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While I'm often discouraged by the state of our nation, I still have moments of intense pride and feel it's still proper to support our country, after all, patriotism is a virtue, is it not? Sure America has much to offer, beautiful varieties of landscapes, a melting pot nation where people of every culture is welcome, we're the champion of freedom, democracy, hard work, social mobility, fabulous food, and we have the New York Yankees! However, we are also individualistic, God-less, against life, materialistic, and petty. The problem is people don't live their day to day lives with remembering the God given gift of America---we have become broken and fractured.
A big part of me used to like it when things broke down---there was just something about long weather delays at the airport, a dead stop in a traffic jam, or any shift where the earth stops rotating the way it's supposed to. For those moments in time, I can relax and be like a kid again, curious, starry eyed, wondering what will unfold next, but realizing that my will and actions can't or won't force anything. Still, the weight of the world is off your shoulders, you enter a state of pure being---that is, until the snow starts to melt or the traffic picks up. Those moments and happenings were different break downs than what we see now. Those times offered a mesmerizing look, a peek, a glimpse into what is real and tangible and eternal about you----current times scare the heebeegeebees out of me.
I write this because living in another country for awhile surely opens your eyes to what we look at as just our nature, and what really is broken. Sneaking glances of the news in the USA doesn't seem so pretty, and what folks say about us, doesn't seem so glamorous anymore. The other day in an English class, the kids were reading a short story out loud. In the story a teen had gone to America, and upon return, he told his class, among other things, that marijuana is everywhere, and that all the students do is get high. The teacher stopped, turned to me, and asked if this was true and to please explain to the class. My lord, I felt so embarrassed, but with 44 sets of eyes staring at me, waiting to hang on my every word, I went on, in a nutshell, to say that the words in the story were somewhat of an exaggeration, and that sure, there are drugs everywhere, but it takes a good person, one with inner fortitude to just say no.
Sometimes, like what happened in class, or if I read about yet another shooting in the US, I feel like the world is currently immersed in a prolonged moment of things breaking down, yet simultaneously, being in Africa, it feels increasingly like a return to the natural strife—the musical soul of the ebb and flow of the universe. I didn't think I'd like the mundane village life for so long, but boy am I ever glad to have a break from the broken world outside of my village.


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We help leaders and managers to explore their leadership style, look ahead and plan their progression, look back and learn from their experiences, and understand how their present challenges fit with their needs, aspirations, values and the organisation's goals. With our combination of organisational experience and psychological background, we are able to help individuals overcome habitual patterns enabling personal change.
When you come to us for coaching, we aim to:
- provide a confidential environment in which you can reflect upon your purpose, direction and vision
- offer you an opportunity to recognise your leadership style and its impact
- enable some clearer thinking around how situations have come to be
- help with gaining insights into 'who' and 'how' you are
- enable the unpicking of assumptions, muddled thinking, difficult situations
- enable better relationship building and communications
- open up possibilities and choices
- encourage ways forward for you to achieve desired results

subset: commoncrawl


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This product has a processed edge.
Low-Medium Traffic:
This product is suitable for use in low – medium traffic environment.
Bathrooms & Kitchens:
This product can be used in both bathrooms and kitchens.
This product should be used in interior applications.
This product is suitable for walls & floors.
Allana Hughes
Q :Hi
I was wondering how many mosaic tile on a sheet.
Many thanks
A :18 Pieces on a sheet.
Q :How many 305mm X 305mm do you get in a pack? (For £31.99)
A :Dear customer,
Thank you for your interest in our product.
This particular range comes in 10 sheets per pack, however this is just under 1m2 therefore for £31.99 you would receive 11 full sheets.
If you have any other queries please feel free in contacting us.


text:
Monitoring Options
Security Equipment Company
strongly urges that all alarm systems be professionally monitored. However, with a few exceptions, should an Owner decide not to have their alarm system monitored Security Equipment Company respects that decision and does not insist on mandatory monitoring. That option is exceptionally rare in today's marketplace.
Monitoring Options
Owner's Choices
Telephone Lines are the Most Common Means of Alarm Monitoring
Despite a wide and growing number of options, the plain old telephone service (in the industry known as POTS) remains the most common method of monitoring alarm systems even today. In the past, POTS was just about the only option available when you wanted your alarm system monitored. It was cheap, reliable (aside from cut phone lines) and almost everyone had POTS lines.
Today, as more and more people are looking to reduce their growing phone bills by moving to VOIP and other options such as cell phones legacy POTS lines still remain the most common.
Want to Eliminate Phone Lines?
Wireless Monitoring is Available
With the advent of expanding cell phone service more and more people are dropping telephone "land lines" as an unnecessary expense. With cell service available in most locations and no phone lines to be cut, wireless monitoring of alarm systems is rapidly becoming a more popular alternative. Security Equipment Company has been offering this advantageous service for years. Eliminating an old fashioned "land line" can be a real cost saver.
Want alarm system reports directly to your cell phone? Security Equipment Company can arrange for that.
Your Security System Service Since 1977
Broadband Offers Many Cell Phone Connected Options
As broadband (internet) service has become widespread, more and more people are reducing phone bills with VOIP (voice over Internet Protocol). Following this trend, broadband alarm monitoring offers a wide variety of other options such as direct cell phone reporting and remote control from your smart phone.
In order to meet a wide variety of Owner situations and preferences, Security Equipment Company offers the widest possible variety of alarm monitoring options. In the newest developments, telephones linea are no longer required.
Copyright 2014 by Security Equipment Co. Inc.


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"Voices" by Maarten Swaan (2013)
10 new songs recorded by Dave Bianchi and backed up by musicians Xavi Molero on drums, Miguel Serna on bass and Claudia Gómez on piano. Also Lisa Bause on violin, chello Frances Bartlett and trumpet Natsuko Sugao.
Released July 2013
All songs written by Maarten Swaan


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Tuition-Based Preschool (TBPS)
(Must be 3 by September 1, 2019)
Tuition-Based Preschool offers full day and half day options to 3- and 4-year-old children. This classroom environment provides learning opportunities through small group and whole group instruction, as well as choice time. We teach using The Creative Curriculum, along with planning and assessments guided by the Michigan Department of Education. Our classrooms run Monday through Friday, with a full day option (9:00am – 3:30pm) and a half day option of morning (9:00am – 12:00pm) or afternoon (12:30pm – 3:30pm). This program gives parents the flexibility to choose the days and time that works best for them (two days minimum).
We also offer before and aftercare in conjunction with our programs.
Great Start Readiness Program (GSRP)
(Must be 4 by September 1, 2019, with a waiver provision for children born between September 1 and December 1, 2019)
The GSRP is a free, state-funded preschool program for qualifying families. Children must be 4 years old and families must qualify based on the Income Eligibility Guidelines. An original birth certificate of the child and proof of household income are requirements of the application process. We currently have four GSRP classrooms at the Early Childhood Center, three of which are School Day and one that is a Half Day program. Our GSRP provides children the opportunity to build a solid foundation for learning. Classroom instruction utilizes The Creative Curriculum, a research-based curriculum that features exploration and discovery as a way of learning. Through "studies" based on student interest and student-led inquiry, children have a say and are engaged in their learning.
Head Start
Head Start is a free, federally-funded preschool for 3-4 year old children. Eligibility is based on strict income guidelines as well as other factors. Interviews will be scheduled for those who qualify. Please call (586) 469-5215 to schedule an appointment.


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working wrench, is it possible?
limburgmetaal replied to limburgmetaal's topic in Help, Tips & Tricksthanks Sander i will give it another try Maarten
limburgmetaal started following saving program setting and not just the machine setting, working wrench, is it possible?, UM3, firmware 3.5 Feedback and and 7 others
working wrench, is it possible?
limburgmetaal posted a topic in Help, Tips & TricksIt there someone who succeded in making a working wrench? i have tried several on the web found but non was working the offset possiblity was used and that made it a little bit better, but still not working below picture are top and bottom side bottom side is very poor!! Machine UM3 Nozzle 0.4 Layer height 0.1 material tried: PLA and ABS Support either PLA or PVA with the ABS
testing stand
limburgmetaal posted a file in 3D Prints
Version 1.0
953 downloadsI needed a testing stand to check the roundness and the swiffel of some items. The higher support is Multi purpose, you can either mount the bearing support or the pin for centering in the center hole of a shaft. Height adjustment is easy so that you can line this with the fixed bearing support
support for 3mm plexiglass
limburgmetaal posted a file in 3D Prints
UM3 Front door - Does anyone have a file for one?
limburgmetaal replied to benji_eod's topic in Ultimaker 3D printers
poor cohesion ABS
limburgmetaal replied to limburgmetaal's topic in Help, Tips & Trickswill thinnen layers be better or worse?
poor cohesion ABS
limburgmetaal posted a topic in Help, Tips & Tricksi have printed with this reel of ABS before and worked fine, but for some reason there is a poor cohesion between the lines result a, brittle part that is not good Table 60° Extruder 220° Fan Off layer height 0.2mm speed 3600mm/min Nozzle 0.4 anybody any idear?
I have both cura and s3d, if i can help than let me know
have you tried to make the same print with an other slicing program as well cura and s3d? if so this will eliminate the error in a Gcode
Glue pla filament
limburgmetaal posted a topic in MaterialsCan you glue 2 pieces of a pla printed part together? I tried to use Loctile 415, but that is not working
Removing Print Best Practices
limburgmetaal replied to kerberg's topic in Help, Tips & TricksI put it under the tap, 2 minutes cold water and it is loose
Firmware um3
limburgmetaal posted a topic in Cura + pluginshow can you see if there is a new firmware available and what your current firmware issue is?
I can not see where you can save your programm setting. The machine setting can be save as profile, that is easy. but if you have a builtup of several STL files on your table, all lined out that there is maximum parts and still good space, then i can't save that. is this not something that more people would need, or have i overlooked something?
thanks, i never know that there was so much hidden "underwater" do you give a possitive value or negative value to make the holes bigger? i assume a +1 or is this trial and errow combined with a bit of good luch
is there anyone who made these adjustable wrenches that work? i tried today two different versions but both are stuck and can't get any movement


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Kamloops Lotto 6/49 Winner Fulfills Dreams05/09/2018
A cruise and some cuddles from puppies are on the mind of B.C.'s latest Lotto 6/49 winner. Kamloops' Sherry Edwards won the $1 Million Guaranteed Prize on the September 1, 2018 Lotto 6/49 draw.
Edwards learned of her win while at home sitting in her rocking chair and sipping tea. "I checked the numbers three times online before realizing I had won," she said. After self-checking the numbers at the Husky station where she had bought her ticket, Edwards immediately called her son to share the good news. "He didn't believe me, until I sent him a picture," she laughed. "We were so excited!"
Edwards is looking forward to fulfilling some of her dreams and helping care for those she loves most. "I feel blessed and so incredibly grateful. I can set up an education fund for my grandchildren and I've always dreamed of adopting more dogs in need of a good home," she said.
To celebrate her win Edwards is planning on purchasing a new truck and going on a cruise to Alaska with her girlfriend. "I wasn't sure if I could afford to go a week ago, but now I know I can make it happen," she smiled.
The Husky on Columbia Street in Kamloops sold the winning ticket.
Every time someone purchases a lottery ticket in B.C., it funds programs across the province. Learn more here.
BCLC offers socially responsible gambling entertainment while generating income to benefit all British Columbians. Remember, play for fun, not to make money. For more information, visit GameSense.ca.
Lotto 6/49 is a nationwide lottery game drawn on Wednesdays and Saturdays after 7:30 p.m. (PT). Each draw includes a Guaranteed Prize Draw of $1 million. Players can purchase tickets at any lottery retailer or at PlayNow.com.
Posted in: winners, news article


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The Village Kendwa Beach Resort is located on the North West coast, in a wonderful area full of mangroves, coconut trees, beautiful beaches and coral reefs. Built according to the local architectural style and in full harmony with the surroundings, the resort is surrounded by a tropical garden and is located directly on the beautiful coral beach, always swimming due to less action of the tides along this stretch of coast.
The rooms are divided into Garden View, Ocean View, Beach Bungalows and Deluxe, elegantly furnished in local style, are equipped with air conditioning, ceiling fan, mosquito net, phone, safe deposit box, mini fridge (2 bottles of water included per day), hair dryer, private bathroom with shower, balcony or veranda with table and chairs. The maximum capacity of Garden View rooms is 2 adults, of Ocean View is 3 adults or 2 adults and 2 children, while the Beach Bungalow and Deluxe rooms can accommodate up to 4 adults.
The main restaurant "Ngalawa Beach Restaurant" located directly on the beach, offers specialties of seafood and international bar located on the beach where you can enjoy drinks and light snacks throughout the day. Time for lunch and dinner in the restaurant of Eden Village can also be a nice opportunity to get together with the leaders and other guests and share stories and emotions in an atmosphere of friendliness and conviviality.
|Coming Soon


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Following the success of our Joomlavideo Joomlaproffs go in with full speed in the summer months and has several new projects in the pipeline. In short, we are launching a new website for the company Baby North who specialize in environmental and fair trade products for children and pregnant women. After this, we continue with exciting new projects during the summer.
We will not close down the office and receive new orders throughout the holiday.


text: The Week In Style: 11.27.13\nMr. Style's weekly look at what people are wearing on and off the golf course\nPretty cool stuff. Have you ever seen two better-looking bookends? What a fitting way to end the year!\nFrom a sartorial standpoint, G-Mac was on the leader board all year. I guarantee you he'll be back on that leader board, as well as the tournament scoreboards, in 2014.\nImpressive stuff when your caddie totally buys into the program. Leggings and all.\nGreat synchronized look, courtesy of Nike and Michelle Wie.\nThis is the best dressed golfer. Period. Note the sleeves are just sleeves (not a shirt). Even the white belt is split and color-coordinated with his outfit. Ryo has every detail perfectly done.\nSimple, coordinated, athletic, muscular, and great!\nHow come we don't talk more about golfers named Maximilian? By the way, nice pants.\nI love Thomas Bjorn, so I'm not even going to say anything about the all-white outfit. Pretty courageous, and boy what a great week he had.\nI love everything here, but couldn't she do something with her feet? Somebody should have told her she's got the farmer's tan going on.\nVa-va-va-voom.\nSuzann looking sharp as always. Love the scarf!\nIn reviewing the year, bold stripes were very much at the forefront, and here's a really nice version of them.\nMorgan looking beautiful as well.\nNew year's resolution: No pleats. Please. They just make you look bigger.\nSpeaking of looking modern and great, Sandra's always on our style leader board.\nWhen you want to look clean and modern, and you're in great shape, you can go with a combination like this.\nIs Paul Smith working with Galvin Green? This is one way to see the stripes on his back. And like Stuart, we're looking ahead to next year!


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In these conditions, when it is almost mid-winter on the ice, it's hard to determine whether a sniffle and a tear carry the same meaning as it does at home. Eyes tear up and freeze. Sniffles are commonplace when outside for any length of time. It's just part of life in Antarctica.
The last sunset has long passed. We live in the dark. The soft yellow glow coming from a street light and two bright white headlights aimed at us from the front of the fire engine illuminate the gathering. Thankfully, the wind is mild. There is a steady breeze, just enough to deposit snow into the nooks and crannies of my jacket. I'm slowly losing feeling in my toes. They are in the painful, not quite fully numb yet stage. Many of those around me are cold as well. But everyone remains motionless.
A detail from the fire department lowers the flag halfway while our resident trumpeter plays Taps. I know the head of the fire detail, she is a veteran. We all stand outside, the discomfort somehow seems appropriate. The New Zealanders have come over the hill to join us.
Today, we remember those who died for our country from a place with no recognized national borders. We stand in front of the last flag on station, the others having been taken down in preparation for winter. It's a potent moment when the station head reads the numbers of dead from various wars and conflicts. Standing next to me, old salty Marine wipes a tear away. I'm pretty sure it wasn't from the cold.
Happy Memorial Day.


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January 7, 2010
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Torchlight (PC)
Oct. 27 download; Jan. 5 retail, Runic Games
By Glenn "Giant Catfish" Given firstname.lastname@example.com
Click-click-click on the dwarven wight and watch your screen go kablooey with fun in Torchlight, a click-and-slash dungeon crawl in the vein of Gauntlet and Diablo.
Well, more than just in the vein of Diablo, this practically is Diablo 2 all over again. From the wafer-thin plot ("blah, blah something evil in the mines under our town") to the development team (many members of the Diablo creation team at Blizzard North are Runic founders) Torchlight might as well have been boxed as Diablo 2.5. While the grimdark stylings have been swapped out in favor of a more Fable-cum-Anime veneer, the core game remains the same. Players choose one of three classes to delve into the mines of Torchlight. As the burly Destroyer, you wade into hordes of foes relying on passive damage auras and improved melee abilities to cleave your enemies in two. The agile Vanquisher can opt to specialize in ranged attacks via gun or bow as well as close critical strikes or by dominating the field of battle with various trap-like abilities. The magical Alchemist employs summoned minions, magic-infused strikes and storms of hellfire to lay waste to roomful after roomful of baddies. While there is a fair amount of skill-customizing available (each class has three branching trees of abilities to invest in as you gain experience and fame), on any but the hardest difficulty the game can practically be played one-handed. Navigation is click-to-walk and clickity-clicking enemies will start the violent hammer blows. You can hot-key abilities for fast deployment, but most players will find that they boil their game down to one or two key spells and some fancy footwork. Enemy AI is dodgy and all but the teleporting villains can be bested with guerrilla tactics and kiting.
Torchlight is a budget winner — for $20 via Steam (a price which frequently sees random but welcome slashing for weekend sales) you're not going to get a better action RPG. Throw in the netbook mode, which downgrades graphics to enable play on today's ubiquitous micro-laptops, and you've got the perfect on-the-go gaming fix. Replayability is high as characters who complete the main quest can be "retired" and pass a buffed item on to your next character, or continue to slog deeper in an eternal dungeon that scales its enemies to your level. Signs indicate a Torchlight MMO later this year, and while I wouldn't necessarily shell out a monthly fee to keep the dungeon grind treadmill running when the single-player model is so satisfying already, fans of RPGs, Gauntlet-likes and the ability to text with your left hand while slaughtering an army of pygmy cannibals with your right hand will rejoice at one of the best and best-priced games of '09. A — Glenn Given


text: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 28(2):155-157, FEBRUARY 2009 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0b013e318184dbb8 , PMID: 19106774 Issn Print: 0891-3668 Publication Date: February 2009 Print PHARYNGEAL COLONIZATION BY KINGELLA KINGAE IN CHILDREN WITH INVASIVE DISEASE Pablo Yagupsky;Nurith Porat;Erica Pinco; + Author Information From the *Clinical Microbiology Laboratory and †Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Negev, Beer-Sheva; and ‡Central Laboratory, Maccabi Health Care Services, Rehovot, Israel. Checking for direct PDF access through Ovid Abstract Kingella kingae organisms isolated from the blood of 3 children with invasive infections were identical by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction analysis to those recovered from the patients' pharynx, demonstrating the likely role of upper respiratory tract colonization in the pathogenesis of the disease caused by this bacterium.


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|Askia Mohammad depicted in Civilization V
The Songhai people rose from the obscurity of the once mighty Mali Empire to become the newest empire in the region thanks to the efforts of its founder Sunni Ali. Sunni Ali died in 1492, leaving his son in charge of the Empire. However, it would be interrupted by the ambitions of one of Ali's most trusted general – Mohammad Ture or better known as Askia Mohammad. This cunning and tenacious general would march the Empire into its golden age.
Like Sunni Ali, nothing much is known about his birth and childhood. He only began to appear as one of the most trusted and loyal general and adviser to Sunni Ali.
In 1492, Sunni Ali died leaving his son, Sunni Baru, as his successor. The reign of Sunni Baru would prove to be brief. His father's rule was marred with hypocrisy. His father proclaimed he was a Muslim. Yet he killed, tortured, and imprisoned a lot of Muslim scholars. The anger of the Muslims towards Ali then turned against Baru. The Muslims found a new Songhai ruler under the guise of Ali's general – Mohammad Ture. Mohammad Ture had the ambitions of becoming the ruler of the vast and wealthy Songhai Empire. With the opportunity to become such, he grabbed it and launched a coup with the support of Muslim scholars against the Sunni Baru. They took over the capital – Gao – and sent Baru to exile while Mohammad Ture took the throne, established a new dynasty, and took the name Askia.
As a usurper, he needed to maintain the support of the Muslims in order to keep the throne. Askia then showed great religious zeal towards Islam. He showed devotion by going to a Hajj or pilgrimage to the Holy City of Mecca from 1497 to 1498. While on the journey, he further cemented his Muslim connection with the authority given to him by the Abbasid caliphate during the time of his Hajj. Also, his conversations with the famous Islamic scholar in present-day Algeria, al–Maghili, made him more popular to Muslims back home. His policies towards Muslim scholarship was praised. Thus, Islamic scholarship in the cities of Timbuktu and Djenne, once declined during the time of Sunni Ali, became active and alive again. Although a devout Muslim, Mohammad also did not wanted to antagonize the local traditional religions and showed tolerance towards them.
His exploits as great Muslim also reflects equally with his great military skills. As a general during the time of Sunni Ali, Askia Mohammad was no stranger to war. Askia continued the military expansion campaigns launched by his predecessors. He used the Songhai cavalry, infantry, and riverine fleet in order to extend his reach. By the time of his death, the Songhai Empire occupied the salt abundant mines of Taghaza in the north. In the east, the Songhai Empire's border reach the Aïr Mountains. To the south, Askia became bog down in Kanembornu. And in the west, the Sengal River became the western end of the empire. In modern day standards, the Empire occupied the modern southern Mali, Niger, Northern Burkina Faso, and Northern Nigeria. Mohammad Askia was not able to expand further to the Mossi States and Haussaland due to their stiff resistance against the Songhai.
As a ruler, Askia improved the administration of the Empire that Sunni Ali established. Askia was credited with the establishing of a tax system that funded his military campaigns and religious activities. Also he appointed ministers that would handle the cases of the treasury, army, navy, and agriculture.
Askia ruled for about 35 years. He passed in 1528 leaving the Songhai Empire as the most powerful country in the region. Askia was buried in a tomb in Gao where it is today recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Askia Mohammad left a towering legacy. As a lieutenant of Sunni Ali he was cunning and smart enough to earn founder of the Songhai Empire. His loyalty to Sunni Ali however did not encompassed loyalty towards the son. With strength and the crescent in his back, he took the bold move to usurp the throne and lead the Songhai Empire to its zenith. His piety, warrior skills, and administrative skills brought him respect by his people. Respect, which his people showed by entombing his mortal remains in a modest tomb. Askia Mohammad was a great ruler of the Songhai Empire.
See also:
Songhai Empire
Sunni Ali
Tuareg Salt Caravan
Alexander, L. & W. Rucker (eds.). Encyclopedia of African American History. California: ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2011.
Beck, R. et. al. World History: Patterns of Interaction. Florida: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Pub. Co., 2012.
Stearns, P. (ed.). Oxford Encyclopedia of World History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.


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I just got these cute paper balloons from my friend who got back from Niigata.
There is an old and famous paper balloon factory in Izumozaki-cho, Niigata which has been running business since 1919.
Blowfish, pumpkin, soccer ball, penguin, and water melon.
Don't you think all of them looks very cute?
It's aroun 100 yen ~ 500yen (some combination sets)
Not only cheap but also easy to carry so it's good to bring them as souvenirs to your home country or oversew.
You can also make your own style and even get your name on it.
It'd be fun to order original paper balioons.
Isono Paper ballon factory
- Smart Life Candy (Agave)
- 2017.10.25
- Soy milk Yogurt
- 2017.10.16
- Awatama Onion Soup
- 2017.10.14
- Horse oil cream
- 2017.09.30


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Thursday, August 18, 2016
Bye-bye, The McLaughlin Group: The McLaughlin Group to end this weekend after 34 years with a final episode as a special retrospective tribute.
After 34 years on the air, The McLaughlin Group will end this weekend with its final episode, following the death this week on Tuesday of its moderator and host John McLaughlin (89).
The final episode of The McLaughlin Group will be recorded on Friday and will take the form of a special tribute retrospective episode with the existing panelists of Pat Buchanan, Tom Rogan, Eleanor Clift and Clarence Page.
The final episode will be done to honour the legacy of John McLaughlin.
The McLaughlin Group can be viewed online.
■ Esquire's 2008 essay reprinted: The McLaughlin Group taught me more about human interaction than any other show.
"There are 388 shows on television that feature lunatics yelling at one another, but this is still the only good one".
■ Bloomberg: A brief video tribute to John McLaughlin.
■ You'll be missed, John McLaughlin.
■ Clarence Page in The Chicago Tribune: John McLaughlin's final 'Bye-bye'.


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Our Services
At Pandaria Technology, we believe our services never end at sales, instead, it is just the beginning. With excellent technical support, we ensure all our customers to receive hassle-free experience. Our technician actively offer help to resolve any issues with first response on-site or remotely. Your satisfaction is our top priority.


text: Welcome to your personal Sage test drive Each test drive will show you how Sage makes your job easier by enabling you to be more productive and efficient. Learn how to gain valuable insight into your business, run successful marketing campaigns, manage your sales pipeline and resolve customer issues quickly. To get started simply tell us your role in the business and you can take a personalised test drive to match this. CEO Sales Manager Marketing Manager Customer Service Manager For an optimal experience we advise that you take this test drive on a desktop or laptop device


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Apr 30, 2010
LyondellBasell Emerges from Bankruptcy
Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft LLP successfully completed the global reorganization of chemical company giant LyondellBasell as the company emerges today from its rehabilitative stay in Chapter 11.
"LyondellBasell's plan of reorganization, which became effective today, is the capstone of an historic and extremely successful global reorganization," stated George Davis, lead counsel for Lyondell and Partner in Cadwalader's Financial Restructuring practice. "When Lyondell retained Cadwalader 15 months ago, the credit markets were frozen and the ability to obtain third-party DIP financing was virtually non-existent. Add to that a significant debt burden, billions of dollars of potential liabilities and an international corporate structure whose foreign subsidiary secured obligors could not be fully protected by filing Chapter 11 in U.S.Bankruptcy Court, and it is easy to see that the scope of the engagement was significant," he said. "I am proud to be among so many outstanding professionals who met every challenge this complex case presented in a time frame and with results that permit our client to move forward with confidence and certainty."
Jim Gallogly, Chief Executive Officer of LyondellBasell, stated: "The past 18 months have been extraordinarily challenging for our company. George and his team recognized the complexity of the business environment and traversed very difficult legal terrain. Their outstanding work has led to a consensual resolution deemed fair to all stakeholders. It was an extraordinary accomplishment achieved in a very short period of time. We are grateful for Cadwalader's hard work as we exit bankruptcy well-positioned for the future."
Under the plan, LyondellBasell has emerged with only $7.2 billion in consolidated debt ($5.2 billion of net consolidated debt), over $3 billion of liquidity and $10 billion of stockholder equity value (one of the highest in Chapter 11 history).
Among other noteworthy accomplishments in the case were:
Dorothy Auth
Scott Cammarn, Mark Chorazak
Steven Herman, Amanda Reasoner


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Spinach Dip Bites
Prep Time: 10 minutes | Cook Time: 30 minutes
- 2 cups spinach, chopped
- 1 6oz jar Artichoke Hearts, drained and chopped
- ½ tsp. minced garlic
- 2 Tbsp grated parmesan cheese
- 4 ounces Cream Cheese, softened
- ¾ cup shredded mozzarella cheese, divided
- ½ tsp. garlic salt
- 1 can seamless Crescent Dough
- Heat up your oven to 375 degrees.
- Combine the spinach, artichokes, parmesan and garlic together in a bowl. Then mix in the cream cheese and half the mozzarella.
- Season the mixture with salt and set to one side.
- Roll out the dough and stretch into a rectangle, roughly 8" x 12".
- Cut the dough into around 24 2" squares
- Grease a muffin tray and press a square of dough into each section.
- Add a teaspoon of the spinach mixture into each section on top of the dough and press in.
- Add the rest of the mozarella on the tops of each bite.
- Bake in the oven for 15 - 17 minutes, until golden brown
- Let cool for 5 minutes, then serve and enjoy!


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Want to help your girl find and use the voice God gave her? These devotionals can help! Packed with real-life applications, activities, and discussion guides, our devotionals will have her hooked...and now you can bundle all 5!
Give your girl the opportunity this summer to interact with five extraordinary women whose character you would be proud to have her emulate. Use the next few weeks to create opportunities for her to learn from these women and grow in character and confidence.
This Digital Devotional includes:
- A digital download of each devotional
- Five, 7-day studies tailored for moms and their kids (41 pages total)
- Daily lessons and easy takeaways for girls ages 4-10
- Activities for moms to help guide their girls in prayer, scripture memory, and the themes of the scripture.


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Android Transfer/Manager
Transfer all files between Android and computer, including contacts, photos, music, SMS, and more.
Easily sync iTunes media with Android with just a click.
Manage all content of your Android via desktop.
Compatible with Windows & Mac
Lifetime FREE updates
Take Complete Control of Your Android Mobile Content
When you switch to a new phone, the first important thing is to move over all your important files, including contacts of friends and family, photos of life highlights, messages you want to keep, music you like to listen, even the apps you get to use everyday. Android Transfer makes moving to a new iPhone or Android phone simple like a breeze.
Organize Android Media Files
Android Transfer makes the entertainment available to you, whenever and whereever you want. You'll always have something great to enjoy while you're commuting to work, traveling, or just standing in line somewhere without an Internet connection.
Transfer photo/video
Transfer photos and videos between Android devices and computers. Feel free to enjoy your favorite videos wherewhever you go.
Transfer music
Transfer music between Android devices and iTunes/computers. You will get all favorite songs in the palm of your hand.
Manage media files
Add, export, and delete media data on computer conveniently. You can keep valued photos, music & videos safe with a backup or well organized.
Keep Personal Info Clear
Transfer Android Contacts and Messages Easily
Manage All Your Applications Effeciently
- Transfer apps from Android to computer for backup.
- Drag and drop APK files to install apps, remove the unneeded apps on your Andriod device in batch.
- Flexibly remove pre-installed apps or bloatware from your Android device.
Transfer your Android data
Start enjoying a simplified mobile life today!


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Several weeks ago, my wife and I were visiting our daughter and her family in Southern California. Wrestling with a latch on my 2-year-old granddaughter's car seat, I couldn't figure out how to open it. Our perky granddaughter, Layla, looked me in the eye, with her million-dollar smile and declared, "Don't worry, grandpa, you can do it."
After trying different strategies to open it, she repeated her refrain. By then I was frustrated, but I didn't give up until I figured it out. After all, I wanted her to be right. Free at last, she said, still smiling— "I knew you could do it... Read More


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Help us get to over 4,000 biographies in 2018.
If you know of a past magician not listed in MagicPedia, start a New Biography for them or Email us your suggestion.
From Magicpedia, the free online encyclopedia for magicians by magicians.
A Bite, my Dear? is an ebook by Tom Stone published in 2004. 16 Pages.
- Triball Rites - A prediction effect with balls and cups.
- Tortilla Aces - An Ace Production.
- Bottle up! - An impromptu bottle production.
- Sneaky Palm Shift - A move to palm a card out of the deck.
- TushPush - A trick by Axel Adlercreutz where a drawn line is moved.
- Hoarders - A card trick in the Collectors genre.


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Primary Agoraphobia
Primary Agoraphobia is Agoraphobia Without History of Panic Disorder when people with agoraphobia do not meet the criteria used to diagnose Panic Disorder (111).
Relaxation techniques are often useful skills for people with agoraphobia to develop, as they can be used to stop or prevent symptoms of anxiety and panic.
Stress management techniques and various kinds of meditation practices as well as visualization techniques can help people with anxiety disorders (111).
It is vital that clients remain in the situation until anxiety has become less intense because if they leave the situation the phobic response will not decrease and it may even rise (9).
The best available Counselling and Psychotherapy may be provided via Skype and FaceTime in the comfort of your home, office or any place of your choice.
Related Topics


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- Good deals!
Beach towels
The collab of the summer!
Fruit of a collaboration with Moismont, those beach towels are made in the respect of the Indian tradition.
Well-known for its scarves, a collaboration between La Cerise and Moismont was obvious: they have in common the pattern, the color and the quality requirement.


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Category Archives: Seafood
Salmon Cakes
I love a good burger or croquette of almost any kind! Since I had a piece of wild king salmon leftover from last night's dinner, I was determined to do it justice. These cakes were inspired by an earlier post … Continue reading
Pasta with Lobster, Leek and Tomato
This is a springtime twist on Pasta with Lobster, Chilis and Mint. In the spring, when leeks have just begun to show up at our local farm stands, it's nice to add them to whatever I'm cooking, just for that … Continue reading
Striped Bass with Sorrel Pesto
Today, my friend Kathleen brought me a bunch of beautiful sorrel fresh from the garden, and told me she had made a pesto out of hers, so I decided to try my hand at my own version. In the past, … Continue reading
Posted in Sauces, Seafood Leave a comment
Snapper all'Arrabbiata
One of the most delicate local fish in the waters off South Florida is snapper. Red snapper and yellowtail are the most commonly found varieties, but the variety I'm using today is known as "hog snapper," which is delicate, tender, and worth … Continue reading
Tropical Lobster Salad
As you may have guessed, the ingredients that went into this salad are reflective of my winter habitat–South Florida. This was the perfect light lunch, inspired by some of the many wonderful ingredients at my local farmers' market. I've opted … Continue reading
Flounder Stuffed with Kale
We are enjoying fresh, local wild flounder on the East End of Long Island now, so I thought I'd take advantage of it while I can. Usually, I'd opt for a quick-cooking pan-fry for thin filets like these. But a … Continue reading
Dinner for One–Golden Filet of Sole
Something about fresh fish and crispy potatoes always takes me back to Rome, since this is the meal I eat most often when I'm there. This elegant dinner can be assembled for one (or two) persons in about 45 minutes … Continue reading
Posted in Dinner for One, Seafood, Vegetables 2 Comments


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James Middleton
|James Middleton
|Executive Producer
|IMDb profile
James Middleton is a television and film producer. He serves as executive producer for Heroes Reborn, as well as an executive producer of the webisode series Dark Matters.
Middleton has mainly worked as producer for the Terminator franchise, including Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles, Terminator Salvation and Termanator Salvation: The Machinima Series. He also worked as associate producer in Basic Instict 2.
|Reborn Producers
Peter Elkoff • Holly Harold • Tim Kring • James Middleton
|Webisodes Producers
Jesse Alexander • Allan Arkush • Adam Armus • Peter Barnett • Jim Chory • Gunnar Clancey • Chad Cooperman • Kay Foster • Dennis Hammer • Chris Hanada • Tanner Kling • Tim Kring • David Lang • Gregory Manago • James Middleton • John O'Hara • Joe Tolerico • Carri Wagner
See Also: Series Crew • Reborn Directors • Reborn Writers • Other Reborn Crew • Graphic Novel Crew • Webisodes Assistants • Webisodes Assistants Directors • Webisodes Directors • Webisodes Hair and Makeup • Webisodes Sound • Webisodes Writers • Other Webisodes Crew • Evolutions Crew • Countdown Crew • Cast


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Escada Sport
Cotton Blend Floral Cardigan
Prices excl. VAT
Ready to ship today,
Delivery time appr. 1-3 workdays
Order number: 5031973_P911_L
Printed with tropical flowers and leaves, this cardigan gives your wardrobe a spring boost. A soft and light cotton-blend layer, delicately trimmed with accent piping along the placket and cuffs.
- Cotton blend knit
- Round neckline
- Long sleeves
- Piping trim at placket and cuffs
- Center back length 58cm (size 36)
- Material: 53% viscose 47% cotton
Team this cardigan with equally bold colors, or tone down the look with pastel pink jeans.
Hand wash only
Do not bleach
Do not tumble dry
Iron low heat
Reduced dryclean P
Flat drying in the shade
Gentle wet cleaning
Delivery is currently possible in the following countries: Belgium, Germany, Estonia, Finland, France, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Hungary. Other countries are currently in the working.
If you are in another country and want to purchase ESCADA products, please use the Store-Finder to find the nearest store.
If you are in another country and want to purchase ESCADA products, please use the Store-Finder to find the nearest store.


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TruGolf Vista 12 S-Series Golf Simulator
Product Details
Why We Love This
Hit the links and improve your golf game without ever leaving your house. The TruGolf unit features simulation software, driving range games, club fitting software and a complete practice suite.
About this item
- 165" diagonal projection screen features realistic 16:10 widescreen display
- Gain access to up to 96 real world golf courses
- Professional training aids, immersive multiplayer golf games, peer-to-peer play
- Unit is easily set up and taken down, with no tools required for installation
- Includes 2 Year Subscription to the E6 Connect Expanded Subscription ($1,200 value), a replacement screen and hitting surface($790 Value), and Free Shipping
Imagine a world where the golf course is never more than a few steps away, where tee time is any time and you never have to let someone play through. That fantasy is now a reality thanks to the Vista 12 S-Series portable golf simulator from TruGolf. What was once a luxury available only to PGA Tour pros and exclusive country clubs is now a possibility for your home, business or event.
Incredible Simulation Technology
Thanks to TruGolf's decades of experience in the golf simulation software and hardware business, you can now own the equivalent of nearly two thousand holes of golf in your own home. The Vista Series comes complete with cutting-edge hardware and software for a complete golf simulation experience, tee-to-green. It offers technology you won't find with any competitor. The revolutionary new tension system results in an impact screen that is held firmly in place for a clear, crisp image.
Data and Analysis
The matte-box design blocks ambient light and gives the Vista Series the same image quality as high-end golf simulation units, but for a much lower price. Although it may look permanent, the Vista 12 S-Series is actually portable! The lightweight aluminum frame makes this TruGolf's most portable unit, ever.
The brains of the Vista 12 S-Series is the TruTrack2 system. TruTrack2 uses three rows of optical sensors that measure your Club Path, Club Face Angle, and Club Head Speed at the point of impact. Ball Data is captured using a patented sonic triangulation system, working in real time with the TruTrack2. This dual tracking technology captures every shot for the most complete simulation experience, tee-to-green.
Club and Ball data are presented in a clear, easily understood Swing Analysis screen after every shot.
Practice like the Pros
The TruTrack2 is built using a real-feel golf mat. This mat lets you swing down and through, giving you the most realistic practice possible. This mat helps players improve their ball striking by providing real feedback on club-turf interaction.
Sam's Club Member Value
As a Sam's Club Member you'll enjoy a complimentary 2 Year Subscription to the E6 Connect Expanded Subscription ($1,200 value), a replacement screen and hitting surface($790 Value), and Free Shipping.
Policies & plans
- Requires 15'W x 20'D x 10'H available space
- Item dimensions: 12' W x 14.9' D x 8.8' H
- 165" diagonal projection screen features realistic 16:10 widescreen display
- Drive, chip, put–play golf just as you would in real life
- Includes 720p HD projector, 21" touchscreen, and fully functional Windows PC
- TruTrack2 proprietary tracking system pinpoints club direction, club angle, club speed, ball speed, ball rotation and screen impact to accurately calculate golf ball trajectory in real time
- Premium fairway turf simulates the real density and texture of a golf course, allowing the most consistent simulation possible
- Expanded 2-year subscription to E6 Connect
- E6 Connect includes access to up to 96 real world courses, plus games and new content
- Combination of infrared sensors and proprietary sound measuring technology enable accurate simulation of ball carry, landing, roll and interaction with course features
- Software enables user to alter time of day, weather conditions, course conditions and more to simulate real world scenarios
- Instant feedback after each shot provides actionable insights and recommendations to user which can lead to a noticeable improvement over time
- Every TruGolf unit is sold with simulation software, driving range games, club fitting software and a complete practice suite that includes driving range, pitching, chipping and putting range
- For additional questions regarding this product, please contact the Manufacturer at 1.385.988.0324


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|Shipping Weight
|2750.00 g
The Savotta Jaakari M (aka Jääkäri-Backpack) is an updated modern daypack, that's versatile and expandable enough to carry even a few days worth of supplies and gear comfortably. With MOLLE compatibility, a hydration pocket, and a long side entry zipper, this pack easily fits into whatever tasks you have in mind.
Although not a large pack, the cinch top, fitted lid cover and multi directional straps make compression and overpacking options available at all times. Both sides have padded pockets for securing tools or gear. Padded suspension, a thick lumbar pad and a removable internal plastic frame that have been serving Finnish long range patrol units reliably for decades, make this pack comfortable under any load, whether for daily urban use, extended hikes, or weekend trips.
Technical specifications
- External dimensions: height 52 cm, width 25 cm, depth 17 cm.
- Backpack capacity is approximately 30 l, Bag capacity when the backpack is closed: approximately 22 l.
- Overpacking capacity with protective pouch: approx. +6 l.
- Capacity of the flap pocket for valuables: approx. 2 l.
- Weight: approximately 1.75 kg.
- Materials: Delrin special plastic buckles and 8 mm coil zippers, Olive green: 1000D Cordura, Black: 1000D Codura, M05: 1000D Foxdura
- Frame: Ethylene plastic sheet.
Made in Finland with a 5 year warranty.
Related Products
|Jaakari L (Rajajääkäri)
|Savotta Backpack/Rucksack Rain Cover
|Jaakari S (Mini Jääkäri Daypack)
Jaakari M (Jääkäri-Backpack) Reviews
Think ya got a fan for life
I have used it in the bush and as a pack for biking to work.
The molle webbing gives tons of options for other for pouches or strapping bulky items to the bag.
One improvement I would like to see is an adjustable torso length.
4.5 stars overall.
Over all I'm happy with the purchase and confident that this pack will last me a long time.
As usual Canadian Outdoor equipment was quick with delivery.


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Motivation in security teams
This project was funded by the UK Government's Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure and was delivered in collaboration with Booz & Co. The concept was to provide a scientifically valid measure of motivation to for application in a security context.
Project aims
Provide a validated managed tool to enable senior executives to implement appropriate management practice in the national infrastructure.
Motivation for Security Staff
- CPNI concerned with security of critical national assets such as nuclear power plants, Palace of Westminster, Thames Barrier etc
- The human element is the key to security
- Work is repetitive and often at the low end of pay scales
- How to motivate staff when they may never detect the threat they are employed to prevent
- Validated tool for measurement of motivation
- Application of the tool online and paper
- Outputs show key areas for management focus and implementation plans
- Tool available to all critical national infrastructure via CPNI website
Dr. Pat Tissington (firstname.lastname@example.com)


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I forgot to save before fighting Suicine in my SoulSilver game, and I accidentally fainted it. I couldn't restart my DS because I had done a lot without saving, and I found out Suicine was supposed to reappear in the Burned Tower. I had already defeated the Elite Four so I went there but it wasn't there. Do I have to defeat the Elite Four again, or does Suicine only reappear in the Burned Tower if I hadn't beaten the Elite Four when I first fought it?
You can't find Suicune now. Unless if you reset your game or turn it off before saving, you can't get Suicune. I would just reset or turn off even if you hadn't saved.
Source: Experience
Wait don't reset the game or get all down just yet. Not many know this but after Pokemon Platinum you can in fact re-battle legendarys if you defeat the Elite Four again. I've tried it lots of time and sometimes by accident. Soulsilver is no different.
Source (Look under Legendarys): http://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Rebattle
If you accidentally kill suicune (which you did) beat all of the gyms and then the elite 4 in which it will reappear at level 40. Hope I helped!
You can only battle suicune twice. If you didn't see suicune the second time, reset the game and if that doesnt work you can either get it in a trade or restart the whole game over.


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Tiberian Growdome System
Vine Cacti Cytology
Chromosomes in the Cactaceae have a base number of n = 11 (Gibson and Nobel 1986). Cultivated Hylocereus species (H. costaricensis, H. polyrhizus, and H. undatus) and most investigated Selenicereus species are diploids (2n = 22), although the highly cultivated S. megalanthus (syn. Mediocactus megalanthus or M. coccineus; Moran 1953; Infante 1992; Weiss et al. 1995) is tetraploid (2n = 44; Beard 1937; Spencer 1955; Lichtenzveig et al. 2000). Selenicereus megalanthus has morphological features of both Hylocereus and other Selenicereus species (Britton and Rose 1963) and is cross-compatible with several Hylocereus spp., suggesting that S. megalanthus originated from an intergeneric hybridization between species of Hylocereus and Selenicereus (Lichtenzveig et al. 2000).
No major barriers seem to limit interspecific crossing among Hylocereus spp. Fruits obtained by such crossings are large, and the majority of the seeds germinate (Weiss et al. 1994b). Their hybrids show a normal meiosis, with 11 bivalents at metaphase I, and produce pollen of high viability and seeds with high germination rates (Lichtenzveig et al. 2000). Pollen viability for S. megalanthus is significantly lower than that for Hylocereus spp. and is associated with the pairing of multivalents and consequently the occurrence of univalents at metaphase I, which leads to pollen or ovules with chromosomal disorders (Lichtenzveig et al. 2000). Selenicereus megalanthus crossed with Hylocereus hybrids are triploids, aneuploids, or polyploids with different chromosome numbers (N. Tel-Zur, S. Abbo, and Y. Mizrahi, unpublished observations). The ability to produce hybrids by interspecific and intergeneric crosses is utilized in Israel for breeding cultivars with desired fruit characteristics (such as improved taste) or greater environmental flexibility. Modern molecular techniques (Chapter 15) may elucidate the genetic relationship among vine cacti underlying such features. An effective procedure has been developed for DNA extraction from Hylocereus and Selenicereus (Tel-Zur et al. 1999).
Studies of breeding systems conducted in Israel (Weiss et al. 1994a; Nerd and Mizrahi 1997; Lichtenzveig 2000) show that Hylocereus spp. are self or partially incompatible, and foreign pollen (pollen of other Hylocereus spp.) is required for fruit set. Selenicereus megalanthus is self-compatible, as fruit can set with its own pollen. However, in certain clones larger fruit are obtained using pollen of other S. megalanthus clones, indicating partial self-incompatibility (Lichtenzveig et al. 2000). Climate conditions can also affect compatibility; at the end of the warm Israeli summer, high temperatures decrease H. undatus fruit set with self pollen. Natural pollinators of vine cacti seem to be bats and hawkmoths (Nerd and Mizrahi 1997). In orchards of vine cacti planted in the tropics, pollination is achieved without human intervention. In Israel, pollination is done by hand due to a lack of pollen vectors (Weiss et al. 1994a). Pollen preservation (Metz et al. 2000) allows for cross-pollination for times when there is no synchronization between the flowering of different Hylocereus crops.
Vine cacti are native to tropical regions of North and South America, using their triangular slender stems, equipped with adventitious roots, to spread on trees. They are successfully cultivated outdoors in cloudy tropical regions (Central America and the Far East); e.g., H. undatus grows successfully in southern Vietnam and Taiwan without any shading (Fig. 11.1A). However, in Israel, where solar radiation is high (noon photosynthetic flux densities can reach 2,200 pmol m-2 s-1 in the summer), plants exposed to full sunlight can bleach, degenerate, and produce low quality fruit with poor color and low sugar concentrations (Raveh et al. 1997, 1998; Mizrahi et al. 1997; Mizrahi and Nerd 1999). Hence, plants are maintained under shade nets (Fig. 11.1B). Certain species, such as H. costaricensis and H. polyrhizus, have a higher light tolerance, probably due to their waxy thick skin that reduces the transmittance of light to the inner tissues of the stem. Orchards for such species in Israel are established in net houses with shading ranging from 20 to 60%—the higher shading being used in warmer regions (Mizrahi and Nerd 1999). The intensity of solar radiation changes during the daytime and depends on season, so control of light should be considered. Plants of Hylocereus spp. exposed to full sunlight in the spring have early blooming and early seasonal fruit production.
Vine cacti are sensitive to chilling temperatures and the stems bleach when night temperatures decline below about 5°C. Severe injuries appear when air temperatures approach zero; round yellow lesions develop along the stems and stem segments die. Subfreezing temperatures (-3°C) kill most of the collected germplasm in Beer-Sheva, Israel (Mizrahi and Nerd 1999). Observations in Beer-Sheva show significant differences among species in cold tolerance, as frost events totally damage Hylocereus sp. #10487 (unidentified species cultivated in Israel) and Selenicereus megalanthus, moderately damage H. undatus, and slightly damage H. costaricensis and H. polyrhizus. Plants recover easily when temperatures rise, but yields are reduced. In areas with cold temperatures, plastic coverings or glasshouses are recommended (Mizrahi and Nerd 1999).
In Israel water and fertilizer are commonly applied by drip irrigation almost year-round, except in the rainy periods (Nerd and Mizrahi 1998; Nerd et al. 1999). Vegetative growth and fruit production in the hot internal valleys (Jordan and Arava) occur later than in the more moderate coastal region. A well-developed canopy (1.8 m high in rows that are 2.5 m apart) is obtained for H. undatus at the 3rd year in the coast region, whereas 5 to 6 years is required in the valleys; annual fruit yield of the full canopy orchard is 32 to 40 tons ha-1 at the coast versus 2 to 3 tons ha-1 in the warmer and drier valleys. Because the rates of fruit-set and the average fruit weight are similar for the valleys and the coast, the small number of flowers produced in the valleys is likely the predominate factor in the low yields. The high summer temperatures (monthly maximum/minimum air temperatures are 38/25^, 7 to i0°C higher than those at the coast) or the saline irrigation water in some locations (electrical conductivity of soil water = 3-4 de-cisiemens m-1 at Arava versus i dS m-1 near the coast) probably inhibits flower induction. High summer temperatures in the valleys cause daily net CO2 uptake to be small or negative for vine cacti (Raveh et al. 1995), so deficiency of photosynthate can also explain the slow growth rate and low fruiting in the valleys.
In response to high air temperatures (43-46^) that occur during warm summers in Israel, stems can turn brown and become liquefied (Fig. 11.1B). Hylocereus undatus is the most sensitive of the cultivated vine cacti; in the summer of 1998 in the Arava Valley, about 50% of its total stem length was damaged versus less than i0% for H. costaricensis and H. polyrhizus, and none for S. megalanthus. Similar results occur for a germplasm collection that is located in a greenhouse in Beer-Sheva under unusual extreme summer temperatures (Mizrahi and Nerd 1999). Shade reduces the heat damage.
Fruit Properties
Fruits of vine cacti are medium-sized to large berries with a thin, colored peel and white or colored, juicy pulp (Table 11.1) containing numerous small, soft, digestible seeds. The peels of Hylocereus spp. have scales that contribute to the attractive appearance of the fruits, which also are used decoratively. For Selenicereus megalanthus, the peel is covered with spiny tubercules, but the spines are readily shed upon ripening. Fruits of Hylocereus crops are usually large (up to 1,000 g), two- to threefold heavier than those of S. megalanthus.
Studies in Israel (Weiss et al. 1994b; Nerd and Mizrahi 1998, 1999; Nerd et al. 1999) show that fruit growth for H. costaricensis, H. polyrhizus, H. undatus, and S. megalanthus follows a sigmoid pattern, with a low or negligible growth rate during the last phase when ripening occurs. A change in peel color (color-break) indicates the beginning of the last phase. For H. polyrhizus, which has a red-violet pulp, the accumulation of pulp pigments occurs in parallel with the development of peel color. During the last phase, pulp content (as a percentage of fruit fresh weight) increases markedly (from 20-30% at the beginning to 60-80% at the end of the phase), pulp titratable acidity declines, and pulp contents of soluble sugars and soluble solids increase (reaching maximal levels of 7-9% and 14-18%, respectively, of the fresh weight at full color). Degradation of starch, which increases in the pulp prior to ripening, accounts partially for the accumulation of soluble sugars. For H. undatus, amylase and invertase activity is correlated with the increase in pulp soluble sugars (mainly fructose and glucose), which reach their highest concentrations at the center of the pulp (Wu and Chen 1997). The fruits are classified as nonclimacteric, reflecting the low production rates of CO2 and ethylene during ripening (Nerd and Mizrahi 1998; Nerd et al. 1999).
Palatability tests on fruits picked at different ripening stages (determined according to the number of days after anthesis or the appearance of peel color) indicate that fruits are most palatable at advanced ripening stages or at full color. Similar to many other fleshy fruits, growers tend to harvest the fruits of vine cacti prior to full ripeness when the peel is still mostly green in order to prolong the marketing life of the fruit (Barbeaue 1990; Cacioppo 1990). However, ripening of such fruits is not as good compared with those left to ripen on the vine. For example, fruits of S. megalanthus picked at color-break and held at 10 to 20°C attain the physical appearance of fruits ripened on the plant and their acidity decreases, but the soluble sugars remain low and the flavor is poor (Nerd and Mizrahi
1999). Hence, the optimum stage for harvesting fruits of vine cacti for high consumption quality under usual storage conditions should be at close to full ripeness, as evidenced by almost full or full color development.
The shelf life of fruits of Hylocereus species is about 7 to 10 days at room temperature (about 20°C; Nerd et al. 1999). Shelf life is limited by senescence symptoms, such as a sharp decline in acidity and sugars, scale yellowing and shriveling, and fruit softening. Fruits can be stored for 14 days at 10 to i2°C and longer under lower temperatures (4-6°C), but upon transfer to room temperature they tend to develop chilling injury symptoms, such as peel browning and decay. Similarly, fruits of S. megalanthus are sensitive to chilling temperatures, but the storage life (at 10-i2°C) is at least twice as long as for Hylocereus fruits (Nerd and Mizrahi 1999).
Vine cacti produce several floral flushes during the flowering season, and predicting the harvest time is important for orchard management and fruit marketing (Mizrahi and Nerd 1999). Little is known about the effect of plant and environmental factors on the duration of fruit growth for vine cacti, but temperature appears to be a dominant factor. In Israel Hylocereus spp. produces three or four flushes during the warm season (June-October); 30 to 35 days elapse from anthesis to full fruit color when daily temperatures average 25°C, but 40 to 45 days are required when daily temperatures average 20°C (Nerd et al. 1999). Flowering of S. megalanthus in Israel occurs mainly in the autumn, when air temperatures decrease and the duration of fruit development is much longer than for Hylocereus spp. The increased development time is due to the lower temperatures during fruit growth and the lower inherent growth rate for the fruit of S. megalanthus (Nerd and Mizrahi 1998). The time from anthesis to full ripening for S. megalanthus varies from 120 days (average daily temperatures of 25°C) to 180 days (20°C). The positive correlation between air temperature and fruit growth enables the development of a heat-unit model to predict the period from anthesis to maturity for S. megalanthus (Nerd and Mizrahi i998).
Columnar cacti are much less cultivated for fruit than are vine cacti, and little is known about their environmental flexibility (Mizrahi et al. 1997). Among them, Stenocereus spp. are the most cultivated. They are planted in Mexico in or near their natural habitats, which have a semitropical climate with both summer (about 65%) and winter rains for a total of 400 to 800 mm annually (Pimienta-Barrios and Nobel 1994; Pimienta-Barrios et al. 1997). Monthly av erages of daily air temperatures range from 8 to i8°C at night and from 24 to 34°C during the daytime. Temperature fluctuations from the coldest to the warmest month is only 8°C at any particular site. Each species will be considered separately.
Stenocereus queretaroensis is probably the commercially most important species of the genus (Pimienta-Barrios and Nobel 1994). It is also the most investigated (Nobel and Pimienta-Barrios 1995; Pimienta-Barrios et al. 1997; Pimienta-Barrios 1999). Fruits reach the local markets from three sources: (1) wild stands, (2) wild stands enriched with cuttings of selected clones (managed in situ), and (3) cultivated selected clones established from cuttings in home gardens and small plantations (Fig. 11.2). Many commercially productive stands come from relict ones, namely those associated with archeological sites dating back as long as 2,300 years BP (Benz et al. 1997). Today's plants are offspring from ancestors selected in pre-Columbian times, with better horticultural features having evidently gone through selection by humans for many years (Benz et al. 1997).
Fruit weights of S. queretaroensis average 100 to 200 g. The pulp is very tasty, has different colors according to the clone (white, pink, orange, red of various hues, and purple), and contains soft edible small seeds. The spines are soft, abscise upon ripening, and can easily be removed by hand. The best clones are found in relict stands near arche-oligical sites, and fruit productivity per plant correlates with the canopy width, probably due to length of the branches on which the fruits are produced. Annual production of i00 fruits per plant yields about i7 tons fresh weight ha-1 year-1 from the best orchards (Benz et al. 1997). The best-known clone is 'Mamey,' whose fruit can reach the size of 165 g fresh weight. The peel is 18 to 24% of the fruit fresh weight under cultivation, which is better (lower) than for the much more common cactus pear, whose peel is about 45% of the fruit fresh weight (Pimienta-Barrios et al. 1997). The fruit shelf life is only a few days, partly because the fruits split (dehisce) and the pulp is exposed to contamination by bacteria and fungi. This very short shelf life, even for non-splitting fruit, is the main constraint on its commercialization (Pimienta-Barrios et al. 1997). In spite of this shortcoming, workers involved with this fruit earn the same to three times as much as other wage earners in the region (Benz et al. 1997). Another important factor that limits the domestication of S. queretaroensis is its relatively low growth rate. Ten years are required for an orchard to obtain large enough fruit production to reach
profitability. On the other hand, 100 years of production are expected from this plant, reaching its peak at 40 years of age (Pimienta-Barrios et al. 1997). This pitaya does not respond to traditional management, such as irrigation and fertilization, possibly due to symbiotic association with mycorrhizae or genetic inflexibility (Pimienta-Barrios and Nobel 1995; Pimienta-Barrios et al. 1997).
Stenocereus queretaroensis in Mexico flowers in February and March, the beginning of the dry season. Fruits ripen mainly in May and are harvested at the ripe stage. The soluble sugars comprise 10 to 11% of the fruit fresh weight for various cultivars (Pimienta-Barrios et al. 1994, 1997). The fruits are sour (pH 4.5-5.0), with the acid content ranging between 0.15 to 0.5% of the fruit fresh weight. Fruits of S. queretaroensis have to be sold immediately because of a very short storage and shelf life, as they readily split open (Pimienta-Barrios and Nobel i994; Pimienta-Barrios et al. i997); this, as already indicated, is the main restricting factor in the commercialization of this species.
Stenocereus stellatus is the commercially second most important columnar cactus in Mexico. Known locally as "xoconochtli," archeological evidence shows that it was consumed by humans as long as 7,000 years BP (Chapter
9). Today S. stellatus has the same three major sources of fruits as for S. queretaroensis (Casas et al. 1997, i999a,b). It is grown in semitropical areas with average annual temperatures of 17 to 24°C and annual rainfall of 440 to 760 mm. Fruit weight is less than that of S. queretaroensis, ranging from 20 to 80 g; the number of fruits per plant varies from 12 to 187. The maximum density of plants in home gardens is 780 ha-1, and the highest yield is 3.3 tons ha-1 year-1. Fruits vary in skin color—some are green (preferred in home gardens) and most are red. Pulp color is red in wild ones, whereas under cultivation pink, purple, yellow, orange, and white pulp can also be found. In the wild the taste is usually sour, whereas cultivated fruits are sweet and sometimes insipid. Some fruits are very spiny, but others have few spines. Upon ripening, spines can be easily removed. Locals prefer the less spiny, larger sweet fruits with a green peel and white flesh (Casas et al. 1997, 1999a). Plantations established from cuttings (about i m in length) bear abundant fruits during the fourth year, although some fruits may be obtained one year after planting but are followed by no fruits in the second year (Casas et al. 1997). In the Negev Desert of Israel, even under fertigation (irrigation with water plus specific nutrients), S. stellatus produces low amounts of small fruits with no promise of being a commercial orchard crop (Nerd et al. 1993). As for many other columnar cacti, this species flowers nocturnally with self-incompatibility. Also, some genotypes cannot pollinate each other, suggesting that S genes are active (Casas et al. 1999b).
Stenocereus griseus is of a more tropical nature than the other cultivated Stenocereus species (Silvius 1995). Its common name, Pitaya de Mayo, means ripening in May (Mizrahi et al. 1997). The fruit is relatively large (100-200 g) and of good quality, similar to other Stenocereus spp. In Venezuela there are two ripening seasons, May-early June and late August-early September, corresponding to the rainy seasons (Silvius i995). In Israel when regularly ferti-gated (Nerd et al. 1993), flowers appear in late April to May and again in July and in October. Fruits occur in late May (hot valleys) and June to August, but no fruits occur from the October flowering, possibly because temperatures at this time will not support fruit growth. It is sensitive to sub-freezing temperatures and has a poor tolerance to salinity (Nerd et al. 1993). Stenocereus griseus is harvested and marketed only in Mexico (Pimienta-Barrios and Nobel 1994).
Cereus peruvianus has only recently been domesticated and its origin is obscure, although possibly it comes from Brazil (Mizrahi and Nerd 1999). Cereus jamacaru from north eastern Brazil and C. uruguayanus from Argentina are closely related species or even the same one (Taylor and Zappi 1992; R. Kiesling, personal communication). The species is common in gardens in tropical and subtropical countries and has been planted commercially on a small scale in Israel. In comparison to various Stenocereus spp. examined in Israel, C. peruvianus has significantly higher growth and precocious yielding (Nerd et al. 1993). The common commercial trade name given by the Israeli export company AGREXCO is 'Koubu' to distinguish between the fruit of this species and other pitayas (Mizrahi and Nerd 1999).
Growth and fruiting of C. peruvianus in Israel are significantly higher near the coast than in the internal warm valleys or the cold Negev Highlands, where frost (air temperatures decline to -7°C) damages the plants (Nerd et al. 1993). The species is sensitive to salinity (electrical conductivity of the irrigation water of 4 dS m-1), particularly when Na and Cl are the predominating ions (Nerd et al. 1993). Israel uses C. peruvianus as a fruit crop, but in South Africa it is considered a weed (Moran and Zimmerman 1991). In Brazil it is used for its valuable gum and polysaccharides (Alvarez et al. 1992, 1995), and various vegetative micropropagation techniques have been developed (Deoliveira et al. 1995; Machado and Prioli 1996). Cereus peruvianus is self-incompatible and requires cross-pollination to obtain fruits (Weiss et al. 1994a; Silva and Sazima 1995; Nerd and Mizrahi 1997). In spite of its nocturnal flower opening, daytime-active honey bees can act as pollinators using the few hours the flowers are open in the late evening or early morning (Weiss et al. 1994a; Nerd and Mizrahi 1997; Mizrahi and Nerd 1999). However, when large plants produce hundreds of flowers in a wave in Israel, honey bees fail to cross pollinate the flowers efficiently; hand pollination is then needed to obtain high fruit set and large fruits.
Cereus peruvianus during the warm season in Israel produces several flower flushes. Fruit development differs significantly from that of vine cacti, exhibiting a double sigmoid growth curve with an early and a late rapid growth phase and a slow intermediate growth phase (Weiss et al. 1994a; Wang 1997). Color-break designates the beginning of the last phase, and fruits are fully colored at the end of this phase. During the last phase, pulp fresh weight increases significantly, whereas peel fresh weight remains almost constant; for fully developed fruits, the pulp comprises 70 to 80 % of the fruit fresh weight versus 15 to 20% for young fruits. Ripening occurs during the last phase; firmness and acidity decrease and soluble sugars and total soluble solids increase (to 8-10% and 12-13% of pulp fresh
weight, respectively) at full color (Wang 1997). Similar to vine cacti, the optimum harvest stage is when the fruits are close to or at full ripeness. Fruits of C. peruvianus tend to crack during ripening and in certain genotypes black areas appear on the peel when fruits mature or are touched during harvest. The tendency for both disorders is genetically inherited and can be overcome by clonal selection. For C. peruvianus in Israel, about 40 days elapse from anthesis to full color when daily temperatures average 28°C versus 42 to 47 days when temperatures average 24°C (Wang 1997). Fruits of C. peruvianus are similar to those of S. megalanthus with regard to storage and shelf life.
Vine and Columnar Cacti as World Fruit Crops Hylocereus
The most widely cultivated vine cactus is the red pitahaya, Hylocereus undatus (red peel, white pulp; Fig. 11.3). Its utilization as a major commercial fruit crop has its origins in Vietnam (V. Van Vu, personal communication). The plant was introduced to Indochina by the French around i860, where it is now considered to be a native plant. Orchards in Vietnam are established from selected clones, and the estimated cultivated area in southern Vietnam is 6,000 ha. The fruits produced ("dragon fruit," or thang loy in Vietnamese) are common in local markets and are also exported to Asian and European countries. Hylocereus undatus is now spreading in many Asian countries, such as Thailand, Laos, Indonesia, Cambodia, Taiwan, and recently Japan (Okinawa), using clones from Vietnam. Horticultural research in Taiwan indicates a strong local interest in the fruit (Feng-Ru and Chung-Ruey i997a,b). Other vine pitahayas, such as H. costaricensis and S. mega-lanthus, were also introduced to Taiwan and are used for both cultivation and breeding. In addition to the fruit, fresh and dry flowers are also consumed in Taiwan as a vegetable. The development of the H. undatus industry is also very intensive in Mexico (Ortiz 1999; Canto 2000), and the estimated present planted area there is about 2,000 ha, half of it in the Yucatan peninsula where it can be found in the wild and has been utilized from pre-Columbian times. Most of the crop in Mexico is sold in local markets.
Figure 11.4. Increase in plantation area and fruit yields of vine cacti in Israel during the 1990s.
Figure 11.4. Increase in plantation area and fruit yields of vine cacti in Israel during the 1990s.
In Israel the cultivation of H. undatus is expanding rapidly, reaching nearly 20 ha in 2000. Export to Europe started in 1996 with 10 tons and in 1999 was about 130 tons (Fig. 11.4). Under the dry climate of Israel, fruit quality is high and most of the harvested crop is marketable. The main difficulties for export are the short storage life of the fruit and the non-stable fruit supply; flowering and harvests occur in waves (Mizrahi and Nerd 1999). Also other countries, such as Australia, New Zealand, the United States (Florida and California), Spain, and the Philippines, are developing the cultivation of H. undatus.
Hylocereus costaricensis (red peel, red pulp) is cultivated mainly in Nicaragua, established from clones selected from the wild. The fruits ripen during the rainy season and most of the yield is heavily infested with insects, bacteria, and fungi so that only a small fraction of harvested fruit can be sold as fresh fruit. Export is mainly to Europe under the brand name 'Pitanica.' Today most of the cultivated 6,000 ha are aimed at pulp production, highly demanded by the food industry in the United States and Europe as a natural food ingredient and a colorant (Ortiz 1999; Canto 2000). Guatemala is also producing significant quantities of this fruit, with several other types of red peel/red pulp vine pitahayas. Fruits of Hylocereus polyrhizus have a red peel, as for H. costaricensis, but have a red-violet pulp. The crop is planted in Israel as a pollinator for H. undatus. Usually red vine pitahaya orchards consist of 20% H. polyrhizus and 80% H. undatus. Because of the sour taste, fruit H. polyrhizus appeals to some consumers more than that of H. undatus. Selected hybrids produced by inter- or intra-specific crossings are also cultivated, usually on a local basis and on a small scale (Mizrahi and Nerd 1999; Ortiz 1999; Canto 2000).
The fruit of Selenicereus megalanthus (yellow peel, white pulp), often known as "yellow pitaya" but also as pitahaya, is the most tasty vine cactus fruit (Mizrahi et al. 1997; Mizrahi and Nerd 1999). The first country to grow this species for export was Colombia at the request of a Japanese businessman, who appreciated the fruit. Significant planting started in Colombia in 1986 and export to Japan started in 1989 but soon ceased due to pests (eggs and larvae of insects) found where the corolla connects to the fruit. Fruit was then exported to Europe, which is not as concerned with tropical pests and has become the most important export market for yellow pitaya (also now shipped from Ecuador via Colombia). Planted areas in Colombia reached 4,000 ha in 1990 but later were reduced to 250 ha as result of disease problems, such as fusarium (which attacks the plant) and especially Drechslera cactivora (which infects the base of the pre-mature fruit and induces yellowing; Valera et al. 1995; Bibliowicz and Hernandez 1998). Accessions introduced into Israel from Colombia, although similar in morphology, vary in fruit characteristics and growth behavior, indicating different genotypes (growers in Colombia do not keep track of the origin of the material used for planting). This has been confirmed by DNA finger-printing analysis developed for vine cacti (Tel-Zur et al. 1999). Fruit of S. megalanthus obtains prime prices in Europe, higher than any other cactus fruit, due to its delicious taste (Ortiz 1999; Canto 2000; J. Rosenbaum, personal communication). Other yellow-peel vine cacti are available—some clones of Hylocereus undatus from Mexico and H. costaricensis from Nicaragua—whose qualities are similar to that of the common red-peel clones of these species. The present sources of fruit of S. megalanthus shipped to Europe are Colombia, Ecuador, and Israel.
Stenocereus spp. are cultivated only in Mexico. The fruits are tasty, resembling those of figs. Usually they are collected and sold in close proximity to where they are harvested and their price is relatively low (Benz et al. 1997). When they reach Mexico City, their price can be as high as U.S. $6 per kilogram. In the 1990s, efforts were directed to converting them into sustainable fruit crops (Pimienta-Barrios and Nobel 1994; Casas et al. 1997, i999a,b; Pimienta-Barrios et al. 1997). The total cultivated area for Stenocereus spp. in Mexico exceeds 2,000 ha. The main limiting factors are the short storage and shelf life, in large measure because
of the tendency of the fruit to split during ripening. Cereus peruvianus is under domestication in Israel (Fig. 11.5) and is sold in Europe. The fruit lacks spines, has much longer storage and shelf life than that of Stenocereus, and is similar to that of S. megalanthus. As an index of the acceptability of such new cactus fruits, C. peruvianus was marketed for the first time in 1998 and was accepted very well in both local and European markets, due to its beautiful appearance, delicate sour-sweet taste, and unique aroma. Among eight clones released for cultivation in Israel, only two have proved to be promising for further planting. Unlike the others, their fruits do not tend to split upon ripening or to develop black spots under storage; similar efforts to develop the cultivation of C. peruvianus exist in California and Texas.
Pitahayas and pitayas, unlike many other new crops, are appealing to consumers unfamiliar with the fruit because of their delicate texture and taste and their unusual and attractive appearance. Slow growth and development of the plants, low fruit yields, and especially the very short shelf life of the fruit (about 2 days) limit wide cultivation of Stenocereus species; commercial plantings occur in their area of distribution, and fruits are mainly marketed locally by growers and by people collecting fruits from wild plants. However, pitahayas and Cereus peruvianus are promising new worldwide crops. They have precocious and high yields and a longer fruit shelf life, which enables marketing of the fruit over long distances. Indeed, their cultivation is rapidly spreading around the world, and their fruits are available in supermarkets and specialty shops.
Pitahayas and pitayas increase the diversity of cultivated fruit crops, which may be used either for sustainable agriculture systems (e.g., Stenocereus queretaroensis; Fig. 11.2) or for the intensive fruit industry (e.g., Hylocereus un-datus; Fig. 11.1). These cacti can compete successfully in profitability with common fruit crops. Because of the high water-use efficiency of Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) (Nobel 1994), the low water demand of pitahayas and pitayas represents a significant advantage in arid and semiarid regions not only because of the direct water savings but also because the environmental damage caused by heavily irrigated common crops is avoided. Pitahayas can also be used as sources for new products, such as colorants and polysaccharides for the food industry or their edible flowers.
The recent expansion of fruit crops from vine and columnar cacti has been based mostly on wild plants from southern North America (Mexico), central America, and northern South America (Colombia), where these fruits are traditionally used by local people. The plants are found mainly in home gardens or on marginal lands. Thus, professional breeding of improved cultivars should be an important objective, because most of the available material is a result of superficial selection based on a few visible traits.
Definition of the available plant material by taxonomic, molecular, and genetic studies is essential for these breeding efforts. Intergeneric and interspecific crosses are easily achieved among vine cacti, so growers can utilize hybrids as well as unidentified material as future cultivars. However, the appearance of diverse types of fruits in the markets can lead to confusion and marketing problems. The lack of distinct common names for existing crops (Table 11.1) already causes confusion for marketing.
Much research is required in order for pitahayas and pitayas to be established successfully as world crops. Horticultural treatments as well as orchard management practices have to be developed. Improved postharvest treatment is important. Pitahayas growing in structures are convenient candidates to be fed with CO2; stomata open for CAM plants during the night when CO2 enrichment can be done without overheating problems. The dramatic development of pitahayas and pitayas as fruit crops supports the recent trends to develop ethnic fruits as new crops and to utilize the underexploited cactus family as a source of new crops. Unlike some other new crops, a large gap exists between research and the commercialization of pitahayas and pitayas—a gap that must be filled for successful cultivation.
Alvarez, M., S. C. Costa, H. Utumi, A. Huber, R. Ber, and J. D. Fontana. 1992. The anionic glycan from the cactus Cereus peruvianus—structural features and potential uses. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 34: 283295.
Alvarez, M., S. C. Costa, A. Huber, M. Baron, and J. D. Fontana. 1995. The cuticle of the cactus Cereus peru-vianus as a source of a homo-alpha-D-galacturonan. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 51: 367-377.
Barbeau, G. 1990. La pitahaya rouge, un nouveau fruit exotique. Fruits 45: 141-147.
Beard, C. E. 1937. Some chromosome complements on the Cactaceae and a study of meiosis in Echinocereus pa-pillosus. Botanical Gazette 99: 1—21. Benz, B. F., F. M. Santana, J. E. Cevallos, E. M. Munoz, J. A. Rosales, and M. A. Rosales. 1997. The structure and productivity of relict stands of pitaya (Stenocereus queretaroensis; Cactaceae), Jalisco, Mexico. Economic Botany 51: 134-143.
Bibliowicz, A., and S. M. Hernandez. 1998. Organismos Fungosos Presentes en las Estructuras Reproductivas de la Pitaya Amarilla. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Santafé de Bogotá.
Britton, N. L., and J. N. Rose. 1963. The Cactaceae: Description and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family. Vols. I & II. Dover Publications, New York.
Cacioppo, O. G. 1990. Pitaya: una de las mejores frutas producida por Colombia. Informative Agroeconómico, Febrero: 15-19.
Canto, A. R 2000. Pitahayas. Estado Mundial de su Cultivo y Comercialización. Fundacion Yucatan Produce, Universidad Autónoma, Chapingo, Mexico.
Casas, A., B. Pickersgill, J. Caballero, and A. Valiente-Banuet. 1997. Ethnobotany and domestication in Xoconochtli, Stenocereus stellatus (Cactaceae), in the Tehuacan Valley and La Mixteca Baja, Mexico. Economic Botany 51: 279-292.
Casas, A., J. Caballero, A. Valiente-Banuet, J. A. Soriano, and P Davila. 1999a. Morphological variation and the process of domestication of Stenocereus stellatus (Cactaceae) in central Mexico. American Journal of Botany 86: 522-533.
Casas, A., A. Valiente-Banuet, A. Rojas-Martinez, and P Davila. 1999b. Reproductive biology and the process of domestication of the columnar cactus Stenocereus stellatus in central Mexico. American Journal of Botany 86:
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17.1 CrossFit Dry Needling Recovery Treatment
Hey everybody it's Doctor Blake from Doctors Adolph and Kalkstein Chiropractic. We're showing some dry needling technique for 17.1 recovery. So got a CrossFit athlete in with us and feel a little tightness push to your shoulder, filing 17.1. And had some tightness in his front of his shoulder and… Continue Reading 17.1 CrossFit Dry Needling Recovery Treatment


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USV Is Hiring Two Analysts
It's that time again. USV is hiring two analysts, each for a two year rotation.
The hiring process is similar to what we have done in the past, but the role is a bit different. We are adopting more of an apprenticeship model:
For this analyst cycle, we are changing things up a bit by transforming the program into more of an apprenticeship. What does that mean? You will work mostly with two partners at the firm, one of whom will be primarily responsible for your training. We are looking for two people. The first analyst will be working primarily with Andy, the second primarily with Albert.
The USV analyst role has been a nice launchpad for the folks who have done it:
Past analysts have gone on to join other venture firms and even start their own (Andrew, Charlie, Joel), work at USV portfolio companies (Jonathan, Eric), help launch new products (Christina, Brian) and start their own companies (Zander, Jennifer).
If you are interested in spending a couple years at USV, here is our process:
Our process starts with having candidates answer two questions by recording videos, as well as submitting two short written pieces. These will be due by end of day Thursday, February 15.
From the initial submissions we select a smaller group for telephone interviews and then a set of finalists for in-person meetings. We expect the process to be finished by the end of March and candidates should be available to start work in April or May.
Here are the questions:
Video 1: Why are you interested in the analyst role? [30 seconds]
Video 2: What is an example of an initiative you took outside of school or work? [60 seconds]
Written 1: An email asking for a meeting with the founder of a startup you admire.
Written 2: An argument for why one of the following is either overvalued or undervalued [Twitter, Snap, Bitcoin, Ethereum] [750 words max]
If this seems right up your alley, you can start your application here.


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Oppression: imposing power over others in unjust, discriminatory ways. Oppression: forcing compliance with certain societal standards, or otherwise imposing unfair treatment, judgments, and limitations. Oppression: being forced to identify as female or male. According to marriage or drivers' licenses, even on restroom doors, an individual is one sex or gender. Dean Spade's article notes that many perceive sexual minorities, such as being transgender or intersex, as disabilities or outside the norm. One might think, given this perception, that sexual minorities are few in number. However, approximately one per 1,500 infants is born intersex. (http://www.isna.org/faq/frequency) "Corrective genital surgery" is often immediately performed on intersex infants so their appearance "fits" dichotomous gender expectations. Yet, given the pervasiveness of sexual differences, believing in only two mutually exclusive sexes is a limited perspective. Being forced into a specific gender category, based on superficial appearances, can oppress the individual. One transgender person, describing the constant challenge of balancing what is felt with what others expect, said: "to be deemed real I need to want to pass as male all the time, and not feel ambivalent" (21). Unfortunately, some feel children will only fit in, or be "deemed real," if they identify with and act as one sex.
Gender is not black or white, and only allowing two options is oppression. Spade argues that sexuality is not "innate" and that it is possible to "transgress sexual and gender norms" (20). Some are oppressed when we limit individuals to two genders. I envision a future that thrives on differences rather than forced similarities and accepts individuals on any gender or sex spectrum. For now, however, I hope for a world where one can autonomously choose or refuse surgery. I hope for a world where oppressive societal norms and expectations do not drive decisions about gender identity.
Spade, Dean. "Resisting Medicine, Re/modeling Gender." Berkeley Women's Law Journal. (2003): 15-37. Web. 26 Nov. 2012.


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Wrinkles are a normal yet unsightly sign of aging, which can come about due to various reasons including too much exposure to the sun, poor diet, excessive smoking and drinking, lack of proper sleep, advent of age, loss of moisture and elasticity as well as collagen, which creates a smooth and supple look, and other such reasons. Cosmetic and plastic surgeons are now turning to a variety of methods to lessen the pronounced look of wrinkles and remove them for younger looking skin. Here are a few methods currently in use.
1. Fillers: Fillers like collagen and others including poly lactic acid, Calcium Hydroxlyapatite and Hyaluronic acid can be used to restore the elasticity of the skin even as they provide precious hydration. These injectables can be used on the face as well as the hands for a smooth and supple look.
2. Botox: To get rid of the lines on the forehead and to prevent the onset of more pronounced wrinkles, Botox or Botulinum Toxin Type A is a favoured element used by many cosmetic surgeons and dermatologists. This is usually administered via injection.
3. Retinoids: This is administered with a surgical procedure in order to remove uneven pigmentation as well as the roughness of skin, which sets in with age and excessive smoking and sun exposure. It may cause skin peeling and redness.
4. Laser: The use of laser resurfacing can also help in stimulating collagen production of the skin, which restores some of its elasticity so that wrinkles may be removed and further wrinkles prevented.
5. Surgery: The use of surgical methods like face lifts, brow lifts and other cosmetic processes can help in giving the skin a tighter look which does away with the appearance of wrinkles. These are usually minor procedures from which one will heal fast.
6. Dermabrasion: This method is a surgical one that basically sands the surface of the skin in order to remove the wrinkles. It can cause side effects like permanent discolouration of the skin as well as scarring for particularly sensitive skin.
7. Peels: Glycolic acid peels and deeper peels that use elements like Salicylic acid can be used to go deep into the skin and making it smooth again. It basically makes a difference to the fine lines. There is a chance of side effects like scarring, bruising and general discolouration in this method as well.
Adequate sleep, good nutrition, avoiding excessive sun exposure and a good skin care regimen can help in keeping wrinkles at bay for a long time. Moisturising with products that contain plenty of vitamin A and E can also help in reducing fine lines. In case you have a concern or query you can always consult an expert & get answers to your questions!