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I think if people really knew the ultimate purpose of meditation they would probably think twice about pursuing the practice! This might sound funny coming from a meditation instructor; fortunately, most people who learn to meditate show up for some of the more tangible benefits that have been known to manifest as a result of the experience over even a short period of tenure and practice: reduction or elimination of stress and anxiety, increased creativity, strengthened immunity, improved brain wave coherence… the list is endless ~ check out Googles 31300 entries for "benefits of meditation".
There are many stories aback of the purpose of Spiritual practice. If you have immersed yourself into a more new age approaches spirituality will probably fall into a healing, transformation or create the perfect life kind of narrative. If you're grabbing spirituality by the balls, enlightenment is typically the most popular, most storied and most misunderstood of all the favored "goals".
When one visits a diverse expression or variety of the wisdom traditions you can often find reflections of "truth" itself, threads of insight pleasantly suggest all paths have the potential and ability to lead one to the unified whole! Whether you want to call it enlightenment, realization, transcendence, cosmic consciousness, or what ever, ultimately all these terms result in the death of the subject "I".
The wisdom tradition of Vedanta suggests that most of our suffering is based on the illusion of the existence of the subject "I". It's the suffering of not knowing the true Self a choice to "I"dentify with the ego or small self which grasps and fears the transient and unreal, while also resisting the illusion of its ultimate demise. This is a proven formulae, a platform for the experience pain and suffering; enough too last a lifetime.
One problem with many spiritual paths is they emphasize a doing aspect that is based not only a judgment of the present moment, but also places a significance on an improved tomorrow. There are two traps involved in this methodology:
One is that it negates the fact the bigger part of the real you is free now and can be embraced now,
and secondly,
it reinforces rather than deconstructs the existence and illusion of the subject "I".
Most teachings perpetuate or enhance not only the existence of an "I", but also the possibility of getting, having or achieving a new and improved self or "I". A rehabilitated or transformed "I" that will provide you with the perfect little life. While there can be benefits to using a variety of different methods to improve the quality and way you do life, in a Spiritual context it's valuable to recognize early on that less of the "I" is more. Giving up something of the "I" now, allows you to reveal more of your true nature and Self and in doing so, reduce the amount of pain and suffering you experience in your life.
The seers and sages of our distant past navigated, mapped and in a few cases "mastered" the "territory" of the spiritual journey as a progressive "evolution" of consciousness into more expanded states and ultimately, real "I" zation. Most of the population is very familiar with and will spend their entire lives living in the first three, of seven "states" of consciousness: deep sleep, dreaming and waking; a few more adventurous Souls may take the time to step out of their conditioned perception of reality by "force" or by "choice" to awaken the observer or witness within and the first step in the ultimate demise of the "I"ndividual.
The immersion of oneself into the depths of one's true nature using some sort of successful meditation practice allows one to "travel" back and forth from waking state of awareness into the fourth state of transcendental consciousness. It allows the mind that was once bound to become unbound. This "journey" allows one to begin to realize that the world perceived is not necessarily the world to be experienced. This subtle shift in attention and perception while gentle often provides many dramatic left turns in the life of someone who has made the choice to abandon the foreground of their life for the background of eternity and the true Self that had previously been marginalized. The task at hand is noble, grand and necessary, what's at stake is freedom. For as long as the "I" remains in the foreground of our attention we will continue to experience reality through the veil of chaos and suffering.
As we begin to peak behind the curtain of distinction we realize that what the "I" had created through its thoughts, memories, associations, perceptions and body "I"dentification had no substance or truth except at the level of the mind, as a projection. We are awakened from the trance of our dream. It's not that clues have not been left behind informing us of our ultimate destiny and demise. Spoken words often hide unspoken truth, behind a journey so infrequently travelled. Sleep has often been called 'the little death", Samadhe a Sanskrit word describing the experience of "slipping into the gap" or silence of meditation, means "No me"; Nirvana means extinction!
As one "progresses" through transcendental consciousness to the fifth state of Cosmic consciousness, one foot is in "heaven" the other on earth. The boundary between time and space is beginning to bleed into the timelessness of eternity. It is here that the defined "I" begins to unravel. The "you" and the "me" that had a past, a present and a future, that once believe it was born to die will be recognized for what it is, a role player cast among many roles, many stories, many lives. It is here that one begins to lose the hysteria and mellow drama of our scripted lives. It is here that one recognizes one is in the world but not of it.
The fifth leads to the sixth; divine consciousness. Here, there is no distinction between the sinner and the Saint. Here, the rich and the poor the joy and the suffering are seen as "one". A bridge of equanimity has replaced the perception of the subject/object split. The "I" has been upstaged, for it no longer holds the trump card of perception. The mind is quiet; the body is still, the Self has awakened to itSelf. "You" finally get over yourself. The divinity within now recognizes the divinity without. Life is no longer experienced or perceived as up or down, inner or outer. There is simply a divine play of consciousness. Recognition takes place of denial and the true miracle of creation ~ inclusion, is unleashed for the benefit of all humankind.
At the seventh level of consciousness the "I" ceases to be an "I" as pure, undisturbed consciousness erases the illusion of all boundaries.
"Here" the person ceases to be a person.
"Here"; there is no coming, there is no going.
"Here", there is no arising, there is no subsiding.
"Here", nothing is the same, nothing is different.
"Here", nothing exists, nothing does not exist…
The purpose of meditation is not to attain but to reveal.
In silence, my mind remembers and my Soul awakens.
my mind is still,
my body is quiet,
my breath is deep.
my life flows with effortless ease.
I am aware of my own inner perfection.
In Solitude I belong to my Self.
In Solitude, I realize the One Spirit that dwells within me.
the seed of divinity that lies within me contains the whole truth.
Are you ready to remember?


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I have sold a property at 47 SUN HARBOUR RD SE in CALGARY.
Fish Creek Park out your front door! This well maintained townhouse is right up the hill from Lake Sikome and in the heart of Sundance. If you love to be near open spaces this is the home for you. Park in your attached garage and enter into a spacious foyer that leads to the kitchen with upgraded flooring, solid oak cabinets and stainless steel appliances. Gorgeous oak hardwood in the large living room and dining room with a corner gas fireplace and large sliding door onto a private deck. Upstairs is a large master bedroom with walk-in closet and 4-pce ensuite. The two other bedrooms are good size with a 4-pce main bath. Downstairs is nicely finished with a large family/rec room and big laundry room with lots of storage. Condo living means there's no grass to cut or snow to shovel, just grab your towel and head to the beach or head to Fish Creek Park and enjoy the Calgary sunshine.

subset: commoncrawl


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Hey hey!!
I am writing to you all from the comfort of my bed! Am I sick? Heck no! I've having my very own version of Ferris Bueller's Day off… only I'm not going to a bunch of cool places in Chicago.
Instead, I'm in bed, watching the television marathon of Below Deck… and yes, I've had this day planned for at least a month, because I love this show, and it's never on TV, but TONIGHT is the season 2 premier!!!!!
Although I planned to completely be lazy today, I actually got one freelance project finished and I put my dishes away and cleaned my bathroom… not so lazy, right?
Truth be told, I never have liked missing work or school, but I do feel like I've been working my ass off lately, with little-to-no recognition for it. I cannot remember if I've mentioned this already, and I'm definitely too lazy to go look, but I did get a raise. A whopping 3.4% raise. I wanted 10.
And I do not mean to sound greedy. I just feel like I took on a job that wasn't even the one I applied for, and I did it without complaining, so where's the reward?
I feel like I'm torn, because I think I could be making more money working somewhere else, but I'm not so sure I want to leave where I am — this is a battle I've always got on my mind.
But until I figure it out… I'm going to enjoy the rest of my day playing hookie (and hitting the gym, of course). Until next time…


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Let's face it: There are a lot of lousy places one can be stuck living on the Earth. At present, Libya, Afghanistan and Iraq all come to mind.
Yet, none seem quite as bad as the region of eastern Kazakhstan that the Soviet Union used as a nuclear testing ground for more than 40 years.
Agence France-Presse has a depressing report about life in the Kazakh city of Semey, just a couple hundred miles from where tests were conducted beginning in the late 1940s up until the early 1990s.
"I was working in a medical institute, teaching chemistry," said 79-year-old Yevdokia Matushkina. "Almost every day, announcements on the radio at noon would say: 'Now there is going to be a test of nuclear weapons.' Everything would shake. The windows in my classroom were shattered by the shockwave from one of the blasts."
A total of 456 nuclear tests were conducted at the test site over 42 years until Kazakhstan shut down the facility 20 years ago on Aug. 29, 1991, making it the first country to voluntarily give up nuclear weapons, according to Agence France-Presse.
The first Soviet nuclear bomb was exploded at 7 a.m. on Aug. 29, 1949. Named "First Lightning," it threw up a huge mushroom cloud and dumped vast amounts of radioactive materials on the 1.5 million people who were living in the nuclear impact zone, which was the size of Belgium.
"While the nuclear disaster at Ukraine's Chernobyl and the bombing of Japan's Hiroshima and Nagasaki are etched in the world's memory, what happened at Semey, then known as Semipalatinsk, appears to be all but forgotten," Agence France-Presse reported.
The provincial and otherwise unremarkable town of Semey, whose name was changed four years ago, lies a little less than 100 miles west of the 7,100-square-mile nuclear testing site where the arms race between the Soviet Union and the United States began.
Ahead of nuclear tests, the Soviet military warned the public to shut windows and stay at home or remain inside buildings, witnesses recall.
One of those who decided to look out of curiosity was Suakysh Iskakova, now 77, a resident at the same home as Matushkina, who says she paid for it with her eyesight.
"When I was blinded from the blast, my uncle took me to see the doctor and the doctor said it was my own fault that I looked at the bright light from the explosion," Iskakova said.
At the same site, in November 1955, the Soviets detonated their first hydrogen bomb.
In 1957, the Soviet authorities established a secret facility to monitor the impact of radiation on human life. Now-declassified documents describe the contamination of Kazakh villages.
"The village of S. was contaminated by radiation from precipitation after a 1953 nuclear test," said one document from 1967, adding that radiation levels in the village were still 10 times higher than normal.
Although the site has been shut down for two full decades, Kazakhstan is still reeling from the effects of long-term nuclear testing.
The Semipalatinsk region around the test site was subjected to the fallout from a total of 616 nuclear explosions over a period of 40 years.
The region has the highest cancer rate in the country, something that is at least partly attributable to the effects of fallout, said Kazbek Apsalikov, the head of the Semey research centre of radiation medicine and ecology, a once-secret facility created to monitor the impact of radioactivity on the population.
While it is hard to determine precisely how many have been affected by nuclear testing, scientists link the region's higher rates of cancer and heart disease, especially among younger population, to the effects of radiation.
Officials at the Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology in the once closed military city of Kurchatov, some a little over 100 miles west of Semey, say they hope farmers will eventually be able to reclaim land at the test site.
The contamination at the site is scattered and levels have not changed significantly in the last 20 years, said Sergei Lukashenko, the director of the institute.
"The only way to remedy this contamination is to remove the upper layer of soil and store it in a secure place," he said.
(Above: First Lighting, the Soviet Union's first atomic bomb, exploding on the Kazakh steppe on Aug. 29, 1949.)


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Take a look at this photo.
Well the horizon line about halfway through the photo doesn't help, but the only subject is the African plain which consists of acres of grass and a few bushes. Although there is a herd of animals in the far distance, it is difficult to see what they are. There is no real point of interest. The eye scans the photo, finds nothing to focus upon and you get bored very quickly.
Now look at this photo which is similar but has a subject.
So from these examples we can see that there are a couple of important factors regarding Subject.
1. The subject should be OBVIOUS. It is the centre of interest to the viewer.
2. The SIZE of the subject is important to the viewer.
3. The POSITION of the subject is important. (See Tips - Rule of Thirds)
Even with cropping, the photo isn't great because magnifying the image introduces noise. But it is better than the original because the subject is larger, is better positioned in the frame and these is some foreground interest which also provides environmental interest.
The temptation of many photographers is to photograph what they see. However, depending on lens choice, the camera rarely sees a scene how the human eye sees it. This is particularly true with landscape photos. The eye scans the scene as your head moves to take in the whole scene. Therefore we see a composite view while the photo is a single frame. The result is often disappointing.
So choose the important part of the scene and concentrate on how to show it at it's best.
SELECT then COMPOSE.


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The City Clerk's office will provide a certified statement of liens or assessments owing to the City on any property located within our municipal boundaries. This information is most often requested by closing attorneys or banks when property is being sold or refinanced. To ensure a timely response when requesting a lien letter, please provide the following information:
Mail your request along with payment to City of Atlantic Beach, City Clerk's Office, 800 Seminole Road, Atlantic Beach, FL 32233. The City processes lien letter requests in the order they are received. Please allow no less than 5 days for processing.


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Go Back
Go To Articles Directory Home Page
To get the current article, - See Below (at the bottom of the page) -.
For top news titles, see below.
Web sites and videos listed in this page are frequently updated.
If you find that this page is useful (quality of web sites, images and videos, ...), you can add it to your favorites.
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Troubled Teens Parents
There are many numbers of parents who are suffering from troubled teen. There are many organizations they help for teens who are in troubled. But firstly we should know in which troubled is our teen. There are many symptoms and sign are possibilities of:
About the Author: About Author: Nivea David


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SMH, 21 April 2017
Author: Kate Aubusson
"More than 700 public patients have had their privacy breached after more than 1000 medical letters were found dumped in Sydney bin. The incident has prompted Health Minister to launch an external review into the transcription services across all NSW public health facilities. This incident bolstered the case of an overhaul of the current paper-heavy health correspondence system and comprehensive switch to digital health record keeping."
Find article here.
Patient privacy breach: over 1,400 medical letters found dumped in Sydney bin
SMH, 21 April 2017


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At a Satellite Symposium organised by Nestlé Health Science during the annual meeting of Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi) in Bilbao (Spain), experts from clinical, regulatory and public health fields presented a strong body of evidence demonstrating the clinical and health economic value of medical nutrition interventions. The evidence showed that HTAs can be applied to medical nutrition, as a Europe-wide shift towards protocols for nutritional screening, diagnostic and care accelerates.
• Health Technology Assessments successfully applied to medical nutrition to prove value
• Disease Related Malnutrition seen as a major hospital and community public health issue
• Europe-wide shift underway to implement protocols for nutritional screening, diagnostics and care
To view the video of each speaker, click on each headline
Patrick Coppens
Director International Food and Health Law and Scientific Affairs – EAS Brussels
President of the Belgian National Food and Health Plan Undernutrition Task Force
Prof. Dr. Mercèdes Planas Vila, MD
Intensivist & Nutritionist, Prof. of Facultat de Ciències de la Salut.
Universitat de Vic. Barcelona, Spain.
Vice-President of SENPE (Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral)
Council member of ESPEN (European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism)
Prof. Dr. Mark Nuijten, MD, PhD
CEO of Ars Accessus Medica, the Netherlands
Founder of Minerva International Health Economic Network.
Prof. Dr. Jean-Blaise Wasserfallen, MD, PhD
Medical Director & Head of the Health Technology Assessment Department,
University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland


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How to Make Gremolata and Recipe Ideas for Using Gremolata
This post will tell you How to Make Gremolata and give you Recipe Ideas for Using Gremolata, a condiment made of chopped fresh herbs that adds amazing flavor to meat, fish, chicken, and vegetables. And gremolata is low-carb, Keto, low-glycemic, gluten-free, dairy-free, Paleo, Whole 30, Vegan, and South Beach Diet friendly, so you should be eating it on everything! Use Sauce Recipes to find more recipes like this one.
Click here to PIN How to Make Gremolata!
Anyone who's been following my blog for a while already knows that I'm a fresh herb enthusiast! If you're a cook who's discovered the wonderful way that cooking with fresh herbs can enhance the flavor of foods without adding fat or calories, then it won't be hard to understand why I think everyone should learn How to Make Gremolata. This simple but profound combination of finely minced fresh lemon peel, minced fresh garlic, and minced fresh parsley adds freshness and a little zing to any food you sprinkle it on.
I used Gremolata recently to add that extra something to a pasta dish (recipe coming!) and I wasn't sure if it needed a post of its own, but when I mentioned it to several friends and family members, I discovered that How to Make Gremolata is not something everyone knows about! So this post is my Gremolata Public Service Announcement for everyone who hasn't discovered it yet. And best of all, in the dead of winter when fresh herbs are expensive and hard to come by, you can always get lemons, garlic, and fresh parsley to make this and bring a touch of summer to your cooking.
Gremolata is one of those herb mixtures like Basil Pesto where you can certainly adapt the proportions to your own taste, but Jake and I experimented with the amounts a few times on this recipe for a combination we thought was just right. If you're extra fond of lemon, garlic, or parsley you can always use a little more of one ingredient in your version.
Start with a nice fresh lemon (preferably organic) and use your sharpest vegetable peeler to shave off the skin. (Squeeze the juice and freeze it for later!)
Then use your sharpest chef's knife to finely mince the lemon peel. Also mince the fresh parsley and garlic. (Wonderful knife skills of Jake are being demonstrated here.)
This photo shows you the proportions of garlic, lemon, and Parsley that we thought made a good combination.
Then mix together the finely minced lemon peel, garlic, and parsley to make your Gremolata. Sprinkle over meat, fish, chicken, pasta, vegetables, or just about any food where you'd like a burst of fresh flavor.
Gremolata is also sometimes made with mint, basil, or even cilantro if you'd like to experiment with those herbs.
Gremolata with Meat, Chicken, or Fish:
Broiled Sardines with Gremolata ~ The Kitchn
Beef Stew with Gremolata ~ Everybody Likes Sandwiches
Mark Bittman's Osso Buco with Gremolata ~ Kahakai Kitchen
Gremolata-Stuffed Chicken Breasts with Tomato Relish ~ We Heart Food
Grilled Chicken with Gremolata ~ Dinner du Jour
Vegetarian Uses for Gremolata:
Spaghetti with Cauliflower, Chile, and Parsley Gremolata ~ TasteFood
Roasted Carrots and Olive with Shallots and Gremolata Proud Italian Cook
Easy and Amazing Roasted Asparagus with Gremolata ~ Kalyn's Kitchen
Orchiette with Garlic Scapes, Ricotta, and Gremolata ~ Herbivoracious
Savory Rolls with Olives and Parsley Gremolata ~ Cookin' Canuck
How to Make Gremolata and Recipe Ideas for Using Gremolata
Gremolata is a condiment made of chopped fresh herbs that adds amazing flavor to meat, fish, chicken, and vegetables.
- 1 fresh lemon, preferably organic
- 1/2 bunch fresh parsley, either flat Italian parsley or regular curly parsley
- 2-3 cloves garlic
Proportions We Liked Best:
- (All proportions in this recipe are too taste, but these amounts are what Jake and I thought were just right.)
- 1 T finely minced lemon peel
- 1/4 cup finely minced parsley
- 2 tsp. finely minced garlic
- Using a very sharp vegetable peeler, peel the lemon, taking care not to get the white part that's right under the peel. (Squeeze the lemon and freeze the juice.)
- Using your sharpest chef's knife, finely mince the lemon peel until you have 1 tablespoon finely minced lemon peel.
- Wash the parsley if needed and spin dry with salad spinner, or dry with paper towels.
- Mince the parsley until you have 1/4 cup finely minced parsley.
- Smash the garlic cloves with the side of your knife to break them apart, then finely mince the garlic until you have 2 teaspoons finely minced garlic.
- Combine the finely minced lemon peel, parsley, and garlic in a small bowl and use to sprinkle over cooked fish, chicken, vegetables, pasta, or other foods.
Gremolata will keep in the fridge for a day, but it's best freshly made.
Recipe created by Kalyn.
Low-Carb Diet / Low-Glycemic Diet / South Beach Diet Suggestions:
Gremolata is a great way to flavor foods without any added fat or calories, and it would be a perfect condiment for pretty much any kind of eating plan.
Find More Recipes Like This One:
Use the Recipes by Diet Type photo index pages to find more recipes suitable for a specific eating plan. You can also Follow Kalyn's Kitchen on Pinterest to see all the good recipes I'm sharing there.
Nutritional Information?
If you want nutritional information for a recipe, you can sign up for a free membership with Yummly and use the Yum button on my site to save the recipe and see the nutritional information. Another option is entering the recipe into this Recipe Nutrition Analyzer, which will calculate it for you.


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The BEST muffins for fall!
Thanksgiving tends to be a time when most people indulge in countless desserts and beverages, and however satisfying they may be, I tend to enjoy these foods even more when they are completely GUILT-FREE. These muffins are the perfect way to kick off pumpkin flavoured everything this fall, and best of all, they are gluten free, flour free and can easily b ...Read more


text: Berzerk Ball 2 is among the greatest game titles that ever released by Flora Traffic . Actually, it really is already interesting to play but, it would be more interesting if we work with Berzerk Ball 2 Money Pack hack tool. This can be the best tool that you may find and we can guarantee that it is working for 100% for the units which use android and IOS as it platform. Simply choose our generator as the best option to generate plenty of Money Pack.arcade


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Recently I was notified of a potential fraud regarding veterans. A marketing company, although not identifying themselves as VA, but saying they can help with VA benefits, requests your PII so you can receive a Wal-Mart gift card. This matter has been reported and complaints filed. Please read the notification from the United States Department of Veterans Affairs about what is being done and what you can do if you believe you have given out your information to this company marketing company.
Potential Fraud Issue for Veterans
Settlement for DePuy ASR Hip Implant Lawsuits
Johnson & Johnson has agreed to pay $2.5 billion to settle the lawsuit of their faulty DePuy ASR hip replacement system. This settlement though, does not cover all of the lawsuits related to their hip implants. This settlement covers those who had this particular implant installed and then removed before August 31, 2013.


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The progressive online bingo site Bingo Hall has just recently announced that they will be opening up a brand-new online bingo room. The room is specifically for first timers to their site and is appropriately named – The Newbie Room.
The purpose of the new room is basically explained in the title. It's for first timers to the Bingo Hall website that want to get accustomed without diving headfirst. This new online bingo room gives players an introduction to the Bingo Hall experience and creates a smooth transition into the world of online bingo.
Why the Newbie Room?
Bingo Hall states the reasons for opening a Newbie Room. Please see below what they had to say:
"We decided to open up the Newbie Room because we noticed that our online bingo community can be quite daunting to a first timer on our site. A lot of our players have been playing with us for years and have developed circles of friends.
Think of it like being a kid on his first day at a new school. It's really kind of scary. All the other kids already know each other, have their group of friends and understand the rules of the school. It can be hard for the new kid to fully integrate and it usually takes a good month before they do so.
There's also the aspect of the online bingo lingo that goes on. Joining one of our chat rooms for the first time can be like reading a foreign language. Everybody writes in acronyms, which can be hard to understand for somebody that's never participated in chat games before.
Our Newbie online bingo room is here to make sure these problems don't exist for a new player on our online bingo site. The room is set up so that when a new person joins Bingo Hall they will be playing amongst other newcomers as well. The room is led by an experienced Chat Moderator that is there to teach all the new players the language of online bingo. The new players will learn all the acronyms and how to participate in the chat room bingo games.
Once a player signs up to use our site they will have access to the Newbie Room for their first 30 days. After the 30 days are up they will have to move on and play in any of our other rooms. From what we've seen so far this is a very smooth transition and it's helped introduce a vast number of players to the world of online bingo. The players that start playing in our Newbie Room end up coming out more experienced and better prepared to win our tournaments as well as jackpots.
With our new room we hope to see an increase in the amount of people that start to participate in our friendly bingo community."
Are you a first timer to the world of online bingo? If so then head on over to Bingo Hall today where their friendly staff are there to help you with any questions you have. Signing up is easy and you get $25 bonus just for completing the form.
Questions or comments? Leave them in the section below.


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Events for February 8, 2019 › Receptions and Ceremonies
Events Search and Views Navigation
12:00 pm
Black History Month Friday Social
Throughout the month of February, the University of Maine Black Student Union will host social events every Friday. Attendees are encouraged to meet students and identify opportunities for collaboration and sponsorship. This is a great opportunity to learn more about this student organization, campus initiatives and political action supported by these students, and to enjoy […]Find out more »


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Mount Everest Base Camp is in Nepal at an altitude of 5,370 meters and at North Base Camp is in Tibet at 5,545 meters. Everest Base camp is rudimentary campsites on Mount Everest that are used by mountain climbers during their ascent and descent. South Base Camp is used when climbing via the southeast ridge as well as a base camp visitor, while North Base Camp is used when climbing via the northeast ridge. Everest Base Camp trekking on the south side is one of the most popular trekking routes in the Himalayas, Nepal and is visited by thousands of trekkers each year.
One of the primary goals of an Everest Trekking is to visit Everest base camp at an elevation of above 5370 meters. However, you cannot see Everest from the base camp, so most our trekkers climb Kalapattar, a 5545 meter bump on the southern flank of Pumori (7145 meters) which is highly rewarding for the views over the entire Khumbu Mountains.
To get near Everest Base Camp, either you can walk from Jiri 12 days or drive to Sallery 9 day trek or fly to Lukla and walk 7 days. Many trekkers or climbers use fly to Lukla and take two days to reach Namche Bazaar. Namche Bazaar is the Sherpa's head quarter. Explore the Sagarmatha National park office, Sherpa typical monastery, Sherpa museum; Everest view point hotel, homeland of Sherpa village Kunde and Khumjung need one full day. Continue walk to 4, 5 hours to reach Tangboche, the famous monastery. Many tourists join the daily worship celebration in Tangboche monastery at 3PM or 6am. Passing through the Pongboche village, recommend an acclimatization day in Dingboche at altitude of 4410 meters. Trek from Digboche two days to reach Gorap-Shep. Group-Shep is the last spot for Tea house/Lodge for trekkers.
Asian Hiking Team's itinerary obtains Everest Base Camp trekking, Sherpa people home land Namche, Khumjung, Pangboche, hiking to Kalapattar for the billion of fantastic views, a day trekking to explore the Everest Base camp run feather of Everest. If giving itinerary is not matched, lets us know we redesign another itinerary as your interest and time frame.
Asian Hiking Team organizes Everest Base camp trekking stay in Guest House or Hotel. Our guides have many years of guiding experience in Everest Sagarmatha area. Many of our guides and porters originally came from Khumbu Region. Our guides are trained in first aid and know how to handle any situation. We need to provide guides who can get people to feel involved in what they are experiencing, explain it thoroughly and keep them entertained. They know very well how to facilitate running smooth and safe trip appreciating the beauty of the Khumbu Himalayas. Our porters carry 25 to 30 KG, those all are Rai or Sherpa ethnic group's and are professional potters. Their first hand experience, local knowledge, expertise and humor on treks are invaluable.


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Okay let's talk about penis safety; this is something that should worry most men who are trying to enlarge their penis. No matter what kind of penis enlargement method you choose, there will always be some sort of risk involved. Even with penis exercises it is possible to stretch too hard and injury your penis.
The penis enlargement method that can cause the biggest problems is surgery. Every now and then I hear stories about men who have lost all feeling in the penis because of a surgery. This is some serious stuff that would heal with time, like injuries from penis exercises or penis extenders. That's why you should consider all other options before you get your penis enlarged with surgery.
Penis pumps
Penis pumps are good if they are used the right way. But most men use them too much! This will expand the blood vessels too much and the tiny vessels will break. If you use a penis pump with too much pressure over too long time if will cause a permanent erection dysfunction. It is VERY important to read the manual that comes with the pump and follow the guidelines in it.
Penis extender
A penis extender is very safe device if used correctly. Unfortunately there are some examples of people who have assembled the penis extender wrong and that has caused the extender to break and stab into the penis shaft. It is again very important to read the manual and follow the instructions! And choose a device of good quality so I won't break while you wear it.
Penis exercises
This is the safest way to enlarge your penis but it's also the slowest. You can avoid any injury by warming up your penis before you start your exercise routine. Soak a towel in hot water (NOT boiling) and wrap the towel around you penis and leave it for 5 min. Do this before each exercise session.
Use your common sense no matter what method you will use to enlarge you penis. And buy good quality products that don't break and hurt you. Cheap is in most cases also the worst products, unfortunately.
I have personally chosen a penis extender called SizeGenetics with is a extender in very high quality. You can read about my own penis enlargement project here.


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Silent depths join the refrain
Sun's magic runs deep
What a glorious way to begin or end a day, Mickie, and what a terrific capture! Fantastic colors and great composition! Hope you have a wonderful weekend!
wow that is so pretty, Mickie... Nice choice !
There goes Mother Nature showing off again! Wow! You captured the moment perfectly. Enjoy the weekend!
I love it It's beautiful.
Fantastic! I love the reflection!
Beautiful sunset! The colors are absolutely wonderful. I too am interested in art and nature.
Absolutely beautiful, Mickie!
An amazing sunset! You should submit it to my new photo meme, Orange You Glad It's Friday, featuring photography with a little or a lot of orange! It can be found on my blog every Friday. Hope to see you there!
Very nice Mickie, such a lovely shot
How lovely!
Wow, this shot is stunning! I just love the reflection. A perfect way to start my morning viewing one of your lovely photographs. Beautiful haiku to accompany the image too.
Heart-warming colours! Beautiful composition!
Gorgeous! :)
Gorgeous sky and reflection :-)
So beautiful and lovely warm colours.
Superbe !
SURPRISE.....Genie here. So good to be back among my blogger friends after quite the break. I did not know how much I was going to miss. I did save the hibiscus plant over the winter, but it did not produce any blooms this summer...a real disappointment. Do not think I am going to try to hold it over another year. Your pond makes me think of the one I sat beside all last week in my son's backyard on Baimbridge Island. It was so pretty. The reflection of the sun is gorgeous. There is nothing like a beautiful pond...but think a creek in the front yard is second best. Hope you are well. genie
Love this photo, it is amazing. I'm a new follower.
Simply stunning, pinned and tweeted.
His creations are amazing and His ways too.
Thanks for sharing this lovely pic


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Business listings on this website are subject to change their hours and availability. Some local businesses are closed temporarily while social distancing is taking place.
To check on availability and services during this time, click the "Amenities Menu" below and then select "Business Continuity" in the drop down menu.
Please check with the business' website or social media to ensure this information in accurate.


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New Delhi [India], Apr 16 (ANI): Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Monday emplaned for a two-day visit to Sweden beginning from today.
The Prime Minister will embark on a five-day official visit to Sweden, the United Kingdom (UK) and Germany.
Apart from bilateral visits to the two countries, Prime Minister Modi will attend the India-Nordic Summit and Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) in Sweden and the United Kingdom respectively.
"At the invitation of Swedish Prime Minister Stefan Lofven, Prime Minister Modi will undertake his first visit to Sweden on April 16 to 17. He is scheduled to arrive in Stockholm on April 16 evening and will have a number of meetings on April 17, including an audience with the King of Sweden, King Carl XVI Gustaf, and consultations with Prime Minister Lofven," according to Ministry of External Affairs statement.
Prime Minister Modi will address a gathering of select Swedish business leaders and will also meet the Indian community in Sweden.
On the sidelines of the India-Nordic Summit, Prime Minister Modi will have separate bilateral meetings with Prime Ministers of Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Norway respectively.
The Prime Minister will visit the UK from April 17 to 20 for a bilateral visit and attend CHOGM. The forthcoming visit of Prime Minister Modi's visit to the UK will focus on enhancing India-UK tech partnership.
The visit will see a number of deliverables in the area of skill development, healthcare, cybersecurity, innovation, traditional medicine, and education. The India-UK CEOs Forum will also take place during this visit. Also, the UK will formally convey their readiness to join the International Solar Alliance (ISA).
Prime Minister Modi will attend the CHOGM in London from April 19 to 20. The meetings of the Commonwealth Heads of Government usually take place every two years and serve to shape the organisation's agenda for the next two years.
After concluding his visits to Sweden and the UK, the Prime Minister will meet Chancellor Angela Merkel in Berlin for a brief while and both the leaders will exchange views on a number of bilateral, regional and global issues.
This will be the first meeting between the two leaders since Merkel began her fourth term on March 14. (ANI)


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The image has just won a prize at the 2017 Golden Turtle International Photography Competition
This rare wildlife photo of an albino whale has won the underwater category at the 2017 Golden Turtle International Photography Competition.
Craig Parry's unique image, called 'The Ghost,' won 'The Underwater World' category at the Russian-based competition, which received over 10,000 entries across 92 countries in 2017.
The photographer has revealed how he took the amazing photograph of Migaloo, who is one of only two known albino humpback whales in the world.
Parry took the photograph in July 2016 when Migaloo made its migration up the east coast of Australia past Byron Bay.
He said: "This time of the year, I make it a habit to start my day on the ocean photographing the whales as they migrate along the coast.
"When I saw the white belly of Migaloo reveal itself in the distance I had to look twice – I couldn't believe it."
Parry was with his crew at the time and they turned their engines off and drifted along taking photos for about half an hour, while the whale made its way over to them.
However, the winning shot was captured with a bit of luck when he used his camera, water-housing and trigger pole from over the side of the boat in order to continue photographing the other surrounding marine life.
"Migaloo reappeared and gave my camera a cheeky grin," he said. "Truly the image of a lifetime!"
Jaw-dropping great white shark photo goes viral
A photo of a great white shark has taken the internet by storm after art teacher Amanda Brewer posted it…
Franco Banfi tells the story behind his viral photo
Wildlife photographer Franco Banfi talks about his striking photograph of a pod of sleeping sperm whales
Wildlife Photographer of the Year 2017 winner 'needs to provoke the greatest public outcry'
All of the results from the Wildlife Photographer of the Year 2017 competition have been announced. Check out our gallery…
The 2017 Golden Turtle International Photography Competition is in its 11th year and is open to photographers from all countries. Winners were selected in a number of wildlife photo categories from microcosms to landscapes.
Craig Parry is oceanic and nature photographer based in Byron Bay, Australia. His winning image of the albino whale will be part of a display in Moscow until November 5.


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Updates for participates!
4/7: News - we won't be able to have access to the forest theater's backstage room or to power until 12 or 1 PM, will keep you updated on that. We'll still have the 9:30 run thru with models. And hair and makeup will still go according to schedule, it will be in a different location, which will be announced! We also can't sell raffle tickets, but we will give people the tickets and have a free door-prize announcement during the show, and we'll have a big donation bin at the entrance to the theater to help designers out with $$$. So, sort of a few speed bumps, but we'll manage! Good news: clothing warehouse has given us 5 of their craziest new dresses to walk during the show, how exciting! So keep an eye out for more info.


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Saturday, 10 July 2010
Cool Eco Fair at Hot Venue
If you want to find a cool place to hang out in Bury St Edmunds today, then drop into the Eco Fair that is being hosted by the Fire Station, thanks to Fire Fighter Paul Turner who has worked so hard to organise the event.
Yes you heard it right and apologies to friends on Facebook for having to listen to me mention it yet again, but this it the place to be to find about all things eco today. I first wrote about it some months ago, in this blogpost here and a lot has happened since then, with a whole load of groups and people signed up to attend today, including the www.welovelocalfood.co.uk who helped me with my Suffolk Diet, Dan from Onya Bags, trendy fire hose upcyclers Elvis & Kresse, local growers Nowton Park nurseries, The Suffolk Climate Change Partnership, Woodland Ways, Bury LETS bartering group and Greener Bury, the launch of a local transition town movement.
There will be lots to keep the kids entertained too, including dressing up as a fireman, building bird or bat boxes and some children's yoga.
As well as promoting eco awareness, the fire and rescue service will also be raising awareness over safety and the event will also include a demonstration of an emergency car rescue, featuring me being cut out of a car. Note how casually I mentioned that. I'm actually more terrified of being the guinea pig for that demonstration than I am of giving a presentation later today about the Rubbish Diet.
As a result I've set up a couple of sponsor pages to help me through it. Although free to enter, the event is trying to raise money for charity and all the proceeds will be shared by the Fire Fighters Charity and the EACH Treehouse Appeal, to help build a new children's hospice in Ipswich. These are two charities that can't help make you feel lucky to be alive. So it would be really great if you could sponsor my emergency car rescue on either or both my Justgiving pages that have I set up specifically for the event. You can find them at www.justgiving.com/thatrubbishwoman (EACH) or www.justgiving.com/BuryEcoFair (Fire Fighters our Charity). You know I hate asking for money, but boy do these two causes really need your help.
Well, I hoped this blogpost this morning would calm my nerves a little, but the butterflies are still there. So, if you're in Bury, it would be great to see you there today. It's running from 10am -4pm. There's even going to be a showing of The Age of Stupid, which is another first for Bury St Edmunds too!
Labels: Bury St Edmunds Eco Fair
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Midnight Mystic Yoga Camisole
Midnight Mystic Yoga Camisole
Tripled layered in a majestic range of turquoise to purple, to midnight blue. The colors almost glow!
The fabric has a nice stretch to it and is made with a lightweight cotton, which is great for layering or as a comfortable and pretty tank top for the minimum amount of clothing necessary.
Sizing for this style is fitted, stretchy, and approximate.
- Medium measures 13" across at the bust, and 22" from the top of the strap to hem, total length
- Large measures 14" across, and 22" from shoulder to hem, total length
- XLg measures 15" across, and 23" from shoulder to hem, total length
- 0X measures 16" across, and 23" from shoulder to hem, adjustable strap
- 1X measures 17" across, and 24" from shoulder to hem, adjustable strap
- 2X measures 18" across, 25" length with an adjustable strap
- 3X measures 19" across, 25" length, also with an adjustable strap
Care is easy - machine wash and dry. They will not shrink, fade, or change color with proper care.
Fabric content: 98% cotton, 2% elastane
More info about shopping and returns can be found in the Shopping Polices section.


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When Guy Cammilleri presented at the Moscow International Open Festival of Fitness last October, it was the first time he had stepped foot in Russia. Sure, he had done his share of traveling as the leader of World Gym International, Los Angeles. But most of those trips kept him mainly in North America.
And with this first trip to Russia came another first. He spoke to about 200 people with the aid of an interpreter who traveled with him to Russia.
"That was interesting for me in the sense that I've had opportunities throughout my career, both in this industry and in the industry I was in prior, to speak in front of people," Cammilleri says. "But it's always been in front of an American or Canadian audience where translation wasn't necessary. So it was a new experience for me to try to give a speech and having to stop every couple of sentences."
Cammilleri and his family had enjoyed success in the hair salon industry with JOICO International, which was built in the 1970s and sold in 2001. When the family took over World Gym in 2009, a then-36-year-old Cammilleri made the rounds among World Gym franchisees. His main goal was to convince them to stick with the brand after the company was in a state of flux following its failed marriage to Planet Fitness, Newington, NH. Cammilleri didn't have an interpreter back then, so he had to learn the fitness club language on the fly.
In 2006, World Gym was sold to Planet Fitness, the brand known for its judgment-free zone and "no lunkheads" alarm, for around $10 million. The Planet Fitness-World Gym merger dissipated quickly. Several World Gym franchisees did not want to convert their gyms to Planet Fitness. According to Cammilleri, more than 100 World Gym franchisees left the system.
"The culture of Planet Fitness and the attitude toward the World Gyms was just so opposite and so abrasive that most of the gyms just de-branded," Cammilleri says. "I hate to be flippant about it, but I don't think I could lose 100 gyms if I made that my goal. That's hard to do."
In the summer of 2008, Cammilleri received a call from Planet Fitness, which was trying to gauge his interest in purchasing World Gym again. The Cammilleris had first tried to buy World Gym in 2005. The family shared a mutual contact with then-World Gym President and CEO Mike Uretz, who has remained as an advisor to World Gym.
The second time was the charm for the Cammilleris. The deal was finalized for undisclosed terms on Dec. 31, 2008. Since Jan. 1, 2009, the Cammilleris have been in charge of World Gym.
Learning the System
"We weren't a franchisor, and we weren't in the fitness industry," Cammilleri says. "The only thing we had was great business expertise and branding expertise from another industry, and we had a personal passion for fitness. It took us the first two to three years to really learn how to operate as a franchisor, then as a brand developer. We essentially inherited a franchising business and had to learn how to be a good franchisor."
The pitch Cammilleri made to franchisees was simple, and, as he puts it, "pretty shameless."
Cammilleri told them: "Look, you don't know who I am. You don't know my family. You might hate us. You might hate what we want to do with the brand. But I'm not going to force you into a new five-year contact. How about you go month-to-month, same fees as you're paying right now. In 12 months from now, if you hate us then, leave. No harm, no foul."
Cammilleri did remind World Gym franchisees that if they left the system, it was going to cost them about $100,000 to rebrand.
"So it's either going to cost you 100 grand to leave because you're mad at Planet Fitness, who is no longer in the picture, or you can hang around paying the same fees you've been paying for years and just watch us," Cammilleri told them. "Let's talk again in a year, and if you're OK with where we're headed, then maybe we talk about getting you back onto a traditional franchise agreement and relationship."
World Gym is operated by four members of the Cammilleri family. Joyce Cammilleri, Guy's mother, owns World Gym and is chairman of the board. In addition to Guy, 41, who serves as managing director, twin brothers Marcus and Leo, 39, are directors.
For Joyce Cammilleri, purchasing World Gym provided an opportunity for the family to build a company together, says her eldest son.
"She knew it was probably one of the few things in the world that she could invest in where her three adult sons would also love being involved," Cammilleri says. "Once we sold the original company, one thing we decided as a family…we didn't want to invest in a company or an industry again unless we know it's something we really enjoy doing as a family."
A family connection to bodybuilding gave the Cammilleris an affinity for the World Gym brand. Marcus and Leo Cammilleri have competed as bodybuilders and got into the sport through their father, who also was a bodybuilder. Guy, on the other hand, is not.
"I'm the black sheep in my family because I only work out five days a week," he says.
Going Global
At the end of 2013, World Gym had 210 gyms in 14 countries. Internationally, the company has enjoyed strong growth in Taiwan, led by Americans John Caraccio, founder and president of World Gym Taiwan, and CEO Michael Sanciprian. World Gym Taiwan has 25 locations, with four more in pre-sale that are expected to open by June.
The latest international World Gym opened this month in the Czech Republic, the company's first gym in that country. The Czech Republic gym is co-owned by World Gym's franchisees in Russia. Closer to home, the company has 19 gyms committed to open during the next several years in the eastern part of Canada, Cammilleri says.
When Cammilleri took over World Gym in 2009, about 70 percent of World Gyms were in the United States, he says. Today, the breakdown of domestic to international World Gyms is about 60/40 as the company looks to become more of a global brand.
"We do need to figure out how to instigate more growth in the U.S.," Cammilleri says. "At the same time, we're not going to turn away good growth just because it happens to come from outside the U.S. Our prediction is we probably will have more gyms outside the U.S. than in the U.S. within five years. We're OK with that because we see ourselves as a global brand that just happens to be American, just like Coca-Cola and Nike and Harley-Davidson are global brands that happen to be American born. We're OK with being ranked with those companies someday, and that's our goal."
As the company expands, however, it is not forgetting its roots. World Gym was founded in 1976 in Santa Monica, CA, by Joe Gold, who also is the founder of Gold's Gym. Like Gold's Gym, World Gym's legacy includes the likes of Arnold Schwarzenegger and Lou Ferrigno. Last year, World Gym presented Ferrigno with its Joe Gold Lifetime Achievement Award at the company's convention in Las Vegas. This November, World Gym will be the title sponsor of the first annual Ferrigno Legacy bodybuilding show.
Although World Gym is not shying away from its bodybuilding past, Cammilleri wants World Gym to welcome members who are not bodybuilders but who are serious about fitness, citing CrossFit athletes as examples.
"World Gym is famous because of people like Joe Gold and Arnold Schwarzenegger and Lou Ferrigno and the glory days of Muscle Beach," Cammilleri says. "We see our roots coming from that. Let's embrace that in a way that openly acknowledges our bodybuilding history but also opens up a broader, serious fitness path globally where we're attracting the CrossFitters of the world, and we're attracting athletes.
"Our perspective is: If a great bodybuilder or athlete or CrossFitter is working out at one of our gyms, and our trainers are the best trainers in town, are we going to be intimidating to some people? Maybe. But people who are really serious about getting in shape or losing weight, maybe they're going to look at World Gym as the more serious way of doing that, or the more committed way of doing that."
That philosophy, it appears, has helped distance World Gym from Planet Fitness.


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Permit me to share a music video I created this morning. I composed the track (previously unreleased) after spending a sunny lazy day in the park with a friend. We fell asleep in the grass briefly, felt the sun on our skin, and laughed in good company.
Life is to be enjoyed, experienced with good company, and used to create art, love, and opportunity. Life is hard sometimes, yes. I know this. I have not had an easy one, but I still I have profound gratitude for it.
This is my first music video. Enjoy!


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Ebsta enables you to add new records (Accounts, Contacts, Leads and Opportunities) to Salesforce directly from Gmial or the web page you are on.
1. Open Ebsta by clicking on the Ebsta button in the top right-hand corner of your browser.
2. Hover over the + Add button in the bottom left-hand corner and select Lead.
3. Complete the relevant fields and then click Save.
4. You will then be directed to the Lead record once it has been created. You can now record activities, Chatter and more.
Recommended next reading:
How do I use Chatter in Ebsta?
How do I add a Link to Chatter in Ebsta?


text: Guntersville (previously known as Gunter's Ferry and later Gunter's Landing) is a city in Marshall County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census, the population of the city was 8,197. The city is the county seat of Marshall County. Guntersville is located in a HUBZone as identified by the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA).


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"This is an important book. Empathy, cooperation, trusting, heroism, stinginess, skepticism, anger, tough mindedness: Paul Zak unpacks these and other deeply human feelings with his pioneering research into brain chemistry and his keen journalist eye–exposing the dignity (and treachery) within our common human nature. You will never think about lobsters, gossip,"butt slapping" footballers, middle management or the recent housing bubble fiasco the same way again. It's a "must know" and a great read."
—Helen Fisher, author of Why We Love
"Paul Zak tells the remarkable story of how he discovered and explored the biochemistry of sympathy, love and trust with the narrative skill of a novelist. Philosophy, economics and biology have rarely been so entertaining."
—Matt Ridley, author of Genome
"An ancient mammalian molecule prods us to bond with others. Paul Zak offers a most engaging account of this important discovery, bound to overthrow traditional thinking about human behavior, including economics and morality."
—Frans de Waal, author of The Age of Empathy
"Paul Zak's investigations into the best things in life are inspired, rigorous, and tremendous fun. We need more daring economists like him."
— Tyler Cowen, author of An Economist Gets Lunch
"Zak has always been intrepid, with a sense of innocent but parsimonious wonder, and as a result his book on rather severe issues is nevertheless fresh—and moral."
—Lionel Tiger, author of God's Brain


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Alaitol Adventure & Safaris, Arusha, Tanzania
Alaitol Adventure & Safaris was created with love, and out of decades of experience in safaris, to offer what no other tour operator was able to offer: We excellent in quality customer service, as we take care of our clients prior to their arrival by provide detailed answers to their inquiries, during their journey with us in Tanzania, until they leave for their home destination, high end equipment, amazing vehicles, and most importantly professional & experience guides.
We offer budget to luxury adventure safari for reasonable price and utilize profits to maintain our own community projects in Tanzania.
We organize wildlife safaris, culture safaris,waking safari, Chipanzee trekking, mount Kilimanjaro climbing and Zanzibar beach holiday with absolute adherence to quality of service, value for money and cultural integrity.
Whatever you are an individual traveler, Family, honeymoners, group, tour company, school, college or organization, reach out to us and let us start working on your next adventure.
Along with our multilingual staff, we are able to customize our services in English, French, Italian, German and Spanish to make sure our clients have an unforgettable tour experience and life-long memories of the wonderful countryside of Tanzania. As a company, our focus is on organizing tours with an ethical and professional approach to exceed tourist expectations.
We hope that this will be the start of a very exciting journey for you and we welcome you to discover Tanzania with us.
As an ICPT Member i would like to extend our interest in forming a partnership with ICTP community as your ground handler in Tanzania.
by Abel Kimani


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Cap and Clear-Cut
California's cap-and-trade system, which has been touted as a model for reducing greenhouse gas emissions worldwide, allows timber companies to clear-cut forests.
By Will Parrish
Posted by Norman Lippman on 01/26/2016 at 4:06 PM
Millions of forest people could lose their homelands and livelihoods, if California's Cap and Trade buys REDD *1 carbon credits.
Trading REDD+ (REDD) carbon offsets without enforcing forest people's land tenure & human rights will accelerate climate change & land grabs.
This article convincingly presents the ineffectiveness & local danger of California's Cap and Trade(AB32) . But it understates the global suffering, dislocation & acculturation AB32 will cause due to buying carbon offset through REDD as it currently is written.
At the 2015 Paris Climate Conference (COP21) Pennie Opal Plant of the group 'Idle No More Solidarity San Francisco Bay', shouted at Governor Brown "Richmond, California says 'no' to REDD!"…"no' to evicting indigenous people from their forests…!" Eviction is just the beginning.
AB32 is targeting Acre, Brazil for REDD cap and trade. "According to Ninawa Huni Kui, the president of the Federation of the Huni Kui people in Acre, Brazil in the Brazilian Amazon, the community he is from, is no longer to fish in their own land, to cultivate food, or to practice agriculture. All of these activities are banned and have been declared illegal, and people are jailed if they participate in agriculture or go fishing. Leaders are being criminalized for opposing the [REDD] project."
One of the most cost effective methods of sequestering carbon, REDD's main goal, is by recognizing and enforcing the land & resource tenure of forest people . A. Agrawal's study "shows that the larger the forest area under community ownership the higher the probability for better biodiversity maintenance, community livelihoods and carbon sequestration." "The growing evidence that communities and households with secure tenure rights protect, maintain and conserve forests is an important consideration for the world's climate if REDD schemes go forward, and even if they do not." according to Agrawal, A. (2008) 'Livelihoods, carbon and diversity of community forests: trade offs and win wins?'
World Bank SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT WORKING PAPERS Paper No. 120/December 2009 stated, "…the cost range of recognizing community tenure rights (average $3.31/ha) is several times lower than the yearly costs estimates for …. an international REDD scheme ($400/ha/year to $20,000/ha/year)." "…a relatively insignificant investment in recognizing tenure rights has the potential to significantly improve the world's carbon sequestration and management capacity…, prioritizing policies and actions aimed at recognizing forest community tenure rights can be a cost-effective step to improve the likelihood that REDD programs meet their goals."
Tropical forested countries have very poor land tenure rights enforcement record for forest people. Living on Earth"(LOE) radio reported, that "governments own about 75 percent of the world's forests, less than ten percent legally belong to communities. In Indonesia, 65 million people live off forests—most of them have no official rights to the land they consider theirs. In the eyes of the Forest Ministries, they're squatters occupying a national resource."
Even Brazil which has a better record than most Tropical countries, has failed to adequately recognize & enforce resource & human rights. "Clear ownership records exist for less than 4 percent of the land in private hands throughout the Brazilian Amazon, government officials said… …In the state of Pará, officials have discovered false titles for about 320 million acres, almost double the amount of land that actually exists, according to federal officials." New York Times, December 26, 2009 by Alexei Barrionuevo.
?Got The Golden Rule?
The REDD agreement is only requesting that REDD participants address land tenure rights, forest governance, safeguards and participation for marginalized traditional forest peoples. Would the Paris Agreement negotiators and REDD promoters sign an agreement not to have their family's property rights or human rights enforced but just request them to be addressed? Not securing those rights prior to REDD funding or payment for marginalized forest peoples with minimal legal means and sophistication is unethical, not the "Golden Rule".
"Given the history of land tenure and conflict in most Tropical countries with large remaining forests, it is implausible and inefficient to believe that rights being requested at the country level will be sufficient. After remote forests & their peoples are put on REDD's radar it will be a rearguard nightmare to try to stem the suffering, dislocation & acculturation. Either amend REDD to stipulate recognition & enforcement of resource and human rights prior to funding or do not increase interest in those forests by introducing REDD without rights." commented Forest Keeper to Mike Gaworecki's Mongabay 12–14-2015 article.
Abdon Nababan of Indonesia, Secretary General of Indigenous Peoples' Alliance of the Archipelago told LOE: " I think nothings wrong with REDD, if the implementations put indigenous peoples' rights as a precondition. We have the same goals with REDD+, to reduce deforestation and forest degradation, but if they put that in a market scenario, if they put REDD into the hands of corporations, the REDD + will colonize our territory."
Forest Keeper continued, "REDD could be amended, so that it would stipulate that forest communities' resource customary rights shall be secured and enforced before REDD funding is granted for anything other than implementing that legal land tenure process. These rights of resource tenure should be secured for at least three times the life of the oldest tree species in the forest in question and 51% of REDD+ funds or carbon offsets received by the national or sub national Government should be matched by those entities and provided to the forest peoples for the recognition & enforcement of these rights."
California is in the environmental vanguard it could push REDD to recognize and require land tenure and human rights; it could improve Cap & Trade or replace it with a progressive environmental footprint tax.
?AB32 supporters, what is the strategy to ensure REDD requires the recognition and enforcement of customary resource tenure and human rights for forest peoples prior to REDD payment or funding?
While Daniel Nepstad comments to this article refers to some COICA leaders speaking in favor of REDD. Not all COICA leader's believe that REDD sufficiently guarantees their land rights. Jorge Furagaro Kuetgaje, climate coordinator for COICA, the Indigenous People of the Amazon Basin stated, "For us to continue to conserve the tropical forests … we need to have strong rights to those forests. Death should not be the price we pay for playing our part in preventing the emissions that fuel climate change. A Global Witness report found "that at least 116 environmental activists were murdered in 2014, and 40% of the victims were indigenous."
The human rights & land tenure record of Tropical forested countries is alarming. Global Witness's Nov. 30, 2015 Press release stated, "At least 640 land and environmental activists have been killed since the 2009 climate negotiations in Copenhagen – some shot by police during protests, others gunned down by hired assassins." Nepstad & other REDD supporters can always find groups confident enough in their land tenure to participate in "Sectoral REDD" activities, but they are a minuscule minority of the world's forest people. The vast majority of forest people need those rights now and even more if exposed to REDD.
Mike Gaworecki's 12-14-2015 Mongabay article states, "Indigenous peoples and other local forest communities are known to be excellent stewards of their land, but according to the Indigenous leaders assembled in Paris, their ability to protect the forests they call home is often limited by lack of legal and financial support, especially when they lack title to their traditional lands… …The provisions on human rights and ecosystem integrity in the Paris Agreement are aspirational, however, meaning they are not binding requirements and must be implemented on the ground before they begin to make any kind of difference — and while it's easy to make commitments on paper, it's often far harder to make them a reality."
The history of land rights & human rights for the world's 1.2 billion forest people *2 suggests that these rights should be required prior to REDD funding; currently they are not stipulated. Global Witness continued, "Most murders occurred in Latin America and Asia with far fewer reported in Africa, however this may be (due) to a lack of information…. …Justice is rarely given to murder victims. Killers are rarely brought to trial and often acquitted when they are. In Brazil, fewer than 10 percent of such murders go to trial, and only 1 percent see convictions."
Forest Keeper stated, "The promotion of REDD without requiring these rights makes these people & their forests much more endangered. The world's unprotected forests and their peoples primarily exist because these forests were not profitable to exploit due to inaccessibility or danger. REDD is creating an economic incentive to now make these forests and their peoples much more profitable to exploit but without requiring the enforcement of the rights that will protect forest peoples & create well regulated markets. Carbon credit entrepreneurs, Government entities and NGOs have started promoting REDD without the enforcement of required safeguards in the last remote forests."
*1REDD+ as it reads after the 2015 Paris Climate Conference
*2 Mongabay posted on 5-16-2012, "Up to 20% of humanity (is) directly dependent on forests.
Despite a global trend towards urbanization, some 1.2-1.7 billion people worldwide remain primarily dependent on forests for their livelihoods, reports a review published by the Forest Peoples Programme.
The figures exclude people who are indirectly dependent on forests for the services they provide, including climate regulation, provision of clean water, and carbon sequestration. The data, which comes from an array of sources, indicates that the vast majority of people dependent on forests are small-holders, who rely on subsistence agriculture or agroforestry. Only a handful of forest people remain truly nomadic.
The report notes that 200 million of the world's "forest people" are considered "indigenous". Estimates of indigenous people worldwide range from 454-560 million." https://news.mongabay.com/2012…


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Ostend at Anchor / Oostende voor Anker 2007 (Belgium)
Once every year in the last weekend of May the town of Ostend (Oostende), Belgium, is fully "maritime." The Annual Ostend at Anchor event is a celebration of seafaring and shipping. Some of the finest and oldest Belgian and foreign sailing ships can be seen and visited in Ostend then. Please notice that Original formats are disabled to protect my images from theft. To further protect my images they are watermarked. Watermarks will not appear on prints or gifts/merchandise you buy!Read More
All Photos © Luc De Jaeger
Photos may not be used for any purposes without the express written permission of Luc De Jaeger


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Dr Fiona Kyle
- Dr Fiona Kyle
- +44 (0)20 7040 4134
- firstname.lastname@example.com
Postal Address
Northampton Square
United Kingdom
Fiona Kyle is a developmental psychologist specialising in literacy development in typical and atypical populations. She joined City University London in 2013 after previously working at the University of Cambridge, University of Jyvaskyla, UCL and University of Bedfordshire.
Fiona is a Chartered Psychologist who joined the Division in October 2013. She specialises in developmental psychology and her research focuses on literacy and language development in typical and atypical populations. She completed a PhD at Royal Holloway College, University of London, investigating the longitudinal predictors of reading and spelling development in deaf children. She then continued this line of research with an ESRC Postdoctoral Research Fellowship at the Centre for Neuroscience in Education at the University of Cambridge. She subsequently held several postdoctoral research fellow positions at the Deafness, Cognition and Language Research Centre (DCAL) at UCL, the University of Cambridge and the University of Jyvaskyla, Finland. From 2011-2013 she was a Senior Lecturer in Developmental Psychology at the University of Bedfordshire. Fiona is currently Programme Director for the BSc in Speech and Language Therapy.
PhD, BSc (Hons)
Administrative Roles
University Roles
- Programmer Director for BSc Speech and Language Therapy
- Module leader for HCM010: Identity, Inclusion and Living with a Disability
Committee/Board Memberships
- Committee member for BPS Developmental Section Committee
- Chair for Consortium for Research in Deaf Education (CRIDE)
Editorial Board Memberships
-Editorial Board Member for Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education (JDSDE)
- Reviewer for many journals
Professional Bodies
- Associate Fellow of the British Psychological Society (BPS)
- Voting member of the Society for Scientific Study in Reading (SSSR)
- Member of the Experimental Psychology Society (EPS)
- Associate Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (HEA)
- Computer-assisted reading interventions
Research Overview
Fiona's research programme focuses mainly around the acquisition and development of literacy, language and cognitive skills in typical and atypical child populations. She is particularly interested in how deaf children learn to read and spell. Her research has three core strands: literacy development in deaf children; identifying underlying cognitive process involved in typical reading; providing theory driven reading remediation.
Her previous research investigated the longitudinal predictors of reading and spelling in deaf children and revealed the important role of vocabulary and speechreading in deaf reading. She designed a child-friendly, computerised assessment of speechreading suitable for use with deaf and hearing children: the Test of Child Speechreading (ToCS). Fiona has also conducted research looking at the efficacy of computer assisted reading interventions (CARIs) for struggling readers. She developed an English adaptation of the computerised reading intervention GraphoGame - GGRime.
Fiona's current research involves reading achievements in deaf school leavers; school-based trials of GraphoGame in the UK and Norway; identifying dyslexia in deaf children (with Ros Herman and Penny Roy); investigating the impact of technological advances on deaf children's reading acquisition (with Margaret Harris) and training speechreading in deaf children (with Mairead MacSweeney and colleagues).
Research Areas
- Reading and spelling acquisition
- Literacy development in deaf children
- Disorders of reading and spelling development
Current and Recently Completed Grants / Activities
- 2014: Reading achievements in deaf schools leavers - a pilot feasibility study. Kyle (PI). Funded by City University Pump Priming
- 2012-2014: Reading and dyslexia in deaf children: the special case of deaf children who sign. Herman (PI), Roy & Kyle. Funded by the Nuffield Foundation
- 2011-2014: Evaluating the efficacy of GGRime in a realistic educational setting. Kyle (PI) & Goswami. Funded by The British Academy.
Completed Research
2010-2012: Reading and dyslexia in deaf children: the need for normative data. Herman (PI), Roy & Kyle. Funded by The Nuffield Foundation.
Research assistants
Catherine Barnett, Katie Mayhew
Research Students
Zahra Esmaeeli
Thesis title: A longitudinal Study of Letter Knowledge, Phonological Awareness, and Reading Comprehension
- Triseliotis, J.P., Feast, J. and Kyle, F. (2005). The Adoption Triangle Revisited A Study of Adoption, Search and Reunion Experiences. British Association for Adoption & Fostering(BAAF). ISBN 978-1-903699-71-3.
Chapters (3)
- Kyle, F.E. (2015). Research Methods in Studying Reading and Literacy Development in Deaf Children Who Sign. (pp. 300–318). Wiley. ISBN 978-1-118-27141-4.
- Kvavilashvili, L., Kyle, F.E. and Messer, D.J. (2012). The development of prospective memory in children: Methodological issues, empirical findings, and future directions. Prospective Memory: Cognitive, Neuroscience, Developmental, and Applied Perspectives (pp. 115–140). ISBN 978-0-203-80994-5.
- Kvavilashvili, L., Kyle, F. and Messer, D. (2008). Prospective memory in children: Methodological issues, empirical findings and future directions. In Kliegel, M., McDaniel, M. and Einstein, G.O. (Eds.), Prospective Memory Cognitive, Neuroscience, Developmental, and Applied Perspectives (pp. 113–138). Psychology Press. ISBN 978-1-136-67879-0.
Journal articles (16)
- Esmaeeli, Z., Kyle, F.E. and Lundetræ, K. (2019). Contribution of family risk, emergent literacy and environmental protective factors in children's reading difficulties at the end of second-grade. Reading and Writing, 32(9), pp. 2375–2399. doi:10.1007/s11145-019-09948-5.
- Herman, R., E. Kyle, F. and Roy, P. (2019). Literacy and Phonological Skills in Oral Deaf Children and Hearing Children With a History of Dyslexia. Reading Research Quarterly, 54(4), pp. 553–575. doi:10.1002/rrq.244.
- Pimperton, H., Kyle, F., Hulme, C., Harris, M., Beedie, I., Ralph-Lewis, A. … MacSweeney, M. (2019). Computerized speechreading training for deaf children: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 62(8), pp. 2882–2894. doi:10.1044/2019_JSLHR-H-19-0073.
- Esmaeeli, Z., Lundetræ, K. and Kyle, F.E. (2018). What can Parents' Self-report of Reading Difficulties Tell Us about Their Children's Emergent Literacy at School Entry? Dyslexia, 24(1), pp. 84–105. doi:10.1002/dys.1571.
- Harris, M., Terlektsi, E. and Kyle, F.E. (2017). Concurrent and Longitudinal Predictors of Reading for Deaf and Hearing Children in Primary School. The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 22(2), pp. 233–242. doi:10.1093/deafed/enw101.
- Harris, M., Terlektsi, E. and Kyle, F.E. (2017). Literacy outcomes for primary school children who are deaf and hard of hearing: A cohort comparison study. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 60(3), pp. 701–711. doi:10.1044/2016_JSLHR-H-15-0403.
- Kyle, F.E., Campbell, R. and MacSweeney, M. (2016). The relative contributions of speechreading and vocabulary to deaf and hearing children's reading ability. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 48, pp. 13–24. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2015.10.004.
- Kyle, F.E. and Cain, K. (2015). A Comparison of Deaf and Hearing Children's Reading Comprehension Profiles. Topics in Language Disorders, 35(2), pp. 144–156. doi:10.1097/TLD.0000000000000053.
- Roy, P., Shergold, Z., Kyle, F.E. and Herman, R. (2015). Spelling in oral deaf and hearing dyslexic children: A comparison of phonologically plausible errors. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 36, pp. 277–290. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2014.10.012.
- Kyle, F.E., Campbell, R., Mohammed, T., Coleman, M. and MacSweeney, M. (2013). Speechreading development in deaf and hearing children: Introducing the test of child speechreading. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 56(2), pp. 416–426. doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2012/12-0039).
- Kyle, F., Kujala, J., Richardson, U., Lyytinen, H. and Goswami, U. (2013). Assessing the effectiveness of two theoretically motivated computerassisted reading interventions in the United Kingdom: GG Rime and GG Phoneme. Reading Research Quarterly, 48(1), pp. 61–76. doi:10.1002/rrq.038.
- Kyle, F.E. and Harris, M. (2011). Longitudinal patterns of emerging literacy in beginning deaf and hearing readers. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 16(3), pp. 289–304. doi:10.1093/deafed/enq069.
- Feast, J., Kyle, F. and Triseliotis, J. (2011). Adoptive Fathers' Experiences of Search and Reunion. Adoption and Fostering, 35(1), pp. 57–64. doi:10.1177/030857591103500107.
- Kyle, F.E. and Harris, M. (2010). Predictors of reading development in deaf children: A 3-year longitudinal study. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 107(3), pp. 229–243. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2010.04.011.
- Kyle, F.E. and Harris, M. (2006). Concurrent correlates and predictors of reading and spelling achievement in deaf and hearing school children. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 11(3), pp. 273–288. doi:10.1093/deafed/enj037.
- Oakhill, J. and Kyle, F. (2000). The Relation between Phonological Awareness and Working Memory. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 75(2), pp. 152–164. doi:10.1006/jecp.1999.2529.
Reports (2)
- Herman, R.C., Roy, P. and Kyle, F. (2017). Reading and Dyslexia in Deaf Children. London.
- Herman, R.C., Roy, P. and Kyle, F. (2014). Reading, Dyslexia and Oral Deaf Children: From Research to Practice. London, UK: City University London.
SL1003 & SLM003:Lifespan Studies and Developmental Studies
SL2003:Developmental Psychology
SL3007 & SLM008: Language Processing
HCM010: Identity, Inclusion and Living with a Disability (Module Leader).
Research Centre
Centre for Language Communication Sciences Research; Development Assessment and Intervention Research in Speech and Language research group; Gesture, Deafness and Sign Language research group; Research Associate at the Deafness, Cognition and Language Research Centre (DCAL) at UCL
University Roles
Programmer Director for BSc Speech and Language Therapy
Module leader for HCM010: Identity, Inclusion and Living with a Disability
Committee/Board Memberships
Committee member for BPS Developmental Section Committee
Chair for Consortium for Research in Deaf Education (CRIDE)
Editorial Board Memberships
Editorial Board Member for Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education (JDSDE)
Reviewer for many journals
Professor Margaret Harris (Oxford Brookes University); Professor Usha Goswami (University of Cambridge); Professor Ulla Richardson (University of Jyvaskyla); Dr Mairead MacSweeney (UCL); Professor Penny Roy; Dr Ros Herman


text: Sorry if this has already appeared on the list. I had some problems with my mail, and didn't think it had gone out. Hey all, I hope you can help me. A few months ago, my radiator hose blew. At the time, I noticed that the coolant temperature gauge was extrememly high, maybe 7/8 of the way up. Well, I think that was a symptom of a very weird problem. Since that time, the engine has never been as cool as it used to run. When I bought it used, it ran *extremely* cool, even at highway speeds the temp gauge would stay only about 1/4 up, and the oil temp gauge never exceeded 130 Celsius. Now, the coolant doesn't seem to stabilize at any particular temperature. It also doesn't seem to have any pattern of heating/cooling. For example, I can be running down the highway at 60 or 70 mph and the temp gauge stays about 2/5 of the way up. Not as good as before, but acceptable. Then, suddenly, it will begin climbing rapidly. Sometimes it goes up a little, then stabilizes, sometimes it nearly hits the H and stays up there. At these times, I've had the oil temp run up to > 150 Celsius. It doesn't stay for any particular period of time, but eventually the gauge will drop back below 1/2, and soon after the oil temp will return to 130 or so. I would think that, at highway speeds, the coolant should stabilize at some temperature. Well, mine doesn't stabilize even when running on cruise control on flat territory (Florida) for any length of time. I've tried removing the thermostat, but the problem still persisted. I also think that the car is burning/leaking oil far more than it used to, but I haven't had time to check that out. About a year ago I flushed the coolant system and replace with Prestone Longlife, and the car has had lots of fresh mix since then (like when the radiator hose blew). I really have no idea what is wrong. Please, any ideas? Thanks, Eric firstname.lastname@example.com P.S. My father's '82 Coupe is about to break 300K miles!


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AIIC and ethics
This article, written on my own initiative but with the approval of the president, is designed as an aide-memoire and an explanation of the fundamental principles of ethics. It is not intended to be comprehensive; rather, its author hopes it will stimulate further reactions, give rise to debate and even to further articles. The ethical obligations undertaken by conference interpreters when becoming members of AIIC can be summed up in three words: confidentiality, integrity and collegiality.
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I. Confidentiality
Professional secrecy is governed by Article 2a of the Code of Professional Ethics: "Members of the Association shall be bound by the strictest secrecy."
Confidentiality is the primary virtue of interpreters. Professional secrecy is, moreover, the first quality that interpreters use to convince a doubting client. Any confidential information communicated through the interpreter will be forever buried in his memory (or even forgotten!), and will never be passed on directly or indirectly to third parties.
This provision, which is particularly important in political meetings where journalists are constantly trying to ferret out new information, requires the interpreter to take a vow of absolute silence. It may not even be appropriate to divulge the date or venue of the meeting, or even the fact that the meeting is being held. It is imperative to maintain this silence on the content of the debates; thus, even general questions may have to be answered evasively.
Similarly, in meetings intended to present future projects to a particular audience (e.g. a company presentation on a particular market), confidentiality must be respected.
In a less controversial context, in meetings about people (e.g. candidates, elections, discussions of specific cases) or about organisational matters (e.g. composition of management bodies, amendment of statutes, etc.) maximum discretion is required; it is up to those in a position of authority to decide whether to disseminate the information and, if so, when.
In some cases the information may seem insignificant to the interpreter, but may nevertheless be fairly important. Consider meetings where figures are given (e.g. sales, turnover, economic trends) or technical information is provided (which could always be of interest to competitors). Finally, just as he must not repeat anything that is said at the conference, the interpreter, whatever his views may be, should not express a personal opinion about what happened.
Confidentiality therefore covers what is said, what the interpreter may think about what has been said, the content (including documents) and the circumstances surrounding the meeting (including those present or absent), regardless of the interpreter's views. Who knows who may make use of this information or for what purpose?
When it comes to friends and acquaintances, one can see why it is useful to require "the strictest secrecy" of the interpreter. The absolute nature of this requirement applies to all unauthorised persons. An interpreter may feel like telling a close friend about a meeting; but he must not forget that, although he trusts his friends, they may not respect the need for confidentiality to the same extent as the interpreter.
The absolute nature of this requirement also applies over time. Interpreters must not divulge, even years later, what was learned as part of a professional activity. This explains why interpreters rarely write their memoirs, or why they restrict themselves to describing individual working conditions or personal experiences, but not the actual substance of the work.
The very rare infringements of this rule have always given rise to great indignation within AIIC. This is so even in cases where the question of time limitations for professional secrecy seems to arise, particularly in political contexts where the interpreter was the only witness to certain discussions and where a lot of water has flowed under the bridge in the meantime. Debate on this subject is entirely comparable to the controversy that arose not too long ago about a book published by a former French president's doctor, who felt that his patient's death released him from the requirement of professional secrecy.
Finally, professional secrecy applies not only to outside parties (especially journalists), but also to anyone not allowed into the meeting (including other interpreters), regardless of their position in the organisation. The corollary to the confidentiality rule is consequently strong resistance to any and all pressures exerted on the interpreter.
2. Integrity
There are two kinds of integrity: material and intellectual. On the former, Article 2b stipulates: "Members shall refrain from deriving any personal gain whatsoever from confidential information they may have acquired in the exercise of their duties as conference interpreters." This provision aims at prohibiting what would in another context be called insider trading, i.e. taking advantage of private information that the interpreter receives as a result if his position as an insider.
Article 3c stipulates that "Members of the Association shall not accept more than one assignment for the same period of time." This provision is clearly related to intellectual integrity. It is not only a common sense rule (even the most gifted interpreter cannot be in two places at once!), but is also a question of honesty. By accepting a contract, the interpreter undertakes not to work for anyone else during the period of the contract. He belongs to the team and in some cases is even a member of the staff from a legal standpoint. He therefore is bound by loyalty to his temporary "employer" and this loyalty cannot be divided.
In contrast, although the interpreter must maintain professional secrecy, he can work for competing companies, successively, for example, identifying first with one and then with the other without leaving himself open to accusations of partiality. Consequently, moral integrity, together with confidentiality, leads to neutrality.
Intellectually, an excellent service must always be provided. Article 3a states that " Members of the Association shall not accept any assignment for which they are not qualified."
Each individual interpreter must therefore determine whether his training, past experience, language combination, the documentation in his possession or that he can obtain, preparation time, etc. will enable him to provide a high quality service. If not, then the interpreter should not accept the job.
In this regard it should be noted that the specific requirements in Article 7 of the Code (visibility, documentation, team composition, avoidance of relays, etc.) are not supposed to place excessive constraints on the client, but are intended to allow the interpreter to provide optimum service under the best possible conditions. The corollary to this, of course, is that the interpreter should not accept the offers that are most attractive, but rather those for which he is best qualified. Interpreters do not work for fun or in order to travel, but to ensure good communication during the meeting.
3. Collegiality
Article 4a stipulates that "Members of the Association shall not accept any job or situation which might detract from the dignity of the profession." Article 4b adds, "They shall refrain from any act which might bring the profession into disrepute." Article 6a stipulates that "It shall be the duty of members of the Association to afford their colleagues moral assistance and collegiality."
The last "ethical virtue", collegiality, is therefore referred to in the Code, even if it is sometimes forgotten in practice. This collegiality is exercised in the relationships among members, between members and their Association and between members and third parties.
Relationships among members (Art. 6a) should be characterised by solidarity; this requirement dates back to a period when conference interpreters were few in number and had to "close ranks" in order to survive on the market. In fact, the AIIC Solidarity Fund was created in order to provide financial assistance to colleagues in difficulty.
Moreover, "moral assistance" and "collegiality" can easily be interpreted to refer not only to the general rules, but also to the specific context of conferences, where teamwork, sharing the same booth, facing the same difficulties and, sometimes, living abroad under the same conditions for long periods can mean setting aside personal differences in order to ensure the quality of the work, i.e. communication during the conference. All interpreters are aware that the cohesiveness of a team, getting along well together, mutual assistance and support are vital to the quality of the work.
The second aspect of "collegiality" is seen in the relationship between the members and their Association. Although not spelled out in the Code, the rules on dispute settlement and on disciplinary measures provide safeguards in this context.
The third and final aspect of collegiality is often overlooked. It concerns the relationship between AIIC members and third parties. Each interpreter is seen as representative of the entire profession; so the slightest misdemeanour, in the eyes of non-interpreters, will reflect on the profession as a whole.
This rule requires the development of a certain amount of savoir-faire in the booth and at meetings (courtesy, respect for others, modesty, respecting the role assigned to each team member, e.g. team leader, good relationships with organisers and technicians). This attitude will make it easier to gain acceptance of the interpreters' specific needs (sound quality, visibility, documents, etc.).
This apparently secondary rule is in reality the very foundation of all the others (in particular integrity). In fact, the behaviour of the individual reflects on his boothmates, his team, his Association and, at the end of the day, the entire profession. Public relations activities undertaken by AIIC in recent years aim at highlighting precisely this point as well as at recognition by each interpreter of the responsibility incumbent upon him.
All these rules seem to oblige the interpreter to be superhuman, better integrated than anyone else, more polite, more devoted, more attentive to others. But this is not the case; interpreters have their shortcomings just like anyone else. These rules simply formally establish the constraints that apply to anyone living in society. They come into sharper focus here because the interpreter is the interface between several cultures and, as a communicator, is in the spotlight without ever being the focus of general attention. Therefore, the interpreter must, at all times, reconcile discretion with effectiveness.
August 1997


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Interscope have moved to deny reports that they have dropped Azealia Banks following a controversial Twitter row with Perez Hilton.
The past week has been a dramatic time for Azealia Banks. Even by her own standards, a Twitter row with Angel Haze found the singer enduring enormous press attention with media outlets clearly relishing two high profile newcomers locking horns.
However Perez Hilton's intervention took the row in the new direction. Intervening, the blogger earned the wrath of Azealia Banks who called Hilton a "messy faggot" sparking an enormous online furore.
Later explaining that she does not believe that the word is interchangeable with homosexuality, the explanation drew comment from GLAAD (Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation). "Regardless of her intent or her personal definition, what matters is the meaning given to that word by those who hear it, and the damage it causes when they do. Undoubtedly there are gay kids who follow her on Twitter who hear this word in an entirely different context. This word is used almost universally by bullies, often as part of a larger verbal or physical assault. This word hurts those kids, no matter what Banks meant by it."
The hip hop newcomer later apologised to anyone offended by the Tweet: ""My most sincere apologies to anyone who was indirectly offended by my foul language."
The incident led to widespread reports that Azealia Banks had been dropped by Interscope a matter of weeks before her debut album is due to drop. Complex contacted the label, who denied the news with a simple: "No, she's still with us."


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Survey of
Historic Sites and Buildings
This was the winter home of Charles Carroll of Carrollton during his twilight years and the site of his death in 1832. Christopher Deshon, a Baltimore merchant, built it in 1811-12, and in 1818 sold it to Richard Caton, husband of Carroll's youngest daughter, Mary. Carroll spent the winters there with the couple until his demise. The rest of the time, he resided at Doughoregan Manor in Howard County.
The Deshon-Caton-Carroll Mansion, a good example of Classic Revival architecture, is constructed of brick laid in Flemish bond. It stands 3-1/2 stories high. Six pedimented dormersthree each at the south (front) and north elevationsas well as a central chimney and two end chimneys pierce the low gable roof. A belt course at the second-floor line and dentil cornice at roof level, both of sandstone, extend across the north and south elevations. Recessed rectangular panels of wood are inserted between the second- and third-story windows of the south and west elevations. A large semicircular window is located in the west gable of the attic story. The wide-paneled center door at the main entrance to the house is sheltered by an Ionic marble portico surmounted by an iron railing.
The central hall plan provides for four large rooms, two on each side of the hallway on each of the first three floors. The front entrance opens into a stair hall, in which an elegant spiral stairway rises in an open well up through the three stories. A counting room for business purposes, family dining room, breakfast room, and study occupy the first floor. The second floor, once used primarily for recreation and formal entertainment, contains a large parlor, formal dining room, music room, and library. Bedrooms occupy the third floor, and the attic at one time contained slave quarters.
The house remained in the Caton family until 1856. During the last quarter of that century, a furniture store occupied the first floor, and the owner divided the upper floors into apartments. In 1914 the city of Baltimore acquired the building, and 3 years later put it to use as the "Carroll Vocational School." From about 1930 until 1956 the structure served as a recreation center. Subsequently the house faced the threat of demolition, prevented by the efforts of the Charles Carroll American Heritage Association, Inc. In 1963 the mayor of Baltimore decided that the residence should be preserved. Upon completion of restoration and renovation, in 1967, it was placed under the Municipal Museum, a nonprofit corporation. It became part of the Baltimore City Life Museums in 1985, then changed hands to Carroll Museums, Inc. in 1997, which is rennovating it for public viewing.
Last Updated: 13-Jan-2005