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Return to Georgia Rivers
Chattahoochee River
The Chattahoochee River originates from mountain springs, primarily Chattahoochee Spring, in the Chattahoochee National Forest in Habersham County. It flows southwestward, being joined by the Soque River and Chestatee River, eventually passing from the mountains into the piedmont area and flowing through Atlanta. Continuing its course, it flows through western Georgia, eventually becoming part of West Point Lake in Troup County on the Georgia/Alabama border. From there it flows southward, forming the Georgia/Alabama border, through Columbus, Georgia, before finally emptying into Lake Seminole, along with the Flint River. From Lake Seminole, the Apalachicola River flows southward through the panhandle of Florida into the Gulf of Mexico. The Chattahoochee River is Georgia's longest, at 436 miles.
Chattahoochee River (New Georgia Encyclopedia) Chattahoochee River (Georgia River Network) Upper Chattahoochee Riverkeeper Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (National Park Service) Chattahoochee Nature Center The Chattahoochee: A RIver of History (Columbus Museum) Chattahoochee River (SherpaGuide) Chattahoochee River (About North Georgia) Chattahoochee River Basin Watershed Protection Plan (Environmental Protection Division)


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Peaceable Kingdom is a company that makes some of the greatest games I've come across. The Peaceable Kingdom games both inspire cooperation, and cultivate kindness. When kids can play well together, they can play well in the world. I was very impressed with the Peaceable Kingdom games that we got to try and I was pretty impressed!
I'm doing preschool curriculum at home with my almost-5-year-old, and some of the Peaceable Kingdom games have been great to add to our curriculum and have helped my daughter out a lot! The Pair Up Numbers is really great for helping with number recognition, and encourages counting skills as well. Count the number of objects on one half of the puzzle, then find the corresponding number!
Pair Up Shapes is another great, easy to take anywhere game from Peaceable Kingdom that helps younger children develop skills, have fun, and learn all at the same time. Pair Up Shapes is great for helping kids with shape recognition as well as problem solving.
Princess Match Up Game & Puzzle is a great 2 in 1 game that any little girl will love. One side of these cards are matching sets of numbers. Place the numbers face down, turn over 2 at a time to try and find a match. If you don't have a match, turn them back over and try again! On the reverse side of the numbers are pieces that fit together to make a pretty large puzzle. With princesses, a castle, and even a unicorn, any little girl will love the puzzle while developing motor skills and having fun.
Cauldron Quest is a really fun cooperative game that anyone will enjoy playing. You can play with 2-4 players and work together to defeat the wizards spell. This game is great for teaching and reinforcing even and odd number recognition and also helps kids with strategy building. I played a few rounds with the kids to teach them how to play and I even had a lot of fun. Recommended age is 6 and up, but my daughter who will be 5 in a couple weeks understands the concept of the game. She's not able to play just yet but her brothers still found a way to include her and have her move the Wizard's hat when it needs to move. I love watching them communicate and work together to break the spell and win the game! (Don't mind the candy please…they had been really good kiddos all day so I let them have a small treat after dinner.)
Another super fun cooperative game from Peaceable Kingdom is The Fairy Game. Help the fairies save their garden before Mr. Winter can freeze the flowers. This is a really great game to teach younger kids how to work together to solve problems and make shared group decisions. I play The Fairy Game with my daughter a few times a day, I don't mind spending a little time helping her build that little brain of hers…she's even gotten one of her brothers to play along too! He doesn't exactly like the fairies, but he likes the idea of the game and enjoys spending time with his little sister.
These are just a very small selection of the amazing games that Peaceable Kingdom has to offer…make sure you check them out this holiday season!!
***I did not receive any financial compensation, simply the product free to me in exchange for my honest and unbiased opinion***

subset: commoncrawl


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Please log in to watch this conference skillscast.
In this talk I'll demonstrate how to integrate a curated selection of the latest & greatest technologies to develop a cutting edge Grails application that will be the envy of scenester developers everywhere. With vert.x for asynchronous server side code, websockets for pushing content to the browser, Angular for a slick one-page app experience & Phantom for headless end-to-end testing.
Grails for Hipsters
Robert Fletcher
Rob Fletcher has been developing web apps for 15 years. He's contributed to various open-source projects including Grails for which he worked on the core as well as developing a range of plugins.


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Product Overview
This Elephant Lamp Base is a novel way to add both light and whimsy to your little one's room. The delightful elephant shape provides a solid and stable resin base and pairs perfectly with The Peanutshell lamp shade of your choice. Mix and match bases and shades for your own custom look.
Product Details
- Requires 13 watt CFL bulb, Not included
- Size: 7"W x 4"D x 12"H
- Care: Wipe clean
- Lamp shades sold separately


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The Slashers #45: Boomstick
The Slashers #44: Battle Royale
Will it be a passing of the torch, or a kicking of the ass?
I received my t-shirts orders, and here's the first picture!
And they look pretty good! The only minor gripe however is that the ones that have many colors, like this one, are printed with a more cost effective method, and it kinda shows. The ones that have one or two colors are perfect and sturdy, but these ones, even though they are very cool and should last for a long time, I feel like I really should warn you that they are not of the same quality than, let's say, the one that only has Fred's face in white or black. But at the same time, it gives them a retro look that's more than fitting for the designs, they are sturdy enough, they're in full color, they're inexpensive and they help support the website!
So everyone who buys one, don't forget to send me pictures!
The Slashers #43: Monsieur Cannibale
The Slashers: all about bromance and shit getting REAL.
The Slashers #42: Locky Luke
Fredschach is still watching the men.
That sounded slightly inappropriate.
The Slashers #41: Nitrorawar
Just like the NWO and WCW, this won't end well and it won't be pretty.
The Slashers #40: Haddonfield Screwjob
The Slashers #39: But is he really dead? We're not telling!! End…
The people who have played or heard about the old school horror video games with these characters should understand the comic. I apologize to all the others.
The Slashers #38: Monster Party
The master plan is succeeding!
The Slashers #37: Three Horsemen
The story keeps unfolding…


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Introduction to Internet Programming with Perl and HTML: Part 3 – Introduction to Perl
This article is Part 3 of our series on Introduction to Internet Programming series. See the Introduction and Part 1, Introduction to HTML. The Introduction to Perl covers the basics of Perl, including how to write and debug simple scripts..
Perl is a computer programming language that is very good at
manipulating strings, doing pattern matches, and pretty much just
about everything else! It is a relatively slow language compared
to compiled languages like C, however it very easy to get programs
up and running very quickly in Perl.
Perl stands for "Practical Extraction and Reporting Language".
The why of this is that it was originally designed for analyzing
large text files and reporting on the results. Since then everything
you could want in a programming language, many things you don't
want or need, and the kitchen sink have also been added to Perl.
In this and the following lessons, we will talk about the basics of
using Perl and cover al lot of the common uses. We will not
cover advanced topics like references, object-oriented programming,
sockets, threads, etc. We will cover variables, files, basic syntax,
subroutines and functions, CGI extensions and some other basic functions.
After this course, you should have sufficient fluency in Perl to
write basic programs for making interactive web sites and a good
springboard for learning more Perl.
How do you RUN a Perl Program?
Just like in HTML, you write your Perl program using a text editor
and save it to a text file. The file name should (but doesn't have to)
end in .pl or .prl so that it is clear that this is a
Perl program. Then, how you run it depends on if you are using Windows or
In UNIX, you must make sure that the program is executable.
I.e. you may need to type something like "chmod u+x my_program.pl"
to make your my_program.pl executable. Then, to run it,
just type your script name at the command line and hit [Enter].
In Windows, if you have Perl installed, you can either 1. double click on
your file, or 2. open a command prompt window, change directory to where
you saved your Perl program, and then type perl my_program.pl to
run it (typing this will also work in UNIX).
On any operating system, there is a quick way to see if your program
has any obvious errors before you even run it. At your command prompt,
type "perl -cw my_program.pl". The -cw tells Perl to
compile your program and tell you any errors or warnings that it can think
of, without actually executing your program. If it doesn't say "Ok", then
there are problems you need to fix and messages that should help you
detect the problem.
Scalar Variables
Consider the following example…
Example 3.2.1: Hello World
#!/usr/bin/perl # My first program! print "Hello World!"; print "\n";
All Perl programs (that will run in UNIX or Linux) must have
as their first line "#!/usr/bin/perl". This is the
location on the computer where the Perl interpreter in located (the
program that reads YOUR program and executes it). The location
of Perl on your computer may differ from this, You can usually type
"whereis perl" at the UNIX command line to find our where
Perl is on your computer. Put the location you find after the "#!"
symbols as the first line of your program.
On lines other than the first line, the "#" symbol means
"begin a comment". Everything from this symbol to the end of the line
is ignored by Perl (just like everything between "<!-- ... -->"
demarks a comment in HTML). Use comments liberally when programming
Perl — this is a requirement! It helps you and anyone reading your program
understand what it is supposed to be doing.
The next line is the first "statement" in our program, a print
statement. Every statement should end in a semi-colon (";").
The print statement displays its parameters (everything after the
print) to the user. In this case, everything between the
double quotes is displayed to the user. For most cases, you should
use double quotes around the text that you want to display to the user.
The last line is also a print statement, but it prints something special,
the \n "character". In Perl, this means "newline" (like <br>
in HTML). It is usually nice to put such newlines after each line you print,
or else all our lines will run together and it won't look nice.
Example 3.2.2: Print Your Name
#!/usr/bin/perl # This program will print my name! $myname = "Erik Kangas"; print $myname, "\n";
This program introduces a new concept, that of the variable. Here
we have a variable named myname. We know it is a variable
because it is prefixed with the dollar sign, ("$").
We can store a value in a variable by using the equals sign. In this
case we store the name Erik Kangas in the variable. The name
is a piece of text. Whenever you use text in Perl, you must enclose it
in quotation marks, in this case, we use double quotes.
You can print multiple things all at once, if you separate them
with a comma (think of this as printing a list of things separated
by commas). We see that when we use $myname in the print
statement, the value stored in that variable is retrieved and printed.
So, it is EASY to store and retrieve values with variables, use "="
to store, and use the variable in place of text (or a number as we will see)
and its value will be retrieved.
Perl is also like HTML in that Perl doesn't care much how many spaces
or line feeds you use. As long as it can be logically deduced what you mean,
you can use as few or as many spaces as you want. If you make a mistake,
Perl will tell you when you try to run your program. The exception to
this is inside the quotation marks — every space and line feed there is
REAL, you are quoting exactly the text that you want to use. Inside
quotation marks, 2 spaces means 2 spaces, period.
Example 3.2.3: Number Variables
#!/usr/bin/perl # Using numbers in variables $x = 33.578; $y = "5"; print "$x, $y\n"; ## Prints "33.578, 5\n"
We can also store numbers in variables. With numbers, the quotation
marks are optional. When printing variables, you can put the variable
inside the double quotes and it will still retrieve and store
its value! As you can see, this simplifies your print statements.
(Technically, this is called variable interpolation).
Let's Do Math!
Perl, like any programming language, has a great facility for allowing you
to perform mathematics! Mathematics is performed using "operators". There
are a lot of operators, none of them are the following….
Binary "**" is the exponentiation operator.
It binds even more tightly than unary minus,
so -2**4 is -(2**4), not (-2)**4,
i.e. 2 to the power 4 (the negative of it all).
Unary Minus: The operator "-" returns -1
times the number it is operating on.
Multiplication: Binary "*" multiplies 2 numbers.
Division: Binary "/" divides 2 numbers.
Modulus: Binary "%" computes the modulus of two numbers.
Given integer operands
B: If
Bis positive, then
A % Bis
Aminus the largest multiple of
Bthat is not
greater than
A. If
Bis negative, then
A % Bis
Aminus the smallest multiple of
is not less than
A(i.e. the result will be less than or equal to
Addition: Binary "+" adds 2 numbers.
Subtraction: Binary "-" subtracts 2 numbers.
Concatentaion: Binary "." concatenates 2 strings (returns
one appended to the end of the other). This is not really "math", but this
is a good time to bring this one up…
These operations follow the same order of operations you are used
to from algebra. If you want to make sure that you perform a low
priority action (such as addition) before a high priority action (such
as multiplication), you must use parenthesis. The order of operations is,
from highest priority, to lowest:
Example 3.3.1: Order of Operations
** Exponentiation - Negation * / % Multiplication, Division, Modulus + - . Addition, Subtraction, Concatenation = Assignment
These operators can operate on explicit numbers or the numbers
stored in variables. For example:
Example 3.3.2: A Little Physics Please…
#!/usr/bin/perl # Calculate the vertical position of a projectile # launched from a position $y0 with a velocity $v0 # on Earth where we know the gravity, assuming that the projectile # is fired from ground level ($y0=0) and is airborne for a time $t. $g = 9.8; ## Gravitational Accel. 9.8 m/s**2 $y0 = 0.0; ## Launch from Y = 0 $v0 = 10.0; ## 10 meters / second in the Y direction $t = 5.0; ## 5 seconds in the air. $y1 = $y0 + $v0 * $t - 0.5 * $g * $t ** 2; print "The projectile traveled ", ($y1 - $y0), " meters\n";
Here we see the use of comments and the need to initialize all of your
variables before you try to use them (if you fail to give a variable
a value, it will behave as if it had a value of zero in your math). We
also see how we can use many of the operators to perform a mathematical
calculation, store the result in $x1 and print the result. Also,
note that you can perform calculation in the middle of trying to print!
Perl performs all calculations before passing the list of things to
print or any other function you may be using.
Example 3.3.3: More Math
#!/usr/bin/perl # # This is an example of performing more # complex mathematical calculations... # $a = 5; $b = 25; $c = - ($b - $a) * ($b + $a); # (25 - 5)(25 + 5) => 600 $c = $c + 1 + $a**( ($b-1)/12 ); # 600 + 1 + 5 ** ( (25-1)/12 ) print "The result is '$c'\n"; # String concatenation... $string = "ABCDEFG"; $string2 = $string1 . "-" . $string2; print "$string2\n"; ## print "ABCDEFG-ABCDEFG\n";
Here we show the necessity of the use of parenthesis if you need to
make sure some calculations happen before others. You also see that
you can use the same variable on both sides of the equals sign, i.e.
$x = $x + 1 does what you would expect, it results in $x
becoming larger by 1. The last part of the example shows how we can
use the string concatenation operator to make bind strings of text
out of little ones.
User Input
The examples above are great, but they suffer from the central
problem that you are "hard-coding" the parameters inside the program
itself – to calculate something different, you need to change the
program. It would be much better if we could ask the user for
the parameters, so the programs would be much more generally useful!
That's what we do here….
Example 3.4.1: A Little More Physics Please…
#!/usr/bin/perl # We will ask the user for the parameters, so we better # TELL the user what we are doing and what he needs to type, # that's only fair! print "The program calculates the vertical position of a projectile\n"; print "That has an initial Y velocity v0, and which is in the air\n"; print "for t seconds. Please supply values for these parameters:\n"; print "Enter v0: "; ## Note, no \n here.... $v0 = <STDIN>; ## Read a LINE of input from the user chomp($v0); ## Delete the \n at the end of the line. print "Enter t: "; ## Note, no \n here.... $t = <STDIN>; ## Read a LINE of input from the user chomp($t); ## Delete the \n at the end of the line. $g = 9.8; ## Gravitational Accel. 9.8 m/s**2 $dy = $v0 * $t - 0.5 * $g * $t ** 2; print "The projectile is a position y=$dy\n";
Wow! Now we have a real program! When we run this it
will be truly interactive and useful! There are two new concepts
here. Assigning a variable from the symbol "<STDIN>"
causes Perl to read a line of input from the user. The entire line,
including the "Enter" key (a \n) is then stored in your
variable. So, if the user types in "55.3[Enter]", your
string will be "55.3\n". To eliminate the unneeded \n
from the input we use the function chomp, which eats all \n
it finds in your string (note that chomp changes
your string in place and doesn't return your string, so
you don't want "$x = chmop($x)" — that would not do
the right thing. Stick with "chomp($x)".).
Note: STDIN must be in all caps.
Use of input in this way is very good for writing Perl programs
that you run from the command line, but will bot be useful
later when we start getting our input from the Internet.
Details, Details
Here we talk about details and things to watch our for.
Debugging: At this point, finding errors in your programs
consists of just running the program and seeing if it works. Here are some tips:
- If your program is running and you want to stop it, press Control-C,
i.e. press both of these keys at the same time.
- If you are getting errors, first make sure that you have semi-colons,
";", at the end of all the lines! Then make sure that if you
use quotation marks, that you have quotes on BOTH sides of your string.
- If Perl is complaining about some particular line, there is also a good
chance that the error is actual happening on the previous line.
- Everything in Perl is case sensitive, unlike in HTML. So,
$MyVariable is completely DIFFERENT from $myvariable.
Same goes for the functions, there is no function Print, only
- Variable names must begin with a letter and can contain only
letters, numbers, and the underscore character ("_"). They
can be of almost any length. The names ARE case sensitive.
You cannot have any space between the dollar sign prefix to the
variable name and the variable name itself. I.e. "$ x"
is incorrect.
Quotation marks: So far, we have just used double quotes for all
text. You can also use single quotes, i.e. "$x = 'Super Duper!'".
The difference is that if you use single quotes, the contents of any
variables inside the quotes will not be retrieved, and "\n"
will not become a linefeed. Instead, these things will be used as-is.
I.e. "print '$x';" will print the two characters dollar sign and
x, and not the contents of $x. If you ARE using double quotes and
you want to print a dollar sign or a backslash ("\") or other
special character, you must prefix the special character with a backslash.
So, "\$x" is the same as '$x'. This allows you to
mix substitutions and explicit stuff with "The price of
$item is \$5.50\n".
Your Homework
Your homework consists of the writing of 2 simple Perl programs:
- Write a MadLib with at least 8 blanks to fill in. I.e. Think of
a paragraph of text, remove 8 or more of the words (i.e. a noun, a verb,
someone's name, etc.). Prompt the user for each of these 8 words, telling
him what it is for ("Give me an action verb ", "Give me the name of a person ",
etc.). Store these answers in variables, then print out your paragraph
to the user with his answers substituted for the words you removed. The
result can be very funny, since the user shouldn't know what the paragraph
will say ahead of time! For an example of this, see
Caesar Madlib — yours should be completely different.
- Write a program the calculates the length of the hypotenuse of a
right triangle. You should ask the user for the lengths of the legs of
the triangle before you make the calculation. You will find the function
sqrt useful. This returns the square root of its argument, i.e.
" $r = sqrt($x); " assigns the square root of $x to
$r, and "print sqrt(9);" prints 3.
Similar Posts:
- Introduction to Internet Programming: Part 5 – Perl Data Part I – Lists
- Introduction to Internet Programming with Perl and HTML: Part 2 – Introduction to Programming Concepts
- Introduction to Internet Programming with Perl and HTML: Part 4 – Basic Perl Flow-Control Syntax
- Introduction to Internet Programming Part 6: Perl Data Part II – Hashes
- Introduction to Internet Programming with Perl and HTML: Part 1 – Introduction to HTML


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Please feel free to give us a call if you are a trade account and we can send you out our standard terms and conditions paperwork which we ask to be sent back. From this we can set you up with a trade discount that can be applied during the web process or applied when ordering on the phone.
We have a fleet of delivery vehicles from arctics through to a fleet of vans and can accommodate most deliveries within our 10 day window or sooner if required.
Please feel free to get in touch with any bulk type orders at firstname.lastname@example.com for about our more competitive about our rates.
To apply for a trade account with us please download this form, complete and return to us at firstname.lastname@example.com


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We know that sometimes you straggle to get a gift that you will present to a loved one on that special occasion. Kendirita Tours and Travel has made it easier for you by offering you gift vouchers for the services we offer. The voucher ranges from lunch, dinner, full board accommodation, honeymoon package, domestic and international tickets, travel insurance, airport transfer, family package and many more.
These vouchers are ideal for just about anyone, anywhere, anytime. Whether for special occasions or for no reason at all, our gift vouchers will make it easy for you as you receive that smile of thank you. The vouchers come in varying amounts tailored to suit every pocket.
Get in touch with us and we will discuss and tailor make one that meets your budget and need
Terms and Conditions
These terms and conditions shall govern Kendirita Tours and Travel Ltd Gift Voucher Program.
- Gift vouchers are non-refundable.
- Gift vouchers are transferrable.
- Kendirita Tours and Travel gift voucher may only be redeemed by contacting us via email, phone, through the website or walking into our offices.
- Gift vouchers can only be redeemed in the currency of issue.
- Gift vouchers are not replaceable if lost, stolen, or destroyed.
- A gift voucher is VOID if altered or obtained fraudulently.
- A gift voucher is only issued once payment is completed.
- Kendirita Tours and Travel Limited reserves the right, and holder or purchaser of the voucher agrees, that Kendirita Tours and Travel Limited may at any time change the terms of the program or contract with another third party to administer gift voucher program.
- A Kendirita Tours and Travel gift voucher may not be resold by any unlicensed vendor; unlawful resale or attempted resale is grounds for seizure and cancellation of the gift voucher without compensation.
- Any unused gift voucher balances will be credit shelled. If the ticket price is less than the value of the gift voucher, the balance will remain on the card subject to validity until it is decreased to zero, at which time the voucher will be deactivated.
- Gift vouchers are valid for 6 months from the voucher issue date and the validity of the gift vouchers cannot be extended.
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- Gift vouchers can be used to redeem any of the services that we offer.
- A gift voucher will not be redeemed or exchanged for cash, cheque or credit.
- A gift voucher that has been redeemed for travel is not refundable.
Except as otherwise provided by applicable law, these terms & conditions shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of Kenya and any dispute arising out of or in connection with this contract and these terms & conditions shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Kenyan Courts.


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Background: The aim of this study was to survey the relative importance of postoperative recovery targets and perioperative care items, as perceived by a large group of international dedicated professionals.
Methods: A questionnaire with eight postoperative recovery targets and 13 perioperative care items was mailed to participants of the first international Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) congress and to authors of papers with a clear relevance to ERAS in abdominal surgery. The responders were divided into categories according to profession and region.
Results: The recovery targets 'To be completely free of nausea', 'To be independently mobile' and 'To be able to eat and drink as soon as possible' received the highest score irrespective of the responder's profession or region of origin. Equally, the care items 'Optimizing fluid balance', 'Preoperative counselling' and 'Promoting early and scheduled mobilisation' received the highest score across all groups.
Conclusions: Functional recovery, as in tolerance of food without nausea and regained mobility, was considered the most important target of recovery. There was a consistent uniformity in the way international dedicated professionals scored the relative importance of recovery targets and care items. The relative rating of the perioperative care items was not dependent on the strength of evidence supporting the items.
We reviewed systematically sugammadex vs neostigmine for reversing neuromuscular blockade. We included 17 randomised controlled trials with 1553 participants. Sugammadex reduced all signs of residual postoperative paralysis, relative risk (95% CI) 0.46 (0.29-0.71), p=0.0004 and minor respiratory events, relative risk (95% CI) 0.51 (0.32-0.80), p=0.0034. There was no difference in critical respiratory events, relative risk (95% CI) 0.13 (0.02-1.06), p=0.06. Sugammadex reduced drug-related side-effects, relative risk (95% CI) 0.72 (0.54-0.95), p=0.02. There was no difference in the rate of postoperative nausea or the rate of postoperative vomiting, relative risk (95% CI) 0.94 (0.79-1.13), p=0.53, and 0.87 (0.65-1.17), p=0.36 respectively.
A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the fucK gene was developed for specific detection of Haemophilus influenzae. The method was tested on sputum and nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) from 78 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). With a reference standard of sputum culture and/or serology against the patient's own nasopharyngeal isolate, H. influenzae etiology was detected in 20 patients. Compared with the reference standard, fucK PCR (using the detection limit 10(5) DNA copies/mL) on sputum and NPA showed a sensitivity of 95.0% (19/20) in both cases, and specificities of 87.9% (51/58) and 89.5% (52/58), respectively. In a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, sputum fucK PCR was found to be significantly superior to sputum P6 PCR for detection of H. influenzae CAP. NPA fucK PCR was positive in 3 of 54 adult controls without respiratory symptoms. In conclusion, quantitative fucK real-time PCR provides a sensitive and specific identification of H. influenzae in respiratory secretions.
Introduction: Removable partial dentures (PRD) are among the treatment options available for partially edentulous patients. The usage of RPD and patient satisfaction with the prosthesis relates to Oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL).
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of RPDs, satisfaction with the prostheses as well as OHRQoL in patients provided with a RPD in general practice. A further aim was to identify possible factors related to RPD usage, patient satisfaction and OHRQoL.
Material and method: A cross-sectional survey study, utilizing a questionnaire regarding patient satisfaction with different aspects of the participants RPD, the Swedish version of OHIP-14 questionnaire and the usage of the prosthesis.
Results: A majority of respondents, (83.6%) reported that they used their prosthesis daily or often. The overall satisfaction rate among respondents was 83.0% with 39.3% stating that they were highly satisfied with the prosthesis and the mean OHIP- 14 score was 8.5, SD 10.2. The chewing ability was reported to be improved by 58.9% but impairment in chewing was reported by 26.8%. Pain from supporting teeth and soft tissue, sociodemographic factors and dissatisfaction with pre-treatment information and personal treatment were associated with not using the RPD.
Conclusions: In the present study, treatment with RPD was in most patients associated with improvement in chewing and appearance. Insufficient pretreatment information, perception of treatment and pain from supporting tissue was associated with reduced use of and satisfaction with the RPD.
Introduction: Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PA) is an important and growing issue in the care of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and a major cause of morbidity and mortality.
Objective: The objective of the study was to describe the frequency of MDR-PA recovered from the lower respiratory samples of pediatric and adult CF patients, and its antibiotic resistance pattern to commonly used antimicrobial agents including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones.
Materials and Methods: The lower respiratory isolates of P. aeruginosa were obtained from inpatients and outpatients CF clinics from a tertiary care teaching hospital for the period from October 2014 to September 2015. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility for all the isolates were performed by using the BD Phoenix (TM) and E-test in compliance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.
Results: A total of 61 P. aeruginosa samples were isolated from thirty CF patients from twenty families. Twelve sputum samples were positive for MDR-PA (seven nonmucoid and five mucoid isolates) from five CF patients (five families) with moderate-to-very severe lung disease given MDR-PA frequency of 19.7%. The median age of the study group was 20 (range 10-30) years. Three CF patients were on chronic inhaled tobramycin and two on nebulized colistin. The antimicrobial patterns of isolates MDR-PA showed the highest rate of resistance toward each gentamycin, amikacin, and cefepime (100%), followed by 91.7% to ciprofloxacin, 75% to tobramycin, 58.3% to meropenem, and 50% to piperacillin-tazobactam. None of the isolates were resistant to colistin during the study period.
Conclusion: The study results emphasize that the emergence of a significant problem in the clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in CF patients that dictate appropriate attention to the antibiotic management after proper surveillance.
INTRODUCTION: The role of microbial translocation (MT) in HIV patients living with HIV from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is not fully known. The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the patterns of MT in patients from Vietnam, Ethiopia and Sweden.
METHODS: Cross-sectional samples were obtained from treatment-naïve patients living with HIV-1 and healthy controls from Vietnam (n=83; n=46), Ethiopia (n=9492; n=50) and Sweden (n=51; n=19). Longitudinal samples were obtained from a subset of the Vietnamese (n=24) in whom antiretroviral therapy (ART) and tuberculostatics were given. Plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS), sCD14 and anti-flagellin IgG were determined by the endpoint chromogenic Limulus Amebocyte Assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS: All three biomarkers were significantly increased in patients living with HIV-1 from all countries as compared to controls. No differences were found between males and females. Vietnamese and Ethiopian patients had significantly higher levels of anti-flagellin IgG and LPS, as compared to Swedes. ART reduced these levels for the Vietnamese. Vietnamese patients given tuberculostatics at initiation of ART had significantly lower levels of anti-flagellin IgG and higher sCD14. The biomarkers were lower in Vietnamese who did not develop opportunistic infection.
CONCLUSIONS: Higher MT is common in patients living with HIV compared to healthy individuals, and in patients from LMICs compared to patients from a high-income country. Treatment with tuberculostatics decreased MT while higher levels of MT are associated with a poorer clinical outcome.
BACKGROUND: Formation of an HIV-1 particle with a conical core structure is a prerequisite for the subsequent infectivity of the virus particle. We have previously described that glycineamide (G-NH2) when added to the culture medium of infected cells induces non-infectious HIV-1 particles with aberrant core structures.
RESULTS: Here we demonstrate that it is not G-NH2 itself but a metabolite thereof that displays antiviral activity. We show that conversion of G-NH2 to its antiviral metabolite is catalyzed by an enzyme present in bovine and porcine but surprisingly not in human serum. Structure determination by NMR suggested that the active G-NH2 metabolite was alpha-hydroxy-glycineamide (alpha-HGA). Chemically synthesized alpha-HGA inhibited HIV-1 replication to the same degree as G-NH2, unlike a number of other synthesized analogues of G-NH2 which had no effect on HIV-1 replication. Comparisons by capillary electrophoresis and HPLC of the metabolite with the chemically synthesized alpha-HGA further confirmed that the antiviral G-NH2-metabolite indeed was alpha-HGA.
CONCLUSION: alpha-HGA has an unusually simple structure and a novel mechanism of antiviral action. Thus, alpha-HGA could be a lead for new antiviral substances belonging to a new class of anti-HIV drugs, i.e. capsid assembly inhibitors.
Upon maturation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virion, proteolytic cleavage of the Gag precursor protein by the viral protease is followed by morphological changes of the capsid protein p24, which will ultimately transform the virus core from an immature spherical to a mature conical structure. Virion infectivity is critically dependent on the optimal semistability of the capsid cone structure. We have reported earlier that glycineamide (G-NH(2)), when added to the culture medium of infected cells, inhibits HIV-1 replication and that HIV-1 particles with aberrant core structures were formed. Here we show that it is not G-NH(2) itself but a metabolite thereof, alpha-hydroxy-glycineamide (alpha-HGA), that is responsible for the antiviral activity. We show that alpha-HGA inhibits the replication of clinical HIV-1 isolates with acquired resistance to reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors but has no effect on the replication of any of 10 different RNA and DNA viruses. alpha-HGA affected the ability of the HIV-1 capsid protein to assemble into tubular or core structures in vitro and in vivo, probably by binding to the hinge region between the N- and C-terminal domains of the HIV-1 capsid protein as indicated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry results. As an antiviral compound, alpha-HGA has an unusually simple structure, a pronounced antiviral specificity, and a novel mechanism of antiviral action. As such, it might prove to be a lead compound for a new class of anti-HIV substances.
Blood centers are faced with many challenges including maximizing production yield from the blood product donations they receive as well as ensuring the highest possible level of safety for transfusion patients, including protection from transfusion transmitted diseases. This must be accomplished in a fiscally responsible manner which minimizes operating expenses including consumables, equipment, waste, and personnel costs, among others.
Several methods are available to produce platelet concentrates for transfusion. One of the most common is the buffy coat method in which a single therapeutic platelet unit (>= 2.0 x10(11) platelets per unit or per local regulations) is prepared by pooling the buffy coat layer from up to six whole blood donations. A procedure for producing "double dose" whole blood derived platelets has only recently been developed.
Presented here is a novel method for preparing double dose whole blood derived platelet concentrates from pools of 7 buffy coats and subsequently treating the double dose units with the INTERCEPT Blood System for pathogen inactivation. INTERCEPT was developed to inactivate viruses, bacteria, parasites, and contaminating donor white cells which may be present in donated blood. Pairing INTERCEPT with the double dose buffy coat method by utilizing the INTERCEPT Processing Set with Dual Storage Containers (the "DS set"), allows blood centers to treat each of their double dose units in a single pathogen inactivation processing set, thereby maximizing patient safety while minimizing costs. The double dose buffy coat method requires fewer buffy coats and reduces the use of consumables by up to 50% (e.g. pooling sets, filter sets, platelet additive solution, and sterile connection wafers) compared to preparation and treatment of single dose buffy coat platelet units. Other cost savings include less waste, less equipment maintenance, lower power requirements, reduced personnel time, and lower collection cost compared to the apheresis technique.
Bakgrund: Sepsis är ett allvarligt tillstånd som är vanligt förekommande och medför en hög riskför mortalitet. Trots den vanliga förekomsten råder en stor okunnighet om tillståndet. I många århar olika markörer på akutmottagningen studerats, för att ta reda på vilka markörer som äreffektivast på att förutsäga en patients sjukdomsutveckling och utfall. Det finns än idag en storoenighet bland forskare om vilka markörer som är bäst. Laktat, andningsfrekvens (RR;respiratory rate) och base excess (BE) har använts som prognostiska markörer tidigare, menvilken av dem som är bäst är okänt. För behandling av sepsis finns det riktlinjer som säger attantibiotika bör administreras inom en timme efter ankomst till akutmottagningen. Det har visatsig vara avgörande för prognosen hur snabbt antibiotika sätts in.
Syfte: Att jämföra det prognostiska värdet hos laktat med respirationsfrekvens (RR) med Baseexcess(BE) i blodet, samt att undersöka hur väl de nationella riktlinjerna för initial behandling avsepsis har följts och vilken inverkan på patientutfall detta har.
Metod: En retrospektiv journalgranskningsstudie gjordes på alla patienter som har vårdats försepsis på IVA på Universitetssjukhuset Örebro under perioden juli 2017 – juli 2018. Utav totalt 62patienter som selekterades ur ett sepsisregister kunde 50 stycken inkluderas i undersökningen.Studiepopulationen indelades i två grupper: mortalitet inom 30 dagar eller ej.
Resultat: Av de inkluderade 50 patienterna avled 12 stycken (24%) och 38 stycken (76%)utvecklade septisk chock, 42 stycken (88 %) fick vätska administrerat inom 1 h och 26 stycken (52%) fick antibiotika inom 1 h. Mann Whitney U-test visade att fördelningen av laktatvärden (p =0,166), andningsfrekvensvärden (p = 0,059) och base excess-nivåer (p = 0,077) hos gruppen meddödsfall inom 30 dagar jämfört med gruppen utan dödsfall inom 30 dagar inte var statistisktsignifikanta. Log rank test visade: laktat > 4 mmol/l (p = 0,136), RR ≥ 30/min (p = 0,037), BE < -3mmol/l (p = 0,802), antibiotika administrerat inom 1 h (p = 0,636).
Slutsats: Andningsfrekvens var en bättre prognostisk markör på akutmottagningen än laktat ochbase excess. En otillfredsställande låg andel av patienterna fick antibiotika inom en timme efterankomst till akutmottagningen. Administrering av antibiotika inom en timme efter ankomst tillakutmottagning visade sig inte vara avgörande för prognosen.
Introduction: The incidence of hyperthyroidism has been reported in various countries to be 23-93/100000 inhabitants per year. This extended study has evaluated the incidence for similar to 40% of the Swedish population of 9 million inhabitants. Sweden is considered to be iodine sufficient country. Methods:All patients including children, who were newly diagnosed with overt hyperthyroidism in the years 2003-2005, were prospectively registered in a multicenter study. The inclusion criteria are as follows:clinical symptoms and/or signs of hyperthyroidism with plasma TSH concentration below 0.2 mIE/l and increased plasma levels of free/total triiodothyronine and/or free/total thyroxine. Patients with relapse of hyperthyroidism or thyroiditis were not included. The diagnosis of Graves' disease (GD), toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG) and solitary toxic adenoma (STA), smoking, initial treatment, occurrence of thyroid-associated eye symptoms/signs, and demographic data were registered. Results:A total of 2916 patients were diagnosed with de novo hyperthyroidism showing the total incidence of 27.6/100 000 inhabitants per year. The incidence of GD was 21.0/100 000 and toxic nodular goiter (TNG=STA+TMNG) occurred in 692 patients, corresponding to an annual incidence of 6.5/100 000. The incidence was higher in women compared with men (4.2:1). Seventy-five percent of the patients were diagnosed with GD, in whom thyroid-associated eye symptoms/signs occurred during diagnosis in every fifth patient. Geographical differences were observed. Conclusion:The incidence of hyperthyroidism in Sweden is in a lower range compared with international reports. Seventy-five percent of patients with hyperthyroidism had GD and 20% of them had thyroid-associated eye symptoms/signs during diagnosis. The observed geographical differences require further studies.
Background Low total diversity of the gut microbiota during the first year of life is associated with allergic diseases in infancy, but little is known how early microbial diversity is related to allergic disease later in school age. Objective To assess microbial diversity and characterize the dominant bacteria in stool during the first year of life in relation to the prevalence of different allergic diseases in school age, such as asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) and eczema. Methods The microbial diversity and composition was analysed with barcoded 16S rDNA 454 pyrosequencing in stool samples at 1week, 1month and 12months of age in 47 infants which were subsequently assessed for allergic disease and skin prick test reactivity at 7years of age (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT01285830). Results Children developing asthma (n=8) had a lower diversity of the total microbiota than non-asthmatic children at 1week (P=0.04) and 1month (P=0.003) of age, whereas allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (n=13), eczema (n=12) and positive skin prick reactivity (n=14) at 7years of age did not associate with the gut microbiota diversity. Neither was asthma associated with the microbiota composition later in infancy (at 12months). Children having IgE-associated eczema in infancy and subsequently developing asthma had lower microbial diversity than those that did not. There were no significant differences, however, in relative abundance of bacterial phyla and genera between children with or without allergic disease. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance Low total diversity of the gut microbiota during the first month of life was associated with asthma but not ARC in children at 7years of age. Measures affecting microbial colonization of the infant during the first month of life may impact asthma development in childhood.
Background: It is debated whether a low total diversity of the gut microbiota in early childhood is more important than an altered prevalence of particular bacterial species for the increasing incidence of allergic disease. The advent of powerful, cultivation-free molecular methods makes it possible to characterize the total microbiome down to the genus level in large cohorts.
Objective: We sought to assess microbial diversity and characterize the dominant bacteria in stool during the first year of life in relation to atopic eczema development.
Methods: Microbial diversity and composition were analyzed with barcoded 16S rDNA 454-pyrosequencing in stool samples at 1 week, 1 month, and 12 months of age in 20 infants with IgE-associated eczema and 20 infants without any allergic manifestation until 2 years of age (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT01285830).
Results: Infants with IgE-associated eczema had a lower diversity of the total microbiota at 1 month (P = .004) and a lower diversity of the bacterial phylum Bacteroidetes and the genus Bacteroides at 1 month (P = .02 and P = .01) and the phylum Proteobacteria at 12 months of age (P = .02). The microbiota was less uniform at 1 month than at 12 months of age, with a high interindividual variability. At 12 months, when the microbiota had stabilized, Proteobacteria, comprising gram-negative organisms, were more abundant in infants without allergic manifestation (Empirical Analysis of Digital Gene Expression in R [edgeR] test: P = .008, q = 0.02).
Conclusion: Low intestinal microbial diversity during the first month of life was associated with subsequent atopic eczema.
Background: Supplementation with the probioticLactobacillus reuteri reduced the incidence of IgE-associated allergic disease in infancy. This treatment might therefore also reduce the risk of asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in school age.
Objective: To evaluate whether perinatal and infant supplementation withL.reuteri reduced the prevalence of respiratory allergic disease in school age and to explore whether this supplementation was associated with any long-term side effects.
Methods: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial with oral supplementation withL.reuteriATCC 55730 (1x10(8)CFU) during the last month of gestation and through the first year of life comprising 232 families with allergic disease, of whom 184 completed a 7-yr follow-up. The primary outcomes at 7yr of age were allergic disease and skin prick test reactivity (ClinicalTrials.govID NCT01285830).
Results: The prevalence of asthma (15% in the probiotic vs. 16% in placebo group), allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (27% vs. 20%), eczema (21% vs. 19%) and skin prick test reactivity (29% vs. 26%) was similar in the probiotic and placebo group. Growth indices and gastrointestinal symptoms were similar in the two groups. No severe adverse events were reported.
Conclusion: The effect ofL.reuteri on sensitization andIgE-associated eczema in infancy did not lead to a lower prevalence of respiratory allergic disease in school age. Thus, the effect ofL.reuteri on the immune system seems to be transient. Administration ofL.reuteri during the last weeks of gestation and in infancy was not associated with any long-term side effects.
We have previously shown that gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles are promising candidates to be used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging applications. In this study, these nanoparticles were investigated in a cellular system, as possible probes for visualization and targeting intended for bioimaging applications. We evaluated the impact of the presence of Gd2O3 nanoparticles on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from human neutrophils, by means of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Three sets of Gd2O3 nanoparticles were studied, i.e. as synthesized, dialyzed and both PEG-functionalized and dialyzed Gd2O3 nanoparticles. In addition, neutrophil morphology was evaluated by fluorescent staining of the actin cytoskeleton and fluorescence microscopy. We show that surface modification of these nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol (PEG) is essential in order to increase their biocompatibility. We observed that the as synthesized nanoparticles markedly decreased the ROS production from neutrophils challenged with prey (opsonized yeast particles) compared to controls without nanoparticles. After functionalization and dialysis, more moderate inhibitory effects were observed at a corresponding concentration of gadolinium. At lower gadolinium concentration the response was similar to that of the control cells. We suggest that the diethylene glycol (DEG) present in the as synthesized nanoparticle preparation is responsible for the inhibitory effects on the neutrophil oxidative burst. Indeed, in the present study we also show that even a low concentration of DEG, 0.3%, severely inhibits neutrophil function. In summary, the low cellular response upon PEG-functionalized Gd2O3 nanoparticle exposure indicates that these nanoparticles are promising candidates for MR-imaging purposes.
Introduction: The 2018 Global Meningococcal Initiative (GMI) meeting focused on evolving invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) epidemiology, surveillance, and protection strategies worldwide, with emphasis on emerging antibiotic resistance and protection of high-risk populations. The GMI is comprised of a multidisciplinary group of scientists and clinicians representing institutions from several continents.
Areas covered: Given that the incidence and prevalence of IMD continually varies both geographically and temporally, and surveillance systems differ worldwide, the true burden of IMD remains unknown. Genomic alterations may increase the epidemic potential of meningococcal strains. Vaccination and (to a lesser extent) antimicrobial prophylaxis are the mainstays of IMD prevention. Experiences from across the globe advocate the use of conjugate vaccines, with promising evidence growing for protein vaccines. Multivalent vaccines can broaden protection against IMD. Application of protection strategies to high-risk groups, including individuals with asplenia, complement deficiencies and human immunodeficiency virus, laboratory workers, persons receiving eculizumab, and men who have sex with men, as well as attendees at mass gatherings, may prevent outbreaks. There was, however, evidence that reduced susceptibility to antibiotics was increasing worldwide.
Expert commentary: The current GMI global recommendations were reinforced, with several other global initiatives underway to support IMD protection and prevention.
BACKGROUND: Acute superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion leads to acute intestinal ischemia and is associated with high mortality. Early diagnosis is often missed, and confounding factors leading to diagnostic delays need to be highlighted.
OBJECTIVES: To identify potential diagnostic laboratory pitfalls at admission in patients with acute SMA occlusion.
METHODS: Fifty-five patients with acute SMA occlusion were identified from the in-hospital register during a 4-year period, 2005-2009.
RESULTS: The median age was 76 years; 78% were women. The occlusion was embolic in 53% and thrombotic in 47% of patients. At admission, troponin I was above the clinical decision level (> 0.06 μg/L) for acute ischemic myocardial injury in 9/19 (47%) patients with embolic occlusion. Elevated pancreas amylase and normal plasma lactate were found in 12/45 and 13/27, respectively. A troponin I (TnI) above the clinical decision level was associated with a high frequency of referrals from the general surgeon to a specialist in internal medicine (p = 0.011) or a cardiologist (p = 0.024). The diagnosis was established after computed tomography angiography in 98% of the patients. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 33%. Attempting intestinal revascularization (n = 43; p < 0.001), with a 95% frequency rate of completion control of the vascular procedure, was associated with a higher survival rate, whereas referral to the cardiologist was associated with a higher mortality rate (p = 0.018).
CONCLUSION: Elevated TnI was common in acute SMA occlusion, and referral to the cardiologist was found to be associated with adverse outcome. Elevated pancreas amylase and normal plasma lactate values are also potential pitfalls at admission in patients with acute SMA occlusion.
Clinical diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia is difficult. The aim of this review is to provide current status on the search for an accurate plasma biomarker for acute mesenteric ischemia. A search using the medical subject heading terms marker and mesenteric ischemia or intestinal ischemia or superior mesenteric artery occlusion or mesenteric venous thrombosis in the Medline and Embase databases from 1980 to 2011. Studies without a control group or a control group consisted of healthy individuals (human studies), or studies on intestinal reperfusion were excluded. Twenty animal and twelve human studies were identified. In human studies, the studied series of patients had a control group that had a need of laparotomy (n = 2), suspected acute mesenteric ischemia (n = 7), acute abdomen (n = 2) or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (n = 1). D: -dimer has been found to be the most consistent highly sensitive early marker, but specificity was low. The follow-up study on α-glutathione S-transferase yielded inferior sensitivity and accuracy than the preliminary study, clearly questioning the value of this marker. Intestinal fatty acid binding globulin (I-FABP) and D: -lactate are both interesting markers, but the results were conflicting. Different cut-off levels have been used in the studies on I-FABP. The encouraging preliminary result of cobalt-albumin and urinary FABP as an accurate marker needs to be addressed in other study populations. The early clinical and laboratory diagnosis of intestinal ischemia remains a challenge. None of the proposed plasma-derived tests for acute mesenteric ischemia has as yet entered routine clinical practice. The proposed biomarkers need to be evaluated in a prospective clinical research project in patients with acute abdomen.
BACKGROUND: Plasma markers for intestinal ischemia have not proven to be accurate. The value of L-lactate is unclear. Experimental models based on open surgery confound the effects of surgical trauma with that of ischemia. The aim was to create an endovascular model for acute superior mesenteric artery thromboembolism, and then to study L-lactate and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) activity in plasma and peritoneal fluid in pigs with extensive, high-grade intestinal ischemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine pigs underwent full superior mesenteric artery embolization with 4 h of intended intestinal ischemia, whereas six were control animals. Sampling of central venous and arterial blood was performed throughout the experiment, ending with laparotomy to collect peritoneal fluid and segmental intestinal biopsies. A pathologist, blinded to the performed interventions, graded the ischemic lesions. RESULTS: There were no differences in plasma L-lactate (P = 0.61) or LD activity levels (P = 0.69), measured at different time points from baseline to end of study, between animals with extensive, high-grade intestinal ischemia and sham. Intraperitoneal L-Lactate (P = 0.005) and LD activity (P = 0.018) levels were elevated compared with sham. There were differences in grades of ischemia in the duodenum (P = 0.003), small intestine (P < 0.001), proximal (P < 0.001), and sigmoid (P = 0.032) colon between experimental animals and sham. The grade of small bowel ischemia (n = 15) correlated to intraperitoneal fluid L-lactate (r = 0.80; P < 0.001) and LD activity levels (r = 0.72; P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: This endovascular study in a porcine model showed that L-lactate and LD activity levels in peritoneal fluid, not in plasma, reflect intestinal ischemia. The study suggests that plasma L-lactate not is a useful early marker in patients with suspicion of intestinal ischemia.
AimLasers and non-coherent intense pulse light sources (IPLS) are based on the principle of selective photothermolysis and can be used for the treatment of many vascular skin lesions. A variety of lasers has been developed for the treatment of congenital and acquired vascular lesions which incorporate these concepts into their design. Although laser and light sources are very popular due to their non-invasive nature, caution should be considered by practitioners and patients to avoid permanent side-effects. The aim of these guidelines is to give evidence-based recommendations for the use of lasers and IPLS in the treatment of vascular lesions. MethodsThese guidelines were produced by a Consensus Panel made up of experts in the field of vascular laser surgery under the auspices of the European Society of Laser Dermatology. Recommendations on the use of vascular lasers and IPLS were made based on the quality of evidence for efficacy, safety, tolerability, cosmetic outcome, patient satisfaction/preference and, where appropriate, on the experts' opinion. The recommendations of these guidelines are graded according to the American College of Chest Physicians Task Force recommendations on Grading Strength of Recommendations and Quality of Evidence in Clinical Guidelines. ResultsLasers and IPLS are very useful and sometimes the only available method to treat various vascular lesions. It is of a paramount importance that the type of laser or IPLS and their specific parameters are adapted to the indication but also that the treating physician is familiar with the device to be used. The crucial issue in treating vascular lesions is to recognize the immediate end-point after laser treatment. This is the single most important factor to ensure both the efficacy of the treatment and avoidance of serious side-effects.
Syftet med studien var att fånga in hur trötthet och smärta påverkar vardagen för unga vuxna med reumatisk sjukdom.
Metoden är kvalitativ och för datainsamlingen gjordes semistrukturerade intervjuer. Materialet transkriberades transkriberades i sin helt och när det var klart påbörjades analysering av det som framkommit. I analysen sökte vi efter meningsbärande enheter och försökte ordna dem i kategorier och underkategorier.
Resultatet visar att sjukdomen har en stor påverkan på våra informanters liv, men att de också har bra strategier för att kunna leva med sjukdomen. Det visar också på att även om strategierna är bra och de vet hur de ska hantera sjukdomen så stöter de på hinder, till exempel har skolgången blivit negativt påverkad för de flesta av informanterna. Något som visat sig vara extra viktigt har varit vännerna och det sociala nätverket. Alla informanter har på ett eller annat sätt verkligen understrykt betydelsen av vänner som är förstående och som på det sättet hjälper till att hitta det positiva med livet.
Slutsatsen som kan dras utifrån detta arbete är att vara ung och ha en reumatisk sjukdom är något som påverkar hela livet. Vi har sett på informanterna i studien att trots detta flyter livet på och de lyckas i de flesta fall att få balans mellan aktivitet och vila. Just denna balans är mycket viktig.
Syfte: Syftet med studien var att kartlägga och beskriva tillgängligheten på gym för rullstolsburna personer.
Undersökningsmetod: Studien var en deskriptiv observationsstudie. Undersökningen var en tvärsnittsstudie, då mätningar gjordes vid ett tillfälle. Datainsamlingen utfördes genom strukturerade observationer av olika bedömningsområden, t.ex. närliggande utomhusmiljö, entré, träningslokal, omklädningsrum m.m. med hjälp av en egen utarbetad checklista.
Resultat: Resultatet visade att hinder i tillgänglighet i huvudsak inte fanns i den närliggande utomhusmiljön runt gymmet. Däremot framkom problem med trappor/trappsteg, höga trösklar och tunga dörrar utan automatik vid entrén, samt trappor och nivåskillnader i omklädningsrum och duschutrymmen. Även avsaknad av hissar och handikappanpassade toaletter var vanligt förekommande hinder i tillgängligheten. Av resultatet framgick att störst tillgänglighet fanns inom bedömningsområdet "Gymlokal".
Slutsats: Resultatet visade att inget gym var fullt tillgängligt i samtliga bedömningsområden.Mycket kvarstår att göra gällande tillgängligheten på gym för rullstolsburna personer. Många hinder ansåg vi dock vara enkelt avhjälpta hinder, till exempel utjämning av nivåskillnader, avfasning av trösklar och uppsättning av automatiska dörröppnare. Den här studien kan ge en ökad förståelse för vilka faktorer i gymmiljön som är hinder för tillgängligheten. Det skulle då kunna öka medvetenheten om vilka åtgärder som kan göra gymmen mer tillgängliga för rullstolsburna personer.


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Traveling With The SBB
by Christian on July 12, 2010JOIN OUR NEWSLETTER!
by Christian on July 12, 2010JOIN OUR NEWSLETTER!
In December 2009 the SBB and Trenitalia decided to end the Cisalpino train service, a joint venture between the two national railways. Naturally when such things happen allegations flew. The SBB claimed that the consistent late trains coming from Milan was one of the main reasons. Trenitalia also made claims, but anyone who has travelled to Italy or even wanted to come back from Ticino has experienced that more often than not it is the trains coming from Italy that are running late and causing delays elsewhere in Switzerland.Traveling back from Lucerne the other day, I was witness to something that would have played out much differently in Italy. Many might find the following incident tragic others as quite funny. For the sake of the protagonist, I hope that he will look back in five years and laugh.I was on a class trip with students all around 15 years of age. Having boarded the train we patiently waited for the train to depart. Outside the train was a man with two monsters for suitcases with a little twitch in his hand and a bead of sweat rolling down his face. Then the rail attendant made the last call to board the train. In a panic the man tossed his two suitcases onto the train and followed rescuing his foot from a closing door in true Indiana Jones style. Seconds later the train rolled into motion and a look of fear struck the man's face. Quickly he ran to the window where I was sitting and frantically tried to open the locked window. The other teacher and I looked at each other and wondered what was going on.The rail attendant seeing the panic-stricken man running around the train tried to explain that she had given the final call and announced that the man had to either be on the train or off the train, but that the train was departing. Furthermore, once the train is in motion it will not stop until it reached the next destination. The man with an Italian


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So I took my medicines at midnight, today (technically, speaking) and found myself hard of getting sleep back. I did the next best thing - blog and blog hop. After my usual round of blogs, I wandered to The Philippines According to Blogs. I have not logged in for a while and it has been ages since my last blog update. It's been so long that, at that time, the site was still maintained by Abe Olandres. Goodness.
Anyhoo, what caught my attention was this entry by Toe in her blog, Kurokuroatbp. I can not log in to post a comment because, her blog is password protected.
So, Toe, allow me to inform you that children's literature in the country is very young. When you and I were growing up in the seventies and the eighties, we read foreign books and watched foreign shows. It did not help that my mother was a librarian who worked at an American school. She brought me books! Lots! She did this until I was in my junior year in college. No regrets. I became a reader for life and truly, I have a genuine love for books and reading. This is something I want to pass on to my children, but, like you, I also searched for books that bespeak of my culture and identity. This, I want my children to experience too - read books about their heritage and culture, not merely of history, but the way things are in the Philippines, being a Filipino and becoming to be one. My children are luckier,Toe. I am able to provide them with books by foreign writers as well as books by Filipino authors.
So you see, Philippine Children's Literature is about our age. It is only in its 30's. There were books for children, of course, during the 50's, 60's and early 70's, but it did not really address the needs of Filipino children until the mid-70's, when people in the industry realized how important it is to provide books for kids that reflect their culture and the likes that would meet their developmental needs. There are several courses in college on the history of children's literature and for one, a big chunk of it is alloted for Philippine Children's Literature. There are also conferences and seminars on Philippine Children's Literature that feature a lot of our writers and illustrators. As of present, there is the PBBY who advocates reading and the promotion of books. In its website, you will find reviews of books written by Filipino authors. There are around 4-5 active book publishing companies devoted to producing books for Pinoy kids and sadly, they have to compete with foreign publishers who are mightier and bolder in terms of marketing arsenal.
Every year, National Children's Book Day (NCBD) is celebrated on the 3rd Tuesday of July. Present during the event are organizations concerned with the creation and promotion of children's books like KUTING, Ang INK and Alitaptap, along with a host of children's literature advocates, teachers and librarians, foundations and organizations. It is during the NCBD when the best written and illustrated story for kids is awarded the Salanga and Alcala prizes.
Last NCBD, I was assigned to present 27 titles of new books for children published by Pinoy publishers, written and illustrated by Pinoys, for the Pinoy growing child. It seem to increase in numbers, every year. We only had around 12 or 15 titles presented last year. These books are all available in bookstores nationwide. During the Manila International Book Fair last August, some pblishers launched the new titles. In terms of content, we've come a long way. Now you can read stories about a boy with an OFW mother; a girl whose cousin is stricken with luekemia; about Teo who shares bayabas, rambutan, pakwan, etc. to his father instead of apples, grapes and kiwis. Our writers are delving into sensitive issues on family and growing up. There are stories on adoption, separation, death, senility, being different, peer pressure, bullying, first love, first kiss, even on homosexuality (one Palanca award winner) though it still has to find a brave publisher to see it in print. Online stories for kids by Pinoy writers are also avaialble. Try to google Literaturang Tsikiting and it will lead you to ten stories and a few poems by KUTNG writers.
I hope this helps you a bit in your search. I was not able to recommend TV shows for kids, because, that is another story. It has its own issues and a history in itself that deserves another posting.
Rest assured that there is a continuous growth of books for our children in the country despite challenges in the economics of producing them and the changing reading habits and interest of children today. As long as there are people who carry on with the writing, illustrating, publication and promotion of books for Pinoy kids, there will be readers who someday will either write, or illustrate or publish or promote books for their generation and the ones to come.
Thursday, September 20, 2007
For Toe, who is wondering where the books and shows for Filipino children are
Thoughts in action by Zarah C. Gagatiga at Thursday, September 20, 2007
Labels: books, PBBY, Philippine Children's Literature, reading
2 comments:
Hi Zarah Grace! First of all, I have to apologize that you couldn't post your comment in my blog. I don't really know why that is so and being not technically-challenged, cannot offer a remedy. :(
And second, I would like to thank you for this insightful article in reply to my post. I am very happy to know that children's literature is developing in our country. When I go to the Philippines, I will definitely check out children's books in the bookstores.
Thanks again! :)
- Friday, September 21, 2007 11:14:00 AM
- Zarah C. Gagatiga said...
hi toe! well, at least there are links and tracking systems :-)
my pleasure to be of help. :-)
- Sunday, September 23, 2007 1:06:00 PM
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17 Must-Know Tricks for Outlook 2007, 2010 and 2013
Designing for Outlook is like chasing the ever elusive White Whale. We spend hours pursuing it, tracking down bugs and glitches, trying to achieve pixel perfection in a distinctly imperfect environment.
Here are 17 tips to improve your outlook on Outlook.


text:
Published on 23rd March 2016
Cross & Quinn album teaser
Good Friday (25th March 2016) sees the Esoteric Antenna release of Cold Sky Blue, the new album by former King Crimson violinist/mellotron player David Cross with guitarist/keyboards Sean Quinn (Tiny Magnetic Pets). The album also features guest appearances from Beth Hirsch, Brendan Staunton, Paula Gilmer and Thomas Truax
Cross & Quinn's Cold Sky Blue has been described as "A sonic melting pot taking in Prog, Ambient, Synthpop and even a sprinkling of Dubstep…"
"The whole thing mushroomed from there with other vocalists being added so the tunes are now more akin to Radiohead, Talk Talk, Sigur Rós & Pink Floyd rather than traditional electronic ambient. Their non-existent brief was to create an old-school album for the 21st century where the album is a whole work that takes the listener on a SOMETHING trip, rather than a collection of tunes. The album has an overall tone and apart from the obvious traces of David's previous work, really sounds like no one else. "Cold Sky Blue" is a sumptuous listening experience."
01. Skyline Vertical
02. Cold Blue Sky (featuring Beth Hirsch)
03. Counting All The Stars (featuring Brendan Staunton)
04. On Spider Hill
05. For Someone (featuring Paula Gilmer)
06. Arc En Ciel [Part One]
07. The M Chord(featuring Thomas Truax)
08. Arc En Ciel [Part Two]
09. Meaningless (featuring Brendan Staunton)


text: So what I'm doing, is I'm running a custom wordpress installation as a sort of backend for my webapp. I have set up phalcon for my website and it works just fine integrated with Wordpress. However I would like to disable phalcon for a few URLs such as the login URL and the wp-admin URL. Because right now, it gives me an error because it cannot load that view if that makes sense.


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Eastern Chalukyas
|Eastern Chalukyas
తూర్పు చాళుక్యులు,
|Kubja Vishnuvardhana
|Jayasimha I
|Vishnuvardhana II
|Rajaraja Narendra
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Eastern Chalukyas, or Chalukyas of Vengi (Kannada: ಪೂರ್ವ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು, Telugu: తూర్పు చాళుక్యులు), were a South Indian dynasty whose kingdom was located in the present day Andhra Pradesh. Their capital was Vengi (Pedavegi and Denduluru, near Eluru) and their dynasty lasted for around 500 years from the 7th century until c. 1130 C.E. when the Vengi kingdom merged with the Chola empire. The Vengi kingdom was continued to be ruled by Eastern Chalukyan kings under the protection of the Chola empire until 1189 C.E., when the kingdom succumbed to the Hoysalas and the Yadavas. They had their capital originally at Vengi now (Pedavegi, Chinavegi and Denduluru) near Eluru of the West Godavari district end later changed to Rajamahendravaram (Rajamundry).
Eastern Chalukyas were closely related to the Chalukyas of Vatapi (Badami). Throughout their history they were the cause of many wars between the more powerful Cholas and Western Chalukyas over the control of the strategic Vengi country. The five centuries of the Eastern Chalukya rule of Vengi saw not only the consolidation of this region into a unified whole, but also saw the efflorescence of Telugu culture, literature, poetry and art during the later half of their rule. It can be said to be the golden period of Andhra history.
Origin of Eastern Chalukyas[edit]
Pulakesin II (608–644 C.E), the greatest Badami(Karnataka) Chalukya king, conquered the eastern Deccan, corresponding to the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh 616 C.E., defeating the remnants of the Vishnukundina Empire. He appointed his brother Kubja Vishnu Vardhana as Viceroy. On the death of Pulakesin II, the Vengi Viceroyalty developed into an independent kingdom. Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi outlived the main Vatapi dynasty by many generations.
Between 641 C.E. and 705 C.E. some kings, except Jayasimha I and Mangi Yuvaraja, ruled for very short durations. Then followed a period of unrest characterised by family feuds and weak rulers. Meanwhile, the Rashtrakutas of Malkhed ousted Western Chalukyas of Badami. The weak rulers of Vengi had to meet the challenge of the Rashtrakutas, who overran their kingdom more than once. There was no Eastern Chalukya ruler who could check them until Gunaga Vijayaditya III came to power in 848 C.E. The then Rashtrakuta ruler Amoghavarsha treated him as his ally and after Amoghavarsha's death, Vijayaditya proclaimed independence.
List of Eastern Chalukya Kings[edit]
- Kubja Vishnu Vardhana I (624 – 641 C.E.)
- Jayasimha I (641 – 673 C.E.)
- Indra Bhattaraka (673 C.E.,seven days)
- Vishnu Vardhana II (673 – 682 C.E.)
- Mangey Yuvaraja (682 – 706 C.E.)
- Jayasimha II (706 – 718 C.E.)
- Kokkili (718-719 C.E., six months)
- Vishnu Vardhana III (719 – 755 C.E.)
- Vijaya Aditya I (755 – 772 C.E.)
- Vishnu Vardhana IV (772 – 808 C.E.)
- Vijay Aditya II (808 – 847 C.E.)
- Vishnu Vardhana V (847– 849 C.E.)
- Vijay Aditya III (849 – 892 C.E.) with his two brothers : Vikram Aditya I and Yuddha Malla I
- Chalukya Bhima I (892 – 921 C.E.)
- Vijay Aditya IV (921 C.E., six months)
- Amma I and Vishnu Vardhana VI (921 – 927 C.E.)
- Vijay Aditya V (927 C.E., fifteen days)
- Tadapa (927 C.E., one month)
- Vikram Aditya II (927 – 928 C.E.)
- Chalukya Bhima II (928 - 929 C.E.)
- Yuddha Malla II (929 – 935 C.E.)
- Chalukya Bhima III and Vishnu Vardhana VII (935 – 947 C.E.)
- Amma II (947 – 970 C.E.)
- Danarnava (970 – 973 C.E.)
- Jata Choda Bhima (973 - 999 C.E.)
- Sakti Varman I (999 - 1011 C.E.)
- Vimaladitya (1011 – 1018 C.E.)
- Raja Raja I Narendra Vishnu Vardhana VIII (1018 – 1061 C.E.)
- Sakti Varman II (1062 C.E.)
- Vijay Aditya VI (1063 – 1068 C.E., 1072 – 1075 C.E.)
- Raja Raja II (1075 - 1079)
- Vira Chola Vishnu Vardhana IX (1079 - 1102)
In its early life, the Eastern Chalukya court was essentially a republic of Badami, and as generations passed, local factors gained in strength and the Vengi monarchy developed features of its own. External influences still continued to be present as the Eastern Chalukyas had long and intimate contact, either friendly or hostile, with the Pallavas, the Rashtrakutas, the Cholas and the Chalukyas of Kalyani.
Type of Government[edit]
The Eastern Chalukyan government was a monarchy based on the Hindu philosophy. The inscriptions refer to the traditional seven components of the state (Saptanga), and the eighteen Tirthas (Offices), such as:
- Mantri (Minister)
- Purohita (Chaplain)
- Senapati (Commander)
- Yuvaraja (Heir-apparent)
- Dauvarika (Door keeper)
- Pradhana (Chief)
- Adhyaksha (Head of department) and so on.
No information is available as to how the work of administration was carried out. The Vishaya and Kottam were the administrative subdivisions known from records. The Karmarashtra and the Boya-Kottams are examples of these. The royal edicts (recording gifts of lands or villages) are addressed to all Naiyogi Kavallabhas, a general term containing no indication of their duties, as well as to the Grameyakas, the residents of the village granted. The Manneyas are also occasionally referred in inscriptions. They held assignments of land or revenue in different villages.
Fratricidal wars and foreign invasions frequently disturbed the land. The territory was parcelled out into many small principalities (estates) held by the nobility consisting of collateral branches of the ruling house such as those of Elamanchili, Pithapuram and Mudigonda, and a few other families such as the Kona Haihayas (Heheya, Kalachuris), Kolanu Saronathas, Chagis, Parichedas, Kota Vamsas, Velanadus and Kondapadamatis, closely connected by marriage ties with the Eastern Chalukyas and families who were raised to high position for their loyal services. When the Vengi ruler was strong, the nobility paid allegiance and tribute to him, but when the weakness was apparent, they were ready to join hands with the enemies against the royal house.
The population in the Vengi country was heterogeneous in character. Hiuen Tsang, who travelled in the Andhra country after the establishment of the Eastern Chalukya kingdom, noted that the people were of a violent character, were of a dark complexion and were fond of arts. The society was based on hereditary caste system. Even the Buddhists and Jains who originally disregarded caste, adopted it. Besides the four traditional castes, minor communities like Boyas and Savaras (Tribal groups) also existed.
The Brahmins were held in high esteem in the society. They were proficient in Vedas and Shastras and were given gifts of land and money. They held lucrative posts such as councillors, ministers and members of civil service. They even entered the army and some of them rose to positions of high command. The Kshatriyas were the ruling class. Their love of intrigue and fighting was responsible for civil war for two centuries. The Komatis (Vaisyas) was flourishing trading community. Their organisation into a powerful guild (Nakaram) which had its headquarters in Penugonda (West Godavari) and branches in seventeen other centres had its beginnings in this period. It seems there used to be a minister for communal affairs (Samaya Mantri) in the government. The Sudras constituted the bulk of the population and there were several sub-castes among them. The army furnished a career for most of them and some of them acquired the status of Samanta Raju and Mandalika.
Buddhism, which was dominant during the Satavahanas was in decline. Its monasteries were practically deserted. Due to their love of sacred relics in stupas, a few might have lingered on, Yuan Chwang noticed some twenty or more Buddhist monasteries in which more than three thousand monks lived. Jainism, unlike Buddhism, continued to enjoy some support from the people. This is evident from the several deserted images in ruined villages all over Andhra. The inscriptions also record the construction of Jain temples and grants of land for their support from the monarchs and the people. The rulers like Kubja Vishnuvardhana, Vishnuvardhana III and Amma II patronised Jainism. Vimaladitya even became a declared follower of the doctrine of Mahavira. Vijayawada, Jenupadu, Penugonda (West Godavari) and Munugodu were the famous Jain centres of the period. Hinduism was the official religion throughout the Chalukya period. Of the Hindu sects, Saivism was more popular than Vaishnavism.
Some of the rulers, declared themselves as Parama Maheswaras (Emperors). The Buddhist religious centres eventually attained great celebrity as Siva pilgrim centres. Eastern Chalukya rulers like Vijayaditya II, Yuddhamalla I, Vijayaditya III and Bhima I took active interest in the construction of many temples. The temple establishments like dancers and musicians show that during this period, temples were not only a centre of religious worship but a fostering ground for fine arts.
Telugu literature owes its origin to the Eastern Chalukyas. Poetry makes its first appearance in the Addanki and Kandukur inscriptions of Panduranga in the time of Vijayaditya II in the later half of the ninth century. However no literary work of any value appeared until 11th century C.E. Nannaya Bhatta's Mahabharata is the earliest extant work of Telugu literature. Nannaya was the poet-laureate of Rajaraja Narendra in the middle of the eleventh century C.E. An erudite scholar, he was well-versed in the Vedas, Sastras and the ancient epics, he undertook to translation of the Mahabharata into Telugu. The fact that Narayana Bhatta who was proficient in eight languages assisted him in his endeavour. Though incomplete, his work is universally acclaimed as a masterpiece of Telugu literature. It remains unrivaled for its graceful end dignified diction and sweet and elegant verses.
Due to the widely spread Siva devotional cult in the kingdom the Eastern Chalukyan kings undertook construction of temples on a large scale. Vijayaditya II is credited with the construction of 108 temples. Yuddhamalla I erected a temple to Kartikeya at Vijayawada. Bhima I constructed the famous Draksharama and Chalukya Bhimavaram (Samalkot) temples. Rajaraja Narendra erected three memorial shrines at Kalidindi (West Godavari). The Eastern Chalukyas, following the Pallava and Chalukya traditions, developed their own independent style of architecture, which is visible in the Pancharama shrines (especially the Draksharama temple) and Biccavolu temples. The Golingeswara temple at Biccavolu contains some richly carved out sculptures of deities like Arthnariswara, Siva, Vishnu, Agni, Chamundi and Surya.
|Classical India
|Timeline and
cultural period
|Indo-Gangetic Plain
|Central India
|Southern India
|Northwestern India
|Northern India
|Northeastern India
|Late Vedic Period
|6th century BCE
|Adivasi (tribes)
|Shramanic reforms (500-200 BCE)
Jainism - Buddhism - Ājīvika - Yoga
|5th century BCE
|(Persian rule)
|Shishunaga dynasty
|Adivasi (tribes)
|4th century BCE
|(Greek conquests)
|Shramanic reforms (continued)
|Sangam period
|3rd century BCE
|Maurya Empire
|Early Cholas
|Preclassical Hinduism[a] - "Hindu Synthesis"[b] (ca. 200 BCE-300 CE)[c][d]
Epics - Puranas - Ramayana - Mahabharata - Bhagavad Gita - Brahma Sutras - Smarta Tradition
Mahayana Buddhism
|Sangam period
|2nd century BCE
|Indo-Greek Kingdom
|Sunga Empire
|Adivasi (tribes)
|Early Cholas
|1st century BCE
|Maha-Meghavahana Dynasty
|1st century CE
|Kuninda Kingdom
|2nd century
|Varman dynasty
|3rd century
|Kushan Empire
|Western Satraps
|Kamarupa kingdom
|Kalabhras dynasty
|"Golden Age of Hinduism"(ca. 320-650 CE)[e]
Co-existence of Hinduism and Buddhism
|4th century
|Gupta Empire
|Kadamba Dynasty
|5th century
|Adivasi (tribes)
|6th century
|Late-Classical Hinduism (ca. 650-1100 CE)[f]
Advaita Vedanta - Tantra
Decline of Buddhism in India
|7th century
|Vakataka dynasty, Harsha
|Mlechchha dynasty
|Adivasi (tribes)
|8th century
|Kidarite Kingdom
|9th century
|Indo-Hephthalites (Huna)
|10th century
|Pala dynasty
|Islamic rule and "Sects of Hinduism" (ca. 1100-1850 CE)[g] - Medieval and Late Puranic Period (500–1500 CE)[h]
|11th century
|(Islamic conquests)
Kabul Shahi
(Islamic Empire)
Pala Empire
|Adivasi (tribes)
Yadava dynasty
See also[edit]
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eastern Chalukyas.
- "Chalukya Rulers". Retrieved 2011-07-11.
- Durga Prasad, History of the Andhras up to 1565 A. D., P. G. Publishers, Guntur (1988)
- South Indian Inscriptions [1]
- Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. (1955). A History of South India, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002).


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A baby girl called Faith who was born with part of her brain outside her head is now home and well after her parents refused an abortion.
Renee Young is 19 weeks pregnant. Like any expectant parents, Young and her husband Simon Howie are both excited and nervous about what's to come. But unlike other soon-to-be parents, they will face an extra obstacle when their twin baby girls are delivered in July. Four weeks ago, a routine ultrasound revealed that Young and Howie's baby had two legs, two arms and one heart just like any other baby. But the scan also revealed that their baby also had two faces and two brains.
Playing violent video games for long periods of time can hold back the "moral maturity" of teenagers, according to a study in Canada. In-depth research into the behaviour of about 100 13- and 14-year-olds found over-exposure to violent games weakened empathy for others. More than half were found to play video games every single day, with violent games the most common. Researchers warned of adolescents losing a sense of "right and wrong".
A military-grade firearm, suspicious vehicles and signs of marijuana cultivation have been found at a "make shift" clubhouse linked to the Hells Angels in Melbourne.
Former Prime Minister Julia Gillard has spoken to Prime Minister Tony Abbott about her new role, spearheading a campaign to raise billions of dollars to help educate almost 60 million children.
Many experts believe online wagering is the future of gambling, but the casino industry is increasingly divided on the issue.
"They asked only one thing, that we remember the poor, which was actually what I was eager to do" (Galatians 2: 10). I begin with Paul's report of what he was asked to do by the church in Jerusalem as a reminder that to be asked to remember the poor is an ongoing Christian obligation.
Police have arrested and charged an imam accused of conducting the marriage of a 12-year-old girl in the Hunter Valley this year.
A former prostitute has urged Northern Ireland MLAs to pass a proposed law which would make the purchase of sex illegal in the province. Mia De Faoite told Stormont's Justice Committee to make a "wise choice" and support the Human Trafficking and Exploitation Bill because prostitution has no place in a humane society. She spoke of her experiences as a prostitute on the streets of Dublin for six years, when she was repeatedly raped and abused.
Pupils are watching X-rated material on their mobiles in break times and their language is becoming more explicit as a result, worried teachers said today. School staff say children are having more sexually indecent conversations with each other than ever before, sending each other sexual text messages ('sexting'), and pressuring those who don't take part into doing so. A poll, conducted by the Association of Teachers and Lecturers, revealed that increasing levels of exposure to X-rated content was also encouraging youngsters into promiscuous behaviour.
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Brown Brothers is the leading Honda Dealer in Peebles, Peeblesshire, Scotland, UK.
If you want to buy a new or used Honda car, look no further. Brown Brothers will offer guaranteed low prices with Nationwide delivery on the full range of new and used cars including the Honda Civic, CR-V and Jazz.
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Brown Brothers is an Authorised Repairer for Honda cars. Fixed menu-pricing on a wide range of service, MOT and repairs means you pay the lowest price to maintain your car.


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The Consumer Protection Act governs almost all sales of goods transactions and the delivery of services, which occur in South Africa where small corporate and individuals are the consumer. Therefore almost all retailer businesses, suppliers, manufacturers, professionals is effected, some more than others though.
What you need to do:
· Obtain advice to understand the application and the effect of the act on your business. This will to a large extend determined what actions are to be taken to ensure compliance.
If you are affected by the Act than you need to do the following:
- Arrange training for all your staff, especially your marketers and other people who deal directly with your customers.
- Compile a policy (manual) for your staff, and deal clearly with the specific issues relating to your business. Where necessary refer to practical case studies.
- If you are conducting direct marketing, understand exactly what your obligations are and the rights of the consumers.
- Review your contracts, terms and conditions, online terms, invoices, delivery notes, till slip; return policy –which is applicable on transactions between yourself and your consumers.
- Review your supplier agreements where suppliers provide goods to you, to understand your contractual liability and those of the suppliers.
- Tighten up on procedures; provide proper product training to staff.
- Ensure product descriptions (product labeling) are in plain language, true, and correct.
- Understand the risks regarding liability and the premature cancellation of fix term contracts.
- Review your product and professional liability insurance policies.
- Register your business trading name/s.
· And last but not least change your employees mind sets the way we were doing business have changes forever "The power moved from the shop owner to the consumer."
The South Africa Property Owners Association is not happy with the provisions that fix term contracts can be cancelled prior to expiry of the term.-Article in the Business Report
South Africa's new act says information must be presented in such a way that it is understood by someone with "minimal experience as a consumer of the relevant goods or services." The concept of an "average consumer" no longer applies. –Article by Megan Power
Consumers have the right to demand quality service; the right to safe, good quality goods; implied warranties of quality; warranties on repaired goods and warnings concerning the fact and nature of risks pertaining to activities or facilities. The Act promote fair business practices protecting consumers from— unconscionable, unfair, unreasonable, unjust or otherwise improper trade practices; and deceptive, misleading, unfair or fraudulent conduct.


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Peppermint Oreo Mini Cheesecakes
Cheesecake can be such a pain in the butt. Some people like to do a water bath while it bakes in the oven. I have done those in the past, but always wind up with water in my cheesecake. Or, I somehow under bake my cheesecake and it sinks in the center once it's cooled.
So to fix that problem, I make mini cheesecakes that bake in about 15 minutes and don't have all those issues that large cheesecakes have! Plus, with a mini cheesecake you can use a whole oreo as the crust — just one less thing to wash! It also helps to use top quality ingredients like PHILADELPHIA.
I like to use PHILADELPHIA Cream Cheese because of their wonderful standards. Philadelphia has been around since 1872 and uses all real fresh ingredients in their cream cheese. It's all real, fresh, local milk from farms nearby and is made into cream cheese in just six days! Plus, who can say no to all their delicious varieties like their Honey Nut cream cheese with crunchy pecans?
These mini cheesecakes are so easy to put together! Since you are using a Candy Cane Oreo as the crust, it's one less step to have to do. I made these in a mini cheesecake tin*, but you can also bake them in muffin tins (lined with a cupcake liner).
While they may be mini, these cheesecakes pack a ton of flavors. It starts with a Candy Cane Oreo, then a layer of creamy cheesecake stuffed with more oreos and then topped with fresh whipped cream. Is there anything more festive than that?
For more fun holiday recipes and tips, check out Cheesecakecheer.com!
Peppermint Oreo Mini Cheesecakes
recipe note: this recipe can be made with regular Oreos if you are not a fan of peppermint!
- 26 candy cane oreos, divided
- 12 oz PHILADELPHIA cream cheese, softened
- 1/2 cup granulated sugar
- 1 large egg
- 2 teaspoons vanilla extract
- 1 cup heavy whipping cream
- 1/4 cup powdered sugar
- 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
- crushed candy canes, for decoration
Preheat oven to 350°F. Grease a mini cheesecake pan and line the bottom of 16 cheesecake slots with an oreo. Set aside.
Roughly chop the remaining 10 oreos, set aside.
In a stand mixer, beat PHILADELPHIA cream cheese and sugar until smooth. Add egg and vanilla extract, beating until well combined.
Fold in chopped oreos by hand, until just combined. The more you stir, the more the red from the candy cane oreos will color the cheesecake.
Fill each cheesecake slot until 3/4 of the way full. Bake for 15-18 minutes, or until no longer giggly in the center.
Cool for at least 30 minutes on a wire rack and then transfer to the fridge to cool for at least 3 hours. You want the cheesecake to be cold.
When ready to serve:
In bowl of a stand mixer, combine the heavy whipping cream and powdered sugar. Using whisk attachment, mix on high for 1-2 minutes, or until soft peaks have formed.
Add vanilla extract and beat for about a minute longer, or until stiff peaks have formed.
Carefully remove cheesecakes from pan, removing pan bottoms. Transfer whipped cream to a piping bag and pipe onto cooled cheesecakes. Sprinkle with crushed candy canes and serve immediately.
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