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Masango, Charles A., Centre for Information Literacy, Department of Information and Library Studies, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Vol 69, No 2 (2003) - Book Reviews
Law library collection development in the digital age (A monograph published simultaneously as the Legal Reference Services Quarterly, Vol. 21, Nos. 2/3 and 4, 2002). Edited by Michael Chiorazzi and Gordon Russell
Abstract PDF
ISSN 2304-8263 (online); ISSN 0256-8861 (print)
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I Tried Halle Berry's 5-Minute Ab Workout, and My Abs Still Haven't Forgiven Me
It's no secret Halle Berry is one of my favorite people in the world. Although I've yet to meet her (I'm definitely speaking it into existence), I feel like her workout BFF thanks to our mutual love for fitness. Every Friday, I religiously check Halle's Instagram to see what's she got cooking for her Fitness Friday series.
Her most recent post was a core workout, my favorite, and as soon as I saw the moves, I knew it was going to be a challenge. I'm no rookie to Halle's workouts (here's another one of her ab workouts I tried), and was superexcited to test this one out.
I started my workout off with my go-to ab-activating exercises, then I did a lower-body strength workout followed by Halle's five-minute ab workout. It was 100-percent hard, but I loved how I felt my abs firing nonstop from start to finish. The exercises were more conditioning than the ones I've been doing lately, so don't be surprised if you're huffing and puffing! If you're looking for something challenging and quick, I definitely recommend trying this workout. It won't disappoint.
If you want to try Halle's ab workout for yourself, continue reading.
Halle's Ab Shredding Workout
- Ab wheel rollout: 12 reps
- Single-leg walkout to push-up: 10 reps
- Partner plank shift or body saw: 12 reps
- Hollow rock or v-sit: 30 seconds
- Partner leg taps or lying leg raise with a hip thrust: 12 reps

subset: commoncrawl


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result #04
More brand presence for Chiquita.
In order to increase customer loyalty (especially fresh produce specialists), Chiquita started the online portal Chiquitaverkoop.nl – a website that we were asked to develop in order to boost the company's brand presence.
At Chiquitaverkoop.nl, fresh produce specialists can find everything they need to stimulate their own sales. For instance, you can order displays and decorations, and price tags can be printed directly.
In order to gain access to the online portal, fresh produce specialists had to enter their email address. To provide information about this, we developed a special mailing campaign in the style of the website. The collapsible self-mailer told the story in a concise way and again contributed to boosting the brand presence.
Online platform
Is it clear to everyone in the company how brand and products should be presented, but is the execution sometimes disappointing?
We can help.


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When you have finished the setup, selecting Update Periods will display the Update Periods modal.
Values entered in the setup step for Description and UW Sub-Object Code are displayed here for reference.
The name of the period and its date range will display at the top of the period column.
The Quantity and Price fields default to the value of zero (0).
Enter your quantity and price information for this line item for the appropriate period(s). For example, 40 items at $35 each. The totals will recalculate when you click the Save icon.
At this point you can do either of the following:
- Select Save and Return to Worksheet to save your data, close the Update Periods modal and return to the worksheet.
- Select Line Setup link to save your data and return to the Line Setup modal where you can edit any of the values, as needed.


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European Civilization and Barbarism: Some Considerations on Historical Categories and Myths.
Boldrini, Lucia. 2010. 'European Civilization and Barbarism: Some Considerations on Historical Categories and Myths.'. In: AICLA / ICLA Triennial International Conference, Expanding the Frontiers of Comparative Literature, Seoul, Korea. Seoul, Korea, Republic of 15-21 August 2010. [Conference or Workshop Item]
Abstract or Description
Eloquence and correct speaking, as opposed to 'barbarism', have been given throughout history a value that goes well beyond linguistic competence and social skill, and have contributed in significant ways to the idea of Europe and its literary, cultural, and linguistic identity. The status of dominant languages (from Greek to Classical Latin, to Medieval Latin, and more recently to English) and the way the relationship between the hegemonic language and the common language of the people has been constructed at various historical moments adds complexity to this question, as a notion of value based on eloquence and aesthetics as the foundation of civilization (and/or 'civility') have had to compete, at different junctures (from Dante to Montaigne, from European Romanticism to Modernism), with the attribution of value to the ideal of the 'common people', the 'noble savage', and various forms of simplicity and primitivism. These competing but mutually dependent concepts have informed European colonialism, dividing the European from its 'non-European other' (the 'erring barbarian', as Iago calls Othello), but have also divided Europe along historically changeable boundaries (Barbarians threatening the Roman Empire from the North and East, descriptions of the 'medieval Balkans' by nineteenth-century Western European travellers, the primitive South seen from the Protestant North in the writings of Mme de Staël, André Gide, D.H. Lawrence…), while artificially constructed periodizations (e.g., 'the medieval') collaborate in defining the 'true' nature of Europe (as when Eliot nostalgically praises the undivided medieval 'mind of Europe' that can 'think together', or politicians want to include references to 'the Christian roots of Europe' in the EU Constitution).
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The Master of Arts in School Counseling program trains students on a faith-oriented campus to become successful school counselors in K-12 public or private schools. The program is accredited by the Teacher Standards and Practices Commission (TSPC) in conjunction with the Oregon Educational Act for the 21st Century.
Together with a Christian frame of reference and Christian faculty, this program will provide you with a solid foundation of counseling skills and theories to promote the academic, social and emotional development of children through a constructive method. Building on current research, you'll learn to develop a comprehensive school counseling program and a professional identity as a school counselor that reflects the National Model and the Oregon Framework. Successful graduates promote the highest standards in academic performance, student welfare, as well as safe and violent-free environments.
The adult-friendly environment permits students to individualize their program through choices of topics on papers and presentations within required coursework and selected internship sites.
Apply Now Request Information Schedule an Appointment
learning objectives
Upon completion of the Master of Arts in School Counseling Program, candidates will:
- Demonstrate ethical and legal consideration specifically related to the practice of school counseling.
- Demonstrate knowledge of theories and processes of effective counseling and wellness programs for individual students and groups of students.
- Demonstrate multicultural competencies and advocacy in relations to diversity, equity and opportunity in student learning and development.
- Understand the influence of multiple factors that may affect the personal, social, and academic functioning of students and the use of various forms of assessments for these.
- Demonstrate how to critically evaluate research relevant to the practice of school counseling and apply those research findings to the field.
- Understand and evaluate programs designed to enhance student academic, school to work transition, career planning, social and emotional development.
- Know strategies and methods for collaborating with school staff, parents, families and community members to empower them to act on behalf of their children.
Understand the school counselor's role in student assistance programs, school leadership, curriculum and advisory meetings.
admission requirements
- A free application for admission.
- Official transcripts showing completion of a bachelor's degree from a regionally accredited college or university, with a minimum undergraduate GPA of 3.0.
- A statement of purpose of two-three pages (double-spaced) articulating interest in school counseling as a profession.
- Current resume.
- One letter of recommendation that specifically address the academic ability, work performance and character of the applicant.
- Two Disposition Assessments.
- A personal interview with the admissions committee.
- An official test score on the TOEFL (minimum score of 550 on the paper test, the minimum score of 213 on computer test) for applicants from non-English speaking countries.
- Documentation of teaching experience (Track I only) in the form of a copy of contracts or a letter from a principal or superintendent.
- A copy of teaching license (Track I only).
Please complete and return admission pieces via email at: firstname.lastname@example.com or in person/by mail to: Office of Graduate Admissions, 828 E. 11th Ave. Eugene, OR 97401-3745,
or via fax at: 541-349-5281
Tuition: $700/credit
*Tuition rates are subject to change
Financial Aid Information
At NCU, we know financial aid inside and out and can help you apply for and receive the best financial aid package available.
Veteran Benefit Information
NCU is approved by the Oregon Department of Education and the Department of Veteran Affairs for educating students who are eligible for VA educational benefits. You can begin receiving your educational benefits in just a few, simple steps!
School Counseling Tracks
Program Director: Kathy Ditommaso Owen, M.S.
M.S., Western Oregon University
Primary Responsibilities:
Oversee the Teacher Education and School Counseling Programs


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Peter Swan, president of International Space Elevator Consortium (ISEC), was quoted as saying that an Earth Based Space elevator could cost close to $10 billion to build and could reduce the cost of putting things into orbit from roughly $3,500 per pound today to as little as $25 per pound.
There is some carbon nanotube bundles that would be strong enough at 80 GPA of strength. However, there is less of this material than you would use to floss your teeth.
There will be a space experiment called the Space Tethered Autonomous Robotic Satellite–Mini elevator, or STARS-Me. It was devised by physicists from Japan's Shizuoka University. They will 10-meter steel tether in space. This is like a toothpick bridge representing a proof of concept for a 100-mile long bridge. Again you do not have the equivalent of the 1000's of tons of steel and cement.
The elevator car portion has not been proven beyond 1000 meters instead of the 50,000 kilometers.
The elevator cars have to go through the radiation belt.
If a fully reusable SpaceX BFR is built then 100 tons would be launched every time and only the cost of fuel would be needed. This would bring the cost of rockets down to $80 per kilogram launch cost ($32 per pound). A rocket system where construction has started, the engine is almost developed and some level of reusable rockets have been demonstrated has costs that are almost as good as a low-ball price estimate of a system where the technology does not exist.
The cost estimate of $10 billion for something 40,000 miles long. China spent $600 billion on high-speed rail lines using well-known technology and cement and steel from 2013-2017. China built shorter high-speed rail lines than the 40,000 mile length of the proposed space elevator.
No Space Elevator has ever been built and we have almost none of the required construction materials.
A 24-mile bridge was built in China for $2 billion. One mile long bridges in the US can cost $6.5 billion.
The $10 billion cost estimate seems like a silly and insane low-ball guess.
If the nanotechnology advances to make that much super-strong materials then vastly improved reusable rockets could be built or super cheap space planes would become possible that would be even lower cost than the proposed SpaceX BFR. The alternative advanced access to space would be cheaper than the space elevator using technology to make the space elevator possible.
We have the materials to make and deploy a lunar space elevator in one launch but we have not built it.
It seems the space elevator is an inferior design that is barely theoretically possible and which will not be less expensive.


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Life Safety: High-rise elevator, sprinkler retrofit/Life Safety Evaluation ordinance and other building requirements
A service of the Hyde Park-Kenwood Community Conference, its Development Zoning and Preservation task force, and its website, www.hydepark.org. The following is presented as a service of the Hyde Park-Kenwood Community Conference website www.hydepark.org and the Condominiums/Cooperatives Committee of HPKCC. Help support our work as watchdog, forum and clearing house: Join the Conference.
SEPT. BY THE COMMITEE AND CITY COUNICIL. Hairston and other lakefront ald (except
Burns and Moore) supported the deferral. This is thought by many not so bad
except 1) possibility that it could be used as excuse for future expensive mandates,
2) potential for abuse including in competition between buildings as information
is to shared. SEE DETAILS!!!
5th Ward Monthly Meeting combined with meeting by 7th Ward Alderman Natasha Holmes to focus on the proposed city Energy Benchmark Inventory Survey (SEE DETAILS)- a mandate including for large residential buildings. PASSED CITY COUNCIL SEPTEMER 12.
INSPECTOR DROPPED (suspended!) HIS July 2013 PROPOSAL FOR SPRINKLER AND OTHER
RETROFITS, at least for now-- the public was heard loud and clear.
( Alarm has been sounded over the state's fire marshal's determination to require retrofitting of buildings with sprinklers and other life-safety devices. The legislature could act to stop. There will be dispute as to whether the city ordinance supersedes Rep. Currie thinks the city overrides and there is no state legislation. In the August 25 Herald, she shares her letter to Gov. Quinn on the subject.)
City Council September 11 passed ordinances requiring restaurants (any place selling alcohol except package stores) to post and ban firearms from their establishments.
Early 21st c. Chicago Bldg. Code
revisions in light of disasters. To Condo/Co-ops
Committee. To Taxes, High
Assessments, Exemptions and Rebates. To Community
News. To Development Issues
and Policy. Community
ENERGY BENCHMARK ORDINANCE DETAILS (to be voted on by City Council in September)
Ald. Hairston writes: Energy Benchmark Ordinance
The City of Chicago has introduced a mandatory energy disclosure ordinance that will ultimately affect all buildings over 50,000 sq. ft., both commercial and residential.
There are a number of concerns as to how the "Energy Benchmark" Ordinance may impact the bottom lines of both property owners and renters. As 5th Ward Alderman, I am joining my colleague in the 7th Ward to schedule a briefing on the proposed ordinance. Ald. Natasha Holmes and I invite you to attend my next scheduled ward meeting on Tuesday, August 27, 2013 at Hyde Park Academy High School, 6220 S. Stony Island Ave., 6:00 p.m.
•It will affect all apartment and condo buildings of 50,000 sq. ft. or more by June of 2016. All residential buildings of over 250,000 sq. ft. must disclose energy use by 2015
•The failure of any tenant or owner to provide information to the landlord or condo will result in a fine of up to $100 for the first violation, and an additional fine of $25 for each day the violation continues. While electric bills are readily available from ComEd, you must get your tenants and unit owners to disclose gas usage.
•Condos will need to have energy usage verified by a licensed professional in the first year and prior to each third benchmarking deadline thereafter.
•Poor energy efficiency scores could stigmatize properties at time of sale and result in lower property values.
•Condo fees could rise due to additional responsibilities upon associations to report, and could also include the requirement for future retrofitting and upgrades to meet City standards or goals.
The proposed ELEVATOR ORDINANCE AND FINE SCHEDULE 2009. (See below on the evaluation/sprinkler and other life-safety requirements.)
early 2012, even though some deadlines have been extended to 2015, the city
is urging buildings to get those plans in and approved as soon as possible and
get the work done. Under half have approved plans.
Porches next?
It's mid July 2013 and the papers report that a state agency will impose tight new rules unless the legislature in some way acts by mid August-- these include required retrofitting (as well as new structures) with sprinklers, new alarm systems and more.
July 31, Wednesday, 6-8 pm. Hearing by the Leg. Comm. on Rules and the State Fire Marshall's Office @ Rep. Dunkin on the proposed requirements for condo and buildings for sprinklers etc. HIGHLY IMPORTANT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Roosevelt Univ. auditorium, 430 S. Michigan.
Condo buildings' garbage rebate- only in buildings of 3 and more units (owner-occupied units) that received the rebate Jan 2009- Nov 9, 2011 were said to be eligible, but payments are at least 3 years behind (in mid 2013) and from 2012 the amount goes down to zero over four years.
The following already reflects considerable modification of a proposed city ordinance- and still many buildings are behind submitting for acceptance, let alone completing their work before deadlines.
Elevators could cost locals big $. Ordinance would mandate emergency brakes; could see easing of facade ordinance.
Hyde Park Herald, September 23, 2009. By Sam Cholke
Fifth Ward building owners expressed their irritation at a meeting with the city's buildings commissioner last week over a code change that could mean costly repairs to elevators without an emergency brake. The new code would require hydraulic elevators installed prior to 1972 to have an emergency braking system installed, Buildings Commissioner Richard Monocchio told about 80 people gathered at the South Shore Cultural Center Sept. 14. He said the full repair typically costs $40,000 per elevator.
Ald. Leslie Hairston (5th), who organized the meeting, characterized the buildings affected in her ward as mostly 12- to 40-unit buildings: smaller residential structures where an $80,000 repair bill for two elevators could sink a building owner. "This bottom line is it's going to cost them," she said. "I don't care how you draw it out, the economy is bad -- now is not the time."
"Hasn't this city seen enough foreclosures for crying out loud?" said one woman in the audience. "Can't we wait a couple years for the real estate market to back on its feet?"
Of approximately 5,000 of such elevators citywide, there are 106 elevators in Hairston's ward that will need to be inspected, according to a list provided by the city's Department of Buildings. Many of these elevators are on the University of Chicago campus.
Peter Cassel, director of community development for MAC Property Management, one of the largest owners of residential properties in Hyde Park, said MAC might have many elevators affected by the code change. Cassel questioned why the city decided to issue a mandate now if the elevators have been a known issue since 1972 and requested to see a copy of the draft ordinance. He also questioned Monocchio n how other cities had handled the issue.
"Being stewards of public safety, we can't wait until something bad happens," Monocchio said. Though few injuries have occurred in Chicago because of these elevators, state inspectors are now finding two to three elevators a week with problems, he said. The Department of Buildings declined to release a draft of the ordinance to the Herald. Monocchio struggled to say why the change was coming now, except that the city was in the process of streamlining the building code to address past oversights and reduce burdensome fees and inspections. "We do more inspections than any other city," he said.
But the meeting wasn't all bad news for residents. Monocchio also said the Department of Buildings would no longer be requiring the expensive every-four-year inspection of building facades. Those at the meeting described it as a crushing expense for buildings just barely over teh 80-foot height limit mandating the inspections. For a 100-foot tall building, costs for just the inspection can cost $25,000 even if no scaffolding needs to be put up, said Erol Altay and architect for Altay Architects that does inspections of terracotta buildings, in a phone interview. If even a minor repair is needed, the cost is tens of thousands of dollars higher because most repairs require scaffolding to be erected, he said.
Starting later in the year, visual inspections from the ground can be submitted if a hands-on exam has been performed in the last two years. Monocchio and others at the meeting said visual inspections typically cost between $2,000 and $4,000.
The city also will be eliminating some of the inspections on heating and cooling systems in "mon and pop" sized businesses, Monocchio said. "No other city does it," he said.
Proposed changes to the exterior wall building code are available on the Department of Buildings Web site, cityofchicago.org/buildings. Proposed changes to the elevator building code are currently in the Committee on Buildings in the City Council.
In spring, 2007 Ald. Hairston introduced an ordinance holding up citywide "critical examination" requirements until further review of financial impacts, especially on large buildings, by the commissioner of buildings. The present law requires the exam even if the owner has been diligent and there is no indication of problems.
4,2005 Alderman Toni Preckwinkle held the next in a number of meetings in which
city reps explain and take comments on the Life and Safety Evaluation/Sprinkler
Retrofit ordinance for high rises, passed in December 2004 by City Council.
See summary, below. More full description and report
Your bldg. over 80 feet? Did it let slip the April 1 deadline for the Data Sheet of basic info for the Fire Department? Have you started on the Life Safety Evaluation due January 1, 2006?
City site: http://www.cityofchicago.org/buildings. e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com
In this page:
Quick summary from the Dept. of Buildings
The City of Chicago's recently
enacted (December 15, 2004) Life Safety and High Rise Sprinkler Ordinance
will better protect the lives of building occupants in pre-1975 high-rise
buildings by requiring enhanced, more stringent and effective safety measures
in both residential and commercial high-rise buildings. In addition to requiring
sprinklers in most commercial high-rise buildings, the ordinance also requires
residential high-rise building owners to submit thorough Life Safety Evaluations
the City. There are about 16,000 commercial and 6,000 residential buildings over 80 feet in height in Chicago.
Building owners who retain
an architect or engineer to complete the Life Safety Evaluation and implement
the recommended improvements will help Chicago's commercial and residential
high-rise buildings become
safer than ever before. The new requirement of a Life Safety Evaluation concerns buildings that (1) were built prior to 1975, (2) are more than 80 feet in height, (3) are without sprinklers throughout, and (4) are
occupied for non-transient uses - or, (5) is a city-designated landmark high-rise building of any occupancy.
Please view the City of Chicago Department of Buildings Web site, http://www.cityofchicago.org/buildings for more information about the Life Safety and High Rise Sprinkler Ordinance.
By-the-way: Don't think there will be no new responsibilities for lower-height buildings or detached homes. Some have been enacted some time ago, like detectors, others are in the pipeline.
Alderman updates building fire codes
Hyde Park Herald, March 30, 2005. By Jeremy Adragna
It has been more than a year since local lawmaker discussed publicly the possibility the city may require high-rise tenants to retrofit t heir homes with sprinkler systems--the cost of which could send residents of East Hyde Park's many high-rises packing to avoid paying as much as $20 per-square-foot to do so. [Note-this figure is vigorously disputed by some.]
This week Ald. Toni Preckwinkle (4th) kicked off a series of community meetings in which se planned to discuss legislation recently passed in City Council called the Life Safety Evaluation ordinance. The ordinance will impact all buildings eight stories or taller, according to Preckwinkle's office.
Following an October 2003 fire in the downtown Cook County Administration building that killed six, including Hyde Parker Janet Johnson Grant, many aldermen and Mayor Richard M. Daley looked to revamp the city's archaic building code. By January 2004, Preckwinkle and Ald. Leslie Hairston (5th) met with Hyde Parkers to inform them of two proposed ordinances introduced to City Council that would require sprinklers to be retrofitted in all high-rise apartments as early as 2008. Many residents considered this timeline unattainable.
Committee hearings dragged on for months at City Hall. In July, a county panel headed by former federal judge and Hyde Parker Abner Mikva finally produce an investigative report into the fire recommending the installation of sprinkler systems in commercial buildings, but did not recommend they be retrofitted in residential high-rises. "The Chicago Building Code in effect at the time of the fire did not provide adequate life safety in high-rise buildings," the report reads. "The six deaths and serious injuries that occurred in the fire would not have occurred if the building had been equipped with fire sprinklers."
In August, the state stepped into the fray by requiring all student-occupied dormitories to be retrofitted with sprinklers. [Note- state law has long required retrofit of all high-rises.] University of Chicago officials estimated they would eventually spend $5 million to install sprinklers on the 1,300 beds...
[continued April 6:]
Friday, April 1 was the final day to file the newly required "Life Safety Data Sheet," for high-rise buildings taller than eight stories. The sheet is designed to be a reference for firefighters, in case of emergency, to brief themselves of particular fire safety tools in place in every building in Chicago.
All high rises built before 1975 must now be equipped with certain fire prevention tools outlined in a city ordinance passed in December, like two-way communication systems by 2010...
Commercial high-rises are the only buildings which are required under the new code to install sprinkler systems. those are due by 2017 on a graduated cycle. Every building not required to install sprinklers must be inspected by a license architect to determine what larger fir safety measures need to be updated like certain elevator mechanisms an fire-rated walls. The inspection is separate from the data sheet and must be performed by Jan. 1, 2006. Improvements must then be completed by 2012.
....Alderman Preckwinkle said, "You have to look at t he situation and say 'what can we do to try to push people to be sure that their buildings are safe and that people have adequate protection within their units and have opportunities to leave in case of an emergency.'"...
December 15 City Council passed an ordinance mandating sprinklers in all tall commercial buildings within 12 years and an inspection and improvements for residential. Is this the end? Is it enough?
December, 2004, just after the devastating La Salle Bank (Field Bldg.) fire, City Council approved the Bernard Stone ordinance giving commercial structures 12 years to retrofit sprinklers but exempts old residential structures from retrofit. Not certain whether passed was the part that requires in these residential buildings installation of a 2-way communication system, a life-safety evaluation, and hefty fines. Alderman Hairston is on record as preferring a funded system of rebates for work done in buildings.
As of July, 2004, A compromise substitute ordinance by Alderman Bernard Stone had been expected gain general support, replacing the Burke and city proposed ordinances calling for retrofit of high rises (over 8 stories) as early as 2008. The Stone proposal would exempt non-transient (non-hotel) residential buildings including historic, historic-district, and red and orange historic survey properties while keeping most other proposed requirements and (add?) a communications center accessible to each floor. A hearing is expected by fall.
Meanwhile, the state has enacted a law requiring all university dorm space to be retrofitted by 2013. UC and IIT already have been doing so. IIT is expected to use a state low-interest loan program.
A provocative remark, by John Buri of IIT, related to the new statute on dorms, "It's just a matter of time, It's a good thing to do anyway. Nothing good is going to come out of [a fire]. Even if everyone does get out safely, what we want to do is take care of it before anything happens. Smoke detectors save lives. Sprinklers save property. If you have a choice, make it a smoke detector. Sprinklers are good if you ar a property owner."
Note also that the Fire Department, as first shown in the LaSalle St. fire, now does sweeps to make sure all are out before it starts to fight the fire and fill stairwells with equipment.
Mikva Commission Report on the County Building fire, only called for retrofit of commercial buildings by a "firm but attainable deadline." On July 15, 2004 Mayor Daley took a very cautious approach concerning what changes might be made in light of the Mikva report. The County and Witt reports on the County fire call for retrofit; so does Governor Blagojevich
Two retrofit proposals were in play, by the Mayor (Actually the Life and Safety --see the Bldg. Dept. website including John Robertson's cover letter) and by Ald. Burke. Ald. Hairston and Preckwinkle believed both add a huge cost burden, threatened viability of buildings and neighborhoods, and added only marginal safety for owners, residents and occupants.
The major difference between the two proposals was that the Mayor's provides an alternative program to sprinkler retrofit by qualifying structures and exempts (only) transient hotels. Burke's exempted part of Landmarked structures. But the differences are really much more complex, as are the pro and con cases, with wild differences in cost estimates. Note that some misinformation about the Mayor's proposal was given January 12--it was really tougher. A key element is that few if any provisions for rebates or incentives have been passed at any government level and grand fathering doubtful. Fines under any ordinance will likely be hefty. Plans may still have to be filed as soon as late 2005 and work done by 2008 or 2009. Note that the insurance industry may trump all by making retrofit a condition for insurance. Strongest discussion at the hearings was on impacts on commercial structures.
The following is the presentation (with some added comments by the presenter) of the city to a meeting April 4, 2005 convened by Alderman Preckwinkle. Attendees had many questions, a few were upset that buildings were to pay for the inspection due by the end of the year and that the inspections were being done by private architectural firms rather than city employees. The presenter stressed that the cost is an order of magnitude lower than the facade inspection and the requirements are really for basic essentials including especially effective emergency response. Some large building residents told how they have researched and gotten a leg up on this and not at high cost.
Summary of the Ordinance:
Life Safety Data Sheet (due April 1, 2005)
Voice Communication Systems
Retrofit fire protection systems
What is a Smokeproof Tower and Fire Shield [technical-see website]
Fire Resistance Rating Requirements
Life Safety Evaluations
Stairwell door unlocking
How to select a design professional
The following meeting call and community alert was issued jointly by Alderman Leslie A. Hairston (5th) and Alderman Toni Preckwinkle (4th) in December, 2003.
The meeting was held Monday, January 12, 2004
Dear 4th and 5th Ward residents:
Fourth Ward Alderman Toni Preckwinkle and I are writing to inform you we will hold a joint community meeting to discuss a proposed amendment to the city's fire code. The new ordinance calls for all apartment buildings in the City of Chicago built in the City of Chicago built before 1975 and more than 80 feet tall to install automatic fire sprinklers.
If passed, the ordinance will require building owners, at their own expense, to present plans to retrofit existing structures by the beginning of 2005 and the completion of the first third of work on new sprinkler systems in each building by the start of 2008.
As your Aldermen, we are very concerned about the potential costs this ordinance, if passed, will have on our constituency. We are cognizant of the fact that many of your buildings have recently completed your facade critical examinations at substantial expense. We do not want to support sweeping and cost prohibitive legislation.
Your input on this matter is encouraged. The meeting will be held Monday, January 12, 2004 at the Hyde Park Neighborhood club, 5480 S. Kenwood Ave. at 6:30 p.m. Please call 773-324-5555 or 773 536-8103 for more information.
Leslie A. Hairston, Alderman,
Fifth Ward
Toni Preckwinkle, Alderman, Fourth Ward
Hyde Park Herald, January 4, 2004
In the wake of the tragic fire in the office building at 69 W. Washington Blvd., one of our colleagues in the City Council has proposed an ordinance, which if passed, will require the installation of an automatic fire sprinkler system in every building 80-feet-tall or taller in the city of Chicago.
We oppose this ordinance because we feel it imposes an unfair and onerous financial burden on high rise condominium and building owners while offering very limited benefit.
The deaths caused by the fire at 69 W. Washington Blvd. ar still under investigation and there are several contributing factors. While no one denies that the additional safeguard of a sprinkler system could have saved lives in this instance, we cannot lose sight of the more basic fact that the city currently maintains a rigorous fire code that more than adequately protects the city's high rise dwellers and that many of t he buildings in the Fourth and Fifth Wards already meet or exceed current fire and building code requirements.
The proposed ordinance will have at best only a symbolic impact on improving fire safety in the city. Though high in profile, high-rise apartments make up only a tiny fraction of the city's housing stock. The vast majority of fires occur in buildings six-stories tall or less.
According to the National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA), a national fire safety research organization, annually more than 90 percent of residential apartment fires and 93 percent of the deaths associated with them occurred in apartment building less than seven stories tall. Further, 87 percent of all fires and nearly 90 percent of the deaths occurred in apartment buildings less than five stories tall.
While speaking to the fears attached to the spectacular images of flames billowing out of the windows seen on the nightly news, this ordinance completely misses the mark, failing to even passingly address the needs of an overwhelming majority of the city's residents.
Furthermore, the proposed ordinance will impose tremendous costs on affected building and condominium owners.
One condominium building in East Hyde Park has projected the cost of a sprinkler retrofit at between $3 and $4 million- an expense of $25,000 to $80,000 per unit. According to NFPA, the total cost associated with these fire annually adds up to only about $30 million nationwide. This latest expense would arrive close on the heels of 2002's facade inspection ordinance, which forced the management of that same east Hyde Park building to perform a $2 million inspection of the building's entire facade at a cost of $20,000 to $50,000 per unit.
The impact of the new ordinance will not be limited to high-income renters and owners. In order to afford to upgrade, affordable housing owners will have to get additional subsidies from the city or state, which in this economic climate will likely not be forthcoming.
Middle- and low-income renters in the city will likely be keenly affected as the building owners, through their management companies are forced to pass the sprinkler expense on to tenants by raising rents, putting off building maintenance or simply removing the units from the housing market entirely.
This escalating series of expenses can only serve to further reduce the already dwindling supply of affordable housing in the city by pricing high-rise housing stock out of the reach of many current and potential residents and reducing the overall number of affordable units in the city.
We will be hosting a joint community meeting to address these concerns Monday, January 12, 2004 at the Hyde Park Neighborhood Club, 5480 South Kenwood Ave. at 6:30 p.m. We urge all concerned residents to attend. For more information, call 324-5555 or 536-8103.
FROM: David Guyer, President, a Hyde Park condominium building Board of Directors and member of the Board of Directors, Hyde Park-Kenwood Community Conference. Modified from updates compliments of the author.
SUBJECT: Meeting summary—sprinkler ordinance
DATE: 13 January 2004
Here is a brief summary of the community meeting held Monday evening at the Hyde Park Neighborhood Club on the proposed high-rise sprinkler retrofit ordinance. There are currently two ordinances—one proposed by Alderman Edward Burke (14); the other proposed by Mayor Richard M. Daley.
· All buildings greater than 80 feet in height and built before 1975. No exemptions for residential buildings of any type
· Retrofit to be completed by January 2008. Allows for hardship appeal but only grants a time extension, not a waiver of the requirements under the ordinance
· Fines of $500.00 to $10,000 per day for failure to comply with the ordinance
· Portions of buildings that are landmarked are exempt from the ordinance
· All buildings greater than 80 feet in height and built before 1975. Exempts "transient" residential buildings only
· Retrofit completed by December 2009. No information provided on hardship appeals
· No information available on fines
· Landmarked buildings have no exemptions from the ordinance
· Contains an alternative for the requirement of a sprinkler retrofit. Allows for a "fire safety evaluation" of buildings, whereby they are rated on a point system conducted by a licensed architectural engineer (similar to the critical examination). Results of that evaluation will determine what a building will be required to do. Not as costly as a sprinkler retrofit, although a sprinkler retrofit could be required as a result of this inspection if certain standards are not met.
A representative of the Chicagoland Apartment Association stated that their preliminary research indicates that a complete sprinkler retrofit of the Narraganset Condominium would cost $20.00 per square foot (not just the sprinkler installation, but including all the ancillary components—plastering, environmental remediation, and the like) and would cost several million dollars. (The Narraganset, the Powhatan in Hyde Park and other buildings were included as "examples" in a packet of various building retrofit costs.) I urge owners and residents to attend the series of meetings to be held by the Committee on Buildings of the Chicago City Council. The first of this series of three will be at 10:00 a.m. on Friday, 16 January 2004 in the Council Chambers on the second floor of City Hall, 121 North La Salle Street. There will be an opportunity for public comment at this meeting.
I have also enclosed a timetable for consideration of this ordinance by the Chicago City Council. As you can readily see the current proposal calls for action by the City Council in March 2004.
A petition drive has been undertaken in certain buildings—and by all means attend any meetings you can. The City Council responds to this type of citizen action!
Hyde Park Herald, January 21, 2004. By Jeremy Adragna
When Lee and Michael Behnke moved to Hyde Park and into the historic Jackson Park Tower apartments six years ago, they did not expect to shell out tens of thousands of dollars for renovations requested by the city. The couple moved from Boston in 1998 to begin careers at the University of Chicago, but say they have considered moving back because of expensive demands the city has made in recent years on high-rise dwellers.
Now a pair of recently proposed city ordinances would stick high-rise residents with the substantial cost of retro-fitting their buildings with automatic sprinkler systems. When Lee Behnke heard the clamor from her neighbors about the possible renovation she thought, "Let's go back to Boston. I love Chicago, but how much of this can you take?"
Both ordinances, one authored by Mayor Richard M. Daley and the other by 14th Ward Ald. Edward Burke, would require the owners of buildings taller than eight stories, with some exceptions, to install sprinkler systems, regardless of cost, by a early as 2008.
Costs have been estimated by th Chicagoland Apartment Association at $20 per square foot, although some, including Mayor Daley in a similar 1999 push for sprinkler systems, have made much lower estimates. Residents of the 15-story Jackson Tower apartments, overlooking the Museum of Science and Industry, could be forced to pay as much as $60,000 each to install the sprinklers. The Behnkes say they were hit with a $40,000 price tag as part of Jackson Tower's facade rehab which started two years ago--stemming from a 1996 ordinance mandating crumbling high-rise facades be annually inspected.
"Those on a fixed income can't ever pay for the facade," Michael Behnke said. "The thought of another major requirement could price people right out of the market."
Fifth Ward Ald. Leslie Hairston and 4th Ward Ald. Toni Preckwinkle met with area residents at the Hyde Park Neighborhood Club... in a first-of-its-kind meeting last week to inform them of the proposals and to hear concerns about the high costs.
"This proposed ordinance would have a dramatic effect on your pocketbook," Preckwinkle told a crowd of nearly150 homeowners. Hairston encouraged residents to attend the public hearings to voice their concerns--the one thing, she says, City Council listens to.
"It's a long way from passage right now," Ald Hairston said. "I do not support Alderman Burke's proposal....he has no high-rises in his ward. The bottom line is that it's there and this is what we have to deal with."
Lee Behnke, who is a member of Jackson Tower's board of residents, says she and other residents may look to avoid the cost altogether by applying for for landmark designation--one of the loopholes in Daley's proposal [sic-it is not]. But that process could take up to two years.
But many across Hyde Park are not as lucky. Lease-holders and multiple-building owners such as the University of Chicago could be forced to take the full brunt of the retrofit cost--likely spiraling into millions of dollars. The cost could also send renters packing if owners look to defray the high costs by passing them to tenants--sending rents through the roof.
The new citywide regulations have been proposed on the heels of an October fire in the Cook County Administration building, 69 W. Washington Ave., that killed six, including Hyde Parker Janet Johnson Grant.
The ordinance are still being discussed in City Council committee and several public hearings will be held in coming weeks before the matter is brought before City Council.
Here is a brief summary of the Committee on Buildings public hearing held 16 January 2004 in the City Council Chambers regarding the proposed "Life Safety Evaluation System" prepared for the City of Chicago, Department on Construction and Permits, and the Chicago Fire Department. As I indicated previously, there are two ordinances under consideration—one proposed by Alderman Edward Burke (14); the other proposed by Mayor Richard M. Daley, presented by John A. Roberson, Executive Director of the Department of Construction and Permits (copy enclosed).
At the conclusion of a presentation made by Roberson and the consultant group, Alderman Hairston and other members of the Committee (Alderman Preckwinkle is not on this particular committee) expressed concerns that the proposal was hastily drafted, and questioned why no one from the Fire Department was present at the Committee meeting to answer questions about it. Alderman Hairston also expressed concerns about buildings with historic architectural features, which are not exempt from the requirements of these proposals, contrary to what was initially conveyed at the meeting held at the Hyde Park Neighborhood Club. (I also raised this issue when I gave testimony, as did Ed Garrett, president of the Jackson Park Towers Condominium Association, and several other speakers from condominium associations on the North Side. At this juncture we do not know what changes, if any, are going to be made to this evaluative system.)
With the exception of one speaker from the public, all those who spoke were opposed to any further mandates like those proposed. Four individuals from the sprinkler industry spoke to the Committee, providing testimony relative to the desirability of having sprinkler systems and providing statistics on installation costs, which were refuted by others during the course of the public testimony. For example, the costs quoted for sprinkler retrofits by the industry representatives were costs for exposed bare pipe installation only, and did not include other costly factors like the installation of soffits, re-plastering, drilling or jack hammering through walls, or other costs associated with a retrofit in older buildings like the Narragansett.
There are also several pieces of legislation at the local, state, and national level that propose tax breaks for sprinkler installation, but no details were provided.
There will be
two additional public hearings:
Wednesday, 28 January 2004
10:00 a.m.
City Council Chambers
Friday, 6 February
10:00 a.m.
City Council Chambers
· All buildings greater than 80 feet in height and built before 1975. No exemptions for residential buildings of any type
· Retrofit to be completed by January 2008. Allows for hardship appeal but only grants a time extension, not a waiver of the requirements under the ordinance
· Fines of $500.00 to $10,000 per day for failure to comply with the ordinance· Portions of buildings that are landmarked are exempt from the ordinance
· All buildings greater than 80 feet in height and built before 1975. Exempts "transient" residential buildings
· Does not exempt landmarked buildings
· Requires a "Life Safety Evaluation" (LSE) to be performed by a licensed professional engineer or a licensed architect, which is submitted to the Department of Construction and Permits
· Submitted no later than 1 January 2005; plan fully implemented by 31 December 2009. No information given on hardship appeals
· If full automatic sprinkler protection is provided by the owner, a 12-year installation schedule may be employed
· Three evaluative criteria which are ranked on a point system: Fire Safety, Means of Egress, and General Safety
· 18 "parameters" used for evaluating and scoring a building (see attached proposal)
· There are minimum "passing" scores for residential buildings (all scores based on a building that is "not fully sprinklered"): Fire Safety, 33; Means of Egress, 37; and General Safety, 37
· No information provided on fines
· Other options briefly mentioned but no details provided regarding a building that does not meet the evaluative criteria
A representative of the Chicagoland Apartment Association stated that their preliminary research indicates that a complete sprinkler retrofit of the Narragansett Condominium would cost $20.00 per square foot (not just the sprinkler installation, but including all the ancillary components—plastering, environmental remediation, and the like) and would cost several million dollars. (The Narragansett was part of an "examples" packet of various building retrofit costs that was handed out by Alderman Hairston at the meeting. The Powhatan and several other buildings were also given as examples.)
Note, the January 12th meeting was promoted by HPKCC through, among other means, a letter from Aldermen Hairston and Preckwinkle placed in this website page and sent as a service in HPKCC membership renewal notices. HPKCC did not participate in calling or running the meeting. Gary Ossewaarde
To HPKCC from Leonardo Herzenberg, resident
I am an owner
in [a Hyde Park high-rise] Condo building, a former board member, and currently
chair of the Maintenance and Operations committee however, in writing this message
I speak only for myself, not as a representative of [my building]. Also, unlike
many building owners, I welcome city codes regarding safety issues. The good
side of code requirements is that they encourage people with good intentions
to get moving on implementation. The bad side is that many owners take the approach
"if it meets present code we need not do anything," even in the face
of imminent hazards. In [my building] evidence was gradually accumulating that
spalling concrete from the facade (I once found a piece on the ground in a
location that I walk over almost every day). The need to do something was widely acknowledged, but no action was taken until the most recent Facade Inspection and Repair ordinance was imminent.
On the issue of sprinklers, the proposed new ordinance may seem draconian, and has caused panic in Hyde Park, among other areas with high rise Buildings, but it has also encouraged discussion of the issue. Your sponsorship* of the January 12 meeting has certainly led to much discussion. At the end of that meeting my initial thought was that this must be a lobbying effort by the sprinkler manufacturers, but on further thought, questions came to mind. How were the costs presented estimated? Did anyone involved in producing the estimates have a financial stake in the outcome?
Some of the discussion involved bad statistics. The fact that many more people in Chicago die in low rise fires that in high rise fires was presented as evidence that high rise buildings are inherently fire safe. Of course, it proves nothing of the sort unless the number of housing units in the city in each category were identical. Only the death rate per unit of housing, compared by type of construction, would say anything about inherent fire safety.
Then the much used cliche about the "poor people on fixed incomes" was bandied about. This cliche originated a long time ago when pensioners did indeed have low, fixed, incomes compared to people working good jobs with overtime and advancement prospects. Today people on fixed incomes, including myself, should consider themselves lucky. I know about special assessments - we had one here for the Facade work.
I reviewed the HPKCC website, and had some e-mail correspondence ..., hoping to find more detail on the testimony at the Jan 16 meeting [at City Hall], but all I could find was a summary from their point of view. The January 16 meeting made it clear to me that a lot more information, both technical and financial, including comparisons of expected costs with value of the assets in question was needed. One of the major agenda items in this meeting was presentations by four witnesses invited by Alderman Burke. Between some hearing difficulty and poor note taking skills I did not retain as much of the testimony as I would have liked. I very much would like to obtain a transcript of the testimony, but my impressions follow:
1. A police officer, board member of high rise condo that experienced two lethal fires, has been pushing for sprinklers with no success. Claims that a 25 year bank loan can be obtained easily (I'd like to find out how). Has purchased smoke hoods (providing one hour of air supply) for his unit, recommends them as an important personal line of defense, like local
extinguishers. Is firmly convinced that sprinklers are a necessary element in fire safety.
2. Consultant for sprinkler business association. Importance of sprinklers:
2.1 Limits damage by preventing spread (restricts fire to place of origin).
2.2 Reduces energy content of fire.
2.3 Prevents propagation of toxic fumes.
There is also the issue of insurance. The way insurance costs are exploding, while ability to obtain insurance is crashing, soon a sprinkler system will be a prerequisite for insurance.
3. Contractor in the sprinkler business. For a building that already meets city requirements for standpipes, these may provide the vertical infrastructure for a sprinkler system. If so, cost per square foot drops to $2-3. How many of the building[s] affect[ed] by the ordinance do not have standpipes? How much of the final cost is due to repair/replacement of
decorative features?
4. History of automatic sprinkler systems. Some of the testimony reviewed regulations on sprinklers in other places,
including New York. With typical Chicago parochialisms this was greeted with "This is Chicago. Don't bother me about New York." Keep in mind that Manhattan probably has some of the highest density of living units in skyscrapers of any place in the world, and their experience on fire safety in these buildings could be a useful guide.
One final note: although I often disagree with what Alderman Burke proposes, I was very impressed with his legislative skill, both in lining up excellent witnesses for his cause, and in dealing with opposition witnesses who had not done their homework.
[Ed. See the following report for more detail and qualifiers/critiques of ideas presented at the Jan. 28 hearing.]
Hyde Park Herald, February 4, 2004. By Jeremy Adragna
In the second of three public hearings on proposed amendments to the city's fire code held last week in City Council, construction experts submitted opinions on the feasibility of retrofitting chicago high-rises with sprinkler systems, some saying the cost would be lower than initially predicted.
the pair of ordinances proposed by Mayor Richard M. Daley and 14th Ward Ald. Edward Burke would mandate all buildings taller than 80 feet retrofit sprinkler systems. The proposals have sparked outrage from Hyde Park high-rise dwellers who say costs would be prohibitive...and Hyde Park aldermen say they are considering adding amendments to the ordinances.
Officials from the Building Owners and Manager Association (BOMA) of Chicago submitted findings that put the cost of retrofitting residential buildings taller than 80 feet at $10 per square foot. At a meeting held at the Hyde Park Neighborhood Club, 5355 S. Kenwood Ave., on Jan. 12 the Chicagoland Apartment Association made estimates upwards of $20 per square foot.
BOMA also recommended at the council hearing that the ordinance offer finance and tax incentives for the retrofits as well as extend the time period for compliance from 12 years to 20 years.
Ron Webb, spokesman for the Electrical Contractors Association, also suggested a provision that would allow building occupants to cut construction costs by leaving wires bare opposed to covered with metal conduit. ...
by Leo Herzenberg to HPKCC
Sent: Saturday, January 31, 2004 9:30 PM
Subject: January 28 Chicago Building committee public hearing
I want to share my experience of the part of the meeting I managed to attend:
There were a lot fewer people at this one than at the January 16 meeting, and the atmosphere seemed more relaxed. Leslie Hairston was excellent in forcing witnesses to explain the technical terms they were so glibly throwing about. I am sure that many in the audience, including other aldermen who might have been afraid to ask, benefited.
1. Witness speaking very convincingly about the hazard of cables not enclosed in metal in plenum spaces producing toxic fumes in a fire due to the common use of PVC and fluorine based plastics for cable insulation. PVC will produce hydrogen chloride, and Fluorine based will produce hydrogen fluoride when heated in a fire. Implication that if this is allowed, then fires must be controlled by sprinklers.
2. Representative of a company that sells metal pipe for sprinkler systems implied that PVC products were not safe, but in response to Alderman Stone's questioning would not state that they were not safe.
3. Officer in fire department, and engineer in department, spoke on inspections. Hairston asked for detailed descriptions of a typical inspection. In the course of this discussion it sounded as if inspection standards for residential properties are weaker than those for commercial properties. They were questioned on fire death statistics for various types of structures but did not have ready answers. Would provide them for the next meeting. I would think that if anyone has such data ready at hand it would be the insurance companies....
4. Man with long experience in various positions in fire prevention (don't remember his current position) spoke of the need for sprinklers as the only way to prevent casualties due to toxic gases. Described infamous hotel fire in Florida where people many stories removed from the fire were killed by toxic fumes. Stated that a court had decided they were liable in spite of being totally code compliant. Predicted that if not now, then soon, insurance would not be available without sprinklers. Stated that the city safety evaluation process as an alternative to sprinklers was a "sprinkler avoidance" ordinance that did not meet standards of nationally accepted evaluation protocols (published by the NFPA - National Fire Protection Association.) Their web site offers a huge catalog of information for sale, but very little free information. Spoke
glowingly of new laws, proposed if not yet enacted, that would allow fast depreciation of sprinkler installation costs. Great for a commercial building - don't know how it would help condos.
5. Representative of BOMA (Building Owners and Managers Association) started a power point recital of their great mom and apple pie support of all good things. Time for lunch.
The Burke sprinkler steam roller seems to be moving full power forward. Believable statistics pro or con, and realistic cost estimates, are still missing.
He spoke from
his own experience that one of the first things a firefighter does when presented
with a false ceiling suspected of hiding fire is to pull it down, along with
any wiring inside. There goes your fire protection wiring. He showed photos
of plenum spaces (area between ceiling and floor above) totally congested with
assorted cables. These spaces are regularly visited by people doing communication
and data wiring who may not be well trained and mainly care about getting their
wire in place. Regarding supervisory systems that set off alarms about wire
damage, he again spoke from his own experience, inspecting a building and seeing
a light flashing on the supervisory panel. Building people explained that it
showed a problem with the wiring. Why was no alarm sounding? It had been turned
off because the problem was not getting fixed. A great example of systems that
look good on paper, but are totally dependent on a dedicated maintenance staff
with the resources to do their job.
This witness also commented regarding there being no standards for toxicity at UL. He pointed out that the standard, or baseline material for toxicity comparisons is red oak. Its toxic emissions are defined as 1, anything worse gets a higher number. PVC is much worse (I remember a number between 2.5 and 4), and FEP is worse yet when it gets hot enough, above 5.
A witness who testified on the toxic hazards of PVC, etc at the Jan 28 meeting returned to emphasize the point.
Apparently running low voltage cables in some ducts and plenums has been accepted for some time, but the original standards did not envisage the huge quantities of cable that would be installed to satisfy the needs of data comm.
This brings me to a disturbing realization: If I understood some of the testimony, there are some cases in which flammable materials that emit toxic fumes in fires can be installed in air spaces that are part of a building ventilation system!
This meeting did not have sprinklers on the agenda, but some of the discussion led me to ask myself what kind of fires are sprinklers good for? A witness at the Jan 16 meeting mentioned an overstuffed chair fire. A couch or bed would be other good examples. But what about electrical fires? The tragic fire that led to these meetings was initially described as starting with an electrical fire originating in a ceiling mounted light fixture. Would a sprinkler have detected the heat in time to do any good? Also, we are told all our lives that electrical fires must not be fought with water. Are sprinklers an exception to this rule? Another question: how often do sprinklers open when there is no fire? Is the resulting damage covered by typical insurance policies?
In addition to better statistics on deaths per housing unit for different types of construction, more information on the reliability of sprinkler systems in extinguishing various types of fires, and on the origin of fires, is needed.
Hearings will be held by the Chicago City Council Committee on Buildings (Chair Bernard L. Stone) in January and February concerning an Ordinance on "High Rise Safety and High Rise Sprinkler."
All are at 10 am in City Council Chambers, Room 200 (2nd floor), City Hall,121 N. LaSalle Street.
Wednesday, January 28, 2004
Friday, February 6, 2004
Copies of the agendas (as there will be other items considered) will be available in the office of the chairman of the of the Committee on Buildings, Room 203, City Hall, 3 days prior to each meeting.
Text of High Rise Building Safety Ordinance is in the City of Chicago Department of Construction and Permits website (http://www.cityofchicago.org/) : "Building Code regarding life safety requirements." This writer could not locate a Dept. of Constr and Permits, either on the homepage or in Department of Buildings.
Text of the Life Safety Code is in the Mayor's Office Homepage in the City's Website: "Building Code regarding life safety requirements." This is easy to find: www.cityofchicago.org, in homepage click Building Code Life and Safety requirements. Summaries and chapter by chapter, in pdf.
To send comments to the Committee (tel. 312 744-6855):
Alderman Bernard Stone, Buildings Committee Chairman
121 N. LaSalle St.
Room 203, Office 15
Chicago, IL 60602
Fabio Grego
Department of Constructions and Permits
City Hall, Room 900
121 North LaSalle Street
Chicago, IL 60602
e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com
High-Rise Building Safety Ordinance Timetable
Life Safety Code consideration Timetable (only partially about the sprinkler ordinance)
At a Glance: Comparison of the rival High Rise Building Safety Ordinance
· All buildings greater than 80 feet in height and built before 1975. No exemptions for residential buildings of any type
· Retrofit to be completed by January 2008. Allows for hardship appeal but only grants a time extension, not a waiver of the requirements under the ordinance
· Fines of $500.00 to $10,000 per day for failure to comply with the ordinance
· Portions of buildings that are landmarked are exempt from the ordinance
· All buildings greater than 80 feet in height and built before 1975. Exempts "transient" residential buildings only
· Retrofit completed by December 2009. No information provided on hardship appeals
· No information available on fines
· Landmarked buildings have no exemptions from the ordinance
· Contains what looked like an alternative for the requirement of a sprinkler retrofit-but on second look this is a required evaluation, not a set of loopholes, and seems to require further clarification. Requires a "fire safety evaluation" of buildings, whereby they are rated on a point system conducted by a licensed architectural engineer (similar to the critical examination). Results of that evaluation will determine what a building will be required to do. Note that a sprinkler retrofit could be required as a result of this inspection if certain standards are not met.


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In person hands-on healing can be potent and amazing but has limitations due to space and time. Time is neither linear nor restrictive however it often feels that way as we usually perceive it as slipping away. The distance of space and the passage of time has importance only on the physical plane of existence. Reiki affects us on a much deeper, energetic level. Our true selves are not limited by time or space. We have the ability to connect with all places and all times when we temporarily release our belief in the concept of separation. There is no need to suspend your belief completely; Your intention to bridge the gap and heal across time and space is all that is needed. Distance healing is ideal for anyone and especially beneficial for young children who may have resistance to being still to receive hands-on healing.


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Glenn Tucker | Save our libraries
The subject of libraries has been in the news recently. There is a feeling in some quarters that with the onset of social media and Wi-Fi, libraries have become obsolete and should be closed. Things become obsolete when they are no longer used or are no longer useful.
My early memories of the public library in Brown's Town, St Ann, were of a place that not only had lots of books, but where we went to meet friends and where some community events were held. The likelihood, then, of a printer being located in the library was far from anybody's mind. But change is the only constant, and libraries and librarians will continue to be relevant as we continue to push forward in the Digital Age.
Perhaps a brief history will help us to understand the great purpose of libraries and show how libraries will continue to be relevant during the Digital Age.
The creation of the first libraries marks the end of prehistory and the start of recorded human history. As Egyptians and others developed the earliest forms of writing, scribes began to create archives of clay tablets that listed inventories and records of commercial transactions. They often shared key pieces of information needed to build societies. Documents accumulated by the scribes included medical records, inventories of yearly harvest surpluses, to laws that governed city states, like the Code of Hammurabi. This enabled them to draw on information when needed.
As paper was developed, grand libraries like the Library of Alexandria were built to house the large scrolls that were being developed. Librarians played the important role of connecting scholars with critical information.
As antiquity ended, religious institutions began to take over the functions of private libraries. As the Renaissance and later Enlightenment movements spread throughout Europe, non-religious libraries were opened.
By the 1800s and early 1900s, public libraries were opened in the US and Europe. They were open to everyone.
It is argued that with e-books and the internet, libraries are no longer required. But libraries are not just there for us to browse and borrow. They provide other services and are an important social space.
About 12 years ago, I was mentoring one of our promising athletes. As I was getting to know her, she opened up about conditions in the tenement yard in which she lived. She recalled a toxic, violent environment, but spoke as if it was a problem for the others and not for her.
"So how you deal with it?" I wanted to know.
She was almost dismissive when she said, "Me? As soon as it start me just head fi di library … and nobody see me till library close."
It would be foolish to understate the usefulness of social media and the internet. But some sources are less than reliable. I have found myself in the embarrassing position of urgently forwarding information from the Internet to acquaintances, only to be told that I am peddling fake news. This has never happened with information from a library.
Bill Gates built a high school. They used only e-book texts and students were each loaned a state-of-the-art laptop for 24/7 study. I am reliably informed that Gates, parents and some teachers nearly fell of their collective chairs when it was revealed that students' reading and other scores were lower – year after year – compared to comparable high schools.
E-books have their place, but years of research have shown that retention and learning are better with traditional books. Neurologists, teachers and others say they have theories why this is so, but I have not seen any research that tells me that anyone actually knows why.
Libraries are doing an important job of preserving the sanctity of writing. The grammatical gymnastics witnessed on some of these sites would never be found in a library. (Hello Jane Austin and Boris Pasternak).
In explaining why libraries are obsolete, detractors insist that all one really needs is on the Internet. But does everyone in this society have access to a computer and Internet? Many of our people have limited financial resources and live in small, shared spaces from which they long to escape. They are not conducive to educational pursuits. Having somewhere to go that is both free and safe is a godsend.
The American Institute of Architecture and the American Library Association honour forward-thinking libraries across the US with an annual Best in Library Design award, recognising buildings designed to serve their communities.
Two years ago, the East Boston branch won with an open plan design to enable "families to visit together and not be corralled into separate rooms, while clear sightings maximise staffing efficiency".
Those who read my articles will know that I believe that the quality of parents is what is responsible for the state of the nation. Parents used to love libraries. This is less so now than yesteryear.
Two decades ago, I suggested to a single mother that she allow me to take her two children to join the Tom Redcam library. We went, and they borrowed books. During this last Christmas season, a young lady working in a hardware store reminded me that she was one of those children. I was pleased, until she added, "…and we still have the books…"
Well, I comfort myself with the thought that a prominent Jamaican, and one of my university buddies, was in the habit of tearing out and keeping any useful page of any book in the university library to paste on the wall in his room for revision purposes.
Libraries will not become obsolete if they are shifted from being storehouses for curated, physical collection of books to places for edification, job resources, language learning, skill building, socialising and organizing. Public places where people meet are important to communities.
Libraries offer a social hub for many. If, however, stakeholders myopically allow the cost per transaction to increase beyond what the public is willing to pay, it will become obsolete.
Glenn Tucker, MBA, is an educator and a sociologist. Email feedback to firstname.lastname@example.com and firstname.lastname@example.com


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Cannabis Rotary Evaporation, Part III:
New Uses For An Established Technique
With the cannabis market raking in $6.7 billion in 2016 in the U.S. and Canada and the market expected to hit $20.2 billion by 2021, processors are looking for the best ways to increase their product quality and grow profit margins.
With a predicted compound growth rate of 25%, the market is expected to be bigger than even the dotcom boom, according to Forbes.com.
To produce the highest-quality products, processors are looking to more traditional methods of extraction and isolation. Using techniques long established in the botanical, chemical and distilled spirits industries, cannabis processors have several options to improve their manufacturing techniques.
We've already looked at solvents and ethanol extraction in earlier blogs. Here's a look at how processors can use rotary evaporation to better isolate the extracts and components:
Applying Rotary Evaporation To Cannabis Processing
A fixture in many labs, the rotary evaporator is a common tool for solvent removal. The process allows the solvent to be removed in a controlled manner under vacuum.
It's also easily scalable, ranging from smaller bench top flasks up to 5 liters to pilot scale, using flasks of 20 liters and more. This flexibility makes it very adaptable when processing cannabis.
How The Process Works
As the pressure is reduced using a vacuum pump in the rotary evaporator, the boiling point of the solvent, ethanol in this case, is lowered.
Typically, the distilling flask (A) is filled to 50% volume. The water bath (B) is heated to 30-40°C. The condenser temperature (F), controlled by a recirculating chiller, is set to -10°C to 0°C. Once the water bath and condenser have reached the set points, the distillation flask is rotated from 150-200 rpm. This creates a thin film on the upper surface of the glass cylinder, which increases the solution surface area and enhances the solvent evaporation rate. Applying an appropriate vacuum to the system (H) lowers the boiling point.
To achieve a recommended target, set the vacuum to achieve an ethanol vapor temperature of 15-20°C. As the ethanol evaporates, it will condense and collect into the distillate flask (G). Optimization of the parameters allows for easy reproducibility.
Things To Watch For When Using Rotary Evaporators
While it may be tempting to try to tweak the process by increasing the evaporation rate by lowering the vacuum and/or increasing the water bath temperature, this will cause capacity overload on the condenser. Doing this actually causes the evaporation rate to exceed the condensation capacity of the recirculating chiller.
This causes ethanol vapor to pass through the condenser and into the vacuum pump. Cannabis extracts require lower water bath temperatures to minimize thermal decomposition. So the condenser temperature of -10°C to 0°C will require a chiller with adequate cooling capacity at those low temperatures.
There are other ways to increase throughput while still maintaining quality. There are a variety of options for automatic vacuum control and refilling accessories, both manual and automated, that can be added to rotary evaporators.
To learn more about improving your cannabis processing, read our whitepaper, "The Cannabis Workflow and the Importance of Temperature Control."


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Shimmering and Classy Liquid Lame' Halter Flare Long Gown by Studio 17 Style 12124
Everyone will want to dance with you in Studio 17 Style 12124. This shimmering gown features a shirred halter neckline, a slim fit flare liquid lame' skirt with side slit and an exquisite beaded waistline that will make you the envy of the party. This Studio 17 dress is perfect for observing the holidays, capturing the crown at your next pageant, attending a party, making prom unforgettable, or any once in a lifetime event you may be attending.
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Fabric: Liquid Lame'
Available Colors: Purple/Gold, Turquoise/Gold
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- Fabric: Liquid Lame'
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- Item #: 12124 HOW
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Tuesday, September 2, 2014
Week 7 Weigh in
I lost 1.2 lbs this week, bringing the total weight lost up to 10.8 lbs. Wish it was more, but I ended up missing a workout this week and ate a little too much healthy stuff. Still good foods, just TOO much of them. Blasted delicious melons.
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This month, our competition is open to all of our fans on Facebook. If you give us a like over there, you are in with a chance of winning seven games for the price of zero! If that wasn't cool enough, the prizes have been sourced by the Humble Bundle, meaning not only are you winning some fun games, you're winning games that have donated to charity. This months charity is Save The Children, who does wonderful things to help children with education and safety from any harm that may come to them.
This months Bundle is the Bandai Namco bundle! Amongst these seven games is the infamously tough Dark Souls: Prepare to Die Edition! Please note, you will need a Steam account to redeem the prizes!
How to win
All you have to do to be in with a chance of winning is simply find the hidden message somewhere on this page and let us know what it is, by sending us a private message on Facebook. That's all you have to do. If you were successful, you'll get a notification from us within 24 hours, saying you've been entered into the prize draw for the seven games.
The competition officially starts at 3pm on Facebook, but as readers of GeekOut South-West, you can begin searching right now! Just remember to not spoil it for the others and send us a Private Message on Facebook, not a public message!
But wait, there's more!
Currently, there are seven games up for grabs. Over the coming days and weeks, this might increase. If the Humble Bundle include more games in this months Humble Bundle, then you'll get all the late additions, too.
So what are you waiting for? Look around the page for the hidden word today!


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May 2016 – Kabul: Dehsabz – Barikab City Development Authority (DCDA) upgrade their technical capacity of educational and vocational seminar for (15) engineers in the field of project management professional (PMP) was held for three months period the aims of the program to improved employees awareness for new techniques and promoters which was trained under the direct supervision of DCDA experts.
In the beginning of the ceremony, Dipl. Eng. Alham Omar Hotaki – Deputy and Acting CEO of DCDA, expressing his appreciation in regards organized such of educational and technical training programs to improve the capacity of the employees is valuable and expressed his hope for further success of the participants.
Lastly, employees who attended these educational and vocational seminar, were awarded certificates of completion by Dipl. Eng. Alham Omar Hotaki.


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Youth Club Support
The My Trust support the many amazing people who give their time, either paid or as volunteers, to run youth clubs and groups across Kent & Medway.
Much of our support is open to anyone that wants to take advantage of it but we also offer clubs and groups the opportunity to affiliate to the Young Kent Service. Member clubs also enjoy a number of benefits.
Information, Advice & Guidance regarding most aspects of running a youth club or group is available in the Youth Club Pack given to all clubs at the point of affiliation. Clubs are also supported by The My Trusts Youth Work Manager Sheila Heffernan and Youth and Club Development Worker Miriam Biggin.
DBS Checks: Holding a DBS is a necessity for all those working directly with children and other vulnerable groups. The My Trust is an umbrella body for the DBS and can now undertake DBS checks directly for organisations and individuals. Details of how you can access this services can be found on the DBS page on our website.
Training: Our Young Kent service Training Programme offers regular training in a variety of youth sector specific subjects to ensure that your knowledge and skills are up to date. These can all be booked via the Training or Events page on our website. We also share links to free online training opportunities which we feel are useful and relevant in Youth work industry.
Activity Support: Our Activities Programme is accessible on our website. It provides a range of great activities for young people to keep your programme interesting and varied.
Events & Seminars: We run and advertise a range of events and seminars run by external organisations throughout the year which provide great networking opportunities and knowledge building opportunities covering a range of relevant subjects.
Do get in touch: Find your contact
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Gibbs Avenue Museum
Blynn Davis Memorial Archives
5 Gibbs Ave., Bridgton, Maine 04009
September-June, Tuesday & Thursday, 1-4; July-August, Wednesday-Saturday, 1-4 We are often around at other times year-round, so please don't hesitate to come in if we're there. To better serve you, we strongly recommend that researchers contact us in advance.
46 Narramissic Rd., Bridgton,Maine
July-August: House open for tours Thursday-Saturday, 11-3. We're happy to make appointments at other times, please contact us to arrange a time.
House is closed mid-October - June. Enjoy the grounds and the self-guided hike to the quarry any time during daylight hours. Note: since the facilities are available to rent for weddings, reunions, and other private functions, there may be times (especially Saturdays) that we are not open to the public. Please check in advance if traveling a long distance to visit.
Traditional Arts on the Farm, July 27 10:00am - 4:00 pm at Narramissic
Sunset Concert with Bruce Marshall, August 14, 6:00-8:00 pm at Narramissic. Bring a chair or blanket and a picnic for this outdoor event to celebrate Loon Echo's conservation of the Peabody-Fitch Woods. $10 suggested donation with proceeds benefitting Loon Echo Land Trust and Bridgton Historical Society.
To Work and to Paint, The Art of Charles Lewis Fox and Curtis Appleton Perry, Earle Shettleworth, Maine State Historian, 2:00 pm August 18, Admission $10 ($8 for BHS members)
Old Mills and Water Power, presentation by Thomas Kelleher of Old Sturbridge Village, 7:00 pm Friday, August 9, at Narramissic. Admisssion $10 ($8 for BHS members)
Annual Harvest Supper, at Narramissic, co-hosted by Rufus Porter Museum, with music by "Christine and Mo," Sept. 21, 5:00-7:00 at Narramissic
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Golem is an X11 Window Manager. Design goals are that it be fast and lightweight, as well as very customizable in any way that will not prevent the first goal from being realized. Each user that wants to use golem as their window manager should execute the ${PREFIX}/bin/golem.install script.
WWW: http://golem.sourceforge.net/