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Looking for an online Italian course? Take Skype lessons with native Italian tutors and teachers from any place in the world. Our Italian teachers can help you to become fluent in communication, pronunciation and conversation but we also help you to prepare for official Italian language proficiency tests. We can help you with exam preparation for CILS (Certificazione di Italiano come Lingua Straniera), STAMP tests, CELI, PLIDA or any other test! Get lessons for all CEFR levels (beginner A1-A2, intermediate B1-B2 and advanced C1-C2). Find a teacher now and improve your speaking, reading, listening and writing skills!
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I'm a certified Italian teacher based in my hometown Florence. I spent my childhood in a small village in the Chianti countryside and I always... loved to explore curious aspects of different languages. I studied Arabic, English, French and Spanish and I like to help students with practical insights into Italian language to better fix the structures and improve pronunciation, grammar and conversation. After my studies (master degree in teaching Italian as a second language + CEDILS certificate - teaching Italian to foreign students), I taught in different contexts and countries (IIC of Beirut, private schools in Prague, companies in Malta and Florence and to many many private students!). I try each time to adapt to every student's needs, with mainly one goal: making every student enthusiastic about the learning process and more and more confident. I use a communicative approach and I can offer classes of Italian languages, cinema, culture, gestures, focuses on grammar, conversation, etc. A presto! Olivia Read more
Me as a Teacher I am a Serbian native speaker and a language teacher. I have been teaching online for 5 years. I live in Belgrade. I've been... teaching online for 5 years (officially). I love teaching because it's a dynamic and an interesting job. You can teach your students and you can learn from them as well. The happiness and joy of the student + their progresses with their target language = my biggest prize (so my students are the ones who motivate me to work better)and I try to combine: a bit of reading, a bit of writing, a bit of conversation, a bit of grammar and a bit of listening by using different resources. About Me My favorite topics are: 1. Travelling , 2. Foreign languages, 3. TV programs, 4. Films and TV series, 5. Culture, 6. sport, 7. IT, 8. Science My hobbies are: learning foreign languages, horse- riding, reading, travelling, ... I am open-minded, flexible and very positive. If you come up with something interesting to talk about, please, don't hesitate to suggest me and I'll gladly discuss with you about that. I visited: Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Slovakia and Slovenia. My Lessons & Teaching Style Firstly, I test the level of the target language... I have two parts: 1) Conversational part (here I check their vocabulary and their fluency + I find out their language goals and their needs) 2) Writing part (with that I focus much more on grammar and spelling) For each part, I take notes (I have my notebook for that). Secondly, I personalize my lessons to their goals and needs. I can cover a lot of topics: business, travelling, culture, etc. My Teaching Material Text Documents Audio Recordings Images and Visuals Video News Articles and Magazines Quizzes Example Test Templates Graphs and Charts Homework Assignments PowerPoint Presentations Read more
Hello! My name is Deborah! I am a language instructor. I teach Italian, English and Bulgarian. I have more than 10 years teaching... experience, both face-to-face and online to individual as well as to small and large groups. At the moment I am teaching Italian in a private school in Sofia, Bulgaria- where I lived for more than 10 years. I teach English to students ready to move to English speaking countries for work, and to students who need Еnglish for their career. I also prepare students for exams (KET, PET, FCE, CAE, CPE), and I offer language courses for communication and travelling purposes. I attended the College (tourism) in Lucca-Italy. I have a diploma in Secretarial and Business Administration from the South Kensington and Chelsea Collage in London- (I lived in London few years ago). I have a TEFL certificate -grade A. and an ECL certificate in Bulgarian C1 with 96/100. Therefore, I have a good knowledge of how languages work and I can provide my students with helpful insight. Teaching is my passion, and I am constantly in search for new methods to help my students to get through the challenges and the difficults when learning a new language. I am an enthusiastic, dedicated and adaptable teacher. I always use the communicative method in my teaching and I try to make my students feel comfortable by creating a funny and relaxed environment. I hope to see you soon in one of my classes! Read more
Hi! I've been teaching Dutch, Spanish and Italian for many years, in The Netherlands, for private institutes, for the integration of foreigners... into society, and online from Italy, where I currently live. Today I can also help you with English! I will help you, in a simple but effective way, to learn your favorite language(s). By focusing on conversation, I will help you in becoming confident with the language so that you will learn it faster. Learning a foreign language is not a matter of doing much effort, but rather of being consistent, enjoying the lessons and allowing your intuition to work with you. You will book immediate results while having fun! I offer you general language courses Italian (A1-C2), Dutch (A1-C1) as well as courses "Basisinburgering" "Inburgeringsexamen A1 and A2", Spanish (A1-C1), and English (A1-A2). So if you want to learn a language or improve the one you already speak, whether it is for work, to move abroad or just because you love languages, contact me for a free trial and let me know how I can help you. I'm looking forward to meeting you! Read more
Hi! I am Donatella, I'm Italian and I have been living in Vienna since 2009. I teach Italian and German as a foreign language. I really... like teaching and I enjoy it! Every day I have the great chance to work together with people with different ages, backgroung and learning goals. Thanks to my job I can broaden and deepen my knowledge and skills and of course meet people from all over the world. Foreign languages represent my first interest, as a learner too. After having experienced a distance learning course I find the e-learning a personal, specific and practical method to learn, improve or polish up a foreign language! I would be glad to hear from you! Read more
Hello Everybody My name is Luisa and I teach Italian for foreign students, English, French and German for Italian students Since... 1994, I have dedicated myself to translating and teaching thanks to my travels, abroad studies, foreign reading and writing. I provide fun and customized lessons based on the student's goals. I also triy to minimize English speaking during the lessons. I give homework exercises, and my lessons are intermixed with grammar, conversation, customs and traditions. My goal is to make certain that each student finds learning Italian exciting. I am available for any explanations also via e mail Read more
Hello,I would love to help you improve your knowledge of English.I adapt the lessons following your wishes : are you a beginner and need to get... some basic knowledge with grammar and easy texts or do you want to improve your conversation skills. I can help you either way.Looking forward to meeting you ! Read more
Hi everyone! My name is Daniela and I am a qualified Italian language teacher! I teach Italian and English at school, and Spanish and... French as a freelancer. I love foreign languages, translating, reading and listening to music. Are you ready to start your language learning path with me? We are going to learn many things and to talk a lot! Don't worry if you've never studied the language before: everyone can attend my classes – from beginner to advanced students. You just need passion for what you're going to do and... a good Internet connection. Materials are provided by me! See you online! Read more
My interest in learning foreign languages has arisen since I was a young girl. At 13 I made up my mind to attend the foreign language high... school where I graduaded with proficiency. After a few years I got my University degree. I have been teaching for a few years privately via Skype Italian mainly to German adult students. My method is based to consolidate the grammar knowledge if previuosly done or to base it by catching their attention on interesting topics. I provide my students all material needed to plan a valuable lesson and for this reason I have gathered fulfilling reviews on other teaching platforms About Italian students studying German with me, most of them are interested in deeping topics dealt at school or being prepared to get a certification. I look forward to hearing from you Maria Grazia Read more
I am a private teacher in English, German and Italian. I am a Master's graduate in Translation and Interpreting at the University of Genoa,... Italy. I am Italian native speaker. I know English and German at C2 level and Russian at B2 level. I have been studying English for the last 15 years, first at school and then at the university and I have improved it on my frequent stays abroad. I have now been teaching English for 4 years, first to school children and teenagers and now adults too. I have experience teaching online and at home. I also have taught group classes. Being fluent in several languages allows me to give students further explainations in their native language when needed. This also allows me to put myself in my students' shoes and understand better their difficulties. I try to meet the student's personal needs and objectives rather than impose my standard class. During my classes I focus on the active skills of language, speaking and writing. I often ask students to do presentations so they practice writing and speaking at once. I strongly encourage self-studying along with frontal teaching in order to considerably shorten learning time. Homework is for me as important as frontal classes. If needed, I can provide students with textbooks and online material such as videos, news, songs and textes. Read more
Hi everyone, I am Andrea and I am an Italian student of languages! I studied Arabic and English at university, but I have had the... possibility to learn Spanish as well, which is for me like a second native tongue. I offer Italian private lessons for any level and Spanish lessons for beginning and intermediate level. I have had experience in teaching though my internship experience in coLanguage, but also before doing some private lessons during the last year. For me languages are much more than a way to communicate with someone else. Also, I think that my passion in this field helps me to transmit to the students the desire to keep studying and learning amazing languages like Italian and Spanish. Read more
I'm a Italian/German bilingual teacher form Florence! I offer lessons for beginners as well as for advanced speakers. I carry out different... kinds of lessons: I could help you for example to prepare for a test, for your trip to Italy or for more advanced needs. The lessons are focused on improving listening/comprehension skills as well as reading, writing, speaking and grammar. If you want to know more about my methods, just book a trial lesson! It's free! I hope to see you soon! Read more
Hello my name is Lucia and I am a native Italian speaker. I have a degree as an interpreter for English and French so I know how hard it may be... to learn a foreign language. I work as a free-lance interpreter and private English and French teacher. I have a strong passion for languages which I have been studying for many years. I am studying Spanish now and always trying to improve my English and French knowledge. I am a friendly person and my lessons mainly focus on conversation. As a teacher I am very patient and I always propose tailor-made lessons with respect to your needs. I am really enthusiastic about being a teacher because this activity allows you to share your culture and habits with foreign people. Learning a language is also learning a new culture. Read more
Hi! I'm an Italian English teacher and I offer Italian and French language and culture lessons of any kind of level, to adults and children. I... speak Italian, English, French and a little bit of German and Arabic. I prefer interactive lessons rather than formal ones, but I always decide learning objectives and materials with my students. Don't hesitate to contact me! Read more
Hello, how are you? My name is Federica and I am a Spanish and Italian teacher. I would be delighted to help you to learn Spanish or Italian or... both languages. You can chose the schedule you prefer. I am flexible person, so you can write me if you need lessons in another time. You can learn grammar and you can take Italian or Spanish conversation. I personalise my lessons according to students needs and tastes. Why not book a free trial with me? We can find out the right method to teach you. Read more
Hello everyone! My name is Ermanno, I am 35 years old, and I am a Italian native speaker. I got Master Degree in Law in 2010. In the... last 6 years I have worked with languages, as a tour guide in Spain and Ireland and as a student support in a English Academy in Dublin. Also, I've been teaching Italian giving private classes to students and refugees for over ten years. I speak English (level c1) and Spanish (level c2) well enough to explain something to you in one of those languages just in case you need. We can also have some spanish or english classes if you are starting to get into the language and you want to improve your language skills. I will guide and support you through your learning adventure! Are you ready for that? -What I offer- We will spend the full hour talking in Italian about topics of our interest (sports, arts, traveling, culture, food, relations..) and I will make you speak as much as you can. WHY IS IT SO IMPORTANT YOU SPEAK AS MUCH YOU CAN? Because our brain need some time to make us fluent and to feel confident speaking in another language. So, I will take note of any mistake you make during the class and we will analyze those mistakes at the end of the class in order to offer you more chances to broaden your vocabulary. Furthermore, I consider creativity is an essential aspect of speaking. It makes the class much more interesting and inspiring. For that reason I encourage my students to use their creativity and to express themselves with no filter.Ci vediamo presto! L'Italiano ti aspetta! Read more
Hi, welcome to my profile! My name is Alessia and I currently live in Italy. I lived some years in America where I deepened my knowledge of... English and American dialects. I am currently specializing in the Spanish and German. In all these years I have given private lessons of Italian, English, Spanish and Japanese, at the moment the most required language. Regarding Japanese, I had the opportunity to experience the teaching of the language in an American College with a native Japanese teacher, implementing the method that they themselves use to learn their language. I will help you in a simple way; conversation is really important to learn a language and even more a good method. No days spent on textbooks are needed, constancy and fun during lessons are the most important part for learning. You will see the results immediately! I am patient, flexible and I will adapt in all ways to your personal needs. I'll wait for you on my profile for the trial lesson and discover an easy and fun method to learn a language as soon as possible. Read more
Italian is my mother tongue.I carry out different kind of lessons, aimed at those who want to live in Italy or travel; but also for... students (or PhD or Teachers) who need to learn italian to read and speak fluently (to read original manuscript, to speak at conferences, seminars etc). Read more
Hello, my name is Francesca. I am qualified Italian teacher. I love teaching and my lessons are always tailored on your goals. During the... first lesson, we will identify what you want to learn or to improve and I will design your lessons. My approach is largely conversational: that is role-plays, informal conversation or other activites to help you. I welcome beginners right up to proficient speakers. Read more
Hello, I'm Cristina, I'm Italo-German and for my big luck I've grown completely billingually! I'm teaching for almost 20 years... with a great passion my beloved mothertongues German and Italian! Would you like to repeat the grammar, to improve your language knowlegdes in stimulating conversations or to prepare yourself for an exam - I support you with pleasure! Or would you simply like to do the first steps into these beautiful languages - I hold you by the hand! Do you have questions? Contact me and I'll answer them all with pleasure! See you soon! Your Cristina Read more


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Florist Delivered Plants
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Order blooming, green, plants delivered by your local FTD® Florist. Same day delivery available for orders placed as late as 2 p.m. in the recipient's time zone Monday through Friday (earlier times may apply to some areas). Saturday and Sunday deliveries are available in some areas for orders placed by 1 p.m. in the recipient's time zone. *Saturday, Sunday and holiday cutoff times may vary.
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Elevate your business
Learn about the 15 costs
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meat processing business.
The process engineering principal of the IMAX Technology is based on the classical brine injection using hollow needles. The brine or emulsion to be injected is transported through a pump and pipe system directly in to the product. Besides boneless also bone-in meat/chicken/fi sh can be injected.
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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is expressed by many primary sensory neurons that no longer require neurotrophins for survival, indicating that BDNF may be used as a signaling molecule by the afferents themselves. Because many primary afferents also express glutamate, we investigated the possibility that BDNF modulates glutamatergic AMPA responses of newborn second-order sensory relay neurons. Perforated-patch, voltage-clamp recordings were made from dissociated neurons of the brainstem nucleus tractus solitarius (nTS), a region that receives massive primary afferent input from BDNF-containing neurons in the nodose and petrosal cranial sensory ganglia. Electrophysiological analysis was combined in some experiments with anterograde labeling of primary afferent terminals to specifically analyze responses of identified second-order neurons. Our data demonstrate that BDNF strongly inhibits AMPA-mediated currents in a large subset of nTS cells. Specifically, AMPA responses were either completely abolished or markedly inhibited by BDNF in 73% of postnatal day (P0) cells and in 82% of identified P5 second-order sensory relay neurons. This effect of BDNF is mimicked by NT-4, but not NGF, and blocked by the Trk tyrosine kinase inhibitor K252a, consistent with a requirement for TrkB receptor activation. Moreover, analysis of TrkB expression in culture revealed a close correlation between the percentage of nTS neurons in which BDNF inhibits AMPA currents and the percentage of neurons that exhibit TrkB immunoreactivity. These data document a previously undefined mechanism of acute modulation of AMPA responses by BDNF and indicate that BDNF may regulate glutamatergic transmission at primary afferent synapses.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) acts as a target-derived survival factor for subsets of developing primary sensory neurons (Hallbook and Fritzsch, 1997; Brady et al., 1999; Fritzsch et al., 1999). In addition, however, many primary sensory neurons themselves express and can release BDNF, even when they are no longer dependent on BDNF for survival (Schecterson and Bothwell, 1992; Wetmore and Olson, 1995; Apfel et al., 1996; Zhou et al., 1998; Brady et al., 1999). This finding raises the possibility that BDNF plays additional roles in sensory pathway development or function, including a role in afferent synaptic transmission. In support of this possibility, a subset of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons transports BDNF in their projections to the spinal cord (Zhou and Rush, 1996; Tonra, 1999), and BDNF is localized to dense-core vesicles within DRG central axon terminals (Michael et al., 1997). In addition, Kerr et al. (1999) demonstrated that BDNF can potentiate nociceptive spinal reflexes, most likely by enhancing NMDA receptor-mediated responses. Moreover, studies in other neural systems have shown that BDNF can acutely regulate synaptic transmission and neuronal activity. For example, BDNF application increases the frequency of EPSCs at the neuromuscular junction (Lohof et al., 1993) and in cultured hippocampal neurons (Lessmann et al., 1994;Levine et al., 1995, 1996) as well as excitability of cortical (Rutherford et al., 1997), hippocampal–entorhinal (Scharfman, 1997), and spinal motoneurons (Gonzalez and Collins, 1997). In addition, BDNF induces a long-lasting increase in synaptic transmission in hippocampal slices from adult rat (Kang and Schuman, 1995a) and facilitates induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP;Figurov et al., 1996). BDNF knock-out mice have a deficit in basal synaptic transmission, as well as LTP (Korte et al., 1995), both of which can be reversed by exogenous BDNF (Patterson et al., 1996). These data, coupled with findings that BDNF synthesis and release are activity-dependent (Castrén et al., 1992; Bozzi et al., 1995;Thoenen, 1995; McAllister et al., 1997), support the view that BDNF can act acutely as a synaptic neuromodulator.
BDNF-containing primary sensory neurons are most abundant in cranial sensory ganglia, including the nodose-petrosal ganglion (NPG) of the vagal and glossopharyngeal nerves (Brady et al., 1999). These neurons convey visceral sensory information and project centrally to the brainstem nucleus tractus solitarius (nTS), which expresses high levels of the BDNF receptor TrkB (Yan et al., 1997). The major transmitter of NPG sensory neurons is l-glutamate (Andresen and Yang, 1990; Ambalavanar et al., 1998; Smith et al., 1998; Zhang and Mifflin, 1998; Botsford et al., 1999), raising the possibility that BDNF modulates glutamatergic transmission between primary afferents and second-order neurons in nTS. The present study was designed to test this possibility using voltage-clamp recording from identified second-order nTS neurons. We focused in particular on interactions between BDNF and the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors, which mediates fast excitatory neurotransmission (Ozawa et al., 1998). Our data demonstrate that BDNF, acting through the TrkB receptor, strongly inhibits AMPA responses in second-order sensory relay neurons.
Cell preparation. Newborn rats (Sprague Dawley strain; Zivic-Miller, Zelienople, PA) were killed by exposure to carbon dioxide and decapitated. Blocks of tissue were isolated from the nucleus tractus solitarius (nTS) at the level of the obex of the fourth ventricle. The tissue was subdivided into several smaller pieces and dissociated by gentle trituration through glass Pasteur pipettes of successively smaller tip diameters. The cells were plated on poly-d-lysine-treated coverslips and grown for 24 hr in DMEM–F12 medium (Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, MD) with 10% fetal bovine serum (HyClone, Logan, UT). The analyzed cells were selected based on morphological criteria characteristic of second-order relay neurons, i.e., round or oval bipolar cells, 10–20 μm in diameter, with thin processes (Fig. 4B, large arrow; see also Mendelowitz et al., 1992).
Dye labeling. We used a modification of the technique previously described by Mendelowitz and colleagues (1992) to label presynaptic boutons on second-order nTS neurons. Briefly, newborn [postnatal day 0 (P0)] rats were anesthetized by hypothermia combined with local application of Lidocaine HCl (Abbott Laboratories). Both vagal nerves were exposed in the neck by a ventral midline excision and isolated from surrounding tissues with Parafilm "M" (Fisher Scientific, Houston, TX). Small crystals of the anterograde tracer 4-(4-(didecylamino)styryl)-N-methyl-pyridinium iodide (DiA) (4-Di-10-ASP; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) were placed on the isolated intact nerves at the level of the carotid bifurcation and caudal to the nodose ganglion. To prevent dye leakage to surrounding tissues, the region was isolated with a fast hardening silicone elastomer (Kwik-Sil; World Precision Instruments). The animals were then sutured and allowed to recover for 5–9 d. All experiments were performed in compliance with the guidelines of the Case Western Reserve University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. nTS neurons were prepared essentially as described above for P0 animals, except that the cells were dissociated and plated in the presence of reduced calcium (0.2 mm; Mendelowitz et al., 1992). Recordings from labeled P5/P9 neurons began 6–8 hr after dissociation, and the second-order sensory neurons were identified by the presence of fluorescing boutons attached to the soma. Only brief exposure to UV light, not exceeding 10–20 sec, was used to identify labeled neurons.
Electrophysiology. The neurons were studied using the amphotericin perforated-patch recording technique in voltage-clamp mode (Hamill et al., 1981; Rae et al., 1991). The extracellular solution contained (in mm): NaCl 137, KCl 5.4, MgCl2 1, CaCl2 2, glucose 10, and HEPES 10. In experiments in which voltage-activated calcium channels were blocked, the CaCl2 concentration was decreased to 0.02 mm, and 0.5 mm cadmium succinate was added. The pipette solution contained (in mm): NaCl 10, KCl 50, K2SO4 50, MgCl2 5, and HEPES 10. Recordings were performed in room temperature with patch pipettes pulled from 7052 glass and fire-polished to a final resistance of 3–5 MΩ, using an Axopatch-200A (Axon Instruments, Foster City, CA) patch-clamp amplifier. The membrane potential was held at −60 mV. Signals were filtered at 2 kHz, digitized on-line at a sampling rate of 10 kHz, and stored for later computer analysis using pClamp version 5.7 software (Axon Instruments).
BDNF and NT-4 were generously provided by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (Tarrytown, NY), and NGF was provided by Dr. Kenneth Neet (Chicago Medical School). All other reagents were purchased: AMPA (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), K252a and K252b (Calbiochem, La Jolla, CA). All drugs were diluted in the extracellular solution and applied to the cell using a multibarrel pipette and a rapid, gravity-driven perfusion system (a modification of the U-tube design; Murase et al., 1989). K252a and K252b were initially dissolved in DMSO at 2 mm; the final concentration of DMSO in the working solutions, 0.01%, has no effect on neuronal function (Kang and Schuman, 1995b).
TrkB immunocytochemistry. Cultures grown as described above for 24 or 72 hr, and tissue sections, were stained as previously described (Brady et al., 1999) using chicken polyclonal anti-TrkB (Promega, Madison, WI) and donkey anti-chicken biotinylated IgG (Accurate Chemicals, Westbury, NY). Control slides, in which primary antibody was omitted, were completely devoid of staining. Because the percentage of TrkB-positive neurons was not different in 24 and 72 hr nTS cultures, the data were pooled.
Confocal microscopy. Images of labeled second-order nTS neurons were taken with a Zeiss LSM 410 confocal laser microscope (Zeiss, Göttingen, Germany), using an argon–krypton laser (excitation line 488) and a 100× Plan-Neofluar, numerical aperture 1.3, oil objective.
Statistical analysis. Data were analyzed by integrating, for each neuron, the AMPA-evoked current under control conditions and during drug application, using Clampfit version 6.0 software (Axon Instruments). Data are presented as mean ± SEM and were analyzed by ANOVA for repeated measures followed by Duncan's multiple comparison procedure. p < 0.05 was considered significant.
To assess the effects of BDNF on postsynaptic AMPA responses in dissociated nTS neurons, we recorded currents evoked by a 2 sec pulse application of AMPA (150 μm), a selective agonist of the AMPA subtype of glutamatergic receptors, in the absence and presence of 50 ng/ml BDNF, using the perforated-patch technique (Materials and Methods). Studies were performed on 113 P0 neurons, selected on the basis of morphological criteria characteristic of second-order relay cells (Materials and Methods), and on 11 P5/P9 nTS neurons specifically identified as second-order relay neurons by dye labeling of presynaptic boutons (Materials and Methods). In both unlabeled and labeled cells, application of AMPA alone activated a rapidly decaying inward current followed by a prolonged component of lower amplitude (Fig.1A). AMPA-evoked currents were completely blocked by CNQX (20 μm, n = 12), a competitive antagonist of non-NMDA receptors.
The effects of BDNF were analyzed using an experimental paradigm in which, after two or three control applications of AMPA, 50 ng/ml BDNF was applied to the extracellular solution for 1 min, followed by BDNF plus AMPA for 2 sec. The simultaneous application of AMPA and BDNF was repeated twice in 1 min intervals during which 50 ng/ml BDNF was continuously present in the extracellular solution. Following the test applications of AMPA and BDNF, the extracellular solution containing BDNF was replaced with control solution, and 1 min later, AMPA was applied alone (recovery; Fig. 1A). The BDNF concentration of 50 ng/ml was chosen based on previous studies of acute BDNF effects on neuronal function in culture (Lessmann et al., 1994;Levine et al., 1995; Song et al., 1998).
In unlabeled, P0 nTS neurons, AMPA responses were either completely abolished (27 cells, 24%) or inhibited (55 cells, 49%) by BDNF. An AMPA response was considered inhibited by BDNF if, in the presence of BDNF, it fell below the distribution of control AMPA responses, i.e., it was <75% of control current (see Fig. 1B for details). The distribution analysis of BDNF effects on AMPA responses in the entire population of 113 P0 nTS neurons tested, expressed as a percent of control, revealed three subpopulations: (1) 0–5%, corresponding to complete blockade of AMPA currents, (2) 5–75%, corresponding to partial inhibition of AMPA responses, and (3) 75–125%, representing a neuronal population not affected by BDNF and matching the distribution of control AMPA responses (Fig.1B). This result suggests that there are three distinct subpopulations of nTS neurons with respect to the effects of BDNF on AMPA responses. However, because we were not able to identify any additional independent feature distinguishing the two subpopulations of cells in which AMPA responses were affected by BDNF, such as cell size or the magnitude of the control AMPA responses, these two groups were combined for further analysis.
In the subpopulation of P0 nTS neurons affected by BDNF, AMPA responses were inhibited on average by 67.9 ± 5.5% (n = 82, p < 0.001) during the first BDNF application. Two subsequent applications of AMPA in the presence of BDNF showed a similar degree of inhibition (68.3 ± 5.6% and 67.8 ± 5.5%, respectively; Fig. 2). This demonstrates that the maximum BDNF effect is already reached during the first minute of application and persists in the continued presence of BDNF.
To rule out the possibility that BDNF acts presynaptically, e.g., by stimulating release of an inhibitory transmitter from adherent synaptic boutons (Drewe et al., 1988), we tested the effect of blocking voltage-activated calcium channels (0.5 mmCd2+, 0.02 mmCa2+) on BDNF inhibition of AMPA currents. In 7 of the 11 P0 nTS neurons tested, AMPA responses were either completely abolished (n = 3) or markedly inhibited (49.9 ± 13.16% of control, n = 4,p = 0.019) by BDNF, paralleling results obtained in normal calcium-containing medium. The persistence of BDNF inhibition of AMPA responses in the absence of calcium influx indicates a direct effect, not requiring calcium-mediated transmitter release from either presynaptic terminals or the nTS neurons themselves. In addition, application of BDNF alone was not accompanied by any significant or consistent change in the input resistance (mean percentage of baseline: 95.62 ± 7.96, n = 10, p > 0.05), indicating that the intrinsic membrane properties of the cells were not affected by BDNF.
To specifically identify second-order sensory relay neurons (defined as nTS cells that receive primary afferent input), primary afferents were prelabeled in newborn animals with the anterograde tracer DiA (Materials and Methods). Five to nine days later the nTS region was dissociated, and second-order sensory neurons were identified by the presence of fluorescent presynaptic boutons (Fig.3A). In 9 of the 11 identified neurons tested, AMPA responses were either completely abolished (two neurons) or markedly inhibited (seven neurons) by BDNF. On average, there was 76.4 ± 5.2% inhibition of AMPA currents by BDNF (n = 9, p < 0.01; Fig. 3B). The results obtained from identified second-order nTS neurons were virtually identical to those obtained in unlabeled P0 nTS cells (Fig.3C), indicating that the population of P0 neurons tested was representative of the population of relay neurons. Therefore, unlabeled P0 cells were used for further analysis.
Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated that a subset of nTS neurons expresses the BDNF receptor TrkB in vivo (Fig.4A) and in dissociate culture (Fig. 4B). To determine whether the percentage of TrkB-positive nTS neurons correlated with the percentage of neurons in which BDNF inhibited AMPA currents, detailed analysis of TrkB staining was performed on a population of cultured nTS neurons selected according to the same morphological criteria used in our electrophysiological studies. This analysis revealed that 83% (76 of 92) of P0 cells and 78% (57 of 73) of P5 cells were TrkB-positive, findings that closely match the percentage of cells in which BDNF inhibited AMPA responses at both ages (74%, P0; 82%, P5). Therefore, to directly examine the role of TrkB activation in BDNF inhibition of AMPA currents, we analyzed the effect of the Trk tyrosine kinase inhibitor K252a. Eight P0 nTS neurons in which AMPA responses were either abolished (n = 3) or partially blocked (n = 5) by BDNF were tested for the effects of K252a. Following control applications of AMPA and AMPA plus BDNF (as described above; Fig. 4C, control), the cells were superfused with 200 nm K252a for 12–15 min, after which application of AMPA and AMPA plus BDNF was repeated as before (Fig.4C, K252a). Following K252a treatment, BDNF had no effect on AMPA responses (Fig. 4D), consistent with the hypothesis that BDNF inhibition of AMPA currents requires Trk receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Because K252a inhibits Trk receptor tyrosine kinases preferentially, but not with absolute specificity, we also tested the effect of K252b, a structural analog of K252a that is characterized by a markedly lower potency for Trk receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition (Kang and Schuman, 1995b). We tested four cells in which BDNF completely abolished AMPA responses under control conditions. Using the same experimental protocol that was used for K252a, 200 nm K252b was ineffective at inhibiting the effect of BDNF on AMPA responses (Fig. 4E). To further define the specificity of BDNF action on AMPA responses, we also examined the effect of NT-4, the other known TrkB receptor ligand (Ip et al., 1992; Klein et al., 1992), as well as NGF, which acts through the TrkA receptor. In 22 nTS neurons in which BDNF inhibited AMPA responses, NT-4 (50 ng/ml) completely mimicked the effect of BDNF (Fig. 5A). In contrast, NGF (50 ng/ml) had no detectable effect on AMPA responses in 12 neurons in which BDNF either partially or completely inhibited AMPA currents (Fig.5B). Together, these results strongly indicate that BDNF inhibition of AMPA responses is mediated through TrkB receptor activation.
The present study demonstrates that BDNF markedly inhibits AMPA receptor-mediated currents in a large subset of newborn nTS neurons, including identified second-order sensory relay cells. This effect of BDNF was mimicked by NT-4, but not NGF, and blocked by the Trk tyrosine kinase inhibitor K252a, consistent with a requirement for TrkB receptor activation.
Most studies on the acute neuromodulatory effects of neurotrophins at central synapses have focused on NMDA responses and demonstrated enhanced glutamatergic transmission in the presence of BDNF (Lessmann et al., 1994; Kang and Schuman, 1995a; Lessmann and Heumann, 1998;Levine et al., 1998). In contrast, our data indicate that AMPA responses are strongly inhibited by BDNF. Previous studies have hinted at an inhibitory action of BDNF on central neurons. Lessmann et al. (1994) reported a reversible inhibition of evoked synaptic currents in 15% of hippocampal cells after application of BDNF or NT-4. Similarly, BDNF and NT-4 depressed glutamatergic synaptic transmission in 10% of cultured hippocampal neurons (Lessmann and Heumann, 1998). Exogenous BDNF has also been shown to acutely suppress spontaneous synaptic activity in hippocampal cultures via non-NMDA receptors and to increase activity through NMDA receptors (Song et al., 1998). Thus, we consider it likely that BDNF inhibition of AMPA responses is a general phenomenon and not restricted to sensory relay cells in nTS.
Several lines of evidence indicate that BDNF inhibition of AMPA responses is mediated by activation of TrkB receptors. First, BDNF action was mimicked, in the same cells, by NT-4, also a TrkB ligand, but not by NGF, which acts through TrkA (Chao, 1992; Barbacid, 1994). Second, the effect of BDNF was blocked by K252a, a Trk receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (Berg et al., 1992; Nye et al., 1992), but not by the relatively inactive isoform K252b (Kang and Schuman, 1995b;Ross et al., 1995). These findings argue strongly against other potential mechanisms, such as competitive inhibition between BDNF and AMPA at the AMPA-binding site. Moreover, we observed a close correlation between the percentage of nTS neurons in which BDNF inhibited AMPA currents and the percentage of neurons exhibiting TrkB immunoreactivity in culture.
Kafitz and colleagues (1999) recently described a rapid activation of sodium currents by BDNF that is also TrkB-mediated and blocked by K252a. These authors postulate that the rapidity of this response and its sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibition may reflect a direct interaction between sodium channels and a pool of already phosphorylated TrkB receptors, a pool that would turn over during the period of pretreatment with K252a. We speculate that a similar mechanism, in which phosphorylated TrkB receptors interact directly with AMPA receptors, may underlie the rapid inhibition of AMPA currents by BDNF described here.
Neuronal activity can regulate the accumulation of AMPA receptors at synapses by rapid membrane trafficking (Lissin et al., 1999) and by regulating the turnover of postsynaptic AMPA receptors (O'Brien et al., 1998), leading to changes in EPSC amplitude. Lissin et al. (1999)demonstrated that the number of AMPA receptor GluR1 subunits can be regulated very rapidly by membrane trafficking and, within minutes, lead to pronounced changes in synaptic efficacy. Therefore, one possible mechanism underlying acute inhibition of AMPA currents by BDNF is a rapid change in the number of available AMPA receptors. Alternatively, TrkB activation could lead to a change in AMPA receptor function without altering receptor availability. BDNF has been shown to rapidly increase phosphorylation of the postsynaptic NMDA receptor subunits 1 and 2B in hippocampal and cortical neurons (Suen et al., 1997; Lin et al., 1998). In fact, activity of AMPA receptors has also been shown to be modulated by phosphorylation (Barria et al., 1997;Hayashi et al., 1997; Mammen et al., 1997; Carroll et al., 1998;Carvalho et al., 1999), however, a role for BDNF in this process has not yet been demonstrated.
Our current findings may be of a particular significance in view of recent studies on activity-dependent homeostatic regulation of AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic currents. Turrigiano et al. (1998) have demonstrated a form of synaptic plasticity, termed "synaptic scaling", that changes, in an activity-dependent manner, the strength of synaptic inputs in cortical neuron cultures. Specifically, chronic activity blockade increased, whereas blockade of inhibitory transmission decreased, the amplitude of miniature EPSCs (Turrigiano et al., 1998). In cortical neurons, synaptic scaling is mediated through the activity-dependent release of BDNF (Rutherford et al., 1998), and BDNF has been shown to have opposite effects on the amplitude of AMPA currents in two classes of cortical synapses. Specifically, although chronic exposure to BDNF decreases AMPA currents in pyramidal cells, it increases them in interneurons (Rutherford et al., 1998). Recently,Liao et al. (1999) demonstrated that AMPA receptor blockade also increases the number and size of AMPA receptor clusters in cultured hippocampal neurons and rapidly induces the appearance of AMPA receptors at "silent" synapses. This result suggests that BDNF inhibition of AMPA responses in newborn nTS neurons could ultimately lead to an increase in functional expression of AMPA receptors and an increase in postsynaptic AMPA responses. Indeed, nTS neurons are functionally immature at birth and undergo marked changes in synaptic contacts (Miller et al., 1983), dendritic growth, and electrophysiological properties (Kalia et al., 1993;Denavit-Saubié et al., 1994) during the early postnatal period. Thus, BDNF may play a developmental role in regulating excitability of second-order sensory relay cells in nTS. This could explain why genetic loss of BDNF results in a depression of motor output from the brainstem respiratory rhythm generator (Balkowiec and Katz, 1998), a network that is driven in part by excitatory inputs from nTS interneurons (Bianchi et al., 1995). It is also possible that BDNF plays an acute role in synaptic signaling by restricting the total EPSC. In fact, low-frequency stimulation of primary afferent inputs to nTS has been shown to inactivate AMPA receptors on second-order relay neurons and depress synaptic strength by a highly robust, Ca2+-independent mechanism (Zhou et al., 1997). Based on our findings, we think it plausible that BDNF, released from primary afferent terminals, could mediate this kind of synaptic modulation. Restriction of total excitatory current might also protect nTS neurons against massive activation of glutamate receptors at high rates of stimulation and potential excitotoxicity (Choi, 1992). BDNF has, for example, been shown to protect cerebellar granule (Lindholm et al., 1993) and cortical (Shimohama et al., 1993) neurons against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. In distinguishing among these possibilities, it will be important to determine the conditions under which BDNF is released from primary afferent terminals in nTS and whether primary afferents are the only source of BDNF inputs to second-order relay cells.
In summary, our findings demonstrate a novel function for BDNF in acute modulation of AMPA responses in developing sensory relay neurons. These data, combined with the fact that many primary afferents express BDNF, indicate that BDNF could play an important role in regulating excitatory transmission at primary afferent synapses.
This work was supported by Public Health Service grants (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) to D.M.K. and D.L.K. We gratefully acknowledge the helpful comments of Drs. Stephen Jones and Ben Strowbridge.
Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. David M. Katz, Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106. E-mail: dmk4{at}po.cwru.edu.


text: Deisler26 Posted March 6, 2019 Is there any way? I've sacked every scout bar one, so that they can scout the opposition solely. I don't have a DOF, but still I get recommendations for players. And don't get me started on 'This isn't what you're looking for, but here's a player anyway" 0 Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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A man has been charged over the alleged sexual assault of a teenage girl in Sydney's south west.
In September 2018, detectives from the Child Abuse and Sex Crimes Squad commenced an investigation following reports a 15-year-old girl had been sexually assaulted by a man, not known to her, earlier that month.
Following extensive investigations, detectives arrested a 39-year-old man at a home in Bankstown today (Tuesday 16 July 2019).
The man was taken to Bankstown Police Station and charged with three counts of aggravated sexual assault (victim under age of 16 years) and one count of aggravated indecent assault.
Police will allege in court that the man sexually assaulted the girl on four occasions at a unit in Bankstown between Sunday 3 September 2018 and Monday 4 September 2018.
He was refused bail to appear before Bankstown Local Court today (Tuesday 16 July 2019).
The Child Abuse and Sex Crimes Squad is comprised of detectives who are specially trained to investigate matters against children and adults, including sexual assault, serious physical abuse, and extreme cases of neglect.
Anyone with concerns about suspected child abuse or exploitation should call Crime Stoppers on 1800 333 000 or use the Crime Stoppers online reporting page: https://nsw.crimestoppers.com.au.
Information you provide will be treated in the strictest of confidence. People should not report crime information via our Facebook and Twitter pages.


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Coin of the Month
November 2015: IKMK 18246288 / CNT Anchialos CNT_5818
The Coin of this Month is presented by
Anchialos, a foundation of Apollonia and known for its salt lagoons, minted coins only from the reign of Antoninus Pius to Gordianus III., whereby the coinage wasn't consistently. In the time of Septimius Severus, Maximinius Thrax and Gordianus III the coinage of Anchialos got a heyday. The themes of the reverses show besides the usual range of gods a remarkable number of depictions of the city gate of Anchialos, like our picture illustrates. Furthermore there are reverses with representations of fishes and ships, which allude for sure to the location of the city near by the sea. Also the statue of Poseidon holding a trident and a hippocampus on our coin refers to the sea and its importance for Anchialos. In the alley of the gate you see the letter E as a sign of the value of the bronze standing for 5 assaria. Besides the cities name there is in the legend the honorary name Ulpia, which the city is allowed to use since the times of Trajan.
Coins/Types of the month:


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V Collection 7
This is V Collection 7
24 timeless instruments lovingly recreated in software, and modernized with contemporary features. They were cutting edge in the 60s, mind-blowing in the 70s, awe-inspiring in the 80s, they're at the heart of today's hits, and they'll help you shape the sound of tomorrow.
What do you see ?
The best synths and keys reborn
V Collection has grown into the industry reference of software instruments that made music history. The solution demanding musicians choose.
Unrivalled, perfectly modelled sound
V Collection uses our advanced TAE® and Phi® modelling technologies that perfectly recreate both the sound and feel of these legendary instruments.
Thousands of masterfully crafted presets
An army of top-tier sound designers and big-name artists have created some of the most awe-inspiring synth and keyboard patches just for you.
Create with confidence
All the instruments in V Collection are modelled on keyboards that made history. Now you can use them in your DAW to create the music you've always wanted to.
Play, perform, control
V Collection seamlessly integrates with Arturia's KeyLab range, as well as controllers from other brands, giving you full control of your sound in the studio and on stage.
Easy yet powerful
Every instrument features an integrated tutorial, tips on every control, and an intuitive sound browser. No matter what skill level you are, or what style you play, this has you covered.
New in V Collection 7
Mellotron V
This original instrument redefined what keyboard players could do, unlocking the doors to orchestral and choral sounds at the touch of a key.
The budget synth that became a legend in its own right. The instrument that brought the digital synth revolution to the masses is now at your command.
Synthi V
The quirky British "silver machine" that put a new spin on modular synthesis, reborn in software with exciting new tricks up its sleeve.
Analog Lab 4
Personalize your own perfect keyboard, with thousands of amazing presets, perfect integration, effects, and a built-in live mode. Your go-to choice for inspiration.
Our recreation of Hammond's legendary organ has received a total sound engine overhaul, making it the most authentic, vibrant electric organ virtual instrument ever.
800 brand new, modern sounds created for legacy V Collection instruments. The hottest synths and chart-topping keys are yours to explore.
The band's back together
Think of a famous synth sound or an iconic keyboard's tone, and you can create it with V Collection 7.
A million-dollar collection of the finest pianos, synthesizers, samplers, and esoteric keyboard instruments all in one place, geared for modern music makers, and at your command.
Awesome analog synths
Electricity harnessed into music. We mapped every circuit and analysed every component to bring you unrivalled analog sound.
Powerful digital instruments
Breakthroughs of binary and code from the pioneering days of digital technology, reborn, remastered, and yours to explore.
Famous pianos and keyboards
Physical works of art, honed from steel, wood, reeds, motors, and magnetic tape, all recreated as software for your pleasure.
World class sound
Our exclusive TAE and Phi modelling technologies let us study, analyze, and recreate these keyboard legends with unrivalled accuracy
Beautiful to use
Easy to install, fun to use. Inspiring, clear, and intuitive GUIs, with scaleable 4K resolution let you lose yourself in every instrument.
+8000 inspiring presets
Whatever style or genre you create, V Collection 7 has a huge collection of expertly-made presets for you to explore.
You're in control
While our own KeyLab Essential, KeyLab MkII, and MiniLab controllers are specially designed to bring out the best in V Collection 7, you can use any MIDI controller keyboard to get hands on with these timeless instruments.
Have a controller or keyboard from our friends at Novation, Yamaha, KORG, or Native Instruments? No problem, they will work perfectly. Do you own a digital piano? You can use that too! You can even use your computer or laptop's keyboard to play notes, perfect for getting creative on the move.
Platform specifications
16GB free hard disk space
OpenGL 2.0 compatible GPU
16GB free hard disk space
OpenGL 2.0 compatible GPU
Required configuration
Works in Standalone, VST 2.4, VST 3, AAX, Audio Unit, NKS* (64-bit DAWs only).
* NKS compatibility currently unavailable for Analog Lab, CZ V, Mellotron V, Synthi V and B-3 V2
The software is protected by the Arturia Software Center.
Main Features
Each virtual instrument in the V Collection can be used as a stand-alone application or as a NKS (except Analog Lab,Mellotron V, Synthi V, CZ V and B-3 V), VST, AU or AAX plug-in
High resolution graphic interfaces, compatible with very large displays
All instruments share a common interface for browsing, editing (save, import, export, ...)
Easy MIDI mapping to any keyboard controller.
In app tutorials allowing to quickly understand the instruments.
Easy install and licence manager : Arturia Software Center.
More than 8000 high-quality and innovative sound presets.
Analog Lab - All presets of the V Collection 7 can be browsed and edited from a single interface
Arturia's proprietary technologies, TAE® and Phi, ensure that each instrument sounds and behaves exactly like the original.
*Mellotron® is a registered trademark of Mellotron.com
|Mar 18, 2020


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A Further $204 Million Fine For Deutsche Bank (ETR:DBK)
There is no end to the troubles of Deutsche Bank (ETR:DBK). British regulator FCA has imposed a fine of $204 million on the Frankfurt, Germany-based bank for serious failures in implementing anti-money laundering controls. The Financial Conduct Authority or FCA is saying that because of this, the bank has exposed the financial system of the United Kingdom to risks of financial crime.
Largest Fine Ever in the United Kingdom
FCA says between January 2012 and December 2015, Deutsche Bank did not properly "properly oversee the formation of new customer relationships and the booking of global business in the U.K". A $203.83 million or £163 million penalty was charged as a result, making this the largest penalty ever by a British regulator.
Because of the inadequate controls, according to the FCA, customers of Deutsche Bank and their Russian arm DB Moscow ended up transferring more than $6 billion to accounts all over the world from Russia through the UK, in a process that is known as "mirror trades".
The FCA Issues a Warning
Director of market oversight and enforcement with the FCA, Mark Steward said, "The size of the fine reflects the seriousness of Deutsche Bank's failings. We have repeatedly told firms how to comply with our AML (anti-money laundering) requirements and the failings of Deutsche Bank are simply unacceptable". He also issued a warning in the statement saying that the other firms need to take notice of the fine that was being imposed. Similar fines may be imposed again in the future, Mark added.
Only yesterday, Deutsche Bank announced they will be paying a fine of $425 million to regulators in New York (New York State Department of Financial Services) over the same "mirror trading" accusations, where $10 billion worth of funds were transferred from Russia.
Last month, Deutsche Bank reached a $7.2 billion settlement with the US Department of Justice over mortgage assets that had gone wrong. Not just that, back in 2015, the bank has had to pay a penalty of $2.5 billion on charges of interest rate manipulation.
Deutsche Bank (ETR:DBK) issued a statement saying they have reached a settlement with authorities in Britain. The chief administrative officer, Karl von Rohr issued a memo to employees saying, they are working with the authorities to quickly resolve the matter. The Financial Conduct Authority of Britain agrees, saying Deutsche Bank has "committed significant resources to improving its AML controls already".


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If you have had past credit issues and you need a holiday loan then you have landed in the right place. When we say holiday loans with no credit check that means our lenders don't do traditional credit checks and they don't require any collateral in order to apply. Don't let past credit stop you from your future. With our network of lenders you stand a better chance on getting approved instead of a bank or loan store. Get the loan you need today. Apply Now.


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July 24, 2011 Sixth Sunday after Pentecost
FIRST READING: 1 Kings 3:5-12
5One night while Solomon was in Gibeon, the LORD God appeared to him in a dream and said, "Solomon, ask for anything you want, and I will give it to you."
6Solomon answered:
My father David, your servant, was honest and did what you commanded. You were always loyal to him, and you gave him a son who is now king. 7LORD God, I'm your servant, and you've made me king in my father's place. But I'm very young and know so little about being a leader. 8And now I must rule your chosen people, even though there are too many of them to count.
9Please make me wise and teach me the difference between right and wrong. Then I will know how to rule your people. If you don't, there is no way I could rule this great nation of yours.
10-11God said:
Solomon, I'm pleased that you asked for this. You could have asked to live a long time or to be rich. Or you could have asked for your enemies to be destroyed. Instead, you asked for wisdom to make right decisions. 12So I'll make you wiser than anyone who has ever lived or ever will live.
PSALMODY: Psalm 119:129-136
129Your teachings are wonderful, and I respect them all.
130Understanding your word brings light
to the minds of ordinary people.
131I honestly want to know everything you teach.
132Think about me and be kind,
just as you are to everyone who loves your name.
13Keep your promise and don't let me stumble
or let sin control my life.
134Protect me from abuse, so I can obey your laws.
135Smile on me, your servant, and teach me your laws.
136When anyone disobeys you, my eyes overflow with tears.
SECOND READING: Romans 8:26-39
26In certain ways we are weak, but the Spirit is here to help us. For example, when we don't know what to pray for, the Spirit prays for us in ways that cannot be put into words. 27All of our thoughts are known to God. He can understand what is in the mind of the Spirit, as the Spirit prays for God's people. 28We know that God is always at work for the good of everyone who loves him. They are the ones God has chosen for his purpose, 29and he has always known who his chosen ones would be. He had decided to let them become like his own Son, so that his Son would be the first of many children. 30God then accepted the people he had already decided to choose, and he has shared his glory with them.
31What can we say about all this? If God is on our side, can anyone be against us? 32God did not keep back his own Son, but he gave him for us. If God did this, won't he freely give us everything else? 33If God says his chosen ones are acceptable to him, can anyone bring charges against them? 34Or can anyone condemn them? No indeed! Christ died and was raised to life, and now he is at God's right side, speaking to him for us. 35Can anything separate us from the love of Christ? Can trouble, suffering, and hard times, or hunger and nakedness, or danger and death? 36It is exactly as the Scriptures say,
"For you we face death all day long. We are like sheep on their way to be butchered."
37In everything we have won more than a victory because of Christ who loves us. 38I am sure that nothing can separate us from God's lovenot life or death, not angels or spirits, not the present or the future, 39and not powers above or powers below. Nothing in all creation can separate us from God's love for us in Christ Jesus our Lord!
GOSPEL: Matthew 13:31-33, 44-52
31Jesus told them another story:
The kingdom of heaven is like what happens when a farmer plants a mustard seed in a field. 32Although it is the smallest of all seeds, it grows larger than any garden plant and becomes a tree. Birds even come and nest on its branches.
33Jesus also said:
The kingdom of heaven is like what happens when a woman mixes a little yeast into three big batches of flour. Finally, all the dough rises.
44The kingdom of heaven is like what happens when someone finds treasure hidden in a field and buries it again. A person like that is happy and goes and sells everything in order to buy that field.
45The kingdom of heaven is like what happens when a shop owner is looking for fine pearls. 46After finding a very valuable one, the owner goes and sells everything in order to buy that pearl.
47The kingdom of heaven is like what happens when a net is thrown into a lake and catches all kinds of fish. 48When the net is full, it is dragged to the shore, and the fishermen sit down to separate the fish. They keep the good ones, but throw the bad ones away. 49That's how it will be at the end of time. Angels will come and separate the evil people from the ones who have done right. 50Then those evil people will be thrown into a flaming furnace, where they will cry and grit their teeth in pain.
51Jesus asked his disciples if they understood all these things. They said, "Yes, we do."
52So he told them, "Every student of the Scriptures who becomes a disciple in the kingdom of heaven is like someone who brings out new and old treasures from the storeroom."


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Alle News auf startupticker.ch
Seite 216 von 249.
The START Summiteer Award ceremony was celebrated within the framework of the annual two-day START Summit in St. Gallen. Based on their innovativeness, the jury announced nanoleq as the winner of the award. The startup was rewarded a cash prize of CHF 20'000.
Les cinq start-ups finalistes du Prix Strategis, organisé par l'association d'étudiants HEC Espace Entreprise, ont été choisies lors de la deuxième réunion du Jury ce mardi 28 mars 2017 à Lausanne.
The funding round for the biotech start-up was led by Redalpine Venture Partners. The funding brings resources to advance Versantis' lead candidate VS-01 to first-in-human study and transform the care of patients with rare and life-threatening liver diseases.
Swiss Startup Invest has completely redesigned its Swiss Venture Day to allow for more meetings, keynote speeches and startup pitches. 22 startups have been selected to pitch at the first reloaded event on 5. April 2017. Registration to attend the event is open until 1. April.
Vergangenes Jahr investierte die Zürcher Kantonalbank 9.5 Millionen Franken in insgesamt 27 Startups. Acht der Investments waren Neufinanzierungen.
Recent clinical study results of ProteoMediX' prostate cancer test were presented at the 2017 Annual European Association of Urology Congress. It shows that the implementation of the test in clinical practice has the potential to significantly lower the rate of prostate biopsies which are negative for prostate cancer by more than 50%.
ESA BIC operates a technology transfer programme offering targeted support and funding to start-ups in the field of space technologies and applications. Last week seven start-ups were selected for the program.
On the occasion of the START Summit last Friday, Lea von Bidder was nominated HSG Founder of the Year 2017 as the representative of the Ava company. The prize of the Werner Jackstädt Foundation is worth CHF 10,000.
The Zurich based startup Master21 offering the first coding bootcamps in Switzerland has successfully graduated the first full-time cohort. Master21 aims to shape the digital era by equipping individuals with programming skills for creating their own web apps among other things.
The Merck Accelerator offers three months of acceleration, up to 50,000 € in funding and coaching. Seven startups from three continents were selected for the next batch. Among them is Zurich-based Ectica Technologies.


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Raspsberries are a fantastic source of vitamin C – enjoy them fresh now they are in season or frozen for an economic alternative when they are not. Freezing helps retain the vitamin c content, so either way you will gain from the great antioxidant properties of these tasty little gems. recently there has been a lot of 'hype' about fruit sugars and whether it is healty for us – iof course! But everything in moderation and if taken in excess, like everything esle will cause us to gain weight. Keep your portions of fruit juice, including smoothies, to about 150ml daily to avoid excess sugars and gain all the health benefits that fresh fruit bring!
• 200g fresh or frozen raspberries
• 125g/1 pot of low fat, diet raspberry yoghurt
• 100g /half tumbler glass of ice
• 100ml-150ml half tumbler glass semi skimmed milk
• Artificial sweetener to taste
1. Blend the raspberries with the milk and yoghurt, on a low speed until smooth.
2. Add the ice and blend on a high setting. Stir in artificial sweetener to taste. Children might enjoy a few chocolate sprinkles on the top.
This recipe can easily be adapted to make refreshing raspberry lollies – use fresh raspberries, and omit the milk. Freeze the mixture in lolly moulds (or make do with empty yoghurt pots with sticks in centre).
Download raspberry smoothie pdf here


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Gazing Ahead to The Space Between Nothing And Desire + Celebrating Kate Bush with The Kick Inside Launch and a Live Session on the DeXter Bentley Show
February 11, 2018 § Leave a comment
It's 2018 and we're kicking off with live activities again!
Kate Bush has given music lovers something to treasure: a great musician and producer, a brilliant composer and an amazing most unique voice. This year and month marks the 40th anniversary of Kate and her debut album. Adopting their name from this album,TKI or The Kick Inside, a tribute to Kate Bush by Raf and O (see previous blog), perform tracks from her early albums fully live, elegantly and stylishly capturing the energy, excitement and fragility of Kate's music on vocals, piano and double bass. Celebrating Kate, The Kick Inside Launch, promoted by the always excellent Kaparte, is in London at Bar & Co, the club on a boat, Temple Pier, on Sunday 25th February. It is also O Richard's birthday and Raf, will keep celebration on hold till then.
'We'll be playing a full show of Kate's beautiful songs from the early part of her career. Triple celebration. Come!'
The launch is also featured on Kate Bush News and TKI has been described as:
'Strikingly individual' Kate Bush News
And to kick start it all off, The Kick Inside will be playing live in session on the mighty deXter Bentley Show on London's Resonance 104.4 FM, Saturday 17th February, 12pm which is the date marking Kate's debut album 40 years ago!
We're now gazing ahead to … and we're very excited to introduce 'The Space Between Nothing And Desire'. That is the title of Raf and O's new album and it's set to be released later this year!
A slice from the album was aired yesterday for the very first time on the deXter Bentley Show: an edit preview of a brand new Raf and O song, 'Your Gazing Stare'. The album will also include our version of David Bowie's 'The London Boys'. We can't say too much more at this stage, but keep your ears and eyes peeled, social media is always the quicker way to get fresh news!
Last November we even got to say thank you in person for the support Mike Garson had given to our version of Bowie's Lady Grinning Soul back in 2013 after he played a magical show at the Camden Underworld!
Raf and O are now on Instagram too and we have unveiled a new logo, a moon-light reworking from our previous. Come and follow our new Instagram page here and here
See you down at THE KICK INSIDE LAUNCH. Come!
Raf and O Xx
Back to RAF AND O'S BLOG/ NEWS PAGE
The Kick Inside – Kate Bush Tribute Live Outfit and Raf and O Tour in the pipeline
July 10, 2017 § Leave a comment
The Kick Inside – Kate Bush Tribute (TKI)
Promo Shot and Still from Video – 'Wuthering Heights' 'Wow' & Teasers Live in the Warm Room
July greetings from Raf and O!
This year we've been very busy getting a new project off the ground:
The Kick Inside (TKI)!
This is an entirely separate music outfit, named after Kate Bush's first album and it's a tribute to the artist herself!
We've also been busy with Raf and O and you can read more on the latter part of this blog.
I've been doing a lot of piano playing recently on the latest and beautiful addition to the instrument roster: a lovingly converted piano keyboard by O featuring f holes!
Last May we announced it on our facebook page – As well as cracking on with writing material for our 4th album, and reinterpreting favourite artists, mainly David Bowie interpretations, I'm starting a tribute to the music of Kate Bush, where I will sing and play piano extensively, focusing on the early part of Kate's career and this time, keeping faithful to the original pieces.
Since then we've got a new TKI website up and running and just over a week ago we released our very first video, recorded live in The Warm Room, which received a great reception.
Monolith Cocktail writes:
"Raf Mantelli one half of our favourite avant-garde and frayed experimentalist duo Raf and O adds her idiosyncratic, enchanting signature to the music of Kate Bush on her latest project, The Kick Inside. Concentrating on Bush's early career, the focus being on her 'core essence as a pianist singer songwriter', The Kick Inside tribute band will soon be announcing dates for a number of performances. In the meantime, here's a teaser" Monolith Cocktail
The Kick Inside, as well as the solo show, will also perform as a duo and here, O will be alongside me but in a role that may be a surprise for many amongst you.
TKI Official Website
TKI Facebook
TKI Twitter
TKI Youtube Channel
In the meantime…
Raf and O will return to Italy to play a small series of shows and look forward to go back to some favourite places during the tour! We will debut some new material and there will be a few surprises along the way too! Already looking forward to seeing friends old and new and very excited about the set we will be playing!
As well as developing the TKI project we've been also writing material toward a new album; this has been keeping us focused in the studio, so it was lucky if you managed to catch Raf and O playing earlier this year including the legendary experimental Klinker Club and a charity show to raise awareness on mental health for Punk4MentalHealth at the UnderDog Gallery.
Our own cover interpretation of David Bowie's 'The London Boys' received radio play on the latest Chaos Theory Radio Show where Kunal was joined by Alan Pride for a selection of cool tunes! It was also aired on the Dexter Bentley Show Resonance FM and our Bowie's cover of 'Win' was aired, again on Dexter's 'The Day Before' , a tribute to David which also featured an extract from Mary Finnigan's book 'Psychedelic Suburbia: David Bowie and the Beckenham Arts Lab' plus an interview with her; we were deeply touched by Mary's words for Raf and O who introduced us on the show. And lastly, Raf and O's Magic from our latest album Portal that was mastered at Cage studios is included in a new free to download compilation 'Cage 24' by Martin Bowes from Attrition, pioneers of darker electronica.
For fresh up to date news join our Raf and O social media pages, FB and Twitter and watch this space!
Back to RAF AND O'S BLOG/ NEWS PAGE


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Brittany hails from Ahwatukee, Arizona (say that five times fast!), but grew up in Indiana. She brings 10 years of customer service and marketing experience to her new position at Covideo. Above all, what she loves about Covideo is that it holds new and different challenges every day. She enjoys spending time with her husband, Matthew, and their two Weimaraners, Chloe and Waldo. Loves: Notre Dame football, live music, Vegas. Fun facts: Brittany can do the entire Thriller dance from start to finish. Also, her likeness can be found on packaging for a bridal sash in Wal-Marts nationwide.
Find out more about her in the following video!
Covideo provides video email software that helps businesses and individuals communicate more effectively, build relationships faster and reinforce their brands with easy-to-make personalized videos.
Use video today by signing up for a 14 day free trial with Covideo!


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We had the pleasure of recently hosting Chris Morton from Morton Group Real Estate Advisors for a beautiful night on our patio. Chris does a Facebook live segment called 7 at 7 where he discusses everything from shoes, to real estate, to entertainment news, to wine – at 7 p.m. for 7 minutes, nightly.
October Wine Dinner Benefitting Hurricane Florence Relief on October 23
Mulino Italian Kitchen & Bar invites you to a wine dinner to raise money for Hurricane Florence relief. Please join us on Tuesday, October 23, 2018, at 7 p.m. for a memorable wine dinner exploring the greatness of the Sangiovese grape paired with four delightful courses. Tickets are $125 per person (taxes and tips included.) There are only 30 seats available for this exclusive dinner. To make a reservation, please call 919-838-8595. All proceeds from the dinner will be donated to hurricane disaster relief.
Featuring Italian Wines
At Mulino Italian Kitchen & Bar, we are excited to feature an extensive wine menu, focused on Italian estate vineyards. Ask your server to recommend a wine that will pair perfectly with your dinner or choose one of your favorites from our menu.
Ticket Sales Now Closed: Piemonte Region Wine Dinner – Tuesday, March 6
It's time for our March wine dinner and we can't wait to host you for another delicious trip through Italy's Piedmont region – all without leaving Mulino Italian Kitchen & Bar!
November 2017 Italian Wine Dinner
Join us on Thursday, November 16, 2017, at 7:00 p.m. for our November Italian wine dinner featuring Picchioni Andrea wines!
Italian Wine Dinner – Thursday, October 12, 2017
Please make plans to join us Thursday, October 12, 2017, at 7 p.m. for Mulino Italian Kitchen and Bar's very first Italian Wine Dinner since opening earlier this year!
Lambrusco's Making a Comeback and We Have Quite the Selection
A fizzy, red Italian beverage is re-emerging stateside and lobbying to become the new drink of choice – check out Lambrusco at Mulino!


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Legends of Our Times: Native Cowboy Life
Legends of Our Times: Native Cowboy Life
Throughout the world, the cowboy is an instantly recognized symbol of the American West. Legends of Our Times breaks the stereotype of "cowboys and Indians" to show an almost unknown side of the West. It tells the story of some of the first cowboys -- Native American peoples of the Plains and Plateau.
Through stories, poetry, art, and reminiscences in this lavishly illustrated book, Native American men and women take the reader on a fascinating journey into the world of ranching and rodeo.
The book also examines the special relationship between Native people and animals such as the horse, buffalo, deer, and dog, which have always played an important role in Native spiritual and economic life.


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The Good Patrons of 750 Words
A Note of Inspiration from Brian G. Fay
1 cup
I have written every day for a while now and it feels good even though, oddly enough, the streak has coincided with a particularly dry period in my writing life. I just read another note by someone whose streak fell apart and I do wonder what it will be like for me when I fall off the wagon too. I hope that I can get back into it immediately and find the words I need. Maybe we should each have sponsors, AA style.
Thank you, Buster for the site.
Testimonial Note from Brian G. Fay on Sat, May 22


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Core competency is a way that makes any business to be closer to its customers, works or employees. It aims to gain 2 targets:
i. Various products & markets can be leveraged
ii. Not easy to copy
Any core competency can take different directions it can be technical related, it can be subject related knowledge, any reliable process, or on the other side, any close relationships with the suppliers and customers can be benefited with the help of this core competency. Along with this, it comprises of culture, product development and management of the product.
Core competencies are the strengths that are relative to other organizations in the industry that actually provide the basis for the idea to add value in products and services. It is also termed as the collection of learning in any organization and it involves the major steps that takes place while building the product and making it essential for the end users. Businesses working and managing in order to be the best one in the industry often tries to have the best core competencies in order to be the best one. In order to be the leader, one should try to have the best and unique core competencies that can help in gaining the desired target.
Andrew Campbell, Kathleen Sommers Luchs (1997), "Core competency-based strategy", International Thomson Business Press", pg 327


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The app is a charging application for electrical vehicles. It will find the right charging station for you, based on your needs and destination. The accuracy of the system depends on the information from the point of interest. When there is live data available the application can deliver this in real time to the driver.
SmartCharge EV app enables routing taking into consideration the cars range, charge-level, traffic data, driving style, etc. It also includes automatic filtration of non-wanted or out-of-order charging stations where available.
The SmartCharge EV-app routes the EV-driver through multiple charging stations from point A to point B. It dynamically changes the route depending on congestion and availability of infrastructure, curing the charging and range anxiety that EV owners experience today.
The SmartCharge EV is downloadable for free and are seamlessly connected to a user interface on the web with all preferences, history and analytics. Future versions will integrate other realtime info like road-construction data, weather, terrain, etc.


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User Reviews
View reviews where users commented on categories.Clear selections
Displaying all 2 1982 Lincoln Town Car reviews.
1982 Lincoln Town CarReview
Very Good For Trips — Don't buy one unless you are planning to update everything for performance. :) Build quality is pretty bad. the appearance is not so good. Cost of ownership is not bad for the size of car and parts are pretty cheap. Fun factor is pretty high. Lots of space and great for trips. Strange but for the age, it's a little reliable. Needs little repairs here and there and most of them are easy to do.
Primary Use: Family transportation
Pros: Space
Cons: Needs TLC
Looking for a Used Town Car in your area?
CarGurus has 973 nationwide Town Car listings starting at $1,800.
1982 Lincoln Town Car Review
vs1994 Buick LeSabre
1982 Lincoln Town Car winning categories:
Cargo Capacity Ranked 1994 Buick LeSabre worse.
"Simply a bigger car"
Value Ranked 1994 Buick LeSabre worse.
"You can find these easily online for less than $5000 with fewer than 70k on the odometer."
Displaying all 2 1982 Lincoln Town Car reviews.
Reviews From Other Years
2011 Lincoln Town Car Reviews
It Is A Great Car
The Town Car has performed as it was built to do. It is comfortable, fuel efficient for a conservative driver, and has had no mechanical problems. I am not a fan of vinyl tops but on this car but it d... Read More
2010 Lincoln Town Car Reviews
Why You Want It So Bad....
I prefer the look of either the Crown Vic or the Grand Marquis a bit better, but there's not much difference. The Town Car rear lights just don't do anything for me. Ride with any of the three is grea... Read More
2009 Lincoln Town Car Reviews
Casualty Of The Way Forward. Save The Town Cars!
What is not to like? It is a land yacht that runs on regular gas. I average 19 plus MPG combined and have seen 24 on long highway trips. The dealer bats 1000 in every area of service but front end. I ... Read More
Wish Every One Can Afford One Town Car
A nice comfortable reliable soomth riding low cost American car. hope America make more and more car like this and make the price in range so that every one can afford this. There is so many luxury c... Read More
2008 Lincoln Town Car Reviews
Affordable Luxury
My overall experience in owning a 2008 Lincoln Town car has been very positive. This vehicle performs extremely well, especially on those longer road trips. There's ample leg room for all passengers a... Read More
2007 Lincoln Town Car Reviews
best 6 passenger sedan made in last decade 2003-2011 town car Read More
Very Nice Luxury Car
This was a very nice car. It rode well, felt nice and was worth the money for the time we owned it. I'm glad someone else who will enjoy this car hopefully for many years ended up finding and buying... Read More


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Love and Marriage
Every 45 seconds a marriage ends in America. With it ends not only a covenant of love, but also the stability of a home, financial solidity, and a model of committed love for children to take into their own marriages. Every 45 seconds, American loses more than another marriage. It loses another building block in the structure of what secures her future: strong, loving relationships based on respect, commitment and integrity. This year alone 1.2 million families will experience the rupturing and fragmentation of divorce. Hearts shattered. Children devastated. Hope lost.
Statistics say it all…
1.2 Million couples across America file for divorce each year.
$112 Billion is the annual cost of divorce to taxpayers
4 Weeks of work time is lost during the first year after a divorce
$150 Billion is the annual cost of divorce to U.S. businesses
America is only as strong and healthy as the integral relationships that make her grow and prosper. Committed marriages establish solid families which build strong communitites. Where marriages are committed to serving Christ and each other, relationships thrive.
There is hope in mist of your crisis, just make God your center peace.
We can't be afraid of change. You may feel very secure in the pond that you are in, but if you never venture out of it, you will never know that there is such a thing as an ocean, a sea.
Holding onto something that is good for you now, may be the very reason why you don't have something better.C. JoyBell C.
"You can't save others from themselves because those who make a perpetual muddle of their lives don't appreciate your interfering with the drama they've created. They want your poor-sweet-baby sympathy, but they don't want to change." — Sue Grafton
Let it go and focus on self enjoyment.
"The very best of marriages Are made by best of friends, Who face together, hand in hand, The good and bad life sends. They aren't afraid to share The deepest feelings of the heart, And respect each other's needs To spend some time apart. They support each other faithfully When troubles come their way, They don't blame in haste or anger, But who love in what they say. They make marriage like true friendship Full of deeds that show they care, And they find a world of happiness In all the love they share". —Amanda Bradley
Blended Families face Unique Challenges
The image of the traditional American family — the nuclear family of the Clevers and Huxtables — was once limited to mom, dad, and children living happily together under roof. Today the notion of a typical family has gradually expanded to included blended families of stepparents and stepchildren, like the Bradys and the Kardashians.
Blended families are one of the fastest growing segments of families in the United States, but unlike the nicely packaged problems seen on Television, these families struggle with issues that are anything but easy. Major issues that newly blended families face include integrating discipline styles and coping with strong emotions, while at the same time building new relationships from scratch.
"It's hard to step out of that role – am I a friend or am I a parent? But as an adult, you're the parent, you have to discipline because there are going to be times that they're with you alone," said New York psychologist Dr. Janet Taylor in an interview with "Good Morning America."
"Come from a nurturing standpoint, where you teach them responsibility, but do it from a place of love."
Yes, love is a key factor but the major role begins with the new couple and what they have agreed upon before they said I do. If you begin to look at why the child or children are acting out, you may have a better understand on how to solve the issues at hand. First they have suffered a great loss in loosing the other parent and secondly adjustment doesn't come over night. Continue to esteem your mate but at the same time don't stop showing affection for all your children.
David A. Harris-Gavin
Stop allowing someone or something to take your strength away.


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But really, what is a Bob Dylan concert these days if not a case study in transformation?
Film Review: Rolling Thunder Revue — A Bob Dylan Story by Martin Scorsese
It's worth pointing out that Martin Scorsese's documentaries, especially his music-based ones, can be as powerful as his fictional work.
Book Interview: Why Does Bob Dylan Matter?
"I see him as the greatest artist of the English language, it happens to be in song, of the second half of the 20th century.
Book Review: "Dharma Lion" — The Rich Heritage of Allen Ginsberg
The power of Allen Ginsberg's legacy could be felt in the controversy over the decision to award Bob Dylan the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Concert Review: Bob Dylan on Tour — No Nostalgia Allowed
The set proved that Bob Dylan remains, among many other things, one of music's great contrarians.
Book Review: The Night Bob Dylan Plugged in
Bob Dylan had been soundly booed for playing a set plugged. What ninnies dictate the rules in the backwater world of American folk music!
Music Interview: Inside Veteran Folk Singer Tom Paxton
"My idol was Pete Seeger, even before I moved to the Village. He still is."
Album Review: When Nobody/Everybody is Listening – The Basement Tapes
It may seem a bit like overkill, and in many ways it is, but that all depends on your perspective.
Concert Review: Bob Dylan and His Band at Boston's Orpheum Theatre
Unlike past concerts where Dylan gave what he could but the audience gave nothing back, at the Orpheum Bob seemed to be genuinely enjoying himself on stage.
Music Review: Bob Dylan at UMass-Lowell, Tsongas Center
The emotional peak of the entire night was Bob Dylan's gently understated performance of "What Good Am I?" from 1989's Oh Mercy.


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Vainilla 50ml E-Liquid by Kardinal
Vanilla, Custard and Tobacco
Vanilla is our unique and classic take on the sweet and delicious blend of vanilla, custard and tobacco. A smooth and fulfilling taste of sweet and creamy vanilla custard up front, with a rich finish taste of fine tobacco and a hint of toasted almond.
- 50ml Bottle
- Available in 0mg nicotine Strength
- 30% PG (Propylene Glycol) - 70% VG (Vegetable Glycerin)
- Add Nicotine Booster
Kardinal Bio
Kardinal e-liquids are the most deluxe tobacco sub ohm liquids on the market, giving you a smooth satisfying taste of three popular tobacco mix blends. Caramel, Vanilla and Fruit tobacco. Made in Malaysia.
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Welcome to FreeGames.net, the leading online games site, where you can play a huge range of free online games including; Action Games Car Games Puzzle Games Sports Games Games for Girls flash games and many more.
Description: Get ready for a whole new farming adventure and save the village! The big boss has destroyed almost the whole city. It's up to you to rebuild it all. . Youda Farmer 2 is a Farm Games.
Instructions: This game is played with mouse only..
Category: Farm Games


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Our know-how for developing and producing software for the industrial automation is at your disposal.
Our expertise in the development of customized software in the various fields of the industrial automation is at your disposal.
Thanks to our expertise we can develop customized software in the various fields of the industrial automation.
Operating systems
We are specialized for developing and porting real-time multitasking operating systems. Moreover we have a significant experience in the porting of Linux in embedded environments, with real-time extensions, too.
We have remarkable experience in the development of specific firmware for the various kinds of industrial machines (CNC, PLC, digital drives, control boards for actuators and sensors, I/O modules, etc.). In this field we are able to supply complete solutions for targets with several among the most common embedded microprocessors (ARM, Motorola, Infineon, Intel, etc.). We can manage the development projects either starting from the customer's technical specifications or proposing our own engineering solutions.
Industrial applications
Our activity also deals with the realization of final industrial applications. We have experience in motion control applications (packaging, flying shear, rotary tables, camming, generic motion control), lines control (paper and metal sheet) and much more.


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It is a hard thing, when a mind creeps and wanders and everything you want to say comes out as everything you have sworn you wouldn't. It is a very hard thing when a mind, so full and so bright, turns in on itself and darkness feels like home again. It is a hard thing … Continue reading A Hard Thing
Category: Suicidal Ideation
Another Season
The shadows are making their way to my door again, and my stoop has been painted in grey, but I know that soon the grey will give way to the blackness and I will spend another season crushing bricks and sprinkling salt in every corner of my fragile mind. © Nicole Lyons 2017
I have God in my words and the devil in my ear, and a sister, who keeps telling me to find my magic. © Nicole Lyons 2017
The Truth About Living On Borrowed Time – Peter Olsen
If you or someone you know is struggling with thoughts of suicide and/or self-injury, please call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at (800) 273-TALK (8255). I'm not good right now I'm not well at all But here I am! Right over here I'm still alive Beating the odds As I'm holding on by a thread. … Continue reading The Truth About Living On Borrowed Time – Peter Olsen
On a Kiss
About a month ago I was asked by a follower of my FB page to write a poem for what would have been her son's sixth birthday. William Dallas was born premature on January 27th, 2011 and passed away in his mother's arms on February 11, just fifteen days after he was born. I struggled … Continue reading On a Kiss
They take me under, sometimes
I have never seen battles quite as terrifyingly beautiful as the ones I fight when my mind splinters and races, to swallow me into my own madness, again. © Nicole Lyons 2016
A Family Plan for Depression
The first time I posted this was in 2014 but I have no idea where it is, so here we go again, because it's that time of year and I know what could happen. My fingers are crossed that it won't, but this ain't my first rodeo, better safe than sorry. Being a Mom is … Continue reading A Family Plan for Depression


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Find out how carving and sticking to a strong brand is imperative to building your audience and standing out
Learn how to use this single strategy to grow your business and save cost
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Find out why all the hype about content marketing and just why you should invest in it.
We do all the research and give you relevant information on all things Content Marketing. Stick with us and you will be something of a master at this grand art in no time. Follow us on social media to get all updates on our DIY tips, infomercial posts, and relevant information to take your product/brand visibility to the next level.


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The Politics of River Basin Organisations
Coalitions, Institutional Design Choices and Consequences
Edited by Dave Huitema and Sander Meijerink
Chapter 9: Introducing river basin management in a transitional context: a case study about Ukraine
Nina Hagemann and Marco Leidel
Ukraine introduced river basin management at a time when the country was still in a transitional phase, adapting from a socialist economy to a free market economy. The laws and regulations were often found to be wanting in respect of necessary by-laws to implement new rules. This was also the case for river basin management. In many Ukrainian river basins, international actors enhanced the establishment of river basin organisations (RBOs) by setting up river basin specific regulations. The role of different actors, especially international organisations and their influence in setting up a river basin management concept, are the key aspects of consideration in this chapter. Water quality of water bodies across Ukraine is severely compromised: all river basins are classified as polluted or heavily polluted (OECD 2006). The highest impacts result from wastewater from old facilities and infrastructure, and depending on the region in question, from industrial water pollution, fertiliser nutrient run-off from agricultural fields and effluents from the mining industry as well. A change in water quality is evident between the period before and after political independence. After becoming an independent country, many industries collapsed due to structural changes and the impact of this sudden change on water quality was significantly reduced. The same can be said for impacts of agricultural land use (FAO 2005; Stålnacke et al. 2003). During Soviet times, sanitary systems had been installed that were state-of-the-art.
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