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Appleton Fraud Lawyer
The Appleton fraud criminal defense lawyers of Hart Powell, S.C. are dedicated to aggressively defending clients who face fraud-related criminal charges. Fraud is defined as the act of knowingly concealing or falsifying the truth in order to receive personal or financial gain. Fraud crimes are considered "white collar crimes" and are typically not violent in nature. Although the crimes do not involve violence, the consequences of a conviction are still very serious. We understand the devastating affect that a conviction will have on your reputation, family, and future career opportunities. Even the intent to commit a fraudulent act is punishable in court and puts you at risk for harsh legal consequences. Fraud-related crimes may result in either a misdemeanor or felony charge, both of which will have a serious impact on your life and result in jail sentences and hefty fines.
The Appleton fraud defense attorneys of Hart Powell, S.C. represent clients who face a wide variety of fraud charges, including, but not limited to:
- Internet fraud
- Accounting fraud
- Embezzlement
- Mortgage fraud
- Elder fraud
The Appleton fraud defense lawyers of Hart Powell, S.C. have a thorough understanding of the legal issues involved in your case and will critically analyze all of the evidence presented against you to uncover any weaknesses in the prosecution's arguments. Our skilled attorneys will organize a powerful strategic defense on your behalf, protecting your rights throughout the legal process. When it comes to the defending your rights, you deserve the best legal representation available. The Appleton fraud defense lawyers will provide you with the exceptional legal services you need as you face fraud-related charges. For more information, contact the lawyers of Hart Powell, S.C. today by calling (414) 271-9595.


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Together with the previous Songs The Jukebox Taught Me album, this collection of classic country songs from Dallas Wayne on Heart Of Texas Records is a tribute to the songwriters who crafted them, and the artists who sang them — our heroes and teachers.
- Gwen (Congratulations)
- Tips of My Fingers
- See the Big Man Cry
- Is It Raining at Your House
- I Can Almost See Houston from Here
- Blame It on the Times
- This Cold War with You
- This Must Be the Bottom
- High on a Hilltop
- What a Way to Go
- he Way I Am (Live)
Songs The Jukebox Taught Me Volume II - Dallas Wayne
- Artist: Wayne, Dallas
- Product Code: 687748142546
- Availability: Stock Available
Tags: Songs The Jukebox Taught Me Volume II Dallas Wayne
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subset: commoncrawl


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It's possible that The Zero Theorem is little more than a dream of long ago…
Tag: terry gilliam
Oeuvre: Gilliam: The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus
The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus represents a blessed reprieve in Terry Gilliam's descent into moribund…
Oeuvre: Gilliam: Tideland
Tideland is an offensive mess whose only saving grace is that its incoherence renders it…
Oeuvre: Gilliam: The Brothers Grimm
For a compromised vision that is neither the film that Gilliam nor his executive producers…
Oeuvre: Gilliam: Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas
Gilliam wanted to capture a moment in time, but for much of the cult film's…
Oeuvre: Gilliam: 12 Monkeys
Burdened by the ingeniousness of its predecessors, 12 Monkeys is simply a good movie.
Oeuvre: Gilliam: The Fisher King
The Fisher King captures Gilliam's spirit more than his craft, his heart more than his…
Oeuvre: Gilliam: The Adventures of Baron Munchausen
Gilliam is a demanding storyteller and Munchausen is his greatest act of defiance.
Oeuvre: Gilliam: Brazil
Brazil represents the apex of the first wave of Terry Gilliam's filmmaking career.
Oeuvre: Gilliam: Time Bandits
Time Bandits marked the real start of one of film's most imaginative careers.


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The UKS best kept secret Loyle Carner drops an epic Fire In The Booth for Charlie Sloth.
Loyle Carner has been firmly on my radar for the past 18 months. His free EP 'A Little Late' is the perfect introduction to Loyle Carner and his smooth, jazzy take on HipHop. With his debut album 'Yesterdays Gone' out now, its time to see how he survives in the booth with Charlie Sloth.
To start with as a huge fan of Loyle Carner i was surprised to see him dropping a Fire In The Booth. I was curious at how his soulful, jazzy styles were going to work in the 'Fire In The Booth' format. Most sessions come from Grime artists, or more road rap MC's but he makes this work, with ease. As always props to Charlie Sloth for forward thinking and getting Mr Carner down.
The session sees a hard selection of beats all layered with Loyle Carner's smooth, soulful vocals. The content is different to what i was expecting, as we see a slightly more street/hood side to Loyle Carner. That said though he drops knowledge and elements of positivity which makes this an epic 'Fire In The Booth'.
Watch it here:


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Here you can listen to some works I did as a sound engineer on one side, while on the other some productions that I followed as a producer, sound engineer and musician…Listen
Here you can listen to some works I did as a sound engineer on one side, while on the other some productions that I followed as a producer, sound engineer and musician…Listen
Walter Babbini is a Record Producer, Multi-Platinum Sound Engineer, Composer, Musician and Bloom Studios owner, based near Rome. In the eighties he starts very young studying guitar and music theory…Read More
Bloom Studios with custom modular Noah Hybrid System, massive analog outboard gear, 10M & Trinity Rubidium Atomic clock, two ProTools HDX rigs, ATC speakers, hundreds of vintage and obscure rarities…Discover More
Walter Babbini is a Producer, Sound Engineer, Composer, Musician and Bloom Studios owner. His sound is sophisticated and powerful, built with several work experience, the producers and engineers that he assisted and collaborated, over the years, are multi-Grammy winners including Michael Brauer, Alan Parsons, David Bianco, Jack Endino and Fabio Venturi. Now, he works with many major artists and, in his projects, he uses his impressive collection of vintage instruments, outboard, pedals and amps that have made the music's history. Every element and detail of his own Studio has been carefully selected on his needs and his working technique. Thanks to the collaboration with M. Brauer he improves his mixing method with complex application of parallel compressions, developing these techniques to define his own style.
The best technology, experience and knowledge for recording, mixing and mastering. Thanks to excellent acoustics in any room and a large selection of gear.
The artistic production for the complete realization of a recording project.
Fix your tracks for the better final result. Using modern and vintage amps or rare effects through the Reamping.
The best solution for your needs and your budget. Your stay can be organized in structures and restaurants that are affiliated with the Studio in order to optimize cost and quality. Finally, there is the possibility of having a quality catering to eat comfortably in the Studio.
Roma, Tivoli, Villa Adriana, Villa D'Este, Villa Gregoriana, Borgo Medievale Montecelio, Sabina Romana. All places can be reached by car in 20 minutes max.


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How The Royal Opera has kept opera looking forward for more than three hundred years
25 May 2017
The ROH has been home to major opera premieres dating all the way back to our first resident composer Handel – as material from ROH Collections shows.
Girls being boys being girls: a short history of opera's trouser roles
11 January 2017
Lovesick teens, feisty young heroes, or supernatural beings – there's an important place for women playing men (then dressing up as women again?) in opera.
Operatic magic: Fairytales and magical stories in opera
17 February 2015
Composers have long used magical settings to tell moving, profound and very human stories.
Ballet in Bloom: The Flower Waltz
24 December 2014
Ballet choreographers have long loved to craft swirling floral patterns for the corps de ballet, set to a waltz's gentle lilt.
Recommended recordings May 2013: New releases in the ROH Shop
24 May 2013
May sees releases from Pavarotti, Sir Colin Davis and Ian Bostridge.


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Product details
Experiment Type: Teacher Experiment, Laboratory Experiment
The cell membrane controls the transport of nutrients and water into the cell, and of waste products and water out of the cell. This can take place passively, e.g. on the basis of osmotic processes (differences in concentration), as well as actively.
What you can learn about
Register now and keep
up-to-date with our latest
1 year warranty
curricula compliant
quality - made in Germany
individual service available
experiment guides online
more than 5.000 devices
more than 3.000 experiments


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Concentrated solar power projects within Horizon 2020
Concentrated solar power utilizes mirrors and reflective surfaces to reflect and concentrate a large amount of sunlight and solar thermal energy and convert it to heat which is in turn used to drive turbines or generators for power production.
In H2020, most of the CSP-related projects are funded within the Research and Innovation Action scheme-RIA (7 projects) and Innovation Action -IA (8 projects) scheme as shown below. This is an indication that major efforts are focused on the advancement of mature technologies. Similarly, a greater proportion of the funding from European Union is directed towards the RIA (35,352,997 €) and IA (55,148,454 €) projects. Other projects with relatively lower funding, are based on knowledge transfer within the Marie Curie Scheme and innovation support among small enterprises within the SME schemes.
Research efforts within the H2020 framework are aimed at ensuring that CSP becomes more competitive and acceptable in the power-production market through costs reductions and use of innovative materials. To reduce costs, CSP plants are considering plant automation and optimization through machine learning for smart weather forecasting and power dispatch and reduction of water consumption in CSP plants through minimizing water evaporation losses and decreasing the amount of water used for mirror cleaning.
Innovative materials with high reflective capacities are being developed and include protective and anti-soiling coatings of primary reflectors, high-reflective surfaces for heliostats, high-temperature secondary reflectors, receiver coatings for solar towers and line-focus collectors. Materials being developed for thermal storage include corrosion resistant high-temperature metals and coatings for steam and molten salts as well as high thermal performance concrete.
In the H2020 funded projects, the key companies which are active in this technological area are Amires s.r.o (Czech Republic), Laterizi Gambettola SRL (Italy), General Electric Switzerland GMBH (SWITZERLAND), Alstom Power Systems (France), SBP Sonne GMBH (Germany), and Enerray SPA (Italy). Other major entities include CEA (France), Fraunhofer (Germany), Moroccan Agency For Solar Energy SA (Morocco), IRESEN (Morocco), CICe (Spain), CIEMAT (Spain), Electricite de France (France), ETH Zurich (Switzerland), University of Évora (Portugal), Cranfield University (UK), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain), ENEA (Italy), Politecnico di Torino (Italy), Real Instituto Elcano (Spain), and CSIC (Spain). The ecosystem of the organizations, institutions, and companies that are actively involved in the CSP projects within the H2020 framework is as shown in the visualization below:


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Islamabad more popular than Ibiza among UK air travellers
Islamabad is one of a host of surprising destinations to be high on British travellers' agendas, with the Pakistani capital more popular than Madrid, Ibiza and Berlin, according to new figures.
In figures released by Skyscanner, the flight comparison website, showing bookings made through the website so far this year, Manila, in the Philippines, ranks higher than Rome – and Colombo higher than Prague.
In a comprehensive survey of where Britons are flying in 2017, from bookings up until September 11, Skyscanner has unearthed a few surprises.
The top 10 offers few shocks, with traditional cities welcoming the most British travellers, though that two of the top three are long-haul shows a healthy appetite for flying further afield.
The top 10 most popular destinations according to Skyscanner
- Amsterdam
- New York
- Bangkok
- Dublin
- Dubai
- London
- Malaga
- Barcelona
- Alicante
- Paris
The appearance of London is an indication that a large number of people are booking internal flights from airports such as Edinburgh and Belfast. Malaga, Barcelona and Alicante creating a Spanish cluster in the top 10 is evidence of Britain's enduring love of holidaying in Spain.
What are the most surprising destinations?
- The Pakistani capital of Islamabad sits high up in 14th place, ahead of Orlando, Milan and Lisbon. This is likely because the UK has the second largest expat Pakistani community in the world, behind only Saudi Arabia, of more than a million people (rather than because travellers are taking holidays in the sprawling city).
- Manila in the Philippines in 28th is higher than Copenhagen, Athens and Lanzarote. There are only about 200,000 Filipinos living in the UK, so much of this comes down to tourism in the region, which is rising.
- Lagos, in Nigeria, in 31st, welcomes more bookings from the UK than Munich, Las Vegas and Budapest. The Foreign Office says around 170,000 British nationals visit Nigeria each year, and there are some 216,000 Nigerians living in the UK.
Which destination has the cheapest average fare?
Dublin, the fourth most popular destination, boasts the lowest average return fare, of £91.04, just ahead of Belfast (£91.90) and Glasgow (£102.79). Outside of the UK and Ireland, the cheapest destination is Berlin, at £103.01 return.
And the most expensive?
Sydney nosed out Auckland as the most expensive average return fare at £984.63, over Auckland's £983.78. In third place is Melbourne, with an average return fare costing £928.20.
The full top 50
- Amsterdam
- New York
- Bangkok
- Dublin
- Dubai
- London
- Malaga
- Barcelona
- Alicante
- Paris
- Palma
- Faro
- Tenerife
- Islamabad
- Belfast
- Hong Kong
- Los Angeles
- Ibiza
- Berlin
- Edinburgh
- Geneva
- Lisbon
- Toronto
- Sydney
- Madrid
- Orlando
- New Delhi
- Manila
- Istanbul
- Milan
- Lagos
- Bali
- Mumbai
- Rome
- Colombo
- Larnaca
- Glasgow
- Budapest
- Kuala Lumpur
- Tokyo
- Lahore
- Prague
- Copenhagen
- Lanzarote
- Johannesburg
- Athens
- Melbourne
- Auckland
- Munich
- Las Vegas


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Children's hospitals in Ohio are making key investments to address a major cause of poor health—substandard housing.
In 2008, Cincinnati Children's teamed up with the local Legal Aid Society to form the Cincinnati Child Health-Law Partnership (Child HeLP).
Since then, lawyers have been on call to address housing problems for patients and their families.
Child HeLP is one of several recent partnerships Cincinnati Children's has formed to address factors outside the hospital walls that land people in the hospital.
To read more about how the hospital is aimed at improving housing conditions and promoting redevelopment, click on Shelterforce.org.


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I loved Venice.
Loved, loved, loved it.
The guide books had prepared me for the city that couldn't possibly live up to all the hype. The great disappointment. The giant wet thud.
They couldn't have been more wrong.
Here is just a taste of the jaw-dropping wonderfulness that was my day in the city of canals, Venice.
We also toured St. Mark's Basilica and the Doge Palace, which were simply spectacular but did not allow photography. I encourage you to Google them to get a sneak peek.
It's not the same as being there, of course. That was out of this world.


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Connect Workday Rapidly
Crank up the value on Workday Human Capital and Financial Management.
Accelerate Time to Value
Jitterbit Harmony is a single API integration platform that helps you expand the reach of Workday HCM and Financial Management by automating business workflows and seamlessly connecting in-house, on-premise, and cloud-based systems to provide greater data-driven visibility and value for your Workday users.
Automate critical functions such as talent management, payroll, benefits, financial planning and financial systems. Utilize Jitterbit's real-time API and integration capabilities to ensure data integration is fast, re-usable and easy to manage.
We are proud to be a Workday Select Partner, which is the highest Partner designation. Our strategic partnership and expertise in Workday integration enable us to help you quickly maximize the value you get out of Workday and your other systems.
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Certified Public Accountants FAX 732-516-9778
328 Amboy Ave, Metuchen NJ 08840
A client calls to ask how to keep a key employee who feels entitled to some form of ownership in the client's business. The client does not want to lose the employee, as this loss would have a significant negative impact on the business. It is not uncommon for clients to encounter thisissue.
Very often, a business has grown and succeeded because of the efforts of a few key employees. To reward and retain those employees, companies often look for ways to extend ownership, or the feeling of ownership, to their key people. What options are available? And what are the related advantages and disadvantages? Many factors must be considered when offering forms of ownership, and different risks and costs are associated with the various options. This discussion focuses on the path chosen by one of the authors' clients, involving the decision to offer a profits interest to an employee.
A Company LLC was in the medical services industry and was formed as a single-member limited liability company in 1997. A had been taxed as an S corporation since 2002. Its sole shareholder, B, was not a medical doctor (M.D.). Companies operating in this highly profitable sector are not required to have an M.D. on staff, but the presence of one can provide a competitive advantage. C was A's sole M.D. employee. With an M.D. on staff, A could prescribe medicines and other treatments for patients.
Like many key employees, C was not satisfied with salary and benefits alone and wanted some form of ownership interest in A. A had neither an employment agreement nor a noncompete agreement with C. Because losing C was a substantial risk to A's competitive advantage, B began evaluating his options.
Key considerations
The decision to offer ownership or an ownership-like compensation vehicle requires careful consideration of tax and business consequences. Business considerations include the following:
How vital is the employee to the organization's mission? Does the employee possess unique skills that would be difficult to replace?
Does this situation affect succession planning? Is this employee contemplating a future purchase of the entire company? Will the employee's presence as part of this company increase its future value or make it easier to find an interested buyer?
Will this employee make a good business partner? Does this person work well with the current owners, or are future conflicts foreseen?
How does the current ownership group feel about giving up some portion of control of the company? Would a new perspective invigorate the company?
What is the employee's position regarding paying taxes on the value of the form of ownership? Is the tax impact a potential "deal breaker" for the employee?
With these factors in mind, B and C entered into negotiations that would give C some type of ownership rights in A. Based on the company's prior performance and C's current compensation, the two settled on 30% as a fair portion of A for C. An independent business valuation was performed, finding that the fair market value (FMV) of a 30% share of A was approximately $300,000.
Analysis of the options
Many options, and the corresponding risks, were considered when evaluating this situation, including the following:
Having the employee purchase shares;
Granting shares to the employee;
Creating a phantom stock plan for the key employee;
Issuing stock appreciation rights;
Converting into a partnership and granting a capital interest; or
Converting into a partnership and granting a profits interest.
Each option is discussed in further detail below.
Having the employee purchase shares
A common way to bring in an additional owner is through the purchase of shares. Shares can be purchased from an existing owner, or the company may issue additional shares. A business valuation is generally required to determine the FMV of the corporation's shares.
If the shares are purchased from an existing shareholder, the selling shareholder recognizes gain or loss to the extent that the proceeds differ from the shareholder's basis.
If the purchase is financed with a loan, the new shareholder can deduct the interest but must allocate the interest between business interest and investment interest. The loan may be financed through a third party or by the seller. Financing the loan through a third party has the advantage of transferring risk away from the seller.
C did not have the resources to purchase shares of A. B was reluctant to finance the purchase, so this option was eliminated from consideration.
Granting shares
Another method to add shareholders is to grant shares. In this situation, the new shareholder would recognize income at the grant date in the amount of the FMV of the new shares. Depending on the shares' value, this could result in a sizable tax liability. Distributions of cash to the new shareholder can mitigate this; however, cash distributions must remain proportionate in an S corporation, which may mean that additional cash distributions need to be made to the existing shareholders. Cash flow issues may preclude this.
Both C and B wanted the transaction's structure to be as tax-neutral as possible for C, so this option was out.


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Three Choirs Vineyard - Wickham Vineyard
Come for the wine tasting and walk amongst the vines and nature reserve. Settle into a chair in our restaurant and dine on a fresh seasonal dish or two. The vineyard is also a beautiful wedding venue location.
Wedding Venue:
What better place to celebrate your big day than at our beautiful vineyard nestled amongst the vines and gentle rolling hills of Wickham. Our 40 acre estate is situated in the beautiful Hampshire countryside at the foot of the Meon Valley with vines that will provide a beautiful backdrop for your wedding photographs.
Our outdoor wedding Gazebo is licensed for weddings to take place in the heart of the vineyard and we have transformed our large beamed winery (where the wine used to be produced) into a lovely venue for a wedding reception.


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There wasn't a moment to spare for Juventus stars Andrea Barzagli and Gonzalo Higuain yesterday on touching down on English soil ahead of Sunday's friendly fixture against West Ham United at London Stadium.
Immediately after stepping off the plane that had carried the Bianconeri from Turin Caselle to Stansted airport, the pair were whisked away in a helicopter as guests of Jeep for a special event in West Berkshire.
After 20 minutes in the air over the capital, Andrea and Gonzalo arrived at the Thames Alfa Romeo and Jeep dealership to sign autographs and pose for photos with a clutch of very lucky supporters.
The perfect start to the team's short London stop-over!


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Megaprojects: Managing Risks and Controlling Costs
With the era of "easy oil" behind us, upstream companies face the challenging task of meeting the increasing global energy demand. Oil companies push the boundaries of technology to squeeze out every barrel of oil from their existing fields, while exploring further and drilling deeper to exploit new reserves. With the complexity involved in the operations going up, the industry is building larger and more complex projects. Such megaprojects require billions of dollars of investment, multidisciplinary teams, meticulous planning, flawless execution, and cutting-edge technology. As is the case with any complex project, delays and cost overruns haunt project managers right from the stage of conceptualization. The reasons for these delays can be broadly classified as technical and nontechnical.
Technical Complexities
- Frequent changes in specifications and business requirements lead to numerous iterations and delays in front-end engineering and design (FEED). Such projects also deploy complex and cutting-edge technology specifically developed for these projects. Pressure on project managers to deliver "first oil" often leads to these technologies being used untested, leading to commissioning delays and even the need to redesign or carry out expensive modifications.
- Projects of such scale require thorough project management skills. Being multidisciplinary projects, there are numerous interdependencies between internal departments on one hand and external agencies such as original equipment manufacturer (OEM), vendors, and contractors on the other. With so many moving parts, ensuring tight timelines is challenging. Many companies still follow the process of tendering out to the lowest bidder, which may make the project vulnerable to delays due to inexperience or poor service quality by the vendors.
- Successful execution of projects requires specialized equipment and manpower. Often equipment such as deepwater rigs have to be scheduled months in advance. Instances of project managers scheduling the project execution around the availability of long lead time equipment is common. Delay in release or movement of the equipment from a previous work location may delay projects. Delays due to shortage of skilled manpower, both on the project management side as well as the construction side, are also prevalent.
- Difficult terrains and lack of access to proper infrastructure strain the supply chains by delaying material movement to the project site. A good example of this challenge is the Gorgon liquefied natural gas (LNG) project in Australia, which is located hundreds of miles away from the nearest city and approximately 1,000 miles from the nearest port.
Nontechnical Factors
- Often megaprojects lie in ecologically sensitive areas, leading to strong opposition from environmental groups. For example, the Keystone XL pipeline, which runs through biologically sensitive areas, has encountered strong opposition from environmental groups in the US leading to significant project delays. Similarly, the Gorgon LNG project is located in a Class A nature reserve zone, which requires strict quarantine processes for all materials brought into the project site.
- Often governments require a stipulated minimum level of local content. Many developing countries lack sufficient skills/technological capabilities for executing such projects. Nevertheless, regulations force project managers to source a certain percentage of material and manpower locally, even at the expense of quality and lead time, potentially leading to project delays due to lower productivity and local supplier lack of experience.
- Rough weather conditions are one of the most common reasons for project delays, especially offshore. Getting drilling/project equipment to deepwater locations is dependent upon weather conditions such as ocean swell, current, and wind direction. Rough weather may delay construction activities, thereby idling all equipment and manpower. With rig day rates for deep water in the range of USD 300,000/day to USD 500,000/day, even one day of rig idling has significant impact on project costs.
- A majority of the megaprojects under construction today require an oil price above USD 60/bbl to achieve positive cash flows. With oil price fluctuations, these projects face an uncertain future. Given global sourcing of materials and services, foreign exchange fluctuations can also add another element of risk.
- The role of geopolitics in project delays has gone up substantially over the past few years as more projects are conceived in volatile regions of the world. Political unrest, international sanctions, war, and acts of terrorism are threats to the workforce and project schedule.
Examples of project delays due to the mentioned reasons are ample across the industry. Upstream projects in the Caspian Sea and Russia have been delayed by multiple years and billions of dollars due to technical complexity. Australian LNG projects are running behind schedule and with cost overruns due to the lack of skilled manpower and complex supply chains. An Indian refiner faced delays due to regulatory hurdles and land acquisition problems.
Project delays are common across both international oil companies (IOCs) and national oil companies (NOCs). In the case of IOCs, pressure from shareholders for maintaining a healthy reserve replacement ratio leads to project managers taking on ambitious targets and untested technologies, causing project delays. While for NOCs, the challenge in executing projects in an integrated manner in the face of procedural constraints, complex contracting procedures, possible government interferences, and less autonomy are major reasons for project delays.
Such delays not only lead to cost overruns, but also result in deferred hydrocarbon production, thereby delaying revenue generation. With the shareholders focused on higher return on investment, such delays and cost overruns are deemed unacceptable.
Project managers have long been using traditional tools and techniques like stage-gates, work breakdown structure, and Critical Path Method/Program Evaluation and Review Technique models to plan and execute projects. However, to tackle the complexities of megaprojects, companies have adopted new techniques and more efficient work practices such as the following.
Increased management oversight. As senior management comes under pressure from shareholders and financial institutions to ensure tight capital control, management oversight on large projects has increased. Frequent status updates and constant tracking of these projects have become a boardroom agenda. This not only ensures that the project managers are adhering to their timelines, but also highlights potential risks well in advance, enabling management to take corrective actions.
Integrated planning and execution. The traditional "silo" approach to project design is being replaced by an integrated planning and execution approach. Critical OEMs and vendors are engaged from the FEED stage. This ensures that all major stakeholders are seamlessly integrated during the design phase, prevents any surprises during the project execution, and eliminates the potential for rework.
Information technology. Project and portfolio management tools have helped provide project managers with better real-time visibility of project risks by analyzing information from multiple sources, thereby helping them make timely and informed decisions. These tools have also enabled collaboration between stakeholders, resource optimization, and real-time cost monitoring.
Modularization and standardization. The construction industry has embraced the concept of modularization wherein the entire project is broken down into various modules, which can be fabricated at a dedicated facility leading to reductions in cost and time. These modules are then transported to the project location for assembly. Modularization cuts down the necessity to transport raw materials and machines for construction to the project site, thus reducing the possibility of delays. Standardization of modules is yet another step wherein specific modules are consistently manufactured to predefined specifications to enable reusability in different projects.
Integrated sourcing and procurement. Integrating the sourcing and procurement function during project conceptualization helps in putting together a procurement strategy early on in the project. This not only reduces delays due to nonavailability of parts or long lead times, but also ensures the sourcing strategy is in line with the project requirements and timelines. Standardization of parts further enables the procurement department to source parts cost-effectively and helps to minimize risks with quality and lead time.
While there are numerous examples of project delays, instances of on-time completion of projects within the stipulated budgets are also worth mentioning. A global exploration and production company completed one of its deepwater Gulf of Mexico projects before the scheduled time, generating significant early cash flows to the business. An integrated oil and gas company commissioned its project offshore Nigeria 5 months ahead of schedule and USD 400 million below the anticipated budget. These instances have been possible largely due to companies demonstrating a disciplined project management approach and following the industry best practices mentioned earlier.
With the cushion of high oil prices dissipating, contracting and sourcing of capital are becoming increasingly difficult. To ensure the success of megaprojects from both the technical and financial perspectives, the energy industry will have to focus more on containing project risks, reducing delays, and ensuring faster "first oil" to improve the viability of such projects and enhance shareholder confidence.
Varun Unnikrishnan is a principal consultant with PricewaterhouseCoopers India's oil and gas consulting practice and focuses on hydrocarbon operations. He started his career with Oil and Natural Gas Corporation as a production engineer. Unnikrishnan holds a master's degree in mechanical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology and an MBA in operations from Indian School of Business.
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12 March 2020


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Freedom's Not Always Fun!
We celebrate the Fourth of July as a reminder of what makes our nation so great. With respect to your rights comes with the responsibility of respecting mine and while it would be so easy for me to go into one of my rants-I respectfully refrain and instead reblogging a very important message from another blogger:
"If we believe in freedom, we believe in the sanctity of each individual to own and control the fruits of his labors. This means that freedom naturally encompasses the six or seven commandments that deal with how we treat others.
Thou shalt not steal, kill, lie, covet others' possessions, or dishonor others.
We must understand that in order for our own freedom to be respected, we must equally respect others' freedom. Once we start eroding the edges of freedom, no matter how "morally justified," freedom itself has been infringed."
Happy Fourth of July
Disclaimer connected to this blog…Things said are of my opinion and the opinions of others…Stay tuned and follow this blog -B
Freedom ain't free. We've all heard that.
But freedom is also tough to take at times!
Living in a land of liberty ensures that we hear things we vehemently disagree with – things that would never be thought, let alone said, in our own home.
It means that the rock band next door might have daily jam sessions.
It guarantees that a symbol of freedom which we love dearly will be burned or stomped on.
It means that our neighbor will use his property in a way we know to be harmful to the land or in a way that offends our own sense of taste.
It allows for the possibility that a woman might own 235 cats and have no way of taking care of them to the extent we deem they should be cared for.
But freedom cannot be qualified. Either people are free to do with their own…
View original post 210 more words


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What is the first thing guest notice when they enter your lounge? It's not the decoration. It's not the color of walls. It's where they're going to sit, sofa.
Your sofa upholstery can get dirty and fade in color just after few months of buying it. This depends on how frequently you use. But can you really afford a bad impression over untidy sofa set?
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|Display Size
|120"W x 89"H
|Graphics Size
|124.5"W x 91"H
|Display Material
|8.8 oz. Tension Fabric
|Hardware Material
|LED Lights
|12 Watt
|Package Size (Soft Canvas Bag)
|32"W x 11"H x 11"D
|Weight With Soft Canvas Bag
|22 lbs
|Package Size (Hard Case)
|40"W x 21"H x 17"D
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Press Releases
Nordic Workshop
The HYDROPOWER Nordic workshop in Luleå took place on 28-29 August and brought together experts from both academia and industry. It was the first of three workshops across Europe to develop a Research and Innovation Agenda and a Strategic Industry Roadmap for the hydropower sector.
More than 75 experts from 9 different countries joined the discussions at Luleå University of Technology on how the hydropower sector should shape the future European energy system.
Thomas Schleker, Project Officer of the Directorate-General for Research and Innovation from the European Commission stated: "Among the EU's energy objectives, energy efficiency is at the top. We want to assume global leadership in renewable energy sources."
With an emphasis on local communities' needs and priorities, the participants were divided into focus groups. Their discussions and conclusions were shared with all the participants and will now feed into HYDROPOWER EUROPE's Research and Innovation Agenda and Strategic Roadmap.
Following the Nordic Workshop, two other regional workshops will take place:
- Alpine Regional Workshop: 11 – 12 September 2019, Switzerland;
- Mediterranean Regional Workshop: 30 September – 1 October 2019, Greece
More information and registrations: https://consultation.hydropower-europe.eu/hydropower-europe-consultation-programme/regional-workshops/
Latest News
The event provided an overview of ongoing initiatives and projects on (small) hydropower to address both domestic and world market developments. The the event was to show a wide audience the developments happening in the hydropower industry in Southeastern Europe, to cultivate old contacts and establish new ones. Speakers from various countries showcased the best practice examples, their latest innovations and challenges.
HYDROPOWER EUROPE visited ITCOLD in Palermo
ITCOLD, the Italian Committee on Large Dams, set up a Working Group to assess how dam owners' actions addressed to the sustainable host territories development are perceived by the other stakeholders present in the same territory. The main aim of the ITCOLD activity is to facilitate the dialogue and the intercommunication between two worlds that often have conflictual or even opposite interests.
HYDROPOWER EUROPE presented at the Opening Session of HYDRO 2019 in Porto, Portugal
During the opening session of the Hydro 2019 conference: Concept to closure: Practical steps in Porto, Portugal, 14 October 2019. Prof. Anton Schleiss and Jean-Jacques Fry were invited to present in a keynote address the latest results of the HYDROPOWER EUROPE project.
Prof. Anton Schleiss presents HYDROPOWER EUROPE at the 11th ICOLD Europe Symposium in Crete, Greece
Prof. Anton Schleiss was invited as a keynote speaker at the 11th ICOLD European Club Symposium in Chania, Crete, 2-4 October 2019 which attracted about 200 participants. The keynote entitled 'The importance of hydropower development for the energy transition in Europe' was given on October 3
About Fish-Friendly Hydropower Workshop
HYDROPOWER EUROPE partners participated in FIThydro Stakeholder Workshop on Fish-Friendly Hydropower organised in the context of FIThydro, a 4-year EU-funded H2020 research project (2016-2020). This project addresses the decision support in commissioning and operating hydropower plants by the use of existing and innovative technologies.
Happy New Year for 2020
With your support into the next decade to reinforce hydropower as a catalyst for the energy transition in Europe. The HYDROPOWER EUROPE FORUM would like to wish you a Happy New Year for 2020!
New HYDROPOWER EUROPE video
At the World Hydropower Congress 2019, HYDROPOWER EUROPE premiered its video, detailing its vision and the important role hydropower will play in the Energy Transition. HYDROPOWER EUROPE will provide a focal point for reviewing and developing hydropower in Europe - watch the video below to learn
Upcoming Events
Renexpo Western Balkans
Date: 13/05/2020
HYDROVISION International
Date: 14/07/2020
Date: 13/10/2020
The International Water Conference
Date: 08/11/2020
Date: 26/11/2020


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Saturday, March 22, 2008
5' is the the position of cabon exposed and one end and 3' the the position of cabon exposed. 5 & 3 represents the position of carbon of the nucleotide.
Posted by Bio-Resource at 11:59 AM No comments: Links to this post
Bio mass
Biomass, in the energy production industry refers to living and recently living biological material which can be used as fuel or for industrial production. Most commonly biomass refers to plant matter grown for use as biofuel, but also includes plant or animal matter used for production of fibres, chemicals or heat. Biomass may also include biodegradable wastes that can be burnt as fuel. It excludes organic material which has been transformed by geological processes into substances such as coal or petroleum. It is usually measured by dry weight.The term biomass is especially useful for plants, where some internal structures may not always be considered living tissue, such as the wood (secondary xylem) of a tree.Biomass is grown from several plants, including switchgrass, hemp, corn, poplar, willow and sugarcane. The particular plant used is usually not very important to the end products, but it does affect the processing of the raw material. Production of biomass is a growing industry as interest in sustainable fuel sources is growing.Though biomass is a renewable fuel, its use can still contribute to global warming. This happens when the natural carbon equilibrium is disturbed; for example by deforestation or urbanization of green sites.Biomass is part of the carbon cycle. Carbon from the atmosphere is converted into biological matter by photosynthesis. On decay or combustion the carbon goes back into the atmosphere. This happens over a relatively short timescale and plant matter used as a fuel can be constantly replaced by planting for new growth. Therefore a reasonably stable level of atmospheric carbon results from its use as a fuel.Although fossil fuels have their origin in ancient biomass, they are not considered biomass by the generally accepted definition because they contain carbon that has been 'out' of the carbon cycle for a very long time. Their combustion therefore disturbs the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere.Other uses of biomass, besides fuel:1)Building materials 2)Biodegradable plastics and paper (using cellulose fibres) Plastics from biomass, like some recently developed to dissolve in seawater, are made the same way as petroleum-based plastics, are actually cheaper to manufacture and meet or exceed most performance standards. But they lack the same water resistance or longevity as conventional plastics
Posted by Bio-Resource at 11:59 AM No comments: Links to this post
Protien Synthesis
Protien Syntesis involves 2 Major Events they are1 Transcription: It is the transcribing of Genetic material (DNA/RNA) into an mRNA(messenger RNA)2 Translation: In this mRNA is translated into Protiens.Both Transcription & Translation involves 3 Major Processes1 Initiaton2 elongation3 TerminationAfter Transcription mRNA is formed which is immature,it undergoes Slicing and Spilicing and post transcriptional modification.The modified mRNA comes out of nucleus and passes through Ribosome there it is translated and Protien is formed.Note: In all these events Various kinds of enzyme, Transcriptional & translational factors and other Proteins are involved
Posted by Bio-Resource at 11:56 AM No comments: Links to this post
Why Phosynthesis is so important?
Photosynthesis is so imp. because they are the primary producers of energy for the whole organisms in the ecosystem.
Posted by Bio-Resource at 11:55 AM No comments: Links to this post
Survival of the Fittest
The theory of Darwin " the Survival of the Fittest", while coming to the case of survival the best suited or best adapted will survive, this is known as survival of the fittest.Exception are seen in case of Honey Bees(Altruism) and in case of Ants
Posted by Bio-Resource at 11:54 AM No comments: Links to this post
Can one consider varying the distance between the light source and the plant as a change in the intensity of light (in order to determine the rate of photosynthesis)??
Yes, Intensity of light plays a imp role in controlling the rate of photosynthesis.
Yes, Intensity of light plays a imp role in controlling the rate of photosynthesis.
Posted by Bio-Resource at 11:53 AM No comments: Links to this post
Sunday, March 2, 2008
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The Canadian Agricultural Human Resources Council (CAHRC) HR Management Training Workshop: What You Need to Know About Hiring & Managing International Workers on Your Farm has been developed in collaboration with Government and industry participation, along with subject matter experts across Canada.
The Canadian Agricultural HR Council is a national, non-profit organization focused on addressing labour issues facing agricultural businesses across Canada.
Their training programs and other labour resources are developed in consultation with industry stakeholders, including farm owners and managers.
Join Newland Chase's Canada immigration expert, Cassandra Conacher for clear information, instructions and tips to successfully hire and manage international workers on your farm through the Agricultural Stream.


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Classic Thin Microblading Holder-Autovlave
Classic Thin Microblading Holder-Autovlave
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Product Description
Classic Thin Microblading Holder-Autovlave (8mm)
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Length : 115mm Diameter:8mm
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Dictionary > Finance > S > Shirking
Finance Dictionary - S Terms
The tendency to do less work when the return is smaller. Owners may have more incentive to shirk if they issue equity as opposed to debt, because they retain less ownership interest in the company and therefore may receive a smaller return. Thus, shirking is considered an agency cost of equity.


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|Myths and Falsehoods on the NSA Domestic Call-Tracking Program
|Media Matters (email@example.com)
Sun, 14 May 2006 14:00:11 -0500
Myths and falsehoods on the NSA domestic call-tracking program
Summary: Media Matters documents the misleading or false claims
On May 11, USA Today reported that the National Security Agency (NSA)
The public disclosure of the domestic call tracking program provoked
As with the exposure of the warrantless surveillance program in
#1: The NSA has access only to Americans' phone numbers and call
In reporting on the NSA call-tracking program, some media figures have
a.. CNN national security correspondent David Ensor: The phone
b.. NBC senior investigative correspondent Lisa Myers: "The data
c.. ABC chief investigative correspondent Brian Ross: "Officials say
d.. Fox News host John Gibson: "[T]he NSA is compiling phone calling
e.. Fox News correspondent Carl Cameron: "The data records that the
f.. Fox News correspondent Jim Angle: "But others of both parties said
Similarly, some reporters have failed to challenge Republican
#2: The NSA is only tracking phone calls, not listening to them.
In describing the specifics of the NSA call-tracking program, certain media
But in affirmatively claiming that the NSA is not using the data for
Government access to call records is related to the previously disclosed
Despite this report, the Post and ABC News conducted a poll on the
#3: The Clinton administration implemented a more intrusive surveillance
Shortly after the disclosure of the NSA's warrantless domestic
But as Media Matters noted in response to the earlier comparisons, in
By contrast, since the disclosure of their warrantless domestic
Conservative media figures such as Hannity and syndicated columnist
As with Hannity's claim that the NSA is not using the phone records
#4: Only Democrats are criticizing the NSA program.
In reporting on the NSA data collection program, various media figures
On the May 11 edition of Hannity & Colmes, former House Speaker Newt
GINGRICH: I'm not going to defend the indefensible ... I'm prepared
On the May 11 edition of MSNBC's Scarborough Country, host and former
And yet, on the May 11 edition of Fox News' The Big Story with John
#5: "Experts agree" this type of data collection is "legal"
A variety of media figures have stated unequivocally that the NSA data
In addition, Newsday reported on May 12:
However, James Dempsey of the nonprofit Center for Democracy and
Real-time collection of data would require the NSA to get a warrant
And if the NSA is collecting historical records, the telecommunica-
Nevertheless, on the May 11 broadcast of NBC's Nightly News, senior
But, while the Supreme Court ruled in Smith v. Maryland (1979) that
To summarize, my very preliminary sense is that there are no Fourth
On the May 11 edition of MSNBC's Hardball with Chris Matthews, Roger
#6: NSA program could have prevented 9-11 attacks
A number of media figures have suggested that the NSA data collection
Hayden echoed a claim earlier this month by Vice President [Dick]
Like Cheney, however, Hayden did not mention that the NSA, CIA and FBI
But Matthews, on the May 11 edition of Hardball, said to Sen. Ken Salazar
MATTHEWS: Well, here's where the tire hits the road, Senator.
On the May 11 edition of Special Report with Brit Hume, Fox News chief
ANGLE: For instance, if this had been in place before 9-11, and the
Angle's suggestion that the program could have provided the NSA with
A secretive U.S. eavesdropping agency monitored telephone conversations
The officials, speaking on condition of anonymity, said the conversa-
The NSA failed to share the intercepts with the CIA or other U.S.
#7: Veracity of USA Today report is in question
Some in the media have suggested that the original USA Today report on
In fact, while the Bush administration has not confirmed or denied the
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text: When you make a purchase from SimpliPleasure.com, you provide us with personal information such as your name, address, phone number, credit card information, email address, and an order. We keep a record of this information which is covered by our privacy policy and is held in the strictest of confidence. All information submitted via our website is secure and private. From the time you visit our site until the package arrives at your door, and even afterwards, your entire transaction will be completed discretely and privately.


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A driving force in cloud adoption is the cost savings one gets from eliminating physical servers, then migrating applications and data into the cloud. This reduces up-front capital expenditures (CAPEX) and enables budget planning that is based around operating expenditures (OPEX) and on-demand service provisioning.
Undoubtedly this propels pricing competition among major cloud service providers. They are striving to reduce their price per virtual machine (VM), which averages 10 percent a year or roughly 5 cents an hour per virtual instance. The continuous pricing reduction derived from multi-tenant public cloud has contributed to the exponential growth of the cloud market for the past five years.
However, from an enterprise user perspective, is the velocity of cost savings enough to be highly competitive in the long term? The convergence of mobile, social, Internet of Things (IoT), cognitive computing and cloud has already disrupted industries by creating innovative solutions around smart cars, smart buildings, smart health care and smart education.
App-based ride sharing companies are now multi-billion-dollar concerns. How can existing taxi service providers around the world sustain their business? Obviously, cost savings from cloud migration is not enough, but they may be compelled to create innovative solutions using cognitive capabilities on cloud.
"Cognitive on cloud" refers to cognitive services running in the cloud and that are available to be consumed via representational state transfer (REST) APIs. These services are available as part of platform-as-a-service (PaaS) offerings such as Bluemix so they can be easily bound to an application while coding.
For example, cognitive analytics such as voice (tone analyzer, speech-to-text) and video (face detection, visual recognition) capabilities enable users to analyze petabytes of unstructured data generated by mobile devices every day.
Developing cognitive applications to run on mobile devices will provide new insights and help organizations create totally new revenue streams. The convergence of cognitive computing and cloud is driving this cognitive-oriented digital economy. The potential return is seemingly unlimited.
From an return-on-investment (ROI) perspective, let's suppose that there are two organizations, each planning its cloud adoption. One picks the lowest-priced cloud service provider based on cloud commodity services as well as total cost of ownership (TCO) in the cloud (this is Org 1 in the chart). The other picks a cloud service provider based on one more evaluation criterion in addition to the TCO comparison: cognitive capability (Org 2 in the chart).
As shown in the chart above, by leveraging cognitive capabilities in the cloud, Org 2 will achieve a higher ROI through continuous innovation. The difference between the two organizations is that Org 2 sees cloud as an innovation platform for high ROI as rather than a way to cost savings based on a TCO comparison.
Continuous innovation will also include added values, such as IoT and blockchain powered by the cloud. However, the return may not be immediately quantifiable. Therefore, the gap between the two organizations can be enormous depending on how effectively an organization creates innovative solutions via cognitive applications and other value-added services.
When it comes to selecting the right service provider, ROI on cloud requires more than just a TCO comparison based on the number of VMs, storage capacity, hypervisor, operating system and so on. In addition to this basic analysis, an organization must consider which cloud is cognitive enabled or disabled at the PaaS layer. Achieving a high ROI requires a cognitive-enabled cloud as a foundation. More than 30 IBM Watson services on cloud with a supporting foundationhave become key to the solution for organizations across many industries.
Learn more about cognitive cloud and Watson services at IBM World of Watson.
The post Cognitive computing is driving ROI on cloud appeared first on Cloud computing news.
via Cloud computing news http://ibm.co/2cigQr9
September 22, 2016 at 03:33AM


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I WAS amazed how easy it was for my alter ego, 19-year-old Richard Brown from London, to get a place on a degree course.
He has one pass in biology (grade D) a fail in chemistry (grade N) and an unclassified (U) in maths. He also had low grade passes at AS level in English and maths (grade E).
The Bolton Institute welcomed me with open arms.
Not only was I offered a place on their biology, conservation biology and environmental studies degree courses, but the recruitment manager offered to check if I could get on to the psychology and maths courses.
The helpful chap rang me back to confirm a psychology place and I was told I could study joint honours maths despite failing A-level maths.
When I said I was unsure and would like to consider the offer, before committing myself to the massive expense of a three-year degree, he assured me the institution was highly rated and obtaining a student loan would be no problem.
And rather than wait for me to get back to him he would put the forms in the post and he could guarantee a room in halls for only £50 a week.
At the Manchester Metropolitan University I was told that they could have made me an offer to study three-year science degrees if I had the minimum two E grade A-levels.
Yet they advised me that rather than re-sit my A levels I should enrol at the MMU on the four-year degree programmes for biology or chemistry, made up of a two-year Higher National Diploma (HND) before being moved up to degree level.
Similarly Salford University could only accommodate me on a four-year programme and not the traditional three-year degree.
At Manchester University all places had been filled. And at UMIST the admissions tutor sniggered when I told her my academic achievements.
"We wouldn't ever take someone with grades as low as yours Richard. Why don't you try the Met or Bolton?"


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I Have Nothing to Write About
I have nothing to write about, i feel wedged between two hollow walls, both lacking inspiration and direction. But i am a writer. It's entrapment being such a thing and having nothing to say. I feel trapped by so much, mostly the intricacies of life and how once unbreakable binds can be untethered with the greatest of ease. Nothing is certain […]Read More I Have Nothing to Write About


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I was going through marginal notes / verses that I had underlined in the book of Exodus yesterday and something really interesting popped out at me. Exodus… Read more "Where True Freedom Is Found"
Tag: Evangel
Fudgee-O's and the Confessions of A Sugaholic!
When I got up on the platform on Sunday morning I never really dreamed that I would be THAT honest about how vulnerable I was to temptation!… Read more "Fudgee-O's and the Confessions of A Sugaholic!"
When God says, "Don't preach."
I've been trying to figure out how best to write down my thoughts about what happened at Evangel Church this past Sunday. I thought that if wrote… Read more "When God says, "Don't preach.""
Get Over It!
I think we all have things in our life that we wished we had never done. Mistakes. Bad choices. Failed attempts to do the right thing.
But too often we hang the mantle of our purpose on the coat rack of our past instead of discovering the potential of our purpose by wearing it with courage and conviction.
At least that's how I see it,
PS – Here is a clip from Kerry's message a couple of weeks ago addressing this very thing. Enjoy.
Coming Home Is Always Shorter
This past Sunday I sat and listened to Kerry give her testimony… her "Love Story" as she called it. I had never heard the story of the Prodigal Son that way before. It still is affecting me almost a week later.
We often focus on how 'far' we have moved away from God rather than how 'close' we are able to come back. We forget that He is waiting for us to return back to Him and then starts running to 'meet us'. HE is the one who shortens the journey back to Him.
At least that's how I see it,
PS – We launched a new series for our YouTube Channel called "McK and Mike" and we continued the conversation from Sunday. If you want to hear Kerry's message you can click on this link right here. Enjoy.
New Day… New Reasons
Love requires action. It is never intended to be a noun between two people but a verb.
Today, I thought I would share some thoughts on how my love has changed over the years.
Which Man Will I Be Today?
I have to be honest with you. I have personal pep talks every day.
No, I don't look in the mirror and yell "YOU CAN DO IT!!!!" like some crazed Rob Schneider with a sombrero on my head! No, every day I need to remind myself of who I am, and Whose I am.
I know each day (each moment actually), I can be one of two men: the man whose desires are momentary and probably self-seeking, or the man whose desires are to honour and serve the One who loves me and has purposed a greater life in me.
So I choose (or at least attempt to choose) the man who God desires me to be… knowing that He who has done GREAT things in my life, has planned even GREATER if I choose to follow Him.
At least that's how I see it,


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How to get a Student I-20/DS-2019
After you are granted admission to Vanderbilt University, you will receive a congratulatory email from International Student and Scholar Services (ISSS). In this e-mail, you will receive information about the ISSS Portal, which is where you will request your initial I-20 or DS-2019. To get a Vanderbilt I-20 or DS-2019 you must submit a copy of your admission letter, a copy of your passport ID page, and financial support documentation.
If you have been admitted but have not received an email from ISSS. please contact ISSS at firstname.lastname@example.com or 615-322-2753.
I'm a F-1 or J-1 Student currently in the U.S. How do I transfer my immigration record to Vanderbilt?
If you currently hold an F-1 or J-1 visa your immigration record must be transferred to Vanderbilt to that and I-20/DS-2019 can be issued.
According to the United States Citizenship & Immigration Services (USCIS), "school transfer" is the process by which an international student leaves one U.S. institution (before or after program completion) to begin attendance at another U.S. institution. School transfer, with regard to immigration, does not refer to the transfer of academic credits or records between institutions.
Transfer Eligibility
Students in F-1 or J-1 status are eligible to transfer to or from Vanderbilt University if they are:
- Admitted and otherwise eligible for a SEVIS document (I-20 or DS-2019, for F-1 or J-1 non-immigrant status, respectively)
- Maintaining current non-immigrant status
- Currently enrolled full-time, between terms, or participating in approved practical/academic training
Transfer to Vanderbilt Process
In order to receive a new I-20 or DS-2019 from Vanderbilt, your current institution must release your SEVIS record to Vanderbilt. When you complete the I-20/DS-2019 request on the ISSS Portal, you will need to provide the name and contact information of an International Student Adviser at your current school.
If you have any questions about this process, please contact ISSS at email@example.com or 615-322-2753.
Transition to Vanderbilt
- Will receive the Vanderbilt SEVIS I-20/DS-2019 upon campus arrival; it will not be mailed in advance
- Request the new SEVIS I-20/DS-2019 before departure from the U.S. If not possible, SEVIS I-20/DS-2019 will be sent to the foreign address
- If the current visa (F-1/J-1) is valid (unexpired), a new visa is not required even if the visa carries the name of the previous school
- U.S. re-entry is possible with the Vanderbilt-issued SEVIS I-20/DS-2019, valid passport, and a valid visa
- If a new visa is needed for reentry, the transfer student must apply using the Vanderbilt SEVIS I-20/DS-2019 and financial documentation
Transfer Timeline and Limitations
Transfers must be done within the deadlines established by USCIS, otherwise the student will be "out of status"
- Transfer students must enroll at Vanderbilt in the term immediately following previous school's last term, summer vacation, or practical training
- F-1 60-Day Grace Period or J-1 30-Day Grace Period: Transfer must be initiated within the grace period following completion a course of study or practical/academic training; the student is eligible for transfer through the end of the grace period
- 5-Month Start-Date Limit: Student must start new school within 5 months of SEVIS Release Date or program completion date
I'm currently in the U.S. in a different visa type, and need to change my status to F-1 or J-1
Individuals currently in the U.S., who would like to change their immigration status to F-1 or J-1, please contact ISSS at email@example.com.


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How To Get Rid of Nuclear Weapons
How To Get Rid of Nuclear Weapons
Click here to read the report of the International Commission on Nuclear Proliferation and Disarmament.
Nayan Chanda: My name is Nayan Chanda. I'm Director of Publications at the Center for The Study of Globalization. And we are very pleased to have with us in our studio Gareth Evans, the former Foreign Minister of Australia and President of the International Crisis Group, and now he is the Co‑Chair of International Commission for Nuclear Nonproliferation and Disarmament, which was set up with the support from Australian and Japanese government. And they have just put out this report on the task ahead. Gareth, welcome.
Gareth Evans: Nice to be here, Nayan.
Chanda: So, the fact that the United States and Russia – both of them have 9,000 and 13,000 nuclear weapons after they have decided to cut back some. That kind of intrigues me as to why on earth do they need that many weapons.
Evans: Well, they don't need anything like those numbers of weapons. I mean, in the Cold War years, in the early years, it was even worse. There were about 70,000 nuclear warheads overwhelmingly held between those two countries, very few by the other nuclear-armed states. In the immediate post Cold War years, that was dramatically reduced, but the trouble is for the last ten years or more we've just been sleepwalking on this issue. The significance of President Obama's advent to the administration, his commitment to nuclear disarmament, and his embrace of President Medvedev and moving at least the game forward again is that it now opens the window to make further, further significant reductions in the future. We haven't achieved an enormous amount by the U.S./Russia recently negotiated agreement. That's taken a few hundred strategically deployed weapons back into storage, but they haven't been destroyed. You're right in saying that the two countries between them have 22,000 weapons, 95 percent of the current world stockpile.
Chanda: Yeah.
Evans: And if we're going to be serious about disarmament, we of course have to dramatically reduce that. I think the immediate objective should just be to get the numbers down to much lower levels than that, but without in any way prejudicing the security interests, even very generously conceived, of the two countries. And what we are proposing in our commission report is that over the next 15 years we reduce that – that stockpile – down to about 2,000 weapons in total with Russia and the United States having 500 each, all the other countries no more than 1,000 between them.
That's still an awful lot of weapons, and capable of destroying the world a few times over, and far more than anyone would rationally need. But I think it's an indication of the magnitude of the task, just how far we've got to go to get to more reasonable limits.
Chanda: But one could ask, why do you need to cut back on weapons because they have been lying there in silos. They have not caused any harm. So, what's the reason for you to get so agitated and then people to organize this, to cut back on nuclear weapons? What is the harm in keeping them?
Evans: Because it's just a matter of sheer dumb luck. It's not a matter of the inherent stability of the system or brilliant political leadership or anything else that those weapons have not been used for the last 65 years. It's sheer dumb luck.
Chanda: Give an example. Is there any ...
Evans: I'll give you plenty of examples about what's happened during the Cold War years that we're only now beginning to recognize as more and more information comes to light. There were multiple occasions during the Cold War years when we came extraordinarily close to catastrophe through a combination of human error or machine error or decisions made under operational stress. Let me just give you two examples.
One was when Senator Chuck Percy years ago, in the middle of the Cold War, went to that secret mountain base…
Chanda: This is the U.S. Senator (Charles Percy, R-IL, 1967-1985)
Evans: Senator Chuck Percy.
Chanda: Yeah, yeah.
Evans: …went on a routine sort of inspection visit to the North American command system for nuclear…
Chanda: NORAD (North American Aerospace Defense Command).
Evans: NORAD ... buried away in a mountain in the U.S. Midwest. And the technicians put a demonstration tape in the system to show him what it would look like on the screens if there was in fact a Russian or Soviet nuclear strike on the United States. Unfortunately, they put it in the wrong machine or they pressed the wrong button. And so, all of a sudden the screens around the world lit up with the information that 200 ICBMs were on the way to attack America. And it took about 35, 40 minutes to unravel the situation, for people to realize what had happened and deal with the system and breathing sighs of relief all around. That's one example.
Chanda: That was before the President was awakened to ask for a decision.
Evans: Well, we still have. I mean, the crazy thing is to this day, 20 years after the end of the Cold War, we still have the President of Russia and the President of the United States carrying around these electronic footballs coded with electronic command information. And under the present alert system, they have between 12 and 18 minutes of a window in which to respond to information or misinformation about an incoming nuclear attack. So, this…
Chanda: And so, one President…
Evans: Let me just give you another example during the Cold War years – the Cuban Missile crisis in the early sixties. We now know that it wasn't just a matter of missiles on their way to Cuba in the Russian ship about which all the blockade fuss was. We now know there were actually nuclear weapons in Cuba, on Cuban soil. We also know that they were on Russian Soviet submarines in the surrounding waters. One extraordinary story has just come to light in recent years, that as part of the naval blockade, American ships – war ships – were dropping depth charges periodically just to let Russian submarines in the region know who was there and who was boss, not intending to hurt them. But one such depth charge knocked out the communication system with Moscow of one of the Soviet submarines that led to total panic and disarray on the submarine as to what they'd do because they were completely blind and deaf as to what was going on. The commander decided that it was obviously a war time situation and he wanted to press the button to fire his nuclear torpedo. He was physically restrained by his senior crew members who said, "No, this is almost certainly just an accident. For God's sake, we don't want to start World War III." It was as close as that.
Now, of course, nowadays it's not just the supposedly super sophisticated command and control systems of Russia and the United States we're talking about. We've got other players in the game. We've got India and Pakistan. And, frankly, their command and control systems are not nearly as sophisticated as those that have shown themselves so vulnerable in the past.
Chanda: So, the kind of dumb luck that held up the Cold War years may not do so in…
Evans: Absolutely not. In many ways the threat situation is now worse than it was during the Cold War years because you really only had the two major players with nuclear weapons. Now we've got others in the game as well.
Chanda: Yeah, we now have Pakistan, India…
Evans: Israel.
Chanda: Israel, and…
Evans: Plus the original five.
Chanda: And North Korea.
Evans: And North Korea with a small handful of nuclear explosive devices.
Chanda: And maybe possibly Iran.
Evans: Maybe Iran – that's the big policy question for all of us.
Chanda: Let's talk about these newcomers because in 1995 the NPT Nonproliferation Treaty Review Commission was held. Since then, we have now two new declared powers, Pakistan and India, and North Korea has also exploded a bomb. So, the Nonproliferation Treaty's really under threat. It has held so far until 1995, and now it is kind of…
Evans: Well, it's still holding together much better than was anticipated at the start. 40 years ago, it was anticipated by now that we would have 30 or 40 nuclear powers. But the taboo that is constituted by that Treaty has been fantastically important in giving countries confidence that others wouldn't break out. But the vulnerability, the weakness of the Treaty, is becoming really rather apparent. It was possible for a number of countries to develop secret programs, some of which were abandoned, like Libya's, some of which were dealt with in other ways, like Syria's. They were programs that operated in secret without the International Atomic Energy Agency, which is the guardian of the Nonproliferation Treaty, being aware of what was going on. And to the extent that it had suspicions that something was going on outside the civil power reactors, it didn't have the power or the authority to do the necessary investigations and monitoring.
It's that sort of thing that we do have to improve now if we're going to ensure that there are not further breakouts. I don't think we should be in despair about the Treaty. The India/Pakistan was always an accident waiting to happen. Neither of them had signed onto the Treaty. They'd always indicated it was a possibility that they would not observe this discipline.
It's a real worry that North Korea has because it has broken away because it was a member of the Treaty. And it would be a real worry if Iran were to walk away from the Treaty because it's been a member all these years and has committed itself, you know, quite overtly to not acquiring nuclear weapons. I don't think we should give up on Iran. I don't think we should make the assumption, my Commission does not make the assumption that Iran is hell bent on becoming a nuclear weapons power, but clearly it's a very fragile situation at the moment.
Chanda: Both North Korea and Iran seem to be guided by the belief that unless you have a nuclear weapon, nobody takes you seriously, and then, you have a sort of bargaining power, not necessarily deterrence power as a bargaining power with the nukes. Is that the case of Iran?
Evans: I think that's right for North Korea, but it is only a bargaining power so to the extent that the rest of the world and the region gives it security guarantees and gives it economic benefits, I still think there's a chance that they will put their nuclear weapons back in the box and denuclearize the peninsula.
In the case of Iran, I don't think at all we should assume that Iran has made that calculation. Iran knows that if it were to acquire even just one or two weapons of the kind that North Korea has done, that would be seen by Israel, its immediate neighbor, as a real existential threat. And the Iranians are much more concerned about the military consequences of that whereas the North Koreans, I think, thought that if they acquired some weapons, it was not a matter of them exposing themselves to attack. It was a matter of preventing attack. I think the Iranians know that they're in a very much more vulnerable position. I think they also know, the Iranians, that if they do cross this big red line and actually weaponize as distinct from having the breakout capability, if they do actually weaponize, I think the Iranians also know that they'll lose any kind of residual support from both Russia and China, and they'll be in a very, very vulnerable position as a result in the Security Council. Very, very serious sanctions can be expected to follow, if not military consequences.
I think the Iranians also know that if they do acquire nuclear weapons, there are other countries in the region like the Egyptians, possibly the Saudis, possibly the Syrians, possibly the Turks, who will find it very, very difficult to resist getting into the nuclear weapons game. That's the real proliferation risk; whereas in Northeast Asia because South Korea, because Japan, potential adversaries of North Korea, because they have the protection of the U.S. nuclear umbrella and the U.S. extended deterrence guarantee, there's always been a very, very strong discipline against proliferation in northeast Asia. We don't have those same dynamics operating in the Middle East. But the good news about that is that it is quite likely, I believe, to inhibit Iran from actually taking the step. I mean, Iran is doing an awful lot of chest beating at the moment. Iran is absolutely obsessed with issues of national pride and the way in which it was ignored by the west during the Iran/Iraq War. And I'm sure Iran wants to have a visible technical breakout capability, but that's not the same thing as to say that it's determined to have weapons.
Chanda: So, do you get the sense ... you have been talking to the leaders all over the world, especially after the report came out. Do you get the sense that the world is now coming to accept that they can live with a breakout capability of Iran as long as it doesn't actually assemble a weapon? And if that message has been conveyed to Iran, that you can actually have all the capability but don't make it?
Evans: Yeah. I think that message is now starting to get through from both the Europeans and the Americans. The trouble is it's been too long coming. The trouble was back ... this situation was really resolvable back in 2003 when Iran had very, very minimal centrifuge capability. That's to say the capability of making enriched uranium…
Chanda: Yeah.
Evans: ... the ingredient for a bomb – very, very limited capability. It suspended that as a result of maybe post Iraq War pressures and so on, and it made it clear that it was willing to continue that suspension provided that its right was acknowledged to produce a really limited amount of enrichment – enriched uranium. The rest, however – the rest of the world – said, "No, no, no. You've got to reverse course. You've got to go back to zero." And Iran, not totally unreasonably, said, "Well, it's our right under the Nonproliferation Treaty to do anything that's peaceful in character including making this stuff. And as long as we don't actually weaponize or make this stuff up to weapons grade, we're fully entitled to do it." So, we had a standoff. Iranian pride was at stake, and it wasn't very willing to negotiate.
Now I think we've moved beyond that point. Of course, in an ideal world the Iranians would renounce enrichment capability. They would internationalize it. They would just have nuclear energy facilities without the bomb starter kits that go with it, the enrichment facility. But we're not in an ideal world. We're past that point. And I think where we're heading is to a kind of standoff where the Iranians do have a breakout capability and maybe the capacity within 12 months or so to acquire weapons if they made that decision. And the rest of the world is prepared to live with that provided the Iranians accept very intrusive monitoring and inspections and verification to ensure that people have a rough idea that if they do move across that line, we'll know about it. I think that's the kind of solution we're all now groping our way towards.
Chanda: But if indeed Iran is motivated by the question of national honor and prestige, for them now to stop and say, "Okay. We allow you to inspect," wouldn't that be a climb-down for them?
Evans: Well, they have achieved an awful lot. They've ignored Security Council resolutions. They have ignored IAEA resolutions. They have shown their absolute determination to stare the rest of the world down, to thumb their nose at it, to demonstrate they had a right to enrich. So, I mean, that's what the argument has really all been about.
And if they have an acknowledged unequivocal right to enrich uranium, they've had a very big win. And I think it's just a matter of recognizing that and finding a way of expressing this.
There was a very interesting development in the last few months. Last October, I think the west, with Russia, in a very creative, new initiative offered to Iran that just as a sort of a temporary measure, a cooling off measure, we would accept that they had a right to have done what they did with enriched uranium. We would take it from them, process it, and put it into fuel rods in a form that could be used in Iran's own research reactors, and give it straight back to them. The advantage of this is that it bought time for everybody. The advantage for Iran was that it recognized that they had a right to enrich; nobody was challenging that. The advantage for the west, of course, was this great stock of enriched uranium, low enriched uranium, that is there at the moment, is taken out of play as possible weapons material. The very, very interesting thing is that Ahmadinejad actually wanted to accept this – Ahmadinejad, the guy who runs around the world saying crazy things and really upping the ante all the time, recently talking to Mugabe about, you know, doing everything possible to irritate and enrage. Ahmadinejad was prepared to accept it. Who made it impossible for him to accept? Now, the good guys, Mousavi, and the internal democrats that we are all applauding in the internal elections of the last year, who said to Ahmadinejad, "You are selling out the national interest." So, this is a very, very…
Chanda: Political power play came in…
Evans: It's a very, very, you know ... and we should not make any assumptions that there is somewhere in the core of the Iranian polity a group of people who want to move away completely from a nuclear program. The point is on all available evidence in all my conversations with many, many Iranians as well as others over the years, I am sure that this is a national pride thing. But I don't think that pride goes ... I think it's a misreading of the situation to say the pride demands actual weapons. The pride demands the demonstration of technological prowess. The pride demands staring down the western attempt to deny them that capability. So, with a bit of luck we will be able to manage this, but it's going to take very cool heads over the next few months. It's a very critical year.
Chanda: So, the sanction that has been built up now is kind of the stick and the carrot has already been offered.
Evans: I think the sanctions move by the United States is entirely defensible because you can't have people thumbing their nose at Security Council resolutions. You can't have states thumbing their nose at International Atomic Energy Agency resolutions saying, "You've got to explain better this evidence we have that in the past you've engaged in a weapons research program." You can't. I mean, the credibility of a rule-based international system, globalized current world, depends on institutions not being dealt with in that way. And I think the Russians very much understand that. I think the Chinese actually understand that, too. And while they don't want to have such a rough sanctions set of disciplines imposed on Iran that it will somehow operate to close the door on negotiations, I think they acknowledge that this can't go unaddressed. I mean, China is a country that's very concerned to ensure the continued credibility of in particular the Security Council. And this is part of the dynamic that works. I mean, the trick with Iran in the months ahead will be to make clear that the sanctions by the sanctions route and the Security Council ‑‑ that the world can't tolerate the way in which the Iranians have been playing the game so far, but at the same time keep that door open for negotiations on the basis that we've been talking about.
Chanda: Recently President Obama hosted this summit meeting in Washington regarding nuclear security. Now, apart from countries like Iran and North Korea, the nongovernmental entities getting their hands on nukes – how real that threat is?
Evans: It's a serious risk, not as serious as it was in the immediate post Cold War years when a huge amount of effort was put in by Senators Nunn and Lugar in the United States, with a lot of money being invested, a lot of cooperative support from Russia and the former Soviet Union countries, to reduce that risk in the world's most vulnerable area as it was, but there's still residual areas of problems. There are still research reactors all over the world working on the basis of highly enriched uranium, which is bomb equivalent material.
Chanda: Bomb making material, yeah.
Evans: ... in a way that's not properly secured with anything like the barbed wire fences. Many of these reactors are on university campuses. There might well be one here in Yale ... I'll need to check. But, I mean, there's this sort of stuff everywhere, and this is very vulnerable to theft or diversion.
Chanda: So, what can they do if there's still a little bit of fissile material? What can they do with that?
Evans: Well, a comparatively small amount can be engineered into a Hiroshima scale sized bomb, and we know the damage that could be done. You don't need, you know, an engineering plant with hundreds of people. You need maybe a team of 15 or 20 people. And as such, it's very vulnerable to security penetration, any such terrorist exercise of this kind, which is maybe why it hasn't happened so far.
But the basic engineering is not ... to produce the kind of device that could be ... you don't have to drop it from an airplane, either. You could put it in the back of a white van or, you know, small boat driven into New York harbor or something, and have a major, major, major nuclear explosion on our hands.
So, the threat is real. It wasn't hyped by President Obama, and it wasn't hyped by all those countries who assembled recently in Washington. And I think what is interesting is that there's been a huge measure of agreement about the need to address this problem of loose nuclear weapons, loose nuclear material. That's one of the few issues on this very large nonproliferation and disarmament agenda on which we can unequivocally, I think…
Chanda: With which everybody agrees.
Evans: …record a tick because there is buy-in to this.
Chanda: Yeah.
Evans: But on the basic issue of a really serious commitment by all the present nuclear arm states to disarmament on the issue of a willingness to actually strengthen the nonproliferation regime, there are still divisions. And I think the important thing for the period ahead, the important thing for the big May Nonproliferation Treaty Review Conference which is looking at all these issues – the important thing is that we adopt a genuinely globalized perspective on this. It's not as though disarmament is a south agenda. It's not as though nonproliferation is a north agenda issue. The truth is both disarmament and nonproliferation is in everybody's interest – they are global agendas, they are universal agendas. And we have to get that mindset going.
Chanda: So, give us in brief what are the main agenda items for the Nonproliferation Review Meeting that's going to take place.
Evans: Well, I think there are five. I mean, one, there has to be a strong statement on disarmament, a really strong commitment by all the weapons states that they've got an unequivocal commitment, however long it takes, to get to a zero weapon free world, to give away the weapons. And that's not going to be easy to get at.
Chanda: In fact, that was the original intention of NPT.
Evans: Well, there's a two-fold bargain. I mean, the weapons states had to, while their right to hang onto their weapons for the time being was acknowledged, they had to commit to get rid of them.
Chanda: Right.
Evans: What we are saying is now for this review conference, there has to be a much clearer articulation and more believable articulation of that commitment by France and all these other countries that are maybe not so clear.
Number two, there has to be agreement on strengthening the nonproliferation regime in the ways that we mentioned particularly so far as inspection, monitoring, and better ability to detect these breakout situations.
Three, we have to find a way forward on the question of a Middle East nuclear weapons or weapons of mass destruction free zone, which has been hanging around since '95 as an issue about which the nonaligned movement, the south countries, are very passionate that there's got to be forward movement. We're not going to see such a zone negotiated any time soon. I mean, Israel is not going to be in that business so long as they've got worries about Iran, at least. But if we can make credible steps forward, that's important. But finding words to accommodate these different perspectives is going to be very, very tricky.
A fourth issue relates to peaceful uses of nuclear energy. That's fine. There's plenty of agreement in principle about supporting that – new developments, new countries, going down that path, but finding a way of achieving this that doesn't make us vulnerable by new countries acquiring these enrichment facilities or reprocessing facilities which really are the precursors for weapon making capability. If we can just get to the stage where the necessary enrichment manufacturing is done on an internationalized basis, on a regional basis, on some sort of international fuel bank basis, that would be terrific. But that's a controversial issue because countries say, "Well, why should we be discriminated if we want to in the future do what a lot of countries are now doing themselves?" So, there's that issue.
And the final issue is nuclear security and an agreement on issues about counter terrorism and ensuring non….I don't think that will be controversial because the Obama Summit has cleared the way.
But when you look at the complexity of each one of those issue areas, reaching agreement is not going to be easy, but the atmosphere is better than five years ago. I mean, then we were in the immediate aftermath of the Iraq War. The Bush administration was a very different kettle of fish on these issues than the Obama administration.
Chanda: Right.
Evans: So, with a bit of luck we could manage it.
Chanda: But even with the administration change, how do you see the prospect of the Senate ratifying the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty that was signed by the U.S. but never ratified?
Evans: Well, there are many important issues that are out there which are going to be necessary to continue the momentum. It's not just a matter of getting agreement at this Nonproliferation Treaty Review Conference. It is a matter of ensuring that the U.S./Russia Treaty that we've talked about is in fact ratified by the U.S. Senate which needs 67 votes, which does mean Republicans joining to support this, which is going to be very difficult in the present political environment. So, there's a question mark about that, but it's fantastically important because without this treaty being bedded down, we've got no chance of moving to the next round and the next round and the next round of deep reductions that we need to really get that arsenal down.
Similarly, with the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, at the moment that's not formally enforced. There is a worldwide voluntary moratorium against testing which everybody has agreed to. But there are still nine countries that have to sign and ratify the treaty before it comes into force. The U.S. is one of them. President Obama made a very strong commitment last year to crash through that barrier. He's tried, but again the Senate is creating real difficulties. The numbers are just not there at the moment.
Chanda: So, is it ...
Evans: So, it's a very ...
Chanda: If the U.S. Senate ratifies, then do you think the other eight will fall in line?
Evans: I certainly think that China will fall in line. I believe that India will fall in line. I think that in turn will place a lot of pressure on Pakistan to follow suit. Then it becomes the Middle East group. We've got to get Egypt, which is a bit cantankerous on these issues, Israel, but other countries as well ...
Chanda: Yes.
Evans: ... Iran in particular.
Chanda: Yes.
Evans: I mean, Iran's got to clearly do this. And that's going to be very tricky. But I think the truth of the matter is, if the U.S. does actually break this – this barrier – and it's very difficult because the U.S. is not very good at ratifying treaties. It took 40 years to ratify the Genocide Convention, for goodness sake.
Chanda: And then, look at what happened to the Kyoto Protocol.
Evans: The law of the sea is still not ratified.
Chanda: Yes.
Evans: Issue after issue after issue, and the U.S. is not very good at adopting a global perspective on these issues. But I think the important thing is that we have with this current administration, without being partisan about it, for the first time in a very long time the U.S. administration which is genuinely at the top passionately committed to ultimately achieving a nuclear weapons free world. And the need now internationally is to sustain that momentum, 2010 is really a critical watershed year. In our report we talk about the short term period being to 2012 after traveling to nearly 25 countries in the last three or four months since the report was released. I think actually we don't have until 2012 to get to the short term benchmarks.
I think this year, 2010, is really critical. And the most critical things are to have a successful outcome of the Nonproliferation Treaty Review Conference and to have that ratification of the U.S./Russian Treaty, a lot of other issues as well, and of course to keep the situations in Korea and in Iran contained and hopefully resolved. If we can get through the year with those achievements, I think we can sustain the momentum towards a nuclear weapons free world. If we go backwards on those issues this year, I think there's every horrible chance we'll move back into the sleepwalk that the world has been in for over a decade, and which is a very dangerous place to be because as we began by saying, the risks that are out there, the combination of the existing weapons, possible misuse, new countries coming into the game, terrorists, non‑state actors, and the risks associated with peaceful uses of nuclear energy if new countries acquire these enrichment and other facility. When you add all those risks together plus the risk of sophisticated cyber warfare, misinformation, we just can't continue with the status quo. And my worry is, and my commission's worry is, that unless we make some big steps forward this year in the way we've described, we are going to be looking at a very, very difficult period ahead.
Chanda: And let's hope we don't get there. Well, Gareth Evans, thank you very much for speaking with us.
Evans: Thank you, Nayan – appreciate it.
nuclear weapons are damaging our human and animal habbitat and are being used incorrectly being remade by russian by the way not hateing on russians just saying we need to get rid of nuclear weapons are destroying life and nature we need to put a stop to this