text:
Criticism of the United States government
History of U.S.
expansion and influence
|Foreign policy
|Military history
|Timeline of military operations
|List of wars
|List of bases
|Manifest destiny
|Overseas interventions
|Pax Americana
|America's Backyard
|Territorial acquisitions
Criticism of the United States government and foreign policy encompasses a wide range of sentiments about the actions and policies of the United States.
Mentality, intentions and perceptions of American foreign policy 1
- American exceptionalism 1.1
- Allegations of imperialism 1.2
- Financial interests and foreign policy 1.3
- Manipulation of U.S. foreign policy 1.4
- Lack of vision 1.5
- Allegations of arrogance 1.6
- Allegations of hypocrisy 1.7
Actions of the United States 2
- Support of dictatorships 2.1
- Opposition to independent nationalism 2.2
- Interference in internal affairs 2.3
- Promotion of democracy 2.4
- Undermining of human rights 2.5
- Excessive militarism 2.6
- Violation of international law 2.7
- Commitment to foreign aid 2.8
- Historical foreign policy 2.9
- The Holocaust 2.10
- Alienation of allies 2.11
- Ineffective public relations 2.12
- Ineffective prosecution of war 2.13
- Problem areas festering 2.14
- Ineffective strategy to fight terrorism 2.15
- Historical instances of ineffective policies 2.16
- Spying and surveillance 2.17
Role of internal government structure 3
- Small role of Congress in foreign policy 3.1
- Presidential incompetency 3.2
- Difficulty removing an incompetent president 3.3
- Presidents may lack experience 3.4
- Lack of control over foreign policy 3.5
- Excessive authority of the presidency 3.6
- Over-burdened presidency 3.7
- See also 4
- Further reading 5
- References 6
Mentality, intentions and perceptions of American foreign policy
American exceptionalism
There is a sense in which America sometimes sees itself as qualitatively different from other nations and therefore cannot be judged by the same standards as other countries; this belief is sometimes termed American exceptionalism and can be traced to the so-called Manifest destiny. A writer in Time Magazine in 1971 described American exceptionalism as "an almost mystical sense that America had a mission to spread freedom and democracy everywhere."[1] American exceptionalism has widespread implications and transcribes into disregard to the international norms, rules and laws in the US foreign policy. For example, the US refused to ratify a number of important international treaties such as Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, and American Convention on Human Rights; did not join the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention; and routinely conducts drone attacks and cruise missile strikes around the globe. American exceptionalism is sometimes linked with hypocrisy; for example, the US keeps a huge stockpile of nuclear weapons while urging other nations not to get them, and justifies that it can make an exception to a policy of non-proliferation.[2]
Critics of American exceptionalism drew parallels with such historic doctrines as civilizing mission and white man's burden which were employed by Great Powers to justify their colonial conquests.[3]:267–268 When the United States didn't support an environmental treaty made by many nations in Kyoto or treaties made concerning the Geneva Convention, then many observers deemed American exceptionalism as counterproductive.[4]
Allegations of imperialism
There is a growing consensus among American historians and political scientists that the United States during the American Century grew into an empire resembling in many ways Ancient Rome.[5] Currently, there is a debate over implications of imperial tendencies of the US foreign policy on democracy and social order.[6][7]
In 2002, conservative political commentator Charles Krauthammer declared cultural, economical, technological and military superiority of the US in the world a given fact. In his opinion, people were "coming out of the closet on the word empire".[8] More prominently, the New York Times Sunday magazine cover for January 5, 2003 featured a slogan "American Empire: Get Used To It." Inside, a Canadian author Michael Ignatieff characterized the American imperial power as an empire lite.[9] According to Newsweek reporter Fareed Zakaria, the Washington establishment has "gotten comfortable with the exercise of American hegemony and treats compromise as treason and negotiations as appeasement", and added, "This is not foreign policy; it's imperial policy."[10] Emily Eakin reflecting the intellectual trends of the time, summarized in the New York Times that, "America is no mere superpower or hegemon but a full-blown empire in the Roman and British sense. That, at any rate, is the consensus of some of the nation's most notable commentators and scholars."[8]
Many allies of the US were critical of a new, unilateral sensibility tone in its foreign policy, and showed displeasure by voting, for example, against the US in the United Nations in 2001.[11]
Financial interests and foreign policy
Some historians, including Andrew Bacevich, suggest that the U.S. foreign policy is directed by "wealthy individuals and institutions."[12] In 1893, a decision to back a plot to overthrow the president Harrison in Hawaii was clearly motivated by business interests; it was an effort to prevent a proposed tariff increase on sugar. As a result, Hawaii became a U.S. state afterward.[13] There was allegation that the Spanish-American War in 1898 was motivated mainly by business interests in Cuba.[13]
During the first half of the 20th century the United States became engaged in a series of local conflicts in Latin America, which went into history as banana wars. The main purpose of these wars were to defend American commercial interests in the region. Later, U.S. Marine Corps Major General Smedley Butler famously wrote, "I spent 33 years and four months in active military service and during that period I spent most of my time as a high class muscle man for Big Business, for Wall Street and the bankers. In short, I was a racketeer, a gangster for capitalism.[14]
Some critics assert the U.S. decision to support the separatists in Colombia in 1903 was motivated largely by business interests centered on Panama Canal despite declarations that it aimed to "spread democracy" and "end oppression."[13] One can say that the U.S. foreign policy does reflect the will of the people, however people might have a consumerist mentality, which justifies wars in their minds.[15]
There are allegations that decisions to go to war in Iraq were motivated at least partially by oil interests; for example, a British newspaper The Independent reported that the "Bush administration is heavily involved in writing Iraq's oil law" which would "allow Western oil companies contracts to pump oil out of Iraq up to 30 years, and the profits would be tax-free."[13][16] Whether motivated by oil or not, the U.S. foreign policy appears to much of the world as to have been motivated by oil rationale.[17]
Manipulation of U.S. foreign policy
Some political scientists maintained that setting economic interdependence as a foreign policy goal may have exposed the United States to manipulation. As a result, the U.S. trading partners gained an ability to influence the U.S. foreign policy decision-making process by manipulating, for example, the currency exchange rate, or restricting the flow of goods and raw materials. In addition, more than 40% of the U.S. foreign debt is currently owned by the big institutional investors from overseas, who continue to accumulate the Treasury bonds .[18]:9–10 A Washington Post reporter wrote that "several less-than-democratic African leaders have skillfully played the anti-terrorism card to earn a relationship with the United States that has helped keep them in power", and suggested, in effect, that therefore foreign dictators could manipulate the U.S. foreign policy for their own benefit.[19] It is also possible for foreign governments to channel money through PACs to buy influence in Congress.
Lack of vision
The short-term election cycle coupled with the inability to stay focused on long term objectives motivates American presidents to lean towards actions that would appease the citizenry, and, as a rule, avoid complicated international issues and difficult choices. Thus, Brzezinski criticized the Clinton presidency as having a foreign policy which lacked "discipline and passion" and subjected the U.S. to "eight years of drift."[20] In comparison, the next, Bush presidency was criticized for many impulsive decisions that harmed the international standing of the US in the world.[21] Former director of operations for the Joint Chiefs of Staff Lt. Gen. Gregory S. Newbold commented that, "There's a broad naivete in the political class about America's obligations in foreign policy issues, and scary simplicity about the effects that employing American military power can achieve".[22]
Allegations of arrogance
Some commentators have thought the United States became arrogant, particularly after its victory in World War II.[1] Critics such as Andrew Bacevich call on America to have a foreign policy "rooted in humility and realism."[16] Foreign policy experts such as Zbigniew Brzezinski counsel a policy of self-restraint and not pressing every advantage, and listening to other nations.[20] A government official called the US policy in Iraq "arrogant and stupid," according to one report.[23]
Allegations of hypocrisy
The US has been criticized for making statements supporting peace and respecting national sovereignty, but whilst carrying out military actions such as in Contras in Nicaragua.[26][27] The US has been criticized for voicing concern about narcotics production in countries such as Bolivia and Venezuela but doesn't follow through on cutting certain bilateral aid programs.[28] The US has been criticized for not maintaining a consistent policy; it has been accused of denouncing alleged rights violations in China while supporting alleged human rights abuses by Israel.[11]
However, some defenders argue that a policy of rhetoric while doing things counter to the rhetoric was necessary in the sense of realpolitik and helped secure victory against the dangers of tyranny and totalitarianism.[29]
The US is advocating that Iran and North Korea should not develop nuclear weapons, while the US, the only country to have used nuclear weapons in warfare, maintains a nuclear arsenal of 5,113 warheads. However, this double-standard is legitimated by the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), to which Iran is a party.
Actions of the United States
Support of dictatorships
The US has been criticized for supporting dictatorships with economic assistance and military hardware. Particular dictatorships have included Musharraf of Pakistan,[31] the Shah of Iran,[31] Museveni of Uganda,[19] warlords in Somalia,[19] Fulgencio Batista of Cuba, Ferdinand Marcos of the Philippines, Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam, Park Chung-hee of South Korea, Generalissimo Franco of Spain, Melez Zenawi of Ethiopia and Augusto Pinochet in Chile.
Opposition to independent nationalism
The US has been criticized by Noam Chomsky for opposing nationalist movements in foreign countries, including social reform.[32][33]
Interference in internal affairs
The United States was criticized for manipulating the internal affairs of foreign nations, including Guatemala,[31] Chile,[31] Cuba,[13] Colombia,[13] various countries in Africa[19] including Uganda.[19] See also Covert United States foreign regime change actions.
Promotion of democracy
Some critics argue that America's policy of advocating democracy may be ineffective and even counterproductive.[34][35] Bush has been criticized for neglecting democracy and human rights by focusing exclusively on an effort to fight terrorism.[19][19] The US was criticized for alleged prisoner abuse at Guantánamo Bay, Abu Ghraib in Iraq, and secret CIA prisons in eastern Europe, according to Amnesty International.[38] In response, the US government claimed incidents of abuse were isolated incidents which did not reflect U.S. policy.
Excessive militarism
In the 1960s, Martin Luther King Jr. criticized excessive U.S. spending on military projects,[39] and suggested a linkage between its foreign policy abroad and racism at home.[39] In 1971, a Time Magazine essayist wondered why there were 375 major foreign military bases around the world with 3,000 lesser military facilities and concluded "there is no question that the U.S. today has too many troops scattered about in too many places."[1] In a 2010 defense report, Cordesman criticized out-of-control military spending.[40] Expenditures to fight the War on Terror are vast and seem limitless.[41] The Iraq war was expensive and continues to be a severe drain on U.S. finances.[17][17] Bacevich thinks the U.S. has a tendency to resort to military means to try to solve diplomatic problems.[15] The US involvement in the Vietnam War was a costly, decade-long military engagement which ended in defeat, and the mainstream view today is that the entire intervention was a mistake. The dollar cost was $111 billion, or $698 billion in 2009 dollars.[42] Similarly, the second Iraq war was viewed by many as being a mistake, since there were no weapons of mass destruction found, the war ended in December 2011.
Violation of international law
Some critics assert the US doesn't always follow Saddam Hussein for starting aggressive wars—Saddam for his 1990 attack on Kuwait and Bush for his 2003 invasion of Iraq.[45] Critics point out that the United Nations Charter, ratified by the U.S., prohibits members from using force against fellow members except against imminent attack or pursuant to an explicit Security Council authorization.[46] A professor of international law asserted there was no authorization from the UN Security Council which made the invasion "a crime against the peace."[46] However, US defenders argue there was such an authorization according to UN Security Council Resolution 1441. See also, United States War Crimes. The US has also supported Kosovo's independence even though it is strictly written in UN Security Council Resolution 1244 that Kosovo cannot be independent and it is stated as a Serbian province. The US has actively supported and pressured other countries to recognize Kosovo's independence.
Commitment to foreign aid
Some critics charge that U.S. government aid should be higher given the high levels of United States is the top donor in absolute amounts.[53]
- Environmental policy. The U.S. has been criticized for failure to support the 1997 Kyoto Protocol.[4][54]
Historical foreign policy
The U.S. has been criticized for its historical treatment of native Americans. For example, the treatment of Cherokee Indians in the Trail of Tears in which hundreds of Indians died in a forced evacuation from their homes in the southeastern area, along with massacres, displacement of lands, swindles, and breaking treaties. It has been criticized for the war with Mexico in the 1840s which some see as a theft of land. It has been criticised for being the first and only nation to use a nuclear bomb in wartime.
The Holocaust
There has been sharp criticism about the U.S. response to the Holocaust: That it failed to admit Jews fleeing persecution from Europe at the beginning of World War II, and that it did not act decisively enough to prevent or stop the Holocaust. Franklin D. Roosevelt, who was the President at the time, was well-informed about the Hitler regime and its anti-Jewish policies,[55] but the US State Department policies made it very difficult for Jewish refugees to obtain entry visas. Roosevelt similarly took no action on the Wagner-Rogers Bill, which could have saved 20,000 Jewish refugee children, following the arrival of 936 Jewish refugees on the MS St. Louis, who were denied asylum and were not allowed into the United States because of strict laws passed by Congress.[56]
During the era, the American press did not always publicize reports of Nazi atrocities in full or with prominent placement.[57] By 1942, after newspapers began to report details of the Holocaust, articles were extremely short and were buried deep in the newspaper. These reports were either denied or unconfirmed by the United States government. When it did receive irrefutable evidence that the reports were true, (and photographs of mass graves and murder in Birkenau camp in 1943, with victims moving into the gas chambers) U.S. officials suppressed the information and classified it as secret.[58] It is possible lives of European Jews could have been saved.
Alienation of allies
There is evidence that many U.S. allies have been alienated by a unilateral approach. Allies signaled dissatisfaction with U.S. policy in a vote at the U.N.[11] Brzezinski counsels listening to allies and exercising self-restraint.[20]
Ineffective public relations
One report suggests that news source Al-jazeera routinely paints the U.S. as evil throughout the Mideast.[23] Other critics have faulted the U.S. public relations effort.[4][19] As a result of faulty policy and lackluster public relations, the U.S. has a severe image problem in the Mideast, according to Anthony Cordesman.[59] Analyst Jessica Tuchman Mathews writes that it appears to much of the Arab world that the United States went to war in Iraq for oil, regardless of the accuracy of that motive.[17] In a 2007 poll by BBC News asking which countries are seen as having a "negative influence in the world," the survey found that Israel, Iran, United States and North Korea had the most negative influence, while nations such as Canada, Japan and the European Union had the most positive influence.[60] The US has been accused by some U.N. officials of condoning actions by Israel against Palestinians.[11] On the other hand, others have accused the US of being too supportive of the Palestinians.[61][62]
Ineffective prosecution of war
One estimate is that the second Iraq War along with the so-called War on Terror cost $551 billion, or $597 billion in 2009 dollars.[63] Boston University professor Andrew Bacevich has criticized American profligacy[16] and squandering its wealth.[15] There have been historical criticisms of U.S. warmaking capability; in the War of 1812, the U.S. was unable to conquer Canada despite several attempts and having superior resources;[1] the U.S. Capitol was burned and the settlement ending the war did not bring any major concessions from the British.[64]
Problem areas festering
Critics point to a list of countries or regions where continuing foreign policy problems continue to present problems. These areas include South America,[65] including Ecuador,[66] Venezuela,[65] Bolivia, Uruguay, and Brazil. There are difficulties with Central American nations such as Honduras.[67][67][67] Iraq has continuing troubles.[68] Iran, as well, presents problems with nuclear proliferation.[69] Pakistan is unstable,[68] there is active conflict in Afghanistan.[70] The Mideast in general continues to fester,[17] although relations with India are improving.[71] Policy towards Russia remains uncertain.[72] China presents an economic challenge.[17][73] There are difficulties in other regions too. In addition, there are problems not confined to particular regions, but regarding new technologies. Cyberspace is a constantly changing technological area with foreign policy repercussions.[74] Climate change is an unresolved foreign policy issue, particularly depending on whether nations can agree to work together to limit possible future risks.[17]
Ineffective strategy to fight terrorism
Critic Cordesman criticized U.S. strategy to combat terrorism as not having enough emphasis on getting Islamic republics to fight terrorism themselves.[75] Sometimes visitors have been misidentified as "terrorists."[76] Mathews suggests the risk of nuclear terrorism remains unprevented.[17] In 1999 during the Kosovo War, the US supported the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), a that was recognised as a terrorist organisation by the US some years prior. Right before the 1999 bombing of Yugoslavia took place, the US took down the KLA from the list of internationally recognized terrorist organizations in order to justify their aid and help to the KLA.
Historical instances of ineffective policies
Generally during the 19th century, and in early parts of the 20th century, the U.S. pursued a policy of isolationism and generally avoided entanglements with European powers. After World War I, Time Magazine writer John L. Steele thought the U.S. tried to return to an isolationist stance, but that this was unproductive. He wrote: "The anti-internationalist movement reached a peak of influence in the years just before World War II."[1] But Steele questioned whether this policy was effective; regardless, isolationism ended quickly after the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.[1] Analysts have wondered whether the U.S. pursued the correct strategy with Japan before World War II; by denying Japan access to precious raw materials, it is possible that U.S. policy triggered the surprise attack and, as a result, the U.S. had to fight a two-front war in both the Far East as well as Europe during World War II. While it may be the case that the Mideast is a difficult region with no easy solutions to avoiding conflict, since this volatile region is at the junction of three continents; still, many analysts think U.S. policy could have been improved substantially. The U.S. waffled; there was no vision; presidents kept changing policy. Public opinion in different regions of the world thinks that, to some extent, the 9/11 attacks were an outgrowth of substandard U.S. policy towards the region.[77] The Vietnam War was a decade-long mistake.[1] The US supported the secession of Kosovo form FR Yugoslavia in 1999 and continued to support its independence since. Such unilateral policies have broken European and international treaties but have been dismissed as unique by the US. Such unilateral secession support has helped inspire many notable secessionist uprisings in Spain, Belgium, Georgia, Russia, China, among others that have secessionist movements. However, the US has dismissed any similarities between those secessionist movements and Kosovo.
Spying and surveillance
Role of internal government structure
Small role of Congress in foreign policy
Critic Robert McMahon thinks Congress has been excluded from foreign policy decision making, and that this is detrimental.[78] Other writers suggest a need for greater Congressional participation.[17]
Jim Webb, former Democratic senator from Virginia and former Secretary of the Navy in the Reagan administration, believes that Congress has an ever-decreasing role in U.S. foreign policy making. September 11, 2001 precipitated this change, where "powers quickly shifted quickly to the Presidency as the call went up for centralized decision making in a traumatized nation where, quick, decisive action was considered necessary. It was considered politically dangerous and even unpatriotic to question this shift, lest one be accused of impeding national safety during a time of war."[79] Since that time, Webb thinks Congress has become largely irrelevant in shaping and executing of U.S. foreign policy. He cites the Strategic Framework Agreement (SFA), the U.S.-Afghanistan Strategic Partnership Agreement, and the 2011 military intervention in Libya as examples of growing legislative irrelevance. Regarding the SFA, "Congress was not consulted in any meaningful way. Once the document was finalized, Congress was not given the opportunity to debate the merits of the agreement, which was specifically designed to shape the structure of our long-term relations in Iraq" (11). "Congress did not debate or vote on this agreement, which set U.S. policy toward an unstable regime in an unstable region of the world."[79] The Iraqi Parliament, by contrast, voted on the measure twice. The U.S.-Afghanistan Strategic Partnership Agreement is described by the Obama Administration has a "legally binding executive agreement" that outlines the future of U.S.-Afghan relations and designated Afghanistan a major non-NATO ally. "It is difficult to understand how any international agreement negotiated, signed, and authored only by our executive branch of government can be construed as legally binding in our constitutional system," Webb argues.[79] Finally, Webb identifies the U.S. intervention in Libya as a troubling historical precedent. "The issue in play in Libya was not simply whether the president should ask Congress for a declaration of war. Nor was it wholly about whether Obama violated the edicts of the War Powers Act, which in this writer's view he clearly did. The issue that remains to be resolved is whether a president can unilaterally begin, and continue, a military campaign for reasons that he alone defines as meeting the demanding standards of a vital national interest worth of risking American lives and expending billions of dollars of taxpayer money."[79] When the military campaign lasted months, President Barack Obama did not seek approval of Congress to continue military activity.[79]
Presidential incompetency
The presidency of Brzezinski.[20] He stopped the first Iraq War too soon without finishing the task of capturing Saddam Hussein.[81] Foreign policy expert Henry Kissinger criticized Jimmy Carter for numerous foreign policy mistakes including a decision to admit the ailing Shah of Iran into the United States for medical treatment, as well as a bungled military mission to try to rescue the hostages in Teheran.[82] Carter waffled from being "both too tough and too soft at the same time."[82]
Difficulty removing an incompetent president
Since the only way to remove an incompetent president is with the rather difficult policy of Jimmy Carter in his handling of the Iran hostage crisis.
Presidents may lack experience
Since the constitution requires no prior experience in diplomacy, government, or military service, it is possible to elect presidents with scant foreign policy experience. Clearly the record of past presidents confirms this, and that presidents who have had extensive diplomatic, military, and foreign policy experience have been the exception, not the rule. In recent years, presidents had relatively more experience in such tasks as peanut farming, Bush was criticized for inexperience in the Washington Post for being "not versed in international relations and not too much interested."[4]
Lack of control over foreign policy
During the early 19th century, general Andrew Jackson exceeded his authority on numerous times and attacked American Indian tribes as well as invaded the Spanish territory of Florida without official government permission. Jackson was not reprimanded or punished for exceeding his authority. Some accounts blame newspaper journalism called yellow journalism for whipping up virulent pro-war sentiment to help instigate the Spanish-American War. Some critics suggest foreign policy is manipulated by lobbies, such as the pro-Israel lobby[85] or the Arab one, although there is disagreement about the influence of such lobbies.[85] Nevertheless, Brzezinski wants stricter anti-lobbying laws.[20]
In contrast to criticisms that presidential attention is divided into competing tasks, some critics charge that presidents have too much power, and that there is the potential for tyranny or fascism. Some presidents circumvented the national security decision-making process.[4] Critics such as Dana D. Nelson of Vanderbilt in her book Bad for Democracy[86][87] and columnist David Sirota[88][89] and Texas law professor Sanford Levinson[90][91] see a danger in too much executive authority.
Over-burdened presidency
Presidents have not only foreign policy responsibilities, but sizeable domestic duties too. In addition, the presidency is the head of a political party. As a result, it is tough for one person to manage disparate tasks, in one view. Critics suggest Reagan was overburdened, which prevented him from doing a good job of oversight regarding the Iran–Contra affair. Brzezinski suggested in Foreign Affairs that President Barack Obama is similarly overburdened.[92] Some suggest a need for permanent non-partisan advisers.[1]
See also
- 2003 invasion of Iraq
- American exceptionalism
- American Interventions in the Middle East
- American Empire
- Assassination attempts on Fidel Castro
- Bush Doctrine
- Carter Doctrine
- China Containment Policy
- Containment
- Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak (United States)
- Covert U.S. regime change actions
- Détente
- Dollar hegemony
- Foreign Military Sales
- Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration
- Foreign policy of the United States
- Human rights in the United States
- Human Rights Record of the United States
- Inverted totalitarianism
- Monroe Doctrine
- Nixon Doctrine
- Powell Doctrine
- President of the United States
- Reagan Doctrine
- Roosevelt Corollary
- Truman Doctrine
- United States and state terrorism
- United States and the United Nations
- United States Agency for International Development
- United States, Chanceries of Foreign Governments
- United States Foreign Military Financing
- United States military aid
- Zbigniew Brzezinski
Further reading
- Bacevich, Andrew J. The Limits of Power: The End of American Exceptionalism. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2008.
- Blum, William. America's Deadliest Export: Democracy : the Truth About US Foreign Policy and Everything Else. Halifax, N.S.: Fernwood Pub, 2013.
- Chomsky, Noam, and David Barsamian. Imperial Ambitions: Conversations on the Post-9/11 World. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2005.
- Cramer, Jane K., and A. Trevor Thrall. Why Did the United States Invade Iraq? Hoboken: Taylor & Francis, 2011.
- Davidson, Lawrence. Foreign Policy, Inc.: Privatizing America's National Interest. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2009.
- Eland, Ivan. The Empire Has No Clothes: U.S. Foreign Policy Exposed. Oakland, Calif: Independent Institute, 2004. ISBN 0-945999-98-4
- Foner, Philip Sheldon. The Spanish-Cuban-American War and the Birth of American Imperialism, 1895-1902. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1972.
- Gould, Carol. Don't Tread on Me: Anti-Americanism Abroad. New York: Encounter Books, 2009.
- Immerman, Richard H. Empire for Liberty: A History of American Imperialism from Benjamin Franklin to Paul Wolfowitz. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010.
- Marsden, Lee. For God's Sake: The Christian Right and US Foreign Policy. London: Zed Books, 2008.
- Maier, Charles S. Among Empires: American Ascendancy and Its Predecessors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006.
- Mearsheimer, John J., and Stephen M. Walt. The Israel Lobby and US Foreign Policy. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007.
- Zinn, Howard. A People's History of the United States: 1492-Present. New York: Harper Collins, 2003.
- ^ a b c d e f g h John L. Steele (May 31, 1971). "Time Essay: HOW REAL IS NEO-ISOLATIONISM?". Time Magazine. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
- ^ Glenn Kessler (June 8, 2007). "A Foreign Policy, In Two Words". Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
- ^ Chomsky, Noam. Failed States: The Abuse of Power and the Assault on Democracy. New York: Metropolitan Books/Henry Holt, 2006.
- ^ a b c d e f Dana Milbank (October 20, 2005). "Colonel Finally Saw Whites of Their Eyes". Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
- ^ Andrew J. Bacevich, American Empire: The Realities and Consequences of U.S. Diplomacy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002.
- ^ Nexon, Daniel and Wright, Thomas. What's at Stake in the American Empire Debate. American Political Science Review, Vol. 101, No. 2 (May 2007), p. 266-267
- ^ Andrew J. Bacevich. (Ed.) The Imperial Tense: Prospects and Problems of American Empire. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2003.
- ^ a b Eakin, Emily (March 31, 2002). "Ideas & Trends; All Roads Lead To D.C.". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
- ^ Ignatieff, Michael (January 5, 2003). "The American Empire; The Burden". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
- ^ a b Fareed Zakaria (March 14, 2009). "Why Washington Worries–Obama has made striking moves to fix U.S. foreign policy—and that has set off a chorus of criticism.". Newsweek. Retrieved 2009-12-18.
- ^ a b c d Tony Karon, Stewart Stogel (May 4, 2001). "U.N. Defeat Was a Message from Washington's Allies". Time Magazine. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
- ^ Andrew J. Bacevich (May 27, 2007). "I Lost My Son to a War I Oppose. We Were Both Doing Our Duty.". Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
- ^ a b c d e f DeWayne Wickham (January 16, 2007). "Dollars, not just democracy, often drive U.S. foreign policy". USA Today. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
- ^ Butler, Smedley D. War Is a Racket: The Antiwar Classic by America's Most Decorated General, Two Other Anti-Interventionist Tracts, and Photographs from The Horror of It. Los Angeles, Calif: Feral House, 2003.
- ^ a b c Alex Kingsbury (August 19, 2008). "How America Is Squandering Its Wealth and Power: Andrew Bacevich, a military veteran and scholar, blames the Bush administration and the American people.". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
- ^ a b c d Amy Chua (October 22, 2009). "Where Is U.S. Foreign Policy Headed?". The New York Times: Sunday Book Review. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Jessica Tuchman Mathews (October 10, 2007). "Six Years Later: Assessing Long-Term Threats, Risks and the U.S. Strategy for Security in a Post-9/11 World". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
- ^ Biddle, Stephen D. American Grand Strategy After 9/11: An Assessment. Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 2005.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Stephanie McCrummen (February 22, 2008). "U.S. Policy in Africa Faulted on Priorities: Security Is Stressed Over Democracy". Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
- ^ a b c d e f g h James M. Lindsay (book reviewer) (March 25, 2007). "The Superpower Blues: Zbigniew Brzezinski says we have one last shot at getting the post-9/11 world right. book review of "Second Chance" by Zbigniew Brzezinski". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
- ^ Bartlett, Bruce R. Impostor: How George W. Bush Bankrupted America and Betrayed the Reagan Legacy. New York: Doubleday, 2006.
- ^ Londono, Ernesto (August 29, 2013). "U.S. military officers have deep doubts about impact, wisdom of a U.S. strike on Syria". Washington Post. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
- ^ a b Scott MacLeod (October 29, 2006). "Tearing Down The Walls". Time Magazine. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
- ^ Shaking Hands with Saddam Hussein: The U.S. Tilts toward Iraq, 1980-1984. National Security Archive, Electronic Briefing Book No. 82. Ed. by Joyce Battle, February 25, 2003.
- ^ "Canada attacks U.S. on wood tariffs".
- ^ Satter, Raphael (2007-05-24). "Report hits U.S. on human rights".
- ^ "World Report 2002: United States".
- ^ "U.S. keeps Venezuela, Bolivia atop narcotics list". Reuters. September 16, 2009. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
- ^ Bootie Cosgrove-Mather (February 1, 2005). "Democracy And Reality". CBS News. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
- ^ Who Is the World's Worst Dictator?
- ^ a b c d Matthew Yglesias (2008-05-28). "Are Kissinger's Critics Anti-Semitic?". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
- ^
- ^ "Noam Chomsky on America's Foreign Policy". PBS. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
- ^ a b Paul Magnusson (book reviewer) (2002-12-30). "Is Democracy Dangerous? Book review of: WORLD ON FIRE–How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability; By Amy Chua". Business Week. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
- ^ EMILY EAKIN (January 31, 2004). "On the Dark Side Of Democracy". The New York Times: Books. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
- ^ a b c d e Roger Cohen (April 5, 2006). "Freedom May Rock Boat, but It Can't Be Selective". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
- ^ Fourteen Points Speech
- ^ "Report 2005 USA Summary". Amnesty International. 2005. Retrieved 2009-12-24.
- ^ a b Patrick W. Gavin (January 16, 2004). "The Martin Luther King Jr. America has ignored". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
- ^ Anthony H. Cordesman, Erin K. Fitzgerald (September 8, 2009). "The 2010 Quadrennial Defense Review". CSIS: Center for Strategic and International Studies. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
- ^ Anthony H. Cordesman (August 9, 2007). "The Uncertain Cost of the Global War on Terror". CSIS: Center for Strategic and International Studies. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
- ^ "Vietnam War". CNBC. 2009-12-27. Retrieved 2009-12-27.
- ^ Stuart Taylor Jr. and Evan Thomas (April 18, 2009). "http://www.newsweek.com/id/194651". Newsweek. Retrieved 2009-12-27.
- ^ Principles of International Law Recognized in the Charter of the Nürnberg Tribunal and in the Judgment of the Tribunal, 1950. on the website of the United Nations
- ^ "US and Foreign Aid Assistance". Global Issues. 2009. Retrieved 2009-12-24.
- ^ "US and Foreign Aid Assistance". Global Issues. 2009. Retrieved 2009-12-24.
- ^ "UN Millennium Project–Fast Facts". UNDP. 2005. Retrieved 2009-12-24.
- ^ "UN Millennium Project–Fast Facts". OECD. 2007. Retrieved 2009-12-24.
- ^ "Papers". ssrn. 2007. Retrieved 2009-12-24.
- ^ "U.S. and Foreign Aid Assistance". Global Issues. 2007. Retrieved 2009-12-24.
- ^ "Foreign aid". America.gov. 2007-05-24. Retrieved 2009-12-24.
- ^ "Bush + Blair = Buddies". CBS News. July 19, 2001. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
- ^ Joseph J. Plaud, Ph.D., BCBA. "Historical Perspectives on Franklin D. Roosevelt, American Foreign Policy, and the Holocaust". Franklin D. Roosevelt American Heritage Center and Museum. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
- ^ "THE UNITED STATES AND THE HOLOCAUST". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
- ^ "The Holocaust: World Response".
- ^ Anthony H. Cordesman (September 25, 2006). "Winning the War on Terrorism: The Need for a Fundamentally Different Strategy (see pdf file p.3)". CSIS: Center for Strategic and International Studies. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
- ^ Nick Childs (2007-03-06). "'"Israel, Iran top 'negative list. BBC News. Retrieved 2009-12-26.
- ^ "Palestinians accost US delegation in West Bank". The Guardian. 4 October 2011. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
- ^ "U.S. Foreign Aid to the Palestinians". Federation of American Scientists. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
- ^ "Gulf War II / War on Terror". CNBC. 2009-12-27. Retrieved 2009-12-27.
- ^ "Books: Mr. Madison's War". Time Magazine. November 3, 1961. Retrieved 2009-12-27.
- ^ a b Deborah Charles, Anthony Boadle (2009-12-21). "Clinton: U.S. worried by Venezuelan arms purchases". Reuters. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
- ^ Alonso Soto (April 5, 2008). "Ecuador says CIA controls part of its intelligence". Reuters. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
- ^ a b c Andres Oppenheimer (2009-12-06). "Latin America's honeymoon with Obama may be over". Miami Herald. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
- ^ a b David S. Broder (August 25, 2008). "A Candidate At Home In Scranton". Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
- ^ Anthony H. Cordesman, Adam Seitz (Jan 22, 2009). "Iranian Weapons of Mass Destruction". CSIS: Center for Strategic and International Studies. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
- ^ Gilles Dorronsoro (2009-11-01). "Fixing a Failed Strategy in Afghanistan". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
- ^ Ashley J. Tellis (November 2009). "Manmohan Singh Visits Washington: Sustaining U.S.–Indian Cooperation Amid Differences". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
- ^ James Collins (March 12, 2009). "Opportunities for the U.S.-Russia Relationship". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
- ^ Albert Keidel (October 16, 2008). "China and the Global Financial Crisis". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
- ^ Christopher Boucek (December 16, 2009). "Understanding Cyberspace as a Medium for Radicalization and Counter-Radicalization". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
- ^ Anthony H. Cordesman (September 25, 2006). "Winning the War on Terrorism: The Need for a Fundamentally Different Strategy". CSIS: Center for Strategic and International Studies. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
- ^ Scott Baldauf (November 16, 2007). "'"South African fights denial of U.S. visa–Adam Habib, a scholar and Iraq war critic, was denied a visa to the US for 'links to terrorism.. Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2009-12-18.
- ^ Joel Roberts (September 4, 2002). "Europe Polled On Why 9/11 Happened". CBS News. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
- ^ Robert McMahon, Council on Foreign Relations (December 24, 2007). "The Impact of the 110th Congress on U.S. Foreign Policy". Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
- ^ a b c d e Webb, Jim (March–April 2013). "Congressional Abdication". The National Interest (124). Retrieved 11 March 2013.
- ^ Raphael G. Satter, Associated Press (2008-09-15). "Report: John Le Carre says he nearly defected to Russia". USA Today. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
- ^ James M. Lindsay (book reviewer) (March 25, 2007). "The Superpower Blues: Zbigniew Brzezinski says we have one last shot at getting the post-9/11 world right. book review of "Second Chance" by Zbigniew Brzezinski". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
- ^ a b "Nation: Kissinger: What Next for the U.S.?". Time Magazine. May 12, 1980. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
- ^ Sanford Levinson (September 17, 2008). "Constitution Day Essay 2008: Professor Sanford Levinson examines the dictatorial power of the Presidency". University of Texas School of Law.
- ^ Sanford Levinson (LA Times article available on website) (October 16, 2006). "Our Broken Constitution". University of Texas School of Law -- News & Events. Retrieved 2009-10-10.
- ^ a b Patricia Cohen (August 16, 2007). "Backlash Over Book on Policy for Israel". The New York Times: Books. Retrieved 2009-12-18.
- ^ Nelson, Dana D. (2008). Bad for Democracy: How the Presidency Undermines the Power of the People. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press. p. 248.
- ^ Sirota, David (August 22, 2008). "The Conquest of Presidentialism". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
- ^ David Sirota (August 22, 2008). "Why cult of presidency is bad for democracy". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
- ^ David Sirota (January 18, 2009). "U.S. moving toward czarism, away from democracy". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2009-09-21.
- ^ Sanford Levinson (February 5, 2009). Wartime Presidents and the Constitution: From Lincoln to Obama" -- speech by Sanford Levinson at Wayne Morse Center""". Wayne Morse Center for Law and Politics. Retrieved 2009-10-10.
- ^ Anand Giridharadas (September 25, 2009). "Edging Out Congress and the Public". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-10-10.
- ^ Zbigniew Brzezinski (2001-10-20). "From Hope to Audacity: Appraising Obama's Foreign Policy (I)". Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2010-01-11.
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Free Download Woocommerce Stripe ACH Gateway v1.0.7 Nulled
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subset: commoncrawl


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We pumpkinized our front step. I like that Cart'er's my excuse to buy whatever holiday items I want. This is just my meager start to the holiday season; our new house is going to be dripping with scarecrows, hay bails, Christmas lights, bows and wreaths this year.
I'll leave you with some of my Friday finds from this week.
Wishing I had the money for this adorbs dress. And this one, too.
The best wedding video I've ever seen.
A cute idea.
I got my first dinner compliment from Matt in years when I made this the other day.


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Jean Marc is lucky to have 3 nice cameras, all starting with Ricoh GR, here's some of his shots from Rio and HK made with all 3 cameras.
Hi, my name is Jean Marc Ferriere and I'm a 51 year old french cinematographer based in Brazil.
In September 2014 , I went to South Korea to attend the Busan Film Festival where the indian feature film "Sunrise" I had worked on was having its World Premiere:
By the beginning of October, I visited friends in Hong Kong and the Umbrela Movement was still going strong. It was the perfect moment to walk thru the occupied avenues and shoot the Ricoh GR1V and the Ricoh GR cameras. Since HK is filled with fantastic camera shops, I luckily managed to treat myself a rare and mythical Ricoh GR21 analog camera.
Along with the digi GR, back at home in Rio de Janeiro, I had been using the GR1V and its 28mm f2.8 with color and BW films for over a year and was quite excited to try the Provia 100 and the Ilford 3200 again.
The GR21 and GR1V share the same 30.5 mm filter thread (with the help of an adapter) and I use either NDs or color filters to shoot high ISO in daytime.
One can walk around all day with these 3 utterly discreet, silent , really unobstrusive cameras. It's liberating to go along carrying within a small bag a pocketable APSC digital camera and 2 tiny film bodies which actually can deliver to notch quality material !
I had a great experience and hope you'll enjoy the photos ! Cheers!
About the author
[userpro template=card user=jmarcferriere]


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Hi There! Is this Your First Time?
Did you know if you Register you have access to free search tools including the ability to save listings and property searches? Did you know that you can bypass the search altogether and have listings sent directly to your email address? Check out our how-to page for more info.
- Price$1,399,000
- SQ. Feet15,200
- Acres1.18
- Built1977
2510 E Irwin Street, Pierre
Great location! With over 15,200 sq ft. building and 1.18 acre of land, this building has commercial potential for a variety of businesses. Currently 3,800 sq ft leased and transferable. Right off Hwy 14 Truck By Pass, Large parking surface - 6,370 sq. ft. Large office space offers many opportunities for development.
Essential Information
- Price$1,399,000
- Bathrooms0.00
- Half Baths10
- Square Footage15,200
- Acres1.18
- Year Built1977
- TypeCommercial
- StatusActive
- HeatingHVAC
- CoolingCentral Air, HVAC Cool
- # of Stories1
Listing Details
- Listing OfficeLee Real Estate
Community Information
- Address2510 E Irwin Street
- CityPierre
- StateSD
- Zip Code57501
- Lot Description174x280
All information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed. The listings on this site are displayed courtesy of the IDX program of Pierre Area MLS and may not be the listings of the site owner.


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Usage: Pasadena, MD
Pasadena, MD residents tend to use more energy throughout the year that the state and national average. Maryland's state average is only slightly higher than the national average but Pasadena residents use considerably more energy. Pasadena experiences all 4 season and have been known to have harsh winters and very warm summers. This can lead to higher energy usage to keep their homes warm in the winter and cool in the summer. You can see in the graph below that energy usage spikes in Pasadena during the winter and summer months. For more information and to compare Pasadena's energy usage to the rest of Maryland, see the graph below.
Featured VideoAt Compare Electricity, we are dedicated to bringing you all the latest videos to keep you informed about Maryland's energy sources, energy production, electricity rates and more. Here is the latest video on Maryland's Energy Consumption. Maryland's residents are some of the most energy efficient in the country. Almost all the energy consumed in MD comes from other states. For more information on energy usage in Maryland, check out our latest video below.
Looking for a specific city in Maryland? Check out our featured cities below for more specific energy usage information.
Compare Electricity is dedicated to keeping you current and up to date with industry leading research. View all the latest news, articles and videos for your location below:


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Welcome to the official website for Big Red Scorebooks. Since 1973, we have produced
the finest quality scorebooks for baseball and softball, basketball, volleyball,
football and more. Our products are well designed, durable and user friendly.
We specialize in custom, personalized covers. Create a timeless memory with a picture of your sports champion on the book cover. All season long, keep track of your child or grandchild's game stats, then present it to them at the end of the season.
Coaches love our scorebooks! The simple design allows ample space for notations. We stay current on all of the latest rule changes and offer helpful accessories to accompany your scorebook.
Whatever your scoring needs, from lacrosse to soccer, track and field to tennis, you'll find it at Big Red.


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Mage Ice Block Macro
Last night I was failtanking for the Lizard who was learning to heal on his off spec. Well I wasn't really failing, and he did quite well remarking halfway to the first boss in Grim Batol regular "I'm bored" seconds before the PUG hunter pulled a second group, and we had no CC in play. But in the world of alts/offspecs we had Rhii coaching the shammy while being coached on her mage. At some point she apologized for Ice Blocking and not being able to cancel it to help clear a non-elite trogg pack. I mentioned a macro I use that makes it one button that you press to iceblock and when you press it again it will get you out.
#showtooltip Ice Block
/cancelaura Ice Block
/cast Ice Block
Just to walk through the steps of how this macro works. Line one is simply so your hotbar icon looks like ice block instead of something custom. Line two makes you stop whatever you are currently doing since ice blocking is the most important thing you need to be doing. Line three is clearing your ice block. Line 4 casts your ice block.
By using this you can use ice block quickly to clear ick, protect yourself etc etc, but not have to mess with buff bars to cancel ice block or wait the full duration of the ice block.


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Free delivery on orders over €80 See Our Covid Precautions in footer
Emily and Fin Federica Navy Floral Ruffle Sleeve Summer Dress
We have run out of stock for this item.
Summer is no fun without a party to go to and the feminine Federica Dress is sure to make a statement with its navy floral print and flirty ruffle detailing. Get ready for a fiesta with delicately frilled short sleeves and a swishy knee-length skirt that's just waiting to be twirled, swirled and danced in until you drop.
- Features pockets
- Length 105cm
- Made from 100% viscose
- Bodice lined in 100% viscose
- Scarlet is 5'10" / 178cm and wears a UK 10
- Dry clean only


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LOS ANGELES -- Actress and singer Edie Adams, the blonde beauty who won a Tony Award for bringing Daisy Mae to life on Broadway and who played the television foil to her husband, comedian Ernie Kovacs, has died. She was 81.
Adams died Wednesday in a Los Angeles hospital from pneumonia and cancer, publicist Henri Bollinger said.
A graduate of Juilliard School of Music, Adams hoped to become an opera singer but instead went on to gain fame for her sketches with Kovacs and her...
Celebrity Deaths by Category
Celebrity Search
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Years in Review
A look back at those who passed.


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Trinity Hall, Cambridge, UK
Issue 80 August / September 2014 : Retail : University
Lighting Design: HOARE LEA LIGHTING
The historic Dining Hall at Cambridge University's Trinity Hall college serves as both student refectory and backdrop for grand special events. A new scheme by Hoare Lea Lighting faithfully renders the rich historical setting and fine food on offer.
Founded in 1350, Trinity Hall is one of the oldest Colleges of Cambridge University. The college's many historic building include the Dining Hall, a 14th century structure arranged in the traditional medieval hall style, with a High Table on the dais at the far end of the room, where the Master and Fellows still sit for functions today.
With stained glass crests, gold-leaf coated friezes and pillars and historical portraits depicting past Masters, Deans and distinguished members of the College, the Dining Hall is a perfect setting for a meal for up to 150 guests and is used by the College on a daily basis, serving as a cafeteria as well as providing a setting for twice-weekly 'Formal Hall' dining, and for events, such as conferences and wedding ceremonies.
To further the sense of occasion for these events, the college brought in Hoare Lea Lighting to design and implement a suitable lighting scheme for the space.
The brief from the College was to restore the Hall, remaining faithful to the original architecture and finishes, while creating a contemporary lighting layout, suitable for various functions.
Planning and implementation
As the starting point to the design process, Hoare Lea Lighting invested a great deal of effort into understanding the architectural features of the space, while also creating the desired visual impression and the ability to accommodate a number of functions. Lighting designer Juan Ferrari explains: "Working on listed buildings is always a challenge, as of course, you must be mindful of the architectural heritage of the space, enhancing it at night and complementing it during daytime hours. At each step, you must consider the implications of introducing new light fittings, working to the current needs of the space, but always bearing in mind the function for which it was originally designed."
Hoare Lea Lighting considered every treatment individually, as if each was an adjective to the architectural narrative. This narrative and the movement of lighting design is difficult to communicate and Hoare Lea used a variety of tools, such as lighting renders, integration details and mock-ups to discuss the brief and translate concepts into images and words.
"We looked at all the lighting opportunities the space had to offer, and then showed each treatment to the client individually, in conjunction with other treatments, and in relation to the function required of the Hall," says Ferrari.
The approved scheme was based on the concept of a highly controlled ambient/task lighting backdrop, which allowed Hoare Lea Lighting to have a 'dark canvas' on which to highlight architectural elements individually, and with the lowest levels of power consumption possible.
For this purpose, an arrangement of six LED track-mounted adjustable downlights – the Flos Solid Pure Spot - were positioned at high-level (on the apex of the trusses) to provide general illumination. This provides flexibility and control, allowing the fittings to be focused only onto the tables or the floor, without spilling light on walls or paintings. Due to the use of the space as a dining hall, it was important that the colour rendering of these LED fixtures was more than CRI 90, in order to do justice to the food served.
Once the task/ambient light was resolved, work started on the volume and feature lighting. The architecture seemed designed to accommodate artificial lighting treatments, allowing fittings to be concealed and preventing the appearance of jarring elements. The mouldings dividing the architectural line between the low- and high-level windows and balcony helped contain a Flos LED Squad profile that uplights the walls at high level. The timber structure at the ceiling perimeter acts as containment for the Squad LED profile, which grazes the vaulted ceiling.
All feature elements and artwork are independently illuminated. Paintings have a dedicated LED system, tailored to the dimensions of each artwork. The distribution and angle at which the light hits the canvas was carefully designed by Hoare Lea Lighting, alongside TM Lighting (manufacturer and artwork lighting specialist) and a high, full-colour spectrum 95+ CRI LED was used to achieve the correct quality of light, emphasising the true colour of the artworks on display. Picture lights also bring vertical brightness to the space at a human scale.
The fireplace and reredos are illuminated by projectors attached to the track system at high-level, with fittings visually matching the downlights used for general lighting. The columns, either side of the main portrait of Sir Nathanael Lloyd - Master of Trinity Hall from 1710-1735, whose generosity was fundamental in improving the fabric of the College, including the extending of the Hall to its current size - are highlighted by mini-projectors, attached seamlessly to the Flos Squad LED system. Other details, such as the window alcoves and balcony window reveals, are uplighted by a continuous linear fluorescent system, carefully embedded into the windowsills.
At review stages, it was imperative to narrow the performance specification of products to be able to cost it, while ensuring that the visual impression of each treatment met the aspiration. A great deal of effort was made to ensure the quality and quantity of fittings needed fell within budget.
Ferrari explains: "Defending the designer specification and avoiding a flawed value engineering process is key to the success of any project. At Trinity Hall, our efforts on this front were supported by both the client and the manufacturers and suppliers of the fittings we specified."
Once concept and costs were approved, the design was detailed and every treatment mocked up, before moving to the installation. Trinity Hall had an in-house project manager, who was extremely thorough, carefully overseeing the incorporation of the wiring and controls necessary for the contemporary light installation, making them disappear, seemingly effortlessly, into the architecture.
Last, but by no means least, commissioning was undertaken using a Hoare Lea Lighting CGI product, the LightSIM. This allowed Hoare Lea to create a virtual reproduction of the space, which in the case of the Trinity Hall Dining Hall, included a control breakdown, to enable the client to manipulate scenes remotely. Once the function scenes were selected by the client, these were programmed on site.
Energy Efficiency
Energy use was a central consideration throughout the design process. The performance of all specified fittings is more than 85 lumens per circuit watt. This gives a total load of 5W/m2 for ambient lighting, and a total of 2415W to run all feature lighting at full output.
The energy used to light all sixteen paintings is 90.8W, giving an average of 5.6W for each artwork. All fittings are linked to a MODE architectural control lighting system. This manages the different scene settings programmed, making the best use of the lighting and avoiding unnecessary energy use.
"It is fascinating to bring a listed building back to life by tailoring the latest technology," says Ferrari. "But to have that new technology available as a tool at the service of the designer is a unique experience."
As Glen Sharp, Junior Bursar at Trinity Hall, notes, the entire process from planning through to the completed scheme proved very successful. "We knew how we wanted the space to appear, but articulating this vision was challenging," he says. "Hoare Lea Lighting's 3D capability was very important: by modelling the space and showing us what it would look like, they provided vital reassurance to the team.
"This type of project is revisited only every 25 years or so, therefore getting it right is crucial. Hoare Lea Lighting's attention to detail and the sensitivity shown to this beautiful graded building has resulted in a glorious space, which is both easy to control and easy to use. Everyone loves it!"


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So it's Christmas.
For most of my life, I hated this time of year. I know I'm not alone either. If you have any "thing" at all, this time of year, this season of "festive family fun" is a tablespoon of lemon juice on whatever open abrasion is on your heart. If you're like I was, it begins somewhere after Halloween and by the time you get to Christmas Eve, you're an anxiety-ridden depressive, clinging to your sanity like a cat to a screen door. And who would blame you?
When I was 21, it was a particularly rough Christmas season. One night that year, in my friend's car, after she peeled me off the emotional ceiling, she handed me a tiny little ring, one made for infants. Inside, in even tinier script, it read "Emmanuel."
God with us.
That ring. That idea. That notion that Someone from the great Out There was intimately concerned with where I found myself, it was not a new idea to me. I heard it growing up in the fundamentalist church. I heard it at the Evangelical college.
But it meant nothing to me, in that context of grief and despair, until right that minute. It found me. There. In the front seat of her Chevy Lumina, somewhere around two in the morning.
That night began my journey to Orthodoxy, I know that now. That night, that ring, that idea, cast a thin thread of light into a very dark place.
God, my God, the Triune Creator of the Universe, the One who Is and Is to come, that One, is not distant. He is the One who seeks out. He searches until He finds us wherever we may be, in the sharp and jagged rubble piles of our lives, trapped by our own guilt, or the shame others have put on us, frozen by pain and anger and grief. In the Nativity, we have this idea, this promise kept. "I am coming to get you out."
He uses us to do it. It's really the most efficient way. We're here. Now.
Even if you are not a person who believes in the God whom I worship, even if you believe in no God at all, you have to admit: there's something about this time of year, this promise of something connecting us to each other, to something in the beyond pulling us up and pulling us in. It's the kind gestures, the love of friends, the warmth of an embrace of one who comes alongside. It's wine at the table and kind words between family.
It's grace.
In Orthodoxy, we recognize that as the energy of God. We cannot know Him in His essence, but we can know Him by what He does, for us and in us. And since we are in His image, we can do that thing too. We can reach out to others, connecting them to that thing beyond themselves. We can love, and hug, and cry with, and slip little gold rings, like life preservers, on fingers that say "you are not in this alone."
It's been nearly 20 years since that night. Twenty years makes just about all the difference. I'm not stupid, though. I know that, as a human being full of frailties and vulnerable to my core, it would take very little to put me in another bad spot.
But I know that if I am ever lost and trapped again, the God Who Keeps His Word will be Emmanuel.
With me.
With us.


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Jackson Stripe Rug
September 29, 2008
The Jackson Stripe Rug from Crate and Barrel has hand-tufted stripes take their color from the other side of the rainbow, graduating from muted to bright and back again. Wool is blended with durable modacrylic for the look and luster of New Zealand wool, without the shedding.
July 2, 2008
The Ample Sample contest was conceived as a way to promote creative re-use of the many thousands of carpet tile samples shipped to architects and designers. The instructions for the winning designs are available for free to others. The 2008 contest recently concluded and one of the People's Choice winners was Evan Gant's Green Screen
GreenScreen uses a standard carpet sample size (13.5 x 18), requires simple tools and very little work to assemble, perfect for an easy DIY project. GreenScreen can redefine any space, and is ideal for separating work and living areas in a home. Carpet samples work especially well for this task since they provide sound dampening qualities and an interesting visual presence. GreenScreen can be constructed to fit in a wide variety of spaces and can make good use of 150+ carpet samples


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Black Angus
Erdenheim is home to about 60 head of Black Angus cattle. With over 350 acres of grassland to graze upon, our cows play an important role in fertilizing and restoring pasture. All beef that we have for sale is from cows pastured in our fields and born and raised here on the farm. The herd is constantly growing in numbers so on any given day you may see a new born calf taking its first steps in the sun.
Belted Galloway
Originally from the region of Galloway, Scotland, these cows are a rare breed. You can identify Belted Galloway by the distinctive white band that wraps around their bellies. The Belties, as we like to call them, are listed under the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy. We here at the farm are grateful to be a part of the conservation effort.
In Scotland, Highland Cattle are spread throughout the mountainous territories, called "The Highlands." They have a long curved horns and a thick wavy coat in order to protect from the cold climates of their native land. Because of this, their meat is often leaner than that of other cattle as they are able to thrive without producing as much subcutaneous fat for warmth as other breeds.
We have about 350 chickens here at Erdenheim Farm. These are all egg laying hens that enjoy spacious coops with outdoor access. Our chickens are fed an organic, soy-free feed that is made in Vermont. We also augment their feed with meal worms that we are raising here on the farm specifically to give the chickens a sustainable and organic source of protein.
Our eggs are laid, hand collected, washed, crated and sold all here on the farm with zero fossil fuels used for transportation. All of these are important factors that distinguish our eggs from any you may find at a store. We have several breeds of chickens: Plymouth Rocks that lay brown eggs, White Leghorns that lay white eggs, Rhode Island Reds that lay brown eggs, and Ameraucanas that lay beautiful blue/green colored eggs. These colored eggs have nothing to do with feed, only with breed.
We raise two breeds of sheep here at Erdenheim Farm. Our larger flock are Cheviots. These are sheep from the border area between England and Scotland. They are a dual purpose breed with medium quality wool and good meat. These are the all white sheep that you see on our pastures around the Sheep Barn.
We also raise a South African breed of sheep called Dorper. These black headed sheep are a cross between the Dorset and Persian breeds. They are a meat breed and are also remarkably friendly compared to the typically shy and nervous Cheviot.
The family of Sicilian donkeys that live on the farm play an important role as guardians of our sheep. Donkeys are often used for their territorial instincts to protect flocks against predators such as coyotes. Ours have done a fine job and we give them a good scratch (and some carrots) every now and then to show our thanks.
Erdenheim Farm is proud to announce that we have partnered with the Philadelphia Zoo to help preserve the rarest breed of goat on Earth. The Arapawa goat has an incredible story: hundreds of years ago this was a meat and diary breed in the UK. Later on a small number were left on a New Zealand Island (Arapawa) by colonial explorers who thought they would return and have a source of food waiting. They never returned, and hundreds of years passed during which the breed was lost everywhere except on that island where they thrived. Today there are about 300 of these beautiful goats left in the world thanks to a conservation effort that removed some of the goats from the island which New Zealand is trying to restore to its native flora and fauna. Erdenheim Farm is now home to two Arapawa goats which will be the start of a herd we will raise here to contribute to the preservation of this fascinating and special animal.


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"Why are you getting dating ads from Facebook? Do you visit dating sites?" This is just the sort of questioning you do not want to get from your partner. So, why is Facebook showing you these ads? And how can you make them stop?
We all know that Facebook needs to make money somewhere, and therefore advertising will most likely be around for ever. But that doesn't stop us from wanting to opt-out of adverts or at least make them more useful for us.
How Can I Control The Facebook Ads I See?
Sadly, there is no one-stop answer to this question. There are a number of things you can do to make the adverts you see more appropriate, but in the end it depends on who the advertisers want to advertise to. If you fit the bill, you will see the advert.
The best way to make the Facebook adverts you see more relevant to you is to fill out as much detail as possible in your Timeline's About section and by adding Life Events. By doing this, you will not only fit the criteria for more advertising campaigns, but you will exclude yourself from irrelevant campaigns (if they have filtered their campaign audience well).
Because the information in your Timeline is often best kept private, you will want to ensure you have set your privacy settings correctly. Be sure to filter information according to what your friends should know about you, too. Just as you might not want your boss seeing photos of you with your friends, not all of your friends need to know your relationship status, employment situation and the like.
Think Like An Advertiser
When advertisers place adverts on Facebook they have a process they go through to choose their audience. As Facebook is happy for anyone to pay them money, anyone with a Page or an app can actually go through the advert process at any time and see how advertisers choose their audience.
These screenshots above show the process of choosing an advertising audience for a campaign. You'll see that the audience can be filtered to show:
- Location (Country/City)
- Gender
- Age
- Specific interests
- Broad Categories, such as: Family status, mobile phone type, movie genres, music genres, sports, travel destinations, big life events, general activities, etc.
If you're in the US, the data collected on you is even more specific. Through cookie-tracking and data-matching, marketers are building a profile on you through what you actually purchase. It is possible to opt-out of Facebook's tracking.
How Does Facebook Know All This About Me?
This information about you is collected from your Timeline's About section, life events, relationship status, family connections, interests, hashtag usage, check-ins, etc. The more Facebook sees from you, the better they can categorize you for the advertisers. And if you fit an advertising campaign perfectly, they will show you that campaign rather than a more broad-reaching campaign. In essence, the advertising you see will be more tailored for you.
It's actually fascinating to see the advertising change when you add certain life events. Females who have just become engaged see a startling amount of wedding-related adverts and the beginnings of the baby-related adverts. Newlyweds can naturally expect a barrage of baby-related advertising.
Make Sure Your Image Isn't Used In Advertising
On a related note, if you are keen to make sure your image isn't shown in Facebook adverts to your friends, change your privacy settings in the adverts section. Click on "Edit" and choose "No-one".
Does Anyone Even Click Ads?
No-one expects that you'll even click these adverts as Facebook advertising works with demand-generation in mind. The clicks aren't as important as getting the advertising to your eyeballs. That is to say that later, when you need to buy something, you'll recall product xyz as you walk the store aisles.
How Do I Get Rid Of Facebook Advertising Altogether?
If you've read all this and decided it would be better to just block Facebook Advertising, Adblock is a great tool to do the job.
I Could Just Lie To Facebook
You could just lie to Facebook. You could create a read-only Facebook account and enter whatever data you like. However, if you lie about the important stuff, like name, age and gender, you can probably expect Facebook to shut your account one day. And if you lie about the rest of the data, what exactly does that achieve?
What do you do to control the advertising you see on Facebook? Let us know your tips!


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Rock Your School House
Revolutionary? Life-changing and career-defining? Laughed coffee out of her nose? A little gross, but it sounds like she had a good time. (Our apologies to the school custodian.)
As we make our way across the country presenting our Teach Like A Rock Star event to educators, the question most often asked is . . .
"Do you ever go to individual schools,
districts, or teacher conferences?"
Of course, the answer is always, "Yep! Absolutely, we sure do." In fact, we do that a lot. And, we can customize a keynote, half-day, or full-day Rock Star presentation just for you.
If you're interested in bringing Teach Like A Rock Star to your educators, simply fill-out the form below and we'll contact you with all the details.


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Things are going fairly well with my (fab) game. My fab.js backend is doing most of what I need it to (keeping track of players, dropping idle players). My frontend is working fairly well in raphaël.js as well. Tonight, I would like to see if I can attached a name to players in the game room (right now, they are just dots).
set() seems like a good option. Currently, the
Room is drawing the player with Raphaël's
circle() and returning that to be moved as the
Player moves about the room:
Room.prototype.draw_player = function(player, color) {The
var c = this.paper.circle(player.y, player.x, 3);
c.attr({fill: color, opacity: 0.5});
return c;
set() method groups elements together. So let's try grouping this circle with a text element just below it:
Room.prototype.draw_player = function(player, color) {Trying that out in the browser it works!:
var st = this.paper.set();
this.paper.circle(player.x, player.y, 3),
this.paper.text(player.x, player.y + 10, player.id)
st.attr({fill: color, opacity: 0.5});
return st;
It works... but only up to a point. When I try to move this set with the same
animateAlong() method, nothing happens. Digging through the raphaël.js source code a bit, it seems that only
animate() was implemented for sets. I would hazard a guess that it is difficult to animate a bunch of arbitrary objects along a path, which is why this is not part of raphaël.js yet. Still I really would like this feature.
For now, I am going to fall back on a terrible hack. Hopefully I can come up with something better in the future, but...
I revert my set code. Instead, when the
Player is handed its "drawable"
circle() I add a second object 10 pixels below (y-pixels increase down the page):
Player.prototype.attach_drawable = function(drawable) {Here, I am using the
this.drawable = drawable;
this.label = drawable.paper.text(this.x, this.y + 10, this.id);
paper attribute that the
cirle() drawable (and any raphaël.js element) has.
With a
label now an attribute on
Player, I need to animate the label along a path 10 pixels below the path the
Player walks:
Player.prototype.walk_to = function(x, y) {And, when the
var p = "M"+ this.x + " " + this.y +
"L" + x + " " + y;
this.drawable.animateAlong(p, 3000);
var pl = "M"+ this.x + " " + this.y + 10 +
"L" + x + " " + y + 10;
this.label.animateAlong(p, 3000);
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
Player stops, I need to stop the label as well:
Player.prototype.stop = function () {I am not at all satisfied with this solution but it does work:
this.x = this.drawable.attrs.cx;
this.y = this.drawable.attrs.cy;
I will stop there for the night and ruminate on how I might do this better tomorrow. Maybe
Day #109


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Posting ID : A1068533699
Date Posted : 2015-08-19
Category : Labor Moving
Professional pressure/power washing services. We provide service to both residential and commercial clients. We can wash most surfaces, materials, and structures. Price varies per area (square footage), but common price range is between $100-$1000. Contact us for a free quote, there is no job too large or small.


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The Rotunda Sessions at Crucible Corner
The Rotunda Sessions return to Crucible Corner in Tudor Square on 15 January for the first open mic night of 2018.
Musicians, poets and comedians are all invited to take part, and will even get a free drink in return. The Rotunda Sessions take place every other Monday at the Crucible Corner, starting at 7:30pm.
Why not try some food beforehand, Crucible Corner serves a seasonal menu which celebrates Yorkshire, made using fresh, locally sourced ingredients. See Alive After 5's food and drink section for more dining inspiration.


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Hello my Darlings!
I closed two of my giveaways early because I won't be reach-able from March 23rd to March 30th and I wanna be able to pass winner's infos to authors before I leave!
So without further babbling, here are the winners:
The winner is:
Sarah from My World of Books
ReaganStar from StarShadow Blog
I already contacted both of you, Please reply to me before Monday night if you want to receive your prices sooner than later *winks*
Thanks to everyone who entered!
Don't forget that you can still enter to win


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LW Consulting is proud to give back to the community through various charity efforts. Throughout the years, we promote volunteer work through initiatives targeting poverty, hunger and breast cancer awareness, among other important social issues. The company has participated in these events both as a firm and through the actions of individual members of the LWCI team.
All together, 25 LWCI staff members have contributed to charitable organizations in 22 different locations, supporting groups such as the Salvation Army, the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network and the Boy Scouts of America. For Goodwill Industries International Inc., we've contributed to six different locations through eight of our members.
If you've read our bio pages, you know that all of our leading staff members care passionately about making a difference and helping others improve. We bring that same passion to our good works, and have used that to interact with special public events on multiple occasions. It's about more than just supporting healthcare and wellness: We strive to find effective ways of taking part in helpful causes.
Here are some examples of organizations that LWCI has directly supported through participation in events and programs, or simply making a statement. It should demonstrate the different ways we are willing to convey our dedication to community betterment in the public sphere:
American Heart Association, American Heart Walk: In September 2015, a small group of LW team members walked the three mile loop around the city of Harrisburg to support awareness for heart disease and stroke in the Capital Region. Across all of our offices, our team collected approximately $900.00 in donations which benefits research efforts.
March of Dimes – March for Babies: Participation in the March for Babies helps saves babies' lives by funding research for premature birth and how to prevent it, support the families of premature babies in ICU, and help women carry health babies and have full-term pregnancies.
American Cancer Society: We appeared on a local radio show to raise breast cancer awareness and raised money to support the effort as well. We have also raised donations for the Coaches for Cancer campaign, another program associated with the ACS.
Ronald McDonald House Charities of Central PA: This organization sponsors several events throughout the year to help benefit families and children. On two separate occasions each year, LWCI cooked meals and served a total of 140 family members.
The Central Pennsylvania Food Bank: Another institution concerned with providing for families, and another instance where LWCI contributed food to those in need. In this case, we both gathered and delivered various non-perishable items.
Toys for Tots: In 2014, LWCI collected and donated more than 100 toys through this national program organized by the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve. This is an annual tradition for us.
Coaches vs. Cancer – Suits and Sneakers Event


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The first recipe I made for my Pinterest Food Challenge was Skillet Lasagna. Invariably, with all my dishes I change/invent/adapt/make it up as I go along. I used to be of the mind that I would try a recipe exactly as it was written, and the next time I made it I was allowed to change it up. That, dear readers, did not last long. It's expensive and boring and I felt it limited my creativity :P But, in case you want to make the recipe exactly as it was first written, here's the site linked to my Pinterest pic: Easy Peasy Skillet Lasagna.
So, here's the recipe I ended up writing in my recipe book, and below it (and with visual assistance), I will elaborate on what I actually did :)
Skillet Lasagna:
1lb Ground Beef
1/2 Onion, chopped
2 cloves garlic, chopped
Veggies (mushrooms, asparagus, zucchini, whatever you enjoy/have in the fridge)
1 can diced tomatoes
1 can tomato sauce
3 Basil leaves, chopped
salt and pepper, to taste
Ricotta Cheese
Mozzarella Cheese
Parmesan Cheese
Lasagna Noodles (broken into thirds)
1. Start Noodles Cooking. Brown meat in a large skillet - drain grease.
2. Add Onion, garlic, and veggies to meat - cook about 5 minutes (until tender). Add canned tomatoes, tomato sauce, and spices.
3. Drain noodles, add to meat and veggies. Add cheeses in liberal amounts. Top with Parsley and serve.
I also didn't have any fresh basil, so I just sprinkled dried basil on top.
When I crave lasagna, I want it right away - not later that night. And this recipe is very accommodating of my urgently hungry demands :) So, there it is, my dear readers. A quick, fantastic recipe for you to try out if you love lasagna, but don't want the hassle of hours and hours of work. All in all, this recipe takes a grand total of 10 minutes!! I served it with a nice Cabernet Sauvignon.


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Groundwater availability in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of North and South Carolina
Professional Paper 1773
Groundwater Resources Program
- More information: USGS Index Page (html)
- Data Release: USGS data release – MODFLOW2000 and MODFLOW-ASP models used to simulate the groundwater flow in the Atlantic Coastal Plain, North and South Carolina and parts of Georgia and Virginia, Predevelopment to 2004
- Open Access Version: Publisher Index Page
- Download citation as: RIS | Dublin Core
The Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifers and confining units of North and South Carolina are composed of crystalline carbonate rocks, sand, clay, silt, and gravel and contain large volumes of high-quality groundwater. The aquifers have a long history of use dating back to the earliest days of European settlement in the late 1600s. Although extensive areas of some of the aquifers have or currently (2009) are areas of groundwater level declines from large-scale, concentrated pumping centers, large areas of the Atlantic Coastal Plain contain substantial quantities of high-quality groundwater that currently (2009) are unused. Groundwater use from the Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifers in North Carolina and South Carolina has increased during the past 60 years as the population has increased along with demands for municipal, industrial, and agricultural water needs. While North Carolina and South Carolina work to increase development of water supplies in response to the rapid growth in these coastal populations, both States recognize that they are facing a number of unanswered questions regarding availability of groundwater supplies and the best methods to manage these important supplies. An in-depth assessment of groundwater availability of the Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifers of North and South Carolina has been completed by the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Resources Program. This assessment includes (1) a determination of the present status of the Atlantic Coastal Plain groundwater resources; (2) an explanation for how these resources have changed over time; and (3) development of tools to assess the system's response to stresses from potential future climate variability. Results from numerous previous investigations of the Atlantic Coastal Plain by Federal and State agencies have been incorporated into this effort. The primary products of this effort are (1) comprehensive hydrologic datasets such as groundwater levels, groundwater use, and aquifer properties; (2) a revised hydrogeologic framework; (3) simulated water budgets of the overall study area along with several subareas; and (4) construction and calibration of a numerical modeling tool that is used to forecast the potential effects of climate change on groundwater levels.
Study Area
Additional publication details
|Publication type
|Publication Subtype
|USGS Numbered Series
|Groundwater availability in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of North and South Carolina
|Series title
|Professional Paper
|Series number
|Year Published
|U.S. Geological Survey
|Contributing office(s)
|South Atlantic Water Science Center
|xxvi, 240 p.; 7 Plates; Plate 1: Section A-A 30 inches x 30 inches; Plate 2: Section B-B 37.61 inches x 33.89 inches; Plate 3: Section D-D, E-E 32 inches x 35.46 inches; Plate 4: Section F-F 24.32 inches x 25.14 inches; Plate 5: Section G-G 39.13 inches x 32.56 inches; Plate 6: Section H-H 42 inches x 37.46 inches; Plate 7: Section I-I, A-C 44.66 inches x 40.21 inches; Compressed PDF File containing Plates
|United States
|North Carolina, South Carolina
|Other Geospatial
|Atlantic Coastal Plain
|Additional Online Files (Y/N)
|Google Analytic Metrics
|Metrics page


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This month I've loved....
* payday - I've done loads of overtime this month so my pay was huuuuge! * my courgette flowering * watching an episode of the big bang theory I've never seen before * old friends getting in touch * a lady at work saying she thought I was only 18 (this happens to me quite regularly, but it still makes me sooo happy when someone knocks 10 years off my age!) * ice cream cones (aldi waffle cones are vegan!!) * putting up a display of art by local young people at work and making it look all pretty * Andy Murray winning the Wimbledon Semis * mummy making me a lemon cake * eating cake mixture * baby robins in the garden * sunshine * chips and lemonade * charity shopping * nice dinner with my mum and brother * wearing stickers at work * lie's in * making bears all morning at volunteering * walking fast * listening to songs from musicals * lovely meal out with my lovely work people *
I had pink and white spotty toenails. They made me ridiculously happy.
The moon...it has been big and pretty all month!
We went to our local national trust place and the pond was full of hundreds of blue damsel flies, it was so pretty!
Mostly I'm pleased because I've spent the last 3 months on the 'at risk' list with my job, because of a restructure at work, but we had interviews a couple of weeks ago and I'll still have a job (with a few more hours and other responsibilities) once they've jiggled us all around! Yey! and phew!
What have you loved this month? Hope it's been a good one!