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|Development of Gauges for the QinetiQ Cognition Monitor
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Andy Belyavin; Chris Ryder; Blair Dickson
|This paper describes the development of a new version of the calibration
procedure for the QinetiQ Cognition Monitor so that it can be implemented to
support the development of a cognitive cockpit at NAVAIR. A new signal cleaning
procedure for processing the electro-encephalogram (EEG) automatically is
outlined and the results from tests in the UK and US are summarized. It is
concluded that estimates of the content of the EEG signal at high frequencies
are important to gauges measuring verbal and spatial workload. The combination
of results from UK and US tests suggests that the cleaning procedure is
effective, although increased robustness of the verbal gauge is desirable.
Keywords: EEG; signal cleaning; calibration; cognitive workload
|Quantitative EEG Changes Under Continuous Wakefulness and with Fatigue Countermeasures: Implications for Sustaining Aviator Performance
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|Carlos Cardillo; Michael Russo; Patricia LeDuc; William Torch
|Sleep management, naps, and pharmacological countermeasures may be combined
to assist operators requiring around the clock tasks. We used QEEG
methodologies to elucidate the CNS effects of stimulants (caffeine, modafinil,
and dextroamphetamine) combined with sleep deprivation. Thirty-two UH-60 pilots
were tested during 87 hours of continuous wakefulness using frequency analysis
to quantify eight EEG channels for up to 20 frequency bands. Data were analyzed
using brain mapping techniques and repeated measure analysis of variance. After
50 hours awake, all groups showed the sleep deprivation effects: increases in
slow-waves and decreases in alpha activity. Caffeine and modafinil groups
appeared to have the greatest degree of effect, producing delays on the
electrophysiological deterioration for up to 46 hours into the sleep
deprivation cycle. Additional analysis of these data could systematically
correlate cognitive tasks and QEEG data for each pharmacologic intervention.
Keywords: QEEG; CNS; Brain Mapping; Artifact; Epoch
|Exploring Calibration Techniques for Functional Near-Infrared Imaging (fNIR) Controlled Brain-Computer Interfaces
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|Peter Wubbels; Erin M. Nishimura; Evan D. Rapoport; Benjamin A. Darling; Dennis Proffitt; Traci H. Downs; J. Hunter Downs
|Functional near-infrared sensing (fNIR) enables real-time, noninvasive
monitoring of cognitive activity by measuring the brain's hemodynamic and
metabolic responses. We have demonstrated the ability for non-vocal and
non-physical communications through detecting directed changes in cognitive
tasks. Building upon past research, this paper reports methods that allow the
calibration of the fNIR oxygenation signal to better be used in more complex
communicative and selection tasks. This work is then discussed in the context
of a faster, continuous fNIR brain-computer interface framework.
Keywords: Functional Near-Infrared Imagining; Brain-Computer Interface; fNIR; BCI
|A Sensor Positioning System for Functional Near-Infrared Neuroimaging
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|Ping He; Betty Yang; Sarah Hubbard; Justin Estepp; Glenn F. Wilson
|In cognitive studies using functional near-infrared (fNIR) techniques, the
optical sensors are placed over the scalp of the subject. In order to document
the actual sensor location, a system is needed that can measure the 3D position
of an arbitrary point on the scalp with a high precision and repeatability and
express sensor location in reference to the international 10-20 system for
convenience. In addition, in cognitive studies using functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI), the source location is commonly expressed using
Talairach system. In order to correlate the results from the fNIR study with
that of the fMRI study, one needs to project the source location in Talairach
coordinates onto a site on the scalp for the placement of the fNIR sensors.
This paper reports a sensor positioning system that is designed to achieve the
above goals. Some initial experimental data using this system are presented.
Keywords: 10-20 system; brain mapping; fNIR; neuroimaging; Talairach
|Ad-Hoc Wireless Body Area Network for Augmented Cognition Sensors
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|Curtis S. Ikehara; Edoardo Biagioni; Martha E. Crosby
|There is a "spaghetti" of wires when physiological sensors are used for
augmented cognition tying a user down to a fixed location. Besides being
visually unappealing, there are practical issues created by the "spaghetti"
that have a negative impact on the adoption of sensor based augmented cognition
technologies. A wireless sensor network can support sensors commonly used in
augmented cognition. This paper describes the benefits and issues of
implementing an ideal wireless network of physiological sensors using Bluetooth
and other related types of networking approaches.
Keywords: Ad hoc network; wireless; biosensor; augmented cognition
|Integrating Innovative Neuro-educational Technologies (I-Net) into K-12 Science Classrooms
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|Ronald H. Stevens; Trysha Galloway; Chris Berka
|With the U.S. facing a decline in science, math and engineering skills,
there is a need for educators in these fields to team with engineers and
cognitive scientists to pioneer novel approaches to science education. There is
a strong need for the incorporation problem solving and emerging neuroscience
technologies into mainstream classrooms, and for students and teachers to
experience what it means at a very personal level, to engage in and struggle
with solving difficult science problems. An innovating and engaging way of
doing this is by making the problem solving process visible through the use of
real-time electroencephalography cognitive metrics. There are educational,
task, and measurement challenges that must be addressed to accomplish this
goal. In this paper we detail some of these challenges, and possible solutions,
to develop a framework for a new set of Interactive Neuro-Educational
Technologies (I-Net).
Keywords: EEG; Problem solving; Skill Acquisition; Cognitive Workload
|The Impact of Direct Data Entry by Sensory Devices on EMR Systems
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|David Pager; Dennis J. Streveler; Luz Marina Quiroga
|This paper takes an interdisciplinary look at how the electronic record is
likely to evolve in the future. From what new sources will data be drawn? Will
such data be directly recorded from sensory devices and from one's personal
"memex"? Will these data enable a new set of outputs to more fully interconnect
patients with their health care system. The paper considers the combined impact
of a host of emerging technologies:
Keywords: Electronic Medical Record; Sensory Devices; Human-Computer Interface Issues; Biomedical Technology
|Event-Related Brain Dynamics in Continuous Sustained-Attention Tasks
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|Ruey-Song Huang; Tzyy-Ping Jung; Scott Makeig
|Event-related brain dynamics of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in a
continuous compensatory tracking task (CTT) and in a continuous driving
simulation were analyzed by independent component analysis (ICA) and
time-frequency techniques. We showed that changes in the level of subject
performance are accompanied by distinct changes in EEG spectrum of a class of
bilateral posterior independent EEG components. During periods of high-error
(drowsy) performance, tonic alpha band EEG power was significantly elevated,
compared to that during periods of low-error (alert) performance. In addition,
characteristic transient (phasic) alpha and other band increases and decreases
followed critical task events, depending on current performance level. These
performance-related and event-related spectral changes were consistently
observed across subjects and sessions, and were remarkably similar across the
two continuous sustained-attention tasks.
Keywords: EEG; ICA; brain dynamics; driving; drowsiness
|Information Filtering, Expertise and Cognitive Load
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|David N. Chin
|Information filtering can be used to reduce cognitive load. However the
expertise level of the user will greatly affect the effectiveness of
information filtering. Any attempt to use neurophysiological measures of
cognitive load for information filtering should take these effects into account
in the design of the information filtering system. Combining information
filtering, neurophysiological measurements of cognitive load and user modeling
of expertise can improve performance. An integrated architecture for combining
these techniques is described along with its application to routing information
within a crisis management team.
Keywords: information filtering; cognitive load; expertise; stereotypes; neurophysiological measures
|Using Eye Blinks as a Tool for Augmented Cognition
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|Ric Heishman; Zoran Duric
|The human face comprises a complex system integrated from tissue, bone and
electricity. Biometrics associated with this region provide useful information
for a wide range of research disciplines. For those interested in augmented
cognition, the metrics and behaviors inherent to eye blinks are particularly
valuable in the interpretation and understanding of an individual's affective
and cognitive states. Our work involves a novel integration of computer vision
techniques for observing and interpreting the biometric information flow
inherent in human eye blinks, and using these behavioral patterns to gain
insight into the cognitive engagement and fatigue levels of individual
subjects. Of particular interest are behavioral ambiguities -- both across
multiple subjects and in individual subjects across various scenarios -- that
present problems to both the observation and interpretation processes. Our work
is pertinent to system development efforts across a wide range of applications,
including driver fatigue, medical patient monitoring and critical system
operator vigilance.
Keywords: Eye; blink; cognition; affective computing; motion
|Assessing Information Presentation Preferences with Eye Movements
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Laurel King; Martha E. Crosby
|This study investigates the relationship between participants' self-reported
high verbal or high visual information preferences and their performance and
eye movements during analytical reasoning problems. Twelve participants, six
male and six female, were selected as being more visual than verbal or more
verbal than visual in approach, based on the results of a questionnaire
administered to 140 college students. Selected participants were tested for
individual differences in spatial ability and working memory capacity. They
completed a repeated measures experiment while their eye movements were tracked
to examine any correlation with their stated preference for verbal or visual
information presentation. Performance on analytical reasoning problems with and
without an optional diagram is compared between groups and within-subjects. Due
to the small number of participants, between-group differences, although
indicated, were mostly statistically insignificant. Within-subject analysis is
still being completed, but trends in diagram usage are examined.
Keywords: information presentation; eye tracking; analytical reasoning; problem representation
|Inclusive Design for Brain Body Interfaces
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|Paul Gnanayutham; Jennifer George
|In comparison to all types of injury, those to the brain are among the most
likely to result in death or permanent disability. A certain percentage of
these brain-injured people cannot communicate, recreate, or control their
environment due to severe motor impairment. This group of individuals with
severe head injury has received little from assistive technology. Brain
computer interfaces have opened up a spectrum of assistive technologies, which
are particularly appropriate for people with traumatic brain-injury, especially
those who suffer from "locked-in" syndrome. Previous research in this area
developed brain body interfaces so that this group of brain-injured people can
communicate, recreate and launch applications communicate using computers
despite the severity of their brain injury, except for visually impaired and
comatose participants. This paper reports on an exploratory investigation
carried out with visually impaired using facial muscles or electromyography
(EMG) to communicate using brain body interfaces.
Keywords: Brain-Body Interface; Inclusive design; Neuro-rehabilitation; Assistive Technology and visual impairment; EEG; EMG and EOG
|A Human Computer Interface Using SSVEP-Based BCI Technology
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|Chuan Jia; Honglai Xu; Bo Hong; Xiaorong Gao; Zhiguang Zhang; Shangkai Gao
|To address the issue of system simplicity and subject applicability, a brain
controlled HCI system derived from steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)
based brain computer interface (BCI) is proposed in this paper. Aiming at an
external input device for personal computer, key issues of hardware and
software design for better performance and user-friendly interface are
introduced systematically. With proper parameter customization for each
individual, an average information transfer rate of 46bits/min was achieved in
the operation of dialing a phone number. With encouraging online performance
and advantages of system simplicity, the proposed HCI using SSVEP-based BCI
technology is promising for a substitute of standard computer input device for
both health and disabled computer users.
Keywords: brain-computer interface (BCI); steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP); input device
|Enhanced P300-Based Cursor Movement Control
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Zhongwei Ma; Xiaorong Gao; Shangkai Gao
|In order to build a high-performance brain-computer interface (BCI) for
cursor movement control, a P300-based BCI system using a five-select oddball
paradigm was designed and implemented. We found that high intensity visual
stimuli (HIVS) can improve the performance of BCI. 9 subjects participated in
the test of the proposed BCI system. Each subject completed 40 epochs with HIVS
and low intensity visual stimuli (LIVS) respectively. The preprocessed data
were classified by support vector machines (SVM). The averaged waveforms both
from HIVS and LIVS proved that this new paradigm can elicit evident P300
potentials. Furthermore, the results indicated the information transfer rate
(ITR) of HIVS could reach 5.4 bit/min, which was higher than 4.6 bit/min of
Keywords: brain-computer interface (BCI); P300; support vector machine (SVM); information transfer rate (ITR); stimulus intensity; electrophysiological (EEG)
|Low Power Technology for Wearable Cognition Systems
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|David C. Yates; Alexander J. Casson; Esther Rodríguez-Villegas
|This paper analyses a key tradeoff behind miniature devices intended to
monitor cognition-related parameters. These devices are supposed to be worn by
people that would otherwise be carrying on a normal life and this factor
imposes important constraints in the design. They have to be wireless,
wearable, discrete, low maintenance and reliable. In order to reduce power
intelligence will be built into the sensors aiming to reduce the data
transmission to only that information that it is strictly necessary. This
intelligence will be in the form of an algorithm which will be required to be
implemented in electronic circuits as part of the system. The complexity of the
algorithm affects the complexity of the electronics and hence the power
consumption. This, in turn affects the size of the battery and the overall size
of the device. For the sensor to be low maintenance the device must operate for
extended periods from the battery, adding more constraints to the power
consumption of the electronic circuits. The battery must be kept small so that
the overall size of the device is small and lightweight enough to be worn on
the body and the more discrete the device the higher consumer compliance. A
tradeoff has to be met between the algorithm complexity, the power consumption
of the electronics required to realize the latter, the power consumption
required to transmit data and the battery size and lifetime.
Keywords: Ambulatory EEG; low-power; wearable; wireless; cognition
|Novel Hybrid Bioelectrodes for Ambulatory Zero-Prep EEG Measurements Using Multi-channel Wireless EEG System
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Robert Matthews; Neil J. McDonald; Harini Anumula; Jamison Woodward; Peter J. Turner; Martin A. Steindorf; Kaichun Chang; Joseph M. Pendleton
|This paper describes a wireless multi-channel system for zero-prep
electroencephalogram (EEG) measurements in operational settings. The EEG
sensors are based upon a novel hybrid (capacitive/resistive) bioelectrode
technology that requires no modification to the skin's outer layer. High
impedance techniques developed for QUASAR's capacitive electrocardiogram (ECG)
sensors minimize the sensor's susceptibility to common-mode (CM) interference,
and permit EEG measurements with electrode-subject impedances as large as 107
Ω. Results for a side-by-side comparison between the hybrid sensors and
conventional wet electrodes for EEG measurements are presented. A high level of
correlation between the two electrode technologies (>99 subjects seated) was
observed. The electronics package for the EEG system is based upon a miniature,
ultra-low power microprocessor-controlled data acquisition system and a
miniaturized wireless transceiver that can operate in excess of 72 hours from
two AAA batteries.
Keywords: EEG; biosensors; high impedance; wireless
|Measuring Cognitive Task Load on a Naval Ship: Implications of a Real World Environment
|| BIBA | Full-Text
|Marc Grootjen; Mark A. Neerincx; Jochum C. M. van Weert; Khiet P. Truong
|Application of more and more automation in process control shifts the operator's task from manual to supervisory control. Increasing system autonomy, complexity and information fluctuations make it extremely difficult to develop static support concepts that cover all critical situations after implementing the system. Therefore, support systems in dynamic domains should be dynamic as the domain itself. This paper elaborates on the state information needed from the operator to generate effective mitigation strategies. We describe implications of a real world experiment onboard three frigates of the Royal Netherlands Navy. Although new techniques allow us to measure, combine and gain insight in physiological, subjective and task information, many practical issues need to be solved.
|Measuring Spatial Factors in Comparative Judgments About Large Numerosities
|| BIBA | Full-Text
|Catherine Sophian
|Numerical information is crucial to successful performance on many tasks. Accordingly, as a basis for developing augmented cognition applications, it is important to understand how people apprehend numerical information and whether there are systematic limitations on their ability to do so accurately. This paper reports research on the role of non-numerical spatial information and of numerical representations in adults' judgments about large-numerosity spatial arrays. Arrays that contained more open space tended to be perceived as less numerous than ones with less open space. Further, the accuracy with which viewers estimated the arrays' numerosities bore little relation to their success in identifying the more numerous array in each pair. Numerical judgments thus are heavily influenced by spatial information that is not necessarily a reliable cue to numerosity. While some information about absolute numerosity is extracted in making numerical comparisons, it appears to be very imprecise.
|Augmented Metacognition Addressing Dynamic Allocation of Tasks Requiring Visual Attention
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Tibor Bosse; Willem A. van Doesburg; Peter-Paul van Maanen; Jan Treur
|This paper discusses the use of cognitive models as augmented metacognition
on task allocation for tasks requiring visual attention. In the domain of naval
warfare, the complex and dynamic nature of the environment makes that one has
to deal with a large number of tasks in parallel. Therefore, humans are often
supported by software agents that take over part of these tasks. However, a
problem is how to determine an appropriate allocation of tasks. Due to the
rapidly changing environment, such a work division cannot be fixed beforehand:
dynamic task allocation at runtime is needed. Unfortunately, in alarming
situations the human does not have the time for this coordination. Therefore
system-triggered dynamic task allocation is desirable. The paper discusses the
possibilities of such a system for tasks requiring visual attention.
Keywords: Visual attention; cognitive modeling; augmented metacognition
|Highly Configurable Software Architecture Framework for Acquisition and Visualization of Biometric Data
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Jan Stelovsky
|The research in augmented cognition and its practical applications rely
heavily on the acquisition and evaluation of biometrics data. We propose
software architecture that offers unified approach to the integration of
emerging hardware and evaluation technologies. In this paper we focus on the
software layers that combine the data events and offer visual representations
of the results. In particular, we show that the common evaluation of the
collected data as well as the commonly used graphical depictions of the results
can be achieved using a fully modular and extendible software architecture.
Keywords: software architecture; visualization; biometrics; eye-tracking
|Simulation Fidelity Design Informed by Physiologically-Based Measurement Tools
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Jack Maxwell Vice; Corinna E. Lathan; Anna D. Lockerd; James M. Hitt
|Virtual environments (VE's) and simulations are being employed for training
applications in a wide variety of disciplines, both military and civilian. The
common assumption is that the more realistic the VE, the better the transfer of
training to real world tasks. However, some aspects of task content and
fidelity may result in stronger transfer of training than even the most high
fidelity simulations. A physiologically-based system capable of dynamically
detecting changes in operator behavior and physiology throughout a VE
experience and comparing those changes to operator behavior and physiology in
real-world tasks, could potentially determine which aspects of VE fidelity will
have the highest impact on transfer of training. Thus, development of training
assessment and guidance tools that utilize operator behavior and physiology to
determine VE effectiveness and transfer of training are needed.
Keywords: virtual reality; simulation; transfer of training; physiology; behavior; training effectiveness
|Reverse Engineering the Visual System Via Genetic Programs
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Diglio A. Simoni
|We propose a datamining based method for automated reverse engineering of
search strategies during active visual search tasks. The method uses a genetic
program (GP) that evolves populations of fuzzy decision trees and selects an
optimal one. Previous psychophysical observations of subjects engaged in a
simple search task result in a database of stimulus conditions and concomitant
measures of eye gaze information and associated psychophysical metrics that
globally describe the subjects search strategies. Fuzzy rules about the likely
design properties of the components of the visual system involved in selecting
fixation location during search are defined based on these metrics. A fitness
function that incorporates both the fuzzy rules and the information in the
database is used to conduct GP based datamining. The information extracted
through the GP process is the internal design specification of the visual
system vis-à-vis active visual search.
Keywords: active visual search; eye tracking; psychophysics; fuzzy logic; datamining; knowledge discovery; genetic programming; reverse engineering
|EEG-Based Estimation of Mental Fatigue: Convergent Evidence for a Three-State Model
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Leonard J. Trejo; Kevin Knuth; Raquel Prado; Roman Rosipal; Karla Kubitz; Rebekah Kochavi; Bryan Matthews; Yuzheng Zhang
|Two new computational models show that the EEG distinguishes three distinct
mental states ranging from alert to fatigue. State 1 indicates heightened
alertness and is frequently present during the first few minutes of time on
task. State 2 indicates normal alertness, often following and lasting longer
than State 1. State 3 indicates fatigue, usually following State 2, but
sometimes alternating with State 1 and State 2. Thirty-channel EEGs were
recorded from 16 subjects who performed up to 180 min of nonstop computer-based
mental arithmetic. Alert or fatigued states were independently confirmed with
measures of subjects' performance and pre- or post-task mood. We found
convergent evidence for a three-state model of fatigue using Bayesian analysis
of two different types of EEG features, both computed for single 13-s EEG
epochs: 1) kernel partial least squares scores representing composite
multichannel power spectra; 2) amplitude and frequency parameters of multiple
single-channel autoregressive models.
Keywords: EEG; mental fatigue; alertness; computational models; situation awareness; performance monitoring; augmented cognition
|Augmenting Task-Centered Design with Operator State Assessment Technologies
|| BIBA | Full-Text
|Karl F. Van Orden; Erik Viirre; David A. Kobus
|Task-Centered Design (TCD) of human-system interfaces focuses on supporting the user throughout all phases of tasks, from initiation to completion. TCD typically requires software that monitors aspects of system information to trigger tasks, develop user-friendly information sets, propose task solutions and actions, and confirm actions as directed and approved by the operator. The operator monitors tasks awaiting completion on a Task Manager display. We demonstrate that moment-to-moment operator workload monitoring is greatly facilitated by TCD. Workload estimates were obtained every 2-min over the course of a 35-min test session during an air defense command and control scenario. Workload was readily modeled by the task loading, and the density of track icons on the display. A second study related the unitary workload estimates to NASA TLX workload subscales. Unpublished data from our laboratory indicated that eye activity measures (e.g., blink frequency and duration, pupil diameter, fixation frequency and dwell time) did not improve the estimation of workload. These findings indicate that at least for well-executed TCD systems, eye tracking technologies may be best employed to monitor for fatigue and incongruities between the focus of attention and task requirements. Recent findings using EEG hold promise for the identification of specific brain signatures of confusion, orientation, and loss of situational awareness. Thus the critical element of human directed systems is good initial design. Understanding of the task will lead to system automation that can balance the workload of the operator, who is functioning in a normal state. However, physiological monitoring will be most useful if operators veer beyond their normal conditions and are confused, overloaded, disoriented or have other impairments to their abilities. By detecting the operator's loss of function early, inappropriate operator inputs can potentially be avoided.
|Augmented Cognition and Cognitive State Assessment Technology -- Near-Term, Mid-Term, and Long-Term Research Objectives
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Leah Reeves; Dylan Schmorrow; Kay M. Stanney
|The 1st Augmented Cognition International (ACI) conference was held in July
2005 in conjunction with the HCI International conference in Las Vegas, Nevada.
A full day working group session was held during this inaugural ACI conference
to facilitate the development of an Augmented Cognition R&D agenda for the
near- (1-2 years), medium- (within 5 years) and long-term (> 5 years).
Working group attendees included scientists, developers, and practitioners from
government, academia, and industry who were invited to participate based on
their numerous years of experience and expertise in the Augmented Cognition and
related fields. This article highlights key results of the workshop discussions
that were focused on Cognitive State Assessment (CSA) R&D objectives,
particularly with regard to the design and implementation of CSA tools and
Keywords: Augmented Cognition; human factors; cognitive state assessment; sensors; design; neuroergonomics; neurotechnologies; neurophysiological
|Augmented Cognition, Universal Access and Social Intelligence in the Information Society
|| BIBA | Full-Text
|Ray Adams; Satinder P. Gill
|The two concepts of universal access and augmented cognition have both contributed significantly to providing the intended users of modern information and communication technology with the necessary resources to achieve enhanced interaction and performance. The two concepts share a number of important features including; the improvement of user performance, the use of concepts from cognitive psychology, a consideration of user modelling, a user sensitive approach, support for customisation, personalisation, adaptation and adaptive systems. They differentially emphasise; short term and long term demands, ambient intelligence, ubiquitous computing, people with disabilities, the Information Society and social skills. Since the present research programme (CIRCUA) is focussed upon the design and evaluation of universally accessible systems within a vocational context, the concepts of universal access and augmented are both very relevant, though both need to draw more upon the concept of social intelligence if they to tackle key issues of the Information Society.
|Intent Driven Interfaces to Ubiquitous Computers
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Neil G. Scott; Martha E. Crosby
|An intent driven interface allows a person to control a computer by stating
an intended outcome rather than entering the sequence of tasks required to
achieve the same outcome. Techniques that were originally developed as part of
a universal access accelerator for individuals with disabilities are now being
applied as convenience and productivity tools for accessing any computer based
device, appliance or system. An intelligent universal serial bus (USB) Hub,
called the iTASK Module, determines user intent independently of the input
source or the system that is accessed. iTASK Modules can be interconnected to
support multi-user collaboration and sharing of system resources without
requiring any hardware or software changes to the accessed system.
Keywords: IDEAL; iTASK Module; NIP; intent; ubiquitous; USB
|Foundations for Creating a Distributed Adaptive User Interface
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Don Kemper; Larry D. Davis; Cali M. Fidopiastis; Denise M. Nicholson
|Distributed simulation allows multiple users to develop and improve
interactions without having to be collocated. To enhance such interaction, we
present the foundation for a distributed, multi-modal, adaptive user interface.
First, the interface concept is placed within the context of a closed-loop
human system. Next, the present prototype implementation is described. Then,
the concept of modifying interface elements based upon a combination of actual,
physically simulated, and virtual devices is discussed. Finally, we discuss the
possibility for self-adaptation, design challenges, and directions for future
Keywords: Multi-Modal Adaptive User Interface; Closed-Loop Human Systems
|EMMA: An Adaptive Display for Virtual Therapy
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Mariano Alcañiz Raya; Cristina Botella; Beatriz Rey; Rosa María Baños; José Antonio Lozano; Nuria Lasso de la Vega; Diana Castilla; Javier Montesa; Antonio Hospitaler
|Environments used up to now for therapeutic applications are invariable
ones. Their contents can not be changed neither by the therapist nor by the
patient. However, this is a technical issue that can be solved with current
technology. In this paper, we describe a virtual environment that has been
developed taking into account this factor. The main technical feature of the
environment is that its aspect can be modified controlled by the therapist that
conducts the clinical sessions depending on the emotions that the patient is
feeling at each moment, and depending on the purpose of the clinical session.
The environment has been applied for the treatment of post traumatic stress
disorder, pathological bereavement, and adjustment disorder in adult
population. In the paper we present some data showing its utility for the
treatment of a phobia in a 9-year-old child.
Keywords: Virtual Reality; Adaptive display; Virtual therapy
|Closed-Loop Adaptive Decision Support Based on Automated Trust Assessment
|| BIBA | Full-Text
|Peter-Paul van Maanen; Tomas Klos; Kees van Dongen
|This paper argues that it is important to study issues concerning trust and reliance when developing systems that are intended to augment cognition. Operators often under-rely on the help of a support system that provides advice or that performs certain cognitive tasks autonomously. The decision to rely on support seems to be largely determined by the notion of relative trust. However, this decision to rely on support is not always appropriate, especially when support systems are not perfectly reliable. Because the operator's reliability estimations are typically imperfectly aligned or calibrated with the support system's true capabilities, we propose that the aid makes an estimation of the extent of this calibration (under different circumstances) and intervenes accordingly. This system is intended to improve overall performance of the operator-support system as a whole. The possibilities in terms of application of these ideas are explored and an implementation of this concept in an abstract task environment has been used as a case study.
|A Closed-Loop Adaptive System for Command and Control
|| BIBA | Full-Text
|Tjerk de Greef; Henryk F. R. Arciszewski
|On Navy ships, technological developments enable crews to work more efficiently and effectively. However, in such complex, autonomous, and information-rich environments a competition for the users' attention is going on between different information items, possibly leading to a cognitive overload. This overload originates in the limitations of human attention and constitutes a well-known and well-studied bottleneck in human information processing. The concept of adaptive automation promises a solution to the overwhelmed operator by shifting the amount of work between the human and the system in time, while maintaining a high level of situation awareness. One of the most critical challenges in developing adaptive human-machine collaboration concerns the design of a trigger mechanism. This paper discusses and evaluates a number of possible triggers for the usage in closed-loop adaptive automation from the perspective of command and control.
|Attuning In-Car User Interfaces to the Momentary Cognitive Load
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Marieka Hoedemaeker; Mark A. Neerincx
|Cars, trucks and busses are more and more equipped with functions and
services that drivers are supposed to operate and understand. The most
important developments in this area are the Advanced Driver Assistance Systems
(ADAS) and In Vehicle Information Systems (IVIS). In order to make sure that
the driver understands and appreciates (comfort) these services and traffic
safety is not at risk (distraction, workload), the HMI's (Human Machine
Interfaces) of all these functions should be attuned to each other, to the
driver, and to the context. For attuning the functions to each other, a HMI
platform is needed on which these functions are integrated. For attuning the
functions to the driver it is necessary to have knowledge about the momentary
state of the driver and of the intentions of the driver at a certain moment.
For attuning the functions to the context, it is required to sense the relevant
environmental conditions or states. This paper shows that a recent cognitive
task load model from process control domain can be applied for the design of
adaptive in-car user interfaces. Furthermore, current developments of such
interfaces are being discussed.
Keywords: In-car services; workload; adaptive user interface; central management
|EEG-Based Drivers' Drowsiness Monitoring Using a Hierarchical Gaussian Mixture Model
|| BIBA | Full-Text
|Roman Rosipal; Björn Peters; Göran Kecklund; Torbjörn Åkerstedt; Georg Gruber; Michael Woertz; Peter Anderer; Georg Dorffner
|We developed an EEG-based probabilistic model, which effectively predicts drowsiness levels of thirty-two subjects involved in a moving base driving simulator experiment. A hierarchical Gaussian mixture model (hGMM) with two mixture components at the lower hierarchical level is used. Each mixture models data density distribution of one of the two drowsiness cornerstones/classes represented by 4-second long EEG segments with low and high drowsiness levels. We transfer spectral contents of each EEG segment into a compact form of autoregressive model coefficients. The Karolinska drowsiness scoring method is used to initially label data belonging to individual classes. We demonstrate good agreement between Karolinska drowsiness scores and the predicted drowsiness, when the hGMM is applied to continuously monitor drowsiness over the time-course of driving sessions. The computations associated with the approach are fast enough to build up a practical real-time drowsiness monitoring system.
|The Effect of Fatigue on Cognitive and Psychomotor Skills of Surgical Residents
|| BIBA | Full-Text
|Kanav Kahol; Mark Smith; Stephanie Mayes; Mary Deka; Vikram Deka; John Ferrara; Sethuraman Panchanathan
|Surgical residents are exposed to a significant amount of cognitive load during call. While various efforts have been made to quantify the effect of fatigue and sleep deprivation on the psychomotor skills of surgical residents, there is very little investigations into the effect of these factors on cognitive skills. However, this is an important issue in medical curriculum design, as much of the medical errors are procedural in nature and are not psychomotor. In this paper, we present a study that aimed to quantify the effect of fatigue on cognitive skills. We employed hand movement data for developing a proficiency measure of surgical skill. The difference in proficiencies measured through hand movement post call and pre call was determined. The simulation tasks were designed to challenge working memory, attention of the user. The results showed a significant difference in hand movement proficiencies as well as behavioral errors pre and post-call. EEG Data was also gathered during simulation tasks pre and post call through the B-Alert® Bluetooth EEG technology. The B-Alert® software was analyzed to reveal ratings of alertness/drowsiness, engagement, mental workload and distraction. The results showed statistically significant difference in EEG ratings in pre call and post call condition.
|Assessing the Real-Time Cognitive Capabilities of First Responders Using Emerging Technologies in Manikin Simulators
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Kathleen Kihmm Connolly; Lawrence Burgess
|Medical triage can be a highly stressful situation in which decisions and
task performance may have life or death consequences. Individual responses in
stressful situations may affect task performance. Increased injury or
casualties may occur without proper training and competency of the
first-responder. The emerging technologies of advanced manikin simulators have
afforded anatomic, physiological, and pharmacologic realism, which can be
dynamically programmed in real-time. This has increased the capabilities and
realism of manikin simulations, thus allowing advanced learning techniques that
were not previously possible. By employing physiological measures of the
learner to determine areas of overwhelming task complexity, which may degrade
performance, a method such that the training can be adjusted to the real-time
cognitive needs/load of the learner (adaptive scaffolding) can be applied. This
has the potential to enhance learning and human data processing in medical
triage training.
Keywords: Triage; manikin simulators; first-responder; physiological sensors; adaptive scaffolding
|Physiologic System Interfaces Using fNIR with Tactile Feedback for Improving Operator Effectiveness
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Erin M. Nishimura; Evan D. Rapoport; Benjamin A. Darling; Dennis Proffitt; Traci H. Downs; J. Hunter Downs
|This paper explores the validation of tactile mechanisms as an effective
means of communications for integration into a physiologic system interface
(PSI). Tactile communications can offer a channel that only minimally
interferes with a primary or concurrent task. The PSI will use functional brain
imaging techniques, specifically functional near-infrared imaging (fNIR), to
determine cognitive workload in language and visual processing areas of the
brain. The resulting closed-loop system will thus have the capability of
providing the operator with necessary information by using the modality most
available to the user, thus enabling effective multi-tasking and minimal task
Keywords: physiologic system interfaces; functional near-infrared (fNIR); tactile; tactile communications
|A Model for Visio-Haptic Attention for Efficient Resource Allocation in Multimodal Environments
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Priyamvada Tripathi; Kanav Kahol; Anusha Sridaran; Sethuraman Panchanathan
|Sequences of visual and haptic exploration were obtained on surfaces of
different curvature from human subjects. We then extracted regions of interest
(ROI) from the data as a function of number of times a subject fixated on a
certain location on object and amount of time spent on such each location.
Simple models like a plane, cone, cylinder, paraboloid, hyperboloid, ellipsoid,
simple-saddle and a monkey-saddle were generated. Gaussian curvature
representation of each point on all the surfaces was pre-computed. The surfaces
have been previously tested for haptic and visual realism and distinctness by
human subjects in a separate experiment. Both visual and haptic rendering were
subsequently used for exploration by human subjects to study whether there is a
similarity between the visual ROI and haptic ROIs. Additionally, we wanted to
see if there is a correlation between curvature values and the ROIs thus
obtained. A multiple regression model was further developed to see if this data
can be used to predict the visual exploration path using haptic curvature
saliency measures.
Keywords: Vision; Haptics; Eye movements; Attention; Saliency; Regions of Interest
|Towards Attention-Guided Human-Computer Collaborative Reasoning for Spatial Configuration and Design
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Sven Bertel
|In this contribution, we investigate the interrelation between visual focus
and higher-level cognitive processing during diagrammatic problem solving. It
is argued that eye movement data can be employed for the detection and
prediction of model selection in mental model-based reasoning contexts. The
argument is substantiated by results from an explorative eye tracking study.
Implications for the role of cognitive models in human-computer collaborative
reasoning and potential application domains are discussed.
Keywords: Visual focus; focus of attention; eye tracking; problem solving; human-computer collaborative reasoning; computational cognitive modeling
|Automated SAF Adaptation Tool (ASAT)
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Roy Stripling; Joseph T. Coyne; Anna Cole; Daniel Afergan; Raymond L. Barnes; Kelly A. Rossi; Leah Reeves; Dylan Schmorrow
|The purpose of this paper is to describe a new, user-friendly tool that will
enable researchers and instructors to setup and run virtual environment
scenarios that adapt to the VE user's real-time performance and cognitive
status. This tool, the Automated SAF Adaptation Tool (ASAT), will work with
existing performance and cognitive state assessment software, and with existing
semi-automated forces (SAF) behavior engines. ASAT will collect processed
performance and cognitive state data from the assessment software and trigger
SAF behavior setting manipulations that were pre-selected by the SAF operator.
A key feature of ASAT is the ability to setup and execute these real-time
manipulations without the need to alter code in either the assessment software
or the SAF engines.
Keywords: semi-automated forces; SAF; real-time; adaptation; virtual environment; training; cognitive state
|Unobtrusive Multimodal Emotion Detection in Adaptive Interfaces: Speech and Facial Expressions
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Khiet P. Truong; David A. van Leeuwen; Mark A. Neerincx
|Two unobtrusive modalities for automatic emotion recognition are discussed:
speech and facial expressions. First, an overview is given of emotion
recognition studies based on a combination of speech and facial expressions. We
will identify difficulties concerning data collection, data fusion, system
evaluation and emotion annotation that one is most likely to encounter in
emotion recognition research. Further, we identify some of the possible
applications for emotion recognition such as health monitoring or e-learning
systems. Finally, we will discuss the growing need for developing agreed
standards in automatic emotion recognition research.
Keywords: emotion detection; emotion recognition; classification; speech; facial expression; emotion database
|Embedding Hercule Poirot in Networks: Addressing Inefficiencies in Digital Forensic Investigations
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Barbara Endicott-Popovsky; Deborah A. Frincke
|Forensic investigations on networks are not scalable in terms of time and
money [1]. Those investigations that do occur consume months of attention from
the very experts who should be investing in more productive activities, like
designing and improving network performance [1]. Given these circumstances,
organizations often must select which cases to pursue, ignoring many that could
be prosecuted, if time allowed. Recognizing the exponential growth in the
number of crimes that employ computers and networks that become subject to
digital evidence procedures, researchers and practitioners, alike, have called
for embedding forensics -- essentially integrating the cognitive skills of a
detective into the network [2, 3, 4]. The premise is that the level of effort
required to document incidents can thus be reduced, significantly. This paper
introduces what technical factors might reflect those detecting skills, leading
to solutions that could offset the inefficiencies of current practice.
Keywords: Network forensics; digital forensics; computer crime; augmented cognition
|The Future of Augmented Cognition Systems in Education and Training
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Erica D. Palmer; David A. Kobus
|As adaptive interfaces increase in sophistication and application, augmented
cognition systems are becoming accessible to a wider variety of users in
real-world settings. The potential for using closed-loop augmented cognition
systems in education and training is immense, and will be instrumental in
meeting growing demands for distance learning and remote training. Augmented
cognition technologies can be applied in numerous ways to dynamically tailor
instruction to the user's cognitive style and skill level. Examples of such
applications are discussed, along with their implications for enhanced
educational and training programs of the future.
Keywords: Augmented cognition; education; training
|An Adaptive Instructional Architecture for Training and Education
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Denise M. Nicholson; Cali M. Fidopiastis; Larry D. Davis; Dylan Schmorrow; Kay M. Stanney
|Office of Naval Research (ONR) initiatives such as Human Performance
Training and Education (HPT&E) as well as Virtual Technologies and
Environments (VIRTE) have primarily focused on developing the strategies and
technologies for creating multimodal reality or simulation based content.
Resulting state-of-the-art training and education prototype simulators still
rely heavily on instructors to interpret performance data, and adapt
instruction via scenario generation, mitigations, feedback and after action
review tools. Further research is required to fully close the loop and provide
automated, adaptive instruction in these learning environments. To meet this
goal, an ONR funded initiative focusing on the Training and Education arm of
the HPT&E program will address the processes and components required to
deliver these capabilities in the form of an Adaptive Instructional
Architecture (AIA). An overview of the AIA as it applies to Marine Corps
Warfighter training protocols is given as well as the theoretical foundations
supporting it.
Keywords: adaptive training systems; augmented cognition; simulation
|AFFectIX -- An Affective Component as Part of an E-Learning-System
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Karina Oertel; Robin Kaiser; Jörg Voskamp; Bodo Urban
|This paper presents a system component, so called AFFectIX, as an affix to
an e-learning system which was that way enhanced with affective abilities.
AFFectIX is based on an emotion recognition sensor system and aims to reply
negative emotions during human-computer interaction and to provoke an optimum
emotional level for the learning process. It was implemented as a first
prototype and evaluated by an ad-hoc sample of ten participants. First findings
indicate a slight tendency for more satisfaction and learning success.
Keywords: Affective Computing; Usability; Emotion Recognition; E-Learning
|Performance Compared to Experience Level in a Virtual Reality Surgical Skills Trainer
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Christoph Aschwanden; Lawrence Burgess; Kevin Montgomery
|A virtual reality (VR) manual skills experiment was conducted comparing
Human performance measures to experiences indicated on a questionnaire handed
out. How much do past experiences influence human performance on a VR surgical
skills simulator? Performance measures included; time, accuracy, efficiency of
motion and errors. Past experiences are among video games and computer
proficiency. Results showed little or no relations between experience level and
performance. Significant results could only be established for computer gaming
experience versus task completion time, F(1, 22) = 3.3, p = .083. Participants
familiar with computer gaming were able to carry out tasks faster than their
Keywords: Skills Training; Experience; Performance; Surgery; Laparoscopy; Endoscopy; Gaming; Joystick; Virtual Reality; Simulation; Time; Accuracy; Efficiency; Motion; Errors; HCI; VRMSS; SPRING
|Exploring Neural Trajectories of Scientific Problem Solving Skill Acquisition
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Ronald H. Stevens; Trysha Galloway; Chris Berka
|We have modeled changes in electroencephalography (EEG) -- derived measures
of cognitive workload, engagement, and distraction as individuals developed and
refined their problem solving skills in science. Subjects performing a series
of problem solving simulations showed decreases in the times needed to solve
the problems; however, metrics of high cognitive workload and high engagement
remained the same. When these indices were measured within the navigation,
decision, and display events in the simulations, significant differences in
workload and engagement were often observed. In addition, differences in these
event categories were also often observed across a series of the tasks, and
were variable across individuals. These preliminary studies suggest that the
development of EEG-derived models of the dynamic changes in cognitive indices
of workload, distraction and engagement may be an important tool for
understanding the development of problem solving skills in secondary school
Keywords: EEG; Problem solving; Skill Acquisition; Cognitive Workload
|Towards a Closed-Loop Training System: Using a Physiological-Based Diagnosis of the Trainee's State to Drive Feedback Delivery Choices
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Amy Bolton; Gwendolyn E. Campbell; Dylan Schmorrow
|Designers of a closed loop scenario based training systems must have
specifications to drive the decisions of whether or not performance feedback is
appropriate in response to student behavior, the most effective content of that
feedback, and the optimal time and method of delivery. In this paper, we
propose that physiological measures, when interpreted in conjunction with
information about the learning objective, task environment and student
performance, could provide the data necessary to inform effective, automated
decision processes. In addition, we present an overview of both the relevant
literature in this area and some ongoing work that is explicitly evaluating
these hypotheses.
Keywords: Simulation based training; physiological measures; feedback; training interventions
|Aiding Tomorrow's Augmented Cognition Researchers Through Modeling and Simulation Curricula
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Julie M. Drexler; Randall Shumaker; Denise M. Nicholson; Cali M. Fidopiastis
|Research in the newly emerged field of Augmented Cognition (AugCog) has
demonstrated great potential to develop more intelligent computational systems
capable of monitoring and adapting the systems to the changing cognitive state
of human operators in order to minimize cognitive bottlenecks and improve task
performance. As the AugCog field rapidly expands, an increasing number of
researchers will be needed to conduct basic and applied research in this
burgeoning field. However, due to its multidisciplinary nature and cutting-edge
technological applications, most traditional academic disciplines cannot
support the training needs of future AugCog researchers. Accordingly, an
established Modeling and Simulation (M&S) graduate curriculum is described,
which provides a broad basis of interdisciplinary knowledge and skills as well
as depth of knowledge within a specific area of the M&S field. Support for
use of the flexible M&S curriculum to provide the requisite multifaceted
foundational training in Augmented Cognition principles is also presented.
Keywords: Augmented Cognition; Modeling; Simulation; Cognitive Neuroscience; Adaptive Technology; Human-Computer Interaction; Curriculum Development
|Designing for Augmented Cognition -- Problem Solving for Complex Environments
|| BIBA | Full-Text
|Joseph Juhnke; Timothy Mills; Jennifer Hoppenrath
|The objective of this paper was to aggregate research done during several different Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) grants as they apply to the design of complex environments and Augmented Cognition. This paper provides a high level exploration of the definition of situational awareness (SA), the action loop, an advanced mitigation framework, and a repeatable design methodology that was created to overcome several key mistakes made by UI designers. The discussion is illustrated using a recent user interface metaphor design project that maximizes information flow in a novel F-35 Joint Strike Fighter Cockpit. While testing is not complete on the resulting UI metaphor, initial observations indicate that the results of using these models and processes offer a significant improvement in performance and user acceptance appears to be high.
|Making the Giant Leap with Augmented Cognition Technologies: What Will Be the First "Killer App"?
|| BIBAK | Full-Text
|Chris Forsythe; Chris Berka; Robert Matthews; John Wagner
|This paper highlights key topic areas to be discussed the authors in a panel
format during the Augmented Cognition thematic area paper session: "Augmented
Cognition Lessons Learned and Future Directions for Enabling 'Anyone, Anytime,
Anywhere' Applications". The term "killer app" has been part of the vernacular
in the commercial computer software and electronic devices industry to refer to
breakthrough technologies [2]. A "killer app" generally emerges with the
development of related technologies that extends over some time and involves
numerous variations on a basic concept. Hypotheses may be offered with respect
to the conditions that will be needed to enable a similar situation with
augmented cognition technologies. This paper and resulting panel session will
address the numerous concepts that have emerged from the augmented cognition
field to date and postulate how and when this field's first "killer app" may
emerge (e.g., 5, 10, 15, or more years from now).
Keywords: Augmented Cognition; human factors; ergonomics; design; computer science; neurotechnology; killer app
|Augmenting Cognition: Reviewing the Symbiotic Relation Between Man and Machine
|| BIBA | Full-Text
|Tjerk de Greef; Kees van Dongen; Marc Grootjen; Jasper Lindenberg
|One of the goals of augmented cognition is creation of adaptive human-machine collaboration that continually optimizes performance of the human-machine system. Augmented Cognition aims to compensate for temporal limitations in human information processing, for instance in the case of overload, cognitive lockup, and underload. Adaptive behavior, however, may also have undesirable side effects. The dynamics of adaptive support may be unpredictable and may lead to human factors problems such as mode errors, 'out-of-the-loop' problems, and trust related issues. One of the most critical challenges in developing adaptive human-machine collaboration concerns system mitigations. A combination of performance, effort and task information should be taken into account for mitigation strategies. This paper concludes with the presentation of an iterative cognitive engineering framework, which addresses the adaptation strategy of the human and machine in an appropriate manner carefully weighing the costs and benefits.


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text:
Pondicherry Police Department published the Puducherry Police Recruitment 2018 for Constable, Radio Technician, Deck Handler Vacancy. Applicants, if want to involve in this Pondicherry Police PC Recruitment process, have to submit the online form @police.puducherry.gov.in in between 23rd Aug to 22nd Sep 2018.
The eligibility criteria, age limit, salary details of Puducherry Police Constable, other Posts are prescribed in this page. Pondicherry Police Online Form forwarding process also explained by us. So after proper auditing of all these info, apply earlier to the last date.
Puducherry Police Recruitment 2018
Post Details
- 1 Puducherry Police Recruitment 2018
- 1.1 Pondicherry Police Recruitment of 431 Posts
- 1.2 Puducherry Police Recruitment 2018 Details
- 1.3 Pondicherry Police Eligibility Criteria
- 1.4 Puducherry Police Constable Notification
- 1.5 Apply Online 431 PC, Radio Technician, Deck Handler @police.puducherry.gov.in
Pondicherry Police Recruitment 2018 Notification is live with the purpose of engaging new candidates into 390 Constable posts or 29 Deck Handler Posts or 12 Radio Technician posts. Through the performance of the candidates in the Puducherry Police Recruitment Process, the final decision of the job posting will be given to the candidates. Candidates can apply for more than one post in this Puducherry Police Constable Recruitment but with the condition, they should attain the eligibility criteria of the applied post. If you accept that condition, then you submit individual Pondicherry Application Form from 23rd Aug to 22nd Sep 2018. Here the application link is given. Also check the new Recruitments in India.
Pondicherry Police Recruitment of 431 Posts
Many people residing in the Puducherry are willing to join in the Puducherry Police Jobs. So now the chance of joining into the police jobs comes in the name of Puducherry Police Constable Notification. The Pondicherry Polic department before the recruiting the eligible persons for these eligible posts, it has to give its requirements it is accepting from the candidates for these Pondicherry Police Job profiles. So the list of conditions from the recruitment board is placed in an employment notification. Hence all refer that Pondicherry Police Recruitment if 431 Posts Notification to have the clear picture of the recruitment process. For the written exam preparation, useful syllabus are given in our site.
Puducherry Police Recruitment 2018 Details
|Organisation Name
|Puducherry Police Department
|Job Name
|Constable, Radio Technician, Deck Handler
|Number of Vacancies
|431 Posts
|Job Location
|Job category
|Police jobs
|Starting date of Application
|23rd Aug 2018
|Ending Date of Application
|22nd Sep 2018
|Exam Date
|Nov/Dec 2018
|Selection Process
|Physical Test (PET/PST), Written Exam, Medical Examination
|Official Site
Pondicherry Police Eligibility Criteria
Educational Qualifications:
- Deck Handler: For these posts, the applicants should have H.Sc/ Equivalent qualification from a recognized board. Experience of 3 years is required for the Deck Handler Posts.
- Radio Technician: For these posts, the applicants should have 10th pass with Science & Maths, ITI in Radio/ Electronic Telecommunication from a recognized board
- Constable: For these posts, the applicants should have passed 10+2/ Equivalent qualification.
Age Limit:
Post-Wise age limit is given below.
- Deck Handler: Minimum age is 18 to maximum age is 30 years
- Radio Technician: Minimum age is 20 to maximum age is 27 years
- Constable: Minimum age is 18 to maximum age is 22 years
Age relaxation is also applicable as per the applicant category.
Physical Standards:
- Height: 165 cm (all posts)
- Chest (for male only): 81 to 86 cm (with the expansion of 5 cm)
- Weight (for Constable post only): 18.50 to 29.9 Kg./ M2 minimum
Selection Process:
For these 431 Puducherry Police Vacancy, the selection process is as below.
Post Wise Selection Process is as follows.
Police Constable
- Physical Measurement Test
- Physical Efficiency Test
- Written Test
- Medical Test
Radio Technician
- Physical Standard Test
- Written Test
Deck Handler
- Physical Measurement Test
- Physical Efficiency Test
- Medical Exam
- Written Exam
Salary Details:
- Police Constable: Rs.5200 to 20200/- + Grade Pay Rs.2400/-
- Deck Handler: Rs.5200 to 20200/- + Grade Pay Rs.1900/-
- Radio Technician: Level-3 pay matrix salary Rs.21700/-
Post-Wise Vacancy Details:
Total Posts: 431 Vacancy
- Police Constable: 390 Posts
- Deck Handler: 29 Posts
- Radio Technician: 12 Posts
Application Fees:
Check in the official Puducherry Police Recruitment 2018 Notification
Puducherry Police Constable Notification
Puducherry Police Department propagates three individual Pondicherry Police Recruitment Notifications separately for Constable, Radio Technician, Deck Handler posts. We have posted the post wise eligibility, selection process. In case, if the candidate is eligible for all the posts, then he/she can submit the Puducherry Police Online Form to the eligible posts separately. Single application for all three designations of posts is not valid. This point is marked by the officials in the Puducherry Police Constable Notification. Who wishes to check the official Puducherry Police Notification can get it from our Recruitmentindia.in page.
Important Dates
Registration Starting date: 23rd Aug 2018
Registration Ending date: 22nd Sep 2018
Exam Date: Nov/Dec 2018
Puducherry Police Notification, Application Link
Puducherry Police Constable Recruitment Notification 2018
Puducherry Police Radio Technician Notification 2018
Puducherry Police Deck Handler Notification 2018
Puducherry Police Application Form (for all posts)
Apply Online 431 PC, Radio Technician, Deck Handler @police.puducherry.gov.in
In the Recruitment section of the Pondicherry police official page i.e. police.puducherry.gov.in, the link of the Pondicherry Police Application Form is assigned by the officials for the applications taking purpose. Use that link only to send the application form to the officials. Other than that link, no secondary link of Puducherry Police Online Form is available. So applicants don't waste the application filling time by doing the search for the irrelevant information. Exact 30 days is the duration for the online submission of Puducherry Police Recruitment 2018 form. Anywhere if you find the offline application of this recruitment, don't take it. Since the Puducherry Police Department will accept only online applications.


text:
Fiona joined Bristows as a partner in 2009. She is an IP transactional lawyer with many years experience in working with a large range of clients across a number of sectors including life sciences, IT, software, engineering, consumer products and academia. In addition to advising blue chip companies and public bodies, Fiona advises growing SMEs, assisting them to enter new markets through licensing and other collaborative ventures. She was also included by Managing Intellectual Property in their list of 'the 50 most influential people in IP' in 2019.
Fiona chairs the Law Society of Scotland's accreditation panel for IP and is a Board Member and President of the Licensing Executives Society International. She is a member of the BIA's Cell & Gene Therapy Advisory Committee, and as of January 2020, also a Member of the Board of Governors for Certified Licensing Professionals Inc. Fiona is a past Chair of the IP section of Lex Mundi and past President of the Licensing Executives Society (Britain and Ireland). Fiona is a founder and honorary Vice President of St. Andrews Clinics for Children.
Fiona was included in The Best Lawyers in UK 2019 in the fields of IT Law and IP Law. She also co-edited Getting the Deal Through – Licensing in 2019 and 2018.
- MA English and Sociology, University of Glasgow
- LLB, University of Glasgow
- Qualified 1986
- Partner 1991
- Current President of the Licensing Executives Society International
- Member of the Board of Governors for Certified Licensing Professionals Inc., January 2020
What others say
"The enterprising Fiona Nicolson relishes the challenge of taking a start-up to big places through collaborative ventures."IAM Patent 1000 2018
"All-round transactional ace Fiona Nicolson has ample experience in helping growing companies to hit the ground running in new markets."IAM Patent 1000 2017
"'The consistent helpful, prompt and business-like' Fiona Nicolson has a client catalogue featuring an array of blue-chip entities, public bodies and start-up tech companies; she specialises in licensing and collaborative ventures'."IAM Patent 1000 2016
"Fiona Nicholson is something of a guru for early-stage technology companies seeking to gain a foothold in the market."IAM Patent 1000 2015
Recommended For
Who's Who Legal 2020
Life Sciences: Transactional
Who's Who Legal 2020
Best Lawyers™ in the United Kingdom for Intellectual Property Law and Information Technology Law
50 Most Influential People in IP
IP Transactions, Patent Strategy & Counseling
MIP, IP Stars 2019
IAM Patent 1000 2018
WIPR Leaders
Commercial Contracts
Legal 500 2017
Intellectual Property
Legal 500 2017


text:
Abstract In this work, the attachment, viability and functionality of rat Blood Outgrowth Endothelial Cells (rBOEC) and genetically modified rBOEC (rBOEC/eNOS-GFP), which over express endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), were investigated on Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)–chitosan and PLA–chitosan–collagen nanofibrous scaffolds. Both the cell types displayed good attachment, remained viable and functional on both scaffolds. Moreover, incorporation of collagen in the scaffold helped in sustaining the rBOEC for upto one week, although collagen was not found necessary for rBOEC/eNOS-GFP. We conclude that PLA–chitosan based nanofibrous scaffolds can be a potential candidate for \{BOEC\} based wound healing applications.
B. Swarnalatha, Nair, S. L., Shalumon, K. T., Milbauer, L. C., Dr. Jayakumar Rangasamy, Dr. Bindhu Paul, Menon, K. K., Hebbel, R. P., Somani, A., and Shantikumar V. Nair, "Poly (lactic acid)–chitosan–collagen composite nanofibers as substrates for blood outgrowth endothelial cells", International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 58, pp. 220 - 224, 2013.


text:
Trial & subscription
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- Will an image really be deleted when I delete it?
- How do you delete an image?
- How do you rename an uploaded image?
- How do you upload a new image?
- Folder management
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How do I create a gallery / album?
Img.vision allows users to create a CSS Gallery that can be posted on eBay. However, it can be posted on any site which supports CSS/HTML code editing. You pick the images to show in the gallery and copy the generated code. The gallery completely embeds inside the website you paste the code, so visitors don't need to navigate to another website (eg. don't need to navigate away from your eBay listing).
- Upload images
- Copy & Resize your images into smaller dimensions. This is optional, but recommended if your images are real life photos because photos are usually too big to fit on a web page. My experience is that 640x480 works nicely. Make sure you select your newly generated images before continuing.
- With the images selected that you want to add to the gallery, click the CSS Gallery button to preview and copy the gallery / album embed code
When you've clicked the CSS Gallery button, you'll get live preview of your gallery / album. Click the HTML/CSS Code button to get the code to put inside your eBay listing.
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Hair Follicles
Hair restoration for congenital etiology baldness in the frontal region of the head for a female patient using FUE 3700 hairs were used to restore the problem of the patient resulting in a high density ,natural and undetectable fashion. What the transplanted hair looks like as it begins to grow one and four months after the procedure? see the pictures labeled accordingly ..


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A class of its own –
the 'Nam Dok Mai' mango.
The 'Nam Dok Mai' mango from Thailand is quite Simply sensational.
Premium quality: the Nam Dok Mai mango. The fruit smells intense and delicious even before you cut into it; the skin exudes a little moisture and the dark-orange, fibre-free flesh of the fruit is so soft and tastes so sweet and delicate … simply an unforgettable taste experience.
On a traditional family smallholding, our Nam Dok Mai mangoes are farmed and harvested by hand having been left to ripen for 90 days on the tree. Special paper bags protect the fruits from insects as they ripen. Pesticides are not used. The fruit is not treated with heat or light and is not waxed. When they are transported to Bangkok, the Nam Dok Mai have a maturity of 85–90%. There, they are immediately inspected and individually packed. Our perfect goods are flown to the airport in Frankfurt am Main, where they are inspected once again at the Perishable Centre before being transported by lorry to FrischeParadies stores. Five days generally pass between harvest and arrival. And now they are in perfect condition – ripe, sweet and healthy.


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Heather E. Cunningham
News and Notes:
Just Closed: Mary, Mary by Jean Kerr directed by Shay Gines, Retro Productions May, 2019. **NOMINATED FOR OUTSTANDING ACTRESS IN A LEADING ROLE AT THE 2019 NEW YORK INNOVATIVE THEATRE AWARDS.
Rock the Line by Kathleen Warnock Staged Reading for TOSOS, March 3, 2019.
As the Years Go On: A Retro Cabaret, Retro Productions at the Duplex December, 2018.
Copyright © heather cunningham. All rights reserved.


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One room apartmenthttp://c.com.mc/41152
Palais Belvédère
20, bd. d'Italie
98000 Monaco
Selling price : 1 440 000 €
This large studio apartment with lift boasts a special location in Belvedere Palace, one of Monaco's desirable bourgeois buildings, known for their high ceilings and classic architectural style. The apartment offers a peaceful and quiet outlook and a flexible floorplan for the incoming purchaser.
Belvedere Palace offers a concierge service and direct access to the beaches of Larvotto and the restaurants of Avenue Princess Grace.
Under Law 887
Ref: MP-1742
City: Monaco
Type: Apartment
Room(s): Studio
District: La Rousse - Saint Roman
Building: Palais Belvédère
Total area: 30 m²
Living area: 30 m²
Floor: 3
Layout : Entrance hall, main room with an alcove, separeted toilet, bathroom, independent kitchen.
Contact the agency
Miells & Partners
1, avenue des Citronniers
98000 Monaco www.miells.com
1, avenue des Citronniers
98000 Monaco www.miells.com
+377 97 97 79 29
+377 97 97 79 28
This document does not form part of any offer or contract. All measurements, areas and distances are approximate. The information and plans contained herein are believed to be correct, however, their accuracy is not guaranteed. The photographs show only certain parts of the property at the time they were taken. This offer is subject to change of price or other conditions, without prior notice.


text: Self Care - taking charge of your health, RCPI, 25 January 2018 Almost 100 delegates gathered at the RCPI for the launch of a new report: Self Care – taking charge of your health. Jointly published by IPHA and IPU, it sets out a range of proposals for a more focused approach to self care which could lead to better patient outcomes and considerable savings for the State. You can access the document here: Self-Care-taking-charge-of-your-health and the press release here|: Self-Care-PR-final The meeting also heard from Jonas Vikman of LIF, the Swedish pharmaceutical trade association, on a unique predictive health campaign they ran with the retail pharmacy association in Sweden. Dave Barrett, IPHA who chaired the launch Daragh Connolly IPU; Jonas Vikman LIF, Dave Barrett; Darragh O'Loughlin IPU


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In olden days, when most tennis racquets were still made of wood, I could sometimes sneak a Bances or Te-Amo onto the practice court when the coach wasn't around. I argued that smoking a cigar while hitting tennis balls helped my stamina. Today, there's no smoking and few wood racquets on tennis courts. Technology has moved quickly over 40 years. Jimmy Connors played with a steel racquet. Arthur Ashe swept Wimbledon with a space-age blade made of a blend of graphite, tungsten, titanium and Kevlar.
Since racquets are more durable, larger and lighter, manufacturers need something new to sell. That's where Wilson Sporting Goods comes in with the latest "Ultra Performance Tennis Racket." The Ultra promises "effortless power on all shots from anywhere on the court." All the same power is necessary, but control is paramount. Your shots still have to land inside the lines. The Ultra helps there too.
With the Ultra 100 Countervail, the ball seems to stay on the strings a bit longer. This is "dwell time," and Wilson explains that its grommet system compresses at impact, what it calls a "Crush Zone." That, with the "Power Rib" design that adds stability and stiffness, should increase power, spin and accuracy. Wilson offers a study that found 40 percent more control from the Ultra.
The Ultra's balance is excellent, if a bit too head-light for my style. I found I swung through the ball too fast and so I put a little lead tape on the head, but I do that with all these feathery axes. For me, the most important feature of the Ultra is the vibration damping to which "Countervail" refers. It's a patented material directing "the ball's energy within the frame instead of the body." That study recognized a 30 percent reduction in "vibrational energy" from the racquet. That means my arm doesn't get as tired. Advanced players will appreciate this. Beginners will like the power. Hit a two-handed backhand? You'll dig the customizable handle.
All new racquets require adjustment. String the Ultra a little tighter as it tends to transfer energy into your shots. You might find you can shorten your strokes. That's good for older players like me who have lost some reaction time.
The Ultra comes in six versions from 97-inch to 110-inch head sizes. Prices start around $189. No strings attached. Practice-court cigars sold separately.


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SC10 Education Program Welcome and Keynote Address
SESSION: SC10 Education Program Welcome and Keynote Address
EVENT TYPE: Communities, Education
SESSION CHAIR: Laura McGinnis
Speaker(s):Laura McGinnis, Barry Hess, Robert Twilley
ABSTRACT:All SC10 Conference attendees are welcome to join us as we begin the SC10 Education Program.
The Education Program is designed to introduce HPC and computational tools, resources and methods to undergraduate faculty and pre-college educators. The program also assists educators in integrating HPC and computational techniques into their classrooms and research programs. During SC10 the Education Program will host a four-day intensive program that immerses participants in high-performance computing, networking, storage and analysis. The program offers guided tours of the exhibit hall, focused hands-on tutorials and birds-of-a-feather gatherings, as well as formal and informal opportunities to interact with other SC communities and exhibitors.
Dr. Robert Twilley, Vice President for Research at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, will address the topic, "Systems Ecology of the Mississippi River Delta: How Information Technology Can Reduce Risks, Enhance Resiliency, and Promote Restoration."
Speaker Details:
Laura McGinnis (Chair) - Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
Laura McGinnis - Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
Barry Hess - Sandia National Laboratories
Robert Twilley - University of Louisiana at Lafayette
Click here to download .ics calendar file
Click here to download .vcs calendar file
Click here to add event to your Google Calendar


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What comes out of your mouth when you do not get your way reveals your theology of suffering and theology of God, which shows your Christian maturity. Jesus was correct when He said that what comes out of our mouths explains what is happening in our hearts (Luke 6:45).
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- A Good Listener Listens to Two Levels
- The Secret that Will Change Your Life Forever
- Mind Mapping Stinking Thinking: How to Change Your Mind
The Interstate is a parking lot. Biff is in a traffic jam, and his Executive Board is waiting for him to start the meeting. He will be late.
Mable is over at her neighbor's house slandering her husband. Many appeals for him to change has fallen on deaf ears.
Marge cried herself to sleep last night. Again. She says it's because of her battling parents. She has lost hope that they will ever change.
What about you? How do you respond to trials? My question is not about being tried, but how do you react during those times when trouble comes and stays.
Suffering Reveals
To be discomforted in life is as assured as death and taxes. There are some things you can count on, and personal suffering is one of those things. It is part of the package that comes with the gift of life (Philippians 1:29).
Because suffering is guaranteed, it's essential to give reflective thought on how to respond when you don't get your way—when disappointment comes knocking.
If you listen to what I say, you will know who I am. Even though you cannot see my heart, you can discern my heart by what comes out of my mouth, and nothing will give you more clarity about my heart than in those moments when I do not get my way.
During seasons of personal comfort and self-control, I can fake you out because there are no challenges or disruptions to my desires. It is during times when I do not get my way while being discomforted, that you will realize my practical theology.
Through him, we have also obtained access by faith into this grace in which we stand, and we rejoice in hope of the glory of God. More than that, we rejoice in our sufferings, knowing that suffering produces endurance, and endurance produces character, and character produces hope. – Romans 5:3-5
Paul is teaching that our faith has given us access to the grace of God, and it is through that grace that we stand. The progression goes like this:
- Granting – God grants us the gift of faith.
- Accessing – Because of the faith that the Lord provides, we have access to God's grace.
- Enabling – It is God's grace that allows us to interact with personal suffering.
- Producing – Personal suffering produces endurance, character, and hope.
How are you living in the grace that God is providing you? Your response to suffering reveals the answer to my question.
Suffering Produces
Difficulties do not necessarily have a purpose in themselves. Suffering is suffering. Everybody suffers. Even the unregenerate world suffers. They become sick and die. They are in traffic accidents. They divorce just like the Christian community.
The difference between the unregenerate person who suffers and the believer who suffers is God. Though our lost friends experience the realities of suffering, none of them find faith, grace, endurance, character, and hope.
Christians are the only ones who can experience God through suffering because they have a relationship with Him and they understand that He is working in their adverse circumstances.
It is God who is producing Christ in our lives through suffering. Suffering does not produce divine character qualities. If that were true, the lost person would mature through suffering like a Christian. It is God working through our adversity, bringing out His good purposes in our lives.
In the three illustrations, Biff, Mable, and Marge have two options. (1) They can either fixate on their problems or (2) they can center their thoughts on God, who is seeking to form Christ in them by the difficulties they are experiencing.
The words you choose to talk about your problems will provide the information you need to understand the extent to which you need to calibrate your heart. The God-centered heart produces God-centered language according to the model that Paul lays out in Romans 5:3-5.
This kind of person talks about his problems as one who is enduring through his issues—a person who is fortified even though suffering persists. The character of Christ, which can be understood by the fruit of the Spirit, will be evident to others through your speech patterns.
But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control; against such things there is no law. – Galatians 5:22-23
Those things will reveal the hope you have in God, as He steadies you through the storms of life, but if you are like me, you're not at that place in your pursuit of Christlike maturity. And if you are like me, here are a few helpful questions for you to discuss with the Lord and your friends.
- When you talk about your problems, what do you sound like most of the time: problem-centered or God-centered? Do you know the difference?
- Does faith in Christ come through your speech patterns or are you more characterized by other things? (Galatians 5:22-23 represents what Christlike speech looks like.)
- Will you discuss your answers with a close friend?
Suffering Comforts
Father, if you are willing, remove this cup from me. Nevertheless, not my will, but yours, be done. – Luke 22:42
Christ died on a Roman cross. Let that sink in for a while. Living in a first world culture can dupe you into believing that life is supposed to go according to all your desires. This problem is where a sound theology of suffering is essential to living well in God's world.
When we align ourselves to God's work in our lives, we are actively participating in His grace story: He is working in you to produce the fruit of the Spirit.
God will not give you the life that you desire. He will provide you with the experience that you need to produce the good that He wants for you. This truth is just one of the many ways in which the gospel should practically function in your life.
The longer you resist the good that He is seeking to produce in your life, the way He wants to provide it, the longer it will take you to experience the God of all comfort and the Father of mercies.
Suffering's Goal
Your goal should not primarily be how to overcome your troubles. Your goal is to be comforted in your suffering, by the comfort that God provides so you can comfort others.
Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of mercies and God of all comfort, who comforts us in all our affliction, so that we may be able to comfort those who are in any affliction, with the comfort with which we ourselves are comforted by God. – 2 Corinthians 1:3-4
If your primary goal is to remove your suffering, you will more than likely live a miserable life. Life is not about "getting rid of your suffering" as though that is the chief aim for our lives (1 Corinthians 10:31). That is myopic thinking that is foolish, futile and misses out on the good work that God is doing in your life.
Problem-centered thinking is a mindset that never sees God. The God-centered person approaches suffering from the expectation that God is working good in his life. He is patiently enduring, growing in character while living in hope.
- Are you enduring under the weight of your trouble?
- How is the character of Christ being formed in you?
- Are you more hope-filled than hopeless?
The God-centered Christian is maturing through the suffering because of what God is producing in him. He can do what he could not do before, which is to comfort others with the same comfort in which he has experienced comfort from God.
Do you want to be a discipler for Christ? We were saved to glorify God by sharing His message of hope to as many people as possible. We are called to help others know and experience God in the way in which we have experienced Him (John 4:29; 2 Corinthians 1:3-7).
Because of the fall of Adam and the subsequent curse of suffering, we live in a world of hurting people. That is why it is essential for all of us not only to understand suffering but to live in the grace that God provides.
For to this, you have been called, because Christ also suffered for you, leaving you an example, so that you might follow in his steps. – 1 Peter 2:21
The mind that has been reoriented by the gospel perceives suffering as an opportunity to put Christ on display in the world. Below are a few faith statements that have this view in mind:
- I understand that God is good and that He is working good into every minute of my life regardless of what those minutes are like to me.
- I am empowered to live in the grace of God even in my harshest struggles.
- I am living in His goodness because I can endure even though the struggles in my life are not changing.
- I am now able to be a disciple-maker, helping those who need the comfort that God has used to comfort me.
The call of God is not just about you feeling better or even getting over your problems. The purpose of knowing God is to be used by God. When you suffer, the question is not why me, but who else is struggling and how can I help them? That is the question that God wants us to answer during our times of suffering. That is how Paul understood his adversity in 2 Corinthians 1:3-7.
God wants our holiness to be more important to us than our definition of happiness, which is why He is producing Christ in us through the crucible of suffering so we will be empowered or enabled to help others.
Call to Action
In addition to the questions that I have sprinkled throughout this article, here are a few more for your consideration, mainly: how are you stewarding your trials, sufferings, adversities, and disappointments?
From God's worldview, which is the only correct worldview, we are to see things from His perspective. When you think about God and your suffering:
- What is God doing through your pain?
- What are the useful purposes that He is producing in your life?
- How are you comforting others through God's work in your life?
Only when you see suffering as purposeful, will you be able to see suffering as powerful. Where is your focus in your times of adversity?
With these things in mind, I have produced a "worship meter infographic" that comprises some of our more common responses to personal suffering, trouble, and life's inconveniences. I have divided the worship meter into two parts.
- My worship of God is more about whining when I don't get what I want.
- My worship of God is more about praising when I don't get what I want.
Whine Meter
Below is my list of some of the things that you see in the worship meter. I did not list them in any order of priority but separated them into two distinct camps.
As you read the list or look at the worship meter, how are you generally characterized when trouble comes into your life? Where does the "red needle" land? Are you more of a whining worshiper or a praising worshiper?
Manifestations of the Whining Worshiper – Denial, Haughty, Anger, Depressed, Guilt, Jealous, Shame, Envy, Overwhelmed, Defeated, Discouragement, Resentment, Fear, Bitterness, Surprise: "why me?", Opposition to God, Blame, Wrong expectation
Manifestations of the Praising Worshiper – Praise, Contentment, Peace, Gratitude, Trust, Purpose-filled, Clarity: God's worldview, Hope, Stability, Right expectation, God-centered confidence, Progress with God, Humility, Progress with others, Anticipation, Endurance, Christlike disciple-maker, Comfort others
- Will you ask the Father to help you wrestle through and apply the truths in this article?
- Will you take these thoughts to a small group of friends for more in-depth discussion?


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UC Davis' Child Life and Creative Arts Therapy department helps to minimize the anxiety of hospitalization, increase understanding and strengthen coping skills while helping children to continue their typical growth and development.
Child life specialists, along with music and art therapists, provide support and age-appropriate coping strategies, while educating families, staff and physicians about the special needs of hospitalized children.
Play materials can be provided at each child's bedside and play opportunities are available in the teen and children's playrooms.
Art and music therapists utilize the creative arts to promote healing by offering tools for self-expression while children cope with symptoms, stress or traumatic experiences. The department also includes a full-time school teacher, a playroom coordinator and many volunteers.


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September 25, 2018
Medicare Rights Center Opposes Punitive "Public Charge"
Proposal for Harm to Families and People with Medicare
Washington, DC—Over the weekend, the Department of Homeland Security released a proposed "public charge" rule that could greatly harm families and prevent people with Medicare from accessing the services and supports they need.
The proposal would dramatically expand the government's "public charge" test, which considers whether immigrants are likely to use public benefits when deciding whether or not to grant entry to the United States or permanent resident status. Currently, the scope of what the government considers to be a "public charge" is so narrow that it is rarely used as grounds to reject an immigration application. Under the expanded definition, however, the government would consider a much wider array of services when making a public charge determination—including whether an individual or someone in their family is or is likely to need help affording prescription drugs under Medicare, food and housing assistance, or Medicaid services.
The proposed changes would make it much more difficult for immigrants—especially older adults and people with disabilities—to pursue citizenship, reunite with their families, and access the supports they need to thrive. Already, there are reports of immigrant families abandoning needed assistance out of fear that accessing these services could jeopardize their immigration status. If this rule were to become final, even more immigrants would likely forego vital care, food, and shelter, leading to poorer health outcomes and exacerbating economic and social disparities.
The Medicare Rights Center opposes this harmful proposal. Policies must be changed to make health care and other essential services more accessible, affordable, and available to those in need—not less so. No one should be forced to choose between their and their family's health and well-being and the stability of their immigration status and family unification. We urge the Administration to immediately withdraw this unconscionable proposal.
Press Contact: Mitchell Clark – email@example.com
– end –
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Medicare Rights Center is a national, nonprofit consumer service organization that works to ensure access to affordable health care for older adults and people with disabilities through counseling and advocacy, educational programs, and public policy initiatives.
Available only through the Medicare Rights Center, Medicare Interactive (MI) is a free and independent online reference tool that provides easy-to-understand answers to questions posed by people with Medicare, their families and caregivers, and the professionals serving them. Find your Medicare answers at www.medicareinteractive.org.
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Whether you are camping or "glamping" Lake County is the place to go to for an outstanding camping experience. Below you will read about some state parks as well as campgrounds you can escape to in Lake County.
Right along Lake Superior, you will find Tettegouche State Park. This state park offers camping year-round, so whether you are looking for some summer rays or trying to "rough" it in the winter, Tettegouche is the spot to be. Tettegouche has 28 drive-in sites, 5 backpack sites, 6 walk-in sites. Learn more about what fees and amenities Tettegouche State Park has on their DNR page.
Gooseberry Falls State Park is another state park with great camping spots. The park features 69 drive-in sites. If you are traveling on the Lake Superior Water Trail, there is 1 kayak camping spot that is first come first serve, so you better paddle quickly. Learn more about what fees and amenities Gooseberry Falls State Park has on their DNR page.
If state parks aren't what you had in mind, don't fret because there are also several campground in Lake County to check out!
Penmarallter Campsite is located several miles southwest of Two Harbors. Penmarallter Campsite's goal is to provide a comfortable camping experience for their guests. Features include wi-fi, firewood, and a shower house with flushing toilets. The campsite is accessible for RVs up to 50 feet. For more information on Penmarallter Campsite, visit their website.
Burlington Bay Campsite is located in Two Harbors, MN and is directly on Lake Superior. This campsite features 66 sites with water and electric hook-ups; 36 sites with water, electric and sewer hook-ups; and 34 sites with water, sewer, and 50 amp electric hook-ups. In addition, there are 10 primitive tent sites. Amenities include wi-fi, dump station, and ice. For more information and to book online visit Burlington Bay Campsite's webpage.
If you want to go further north for your campground, visit Lamb's Resort in Schroeder, MN. This campground features a bathhouse, wi-fi, an arcade, and a playground. Lamb's Resort also sells firewood, ice, and they also have a gift shop. Pets are welcomed on the campsite but need to be registered for when booking a campsite. For more information on what fees and other features Lamb's Resort has, visit their website.


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Peterson 6 Charred Wood Chips - Single Pack
The Charred Wood Chips will add a customized touch to your Gas Log Set and give it that little extra flair to take it from ordinary to extraordinary. The Wood Chips comes with 6 hand-painted and handcrafted ceramic pieces.
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R.H. Peterson Wood Chip Rings are individual pieces of ceramic that look like the cut-off end of a hollow log. They are used as a decorative accent for gas logs. They are typically placed on top of, or in front of the glowing ember bed. Includes: 6 Wood Chips Only.