Appottomax, Appomattox, VA
- $20.00 / mo. and $0.00 down today
Buy or upgrade today
Get in-store AvailableDirections Call store
Whether it's on the job or enjoying the outdoors, this phone is built with the same durability you would expect from Cat equipment. It's drop proof, dust proof, waterproof, and can even withstand extreme temperatures and it features a 5" Full HD display with a Corning® Gorilla® Glass 5 shatterproof screen. On top of that, the Cat S48c comes with a long lasting battery that will get you through your day.
- Camera: 13MP rear camera W/Flash, 5MP front camera
- Display: 5" FHD display Corning® Gorilla® Glass 5, optimized for outdoor use
- MIL SPEC 810G - Dust, dirt, sand, humidity and salt mist resistant
- Can be submerged for up to 35 minutes in 4 feet of water
- 4,000mAh battery (non-removable, Lithium ion) – up to 30hrs talk time
- Can work in extreme temperatures, -13⁰F to 131⁰F
- 5" FHD screen with Tough Corning® Gorilla® Glass 5
- Dedicated PTT button can support Sprint Direct Connect Plus
- Built to withstand drops of up to 6 feet on to concrete
Similar Products In Stock at Sprint Shoppes of Appottomax
Nearby Sprint LocationsFind a store near you
Sprint 2010 S Main St Unit B
- Open from Closed
2010 S Main St Unit B
Farmville, VA 23901
AvailableView at this store
Sprint Altavista Commons Shopping Center
- Open from Closed
105 Clarion Rd Ste 12L
Altavista, VA 24517
AvailableView at this store


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Bluntly telling it like it is as only gay comedian, chat show host and now agony uncle Graham Norton can, with wit and wisdom. Ask Graham is a collection of letters and responses from Norton's column in the very middle class and conservative Daily Telegraph. If you're looking for a gentle agony aunt who sensitively guides you to the solutions to life's problems without judgement, turn back now. Not that he is ever mean to the genuinely vulnerable; he saves his mocking for the clearly stupid and those who've made diamond encrusted mountains out of simple, mundane molehills.
Bizarre problems do make an appearance, like the husband worried about his wife's desperation for a boob job so ludicrous that she wanted to have one breast done, then furiously save money for the other months later. This next one I can sympathize with. A woman's father had had a heart attack. She rushed to the hospital only to discover his mistress and second family in the waiting room with the children possessing the same names as her own. My grandfather did something similar. I have two uncles with the same name, slightly different spelling.
Ask Graham isn't a book to be consumed in one sitting but many. Reading a few letters everyday whenever one has a spare five minutes is an amusing way to spend those moments too short to do anything useful.
I've been a Norton fan for many years, watching the gleefully rude So Graham Norton later poached from Channel Four by the BBC and toned down, and reading his first autobiography So Me. Delightfully, he writes like he talks on TV. There's never a dull moment. His language is clear and concise – no waffle here.
I'll leave you with the woman unhappily addicted to bodice-ripping romances.
Dear Graham,
I'm an addict. No, it's not drink, drugs or (sadly) sex, but all those cheap, bodice-ripping novels that clog up the shelves of supermarkets and public libraries. Even though I have a perfectly good brain, I just can't read enough of the kind of books you cannot be seen with in public.
As with eating too many vanilla cupcakes or drinking one to many Cosmopolitans, I always feel a bit disillusioned and tawdry the next day, ashamed of myself for having such pathetic illusions and for being led astray by such nonsense. I know it should be a simple matter of marching towards the Classics section and picking up something by Dostoyevsky, but I always get ambushed by those marshmallowy covers.
How can I beat my addiction?
Tara A, Middlesex
Dear Tara,
So you're attracted to the wrong sort of books? There is no shame in that. We have all chosen to watch an episode of Hollyoaks over The Sopranos, but to do it constantly is, I suppose, a bit of a waste of time.
Why don't you upgrade to the top of your genre? Jackie Collins or Jilly Cooper will, I'm sure, satisfy your addiction. Then move on to Maeve Binchy. Next try lowering the sugar content with a few Barbara Vines and, before you know it, you'll soon be wading through all the titles from Richard and Judy's book club.
The other thing you could do is to put down the book with a picture of Fabio dressed as a pirate on the cover and leave the house. Maybe the you could run your hands through the coarse dark hair of a real man while your heart beats wildly and you feel the rain soaking through your thin cotton dress.
You may get arrested for attempted rape, but at least you won't have turned into a crazy old lady who smells of lavender.


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The Victoria Grizzlies returned from their Christmas break and played their final game of 2016 on Friday night as they paid a visit to the Cowichan Valley Capitals.
The usually high powered offence of the Grizzlies was quieted somewhat on this night, relying upon goaltender Matthew Galajda to make 32 saves on 33 shots in a 3-1 victory.
With the win, the Grizzlies (Now 24-6-3-4, 55 points) maintain a commanding 10-point lead in the Island Division of the British Columbia Hockey League. A 6-1-1-1 record in December has helped them pull to within striking distance of the league-leading Penticton Vees (59 points) and the Wenatchee Wild (58 points) who were both still in action at press time.
Cowichan Valley (Now 19-15-2-2, 42 points) is battling for second place in the Island Division, now three points behind the Powell River Kings after Friday's loss.
A fast paced first period saw both goaltenders tested early as each team would record 11 shots on goal in the opening 20 minutes.
The netminders, Matthew Galajda for the Grizzlies and Lane Michasiw for Cowichan Valley, held serve until late in the frame when Tyler Welsh's team-leading 18th goal of the season made it 1-0 Victoria after one.
The goal extended Welsh's point-scoring streak to five games (3 G, 4 A, 7 points).
The only scoring in the second period came courtesy of Drayson Pears' third goal of the year, staking Victoria to a 2-0 advantage through 40 minutes.
Cowichan Valley cut into the lead early in the third when Max Newton solved Galajda with his team-leading 19th goal of the year to draw the Capitals to within a goal less than five minutes into the final frame.
That is as close as they would get however as the Grizzlies would lock down the rest of the third period as Galajda would make 32 saves, facing 11 shots in each period in the 3-1 victory.
Cam Thompson would ice it with his 10th goal of the season with twelve seconds remaining.
Michasiw stopped 24 of 27 shots in the loss for Cowichan Valley.
Victoria was 0 for 2 on the powerplay while the Capitals went scoreless in five opportunities with the extra man.
Drayson Pears led all skaters with two points (1 G, 1 A) and with a first period assist, Cole Pickup extended his point-scoring streak to seven games (3 G, 8 A, 11 points).
The Grizzlies return to action on January 4 in Nanaimo in the second game of their five-game road swing.
Victoria's next home game takes place on January 12 when the Nanaimo Clippers visit the Q Centre to begin a four game home stand for the Grizzlies.


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Christmas and Hanukkah are less than one month away and NJ parents are busy searching for the perfect holiday gift ideas for their toddlers and preschoolers. Think your kid already has everything under the sun? We're here to help with some great ideas that will spark the imagination and bring a smile to their faces. Read on below for seven fabulous suggestions.
After that, don't forget to visit our Holiday Season Guide to find additional holiday gift ideas.
Short on Space, Big on Imagination
For budding chefs who want to "cook" alongside mom and dad, the Splish Splash Sink and Stove from Little Tikes lets them flex their culinary imagination and clean up afterwards. Portable and easy to clean, the sink features a working faucet that pumps water into a sink with a real drain. The unit comes with the sink/stove combination, faucet, sink stopper, frying pan with spatula and service for two including flatware, cups and plates. From the splash of the water to the click of the knobs, this fun toy engages your child's senses and imagination.
Price: $19.99
Where to Buy: Visit the Little Tikes website.
Musical Movers and Shakers
Kids dance along to the beat on this Giant Colorful Keyboard. The colors on the keys correspond to different musical notes and can sound like a piano, guitar, saxophone, xylophone or accordion. This musical mat plays six songs, including classics like "Happy Birthday" and "Row Your Boat." Little musical maestros can record their own tunes and play them back. Measuring six feet long, the keyboard is perfect for duets or that all-important solo.
Price: $79.98
Where to Buy: Click here.
Interactive Fun for Busy Little Hands
Looking for something to keep those little hands busy? Gears! Gears! from Learning Resources offers hands-on construction fun with a twist. Kids don't just build structures, they create moving machines with colorful gears, cracks, connectors and interlocking bases. Spark their imagination while boosting fine motor skills and encouraging problem solving. This deluxe building set gets kids sorting, grouping, counting, designing and constructing, all while having tons of fun!
Price: $24.99
Where to Buy: Visit the Toys R Us website.
Pretend Play for Animal Enthusiasts
Foster compassion for animals with this Deluxe Pet Doctor Kit, perfect for little animal lovers. Kids can play veterinarian and heal the sick puppy with the array of tools, including syringe, tweezers, otoscope, stethoscope, mirror and scissors. Transport the puppy in his crate, brush his fur and mark his stats on the tiny clipboard. The crate holds the puppy and all tools when not in use. This cute and affordable gift provides hours of role-playing fun for preschoolers.
Price: $27.99
Where to Buy: Amazon
For the Little Chef Who Wants to Cook Along
Saturday morning breakfast will never be the same. With the Flip & Serve Pancake Set from Melissa & Doug, your little chefs can "fry up" two golden-brown pancakes on a pretend skillet, then serve them with the enclosed utensils. And don't forget the fixins! The set includes wooden chocolate chips, blueberries, bananas and pats of butter to top the pancakes. Once the pancakes are just right, breakfast mavens can serve them up on a thick paper placemat with a gingham design.
Price: $19.99
Where to Buy: Click here.
Perfect for Puzzle Lovers
"I spy with my little eye" is a refrain often heard on car trips. I Spy Preschool Game combines your child's love of puzzles with important skills like listening, memory and cooperation. Kids match riddles with pictures and the pieces interlock so only correct answers are possible. There are multiple ways to play the game so it can be adapted to suit your child's ability level. The variations include a matching game, a listening game, a rhyming game, a reading game and a memory game.
Price: $12.97
Where to Buy: Amazon
Create Memories with a Book and a Cuddle
Introduce your kids to a childhood classic this holiday season. Ezra Jack Keats' The Snowy Day tells the simple but beautiful tale of a young boy waking up to discover the first snowfall. Follow along with his adventures in the snowy city as he makes tracks in the snow, creates snow angels and attempts to save a snowball. Add in the Snowy Day Plush Doll to create the perfect cute and cuddly holiday gift idea for your little bibliophile.
Price: $26.50 for both
Where to Buy: Click here for the book and here for the doll.
Hero (Top) Feature Image: © Olesia Bilke / Adobe Stock
Additional Images (in Order) Courtesy:
Little Tikes / Website
HearthSong / Website
Toys R Us / Website
Kidzlane Deluxe Pet Doctor Kit / Amazon
Melissa and Doug / Website
I SPY Preschool Game / Amazon
The Snowy Day – Ezra Jack Keats / Amazon
Merrymakers The Snowy Day Plush Doll / Amazon


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The JLD takes the issue of resilience and wellbeing in the legal profession, and in particular junior lawyers, seriously and has looked into this over the last couple of years, for example, articles, surveys, employer guidance, sources of help and assistance. Our resilience and wellbeing page offers guidance, along with other sources of help and support. Although much of the focus is on junior lawyers, there is a great deal of information which is relevant to all members of the profession, particularly the articles and sources of help and advice.
Resilience and wellbeing - JLD guidance and support
We have a page dedicated to helplines and other sources of support and assistance for members of the profession. Although most of the services listed are for solicitors, there are some that also provide assistance to trainees and those who work in law firms and in-house legal departments.


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reunited Juliana Hatfield Three playing Lincoln Hall on tour
Juliana Hatfield has reignited her '90s band, Juliana Hatfield Three (her trio with drummer Todd Philips and bassist Dean Fisher), for a new album, Whatever, My Love, which will be out February 17 via American Laundromat Records. The trio has announced a tour for 2015 which will also serve as a 21st anniversary celebration of their 1993 debut, Become What You Are. (That's the one with "My Sister" on it.) The tour comes to Chicago on March 7 at Lincoln Hall. Tickets for that show go on sale Friday (12/19) at noon.
Full tour schedule is available at BrooklynVegan. Stream a track from the new album below…


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CHICAGO (CBS)—A La Grange man is fed-up about traffic infringing on an intersection, and now he's speaking out in the hopes village leaders will listen.
During rush hour, the area near Ogden and La Grange often resembles a parking lot instead of an intersection.
Constant trains passing by the intersection cause traffic backups and headaches for pedestrians trying to make it across the street.
When a pedestrian presses the "walk" button, sometimes backed-up traffic blocks the intersection, preventing walkers from getting across the street.
"It's hectic at times," said Steven Lifka, who has spoken to police and has even posted videos of the traffic problems online.
He's approached drivers about the perceived problem, he said, but they sometimes look at him like he "has two heads," he said.
Some people are finally starting to listen to his concerns, however, he said.
"I mean, you have to dodge here and there," one man said.
"I've had close calls myself and I've seen close calls but I've never seen a pedestrian hit."
Lifka added that he's also never seen any traffic accidents in the intersection.
"The stop signs says you can walk, but you actually can't because cars are in the way," Lifka said. "These people are being jerks."
Hopefully the roar of a train coupled with less-than-courteous drivers won't result in an accident in the future, Lifka said.
He hopes to see an increased police presence at the intersection soon.
The La Grange Police Department and Village Hall did not respond to requests for comment.


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This article outlines how to set up and configure SAML based Single Sign-On with Sequr. If your identity provider (IdP) supports SAML 2.0, then you can enable Single Sign-On (SSO) for all of your employees.
When you use SAML to connect Sequr with your identity provider (IdP), it's easy to provide your admins and employees with Single Sign-On access to the Sequr Dashboard, as well as the Sequr Mobile app. You'll also increase your office security by reducing the risk of password theft.
# Configuring SAML for Common IdP's
You can connect Sequr to any SSO provider with SAML 2.0. We've provided guides for a few common IdP's:
# SAML Configuration Instructions
We support both IdP initiated SSO as well as SP initiated SSO. Please follow below instructions to configure your IdP( Identity Provider) and SP ( Service Provider - Sequr).
Step 1. Configure Your Identity Provider
Please obtain the following values from your Identity Provider. We will need to enter these values into Sequr. Please follow our IdP specific guide to get these values.
- Identity Provider's Single Sign-On Service URL (HTTP URL)
- Identity Provider X.509 signing certificate (Base64 encoded)
We need to enter the "RelayState" value to make both IdP initiated as well as SP initiated SSO work. You can obtain this value from your Sequr dashboard as shown in below steps while configuring the Service Provider side (Sequr). Please follow your IdP specific guide to configure this value on your IdP dashboard.
Step 2. Configure Service Provider ( Sequr Dashboard)
- Login to your Sequr dashboard and navigate to the "Integrations" page. Under the Single Sign-On SAML integration box, click "Install."
2. Enter your Identity Provider's values.
- Enter your Identity Provider HTTP SAML URL.
- Drag and drop or manually enter the X.509 certificate.
3. Click "Install" to save.
4. Please make a note of "RelayState" value and follow your IdP specific guide to configure it on your IdP dashboard. At this point Single Sign-On will be enabled for all of your admins and employees.
# Exempt Users From Single Sign-On
There could be cases where you may want to exempt certain users from single sign-on process. For example, you may want to send "mobile key" to your vendors, contractors who are not on your Identify platform. Its really easy to add SSO exemption with Sequr once you have enabled SAML integration
- Go to Integrations > SAML Integration > Exempted Users
- Click on "Add SSO Exemption". Search and add any existing user to exempt them from SSO.
Notes :
- if you have already assigned "Mobile Key" prior to adding user to SSO exemption then please go to user profile and click on "Resend Sign-up Email". This time user will receive notification with registration link to signup.
# SSO Back Door URL
Sometimes, there might be a mistake in the SAML configuration – or something changes in SAML IDP endpoints. In any case, you do not want to be completely locked out. Having a backdoor available for Admins to use to access a locked system becomes extremely important.
You can enable SSO backdoor as shown below. "SSO backdoor" URL only works for Administrators. Sequr "SSO backdoor" URL is : https://login.sequr.io/?sso=false
# How to Disable Single Sign-On
To disable SAML SSO, navigate to the "Integrations" page on your Sequr dashboard. Click "Manage" under the Single Sign-On SAML integration box. Next click on the "Edit" button, then click "Delete."
If you need assistance setting up SAML-based SSO for your organization, or if you'd like to share feedback, you can always reach the Sequr Support Team via live chat in your Sequr web app. You can also contact us via email at email@example.com.