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The human unconscious is a mysterious thing. It's so mysterious, in fact, that it may be the principal reason for recent accusations of racial-profiling in police forces throughout the United States.
The unconscious has played a part in the continuous oppression of black people in our country for decades, resulting in the death and silent destruction of too many innocent people for too long. This article is an evolutionary account of where racism comes from, why it occurs and how we can start constructing proactive ways to fix it.
But, before we can begin to fix it, we must do one thing. We must admit it.
Denial is the biggest part of racial issues in America and throughout the world today. Many white people have an extremely hard time understanding and admitting that we've been helped by and even (maybe unknowingly) supportive of racial oppression throughout our entire lives.
According to psychologist/author Daniel J. Levitin in The Organized Mind, "Racism is a form of negative social judgment that arises from a combination of belief perseverance, out-group bias, categorization error, and faulty inductive reasoning" (Levitin, 153). These are all unconscious social-blunders that arise during our competition for reproduction and survival.
Out-group bias is a term for how people within a certain "in-group" (like white people) have a tendency to be less judgmental of the insiders and more judgmental of the outsiders (other races). As humans, we tend to form groups and then use them to make ourselves feel and appear to be more superior (Levitin 153-154). We've all done this kind of thing, haven't we? Think back to your "clique" in high school: another form of out-group bias exemplified on a smaller scale. This is an innate tendency of survival of the fittest that furthers black oppression in our society.
Similarly, our brains often put us under a spell of inductive reasoning: when we take small observations, such as that an Australian man stole your wallet, and apply them to larger circumstances, such as that you then came to the conclusion that all Australians are thieves (Levitin 153-154). This conclusion obviously makes no sense.
Instead of acknowledging the existence of social errors in reasoning, we make excuses. White people say things like, "I've never contributed to racism, I've been a victim too, racism doesn't exist anymore, and if I don't see it, how could it actually be a thing?"
The answer to all of these questions and concerns is, simply, you're white. America was built to favor white people: that's what you refuse to see. We were segregated in this country less than 60 years ago. It's no surprise that evolution has yet to fully adopt innate values of equality.
In comparison, there's no surprise that criminal, economical, educational, and health systems in this country, along with evolution, have yet to evolve to envelop policies that favor all people. Maybe 2016 is the year we'll push for a candidate who is aware of the outdated foundations of our socio-economic systems and willing to push for changes that create equal opportunity for all.
As for natural selection, it hasn't had enough time to perfect our evolutionary systems in regards to race. After all, it takes generations and generations for evolution to adapt the traits and values it finds to be most beneficial for our survival and reproduction. Likewise, it's going to be a long time before our brains stop continuously using systems that create instant bias in the face of fear and high-arousal, without us even knowing. This means we have to develop some way to help it along.
As a white person, I fully acknowledge that I have benefitted from white supremacy. I also admit that I have played a part in the further oppression of black people, even if unintentionally or indirectly. I'm not proud.
I would be lying, though, if I said I've never heard a racist joke, comment or serious explanation of why someone of a certain color acts a certain way. I would also be lying if I said I have always stood up for the oppressed in these situations. I haven't. And, if you have been in a situation where someone has said something racist or you've seen something racist happen and didn't say anything, you, too, have contributed to the further oppression of black people and minorities. The truth is, every white person has likely contributed, even if unintentionally. Unfortunately, there are also people who have and continue to unquestionably contribute: blatant racists like Donald Trump and members of white supremacy groups like the KKK.
Just last summer I hopped into a cab trying to catch a ferry out to the island I live on. As soon as I got in, the woman driving the cab began angrily spewing out racist comments. It was crazy. From what I could tell, she actually believed every ugly thing that was coming out of her repulsive mouth.
She said things like, "All black people should go back to Africa where they came from. Then maybe we wouldn't have aids in this country."
I was absolutely dumbfounded. I needed to get out of the car as soon as possible. I wanted to speak up. I wanted to scream at the top of my lungs at the lady and run out of the car. The only excuse I have to support the fact that I didn't do either of those things is that I was afraid. I actually remember thinking, if she can yell this kind of shit to a complete stranger, who knows what the hell this woman is capable of.
Although I still regret my reaction to the situation, I am glad I had the experience. It showed me, once and for all, that racism is alive and well. I already knew that, of course; but I had no idea there were tangible people that were so open and honest about being racist.
Overall, the experience opened my eyes to the idea that maybe there is a spectrum. Maybe, if there is a white-lady contributing to racism by yelling blatantly racist comments to a complete stranger in a cab, then there are people (like me) everywhere whom are on the complete opposite side of the spectrum: contributing to the problem without saying or doing anything. As it turns out, this seems to be the case.
Natural selection has been working on humans and their unconscious systems ever since the dawn of civilization, but it has a much different agenda than we have on a conscious level. Instead of acting under the belief that all humans are equal with the same right to live, vote and gain success, natural selection is guided by a relentless endeavor to create systems that are the most beneficial to our chances for reproduction and survival.
This evolutionary process involves first weighing the costs and benefits of having certain traits and values, then passing down those traits that were most beneficial to reproduction and survival in a lifetime on to the next generation. The difference in goals between the conscious and the unconscious often creates a disparity between how and why we believe we will handle certain situations and how and why we actually end up handling them.
For example, policemen and women are being accused of racism more and more frequently in the workplace as of 2016. They seem to be killing black suspects much more frequently than white suspects, leading many to believe that policemen and women are acting out of blatant racism. This conclusion doesn't appear to be very far off when you look at the statistics. According to Mintpress News, "police killed almost five black people per every million black residents of the U.S. in 2015, compared with about 2 per million for both white and Hispanic victims."
What's puzzling, though, is that many of the police accused in racially motivated killings do not have a history of conscious racist beliefs; meanwhile, they unquestionably react with racist tendencies in high-arousal situations. In order to understand why this universal bias is occurring, we have to learn how our unconscious systems attempt to guide us through situations. We have to understand how our unconscious leaves our conscious values on the backburner in the midst of high-arousal, split-second decision-making.
Levitin says that when we hear about or witness someone doing something wrong or dangerous, we tend to make false conclusions that his or her actions are "predictable" of someone of that race or from that region of the world (Levitin, 153-155). After thousands of years of work, natural selection has found that our brains can't handle processing all of the heaps of information we receive daily on a conscious level. For this reason, it has created various task-specific sections of our brains that are always developing shortcuts to process and categorize the most beneficial information in the most efficient way. Its goal is to categorize information so that it's easy to come back to in high-arousal, split-second situations that could affect our chances for reproduction and survival.
So, instead of processing and storing every bit of information we're exposed to, our unconscious creates shortcuts for us, that, most of the time, we have no idea are being implemented. These shortcuts can be dangerous, often resulting in the creation of associations based on insubstantial, irrelevant human qualities such as color and nationality (Gladwell 221-229).
Physiological circumstances create complications for police and their suspects in highly dangerous situations as a result of these associations. According to psychologist/author Malcolm Gladwell's book Blink, when humans reach a certain state of arousal (a heart rate of 145), we start to spiral into a sort of state of shock (Gladwell 221-229). This happens when our brains take a shortcut by turning off our logical reasoning and assuming unconscious control.
Once in control, our unconscious creates a split-second judgment and reaction. This is where policemen and women get into trouble. The shortcuts that take over in high-arousal, split-second situations, when a person's heart rate goes above 145, cause them to make decisions that are completely reliant on faulty evolutionary associations and inductive reasoning (Gladwell 221-299).
Lets take the example of the murder of 17-year-old Trayvon Martin in Stanford, Florida. The shooter, George Zimmerman, was a neighborhood watch captain at the time of the incident. On the night of February 26th, 2012, Zimmerman made a 911 call to report what he said to be a "real suspicious black male" walking in the neighborhood (The Trayvon). Disregarding the 911 operator's orders to stay in his vehicle, Zimmerman got out and followed Martin. Martin ran, but he eventually caught up. Moments later, cries for help were heard, shots were fired and Trayvon Martin's life was gone forever (The Trayvon).
My question is, what the hell happened here? Zimmerman claimed that he committed the murder in self-defense. As it turns out, Martin was merely on the way home from 7-11 at the time of his murder (The Trayvon). He was also on the phone with his 16-year-old girlfriend at the time. The girl said she heard someone ask Martin what he was doing, to which he replied asking what the man was doing following him. Then, an altercation happened and the phone call was lost (Trayvon Martin).
Self-defense? What would you do if a stranger began following you in the dark, questioning your actions? Wouldn't you be afraid? It sounds to me as though Martin was doing nothing wrong and Zimmerman suspected him for no apparent reason, resulting in an altercation that caused an innocent teenager's death.
That night, Martin was carrying his cellphone, a can of iced tea and a bag of Skittles candy. Zimmerman, an overzealous neighborhood watchman, pursued Martin because he was black and wearing a hooded sweatshirt (Trayvon Martin). Those are the clues that made Martin seem "suspicious" to Zimmerman. Evidently, Zimmerman has negative, predetermined associations about black people that surfaced as a result of high-arousal in a perceived dangerous situation.
Although his unconscious bias created the incident by constructing his suspicion based on unwarranted associations, it seems fair to argue that Zimmerman might also be a conscious racist. He blatantly disregarded the 911 operator's commands to pursue what he thought was a dangerous black man. He's not even a cop. There's no doubt that he had a conscious intention to "take care of the situation," which played a part in the murder of an innocent-teen. So, you can imagine the surprise of his family and black families around the nation when a "not guilty" verdict was issued to Zimmerman for the murder of an innocent black teenager. This is the face of black oppression and white supremacy in America. These are the consequences of those two concepts that black families are now rising up in order to prevent.
Policemen and women all over are forced to make split-second conclusions of danger every day. In these situations, it's as if the policeman or woman becomes blind for a matter of seconds under intense stress: the only thing left guiding them are their unconscious biases. According to Blink, our motor skills start to break down at a heart rate above 145 (Gladwell 225). At this point, associations created by past perceptions are brought to the surface and used as tools to react to the unconscious' perception of the amount of present danger.
Former Army Lieutenant Dave Grossman explains it well. Once our heart rate surpasses 145, he says "We begin to see an absolute breakdown of cognitive processing…The forebrain shuts down and the mid-brain- the part of the brain that is the same as your dog's- reaches up and hijacks the forebrain. Have you ever tried to have a discussion with an angry or frightened human being? You might as well try to argue with your dog" (Gladwell, 225).
Negative associations are a direct effect of racial oppression and white supremacy, people; and, to those who argue that police mistreatment happens to white people too, just stop already. First of all, it doesn't happen nearly as often. Second, a change for black people is a change for all people, as we are all humans fighting for the same opportunity to be successful and survive. All lives do matter: Black Lives Matter members know that. What they want to do is bring awareness to the fact that ALL lives include BLACK lives. Obviously, that needs to be made clear because their race is systematically incarcerated, killed and forced into poverty year after year. This needs to change. The systematic oppression of black people in this country needs to change.
So, the question becomes, how do we stop our bodies and minds from automatically acting on faulty associations whenever we go past a heart rate of 145? How do we diminish the implicit biases built into the brains of all people, especially police, so our unconscious doesn't force bad associations to surface in high-arousal situations? What solution will help us make more relevant observations in split-second situations?
In Blink, Gladwell explains how policemen and women can be trained to react to potential criminals in ways that don't result in racial-profiling cases. In order to overcome oppressive biases, they have to stop and give themselves more time to think, take cover, call for backup and assess the situation. They should let the suspect decide how dangerous he or she is instead of letting their unconscious decide within a split-second based on faulty associations. In order to make this change, they must practice possible dangerous situations continuously. They must train to be able to take the time to determine relevant observations to make in high-arousal situations so they can react appropriately (Gladwell 236).
The Baltimore Police Department has taken a step in the right direction. As of August 2015, the department, infamous for the arrest and death of Freddie Grain police custody last April, brought in a professional cognitive neuroscientist to help them out (Rector). His job is to train new recruits to fight against their faulty unconscious. To do this, he has been exposing police to a repetitive mental exercise intended to prevent them from making split-second decisions in high-arousal situations based on implicit biases . This training was created by Jonathan Page and has been named "Cognitive Command" training (Rector).
Proven successful in clinical trials, officers who have been trained for full Cognitive Command are better able to remain calm and remember more details in dangerous situations (Rector). The ability to remain calm allows a police-officer time to process conscious thoughts in high-arousal situations instead of hastily acting on biased unconscious associations. The idea is that if we can remain calm, we can process more relevant details to perceive danger more accurately.
With practice, we might be able to use our implicit biases less, resulting in their eventual reversal. The difficulty, though, with negative associations and errors in reasoning is that we usually become reluctant to get rid of them. This is called belief perseverance: when, quite frankly, our unconscious put a lot of cognitive effort into our associations, so it doesn't want to change them (Levitin 150-151).
According to Levitin, "People invest a significant amount of cognitive effort generating a belief that is consistent with the physiological state they are experiencing. Having done so, the results of this process are relatively persistent and resistant to change, but they do represent an insidious error of judgment" (Levitin, 150-151). Even when we are presented with evidence that we are being irrational or prejudice, we often refuse to accept it because our unconscious believes it is keeping us safe from harm to our evolutionary chances, and it worked hard on doing so.
Without learning the ins and outs of the unconscious, it's difficult to understand why so many policemen and women have been killing innocent black people on the job. Less than 60 years ago, humans were so evolutionary handicapped that they truly believed people with different colored skin should live separately. They even believed that color made people more or less intelligent and superior. Back then, people were unable to fathom that dark-colored-folks were no different than light-colored-folks, which led to the oppression of an entire race. Is it that hard to believe that our brains are still engrained with negative associations today, when all of this madness happened just 60 years ago?
Historically, evolutionary shortcuts told people to heed caution and answer differences with hate, leading to the oppression of black people and minorities that they are STILL fighting today. Incidents like Trayvon Martin in Florida and Freddie Grey are not coincidences. They are examples, warnings of what happens when we ignore our poisonous unconscious tendencies and evolutionary habits.
We must heed these warnings as not to end up right back where we started: in racial segregation. By admitting the issues and uniting to fight them, we can collectively construct policies and procedures to avoid unconscious biases and discrimination that is no longer beneficial to our society.
Note: If you're interested in this topic and the unconscious, I recommend reading The Organized Mind by Daniel J. Levitin and Blink by Malcolm Gladwell. Both of them give ample information on the unconscious, its antics and how understanding them can make a world of difference. Gladwell has a series of extremely thought-provoking psychology books including The Tipping Point: an intricate psychological guide to creating social change, The Outlier: a lesson about our environment and its impact on how successful we turn out to be, and David and Goliath: a contrary view and analysis of the age-old story of the underdog...All super-enlightening reads!
Works Cited
"776 People Killed By Police So Far in 2015, 161 Of Them Unarmed." MintPress News. MintPress News, 01 Sept. 2015. Web. 07 Mar. 2016.
Gladwell, Malcolm. "Arguing with a Dog." Blink: The Power of Thinking without Thinking. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2005. 221-29. Print.
Levitin, Daniel, J. The Organized Mind. New York: First Plume Printing, 2015. Print.
Rector, Kevin. "Baltimore Police Recruits Receive Cognitive Training to Better Handle Stress." Baltimoresun.com. The Baltimore Sun, 24 Aug. 2015. Web. 07 Mar. 2016.
"The Trayvon Martin Case: A Timeline." The Week. The Week, 17 July 2012. Web. 7 Mar. 2016.
"Trayvon Martin Shooting Fast Facts." CNN Library. CNN, 7 Feb. 2016. Web. 7 Mar. 2016.
Published by Shannon McKenna


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Welcome to Sisley Paris international website.
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Sarah Cossey
Approved by: Stratford upon Avon District Council
Are you birthing in the West Midlands? A deposit of £25 will secure your place in our diary (more details below) We offer encapsulation for parents in Warwickshire, Coventry, Birmingham, Worcester, Wolverhampton, and Walsall.
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Are you my ideal client? 🤰🏻
- Are you intrigued by the potential benefits of eating your placenta?
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As doulas (birth coach), breastfeeding supporter and reiki practitioner we have supported over 500 couples in the birth room as they greet their new baby into the world and therefore our knowledge base goes way beyond just placenta capsules!
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If you would like to call me directly we can talk through any questions you might have about your pregnancy and your options for birth. I have worked in every birth unit across the West Midlands so I can answer many questions you might have about your pregnancy or birthing options – And of course we can "talk placentas" 😀
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We know that for many mums it is important for them to meet with the encapsulator before committing to our services – after all, we will be creating a very personalised remedy for you!! Therefore we invite you to drop in and join us at our weekly Birthability coffee group where you can meet other expectant mums. Whilst there you can talk to new mums that are already benefiting from placenta capsules that we have provided and ask about their experiences (or you can read reviews here). We also offer a FREE 'Pregnancy Discovery Evening' each month at Solihull Birth centre which is an ideal opportunity for you and your partner to meet me in person, hear about the benefits of placentas, learn some incredible birth tips and meet other local couples at the same time! Details of all our services can be found at www.birthability.co.uk.
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Obviously my world revolves around birth and supporting new mums 🤱🏽 I am an independent antenatal teacher, birth doula, and placenta encapsulator. I feel truly privileged to connect with many of our mums from as early as 12 weeks pregnancy and love to follow their journey through our range of services through to when their babies are 9 months old. Of course we then get to meet a majority of our couples again when they are on baby 2 or 3 so they frequently feel like part of the family!
In my spare time, I am mum to four fabulous children (1 girl and 3 boys!) and spend a VAST amount of my time as a hockey mum on the side of astro pitches – and wife to a wonderfully supportive husband who appreciates that my mums, babies and placentas always come first!
We are regular guests at the following hospitals: Warwick, Worcester, Good Hope, Birmingham Women's, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, City and Sandwell, Heartlands and Russells Hall. These include the following birth centres: Lucina, Halcyon, Serenity, Netherbook Solihull and Willow Suite. Our geographic area includes Stratford upon Avon, Warwick, Birmingham, Coventry, Dudley, Leamington Spa, Kenilworth, Southam, Solihull, Sutton Coldfield, Nuneaton, Coleshill, Worcestershire and all surrounding areas.
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There it is. The paint can.
I don't know what it is but I am in love with snapping off the lid of a paint can with that thick creamy substance inside that has the ability to completely transform a space. It looks good enough to dip a spoon in and lick but that would not be good…
I love paint in all forms. Sometimes, I get creative longings inside, and I need to go where paint and color dwell; Home Depot, Michael's, Art stores, specialty stores with beautiful paint choices and designs like Anthropolgie, and even Toys R Us. I love to look at paint's colors. I love to feel the transformation of color to moods. I love to dip things in paint; drip it, splash it, rub it on things, roll it, brush it with all different size and kinds of brushes and I love different surfaces to do it on. Paint spells F U N!
Along with that infatuation I am in love with my clothes that I paint in. I'm like a puppy dog when an owner picks up a leash for a fun walk, when I put on those "it's okay to get dirty duds." I feel like jumping around in a circle because I know when those clothes go on I give myself permission to paint.
Painting to me is an experience I immerse in. I pass into a deeper realm of art-ing when I begin to do it.
when I paint "serious."
When I have to paint a wall that has to look faultless painting becomes like labor pains. I forget how much I hate it until it's too late to get out of it!
My problem is in that delicious world of paint I prance so happily in that dreamy luscious whipped cream or dollop of paint , I forget reality and always start to paint walls… and then I remember how un-fun this is.
I highly recommend for all you DIY-er's, who hate to paint but love to PAINT read Karen Beaumont's picture book, illustrated by the funny David Catrow called I Ain't Gonna Paint No More. It's a self portrait of the free spirit painter who should definitely never become a house painter for hire; like me.
I'm now off to scrape the floor of the paint drips from my latest house project, (Yes, I did put plastic around!!!), after I take off the tape that has stuck to the walls and torn off the wall board paper, and then off to the dump to drop the white area carpet after tipping the gray primer up-side-down, under the ladder, all over my shoes and all over the white carpet… (I only cried for 45 minutes while scrubbing uselessly!!) No matter what any product sells, it does not come out and dries a crusty shade of dingy and corpse stiff.
But I am still wearing the clothes and have joy in my creative-heart and that hardened drip in my eyebrow as I hammer that round metal lid back on to say good-bye while I repeat…
"I ain't gonna paint no more!"
Then go soak in a long bath.
Until I forget and do it all over again…


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We are ready to state the running culture with this brand new Project came out from Volt Floyd minds. 42for42 project will be the milestone for the city runners in İstanbul, and of course all around Turkey. İstanbul Marathon which is held every November is famous to unite continents but at the same time it is insufficient to connect the people.
For our opinion every human being must experience marathon once in a lifetime. Around that opinion we will give life to 42for42 project. Our trigger point is to change quality and perception of the İstanbul marathon.
42 determined people is ready to bright the potential of the marathon in İstanbul. By the way the number of 42 is a symbolic meaning for us. We're expecting many more people in November to run for marathon.
The first aim of our is to destroy the perception of " Running in Istanbul Marathon is useless." The most efficient property of İstanbul Marathon as you know is uniting the continents of Europe and Asia by the help of the 15th July Bridge. Unfortunately we can't explain our marathon to our beloved citizens. We believe that there is diversity of language among the runners and non-runners. We are defining a new alphabet called "running culture". What we are going to is using this alphabet for communicating people each other. By the help of 42for42 project we can manage to spread running culture large amount of people. We did a marathon development report again with the help of that new language and trying to take attention of marathon authorities.
It is a fact that every marathoner is changing while they are passing the finish line. We claim that the Project of 42for42 is going to be a tool spreading the running culture in İstanbul,Turkey.
Since June of 2018 we had a lot time to turn this idea into a Project. First thing first we explained the effects of the 42for42 project to our runners .The people are thrilled to join to our Project in both cities of İstanbul and İzmir (we have two running crews both of the cities of İstanbul and İzmir.) We registered people to İstanbul marathon without losing time. Next step was to build a marathon training program.We're still in a training program till the marathon day.
Now we are trying to reach to people as may as we can. It means that the Project is open to develop till the last day.
After marathon start we are going to move as one huge system not 42 individuals. Every kilometer we provide cycling units for food and moral. They will keep the race pace, with the helping of pacers all around the marathon course.Also we can navigate all of the runners on map real time. The last but not the least is our grand cheer zone which will be situated the exit of Gulhane Park which is one kilometer away from the finish. We will scream our ass off in that zone for last drop of energy they need.
Adding to these, we are planning to create a M-Tag(Marathon Tag) for every runner. How many gels did he/she used? What is the most significant moment for him/her? It will be fulled of these type of questions and answers. It will be a certificate of the marathon for them. The most beautiful thing of this planning session, it is alive and it is open to develop every second till the marathon.
Unfortunately we did not have magic stick for all of these. But the effect that we are trying to make is mystical and heroic in many ways. We will witness the transformation of kinetic energy of runners to synergy and inspiring people. The real question is "why can't marathon change while the runners are changing?" The first aim that we want to effect is the character of the marathon.
Marathon value bounds with the amount of the people that follow. Marathon course can change, maybe the marketing budget of marathon can increase somehow.
We usually complain about the things that we irritate. But not this time. We are determined to change things about marathon as Volt Floyd, ready to do it.
Reaching one person is a victory for us. Now think for thousands of them.
Marathon Development Report:
The Course:
Marathon course is kindly boring due to other marathons around the World. We want to change the course and to make marathon day becoming a festival. Here are some alternate routes that we found.
Beylerbeyi - 15 Temmuz Şehitler Köprüsü - Beşiktaş - Bebek - İstinye - Tarabya - Kireçburnu - Tarabya - İstinye - Bebek - Beşiktaş - Dolmabahçe - Vodafone Park.
Beylerbeyi - 15 Temmuz Şehitler Köprüsü - Beşiktaş - Bebek - İstinye - Tarabya - İstinye - Bebek - Beşiktaş - Karaköy - Eminönü - Gülhane Parkı - Sultanahmet.
Beylerbeyi - 15 Temmuz Şehitler Köprüsü - Beşiktaş - Bebek - Baltalimanı - Emirgan Sonu - Baltalimanı, Bebek - Beşiktaş - Karaköy - Eminönü - Balat - Eyüp Sultan - Balat - Eminönü - Gülhane Parkı Sultanahmet.
Fun Zones
We think that motivator scenes around the course will make great effects to runners.Dj gigs, amateur or Professional music bands, acrobatic groups can make the difference. We experienced a lot of marathon races around the World and most of them have dozens of fun zones.
You can find the stats below about the fun zones.
You can find the stats below about the fun zones.
Berlin Marathon100%
Stockholm Marathon22%
Marine Corps Marathon27%
Istanbul Marathon6%


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9th Class Past Papers Sahiwal Board
BISE Gujranwala Board 9th Class Past Papers
Middle East Secondary Education BISE Gujranwala explained the past papers of 9th class, including the last five years, so that students can prepare for these up to date papers. These 9th class up to date papers look like students guess because there are issues that are repeated every year because these questions are very important so the printer cannot avoid including these issues in the annual documents. So, if you've been through the last five years, you can get good grades because you're prepared for those questions now. These 9th class past papers are also useful so they can give you the proper paper sample, depending on the model the questions appear during the annual exam in the test room. According to the announcement of BISE, the annual papers for 2019 starts in March, so if you have not started your preparation, students will do so as you have some more months left because it is very important for you are prepared for annual review if you want good grades. Get a comprehensive collection of past papers of Lahore board too.
Past Papers of 9th Class BISE Gujranwala Board
When a student studies the past papers of 9th class, he understands the shape of the document. Then, the document can make a plan for completion at any time. Therefore, these 9th class past papers help you to give good grades to exams. Ninth grade paper before the ninth grade, ninth cartoon, Lahore
Here are some tips to prepare for exams:
Monitor your revision power. I know it's boring. I know it took you a long time. But you have to review it at all costs.
There are 149/150 in mathematics SSC. For the same reason I did not review the theories daily, I only gave 30 minutes for the review.
You have to do the same. Theories, like the physical formula, are more likely to forget. Do not make your brain like the poor bank.


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S. Behnaz Hosseini (Ed.)
Women in Conflict and Post-Conflict Situations
An Anthology of Cases from Iraq, Iran, Syria and Other Countries
Reihe: Konfrontation und Kooperation im Vorderen Orient
Bd. 18, 2019, 192 S., 29.90 EUR, 29.90 CHF, br., ISBN 978-3-643-91120-9
This collected volume focuses on women's suffering and the conditions of their societies during conflict and post-conflict situations in Iraq, Iran, Syria and other countries. The contributions examine and explore not only general narratives but also various specific aspects of the conflict and post-conflict situations in relation to the roles and statuses of these women, with a number of scholars reflecting on topics from various disciplines and key areas such as the Middle East. This collection also includes some articles on the suffering of women outside of the Middle East, thus illustrating the similarity of some general issues women have to face throughout the world.
Behnaz Hosseini is a researcher in religious minorities and gender in the Middle East at the university of Vienna.


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Marks & Spencer could lose its status as the UK's top clothing retailer to Primark following plans to close 100 stores.
A study by analyst GlobalData suggests Primark could leapfrog M&S in terms of market share of the clothing sector after it announced plans to close 100 stores by 2022 as part of its turnaround programme.
M&S could lose its decades-long position as top clothing retailer if it is unable to convert sales from stores earmarked for closure to either its online business or other stores.
Maureen Hinton, group retail research director at GlobalData said: ''Marks & Spencer has dominated the UK clothing market for decades, but its lead as number one is perilously close to being lost to Primark this year.
"The closure of yet more stores will hasten the decline unless it can shift the lost sales to its online channel and transfer to its other stores. But it also has to start growing total non-food sales to stem the overall decline."
Figures from Globaldata show that M&S's market share fell from 9.7% in 2008 to 7.6% in 2018, while Primark surged from 4.4% to 7%.
JD Sports' market share grew from 1.1% to 2.7% over the same period.
M&S has announced it is to close 100 stores over the next four years, as it downsizes its UK store portfolio and moves more of the business online.
The high street retailer said 21 stores had already shut since the annoucement of its store estate programme in November 2016. A further 14 stores have been announced today as proposed for closure or set to close, as M&St accelerates its store closure programme. Alongside relocations, conversions, downsizes and the introduction of concessions, M&S said these closures would radically reshape its clothing and home space.
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Explore Colour
Colour can say a lot about a person. It can also say a lot about your home. Bright and bubbly, dark and exciting, or cool and mysterious? Our Wickes paint range allows you to bring out your personality through your paint choices.
Some people like to set a consistent mood throughout the house using multiple shades of one colour. Others prefer each room to have its own individual style.
Browse our paint brochure to find your perfect shade.
We have selected a variety of white shades, from timeless classics to contemporary and modern, all of which have been created to allow you to design stunning and powerful spaces in any room in your home.
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Containing modern, industrial, urban or subtle tones, our palette of greys makes for a stunning backdrop, whether used on their own or in combination with neutral or bold colours to complete your chosen look in your room.
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Neutrals & Browns
Inspired by nature, a delicate and versatile range of brown shades helps to connect the indoors with the out. This softer colour palette works well with tonal natural textiles and fabrics to bring your home's style together.
Uplifting, refreshing and optimistic, this versatile colour palette offers a balance between our softer pastel shades and our striking bright trends. It works well with wooden furniture finishes, providing a fresh or a toasted warm look.
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A complementary palette that will suit any room in your home, purple tones will work well with blacks, greys and shades of white. Whether you choose intense or pastel shades, you can create a powerful and impactful space.
Homely with limitless scope, rejuvenate a wall or transform the whole room. This beautiful palette can complement and bring tranquillity to your home and has been tastefully created with inspirations from nature.
Versatile and on trend, the possibilities are endless throughout the home. Invigorating, dramatic or pastel greyed tones, our palette of blues allows you to create stunning backdrops within your home and can complement or contrast to bring your home to life.
Reds & Oranges
From rich reds to zesty oranges reds and orange walls make a real statement in a room, infusing it with passion and energy. Versatile shades can be combined to create a striking feature wall in your living room or kitchen.


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Canon PIXMA M2100 Driver Download
Canon PIXMA M2100 Driver Download – The PIXMA MG2120 Inkjet Photo All-In-One conveys incredible quality, flexibility, and usability at an exceptional esteem. Print perfect, borderless1 photographs at home up to 8.5″ x 11″ estimate with a most extreme print shading determination of 4800 x 1200 dpi2 and the proclaimed FINE ink cartridges.
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- In the table below, you will find the Ij Scan Utility for your Printer Model Version.
- Choose the software based on the operating system of your Computer.
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- Windows 8: Select IJ Scan Utility on the Start screen. (If IJ Scan Utility is not displayed on the Start screen, select the Search charm, then search for "IJ Scan Utility".)
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Canon PIXMA M2100 Driver Download Links
Canon PIXMA M2100 Driver Download
Originally posted 2018-08-21 16:05:10.
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Fleeing the alpine peaks, we descend on the southern lake district to wind up our final tour of Austria. Of course, this tour is recommended during the all-too-short summer months. Instead of Vienna, we use Salzburg as our gateway to the lakes, which begins in the province of Land Salzburg and ends in the summer resorts of the southeastern province of Carinthia.
Day 1: Salzburg: Gateway to the Lakes
Salzburg, the city of Mozart, lies at the door to some of the greatest natural attractions in Europe, found in the province of Land Salzburg. After driving or flying to Salzburg, you'll have just enough time to walk the ancient streets of its Old Town (allow 2 or 3 hr.) and visit the Residenzgalerie and the Hohensalzburg Fortress.
Day 2: Mondsee: Austria's Moon Lake
On the morning of Day 2, leave Salzburg and head east on the A-1 until you see the turnoff to Mondsee, 27km (17 miles) to the east. Check into a hotel for the night and visit Schloss Mondsee, where Maria married Captain von Trapp in The Sound of Music. Stroll along the lovely Marktplatz, a square filled with lively cafes. Arrangements can be made to go sailing (check with the tourist office), or you can just enjoy the lakefront beaches. "Moon Lake" (its English name) is the warmest of Land Salzburg's bodies of water.
Day 3: St. Wolfgang: The Romantic Lake
For Day 3 you can still use Mondsee as a base or transfer over to St. Wolfgang so you won't have to make the 40-minute drive back at night. The easiest way to get here without taking difficult roads is to head southeast along Route 154, following it around the southern rim of Wolfgangsee, then cutting back west at the signposts into St. Wolfgang, which lies on the northern tier of Wolfgangsee, arguably known as the most romantic lake in Austria. It was the setting for the popular operetta The White Horse Inn, written in 1896 but still performed all over Austria annually. Swimming and watersports dominate the lakefront beach life, and you can also plan visits to the Pfarrkirche St. Wolfgang, a pilgrimage church since the 12th century. It's also possible to take an excursion to Schafberg for the most panoramic views in Upper Austria. On a clear day, you can see 13 lakes in Land Salzburg from here.
Day 4: Bad Aussee: The Green Heart
On the morning of Day 5, head east from St. Wolfgang, retracing your steps to the main road at the junction with Bad Ischl. From here, follow Route 145 southeast to Bad Aussee, a distance of only 34km (22 miles). Check in for the night.
The old spa of Bad Aussee is called the "green heart" of the Salzkammergut. At Bad Aussee you'll have crossed over from the province of Land Salzburg in Syria. Its lake, Altaussee, is one of the most beautiful bodies of water in that province. The resort, lying 650m (2,133 ft.) above sea level, is set in a network of other lakes in the Traun Valley. Drop in at the tourist activities to hook up with any activities likely to be offered at the time of your visit. Hiking through this mini lake district is one of the joys of coming here, and it breaks up all that time at the wheel.
Day 5: Villach: Heart of the Carinthian Lake District
On the morning of Day 5, leave Bad Aussee, heading for Villach, 206km (128 miles) to the southeast. Follow Route 145 southwest to the junction with the motorway A10 heading south to Spittal. Once here, continue southeast on the Autobahn (E55/E66) into Villach. After checking into a hotel for the night, explore on foot its Altstadt or Old Town, centered on the main square, Hauptplatz. After a visit to the tourist office for a map, set out for a drive into the Villacher Alps, one of the most scenic drives in Carinthia, taking you for an 18km (11-mile) journey via the Villacher Alpenstrasse toll road with panoramic views in all directions.
Days 6 & 7: Klagenfurt: Carinthia's Capital
On the morning of Day 6, leave Villach A2 for Klagenfurt, 56km (35 miles) away. Anchor into Klagenfurt for 2 nights. After a tour of the Old Town and a visit to its Domkirche and Diozesanmuseum, you can head for nearby Wörther See for fun in the lake water. After all this relaxation you can plan to take some nearby excursions on Day 7, your final day in Austria. In a period of 1 day, you can drive to Maria Saal, a pilgrimage church outside Klagenfurt; Hochosterwitz Castle, whose origins go back to 860; and to St. Veit an der Glan, the old capital of Carinthia back in 1170. After Klagenfurt, it's a 309km (192-mile) northeast drive to Vienna.
Note: This information was accurate when it was published, but can change without notice. Please be sure to confirm all rates and details directly with the companies in question before planning your trip.


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Perfume by Gwenael Nicolas
Gwenael Nicolas Shows The Curiosity Essence Perfume
Gwenael Nicolas, the lead designer of the displayed design Curiosity Essence - Perfume by Gwenael Nicolas spells out, This perfume was created as Curiosity's orginal perfume collaborating with Japanese renowned glass maker, SUGAHARA for the hand-blown bottle and a young Japanese perfumer for the scent. The perfume concept succeeded "CURIOSITY ESSENCE" the monograph book, revealing firm's design inspiration from Japan and the perfume was designed with the same philosophy. The suspended drop expresses the echo of memories, the simplicity of that moment reveal its transience as well as its immense preciousness. .
Perfume by Gwenael Nicolas Images:
End of the article, click here to go back to previous page, or alternatively go back to Digital Artists Magazine homepage.
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Our 2019-20 low-barrier emergency temporary wintertime shelter opened before Thanksgiving at 720 West Main St., in a busy central urban neighborhood. Please visit our volunteer opportunities and/or our donations page to see how you can contribute.
Our Mission
REACH Advocacy advocates for and with chronically homeless persons in the Rochester, NY area, seeing that all are treated with dignity and respect.
REACH Advocacy collaborates to create safe, financially sustainable, housing options to meet the needs of chronically homeless individuals by ensuring services needed and encouraging mutual care.
To Learn More About Homelessness in America
Please see our list of suggested resources.
(Our header image is a modification of a photo by Garry Knight, CC BY 2.0)


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Dribble fantasy football has been developed by SkyBet and Dribble Media Ltd. This Fantasy football app has been put together so that football fans and punters can have a little bit of fun playing fantasy games against friends or anyone who is available online at the time of you're looking to play football for fun. To find out more about this free fantasy football app, keep reading.
Dribble fantasy football for mobile iOS & Android
How to register and play fantasy football on the go – Registering your team is super easy, you can be ready to go playing the Dribble fantasy football app in minutes. Simply provide an email and a username & that's it your good to go.
Choosing Your Team
Choosing your team is sometimes a tricky thing to do when playing any fantasy football game. That isn't the same with this app, if you are simply looking to play a quick game, you can select the quick selection button. This button with randomly select your team for you, taking away the decision making.
You get the choose any five footballers that play in the Premiership, UEFA Champions League, Europa League, FA Cup or Capital One Cup. You can only pick players which are due to play on the next game day.
The five picks have to consist of:
- Goalkeeper, 1
- Defender, 1
- Midfielder, 2
- Forward, 1
Head to head games against your friends or a random – You can always find someone to play against when using the Dribble app. So if you want to play against your friends, you can invite them to play once you are logged into your profile, by selecting the cog in the top right-hand corner of your device and select add friends. You can then send them a message via Facebook or Twitter requesting they join you in a fantasy football battle.
Alternatively, you can request to play anyone who is online at the same time as you for a battle. To do this hit the purple lightning bolt which can be found at the bottom of your device in the centre of the screen, select it and tap on Play Random.
Playing For Fun Or For Real Money
Play for fun or for cold hard cash – You can choose to play for fun or you can play for cash, placing bets on the outcome of the game. To play for free, simply choose if you want to play a friend or random, then select "play for fun".
If you want to play for money you'll need to make a deposit by tapping on the wallet icon, select the stake and make a deposit. You'll need to input your card details to do this. To win the big cash prizes you'll have to have the top performing team out of all the entrants. You should try and pick smart for a game and look at how the points are scored to make your picks. Whilst this isn't a betting app per se it is still considered as gambling.
Safe & secure – Dribble Media Ltd. Are regulated by the UK Gambling Commission.
Latest App Updates – They updated the look of the icon, which has given it a much more slick and professional look.
The second change made will definitely please anyone that had an earlier version of the app. Problems with waiting times, finding an opponent to play against and for them to make their picks used to be a big issue. Developers have managed to cut the time in half, making the app more desirable to its users.
Why should you download the Dribble fantasy football app?
If you are looking for a fantasy football app that will enable you to have some harmless fun playing games against your mates, this is definitely an app we would highly recommend you check out. It's completely free to download, and you can fill some of the moments when your bored with nothing better to do, with a bit fantasy football fun.
The Dribble app is available for Android, iOS and most other mobile and tablet devices.
iOS users (iPhone, iPad & iPod Touch) – You can download the app on any of the iOS devices mentioned above, it only takes a couple of clicks to do so. You can download the app from the link provided below.
Download fantasy football by Dribble for iOS here
Android users can download the app from the Google Play store below
We truly hope that our review of the Dribble fantasy football app has been insightful & useful for you. To keep up-to-date with any future updates to the app, be sure to connect with us on Twitter.


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Posts Tagged TPRF
The Journal of Good News
Posted by David Gittlin in Essays, inspiration, international, issues on August 28, 2012
Is good news boring? Is there a severe shortage of hopeful, inspirational stories outside of the sports section? Would it violate journalistic standards if the media served up more stories that motivated us to be better people and brightened our days a little?
The answer is you can find stories of hope and inspiration if you look hard enough for them. I've been extremely fortunate to be a small part of some pretty amazing stories from around the world as editor of the TPRF blog for the past two years. I'd like to pass my good fortune along to anyone in the mood for something out of the ordinary.
The TPRF blog began with a mandate to cover the developing story of the third Food for People facility planned for construction in the small village of Otinibi, outside of the metropolitan city of Accra in Ghana, West Africa. Food for People is a proprietary hunger relief program initiated by TPRF. These facilities feed a nutritious daily meal to children and village elders in areas of extreme poverty.
Our first posts covered the Ghana Food for People project in detail beginning when the facility was an undeveloped piece of land awaiting governmental approval of the documents transferring title of ownership to the local charity set up to manage and run the FFP. We literally watched the facility rise up out of the ground, culminating in a triumphant opening one year later. The FFP in Otinibi has materialized thanks to the dedication of mostly local volunteers, an expert construction team, funding from TPRF, and donations from individuals following the story on the Internet.
Five hundred children and adults will eat every day in Otinibi. The same thing occurs at two other Food for People centers in Bantoli, India and Tsarapu, Nepal, opened in 2006 and 2009 respectively.
The logistics and effort required to establish and keep the FFP facilities operating boggles the mind. Food and hygiene standards must be established and maintained. A chef has to plan the menus. The meals have to be balanced nutritionally and tailored to the tastes of the people in the area. Managers have to train and supervise staff and volunteers. The list goes on. Yet it is happening.
Thanks to these Food for People centers, children go to school instead of doing manual labor (like crushing rocks to support their families.) The nutritious daily meals allow the children to grow and develop normally. Plus, they learn proper sanitation habits and enjoy watching educational television programs while eating.
With healthy bodies and the opportunity to learn in school, these children have a vastly improved chance to realize their dreams later in life. And something more. I have seen through these stories that Food for People is an oasis for these children, a place where they can flourish and enjoy their precious childhood.
Six months after the first TPRF blog post, we decided to open up the scope of the blog to other feature stories while still reporting on the progress of the project in Ghana. We regularly cover stories about TPRF's Peace Education Program in prisons, independent fundraising efforts, disaster relief, clean drinking water initiatives, and other humanitarian efforts undertaken by TPRF's partner organizations.
Here's a thought. Maybe you are what you "tune into" as much as you are what you eat.
Food for People photos by Francis Ahore. Ethiopia photo courtesy of International Relief and Development Organization (IRD)
Mission Accomplished on World Water Day
Posted by David Gittlin in Essays, international, issues, Uncategorized, Water Crisis on March 26, 2011
The Adventure Project set an ambitious goal. Blog writers and their readers worldwide responded with enthusiasm, compassion and generosity.
The idea came to Becky Straw and Jody Landers, Co-Founders of the Adventure Project, from members of their organization, known affectionately as "The Tribe." One week before World Water Day (March 22nd) blog writers proposed a challenge to raise $10,000 in one day by promoting The Adventure Project's latest initiative: repairing broken water pump handles in northern India. The anticipated results of the initiative are twofold. By bringing wells that have fallen into disrepair back into use, 300 more people per month (3,600 per year) will have access to clean water. In addition, the initiative will provide training and jobs to enable unemployed people to lift themselves out of poverty.
Becky thought the tribe members might be able to recruit 50 bloggers to promote the fundraising effort. Jody, an eternal optimist, suggested 100 bloggers. One week later, 137 bloggers had signed up to participate. As the final seconds of World Water Day elapsed, the amount raised reached $11,390. Donations are still rolling in, by the way. All funds collected go to WaterAid, a charity that takes a unique approach to providing the poorest communities with potable water.
"It all came together like magic," Becky reports. She asked her friend and colleague, Nicole Skibola, to find a company that might be willing to provide matching funds to the promotion. In her role as a "Social Innovation Strategist" with Apricot Consulting in New York City, Nicole works with corporations to create and execute effective programs for social change. A former attorney, Nicole also serves as a "Social Enterprise Advisor," for the Adventure Project.
Nicole e-mailed a list of her friends and business contacts in an effort to locate a matching funds sponsor. Kathya Bustamante's name happened to be on the list from a position she previously held with UBS. Kathya, among other interests, now volunteers for TPRF as Manager of the Fundraising Team. Kathya recognized a common thread between both organizations: "Clean Water" and "Dignity." She forwarded Nicole's request to decision makers at TPRF. Within twenty-four hours, TPRF committed to providing up to $10,000 in matching funds. "Awesome," Nicole commented in an e-mail to Becky and Kathya, "the fastest foundation response in history."
One final footnote—Although TPRF agreed to provide up to $10,000 in matching funds, we surprised the girls by cutting a check for the full amount of the funds raised on World Water Day: $11,390.
"Your response was so amazing and so responsible," Becky said about TPRF's participation.
*Photos courtesy of Esther Havens for The Adventure Project


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Serexin contains a blend of 16 natural ingredients the manufacturer advertises will boost your sex drive, make your penis larger, and increase your sexual confidence.
What Is Serexin?
Serexin is a men's virility supplement which the makers claim to contain a formula of natural ingredients that promise to help support optimal sexual health, function, and overall satisfaction.
Specifically, they say you can expect improved sex drive and libido, increased staying power, improved sexual confidence, and even increased penis size.
The website tells us the formula's powerful results can revitalize your confidence and performance in the bedroom, and "boost your sex life into the stratosphere."
In this review, we'll discuss whether or not you can realistically expect results of this magnitude with Serexin. We'll also take a look at the competition and help you decide whether or not it will deliver value for the price.
Let's kick things off by learning more about the condition the formula is supposed to address.
How Does Serexin Work?
The manufacturer repeatedly explains that Serexin boosts testosterone. But, what is it and why's it so important?
Harvard Health explains that testosterone is a hormone responsible for "the deep voice, increased muscle mass, and strong bones that characterize" the male gender. It also plays roles in "the production of red blood cells by the bone marrow," as well as behaviors like aggressiveness and sex drive (libido), sperm production, and cholesterol metabolism.
At about the age of 40, however, they report that a man's testosterone production starts declining at a rate of about 1% per year, which can lead to side effects like reduced sexual drive and satisfaction, depressed mood, weakened muscles and bones, and even difficulty achieving erections in some instances.
To address these concerns, the company says Serexin's ingredients work on two fronts: they increase the body's testosterone production, while also raising its levels of nitric oxide—a molecule that helps widen blood vessels and improve circulation.
Specifically, they say the formula "boosts the flow of blood to the penile chambers," expands them, and helps "you enjoy harder, longer, and stronger erections." But, is there clinical support for these claims?
Serexin Ingredients
There isn't a supplement facts label shown on the Serexin website. We called the support number several times looking for additional insight, although we were left on hold indefinitely each time, and a representative never answered. We also sent an email to customer support but hadn't received a response as of publishing.
With these details in mind, the Ingredients page on the formula's website lists the following:
- Maca Powder
- L-Arginine
- Ginseng
- Tongkat Ali
- Sarsaparilla
- Pumpkin Seed
- Muira Puama
- Oat Straw
- Nettle
- Cayenne Pepper
- Astragalus
- Catuaba Bark
- Licorice
- Tribulus Terrestris
- Orchic
- Oyster Extract
According to the cumulative clinical evidence reported by sites like the Natural Medicines Database, WebMD, and Examine.com, the body converts l-arginine into nitric oxide. Therefore, taking 5 grams per day is listed as possibly useful for addressing erectile dysfunction, high blood pressure, and leg pain associated with poor blood flow.
Taking 200–300 mg of tongkat ali (also known as "eurycoma longifolia") per day for three to nine months may also improve male infertility and sexual desire in men.
Finally, pumpkin (10 grams per day of seeds, or 1-2 capsules of oil extract) may help symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Outside of these, however, the sites we listed above indicate there's insufficient clinical evidence to support the manufacturer's claims related to sexual performance, increased penis size, or overall satisfaction for Serexin.
Are There Potential Side Effects Related to Serexin?
WebMD, the Natural Medicines Database, and Examine.com indicate that if you experience any side effects at all from Serexin's ingredients, they probably won't be worse than mild, temporary digestive upset.
However, in some instances (no specifics provided), they indicate l-arginine can lead to allergies, airway inflammation, and low blood pressure. It can also moderately interact with medications that lower blood pressure or increase blood flow.
Ginseng may cause itching, trouble sleeping, rapid heartbeat, and nervousness, while astragalus may uncommonly cause rash, itchy skin, or nasal symptoms.
These sites list long-term licorice supplementation as "possibly unsafe," since it can "cause severe side effects including high blood pressure, low potassium levels, weakness, paralysis, and occasionally brain damage in otherwise healthy people."
Finally, they report it's unknown if muira puama, catuaba, or orchic extract are safe, or what their possible side effects might be.
To help you avoid potential side effects or medication interactions, it's essential to speak with your doctor before taking any new dietary supplements.
How Much Does Serexin Cost?
Serexin is only available directly through the manufacturer at the following prices:
- One bottle: $49.95
- Three bottles: $99.95 ($33.32 per bottle)
- Five bottles: $149.95 ($29.99 per bottle)
The single bottle option also comes with a $4.95 shipping fee, while all others include free shipping.
The manufacturer offers a 30-day refund policy on all Serexin orders, which begins the date you place your order. You can reach customer service at 888-516-7344 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
As outlined above, we unsuccessfully called this number looking for information regarding quantity and dosing. We also sent an email but hadn't received a response.
Are There Other Men's Virility & Male Enhancement Supplements Like Serexin?
There are perhaps hundreds of dietary supplements competing in the same category as Serexin, many of which include similar ingredients like tribulus, maca, ginseng, pumpkin seed, and oat straw, to name just a few.
They also promise to powerfully address low testosterone levels and boost sexual health, virility, and overall satisfaction with one-of-a-kind formulas, and to also represent the number one supplements in the category.
Here were two of the top-rated choices on Amazon at the time of our research, and how they compared:
|Number of Ingredients
|Average Amazon Rating
|24/7 Virility Testosterone Booster
|4.7 stars, 172 reviews
|Vintage Boost Testosterone Booster
|4.4 stars, 850 reviews
How can you choose the best option?
First, keep in mind that, according to Dr. Greg Sommer, founder and chief scientific officer at Trak Fertility, everything in a man's body is linked. As such, even if you successfully boost your testosterone levels using a dietary supplement, you can lose these gains by not getting enough exercise, getting insufficient sleep, or eating a less-than-stellar diet.
Related: How Food Affects Your Testosterone Levels: What to Eat and What to Avoid
Outside of this, the best choice will primarily come down to how much you want to pay, the level of emphasis you place on customer feedback, and the number of ingredients you prefer in your blends—although more ingredients don't necessarily translate into better results.
Using these as our guideline, we can see that Serexin contains the most ingredients in its formulation, comes with the highest price, and is new enough that no online customer feedback currently exists.
On the other hand, 24/7 Virility is the least expensive option in our table and contains only one less ingredient than Serexin. It also comes with mostly positive ratings among Amazon customers.
Finally, Vintage T-Booster is priced only a couple of dollars lower than Serexin but comes with half as many ingredients and nearly 900 mostly-positive Amazon customer reviews.
Our Bottom Line About Serexin
The bottom line is that Serexin comes with a higher price than a number of close competitors, a good chunk of which you can pick up for less than $20 per bottle.
Also, the product's website doesn't include a supplement facts label on the Serexin website, so even when referencing the couple of ingredients it contains that might provide noticeable benefits, you can't know if it contains the same amounts found in supporting clinical studies.
On top of this, no one answered at the toll-free number listed on the Serexin website, and no other response was given from their email address as of publishing.
Based on these factors, we think third-party testosterone supplements might deliver better value for your money, and represent less of a risk if you're dissatisfied and decide to request a refund.
>> Continue reading: 7 Ways to Naturally Increase Testosterone Levels


text:
Bristol roots reggae singer JASHWHA MOSES has lined up a long-overdue headline performance at the Fleece in Bristol.
MOSES will be performing live on 29 June alongside THE RAS BAND with support from "a surprise special guest" and PAPA ROOTS SOUND SYSTEM.
JASHWHA, formerly known as JOSHUA MOSES, is putting out a career retrospective, via Bristol Archive Records, called Joshua To Jashwha – 30 Years on 9 April, and will be dropping a brand new album No War in September.
Bristol-based Sugar Shack Records was recently rebranded and launched as a label specialising in releasing new British reggae music.
JASHWHA MOSES is one of the featured artists on the label alongside BLACK ROOTS, TALISMAN and AMJ DUB COLLECTIVE.
Upcoming TALISMAN gigs include:
BLACK ROOTS has one show coming up:


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One killed, another injured in Saturday morning crash
Rutherford County Crime Stoppers allows people to anonymously submit tips to crimes they may have witnessed. Here is how to submit a tip.
A single-vehicle crash around 6 a.m. Saturday around the 4800 block of Manchester Pike left one occupant dead and another injured, according to a Murfreesboro Police Department spokesman.
Sgt. Kyle Evans said the vehicle left the roadway and flipped, killing one occupant. The other occupant in the vehicle was flown by Life Flight to Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville. There is no information about the condition of that occupant.
The MPD FACT team is investigating the accident, which happened near the intersection of Joe B. Jackson Parkway, and specifics will be released at a later time.
Check back to dnj.com for details.


text:
Craig Fawr country lodge B & B stands in landscaped grounds of nearly 2 acres of mature gardens, the perfect place to relax while on holiday or after a hard day's work.
Our accommodation comprises three double rooms and one twin bedroom, all en-suite. The bedrooms have tea and coffee, television and wireless internet. An ironing board and hair-dryer are available for guests. There is plenty of parking space.
We offer a varied breakfast menu with cooked items from local sources as far as possible. We are happy to provide special diets and vegetarian breakfasts, and can serve guests with a packed lunch.
Adjoining the main house is Craig Fach coach house, with three further bedrooms and a kitchen diner which can be booked by those who prefer self-catering.
To find out more, phone us on 01982 553 278
Or Email us at email@example.com
Or go to our website at www.craigfawr.org.uk


text: Bob Humphrey - September 15, 2017 Timing Peak Rut In 2017 A buddy and I were drifting slowly along the shoreline, tossing bass plugs just shy of the overhanging branches when he remarked that some of the swamp maple leaves were already turning red. It was a tad early for our part of the world but not all that surprising given what a dry summer we'd had. Rut dates tend to be more consistent throughout the Northern states, while those in the South can vary tremendously, even within states. I was about to mention that when he continued, "The rut's gonna come early this year." Knowing his proclivity for defending even the most dubious assertion, I simply grunted and took another cast.We humans are forever trying to solve "the riddle of the rut," and over the years have come up with some pretty novel notions about what triggers it and when it occurs. Theories run the gamut from sunspots to solunar tables, moon phase, position overhead and proximity to earth to drought, mast crop and relative humidity. If you've tried anything and everything the whitetail pundits proclaim and still come up empty I'm about to let you in on a little secret. I'm going to tell you how you can accurately predict peak rut each and every year, regardless of what changes occur from one year to the next. Consider the SourceRather than folks who are trying to sell books and magazine articles, gadgets, calendars or widgets designed to help predict the rut, I went to an unbiased source: the biologists who work for all our state wildlife agencies. They want to know when peak rut occurs purely for the sake of science, and it's empirical scientific techniques they've been using since the dawn of wildlife management to determine the exact dates. Texas is a big state, but if you wanted to, you could travel around and hit peak rut somewhere from late September almost to year's end. So, to get an accurate and unbiased assessment, I contacted deer biologists from every state and province where whitetails occur. Here's what they and I found. Like so much of the whitetail's daily and annual routine, timing of the fall breeding season is determined by — drum roll please — photoperiodism, or changes in the amount of daylight. Furthermore, because those changes occur at the same rate and time every year, so does the rut (with very little exception). What follows are some general guidelines from states that responded to my query. If you want more specific details for your particular area, simply call up your state biologist and ask. The Northern rut has been tuned by natural selection. Fawns must be born late enough that there is sufficient food to support them and their nursing mothers, but early enough that they will have matured enough to survive their first winter. Before we continue, it should be noted that peak rut and peak breeding are not the same thing. The rut includes all breeding behavior: scrape making, rubbing, seeking, chasing and breeding. Peak rut to a hunter is when breeding related movement (seeking and chasing) reaches its height. To a biologist, peak breeding is a relatively narrow window (7-10 days) when the majority of adult does are bred. Hunters sometimes refer to it as the lockdown, as deer movement abates considerably. What follows are peak breeding dates. If you want to know when peak rutting activity is likely to occur, just back up a week or so.NORTHEAST Maine – November 17-23 for mature does, followed a week later by yearling does. New Brunswick — Onset around November 8-10, followed by a surge around November 17-19, and peak breeding from November 26-29. Vermont — Third week of November. Massachusetts — Latter half of the second week of November. New Jersey — November 3-23 for adult deer; November 17 through December 7 for fawns. New York — Mid-November. (Sorry, that's all they would tell me). Delaware — November 10-20. Pennsylvania — A few days either side of November 14. Maryland — November 1-15. Virginia — Just after mid-November. West Virginia — November 8 through November 14. EAST-CENTRAL Ohio — November 3-23 Indiana — "Same as surrounding states." Kentucky — Middle two weeks of November, but may vary from 3 to 7 days from west to east, earlier in west. Tennessee — November 21 in the West, November 25 in the East and November 17 in the two Central regions. Minnesota — Week of November 12. THE HEARTLAND Illinois — November 10-20. Iowa — November 8-15. Missouri — November 16. Kansas — Mid-November. Arkansas — November 18 with a standard deviation of ±15 days. THE WEST Montana — mid to late November. Colorado — November 1-15. SOUTH ATLANTIC North Carolina — Statewide: average peak rut is around November 15; Lower Coastal Plain on October 25; Upper Coast Plain on November 1; Piedmont on November 15; Foothills on November 21; Mountains on November 11/28. South Carolina — Last week in October and the first week in November. Florida — Highly variable, varying from as early as late July in the extreme South to mid-February in the Northwest. THE DEEP SOUTH Georgia — Varies across state (see map). Alabama — Northern half fromChristmas until mid-January; Southern half from mid-January to first week of February; Black Belt will have a mid-January rut. Mississippi — Northwest from December 6-13; South-Central onDecember 27; Central on January 6; Southeast from January 20-31. Louisiana — Northwest on November 28; Southwest on October 29; East on January 26; Southeast on December 26. Texas Gulf Prairies and Marshes — Northern study area on September 30; Southern area on October 31. Post Oak Savannah — November 10. Pineywoods — Northern on November 22; Southern on November 12. Cross Timbers — November 15-17. Rolling Plains — North on December 3; South on November 20. Edwards Plateau - East on November 7; Central on November 24; West on December 5. Trans-Pecos — December 8. South Texas Plains — East on December 16; West on December 24. The RestAs for the rest, you'll have to fill in the blanks yourself. From the mid-Atlantic through the Midwest and North, peak rut is fairly consistent. It gets more confusing and varied in the South. If all else fails, as noted above, you can always call the local state biologist and ask. Then mark your calender for this year and the next, and the next because it won't change. After that you still need to know how to hunt different periods of the rut; but we'll save that for another day. GET THE NEWSLETTER Join the List and Never Miss a Thing. Sign Me Up


text:
First, in California, where it is threating wine grower's grape crop.
A record cold snap in Mendocino County over the weekend caused little damage to wine grapes but chilled the hearts of farmers who already have suffered huge losses this year.
Temperatures dropped to 31 degrees in the Ukiah Valley on Saturday night and early Sunday morning, the coldest Oct. 12 morning since record keeping began in Ukiah in 1893, said Troy Nicolini, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service in Eureka. The previous record was 34 degrees in 1916.
Farmers in Redwood Valley and other cooler regions in Mendocino County reported temperatures as low as 27 degrees.
An estimated 30 percent to 50 percent of that county's wine grape crop had yet to be harvested when the frost hit, killing the tops of unprotected vines and effectively freezing the ripening process.
Next is Alaska, where glaciers grew record amounts this year.
"In mid-June, I was surprised to see snow still at sea level in Prince William Sound," said U.S. Geological Survey glaciologist Bruce Molnia. "On the Juneau Icefield, there was still 20 feet of new snow on the surface of the Taku Glacier in late July. At Bering Glacier, a landslide I am studying, located at about 1,500 feet elevation, did not become snow free until early August.
Never before in the history of a research project dating back to 1946 had the Juneau Icefield witnessed the kind of snow buildup that came this year. It was similar on a lot of other glaciers too.


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To Thomas Jefferson from Albert Gallatin, 5 April 1804
From Albert Gallatin
Washington 5th April 1804
Dear Sir
I sincerely hope that you have, on your arrival, found Mrs. Eppes in a fair way of recovering. The weather and city have been gloomy enough since your departure; and Mrs G. is anxious that I should take her to New York. If I can possibly complete in time the business and arrangements resulting from the laws of last session, I will try to do it early enough to be back here when you shall return.
Messrs. Duponceau, Barnwell & Lomax have been written to. Nothing new in this dept., beyond the mere routine of business.
I enclose some very lengthy, though crude and ill arranged observations on Dr Stevens's claim. Yet the argument drawn from his mission not being to the authorised Govt. of a foreign nation, appears to me conclusive to prove the impropriety of applying to that object, the monies appropd. for intercourse with foreign nations. And the more I have considered the case, the more have I been convinced that it was a claim Sui generis, a decision on which could affect no other; that none of a similar kind in all its parts had ever been admitted by mere executive authority, and that it seemed to be in a peculiar manner, one that wanted legislative sanction. He called on me last Sunday and I mentioned my opinion to him, he rather acquiesced except in that which related to the evidence of a contract. On that part of the subject I might have added some further observations.
With sincere respect and attachment Your obedt. Servt.
Albert Gallatin
Enclosed you will also find copies of all the papers in the Treasury which relate to Dr. Stevens's claim.
RC (DLC); at foot of text: "The President of the United States"; endorsed by TJ as received from the Treasury Department on 9 Apr. and "Dr. Stevens" and so recorded in SJL. Enclosures: (1) Edward Stevens to Madison, Philadelphia, 2 Apr. 1802, submitting his claim against the government for expenses incurred during his mission to Saint-Domingue, including expenses for passage on the ship Kingston, the hire of vessels to carry dispatches, travel expenses for public business, advances to American seamen, house rent and living expenses, and the salary of a secretary; and enclosing a statement of his account with the United States, from 10 Mch. 1799 to 25 Sep. 1801, totaling $27,325. (2) William Thornton as justice of the peace for Washington County, District of Columbia, 7 Jan. 1804, certifying that Stevens appeared before him and testified under oath that the 2 Apr. 1802 statement of accounts "is just and true, except that the household expences are herein much under-rated" and that he had received no reimbursements for any part of the account. (3) Timothy Pickering to Stevens, Danvers, Massachusetts, 23 Mch. 1802, enclosing a statement encouraging the acceptance of Stevens's claim, noting that he transmitted intelligence and made "voyages and Journies to different Ports & places of the Colony, to negotiate & transact affairs that were highly interesting to the United States;—the very nature of those cases precludes, in my view, all doubt as to the propriety and justice of his claim"; Pickering explains that while Stevens "was to superintend & protect the Commerce of the Citizens of the United States with St. Domingo; yet from the peculiar circumstances of that Island, his duties were ever considered as essentially Ministerial." (4) Deposition by James Yard, who appeared before Clement Biddle, notary public, in Philadelphia, 2 Apr. 1802, and swore that he had formed an agreement with the U.S. government on Stevens's behalf with the understanding that the mission "must of necessity be accompanied with very heavy personal expences" that would be reimbursed by the government; to Yard's inquiry as to the necessity of an appropriation by Congress, Pickering replied that there was an annual sum of some $20,000 "granted to the President out of which the said expences might be paid." (5) Receipt signed by J. Selle, Cap-Français, indicating that on 7 May 1799, Stevens paid him $2,000, by a bill of exchange on William Cramond, for the charter of the schooner Esperance to carry dispatches to Philadelphia. (6) Receipt signed by Pierre Jarnan, Cap-Français, 4 June 1799, acknowledging Stevens's payment of $2,000, by a draft on Yard, for the charter of the schooner Liberty to carry dispatches to Philadelphia. (7) Certificate signed by Stephen Minor, commander of the schooner Sophia, Cap-Français, 8 Oct. 1799, acknowledging that Stevens had paid him $2,050, by a bill of exchange on Cramond for $2,000 and $50 in cash, to compensate for losses sustained by the condemnation of his vessel and cargo in April 1799; Minor agrees to reimburse Stevens as soon as he receives compensation as promised from Toussaint-Louverture. (8) Statement by Stevens, Washington, 10 Jan. 1803, describing the circumstances that led to the $2,050 payment to Minor; he notes that the suit was not settled before he left the island; he includes an account of the value of the Sophia and its cargo when taken 15 Apr. 1799, totaling $5,521.91. (9) Minor to Stevens, Cap-Français, 8 Oct. 1799, with instructions in case his property is restored. (10) Minor to Stevens, Wilmington, Delaware, 18 Aug. 1800, requesting that Stevens pressure Toussaint to fulfill his promise and restore his property. (11) Karrick & Percival to Stevens, undated, requesting passage money due on a voyage. (12) Receipt signed by Karrick & Percival, 24 Sep. 1801, acknowledging Stevens's payment of $600 "in full for Passage of himself & Family" from Cap-Français. (13) Receipt signed by John Thomas Carré, in French, 14 Aug. 1801, acknowledging payments by Stevens of $1,600 for salary. (14) Pickering to Yard, Philadelphia, 5 Nov. 1801, noting that he cannot recollect the agreement cited by Yard that the expenses of Stevens's mission "should be defrayed by the Government"; "Two things are certain," Pickering notes: that Stevens's agency "was rather ministerial than Consular" and that the arrangements "were concerted with the Government by you"; he recalls that Stevens "seemed to me to be the most suitable person, and indeed the only one to be found, to whom the important and difficult mission to St. Domingo could be entrusted"; Pickering reviews Stevens's qualifications and accomplishments because of "the numerous slanders to which this mission to St Domingo has given rise"; he again expresses regret "that I have not a recollection of the stipulations, or assurance, relative to his expences"; he hopes the government will reimburse Stevens. (15) Pickering to Stevens, Washington, 16 Dec. 1803; he reviews the strained relations between the United States and France in 1798 and 1799, which led to Stevens's mission to restore commerce with Saint-Domingue; the uncommon mission "demanded sagacity, firmness, address, a knowledge of the French language—in a word, the very talents & qualities which you appeared exclusively to possess"; frequent conferences with Toussaint were indispensable; public duties engrossed all of Stevens's time; in the settlement of accounts with the United States, Pickering notes, "you ought to be considered, what you were in fact, as their Minister; and as such entitled to receive the amount of all your expences incurred in your mission," including living expenses, "as your Office rendered indispensable a style of living, and a hospitality, suited to a public Minister"; but with regard to salary, Pickering advises, "you ask none: the chance of emolument from Commercial transactions came in its place." (16) Stevens to Richard Harrison, auditor of the Treasury, Washington, 7 Jan. 1803; submits his testimony under oath, along with that of his private secretary in Saint-Domingue, who "was perfectly acquainted with the nature and content of my expenses there," to be included with the other documents recently submitted. (17) John N. D'Arcy to Stevens, Philadelphia, 1 Jan. 1804; D'Arcy, who was secretary to Stevens at Saint-Domingue, encloses a certificate of the various expenditures incurred by Stevens during his residence in Saint-Domingue; it does not include all of the expenditures, which exceeded $9,000 per year; he does not include expenditures for wine, which could not have been less than $4,000, as his "hospitable house was the daily resort of public Characters as well as of private Citizens." (18) Deposition by D'Arcy, given before Biddle, Philadelphia, 2 Jan. 1803 [i.e. 1804], testifying that Stevens "expended for his Journeys on account of the American Government and in his household expences in St Domingo" not less than $7,241 in 1799, $8,216 in 1800, and $7,751 to August 1801, according to the record kept by D'Arcy; the expenditures included $450 for the hire of a French schooner to carry dispatches to General Thomas Maitland, $400 for sea stores on the outward passage in the ship Kingston, and $1,200 per year for house rent; D'Arcy also notes the $2,000 payment to Captain Minor "by order of Genl. Toussaint," which had not been repaid as promised. (19) Harrison to Madison, 7 Jan. 1804, submitting Stevens's papers and inquiring "whether the depositions of Dr. Stevens & his private Secretary may be received in lieu of the vouchers generally required, & which it is not usual to dispense with at the Treasury without authority from the head of the proper Department" (see Madison, Papers, Sec. of State Ser. description begins William T. Hutchinson, Robert A. Rutland, J. C. A. Stagg, and others, eds., The Papers of James Madison, Chicago and Charlottesville, 1962- , 39 vols.; Sec. of State Ser., 1986- , 11 vols.; Pres. Ser., 1984- , 8 vols.; Ret. Ser., 2009- , 3 vols. description ends , 6:315). (20) Madison to Harrison, 9 Jan. 1804, replying that as "these Depositions constitute an higher grade of proof than has been admitted in some other instances of a similar nature, they seem to be sufficient to establish the reality of the expenditures for which they are produced" (see same, 6:326). (21) Harrison to Gabriel Duvall, comptroller of the Treasury, 11 Jan. 1804; he has examined and adjusted Stevens's accounts from 10 Mch. 1799 to 25 Sep. 1801, and finds that the United States owes him $27,325, including $2,125 for the relief and protection of American seamen; he encloses for the decision of the comptroller the statement and documents on which the report is based, including "A dissection of the account of Doctor Edward Stevens," itemizing $17,800 in "Household & personal expenses," $7,400 in "Travelling & Contingent expenses," including the secretary's salary, and $2,125 for relief of American seamen, noting that the money advanced to Minor "was in reality (according to the Statement of Doctor Stephens) to relieve him from debts incurred by his detention and to enable him & his crew to get home, & without which they would have Suffered extreme distress, & perhaps have perished." All Trs in DLC, consisting of a single transcript in a clerk's hand; endorsed by Gallatin: "Documents"; endorsed by TJ as received "Apr. 04." and "Stevens's case."
duponceau: TJ was considering Philadelphia attorney Peter S. Du Ponceau for a judgeship in Orleans Territory (Madison, Papers, Sec. of State Ser. description begins William T. Hutchinson, Robert A. Rutland, J. C. A. Stagg, and others, eds., The Papers of James Madison, Chicago and Charlottesville, 1962- , 39 vols.; Sec. of State Ser., 1986- , 11 vols.; Pres. Ser., 1984- , 8 vols.; Ret. Ser., 2009- , 3 vols. description ends , 7:301-2; Appendix II).


text: Here is a new (second) poll to replace the one from a few years ago. I will define "zoo" in the broadest term to include aquariums, safari parks, exotic animal sanctuaries, etc. Edit - this time I am allowing the option to change your vote if you get to a higher number in the future.