text:
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Infant seats should not be confused with infant or child safety seats (car seats). Regular infant seats simply allow young babies to sit up. They're not designed to protect a baby in a crash and should never be used to transport infants. Some child safety seats, however, can double as infant seats.
What to look for:
More children are seriously injured or killed in auto accidents than in any other type of accident. Using a child safety seat is the best protection you can give a child when traveling by car.
Never substitute any type of infant seat for a child safety seat. Only child safety seats — properly installed in the back seat — are designed to protect a child from injury during a collision.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that infants and toddlers ride in a rear-facing seat until they are 2 years old or until they have reached the maximum weight and height limits recommended by the manufacturer.
Once kids are ready to transition to a forward-facing seat, they should be harnessed in until they reach the maximum weight or height for that seat. When they have outgrown their forward-facing harnessed seat, they need to be placed in a booster seat. Kids should use a booster seat until the car's lap-and-shoulder belt fits properly, which is typically when they've reached 4 feet 9 inches in height and are between 8 and 12 years old.
For more information on proper installation of child safety seats and how to harness your child, read our article on auto safety. You also can call the Department of Transportation Auto Safety Hotline — (888) DASH-2-DOT — if you have questions.


text:
What: Turmeric is a relative of the ginger family and native to tropical South Asia. Its active component, curcumin, gives the spice its vibrant color and valued medicinal properties. Turmeric has been used for thousands of years in Ayurveda and Chinese medicine for its anti-inflammatory and antiseptic qualities, containing antioxidants which protect against cell damage and support the immune system. Turmeric has a history of effectively treating inflammatory diseases, digestive disorders, and protecting against environmental toxicants.
Origin: The rhizomes (roots) of the turmeric plant are boiled and dried, then ground into powder. This powder is used in food, dyeing, and cosmetics. (Wiki).
Products Found In: Turmeric is currently being used in sunscreen formulation and in some cosmetic products to impart a glow and ward off bacterial growth.
Alternative Names: Curcuma Longa, Curcuma Longa (Turmeric) Root Extract
Toxicity: Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is generally classified as non-toxic or harmful.(EWG). Initial studies have shown Turmeric to have possible anti-cancer properties and may be beneficial in treating Alzheimer's Disease. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) is currently funding further studies on curcuma, to determine its full range of health benefits.

subset: commoncrawl


text: Friday, October 12, 2012 Health Information Breaches Affect 13K Medicare Beneficiaries in 2-year Period More than 13,000 Medicare beneficiaries were affected by 14 breaches of protected health information between September 23, 2009, and December 31, 2011, requiring notification under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, according to a new report by the Department of Health and Human Services' Office of Inspector General (OIG). For the most part the breaches involved beneficiaries' names, Medicare identification numbers, dates of birth, diagnoses, and services received. One breach affected 13,412 beneficiaries. This breach involved a Medicare Summary Notice printing error by a Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' (CMS) contractor, which caused the notices to be sent to incorrect addresses. Ten breaches resulted from other mismailings or from loss of documents during transit. In another 2 breaches, beneficiary information was posted online. In the remaining breach, a CMS contractor employee was arrested for stealing beneficiary information. Although CMS notified all beneficiaries affected by the 14 breaches, it failed to meet the Recovery Act's standard for timeliness for 7 of them. Notification letters for 6 of the breaches did not explain how the contractors were investigating the breach, mitigating losses, or protecting against further breaches. Moreover, notification letters for half the breaches, including the largest breach, were missing either the date the breach occurred or the date it was discovered. Notification letters for 3 breaches did not include the types of unsecured protected health information involved, contact procedures for individuals who want to learn more, or steps individuals can take to protect themselves from harm. "CMS has made progress in responding to medical identity theft by developing a compromised number database for contractors," says the report. "However, the database's usefulness could be improved." Based on its findings, OIG recommends that CMS ensure that breach notifications meet Recovery Act requirements, improve the compromised number database, provide guidance to contractors about using database information and implementing edits, develop a method for ensuring that beneficiaries who are victims of medical identity theft retain access to needed services, and develop a method for reissuing identification numbers to beneficiaries affected by medical identity theft.


text:
"Business Ethics" in the Open Source Community?
What do we do when one of our own, a company with long-time roots in the Open Source community, rejects our code of ethics and resorts to deceitful tactics for the express purpose of undermining an Open Source project? It appears that the newly-named Ximian is doing exactly that.
Re: "Business Ethics" in the Open Source Community?
My two cents -
I find it amusing that some people are totally flaming this letter. Let me recreate the situation in another light - imagine doing a search on "linux" or "BSD", and getting the little ad to the left that links to M$. And someone who doesn't know better takes that link to M$, and these other OSs are totally ignored. Most everyone I know would be up in arms over this.
By Jano at Tue, 2001/02/13 - 6:00am
Re: "Business Ethics" in the Open Source Community?
IMHO, nobody would care if MS did such a thing. Granted, MS would never pay Google for such an ad-- they'd end up paying big bucks to target only 1% of desktop users. No offense, but none of the Open Source desktops are there yet.
By Suomynona at Tue, 2001/02/13 - 6:00am
Re: "Business Ethics" in the Open Source Community?
Well, I'd care. I agree I'd be in a small minority of computer users overall (your average Windows user couldn't care less), but that doesn't make Ximian's behaviour any less reprehensible.
What Ximian did was pay Google for an advertising placement, and hijack KDE's name to advertise their own product. I don't understand how you can possibly defend them for this. At least they've had the good sense to remove the KDE name from their advertising, but I think they owe the KDE guys an apology for this.
By Des Herriott at Tue, 2001/02/13 - 6:00am
Re: "Business Ethics" in the Open Source Community?
OK, having read Ximian's statement, it looks like they're acting in good faith. Good to see it's been settled amicably.
By Des Herriott at Tue, 2001/02/13 - 6:00am
Re: "Business Ethics" in the Open Source Community?
The ad has been changed!
It now reads:
Free Linux Desktop
Hooray for Ximian! Hopefully we can put this silly dispute behind us now.
By not me at Tue, 2001/02/13 - 6:00am
Re: "Business Ethics" in the Open Source Community?
the ad is gone now. even better.
By Anonymous at Wed, 2001/02/14 - 6:00am
What a joke...
Too bad this confuses a very real issue regarding commercial interests with open source.
And the KDE folks that manage to make a great desktop? Just sue instead of running your mouths if you think you have a case. The fact is you don't have a leg to stand on.
By Dyna at Tue, 2001/02/13 - 6:00am
Re: What a joke...
why didn't anyone sue Trolltech/KDE then in the past for using the GPL/QPL? Ok .. because nobody had a leg to stand on ...
By bla at Tue, 2001/02/13 - 6:00am
Ad? What ad?
...they're not there now. Perhaps the squeaking wheels have received some oil?
By Paul Ahlquist at Tue, 2001/02/13 - 6:00am
Re: "Business Ethics" in the Open Source Community?
The ads appear to be completely gone now from all KDE search terms.
By caatje at Tue, 2001/02/13 - 6:00am
Re: "Business Ethics" in the Open Source Community?
Ximian has a legal right to have advertisements appear for whatever keywords they wish. Open Source companies provide their source code not because its ethical, but because it provides extra value to the user. Do free software companies believe they will be taken seriously in the business world when they act like little babies sucking their thumbs? Grow up.
By Suomynona at Tue, 2001/02/13 - 6:00am
Re: "Business Ethics" in the Open Source Community?
Ximian has a legal right to have advertisements appear for whatever keywords they wish.
I am curious, are you an attorney? I have done a good amount of reading on trademark law, and I don't believe you are right. The cases involving META tags would support my conclusion as well. Perhaps you just don't have any idea of the legal issues involved; in which case, please refrain from making claims about them.
Do free software companies believe they will be taken seriously in the business world when they act like little babies sucking
Will the big business world take seriously any business which does not protect its trademarks and which does not protest against someone confusing their users into buying another product using their trademark?
By Dre at Tue, 2001/02/13 - 6:00am
Re: "Business Ethics" in the Open Source Community?
I am curious, are you an attorney? I have done a good amount of reading on trademark law, and I don't believe you are right. The cases involving META tags would support my conclusion as well. Perhaps you just don't have any idea of the legal issues involved; in which case, please refrain from making claims about them.
I am not an attorney. KDE should consult an attorney first instead of acting like fools whining about how some company is ethically wrong. From what I understand, Ximian is 1: not using META tags and 2: Neither Google nor Ximian is a Germany company. How KDE plans to use German laws to sue U.S. entities is beyond me.
KDE should do their homework first before posting this stuff on their frontpage. It's not news.
By Suomynona at Tue, 2001/02/13 - 6:00am
Re: "Business Ethics" in the Open Source Community?
I am not an attorney. KDE should consult an attorney first instead of acting like fools whining about how some company is ethically wrong.
No they shouldn't. They should consult an attorney if they are claiming that something is illegal, but they are not. They are saying that they think that it's a grey area. This is different from saying that they believe it is ethically wrong. Ethics and law do not have a 1:1 correspondence.
Of course, you should consult an attorney before saying things like "they haven't got a leg to stand on in court".
By Jim at Tue, 2001/02/13 - 6:00am
Re: "Business Ethics" in the Open Source Community?
> How KDE plans to use German laws to sue
> ... is beyond me.
By Alex Hamer at Tue, 2001/02/13 - 6:00am
Re: "Business Ethics" in the Open Source Community?
KDE should consult an attorney first instead of acting like fools whining about how some company is ethically wrong.
I can assure you that attorneys were consulted. Strange that you would accuse us of jumping to conclusions when in fact we did quite a bit of research and all I see from you is jumping to (wrong) conclusions.
Sorry, I can't understand the rest of your comment. To the extent it refers to the areas of international law governing the applicability of German law to Google's and Ximian's conduct, one would have to contact a pretty expensive law firm with expertise in international trademark law (I would note that Google does operate in Germany and I believe Ximian does commerce in Germany as well). However, it is not clear from your comment that you considered the fact that US law also applies to Google and Ximian and that you don't have to be a US citizen to make use of US law. As to your META tag comment, that was an analogy
By Dre at Wed, 2001/02/14 - 6:00am
Re: "Business Ethics" in the Open Source Community?
Acting like fools?!?! hiring an attourney when they could have settled it quietly (which they did) would have been foolish and babyish. "Oh, they hurt us, so we have to call on someone bigger to do them justice instead of facing them ourselves." The KDE people did the right thing in confronting Ximian before hiring a lawyer.
By Anonymous at Wed, 2001/02/14 - 6:00am
In case you caught it, sorry for the bogus/stupid update on my part. I was out of the loop and should have been more careful. Hindsight is 20/20 as has been said. Situation being rectified.
By Navindra Umanee at Tue, 2001/02/13 - 6:00am
Everyone's favorite search engine
I personally don't care about the GNOME-KDE fan fights, as long as they sponsor Google, thus helping keep it banner/portal-free.
By Ilya Konstantinov at Tue, 2001/02/13 - 6:00am
Clear up own "skeletons"!!
I do not like this sort of practise, but there are is a thing the KDE-developers could do, to keep the whole competition between KDE and Gnome friendly.
I use both KDE and Gnome on a regular basis, though now more KDE than Gnome. But GTK+ does have more themes than KDE, and this makes me want to import themes, through a very useful utiliy included with KDE2. But naming it legacy, and having a highly obnoxious text stating what the "theme importer" is for, is not excactly helping the good spirit of competition.
KDE2 kan (pun intended) stand on it's own merit, it is a fine product, and does not need this.
By Gaute Lindkvist at Tue, 2001/02/13 - 6:00am
I second that
That's the point. I totally agree with you...
By thomas at Tue, 2001/02/13 - 6:00am
Re: Clear up own "skeletons"!!
KDE now refers to KDE1 themes as legacy themes too. Get over it.
By David Walser at Tue, 2001/02/13 - 6:00am
Gtk+ themes are NOT legacy
Gtk+ is a competitor, and it's not even a global truth that KDE/Qt -themes are better than Gtk+ ones.
By Gaute Lindkvist at Wed, 2001/02/14 - 6:00am
Re: Gtk+ themes are NOT legacy
This isn't an aesthetic distinction, it's a technical one. GTK+ themes are pixmap themes, KDE2 ones are gradient themes. Much more flexible, smaller size, better performance, etc.
By David Walser at Wed, 2001/02/14 - 6:00am
Re: Gtk+ themes are NOT legacy
it all depends on what theme engine they use... some are pixmap engines, some are not...
By bla at Wed, 2001/02/14 - 6:00am
Re: Clear up own "skeletons"!!
I think the word "legacy" was replaced recently. Maybe it did not make it through because of the message freeze. I think the original authors of that language did not understand that some people might perceive the term "legacy" as derogatory.
By Dre at Wed, 2001/02/14 - 6:00am
Re: "Business Ethics" in the Open Source Community?
Anybody doing a search for 'kde' or some such thing, will likely be aware of gnome already, and has choosen kde. Or they are doing a bit of research on linux desktops and WM's etc, and will want to try out a range of offerings. And how exactly is someone who uses Linux going to avoid hearing about gnome in the first place, as it is probably included in their distro along with kde anyway?
Another thing, how many people even look at banners ads, let alone click on them?
To summarise my feelings for Kurt... you are paranoid and need a holiday if this is all it takes to upset you. You have my deepest sympathies.
L Brookes
By L Brookes at Wed, 2001/02/14 - 6:00am
Re: "Business Ethics" in the Open Source Community?
This is not exactly a matter of ethics, it is a
By Wally Eckbar at Wed, 2001/02/14 - 6:00am
Can't anyone see the funny side? Its amazing how time makes people forget....
Gnome was founded because KDE used a non Free toolkit, QT and hence Gnome was given backing by GNU. The shoe is somewhat on the other foot now though. QT is now licensed under the GPL and KDE is still the same as it always was, nobody is directly in the KDE project to make money as KDE is a non comercial entity that does not pay coders for there work. Gnome on the other hand has at least two comercial companies coding on the core infrstutcture of Gnome and intend to make money off this effort. They are comercial, thats what they do and that why the adds were posted. I think the best way to make this point is with a question: If all of the Linux desktop users stopped using KDE tomorrow what would happen to KDE? Maybe the project would stop maybe not but would anyone lose venture capital? Would the stock price fall? What if everybody dropped Gnome? Ximian wouldn't have any users and hence no business model for start.
A simple thing that you might have learnt about life, becareful who you trust and be extremely careful if you trust anyone with a vested interest. KDE's motivation is to produce the best Desktop enviroment for Linux, the companies behind Gnome motivation is to make money.
It's natrually understandable that a lot of people here have strong feelings about the ads, try for one second to supress them and think about this, keep an open mind please.
Ximian's ads were aimed at who? Newbies to linux, nobody else would search for KDE it's self on Google, this was even stated by Ximian and I agree. Now, this is called sucker advertising; the only people that follow your ads are people that don't know better. This says a lot about Ximian's business model and tells you a lot about what they plan to do in the future. Expect the following from Gnome: A desktop that is delivered with ads and intergrated tie in services. An example from History would be Microsoft shipping MSN with windows. This was also a sucker trick, add an icon to the Desktop that said "Connect to the internet" and then bring up MS's own service. Someone that doesn't know any better is just going to enter thier credit card as they want to be on the internet. Expect this theme to get a lot worse with Gnome or Ximian's version at least as services is their whole business model. Two things that will hinder Ximian, one relates to Netscape 6, Netscape 6 is Mozilla except that it comes with a load of ads, does any one use the Netscape 6 version or would you rather use plain Mozilla ? Secondly, most people get Linux via a distribution and I see this trend continuing, do you think Distributions are going to leave Ximians ads in tact? The GPL doesn't force them two and Ximian realize this will happen, this is why the Comercial Gnome companies are writting there own installer as a high priority that downloads the newist software from THEIR site, this enables them to have more control on what they put on your computer. It's a very clever tactic and means they can keep you up to date with their latest services and add the icon back to your desktop. Lets try another one, where is another place where you can sell system services like auto update etc? A system configuration utility.
There tactics aren't hard to figure out, of course getting through the zealot nature in most of you will be difficult but all I can say is watch the future. These ads are just the start of some interesting times for Ximian and this trick is very preditory, Ximian are not here to make the world a better place but to make money, you don't get venture capital unless you can provide a return. Ximian's business model is not great, they rely on users and furthermore users that will use their paid services. The more users you have the more potential clients.
Some of the hard core GNU/Linux fans will no doubt get more than a bit disgruntled in the future with Ximian and I expect a mini backlash against them at some point. They have to be preditors and they have to get as many users as possible, it will start with "Please sign up for our services as it helps gnome" and then get more desperate when people don't. I'm not saying this is right or wrong, if you like Gnome and like Ximians services please do, but a company is not a charity, the FSF is.
Is this good for Open source? I can't answer this but there is little doubt in my mind that the comercial nature of Ximian is already affecting the Gnome project, currently Gnome 2 is being planned around GTK2, many Gnome deveopers are pushing for Gnome 2 to clean out the bad designs and basically start again from scratch much in the same way KDE 2 did over KDE 1. KDE2 took a while as this approach would but now it's here it's design is solid and is a great foundation. Ximian are callign this approach Bluesky, hopefully developers that read this will see that this is the right thing to do. Miguel first proposed bluesky but has since changed his tone, the main reason being that the timescales are too long and it would mean that Sun would not ship version 2 of Gnome (with Ximian tie ins) but version 1.4. Gnome 2 will be hurried out of the door in not as good shape as it could be despite the wishes of a lot of the free developers.
There are several replies that could maybe argue these points where as distros pay towards KDE development yada yada yada. This post doesn't really want to split hair over that, all I want to point out is that if you compare the two project 18 months ago the tables have turned a lot. The only desktop enviroment and toolkit that is covered under the real GPL is KDE, there are comercial sponsors that help with some expenses but that's it. You certainly don't see bookmarks to to IBM placed "conviently" for you in Konqueror do you? Distro will no doubt add their own.
There was also a point raised by someone else here in an earlier thread that stated that KDE was wrong to pubish the letter while also mentioning that nobody really wants to code on Mozilla as they didn't want to help AOL get richer. Maybe but Mozilla isn't sold for profit. However, with the same reasoning you could also say that giving your time coding on gnome will help make Ximian richer. Ximian, don't actually sell gnome but there business is solely based on selling support for it and tie ins.
A note to the KDE PR people, you did the right thing to raise this issue, the letter was correct in most things you stated but was very imflamatory. The posts here prove that, the posts here also prove that you have an army of Zealots to help with these issues. Fighting fire with fire isn't the best way to handle these issues, make people aware of the facts: "Ximian ads.. to KDE sites blah blah, we asked them to remove them, they said no". This states the facts and lets people make up their own minds over the issue, people aren't stupid (mostly) and will reach their own conclusions. Given the current dis-trust that a lot of people involved with Opensource have of comercial interest, this would have been enough. Instead it's now a case of "Ximian are sly Hmm.. but they KDE crowd are a little bit agressive, maybe because Gnome is better technically?". What I'm saying is the orginal issue has been over shadowed by the letter and both KDE and Ximian look as bad as each other. Ximian are going to upset quite a few more people in the future, try not to get too involved and do what the KDE devlopers do best, code.
Re: Insights
GNU is about FREE software, not about uncomercial software.
By Spark at Wed, 2001/02/14 - 6:00am
Re: Insights
Spark, you're made an an easy mistake. I guess there does seem to be some confusion regarding the word Free and there always has been to some extent. Find out who Richard Stallman is (maybe you know) and why GNU & hence the GPL came about, it's really quite interesting. The history behind it is the important thing, what the GNU goals are.
You will then see that why the GPL and comercial software can not get along. Why do you think that QT is dual licenced? For a starter though take 5 seconds and think if you can name one bit of software released *solely* under the GPL that is comcercial?
You CANNOT write comercial software with QT when it's licensed under the GPL. As with all licenses the GPL is complex and can't be summarised in one sentence but: the only thing you can charge for under the GPL is the cost of the distribution media.
Although the Free does mean freedom, but with the GPL it mutually means Free as in beer as well by the fact that you can only charge for the cost of distribution.
My post above refers to this point: Gnome came about and was backed by GNU because of licensing issues with QT, wrongly or rightly I don't care but Richard didn't like it. Now KDE and QT are using the GPL which is a license that impliments Richards ideology. GTK uses the Lesser GPL which means that closed source apps can use it and remain both closed and commercial, not exactly what Richard wanted. You state that someday people will get the idea of Free software meaning that I miss the point of Free, I'm sorry spark but the below will prove that you have indeed mistaken it for free beer:
Company A writes an app with GTK and it's closed (not free) and is commercial. The libary costs them nothing but the software they write is not free as in freedom.
Company B writes the same app with QT it's closed (not Free) and commercial. They have to pay QT money for a commercial license as they should for such a tool kit. Again not free as in freedom.
Company (let call them K) writes the same app with QT, they do not want to pay for the toolkit so they chose to license it under the GPL. Hence there software must also be Licensed under the GPL which means it's Free as in freedom and the world is a better place.
So this is why I stated that the shoe is on the other foot, KDE with QT are now more in line with the ideals of the GNU than Gnome is. You said this "gnome is still "more free" than KDE", I hope you understand now that gnome specifcally it's toolkit GTK creates less Freedom code than KDE does, GTK creates one freedom above QT now and that is the freedom for a commercial company to make money from someone elses work without giving anything back (either code or money to the toolkit developers). So, the GTK tool kit costs them nothing. In other words it's free as in cost, which spark, is not what the GNU orginally intended.
You mention that there are more commercial applications for QT/KDE than for Gnome, this is a good point given the above, why would a company pay to use a toolkit when they could write software for Gnome and avoid this charge? After all software companies are in business to make money and saving costs on the toolkit would be a nice benifit. I think this should tell you a great deal about the quality QT has over GTK.
Re: Insights
Actually Stallman requests that free software libraries be licensed GPL (like Qt) and not LGPL (like GTK). That's why the LGPL (formerly "Library GPL") was renamed to "Lesser GPL". So the irony is that while GNU is backing GNOME, KDE is more in line with GNU's own recommendations for free software.
By Haakon Nilsen at Wed, 2001/02/14 - 6:00am
Re: Insights
i never read stallman requesting every library to be GPL. instead he wrote an article (or someone else, i can't remember) stating that you should not use the LGPL for EVERY library. that does NOT mean, that you should use GPL everytime.
By Spark at Thu, 2001/02/15 - 6:00am
Re: Insights
no, i'm not mistaken. ;)
By Spark at Thu, 2001/02/15 - 6:00am
Re: Insights
Hey nice, that was quite an entertaining read there.
By ac at Wed, 2001/02/14 - 6:00am
Re: Insights
You make some very good points. Its true the Ximian and Eazel will be making their cash out of seducing wide eyed newbies like my mom into their branded Gnome, complete with paid product placements and banner adds riddled through the interface like MSN and NS6.... but like Mozilla, those of us who care will go ahead and ignore their branded version and use the less commercially polluted Branch. And this is great. The people who don't care (my mom) fund the development by paying the wages of the developers, which gives back to those of us who do care. Not much to complain about at all. I'm damn happy running my Gnome, KDE and Mozilla, and am very thankful for all the companies paying developers to bring them to me faster.
Josh Steiner - http://mp3.com/bluevitriol
By Joschi at Wed, 2001/02/14 - 6:00am
Re: Insights
It's a good point but I can see one issue with it, won't your mum also install Linux from a distribution? What happens when the Distro also uses the "the less commercially polluted Branch" which I think they will and here's why: Their installer is great, it looks good and when it's finished it will add a nice needed feature to the Linux desktop arena. So it's an appealing feature. Lets take this a step futher:
Ximian's installer is GPL'ed. The code can be borrowed, changed etc... All Ximian's code will be GPL'ed too and all your paying for is the update service. What would you prefer as an update service, just a service that updates the desktop or a service that can not only update your desktop but your whole distribution? So what if a Linux Distro took the Ximian updater and made it the Redhat updater, that would update your whole distro including the latest Ximian code from one single app. I know what I would chose and as this tool is installed for your mum with her distribution, I'd take a good guess at what she would be using too.
Currently the GNU/Linux distributions don't provide this service as they would lose money, Debian has done it for ages with APT but Debian is a non-profit distro but it proves that it can be done. If such an installer shipped with Redhat for example and it kept your distro upto date painlessly, Redhat might percieve their box sales of the dot releases would fall.
If Ximian's services do take off however, the distro's will be emulating this in a very short time with their own installer and as it will update your whole system, it adds more value. The time to market is also very short as well as the fact the distro's already, 1, have the code and 2, a mirror's network and high bandwidth links.
The GPL or Free software in general does not lend it's self well to a business out for profit if you write code. If you spend money on giving something away you have to be damm sure you will get it back by another means or else your business model doesn't hold water. A better example would be Razor companies who sell the razors cheap and makes the money back on the blades. With the GPL it works this way: Give the razors away and try to make money on the blades expect for the fact that you have given the moulds for the blades away as well, so other companies can make them to fit your razor. As the other companies don't have the cost of the razor to recover, they sell the blades cheaper than you.
The best way to make money in Opensource is to 1, be a blade salesman (Distro, consultancy) and feed the Razor maker a donation once in a while to keep the demand up or 2, Control the makers of the blades (e.g. TrollTech) giving the razor away but if a company wants to make money from just the blades they have to buy your blade moulds. Or something like that anyway.
Re: Insights
The point of your post seemed very much concerned about peoples desktops being polluted, which as i have described is no problem at all. As for the bussiness models of the Gnome supporting companies (SUSE, Redhat, Ximian, Eazel), don't ask me to defend that, they will have to work it out on their own. Though their is a large market for exploiting the fact that Mom's don't want think about their computers for a second, and will follow the most beaten path even though that means paying a small sum to a company to not have to think about it. Look at the huge 800 software tax they pay to play in the Windows world. The Gnome people are starting to partner their services (i can't find the article on slashdot right now, nbut either Ximian or Eazel's updateer is going to be used in one of the main distro's) ... if they asked me i wold tell them to go all the way and merge. buy no one is asking me. In the meantime, we geeks who post long threads on dot.kde.org and new.gnome.org will go ahead and use the less cluttered alternatives, and everyone will be happy. :)
Josh Steiner - http://mp3.com/bluevitriol
By Joschi at Wed, 2001/02/14 - 6:00am
Re: Insights
A decent post, although you're majorly wrong when you assume that KDE has no companies paying people to code. Troll Tech, SuSE, Mandrake and more pay the core KDE developers to work on KDE full time. So saying that KDE is a non profit group is true, but so is GNOME. Both of them, however, have large companies with lots of money backing them.
By Joakim Ziegler at Wed, 2001/02/14 - 6:00am
Re: Insights
This is not the point of my post, if you look at the post again you will see this:
"There are several replies that could maybe argue these points where as distros pay towards KDE development yada yada yada. This post doesn't really want to split hair over that, all I want to point out is that if you compare the two project 18 months ago the tables have turned a lot. "
I agree with what you say both Gnome and KDE are non-profit and both do have backing but the issue is not really Gnome and KDE it's Ximian. Troll Tech, SuSE etc would love KDE to be the #1 Desktop BUT it is not 100% critical to their Business model.
Please though Joakim, I'm not really talking about Gnome, I think its a good project and have no religous war between the two desktops, I use them both. I'm more concerned with how Ximian are going to change the friendly competition between the two projects and more importantly how Ximian will affect the Gnome project. I am more concerned with Free software as a whole, that it stays Free and we keep a sense of community instead of worshiping the almighty dollar.
By David at Thu, 2001/02/15 - 6:00am
Re: Insights
> I'm more concerned with how Ximian are going to change the friendly competition between the two projects and more importantly how Ximian will affect the Gnome project.
yes, we will see. we should just wait and give ximian a chance to show their goodwill, right?
By Spark at Thu, 2001/02/15 - 6:00am
Tone Down the Rhetoric
I see nothing wrong with advertising Ximian during a search for KDE. People who are interested in one free Linux desktop would naturally find information about other free desktops relevant. Ximian and KDE are so obviously different from each other that there is little opportunity for confusion, and KDE doesn't have to fear comparison.
Tone down the rhetoric. Shrill reactions like these to perfectly normal advertising practices are no recommendation for KDE or the KDE community. Besides, I have seen a lot of Troll Tech ads on news stories related to Linux, many of which probably talked about Gnome/Ximian/Helix.
By Mike M. at Thu, 2001/02/15 - 6:00am


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I was wondering what perspectives other people had on the Buddhist concept of Non-Violence (ie: how they apply the idea to different circumstances)?
For example, does this equate to pacifism in times or war (eg: in cases of self defence or prevention of genocide)?
I can think of other examples where a 'violent act' may be the more compassionate one (eg: putting a suffering animal to sleep).
Relating the idea into the context of my own life, I practice a somewhat hands on and physical martial art (Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu) that some people may look on as violent. Analysing my own reasons for taking the sport up, it would seem that intention (in terms of Non-Violence) is just as important as the act itself. There are some people who seem to come with the determination to submit people no matter what the cost (ie: violent intention), whilst there are others who attend with the idea of helping themselves and others improve.
What do other people think?


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← The Secret to Creating Partnership with Your Dog (previous entry)
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Marketing is taking twists and turns that are surprising and more than a little scary.
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text:
The Colonel wrote:Also, I am willing to bet Pensgear is open on the 14th for the summer season ticket holder skate. So you could probably get the stuff then too. They would be foolish to have the STH's there and not have Pensgear open. I will go in to see if they have any more clearence items.
sj? wrote:I unlocked the name & number t on May 24th & still haven't received my voucher
Candleonwater wrote:Got my last postcard - for name shirt. Thinking about taking a weekend to spend in PA, anything I should know before coming up? Are there days PensGear aren't open? Where do I park for this visit? What doors do I enter - the ones by the Mario statue?
Advice for taking in a Pirates game while there? How about where to buy Pirates gear? My daughter went to the Pirates/Nationals game last night and wasn't happy that she had no Pirates gear to wear.
REALLY random question here - Daughter has to do an assignment over the summer... visit a historic site and write a paper... thinking about finding something in the Pittsburgh area, suggestions?
atkearns wrote:Here are the hours and lcoations for PensGear stores:
It might be easier to go to the Southside Works location if you're not familiar with the city.
The most historic building in Western PA is the Fort Pitt blockhosue. Not sure if you can go in the actual building or not, but you can visit it and there's a museum right next to it. More info here: http://www.heinzhistorycenter.org/secondary.aspx?id=296
Traffic warning: I think the Liberty Tunnel is going to be closed from July 26 - August 12 on the outbound side. Avoid going near it if possible!
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Cloud-based engineering software company Aha! has launched a new roadmapping tool to help product strategy teams build visual roadmaps and articulate product features. The company aims to combat software sins such as "squishy communication" by providing a tool to explain product vision and detail requirements so engineering knows what to build next.
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It also automatically updates features and requirements back in Aha! as text or status changes are made in Jira. The integration works with both hosted and on-premise versions of Jira.


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text: Wednesday, February 13, 2013 Member Opportunity to Serve on Physical Therapy Outcomes Registry Task Force APTA's Physical Therapy Outcomes Registry Task Force is seeking members to serve on this newly formed task force. Those wishing to provide input into the development and implementation of the registry should respond to the call by completing a volunteer interest profile found on the Volunteer Interest Pool webpage. The first step is creating a "profile" for service. After developing a profile, in order to be considered for this task force, members must then access the "current opportunities for service page" and respond to the questions specific to this task force. The deadline to respond to this call is February 20. For more information on this task force, click on the link above or contact Marc Goldstein, EdD, senior advisor, Clinical Practice and Research.


text:
KOffice 1.4 Released
The KOffice team is pleased to announce the next version of the lightweight, integrated and complete office suite. With exciting highlights like two new components - Krita and Kexi - and support for the OASIS OpenDocument file format, the KOffice 1.4 release is a large step forward. Even a Live-CD featuring the latest release is available so you can try before actually installing anything. You can also take a look at screenshots at OSDir to get a first glance. Read the full announcement and the changelog for further details!
Kubuntu Packages and Live CD
Kubuntu's packages are on download.kde.org, we also have a Live CD with KOffice 1.4 (and KDE 3.4.1).
By Jonathan Riddell at Tue, 2005/06/21 - 5:00am
Thank you!
Donwloading now....
Great job everybody! go KDE! ;)
Are these now the default file formats for KOffice? How much of the standard is supported? If I remember correctly, there need to be two independ implementations of the OASIS standard before it becomes real. OOo provides ones and KOffice the other. So, is the standard in effect now?
Re: OpenDocument
> Are these now the default file formats for KOffice?
No, and they also don't cover all applications contained within KOffice.
> So, is the standard in effect now?
OpenOffice.org 2.0 is not yet released.
How's Krita? Is it any good?
By bsander at Tue, 2005/06/21 - 5:00am
Re: So..
I saw a video of it somewhere, I was very impressed! I don't remember where they released the video but it was cool.
By ac at Tue, 2005/06/21 - 5:00am
Re: So..
I made a couple of videos for krita. Two were made with the old preview release (probably the one you saw), but I made a new one for the current 1.4 release:
By Bart Coppens at Wed, 2005/06/22 - 5:00am
Re: So..
It's excellent of course! The proverbial bee's knees, the cat's nip, the ewe's lamb, when bought in the shop it would cost you a fortune, but we can offer you a download for the incredible price, and it's cuttin' me own throat, guv', the incredible price of, listen carefully and don't faint, zero gold dubloons. Get yer fresh software here, get yer fresh software here! Fresh and free! Free and fresh!
Er... Sorry, got a little carried away there. Won't happen again! Promise.
Krita is a young application (it may have been started six or so years ago, but that doesn't mean it's been in continuous development for all that time) and you will certainly find it lacking in features compared to Photoshop. But I think we've got KPaint licked, here, and there are compelling reasons to use it over and above XPaint. And since svn was branched, we've started adding new stuff again, so it can only get better.
Re: So..
Kolourpaint was the first usuable program. Krita now is usable too and I expect it now to grow very fast.
By Gerd at Tue, 2005/06/21 - 5:00am
Re: So..
Hello Boudewijn,
Great work on Krita! Looks like you guys did an AMAZING job with it. At this rate, we will at last have a professional-grade painting program on Linux in but a few releases!
I had a small question though -- couldn't find anything about it on the site: Does Krita support Kipi plugins? Will it? SHOULD it?
Thanks again for you excellent work!
By A.C. at Wed, 2005/06/22 - 5:00am
Re: So..
No, we don't support Kipi, at the moment at least. Kipi didn't seem terribily relevant as the plugins are mostly concerned with organizing images and take 8-bit rgb QImages as their choice of image format. I'd be very much interesting in integration with Digikam -- e.g., using Digikam as the organizer and Krita as the image editor with full sharing of plugins. But since Gilles and Renchi are developing their own image editor (working on 16bits, too, I have heard) that seems unlikely. And while I have started working on a Krita plugin that loads all digikam plugins, I'm afraid that that would be a dead end -- again, because Krita supports a potentially infinite variety of image formats, and the digikam plugins presuppose 8-bit rgba.
By Boudewijn at Wed, 2005/06/22 - 5:00am
Re: So..
Okay, I suspected something like this. Anyway, thank you for the clear answer, and thank you again for all the good work!
By A.C. at Wed, 2005/06/22 - 5:00am
It's cool!
Thanks to Gentoo, instantly providing the new KOffice packages, I just tried out Krita. Resumé: while still suffering from minor usability problems, it's capable and cool enough to make me (as occasional user, no graphics pro) drop the Gimp.
Pros, at the first glance:
Issues that I stumbled over:
That sounds like a lot of problems, but I think they are not too serious. Well, the first one, maybe. But apart from that, it seems I'll be quite happy with Krita, because the devs did many things right.
So, great work Boudewijn & Co.!
By Jakob Petsovits at Tue, 2005/06/21 - 5:00am
Re: It's cool!
Okay, good points. Let's take them one by one:
* Zooming. I just didn't manage to finish the bird's eyeview panel in time, I'm afraid, and I never thought about adding a menu option to go back to 1:1 zoom.
Anyway, I've added some points to the TODO, but if you want to track progress, please take the time to add them to bugzilla, too.
Re: It's cool!
Koffice components as layers? That would be insane. So I could have a bitmap, with a vector layer from Karbon14, and a text layer from Kword? Now that would be a killer feature.
While I am dreaming, it would be even cooler if there were fx layers I could apply to these layers so that I could have a something like a drop shadow or transformation dynamically applied to my Kword layer as I updated it.
By the orz at Wed, 2005/06/22 - 5:00am
Re: It's cool!
It may be a dream, but not an impossible one. I fact I don't think it would be too long before we start working on it. The whole layer thing: adjustment layers, grouping of layers, and layers from other KOffice applications is all on our todo. Currently though, all of us developers are deep into other features, but with the rate we are progressing right now...who knows.
But if you like krita just a little bit today - you just wait - you ain't seen nothing yet. LOTS of cool things and behind the scene improvements are being done or are planned.
By Casper Boemann at Wed, 2005/06/22 - 5:00am
Re: It's cool!
> Finally an advanced bitmap editor fitting in only one window
i consider this a big fat MINUS. i love to have all image tools and dialogs open on the left monitor and the image full-screen without border on the right. you just cant do that with a everything-stuffed-in-one-window approach. so gimp is still the way to go for me, although krita looks smth more ... kawai
By Jens Wiedemar at Tue, 2005/06/21 - 5:00am
Re: It's cool!
You can detach all toolbars and dockers from the main window and move them to your second screen; however, I have this nasty suspicion that I didn't take care to ensure that if you open a second view window, you won't get all the dockers and toolbars again... But as long as you work with one image in one view, it'll work exactly like want.
Re: It's cool!
Remember, this is KDE. Of course you have the option, just drag the toolwindows where you want them. You better give Krita a try:-)
By Morty at Tue, 2005/06/21 - 5:00am
Re: It's cool!
I don't like the one-window solution either. The tool panels take a lot of screen space away.
Detaching the tool panels isn't a solution either. Having a lot of seperate tool windows floating around is a nightmare. I spend too much time dragging them out of my way.
I would like to have one single master toolwindow, one that you can add as few/many tools to as you like, in the form of tabs for instance. The seperate tool windows should stay as well, because some users seem to like them and they allow a highly customizable single-window layout. Adding a master tool-container window would make Krita attractive to GIMP-UI fans as well.
By Meneer Dik at Wed, 2005/06/22 - 5:00am
Re: It's cool!
>I would like to have one single master toolwindow, one that you can add as few/many tools to as you like, in the form of tabs for instance.
I seccond that :-) Except i think it should be more like the kind of "tabs" you see in Konq or Amarok out on the left. Having just *one* narrow and tall window at the left, with one-click acces groups of tools, layers, colour chooser, plugins/script extentions, coffee machine etc, would realy make my day. It saves screen real estate, and would work in both "crammed" and "exploded" mode :-)
I'll go work on making a mock-up right away!
By Macavity at Wed, 2005/06/22 - 5:00am
Re: It's cool!
I'd like to see your mockup but I have to warn you... I have started coding a system of dockers where the user can drag & drop tabs between dockers, and where there are two kinds of tabs: the toolbox kind (as in Qt Designer, hope that class doesn't get axed for Qt 4) and the tab kind. So, if you want all the palettes in one big panel, you just drag all of 'em to a toolbox pannel, and bob's your uncle
Curiously enough, the all palettes in one big docker was the approach of Krita when I started hacking the semi-abandoned codebase, and I found it didn't work for me. We've had a lot of grief with developing the dockers. Qt's QDockWindow's have some nasty bugs, Kivio's sliding dockers have other bugs and a home-grown solution has the disadvantage that maintaining it takes precious time from real development. I notice that Bibble Pro (a really great image editor) uses Qt and has the same problems with their dockers as Krita has.
Anyway, about four floating palettes seems to be what Photoshop, Paintshop Pro, Corel Painter, Acrylic and Procreate Painter have standardized on, so I decided to stop fighting Qt, and just go with the flow.
By Boudewijn at Wed, 2005/06/22 - 5:00am
Re: It's cool!
>Anyway, about four floating palettes seems to be what Photoshop, Paintshop Pro, Corel Painter, Acrylic and Procreate Painter have standardized on, so I decided to stop fighting Qt, and just go with the flow.
Yes.. I've been surfing screenshots of that too. So far it looks just like that, except I keep all four in one window, with konq-sidebar-tabs ("dockers?") on the left.
What I'm doing right now, is that making some dummy-work and then try and imagine (clicking on the drawings of the UI) what I would have to do to get the same job done using my approach. However it became clear quite fast that this approach translates to [a lot] more mouse clicks in exchange for the extra screen space. I'm no coder myself [yet], so I don't know if Qt/KDE allows a window in focus to "send" the keyboard shortcuts it detects to another window.. but if this is the case it would be truely KDE-like-kick-arse to just bind the "side-tabs" to [1], [2], [3] & [4] (except in text-layer-mode), to allow for maximum-screen-space-dual-hand-krita-hyper-productivity-operation ;-)
>but I have to warn you... I have started coding a system of dockers where the user can drag & drop tabs between dockers, and where there are two kinds of tabs: the toolbox kind (as in Qt Designer, hope that class doesn't get axed for Qt 4) and the tab kind.
Again.. I'm no hacker but this doesnt sound as if it contradicts with my idea (is it "generic", "selfcontained" and "re-usable"?). In fact it sounds like this kind of work is axactly what is needed to make it possible to extend and re-configure my idea to fit everyone. It would be truely awesome if Krita is to be the first 100% custamizable IMP.. as every one seem to have their own take on how theese programs should look. If it too was all D'N'D, with 3-click profile management.. well.. that would be kind of devastating to any competitior :-) (If this was on side-tab 5 it could be done in 2 clicks)
I will post on looky sometime next week.
Happy Midsummer everyone :-)
By Macavity at Thu, 2005/06/23 - 5:00am
Re: It's cool!
WOW! Amarok-SVN has *exactly* the kind of side-tabs im thinking of! In fact the entire left side of Amarok is pretty much like what I had in mind.. that will make the production of my mock-ups much easyer :-)
By macavity at Thu, 2005/06/23 - 5:00am
Re: It's cool!
Don't forget to mail me -- I might miss it otherwise.
By Boudewijn Rempt at Thu, 2005/06/23 - 5:00am
Re: It's cool!
>- Finally an advanced bitmap editor fitting in only one window
I do not understand why this can be listed as a "Pro". It is just a personal preference of "look", like the colour of the window titlebar.
Could you elaborate on what it brings (apart from the look) compared to recent gimp ?
Just as a reminder for people who haven't used gimp since 1.x, recent Gimp can make use of "transient" windows (it is an option in the preferences). Thus you have different windows on the screen, but you can minimise them all by minimising the image window. The whole point on "one window to rule them all" is thus void.
(and decent taskbars such as KDE one can group all gimp windows in one too)
By oliv at Wed, 2005/06/22 - 5:00am
Re: It's cool!
> I do not understand why this can be listed as a "Pro".
1. I know there are many people who prefer a single window for a single document. And unlike the Gimp, Krita lets you choose how you want it, so how could choice be not listed as "Pro" (especially if it defaults to something that I personally like)?
> (and decent taskbars such as KDE one can group all gimp windows in one too)
2. The taskbar handling is still not as comfortable as the "real thing". It requires at least one additional click, and when the list of grouped windows appears, I still have to grasp which of them I want. If there are few other windows around, chances are that the window buttons are not grouped and clutter the taskbar. And I can't stand it switching to another desktop just to keep my taskbar clean.
Of course it's possible, learnable, has its good points and whatever, but I instinctively feel better with a single window, that alone should be enough to favour it :-)
By Jakob Petsovits at Wed, 2005/06/22 - 5:00am
Please if possible remove ImageMagick dependency from Krita.
By ac at Tue, 2005/06/21 - 5:00am
Re: s/ImageMagic//g
Why? Is there something unclean about ImageMagick? Of course, if you are content with loading and saving nothing but native files, you can use Krita without ImageMagick already -- but I lack the resources to create import/export filters for all the formats that ImageMagick supports, and Krita needs more than kimgio can deliver.
Re: s/ImageMagic//g
Agree. I don't see the point of removing the dependency on ImageMagick. ImageMagick is ubiquitous and does just about every image format conversion you can think of.
By other ac at Tue, 2005/06/21 - 5:00am
Re: s/ImageMagic//g
I think the proper solution would be to have a image framework for KDE or something like that.
By ac at Wed, 2005/06/22 - 5:00am
Re: s/ImageMagic//g
Why reinvent the wheel?
By Asdex at Wed, 2005/06/22 - 5:00am
Re: s/ImageMagic//g
> Just do it the unix-way instead of reinventing the wheel all the time.
Or may this old-skool quote:
"Those who do not understand Unix are condemned to reinvent it, poorly." -- Henry Spencer, University of Toronto
Cies Breijs
By cies breijs at Wed, 2005/06/22 - 5:00am
Re: s/ImageMagic//g
I think both quotes are quite silly. If we argue why re-inventing the wheel then by now we all would still be using CDE. There is a problem we need to solve properly and this means a sane graphic layer library doing these kind of work. Right now we have different KDE applications using different versions of graphic libraries for doing exactly the same task. Some use libimlib, some use stuff from imagemagic, some other things use some other libraries and and and. We could get rid of a lot of dependency on 3rd party libraries and tools if there was a proper graphic library or something. All KDE apps that require such a library can use the one provided by KDE and not from any random 3rd party application. It's easier for bugtracking and easier to maintain too.
By ac at Wed, 2005/06/22 - 5:00am
Re: s/ImageMagic//g
You know what I think KDE needs to standardize for all of us?
Datatypes. Small generic libraries dealing with specific media formats. Datatype-aware programs become forward compatible; compile a library for a new image type, and all programs dealing with images know how to use that file. Amiga OS 3.x did it, OS/2 Warp did it... what are we waiting for? I've been wanting datatypes for audio, 3D objects, image formats and more for a while! They show these MIME associations that Windows 95 somehow lowered our expectations to for the crude, inflexible constructs that they are.
And if a datatype has to call ImageMagick, big deal. It'd be a minimal chunk of code for the purists to revise later.
By D. Rollings at Wed, 2005/06/22 - 5:00am
Re: s/ImageMagic//g
At least as standardized wrappers (in cases of ImageMagick and Xinelib etc.) this would be really a nice idea, possibly this could be done for KDE4. Did you suggest that at some central place already?
By ac at Wed, 2005/06/22 - 5:00am
Re: s/ImageMagic//g
I have as of now. It looks as though the kfile and kimgio libraries certainly fill in the gap for images with a plugin architecture; at this point, I have a general interest in seeing whether this approach extends to other formats.
By D. Rollings at Mon, 2005/06/27 - 5:00am
Re: s/ImageMagic//g
between gdkpixbuf and gstreamer gnome has effectively done this for images and video but it was largely incidental and unfortunately not part of some greater plan. no reason why kde couldn't do one better.
By Anonymous Gnome at Tue, 2005/06/28 - 5:00am
Nice to see the Mandriva package.
I have to admit that I have been wanting to upgrade to kde 3.4.1, but no luck so far. Just out of curiousity, how is Suse looking these days?
By a.c. at Tue, 2005/06/21 - 5:00am
Re: Nice to see the Mandriva package.
Free version looks like desktop agnostic, highly advanced alpha version of
By Anonymous at Wed, 2005/06/22 - 5:00am
Re: Nice to see the Mandriva package.
A KOffice 1.4 rpm for SUSE 9.3 is on ftp.kde.org.
By Anonymous at Wed, 2005/06/22 - 5:00am
Re: Nice to see the Mandriva package.
Hopefully, the merger with conectiva will bring up to date packages for
The alternative I am considering is to potentially switck to kubuntu.
I always thought they should keep the free (beer) version up to date,
By MandrakeUser at Wed, 2005/06/22 - 5:00am
Re: Nice to see the Mandriva package.
> I always thought they should keep the free (beer) version up to date,
Yeah, I am looking at switching just due to that. It used to be that Mandrake did a great job of staying up on KDE (a bit flakey though), but now they are 6 months to a year out of date.
I do like your idea.
By a.c. at Wed, 2005/06/22 - 5:00am
Krita still sucks...
lots of usability issues plus you need a resolution bigger than the mostly standar 1024*768.
By TIM.. at Tue, 2005/06/21 - 5:00am
Re: Krita still sucks...
Go back to your GIMP already.
By ac at Tue, 2005/06/21 - 5:00am
Re: Krita still sucks...
At least I an use it even with a resolution of 800*600
By TIM.. at Tue, 2005/06/21 - 5:00am
Re: Krita still sucks...
What about 320*200? ...didn't think so. Gimp sucks!
By other ac at Wed, 2005/06/22 - 5:00am
Re: Krita still sucks...
Then why are you still complaining?? Bored??
By ac at Wed, 2005/06/22 - 5:00am
Re: Krita still sucks...
Well, well... That was very, er... helpful.
However, maybe I can help you... If you add the line "dockerStyle=0" to the General section in your .kde/share/config/kritarc, you will find that this version of Krita uses the same sliding dockers as Kivio. Place them against any border you want, resize or wriggle them a little (that's needed, it's the bug that forced me not to include the option in the gui), and they disappear only to re-appear on mouse-over. That way, you don't need to buy a bigger screen.
Or you could just close the dock windows you don't need -- or roll them up using the conveniently placed button.
By Boudewijn Rempt at Wed, 2005/06/22 - 5:00am
Re: Krita still sucks...
By ac at Wed, 2005/06/22 - 5:00am


text:
One of Java's greatest advantages is that its design allows for cross-platform capability. This feature, however, is also a bug with regard to other aspects of programming. It is constrained in its interaction with the local machine, and thus the local machine instructions cannot be utilized to achieve the full performance potential of the machine. To ameliorate this weakness, there is the Java Native Interface, a Java platform that interacts with the machine on the local level. It can be employed to allow the use of legacy code and more interaction with the hardware for efficient performance. This article explores the JNI workflow, provides code examples of how Java calls in both C and C++, and introduces the Android Native Development Kit (NDK), which compiles the C/C++ code into applications that can run on an Android device.
JNI and NDK
This article focuses on the capabilities of the Java Native Interface, which overcomes the limitations of Java by allowing Java code and native code software collaborate and share resources. We introduce the basic workflow of JNI, and then provide instructions and code examples for the general framework of a C/C++ function call via a JNI and Java program, noting the slight variations that exist between C and C++. The Android NDK is also introduced and explained. By the end of the article, a developer should understand how to utilize both JNI and NDK on Android devices.
JNI Introduction
We know that Java applications do not run directly on the hardware, but actually run in a virtual machine. The source code of an application is not compiled to get the hardware instructions, but is instead compiled to get the interpretation of a virtual machine to execute code. For example, Android applications run in the Dalvik virtual machine; its compiled code is executable code for the Dalvik virtual machine in DEX format. This feature means that Java runs on the virtual machine and actually ensures its cross-platform capability: that is, its "compile once, run anywhere" feature. This cross-platform capability of Java causes it to be less connected to and limits its interaction with the local machine's various internal components, making it difficult to use the local machine instructions to utilize the performance potential of the machine. It is difficult to take advantage of locally based instructions to run a huge existing software library, and thus functionality and performance are limited.
Is there a way to make Java code and native code software collaborate and share resources? The answer is yes: the Java Native Interface (JNI), which is an implementation method of a Java local operation. JNI is a Java platform defined as the Java standard to interact with the code on the local platform (It is generally known as the host platform. But this article is about the mobile platform, and in order to distinguish it from the mobile cross-development host, we have renamed it the local platform). The so-called "interface" includes two directions, one is Java code to call native functions (methods), and the other is local application calls to the Java code. Relatively speaking, the former method is used more in Android application development. So we will put our emphasis on the approach in which Java code calls native functions.
The way Java calls native functions through JNI is to have the local method stored in the form of library files. For example, on a Windows platform the files are in .dll file format, in the Unix/Linux machine the files are in .so file format. By an internal method of calling the local library file, it enables Java to establish close contact with the local machine and is called the system-level approach for various interfaces.
JNI usually has two usage scenarios: first, to be able to use legacy code (for example C/C++, Delphi, and other development tools); second, to more directly interact with the hardware for better performance. We will see some of this as we go through the article.
JNI general workflow is as follows: Java initiates calls so that the local function's side code (such as a function written in C/C++) runs. This time the object is passed over from the Java side, and run at a local function completion. After finishing running a local function, the value of the result is returned to the Java code. Here JNI is an adapter, completing mapping between the variables and functions (Java methods) between the Java language and native compiled languages (such as C/C++). We know that Java and C/C++ are very different in function prototype definitions and variable types. In order to make the two match, JNI provides a jni.h file to complete the mapping between the two. This process is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: JNI general workflow.
The general framework of a C/C++ function call via a JNI and Java program (especially Android application) is as follows:
- The way of compiling native is declared in the Java class (C/C++ function).
- The .java source code file containing the native method is compiled (Build project in Android).
- The
javahcommand generates an .h file, which corresponds to the native method according to the .class files.
- C/C++ methods are used to achieve the local method.
- The recommended method for this step is first to copy the function prototypes into the .h file and then modify the function prototypes and add the function body. In this process, the following points should be noted:
- The JNI function call must use the C function. If it is the C++ function, do not forget to add the extern "C" keyword;
- The format of the method name should follow the following template:
Java_pacakege_class_method, namely the
Java_packagename class name and function method name.
Use the
System.loadLibrary() or
System.load() method in the Java class to load the dynamic library generated.
These two functions are slightly different:
System.loadLibrary(): Loads the default directory (for Windows, for example, this is
jre\bin, and so on) under the local link library;
System.load(): Depending on the local directory to add the cross-link library, you must use an absolute path.
In the first step, Java calls the native C/C++ function; the format is not the same for both C and C++. For example, for Java methods such as non-passing parameters and returning a
String class, C and C++ code for the function differ in the following ways:
C code:
Call function:(*env) -> <jni function> (env, <parameters>) Return jstring:return (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, "XXX");
C++ code:
Call function:env -> <jni function> (<parameters>) Return jstring:return env->NewStringUTF("XXX");
in which
NewStringUTF are the Java
String object's functions generated in C/C++ provided by the JNI.
Java Methods and their Corresponding Relationship with the C Function Prototype Java
Earlier we said that in the code framework for Java programs to call a C/C++ function, you can use the
javah command, and this will generate the corresponding .h file for native methods according to the .class files. The .h file is generated in accordance with certain rules, so as to make the correct Java code find the corresponding C function to execute.
For example, for the following Java code for Android:
public class HelloJni extends Activity { public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { TextView tv.setText(stringFromJNI() ); // Use C function Code } public native String stringFromJNI(); }
For the C function
stringFromJNI() used in the fifth row, the function prototype in the .h file generated by
javah is:
JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL Java_com_example_hellojni_HelloJni_stringFromJNI (JNIEnv *, jobject);
In this regard, C source code files for the definition of the function code are roughly:
/* …… Signature: ()Ljava/lang/String; */ jstring Java_com_example_hellojni_HelloJni_stringFromJNI (JNIEnv* env, jobject this ) { …… return (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, "……"); }
From the above code, we can see that the function name is quite long, but still very regular, in full accordance with the naming convention:
java_package_class_method. That is: the
stringFromJNI() method in
Hello.java corresponds to the
Java_com_example_hellojni_HelloJni_stringFromJNI() method in C/C++.
Notice the comment for
Signature: ()Ljava/lang/String;. Here the "
()" of "
()Ljava/lang/String;" indicates the function parameter is empty, which means that besides the two parameters
JNIEnv * and
jobject, there are no other parameters.
JNIEnv * and
jobject are two parameters that all JNI functions must have, respectively, for the JNI environment and corresponding Java class (or object) itself. "
Ljava/lang/String;" indicates the function's return value is a Java
String object.


text:
KABUL, Afghanistan -- A gunman wearing an Afghan army uniform shot and killed a member of the U.S.-led coalition forces fighting in Afghanistan -- the latest in a spate of insider attacks that are fracturing the trust between NATO and Afghan forces.
Separately, officials said 11 Afghan civilians were killed by land mines on Sunday in the east and south.
The U.K. Ministry of Defense confirmed that the insider attack had claimed the life of a British soldier from The Royal Scots Borderers, 1st Battalion The Royal Regiment of Scotland. It said the soldier was shot by an individual wearing an Afghan army uniform at his base in the Nade-e Ali district of Helmand province.
The defense ministry did not name the serviceman but said his next of kin have been informed.
Mohammad Zarak, spokesman for the governor of southern Afghanistan's Helmand province, said the shooting took place in Nad Ali district after an argument between an Afghan soldier and coalition service members.
Coalition figures show at least 60 coalition servicemembers have been killed so far this year and others have been wounded in about 45 insider attacks, where members of the Afghan security forces or insurgents dressed in their uniforms turn their guns on U.S. and allied troops.
The insider attacks have raised questions about how effectively the allied forces can train the Afghans to take over security of their own country in 2014 and beyond. Foreign forces are due to turn over security responsibility to the local military by the end of 2014.
The spate of insider attacks has further undermined public support for the 11-year war in NATO countries and increased calls for earlier withdrawals.
In London, Gen. David Richards, head of Britain's armed forces, described the insider attacks as a "very effective" Taliban tactic.
"They're very good at playing on our minds because of the impact it has in the minds of (ordinary people) and many people who are of influence, including our politicians," Richard told the BBC's "Andrew Marr Show."
Meanwhile, roadside bomb killed three men, two women and a baby in Khost province of eastern Afghanistan, deputy provincial police chief Youqib Khan said. He said their vehicle hit the bomb as they were returning from a hospital.
Three other civilians were killed when their vehicle detonated a land mine on the road between Helmand and Kandahar provinces, a government statement said.
Also in the south, two civilians who were walking were killed by a land mine in Khakrez district of Kandahar province, said Ahmad Jawed Faisal, a spokesman for the provincial governor.
The United Nations says homemade bombs continue to be the weapons that kill the most civilians in the war.
-- Associated Press Writers Rahim Faiez, Mirwais Khan and Cassandra Vinograd contributed to this report.


text:
So basically what we have is a stupid old joke, where someone pretends it isn't a joke, and that in itself is a slightly less old, slightly less stupid joke - but not by much. It's like saying "speaking of giant whores, you know who's a giant whore? your MOM" and then waiting to the (hopefully brief) laughter to subside, and then saying "no but seriously, your mom is a whore, and I paid her to have sex with me. Frequently." It's like taking a stupid joke and saying "nope, i'm not just going to say this stupid thing and move on, I'm going to double down on it and pretend i really think the circumstances of the joke are true. Love me."
Ugh, and in addition to everything I just wrote, panel 3's wording just pisses me off: It should be 'I mean, sooner' or even just 'sooner.' The repetition of words 'kill you' makes it a lot worse, a lot more cumbersome with no benefit. Actually, xkcd did recently have an example of a half-decent final panel. In both cases, the last panel should be used to finish a sentence that we had thought was already over. The last few words are added to subvert the meaning of the first part. It works well in the g spot comic, in this one, by starting a new sentence Randall loses out on the benefit that phrasing could have given the comic.
Like most things in life, it reminded me of the simpsons, specifically, Season 4, episode 1, Kamp Krusty:
Obviously that version doesn't suck.In their subfreezing cold cabin, the children lie in their bunks
while the counselors head across the lake to ``meet some tail.''
Lisa: I feel like I'm gonna die, Bart.
Bart: We're all gonna die, Lis.
Lisa: I meant soon.
Bart: So did I.
Jay, are you posting next time? I don't even know what is going on anymore.
Have I mentioned that MS Paint Adventures is still really pissing me off? I think we've talked about this before, but the intermission is over and it is still true. The story is so convoluted and now is jumping around between so many people, so many times, and so many different interactions that I just want to give up. Maybe I will.