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I put Facebook in the same category as the haunted house down the street. Interesting and amusing, while at the same time weird and creepy.
Of late, I rarely go on Facebook. My daughter is pretty ordinary and I have no cats, so there's no point, really. Yet, occasionally I'll pop on to collect an e-mail address or phone number, and immediately get sucked into reading posts. It's comparable to taking a power drill to my ego.
Who knew I had so many "friends" with such gifted children or amusing animals? It makes me wonder: are ordinary folks allowed to post on Facebook?


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Tropical Immunity Blast Smoothie
Thick and refreshing, this tropically tinged smoothie is a powerful system fortifier.
1 Banana, frozen
1 cup Strawberries or Mango Chunks, frozen
2 Tbsp Navitas Organics Hemp Seeds
1 Tbsp Coconut Butter
1 scoop Navitas Organics Daily Immunity Boost
1 ½ cup Water
Place all ingredients in a blender, whiz up and enjoy!
Optional: Make it green by adding two giant handfuls of spinach and half teaspoon spirulina.
Submitted by Meredith Rosenbluth

subset: commoncrawl


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Full article here
As a 10-year-old reading Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, I had but one wish: that I, too, would soon receive an owl from Hogwarts, a letter of acceptance that could rescue me from my boring life as a Muggle. It wasn't just Harry's magical adventures that appealed to me. It was his schoolwork: Learning to turn beetles into buttons with Professor McGonagall and befriending hippogriffs with Hagrid sounded like a definite step up from arithmetic and American history. (I even threw a Hogwarts-themed party in which my friends and I completed fictional assignments while my mom did her best impersonation of Professor Trelawney.)
Now a group of intrepid Harry Potter fans have made my childhood wish come true, creating a website called Hogwarts Is Here, where you can take free, online classes in the same subjects studied by Harry, Ron, and Hermione.
The website works as a sort of cross between a MOOC (massive open online course) and an RPG (a role-playing game, like Dungeons & Dragons). You start by creating an account and choosing a house. (No sorting hat here, unfortunately.) I went with Ravenclaw, which seemed fitting for an optional intellectual endeavor. I wasn't alone in that decision: Ravenclaw is the second most popular house (after Gryffindor, of course) and has the most house points (which you gain by completing assignments).
Once you enroll at the virtual Hogwarts, you can join a dorm, buy books from Flourish and Blotts, and even write for The Daily Owl. Though you might be drawn in by these social trappings, the curriculum itself is surprisingly rigorous. As a first year student, you are expected to complete seven courses: Charms, Potions, Defense Against the Dark Arts, Astronomy, Herbology, History of Magic, and Transfiguration. Every course consists of nine lessons, each of which involves a written introduction, some supplemental reading, and a number of assignments.


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Legacy Real Estate Group and Nicole Marburger have a proven track record of selling unique homes and properties in the surrounding Austin area. With deep ties throughout Austin, the team at Legacy Real Estate Group reaches out to a fantastic 'network of notables' to spread the word about all of the listings. More than just a syndicated MLS listing and some nice marketing materials, it's often the relationships that move a property. If you're thinking of selling, call Legacy Real Estate Group today!
If you are considering or ready to sell your home in Austin, Legacy Real Estate Group can provide a full spectrum of skills and expertise to achieve the highest price in the shortest time frame. Beyond simply selling your home we will make the process stress free & rewarding as well. Legacy Real Estate Group has a unique marketing plan that will bring qualified buyers to your home in record time. Whether your potential buyer is out of state, in another country, or right next door we will provide unparalleled marketing to target them.
We hold ourselves to the highest standard of professionalism and customer service in the real estate industry. From start to finish your personal satisfaction is our top priority and through the following methods we believe we will not only meet but exceed your expectations.
Your needs are our top priority! We promise to provide the service agreed to in the ways that work best for you, in our initial consultation we will discuss what method and times of communication are best. We must have clear communication with our clients through the entire process, as we know it can be very overwhelming and confusing at times. Our job is to simplify the entire process for you and make your great experience something to tell your friends and family about.
Legacy Real Estate Group will keep you informed through the entire process. We will inform you of all marketing efforts, offers, negotiations, and final details until your successful closing occurs.
Legacy Real Estate Group always strives to get you the highest amount for your home while keeping the big picture in mind. Therefore, your home will be priced right, adjusted as needed, and will sell quickly. We are highly educated on properly pricing homes to sell and we have all the information you need at our fingertips.
Legacy Real Estate Group owner, Nicole Marburger, has lived in the Austin area over 20 years and puts her knowledge of the city and surrounding areas to work for you every day. We will continually follow the market in your specific area and update you on anything which may affect your home sale. We will know the local eateries, parks, schools, grocery stores, and much more to market your home and area to qualified buyers.
Legacy Real Estate Group has a variety of technology tools that set us apart from the rest. Not only do we scrape the surface but we dig deep to ensure your home is gaining the exposure it deserves 24 hours a day 7 days a week! With your permission we will take your listing to the next level of marketing through technology.
Legacy Real Estate Group is founded on principles of trust and integrity. Our name is a statement of what we want for each client; we want to leave a legacy with each client we work with and we want the buying/selling of your home to be a legacy which you cherish as well. Your satisfaction is our #1 goal at all times; from start to finish we are there for you and your needs are our top priority. Our success depends on the level of satisfaction we leave you with and we want to be your lifetime real estate agent not only for yourself but also who you refer to your friends, family, and colleagues.
If you are ready to take the next steps toward selling your home, contact us today and let Legacy Real Estate Group get to work for you!


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|Quest Info
|Put an end to the World-Eater.
|Hall of Valor, Sovngarde
|Call of Valor (Dragon Shout)
Quick Walkthrough
Meet with the heroes of Sovngarde.
Coordinate your shouts to clear Alduin's mist.
Defeat the World-Eater in combat.
Detailed Walkthrough
Head outside with your new companions, past the bone bridge and to the edge of the mist. What you need to do here is use the shout Clear Skies, which will also make your fellow dragonslayer's use it as well. Do this a total of three times to finally clear the valley of the accursed mist.
With the mist gone, Alduin will come to face you. With a four vs. one fight, you should have plenty of distraction to afford yourself time to heal when you must, as Alduin's breath is strong. The fight is very similar to the one at the Throat of the World in every other regard: your main goal in this fight is to land the shout Dragonrend on Alduin whenever he's hovering. This will bring him down and allow your companions and you to damage him much easier.
Keep your health up and keep landing Dragonrend and through time you will defeat him. Note that unlike other dragons, Alduin's death is much, much more dramatic and doesn't grant you a soul. You also won't have a carcass to loot, even though I saw the words search Alduin when he was dead! You can hit the 'X' button to try and loot him, but you'll be unable to)…
Instead, talk to Tsun, who will reward you with a new shout and all its words of power: Call of Valor - Hero, Champion, Legend.
One press will call forth Gormlaith Golden-Hilt, holding it a bit longer will call forth Felldir the Old, and holding it down all the way for a bit will call forth Hakon One-Eye. When you're ready, Tsun will send you back to Skyrim.
And with that you've defeated the Main Questline of Skyrim. Of course, you and I both know there is much, much more to do. One look at your quest log would tell you that. So please, pursue the rest of the guide to your hearts content, but most importantly have fun.
Note: Just as a recap, once you get back to Skyrim you'll be put at the Throat of the World. Here, Odahviing will eventually come tell you that he recognizes your power, and that if you wish you may call him and he will come to your aid if he can.
Congratulations on beating The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim!
We hope you enjoyed using our guide!


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I stamped this cute, simple Valentine's Day rose design using Born Pretty stamping plates and finished off the look with Swarovski's Crystalpixie Petite on the feature nail for added sparkle.
I have provided the video tutorial below and have also written step-by-step instructions.
YouTube Video Tutorial
If you would like to support my new channel, you can follow the link below and click the subscribe button. 🙂
Step 1
As always, I started by applying my F.U.N Lacquer "Triple 5" base coat and waited for it to dry. I then applied two coats of Superchic Lacquer's "Rosebuddy" to my forefinger nail and my pinky nail. On my middle nail and thumbnail, I applied three coats of F.U.N Lacquer's "Precious Moment" pale pink glitter polish. On the fourth nail, I applied two coats of silver polish.
Step 2
Before I started stamping, I applied a coat of quick dry glossy top coat to all my nails. Next, I took this rose pattern from Born Pretty"s BP-L046 stamping plate and stamped it with black stamping polish.
I then carefully filled in the design while it was still on the stamper.
Once the pattern was filled in with colour, I applied liquid latex around the cuticle of my pointer finger and then applied a thin coat of nail foil glue to the nail. when the glue turned clear, I then stamped the design directly to my nail and peeled up any excess along with the liquid latex.
**Alternatively, if you do not have nail foil glue, you can just add a top coat to the design whilst it is on the stamper to create a decal. Then, all you need to do is apply a layer of top coat to the nail, and while it is still wet, peel up the decal from the stamper and stick it directly onto the nail.**
I cleaned up any excess polish from my cuticle that was missed by the liquid latex with a cleanup brush dipped in acetone, and then applied a non-smear stamping top coat to seal in the design.
I repeated this design onto the pinky nail.
Step 3
On the middle nail, I stamped this "Love" design, from Born Pretty's BPX-L014 stamping plate, with black stamping polish.
Since I wasn't reverse stamping, I didn't need to use the foil glue, as the stamping polish was still wet enough to transfer onto the nail.
Step 4
On the feature nail, I applied a thick coat of Barry M's Plumpy top coat and sprinkled Swarovski's Crystalpixie Petite (in the colour "Cute Mood") directly over the nail.
I had created a tray out of card to place under the nail so that it would catch the loose crystals, which could then be poured back into the bottle using the funnel provided.
Once the nail was covered, I carefully pushed the crystals into place and cleaned up around the edges of the nail. I also filled in any gaps by dabbing a small blob of top coat to the nail with a small dotting tool and manually adding some of the loose crystals from the tray. Once I was happy with the way the crystals sat on the nail, I made them more secure by adding some more top coat around the edges. I don't recommend applying top coat directly over the crystals, as this would take away some of the sparkle and texture that makes them so pretty.
Many nail artists suggest only using gel polish to set these kinds of crystals, but I have found that they can still last long periods of time just by using a good top coat. You can find my full Swarovski Crystalpixie review and durability test here.
Step 5
Lastly, I used this wavy abstract pattern from Born Pretty's BP-L078 Stamping Plate, to stamp on my thumbnail in silver polish.
Then, I added a coat of non-smear glossy top coat by MoYou London.
This is the finished result:
To get updates on new nail art, you can follow me on the platforms below:
Twitter: https://twitter.com/NailsFS\_21
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/nailsfromscratch\_21/?hl=en
Product List
• Born Pretty: BP-L046 Stamping Plate.
• Born Pretty: BPX-L014 Stamping Plate.
• Born Pretty: BP-L078 Stamping Plate.
• F.U.N Lacquer: Premium Nail Treatment "Triple 5".
• Barry M: Wet Set Top Coat.
• MoYou London: Non-smear Stamping Top Coat.
• Barry M: Plumpy Top Coat.
• Cuticula: Scented Nail Tape "Harvest Moon".
• XKJ – Nail Foil Glue.
• F.U.N Lacquer: Valentine's Collection "Precious Moment".
• Superchic Lacquer: Urban Dictionary Collection "Rosebuddy".
• Superchic Lacquer: Dreamology Collection "No Rest For The Wicked".
• Born Pretty: #3 Black Stamping Polish.
• Born Pretty: #2 Silver Stamping Polish.
• Born Pretty: #21 Pink Stamping Polish.
• Swarovski: Crystalpixie Petite "Cute Mood".


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Notify me when available
Beautiful sterling silver sea urchin necklace. Timeless and elegant, this necklace is perfect for the everyday wear. For Jenny, it is filled with memories of beach holidays and rock pool fishing!
This piece was designed in London and has been handcrafted using traditional lost wax casting, and hallmarked by the London Assay Office. Please read our Jewellery Care guide to make sure your piece of handcrafted jewellery lasts for many years!
Designed by Jenny Kinnear
Solid Sterling Silver
15mm x 15mm


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Your commercial weight bench storage seat plays with the same function as a bench vanity. It may be used to store things and additionally, it enhances the attractiveness of your bench. That is the reason why in deciding upon the design of this type of storage from the bench, you have to make certain that you understand what's going to be seat be utilized. If the bench will be used mainly to sit along with the storage function is two, make sure that the layout is encouraging the relaxation when individuals sitting on it. It can have very large seating area possibly with pillow to make it more comfortable. Beside of that you may also add little cushions in the seat so that if you sit on the seat, you can feel more relaxation.
The very best thing about porcelain tiles is it may withstand moisture and stains. So, water will not harm the tiles and nothing else could leave blot in the surface of the porcelain. Beside of this, it is also quite easy to wash and if there is a crack on the surface of the ceramic tile round the sink, so it is going to not be as noticeable. That's why in protecting the sink region using backsplash tile, pick the backsplash tiles made out of porcelain. It'll be the ideal solution for such a moist location. The tiles will continue from the sink more than you may ever anticipate. The toilet sink backsplash is likely to create your sink looks neater also.
Sections: commercial grade weight bench, commercial quality weight bench, commercial weight bench manufacturers, commercial weight bench used, commercial weight bench with leg extension


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Looking for rich business directory?
Opentag Business Directory is a free business directory to submit your business website link. Enrich your business, just by submitting your business link in Opentag Business Directory . Opentag Business Directory SEO friendly design the maximum traffic and less spam for your website(s) as a result you enjoy a quicker progress for your businesses.
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Submit your listing in this category.
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business listing can be enjoying for you in Opentag Business Directory. Do not hesitate to enjoy a mountaining Online Directory for your business with excellence and eminence. Do not miss this great chance to connect with the Global Business Listing. This business directory site can help expanding your business immensely in a positive way. So, Please, stop browsing and do submit your business quickly.


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It's 4 easy steps
If you're breaking through barriers and pushing back boundaries in your business, then you could be due Research and Development Tax Relief.
We Research:
Our expert teams unearth the hidden value of your work.
We Review:
HMRC needs to understand your vision. We speak their language.
We Deliver:
We prepare and submit your claim – and back it up with rock-solid evidence.
We Support:
We fight your corner until your claim's paid.
How much does it costs to claim R&D Tax Credits?
- We don't charge unless you receive a benefit, so it's risk-free for you.
- Our fee covers a completely end-to-end service. We don't tie you into fixed-term agreements and there are no hidden extras.
We charge our fee as a percentage of the benefit you receive. And you only pay after you've received your payable credit and/or Corporation Tax reduction
Our technical teams specialise in hunting down all your qualifying R&D costs and turning them into a serious financial boost for your business.Get in touch


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Why Jesus and the Holy Spirit Met Me in Person at the Singapore Airport
Pastor Reg Morais says he was about to quit the ministry. He was at the Changi International Airport in Singapore and had told his parents he was going to stop pastoring and become a full-time businessman. Then he suddenly saw Jesus appear on his right and the Holy Spirit on his left. He says they both spoke to him for 15 minutes. Why did they appear to him? Morais explains in this video.


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By Zhao Minghao Source: Global Times Published: 2017-10-15
The US guided missile destroyer USS Chafee entered territorial waters near China`s Xisha Islands on Tuesday in pursuit of so-called freedom of navigation operations without permission from the Chinese government. The US violated Chinese and international law. China immediately dispatched military vessels and aircraft to warn the US ship to leave.
Although the Korean Peninsula has become the focus of international public opinion, this event once again shows that the South China Sea dispute is still the key issue affecting the security of the Asia-Pacific region. As US President Donald Trump will visit Asia next month, the South China Sea will probably become even more restless.
During former president Barack Obama`s time in office, the US navy carried out four such operations, while this was also the fourth since Trump took office in January. In August, the USS John S. McCain entered waters within 12 nautical miles of Meiji Reef, part of the Nansha Islands. In the next few months, the US will probably carry out one or two more such operations.
US military operations in the South China Sea are becoming more routine. Senior officials of the Pentagon and the US Pacific Command have greater autonomy over such military operations than during the Obama administration. The US Department of Defense has reportedly set a timetable for these operations in the South China Sea. US Pacific Fleet Commander Scott Swift has said that "We are on track to conduct over 900 ship days of operations this year in the South China Sea."
The US is quietly strengthening its military deployment, highlighting its military presence in the region through freedom of navigation operations. This complicates Sino-US relations and ratchets up the tension. There are three main reasons the US is doing this.
First, Trump will visit Vietnam in November and may also attend the ASEAN summit in the Philippines. Washington wants to showcase its commitment to safeguarding the security of the South China Sea to Southeast Asian countries increasingly concerned about the "America first" policy adopted by the Trump administration. The US president`s visit is often a catalyst for actions aimed at releasing foreign policy signals.
Second, China and ASEAN hope to negotiate a code of conduct for the South China Sea that the US hopes to influence. In August, China and ASEAN reached a deal on a framework for the code and their next step will be to negotiate specific terms. Some US think tank experts have suggested the US launch an Asia-Pacific maritime code of conduct with Japan, India and Australia to ensure its dominance of maritime security.
Third, relations are warming between China and Southeast Asian countries, making Washington nervous. Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte`s government has resumed bilateral dialogue with China over the South China Sea dispute. In addition, tensions between Vietnam and China on the issue are well controlled.
Challenges to China-US relations in the South China Sea, however, do not only derive from the US, but also come from Japan, Australia, Indonesia and other countries. In January, the Japan Coast Guard announced it would launch a special project to provide training and technical assistance for Southeast Asian countries in dealing with maritime security issues. In September, a fleet of six Australian warships with more than 1,200 defense force personnel carried out operations in the sea. Canberra hopes to help Washington contain Beijing while the US is focused on North Korea. It was the Australian navy`s largest military operation in 30 years.
Indonesia vigorously seeks control of the Natuna Islands, increasing its military presence in the past year. The Indonesian government recently named a section of the disputed waters the "North Natuna Sea."
It is said the White House is conducting a comprehensive review of US policy toward China in preparing for Trump`s November visit. With regard to the South China Sea, Washington needs to come up with a sensible strategy rather than letting "freedom of navigation" operations undermine trust and cooperation between the two countries.
The author is a visiting fellow at the Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at Renmin University of China.
Key Words:South China Sea US ASEAN Zhao Minghao


text: Celadon Tea Set 1 Celadon Tea Set 1 Call for single item prices. Special order, process in 2-3 weeks. Price: $72.00Out of Stock2014-10-18T0:20emilyCategorized in Tea Pots, Tea Cups & SetsRelated Products Bluebire Teapot IMG_2268 Price: $48.00 2019-09-16T20:42 by emily Green Floral Plate IMG_7524 This whimsical plate design (approx. 7 in diameter) has matching mugs and bowls. Price: $18.00 2017-09-18T22:06 by emily Celadon floral plate IMG_6006 Medium Green Celadon floral plate. Buff stoneware. Price: $16.00 2016-03-24T22:30 by emily


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No warrants to be issued against mall security guards | News
(WXIA) -- A Dekalb County Judge ruled late Monday night against issuing arrest warrants for three security guards involved in a fight at Stonecrest Mall.
In June, 11Alive News first brought you shocking images of security guards from Stonecrest Mall fighting with teens.
The video very clearly shows the guards pummeling the teen, but what cannot be determined is who started the fight – and that is why police have yet to file any charges against the guards.
Monday night, the teen's family took matters into their own hands. They presented their case in a probable cause hearing.
The family's attorney Muwali Davis argued the video speaks for itself.
Ultimately, Judge Howard Indermark felt there was too much conflicting evidence for him to issue arrest warrants.
"We have a snippet of a video that the court recognizes does show unprofessional behavior on the part of the security guards," Judge Indermark said.
"The judge said there was a conflict of evidence, if there's a conflict of evidence that should be sorted out at trial, not at this stage," Davis said.
Ken Hodges, who represented the three security guards, points out that despite an investigation by the Dekalb County Police Department, no charges were ever filed against his clients.
"It's clearly posturing for a civil lawsuit," said Ken Hodges, who represented the three security guards. "It's a waste of government resources and the court has more important things to deal with."


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Upgrading RAM (Random Access Memory) is one of the simplest and cheapest ways of upgrading your PC or laptop.
The more RAM you have within your PC, the more 'room' your PC has to manoeuver information quickly and efficiently. This step-by-step guide aims to make the process of upgrading your RAM as easy and efficient as possible.
Step One – Establish How Much RAM Is Currently Installed
In order to find out how much RAM you have installed in your PC you'll need to follow these steps…
- Open 'System' by clicking the start or Windows button.
- Click 'Computer'
- Right-click on 'Computer' and select 'Properties'
Once properties has opened you should be able to see how much 'Installed Memory (RAM)' you have.
Step Two – What's Compatible With Your PC?
All computers are made up of a main circuit board called the 'motherboard'. The motherboard contains slots that you will plug your RAM into.
First thing to do is to establish what model of motherboard is in your machine. You can do this by looking for the model number on the board itself.
Once you've found the model number, a quick search in Google should tell you what RAM is compatible with that motherboard.
Factors that come into play are things such as:
'Is my RAM DDR3, DDR2 or DDR4?'
'Does my motherboard accept SIMM (single in-line memory module) or DIMM (dual in-line memory module)?'
Each different variation of RAM has a slightly different installation method so be sure you understand whether you need SIMM or DIMM.
Step Three – How Many GB's Do You Need?
Before choosing the amount of RAM you need, you need to establish what the main uses are for your PC.
If you're a gamer then take a look at this guide here. We'd recommend you select at least 8GB.
If you're going to be using your PC for browsing the web and opening word documents then 4GB is more than enough, plus you can find this RAM for a relatively small cost these days. Check out this 4GB DDR3 RAM from Crucial.
Step Four – Preparing Your PC
Before you start playing around with the internals of your PC, make sure that all external devices are disconnected and that your PC is turned off but plugged into a surge protector.
To reduce static electricity work on a non-carpeted area or grab yourself one of these anti-static wristbands.
Step Five – Install The New RAM
When you remove the cover of your PC, be sure to take photos of the internals to ensure that when you put everything back together the components are in the correct place.
You'll see the existing RAM slotted into the motherboard, you have a choice of whether the new RAM will slot in alongside it (if you have spare slots) or if you're going to replace the old RAM all together.
Firmly place the memory card into the motherboard slot. Please note: different types of memory have different installation instructions so be sure to check the manufacturers handbook.
Step Six – Try Out Your New RAM
Before you put the cover back on your machine, plug in your monitor, mouse and keyboard and turn on your machine.
Check that your new RAM has been installed by repeating Step One. If your PC is showing that you have more memory than before, congratulations your installation has been successful.
Take a look at our full range of RAM here.


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Hey guys, hope you all enjoyed reading my part one of the wedding preparations, the struggle was real. I thought finding … More
Tag: #asian
Wedding Preparations – Part One
So it all begins, the stress, the worries and the anxieties. I was lucky enough to choose my wedding venue. … More
Virushka's Fairy Tale Wedding
Ok, so since last night there's been pictures of Anushka Sharma's Wedding, Mehndi & Engagement, and it's literally got everyone … More
Outfit Inspiration – Asian Attire
So, the last time I have actually posted anything on my blog was back in April which was just something … More


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Anastasia S.
Musician in Austin, Texas
Anastasia S.
Musician in Austin, Texas
This is Anastasia (formerly known as "Anya"), the innovative Austin-based rap artist and vocalist known for pushing creative boundaries.
In the six years since her debut project (Pretty Color Bad News - 2011), Anastasia has worked to design and define her own niche within modern music, releasing several well -received projects ("The Unkind Summer" - 2012; "CAKE" - 2016; "Kale & Yoga" - 2016; "Born To Love You" - 2017), earning the recognition and respect of media publications and listeners worldwide, and launching non-profit organization CAKE to empower women and girls through music (cakeofficial.com).
Highlights include performances at "Sound on Sound Fest", headlining "Mayfest 2016" Hollins Women's University (Roanoke, VA) and opening spots for Scarface, Azizi Gibson, dead prez, GZA, Astonautilis, Fat Tony, and more. With her latest release, "Born To Love You," Anastasia has established a rich new sound, blending thoughtful lyrics with rich harmonies and raw energy.


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Clubs List
One of the most popular sports clubs on campus
One of the most popular sports clubs on campus, the Tennis Club provides weekly training on-campus for both competitive and social players, with one of Ireland's top coaches. The club competes in the Intervarsities, in all Dublin Leagues and the annual Colours fixture against Trinity. If serious competition is not for you, the club also organises an internal ladder for members. Throughout the year members are also encouraged to partake in the club's very active social programme. Players of all levels are welcome.
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Instagram: @ucdtennis


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Aamir Khan has clarified that he has no plans to remake Rudraveena in Hindi. Few days ago, a section of the media had reported that Aamir Khan expressed his desire to remake Rudraveena, which was directed by K Balachander, just days after he met the veteran director in Chennai.
Recently, when Aamir Khan was asked about this by the media in Chennai, he clarified saying, "I've no plans to remake Rudraveena in Hindi. I don't know how these rumours began," he said. Incidentally, Aamir Khan had met K Balachander few years ago when he won the Gollapudi Srinivas Award for Best debut director after he made Taare Zameen Par. He was so thrilled with the speech written by Balachander, that he took the copy from him and said that it was one of the best moments of his life.
Aamir Khan was in Chennai to promote his upcoming film, Dhoom 3, which also stars Katrina Kaif, Abhishekh Bachchan and Uday Chopra. Vijay Krishna Acharya has directed the film and Aditya Chopra has produced it under Yash Raj Films banner. Sai Korrapati is distributing the film in Andhra and Ceded regions and it'll release on December 20.
Articles that might interest you:
- Prabhas's yesteryear heroine says he is the best
- Anjali reveals which aspect put a dent in her flowing career
- Change of producer for much delayed film?
- Stars have forgotten humanity during lockdown: Senior director
- Keerthy Suresh's marriage rumours go viral
- Shruti Haasan encourages fans to spread kindness
Ad : Teluguruchi - Learn.. Cook.. Enjoy the Tasty food


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Friday, October 31, 2014
CALL FOR PAPERS: International Conference on Land Governance for Equitable and Sustainable Development
We are pleased to announce the first LANDac International Conference on Land Governance for Equitable and Sustainable Development which will take place on 8-10 July 2015 in Utrecht, the Netherlands. The Conference is organized by the Netherlands Academy on Land Governance (LANDac) and its partners and aims to present state-of-the-art knowledge on how land governance may contribute to equitable and sustainable development, as well as setting the agenda for future research and fostering new collaborations for research, policy and practice.
We are inviting abstract submissions for papers, posters and other forms of contribution on the topics outlined in the call. You are kindly invited to submit your abstract of no more than 300 words to firstname.lastname@example.com by 1 February 2015. Abstracts should be written in English. The organizing committee will decide on the selection of abstracts. Following this process, selected authors are invited to submit their full papers, posters or (preparations of) other contributions by 1 June 2015.
GRANTS: Tinker Foundation
The Tinker Foundation's program of Institutional Grants supports the theme of sustainable resource management (among others) in Latin America. Particular issues of interest include sustainable agriculture, sustainable forestry and non-timber forest products, sustainable tourism, fisheries management, and payment for environmental services as well as issues of water scarcity and quality for communities. The Foundation encourages project collaboration among organizations in the USA and Latin America and prefers to fund those institutions that are actively engaged with external stakeholders in addressing an issue of concern. Tinker invites brief letters of inquiry to the Foundation before proposals are prepared and submitted. The application deadlines are March 1 and September 15 of each year. Click on the following link for more information: http://www.tinker.org/content/institutional-grants-overview.
FELLOWSHIP: Sustainability Science Fellowships at Harvard University
The Sustainability Science Program at Harvard University invites applications for resident fellowships in sustainability science for the academic year beginning in September 2015. This year's competition is focused on three thematic areas related to energy and sustainability. We are seeking applications focusing on: 1) decarbonizing energy systems in the European Union; 2) designing, developing, and/or implementing sustainable energy technologies and policies in China; and 3) the impacts of fossil fuel subsidies on economic, environmental, and health indicators and the actions that can be taken to reduce them. The fellowship competition is open to advanced doctoral and post-doctoral students, and to mid-career professionals engaged in research or practice to facilitate the design, implementation, and evaluation of effective interventions that promote sustainable development. The thematic areas are led by Professors Henry Lee and Joseph Aldy. The Program is also open, however, to strong proposals in any area of sustainability science. In addition to general funds available to support this fellowship offering, special funding for the Giorgio Ruffolo Fellowships in Sustainability Science is available to support citizens of Italy, China, or developing countries who are therefore especially encouraged to apply. For more information on the fellowships application process see http://www.hks.harvard.edu/centers/mrcbg/programs/sustsci/fellowships. Applications are due February 2, 2015 and decisions will be announced in March 2014.
EDUCATION: STEPS Centre Summer School
The STEPS Centre is now inviting applications to take part in its fourth annual Summer School.
Applications are invited from highly-motivated doctoral and postdoctoral researchers, working in fields around development studies, science and technology studies, innovation and policy studies, and across agricultural, health, water or energy issues.
Participants will explore the theme of pathways to sustainability through a mixture of workshops, lectures, outdoor events and focused interaction with STEPS Centre members. The Summer School takes place at the Institute of Development Studies on the Sussex University campus, near Brighton, UK.
The deadline for applications is 5pm GMT on 28 January 2015. There is a fee to attend, but scholarships are available.
For details of how to apply, financial support, programme information, and materials from the last three years' events, visit the STEPS website:
PUBLICATION: Inclusive Investment in Agriculture: Cooperatives and the Role of Foreign Investment
IISD is pleased to send the second of its series of policy briefs on investment in agriculture.
Policy brief #2, Inclusive Investment in Agriculture: Cooperatives and the Role of Foreign Investment, looks at the role of cooperatives as a vehicle to increase investment to the agriculture sector. These business models can be profitable for farmers and investors, while at the same time being socially and politically acceptable.
Friday, October 24, 2014
This Week's Posts
CALL FOR PANELS: Commission on Legal Pluralism Mumbai Conference 2015 The conference organizers invite scholars and practitioners to present work at the 2015 Conference. Deadline: November 30th, 2014.
PUBLICATION: Climate-Smart Agriculture and Resource Tenure in sub-Saharan Africa: A conceptual framework
PUBLICATION: Property rights and sustainable irrigation: A developing country perspective
PUBLICATION: Journal of Peasant Studies Special Edition on food sovereignty and agrarian transformations (free access)
PUBLICATION: Collective Action within the household: insights from natural resource management
FELLOWSHIP: Integrative Conservation doctoral program: The University of Georgia is pleased to announce that we are accepting applications for Fall 2015 for our Integrative Conservation (ICON) doctoral program. Funded assistantships are available to outstanding students.
Tuesday, October 21, 2014
CALL FOR PANELS: Commission on Legal Pluralism Mumbai Conference 2015
The 2015 international conference will pay particular attention to emerging areas that have gained in momentum due to processes of globalization, the emergence of 'knowledge economies', and the evolution of high-tech capitalism. Not surprisingly, debates and evolving policies on information technology, biotechnology, genetic engineering and intellectual property rights are forced to deal with issues of legal pluralism, perceiving the danger that high-technology regimes may further exacerbate socio-economic inequalities and further marginalize the already disadvantaged, especially in developing societies and 'emerging economies'. The conference will also address established themes that continue to cause significant concern, such as conflicts and contestations over property, land and natural resources; governance; religion, culture, custom and ethnicity; state and non-state laws; gender; kinship; patriarchy; human rights; development aid and cooperation; as well as migration; mobility; and transnationalism, while exploring how emerging and 'old' themes in the field of legal pluralism relate to each other in theory and practice.
The conference organizers invite scholars and practitioners to present contemporary work on these and related themes to the 2015 Conference. It is hoped that this event will offer a dynamic and vibrant space for a further expansion of such perspectives in debating issues and problems of legal pluralism.
Call for panel proposals
We request interested parties to submit proposals for panels in the 2015 Mumbai conference. The panels proposed may be partly or fully 'populated' (including names of at least 3-4 presenters and titles of papers per panel) or 'empty' (without names of paper presenters). A proposal should include (a) a title (max 10 words), (b) name of panel organizer, (c) email address of panel organizer, and (d) a panel description of not more than 200 words. If the panel is populated, the proposal should also have (e) a list of presenters and – preferably – the titles of their papers or contributions.
See more at: http://commission-on-legal-pluralism.com/nl/home#sthash.WZXDLluF.dpuf
Please send your proposals for panel and roundtable discussions to Waheeda Amien (email@example.com) and D. Parthasarathy (email@example.com) by no later than November 30th, 2014.
PUBLICATION: Climate-Smart Agriculture and Resource Tenure in sub-Saharan Africa: A conceptual framework
Though many studies document the positive impacts of various climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices on crop yields, adoption of such practices remains limited in many areas in sub-Saharan Africa. A number of barriers to adoption have been identified, with many researchers noting the importance of property rights systems and tenure insecurity in particular. Nonetheless, few papers document the pathways by which current property rights and tenure security affect the adoption of CSA, or how altering either the bundle of property rights or the degree of tenure security over each piece of the bundle can lead to increased adoption of CSA. In this paper, we first discuss key characteristics of four CSA practices related to sustainable land management. We then lay out a conceptual framework for evaluating the pathways by which expanding property rights and strengthening tenure security affects incentives to adopt technologies broadly, and then apply the framework to each of the four CSA practices.
The paper, by Nancy McCarthy and Josh Brubaker, is available here: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3982e.pdf
Publication: Property rights and sustainable irrigation: A developing country perspective
While the role of secure property rights contributing to sustainable natural resource management is increasingly recognized, translating that into practice is more challenging, especially in developing countries. This article presents a framework for understanding the role of property rights for effective irrigation systems and then explores the complexity of property rights to land, water, and infrastructure and their underlying institutions. Understanding property rights in practice requires acknowledging legal pluralism—the coexistence of many types and sources of law, which can be used as the basis for claiming rights over the resources. Property rights do not necessarily imply full ownership, but are composed of different bundles of rights that may be held by different claimants—the state, user groups, families, or individuals. These rights are critical for the authority, incentives, and resources for irrigation operation and maintenance. As resources become more scarce, property rights systems need to adapt to reduce conflict and provide incentives for saving water. However, efforts to improve irrigation by changing property rights systems have often failed because they have not recognized the difficulty of transplanting property rights systems from one place to another. Institutional change needs to be seen as an organic process,building on existing norms and practices, rather than as an exercise in social engineering.
This paper, by Ruth Meinzen-Dick, is available here: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.03.017
PUBLICATIONS: Journal of Peasant Studies Special Edition on food sovereignty and agrarian transformations (free access)
New directions in agrarian political economy, volume 41, issue no. 5: http://www.tandfonline.com/r/fjps-41-5
Critical erspectives on food sovereignty, volume 41, issue no.6: http://www.tandfonline.com/r/fjps-41-6
PUBLICATION: Collective Action within the household: insights from natural resource management
Households face many collective action situations, with members working together to produce livelihoods and allocate goods. But neither unitary nor bargaining models of the household provide frameworks to analyze the conditions under which households work collectively and when they fail to do so. Drawing on the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework based in the natural resource management literature, this paper explores the factors that encourage and inhibit collective action and provides insights into how to understand collective action problems within the household as dynamic, multi-actor situations with outcomes that can be evaluated by multiple criteria, not just efficiency. Comparison with the household literature also points to areas to strengthen the resource management literature through greater emphasis on human capital issues, including gender, health, and education.
This CAPRi Working Paper, by Cheryl Doss and Ruth Meinzen-Dick, is available here: http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/128370. We are in the process of setting up a new CAPRi website and will add the link to the working papers there, when possible as well.
FELLOWSHIP: Integrative Conservation doctoral program
The University of Georgia is pleased to announce that we are accepting applications for Fall 2015 for our Integrative Conservation (ICON) doctoral program. Funded assistantships are available to outstanding students. The ICON Ph.D. program is open to students applying to one of four "home departments" including the Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources (http://www.warnell.uga.edu), the Odum School of Ecology (http://www.ecology.uga.edu), the Department of Anthropology (http://anthropology.uga.edu/), and the Department of Geography (http://geography.uga.edu/).
With the current rate of global change, conservation and management of our natural resources needs to adapt to a complex set of challenges. Responding effectively to these challenges requires both disciplinary expertise and agility to work across disciplines. The University of Georgia's ICON Ph.D. program is designed to meet that need by ensuring that students gain disciplinary depth while also learning to collaborate across fields of practice by engaging faculty from the natural and social sciences to train students in an integrative and holistic way.
At the same time, this program strives to move beyond the paradigm of interdisciplinarity by reaching outside of academia to bring together academics and practitioners. Through internships and collaborative research, students will interact with professionals engaged in management and conservation as partners and colleagues. These experiences, along with training modules led by communications experts, will ensure that students learn to communicate effectively and strategically with those from other backgrounds and disciplines as well as with lay audiences.
For more information, please contact Nik Heynen, ICON Program Director & Graduate Coordinator (email@example.com), at the Center for Integrative Conservation Research (CICR) at the University of Georgia or visit the ICON website: http://icon.uga.edu/.


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Donor Profile: Christopher P. Devine '98
BUFFALO, NY - Life is 'suite' for Christopher P. Devine '98. The certified public account from Milton, MA, oversees nearly $6 billion in assets as chief financial officer for the Pyramid Hotel Group, one of the largest hotel management companies in the U.S.
Surely, Devine says, his accounting degree from Canisius yielded high returns. But he credits his college education for teaching him more than number crunching.
Devine describes his role as editor-in-chief for The Griffin as "an invaluable experience." He learned persistence, time management and leadership – "many of the dynamics that make up today's business world."
Then, there were those hard-won lessons he learned about writing, communicating and editing from Melvin W. Schroeder. The late associate professor of English and moderator of The Griffin became a longtime mentor and friend to Devine, and was "instrumental" to his personal and professional development.
Grateful for Schroeder's guidance, Devine recently made a multi-year commitment to the Mel Schroeder Memorial Scholarship. Established in 2012 after Schroeder's passing, the scholarship provides funding for two students to attend the Yeats International Summer School in Sligo, Ireland. A newly-elected member of the Board of Trustees, Devine is also a loyal donor to the Canisius Fund, and similarly made a multi-year, unrestricted commitment to the annual giving campaign, which provides essential funding for tuition and scholarship assistance. Of his benevolent giving at Canisius, Devine says he "wants to invest in the education that invested so much in him to help ensure similar successes for the next generation of Canisius students."


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The Scent of 1 Hotel, Miami
Can't get the tantalizing scent of the 1 Hotel Miami out of your head? Well your not alone! The scent permeating throughout the 1 Hotel and Homes in Miami is quickly becoming one of the most sought after hotel scents.
Check out the My Way Scent Collection, which was inspired by the 1 Hotel and Homes® brand. This masterpiece is the perfect balance between sensuality, ruggedness and luxury. It is a woody and alluring blend of sandalwood, Virginia cedar and iris. These notes are beautifully complemented with delicate violet and a hint of tuscan leather and finished off with sensual amber.
The My Way scent that is inspired by 1 Hotel is available in a Candle, Reed Diffuser and even the Limited Edition Deluxe 23oz Candle!


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You are here
UOB, Transit Link team up to launch cashless top-ups of Cepas cards
COMMUTERS here know the pain of standing in a snaking queue, awaiting their turn to top up the balance in their Cepas cards at the general ticketing machines at train stations.
From January next year, the approximately 500 ticketing machines across the island will accept credit and debit cards, along with mobile-payment systems such as Apple, Samsung and Android Pay as payment options.
Topping up a Cepas card, which pays for train and bus rides, will involve far fewer steps, saving time.
To pilot the initiative, Transit Link has linked up with UOB in a move that will give holders of UOB credit cards a headstart on using this service, starting on Friday.
Commuters holding Visa, MasterCard or JCB cards issued by UOB will be able to insert these credit cards into the general ticketing machines or use contactless payment methods such as Visa payWave and MasterCard PayPass to top-up their Cepas cards.
Mobile-payment systems such as UOB Mighty and Apple Pay (a UOB card has to be selected) will also work.
Until January, credit cards from other banks will not be able to perform such transactions; thereafter, all foreign and locally-issued credit and debit cards will be accepted. The full range of credit cards from banks supported by Apple, Samsung and Android Pay will also be available then, Transit Link said.
Transit Link chief executive Lee Yuen Hee told reporters at a media preview on Thursday that by using credit cards to top up the balance on their Cepas cards, commuters will not need to slot in cash or key in their PIN, which translates into time savings.
"The whole idea is to extend the cashless lifestyle that the public is used to in the retail space to the transit space."
He expressed hope that through the initiative, cashless top-up payments at the general ticketing machines will go up by at least 10 per cent.
At present, about two-thirds of payments made at these machines are cash payments, Transit Link said.
UOB has found that in a survey among 120 adult public transport commuters, 37 per cent said they preferred using contactless payment options when topping up their Cepas cards. The "enhanced convenience" from tapping with a smartphone or credit card was cited as the key factor, UOB noted.
Dennis Khoo, the bank's head of personal financial services in Singapore said: "Transit is an integral part of the consumer's daily life. Expanding contactless acceptance points to the general ticketing machines will further the adoption of such payments and reinforce the move towards a cashless economy."


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Reports reaching Foroyaa indicate that magistrates at the Brikama Magistrates Court who are eight in number, are provided with only one vehicle to ferry them to and from work. According to reports, when the vehicle has breakdown magistrates who are not mobile cannot go work, resulting to endless adjournments of cases and delays in proceedings.
Attempts to get the principal magistrate to comment on the matter have not yet succeeded but Foroyaa will continue its effort to get his comments.
Needless to say, adjudicators deserve respect and dignity and must be well paid to encourage them to do their work independently and impartially, in accordance with section 120 sub section (3) of the Constitution which states:
"In the exercise of their judicial functions, the courts, the judges and other holders of judicial office shall be independent and shall be subject only to this Constitution and the law, and, save as provided in this Chapter, shall not be subject to the control or direction of any other person or authority."
Subsection (4) of this section imposes a responsibility on the executive thus:
"The Government and all departments and agencies of the Government shall accord such assistance to the courts as the courts may reasonably require to protect their independence, dignity and effectiveness."


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Beethoven Septet
Saskatoon Symphony Chamber Ensemble
The Chamber Ensemble explore the music of Beethoven. As part of the SSO's celebration of Beethoven's 250, we're excited to play these works that don't get heard often enough in Saskatoon!
Septet – Beethoven
Serenade for Violin, Viola, and Flute – Beethoven
The SSO's Sunday Chamber Series is across the river to historic Convocation Hall. Street parking and some parking lots are free on campus on Sundays. We encourage all concert goers to bring their favorite coffee in a travel mug.
Single tickets on sale August 1st. Season subscription forms are available for download on our website.
Event Details
- Presented By: Saskatoon Symphony Orchestra
- Dates: May 10, 2020
- Address: 107 Administration Pl, Saskatoon, SK, S7N5A2
- Location: Convocation Hall, University of Saskatchewan Campus
- Time: 2:00 PM to 3:30 PM
- Price: Varies
- (306) 665-6414
- Website: http://saskatoonsymphony.org/event/beethoven-septet/
- Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/events/603209040140992/
- Other Website: http://saskatoonsymphony.org/


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Kenneth A. Gladstone, Psy.D.
Adjunct Professor
Multicultural Psychology; Trauma; Child/Adolescent/Family Therapy; Chemical Dependency
Psy.D, Clinical Psychology, PGSP-Stanford Psy.D. Consortium, Palo Alto University
M.S., Clinical Psychology, PGSP-Stanford Psy.D. Consortium, Palo Alto University
B.A., English and Theater, Wesleyan University
Dr. Ken Gladstone received his Clinical Psychology degree from the PGSP-Stanford Psy.D. Consortium. From 1993 to 2006, he worked at Edgewood Center for Children and Families providing residential treatment for children with significant emotional and behavioral challenges. He provided direct services and managed one of the residential units for ten years before developing the agency-wide Quality Improvement/Quality Assurance team for the agency. He also supported children and families impacted by HIV/AIDS through free summer programs in California before serving as Camp Director of Ohio's Camp Sunrise from 1995 until 2010.
Dr. Gladstone currently teaches Multicultural Studies in the Business Psychology Program. His research has focused on trauma, on men who have sex with men (MSM), and on families with illness. He has clinical experience with patients of all ages and has worked in a range of clinical settings including inpatient units for adults as well as adolescents, hospital consultation, outpatient services with the VA Health Care System, and in community mental health settings. Currently he provides clinical care as a member of Kaiser Permanente's Psychiatry and Chemical Dependency Service in Redwood City, CA.
Torres, H. L., Delonga, K., Lee, S., Gladstone, K. A., Barrad, A., Huckaby, S., Koopman, C. & Gore-Felton, C. (2013). Sociocontextual factors: Moving beyond individual determinants of sexual risk behavior among gay and bisexual adolescent males. Journal of LGBT youth, 10(3), 173-185.
Wong, M., Ratner, J., Gladstone, K. A., Davtyan, A., & Koopman, C. (2010). Children's perceived social support after a parent is diagnosed with cancer. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 17(2), 77-86.


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Independence Day Celebration
Wednesday, July 3 - Thursday, July 4
Bicentennial Park
Baytown makes Independence Day plural with festivities taking place at Bicentennial Park (1001 Market St.) on both July 3 and 4.
It is a true Baytown tradition to say "Happy Birthday America" with a FREE festival so large that they need two fun-filled days to pack in all of the patriotic merriment.
This year, Baytown's festival kicks off with a BANG on Wednesday, July 3rd at Bicentennial Park with day 1 headliner The Village People and Bag of Donuts.
Day 2's celebration of freedom on July 4th, will welcome country music singers Tracy Byrd and Joe Diffie and opening the day with music from R.L. Bell.
Don't be fooled, the rockin' red, white and blue concerts aren't the only things on the agenda for this festival. Come prepared to say you "had a blast" shopping row after row of vendor booths, feasting from a large assortment of food trucks, enjoying the patriotic parade on the 4th, and letting the kiddos have a "bang up good time" in the festival's kid play zone!
The festival will come to an explosive conclusion with one of the best fireworks extravaganza's in the state! A special guest DJ will play patriotic tune after tune as the fireworks burst and shimmer over the park in an impressive show of lights.


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Euzebe Imperator The Saiyans Friday 07/05/2010, 12:22
The ELO practice room doesn't exist any more. It was nearly never used so we've decided to remove it from the list.
0- JP Colossus † OVER KILL † Thursday 13/05/2010, 12:15
Lol, was a bad idea in the first place,
Don't agree with you there, 0- JP. It was a great idea actually, looked good on paper, at least. I mean, for new ELO players surely we would think they would rather practice their ELO-deck before jumping into the world of ELO.
But that obviously wasn't the case in practice - maybe ELO is easier to understand than initially thought.
0 Pride Imperator URBAN MADNESS Friday 14/05/2010, 08:01
I always see 2 or no players in the ELO practice
Samurai Evo Imperator Comfort In Sound Friday 14/05/2010, 17:36
I used to take decks there to try but never got a fight there.so it wont be missed,
Zi76 Veteran The Cunning Gambit Friday 14/05/2010, 17:37
I used it when I first began to play ELO. It had it's uses.
3M Andrei 3x Senior Urban United Thursday 27/05/2010, 21:33
Good move
MC-Exsaveyer Senior Madison's Chamber Thursday 27/05/2010, 22:14
Sigh i always used it
iRAWkDaWorld Master Thursday 03/06/2010, 12:49
I liked it, it was a little private place where u can vs the same person over and over and get easy exp off em


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Montgomery, Guilsfield and Llanidloes all shone in the Henshalls Shropshire Cricket League on Saturday, but it was another tough weekend for Newtown and Welshpool.
Tom Anderson produced a heroic bowling display, but couldn't prevent Newtown slipping to a one-wicket defeat at home to high flying Shifnal in Division One.
Anderson produced figures of 6-21 as Newtown doggedly defended their meagre target of 91, of which Ryan Davies hit 37. The visitors, who were 66-9 at one stage, eventually secured victory with a brilliant last wicket stand.
Charlie Kinsey tore through Lilleshall as Montgomery got back to winning ways after a disappointing few weeks in Division Two.
Having broken into the first team, the young seam bowler gave his best performance to date with 6-26.
Having batted first, Montgomery scored 206-6 with Aaron Ruff-Cock scoring 57. Charlie Clinton (33), Rob Bennett (30no) and Tim Davies (28) were also in the runs.
In reply, Montgomery dismissed Lilleshall for 119. Adding to Kinsey's six wickets were Ruff-Cock (2-23) and Sam Williams (2-28).
Welshpool finished well short of the 243-5 target set by Worfield to remain bottom of Division Two. Opener Paul Chapman (48) got the reply off to a decent start and despite Patrick Davies (22) and James Breese (24) adding decent knocks, Welshpool finished short on 142.
Montgomery II were bowled out for 66 at Market Drayton - and then very nearly went on to win the match following an inspired bowling and fielding performance in Division Five.
No batsman reached double figures on a tricky batting wicket as the Second XI crumbled.
But the team, who have stuck together through a challenging couple of seasons, regrouped and quickly dismissed Market Drayton's openers in the first over.
Wickets continued to fall at regular intervals but the home side eventually stumbled over the line to finish 68-7 in the 17th over.
Tim Hughes (4-34) and Morgan Matthews (2-24) both bowled incredibly well, while there were great catches in the field for Dave Jones, Keith Griffiths and Alex Matthews.
Newtown II were also well beaten, failing to defend 159-4 at Condover despite 57 not out from Richard Smout and 32 from Paul Hawthorne.
Guilsfield remain second in Division Six after returning from Harcourt with the spoils thanks to another inspired display from all-rounder Duncan Todd.
Todd took 4-23 as Harcourt amassed 143, a total that wasn't enough as Todd's unbeaten 51 and useful knocks from Rupert Shingler (25) and Andy Clements (21) saw the villagers make it home with two wickets in the bank.
Adrian Foulkes continued his brilliant form with 4-23 as Llanidloes made short work of Quatt to stay top of Division Seven.
The visitors were restricted to 111 as a result, paving the way for the Llani batsmen to secure victory with six wickets to spare. David Owen top scored with 37.
Welshpool II remain in the bottom two of Division Eight after a low scoring defeat at home to Chirk II. Greg Jones (5-13) helped to restrict the visitors to 84 but Welshpool were all out for just 51 in reply.


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គីម ចុងអ៊ីល
គម ចុង អ៊ីល[កែប្រែ]
|Kim Jong-il
8 july1994 – 17 December 2011[១]
|Hong Song-nam
Pak Pong-ju
Kim Yong-il
Choe Yong-rim
|Kim Il-sung (as President)
8 October 1997 – 17 December 2011
|Kim Yong-nam
Choe Yong-rim
Jo Myong-Rok
Ri Yong-Ho
|Kim Il-sung
9 April 1993 – 17 December 2011
|Jo Myong-rok
|Position established
24 December 1991 – 17 December 2011
|Kim Il-sung
|Kim Jong-un[២]
Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party
8 October 1997 – 17 December 2011
|Kim Jong-un
Ri Yong-ho
|Kim Il-sung
|Yuri Irsenovich Kim
16 កុម្ភៈ 1941
Vyatskoye, Soviet Union (Soviet records)
|17 ធ្នូ 2011 (បានអាយុ 70)
North Korea
|Political party
|Workers' Party of Korea
|Kim Young-sook (1974-2011)
|Domestic partner
|Song Hye-rim (1968-2002)
Ko Young-hee (1977-2004)
Kim Ok (2004-2011)
|Kim Sul-song
Kim Jong-nam
Kim Jong-chul
Kim Jong-un
|Alma mater
|Kim Il-sung University
University of Malta
|Military service
|North Korea
|Korean People's Army
|Years of service
|Supreme Commander
ទំព័រគំរូ:Contains Korean text
|គីម ចុងអ៊ីល
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|Revised Romanization
|Gim Jeong(-)il
|Kim Chŏngil
គីម ចុង អ៊ីល (កើត នៅ (យ៉រី លរស៊ីនោវិច កីម) Yuri Irsenovich Kim;[៣] 16 February 1941[៤] – 17 December 2011)[៥] was the supreme leader of North Korea (DPRK) from 1994 to 2011. He succeeded his father and founder of the DPRK Kim Il-sung following the elder Kim's death in 1994. Kim Jong-il was the General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea, Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea, and the supreme commander of the កងទ័ពរបស់កូរ៉េខេងជើង, មានច្រើនជាងមួយភាគបួន នៅនៃកងទ័ព ក្នុងពិភពលោក.
ក្នុងខែមេសារឆ្នាំ២០០៩ កូរ៉េខាងជើង បានកែប្រែរដ្ឌធម្មនុញទៅតាមចិត្តមេដឹកនាំ របស់ខ្លួន".[៦] He was also referred to as the "Dear Leader", "our Father", "the General", and "Generalissimo", among others.[៧] His son Kim Jong-un was promoted to a senior position in the ruling Workers' Party and is his successor.[៨] In 2010, he was ranked 31st in Forbes Magazine's List of The World's Most Powerful People.[៩] The North Korean government announced his death on 19 December 2011.[៥]
Details surrounding Kim Jong-il's birth vary according to source. Soviet records show that he was born in the village of Vyatskoye, near Khabarovsk, in 1941,[១០] where his father, Kim Il-sung, commanded the 1st Battalion of the Soviet 88th Brigade, made up of Chinese and Korean exiles. Kim Jong-il's mother, Kim Jong-suk, was Kim Il-sung's first wife.
Kim Jong-il's official biography[១១] states he was born in a secret military camp on Baekdu Mountain in Japanese Korea on 16 February 1942.[១២] Official biographers claim that his birth at Baekdu Mountain was foretold by a swallow, and heralded by the appearance of a double rainbow across the sky over the mountain and a new star in the heavens.[១៣]
In 1945, Kim was three or four years old when World War II ended and Korea regained independence from Japan. His father returned to Pyongyang that September, and in late November Kim returned to Korea via a Soviet ship, landing at Sonbong (선봉군, also Unggi). The family moved into a former Japanese officer's mansion in Pyongyang, with a garden and pool. Kim Jong-il's brother, "Shura" Kim (the first Kim Pyong-il, but known by his Russian nickname), drowned there in 1948. Unconfirmed reports suggest that five-year-old Kim Jong-il might have caused the accident.[១៤]
In 1949, his mother died in childbirth.[១៥] Unconfirmed reports suggest that his mother might have been shot and left to bleed to death.[១៤]
According to his official biography, Kim completed the course of general education between September 1950 and August 1960. He attended Primary School No. 4 and Middle School No. 1 (Namsan Higher Middle School) in Pyongyang.[ត្រូវការអំណះអំណាង] This is contested by foreign academics, who believe he is more likely to have received his early education in the People's Republic of China as a precaution to ensure his safety during the Korean War.[១៦]
Throughout his schooling, Kim was involved in politics. He was active in the Children's Union[១៧] and the Democratic Youth League (DYL), taking part in study groups of Marxist political theory and other literature. In September 1957 he became vice-chairman of his middle school's DYL branch. He pursued a programme of anti-factionalism and attempted to encourage greater ideological education among his classmates.
Kim is also said to have received English language education at the University of Malta in the early 1970s,[១៨] on his infrequent holidays in Malta as guest of Prime Minister Dom Mintoff.[១៩]
លោក គម ពេលដែលគាត់ចាស់ បានផ្ទេ ដំនែងអោយកូនប្រុសរបស់គាត់ឈ្មោះ គម ចុងអ៊ីល (បន្ទាប់ពីបងរបស់ គម ចុង អ៊ីលលងទឹក ).តាំងពីឆ្នាំ ១៩៨៨ , គម ផយ អ៊ីល ធ្វើការអោយស្ថានទូតកូរ៉េខេងជើង ក្នុងប្រទេស កូរ៉េខាងត្បូង និង នៅអ៊ីរ៉ូប គឺ ឯកអគ្គរាជទូត នៅ ប៉ូឡូញ។ គម ផយ អ៊ីល គឺជាអ្នក ញួសញុង នៅបរទេស ក្នុងការរៀបចំយ៉ាង ប្រុងប្រយត្ត័របស់ឪពុករបស់គាត់ សំរាប់កូនប្រុសទាំងពីរ[២០]
Presidium member and party secretary (1980–1994)[កែប្រែ]
By the time of the Sixth Party Congress in October 1980, Kim Jong-il's control of the Party operation was complete. He was given senior posts in the Politburo, the Military Commission and the party Secretariat. When he was made a member of the Seventh Supreme People's Assembly in February 1982, international observers deemed him the heir apparent of North Korea.
At this time Kim assumed the title "Dear Leader" (친애하는 지도자, ch'inaehanŭn jidoja)[២១] the government began building a personality cult around him patterned after that of his father, the "Great Leader". Kim Jong-il was regularly hailed by the media as the "fearless leader" and "the great successor to the revolutionary cause". He emerged as the most powerful figure behind his father in North Korea.
On 24 December 1991, Kim was also named supreme commander of the North Korean armed forces. Since the Army is the real foundation of power in North Korea, this was a vital step. Defence Minister Oh Jin-wu, one of Kim Il-sung's most loyal subordinates, engineered Kim Jong-il's acceptance by the Army as the next leader of North Korea, despite his lack of military service. The only other possible leadership candidate, Prime Minister Kim Il (no relation), was removed from his posts in 1976. In 1992, Kim Il-sung publicly stated that his son was in charge of all internal affairs in the Democratic People's Republic.
In 1992, radio broadcasts started referring to him as the "Dear Father", instead of the "Dear Leader", suggesting a promotion. His 50th birthday in February was the occasion for massive celebrations, exceeded only by those for the 80th birthday of Kim Il Sung himself on 15 April that same year.
According to defector Hwang Jang-yop, the North Korean government system became even more centralized and autocratic during the 1980s and 1990s under Kim Jong-il than it had been under his father. In one example explained by Hwang, although Kim Il-sung required his ministers to be loyal to him, he nonetheless and frequently sought their advice during decision-making. In contrast, Kim Jong-il demanded absolute obedience and agreement from his ministers and party officials with no advice or compromise, and he viewed any slight deviation from his thinking as a sign of disloyalty. According to Hwang, Kim Jong-il personally directed even minor details of state affairs, such as the size of houses for party secretaries and the delivery of gifts to his subordinates.[២២]
By the 1980s, North Korea began to experience severe economic stagnation. Kim Il-sung's policy of juche (self-reliance) cut the country off from almost all external trade, even with its traditional partners, the Soviet Union and China.
South Korea accused Kim of ordering the 1983 bombing in Rangoon, Burma (now Yangon, Myanmar), which killed 17 visiting South Korean officials, including four cabinet members, and another in 1987 which killed all 115 on board Korean Air Flight 858.[២៣] A North Korean agent, Kim Hyon Hui, confessed to planting a bomb in the case of the second, saying the operation was ordered by Kim Jong-il personally.[២៤]
In 1992, Kim Jong-il's voice was broadcast within North Korea for the first time during a military parade for the KPA's 60th year anniversary in Pyongyang's Kim Il-sung Square, in which Kim Il-sung attended with Kim Jong-il by his side. After Kim Il-sung's speech, and the parade inspection his son approached the microphone at the grandstand in response to the report of the parade inspector and simply said: "Glory to the heroic soldiers of the Korean People's Army!" Everyone in the audience applauded and the parade participants at the square grounds (which included veteran soldiers and officers of the KPA) shouted "ten thousand years" three times after that.
Ruler of North Korea[កែប្រែ]
On 8 July 1994, Kim Jong-il's father, Kim Il-sung died, at the age of 82 from a heart attack. However, it took three years for Kim Jong-il to consolidate his power. He officially took the titles of General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea on 8 October 1997 and Chairman of the National Defence Commission on 9 April 1993. In 1998, his Defence Commission chairmanship was declared to be "the highest post of the state", so Kim may be regarded as North Korea's head of state from that date. Also in 1998, the Supreme People's Assembly wrote the president's post out of the constitution in memory of Kim Il-Sung, who was designated the country's "Eternal President". It can be argued, though, that he became the country's leader when he became leader of the Workers' Party; in most Communist countries the party leader is the most powerful person in the country.
Officially, Kim was part of a triumvirate heading the executive branch of the North Korean government along with Premier Choe Yong-rim and parliament chairman Kim Yong-nam (no relations). Each nominally held powers equivalent to a third of a president's powers in most other presidential systems. Kim Jong-il was commander of the armed forces, Choe Yong-rim headed the government and Kim Yong-nam handled foreign relations. In practice, however, Kim Jong-il exercised absolute control over the government and the country. Although not required to stand for popular election to his key offices, he was unanimously elected to the Supreme People's Assembly every five years, representing a military constituency, due to his concurrent capacities as KPA Supreme Commander and Chairman of the DPRK NDC.
Economic policies[កែប្រែ]
The state-controlled economy of North Korea struggled throughout the 1990s, primarily due to mismanagement. In addition, North Korea experienced severe floods in the mid-1990s, exacerbated by poor land management.[២៥][២៦][២៧] This, compounded with only 18% arable land[២៨] and an inability to import the goods necessary to sustain industry,[២៩] led to an immense famine and left North Korea in economic shambles. Faced with a country in decay, Kim adopted a "Military-First" policy (선군정치, Sŏn'gun chŏngch'i) to strengthen the country and reinforce the regime.[៣០] On the national scale, a North Korean spokesman has claimed that this has resulted in a positive growth rate for the country since 1996, with the implementation of "landmark socialist-type market economic practices" in 2002 keeping the North afloat despite a continued dependency on foreign aid for food.[៣១]
In the wake of the devastation of the 1990s, the government began formally approving some activity of small-scale bartering and trade. As observed by Daniel Sneider, associate director for research at the Stanford University Asia-Pacific Research Center, this flirtation with capitalism was "fairly limited, but — especially compared to the past — there are now remarkable markets that create the semblance of a free market system."[៣២]
In 2002, Kim Jong-il declared that "money should be capable of measuring the worth of all commodities."[៣៣] These gestures toward economic reform mirror similar actions taken by China's Deng Xiaoping in the late 1980s and early 90s. During a rare visit in 2006, Kim expressed admiration for China's rapid economic progress.[៣៤]
Foreign relations[កែប្រែ]
In 1998, South Korean President Kim Dae-jung implemented the "Sunshine Policy" to improve North-South relations and to allow South Korean companies to start projects in the North. Kim Jong-il announced plans to import and develop new technologies to develop North Korea's fledgling software industry. As a result of the new policy, the Kaesong Industrial Park was constructed in 2003 just north of the de-militarized zone, with the planned participation of 250 South Korean companies, employing 100,000 North Koreans, by 2007.[៣៥] However, by March 2007, the Park contained only 21 companies — employing 12,000 North Korean workers.[៣៦] As of May 2010 the park employs over 40,000 North Korean workers.[៣៧]
In 1994, North Korea and the United States signed an Agreed Framework which was designed to freeze and eventually dismantle the North's nuclear weapons program in exchange for aid in producing two power-generating nuclear reactors.[៣៨] In 2002, Kim Jong-il's government admitted to having produced nuclear weapons since the 1994 agreement. Kim's regime argued the secret production was necessary for security purposes — citing the presence of United States-owned nuclear weapons in South Korea and the new tensions with the United States under President George W. Bush.[៣៩] On 9 October 2006, North Korea's Korean Central News Agency announced that it had successfully conducted an underground nuclear test.
Cult of personality[កែប្រែ]
Kim Jong-il was the centre of an elaborate personality cult inherited from his father and founder of the DPRK, Kim Il-sung. Defectors have been quoted as saying that North Korean schools deify both father and son.[៤០][ទំព័រត្រូវការ] He was often the centre of attention throughout ordinary life in the DPRK. On his 60th birthday (based on his official date of birth), mass celebrations occurred throughout the country on the occasion of his Hwangap.[៤១] Many North Koreans believed that he had the "magical" ability to "control the weather" based on his mood.[៤០] In 2010, the North Korean media reported that Kim's distinctive clothing had set worldwide fashion trends.[៤២]
One point of view is that Kim Jong Il's cult of personality was solely out of respect for Kim Il-sung or out of fear of punishment for failure to pay homage.[៤៣] Media and government sources from outside of North Korea generally support this view,[៤៤][៤៥][៤៦][៤៧][៤៨] while North Korean government sources aver it was a genuine hero worship.[៤៩] The song "No Motherland Without You", sung by the KPA State Merited Choir, was created especially for Kim in 1992 and is frequently broadcast on the radio and from loudspeakers on the streets of Pyongyang.[៥០]
Human rights record[កែប្រែ]
- សូមមើល: Human rights in North Korea បន្ថែម
According to a 2004 Human Rights Watch report, the North Korean government under Kim was "among the world's most repressive governments", having up to 200,000 political prisoners according to U.S. and South Korean officials,[៥១] and no freedom of the press or religion, political opposition or equal education:[៥២] "Virtually every aspect of political, social, and economic life is controlled by the government."
2008 health and waning power rumors[កែប្រែ]
In an August 2008 issue of the Japanese newsweekly Shukan Gendai, Waseda University professor Toshimitsu Shigemura, an authority on the Korean Peninsula,[៥៣] claimed that Kim Jong-il died of diabetes in late 2003 and had been replaced in public appearances by one or more stand-ins previously employed to protect him from assassination attempts.[៥៤] In a subsequent best-selling book, The True Character of Kim Jong-il, Shigemura cited apparently un-named people close to Kim's family along with Japanese and South Korean intelligence sources, claiming they confirmed Kim's diabetes took a turn for the worse early in 2000 and from then until his supposed death three and a half years later he was using a wheelchair. Shigemura moreover claimed a voiceprint analysis of Kim speaking in 2004 did not match a known earlier recording. It was also noted that Kim Jong-il did not appear in public for the Olympic torch relay in Pyongyang on 28 April 2008. The question had reportedly "baffled foreign intelligence agencies for years."[៥៥]
On 9 September 2008, various sources reported that after he did not show up that day for a military parade celebrating North Korea's 60th anniversary, United States intelligence agencies believed Kim might be "gravely ill" after having suffered a stroke. He had last been seen in public a month earlier.[៥៦]
A former CIA official said earlier reports of a health crisis were likely accurate. North Korean media remained silent on the issue. An Associated Press report said analysts believed Kim had been supporting moderates in the foreign ministry, while North Korea's powerful military was against so-called "Six-Party" negotiations with China, Japan, Russia, South Korea and the United States aimed towards ridding North Korea of nuclear weapons. Some United States officials noted that soon after rumours about Kim's health were publicized a month before, North Korea had taken a "tougher line in nuclear negotiations." In late August North Korea's official news agency reported the government would "consider soon a step to restore the nuclear facilities in Yongbyon to their original state as strongly requested by its relevant institutions." Analysts said this meant "the military may have taken the upper hand and that Kim might no longer be wielding absolute authority." By 10 September, there were conflicting reports. Unidentified South Korean government officials said Kim had undergone surgery after suffering a minor stroke and had apparently "intended to attend 9 September event in the afternoon but decided not to because of the aftermath of the surgery." High ranking North Korean official Kim Yong-nam said, "While we wanted to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the country with General Secretary Kim Jong-Il, we celebrated on our own." Song Il-Ho, North Korea's ambassador said, "We see such reports as not only worthless, but rather as a conspiracy plot." Seoul's Chosun Ilbo newspaper reported that "the South Korean embassy in Beijing had received an intelligence report that Kim collapsed on 22 August."[៥៧] The New York Times reported Kim was "very ill and most likely suffered a stroke a few weeks ago,[when?] but United States intelligence authorities do not think his death is imminent."[៥៨] The BBC noted that the North Korean government denied these reports, stating that Kim's health problems were "not serious enough to threaten his life",[៥៩][៦០] although they did confirm that he had suffered a stroke on 15 August.[៦១]
Japan's Kyodo news agency reported on 14 September, that "Kim collapsed on 14 August due to stroke or a cerebral hemorrhage, and that Beijing dispatched five military doctors at the request of Pyongyang. Kim will require a long period of rest and rehabilitation before he fully recovers and has complete command of his limbs again, as with typical stroke victims." Japan's Mainichi Shimbun claimed Kim had occasionally lost consciousness since April.[៦២] Japan's Tokyo Shimbun on 15 September, added that Kim was staying at the Bongwha State Guest House. He was apparently conscious "but he needs some time to recuperate from the recent stroke, with some parts of his hands and feet paralyzed". It cited Chinese sources which claimed that one cause for the stroke could have been stress brought about by the United States delay to remove North Korea from its list of state sponsors of terrorism.[៦៣]
On 19 October, North Korea reportedly ordered its diplomats to stay near their embassies to await "an important message", according to Japan's Yomiuri Shimbun,[៦៤] setting off renewed speculation about the health of the ailing leader.
By 29 October 2008, reports stated Kim suffered a serious setback and had been taken back to hospital.[៦៥] The New York Times reported that Taro Aso, on 28 October 2008, stated in a parliamentary session that Kim had been hospitalized: "His condition is not so good. However, I don't think he is totally incapable of making decisions." Aso further said a French neurosurgeon was aboard a plane for Beijing, en route to North Korea. Further, Kim Sung-ho, director of South Korea's National Intelligence Service, told lawmakers in a closed parliamentary session in Seoul that "Kim appeared to be recovering quickly enough to start performing his daily duties."[៦៦] The Dong-a Ilbo newspaper reported "a serious problem" with Kim's health. Japan's Fuji Television Network reported that Kim's eldest son, Kim Jong Nam, traveled to Paris to hire a neurosurgeon for his father, and showed footage where the surgeon boarded flight CA121 bound for Pyongyang from Beijing on 24 October. The French weekly Le Point identified him as Francois-Xavier Roux, neurosurgery director of Paris' Sainte-Anne Hospital, but Roux himself stated he was in Beijing for several days and not North Korea.[៦៧] On 19 December 2011 Roux confirmed that Kim suffered a debilitating stroke in 2008 and was treated by himself and other French doctors at Pyongyang's Red Cross Hospital. Roux said Kim suffered few lasting effects.[៦៨]
On 5 November 2008, the North's Korean Central News Agency published 2 photos showing Kim posing with dozens of Korean People's Army (KPA) soldiers on a visit to military Unit 2200 and sub-unit of Unit 534. Shown with his usual bouffant hairstyle, with his trademark sunglasses and a white winter parka, Kim stood in front of trees with autumn foliage and a red-and-white banner.[៦៩][៧០][៧១][៧២][៧៣] The Times questioned the authenticity of at least one of these photos.[៧៤]
In November 2008, Japan's TBS TV network reported that Kim had suffered a second stroke in October, which "affected the movement of his left arm and leg and also his ability to speak."[៧៥][៧៦] However, South Korea's intelligence agency rejected this report.[៧៦]
In response to the rumors regarding Kim's health and supposed loss of power, in April 2009, North Korea released a video showing Kim visiting factories and other places around the country between November and December 2008.[៧៧] In 2010, documents released by Wikileaks purportedly attested that Kim suffered from epilepsy.[៧៨]
According to The Daily Telegraph, Kim was a chain-smoker.[៧៩]
Kim's three sons and his brother-in-law, along with O Kuk-ryol, an army general, had been noted as possible successors, but the North Korean government had for a time been wholly silent on this matter.[៨០]
Kim Yong Hyun, a political expert at the Institute for North Korean Studies at Seoul's Dongguk University, has said, "Even the North Korean establishment would not advocate a continuation of the family dynasty at this point."[៨១] Kim's eldest son Kim Jong-nam was earlier believed to be the designated heir but he appears to have fallen out of favor after being arrested at Narita International Airport near Tokyo in 2001 while traveling on a forged passport.[៨២]
On 2 June 2009, it was reported that Kim Jong-il's youngest son, Kim Jong-un, was to be North Korea's next leader.[៨៣] Like his father and grandfather, he has also been given an official sobriquet, The Brilliant Comrade.[៨៤] Prior to his death, it had been reported that Kim Jong Il was expected to officially designate the son as his successor in 2012. However, there are reports that if leadership passes to one of the sons, Kim Jong Il's brother-in-law, Chang Sung-taek, could attempt to seize power.[ត្រូវការអំណះអំណាង]
Re-election as DPRK leader[កែប្រែ]
On 9 April 2009, Kim was re-elected as chairman of the DPRK National Defence Commission,[៨៥] and made an appearance at the Supreme People's Assembly. This was the first time Kim was seen in public since August 2008. He was unanimously re-elected and given a standing ovation.[៨៦]
On 28 September 2010, Kim was re-elected as General secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea.
2010 and 2011 foreign visits[កែប្រែ]
Kim reportedly visited the People's Republic of China in May 2010. He entered the country via his personal train on 3 May, and stayed in a hotel in Dalian.[៨៧] In May 2010, Assistant U.S. Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs Kurt Campbell told South Korean officials that Kim had only three years to live.[៨៨] Kim travelled to China again in August 2010, this time with his son, fueling speculation that he is ready to hand over power to his son, Kim Jong-un.[៨៩]
He returned to China again in May 2011, marking the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance between China and the DPRK.[៩០] In late August 2011, he traveled by train to the Russian Far East to meet with President Dmitri Medvedev for unspecified talks.[៩១]
Personal life[កែប្រែ]
There is no official information available about Kim Jong-il's marital history, but he is believed to have been officially married once and to have had three mistresses.[៩២] He has four known children:
- Kim Jong-nam (son)
- Kim Sul-song (daughter)
- Kim Jong-chul (son)
- Kim Jong-un (son)[៩៣]
Kim's first mistress, Song Hye-rim, was a star of North Korean films. She was already married to another man and with a child when they met;[៩៤] Kim is reported to have forced her husband to divorce her. This relationship, started in 1970, was not officially recognized. They had one son, Kim Jong-nam (born 1971) who is Kim Jong-il's eldest son. Kim kept both the relationship and the child a secret (even from his father Kim Il Sung) until Kim ascended to power in 1994.[៩៥] [៩៤] However, after years of estrangement, Song is believed to have died in Moscow in the Central Clinical Hospital in 2002.[៩៦]
Kim's official wife, Kim Young-sook, was the daughter of a high-ranking military official. His father Kim Il-Sung handpicked her to marry his son.[៩២] The two have been estranged for some years. Kim has a daughter from this marriage, Kim Sul-song (born 1974).[៩៣]
His second mistress, Ko Young-hee, was a Japanese-born ethnic Korean and a dancer. She had taken over the role of First Lady until her death — reportedly of cancer — in 2004. They had two sons, Kim Jong-chul, in 1981, and Kim Jong-un (also "Jong Woon" or "Jong Woong"), in 1983.[៩៥] [៩៧]
After Ko's death, Kim lived with Kim Ok, his third mistress, who had served as his personal secretary since the 1980s. She "virtually acts as North Korea's first lady" and frequently accompanied Kim on his visits to military bases and in meetings with visiting foreign dignitaries. She traveled with Kim Jong Il on a secretive trip to China in January 2006, where she was received by Chinese officials as Kim's wife.[៩៨]
He reportedly had a younger sister, Kim Kyong-Hui (김경희).[៩៩]
Like his father, Kim had a fear of flying,[១០០] and always traveled by private armored train for state visits to Russia and China. The BBC reported that Konstantin Pulikovsky, a Russian emissary who traveled with Kim across Russia by train, told reporters that Kim had live lobsters air-lifted to the train every day.[១០១]
Kim was said to be a huge film fan, owning a collection of more than 20,000 video tapes and DVDs.[១០២] His reported favorite movie franchises included Friday the 13th, Rambo, Godzilla, and Hong Kong action cinema,[១០៣] and any movie starring Elizabeth Taylor.[១០៤] He authored On the Art of the Cinema. In 1978, on Kim's orders, South Korean film director Shin Sang-ok and his actress wife Choi Eun-hee were kidnapped in order to build a North Korean film industry.[១០៥] In 2006 he was involved in the production of the Juche-based movie, Diary of a Girl Student, which depicted the life of a young girl whose parents are scientists, with a KCNA news report stating that Kim "improved its script and guided its production".[១០៦]
Although Kim enjoyed many foreign forms of entertainment, according to former bodyguard Lee Young Kuk, he refused to consume any food or drink not produced in North Korea, with the exception of wine from France.[១០៧] His former chef Kenji Fujimoto, however, has stated that Kim sometimes sent him around the world to purchase a variety of foreign delicacies.[១០៨]
Kim reportedly enjoyed basketball. Former United States Secretary of State Madeleine Albright ended her summit with Kim by presenting him with a basketball signed by NBA legend Michael Jordan.[១០៩] Also an apparent golfer, North Korean state media reports that Kim routinely shot three or four holes-in-one per round.[១១០] His official biography also claims that Kim composed six operas and enjoys staging elaborate musicals.[១១១] Kim referred to himself as an Internet expert.[១១២]
United States Special Envoy for the Korean Peace Talks, Charles Kartman, who was involved in the 2000 Madeleine Albright summit with Kim, characterised Kim as a reasonable man in negotiations, to the point, but with a sense of humor and personally attentive to the people he was hosting.[១១៣] However, psychological evaluations conclude that Kim Jong-il's antisocial features, such as his fearlessness in the face of sanctions and punishment, served to make negotiations extraordinarily difficult.[១១៤]
The field of psychology has long been fascinated with the personality assessment of dictators, a notion that resulted in an extensive personality evaluation of Kim Jong-il. The report, compiled by Frederick L. Coolidge and Daniel L. Segal (with the assistance of a South Korean psychiatrist considered an expert on Kim Jong-il's behavior), concluded that the "big six" group of personality disorders shared by dictators Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, and Saddam Hussein (sadistic, paranoid, antisocial, narcissistic, schizoid and schizotypal) were also shared by Kim Jong-il — coinciding primarily with the profile of Saddam Hussein.[១១៤]
The evaluation found Kim Jong-il appeared to pride himself on North Korea's independence, despite the extreme hardships it appears to place on the North Korean people — an attribute appearing to emanate from his antisocial personality pattern.[១១៤] This notion also encourages other cognitive issues, such as self-deception, as subsidiary components to Kim Jong-il's personality.
Defectors claimed that Kim had 17 different palaces and residences all over North Korea, including a private resort near Baekdu Mountain, a seaside lodge in the city of Wonsan, and a palace complex northeast of Pyongyang surrounded with multiple fence lines, bunkers and anti-aircraft batteries.[១១៥]
According to the Sunday Telegraph, Kim had US$4 billion on deposit in European banks in case he ever needed to flee North Korea. The Sunday Telegraph reported that most of the money was in banks in Luxembourg.[១១៦]
Kim Jong-il died of a suspected heart attack on 17 December 2011 at 08:30 while travelling by train to an area outside Pyongyang.[៥][១១៧] He was succeeded by his youngest son Kim Jong-un, who was hailed by the Korean Central News Agency as the "Great Successor".[១១៨][១១៩][១២០][១២១] The Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) report that during his death, a fierce snowstorm paused and the sky glowed red above the sacred Mount Paektu. The ice on a famous lake also cracked so loud, it seemed to shake the Heavens and the Earth.[១២២]
Kim Jong-il's funeral is scheduled for 28 December in Pyongyang, with a mourning period lasting until the following day. South Korea's military was immediately put on alert after the announcement and its National Security Council convened for an emergency meeting, out of concern that political jockeying in North Korea could destabilise the region. Asian stock markets fell soon after the announcement, due to similar concerns.[៥]
Official titles[កែប្រែ]
- Member, Party Center of the WPK (1970s)
- Dear Leader (Chinaehaneun Jidoja) (late 1970s–1994)
- Member, Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of the DPRK
- Secretary, Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea (1974–1997)
- Presidium Member of the Politburo, WPK Central Committee (1980–2011)
- Supreme Commander, Korean People's Army (25 December 1991 – 17 December 2011)
- Marshal of the DPRK (1993–2011)
- Chairman, National Defence Commission of North Korea (1993–2011)
- Great Leader (Widehan Ryongdoja) (July 1994 – December 2011)
- General Secretary, Workers Party of Korea (October 1997 – December 2011)
- Chairman, Central Military Commission (DPRK) (October 1997 – December 2011)
See also[កែប្រែ]
- [[
Sheets, Lawrence (12 ខែកុម្ភៈ 2004). "A Visit to Kim Jong Il's Russian Birthplace". National Public Radio. Retrieved 19 ខែកុម្ភៈ 2007
"CNN.com". CNN.
"Kim Jong-Il, Kim Il-Sung – In the Family Business – North Korea: Secrets and Lies – Photo Gallery". LIFE. Retrieved 19 ខែធ្នូ 2011.
died on Saturday
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When North Korea's Dear Leader, the chain-smoking Kim Jong-il, 69, died on Saturday
Although a flurry of press dispatches at the time her sister defected claimed that Hye-rim had gone with Hye-rang, in fact, [Hye-rim] continued to live in Moscow until she died in May 2002.
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Biometric authentication is a process of identifying a user's unique characteristics as a means of authentication in a network. Fingerprint authentication is one of the most popular biometric authentication methods because its procedure is easy to use, assimilate and manage.
Comda specializes in a wide variety of solutions and tailoring customer requirements to different biometric fingerprint products in many diverse organizations, which also includes assimilating solutions according to customer requirements. The solutions are developed by engineers from Comda's network of experts while using API from biometric solution manufacturers.In this way, it is possible to match the biometric access control solutions with the customer's needs, including suiting the user interface for Hebrew, adding authentication and management procedures, and more. The flexibility in assimilating the solutions and the ability to supply a tailor-made solution for the customer characterize Comda's activities throughout the years among the numerous customers and projects.
Biometric authentication can also be applied for regular access to an organization's infrastructure instead of using a username and password, like for example domain authentication as it is defined here:
Comda represents a choice of leading international enterprises. For more details about some of their biometric authentication solutions, click on the pictures below:


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Ski- & training Areas
Who invented them? The Swiss. No, unfortunately not. Let's be honest. In this case, it wasn't us. We imported the two wooden slats with bindings from the north. Nothing wrong with that. Now skis are here to stay – and can be brilliantly showcased in the Jungfrau Region.
Ski- and training Areas
Many paths lead to the ski area – by cable car, gondola or train. It's amazing how close we are to the majestic, ice-capped mountains up here. Elegant panorama.
Swishing down the slope against the backdrop of the Eiger, Mönch and Jungfrau peaks is simply sublime. We can even race down the world-famous Lauberhorn trail. No joke. Well, maybe it'd be better to take it a bit easier on the way down. That thing's pretty steep.
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