text:
The Hitwoman Hunts a Ghost
Confessions of a Slightly Neurotic Hitwoman Book 6
- $3.99
- $3.99
Publisher Description
Bumbling hitwoman Maggie Lee has discovered the sister she thought was dead might be alive. She's desperate to find her, but all of her bosses are making unreasonable demands. Demands she can't afford not to meet.
Once again, Delveccio, the chocolate pudding loving mob boss, needs someone whacked.
Her obnoxious boss at her day job insists she intervene on his behalf with her semi-psychic friend, Armani.
And the mysterious organization with the power to put her almost-lover Patrick behind bars has saddled her with an annoying new partner and sent her on a mission that has gone to the dogs.
With the clock ticking, Maggie (along with her snarky lizard, dyslexic Doberman and Southern belle cat) does her best to pull off every job without winding up in jail or dead…but is her best good enough?


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this house is so cute it is ridiculous. to quote my bff rachel zoe "I die." If I were living in some coastal town and single (don't get me wrong, "real men wear pink" but eric would never want that much pink) this is how my house would look. and I would invite you all over for pink lemonade. and yard games.
and look-y here... I'm getting better about saving sources. Images from House Beautiful.

subset: commoncrawl


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Samantha, a friend from my organizing world, just emailed me and as she is trying to take her business to the next level in 2018 she is concentrating on three words. They are consistency, seen and lion.
I decided this is a good exercise for me. Twice in the last 24 hours I've received emails with the word "intentional" in them and both times it struck me as an important word for the coming year. I need to MAKE things happen, not just wait and hope for the best.
My second word is "grateful" because, as I joked several months ago in my blog, not only do I often see the glass as half empty, it might be dirty and have a crack in it as well. 🙂
My third word could probably be "lion" but since my friend used that I will say "fearless." I worry ALL THE TIME and it's such an emotional drain and so pointless. So, with RVing I want to be fearless, with starting a new business I want to be fearless, and with thinking about my family I want to be fearless…although "at peace" kind of works better in that instance.
Anyway, I don't want to become obsessed with all this new year's resolution, goal making, word choosing stuff, (Has that ship already sailed?) but do think it's smart to occasionally sit quietly, think things through and maybe even make a plan!
I know the next step in all this is accountability, but that's so scary, isn't it? Or am I the only one that gets hung up with that part?
Until next time…


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Utilizing Microsoft Excel expectations at working environment – Office.com/setup
Utilizing Microsoft Excel expectations at working environment – Office Setup
Utilizing Microsoft Excel expectations at working environment – Microsoft Excel expectations is a standout amongst the best information base administration devices accessible on market. It isn't really an Information base management programming but instead a product that works with tables and numerical algorithms. When we get the chance to investigate the Microsoft Office Excel expectations, We discover a few highlights that cant be found on some other efficiency programming. You may see the contrast between Microsoft Office excel expectations and Different virtual products basically by taking a gander at the arrangement of highlights that are utilized for the Numerical activities and also the degree of customization that is incorporating into the Microsoft Excel expectations Sheet.Once you have made a Microsoft Excel expectations Sheet, You can further investigate the Choices of Microsoft Office, with every one of the mixes that are incorporated into the item. Office isn't only an efficiency suite for individual use yet in addition for work and Business condition. Get support help 24/7 Hours of office.com/setup
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Whenever utilized by an expert, It very well may be utilized for a lot of work that incorporates substantial arithmetic and work that is difficult to do physically.
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Meet Us
Our role as a specialty clinic is to serve as a resource to the referring dentist. We support the development and implementation of a comprehensive treatment plan through consultation, recommendation and treatment. It is our sincere desire to educate the patient, communicate with the doctor and provide a high standard service. We strive to provide quality, compassionate care to our patients. The genuine care and comfort of our patients is our highest priority. We pledge to provide the finest dental care experience for our patients using the most current technologies and most comfortable and relaxing treatment possible. Our patients receive nothing but the best when it comes to their oral health. Our staff operates with honesty and integrity creating relationships with our patients, based on trust. We are committed to fulfilling the wishes and needs of our patients through exceptional care in an atmosphere that feels as close to home as possible.


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Learning for Life
Before the creation of the Jubilee Centre for Character and Virtues in 2012, Centre Director Prof. James Arthur led a team on a project titled Learning for Life. This 5 year project looked at the character and values of 3-25 year olds across different educational and professional settings. The work was published in 5 main reports, available in full and summary version below. The final report appears as Of Good Character. A limited number of Of Good Character, as well as Citizens of Character: New Directions in Character and Values Education are available on request - please contact Aidan Thompson firstname.lastname@example.com
The Jubilee Centre for Character and Virtues
12th Floor (West), Muirhead Tower,
University of Birmingham, Edgbaston,
Tel: +44 121 414 4875


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| Kichia
Claude Albert
| Senator
| Deputy Prime Minister
Senator for Esmeralda Prime's First District
|Former Titles
| Chancellor
Master Prefect
|Former Positions
| Minister of the Crown
Senator for Natodren's First District
|Birth Name
|Esmeralda Prime
|North Folk
|D'jalnasian Institute
|Political Party
|Federalist Party
| Esmeraldan Empire
House Tull
|Social Status
|Member Of
|House Tull
|House Caste
|The Guardians
| 65 Daughters
45 Sons
|Hair Colour
|Eye Colour
|Skin Colour
|Special Abilities
|Rapid Cellular Regeneration
|Service Years
| 4531-4602
|Current Assignment
|Military Specialties
|Pilot Wings
|Security Clearance
|Current Status
Pamlico is a praepositan who has lived under several aliases over a span of nearly nine centuries. During his lifetime, he has watched civilization and the planet evolve from the aftermath of the Advenan War. He both knew, and indeed WAS, some of the greatest minds in Imperial history. He is one of the founding fathers of the Esmeraldan Empire.
He is the progenitor of the entire praepositan species, as a result of the hundreds of children he has fathered over the last eight-hundred years.
Biography Edit
Pamlico was the very first praepositan created during Advenan genetic experiments conducted in the mid-45th century. Unlike most meta-humans, he has the appearance of normal human and was the very first to demonstrate a praepositan ability. His ability is rapid cellular regeneration which makes him effectively immortal. He is effectively ageless. Pamlico was one of the original founders of Esmeralda and was a close friend of Jeremy Tull, the founder of Esmeralda. He has faked his death and reinvented himself seventeen times. He has been granted several PhDs and martial arts expertises.
In 5265 he has since returned to using his original name, Pamlico. He revealed his true nature and history in 5256 to the Imperial public but was granted an exemption to the restrictions of the Containment Act. Though met with fear by the general population, he has helped the public to become more trusting of praepositans. In 5265 he is a Federalist Senator for Esmeralda's first district. He is serving as the Deputy Prime Minister under Senate leader Teasha Cullen .
Personality Edit
He is noted for his quiet and patient attitude. Pamlico is very much a sophisticated man. He is very appreciative of art and culture in the "modern world". He is a ladies man; and will tell many about his many exploits. His charm and wit were counterpointed, however, by his somber half, which prompted him to shun marriage and committed relationships.
Physical Description Edit
Samoan praepositan male. Long black curly hair. He is clean shaven and has the physique of a body builder. His physical age appears to be twenty-five years old.
Prominent Military and Political Titles Held Edit
- Deputy Prime Minister (5264-present)
- Minister of Defence (5259-present)
- Senator for Esmeralda Prime's First District (5255-present)
- Professor of History at D'jalnasian Institute (5137-5162) as Aldrich Bakker
- Senator for Natodren's First District (5090-5121) as Ronald Guttmann
- Professor of Research in Mutagenics at D'jalnasian Institute (5032-5045) as Graham Beckel
- Champion of the Capital (4958-4992) as Troy Dekker
- Master Prefect (4736-4740) as Kevin Chamberlin
- Supreme Commander of the Imperial Legion (4531-4602) as Claude Albert
- Imperial Chancellor (4496-4529) as Kichia
Notable Accomplishments Edit
- Established First Contact with the Stradan Regime
- Founding Father of the Esmeraldan Empire
- Founding Father of the Legion
- Medical Doctor & Surgeon
- Ph.D in Mutagenics from the D'jalnasian Institute
- Ph.D in History from the D'jalnasian Institute
- Ph.D in Physics and Electrical Engineering from the D'jalnasian Institute
- Third Metal War Veteran
- Gladiator of the Coliseum
Aliases Edit
- Kichia
- Claude Albert
- Wilson Rose
- Kevin Chamberlin
- Aaron Metsler
- Matt Chantra
- Troy Dekker
- Erick Avari
- Alan Zrado
- Graham Beckel
- Carlton Jeffery
- Ronald Guttmann
- Aldrich Bakker
- Paul Harding
- Shamir Mellows
Timeline Edit
- 4410: Born in Machine Testing Facility in Advena as Pamlico
- 4431: Along with Jeremy Tull Sr. and a group of survivors escapes from machine testing facility
- 4433: Discovers (along with survivors) ancient underground fallout bunker located in Nevada desert
- 4435: Meta-mutation manifests with the ability of Rapid Cellular Regeneration
- 4481: Esmeralda Refuge Founded
- 4493: Participates in the Noble Riots
- 4493: Fakes death. Assumes identity of Kichia.
- 4495: Inducted in House Tull, Guardian Caste.
- 4496: Appointed as Imperial Chancellor by King Tull I
- 4520: Appointed as Imperial Chancellor by King Tull II
- 4529: Fakes death. Assumes identity of Claude Albert.
- 4531: Establishes the Legion along with The Consilium
- 4531: Assigned as Supreme Commander by Emperor Tull II
- 4531: Commissioned as Admiral
- 4602: Fakes death. Assumes identity of Wilson Rose.
- 4610: Moves to Labelle City Colony
- 4611: Begins living in solitude
- 4611: Studies Kyokushin Arts
- 4679: Becomes Kyokushin Master
- 4688: Fakes death. Assumes identity of Kevin Chamberlin.
- 4688: Enters the Prefaectus Order and begins training
- 4702: Ordained as a Sub-Prefect
- 4711: Makes first contact with Strada
- 4714: Participates in the 'Battle of Gaim'
- 4736: Appointed to the Prefaectus Council as Master by Prefect-Patris
- 4740: Fakes death. Assumes identity of Aaron Metsler.
- 4741: Enlists in Imperial Legion Marine Corps
- 4742: Assigned to Garbháin Colony as Marine Private
- 4749: Promoted to Corporal
- 4755: Promoted to Sergeant
- 4780: Promoted to Sergeant-Major
- 4795: Retires from the Imperial Legion Marine Corps
- 4840: Fakes death. Assumes identity of Matt Chantra.
- 4841: Enrolled at the Garbháinn Institute
- 4853: Graduates from the Garbháinn Institute as a Medical Doctor
- 4869: Graduates from the Garbháinn Institute with a Masters of Surgery
- 4923: Fakes death. Assumes identity of Troy Dekker.
- 4951: Anhangabaú war begins
- 4955: Becomes a Gladiator
- 4958: Becomes Champion of the Capital
- 4971: Participates in the 'Battle of Arrus' at Anhangabaú
- 4992: Defeated in combat and loses title as Champion of the Capital
- 4993: Fakes death. Assumes identity of Erick Avari.
- 4994: Moves to Ipsha City and establishes ship repair facility
- 4995: Boar War begins
- 5000: Fakes death. Assumes identity of Alan Zrado.
- 5000: Enlists in Imperial Legion as Non-Com
- 5000: Assigned to HMS Galaxy as Crewman.
- 5002: Participates in the 'Battle of Isalo'
- 5012: Berran War Begins
- 5014; Participates in the 'Battle of Berra Minor'
- 5014: Berran War Ends
- 5018: Fakes death. Assumes identity of Graham Beckel.
- 5018: Enrolled at D'jalnasian Institute
- 5029: A phenomenon occurs when dozens of individuals known as praepositans manifest
- 5031: The Containment Act is passed severely limiting the rights of praepositans
- 5031: Graduates from D'jalnasian Institute (PhD in Mutagenics)
- 5032: Appointed as Professor of Research in Mutagenics at D'jalnasian Institute
- 5045: Fakes death. Assumes identity of Carlton Jeffery.
- 5046: Enrolled at Legionnaie Academy
- 5049: Receives Naval Flight Wings
- 5051: Graduated - Commissioned as Ensign (Operations)
- 5052: Assigned to HMS Galaxy as Technician
- 5058: Promoted to Lieutenant (JG)
- 5061: First Metal War Begins
- 5062: Promoted to Lieutenant
- 5064: Assigned as HMS Galaxy Operator
- 5071: Treaty of Vomnis ends the First Metal War
- 5073: Promoted to Lieutenant Commander
- 5075: Assigned to HMS Tull as Executive Officer
- 5077: Promoted to Commander
- 5082: Fakes death. Assumes identity of Ronald Guttmann.
- 5082: Moves to Natodren
- 5085: Enters into mining business with Koranpen
- 5090: Elected to Imperial Senate (Natodren's First) as Federalist
- 5093: Second Metal War Begins
- 5101: Treaty of Gerax ends the Second Metal War
- 5121: Fakes death. Assumes identity of Aldrich Bakker.
- 5121: Enrols at D'jalnasian Institute (PhD in History)
- 5135: Graduates from D'jalnasian Institute
- 5137: Appointed as Professor of History at D'jalnasian Institute
- 5162: Fakes death. Assumes identity of Bruce Vernal.
- 5162: Enrolled at D'jalnasian Institute
- 5186: Graduates from D'jalnasian Institute (PhD in Physics and Electrical Engineering)
- 5186: Fakes death. Assumes identity of Paul Harding.
- 5188: Moves to Hokshee and establishes a shuttle rental and repair outpost
- 5231: Fakes death. Assumes identity of Shamir Mellows.
- 5231: Enlists in Imperial Legion as a Civilian Services Clerk
- 5231: Assigned to HMS Sutton as Kitchen Food Preparer
- 5234: Third Metal War Begins
- 5234: Assigned to HMS Choi as Mess Hall Manager
- 5237: Participates in the 'Battle of Port Charles'
- 5237: Participates in the 'Battle of Metron'
- 5237: Participates in the 'Battle of Binius'
- 5238: Participates in the 'Battle of Hokshee'
- 5238: Participates at the 'Battle of the Croix'
- 5238: Third Metal War Ends
- 5238: Berran Riots
- 5240: Fakes death. Assumes identity of Pamlico.
- 5241: Appointed as Professor of History at Esmeralda Provincial Collegiate
- 5243: Stradan War Begins
- 5250: Stradan War Ceasefire Reached
- 5256: Has first encounter with the meta Jeff Baldwin
- 5255: The Border Wars Breakout
- 5255: Elected to Imperial Senate (Esmeralda's First) as Federalist
- 5256: Status as a praepositan becomes public knowledge
- 5256: Granted a pardon by Emperor Garbháin II to the terms of the Containment Act
- 5260: The Borders Wars End
- 5259: Appointed as Minister of Defence by Prime Minister Teasha Cullen
- 5264: Appointed as Deputy Prime Minister by Prime Minister Teasha Cullen


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Indigenous Peoples' Rights and Conservation: Recent Developments in Human Rights Jurisprudence
Advances in international jurisprudence since 2009 have clarified human rights law in relation to conservation, decidedly moving these issues from the realm of policy to one of legal obligations. This jurisprudence also supports the conclusion that failure to respect indigenous peoples' rights could affect the legitimacy and even continuation of a considerable number of protected areas and other non-consensual conservation interventions.
Between 2010 and 2017, international judicial or quasi-judicial human rights bodies have adopted four significant decisions related to conservation. They address protected area (1) establishment, (2) management, and (3) the restitution of lands incorporated into protected areas.
While summarizing some of the key normative developments in these decisions [Xákmok Kásek v. Paraguay (2010), Endorois Welfare Council (2010), Kaliña and Lokono Peoples v. Suriname (2015) and African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights v. Kenya (2017)], this piece does not address indigenous land rights per se. However, it is key to recall that indigenous property rights derive from their customary tenure systems,[1] and any proposed or actual encroachment on their lands, irrespective of legal status in domestic law, triggers a series of obligations incumbent on both public and private sector actors.[2]
Global and regional jurisprudence essentially tracks the norms set out in the 2007 UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples,[3] which therefore provides an indispensable reference point, both in terms of guarantees for indigenous territories and indigenous peoples' rights more generally.
Protected Area Establishment: The necessity if considering Public Interest, Necessity and Proportionality
While the public interest doctrine, in relation to protected area establishment, is often understood by States and others to provide an overriding justification that permits coercive conservation measures, trumping rights in the process, human rights bodies have long made clear that a valid public interest declaration is only the first step and that any activity that may lawfully affect certain human rights also must comply with necessity, proportionality, non-discrimination[4] and other tests.[5]
States must demonstrate that coercive conservation is "strictly necessary" and that they have chosen the least restrictive option from a human rights perspective[6] to satisfy the stated public interest.[7] Any restrictions must also be proportionate and closely tailored to the asserted public interest.[8] These considerations are questions of fact, and constrained by facts, rather than political discretion.[9] Therefore, evidence of the efficacy of indigenous territorial conservation is central to assessing necessity and proportionality as well as to whether coercive conservation measures are permissible and, if so, to what extent.
As a general principle, it is highly relevant that indigenous territories "coincide with areas that hold 80 percent of the planet's biodiversity"[10] and that research consistently "reveals a strong correlation between indigenous presence and the protection of natural ecosystems."[11] Various sources also confirm that indigenous peoples are at least as good, if not better, at conservation than States and others.[12] Tauli-Corpuz explains that this body of research, at a minimum, "puts the onus on states to justify why non-consensual protected areas may be strictly necessary within indigenous territories" and to "substantiate that they have rigorously applied the criteria that would allow them to intervene in indigenous territories, including through undertaking participatory assessments of alternatives."[13] It also strongly supports the view that respect for indigenous peoples' rights is "often the best or only way to ensure the protection of biodiversity" and successful conservation.[14]
The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights ("IACHR") observes there must be a "rational connection" between protection of the environment and restrictions on the ownership, use and enjoyment of indigenous peoples' territories.[15] Where it can be shown that indigenous management and conservation is effective, there would be no factual basis for, and hence no need to resort to, coercive measures. Doing so would be unnecessary and disproportionate to the asserted public interest.
The above requirements are contextualized and elaborated on in the recent jurisprudence. In Endorois, for instance, the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights ("AfCom") observed that the denial of the Endorois' "property rights over their ancestral land is disproportionate to any public need served by the Game Reserve."[16] Similarly, in May 2017, the African Court of Human and Peoples' Rights ("ACTHPR") ruled that Kenya had "not provided any evidence" to support its claim that occupation by the Ogiek was detrimental to the environment, and, therefore, "the continued denial of access to and eviction from the Mau Forest … cannot be necessary or proportionate to achieve the purported justification of preserving the natural ecosystem…."[17] Referring again to Kenya's claim, the ACTHPR ruled that "this cannot, by any standard, serve as a reasonable and objective justification for the lack of recognition of the Ogieks' indigenous or tribal status and denying them the associated rights derived from such status."[18] It ruled in the same way with respect to violations of cultural rights.[19] This is consistent with the IACHR and IACTHR's jurisprudence, which affirms that indigenous lands are fundamental to indigenous peoples' cultural integrity and survival.[20] This jurisprudence additionally holds that certain restrictions may be either "impermissible"[21] or subject to indigenous peoples' free, prior and informed consent, irrespective of the asserted public interest.[22]
Kaliña and Lokono contains the most detailed jurisprudence relating to the management of protected areas. As a general principle, the IACTHR explains that, from the date the State accepted its international commitments "it should have endeavoured to ensure compatibility between the protection of the environment and the collective rights of the indigenous peoples, in order to: (a) ensure access to and use of their ancestral territories for their traditional ways of life in the nature reserves, and (b) provide the means for them to participate effectively in the objectives of the reserves; … and (c) to participate in the benefits derived from conservation."[23]
With regard to "effective participation," the IACTHR observed that "it is necessary to: (i) recognize the right of the indigenous peoples to use their own institutions and representatives to manage, administer and protect their traditional territories; (ii) ensure a decision-making system in which the indigenous peoples participate fully and effectively; (iii) seek agreements between the respective communities and the conservation agencies that establish the management, the commitments, the responsibilities, and the purposes of the area, and (iv) guarantee access to information regarding any measures taken in relation to these areas."[24]
Additionally, indigenous peoples' traditional practices that "contribute to the sustainable care and protection of the environment should be maintained, protected and promoted. Thus, it is pertinent to support the indigenous peoples' knowledge, institutions, practices, strategies and management plans related to conservation."[25]
While more limited in its scope and analysis than Kaliña and Lokono, the IACTHR's judgment in Garífuna Community of Punta Piedra v. Honduras found violations of property and participation rights in connection with the State's failure to consult about the establishment of a protected area overlapping part of the community's traditional lands and, later, about the terms of its management plan.[26] It ordered, inter alia, that the State adopts effective measure to guarantee the community free access, use and enjoyment of its collective property in that part of its territory within the National Park,[27] and awarded monetary damages for the violations incurred.[28]
Failure to respect indigenous peoples' rights may result in challenges to the legitimacy and even continuation of protected areas and other conservation initiatives through, for example, restitution of all or parts of the lands included therein. The AfCom recommended restitution in Endorois[29] and the ACTHPR is expected to address, and possibly order, restitution in a forthcoming reparations judgment in the Ogiek case.[30]
This recent jurisprudence builds on existing rules and norms and clarifies their application in the conservation context.[31] These same principles are also reflected in international policies on protected areas, for example, in the 2003 and 2014 decisions of the World Parks Congress.[32] Note also that all but one of the protected areas at issue in these cases was created prior to the respondent State's ratification of the relevant treaties; thus, all protected areas are potentially subject to restitution, irrespective of when they were first established and to the extent that ongoing and continuous violations may be verified.
In Xákmok Kásek, the IACTHR found that the nature reserve imposed "restrictions to use and ownership, including the prohibition to occupy the land, as well as the traditional activities of the members of the Community such as hunting, fishing and gathering."[33] Because of the ongoing relationships between the community and the lands in the reserve, the Court ruled that the affected people's right "to recover their lost lands remains in effect" and it ordered restitution of the same.[34]
Likewise, in Kaliña and Lokono, the IACTHR verified "a continuous relationship between the Kaliña and Lokono and certain areas [of nature reserves] that they use for their way of life," and, therefore, ruled that they have the right to "the possible restitution of the parts of their traditional territory within the nature reserves…."[35] The term 'possible' should be understood in light of the Court finding that it lacked sufficient information about "the precise dimension of their traditional territory that is within these reserves."[36] Nonetheless, it required and ordered[37] that the State, as part of the process of titling the traditional territory, "must weigh the collective rights of the Kaliña and Lokono peoples against the protection of the environment as part of the public interest" to determine whether restitution should also take place.[38] The IACTHR explained that this 'weighing' must assess the necessity and proportionality of any restrictions to the Kaliña and Lokono's rights in the reserves, including whether continued denial of their ownership rights to all or parts of the reserves is defensible to achieve nature conservation objectives.[39] Moreover, this should be understood in conjunction with the IACTHR's conclusion that indigenous peoples play "an important role in nature conservation, since certain traditional uses entail sustainable practices and are considered essential for the effectiveness of conservation strategies. Consequently, respect for the rights of the indigenous peoples may have a positive impact on environmental conservation."[40]
Finally, the IACTHR ordered restitution in Kaliña and Lokono despite finding that, because the reserves were created prior to the entry into force of the relevant treaty, it lacked jurisdiction to examine their creation and was "prevented from examining aspects related to the process that led to the technical determination of the dimensions, limits, and areas established as nature reserves."[41] This meant that the Court was able to address ongoing or new issues related to the reserves, but not their establishment, leaving a number of issues unaddressed, procedural ones especially. It indicated, however, that its ruling would have been different, and along the unequivocal lines of Xákmok Kásek, if it had had jurisdiction over "the creation and persistence of the nature reserves" rather than solely their "existence" and ongoing effects.[42] Either way, should it be determined that it is unnecessary or disproportionate to deny or restrict the ownership and/or other rights of the Kaliña and Lokono, the lands within the reserves must be returned to them as part of the titling process and conservation objectives must be addressed in other ways and within the context of full respect for their territorial and other rights.
In the past 18 months, two United Nations Special Rapporteurs have penned reports on human rights and conservation: Victoria Tauli-Corpuz, UN Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples, and John Knox, UN Special Rapporteur on human rights and the environment.[43] These reports stress that human rights obligations "apply not only to measures aimed at exploitation of resources, but also to those aimed at conservation," and duty-bearers have enhanced obligations to respect the rights of "those who have long-standing, close relationships with their ancestral territories."[44]
The Rapporteurs also observe that violations of indigenous peoples' rights persist in conservation actions and that many states[45] and the conservation community, especially its largest actors, have yet to adequately comprehend and develop effective mechanisms to respect these rights.[46] Tauli-Corpuz observes that this pattern of violations is long-standing, affects rights essential to indigenous peoples' survival and well-being,[47] and is particularly pronounced in countries that have not adequately recognized collective land rights and associated protections.[48] Noting that a range of conservation actors have adopted policy statements addressing indigenous peoples' rights, Tauli-Corpuz observes that these "are at times elusive regarding the specific rights of indigenous peoples,"[49] and that "considerable implementation gaps remain and new threats to human rights-based conservation are emerging."[50] The Rapporteurs conclude that conservationists need to intensify "efforts to fulfil their commitments to a rights-based approach to conservation,"[51] and that "States and conservation organizations need to implement measures to recognize the rights of indigenous peoples as a matter of priority."[52]
[1] See e.g., UNDRIP, Art. 26(1), providing that "Indigenous peoples have the right to the lands, territories and resources which they have traditionally owned, occupied or otherwise used or acquired."
[2] See e.g., IACHR, Indigenous and Tribal Peoples' Rights over their Ancestral Lands, supra.
[3] See e.g., Kaliña and Lokono Peoples, para. 139, footnote 178, where the Court cites UNDRIP, Art. 26, and states that "Similarly, [that article] recognizes the right to lands, territories and resources which they have traditionally owned, occupied or otherwise used or acquired, as well as the right to own, use, develop and control these lands; thus, States must give legal recognition and protection to these lands, respecting the customs, traditions and land tenure systems of the indigenous peoples concerned."
[4] See e.g., Asmundsson v. Iceland, ECtHR, Judgment of 12 October 2004, at §40 (ruling that "Unjustifiable differential treatment in itself" strongly supports a finding that restrictive measures are impermissible, "which consideration must carry great weight in the assessment of the proportionality issue…"); and Xákmok Kásek Indigenous Community v. Paraguay, IACTHR, Ser. C No. 214, 24 August 2010, at para 274 (hereinafter "Xákmok Kásek"). Such considerations are also incorporated into domestic legal regimes where regard to equality is often constitutionally required when assessing the 'necessity' of measures limiting rights (e.g., Section 36 of the South African Constitution).
[5] See e.g., Hatton v. United Kingdom, European Court of Human Rights, Judgment of 8 July 2003, at §127; African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights v. Kenya, ACTHPR, Application No. 006/2012, Judgment, 26 May 2017, para. 129 (hereinafter "AfCom v. Kenya").
[6] Hatton v. United Kingdom, European Court of Human Rights, Judgment of 8 July 2003, at §127 (where the ECHR identified the obligation of states to minimize interferences with rights by seeking alternative solutions, "and by generally seeking to achieve their aims in the least onerous way as regards human rights").
[7] Case of Ricardo Canese, IACTHR, Ser. C No. 111, 31 August 2004, at para. 96; Case of Herrera-Ulloa, IACTHR, Ser. C No. 107, 2 July 2004, at para. 121 (quoting Compulsory Membership in an Association Prescribed by Law for the Practice of Journalism (arts. 13 and 29 American Convention on Human Rights), OC-5/85, 13 November 1985, para. 30). See also Article 46(2) of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (providing that restrictions on indigenous peoples' rights must be "non-discriminatory and strictly necessary," and solely concern securing due recognition and respect for the rights of others or the "just and most compelling requirements" of democratic society").
[8] See e.g., Angela Poma Poma v. Peru, CCPR/C/95/D/1457/2006, 24 April 2009, at para. 7.6 (ruling that, in the case of indigenous peoples, State parties "must respect the principle of proportionality so as not to endanger the very survival of the community and its members") and; Saramaka People, at para. 128, and 129-134 (defining 'survival' as indigenous peoples' "ability to 'preserve, protect and guarantee the special relationship that they have with their territory', so that 'they may continue living their traditional way of life, and that their distinct cultural identity, social structure, economic system, customs, beliefs and traditions are respected, guaranteed and protected'").
[9] Various human rights bodies apply strict standards of scrutiny to restrictions to indigenous peoples' rights and explicitly reject the application of a 'margin of appreciation' in such cases. See e.g., I. Lansman et al. vs. Finland (Communication No. 511/1992), CCPR/C/52/D/511/1992, at para. 9.4 (observing that "A State may understandably wish to encourage development or allow economic activity by enterprises. The scope of its freedom to do so is not to be assessed by reference to a margin of appreciation, but by reference to the obligations it has undertaken in article 27"); and, Australia. CERD/C/AUS/CO/14, 14 April 2005, para. 16.
[10] C. Sobrevila, The Role of Indigenous Peoples in Biodiversity Conservation: the natural but often forgotten partners, (World Bank, Washington D.C., 2008), at p. 5 and 20.
[11] Id. (citing research conducted in the Amazon and then again in southern Mexico and Central America, comparing maps of forest cover and biodiversity with indigenous territories and finding that the highest areas of forest cover, in some cases, the only forest cover, and highest incidences of biodiversity all coincided with the indigenous territories).
[12] S. Stevens, Indigenous Peoples, National Parks, and Protected Areas: A New Paradigm (U. Arizona Press, 2014) (summarizing the findings of the various sources).
[13] Kaliña and Lokono Peoples, Testimony of Expert Witness, Victoria Tauli-Corpuz, Audio Transcript, Part 2, at 1:30:31.
[14] JK 2017, at para. 59.
[15] Kaliña and Lokono Peoples, Concluding Statement of the IACHR, Audio Transcript, Part 3, at 1:32:00 (observing that there is "no rationale connection, none" in the case sub judice).
[16] Id. at para. 214 (stating also that any limitations on rights must be proportionate to a legitimate need, and should be the least restrictive measures possible, and, at para. 215, that: "a limitation may not erode a right such that the right itself becomes illusory;" "the point where such a right becomes illusory, the limitation cannot be considered proportionate – the limitation becomes a violation of the right;" and "the Respondent State has not only denied the Endorois community all legal rights in their ancestral land, rendering their property rights essentially illusory, but in the name of creating a Game Reserve and the subsequent eviction of the Endorois community from their own land, the Respondent State has violated the very essence of the right itself, and cannot justify such an interference with reference to 'the general interest of the community' or a 'public need'").
[17] AfCom v. Kenya, para. 130.
[18] Id. at para. 145.
[19] Id. para. 189 (finding that "the Respondent has not adequately substantiated its claim that the eviction of the Ogiek population was for the preservation of the natural ecosystem of the Mau Forest. Considering that the Respondent has interfered with the cultural rights of the Ogieks through the evictions and given that the Respondent invokes the same justification of preserving the natural ecosystem for its interference, the Court reiterates its position that the interference cannot be said to have been warranted by an objective and reasonable justification. … In view of this, the purported reason of preserving the natural environment cannot constitute a legitimate justification for the Respondent's interference with the Ogieks' exercise of their cultural rights").
[20] See e.g., Kichwa Indigenous People of Sarayaku v. Ecuador, IACTHR, Ser. C No. 245, 27 June 2012, para. 146 (explaining that "the protection of the territories of indigenous and tribal peoples also stems from the need to guarantee the security and continuity of their control and use of natural resources, which in turn allows them to maintain their lifestyle. This connection between territory and natural resources that indigenous and tribal peoples have traditionally maintained, one that is necessary for their physical and cultural survival and the development and continuation of their worldview…"); and Río Negro Massacres, IACTHR, Ser. C No. 250, 4 September 2012, at para. 177 (stating that "in keeping with its consistent case law on indigenous matters, in which it has recognized that the relationship of the indigenous peoples with the land is essential for maintaining their cultural structures and for their ethnic and material survival…").
[21] Saramaka People, at para. 128 ("the State may restrict the Saramakas' right to use and enjoy their traditionally owned lands and natural resources only when such restriction complies with the aforementioned requirements and, additionally, when it does not deny their survival as a tribal people").
[22] Id. para. 134.
[23] Kaliña and Lokono Peoples, para. 192.
[24] Id. Footnote 230.
[25] Id.
[26] Garífuna Community of Punta Piedra v. Honduras, IACTHR, Ser. C, No. 304, 8 October 2015, paras. 168-73, 182.
[27] Id. para. 280.
[28] Id. para. 292.
[29] Endorois, para. 199 (explaining that "The African Commission is of the view that … the Endorois property rights have been encroached upon, in particular by the expropriation and the effective denial of ownership of their land"); and Recommendations 2(a) (recommending that Kenya "Recognise rights of ownership to the Endorois and Restitute Endorois ancestral land").
[30] AfCom v. Kenya, para. 219-20 (concerning restitution) and 223 (where "The Court decides that it shall rule on any other forms of reparations in a separate decision, taking into consideration the additional submissions from the Parties").
[31] The UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, for instance, has explicitly articulated the principles applicable to establishment of nature reserves in indigenous peoples' territories. Two main inter-related rules apply: first, in 2002, the Committee held that "no decisions directly relating to the rights and interests of members of indigenous peoples be taken without their informed consent" in connection with a nature reserve in Botswana. Botswana. 23/08/2002, A/57/18,paras.292-314, at 304. Second, in connection with a national park in Sri Lanka, the Committee called on the state to "recognize and protect the rights of indigenous peoples to own, develop, control and use their communal lands, territories and resources." Sri Lanka. 14/09/2001, A/56/18, paras. 321-342, at 335. See also Ethiopia, CERD/C/ETH/CO/15, para. 22; and Suriname, CERD/C/SUR/CO/13-15, para. 26. More generally, the Committee has recognized that indigenous peoples have a right to restitution of their traditional territories and resources that also applies to nature reserves previously established in their territories. See e.g., Concluding observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination: Guatemala, CERD/C/GTM/CO/11, 15 May 2006, at para. 17.
[32] Durban Accord: Action Plan, adopted at the Vth IUCN World Parks Congress, Durban South Africa (2003), at p. 248-9, calling for "participatory mechanisms for the restitution of indigenous peoples' traditional lands and territories that were incorporated in protected areas without their free and informed consent…;" and A strategy of innovative approaches and recommendations to enhance the diversity, quality and vitality of governance in the next decade, 2014 World Parks Congress, at p. 7, deciding that "Governments and UN human rights bodies … [should] establish effective monitoring, restitution and accountability mechanisms to ensure that rights-based approaches and international standards of justice are applied in all conservation programmes. This should redress past and ongoing injustices suffered by indigenous peoples … including restitution of lands expropriated without free, prior and informed consent…").
[33] Id. at para. 82.
[34] Id. at para. 116 (see also para. 311-13, 337(26)), and, at para. 313 (ordering that "the State must take the measures necessary to ensure that Decree No. 11,804 [concerning the protected area] is not an obstacle to returning the traditional land to the members of the Community")).
[35] Kaliña and Lokono Peoples, at para. 168.
[36] Id. para. 166 (explaining that that "the violations that have been verified owing to the failure to recognize the property of the Kaliña and Lokono, as well as the failure to delimit their territory, do not allow this Court to know the precise dimension of their traditional territory that is within these reserves, and which has already resulted in the violation of the right to collective property").
[37] Id. para. 278, 279(b) – 282 and 284 – 285.
[38] Id.
[39] Id. para. 168 (referencing paras. 155 and 165).
[40] Id. para. 173 (also explaining that "the Court finds that a protected area consists not only of its biological dimension, but also of its socio-cultural dimension and that, therefore, it requires an interdisciplinary, participatory approach"). See also para. 181 (stating that "…the protection of natural areas and the right of the indigenous and tribal peoples to the protection of the natural resources in their territories are compatible, and it emphasizes that, owing to their interrelationship with nature and their ways of life, the indigenous and tribal peoples can make an important contribution to such conservation").
[41] Id. at para. 166.
[42] Id. at para. 165 (stating that "in the case of the Xákmok Kásek, the Court established that: '[…] the State must adopt the necessary measures to ensure that [its domestic law concerning a protected area] does not represent an obstacle to the return of the traditional lands to the members of the Community.' It should be noted that, in that case, the protected area was established at a time when the Court had jurisdiction") (footnote omitted).
[43] Report of the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on the rights of indigenous peoples, A/71/229, 29 July 2016 (hereinafter "VTC 2016"); and Report of the Special Rapporteur on the issue of human rights obligations relating to the enjoyment of a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment, A/HRC/34/49, 19 January 2017 (hereinafter "JK 2017").
[44] JK 2017, para. 58 (citing African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, Endorois Welfare Council v. Kenya, No. 276/2003 (2010) (hereinafter "Endorois"); and Kaliña and Lokono Peoples v. Suriname, IACTHR, Ser. C No. 309, 25 November 2015 (hereinafter "Kaliña and Lokono Peoples").
[45] VTC 2016, para. 19 (further observing that "among the principal challenges that indigenous peoples continue to face globally are difficulties in gaining legal recognition of collective ownership over their ancestral lands, especially when these have already been declared protected territories. National legislation is often contradictory. Laws pertaining to conservation and forestry are commonly not harmonized with subsequent national legislation and international law asserting the rights of indigenous peoples and the authorities responsible for enforcement of the different laws frequently fail to coordinate").
[46] JK 2017, para. 63 and 73; and id., inter alia, paras. 11 and 49.
[47] VTC 2016, para. 9 (stating that "The three Special Rapporteurs on the rights of indigenous peoples have, since the creation of the mandate, paid particular attention to the human rights violations that conservation measures have caused indigenous peoples worldwide, notably by the expropriation of land, forced displacement, denial of self-governance, lack of access to livelihoods and loss of culture and spiritual sites, non-recognition of their own authorities and denial of access to justice and reparation, including restitution and compensation"); and para. 51 (stating that "The respective Special Rapporteurs on the rights of indigenous peoples have, since the establishment of the mandate in 2001, received numerous allegations of large-scale violations of the rights of indigenous peoples in the context of conservation measures").
[48] Id. para. 38 (further explaining that "conservation efforts in countries where indigenous peoples remain marginalized have had the least sustainable and successful outcomes, which has prompted scrutiny of international conservation policies"); and 52.
[49] Id. at para. 21.
[50] Id. at para. 11.
[51] JK 2017, para. 73.
[52] VTC 2016, at para. 32.


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What to expect in February 2015
U District Station construction activities are currently focused on excavation of the light rail station. Construction alerts will now be distributed quarterly or as construction activities change.
Truck Traffic: There is a lot of construction happening in the U District. For this project, you will notice an increase in truck traffic on Brooklyn Avenue Northeast between Campus Parkway and NE 50th Street. Please stay alert, use crosswalks, and obey traffic signals.
Crews re-opened Northeast 43rd Street between Brookly Avenue Northeast and the alley to one-way eastbound motorists in late January
1. Continue digging for the underground light rail station
Crews have excavated down to approximately 50 feet below ground on the northern end and 35 feet below ground on the southern end of the light rail station box.
Activities this month include:
- Removing dirt and materials using bulldozers
- Installing a conveyor system to move dirt from the excavation area to street level for loading into trucks
- Installing wood planks or "lagging" between the vertical metal piles
- Drilling cable tie-backs and installing soil nails to hold the walls during excavation activities
- Hauling dirt and materials offsite using Brooklyn Avenue Northeast
Crews will dig until they reach about 95 feet below ground. Excavation will be ongoing through summer 2015.
Other project-related activities include surveying and installing ground and building monitors above the future light rail tunnels.
Northgate Link Extension Tunneling
Two tunnel boring machines (Brenda and Pamela) are currently tunneling for the Northgate Link Extension. The two parallel tunnels are being bored from north to south (Maple Leaf portal to University of Washington Station). The tunnel boring machines are currently between Maple Leaf and Roosevelt Station. The first machine has bored over 6,500 feet and the second machine has bored over 1,200 feet. We anticipate the first tunnel boring machine to arrive in the U District in fall 2015.
Construction impacts:
- Frequent truck traffic on area roads and on the project site delivering materials and hauling materials offsite. Expect an average of four trucks per hour during excavation (daytime hours).
- Trucks delivering large loads during the early morning hours.
- Noise and low-level vibration during drilling of cable tie-backs and soil nails during excavation.
- Noise from equipment and heavy machinery
- Dust from soil removal and pouring of concrete.
- Wheel washing stations to minimize truck debris track-out onto city streets.
Crews will work to minimize impacts, such as noise, dust, debris, and access impacts during the work.
Equipment: bulldozers, dump trucks, concrete trucks, vacuum trucks, excavators, jackhammers, cranes, generators, water treatment systems, street sweepers
Schedule: Work hours are typically Monday through Friday from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. Intermittent weekend and evening work may be scheduled. Construction schedules are subject to change. Notifications will be distributed for significant changes.


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In 1999 Scotland got its own Parliament – and 20 years on we are at the heart of devolution.
To this day Local Government in Scotland still plays a key role in the delivery of services nurturing our communities, improving the economy and employment.
Join us at the Fairmont St Andrews for the keynote event in the Scottish Local Government calendar. Whether that is to listen, observe or play a part by contributing to the debate about the choices Local Government as a sector has in Scotland, in the UK and in Europe in these challenging and difficult times, and the vital and key role it plays in the public sector in Scotland.
Click here to view/download the finalised Agenda - October 2019
Click here to view/dowload the full Conference Details and Booking form


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A portfolio of headshots for the new author of the Young James Bond books.
Claire Hanson Makeup Portfolio Photography
Claire Hanson and her team represent the very best of the art (yes, it is truly an art!) of hair and makeup and it has been my absolute pleasure to work with them on numerous occasions
Emily and Javan's Wedding Album (And A Few Lovely Words!)
It's only once the images are designed into an album that they really tell the story of such an amazing day!
Melanie & Peter's Summer Outdoor Wedding At Le Manoir
A quick selection of images from a stunning outdoor, summer's wedding at Le Manoir aux Quat'Saisons.
Sam and Sam's Wedding at Le Manoir aux Quat'Saisons – The Finished Album
Read what one of our lovely wedding couples have to say about their gorgeous winter wedding at Le Manoir aux Quat'Saisons
Jim & Caroline's Wedding at the Crazy Bear – A Testimonial
A few words from a wonderful client about their wedding at the Crazy Bear


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Welcome to Silver Creek Fellowship
We are one family that is passionate about family, friendships, and finding God's dream for our lives. This is a family and a place to call home. It's a place to get help, healing, and hope. Whether you're in Silverton, Salem, an atheist, or lifetime follower of Christ, you are welcome here.
Together discovering God's dream for our lives by loving Jesus, being part of God's family, becoming more like Jesus, serving in the church and sharing the good news to the world.
Silver Creek Fellowship is a Purpose Driven Church. There are certain priorities and values that we hold as a church that determines our direction, or "where we're going".
WORSHIP – Love Jesus
FELLOWSHIP – Be part of God's family
DISCIPLESHIP – Become more like Jesus
MINISTRY – Serve in the church
MISSION – Share the good news to the world


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Looking for a school for at-risk boys in Garden Grove, California? Perhaps you will look at Master's Ranch – West, an affordable boarding school in Washington State known for its commitment to at-risk adolescent boys who have gotten off track academically, emotionally, legally or relationally.
Master's Ranch – West in Washington State is an evangelical non-denominational Christian boarding school and leadership academy. It is an early intervention school whose mission is to lead wayward boys to fulfill their specific purpose, or destiny, in Christ. Teens arrive at Master's Ranch – West from around the country, including from Garden Grove, California, and often find it valuable to experience a new environment separate from local peer groups.
Christian Discipleship for Boys from Garden Grove, California
Spiritual life is the cornerstone aspect of Master's Ranch – West. We are committed to introducing every teen to Jesus Christ to help them find their gifting and purpose in Christ. Many teens from Garden Grove, California who attend have dismissed their spiritual heritage or have never professed belief in Christ. Master's Ranch offers a safe place for them to take ownership of their faith, as they may have never done before.
Leadership Training
Master's Ranch – West exclusively works with troubled or at-risk boys. In addition to helping capable students get back on track academically, we provide specific leadership training to unlock the potential in each student. We teach teens to serve and love other people. Mission trips and community service opportunities give real life experience and application of the leadership principles demonstrated at Master's Ranch.
Academics that Transfer Back to Garden Grove, California
Master's Ranch – West is a fully accredited high school that operates under a model of independent study with personalized instruction. Students complete courses at their own speed, with weekly objectives established by teaching staff based on the student's program of study. Courses are available for all levels, up to Honors and AP classes. Master's Ranch also supports students to work toward post-secondary goals by offering assistance with SAT and ACT testing and college applications.
Positive Peer Culture
Master's Ranch knows that adolescents and their families today face huge challenges from the culture. Teens are surrounded by a barrage of negative peer pressure today. The Master's Ranch model for change is called Positive Peer Culture (PPC), which helps teens develop self-worth, significance, dignity, and responsibility as they devote themselves to the positive values of helping and caring for others.
Athletics at Master's Ranch play a role in leadership development and character growth as part of a holistic approach to development. Every teen is asked to try at least one sport because of the important values that can be gained. For boys inGarden Grove, California, Master's Ranch – West offers a number of sports programs.
Master's Ranch is a real answer for struggling youth. Please think about looking outside of Garden Grove, California to learn how our program for at-risk boys can move your child toward restoration. To find out more, please contact us today.
|More about programs for troubled boys in Garden Grove, California:
Garden Grove is a city located in northern Orange County, California. The population was 170,883 at the 2010 census. State Route 22, also known as the Garden Grove Freeway, passes through the city running east-west. The city is known outside the Southern California area for being the home of Robert H. Schuller's Crystal Cathedral, from which religious broadcasts are made.
Excerpt about programs for troubled boys in Garden Grove, California, used with permission from Wikipedia.


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Whiplash is the over-stretching or tearing of the muscles, ligaments, and/or tendons in the neck and
head. This is typically caused by a sudden collision or force pushing the body in one direction, while the head's tendency to remain in the same place causes the head to quickly rock in the opposite direction the body is going.
Soothing Blend, Lemongrass (ligaments), Marjoram (muscles)
Simple Solutions
Blend 3 drops lemongrass and 2 drops marjoram with 1Tbs. (15 ml) fractionated coconut oil. Gently massage a small amount into the neck and shoulders daily
The information on this page is from the book Modern Essentials: A
Contemporary Guide to the Therapeutic Use of Essential Oils, published
by AromaTools®. Please refer to Modern Essentials for additional
information, research, and usage suggestions.
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This option is currently sold out.
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Upper Valley Oral Surgery
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
West Lebanon & New London, New Hampshire
603-298-7557 and 603-526-4433
Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of tissue regeneration has lead to exciting new methods for promoting growth of bone and soft tissue in areas that are deficient. Proteins that act as signals for the body's own stem cells to become bone, fibrous tissue, nerve and skin have been identified. Some of these are now available to help generate bone growth with or without a bone graft.
One option is to utilize your own platelet rich plasma (PRP) which is exactly what its name suggests. PRP is a by-product of blood (plasma) that is rich in platelets. Until now, its use has been limited to the hospital setting due mainly to the cost of separating thousands of platelets from the blood and the large amount of blood needed (one unit) to produce a suitable quantity of platelets. New technology now permits the doctor to harvest and produce a sufficient quantity of platelets from only 20 cc of blood drawn from the patient during outpatient surgery.
PRP permits the body to take advantage of the normal healing processes at a greatly accelerated rate. During the healing process, the body rushes many cells and cell-types to the wound to initiate the healing process. One of those cell types is platelets. Platelets perform many functions including the formation of a blood clot and the release of growth factors (GF) into the wound. These growth factors (GF) include platelet derived growth factors (PDGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF), and insulin-like growth factor (ILGF). They function to assist the body in repairing itself by stimulating stem cells to regenerate new tissue. The more growth factors released and retained in the wound, the more stem cells are stimulated to produce new host tissue. In this process, PRP permits the body to heal faster and more efficiently.
A subfamily of TGF, is bone morphogenic protein (BMP). BMP has been shown to cause the formation of new bone in research studies involving both animals and humans. This is of great significance to the surgeon who places dental implants. By adding PRP which, in turn, stimulates BMP at the implant site with bone substitute particles, bone can now be grown more predictably and faster than ever before.
Is PRP safe? Yes. During the outpatient surgical procedure a small amount of your own blood is drawn out via the IV. This blood is then placed in the PRP centrifuge machine and spun down. In less than fifteen minutes, the PRP is formed and ready to use.
Should PRP be used in all bone-grafting cases? Not always. In some cases, there is no need for PRP. However, in the majority of cases, application of PRP to the graft will increase the final amount of bone present in addition to making the wound heal faster and more efficiently.
Will my insurance cover the costs? Unfortunately not. The cost of the PRP application is paid by the patient.
Can PRP be used alone to stimulate bone formation? No. PRP must be mixed with either the patient's own bone, a bone substitute material such as demineralized freeze-dried bone, or a synthetic bone product, such as Bio-Os®.
Are there any contraindications to PRP? Very few. Patients with bleeding disorders or hematologic diseases do not qualify for this in-office procedure. Check with your surgeon and/or primary care physician to determine if PRP is right for you.
While PRP has many of the growth factors involved in healing of bone and soft tissue, it is now possible to obtain highly concentrated specific growth factors to target various regenerative processes. These factors are produced in the lab by genetically engineering bacteria to produce the proteins. This eliminates the concern about disease transmission from donors. Two of these proteins that we can utilize are Platelet Derived Growth Factor in the product, Gem 21S®; and Bone Morphogenic Protein in the product, Infuse®.
PDGF is one of the main growth factors found in the body and has a well established safety and effectiveness record in medicine as a wound healing agent. It exerts its effect primarily through the recruitment of cells within the surrounding matrix. Extensive in vitro and animal studies have demonstrated PDGF's potent chemotactic (directed cell migration) and mitogenic (proliferative) effects on cells derived from bone and periodontal ligament.
Following release at the wound site, PDGF stimulates:
It has also been shown to promote regeneration of periodontal tissues including bone, cementum and periodontal ligament in human clinical and histological studies.
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are members of the family of transforming growth factors. At present, some 15 different BMPs have been identified, all with varying degrees of cartilage and/or bone inductive properties. Two recombinant proteins are now commercially available, rh-BMP-2 and rh-BMP-7. These products have been investigated as an alternative to bone autografting in a variety of clinical situations, including spinal fusions, internal fixation of fractures, treatment of bone defects, and reconstruction of maxillofacial conditions. Rh-BMPs are delivered to the bone grafting site as part of a surgical procedure; carrier systems, which are absorbed over time, function to maintain the concentration of the rh-BMP at the treatment site, provide temporary scaffolding for bone growth, and prevent extraneous bone formation.
A commercially available Rh-BMP2 known as INFUSE® Bone Graft has been used since 2004 in the US by spine and orthopedic surgeons and was released for use in oral and maxillofacial surgery early in 2007. It's primary indication in oral surgery is for sinus lift augmentation for implants. One of the primary advantages of INFUSE® Bone Graft is that it eliminates the need to perform a second surgery to harvest bone from another location in your body. By eliminating this second site, the patient is exposed to less anesthesia, and will not have the potential complications such as pain, numbness and swelling from the area of the second surgery.
Upper Valley Oral Surgery in West Lebanon and New London, New Hampshire
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Dr.Sum EA is a database engine designed to optimize integration and aggregation of data. Numbers create value, but only when they are analyzed in a way that people wish to view. Speed of data processing is also critical from the standpoint to prevent operations from slowing down. Dr.Sum helps managers, field staffs and data analysts utilize data they have in the organization, and change those numbers into action.
Main features
High Speed Aggregation
Dr.Sum EA database engine has proprietary technology that enables high speed analysis. Users can dynamically execute multidimensional aggregation without the need to create cubes. Because difficult tasks requiring technical expertise such as predefining cubes and indices are not necessary, time needed to create new analysis is reduced dramatically, contributing to a shortening of PDCA cycles.
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Dr.Sum EA connects and integrates data from various data sources, ERPs and information systems, making it an information platform.
Excel Interface
Excel is a familiar application that every white-collar business person uses. Dr.Sum EA not only can import data from Excel, but also use Excel as an interface to aggregate and analyze data. Users experience little disruption between every day analytics which is done by Excel and large data volume analytics which is done by Dr.Sum.
Users can intuitively operate Dr.Sum EA without having to learn technical knowledge thanks to GUI. Everyone in the organization can take full advantage of Dr.Sum to analyze data and discover findings.
Affordable Licensing
Dr.Sum is provided as server license. That means the organization can scale up the platform without adding license cost even when number of user increase. In addition, no programming is required to develop new analyses. That would help bring down the cost of the system, not only initial cost but also a running cost. Because users can continue to use familiar Excel interface, time needed to train the system is short and increase adoption rate.


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Double B Baits is the result of the dreams of 16 year old Gabe Backhus in Herington, Ks. Gabe has had a passion for fishing since an early age when he started fishing his family farm pond at age 2. From the age of 10, Gabe has fished competitively in the youth divisions of B.A.S.S. and TBF across the state of Kansas. He represented his home state in 2015 at the Youth TBF World Cup. His desire to compete and win tournaments with lures that he made himself is what sparked the beginning of Double B Baits. In 2014 he started making soft plastics, jigs and several other types of lures that he was having great personal success with on the water and so started selling them to friends, fellow anglers and a few small shops in his home town.
Now Gabe and two of his classmates, who help him with marketing and financial management, have moved Double B Baits into a well known name for quality hand made baits that are sold in multiple locations in North Central Kansas. They are excited to offer his products online and want their customers to know that their satisfaction is their top priority. Gabe can make custom colors as well so just shoot him an email with your request and he will have you catching the big ones before you know it!


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Great duplex for investment or living! Live in one unit and rent other. Each unit features 2 bedrooms & 1 bath. Each unit has 1 garage stall. Close to town! Well kept property, Call today for your personal showing!
IDX provided courtesy of Realcomp II Ltd., via Jim Saros Agency, Inc. and SAGINAW, ©2020 Realcomp II Ltd. Shareholders. IDX information is provided exclusively for consumers' personal, noncommercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing. The accuracy of all information, regardless of source, is not guaranteed or warranted. All information should be independently verified.


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- Home /
- Lavera Basis Sensitive Organic Protection Intensive Face Cream
Basis Sensitive Organic Protection Intensive Face Cream: Enjoy the peace of mind that comes with perfectly protected skin.
Features & Benefits: This rich formula of organic jojoba and organic shea butter gives intense nourishment and protection, particularly for dry skin and during cold weather.
Size: 50ml
Ingredients: Water (Aqua), Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil*, Polyglyceryl-3 Polyricinoleate, Lanolin, Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil*, Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea Butter)*, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Glycerin, Lanolin Alcohol, Glyceryl Oleate, Triticum Vulgare (Wheat Germ) Oil*, Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Oil*, Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Alcohol*, Tocopherol, Echinacea Purpurea Extract, Tilia Cordata Flower Extract*, Calendula Officinalis Flower Extract*, Beta-Carotene, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Fragrance (Parfum)**, Limonene**, Linalool**, Geraniol**, Citral**, Citronellol**, Benzyl Benzoate**
* Ingredients from certified organic agriculture ** natural essential oils.
Although our ingredients are checked on a regular audit basis, some may change unexpectedly. Please check the label before use.
Check items to add to the cart or select all


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National Book Awards Finalist
Farrar, Straus and Giroux (BYR)
FSG Books for Young Readers
On Sale: 07/30/2013
ISBN: 978146683315932 Pages, Ages 4-8
This ebook includes audio narration.
When Caleb finds himself transformed into a dog and is unable to tell his wife his true identity, he decides to become her companion.
Caleb and Kate is a 1977 New York Times Book Review Notable Children's Book of the Year and Outstanding Book of the Year and a 1978 National Book Award Finalist for Children's Literature.
NARRATED by STANLEY TUCCI.
Horn Book Magazine Fanfare List, NYT Outstanding Books of the Year, ALA Notable Children's Books, NYTBR Notable Children's BOTY, National Book Awards Finalist


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The most stringent quality assurance system
Our quality assurance system consists of three parts: raw material, manufacturing process and product inspection.
Raw material:
TTT has integrated 16 the top manufacturers of handmade jewelry raw material to ensure that each metal, crystal, stone bead, seed bead is the top quality of the industry when purchasing raw materials in bulk.
Manufacturing process:
TTT focuses on handmade jewelry since 2010. Generally speaking, hand-made products are hard to ensure that every product can achieve the highest quality, but TTT achieved this seemingly impossible goal by the eight years of experience focusing on handmade jewelry and a professional handicraft team.
Product inspection:
Like any other manufacturer, after the product is finished, the quality inspector will compare the details of the product with the customized requirements, such as color, material, specifications, etc. Uniquely, our quality inspectors will personally wear the product samples no matter what the weather is to confirm whether the product is discolored, deformed or damaged before the delivery date arrives. Only when the above problems are not identified will the product be completed and shipped out.
Copyright © 2018 Guangzhou Jewelry Swordsman Import & Export Co.,Ltd. | All Rights Reserved Design by www.tttjewelry.com
Hello, please leave your name and email here before chat online so that we won't miss your message and contact you smoothly.


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NGO D.A.V Educational and Welfare Society is involved in various youth women and community Welfare activities like vocational, educational and awareness programmes funded by various departments for the welfare and upliftment of the public in the poor locality of North West Delhi particularly in Mangolpuri, Sultan Puri and adjoining areas.
At present the following Training and Vocational Training Programmes are being run by the Society:
Computer Training, Cutting Tailoring and Embroidery, Beauty Culture and Mehandi, Jewellery Making, Screen Printing & Book Binding, Recreation Centre for Senior Citizens, Night Shelters, Tuition for 6th to 9th Class, Vocational training for Electrician, Mobile Repairing, Plumber & more...
The Society has taken up Health Programs also. Dots Centre and immunization Program for Children, HIV/AIDS, LEPROSY. OPD for Senior Citizens at Sultanpuri & General OPD in Kirari have been started.
The Society is also taking up Awareness Programmes with the help of various Department of Govt. like Self Defence, Consumer Awareness, Road Safety and Crime against Women. The main objective of the society is to improve the economic status of the people of the resettlement colony. After taking Training from the Institute, the Women start working at home or they get in some jobs and provide better education to their wards for their better career and also change their standard of living.
The society wish to empower women in Education, Social Welfare, Self Employment and other development at their doorstep. The Society also wish to provide better facility to all the population of the slum / resettlement colonies especially to the women and girls and also to provide Medicines, Surgery, Orthopaedics, Gynaecology, ENT and Eye specialists supported with Pathological Tests and Radiological diagnostic facilities. We requested the worthy people, public departments and all government agencies to help us in our mission.


text: "S" is for Storytime! for Ages 3 to 5 Yrs. — We're excited to announce the addition of a new storytime to our calendar. This will be a 26-week program (with breaks for vacations) that will celebrate picture books, reading and the letters of the alphabet — with a final graduation ceremony for all who attend regularly! A one-time registration is required to ensure materials are prepared and available for each participant.


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$ 9,699.00
Destination Fee: $450
KTM's 250cc engine is known to be the most powerful and most competitive 2-stroke engine in the world. TPI (transfer port injection) fuel injection system - a truly unique feature when it comes to 2-stroke race bikes. The patented EFI system with two injectors into the transfer ports of the cylinder makes the engine much smoother to ride and reduces the fuel consumption drastically, A state-of-the-art 2-stroke engine featuring the revolutionary TPI fuel injection combined with a lightweight and agile chassis make the 250 XC-W TPI the prime choice for extreme offroad use. No pre-mix thanks to an electronic oil pump, no jetting, but also low purchase and ownership costs make this bike the absolute top of its segment
Come to Central Florida PowerSports, your favorite New and Used KTM Motorcycle Dealer in the Orlando and Kissimmee, Florida area.
Prices exclude dealer setup, taxes, title, freight and licensing and are subject to change.


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Tech Specifications
Display categories and sub-categories on the category, home and any other pages of your site to improve site navigation and help visitors and customers quickly find the products they are looking.
Other Extensions by Ulmod
OverviewBack to top
With the Subcategories Grid List Slide for Magento 2, you will be able to display categories and sub-categories on the category page, home page and any other pages of your site allowing customers and visitors to find the products they are looking easily.
The extension allows configuring the categories and subcategories to appear in the form of grid, list or slide at the category, home, and any other pages and position. You can sort subcategories by page title, name, created date or position and excludes by ids. The Subcategories Grid List Slide for Magento 2 is a must-have tool which simplifies the navigation on complex product catalogs.
Category & Home Pages
The extension enhances your online store, allowing shoppers to find the categories, subcategories, and products they need with simplified navigation. You can:
- display categories and subcategories in the form of grid, list or side on home and category page, on the bottom or top of the main content;
- sort by name, page title, position or creation date, order by ascending or descending, set the order of category data (image, name, and description) to show in the grid, list or slider;
Also, the extension is responsive to mobile devices, adapts to any screen size, and provides a better experience on the mobile device.
Additional Pages (Widget)
The extension support widget, allowing to display categories and sub-categories on any other page and position. You can:
- display categories and sub-categories on any additional pages, in any container and position (header top, main content bottom, footer top, etc.);
- sort order of widget instances in the same container, sort categories and sub-categories by name, page title, position or creation date;
- order by ascending or descending and set the order of category data to show in the grid, list or slider.
Flexible Placement (Code Insert)
For more flexibility, you can use a CMS template tag, template code or Layout XML code to add subcategories block to any page or static block.
The extension comes with predefined CMS template tag, template code to insert the sub-categories block at any page and position of your site.
Flexible Configuration
The settings of the extension can all configured in the admin panel. You can:
- configure the extension separately on the home, category and any other page via the widget. Enable or disable the per page;
- set the template type to display categories or subcategories. "Grid", "List" or "Slide";
- specify the number of slides to display per breakpoints;
- define the block title and choose the position (main content top or bottom) on the page;
- show category URL in the entire item or separately in the category name and image;
- sort by name, page title, position or creation date. Order by ascending or descending. Set the order to display category data, exclude some data if needed;
- display categories and subcategories name and description based on the attribute;
- choose to display categories and subcategories image or thumbnail. Ability to upload a custom thumbnail category to display;
- create a widget and place it at any page and position.
Frontend (Configure the extension from admin panel first as per your needs to see it in action)
Backend (Username: UMCatviewmode / Password: UMCatviewmode_2)
Comes With
- Free lifetime updates
- One year free support
- 25-day Marketplace refund policy
Contact Info
For any questions, concerns or issues, please email us at email@example.com or email@example.com, we'll reply as soon as possible.
Release NotesBack to top
- Compatible with Open Source (CE) : 2.1 2.2 2.3
- Stability: Stable Build
+ Improvements
+ Magento 2.3 compatibility
- Compatible with Open Source (CE) : 2.0 2.1 2.2
- Stability: Stable Build

2.0.11 (Aug 10, 2018)

Minor improvements

2.0.9 (July 07, 2018)

New JS lib

Minor changes on system config for widget

2.0.8 (July 05, 2018)

Image not resized on slider

2.0.7 (April 26, 2018)

Minor bugs


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Apache Jasper
Apache Jasper is also known as Mimbres Valley Desert Picture Jasper. Mimbres Valley is in New Mexico.
Meaning and Properties:
Apache Jasper, carved in a shield shape, and highly polished. The pendant is 2-1/8" long by 1-3/4" wide. Apache Jasper often depicts an image that looks like the area it was mined from: desert with brush. The bush looking images are dendrite growths. A Native American tribe, the Mimbres, lived in the area where this jasper is mined. The tribe disappeared about a thousand years ago. It is presumed they merged with the Apaches.
Great crystal to wear for a natural evolution into greater strength, fertility, ambition, resiliance, originality, and courage.
Sort by:


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Today I'm going to share a technique with you that seems almost magical to me every time I use it. It's the perfect tool for creating either innovative ideas for your (new) business, for gaining new perspectives or for creating interesting art. Let me show you!
You've probably heard of association, right? Association basically just means two things are connected – and when you think about one thing, such as a bottle, the thought might lead you over to another thing, such as wine, poison or pirates. Your associations are naturally your very own, as nobody has had the same experiences as you did and therefore will (most of the time) not come to the same idea in their association chain.
Bisociation is a bit similar but more structured. 'Bi' meaning 'two' specifically regards two words. Let's take an example: Imagine you get an article you need to create an illustration for and the article is about a complex topic such as 'love' or 'freedom'. For 'love' you could just go with the obvious and paint some hearts, but what if you wanted to go further, create something new and exciting?
Now, you take a different word – any word, a random one works best. You could use a random word generator or just take out a dictionary (in case you still have one). Your word could be any noun, like carpet, strength, or frog. The technique works best, I think, when the word is not too close to the one you are planning on illustrating.
Then you write down 10 things about this word. Let's use the word "frog".
Here we go:
Don't think too much about them at this point, just jot them down! It might be difficult at first but try to have an open mind and let the associations flow. 🙂
Here's the magic!
Go down your list and connect each word with the one you want to illustrate. For example, what do you think of, when you think of both "love" (or "freedom") and "green"?
Maybe that green reminds you of flowers – what about a couple, both surprising the other with flowers as a symbol of their love? Or "freedom" and "green" – maybe this reminds you of how free you once felt standing on top of the cliffs in Ireland, the green country?
You already have two great ideas to illustrate "love" or "freedom"!
Write them down and go on to the next phrase of your list – I guarantee you, by the end you will have some fantastic ideas, much more than just from brainstorming as you are giving your brain something to work with in the first place. Here are some more ideas I got from that liste for love:
love & "tells you the weather" – happy raincloud and happy sun in love with each other
freedom & "jumps" – someone jumps over hurdles (maybe written words) that symbolize the thing they have to free themselves from
love & "lays eggs" – what about a mother hen with her chicks? Or a fish, caring for her babies? Sure, this is a different type of love, but would you have thought of it before?
Overall, this technique feels very refreshing to me. It frees me of my already-thought paths and opens up so many new possibilities. The only thing you need to keep in mind is to give yourself the space to think without restrictions, to let your brain do the work. And secondly to really take the time to come up with 10 words/phrases for your random work. It may seem like hard work in the beginning, but I assure you – it is absolutely worth it!
The results can be used both for business purposes by combining your startup idea with a random word or for illustrative purposes as shown in the example above.
This is my technique for (almost) instant creativity – what's yours? I'd love to hear about how you come up with ideas 🙂


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Nowadays more and more people are requesting a private credit in order to finance their various projects. So why not you? With this financing solution you will be able to acquire quickly an amount of money that you can afterwards reimburse at your own pace. Are you interested in requesting a loan? Our specialist will be glad to make you a free non-binding offer.
You wish to get a new car, fund a project or even renovate your house? Everything is possible. Indeed, our professional staff will aid you and will take in charge all the administrative task. We will be happy to help you and make you an advantageous private credit proposition:
Are you interested in getting a private credit? If you have a project in mind we will be glad to finance it. If you are a Swiss citizen or have a permit, we can make you a free offer. Here are some criteria that you must fulfill to apply for a loan in our agency:
You have a project in mind and in order to reach your goal you need some financing? Multicredit would be able to lend you the money quickly and inform you regarding a private credit that would be appropriate to you. So if you have some questions, our team would be at your disposal to aid you and guide you throughout your loan application. So don't hesitate to fill in our form.Ask for a loan
For more information, feel free to contact our specialist or ask for an offer!
Lending a private loan is forbidden if it leads to over-indebtedness of the consumer (Art, 3 of Swiss LCD)
Calculation example: a 10,000 Chf loan with an interest rate of 5.90% to 9.90% gives a total cost for 12 months of 313 to 520 Chf.
The final interest rate varies according to each client's situation, from 4.8% to 9.9%. There are no administrative or additional costs: you only pay the interest on the loan.
© Cashflex Multicrédit 1999 - 2020


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Curriculum Materials
Learning Worksheets about the Food we Eat
$ 0.00
$ 2.00
Worksheets that will help teach kids more about the food they eat.
Included are:
Is it a fruit or vegetable?
Where does the food we eat come from?
Where do fruit and vegetables grow?
5 pages
"Really like the different methods of categorizing food presented!"


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Attorney General Spitzer today announced an agreement with a financial services company that will protect consumers who seek to cash in their settlement awards.
"The sale of structured settlements is becoming a popular mechanism for consumers to get immediate access to cash without taking out a loan," Spitzer said. "As with borrowing, however, it is imperative that limits be placed on the rates charged and that certain important information be provided to consumers in order that they make informed choices."
After an investigation by Spitzer's office, concerns were raised about certain aspects of the purchase of structured settlements provided by the Singer Asset Finance Company, LLC, of Boca Raton, Florida.
Singer purchases structured settlements by paying an up-front lump sum payment to a consumer in exchange for the consumer's fixed compensation payments from a personal injury judgment or settlement. It is estimated that Singer has entered into contracts with approximately 300 consumers throughout New York State for the rights to their settlement monies.
In recent months, Spitzer's office has become increasingly concerned about the growing number of companies that target consumers with limited legal and financial knowledge with offers of quick cash in return for rights to their injury-related award.
If you or one of your loved one's
has been injured as the result of a car accident, please call
212-233-5433 or fill out our free case evaluation form now to ensure you take the right
measures. The initial consultation is FREE, "If
we don't win you don't pay", so
call immediately.
This web site contains Attorney Advertising.
Prior results do not guarantee a similar outcome.
Site Map | Links
Practicing throughout New York City (NYC) and the 5 boroughs: Brooklyn,
Bronx, Manhattan, Staten Island and Queens.
Copyright ©
2009 - All rights reserved.
Web Design and Development by Orion Foundry (US), Inc.


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the spider in the bathhas trekked its length
a slow one, my cats got so use to spiders in the house I lived in before they didn't even look at them in the bath tub or anywhere else lol
I love this, brings back good memories
Thanks for dropping by Lorraine...
I love watching a spider build her web... nature's program so well followed, and so well accomplished.
__Good one Frank. _m
Thanks for dropping by Magyar...
Spiders are always active when you're not watching. Good one.
Thank you for your kind comment, Dave...


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Firefighters used an inflatable boat and ropes to rescue a man stranded in the middle of the Los Angeles River in Atwater Village after a storm on Sunday afternoon.
The 40-year-old man was spotted standing on a small island amid the briskly-flowing 2-foot-deep waters of the river, Los Angeles Fire Department officials said. He was about 25 feet away from shore.
Rescuers elected to use an inflatable raft, tethered with ropes, to reach and retrieve the man.
"LAFD Swift Water Rescue personnel skillfully used a tethered LAFD rescue boat to safely extricate the (man) to shore," according to L.A. Fire Department spokesman Brian Humphrey.
The man appeared unhurt and declined to be taken to a hospital, he said.
It was not clear why the man was in the river to begin with.


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The tAble is a pre-event to the Gathering that blesses and empowers young people who live with a wide range of physical, cognitive and emotional disabilities so that they might grow as faithful, wise and courageous witnesses.
The tAble is open to youth ages 14-18 or engaged in a high school youth group or enrolled in high school or the vocational education equivalent. Youth who attend the tAble must be accompanied by an adult companion. The adult companion will not have to pay to attend the 2021 ELCA Youth Gathering with their child; however, they will need to pay to attend the tAble.
The tAble will be held June 26-29, 2021 at the Marriott Minneapolis Airport Hotel in Bloomington, MN. The cost for the tAble is $190 per person and includes all housing and program expenses, as well as some food expenses during the tAble. Theme and additional information for the tAble will be available in Spring 2020.
Check out photos from past events by following us on Facebook.
Registration for the tAble is part of Gathering registration, which opens Sept. 21, 2020. The cost for the tAble will be added to your congregational balance, due in full by April 21, 2021.
Congregations sending participants to the tAble may opt to stay at the tAble's host hotel, as opposed to their synod's hotel(s), if moving to another property mid-week will cause undue stress for the tAble participant and ability to fully participate in the Gathering. Congregations will be able to communicate this desire in Winter 2020.
More information coming in Spring 2020!
Make an online gift to support the ministries of the tAble, the Multicultural Youth Leadership Event and the ELCA Youth Gathering.More
The Gathering produces a number of free, downloadable resources to help you and your congregation prepare for and plan your time at the Gathering.More
Sign up for the gNews for updates on the Gathering! The gNews is a monthly e-Newsletter designed to inform attendees of the Gathering.More
Sign up to receive the Gathering blog to your inbox! The Gathering Blog features a variety of voices and shares their Gathering experiences.More


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Ipsos Affluent Intelligence: New Dimensions of Luxury
For marketers, defining the affluent understanding of and expectations around the dimensions of luxury is key to effectively and relevantly targeting key consumer demographics.
Ipsos Affluent Intelligence research reveals that affluent consumers say they are buying luxury more frequently. Nearly three-quarters of Affluents report they have bought luxury goods or services in the past year (a nine-percentage point increase from two years ago).
In addition, they also appear to have no plans to stop purchashing in this category.
As a result, understanding how they define luxury, how it makes them feel, their purchase habits and how they're changing become key dimensions in
crafting relevant and effective communications strategies.
Download our latest white paper for more:


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Ruins of the Belfort Castle
The first document about Belfort Castle is dated 1311, when Henry earl of Tyrol gave to Tirsone of Altenspaur the permission of building a tower to protect and control the Via Nuova, which linked Andalo to Sporeggio, and so the Sarca valley to Trent.
All around the old Tirsoni tower, on the "Malgalo" hill, the castle of Belfort was built. This castle had been ruled by ten different families, among which the most important were the Reifers di Campill. Their last descendant was Cristoforo and was well known for his marriage and his frequent madness attacks.
In 1700 Belfort passed under the Saracens, who built it again according to what remained of its imposing ruins.
More information
Belfort Castle
Strada Statale, 421 | 38010 Spormaggiore
+39 0461 585836


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3 Ways to Ensure Your Child's School is Hygienic
Kids can transfer germs very quickly. School classrooms and play areas can house lots of germs that your kids can bring home and catch illnesses from. Ensuring your child's environment is clean and hygienic can be a tricky task when you have no direct control over one of the places they spend a huge amount of time at: their school. That isn't to say you can't do anything though! Here are some tips for ensuring your child's school is hygienic.
1. Teach Your Child
Instilling proper habits in your children will ensure that they are healthy and clean at school. Not being able to hold their hand throughout the day anymore, you can't be sure that they'll always do the right thing. However, you can be proactive in your approach by teaching them while they are at home. Ask your children the important questions and give them the answers they need to understand the significance of hygiene. How do germs spread? Why is it important to be clean? What is proper practice? Why should I wash my hands after using the restroom? Why should I wash my hands before I eat? Why shouldn't I share drinks or other things with other children? This transfer of knowledge at a young age will help your children to grow with good hygiene and to be safe while you are not around.
2. Speak to the Teachers
Ask the faculty and staff about their procedures on hygiene. Do they teach proper procedures in the classroom? Do they monitor the children to ensure they are following instructions? Are there tissues, hand-sanitiser, disinfecting wipes, or power towels that are easily accessible for children to reach? How often are the supplies used and cleaned? Do the teachers practise what they teach to the kids and lead by example? Ask the teachers, but then also ask your children when they get home. You are trying to keep your children safe, so you want to make every effort to ensure the school you send them to is reinforcing this good behaviour.
3. Research the School's Hygiene/Safety Policies
Schools should have in place a health and safety policy that outlines the proper steps and procedures for emergencies and day-to-day activities. Obtain a copy and familiarise yourself with what the guidelines say. Is the policy adequate and have you seen evidence of it being implemented in the school? Challenging a policy can be difficult, especially as a parent, but don't be afraid to speak up if you feel an insufficient policy is putting your child and others at risk. The school's hygiene policy should also mention what procedures they follow in terms of keeping the school clean. You can feel confident that your child's school values hygiene as much as you do if they use a professional cleaning company that specialises in school cleaning, such as AMC Cleaning.
School is where your child will spend the majority of their day during the week, so it makes sense to want to make sure the environment is as safe as can be. Do you have any extra tips you could share with other parents who want to do so? Comment below.