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01522 805202
01522 805202
Request a complimentary practice visit
Register for our e-bulletin
Contact us to arrange a complimentary assessment of your practice.
Mark will visit your practice, discuss your options, offer advice and provide you with a customised quote.
Sign up for our monthly bulletin to receive service updates, advice articles, special offers and industry news.
We will email you no more than once a month and will not pass your details on to any other organisation.
Marketing advice
By Sally Fields
MA MCIM Dip M Chartered Marketer
Latest article: Get the basics right, before spending marketing budget. More.
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Sally joins Medefix.
Sally has been involved with Medefix from the start, supporting her husband Mark to launch the business and then to grow it. But from April this year Sally is now spending more time working for Medefix.
Predominately, in the office Sally will ensure that the office runs smoothly and will often be the voice at the other end of the telephone Sally will be focusing on making sure the systems and processes are in place so that Medefix can continue to offer a first class service.
But Sally's background is in marketing, spending the last twenty years working in marketing management and more recently, running her own marketing consultancy. She is still working as a marketing tutor for Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM) accredited study centres, delivering Executive Weekend courses, developing course units, advising on assignments and generally supporting other marketing colleagues through their exams.
Sally holds the:
CIM Postgraduate Diploma in Marketing
CIM Diploma in Digital Marketing
and has a Masters in Marketing.
Sally will be using this expertise to improve the services that Medefix offers and later in the year to launch a marketing support and advice for dental practices.
"I am really looking forward to being able to devote more time to Medefix. Coming on board on a full time basis will allow Mark to spend more time helping practices. My first task is to launch a new website and to improve our customer relationship management system", explains Sally.
Sally continues:
"Busy times are ahead for us. Medefix has a solid base of customers and we want to build on that further. But limited promotion is required as most of our new customers come from word of mouth recommendations. So we need to focus on continuing to offer a high quality service and to ensure our customers are aware of all of the services we offer".
Mark explains:
"I am thrilled that Sally has agreed to come on board to this extent. It was a difficult decision for her to end Elevate Marketing, but I am certain that her marketing skills will be of great use to both Medefix and dental practices over the coming months and years".
Sally can be contacted on 07834 620714 or by email: email@example.com.
Sally Fields MA MCIM DipM Chartered Marketer


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Nothing Gold Can Stay
StoriesBook - 2013
From the critics
Community Activity
CommentAdd a Comment
This collection of short stories centers around the people of Appalachia, though the time periods vary.
The first story, "The Trusty", is one I'm sure will stick with me for a long, long time. Set in Depression-era North Carolina, it follows the effort of a prisoner to escape his chain gang by enlisting the help of the innocent young farm wife who supplies water to the laborers. But all is not as it seems.
The contemporary story of a young couple trying to win enough money at the casino to pay off their truck had me holding my breath several times.
Rash's descriptions provide a vivid mental image of the landscapes and people. His characters and dialogue ring true. He uses concrete words to explore spiritual and emotional depths. I want to re-read some of these stories to appreciate telling details that mean more once you get to the end and know the whole tale.
Recommended for readers who have enjoyed books by Daniel Woodrell.
If you've ever had to grin and bear it and bite down hard, you'll relate to the characters in these short stories. One way or the other, you'll make it through, too. Recommended by Jeffrey
Amazing collection! I was disappointed when I finished the last one, I wanted to read more!
The quality of Ron Rash's writing is extraordinary... I recommend this collection to everyone who appreciates fine prose.
"In his third collection of stories, author Ron Rash continues to explore the emotionally harsh terrain of Appalachia, which he definitively renders through the use of local dialect, atmospheric prose, and flawed characters. While all 14 stories are set in North Carolina, they take place from the Civil War era to the present. Traps - both figurative and literal, of the characters' own making or by others - figure frequently, as individuals trapped by their circumstances try to better their lives, sometimes with disastrous outcomes. Provocative and insightful, these stories make "an indelible impression" (Kirkus Reviews)." April 2013 Fiction A to Z newsletter http://www.nextreads.com/Display2.aspx?SID=5acc8fc1-4e91-4ebe-906d-f8fc5e82a8e0&N=622464
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subset: commoncrawl


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Friday, January 17, 2014
Aulus Gellius 1.5.3: Asyndetic, Privative Adjectives
Aulus Gellius, Attic Nights 1.5.3 (tr. J.C. Rolfe):Newer› ‹Older
Update: Reading further in the same work, I find another example of the same construction at 1.9.8 (tr. Rolfe with his footnote):
But when Sulla was on trial, and Lucius Torquatus, a man of somewhat boorish and uncouth nature, with great violence and bitterness did not stop with calling Hortensius an actor in the presence of the assembled jurors, but said that he was a posturer and a Dionysia—which was the name of a notorious dancing-girl—then Hortensius replied in a soft and gentle tone: "I would rather be a Dionysia, Torquatus, yes, a Dionysia, than like you, a stranger to the Muses, to Venus and to Dionysus."The last three words of Hortensius' retort are a neat example of a series of asyndetic, privative adjectives. "Asyndetic" means not joined by conjunctions, and "privative" means altering the meaning of a term from positive to negative.
sed cum L. Torquatus, subagresti homo ingenio et infestivo, gravius acerbiusque apud consilium iudicum, cum de causa Sullae quaereretur, non iam histrionem eum esse diceret, sed gesticulariam Dionysiamque eum notissimae saltatriculae nomine appellaret, tum voce molli atque demissa Hortensius "Dionysia," inquit "Dionysia malo equidem esse quam quod tu, Torquate, ἄμουσος, ἀναφρόδιτος, ἀπροσδιόνυσος."
Update: Reading further in the same work, I find another example of the same construction at 1.9.8 (tr. Rolfe with his footnote):
Having thus expressed himself about Pythagoras, my friend Taurus continued: "But nowadays these fellows who turn to philosophy on a sudden with unwashed feet,1 not content with being wholly 'without purpose, without learning, and without scientific training,' even lay down the law as to how they are to be taught philosophy.
1 Proverbial for "without preparation."
haec eadem super Pythagora noster Taurus cum dixisset: "Nunc autem," inquit, "isti qui repente pedibus inlotis ad philosophos devertunt, non est hoc satis quod sunt omnino ἀθεώρητοι, ἄμουσοι, ἀγεωμέτρητοι, sed legem etiam dant qua philosophari discant."
Labels: asyndetic privative adjectives


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Don Brash, the man who forced Rodney Hide out of his job as Act leader, approached him recently to urge him to return to the party leadership and to run for Act in Epsom.
Dr Brash told the Herald that Mr Hide was not interested at the time but the approach was made before current leader John Banks announced he would step down in February and would not stand at the 2014 election.
Mr Hide has been uncharacteristically silent on the issue, refusing to rule himself out or say whether he is considering it.
Dr Brash said there was some irony in him trying to get Mr Hide back into Act but said: "I didn't push him out in 2011 because I thought he was incompetent. But I thought his reputation at that point was such that he was unlikely to be able to hold Epsom and, if he didn't hold Epsom, Act was gone."
Dr Brash said that while there were some negatives around Mr Hide, there were some important positives.
"He is well known. He has got a profile. Yes, he blotted his copybook taking his then girlfriend [now wife] on an international trip. But, of course, that wasn't in breach of the law and it wasn't even in breach of parliamentary rules.
"He has got the advantage of being a very good communicator. He writes well. He speaks well and has an existing profile."
Act president John Boscawen said last night there had been only one nomination so far, that of Jamie Whyte, who has recently returned from Britain where he was a management consultant for Oliver Wymann and the Boston Consulting Group. He is also a former foreign currency trader and a former philosophy lecturer at Cambridge University.
Dr Brash said that as National leader in 2005 he had tried to persuade Mr Whyte to stand for National but he had not been ready to come home.
Dr Brash believed that Act could and should be saved.
"There is no doubt about that. New Zealand needs a party which believes in the market, believes in smaller government. It is very hard to see the National Government reflecting that view at the moment."
Act had achieved some useful policies, such as partnership schools (also known as charter schools) and the Productivity Commission. "I think there is a need for a party with those views and can it be saved? I think the answer is yes but it requires an able and charismatic leader."
He said the survival of Act would probably be affected if a new liberal party was launched but he did not know if that would happen.
A bid for the seat has been ruled out by Mr Boscawen, former president Catherine Isaac and former Auckland Central candidate David Seymour.


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23 Dec
Finding The Perfect Loft For You: 2
Now that you know exactly what you can expect from a loft, how do you find one that suits your exact needs and what you want out of a building? Well, I can tell you for sure that finding a real estate agent is going to be the best bet in finding exactly what you want.
What a real estate agent can do for you is take what style that you tell them that you want and do a little bit of research and find something that suits your style. For example, you can pick a specific location or even a specific area and they will be able to tell you what is available in your price range.
Keep in mind though that lofts are not cheap – they are actually really expensive, so keep that in mind when renting.


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I recently attended a workshop at Wise Daughters. It was my first experience with Linoblock carving, and my second experience with Christine Pensa. As expected, it was a great afternoon, and I had a great time with the carving & stamping! Though I LOVED screen printing, it is material heavy and I probably won't get into it until I have my own place. Linoblock printing is a little more low maintenance, and I'm already brainstorming ideas! You should all check out the Wise Daughters workshops! I made a few simple patterns. Once I use my prints in some final artwork, I will post it all up! I actually scheduled this post, because I am currently on vacation! When I'm back stay tuned, I'm looking forward to a very creative summer.
Monthly Archives: April 2013
Toronto Skyline in pastels
Using 6″x8″ Canson Watercolor paper, Nu Pastels, and black acrylic paint, I created a simple Toronto Skyline.
The first time I finished it, I decided to spray it with protective spray, and it completely destroyed it! Ironic, but a lesson well learnt. I had to actually redo it, which ended up pretty quick the second time around. Here's a picture of the ruined version.
Tomorrow I leave Toronto behind for a vacation to London and Paris! Keep checking srisarts.tumblr.com for photo updates :)
Thread & Acrylic Floral Card
Geometric Gold Card
I used my embossing stamps, silver embossing powder, acrylic paint & little crystals I got from Etsy to make this 5×7 card. Ever since I got my Martha Stewart score board, I find that my cards look much more professional :) It's hard to see the 3D effect of the stamps. I tried to take a picture under light so you can see the full effect. The geometric pattern reminds me of those wooden doors in India.
Amazing Chocolate Chocolate-Chip Cookies
I don't claim to be a master chef, but I do love sharing a good recipe when I find one! These chewy chocolaty cookies were a huge hit with my friends & family, and they have lasted for days! I followed this recipe, with the following modifications.
- I cut the sugar down by 1/4 cup. I could probably cut it down by a full half cup next time. They're very sweet, which is not necessarily a bad thing!
- I used 1/2 semisweet chocolate chips & 1/2 white chocolate chips.
- I chilled my dough for about 30 minutes before rolling them into balls and sticking them in the oven. Without this step, I never would have been able to make 45 perfectly even cookies.
Red Paisley Indian Card
I created this card using acrylic paint, card stock, and some gold foil from the inside of an old envelope. I used a thick gold acrylic paint and some acrylic medium in order to get some depth into the border. It's hard to tell in the picture, but the red background shines in the light thanks to hints of gold paint :)
A Quarter Century Birthday Card
One of my closest & oldest friend celebrates her 25th birthday today! After celebrating almost every birthday together, it's actually crazy to imagine how old we've become and how old our friendship is. After living in the same country for our entire lives, she got an amazing job opportunity in London (England) that she just couldn't refuse. I decided to make her a card and ship it off to her. I got all of our common friends to contribute a personalized message :) This 5×7 card was made using card-stock & acrylic paint.
Pari, I wish you an amazing year, and all the very best in your fancy international career!


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Spiritualized - F****d Up Inside [LP] (180 Gram, limited)
$ 34.00
F****d Up Inside is the first live album ever issued by Spiritualized, it was originally released as a limited edition of 1,000 mail order only LP in 1993. Recorded on tour in 1992 while supporting Spritualized's debut release ''Lazer Guided Melodies'' this is the first album to document the power of the band live and has long been an out of print collector's item since it's initial release. Includes three songs from ''Lazer Guided Melodies'', two from the future Spiritualized album ''Pure Phase'', plus the Spacemen 3 favorite ''Walking With Jesus. Limited edition of 3,000 in a recreation of the original cover.


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New Democratic Party Logo? How about a New Organization InsteadPosted on September 22nd, 2010 No comments
Funny T-Shirts from FeelGoodGear.com
So there's a new Democratic Party Logo. Some bloggers have poked fun at it. And why shouldn't they? Our elected officials are mocking you every day with pure insanity. Guys, you don't need a new image, a new branding. Trust me, the Ass fits you just perfectly. No, what you need is a new organization…
Democrats for Understanding History.
Instead of doing what you do now, you'd get together every day in Washington D.C. and study the constitution, the founding fathers, and the history of the greatest country on God's Green Earth, the United States of America.
Maybe a little history lesson every day will help you to stop screwing up our country by turning us into a 3rd world banana republic with your globalist socialist agenda that is killing the middle class.
The poet and philosopher George Santayana said,
"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it."
For the love of God, people, socialism doesn't work! Please stop taking our money to spend our great grandchildren into oblivion!
Spreadshirt Market Place Design
Funny T-Shirt of the Day – American InfidelPosted on July 20th, 2010 No comments
New Funny T-Shirt of the Day – The Censored Swearword TeePosted on July 16th, 2010 No comments
Get your Censored Swearword T-Shirt Here
The Official Emoticon Database T-ShirtPosted on July 11th, 2010 No comments
The Official Emoticon Database Tee
At FeelGoodGear.com
funny tee shirt of the day – No Bull****Posted on June 13th, 2010 No comments
Warning… this zone is 100% guaranteed
Bovine Excrement Free.
Get it at FeelGoodGear.com


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Word of the Day, Web Site of the Day and Number to Know.
Word of the Day
Eponymous ih-PAH-nuh-mus (adj.) Of, relating to or being one for whom or which something is or is believed to be named -- www.merriam-webster.com
Here's where to recapture past minutes. Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
Go back in time
Web Site of the Day
This gaming Web site features general card, board, puzzle, sports and word games. Advertising sponsorships help keep the games free, although there is a paid membership that offers perks like no ads and exclusive games.
Number to Know
.406: Batting average that Ted Williams finished with on this date in 1941. No one has hit .400 for a full season since then.


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China Tuesday issued a white paper stressing that China adheres to the principle of independence and self-management in religious affairs, and that the principle is "a historic choice made by Chinese religious believers."
The white paper, titled "China's Policies and Practices on Protecting Freedom of Religious Belief," was issued by the State Council Information Office.
"Religious groups and religious affairs are not subject to control by foreign countries; this principle is enshrined in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China," the document said.
The principle of independence and self-management is "a historic choice made by Chinese religious believers in the Chinese people's struggle for national independence and social progress, as Catholicism and Protestantism, which were known as foreign religions in China, had long been controlled and utilized by colonialists and imperialists," according to the white paper.
It said that adhering to the principle of independence and self-management does not mean the severing of normal connections between religious organizations in China and their foreign counterparts.
The Chinese government supports and encourages all its religions to conduct international exchanges, to build, develop and consolidate friendly relations with religious groups overseas, to enhance mutual trust and eliminate misgivings, and to present a positive image based on independence, equality and mutual respect, the report said.
It said that the Chinese government will resolutely oppose and deal with foreign organizations and individuals engaging in activities which violate China's Constitution, laws, regulations and policies, their attempts to control China's religious organizations, to interfere in China's religious affairs and to subvert the Chinese government and socialist system under the guise of religion.


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Alexander Kowalski
"Cycles", the first studio album in 12 years of Berlin-based veteran dj/producer Alexander Kowalski. The triple-vinyl pack and CD is out in May via Bas Mooy's Mord records from Rotterdam. In a 20+ years long career, "Cycles" is Alexander's 5th full-length album, following memorable ones on Heiko Laux' Kanzleramt, and the 3rd one among Mord's prolific catalogue, following […]
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Integrated Urban Development (IUD) is the core market product of Renova StroyGroup. The main purpose of an IUD project is creation of a new comfortable urban living environment.
Prior and while launching IUD projects, Renova StroyGroup has undertaken a careful study of global experience of integrated development, starting from the period of active growth of large cities in the USA and Japan in the 1960s and in the European countries in the 1970s. Out of the study, the following key principles of successful IUD projects have emerged:
For an IUD project, it is crucial to finely balance comfortable residential areas and business districts that provide the residents with jobs. Therefore, an IUD project represents a wellconsidered combination of residential, industrial zones, warehouse facilities, retail and office programs.
Nowadays it is necessary to harmonize the otherwise heterogeneous urban community by means of providing equally good quality of life for different strata of population. Within an IUD, this is achieved by providing housing of different classes. Different neighbourhoods are at the same time integrated, whereas their inhabitants receive equal access to public realm, social, leisure and recreational facilities.
Newly developed large sites are placed outside the existing cities. An efficient transport system, which ensures the connection between the site and the centre of the city, is necessary to involve the new district into economic processes and to provide the comfort of living for its residents.
Global experience shows that a megalopolis is viable and competitive, if a balance between economic development and environment is found. Thus, one of the most important elements of IUD projects is their sustainability and preservation of environment that is used as a competitive advantage of the site. Environmental harmony in IUD projects is achieved by means of careful treatment of environment at the stage of urban development and engineering works on the site, as well as by means of using state-of-the-art nature-friendly materials and technologies in construction. IUD projects are part of RENOVA Group's strategic policy to improve the overall economic, social and ecological situation and create centres of growth in the areas where enterprises of the Group are located.


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13300 Sunnyside Drive
Fort St. John British Columbia
Canada , V1J 4H8
Fort St. John British Columbia
Canada , V1J 4H8
2019 Region 7B Wildlife RaffleAll funds generated will go towards wildlife or eco-restoration projects in region 7B.
DRAW DATE: Apr 29, 2019
DRAW Time: 17:00
Congratulations to this year's Winners!
Congratulations to Final Draw (Main Raffle) Winner!
Grand Prize – Velita S (00740)
2nd Prize – Rob E (00980)
Grand Prize - Dall Sheep Hunt w/ Northcurl Outfitters - $26,700.00
All in dall sheep hunt in the Yukon with Northcurl Outfitters. Travel voucher to get winner to Whitehorse, and a shoulder mount for the successfully harvested sheep. $24,000 USD, $1,500 CAD, $1,200 CAD
2nd Prize - Swarovski Spotting Scope - $3,000.00
Swarovski Spotting Scope
Tickets may be sold and purchased in British Columbia only. Orders will not be accepted via the internet from anyone outside the Province of British Columbia. Ticket purchasers must be 19 years of age or older. If a winning ticket bears a minor's name, the prize will be lawfully delivered on behalf of the minor to the minor's parent, legal guardian or trustee.
Chances are 1 in 1000 (total tickets for sale) to win a grand prize.
BC Gaming Event Licence #109319
Know your limit, play within it
Problem Gambling Help Line 1-888-795-6111
19+ to play


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CBD-Only Legislation Will Likely Be Unworkable For Most Patients
Lawmakers in four states — Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, and Utah — are poised to enact legislation in the coming days/weeks aimed at providing patients, primarily children with forms of intractable epilepsy, with strains of cannabis and/or cannabis extracts high in the compound cannabidiol (CBD).
I have previously written why, in theory, these proposals will likely provide only limited relief for patients. A closer look at the text of these proposed laws indicates that, in fact, they are largely unworkable and will most likely provide no tangible relief or protection for the patient community they are intended to serve.
Excerpt via Alternet.org. (Read the entire article here.)
Alabama: Senate lawmakers unanimously approved SB 174, aka "Carley's Law," which seeks to allow investigators at the University of Alabama to study CBD in FDA-approved trials. But no change in state law is actually necessary to permit state university researchers to conduct clinical trials on cannabidiol. Such FDA-approved protocols are already permitted under federal law, but they require the added approval of regulators at the DEA, NIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse), and PHS (Public Health Service). However, since CBD (like marijuana) is classified as a Schedule I substance under federal law, these agencies have historically been reticent to allow such studies to go forward, a fact that will likely remain unchanged even if House members similarly sign off on Carley's Law.
Georgia: A Senate panel last week amended and approved House Bill 885, aka "Haley's Hope Act." …The amended Senate plan … only provides for an exemption from state prosecution for those who obtain CBD oil from a legal medical marijuana state and transport it back to Georgia. In theory, this would allow Georgia parents to visit a state like Colorado to obtain medicine for their children. But in practice, Colorado's medical marijuana law only allows those who are state residents and who possess a state-issued patient identification card to legally purchase such products. In other words, Georgia parents would have to violate Colorado law to obtain CBD-oils (which are likely to only be available from a medical dispensary, not a retail cannabis market). Colorado medical marijuana dispensaries would also be in violation of not just the letter of the law, but also the spirit of the law by providing a product they know is intended to be transported across state lines—a clear violation of the guidelines put forward in the August 2013 Department of Justice memo which call for "preventing the diversion of marijuana from states where it is legal in some form to other states."
Kentucky: Senators last week gave unanimous approval to Senate Bill 124. Like Alabama's proposal, the bill calls on University of Kentucky researchers to study CBD in clinical trials — something they could do with or without passage of a new state law, if the necessary federal agencies agreed to it. The measure also seeks to allow physicians at state teaching hospitals to recommend CBD to patients. However, past experience from other states indicates that this latter scenario is unlikely. In 2013, Maryland lawmakers enacted legislation to allow physicians at the state's limited number of teaching hospitals to dispense cannabis. To date, no Maryland hospitals have taken up the state's invitation to do so.
Utah: House and Senate lawmakers have given final approval to House Bill 105. Utah's governor is expected to sign the measure into law imminently. Like Georgia's proposal, the Utah measure, which sunsets in 2016, provides protection from state prosecution for parents who can acquire CBD-oil for their epileptic children, assuming a neurologist has authorized the treatment. But, as will be the case in Georgia, Utah patients will likely only be able to obtain CBD from out of state, an act that would violate neighboring states' medical cannabis laws. The Utah proposal also calls on the state Department of Agriculture to grow industrial hemp for the purposes of one day producing cannabis medicines. However, it remains to be seen whether such industrial crops can yield therapeutically effective CBD-extracts or whether federal lawmakers would even allow such a state-sponsored research project to move forward.
Posted in : GOVERNMENT, LEGISLATION
57 responses to "CBD-Only Legislation Will Likely Be Unworkable For Most Patients"
March 19, 2014
Indiana is one of those states in which much crop land is given over to raising corn. A high percentage of that corn is expensively used to feed livestock which are turned into meat, a habit which many Americans would do well to reduce.
I have read that corn is a good precursor crop for cannabis. And if there should ever be more industrial hemp raised than necessary, I have read that hemp is a good precursor crop for TREES. Increased forest (anywhere we can grow some) will eat CO2 and protect against climate harm.
Stay on them Paul!
And stay on them Dr. Gupta!
Cannabinoids work their neurological homeostatic magic together, not isolated into individual molecules as pharmacueticals are patented to do.
We will accept growing our own and nothing less.
It would seem that these states are only willing show the appearance of allowing a minimal component of medical marijuana and only for the extreme cases of childhood epilepsy. And to add to that, require it to be illegally exported from another state.
This is the worst example of "Catch 22" legislation I have ever seem. Every one of these cowards should be voted out of office.
The residents of Georgia should sue their statengovernment! Any government that puts their people in the situation or choosing between a sick child and federal prosecution is criminal. They sit there telling us its all bad and doesn't work, when we see it working everywhere, everyday for just about everything. Now they say, I see some good but were not gunna provide you any way to obtain it, were only gunna tell you that if you want to run the gauntlet of risking federal drug trafficking charges we'll be OK if you make it back. Its pure lazy and an attempt to look like you did something to feel good about, but really made it worse. Watch how quick it starts becoming easier to get when its the politicians and law enforcement that have sick children.
The official paranoia over cannabis, especially the much dreaded euphoric effects, is starting to fade. Soon, this absurd fear of perhaps the single most beneficial plant that nature provides to humans, will be regarded as the most misguided and just plain stupid public policy ever devised.
All of those states are deceived, religious cult states that regard themselves as supreme beings when they are actually nothing more than two-faced, ignorant hypocrites…
This is a great disservice to the residents of those states. What about all of the other health conditions, especially cancer, that can be treated with cannabis?
From what the science shows about cannabis reducing free-radical damage, via its antioxidant profile, it has shown to be effective for treating and preventing practically every "Age-related disease." Are the residents of those states not worthy or deserving enough to benefit from this wonderful plant?
Moreover when we really dig into it, every citizen deserves rightful access whether it is for medical reasons or just therapeutic and recreational. You can grow ginseng in your backyard, tomatoes, even grapes to craft wine – and as much as you want! Here we have the most potent, useful botanical known to mankind and politicians want you to think you don't deserve access to it?
It's time to WAKE UP and realize how important this crop is to the longevity of our people and planet – especially including its cousin, Industrial Hemp.
None of this is surprising. Looks like they are just going through the motions so they can claim they're 'sensitive to the public needs.'
I think the more cerebral THC is more useful in dealing with mental problems, at least in adults. I'm not sure a child could understand what was happening to him/her, though, which can cause anxiety.
An insect is aware. It responds to stimuli. A human is aware that it is aware. We can talk about our awareness. With some THC and properly applied meditation, we can become aware that we are aware we are aware. This really helped me in learning to deal successfully with my Asperger's syndrome and the mental illness it brought on.
Guess I'm still a bit of a psychonaut, huh?
This whole CBD business is fishy. Gupta is not our ally. He stands by the pharmaceutical companies who wish to bank off cannabis. The people need to wise up to this take over of cannabis by the pharmaceutical and health care industry. Do not vote for laws that give them, and only them, power over this plant, and your life.


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Rotary Form, Fill and Seal Machines
Intermittently working rotary machines to form, fill and seal flat or stand-up pouches made from reel, also with reclosure systems.
Application range: Food, Pet Food, Beverages, Pharmaceuticals, Nonfood, Household, Personal Care
- Duplex, Triplex, Quadro, Quinta available
- 10 stations for the multi flexible use of filling systems and additional equipment (e.g. Nitrogen gassing)
- Up to 20% saving of packaging material
- Servo driven sealing systems
- Easy access for operators
- Compact, modular design
- Dosing equipment: Slide doser, auger doser, scales, micro doser for smallest volumes, rotary and valve pumpdoser, flow meter
- Hygienic construction and easy cleaning
- Central operation and visualization via touch screen
- Synchronization with linear and multi-head weigher


text:
Book Description
Sometimes the person you most need is the one least like you.
Kathryn Davies is a bright young woman from a prominent Phoenix family. But after making a leap of faith at a Christian music fest, dropping out of med school, and moving to inner city Chicago, her family has all but disowned her. Kat's enthusiasm for her newfound faith tempers the sting of their rejection.
When Kat discovers SouledOut Community Church, she longs to become a part of the multi-cultural church family. But her tendency to say whatever she's thinking and her eccentric ways step on the toes of nearly everyone she meets—especially Avis Douglass, a woman she admires but who seems distant.
Avis is known for her mature faith and her reliance on listening to God more than people. Married to a kind and successful businessman, she is the principal of one of Chicago's highest performing elementary schools, and a founding and active member of SouledOut. But the country's economic downturn has thrown both her and her husband's jobs in question. And Avis hasn't heard from her youngest daughter in months—an estrangement that gnaws at her every day. Where is God in all this?
Kat's flamboyant zeal for living a "radical" Christian life is a stark contrast to Avis's quiet crisis of faith. But in God's own mysterious ways, the two women discover they need each other in ways neither of them expected.
My Review
I really enjoyed this book. It's a classic reminder of not only "Don't judge a book by its cover" combined with "You can never know a person unless you've walked a mile in their moccasins."
I totally identified with Kat, who spent her childhood trying to meet the expectations of her parents. Since everyone one else in her family were doctors, Kat was also expected to follow this planned-out path. Looking to get away from the grind, Kat goes on a trip away from home that lands her at a Christian concert event. Unexpectedly, Kat finds herself getting caught up in the excitement, and she gives her life to Christ.
As a newly minted Christian, Kat has no idea what to do next………… Connecting with some other college student at the event, Kat decides to make a huge change in her life: leave medical school in Phoenix and attend the Christian college there in Chicago. Making a change to education, Kat is actively seeking out the "urban" lifestyle- a lifestyle completely opposite of everything she's ever known.
Along with her new friends from college, they begin to worship at a multi-cultural church that turns out to have its own issues……
This title is an extension of a series revolving around a prayer group that some of the church's members were involved in. I hadn't read any of those titles, but they weren't essential to this story line. This is book #1 in the SouledOut Sisters series.
I really liked these characters. There were as real to me as any people I know in real life, without being caricatures. They were complex, and I am sure every one of us knows people like these in our own lives. We may even be struggling with what to do with "that one person who really annoys us." 🙂
While the ending of this book wrapped up the primary story, it also left it open to a sequel. I absolutely would love to follow these characters and see how they mature.
I give this title 5 out of 5 stars.
This book is available March 13, 2012.
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Disclosure of Material Connection: I received this book free from the publisher through the BookSneeze®.com <http://BookSneeze®.com> book review bloggers program. I was not required to write a positive review. The opinions I have expressed are my own. I am disclosing this in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission's 16 CFR, Part 255 <http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_03/16cfr255_03.html> : "Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising.


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The journey to Jones
It was a long, winding journey for the process to find Tennessee's 24th head football coach.
Here's a quick refresher on a wild, nearly month-long odyssey.
Nov. 11 - VolQuest.com reports that Derek Dooley's days are imminently numbered in the aftermath of a stunning, four-overtime loss at home to Missouri. No UT official offers Dooley any endorsement throughout the week, and the hours are numbered on Nov. 17 when the Vols are blown out at Vanderbilt.
Nov. 18 - Tennessee officially relieves Derek Dooley as the head coach of the University's football team. Offensive coordinator Jim Chaney is tagged as the interim head coach and so begins a national search for a new head coach that would last 19 days. Dave Hart assumes virtual control of the football program, even calling recruits as the process ever-so-slowly unfolds.
Week of Nov. 19-25 - As the Tennessee football team prepares for its last game against Kentucky, athletic director Dave Hart prepares for his coaching search. Hart and his administrative team dive into numerous coaching candidates, but just as importantly, Hart meets with chancellor Jimmy Cheek to get things between the academics and athletics more in-tune with one another which lead to ...
Nov. 20 - UT announces that for the next three years the money the athletic department has contributed to the campus will be reinvested in the athletics department to the tune of $18 million. This is seen as a significant step in mending a sometimes tenuous relationship between academics and athletics at UT.
Nov. 28 - The first real significant news about candidates and the search emerges when sources both sides tell VolQuest.com and other media outlets report that Tennessee had set up a tentative meeting with Gruden, but Gruden turned down the meeting on Nov. 27. Numerous sources on Wednesday indicated the cancellation came as result of what would have been a second set of discussions, but the first formal face-to-face talks between Gruden and UT officials but one that was not expected to result in a contract or formal offer.
Nov. 30 - Even after the canceled meeting between Tennessee and Gruden, rumors continued to swirl that Gruden was a top candidate for the Tennessee job. But, some half-dozen sources told VolQuest.com the morning of Nov. 30 that Gruden both declined an offer to meet with UT officials, most notably vice chancellor and director of athletics Dave Hart, and that neither side ever got to a point where a financial framework was outlined.
The news comes on the heels of a report in the Nov. 30 edition of the Chattanooga Times Free Press that alleged Gruden was mulling over an offer and could decide on his own time frame, a report labeled "irresponsible" by someone familiar with proceedings. UT and Gruden's camp deny the report vehemently, with Gruden's agent calling the chatter "fantasy world."
That Friday, Nov. 30, sources told VolQuest Tennessee athletic director Dave Hart and another high-ranking UT official spent numerous hours with Louisville head coach Charlie Strong. Multiple sources said that Strong felt the interview went well and that he would have a shot for the Tennessee job.
Dec. 2 Tennessee officials fly to Stillwater, Okla., where they interview Oklahoma State head coach Mike Gundy in his own house. After the interview, Gundy indicated to a few close to him that he could have the job if he wanted it. While it seemingly became a waiting game with Gundy, Strong continued to call people familiar with the Tennessee job to find out more about it.
Dec. 4 - . Multiple sources told VolQuest.com that Strong had emerged as the clubhouse leader. Strong has been talking to several coaches about possibly joining him on a Tennessee staff, a staff that would likely have a Vol feel to it.
Strong spent the day in his Louisville office and sources say spent a good bit of the afternoon continuing to research the Tennessee job making sure he had answers to any final questions he had about the University and the job, including questions about academics. Tuesday evening Strong even visited with an NFL scout who was in Louisville about the Tennessee job.
But, by Tuesday night Strong hadn't made a decision.
Dec. 5 - Early Dec. 5, Gundy turned Tennessee's offer - or Tennessee's pressed forward in attempted action - leaving no doubt who Tennessee's target was in its search for a head coach. Strong spent Wednesday morning visiting by phone with Tennessee athletics director Dave Hart, as Louisville's athletics director Tom Jurich has been working on a contract extension and raise for his third year head coach.
Late Wednesday afternoon, Hart, his wife, and Executive Senior Associate Athletic Director Jon Gilbert flew to Louisville for a final hour face-to-face meeting with Strong to try and secure a deal with Strong. The indication from those close to the situation Wednesday evening was that Tennessee felt optimistic about introducing Strong as its new head coach Thursday morning. But, Strong informed Tennessee later Wednesday night that he will remain at Louisville, turning down a deal from Tennessee hovering at or perhaps slightly above $4 million annually.
The search would move into day 18 with no head coach and seemingly having to start over again.
Dec. 6 - The day started with Tennessee taking another look at the candidates left on the board after field several calls late Wednesday night and early Thursday morning with coaches letting Tennessee know they were interested.
Throughout the sorting of names and calls made, Cincinnati's Butch Jones remained. Jones had made it clear to anyone who would listen even before Derek Dooley was fired that he wanted the job. Jones was blown away by everything at Tennessee when he brought his team to Knoxville last season. Jones' people spoke with Tennessee Wednesday night to see if the Vols would have interest following Strong's withdraw. And there was mutual interest.
The Cincinnati coach was in position to take the Colorado job, but put the brakes on the Buffaloes to talk Tennessee. Colorado's athletic director was likely talking about the Vols when he told the Denver Post that something came up Wednesday night.
Thursday Tennessee spent part of the day vetting Jones. They had done background work into Jones before, but really got into that work on Thursday because no one thought this is where Tennessee's coaching. The reviews from football people regarding Jones seem very positive.
Hart was in Knoxville most of the day but Thursday evening after hosting a small Christmas party in the skybox at Neyland-Stadium, sources said Tennessee officials left to go to Kentucky where they visited with Jones. Jones was said to be encouraged with things, but didn't tell anyone that he has received a formal offer from the Vols. Hart told UTAD employees at the party he hoped they got what they wished for for Christmas; he said he wanted a football coach.
Dec. 7 - Early Friday morning at approximately 6:35 a.m., Volquest.com receives confirmation from sources that Butch Jones would be the next head coach of the Tennessee football team.
Click Here to view this Link.


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In Naples, the exhibition is entitled 'Archeologia che torna' and will take place in the Palazzo Reale from 8th May until 30th September. As well as stolen archaeological finds it will feature objects from clandestine excavations. A large number are southern Italian or Etruscan in origin, their dates range from the 8th century BC to the 5th century AD. Objects from Pompeii will include the fresco of a 'female figure' stolen from the House of Fabius Rufus around 1975 and recovered in 2008 and the double bronze herm (faun and Satyr) stolen in 1988 and recovered just a few months later.
Further information:


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I'm finally home. I was in Ormoc city and Tacloban city for 10 days last month as one of World Vision's first responders team. I've been a first responder in many disasters over my nine years as part of this organisation, but even as a Filipina, typhoon Haiyan is the worst I've known. I was there for our initial assessment of the need and our response, and now I'm back in Manila where I'm usually based – though I grew up in the province of Camarines Sur, in the Bicol region of Luzon Island – waiting to hear when I'll be deployed back to Tacloban.
The trip from Cebu to Ormoc took a lot longer than usual. The pier was packed with people waiting for their loved ones, who were bringing food. Then the two-hour trip getting from Ormoc to Tacloban turned into two days: six hours in a jeepney (our colourful buses), being stranded overnight, and then four hours in a habal-habal, a motorcycle taxi.
By 6am on my first day in Tacloban, more than 100 people were queueing in front of a bakery: some of them had been there since 4am. The owner only allowed each person 50 Philippine pesos (60p) worth of bread, so everyone got some. At the two petrol stations, hundreds of people – children and adults – were also queueing. When we left the city, we lost communication with the office. My time in Tacloban brought an endless view of destruction – flattened houses, schools, government offices, hospitals, markets. Sugarcane, banana, coconut, bamboo and other trees were uprooted. I kept wondering: where are all the children? How can they survive? How and when can they go back to school? When did they have their last meal? Where are they sleeping now?
For six hours, we travelled in a jeepney, and stopped at Alangalang. A rice warehouse had been looted. All that people wanted was to feed their hungry families. Two colleagues and I wanted to get back to Tacloban, but we couldn't find a habal-habal, so we agreed to head instead to a nearby town, Carigara, where a colleague's family live. We found a jeepney driver who needed to get back to Ormoc city; his family were sleeping in the jeepney because their house had been damaged in the typhoon. Even so, the driver and his family welcomed us and shared their food with us. That was the last day we ate rice and had three meals a day.
Tacloban was in chaos. The road to city hall was littered with rubble, with the bodies of dead children and animals on both sides of the street; only some were covered up. Tacloban's convention centre had became the evacuation centre two days before the typhoon. In the dusk light, I talked to a mother who was cooking instant noodles given to her by men who had looted a grocery store. Another was having dried fish for dinner, given by people who had looted the market. They told me the "looters" shared whatever they found, so everybody had something to eat. Men told me that they hadn't eaten for several days. What little food they had, they gave to their children.
When they asked me when food aid was arriving, I had to explain that it was extremely difficult to bring in aid because some roads were – and still are – not passable.
Apart from the light from cooking fires and the burning of old tyres for heat, Tacloban was in total darkness when night fell. Soldiers and police officers were patrolling strategic roads and areas, and a curfew from 8pm and 5am had been imposed. Every village had organised groups of men to guard the entrance and exit points in their area.
Mildred, our programme officer, took us to her home. We had porridge for dinner, and bread and coffee for breakfast. When we reached the city hall at 3pm the next day, we ate the rest of the bread and canned food we had brought with us. I thought of all the children who would sleep hungry on the cold floors of the evacuation centres and makeshift houses that night, and prayed that it wouldn't rain.
Doing our assessment work in Tacloban was difficult. We could find motorcycles but we couldn't find any fuel. Many of our team walked miles to their meetings in different places. We relied on resourceful colleagues who would somehow rustle up some fried fish and rice, or come from their family home with cassava and vegetables to share.
As we left at the end of 10 days, having secured a lift in a military plane, I divided 20 biscuits I had among the team so that we would eat that day; I was lucky to enjoy a meal and a hotel bed once in Cebu before the last leg of our trip back to Manila and our families. But the children and families in Tacloban are still there, and they have no such escape.
• Leoniza Morales is a communications officer for World Vision Philippines


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LOW SUGAR JELLIES, BUTTERS and SPREADS: 12 Luscious Varieties! Choose from a small (1.5 oz.) jar for $2.00 PPD. or a large (9 oz.) jar for $7.00 PPD..
Do you prefer to order by the case? No problem! One case of 1.5 oz jars (24 per case) is $48.00 PPD. One case of 9 oz. jars (12 per case) is $84.00 PPD.


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Marinades easily, simply, & brilliantly get tofu to "pop" with flavor. If you get the marinade going ahead of time, they're also fast.
Squeeze or drain the tofu very well beforehand, slice it (see below), put in a watertight lunch container with the marinade ingredients, and refrigerate for 1/2 hour or more (1 hour is better), shaking or turning upside-down every 15-30 min (you can even open the container up and rearrange things to help ensure maximum absorption).
To pan-sear: Cut tofu into 3/4-inch cubes and marinade. Once marinaded, arrange, sans oil, in your favorite super-nonstick, tofu-friendly pan and sear each side until firm and crunchy (should be the color of medium to well-done toast, but not burnt).
To bake: Preheat oven to 400° F. Cut tofu into 1/2 slices, then slice crosswise into strips 1/4 to 3/8 inches wide and 2 to 3 inches long. Prick on both sides with a fork, marinade, then place in a nonstick or lightly-oiled baking sheet, reserving any unabsorbed marinade if serving tofu on its own. Cover sheet with parchment paper or foil and bake 30-45+ minutes (depending on how dry you want it), turning ever 15 min or so. If serving tofu on its own, after baking, add back the reserved liquid and test seasoning to add more sauce or herbs as necessary.
The Recipes:
- 1-6 – Basic Baked Tofu (also: Spicy, Sweet & Sour, Chipotle, Barbecue, and Southern Tofu)
- 7 – Lemon-Herb Tofu
- 8 – Emily's Magical Baked Tofu
- 9 – Spicy Asian Tofu
- 10 – Easy "Italian" Tofu
- 11 – Extra: Tangerine Tofu
Bonus Tips:
- Timing: I like to put together the marinade before going out on a run or hike; after I've cleaned up, the tofu is ready to cook for an easy dinner, along with rice (or pasta) and a salad.
- Tofu: I like Trader Joe's firm tofu because it's in 2 containers for easy halving and is more amicable to getting the juice REALLY pressed out of it. For Azumaya tofu I cut out the top label along the inner edge of the tofu container, then use the plastic to press the tofu down while I squeeze from the sides. Instead of squeezing, the tofu-wary &/or faint of heart can just slice the tofu and put it between two plates, bottom plate tilted to drain, with some books on top (takes longer, though).
- Meat Eaters: Most of these are equally superb with tofu or chicken, but if you're going with real meat, cut the soy sauce down by half, add another tablespoon of oil, and marinade overnight or up to 3 days, depending on how juicy and tender you want the results to be. For longer-marinaded items slated for the barbecue, be careful not to cook at too high a heat, or the juicy middles will stay undercooked while the outsides burn. Easy solution: halve breasts lengthwise-flatwise before marinading. Obviously, always discard marinade used for meat; never use it for anything afterward. If you need additional marinade, make a separate batch that won't touch the raw stuff.


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This morning, Kerry Washington became the first African American woman to earn a best actress Emmy nomination in 18 years.
Nominees for the 65th annual Primetime Emmy Awards were announced Thursday morning at the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences in North Hollywood.
Washington made the cut for Lead Actress in a Drama for her role as DC fixer Olivia Pope in the ABC series "Scandal." Cicely Tyson appeared in the same category in 1995 for her NBC legal drama "Sweet Justice," but she eventually lost to "Picket Fences" star Kathy Baker.
A black actress has never won this category in the Emmy Awards' 65 year history. Washington will face competition from fellow nominees Connie Britton of "Nashville," Claire Danes of "Homeland," "Downton Abbey" star Michelle Dockery, Vera Farmiga of "Bates Motel" and Robin Wright in the Netflix series "House of Cards."
Don Cheadle, star of Showtime's "House of Lies," earned his second consecutive Lead Actor in a Comedy nomination and 6th Emmy nod overall. He'll battle Alec Baldwin of "30 Rock," Jason Bateman of "Arrested Development," "Louie" star Louis C.K., Matt LeBlanc of "Episodes" and Jim Parsons of "The Big Bang Theory."
Alfre Woodard of the Lifetime Original Movie "Steel Magnolias" is a nominee for Best Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie, while Paris Barclay nabbed a directing nomination for "Glee's" 13th episode of season four, titled "Diva."


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A soldier voided the vote of Polling Unit 7, Ward 2 of Igbotako in Okitipupa LGA.
Labour Party members insisted the vote will not be counted and they began throwing stones and beating up ACN and PDP members.
During accreditation, the polling officers made a mistake while counting the number of accredited voters. They counted 244. While voting was ongoing, the polling officer discovered that some people who came for accreditation had their thumb marked, but their names were not ticked on the list.
This mistake was reported to all the three parties' agents, who agreed that voting should continue. At the end of voting, 254 voted.
Labour Party agent flared up, insisting the vote must be cancelled. He denied ever being informed of any mistake. The Presiding Officer said the vote should be counted while any complaints should be written on the form provided for party agents. All entreaties by law enforcement agents and two other party agents to allow the vote be counted were met with strong refusal.
An Army officer declared the vote void when threats of violence were growing beyond control, a decision that drew chants from Labour Party supporters.
Consequently, the results from other polling units were not announced as expected.


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Meritorious Basis Affidavit 1
RE: Wendy Bums/Your File #4A0762-01
Dear Mr. Donald J. Mock,
I have had an opportunity to review the provided medical records related to the treatment and care of Ms. Bums.
It is my opinion, as a physician qualified to render same, being in a medical practice for more than six [6] years and qualified in this area of the Healing Arts, that there is a reasonable meritorious basis for bringing action against Drs. William Seneca, Steven Seneca and Kimberly Bruneau on behalf of Ms. Bums for [1] not obtaining appropriate testing before prescribing oral contraceptives to a women at risk for complications from same, [2] failure to monitor appropriate lab tests as well as blood pressure monitoring for a woman known to be hypertensive, [3] for continuing a medication longer than needed to control a clinical symptom, [4] for failure to provide informed consent about the risks versus benefits of continued oral contraceptives in a women with known hypertension and with no need for contraception.
That as a consequence, Ms. Burns suffered an acute stroke on 09/18/03.
That the standard of care would have required [1] that a lipid profile be obtained prior to or at the time of initiation of oral contraceptives in a woman of similar age, [2] that said lipid profile, if abnormal, would be addressed and treated appropriately and/or monitored as indicated along with blood pressure monitoring of a more frequent nature [and treatment and/or referral of any abnormality of same], [3] once a medication is successful in resolving a clinical situation, said medication should be reviewed for appropriate continuance, if needed, as well as alternative medications as appropriate, as well as consideration to discontinuance of said medication, [4] prescribed oral contraceptive is a known agent in increasing the risk of developing as well as aggravating hypertension as well as stroke - no indication that said review of risks versus benefits of continued medication was given to the patient, as well as failure to treat this patient's hypertension or to refer her to another physician specifically for this problem.Look at our medical malpractice page for more information


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Hey yall! Happy Friday!
Was it just me, or did this week drag by? Something about short weeks always makes them feel extra long...
Well, we finally started to get into the turkey spirit this week! We've started our plants/animals unit in science, so I thought it was the perfect week to start learning about turkeys!
We started by reading some informational texts about turkeys that I checked out from our library.
Then we used a graphic organizer from sweet Rachelle over at Want the Teacher Wants to help us get our facts in order (what would we do without all these wonderful bloggy resources???). We made a large class anchor chart, and my kiddos put their own chart in their reading journals.
We discussed some good opening and closing sentences and brainstormed a few that might work for this type of writing. Then my kiddos got to work! They certainly love informational writing! As a fun Friday activity, we whipped up some quick little turkeys to go with our writing.
I love how all their turkeys turned out a little different. I gave them patterns for the body and feathers, but had them choose their own googly eyes and add feet and a beak. My room was littered with a bazillion tiny pieces of orange paper, but they were super engaged so it was worth it!
We've got lots more Thanksgiving goodness planned for next week, so I'm hoping to fill all the boards with student work! What are some fun activities you have planned for next week?
Happy weekend, friends!


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We believe it takes great skill, a brilliant idea and plenty of guts to build a successful company.
Sustaining your company in a complex legal and financial world requires committed, professional advisers who understand what is expected of them.
We know the role you need your advisors to play within your organisation but we also understand the bigger picture.
What better than a collaborative environment where everyone is working towards the same unified goal for the success of your business?
It is our belief that common values and positive energy form the foundation for delivering professional, comprehensive counsel to help you make sound decisions for a successful business.


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ATLAS Breaks New Ground In Device Simulation
The device simulation capabilities offered by Silvaco are now all integrated into ATLAS. This modular architecture contains unique products, and provides users with unparalleled flexibility, convenience and ease of use. The purpose of this article is to present the current status of ATLAS. The overall architecture is reviewed, and details of several new capabilities are presented.
The ATLAS Architecture
The heart of the ATLAS architecture is a development "toolkit" that includes: an input parser; a variety of numerical capabilities (e.g. for discretization, nonlinear iteration, and the solution of linear systems); various post-processing capabilities; and a data base of material parameters. The individual products that are built on this foundation work together seamlessly.
ATLAS presently consists of eleven products. Eight of these are targeted at one- and two-dimensional simulation, and three are for three-dimensional simulation. Users need acquire only those products that are relevant to their needs, and retain the flexibility to acquire additional functionality at any time. The overall architecture is depicted in Figure 1.
Figure 1. The ATLAS architecture for 2-D and 3-D device simulation.
Basic Capabilities
Users have a choice of Blaze or S-Pisces as their base 1-D and 2-D simulator. Blaze handles arbitrary semiconductor materials and combinations of semiconductors (i.e. heterojunction devices). S-Pisces is specialized for the simulation of silicon devices. Both Blaze and S-Pisces include capabilities that other suppliers do not offer, or provide only as extra-cost options. Two examples are non-local (energy balance) transport, and the physical models required to simulate non-volatile memory devices.
Specialized Capabilities
The products that work in conjunction with Blaze or S-Pisces are Giga, MixedMode, ESD, TFT, Luminous and Laser. Giga adds the ability to simulate lattice heating and heatsinks. MixedMode provides the ability to mix numerically-simulated devices and circuit models within a circuit simulation environment. ESD is a new product that works in conjunction with Giga and MixedMode to automate the simulation of electrostatic discharge experiments. TFT provides the ability to simulate amorphous and general polycrystalline materials. Luminous adds the ability to simulate optoelectronic devices. Laser adds the ability to simulate stimulated emission with coupling to electromagnetic fields.
1994 Development Highlights
ATLAS has undergone major enhancements and refinements during 1994. A significant development is the incorporation of 3-D capabilities. The 2-D capabilities were available previously in a product called ATLAS II. With the inclusion of 3-D capabilities the name of the product becomes simply ATLAS.
Another significant development is the implementation of a new "six-equation" solver. This includes the effects of both non-local transport (e.g. velocity overshoot) and non-isothermal effects (lattice heating). The six equation solver represents a major breakthrough in device simulation capabilities.
A new ESD product, which works in conjunction with Giga and MixedMode, automates the simulation of electrostatic discharge tests. Many other refinements, such as improved curve tracing, have also been added.
Three-Dimensional Capabilities
Silvaco previously offered the Thunder 3-D device simulator. This product worked well, but its input syntax differed from that of S-Pisces, and the physical models were not always identical. These limitations have now been eliminated. Physical models and input syntax are now common to the 2-D and 3-D capabilities. In addition ATLAS can determine at run time whether to perform calculations in 1-D, 2-D or 3-D.
ATLAS contains three 3-D products. These are Device3D, Interconnect3D and Thermal3D. The applications of each product are indicated by their names. Interconnect3D is a significant improvement over earlier generations of parasitic element extractor. It handles very general, realistic topographies, and it interfaces seamlessly with MaskViews (and therefore to GDS2 layout data). Figure 2 shows an idealized interconnect structure that was generated automatically from layout data. The article on ATHENA elsewhere in this issue shows an example of a realistic interconnect structure that was prepared for analysis by Interconnect3D.
Figure 2. This interconnect structure
was generated automatically
from layout. It was then provided as input to Interconnect3D.
Thermal3D calculates the thermal characteristics of general 3-D structures that can extend all the way up to the chip and subsystem levels. Figure 3 shows a temperature distribution that was calculated for a multi-finger MESFET device, in order to determine the extent of the temperature difference between the central and outer fingers.
Figure 3. This temperature distribution
was calculated for a multi-finger
MESFET structure. (Symmetry considerations allow the simulation of
only one quarter of the actual structure).
Six Equation Solver
Until the past few years device simulation was based on the solution of three equations - one each for electrons, holes and electrostatic potential. This "drift-diffusion" approximation contains two major assumptions: that transport parameters are determined by the local instantaneous electric field (the 'local' approximation), and that the lattice temperature is constant (the 'isothermal' approximation).
The 'energy balance' models that have been developed during the past few years provide a description of non-local effects such as velocity overshoot and reduced impact ionization. Energy balance models introduce two additional equations, one each for electrons and holes. Other efforts have been directed towards the elimination of the isothermal approximation. This involves solving an additional equation for the heat flux. A lot of work has been directed towards eliminating either the local approximation or the isothermal approximation. Much less effort has been directed towards the harder problem of removing both assumptions simultaneously.
Silvaco has now developed the first commercial device simulator that removes both assumptions and solves all six equations simultaneously[1]. The use of 'fully coupled' solution techniques means that efficiency, convergence and robustness are all excellent. The new 'six equation solver' is very general. It handles arbitrary materials, heterojunction devices, and very high current breakdown conditions. Small-signal AC analysis can be performed for all six equations, or for any meaningful subset.
The simultaneous solution of the energy balance equations and the lattice heating equation provides a major increase in the effectiveness of device simulation. It is already clear that 'six equation' solutions allow much more accurate simulation of submicron BJT's. Earlier generations of device simulators provide agreement with BJT measurements only after parameters such as recombination times and minority carrier mobilities are adjusted. This is unsatisfactory because it impairs predictive capabilities, and because the fitted values of parameters often exhibit anomalous, apparently unphysical, behavior. The use of 'six equation physics' substantially eliminates these problems.
Because six-equation physics is important for the simulation of bipolar devices, it is also important for BiCMOS technologies and (because of parasitic bipolar effects) SOI technologies. In addition, SiO2 and III-V materials have much lower thermal conductivities than silicon. This increases the relative importance of nonisothermal and non-local transport effects in SOI, III-V and heterojunction technologies. Six-equation physics is important for all devices under conditions of high current breakdown.
An example of the capabilities of the new six equation solver is shown in Figures 4 and 5. Figure 4 shows the breakdown behavior of a SiGe PMOS transistor calculated using drift-diffusion (DD), energy balance (EB), non-isothermal drift-diffusion (NDD) and the full six equation model, and non-isothermal energy balance (NEB). In the pre-breakdown region the results are quite similar, because velocity overshoot is relatively small for holes and relatively small amounts of heating do not have a major impact on MOS devices. Results differ significantly in the breakdown region. The DD and EB models do not predict second breakdown, and the NDD model predicts breakdown too soon. Figure 5 shows the peak temperature calculated using the NDD and NEB models. The NDD model is overly pessimistic with respect to predicted thermal constraints.
Figure 4. The breakdown characteristics
of a SiGe PMOS
transistor calculated using different physical models.
Figure 5. Maximum lattice temperature
as a function of drain
voltage. Results are shown up to temperatures well above those that
would be associated with a functioning device.
The ESD Product
The six equation solver makes the simulation of electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection devices much more accurate. These devices can be simulated in a realistic test circuit (e.g. Human Body Model) using MixedMode. The ESD product automates the setup, running, and data extraction involved in simulating standard and user-defined tests on ESD protection devices.
Curve Tracer
The automatic curve tracing capabilities in ATLAS have been enhanced to provide improved robustness, stability, and automatic stepping. The curve tracing works equally well for three, four, five or six equation physics. Figure 6 shows the use of the new curve tracing capabilities for calculating the breakdown behavior of a Si MOSFET using six equation physics and automatic curve tracing.
Figure 6. Breakdown characteristics
of a Si MOSFET calculated
using six equation physics and automatic curve tracing.
This year has seen two significant developments of ATLAS. The first is the inclusion of 3-D capabilities that make ATLAS a universal 1-D, 2-D and 3-D system. The second is the implementation of the first commercially available 'six equation' solver that accounts for non-local and non-isothermal effects simultaneously.
[1.] Y. Apanovich, P. Blakey, R. Cottle, E. Lyumkis, B. Polsky, A. Shur, and A. Tcherniaev, "Numerical Simulation of Submicron Devices Including Coupled Non-Local Transport and Non-Isothermal Effects", to be published in IEEE Trans. on Electron Devices.


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Boulder, Colo. - Topics include: paleoseismology of Yucca Mountain, Nevada; impact of magnetic anomalies in Earth's oceanic crust on plate tectonics; evidence of episodic regional and possibly global glaciation during the Neoproterozoic; insights into Paleocene-Eocene global warming; impact of subduction on Earth's surface characteristics; records of environmental change in Black Coral specimens; and geology's place in the Scientific Revolution. The GSA TODAY science article addresses Hurricane Katrina sediment deposits and hydraulic conditions associated with the flooding.
Highlights are provided below. Representatives of the media may obtain complimentary copies of articles by contacting Ann Cairns at email@example.com. Please discuss articles of interest with the authors before publishing stories on their work, and please make reference to GEOLOGY and the Geological Society of America in articles published. Contact Ann Cairns for additional information or other assistance.
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The effects of urbanization on watershed hydrology: The scaling of discharge with drainage area
Joshua C. Galster, Lehigh University, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA; et al. Pages 713-716.
Galster et al. examine the role that drainage area plays in determining river discharge in urban and rural watersheds. Two comparable watersheds, one rural and one urban, in eastern Pennsylvania were instrumented to measure the discharges that resulted from storms. The discharges increased at a much faster rate in the urban watershed than in the rural one, most likely as a result of the larger amounts of impervious surfaces in the urban watershed. The higher discharges in the urban stream could cause erosion, damage property, and harm aquatic habitats.
Re-Os geochronology of postglacial black shales in Australia: Constraints on the timing of "Sturtian" glaciation
Brian Kendall, University of Alberta, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2E3, Canada; et al. Pages 729-732.
The rhenium-osmium (Re-Os) radiometric dating method has been used to obtain the absolute age of deposition of black shales directly overlying ancient glacial rocks in southern and central Australia. The glacial deposits were believed to represent part of a global ice age (a "Snowball Earth" event), known to geologists as the "Sturtian" glaciation that occurred 700 million years ago. However, the absolute age constraints on the timing of this glaciation in Australia are actually very poor, and correlations of the Australian glacial deposits with other Neoproterozoic (1000-543 million years ago) glacial rocks worldwide have remained uncertain. Our new Re-Os black shale ages indicate the "Sturtian" glaciation in southern and central Australia ended by 643.0 2.4 million years ago and 657.2 5.4 million years ago, respectively. Other Neoproterozoic "Sturtian" glacial deposits previously correlated with the Australian glacial rocks have been radiometrically dated (using the uranium-lead technique on igneous rocks) to be 685 to 750 million years old. Thus, the new Re-Os ages indicate the "Sturtian" glacial deposits in Australia are younger than expected and may not have been part of a "Snowball Earth" event. Instead, the Australian glacial rocks may reflect the development of regional ice sheets in rift basins during the breakup of a large supercontinent (known to geologists as Rodinia). Consequently, other glacial deposits assigned to the "Sturtian" glaciation may also have formed in this manner. However, geological studies on other glacial rocks suggest some glaciations during the Neoproterozoic may have been unusually severe such that deposition of glacial sediment took place in marine environments at low latitudes. Thus, Kendall et al.'s results indicate a complex Neoproterozoic Earth climate characterized by episodes of regional and possibly global glaciation. Following the end of Neoproterozoic glaciation, the first large animals appear in the fossil record. In order to explore any possible link between Neoproterozoic glaciation and the evolution of animal life, it is paramount that further geochronological studies be carried out on undated Neoproterozoic glacial deposits to establish an appropriate Neoproterozoic chronology. This study represents an important step in that direction by using the relatively new Re-Os dating method for Neoproterozoic black shales.
Extreme warming of mid-latitude coastal ocean during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: Inferences from TEX86 and isotope data
J.C. Zachos, University of California-Santa Cruz, Earth Sciences, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA; et al. Pages 737-740.
Imagine sea surface temperatures (SST) of 92 °F (33-34 °C) along the New Jersey coast, almost 18 °F warmer than modern peak summer temperatures. A new record of SST indicates that coastal SST reached such extreme levels during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum roughly 55 million years ago. The estimates are based on two independent proxies of paleotemperatures, oxygen isotope ratios of plankton shells, and the concentration of cyclopentane rings in crenarchaeota bacterial lipid membranes (TEX86), both found in samples from a sediment core drilled near Wilson Lake, New Jersey. Both records reveal an increase in mean annual SST of 7-8 °C during this global warming event, which lasted tens of thousands of years and was driven by a rapid increase in greenhouse gas levels.
Dynamic topography above retreating subduction zones
Laurent Husson, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, EAPS, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Pages 741-744.
Dynamic topography is the deflection of Earth's surface as a response to mantle flow. This flow is driven by differences in mantle density. Subducting plates are formed of dense material sinking in Earth's mantle, subsequently sucking down the topography. Husson's work shows that the dynamic component of topography can be evaluated from a joint analysis of seismic tomography, theoretical modeling, gravity, and bathymetry above subduction zones like the Aegean, Mariana, and East Scotia seas.
Acceleration of sinter diagenesis in an active fumarole, Taupo volcanic zone, New Zealand
Bridget Y. Lynne, University of Auckland, Geology, Auckland, New Zealand; et al. Pages 749-752.
Hot springs are important because it is believed that these extreme environments may have hosted early microbial life on Earth. Recognizing ancient biosignals in siliceous hot spring deposits (sinter) requires an understanding of how they formed, and the types of post-depositional overprints that can affect the archived biotic signatures. Siliceous sinter forms in terrestrial environments wherever alkali chloride hot springs discharge at the surface. As these fluids cool to <100 ºC, silica precipitates on all biological and non-biological surfaces. Microbial communities thrive in the thermal waters. Shifting channel flows drown surrounding plants, and pollens and insects are often blown into the spring water. All may become entombed and fossilized in the silica, potentially recording biotic indicators of past environments. However, over thousands of years, sinters undergo a series of silica phase transformations, from opal (noncrystalline or partially crystalline) to microcrystalline quartz, affecting the preservation of their fossil components. In addition, the physical and chemical milieu of geothermal systems also can change, shifting from discharging alkaline hot springs to acidic steam vents (fumaroles) as the water table drops. To record the effects of a changing geothermal system on the silica phases of microbe-bearing hot spring deposits, a newly deposited opaline sinter was placed inside an active fumarole at Orakei Korako, New Zealand, for two years and systematically monitored. This field and laboratory experiment showed that an acidic fumarole environment (common in many geothermal systems worldwide), overprints and alters original microbial textures and accelerates the rate of silica phase transitions. Distinct micro-environments developed within the sinter sample, and patches of quartz formed after only 21 weeks.
Heinrich H1 and 8200 yr B.P. climate events recorded in Hall's Cave, Texas
Brooks B. Ellwood (corresponding author), Louisiana State University, Geology and Geophysics, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA; and Wulf A. Gose, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA. Pages 753-756.
Sediments from Hall's Cave, central Texas, have been sampled for regional paleoclimate evaluation. Magnetic susceptibility measurements (how susceptible a sample is to becoming magnetized) were performed on a continuous vertical sequence of samples from an excavation in the cave, to develop a magnetic stratigraphy susceptibility profile for the site. Such measurements in cave sediments are sensitive to climate due to changes in soil formation rates. Results showed a number of important major climatic events were recorded in the cave, including the H1 Heinrich Event at ~17,200 B.P., the end of the last major glaciation at ~14,300 B.P., and the 8,200 B.P. climatic event. These results are consistent with other independent indicators of climate for the region, but provide better precision on the timing of events and indicate that caves can provide a unique laboratory where climatic variations are preserved.
Young Danube delta documents stable Black Sea level since the middle Holocene: Morphodynamic, paleogeographic, and archaeological implications
Liviu Giosan, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543; et al. Pages 757-760.
Sea level in the Black Sea has long been controversial, at a variety of time scales. Sea level curves from the region show large magnitude (up to 15 meters) and high frequency level variations since the early Holocene despite the fact that the Black Sea was already connected to the World Ocean. A new chronology for beach ridges in the Danube delta -based on mass spectrometry radiocarbon measurements and supported by optically stimulated luminescence dates - shows that the Black Sea water level remained within -2 m and +1.5 m of the current level for the last five millennia. Hydroisostatic effects related to a catastrophic reconnection of the Black Sea to the World Ocean in the early Holocene may have played a role in reaching the Holocene highstand earlier than estimated by models. The new dates also demonstrate that the Holocene Danube delta started to build out of a Black Sea embayment only ~5200 years ago, rather than ~9000 years ago as previously proposed. The new chronology allows for a better understanding of the Danube delta paleogeography, including the demise of Histria, the main ancient Greek-Roman city in the region, whose harbor has been shoaled with sands transported alongshore from the updrift Danube coast. Further, submergence at several ancient Chalcolithic/Bronze Age to Greek-Roman settlements along the Black Sea coast may be better explained by local factors such as subsidence, rather than by basin-wide sea level fluctuations.
Apatite (U-Th)/He signal of large-magnitude accelerated glacial erosion, southwest British Columbia
Todd A. Ehlers, University of Michigan, Department of Geological Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1063; et al. Pages 765-768.
Glaciers are efficient agents of erosion and responsible for sculpting many of the spectacular views found in mountain ranges around the world. Ehlers et al. document the degree to which glaciers modify mountains over millions of years and successfully quantify a rapid increase in erosion rates across the Coast Mountains of British Columbia, which was coincident with the onset of glaciation of this range. Furthermore, they found that the present topographic high point of the range (Mount Waddington) used to be located 16 km to the southwest of its current position. These results confirm that glaciation can significantly modify the erosion and topographic history of mountain ranges, particularly ranges located at high latitudes.
Deep-water antipatharians: Proxies of environmental change
B. Williams, UQAM, GEOTOP-UQAM-McGill, Montreal, Quebec H2V 2N1, Canada; et al. Pages 773-777.
Williams et al. examine four Black Coral specimens collected by the Johnson Sealink submersible from the southeastern continental shelf of the United States and the Gulf of Mexico. Cross sections of the base of the coral skeleton show that corals lay down concentric coeval skeletal bands, which allow the stratigraphy of the record to be constrained. Lead-210 dating indicates the specimens are several centuries old, and annual radial growth estimates are 0.0145 mm, far slower than estimates for shallower water Black Corals. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses of the skeleton are reproducible within and among specimens from the same location; therefore, these organisms may provide records of past environmental change.
************** Kinking of the subducting slab by escalator normal faulting beneath the North Island of New Zealand
Stuart Henrys, Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Resources, Wellington 1, New Zealand; et al. Pages 777-780.
In many subduction zones, the repeat time between megathrust earthquake events is longer than the historical period of observation. In these cases, it is important to identify the updip limit of the seismogenic zone. Along the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand a key indictor of the updip limit is a change in dip of the down-going Pacific plate.,Henrys et al. suggest that the simple shear along the steep normal faults provides the mechanism by which the change in dip occurs, using an analogy for the subduction zone interface to the block motions that occur on an escalator.
Crustal thickness variation in south-central Alaska
Elizabeth Veenstra, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-7320, USA; et al. Pages 781-784.
Earthquake data recorded in south central Alaska was used to determine crustal thickness in the region because such data yield clues about how mountains are supported. The study collected high-quality data from continuously recorded broadband sensors over a period of 27 months. Earthquakes occurring at specific distances from the recording station provided near-vertical incident waves, ideal for studying boundaries such as the crust mantle boundary. During the field deployment, 751 earthquakes occurred in an appropriate distance range, and by recording these events at up to 36 seismic stations across south central Alaska, 14,754 three-component seismograms were isolated for studying crustal thickness. Results revealed typical crust beneath the interior lowlands to be 26 km thick. Additionally, the transition from thick to thin crust coincides with a major crustal break. By comparing observed crustal thickness with crustal thickness predicated by topography, Veenstra et al. find that variations in both crustal thickness and density are required to explain the seismic and gravity data.
Earthquake and volcano clustering via stress transfer at Yucca Mountain, Nevada
Tom Parsons, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA; et al. Pages 785-788.
Paleoseismologists discovered a remarkable series of events that happened about 80,000 years ago at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, site of the proposed U.S. high-level nuclear waste repository. Trenches across three faults showed volcanic ash from the Lathrop Wells cone at the bottom of earthquake fissures, indicating that volcanic and earthquake events were tightly clustered in space and time. Parsons et al. use numerical Earth models of Yucca Mountain faults and volcanic intrusions to determine the influence that these processes have on one another. They found that each was mutually reinforcing. That is, an earthquake could encourage volcanic events, and a volcanic event could encourage earthquakes. In their model, slip on the faults in the central Yucca Mountain block tended to favor volcanic intrusions about 15 km south of the proposed repository.
Origin of the Pacific Jurassic quiet zone
Maurice A. Tivey, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543-1541, USA; et al. Pages 789-792.
The ocean crust provides an almost complete record of Earth's magnetic field history, from the present day back through the Jurassic period, approximately 175 million years ago. Over this period, Earth's magnetic field has reversed polarity many times and has varied in intensity significantly. During this time, there have also been two periods when the magnetic field remained fixed in one polarity and thus relatively quiet. Although the Cretaceous Quiet Zone (84-118 million years ago) is well-documented, the Jurassic Quiet Zone (JQZ) (157-175 million years ago) is more controversial. Terrestrial records suggest that Earth's magnetic field was reversing rapidly during the Jurassic, but corroboration from the marine record has been poor because of the scarcity of Jurassic-aged ocean crust, poorly resolved magnetic signals due to deep seafloors, and noise due to the equatorial location of Jurassic crust. Tivey et al. report the results of a deep-towed magnetic survey of the oldest portion of the Pacific that overcomes these noise and resolution problems and shows that magnetic anomaly reversals continued into the JQZ, but became weaker in amplitude. Tivey et al. find very rapid reversals, with over 10 reversals per million years at 160 and 167 million years ago. Anomaly amplitudes decreased from 155 to 162 million years ago, where low amplitude anomalies become difficult to correlate. Prior to 167 million years ago, anomalies regained amplitude and remained strong until the end of Tivey et al.'s record at 170 million years ago. The JQZ thus appears to be a combination of low-amplitude magnetic anomalies combined with rapid field fluctuations, which could be due to either intensity or polarity changes.
Nicholas Steno's Chaos and the shaping of evolutionary thought in the Scientific Revolution
Gary D. Rosenberg, IUPUI, Geology, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Pages 793-796.
Nicholas Steno, who founded geology in the 17th century, compiled a notebook as a student in 1659 that he titled "Chaos," which is rediscovered for English-speaking audiences in Rosenberg's paper. "Chaos" provides uncanny witness into Steno's thought process and unprecedented insight into geology's place in the Scientific Revolution. One can see numerous seeds of modern geology and evolutionary thought sprouting in "Chaos." It shows Steno using geometry to understand the structure of the human body and Earth, and illustrates how close Steno was to understanding the modern concept of fractionation of the planet (separation of Earth materials due to heat within the Earth). At the same time, it explains why Steno would later reject the theological pronouncements of one of the most important figures of the Scientific Revolution, René Descartes, despite the fact that Steno would become a Catholic bishop. Descartes had proposed that the heart was an oven warmed by the passions of the soul, but Steno would later use geometry the way he had in "Chaos" to prove it was a muscle, not an oven like Earth.
Importance of high-frequency tectonic sequences during greenhouse times of Earth history
Boyan K. Vakarelo, University of Texas - Dallas, Department of Geosciences, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA; et al. Pages 797-800.
Valarelov et al. demonstrate that in a 2.2 million year interval in the Upper Cretaceous, four tectonically driven erosional surfaces can be mapped. Biostratigraphic correlation to a sea-level curve for the Cenomanian - where coeval high-frequency low-amplitude eustatic cyclicity has been demonstrated - allows the first direct comparison of the effects of eustasy and tectonics at temporal scales of hundreds of thousands of years during a global greenhouse time. It is suggested that minor tectonic pulses locally overshadow the effects of eustasy and exert the dominant control over preserved stratigraphy.
GSA TODAY Science Article
Katrina's unique splay deposits in a New Orleans neighborhood
Stephen A. Nelson and Suzanne F. Leclair, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA.
We are all familiar with the devastation that Hurricane Katrina brought to the Gulf Coast when it came ashore a year ago. New Orleans' Tulane University geology professors Steve Nelson and Suzanne LeClair acted quickly to map the distribution and composition of flood deposits left after the southern breech in the levee of the London Avenue Canal in order to provide insight into the hydraulic conditions associated with the flood event. The deposition of sediment from flood events provides a record of flood conditions not generally available simply by observing surface water conditions. In the case of Katrina, flood deposits were removed quickly as emergency crews attempted to bring residential neighborhoods back to normal. The results of Nelson and LeClair's work are presented in the September issue of GSA Today. Their article describes how the breech of the levee and resultant flood waters mobilized unconsolidated marsh and beach sediments and left a 1.8-m-thick deposit that included fine sand, cars, household items, and close to the breech, a house. Geologic mapping of flood deposits in an urban neighborhood provides insights into flow directions and flood power and provides additional observational data of deposits that by necessity were removed by recovery crews.
To view the complete table of contents for the September issue of GEOLOGY, go to http://www.
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright© 2018, The Columbia University Press.
minnesinger (mĬn´ĬsĬng´ər), a medieval German knight, poet, and singer of Minne, or courtly love. Originally imitators of Provençal troubadours, minnesingers developed their own style in the 13th and 14th cent. Some of their poems are among the best of Middle High German lyric verse. Important exponents of Minnesang included Heinrich von Morungen, Walther von der Vogelweide, and Oswald von Wolkenstein, as well as Gottfried von Strassburg, Wolfram von Eschenbach, and other authors of epics. Wagner's opera Tannhäuser is based on minnesinger art and tradition.
Minnesingers: Selected full-text books and articles
FREE! A History of German Literature William Heinemann, 1909
Librarian's tip: Chap. VI "The Minnesingers"
FREE! Studies in German Literature G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1879
Librarian's tip: Chap. II "The Minnesingers"
FREE! Critical and Historical Essays: Lectures Delivered at Columbia University Elkin, 1912
Librarian's tip: Chap. XII "The Troubadours, Minnesingers and Mastersingers"
Literary Patronage in the Middle Ages The Collegiate Press, 1923
Librarian's tip: Chap. III "Troubadours, Trouveres, and Minnesingers"
Medusa's Mirror: Studies in German Literature Cresset Press, 1957
Librarian's tip: Chap. II "Minnesang and Its Spiritual Background"
The New Oxford History of Music Oxford University Press, vol.3, 1998
Librarian's tip: "The Minnesang of the Later Middle Ages" begins on p. 359
A History of Music Harcourt Brace, 1935
Librarian's tip: Discussion of Minnesingers begins on p. 82
The New Oxford History of Music Geoffrey Cumberlege; Oxford University Press, vol.2, 1954
Librarian's tip: Discussion of Minnesingers begins on p. 252
The Age of Faith: A History of Medieval Civilization -Christian, Islamic, and Judaic - from Constantine to Dante: A.D. 325-1300 Simon and Schuster, 1950
Librarian's tip: "The Minnesingers" on p. 1039
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2019 Ford F-150 Diesel Rumor and Performance – Recall the past when a design was supposed to bring a pickup van model for almost a decade? Successfully, that's ancient background. With vehicle sales continuing to outpace traveler automobiles-Ford distributed more than 820,000 F-series trucks in 2016, more than two times the merchandise revenue of the Toyota Camry, the top-offering vacationer car businesses have a vested need for attempting to keep trucks rejuvenating. This means reduced day to day life cycles with a lot of changes among. Ford isn't using any probabilities using its aluminium-bodied money cow. Nearly three speedy an extended period immediately after the latest F-150 created it is initiated at the 2014 Detroit auto show; the automaker provides its style and right after more than and standard the powertrains, which includes which includes diesel to the meals listing for the very first time.
2019 Ford F-150 Diesel Redesign
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2019 Ford F-150 Diesel Engine
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2019 Ford F-150 Diesel Engine
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