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Interesting article:
Interesting article:
A typical feature of the pre-war period of party work was its lack of intellectuals. The exodus of intellectuals that had begun in 1906 and 1907 meant that party workers, full-time staff and so on were workers. There was so little of the intelligentsia left that it barely suffi ced to meet the needs of the Duma faction and the daily paper. [The place of the intelligentsia was taken by] the intellectual proletarian with his calloused hands and highly developed head who had not lost contact with the masses.Instead of the student youth and intellectuals of 1903–5, only workers were in evidence in the war years. Likewise, the secret meeting-places in flats and lodging-houses were all in working-class districts and in workers' fl ats. Intellectuals were a rare exception. Of the old party in-telligentsia there remained very few who had maintained their ties with the workers.[From 1916 this changed again:] The turning-point in the mood of the people and the growth of opposition among even the bourgeoisie drove into our ranks no small number of student activists.
If the above statement by Shliapnikov is true it seems all the more surprising that by 1917 the Party members of upper class origin should quickly again come to dominate; according to this questionnaire - https://libcom.org/history/social-origin-educational-level-chief-bolshev... - out of 29 leading Party members only four or five were workers or peasants, the rest being from upper classes.


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Gemstones For Sale
We offer a variety of exceptional quality precious and semi-precious gemstones at wholesale prices: emeralds, rubies, pink and blue sapphires and ammolite (including complete ammonites). All of our gems are guaranteed to be authentic and natural, represented with accurate photography and/or video. All stones come with documentation: either a report from an independent laboratory or a report from Fossil Realm, conducted by our resident gemmologist. To be added in October: opal, amethyst, ametrine, lemon citrine, chrysoberyl cat's eye, garnets, blue zircon, tanzanite, tourmaline, heliodor, topaz and much more.

subset: commoncrawl


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Assignment criteria
- Interest in the discipline proved by active participation during the class and final grade;
- Optimal knowledge of languages for internships abroad;
- Quality of the thesis proposal and project.
Main topics
- Geography of international relations;
- Geographies of global economic systems;
- Geo-economic strategies and national power;
- Geopolitics and demographic trends;
- International migrations;
- Population and environmental sustainability;
- Environment, energy, natural resources;
- Knowledge economy, spatial diffusion of innovation and mobility of highly-qualified human capital;
- EU territorial policies (e.g.: agriculture, customs, environment, energy, R&I, cohesion, transports);
- EU external policies (e.g.: climate action, development and cooperation, neighborhood, security, trade, space).
Research methodology
- Identification of the human-environment dynamics;
- Analysis of the relational, locational and spatial organization logics;
- Study of the political and economic phenomena through a spatial and multi-scalar geographical approach.


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About the Lockyer Valley Regional Council
Our Council is compiled of seven Councillors, including Mayor Tanya Milligan.
Information about Lockyer Valley.
Check out our Libraries, Sports Facilities and Community Centres.
Council's Business & Community Directories, General Feedback, Information & Service Request Forms.
About Lockyer Valley Rates, Discounts and Subsidies.
Lockyer Valley Regional Council handed down its 2019 - 2020 Budget on Tuesday 14 June 2019.
Click here to view Council's Operational Plan
To view the Budget media release, please follow the link below:
To view Budget information, please download the documents below.


text:
Think you got what it takes to write for Cracked.com? Then submit an article or some other pieces of content.
Stars are just like us! They eat food! They elude people conducting surveillance on them! And they write thinly veiled versions of themselves into comic books!
Either Hans is the most convincing sociopathic mastermind in Disney history, or other forces are at play.
Now that your Christmas gifts have been judged and left ye wanting, celebrate the Saint of the Unforgiven and know your heart's desire.
These creators gazed deep into the abyss, and the abyss blinked.
This is borderline likeness infringement.
It's difficult to sift through all their B.S. and unfortunately the only way to strengthen that sense is to dive right in.
A Transalantic discussion of our global holiday
This is the year. This is the Valentine's Day you nail Cupid's wings to the wall.
Let's look at some gilded gewgaws that really are Midas-touched in the head.
Scotch is a lot like a second puberty


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Programmable Coffee System
Red Knob
Black Knob
Brushed Stainless Knob
Price: $499.95
Suggested Retail Price: $649
The Wolf Gourmet programmable coffee maker brews a superior-tasting cup using the optimal temperature, time, and extraction method. An integrated grounds scale lets you know exactly how much coffee to add for your preferred strength, so you can recreate your favorite cup of coffee again and again.
Superior-Tasting Coffee
You might not see all of the internal upgrades we made to the Wolf Gourmet coffee maker – like the shower head that was designed to meet strict extraction standards or the fine-tuned heating element – but you'll taste the difference. Five boldness options allow you to tailor your batch exactly how you like it.
Accu-Brew™ Technology
The Accu-Brew™ setting lets you know exactly how much ground coffee you need to achieve your preferred boldness, so you will achieve a consistent taste you can recreate over and over again whether you are brewing four cups or ten. An integrated scale weighs the grounds as you add them to the brew basket, while the easy-to-read LCD display lets you know when to stop.
Thermal Carafe
The double-walled, stainless steel carafe keeps coffee hot and fresh long after it is brewed.
Front Load Brew Basket
A smooth-glide drawer allows easy access to the brew basket from the front of the unit, no shifting from under the cabinets required.
Removable Water Reservoir
Detaches from the side of the coffee system for easy filling. An integrated water filter reduces chlorine for improved taste.
LCD Display Panel
Keeps you informed every step of the way, indicating the amount of ground coffee you have added to the brew basket, how many hours ago your coffee was brewed, and when the automatic cleaning cycle is required.
990299400-Coffee System Thermal Carafe with Lid
10-cup double-walled stainless steel carafe keeps coffee hot and tasting fresh for longer.
990299600-Coffee System Water Reservoir with Lid
The water reservoir is used to measure and transport the water from the tap to the coffee system.
WGCM350-Coffee System Water Filter Pods, 6 Pack
Keeps coffee tasting its best for about 180 cycles. Includes 6 water filters.
990299800-Coffee System Filter Basket
Accessible from the front of the coffee system, the filter basket holds the filter and grounds for brewing.
990299900-Coffee System Water Filter Holder
Used to lift the water filter out of the water reservoir.
Related Products
Need help or have a question about ordering? Call (800) 222-7820
Items in stock unless noted. Will ship within 1 to 2 business days. Standard ground delivery will take an additional 5-7 business days.
If an item is subject to sales tax in the state to which the order is shipped, tax is generally calculated on the total selling price of each individual item(s) in an order, and may also be calculated on the shipping charges.


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Multiway Shawl in Plume
The possibilities are truly endless with this beauty. Wear it as a casual shawl, tie it up as a scarf, slip it off the shoulder, tie the corners together to make a wrap top, fold up the sleeves for a vest effect... let your creativity take over! We can't wait to see how you style it!
One size, 32" long at center back
Side seam and center front snaps for maximum convertibility
100% Rayon (and the softest you've ever felt!)
Made in Uganda
*Clicking Buy Now will take you to an external affiliate site
How You're Shopping With Purpose
Sseko was started to enable high potential, talented young women in Uganda to continue on to university. These young women work for Sseko in the nine-month gap between secondary school and university, saving part of their income for university. They receive life skills training, are paired with professional mentors and get valuable formal work experience. At the end of their term, Sseko matches their savings 300%. Every woman who has graduated from Sseko has gone on to pursue higher education and is on her way to making our world a more beautiful place. In 2019, Sseko will enable our 131st woman to attend university!


text: They say an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. We think that principle applies to your Subaru vehicle, too! After all, when properly maintained, a Subaru is one of the longest-lasting vehicles on the road. But it's easy to overlook many of these simple maintenance procedures. With a little knowledge, you can do more at home to stave off major repairs and keep your Subaru going strong. Our service experts are always on hand for the services and repairs that require a professional touch - but we've also got the insights to keep your Subaru performing at its best between maintenance visits, too. Check out these helpful articles below!


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In the Strategic Design MBA, cohorts of high-potential professionals work as teams throughout the program, gaining experience and skills together. These teams of Hybrid Thinkers benefit from their cohort network, immersive industry partnerships and connections, and international exposure throughout the program.
This active, collaborative structure gives Hybrid Thinkers preparation to be leaders in today's world.
We have worked with an incredible array of industry partners to make innovative improvements in the companies of today and tomorrow. During these projects, teams of Strategic Design students work alongside representatives from leading companies, solving real-world problems with a hybrid-thinking approach. Some of our partners include:
Our Partners Include
If your company would like to partner with the SDMBA program, please contact Program Director Natalie Nixon at email@example.com
IBM Partnership: Philanthropic Outreach
Strategic Design Thinkers Bari Fisher, Nikia Hill and Scott Reed partnered with On Demand Community, the philanthropic corporate citizen initiative branch of International Business Machines Corporation (IBM). Through interviews with employees and stakeholders and exhaustive secondary research, the team gained insight on the current status of the outreach program and identified opportunities for the program to forward the IBM brand.
By improving community contributions and impact, the On Demand Community branch can make a larger positive influence on the overall IBM Corporation.
The team' plan proposed to better align the program with the IBM brand, develop a cloud-based platform, and develop a new tech product to accomplish their goals.
CertainTeed by Saint-Gobain: Rebrand and Expansion
Strategic Design Thinkers Carla Mandell, Ayanna Matlock, Liina Sommer and Adam Sanphy partnered with CertainTeed by Saint-Gobain, a building products manufacturer, to rebrand and the company to all constituents through the customer chain, extending their brand and reputation beyond the direct consumers of contractors, dealers and installers to establish a relationship with building owners and occupants.
The goal of this rebranding and overall brand expansion is to differentiate CertainTeed from other manufacturers, build awareness and inspire purchase intent, extending the company's market share through a refined and recognizable reputation.
Additionally, the team's research established a plan to maintain CertainTeed by Saint-Gobain's position as a market frontrunner by forecasting impending changes in industry norms and making recommendations for staying ahead of the curve.
The Strategic Design MBA program invites guest speakers from across industries to share their insights to hybrid thinking, the 21st century work world, and the future of global business—all over dinner.
Guest speakers have included:
The Strategic Design MBA emphasizes international understanding and exposure as an essential element for career growth in today's globalized world. Our Hybrid Thinkers visit and work with people across the world that employ design thinking practices, on unique projects that fuse the practices in design and business.
Helsinki, Finland
A design research project on "the future of work"
Twelve students traveled to Helsinki, Finland to partner with students from Aalto University's International Design Business Management program. Through a series of provocations, talks from policy makers and designers in Helsinki, and a visit to strategic design firms in Tallinn, Estonia, students developed "future state stories" that captured key drivers businesses would have to factor into ways of organizing companies, schools and neighborhoods. Upon their return, our Hybrid Thinkers co-facilitated a charrette with business leaders from a range of companies and non-profits in Philadelphia region to help them think through the future of work.
Mexico City, Mexico
A design research project focused on the issue of redesigning access to food
In this food systems design project, thirteen of our Hybrid Thinkers collaborated with students from CENTRO in Mexico City using iterative prototyping, a distinctive canvas to map insights, and a cool hunting trip to Tijuana, Mexico. Our colleagues at CENTRO produced this short video, "In Terra Incognita," summarizing our design research process.
Florence, Italy
An exploration of Renaissance arts
"Self Portrait" was an immersion process through exploration of the Renaissance arts. In partnership with Impara Studies, 20 Hybrid Thinkers journeyed to the heart of Florence and explored leadership, the self, and their professional trajectories by engaging in studios, covering fresco painting with Paride Moretti, ceramic restoration with Artemente, culinary arts with Florence Food Studio and lithograph print making with Il Bisonte.


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No hi ha productes
Nou producte
HIPS is a lightweight material most commonly used as a dissolvable support structure for ABS models.
4 Article Elements
Atenció: Són els darrers en estoc!
Data de disponibilitat:
High impact polystyrene, or HIPS, is a material blend of polystyrene and rubber. Because it dissolves in limonene solution, it's often used for support material, eliminating the need for removal via abrasives, cutting tools, or any other such things that leave your print less-than-perfect.
Limonene is a solution made with lemon peels and is easily obtained. Unfortunately, this limits you to using it for supporting ABS prints, as other materials are damaged by the limonene.
HIPS is very similar to ABS, in fact it's actually stronger. As such, apart from being used as a support material, it is also very capable and useful as its own material. HIPS is easily painted, machineable, and works with a large number of adhesives. It's also food safe, non-toxic, fully recyclable, and non-hydroscopic, meaning it won't degrade in humid environments.
One rather unfortunate quality that HIPS shares with ABS is fumes. While printing, HIPS will release small amounts of styrene into the atmosphere. Therefore, you should have your printer in a well-ventilated area while utilizing this material.
HIPS filament is generally printed with a nozzle temperature between 220°C and 240°C, and a bed temperature between 90°C and 110°C. This means some machines will have trouble with bed adhesion, as the high bed temperatures are harder to reach and maintain.
To recap:
In the following, we present and describe a number of brands offering HIPS.


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Trinity Sunday, June 11, 2017
Washington Memorial Chapel, Valley Forge, PA + The Rev. Roy Almquist
O Lord, our Governor, how majestic is your name in all the earth! …
When I look at your heavens, the work of your fingers,
the moon and the stars that you have established;
what are human beings that you are mindful of them, …
Yet you have made them a little lower than God,
and crowned them with glory and honor.
Between our Lessons this morning we recited the compelling Psalm 8. In this wonderful psalm David express his amazement that the same God who created the moon and the stars is also mindful of human beings … like you and me. When we travel to majestic places like the Alps in Switzerland or the Grand Canyon in Arizona, we can easily become struck by our insignificance in the vastness of the universe. Indeed, … what are human beings that you are mindful of them, mortals that you care for them?
In many ways the most useless thing I could possible do on Trinity Sunday would be to preach a sermon on the Doctrine of the Trinity! Boring … pointless … answering the questions that none of you are asking!
So I do not intend to talk about the traditional teachings about the Trinity, this convoluted conundrum of doctrine and orthodoxy that seems to create more confusion than clarity. Rather, I would like to talk about what God means to me personally.
First of all, I do not believe in a God up there.
I struggle with all heavily defined concepts of heaven above and hell down below, concepts encouraged more by artists and poets than by Scripture.
I believe that we can know heaven in this life, when we begin to align ourselves with the goodness of the creation and pattern our behavior after the lessons we learn from Jesus Christ. Obviously, we can also know much hell on earth when we depart from such alignment!
I believe in God as a power and a force that pulls me toward the good that I am capable of achieving. Like all of you, I fall short of my potential … but I never feel that I fall away from the renewing love of God … the God I have come to know through Jesus Christ.
I believe in God, who like a loving parent never abandons me, but rather sustains me, encourages me, forgives me, and urges me to achieve greatness.
I believe in God as something more than the Santa Claus God of my childhood … the one with the white beard, who knows if I have been naughty or nice … and rewards or punishes according to some divine calculus. I don't believe in that God.
I don't believe in a God who inflicts illness as punishment,
I don't believe in a God who wants his followers to perform terrorist acts to punish the sinful or destroy the infidel,
I don't believe in a God who rewards faith and obedience with wealth and good fortune.
Paul Tillich, the great Christian thinker of the last century, was known for engaging unbelievers. When someone would tell Tillich … I do not believe in God … Tillich's response would invariably be … Tell me about this God you don't believe in. Tillich would listen carefully and when the person was finished he would invariably reply: Well, I don't believe in that God, either.
Tillich insisted that there is no one who does not believe in God … we simply experience and define God in different ways. Tillich insisted that God is our ultimate concern … the thing we think about the first thing in the morning, the thing that obsesses us every waking hour, the last thing we think about before we fall asleep. Tell me what that thing is, Tillich insisted, and I will tell you who God is for you!
I think what this means, in a very real sense, is that we must strive to be a community that looks outward in love with a desire to serve … rather than to be a community that looks inward, setting standards for acceptable behavior or finding ways to make the circle smaller by eliminating those who do not believe and behave in a manner we consider appropriate.
How easy it is to forget that the one thing Jesus told us we ought not do is … sit in judgment on one another! [Matthew 7: 1-3] That is prohibited! Instead, we are encouraged to turn our vision outward and become those instruments of peace that St. Francis encouraged … transforming the lives of others, working for peace, striving to heal and to console, all in the spirit of Christ.
In short, we will find it pointless to talk about God's attributes … or to argue for the existence of God. Rather, we need to reflect God's love into the lives of our neighbors by all that we say and all that we do.
In our world there are people who make incredible personal sacrifices … who do profound good … because of their faith in God.
I think of people who risk their lives to serve the poor and to care for the injured in places of warfare, motivated by their faith in God.
I think of people who are recovering from addiction through their confidence in a God, often referenced by the term, a higher power, who is a dynamic force that they have come to know through the compassion of sponsors and other companions who uphold them in a circle of trust.
Let us listen and learn from them, for this is where we find God at work.
I am convinced that the greatest barrier to faith in God is our obsessive self-indulgence. Rampant narcissism and unbridled self-interest do more to undermine faith in God than the devil and all his works and all his ways!
Martin Luther once said the ultimate sin is to turn in on ourselves. He insisted that, despite our best efforts to get beyond self-obsession, in order to love and serve others, human beings find it all but impossible to escape the gravity of self-interest and this, more than anything, shapes our behavior and our outlook.
This is why we need God … we need to participate in a community of godly people who will call us away from this sickness unto death that can be the fate of unbridled "me-ism" and rampant self-indulgence. We need the teaching and example of Jesus … and we need that power and inspiration that can only come from outside ourselves.
Let us not be discouraged. Let us hold onto our faith in the God who has called us in our baptism to belong to Him forever. Never forget that it is precisely when we open ourselves to those who are around us and allow ourselves to experience their suffering and share compassion and kindness with them that we most clearly experience God's presence in our lives. In such moments we can be sure that the God of love and peace, the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, is with us, filling us all with grace and joy, hope and promise! AMEN.


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By Ahmed Abdulkareem
Last week's peace talks in Sweden between the Saudi-led coalition and Yemen's Houthis was cause for celebration for many the world-over who hoped to finally see an end to Yemen's bloody war. But many of Yemen's people hedging their bets and have expressed frustration over the results of the week-long talks in Rimbo, talks that leaders on both sides of the conflict viewed as a victory.
The agreement reached in Sweden could not end three years of war on Yemen, especially in Hodeida.
Although it was the first successful negotiation, an agreement without the reopening of the Sana'a International Airport, the paying of government staff salaries, and the neutralization of the Central Bank is meaningless."
The failure to reopen the Sana'a International Airport has been a sticking point in negotiations and, according to many Yemenis, will result in the deaths of thousands of innocent civilians — including children — in Yemen's northern districts, as the airport is one of the primary conduits used by Yemenis to travel abroad for critical medical care unavailable in Yemen. The Saudi coalition has imposed a years-long blockade on the Sana'a Airport.
Before the war began, thousands of Yemenis traveled abroad — mostly through the Sana'a Airport — for medical treatment each year; 60 percent of the patients were women and children. Saudi Arabia's ongoing blockade of Yemen includes medical supplies and means that the number of patients requiring life-saving overseas treatment will grow.
On Saturday an 11-year-old boy, Mohammed Nasser, died a result of kidney failure. He was unable to travel out of Yemen through the southern districts that are under Saudi-led coalition control. Like Mohammed, about 200,000 patients in the south districts — including cancer, heart, and renal-failure patients — need to travel outside of Yemen to seek life-saving treatment.
Saudi coalition representatives have insisted on relocating Yemen's international airport to coalition-controlled Aden, relegating the Sana'a International Airport to local use instead of reopening it as an international airport.
For their part, the Houthis have offered to have Yemeni planes flying through the Sana'a Airport inspected in Jordan and Egypt, as they consider Saudi coalition-controlled city of Aden unsafe for opponents of the coalition. The Houthis say that reopening Sana'a International Airport is an important humanitarian objective, necessary to transport sick and wounded residents as well as food supplies.
Many civilians have been unable to return to Yemen through the coalition-controlled southern districts after leaving the country to seek medical treatment abroad. Some patients have been prevented from returning home and others have reportedly been arrested, tortured or even killed under the pretext that they supported the Houthis or oppose the presence of the coalition in Yemen.
With agreement not reached during the peace talks in Sweden, the issue of the reopening of Sana'a International Airport was postponed until January 2019 when another round of talks is planned. This caused great frustration for many Yemenis, who hoped the talks would result in the lifting of the coalition's blockade on the Sana'a Airport.
"The country with the biggest problem in 2019 is going to be Yemen," said Mark Lowcock, the head of the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), in a press conference in the Swiss city of Geneva on Tuesday.
Peace talks in Sweden also failed to produce agreement on the paying of government staff salaries and the neutralization of the Central Bank. The Saudi coalition took over the central bank in the early days of the war and has blocked the paying of salaries for Yemen's civil servants, exacerbating the humanitarian crisis in Yemen, already the worst in the world.
Mohammed Jahaf — a 28-year-old civil servant employed by the Yemen Economic Corporation in Sana'a who, like two million other Yemenis, faces destitution, as his salary has gone unpaid for more than two years — saw the peace talks in Sweden as a waste of time.


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Hear it from our entrepreneurs
Read the interview
There is no better owner than Indutrade. For a CEO, it's like running your own shop, without the financial risk.
Per-Olow Jansson
MD, GPA Flowsystem
Read the interview
Indutrade allows us the freedom to conduct our daily business as usual and support us when we need it.
Memo Ildirar
MD, Inovatools
Read the interview
It was very important to me that the new owner not only cared about our business interests, but also our employees.
Lars Bendixen
MD, Elma Instruments
Read the interview
Indutrade understands our business and provides us with a clear direction, focusing on customers, growth and earnings.
Per-Olof Bergqvist
MD, Dasa Control Systems AB
Read the interview
I know other MDs in the Group. They work in similar industrial environments as we do, which gives me access to valuable experience.
Gerd Ruhland


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Denis and his wife love the idea of their four kids together with their spouses coming over for Christmas almost every year. There is never-ending fun and activity, especially due to the boisterousness of their grandchildren. However, the aging couple has realised that coming up with an effective sleeping arrangement for their brood is growing rather difficult each year. Recently, they have heard about cheap granny flats and how they can conveniently increase living space for those in circumstances like theirs.
A granny flat is an extension of a house, often built on the same plot of land, but which is self-contained nonetheless. It can be considered to be a smaller house on the same property and may even have its own yard fenced off for more privacy. Today, these dwelling units have risen in popularity and there are many companies that build granny flats cheap for home owners.
Much as they are usually a lot smaller than the main house, these cheap granny flats are built to offer the comforts of any conventional home. Depending on the design that suits a home owner's needs, the granny flat usually has a bedroom, bathroom, living area, kitchenette and a laundry room.
The varied conveniences offered by granny flats
- The granny flat can be used by aging parents to stay near their children, but without compromising their independence and privacy. They can get the care they need and still have a place to conveniently retire to for serenity.
- Granny flats are also becoming popular to homeowners who need a little extra income on the side. One can occupy the main house while renting out the granny flat to a person who might not need much room. This can especially be convenient to a young adult who is just getting started out in life and wants the independence of having his own place.
- Cheap granny flats are also a great way to add to the value of your home. They can come in handy when selling out your property as it will fetch you a lot more compared to what the single, main house could bring in.
- Obviously, granny flats offer a bit more room for a family and thus, for couples like Denis and his wife, entertaining guests who come to stay for a few days is made a lot easier.
Depending on the need for a granny flat, it is important to thoroughly scrutinise the floor plans on offer by the company you wish to contract for the job. For instance, if the additional space will be used by your aging parents, then you might consider building the bedroom ensuite with the bathroom. The distance between granny flat and the main house could also be determined by the expected occupants of the living unit.
Superior Granny Flats is a builder that offers a variety of floor plans for construction of the best cheap granny flats. Depending on your budget, you can have additional living space on your property based on the most convenient plan. You can call 0419-540-393 for a free quote and more information. Visit http://superiorgrannyflats.com.au/cheap-granny-flats-brisbane-gold-coast/.


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Dickel Floor Supply is your local Mid-Coast Maine floor supplier. Add beauty to your floors with experienced craftsmen! Choose the best flooring for your project from natural wood and green choices, to cost-effective laminate and vinyl tile options.
Founder, Don Dickel and his team have been serving the communities of Mid-Coast Maine for forty years in residential, commercial and historic capacities.


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Application no. 59493/00
by David George WITHEY
against the United Kingdom
The European Court of Human Rights (Fourth Section), sitting on 26 August 2003 as a Chamber composed of
Mr M. Pellonpää, President,
Sir Nicolas Bratza,
Mr M. Fischbach,
Mr J. Casadevall,
Mr S. Pavlovschi,
Mr J. Borrego Borrego,
Mrs E. Fura-Sandström, judges,
and Mr M. O'Boyle, Section Registrar,
Having regard to the above application lodged on 6 April 2000,
Having regard to the observations submitted by the respondent Government,
Having deliberated, decides as follows:
The applicant, David George Withey, was a United Kingdom national. He was born in 1959 and he lived in Devon. He died in early 2001. His widow, Susan Withey, continues the application on his behalf.
A. The circumstances of the case
The facts of the case, as submitted by the parties, may be summarised as follows.
Further to a detailed statement given to the police on 4 August 1992 by Ms E, on 6 August 1992 the applicant was arrested on suspicion of indecent assault of two young children, one of whom was his daughter. He denied the offences to the police. He was remanded in custody for four weeks after which he was granted bail. His bail conditions forbade him to contact Ms E or her children. Ms E made a further detailed statement on 28 August 1992.
On 25 November 1992 the applicant sent Ms E a Christmas card which read as follows:
"To [Ms E and her son], God bless you both. May this Christmas be as happy as mine and my wife's children. May it reflect all the harm you have done to a family that loved one another and still do. Perhaps in the end you will remember all the good that was done for you; for befriending you was the worst thing we have ever done, but thank you, for they know not what they do. I forgive you, and may God have mercy on you for all your days long. May you wake up thinking how you have destroyed a family. May your days be in torment until you say the truth. Rosie, you need God in your life. Don't doubt, believe; remember everything is possible to those who believe. I forgive you."
The card was signed "David" and its post-script read "Have a nice Christmas".
Ms E made a witness statement dated 11 January 1993. She described how she had received the card and, after great consideration, had decided not to give evidence.
The case came on for trial before the Crown Court on 15 January 1993 and the applicant pleaded not guilty. The applicant claims that Ms E did not attend as she knew her statement was untrue.
Ms E made another statement dated 18 January 1993 which read as follows:
"I have previously stated that I had decided that I didn't want to give evidence against [the applicant]. The reasons for this are that before I received the Christmas card from him, I was prepared to give evidence although I was aware that it would be an unpleasant experience. When I read the Christmas card I felt sick and started to shake. I could not bear to be in the same house, and within half an hour of receiving it, I had posted it to [the Child Protection Team]. I thought he was trying to get round me; one minute he seemed to be pleasant, and then he was sounding terrible. After I sent the card off, I blocked it out of my mind as I had no idea when the court case would be. I had a visit from [a police officer] to see if I was capable of giving evidence ... I am petrified of [the applicant] and very concerned about any reprisals from him. I don't think I could bear to be in the same room as him. It is for these reasons only that I have decided not to give evidence. Everything I have previously stated to the police regarding [the applicant's] actions is the truth."
On 19 January 1993, when the case was re-listed for trial, counsel for the prosecution explained Ms E's position. The trial judge, without opposition from the applicant's counsel, ordered as follows:
"David George Withey, I direct that this indictment lie on the file marked in this way: that it not be proceeded with without leave of this court or the Court of Appeal ... Let me warn you in the clearest possible terms that there is every likelihood of this court granting leave to resurrect this case if there is any repetition of the alleged events contained on that indictment. Do you understand?"
The defendant replied that he did and the trial judge went on:
"I direct this file, together with the latest statement of Ms E to be placed before the [prosecutor] for further consideration as to whether or not an offence is disclosed on the face of it, and whether as a consequence, you should be prosecuted therefor."
In or around April 1993 the applicant wrote to the trial judge asking him to re-open the case. By letter dated 22 April 1993 the chief clerk informed the applicant that the trial judge had decided not to re-open the case. The trial judge had written on the file:
"I regret that I cannot now reconsider the matter. The defendant was fully and well represented at the time and the matter fully canvassed then. Nothing further will be achieved by resurrecting it."
In June 1995 the applicant lodged appeal papers with the Court of Appeal. On 4 June 1996 the Court of Appeal office declined to consider his application as there had been no conviction and advised him that, if he wished to have his case re-opened, he should apply to the Crown Court.
On 14 November 1997 the applicant instituted proceedings against Ms E for malicious falsehood as regards her statement of August 1992. He claims that those proceedings were successful.
In January 1998 the applicant wrote to the Crown Court again requesting that the matter be re-opened. On 19 January 1998 the court office responded confirming that a "not guilty" verdict had not been entered in January 1993 and that both counts had been ordered to lie on the file in the usual terms.
By letter dated 8 May 1998 the applicant's solicitors asked the Crown Prosecution Service ("the prosecution") about its intentions concerning the charges left on the file. By letter of 22 June 1998 the prosecution confirmed:
"... that there is currently no intention to proceed upon the outstanding matter. I cannot envisage any situation in which this matter would now proceed".
On 27 July 1998 the prosecution indicated to the Crown Court that, given the applicant's recent request to have the matter re-listed, it had no objection to a formal verdict of "not guilty" being entered under section 17 of the Criminal Justice Act 1967 and, in the circumstances, asked for the matter to be re-listed for that purpose.
The matter was re-listed for 5 August 1998. Each party was represented by counsel. Having summarised the facts of the case so far, the trial judge noted that the situation had been brought about by the applicant himself since he had intimidated Ms E and since his counsel had consented to the course of action taken on 19 January 1993. Given that conduct and his previous convictions, it was understandable that the prosecution did not wish to offer evidence and that the applicant was satisfied to consent to the matter remaining on the file. The trial judge went on:
"I am conscious that in considering this matter, the court has a discretion whether or not to re-open it, and that such a discretion must be exercised judicially. I am satisfied that this case did not proceed, solely as a result of the acts of [the applicant]. On all the facts before me, and in the exercise of my discretion, I do not propose to give leave to [the applicant] to remove the stay on these proceedings..."
On 2 November 1998 the applicant applied for leave to take judicial review proceedings for an order of certiorari to quash the decision of the Crown Court of 5 August 1998 arguing, inter alia, that the order of 19 January 1993 was wrong in law. Leave was granted in January 1999 and, following a hearing on 11 October 1999, the High Court dismissed the application because it did not have jurisdiction to consider it.
The applicant claims that his three children were placed with foster parents in or around early 1998.
B. Relevant domestic law and practice
1. The practice of leaving charges on the file
The Crown Court may leave some or all of the counts in an indictment on the file. Counts which are left on the file are marked: "Not to be proceeded with without the leave of the court or the Court of Appeal". There is a similar practice in the Magistrates' Court, where the same effect is achieved by adjourning a case sine die. In R. v. Central Criminal Court ex parte Raymond [1986] 83 Cr.App.R. 94, Lord Justice Woolf stated that an order to leave the charges on the file
"... starts off by having the same effect as an order for an adjournment, but an adjournment which it is accepted may never result in a trial ... [the orders] go beyond the ordinary order for an adjournment since they have the effect of not only postponing a trial but, in effect, ordering that there should be no trial without the leave of the court."
An order that charges be left on the file ("the order") is often made where an indictment contains several counts and the plea(s) of guilty entered by the defendant to some of these counts are regarded as adequate by the prosecution. The order is made to protect the position of the prosecution in case a defendant convicted in this manner successfully appeals. The intention is that, if there is no successful appeal, the defendant should never stand trial on the counts left on the file. A successful appeal would allow the prosecution to apply to the trial court to pursue the other counts left on the file.
2. Options where the prosecution offer no evidence or there is insufficient evidence for the prosecution to proceed
Section 17 of the Criminal Justice Act 1967 ("1967 Act") provides that the court may enter a verdict of not guilty without a jury being impanelled:
"Where a defendant arraigned on an indictment or inquisition pleads not guilty and the prosecutor proposes to offer no evidence against him, the court before which the defendant is arraigned may, if it thinks fit, order that a verdict of not guilty shall be recorded without the defendant being given in charge to a jury, and the verdict shall have the same effect as if the defendant had been tried and acquitted on the verdict of a jury."
In R. v. Central Criminal Court ex parte Lord Spens (The Times, 31 December 1992), the prosecution indicated that they would offer no evidence against the accused. Counsel for the accused applied to the judge to enter a verdict of not guilty according to section 17 of the 1967 Act. However, the judge instead made an order to stay the prosecution permanently by ordering that the indictment lie on the file marked "not to be proceeded with". The case came before the High Court on judicial review and, after ruling that it had jurisdiction to consider the matter, the court found that it was not within the trial judge's power to order that the indictment lie on the file and that the only course open to the judge was to record a verdict of not guilty either by an order under section 17 of the 1967 Act or by impanelling a jury and directing them to acquit the defendant. Lord Justice Glidewell stated that:
"[...] section 17 [of the Criminal Justice Act 1967] is merely a piece of machinery which enables a judge to enter a verdict of not guilty where the prosecution offer no evidence instead of going through the process of impanelling a jury and requiring them to do so. That section gives the judge no discretion to adopt some other and different course however much he may think it right to do so."
The 1999 edition of Archbold (reference book on criminal practice and procedure, the edition concerning the relevant time) summarises the effect of that case in the following manner (at paragraph 4-191):
"[An order leaving an indictment on the file] should never be made where the defendant pleads not guilty and the prosecution are disinclined to proceed, but unwilling to offer no evidence; in such circumstances, the defendant's consent is insufficient reason for ordering a whole indictment to lie on the file. ... R. v. Central Criminal Court ex p. Spens, The Times, 31 December 1992."
It is, however, questionable whether the High Court in fact had jurisdiction in ex parte Spens to review the decision of the Crown Court to stay the prosecution permanently by ordering that the indictment lie on the file. The decision of the High Court that it had such jurisdiction was based, inter alia, on earlier decisions of the High Court in R. v. Central Criminal Court ex parte Randle and R. v. Norwich Crown Court ex parte Belsham. In the subsequent case of Re Ashton (R. v. Manchester Crown Court and others ex parte Director of Public Prosecutions) [1994] AC 9, the House of Lords approved the decision in the case of ex parte Raymond and overruled those in Randle and Belsham. It was further held that, whether or not the result in ex parte Spens could be justified on other grounds, it could not be justified on the basis of the reasoning in Randle and Belsham.
3. Procedure and possibility of challenge
The suggestion that charges should be left on the file typically comes from the prosecution. Only the consent of the trial judge is required for the order to be made but in practice the judge usually requires that the defence also agree. The order, as a decision made in the conduct of a trial on indictment, cannot be challenged on appeal to the Court of Appeal (R. v. Mackell, 74 Cr.App.R. 27 (CA)). According to R. v. Central Criminal Court ex parte Raymond approved in Re Ashton (both cited above), the order cannot be challenged on judicial review.
4. Re-opening of proceedings
The prosecution may apply for leave to proceed upon charges left on the file. The application is made to the Court of Appeal if the reason for re-opening the proceedings is that the counts on which the defendant was convicted have been quashed. In other cases, the application would be made to the court which made the order to leave the charges on the file. Applications to re-open proceedings and orders granting such applications are exceptional.
In considering whether to grant an application to re-open proceedings, the relevant court examines whether the re-opening would be fair and whether it would constitute an abuse of process (for example, on the grounds of excessive delay between the alleged commission of the offence and the new trial or an undertaking of the prosecution to the former defendant that the matter would not be pursued). In this latter respect, the High Court has found that the prosecution of a person who had received a representation or promise that he would not be prosecuted was capable of being an abuse of process of the court notwithstanding the absence of bad faith (R. v. Croydon Justices ex parte Dean ([1993] QB 769 (DC).
In R. v. Central Criminal Court ex parte Raymond (cited above), Lord Justice Woolf commented that:
"... in the majority of cases where such an order is made, there will be no trial and there will certainly come a stage when either the prosecution would not seek a trial or if it did seek a trial, the court would regard it as so oppressive to have a trial that leave to proceed would inevitably be refused."
The applicant complains under Article 6 § 1 that he has never had a trial on the charges against him, under Article 6 § 2 that he has never been declared innocent and under Article 6 § 3 that he has never been able to cross-examine the prosecution witnesses.
The Court notes that the applicant died in 2001 and that his widow continues the application on his behalf. It considers that the applicant's wife has a legitimate and sufficient interest to pursue the application (for example, Deweer v. Belgium, judgment of 27 February 1980, Series A no. 35, § 37; X v. France, judgment of 31 March 1992, Series A no. 234-C, §§ 26 and 27). For the reasons of convenience, the present decision will continue to refer to Mr Withey as "the applicant", although his wife is today to be regarded as having this status (X v. the United Kingdom, judgment of 5 November 1981, Series A no. 46, § 32).
A. Article 6 § 1 of the Convention
The applicant complains under Article 6 § 1 that he has not been tried on the criminal charges against him. Article 6 § 1 provides, as relevant, that:
"In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law ..."
1. The parties' submissions
The Government submit that the applicant was no longer subject to criminal charges after 19 January 1993 when the order for the charges to lie on the file was made or, alternatively, that those charges were effectively determined on 19 January 1993. In support of this submission, the Government claim that there was no realistic prospect of the proceedings being re-opened after that time for several reasons. In the first place, orders to resurrect counts from the file are exceptional. Secondly, the prosecution had stated that it had no intention of seeking to pursue the charges. Thirdly, two Crown Court judges (in January 1993 and August 1998) considered the matter and decided that the charges should not be resurrected. Finally, if the prosecution had applied to re-open the case, the domestic courts would not have permitted this if it would be an abuse of process due to an excessive period of time having passed or because the prosecution had given an undertaking not to pursue the charges.
Alternatively, the Government submit that Article 6 § 1 does not apply. Article 6 § 1 does not guarantee that there will be a determination of a criminal charge but rather that, if there is such a determination, it must take place within a reasonable time.
The Government claim that the practice of permitting counts to remain on the file, in circumstances where they are rarely resurrected and then only with the permission of a court, strikes a fair balance between the rights of the individual and the general interest of the community.
The applicant submits that he has never been given the opportunity of contesting the charges against him and having a trial of the issues in order to clear his name. He states that the charges, which are of a serious nature, hung over his head until 2001 and claims that this led to a prohibition by social services on his having contact with his children, the break-down of two marriages and damage to his health. The applicant claims that he now has evidence which proves that he did not commit the offence, that Ms E was lying and that he won a civil action for malicious falsehood against her. He further submits that the order that the charges lie on the file was wrong in law according to Archbold (on criminal practice and procedure, the applicant referring to the 1998 edition at paragraph 4-191) and the above-cited case of ex parte Spens.
2. The Court's assessment
The Court recalls that there is no right under Article 6 of the Convention to a particular outcome of criminal proceedings or, therefore, to a formal conviction or acquittal following the laying of criminal charges (the above-cited Deweer v. Belgium judgment, § 49 referring to the Commission's report of 5 October 1978, Series B no. 33, § 58).
The question remains, however, whether those criminal proceedings can be considered to be still pending against the applicant as he claims and, consequently, whether there has been a violation of his right to a determination of criminal charges within a "reasonable time". The parties disagree on the question of whether the order of the Crown Court of 19 January 1993 leaving the charges on the file put an end to the criminal proceedings against the applicant.
The Court recalls that one of the purposes of the right to trial within a reasonable period of time is to protect individuals from "remaining too long in a state of uncertainty about their fate" (Stögmüller v. Austria, judgment of 10 November 1969, Series A no. 9, § 5).
Accordingly, criminal proceedings are said to have begun with "the official notification given to an individual by the competent authority of an allegation that he has committed a criminal offence", a definition that also corresponds to the test of whether "the situation of the [suspect] has been substantially affected" (Eckle v. Germany, judgment of 15 July 1982, Series A no. 51, § 73). The Court considers therefore, and indeed it is not disputed, that the criminal proceedings against the applicant began with his arrest on 6 August 1992 by the police since this was his first official notification of an allegation that he had committed a criminal offence.
Conversely, it is also the case that such proceedings would end with an official notification to the accused that he or she was no longer to be pursued on those charges such as would allow a conclusion that the situation of that person could no longer be considered to be substantially affected (X v. the United Kingdom, no. 8233/78, Commission decision of 3 October 1979, §§ 64 and 65, unreported). This end is generally brought about by an acquittal or a conviction (including a conviction upheld on appeal). The Court also recognised, in the above-cited Deweer case by reference to the Commission Report, that proceedings could end through a unilateral decision taken in favour of the accused including when the prosecution formally decided not to prosecute and when the trial judge terminated the proceedings without a ruling. More recently, the Court has found that criminal proceedings ended when the prosecution informed the accused that it had discontinued the proceedings against him (Slezevicius v. Lithuania, no. 55479/00, § 27, 13 November 2001, unreported) and when a domestic court found that an accused was unfit to stand trial by reason of his psychiatric condition (Antoine v. the United Kingdom, (dec.) no. 62960/00, ECHR 2003-...), even though in both cases there remained a theoretical possibility that the accused could one day be proceeded against on the relevant charges.
As to whether the present proceedings can be considered to have ended by a court order leaving charges on the file, the Court recalls that the Commission found that such an order ended criminal proceedings for the purposes of Article 6 § 1 where the prosecution had undertaken not to proceed with the charges or where it was the settled practice of the prosecution authorities not to do so (X v. the United Kingdom, cited above, R.F. and A.F. v. the United Kingdom, no. 3034/67, Commission decision of 19 December 1967, unpublished, and Mackell v. the United Kingdom, no. 9550/81, Commission decision of 1 March 1983, unreported). However, in the first case, the prosecution had undertaken not to proceed with the charges in the future and the latter two cases concerned the more common situation where an accused had been convicted of one offence and it was not intended to pursue the remaining charges which were left on the file unless the conviction was overturned on appeal. Neither situation presented in the instant case.
Turning therefore to the Crown Court order of 19 January 1993 leaving the charges on the file, the Court notes, on the one hand, that there remained a theoretical possibility of the prosecution proceeding on the charges against the applicant in the future. Further, in the light of the trial judge's comments of 19 January 1993, enabling a prosecution to be brought on the charges in the future could be seen as his reason for making the order he did. Consistently, on that date there was no prosecution undertaking that the charges would not be proceeded with.
On the other hand, according to domestic law and practice, the prosecuting authorities would have had to apply to the Crown Court to resurrect the proceedings and a hearing would have been held during which that court would have been obliged to consider that application according to certain criteria including the fairness of re-opening the case and whether an excessive period had passed since the charges had been ordered to lie on the file. The applicant would have been entitled to be represented at any such hearing and would have been able to make submissions as to why the charges should not be pursued. Thereafter, the Crown Court would have had to decide whether or not to allow the prosecution to resurrect the charges against the applicant. Importantly, it is only in exceptional circumstances that a charge ordered to lie on the file is later pursued and, indeed, the applicant did not refer to one such case in his application.
It is true that the trial judge effectively chose on 19 January 1993 not to enter a verdict of "not guilty" according to section 17 of the 1967 Act but rather to leave the charges to lie on the file and he accompanied this with an express warning that the charges would be resurrected if there was any "repetition of the alleged events contained on the indictment". However, as a matter of domestic law, any indications so given by the trial judge's order on 19 January 1993 concerning his view as to a possible future renewal of prosecution on the relevant charges were not determinative of that question: the matter was one for the Crown Court to determine at a future date on the basis of a specific application to it and according to both parties' submissions and the requirements of fairness. Accordingly, in assessing whether the applicant was "substantively affected" by the proceedings after 19 January 1993, the Court does not consider that the applicant can rely on the course chosen or the comments of the trial judge.
In all of the above these circumstances, the Court considers that the order leaving the charges on the file could be considered to have ended the criminal proceedings against the applicant for the purposes of Article 6, even if there was no undertaking by the prosecution on 19 January 1993 not to pursue the charges later so that there remained a theoretical possibility of their later resurrection. The applicant's submission that he nevertheless suffered psychological stress after 19 January 1993 cannot mean that he could be reasonably or objectively considered to have been "substantially affected" by those charges when there was no indication after that date from any relevant public authority that the charges would be again resurrected and pursued against him. Any separate issue under Article 6 that a public authority (social services) took action (restricting his contact with his children) in the light of the charges on the file concerning indecent assault of children, is, in any event unsubstantiated: he has not provided any evidence that any action taken by the local authority in respect of his children resulted from the fact that the relevant criminal charges were lying on the file.
Consequently, the Court considers that, for the purposes of Article 6 of the Convention, the criminal proceedings were brought to an end by the order of 19 January 1993.
The subsequent facts of the case support this conclusion: the prosecution confirmed to the applicant on 22 June 1998 that it had no intention of proceeding with the charges and could not envisage any circumstances in which it would do so. The prosecution therefore requested the trial court (on 27 July 1998) to re-list the matter so that a formal "not guilty" verdict could be entered. Domestic law and practice indicates that thereafter it would have been an abuse of process to pursue the charges against him.
Given its conclusion that the proceedings ended on 19 January 1993, the Court consequently finds that the introduction on 6 April 2000 of a complaint about the length of those proceedings was outside the six-month time-limit for which Article 35 § 1 provides. His unsuccessful applications to the prosecution and to the Crown Court to re-open the proceedings cannot constitute effective remedies capable of interrupting the six-month period. In any event, the last decision on those applications was taken by the Crown Court on 5 August 1998 and his subsequent application for leave to apply for judicial review was insufficient to stop time running thereafter: the High Court rejected the application as not being within its jurisdiction, which conclusion was, as noted above, in accordance with the judgment of the House of Lords in the above-cited case of Re Ashton.
Accordingly, any issue of length of proceedings to which the applicant's complaint under Article 6 § 1 gives rise was introduced in April 2000 and therefore outside the time-limit set by Article 35 § 1 of the Convention.
B. Article 6 §§ 2 and 3 of the Convention
The applicant complains under these Articles that he has never been allowed to prove his innocence at trial including cross-examining witnesses. Article 6 §§ 2 and 3 provide, in so far as relevant, as follows:
"2. Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law.
3. Everyone charged with a criminal offence has the following minimum rights:
(d) to examine or have examined witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him..."
The Government submit that the presumption of innocence applied at all times and that insofar as there was no realistic prospect of the resurrection of the criminal proceedings, it could be said that the charges were determined in the applicant's favour.
The Court considers that these complaints amount to a submission that he should have had a trial and a formal verdict (namely, a conviction or acquittal). However, and as noted above, Article 6 does not guarantee a right to a particular outcome of criminal proceedings or, therefore, to a formal conviction or acquittal following the laying of criminal charges. The presumption of innocence is not, therefore, undermined by the fact that the criminal proceedings against him ended without such a formal verdict.
However, the Court has noted that, in ordering the charges to be left to lie on the file on 19 January 1993, the trial judge stated in court that there was "every likelihood of this court granting leave to resurrect the case if there [was] any repetition of the alleged events contained on that indictment". Insofar as any such statement could give rise to a separate issue under Article 6 § 2, it was introduced in April 2000 and therefore also outside the time-limit set by Article 35 § 1 of the Convention: whether or not the actions undertaken by him and ending in August 1998 could be considered effective remedies in respect of the trial judge's comments noted above, his subsequent application for leave to apply for judicial review was insufficient to stop time running, involving as it did an application to a court which did not have jurisdiction to consider it (see, the House of Lords judgment in the above-cited case of Re Ashton.).
C. Conclusion
The applicant's complaint concerning a right under Article 6 to a particular outcome of criminal proceedings is inadmissible as manifestly ill-founded and should be rejected pursuant to Article 35 §§ 3 and 4 of the Convention. His complaints giving rise to separate issues under Article 6 §§ 1 and 2 concerning the length of criminal proceedings against him and the comments of the trial judge on 19 January 1993 have been introduced outside the time-limit set by Article 35 § 1 of the Convention and should be rejected pursuant to Article 35 § 4 of the Convention.
For these reasons, the Court unanimously
Declares the application inadmissible.
Michael O'Boyle Matti Pellonpää
Registrar President
WITHEY v. THE UNITED KINGDOM DECISION
WITHEY v. THE UNITED KINGDOM DECISION


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1032 GMT April 02, 2020
Researchers at Indiana University School of Medicine have made several novel discoveries in the field of spinal cord injuries (SCI).
Zinedine Zidane faces a headache ahead of Real Madrid's trip to Villarreal on Sunday after learning that Isco could be out of action for around three weeks due to injury.
Barcelona captain Leo Messi is out of action less than two weeks ahead of the opening of La Liga season after injuring his right calf in training on Monday.
Anthony Martial and Jesse Lingard have been ruled out for two to three weeks and will miss Manchester United's games against Chelsea and Liverpool.
Ernesto Valverde confirmed that Lionel Messi will be assessed by Barcelona's medical staff after taking a knock in the 2-2 draw against Valencia, bringing his status for their midweek Copa del Rey clash against Real Madrid into question.
Neymar will be out for 10 weeks with a metatarsal injury, meaning he will miss both legs of Paris Saint-Germain's Champions League tie with Manchester United, the French champion confirmed.
A Palestinian has shot two Israelis dead in the occupied West Bank, less than a day after the Israeli military killed two of the Gaza-based Hamas resistance movement's members in the same region.
At least 19 people have been killed and 10 others wounded by the Saudi air strikes on Yemen's western city of Bayt al Faqih located in the vicinity of the port city of Al Hudaydah on Wednesday, local media reported.
Barcelona captain Lionel Messi will be out of action for three weeks after he fractured his right arm during Saturday's 4-2 La Liga win over Sevilla, a club statement said.
One in 20 suicides could be triggered by damage to the brain causes by road traffic accidents, assaults or falls, scientists have found.
For the first time in the US, a blood test will be available to help doctors determine if people who've experienced a blow to the head could have a traumatic brain injury such as brain bleeding or bruising.
Fire has engulfed a section of the Abadan Petrochemical Company in southern Iran, leaving one person dead and 18 more wounded.
Mohamed Salah gave Egypt's World Cup hopes a huge boost Wednesday when he joined a squad training session at the team's Grozny base.
Moroccan professional footballer Nabil Dirar would most likely not be part of his country's squad, when it takes on the Iran men's national football team, domestically known as Team Melli, it its maiden match at the 2018 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup in Russia.
Cristiano Ronaldo is expected to be fit for Real Madrid's final La Liga game at Villarreal later this month, easing fears that a right ankle injury picked up in El Clasico on Sunday could rule him out of the Champions League final against Liverpool on May 26 in Kiev, Ukraine.


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Level 5 Aesthetician
Advanced Facials go beyond the usual pampering facials, and how to effectively deal with specific skin concerns such pigmentation, ageing, skin blemishes. To get the best results from the facials we train you to use revival skincare products and chemical peels with the latest electrotherapy facial machines, dermal rollers, mesotherapy, and anti- ageing injectables.
Course Overview
We have worked extensively with OCN London to launch and accredit Revival Academy bespoke courses at levels 5 & 6 to meet the demand for higher qualifications in the growing aesthetic industry. Both VTCT and OCN assessment and certification process's are similar and both awarding bodies are recognised internationally and by local councils and insurance companies
We sourced OCN London who are regulated by OFQual to accredit our aesthetic courses because VTCT and other leading awarding bodies we worked with have not progressed with the changing industry and are still only providing beauty qualifications up to Level 4.
Day 1
Chemical Peels
You will learn how to carry out Revival peels and customise them for different skin conditions and use them with high frequency to increase the effectiveness of the treatment.
Revival Chemical Peels have no downtime, or discomfort during application and are formulated to be used with mesotherapy, skin needling and laser treatments.
Dermaplaning is a most recent craze to hit the industry and is fast overtaking microdermabrasion. At Revival Academy we have enhanced the results achieved from Dermaplaning by adding the our Revival chemical peels after the dead skin cells have been removed with scalpel. This allows the chemical peel to penetrate deeper. This creates an immediate skin radiance.
Day 2
Derma Rollers
Derma Roller treatments are very popular with clients. Needling attracts clients who want to have radiant skin and prevent skin ageing. You will learn how to carry out treatment with Derma Rollers using Medik8 serums.
Derma Pen
Needling with a derma-pen is more specific. Therefore, it is more effective on problematic skin. The derma-pen penetrates the skin and implants Medik8 serums, which is particularly beneficial for clients with acne scarring.
Day 3
Mesotherapy can be using the gun or tiny meso needles to inject a blend of serums that include vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and amino acids into the skin. These ingredients encourage the skin to produce collagen and elastin, leading to skin that is both firmer and smoother.
Micro-needling uses fine needles to create superficial micro-injuries in the skin. This kick-starts the skin's natural ability to repair itself and replace damaged tissue with new cells and collagen.


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How Florida license validation differs from Ongoing License Status Verification
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We all know how many times a Florida licensee will give you an incorrect license number and then get upset their continuing education was not reported properly. When you ask for a Florida license number on your website, an instant online transaction with CE Broker can check the license number. The Internet-based license validation is made possible when your system developers use XML Web service to communicate system-to-system. The CE Broker system would respond whether the Florida license number received is valid and, if valid, provide the licensee name on record. Think of it as a credit card transaction. You go to the gas station to pump gas and before you actually start pumping, your credit card is validated at the pump. It is the same with the license validation. While the licensee is registering for your course, the CE Broker system can respond instantly to your online validation request. The license validation is a service to educational providers. A different service is available to employers that provides primary source license verification ongoing.
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Re-draft your internal policy for the newly available electronic verification.


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7 Best Investments For Tax Savings Under Sec 80C
Sec 80C of the Income Tax Act, gives you tax benefits that you must avail to the full. If you are a tax payer, you not only save tax but, get to invest in instruments that offer good returns. Here are few of the best tax saving instruments under Sec 80C.
Axis Long Term Equity Fund
This is one of the top funds for investing in an Equity Linked Saving Scheme that qualifies for tax benefits under Sec 80C. This not only gives you a tax benefit of upto Rs 1.5 lakhs, but, also superb returns. In the last 1 year the fund has generated a return of 18 per cent. The three year returns from the fund has been almost 24 per cent on an average each year, in the last three years. So, if you are looking for one of the best investments under Sec 80C this should be it. However, we wish to emphasize that being linked to the stock markets, the returns are not guaranteed and these are highly risky investments.
For risk averse investors there is the highly tax efficient Public Provident Fund or PPF. We say "efficient" because not only do they give you benefits under Sec 80C, but the interest income is also exempt from Income Tax in India. A good scheme to invest in, also because the interest rate of 8.1 per cent is the best in its class at the moment. So, the interest at the moment is kind of win-win for all. There is a limit of Rs 1.5 lakhs that you can invest in the PPF. The one drawback of these investments is the fact that there is a lock-in period of 15 years.
DSP Blackrock Tax Saver
This is another ELSS Tax savings fund that has seen super returns in the last one year. The fund has generated a one year return of close to 36 per cent. DSP Blackrock Tax Saver has invested in many renowned stocks like State Bank of India and Axis Bank. You can invest in the fund through Systematic Investment Plans or also lumpsum with small investments of Rs 500 each. A good fund to invest in keeping a long term perspective in mind. However, as informed earlier these funds are risky and have the potential to even under perform as they are stock market related instruments.
Sukanya Samriddhi Account
You can also invest in the Sukanya Samriddhi Account to save tax under Sec 80C of the Income Tax Act. The total amount you save under the scheme is Rs 1.5 lakhs per annum. The interest at the moment is 8.1 per cent, which is not bad at all. However, you can invest only on behalf of a girl child in the scheme and up to two children only. The interest earned is also exempted from tax, this giving dual benefits.
Bank Tax Saving deposits
These again help you save tax under Sec 80C of the Income Tax. There is a lock-in period of 5 years on these deposits. The interest rates would depend on the bank that you deposit the money in. At best you can expect an interest rate ranging from 7 to 7.75 per cent. Expecting more then this interest would be a little too much. This is not the best tax saving scheme that offers you tax benefits under Sec 80C of the Income Tax Act.
National Savings Certificates
If you are looking at a safe government investment, then the the best way would be the National Savings Certificate. The maturity value of a certificate of Rs 100 would be Rs 146 after 5 years. Investment made up to Rs 1.5 lakhs per annum qualifies for IT Rebate under section 80C of Income Tax. The interest rate at around 8 per cent is not a bad bet at all. Good for the long term. Remember, the lock-in period of the deposits is 5 years.
How much tax do you save under Sec 80C?
The amount of tax that you save under Sec 80C is as follows: Assume that you invest the entire sum of Rs 1.5 lakhs that gives you the maximum tax benefits. In that case if you are in the 10% tax bracket you save Rs 15,000 in taxes. If you are in the 20% tax bracket, you save Rs 30,000 in taxes and Rs 50,000 by way of taxes in the highest tax bracket.


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How to Clean Stainless Steel Grill Grates
It is important to take the time to clean the stainless steel grill grates on your barbecue to reduce the chance of food poisoning from leftover food particles stuck to the surface. Charred food can also leave residue on anything new you cook, disrupting the flavor that you've worked hard to create. Fortunately, these grates aren't hard to clean and there are steps you can take to minimize the effort you expend in the future.
Step 1 - Clean After Each Use
Remove the food and allow your stainless grill to cool a little after you're done cooking. While it's still hot, briskly rub a good quality wire barbecue brush over the grates to remove stuck food pieces.
Step 2 - Clean Thoroughly Once a Week
If you use your grates regularly, especially during summer, it's important to give it a good cleaning once a week. Wait until your stainless steel grill has completely cooled. Then, mix some mild dishwashing detergent in warm water in a pail. You can do whatever concentration your prefer, but make sure that the mixture is sudsy. Use a paper towel or a sponge, and some steel wool as needed, to rub the mixture over the grates. After, empty the pail and fill with cool water this time to rinse the surface of the grates. Leave the grill lid open to allow the grates to dry completely when you've finished.
Keep the wire brush clean too by soaking it in hot soapy water once a week to remove food and grease. Rinse off the brush thoroughly with cool water and allow to completely air dry to reduce the chance of it rusting. Make sure to store it in a spot where it won't get dusty and dirty when not in use.
Step 3 - Perform Monthly or Annual Cleanings
To keep your stainless steel grill grates looking shiny and new, give them a good cleaning once a month. If you only use your grill sparingly during the summer months, you can get away with completing this step just once a year.
Combine one part water with one part distilled white vinegar in a spray bottle. Coat the grates and the interior of the grill with the mixture, and close the lid to allow it to sit for one hour to break down any burnt particles. Wipe the surface clean with damp paper towels. Then, rinse the surface with cool water to make sure no remnants of vinegar are left which could make your next meal cooked on the grill taste bad.
Step 4 - Give it the Deep Clean
If you haven't cleaned your stainless steel grill for some time, a deep cleaning may be necessary to remove all the grease and baked-on food that can't be scrubbed off with a wire barbecue brush.
Remove the grates and turn on the barbecue. Next wrap the cooking grates tightly with heavy-duty aluminum foil with the shiny side out. Put on oven mitts and place the wrapped grates on the grill. Close the lid and leave them there for 15 to 30 minutes. The more soiled they are, the longer you'll need to leave them. When the proper time has elapsed, turn off the barbecue, open the lid, and allow the grates to cool. Unwrap the foil and follow up with scraping the surface with a wire brush, as necessary, and washing the grates with soap and water.
Step 5 - Prevent Future Buildup of Debris
To help keep your grill from accumulating as much grime, wipe a paper towel coated in one tablespoon of vegetable oil over the grates after each cleaning. This will reduce the chance of food sticking the next time you use your grill.


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Fire Walls 3D
Inlogic - Game
Bonus 1 Poin
Rp 15,000
Fire Walls 3D
Help all the pets to get gems by shooting down towers and avoiding obstacles with your bullets. Get as much combo as possible to unlock 'Gem rush' to get rid of obstacles and bring the tower down faster. Get enough gems and you'll be able to unlock new pets to play as in this fun game! There are also daily challenges to look forward to! Are you up to it?
Shoot down towers and avoid obstacles. Collect enough gems to unlock new pets and get as much score as possible.
Controls touch
Tap on the screen and hold to shoot. Fill up the combo meter and tap on the 'Gem Rush' button to activate it.


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Shrinkflation a result of your local takeaway paying out commission
The BBC found a study carried out by the Office...1 year ago
29 august Vegetarian choice when travelling around the world
Indian Food
As a vegetarian when I decide to visit anywhere in the world, I also look at food first. Food must be good whether it's a takeaway or a hotel meal. I find many asian countries provide a great range of vegetarian food. I find that Indian food provides a good source of protein in many dishes, with some sensational spices which add flavour. My favourite Indian dishes are Tarka Daal, a lentil dish with naan or chapatti's, add some yogurt and a sabbji as a side dish. Remember south and north Indian food are very different in flavours, I prefer north Indian food, as the flavours are stronger, and the spices really get your taste buds going. So I nearly forgot to mention the great Paneer Dish, if you're a fan of fresh white unsalted cheese, you will love most paneer dishes.
Thai Food
Thailand is a great place for vegetarian food, food may be cooked on the same grill as other meals which are non-veg, so putting that to the side, some good dishes for veggies are born in Thailand. Noodle dishes are on top on the list with some fresh greens and some hot spices. Thai green curry is always on my list of dishes to eat, and the other is Yaki Gyoza, this is a meat free dumpling which comes with a soya sauce, mouthing water it is, on some occasions I have walked into a restaurant and had two portions of Yaki Goyza, not needing to have a main dish.
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Norwegian cruise ship firm Hurtigruten has launched a new green initiative which will see its fleet powered by reconstituted waste fish parts.
By 2021 Hurtigruten plans to have converted at least six of its 17 cruise liners to run on large battery packs which store renewable energy, liquefied natural gas – the least polluting of the fossil fuels – and biogas derived from the waste parts of fish which have been processed for food, mixed with other organic waste.
Biogas can be extracted from most organic waste by artificially accelerating the process of decomposition and harnessing the resulting methane emissions. A number of shipping firms have experimented with large battery packs as a fuel source; the packs are environmentally sustainable, but firms have previously had issues building battery packs large enough to run a full cruise liner. Advances in battery technology mean this is unlikely to be a problem for Hurtigruten's planned liner conversions.
Hurtigruten chief executive Daniel Skjeldam said: "Norway is a large shipping nation, but fishery and forestry are also large sectors. They create jobs and produce income, but they also produce a lot of waste products. The steady access to high volumes of organic waste gives the Nordic countries a unique position on the biogas market. We are pushing for more innovation, more investment. I believe we have just seen the beginning of what in a few years will be a huge sector."
The use of heavy fossil fuels in the shipping industry has come under close scrutiny for their high rate of greenhouse gas emissions, causing both marine and air pollution. Shipping is responsible for 13 per cent of the world's sulphur oxide emissions and 15 per cent of global emissions of nitrogen oxide. The announcement from Hurtigruten comes in the wake of a deadline imposed by the International Maritime Organisation on shipping companies to lower the sulphur content of their fuels to 0.5 per cent by 2020, rather than the 3.5 per cent currently present in most commonly used shipping fuels.
Hurtigruten, which was founded in Norway in 1893, operates cruises in the Arctic and Antarctic, both of which are particularly vulnerable to marine pollution and climate change. In addition to its fuel conversion plans, the company is banning the use of single use plastics on its vessels. It is in the process of building three new hybrid powered vessels, which are expected to debut in 2021.


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Boat Winterization in Berlin, MD
All-Season Boat Protection--Racetrack Auto & Marine
Boat Winterization
Get Your Boat Ready--Winter is Coming!
When the temperature starts to drop, the boating season starts to slow down. During the winter months, boat enthusiasts find very few opportunities to bring their boats out on the water. Boat winterization means performing all the necessary services that make sure your boat is well taken care of while it's not in use. Seeking an experienced professional should be the first thing you do after purchasing a new boat. Even experienced boaters will need special resources, services, and insights at their disposal to ensure optimal performance. You'll certainly need a place and a method for keeping your boat protected from the elements and safe from damages. Finding a way to keep your boat covered during the winter is very important. Quality boat winterization is about being proactive and making sure your boat is prepared to withstand all types of weather.
Engine Repairs & Maintenance--Inboard & Outboard
Our highly qualified technicians are experienced at maintaining and servicing all of your boat's needs. Your boat's owner's manual is a great tool to guide you in getting the necessary services for your boat. You can consult our team with any questions about the proper maintenance for your boat. Any repairs or maintenance for your inboard or outboard engine can be handled during your boat's preparatory winterization services. Our team always follows the best practices for your boat's maintenance. We can provide a thorough inspection of all parts of your boat engine, and remove any harmful plant life that may have attached itself. We'll keep all of your boat engine's fluids at the proper levels, and exchanging any fluids that need to be replaced.
Schedule Your Boat's Winterization Services
Come see us at Racetrack Auto & Marine in Berlin, MD for quality boat winterization services. We have a team of boat service experts and enthusiasts ready to prep your boat for the winter season. Give us a call today and our team will provide complete boat repairs and maintenance.


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I'll just cut right to the chase – there are some things you shouldn't say to a mother. Some are obvious, but some aren't so obvious. I know friends and family only mean well but sometimes there just isn't the right time to say some things to a mother, especially a new mother.
I'll admit, a lot of the time I hate these comments because I'm tired or exhausted, which makes me grumpy, but I'm sure I'm not the only mother in the world who hates hearing some of these comments.
1. You're looking tired..
Just why? Why even ask this question? Of course I'm tired! Kids don't like to make it easy for parents at night time. It's like it's fun to wake up during the night for a play. To top that off, I've been running around after a toddler who thinks it's funny to dive through cupboards and pull all of the books and DVD's onto the floor.
2. Is your baby sleeping through the night yet?
Now we were very lucky that Oliver slept through the night quite early, but I know it's not that simple for others. Of course he does like to wake up during the night so he can join us in bed, which basically means my sleep has finished! Just don't ask this question unless you already know the answer is YES.
3. My baby was doing that at XX age!
Ughhh now this is my least favourite. Don't ever say this one to me. I'm already anxious that Oliver isn't doing things the speed he should be doing them (even though everything online says he's fine). It's not a race. All babies do things at different times! Please don't make this parenting thing a competition.
4. Just wait until you have another!
This isn't something I need to hear/know yet. Just don't even go there.
5. How's your weight loss going?
FINE THANKS (Whilst eating a big bag of crisps and having a sharing chocolate bar and Coke waiting just for me). In all seriousness, there is so much pressure put on mothers to lose the baby weight and I hate it. Let us just go at our own speed!
6. Just sleep when the baby sleeps.
Gosh I remember hearing this before I gave birth and I thought 'Yeah. That'll be easy'. IT IS NOT THAT EASY. I can't tell you how many times I've dosed off to be woken up by Oliver 10mins later. Plus, the house work would never get done.
7. But you spend so much time at home…?
Oh man the amount of time I heard someone say 'But you're a stay at home mother, it must be easy staying at home so much?'. It really isn't as easy as sitting on the sofa letting your child angelically play on the floor all day.
8. Why aren't you breastfeeding?
Some Mums just can't breastfeed. That's a fact. If a mother isn't breastfeeding accept that decision and move on. There may be a serious reason behind why they aren't breastfeeding. If you'd like to read my breastfeeding story you can find it here.
9. He doesn't look like you…
I heard this one a lot when Oliver was born. He was the spitting image of his father. I know this is usually the way it goes, they either look like one parent or the other. There's just something heart breaking about hearing those words.
10. Ohh he/she is quite big/small!
All babies come out different shapes and sizes. It's not one size fits all. I heard 'He's quite a chunky monkey' a lot, and I know it wasn't meant to come across mean but it's just a nicer way of saying you're baby looks fat. This'll put so many anxious thoughts into the mothers head, so just leave this one out.
I can honestly say from my own experience that being a first time mother is one of the most terrifying and anxious moments of my life. Just the slightest 'light-hearted' comment can really set my mind off. What comments have really set you off? Do you agree with any of the above, or is it just me…?