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Five Steps to Mindfulness
Seven Minute Mindfulness
Seven Minute Mindfulness is an audio targeted at using the most natural way to maintain a good focus and the mindfulness people need for their daily activities. It combines the various religious methods to reach a balance in ensuring the users reach the highest point of mindfulness they can ever attain. To help them reach this height, the program had been prepared to take only seven minutes of your time. Pending the time of its usage, the users will not have to spend a lot of time dealing with it. The Seven Minute Mindfulness was designed to be used on any device. Getting started is simple and will take just a few minutes after ordering. It comes with various bonuses like The Seven Minute Mindfulness Guidebook (A digital manual that comes along with the audio version); Your Little Book Of Mindfulness Exercises (A digital guide to some exercises that can be practised in the house)The product is in a digital format of Audio messages and has been created at a very affordable price. In case it does not meet their demands or desires, the users have the right to ask for a refund of their money within three months. The implication is that they are given the chance to try it at home and if they suddenly become sceptical or grow cold feet, they will get a 100% refund. Read more...
Seven Minute Mindfulness Summary
Contents: Audio Sessions, Manuals
Author: Greg Thurston
Official Website: sevenminutemindfulness.com
Price: $47.00
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The origin of modern human consciousness
The fact that in cognitive terms the Cro-Magnons were already full-fledged modern humans when they entered Europe highlights the question of the geographical origins of the familiar modern human consciousness. The culture of the Cro-Magnons was distinguished above all by its richness of symbolic expression but it was not the first to yield such expressions. Just what it is that transmutes electrochemical signals in the brain into what we experience as consciousness is, of course, unknown and it is in any case beyond my particular expertise to speculate on the anatomical or physio-chemical basis of human consciousness, although we maybe certain that there is a structural modification of some kind at its core. In any case, we are limited by the fact that we cannot use modern instrumentation to peer into working ancient brains to determine differences in function between our brains and those of our closest non-symbolic relatives. And the living great apes are far too remote in common...
Conscious awareness
Books on memory tend to shy away from the discussion of consciousness and related issues. This is surprising on the one hand yet understandable on the other. It is surprising because the relation of consciousness to memory is of great importance in memory research ( amnesia, declarative memory, episodic memory), and conscious awareness is a major criterion in the zeitgeist taxonomy of memory systems. Avoiding the discussion of consciousness is, however, understandable, because despite many centuries of systematic thinking, and the fact that we all know subjectively what it is, consciousness is still an enigma. All authors point to the great difficulty in even defining it (e.g. Crick and Koch 1992 Searle 1992 Block 1995). Because we know so little about consciousness, many authors also believe that premature definitions are counterproductive. The purpose of this discussion is to outline briefly only very limited aspects of conscious awareness that are directly relevant to the...
The premises that underlie the selection of entries the adaptation and formulation of definitions and the views
I am a functionalist1 with a biologist's bias and with conscious awareness of other disciplines. My approach to memory research is guided by the following tenets (a) the function of the brain is to create and retain internal representations of the world that could guide behaviour (b) the function of learning is to permit the adaptation of internal representations to a changing world ( memory is the retention of these adaptations over time) (c) learning and memory require neural plasticity for their actualization and (d) learning and memory are system properties, made possible by the concerted operation of multiple levels of the system.
Scientific Research Programs and the Study of Consciousness
The sad truth about the current state of consciousness studies appears to be that there is nothing even remotely resembling a scientific research program on consciousness. It is easy to see why this is the case There are no shared background assumptions on the basic metaphysical and methodological questions of consciousness. Let me mention a prominent example of this metaphysical heterogeneity inherent in consciousness studies. One central figure in the field, Daniel Dennett (1991), basically says that subjective consciousness does not really exist, whereas another, David Chalmers (1996), suggests that consciousness might be everywhere even very simple physical systems such as electrons, stones, or thermostats have some sort of consciousness. In addition to these rather extreme ideas, a considerable number of other more or less exotic metaphysical views on consciousness can be found in the field.
Toward a Biological Research Program on Consciousness
What makes this problem especially severe is the fact that many, if not most, philosophers within consciousness studies hold views that are incompatible with the suggested biological research program on consciousness. Consequently, such philosophers have already dismissed this partic
The Problem of Finding an Appropriate Metaphysical Basis for the Biological Research Program on Consciousness
Assumptions shared by those working within the program. The formulation of such basic metaphysical assumptions would be a suitable job for philosophers involved in the study of consciousness. However, there appears to be a strange gap between the philosophical and the empirical approaches to consciousness Many current philosophical views that admit the reality of consciousness nevertheless are not consistent with the basic assumptions of a biological research program on consciousness. A number of influential philosophers working within the field of consciousness studies deny that we could ever get an empirical grip on consciousness by studying the brain as a biological system, either because consciousness is not seen as a natural biological phenomenon or because it is not believed to be located in the brain.
Essential Hypertension
Based upon these findings, it seems reasonable to suggest that lowering blood pressure is a necessary, but not sufficient, approach to reducing CVD in patients in whom essential hypertension is present as one of the manifestations of the IRS. Thus, at the simplest, the choice of drugs used to lower blood pressure should be selected with awareness of their possible deleterious effect on the adverse CVD risk factors often present in patients high blood pressure. For example, it is probably not the best approach to treat a patient, who has a high TG and a low HDL-C concentration, with more than 12.5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide, and in the absence of a previous myocardial infarct, to use a beta-blocker. More importantly, aggressive treatment of the dyslipidemia, if present, seems to be highly justified. It must be emphasized that there is no evidence that this approach will decrease CVD risk in hypertriglyceridemic patients with essential hypertension. On the other hand, given the evidence...
The General Linear Model
When we learned statistics, one of the mantras we were taught to mumble, as we searched for inner peace, was ANOVA (analysis of variance) and regression are just subsets of the general linear model. Then, just when it looked like analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was the ideal general method, someone noted that it was also a special case and that there was a more general way of looking at things, which in turn was called the general linear model (GLM). At the time, we had no idea what it actually meant, but it sounded profound and dazzled them at frat parties. Indeed, when we wrote the first and second editions of PDQ Statistics, we still didn't know, and we passed off the explanation as being much too complicated for our dear readers. Well, we finally figured it out. So here goes
An open problem a mystery
skills, for space, for language, for facts, for events, for the self ( taxonomy). Some of these systems may have evolved at first in response to a certain selective pressure but later became adapted to new needs or even paved the way to new faculties and capabilities. Will new memory systems emerge to cope with the new technological environment, what will their capabilities be, and which new opportunities will they open for brain and behaviour 10. And, finally What is consciousness ( conscious awareness) Similarly to enigma 1 above, this issue definitely transcends memory research, yet is intimately related to the function and mechanisms of declarative, particularly episodic memory, and to the role of attention and memory in the binding of our personality over time. Furthermore, to what degree are other species consciously aware of themselves and the world ( anthropomorphism) Will we ever be able to really know what is it like to be a bat (Nagel 1974) And will smart robots (Moravec...
The brain system that endows the subject with the capacity to perform 12 above
Do animals have it If one posits autonoetic awareness as a critical criterion for episodic memory, the issue of whether animals go on mental time travels becomes complicated indeed and by some accounts insolvable. Investigators who address the problem in non-human species almost always set a more modest, yet still admirable, goal to prove that the animal has 'episodic-like' memory, which does not presuppose conscious awareness as a defining criterion. An interesting strategy, which is actually recommended as a general strategy in memory research, is to look for the behavioural ecology of the species, and search for natural situations which could benefit from episodic-like memory. Clayton et al. (2001) list a number of potential candidate systems. One is brood possible for us to identify the conscious awareness of mental time travel, if it ever exists, in other species Can we ever come to know how is it like to be a bat (Nagel 1974), particularly, a nostalgic bat Some say that we will...
Other Types Of Exercise
Yoga has become a very popular activity for many people. Yoga for people with MS can be beneficial in improving overall flexibility and body awareness. In addition, yoga is performed at the level of the participant, so fatigue and balance problems can be minimized. Yoga can be performed through organized classes or by using video tapes to guide you through the different poses. When researching yoga classes, discuss with the instructor any limitations you may have and how they will be accommodated during the class. Many MS clinics and local chapters of the National Multiple Sclerosis Society offer yoga classes specifically for people with MS.
Problems with conversion and dissociative disorder Problems with dissociative amnesia
Dissociation occurs with the loss from conscious awareness of material of which the person was formerly aware and the possibility of recovering this material later (because the loss is not due to normal forgetting). Yet there is also suspicion that fugue states are artificially created. Hacking (39 gives a clear account of the origins of this diagnosis in the work of Charcot and suggests that it originated as a matching diagnosis for dual personality (as multiple personality disorder was known at the time). In France and Germany, where the diagnosis of fugue quickly became popular after Charcot's description, there were many cases among the standing conscript armies. The typical fugueur was a man the typical case of multiple personality disorder was a women. Both conditions arose because doctors accepted their reality and both declined in number when doctors became sceptical about them. The idea was developed in a historical review by Philippe Tissie in a thesis published in 1887 and...
Consciousness as Modular
An alternative conception of consciousness is one of multiple, independent, dissociable perceptual modules. Here the neurobiological ontology takes place at the level of wheel, chassis, engine, and dashboard rather than car. In this conception of consciousness, it makes sense to talk of visual consciousness as dissociable from auditory consciousness, for example, and of multiple independent micro-consciousnesses (Zeki and Bartels 1998) a consciousness-for-color, a consciousness-for-motion, a consciousness-for-faces, and so forth. Each consciousness-for-category has a separate neural correlate (see Figure 14.1b). Once again, the perceptual modularity has no implications for its neurobiological implementation. Each specialized neural correlate could be colocalized within the relevant functionally specialized cortex, localized elsewhere, be distributed across a network, or represent a nonlocalized process. The neural correlate of consciousness-for-color is
Valerie Gray Hardcastle
Consciousness studies, like most areas of study, is replete with cottage industries and fads. Last year it was the Hard Problem (see Chalmers 1996), the follow-up to the Explanatory Gap (see Levine 1983). This year, perhaps in response to the difficulties in convincing skeptics that the Hard Problem is really an Easy Problem or No Problem at All, finding the neural correlates of consciousness (the NCC) is in vogue. At first blush this might seem a more reasonable puzzle to tackle than something like the Hard Problem, since being a correlate is ontologically neutral. All we are doing is looking for the physiological differences between someone who is conscious and someone who is not. Seeking the NCC is feasible even if one has not solved or dissolved the Hard Problem.
The Cognitive Perspective
In the schizotypal, however, cognition seems distorted from the bottom up, as if the associative glue that binds smaller ideas into larger ones was somehow defective (Bleuler, 1911 Meehl, 1962). Cognitive psychologists often talk about neural networks and the notion of spreading activation. According to this model, every concept is like a node connected to many others in a huge conceptual network. When a particular concept is activated, some of its activation spreads out to adjacent nodes. When the activation of two or more different concepts intersects on a third, its activation reaches a threshold, and the concept is bumped up into conscious awareness. Free association works in essentially this way. Christmas, for example, naturally makes you think of Santa Claus, and Thanksgiving conjures thoughts of a turkey dinner. In the schizotypal, however, the idea of Christmas might produce an immediate association to reindeer noses because Rudolph's nose is red. The association to Rudolph...
Towards An Integrated Model Of Consciousness
Consciousness is likely the result of integrated function of multimodal states of the brain. While anyone who attempts to explain consciousness is doomed to be considered reductionalistic, certain aspects can be explained. These isolated components provide at least a glimpse into brain organization and allow for hypotheses about how consciousness arises out of the various processes. There are certain prerequisites to conscious awareness these include alertness and the ability to attend to certain functions. It is essential that there are interconnections of the various processes or components of awareness. When inter-regional coactivations have not been shown by functional neuro-imaging, it might be that these tools are too crude to note the various subtle but essential interconnections. The mystery is that consciousness is more than the sum of its parts. Strategies are needed that go beyond existing approaches.
Distribution Of Prx Repair Enzymes
A recent BLAST search using the human Srx (hSrx) sequence revealed the presence of Srx in organisms ranging from cyanobacterium and baker's yeast to human (representative alignment in Fig. 2) with at least 30 sequence identity. The active site motif GCHR containing the catalytic Cys99 (human numbering scheme) is strictly conserved. The alignment suggests that the Srxs vary predominantly at their N-termini. The plant Arabidopsis thaliana contains a N-terminal targeting sequence for the chloroplast (Liu et al., 2006). Human Srx contains a glycine-rich sequence (35 13 of 37 residues) that is readily removed by limited tryptic digest and leaves the remainder of the protein intact and active (Jonsson et al., 2005). This truncated form of hSrx approaches the size of Nostoc Srx (species PCC7120) that contains only 87 amino acids and represents the minimal catalytic core needed for sulfinic acid reductase activity. It is at the present moment unclear if the extended N-termini of human, rat...
A behavioural routine as in 1 acquired gradually via repetitive experience
Being independent of conscious awareness, habit is by definition a non*declarative (implicit) type of memory (Hirsh 1974 Mishkin et al. 1984 Squire and Zola 1996 skill, taxonomy). As opposed to declarative memory, which is subserved by cortico limbic circuits, habits are subserved by corticostriatal circuits, i.e. reciprocal connections between the cerebral cortex and the basal ganglia (Mishkin et al. 1984 Salmon and Butters 1995 Knowlton et al. 1996 Jog et al. 1999). Two selected studies, one in the rat, the other in Homo sapiens, will serve to illustrate the conserved role of the corticostriatal circuits in the formation and expression of habit in mammals. sunny or rainy, on the basis of four visual patterns, each linked to the weather conditions with a prefixed probability, unknown to the subject in advance. On each trial, one, two, or three of these cues are presented side by side on the computer screen, and the response on each trial is reinforced by visual and auditory feedback....
The type of knowledge that subserves this proficiency
The term 'mental skill' should be avoided as all skills are mental. Skills could be performed in the absence of conscious awareness, hence, are classified as non declarative memory (Squire and Zola 1996). Their acquisition, however, may either involve conscious awareness, i.e. be declarative or explicit, or be independent of conscious awareness, i.e. nondeclarative or implicit.
The Evolutionary Neurodevelopmental Perspective
With Chase, we see an example of narcissistic personality disorder where substance abuse figures prominently. Like other narcissists, Chase is grandiose and entitled. The way he sees it, his novel will be an unmitigated, overwhelming success. Consequently, he feels justified spending all his time working on it and no time with his wife. Regardless, she is expected to cater to his every need, to the point of being his sex slave. If Chase seems less pathological than Leonardo or Gerald, it is because his insecurities are closer to conscious awareness, tempering his grandiosity. Moreover, Gerald's mother simply set a high standard, and Gerald is struggling to justify her faith in him. Chase's parents, at least his father, apparently were both exalting and condemning at the same time. As a result, Chase's personality has a dual aspect. A superficial grandiosity keeps him floating along, but underneath, he can't make up his mind whether he's the boy
Variations of the Avoidant Personality
Thus totally interiorized, the feelings that motivated their initial withdrawal reverberate unremittingly. More and more, they cannot tolerate being themselves and seek to completely withdraw from their own conscious awareness, an existential abnegation of selfhood. Some become increasingly neglectful psychologically and physically, even to the point of neglecting basic hygiene. Some plunge into despair and are driven toward suicide, abandoning life as a means of ridding themselves of inner anguish and horror of their own identities. Others regress into a state of emotional numbness in which they are completely disconnected from themselves. In particularly severe cases, the structure of consciousness itself may split or fragment, leaving a regressive disorganization reminiscent of the schizotypal personality. As this process proceeds, self-deserting avoidants become outside spectators, observing from without the drama of their frightening transformation.
Freuds theory of the mental apparatus motivation structure and functioning Unconscious mental processes the topographic
Freud's starting point(4) was his study of hysterical patients and the discovery that, when he found a way to help these patients piece together a coherent account of the antecedents of their conversion symptoms, dissociative phenomena, and pathological affective dispositions, all these psychopathological phenomena could be traced to traumatic experiences in their past that had become unconscious. That is, these traumatic experiences continued to influence the patients' functioning despite an active defensive mechanism of 'repression' that excluded them from the patient's conscious awareness. In the course of a few years Freud abandoned his early efforts to recover repressed material by means of hypnosis, and replaced hypnosis with the technique of 'free association', an essential aspect of psychoanalytic technique until the present time. Freud instructed his patients to eliminate as much as possible all 'prepared agendas', and to try to express whatever came to mind, while attempting...
The Psychodynamic Perspective
The defensive style of the histrionic personality has been an especially fertile area of psychodynamic investigation. Across the decades, psychodynamic theorists have been repeatedly astonished by their use of massive repression, which Freud called a splitting of consciousness. Histrionics specialize in actively excluding most of what is factual, detailed, and precise from conscious awareness (see Shapiro, 1965). Instead, they possess a need to keep it simple for them, the devil is in the details, literally. In contrast to compulsives, who isolate similarities and differences, ponder small points, and agonize over the possibilities to the point of indecision, histrionics are sensitive only to the overall emotional tone they pick up vibrations and give off vibrations, but everything else is excluded from awareness as being too dangerous for consideration. We've noted this already in Yvonne at the beginning of the interview, where she seems to have a problem focusing on reporting her...
The Interpersonal Perspective
Because schizoids are socially detached, they are often perceived as insensitive, cold, and humorless. Schizoids are indeed insensitive but in the same way that a scale might not display your weight correctly. They are not harsh or callous by nature. Normal persons manage their interpersonal presentation automatically at a level below conscious awareness. Social perception and reaction are so routine that social encounters run smoothly. Such abilities normally begin to develop at birth, with the attachment between mother and infant, and continue to grow in sophistication over most of the life span.
Carl G Jung Jungs Contribution to Personality Theory
Interacting with his famous extroversion-introversion polarity, Jung proposed that thinking-feeling and sensing-intuiting form four additional psychological modes of adaptation or functioning (Jung, 1921). Thinking refers to logical and directed thought, a tendency to approach situations in a cool, detached, and rational fashion feeling refers to a tendency to value your own subjective, emotional appraisals over any rational process. Because feelings very often have multiple contradictory aspects that are deeply felt and have to be figured out, this mode need not refer to impulsive emotionality. Sensation refers to stimuli experienced immediately by the senses. As an orientation, it refers to a tendency to be oriented to the events of the present moment, without reinterpretation or inference. Intuition is the analogue of sensation in the internal world. Like sensation, its products are given immediately to consciousness, without awareness of any intermediate process. As an...
Intentionality development and content
On the other hand, it would be agreed that the person's self-report is no infallible guide here. Absence of an account of perceived real threat by the person so far hardly counts against there being one. The cognitive processing which permeates anxiety is not necessarily conscious, in the sense of conscious awareness or verbal report (Tyrer et al. 1978 Dixon 1981 Kemp-Wheeler and Hill 1987). The assumption that anxiety has intentionality, specifically perception of threat, is thus independent of whether or not the person is aware of, or can say, what the perceived danger is. In general, the information-processing which mediates between perception and action (affective responses and behaviour) may be unconscious, in the sense of being unavailable for, and perhaps misrepresented by, self-report (Sections 1.2.2,1.3.2).
The systematic grouping of entities into categories according to some method of arrangement or distribution
A cardinal criterion in the prevailing taxonomy of long-term memory is that of conscious awareness, i.e. whether the information is accessible to conscious recollection or not. This type of dichotomy was imported into modern neuroscience from philosophy. Kant (1781) distinguished representations with or without consciousness de Biran (1804) spoke of'mechanical memory', in which recall is a 'simple repetition of movements', and 'representative memory', in which recall involves 'the clear appearance of . (an) idea' Bergson (1908) differentiated between habit, the 'memory that repeats', and 'memory per excellence', or 'the memory that imagines' and Ryle (1949) distinguished 'knowing how' from 'knowing that'. 'Knowing how' is also known as 'practical knowledge', and 'knowing that' as 'propositional' or 'factual knowledge' (Bernecker and Dretske 2000).
Looking at Significant Stressors What Else Can Account for Somatic Symptomatology
Sometimes, distortions of reality are corroborated by two or more individuals because of the personality dynamics of their relationship. A narcissistic member of a couple may damn his masochistic counterpart for her failings, while the masochist sits in agreement. To an interviewer focused only on verbal report, the masochist is the problem and, therefore, the proper focus of treatment. Functionally, however, the masochist is what family therapists refer to as the identified patient, the scapegoat whose symptoms help a pathological system limp along. Both subjects distort reality at a level below conscious awareness. The influence of personality style factors in limiting the validity of information, then, extends across both the patient and other informants.
Indications and contraindications Areas of application
Problem-solving skill training attempts to remedy the deficits in cognitive, problem-solving processing abilities that are often found in aggressive young people. One of the best known programmes was developed by Shure and Spivack at Hahnemann University in Philadelphia.(26) They suggested that successful social interaction depends on several skills 'alternative thinking', the ability to generate multiple solutions to problems 'means-end thinking', the ability to choose the desired outcome to a social exchange and 'consequential thinking', the ability to consider the likely consequences of actions. To foster these skills they developed a programme of lessons for preadolescent children that included games, discussion, and group-interaction techniques. The programme has an emphasis on the development of simple word concepts that are necessary for subsequent problem-solving. These words emphasize that there are alternative ways of solving a problem ('I can hit him or tell him I am cross....
A figure of speech in which one entity is described in terms of another
Visual metaphors of brain and memory often intermingle with spatial or written record metaphors. They refer to perception and acquisition in terms of passively perceiving the world or actively throwing light on it (Abrams 1953), and to retrieval as illumination of items in mind (e.g. by an internal searchlight, Baars 1998). Visual metaphors are common when the discussion involves attention and conscious awareness (ibid.). Whereas the images in some of the above metaphors, e.g. the storehouse, remain rather similar over the ages, technological metaphors reflect the machines and gadgets of their period. They tend to be more dynamic than spatial metaphors and describe multiple phases in learning and memory. Examples of technological metaphors include hydraulic networks in the Renaissance (Descartes 1633), and electronics and computers nowadays (Churchland and Sejnowski 1992). Operational and system research by the Allies in
The alert state required for the above
A common connotation of attention is conscious awareness (definition 2). Does this mean that attentive nonhuman species can be consciously aware of their dids, and if so, which species Definitions 1 and 3 above fit situations in which conscious awareness cannot be proven or even assumed. Another definition, suggested by Hebb, also does not specify consciousness 'central facilitation of the activation of one assembly by the previous one' (Hebb 1949) this view of attention depends, however, on the validity of the notion of cell assembly. As far as the relationship of attention to conscious awareness is concerned, it is noteworthy that on the one hand, even humans may not be aware of activity in a cortical area assumed to be involved in some atten-tional tasks (Crick and Koch 1995) on the other hand, some degree of conscious awareness is expected to exist in other species as well (example in classical conditioning). It is therefore useful to regard attention as involving a spectrum of...
Dualism and Its Discontents
The issues surrounding the relation between computation and mind are becoming relevant because of the complete failure of dualism as an explanation of human consciousness. Dualism is the doctrine that people's minds are formed of nonphysical substances that are associated with their
The memory system that subserves the above
For facts ('semantic'), and memory for episodes ('episodal', 'autobiographical' Tulving 1983 episodic memory). Episodic memory, and sometimes semantic memory, single-trial learning, yet could be modified over time, either by additional facts, new experiences, or retrieval in new contexts. Episodic memory includes information about an experience locked to a particular time and place, whereas semantic memory is not locked to specific coordinates in these dimensions. Some authors classify 'episodic' apart from 'declarative' (Tulving and Markowitsch 1998). Similarly, in episte-mology, 'knowledge by acquaintance', i.e. of people, places, and things, is distinguished from propositional or factual knowledge (Bernecker and Dretske 2000). The term 'cognitive memory' is also occasionally used for recollection with conscious awareness (Mishkin et al. 1997). 'Explicit' and 'implicit' (Graf and Schacter 1985 Schacter 1987) are sometimes used in the literature instead of 'declarative' and...
Poppers criticism of materialism
Life emerged from matter, consciousness from life, and objective knowledge (especially scientific theories) from human consciousness (Popper & Eccles 1985 11). Popper calls the physical and biological world World 1 , the set of all mental states World 2 , and the set of all cultural products of human intelligence - from myths to works of art, scientific theories, other abstract objects, and social institutions - World 3 . Given these definitions he maintains that the second world emerged from the first world and the third world from the second world. In other words, life is the result of physical and chemical processes, consciousness (that Popper seems to identify with 'mentality' at large in an Cartesian vein) emerged from life at a certain point of the evolution of species, and only through the intelligent activity of human beings, that is, by repeated mental acts, all products of human culture were brought about. Therefore, there is no life without matter, no minds without brains,...
Recognition testA test situation in which the subject judges the familiarity or recency of a stimulus
The aforementioned types of knowledge are reflected in an influential model of recognition, called the dual-process model (Juola et al. 1971 Mandler 1980 Jacoby 1991 Yonelinas 1999). As the name implies, this model depicts recognition as being subserved by two qualitatively different processes. One process is the judgement of familiarity it is generally considered to be automatic and fast.1 The other process is termed recollection, or search, or retrieval.2 It is considered to be intentional and slower, and refers to the retrieval of information about the target and its context. This complements the familiarity decision, and identifies specific attributes of the target and the context. The familiarity process is also labelled K (for 'know') and the recollection process R (for 'remembe ). The terms 'recollection', 'remember', and 'know' connote conscious awareness, and indeed, the use of these terms in the context of recognition stems from human memory research, where remembering and...
A procedure or technique for the analysis of a phenomenon process or mechanism a test
Lack of an appropriate assay may hinder the development of a field or the resolution of a major research problem. For example, some types of behavioural assays engage the hippocampus and are sensitive to hippocampal damage. However, at the time of writing there is still no satisfying behavioural assay to tap exclusively into hippocampal function in primates. Such a task will be very useful in clarifying the role of the hippocampus in memory. The hippocampus can also be invoked to illustrate a potential problem in the use of assays. This is the problem of 'circular argumentation'. Thus, given that a hippocampal lesion impairs performance on task X under condition A, some investigators are quick to use task X under conditions other than A to determine whether the hippocampus is involved, as if task X is an established probe for hippocampal involvement. Failure or success on task X, however, may result from parameters specific to condition A that do not generalize to other conditions of...
Classical conditioning
Circuits and possibly mechanisms ( algorithm). Compare, for example, trace conditioning to delay conditioning (Figure 14) whereas in delay conditioning the CS and US overlap on-line part of the time, in trace conditioning, the subject must hold off-line information about the CS before the US onset. Therefore, trace conditioning is expected to engage brain regions that are not required for conditioning that depends on on-line information only. This was indeed found (Moyer et al. 1990 Clark and Squire 1998 conscious awareness, declarative learning). This also raises the question whether classical conditioning should be considered as a distinct type of memory system, specifically, a nondeclarative memory system, as is advocated by the current zeitgeist ( taxonomy).
Early Historical Forerunners
Because self-reports measure what is accessible to conscious awareness, Bornstein (1993) asked whether the difference between males and females would be found when using projective tests intended to tap motives outside conscious awareness, in the realm of the unconscious, not available for self-report.
Variations of the Schizoid Personality
Although more characteristic of the avoidant personality development, children subjected to intense hostility and rejection very early in life may protectively withdraw so completely that their native capacity for feeling and relating to others becomes permanently reduced. Here, youngsters otherwise capable of normal interpersonal adjustment learn that such desires and emotions yield only anguish and disillusionment. Unlike the basic schizoid, some capacity for feeling and relating remains with the remote schizoid, but the wish for affective bonding has been so completely repressed that it no longer enters conscious awareness. Remote schizoids who are more severely impaired may also possess features of the schizotypal personality.
Psychological Treatments
In general, those older adults with a personality disorder are also not well suited to the stage-appropriate tasks of life review and self-reflection (Solomon, Falette, & Stevens, 1982). They have great difficulty identifying or tolerating affect they are prone to acting it out or in rather than being able to bring affect to conscious awareness and to consider it objectively. Also, the individual often has had a long history replete with failure and conflict, so encouraging a deep and meaningful review may be harmful rather than helpful.
Personality and Self Reflection
Although mechanisms of self-protection, need gratification, and conflict resolution are consciously recognized at times, they operate primarily on an unconscious level. The goal is always the same to protect conscious awareness from overwhelming feelings of anxiety. Nevertheless, the defense mechanisms are rarely open to conscious reflection, at least without many sessions of psychotherapy. As such, they often contribute to vicious circles, intensifying the very problems they were intended to avoid. Some defense mechanisms are simple, others are complex, and still others, convoluted. This domain of personality is associated most closely with the psychodynamic perspective on personality.
Nondualist Explanations of Consciousness
The field of consciousness studies has been quite busy lately. There seem to be two major camps on the mind-body problem those who believe that we already have the tools we need to explain the mind, and those who believe that we don't and perhaps never will. McGinn is in the pessimistic camp, as is Nagel (1975) and others. I'm an optimist.
A lasting shift in the set point of a homeostatic system
3This argument fits the anti-Panglossian paradigm, see 'paradigm. 4No assumptions are being made here concerning 'conscious awareness of this potential causality, or the validity of the assumed causality. See also Macphail (1996) and Heyes and Huber (2000). 5This is an appropriate point to note that many authors distinguish functional from structural plasticity. The truth is that 'functional' plasticity also involves modification in some hardware component(s) of the system, hence is structural. It is all a matter of the level of 'reduction. What those who speak about structural plasticity mean, is morphological plasticity those structural changes in the tissues that are detectable down to the level of electron microscopy (see example in 'development, Figure 25, p. 81).
David J Chalmers
What does it mean to be a neural correlate of consciousness At first glance, the answer might seem to be so obvious that the question is hardly worth asking. An NCC is a neural state that directly correlates with a conscious state, or that directly generates consciousness, or something like that. One has a simple image When your NCC is active, perhaps your consciousness turns on in a corresponding way. But a moment's reflection suggests that the idea is not completely straightforward, and that the concept needs some clarification.
The unconscious
While declarative or autobiographical memory involves remembered events and narratives of one's life, procedural memory stores the 'how' of executing sequences of actions, such as motor skills. Once guitar-playing or bicycle-riding has been mastered, no conscious recall is necessary when one sits down with a guitar or jumps on a bicycle. The schema referred to as unconscious internal-object relations are to some extent procedural memories repeated again and again in a variety of interpersonal situations. They are non-conscious, but not dynamically unconscious, in the sense of being defensively banished from conscious awareness. The notion that much of mental life is unconscious is one that is most challenged by psychoanalytical critics, but it is also one that is extensively validated by literature from experimental psychology 3) Research subjects who have bilateral lesions to the hippocampus have great difficulty learning that two discrete events are connected, but their emotional...
Antti Revonsuo
The field of consciousness studies is full of talk about the science of consciousness. For example, the landmark conferences in Tucson strive Toward a Science of Consciousness the professional organization in the field is the Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness and the journal Consciousness and Cognition offers a natural-science approach to consciousness. However, there is little discussion on what it actually requires for a field to constitute a true science of consciousness. Indeed, despite all the talk, there is still no such coherent, established branch of science.
If, instead of just talking about the science of consciousness, the field of consciousness studies truly wants to proceed toward it, then we should realize what is required for a field to constitute a branch science. In this paper I have argued that we need a biological research program on consciousness a systematic, empirically based, natural-science approach which sees consciousness as a real, natural, biological phenomenon in the brain. This program is to include a view of consciousness that can be taken seriously as an empirical hypothesis.
Motor disorders
More dramatic than subtle motor incoordination are the rare catatonic motor disorders. Catatonia entails disturbance of voluntary motor activity and posture. The level of activity can be either decreased or increased. In extreme cases of hypoactivity the patient is in a stupor, and is unresponsive to stimuli, but usually retains conscious awareness. In hyperactive states the patient often maintains a stereotypic activity for prolonged periods. Even less common are conditions such as waxy flexibility, in which a patient's body can be moulded into an unusual posture, which is then sustained for lengthy periods, and echopraxia, in which the patient mimics the voluntary motor actions of the examiner.
Similar Suggestions
We discovered the third suggestion in a brief report of a meeting on consciousness (Journal of Consciousness Studies 4 1997 396), outlining the ideas of Richard Stevens (1997). In brief, from periods of closely observed introspection he concluded that Conscious awareness is essentially perceptual. It consists entirely of perceptual images. These may be directly stimulated by outside events or internally generated in the more elusive and less well defined form of remembered or imagined percepts.
Dissociative disorders are uncommon but may be associated with impaired conscious awareness (fugue) or memory (amnesia). Mixed pictures may occur. The characteristic course of these disorders is of sudden onset, short course, and sudden termination. They may therefore be mistaken at first for delirium. In dissociative states, however, the disturbance of consciousness is often associated with a loss of sense of personal identity, which is rare in delirium. Likewise, amnesia tends to be relatively circumscribed to episodic (past personal) memory, with semantic (past impersonal) memory remaining relatively intact.87 Such a picture is not seen in delirium. In many cases of dissociative disorder a psychosocial stressor may be identified, which may have meaningful connections with an event in the patient's distant past.
Self and personality
Continuity and consistency in conscious awareness and control of mental states and action, are closely linked to the concepts of self, subjectively experienced, and person or personality, as experienced by others. The extent to which individuals vary from situation to situation, and the extent to which they show consistency has been a source of extended and unresolved debate (Mischel 1968, 1973, 1979 Bem 1983). However in summary the evidence may be taken to indicate that there is both variability and consistency, and that in general the consistency is less in individual behaviours than in underlying organizational principles. Personality is 'that which gives order and congruence to all different kinds of behaviour in which the individual engages' (Hall and Lindzey 1978) and personality traits are 'enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself and are exhibited in a wide range of important social and personal contexts' (American...
The presence or absence of conscious awareness is a major criterion in the zeitgeist taxonomy of learning and memory. Suffice it to note in the present context that conscious awareness in learning does not entail conscious awareness in retention and retrieval, and vice versa ( declarative memory). When information is acquired in an incidental manner, without awareness of what has been learned, the process is termed 'implicit learning', as opposed to 'explicit learning' (Seger 1994 Whittlesea and Wright 1997). The distinction between 'implicit' and 'explicit' learning has been used extensively in tasks involving rule learning in
The Souls of Robots
If we list the attributes we associate with human consciousness in order from those that are intrinsically associated with consciousness to those that seem peculiarly human, the list might look like that shown in figure 6.1. Suppose we assume for the sake of argument that robots will eventually have agility (the ability to manipulate physical objects gracefully) and intelligence (the ability to find solutions to difficult problems). Then, I claim, they will inevitably have free will, emotion, and phenomenal consciousness (experiences with qualia). I argued as much in chapter 3. However, they might have all those things and still not have much linguistic ability. Language appears to be a separate faculty. They might also seem intelligent but not creative, although, as I argued in chapter 2, creativity is not an ability, but a term of praise for intellectual feats that we admire. On the other hand, I don't see any reason why robots couldn't have language and, on occasion, be creative.
It is important to re-emphasize that 'priming' covers heterogeneous processes, which are expected to be subserved by multiple circuits and mechanisms in the brain.3 The common denominator to all these processes is the nonconscious use-dependent facilitation of the processing and retrieval of an item.4 Sensitization also facilitates future processing, retrieval, and performance, but is nonspecific, whereas priming depends on the specificity of the item(s) presented in the study phase. In some of its properties, such as the independence of conscious awareness, priming resembles habit and skill. In others, it resembles declarative memory it provides the brain with specific, discriminative, and precise information about events in the world. Tulving (1983) speculated that in performing priming experiments, we tap into memory capabilities that had emerged in phylogenesis after procedural memory systems but before declarative memory, and have played an important part in the life of early...
Tells him that young geese follow the farmer around without previous conditioning or training. If Lorenz were to add that the young goose knows that it should follow the farmer, or that the farmer is a friend, philosophical ears would be pricked' (Cooper 1972). However, first of all, 'knowledge' is here used in its most reductive connotation, not necessarily involving conscious awareness ( internal representation) second, irrespective of the status of philosophical ears, the question whether animals are 'consciously aware' or not is not yet settled ( declarative memory).
Perception refers to the further processing of sensory information, providing a symbolic concept of what is happening in the external world. Usually, perception overrides sensation, so that we are aware of an external event or object rather than the fact that we are receiving a sensation. In object vision, the image is segmented into background and foreground and the impressions are fused into shapes and objects. The conscious appreciation of the object involves reception by the primary visual cortex, processing in the visual cortex, transfer to visual association areas and links with visual memory stores. In addition, the focusing of attention is necessary for awareness to occur. If the primary visual cortex is destroyed or isolated (even though it may be activated), conscious awareness does not occur. This is not to deny the occurrence of blindsight (a meaningful response to the visual stimulus, even though the patient denies the awareness of the stimulus). This illustrates the...
'Memory' could be subjected to multiple taxonomies, based on different dimensions, such as duration, associativity, conscious awareness, and behavioural function (e.g. Augustine 400 de Biran 1804 James 1890 Bergson 1908 Hebb 1949 Ryle 1949 Tolman 1949 Milner et al. 1998). Such taxonomies are exemplified under learning above. The rationale and evidence for selected classifications of memory are detailed in the relevant entries in this book. At this point, it is useful to consider briefly only a few general properties of memory.
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The Ariete Co. made the Cafe Prestige Lello 1375 espresso maker to use both ground coffee and pre-packaged espresso pods. This stainless steel espresso maker has a removable 2-1/4 quart water bin in the rear that can be refilled without having to remove it. This makes using the 1375 a breeze. Just grind your own espresso beans -- or buy some from the store -- fill the water pot, and you're almost done already.
Fill the water reservoir to the fill line. Turn on your Prestige 1375 with the front knob and allow it time to heat up: This will take about five minutes.
Grind your beans in the 1375's single or double shot container. This is attached to the device's front handle. Tamp the grindings down firmly with the tamper provided by Ariete.
Insert the grounds into the machine by slipping the container into its corresponding slot and sliding the handle to the front.
Place your espresso cup under the pour spout. Add a few tablespoons of cream to the top pour bin for frothing, if desired. If you've added cream, wait an additional five minutes for it to heat.
Slide the power knob to "Brew" and the espresso will begin to pour.
Add cream frothing, by pulling the frothing knob -- located on the 1375's right side -- toward you while the espresso is pouring, and the espresso will be touched with a froth of cream. Slide the frothing knob backward to stop the process.

subset: commoncrawl


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When most people think about the sports sector, they conjure up images of packed stadia hosting lucrative Premier League or Champions League football fixtures.
But while football undoubtedly captures the attention of millions and generates significant revenue through ticket sales, sponsorship and broadcasting rights, this is by no means the extent of the UK market.
While there are 134 professional football clubs in England and Scotland (including four from Wales that play in the English league), there are thousands of other clubs, ranging from semi-professional outfits to approximately 20,000 grassroots clubs. In addition, there are countless golf, cricket, tennis, rugby and hockey clubs, all of which contribute not only to the health of local communities but to the economy too, including providing employment for local people working in bars or kitchens.
There there's the wider fitness and health club sector. The UK fitness industry is now estimated to be worth around £5 billion a year, according to Leisure GB's 2018 State of the UK Fitness Industry Report, and reported a 4.6 per cent growth in the 12-month period to the end of March 2018, in part due to the popularity of group exercise activities such as yoga, pilates and HIIT classes.
As well as the economic benefits, sports generate a number of other positives, including meeting new people and socialising – something that can be difficult for the self-employed – and increasing levels of fitness and productivity.
Many small businesses also benefit from the sports sector, either directly or indirectly. Suppliers of kit, machinery, clothing and trophies all rely on grassroots clubs and events, while builders, plumbers, electricians and decorators help ensure pitches, pools, clubhouses and changing facilities are kept in good condition.
Many also invest back into the sector, sponsoring teams and paying for kit – which also contributes to the development of sports and the wider economy.
In all, the total wellness and fitness sector is now worth £21.4 billion – an increase from £17.3 billion in 2010 – and is forecast to hit £22.7 billion by 2020, according to Statista.
National Federation of Self Employed & Small Businesses LimitedSir Frank Whittle Way / Blackpool / FY4 2FE. National Federation of Self Employed & Small Businesses Limited (FSB) is registered in England, number 1263540Privacy Policy / Cookie Policy / Accessibility Statement


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Kerala Style Vegetarian Stew or Ishtew Recipe
When we talk about Kerala, we are transported to the gorgeous backwaters, immense greenery, pleasant weather, the tea plantations and spices. The recent devastation due to rains have destroyed much of the beauty but has not been able to shake the undying spirit of the people who are now struggling hard to revive their home, land and their spirit to overcome the loss of their loved ones too.
Being a Keralite (I hail from Palakkad), the news of the devastation deeply disturbed me. Though, I have to admit, I have not seen much of Kerala, since I was born and brought up in Mumbai and my parents and grandparents moved to Mumbai much earlier so there is nothing much left for me to go back. Nevertheless, the place has my heart for 2 reasons – Guruvayoor and my paternal side Ancestral deity which are my roots.
So, inspite of being a busy month with Ganesh Chaturthi Celebrations at home and managing several other commitments, I couldn't say no to the Shhhh Cooking Group on FB when they announced that this month, we would be cooking from the Kerala Cuisine as an ode to the lost lives and property and with a wish that things resume back to normalcy. Presenting Kerala Style Vegetarian Stew or Ishtew Recipe
Happy to be partnered with Jayashree Trao who blogs at Evergreendishes and receiving my two secret ingredients namely (1) Ginger and (2) Black Pepper, I decided to make one of my favourite vegetarian side options, the Veg Stew or Ishtew as its called. Do check out Jayashree's blog for some lovely recipes.
Kerala Style Veg Stew is a thin gravy or broth that is flavoured with the best of Kerala spices namely Peppercorns, cardamom, cloves and cinnamon. Another key ingredient the dish uses, is coconut milk. Coconut grows in abundance in Kerala and perhaps the reason it forms part of all the gravies, vegetarian sides and even rice dishes too. Some add garlic to the stew whereas some skip as it gets a bit overpowering. I have skipped garlic and only added the pearl onions to the gravy.
Originally the Kerala Christians made the stew with chicken and some vegetables like potatoes and flavoured with all the Kerala spices and thickened the gravy using coconut milk. However, the Hindus adapted the same recipe and replaced the chicken with loads of vegetables like French beans, carrots, peas, potatoes and cauliflower. This stew recipe is gluten free and vegan.
The Kerala Style Veg Stew has a medium consistency broth which is extremely flavourful and aromatic – courtesy the fresh local spices. Its best eaten as part of breakfast with Appams or Idiappams. Appams are similar to dosas but spongier and softer in texture with crisp edges. Idiappams are string hoppers which is basically rice flour passed through a cylindrical press and then steamed, served with either the stew or even plain coconut milk mixed with some sugar.
Aviyal or Avial, another Kerala favourite is made using mixed vegetables and cooked in a coconut based gravy is completely different from the Stew. It doesn't include whole spices nor coconut milk. But this vegetable forms part of all the Onam and Vishu Sadya meals in every home. Do check out the recipe on the blog.
Our trips to Kerala and Guruvayoor in particular are incomplete without all the breakfast specials like Puttu and Kadala curry with papadam or Appam and Stew, or my eternal favourite which is Puttu Pansarai (sugar) and ghee.
If you are in love with this dish, as much as we are at home, check out the recipe with the step by step pics and make a piping bowl of Stew today. Did I tell you that the stew tastes amazing with toasted crisp bread slices? Haven't tried that combo yet? Please do!
Recipe for Kerala Style Vegetarian Stew or Ishtew Recipe with step by step pics
Prep Time – 10 mins (if you are opting for readymade coconut milk)
– 30 mins (if you opt to make coconut milk from scratch)
Cook Time – 20 mins
Serves 2 nos.
- 1 cup of mixed vegetables (carrots, peas, French beans and potatoes)
- ¼ cup finely sliced shallots or pearl onions
- 1 cup of Coconut milk (1/2 cup thick and ½ cup thin)
- 2 tsps of coconut oil
- 1 tsp of grated Ginger
- 4 to 5 cloves
- ½ inch cinnamon stick
- 1 bay leaf
- 8 nos. peppercorns
- 1 star anise
- 1 black cardamom
- Few curry leaves
- 1/2 cup water to cook the vegetables
- Salt as per taste
- Finely slice the shallots or pearl onions. In case you don't have the pearl onions, add the white ones instead of red as they have mild taste.
- Heat a kadhai or a non stick pan and add coconut oil followed by the whole spices like pepper, bay leaf, star anise, cinnamon, cardamom and cloves.
- Now add the onions followed by grated ginger. Saute this mixture for a few minutes until the onions turn translucent in colour.
- Add the mixed vegetables, some water and salt. Close the pan with the lid and allow the vegetables to cook.
- Once the vegetables have cooked (they should retain their texture and not turn mushy), add the thick coconut milk.
- Stir well, add curry leaves and let it simmer for few seconds (without a lid).
- You will see the stew thickening. Now add the ½ cup of thin coconut milk and stir the mixture well.
- Let it simmer for a few seconds on low heat.
- Switch off the gas and serve it piping hot with idiappam or string hoppers, dosas, appam or even with chapatis or rotis.
Recipe Notes
- The cup measurement used is 1 cup is 200 ml.
- You can use canned coconut milk too for this recipe. Adjust consistency and thickness with some warm water accordingly.
- You can steam the vegetables and add them to the spice mix too but I prefer to cook the vegetables with the whole spices as the stew smells pretty good.
- Add a variety of vegetables. I have added the staple and in season variety. You can add cauliflower or broccoli too if you like.
Vidya Narayan


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The individual is known as Kurt Geiger and it is also a name of the shop which offers boots and outfit for women. The background of the person can be an inspiration to everyone who enjoys outfits trade.
Kurt Geiger started his first shop in London, the Great Britain in 1963. The store originally was situated at Bond Street. Over ten years later, in 1977 the Kurt Geiger's goods were sold in 1 of the most popular mall known as Harrods. In 1991, the products were also presented at Selfridges.
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Luke Perry passes away aged 52 just days after the Beverly Hills 90210 star was rushed to the hospital following a massive stroke.
Gotham's villains are getting really evil!
Every Batman fan must be on cloud nine right now. Fox's hit show Gotham Season 3 is finally shaping up and its villains are looking more scary than ever before.
So maybe it's only a matter of time before we see the young Bruce Wayne (David Mazouz) transform from a broken little child into a fully-fledged crime-fighting machine
Wolf Creek (TV Series) – Episode 1 Review
Written by Lewis Mainwaring
Wolf Creek is a 2016 Australian drama horror thriller web television series.
It is a spin-off of the movies Wolf Creek and Wolf Creek 2 – and gets its UK television debut tonight (30th August – 10PM) on FOX.
John Jarratt, who portrayed Mick Taylor in the films, reprises his role for the series.
Gotham Season 3 Synopsis Released!
Fox has released fresh photos of it's Gotham Cast ahead of Season 3 which premieres Sept. 19.
These photos include the first image of Maggie Geha as Poison Ivy who is replacing Clare Foley, who played the child Ivy Pepper in the first two seasons of Gotham.
The Simpsons: 25 Years On
Written by Lewis Mainwaring
The Simpsons first episode premiered 25 years ago on 17th of December 1989 with the episode Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire.
25 years on and The Simpsons is now the longest-running animated comedy. 26 seasons, 1 movie and enough merchandise to fill the Springfield Gorge – the shows still going strong.
The show focuses on the eponymous family in the town of Springfield in an unnamed U.S. state.The head of the Simpson family, Homer, is not a typical family man. A nuclear-plant employee, he does his best to lead his family but often finds that they are leading him. Continue reading


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Why do movie stars always look great in photos no matter which pose they choose? The answer is simple: they know a certain number of little secrets that help them to accentuate their most attractive features and hide what they don't want us to see.
With this in mind, we at WeGoRo decided to show you what the most common mistakes are when taking photographs and the best ways to avoid them. Try to remember them, and your future photographs are guaranteed to look great.
Try not to cover each other up using your hands, as this focuses too much emphasis on the hands themselves rather than on each individual as a whole. Slightly turn your body toward the camera, pay attention to your posture, and don't lower your head too much.
A raised arm makes the size of your shoulders and your arm itself just look larger. It also has the effect of making the individual look larger than they actually are. Instead, lower your arms and bend them slightly. This will look more elegant, plus it makes you appear slimmer.
By leaning and holding on to her partner, the woman in the photograph on the left appears to be falling over. Moreover, the effect of this pose is to make both individuals look too relaxed. If one partner stands slightly behind the other, however, the shot is much more successful.
It's better not to place your head on your partner's shoulder — because of differences in height, this often looks vaguely ridiculous. Instead, stand slightly behind him and press up very lightly against his shoulder. Remember to retain good posture and not squeeze your face against him. This looks more attractive, and it will also make you appear thinner.
As we noted above, it's best to avoid covering your partner with your hands and arms. A strong embrace could end up looking like you're strangling your partner. A much better pose to adopt is to half face the camera with your shoulders spread wide, slightly hugging your partner.
When hugging your partner for a photograph, you need to be careful to make sure you don't appear to be falling on them with your entire body. Also avoid placing your arms completely over their shoulders. Instead, stand a little behind them and lean on them slightly. Place your arms lightly on their shoulders without joining your hands together.
A pose in which the man kisses his partner on the forehead should be avoided, as this often means the woman ends up with her face buried in his shirt. A more successful pose involves kissing on the temple.
Try not to lean your heads against each other, as it can almost look like you're physically joined together. Your shoulders should be spread out and slightly turned toward the camera.
The ideal moment for a photo here is one second before the kiss takes place. The kiss itself doesn't always work as the focus of a photograph, as it often involves two people's noses being squashed together. Or, in the worst cases, it looks like they're eating each other's faces.
Don't overdo it when hugging your partner in a photograph, otherwise you run the risk of looking like one strangely shaped figure. For a successful photograph, all that has to happen is for the man to draw the woman in slightly toward him and kiss her lightly on the cheek. And, once again, don't forget about your posture.
Photographer: Roman Zakharchenko for BrightSide.me


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Cooper Johnson
27 articles found for this tag.
Cape Cod League Position Rankings: Catcher
NC State's Patrick Bailey headlines our list of the top dozen catching prospects in the Cape League this summer. Check out our scouting reports on all 12.
Cape Cod Scouting Trail: Bourne Braves
Anthony Prato is one of several UConn players who stood out for Bourne this summer. PBR's Dan Jurik breaks down some of the Bourne standouts.
The Scouting Trail: Week Five
In our latest scouting notebook, David Seifert breaks down prospects for Tennessee and Ole Miss, while we have nuggets on Oregon State's Cadyn Grenier and others.
Ole Miss Shows Resilience Out West
Grae Kessinger led Ole Miss to a big offensive surge on Sunday, as the Rebels responded well to adversity and snapped out of Saturday's malaise.
D1 Digest: Saturday, Feb. 24
Washington righthander Joe DeMers threw a perfect game, headlining our inside look at Saturday's college baseball action.
2019 College Top 100 Prospects
Though it's still early for the 2019 MLB draft, Florida's Tyler Dyson headlines a star-studded list of Top 100 prospects for next year's draft.
Power Rankings: Catcher
Baylor's Shea Langeliers headlines our list of the top 30 catchers in college baseball heading into 2018.
2018 Conference Previews: SEC
Rising sophomore righthander Tyler Dyson and Florida lead the way, as we preview the SEC with standings, awards, prospect lists and in-depth team reports.
Top 25 Breakdown: No. 9 Ole Miss
Ryan Rolison headlines a deep pitching staff for Ole Miss, which should make serious noise as its young talent grows up this year.
Fall Report: Ole Miss
If sophomores like Thomas Dillard jump forward as Ole Miss expects, the Rebels have the depth and talent to be a top-10 club in 2018.
WeePre: All Eyes On OmaHouston
It's like a mini College World Series in Houston and we get you ready like no other.
Young Rebels Prove Precocious
Ole Miss aced its first major test of the 2017 season, clinching a series against a battle-harded East Carolina club on Saturday.
Position Power Rankings: Catcher
TCU's Evan Skoug leads our list of college baseball's top 50 catchers heading into the 2017 season.
Top 100 Freshman Prospects
Ole Miss' Grae Kessinger is one of several infielders near the top of our list of Top 100 Freshman prospects.
2017 Conference Previews: SEC
Alex Faedo and Florida hope to finally grab that elusive national title as we preview the SEC with team breakdowns, prospect lists and more.
Fall Report: Ole Miss
Ole Miss has a decidedly young roster headed into 2017, but this fall has also proven that the Rebels are also one of the highest upside teams in the nation.
2016 Recruiting Class Rankings: 1-10
As we look ahead to the 2017 season, we examine the top 30 classes of newcomers in the nation concluding with numbers 1-10.
Fall Snapshot: Dissecting Teams 16-20
Fall workouts are finally here and we take an in-depth look at situations at Ole Miss, East Carolina, Rice, Clemson and N.C. State.
MLB Draft Reports: 51-60
With the MLB Draft approaching, we take a look at the scouting reports on prospects 51-60 from our Top 150 Draft Prospects list.
Top 150 Prospects: 2016 Draft
Mercer's Kyle Lewis is one of many on our list of high school and college prospects.
2016 Draft: Top 100 High School Prospects
Vanderbilt commit Jason Groome remains atop our updated high school Top 100, but South Carolina has the most commits on the list.
High School Top 50: Stories To Watch
Lefthander Jason Groome is part of a special group of premium arms that headline the 2016 high school class, writes Frankie Piliere.
2016 High School Top 50 Prospects
LSU commit Riley Pint is hot on the heels of Vandy commit Jason Groome, as Frankie Piliere details his first version of the nation's Top 50 high school prospects.


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Loren ready to answer issue on transfer of registration
Senator Loren Legarda will face the issue regarding her transfer of residency to Pandan, Antique, according to Vice Governor Edgar Denosta.
Legarda, who filed her application for transfer of voter's registration on September 28, will run for a congressional post in Antique province in the upcoming midterm elections.
On October 4, former Antique vice governor Robin Rubinos filed his opposition against Legarda's application to transfer from Malabon City to Mag-aba, Pandan at the Commission on Elections office in Pandan.
"It is no longer a surprise for us," said Denosta, who is the running mate of incumbent Governor Rhodora Cadiao in 2019.
According to Rubinos, Legarda is not a qualified resident of Pandan because "she has not fulfilled the requirements in acquiring a new domicile in Mag-aba, Pandan, Antique."
The Election Registration Board is set to review Legarda's application and Rubinos' opposition on October 25.


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This is a part of the build that I have been both excited and concerned about. Adding the Corten elements to the exterior of our self build.
I've never actually worked with the material before so it feels a little out of my comfort zone to use it now.
Shipped down from Scotland, we're using the Corten panels above all of the windows, on top the cladding through our courtyard area and on either end of the building, and then adding Corten cap over the top of the parapet. We're even going to incorporate it into the growing beds on our roof garden and around our sunken staircase.
When it arrived on site, there were concerns about the stiffness of the Corten and whether we would be able to bend and mould it as we needed, and about whether our chosen fixing method would work.
As luck would have it, the process couldn't have gone any smoother, and we are so pleased with how it looks.
Why Did We Choose Corten?
Corten is a mild steel alloy that, as it rusts, creates a weathered appearance on the surface.
If we had used normal steel, over time the rust will peel away and reveal a fresh layer of steel which will then rust and peel away, and so on, gradually eroding the material.
With Corten, the mix of the metals in its make up means that once it has created the surface layer of rust, it doesn't expand and flake. The rust acts as a protective layer and creates the industrial look we were aiming for.
What I really like about the industrial feel of the material is that it reflects the industrial history of the area we are in and complements the local ironstone facade of the building. That bringing together of geology and history together through architecture feels almost poetic.


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You can add your company emblem, banner or almost any other artwork to this product. Add items to your shopping basket to select personalisations. This product is suitable for embroidery, screen printing, vinyl transfer, direct to garment printing and flocking.


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A British International School
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My name is Charlotte Longbottom and I am 25 years old. Since qualifying in 2014 I have taught in 3 classes; Year 1, 2 and 4/5. This has helped me develop a deeper level of knowledge and understanding of the Primary Curriculum which has been useful across all year groups. In my spare time, I enjoy exploring new places and challenging myself to try new activities. I have lived in England all my life and so am excited to start my new adventure; living and working in Qatar. I look forward to meeting you all when lessons start in September!
After graduating from my Primary Education degree in 2014, I have worked in a school in New Bolsover for 3 years in a variety of classes. I have been Computing Coordinator for my full time while at the school and have supported the transition of assessing without levels to meet the needs of the school in relation to the Computing curriculum.
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I am an active, inquisitive person who enjoys learning new skills and seeking new adventures. In my spare time, I enjoy hiking, cooking, reading and cycling. With 6 siblings, I have come from a very large family and try to make time to include them all in my adventures. I look forward to telling them all about my new adventures in Qatar!
This school will be different to all others I have worked at because it has a young staff and so will have lots of fresh, exciting ideas to develop and encourage learning. It offers fantastic connections for networking on a global scale and a large support network to encourage personal development.
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A simple inoribana today, using flowers from the garden. The yellow narcissus are in full bloom and have lovely leaves to use. Soon the other varieties of narcissus will be in bloom too. Lovely blooming branches are appearing all around the neighborhood. I think spring is here at last!
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2 comments for "365 Days of Ikebana-Day 226"
Ah! What peacefulness. I really would love to learn more about inoribana. Are there any books I should read? Unfortunately I don't think there is anyone locally that could teach me.


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Winters, L. Alan (2000) The EU's preferential Trade Agreements: Objectives and Outcomes. In: Faber, G and van Dijck, P (eds.) The External Economic Dimension of the European Union. Legal Aspects of International Organization, 35 . Kluwer Law International, pp. 195-222. ISBN 9789041113832Full text not available from this repository.
|Item Type:
|Book Section
|Additional Information:
|Chapter 9
|Schools and Departments:
|School of Business, Management and Economics > Economics
|Depositing User:
|L.Alan Winters
|Date Deposited:
|06 Feb 2012 20:13
|Last Modified:
|09 Jul 2012 09:03


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A new development in Seattle is making affordable housing a priority for the city's residents
Forrest doesn't mind admitting he needed a second chance. The 49-year-old had, at one point, been a member of the Army; he'd been married and had a support network. But he'd also run into a multitude of health and legal problems. He'd been incarcerated. And once he was released, he didn't know where he would go or what he would do. He'd never felt so alone.
But then, some hope. While working with Seattle's VA to obtain a place to live and a job, Forrest heard about Mercy Magnuson Place, a new development from Mercy Housing Northwest that would offer affordable homes to individuals and families who, like Forrest, needed help in the city's grueling rental market.
Forrest remembers not wanting to even go see the building because he didn't want to get his hopes up, but a counselor persuaded him. And when he learned that the development was a repurposed former military barracks — now a historic landmark — he knew he'd feel right at home.
Today, Forrest couldn't be happier. "I've got a 10-foot-high ceiling," he says. "I've got 7-foot windows. I look out onto a garden." His studio apartment, he says, has more space than he knows what to do with. For someone who's spent chunks of his life not having a place to call his own, the three closets that Forrest's apartment boasts are a grand luxury.


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Map of Randolph Wisconsin WI
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Catherine Burns Fine Art, Berkeley, USA IFPDA
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Catherine Burns has been a private dealer in fine prints and drawings for over twenty years. She became a dealer after serving as the Curator of Collections and an adjunct professor at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst Gallery and Curator of the Washington University Museum of Art, St. Louis, Missouri. Her extensive inventory of prints reflects her interest in art of the French 19th century, American 20th century, German Expressionism and British modernism. She travels frequently throughout the United States and Europe to acquire prints of the highest quality.
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This two-story frame structure belonged to Jehu and Mary Hodgson. It was located near Harveyville, Kansas. In this photo, house appears to be vacant. The Hodgson house was built in 1857 and its owners were believed to be part of the Underground Railroad.
Date: Between 1857 and 1940
Item Number: 221054
Holding Institution: Wabaunsee County Historical Society and Michael Stubbs
Built Environment - Materials - Wood
Collections - Photograph
Date - 1940s
Government and Politics - Reform and Protest - Antislavery - Abolition - Underground Railroad
Home and Family - Residences
People - African Americans - Slavery
Places - Cities and towns - Harveyville
Places - Counties - Wabaunsee
Thematic Time Period - Bleeding Kansas, 1854 - 1861
Thematic Time Period - Civil War, 1861 - 1865