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Portuguese Ibex - Capra pyrenaica lusitanica
<Back to Globally Extinct: Mammals>
|Animalia (Animals)
A male Portuguese Ibex by A. Cabrera (1914). Image courtesy of Biodiversity Heritage Library: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org. This image has been released under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 license.
|Chordata (Chordates)
|Mammalia (Mammals)
|Artiodactyla (Even-toed ungulates)
|Bovidae (Bovids)
|Caprinae (Goat-Antelopes)
|Capra pyrenaica
|Capra pyrenaica lusitanica
|Schlegel, 1872
|TSEW Status
|Extinct (EX), Year assessed: 2012
|IUCN Status
|Not evaluated
|English Name
|Portuguese Ibex
|Chinese Name
|Dutch Name
|Portugese Steenbok
|French Name
|Bouquetin du Gerez
|German Name
|Portugiesische Steinbock, Nordwestiberischer Steinbock
|Italian Name
|Stambecco Portoghese
|Portuguese Name
|Íbex-português, Cabra Montez de Portugal, Cabra do Gerez , Cabro
|Spanish Name
|Cabra Montés Portuguesa, Mueyu
The different Iberian ibex populations show differences in body size, horn shape and hair colour pattern (Perez et al. 2002). Based on these different characteristics, Angel Cabrera (1911, 1914) recognised four Capra pyrenaica subspecies (Perez et al. 2002). The Portuguese Ibex is one of Cabrera's subspecies. Franca (1917) considered the Portuguese Ibex a distinct species (Capra lusitanica), not merely a subspecies of Capra pyrenaica lusitanica (Harper, 1945).
A: C. p. pyrenaica, B: C. p. victoriae, C: C. p. hispanica, D: C. p. lusitanica
Image: males of the four subspecies of the Iberian Ibex (Capra pyrenaica). This image is based on images made by A. Cabrera (1914) and created by Peter Maas for The Sixth Extinction website. Original images courtesy of Biodiversity Heritage Library: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org. This adapted image has been released under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 license (as are the original images).
The validity of Cabrera's four Capra pyrenaica-subspecies is questioned and discussed (Couturier, 1962; Clouet, 1979; Shackleton, 1997; Manceau et al. 1999). This taxonomy is questionable because it is based on only two morphological criteria which are variable within Iberian Ibex populations (Couturier, 1962; Clouet, 1979; Manceau et al. 1999), namely coat colour and horn morphology (Cabrera 1911; Manceau et al. 1999). Recent genetic analyses have cast doubt on the generally accepted taxonomy of the species (Acevedo & Cassinello 2009; Manceau et al. 1999). Based on their mitochondrial DNA sequence polymorphism it does propose the distinction of two Capra pyrenaica-subspecies (Acevedo & Cassinello 2009; Manceau et al. 1999). Genetic analysis did not support the recognition of the subspecies Capra pyrenaica hispanica and Capra pyrenaica victoriae (Manceau et al. 1999). The Portuguese subspecies Capra pyrenaica lusitanica was not included into this genetic study, because it was extinct at the time (Manceau et al. 1999). However, the genetic analysis showed that the Pyrenean population was distinctive from other Spanish populations (Manceau et al. 1999). There is a need for comprehensive revision that integrates genetic and morphological approaches resulting in a definitive description and differentiation of the subspecies (Acevedo & Cassinello 2009). (Perez et al. 2002; Wilson and Reeder 2005)
In size and colouration it was much like the Spanish animals, though inclining towards brown rather than black markings (Cabrera, 1914). In pelage it is intermediate between C. p. victoriae and C. p.hispanica(Harper, 1945). The Portuguese Ibex was a subspecies of the same size of the true C. p. pyrenaica, but of the colour and reduced black markings of C. p. hispanica (Cabrera, 1914). General colour of the summer coat is similar to that of C. p. hispanica, which is brown tinged blonde, with the black markings not much spread, specially on flanks and tights (Cabrera, 1914). Its belly, inside of limbs, space about eyes and near muzzle are coloured isabelline (pale grey-yellowish), while the front of the limbs are coloured dark brown (Harper, 1945). Females are of the same colour of males, but without black markings (Cabrera, 1914). The male had a slight brown mane and a short, dark brown beard, both longer in winter (Harper, 1945). In winter, the dorsal line tend to widen on the withers to form a rounded patch there (Cabrera, 1914) and reaching the tail (Harper, 1945). The winter pelage of the female has the same blackish markings as the male's, but less intense and less clear (Harper, 1945).
Its horns were strikingly different from any of the other Iberian subspecies (Day, 1981; Harper, 1945). The horns are small in relation to the size of the animal and to the size in other subspecies, and generally not much opened side wards (Cabrera, 1914). The horns were shorter and less curved than those of the other Iberian subspecies, but but of greater circumference and closer together toward the base (Harper, 1945). For example, they were only half the length of the Pyrenean Ibex (Day, 1981).
The type specimen is of a sub-adult male. Its length (head and body) is 142 cm and it shoulder height is 73 cm. The length of the horns along the curve is 36 cm. An older male from the Coimbra Museum measures a shoulder height of 76 cm and its horns measure along the curve 48 cm. The horns of a female in the same museum measures only 18 cm. (Cabrera, 1914)
Its diet consisted of grass, herbs and lichens (Caprinae Specialist Group 2000).
|Range & Habitat
In former times the range of the Portuguese Ibex probably extended to all the large mountains in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, and about the middle of the last century a few individuals still existed in Galicia, Spain. Its last refuge was in the Gerês mountains (Serra do Gerês) in northern Portugal (Região Norte) (Cabrera, 1914).
Image: map with the geographic distribution of the Iberian ibex (based on Manceau et al. 1999). The recent distribution of the Pyrenean Ibex (C. p. pyrenaica) is coloured red, that of the also extinct Portuguese Ibex (C. p. lusitanica) is coloured yellow, that of the Gredos Ibex (C. p. victoriae) is coloured blue and that of the Beceite Ibex (C. p. hispanica) is coloured green. Created by Peter Maas for The Extinction Website. This image has been released under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives 3.0 licence.
|History & Population
This ibex was still abundant at the end of the eighteenth century, and that its range then extended from Borrageiro to Montalegre (Harper, 1945). Thereafter its decline was rapid as hunting pressure increased (Day, 1981). Du Bocage (1857) records five specimens taken in the Serra do Gerês, northern Portugal, in 1852, and quotes H.F. Link and J.C. von Hoffmansegg (1808) to the effect that this is the only area in the country where the species is found (Harper, 1945). He attributes the survival of this Ibex to the difficulties and perils of the chase (Harper, 1945).
By 1870 this ibex was a rare animal (Day, 1981; Harper, 1945). Single males were killed in 1874, 1876, and 1885 (Harper, 1945). A dozen animals, the last herd were seen in 1886 (Day, 1981; Harper, 1945). An old female was captured alive in September 1889, but only survived for three days. Two more females were found dead next year, victims of a Galician avalanche (Day, 1981). A young Portuguese Ibex was caught alive in 1890 (Harper, 1945). The individual was appearently photographed (Gadow, 1897; Harper, 1945), but it is not known how long it survived. The last one to be captured was an old female taken alive in September 1890; it died a few days later (Harper, 1945). Two others were found dead in 1890 and 1891; the latter was the victim of an avalanche (Harper, 1945).
The last known Portuguese ibex in Spain died in 1890 (Day, 1981), and the very last known sighting was a female (Day, 1981) near Lomba do Pau in the Serra do Gerês in Portugal in 1892 (Day, 1981; Harper, 1945). Nowadays another subspecies, the Gredos ibex Capra pyrenaica victoriae Cabrera, 1911, has been introduced in the former range of the Portuguese ibex (Day, 1981).
|Extinction Causes
Hunting pressure from humans may be the cause of extinction. It was much hunted by the inhabitants (Harper, 1945). Local people hunted it for its meat and for the bezoar stones in its stomach which were regarded as potent medicine and antidotes for poisons of all kind (Day, 1981). A hunter who would gladly sell the hide esteemed the flesh too highly to part with it (Harper, 1945). Coverlets were made of the hide, and the horns were used for ornament in the houses (Day, 1981; Harper, 1945). In later times the use of the horns as trumpets is mentioned (Harper, 1945), to call across the narrow valleys of the north-western mountains (Day, 1981). Hunting was especially destructive in May, when local hunters did not respect the closed hunting seasons (Day, 1981) and shot Portuguese ibexes when the herds with small young descended to lower altitudes in May (Day, 1981; Harper, 1945).
Some authors (Harper, 1945) have pointed to other factors than human interference as reason for the decline of the Portuguese Ibex. Grey wolves and golden eagles could be another reason why the population declined so fast, disease from domestic herds and a disproportionate number of males. The last point seems especially dubious, the bucks were naturally the most hunted and recorded. Beside that, the last recorded sightings were all females. But there is little doubt that the only significant enemies were humans. (Day, 1981)
|Museum Specimens
Specimens can be found in Iberian museums. Two males and five females are preserved in the Lisbon Museum, Coimbra Museum and in the Lisbon Polytechnic School (Cabrera, 1914). A male in the Coimbra Museum can be seen in this pdf. Do you know which museum has remains of the Portuguese Ibex in its collection? Please contact this website.
The Portuguese Ibex was one of the four described subspecies of the Spanish or Iberian Ibex (Capra pyrenaica Schinz, 1838). Two so-called subspecies can still be found on the Iberian peninsula, namely the Western Spanish Ibex or Gredos Ibex (Capra pyrenaica victoriae Cabrera, 1911) and the South-eastern Spanish Ibex or Beceite Ibex (Capra pyrenaica hispanica Schimper, 1848). The Pyrenean Ibex (Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica Schinz, 1838) became extinct on 6 January 2000 when the last individual was found dead on 6 January 2000 under a fallen tree in Ordesa National Park in Spain (Caprinae Specialist Group 2000; McCarthy 2000). In January 2009, the Pyrenean Ibex became the first extinct animal to be resurrected by cloning (Gray and Dobson 2009). This newborn Pyrenean Ibex died after seven minutes due to breathing difficulties (Gray and Dobson 2009).
Photos: the left-hand photo shows a male Western Spanish Ibex (Capra pyrenaica victoriae) from Sierra de Gredos. Photographed by Javier García Diz in 1996. This photographhas been released under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 2.5 licence (see also Wikimedia Commons). The middle photo shows a male South-eastern Spanish Ibex (Capra pyrenaica hispanica) from Sierra Nevada. Photographed by José M. Gómez on 19 November 1996. This photograph has been released under the GNU Free Documentation License (see also Wikimedia Commons). The right-hand photo shows a juvenile male South-eastern Spanish Ibex (Capra pyrenaica hispanica) from Reserva Nacional dels Ports de Beseit. Photographed by Achim Christoph on 9 September 2005. This photograph has been released under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 2.5 licence (see alsoWikimedia Commons).
Portuguese Ibex - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species - Capra pyrenaica (Iberian Wild Goat, Spanish Ibex, Pyrenean Ibex)
Almaça, C. (1992). Notes on Capra pyrenaica lusitanica Schlegel, 1872, Mammalia, Paris, 56: 121-124.
Acevedo, P.& Cassinello, J. (2009). Biology, ecology and status of Iberian ibex Capra pyrenaica: a critical review and research prospectus. Mammal Review, Volume 39, Number 1, January 2009, pp 17-32.
Cabrera, A. (1911): The subspecies of the Spanish ibex. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1911, 963–967.
Cabrera, A. (1914): Fauna Ibérica. Mamiferos. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. Madrid. p 311. This book is available online: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54474 or http://archive.org/details/faunaibricamam00cabr.
Caprinae Specialist Group (2000). Capra pyrenaica ssp. pyrenaica. In: IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.redlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2005.
Choffat, P. 1920. Le Bouquetin du Gerez et le Bouquetin de Monte Junto. Bulletin de la Société Portugaise des Sciences Naturelles, Lisbonne, VIII (2) : 151-156. Cabra do Gerês. Capra lusitanica. Geologia. Paleontologia. Ossos de Capra hispanica, não de C. lusitanica.
Clouet, M. (1979). Note sur la systématique du bouquetin d'Espagne. Bulletin de la Societé d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse, 115:269-277.
Couturier, M. A. J. (1962). Le bouquetin des Alpes Capra aegagrus ibex ibex L. Published by the author, Grenoble, 1565 pp.
Day, D. (1981), The Doomsday Book of Animals, Ebury Press, London.
Du Bocage, J.V. Barboza. (1857). Memoria sobre a cabra-montez da Serra do Gerez. Mem.
Acad. Real Sci. Lisboa, cl. sci. math., phys., e nat, n. s.,
França, C. 1908. Descrição da nova espécie, Capra lusitanica França, 1908, in: Le Professeur Barbosa du Bocage - 1823-1907. Bulletin de la Société Portugaise de Sciences Naturelles, II (1-2), pág. 144.
França, C. 1917. Le bouquetin du Gerez : Capra Lusitanica ; notes sur une espèce éteinte / Carlos França IN: Arquivos da Universidade de Lisboa: Lisboa , vol. 4, 1917, p. 19-53. Fauna - Serra do Gerez (Portugal) / Cabra Lusitana .
Harper, F. (1945): Extinct and Vanishing Mammals of the Old World . American Committee for International Wild Life Protection, New York Zoological Park, New York.
Herrero, J. & Pérez, J.M. (2008). Capra pyrenaica. In: IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 01 February 2009.
Manceau, V., J.-P. Crampe, P. Boursot, and P. Taberlet. (1999). Identification of evolutionary significant units in the Spanish wild goat, Capra pyrenaica (Mammalia, Artiodactyla). Animal Conservation, 2:33-39. Online full-text pdf.
McCarthy, M. (2000). Last Pyrenean ibex killed by tree. The Independent (28 January 2000). Online article.
Perez, J.M., Granados, J.E., Soriguer, R.C., Fandos, P., Marquez, F.J., and Crampe, J.P. (2002). Distribution, status and conservation problems of the Spanish ibex, Capra pyrenaica (Mammalia: Artiodactyla). Mammal Rev. 32(1):26-39. Online full-text pdf.
Shackleton, D.M. (1997) Wild Sheep and Goats and their Relatives. IUCN, Cambridge, UK. Online book.
Wilson, D.E. and D.M. Reeder (editors). (2005). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp.Online available.
|Maas, P.H.J. (2012). Portuguese Ibex - Capra pyrenaica lusitanica. In: TSEW (). The Sixth Extinction Website. <http://www.petermaas.nl/extinct>. Downloaded on .
|To make use of this information, please check the <Terms of Use>.
|Questions, suggestions or do you see any error? Please contact us.
|15 April 2012


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I watched The Dark Knight Rises, unfortunately. I told myself that I wouldn't, that I wouldn't even download it and watch it for free, something I consider the ultimate insult. But a friend dragged me in. The reason I wouldn't watch it was that I hated TDK. I kind of enjoyed BB until Wayne put on the mask, but from then on the entire story has been unimpressive and just bad, bad storytelling.
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Daily News Archive
From April 4, 2006
Quebec Pesticide
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(Beyond Pesticides, April 4, 2006) On April 3, 2006 the final stage of the Pesticide Code of Quebec has come into effect. Activists had been concerned that the new Minister of the Environment, Claude Béchard, might have vetoed the protections. Because he did not, in addition to a long list of protections (see below), 20 pesticide active ingredients are banned for sale and use for lawns across the Province of Quebec. These ingredients are contained in 210 products that will be prohibited for sale and use for lawns all across the Province. "Weed and feed" formulations are also banned. See a list of the active ingredients banned in Quebec.
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Himalayan Cat Breed
The Himalayan's most striking features are its broad head and large, round, vivid-blue eyes.By: PawCulture Editors
About the Himalayan Cat Breed
Except for the point coloration and blue eyes, the Himalayan is quite similar to the Persian. In fact, it is sometimes referred to as a "Colorpoint Persian." It derives its name from the Himalayan rabbit, which possesses the same colorpoint. The most recognizable Himalayan, at least recently, has been "Mr. Jinx," the toilet-flushing cat in the comedy film Meet the Parents.
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Activity Level
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The origin of the Himalayan can be traced to the 1920s and '30s, when breeders in several countries attempted to produce a cat with a typical Persian body, but with Siamese markings. The first signs of success were seen in the U.S. in 1924, when White Persians were crossed with Siamese, resulting in "Malayan Persians"; and in Sweden, when Dr. T. Tjebbes, a geneticist, produced Persian/Siamese crosses.
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However, the breed now has Championship status in all associations (as the Himalayan or Persian) and was the most popular breed in 1996, according to CFA statistics (which include Persians).


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Eric Feng's Clean-Tech Focus At Kleiner Perkins Lasts One Year
By Ty McMahan and Scott Austin
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Mum has been much brighter this week, since starting her new painkillers, which is great, but she has had two minor falls at home, requiring using her Lifeline tele-alarm to get the Mobile response Team out to assist her :-(
The first fall on Monday happened in the day, when she was getting from her chair back to her bed, but caused no injury and she was not unduly distressed as her dear friend John was with her, and kept her company till the emergency team got there.
Last night, I had a phone call from the Lifeline service at 8pm . {Mum wears a small emergency alarm around her neck, so if she falls or feels ill, she has only to press the button on the alarm and it automatically dials up the Lifeline service, and the operator can talk to Mum via the loudspeaker telephone attachment. It is all very clever stuff, and makes such a difference to her confidence , knowing that she can always get help, no matter what time of the day or night.}
Mum had fallen, and they had despatched the Mobile response Team to assist her, but they were concerned because she was very distressed. DH drove me up, so I was there within five minutes, and I found Mum on the floor, no serious injuries, but very upset and scared. The Lifeline operator had stayed on the phone to talk to her and reassure her until I arrived, which was great. Within twenty minutes, the Team arrived and used their special equipment to get her off the floor, back on her feet, and safely back in bed. Her only injury was a small graze to one hand, so she was very fortunate, thank God.
She had gone to bed, slept for a while and woken up very disorientated as to time, and got up, thinking it was morning and she needed to use one of her asthma pumps which she keeps by her chair. This shouldn't have been a problem, but she hadn't used her Zimmer walking frame for support, and had consequently wobbled and fallen. It was such a shame, as she had had a really good day apart from that. She is eating better, is much chirpier and happier, and is very much improved from last week, though her physical condition is still desperately frail.......
The Mobile Team said they would contact the Carer Service to request a formal review for Mum by a multi-disciplinary team, who will re-assess her current care package, and what alterations need to be made to make things safer. She may well need a late-night carer just to pop in and make sure she is safely in bed with no problems, as currently, she has a carer attend in the morning to get her washed, dressed and up for the morning and another carer visits about 6pm to get her ready for bed and settled for the night. In the meantime, Mum's friend John and I take turns to be with her in the daytime.
Quite how long she is going to be able to stay at home alone at night is debatable; she is adamant she wants to stay in her own home and not move in with us. I think she may well need a night-sitter soon, just to keep an eye on her throughout the night.........
On a happier note, on Tuesday I could see from her bedroom window that her golden roses were in bloom. The bush was planted by my late step-father, and produces luscious huge flowers with a truly delightful scent. I went and cut some of the flowers and put them in a vase by Mum's bed, where she spends the vast majority of her time, so she can see them clearly and enjoy the lovely fragrance. Such a little thing, but it has brought her such delight and pleasure! By Thursday, the blossoms were fading so I cut her some more, including rosebuds, which have lasted really well.
She smiles each time she looks at them :-)
Saturday, July 09, 2011
Another Week....
3 comments:
- DebD said...
It can be so hard to be the caregiver. I hope you're getting the rest you need too. Prayers for wisdom for the Mobile Team and prayers for your mum.
- 12:54 pm
- Laura said...
God bless you for taking such good care of your Mom. I know this is a difficult time.
- 1:02 pm
- elizabeth said...
love hearing about the flowers; that is beautiful. Hugs and love; so hard when you Mom is getting older and has struggles. Will light candle for her today! and for you... :)
- 2:14 pm
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607 E. 8th Ave., Vancouver, BC, V5T 1T2
No of Levels: 3, No of Suites: 30, Status: Completed , Year Built: 1983
MAP 5 - Mount Pleasant Area
Type: Freehold
Bldg # 166
Bing Map
Instructions: To pan the map use your mouse to click a point on the map and drag in any direction or use the navigation menu in the top left hand corner. To view a full size map click HERE.
Google Map
Google Street View


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|Locations of interest
I want to do what I love!
Rewarding: Freedom to do what drives you
Challenging: The balancing act
Doing it for the money
There's always more to learn!
Time management
Taking time out to breath, slow down and let your intuition guide you
Dream big
When you don't have the answer ASK for help from those who may
Balance your life to avoid counting hairs on your palms


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Cos Cob, Riverside & Old Greenwich CT Private Association Homes
Across Cos Cob, Riverside and Old Greenwich there are just over a dozen single-family private association neighborhoods. Typically these associations offer few amenities if any other than gated and non-gated security and speed controlled streets. Some offer general access to the waterfront areas of these areas while others offer small beaches or places to launch kayak or small watercraft. Among the group are Old Stone Bridge in and Coach Lamp Lane associations in the Cos Cob area; Willowmere and Harbor Point in Riverside and Shorelands, Lucas Point, Ledge Road, Binney Lane, Ford Lane ,Sylvan Lane, Meadowbank, and Rocky Point Roads in Old Greenwich, among others.
For more information about these and similar types of neighborhood association areas contact Edward Mortimer to review both property options that are presented on this page and others that may be coming to market but not yet announced. Sign up for an account to save your favorite listings and you can get email updates when new Greenwich properties come onto the market.


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First off, I'm a big proponent of bi-vocational ministry. Actually, I like to call it multi-vocational ministry. For me, my understanding of ministry comes from the notion that none of us as persons are constructed out of a single role, type of work, or thing. Our identities are shaped and varied by all sorts of forces, vocations, if you will.
I've spent a lot of time thinking about multi/bi-vocational ministry. And a while back, I came across a conversation about the "issue" of bi-vocational ministry….primarily the theological problems it presents. If you want to go into it in detail, you can check it out here. Additionally, there are other perspectives as well, like this and this. But here's my take on their conversation:
- Bi-vocational ministry is narrowly defined as having another job to supplement your pastoral salary (or lack thereof). Vocation=work you get paid for.
- The primary theological justification for bi-vocational ministry is evangelism – both as the pastor and modeling it for those in the congregation.
- Other justifications for bi-vocational ministry: economic sustainability, church-planting, missional development, more "authentic" than full-time professional ministry.
And that's where I find these and other definitions and reasoning both narrow and problematic. Because as someone who is multi-vocational in their ministry….the model works for me much differently. Because what they're describing…..I'm not doing it, and I'm not thinking it.
1. Vocation is the space in which persons negotiate theological tension in their lives. There are lots of roles I have to fulfill in my life – pastor, husband, brother, wrestling coach, Navy Chaplain, friend. Some of these roles pay the bills, some don't. All are relational roles though. And in relationship we're negotiating theological tension: law and gospel, sin and grace, sinner and saint. (Having read what I just wrote, I just might be Lutheran!)
In all these roles I bring my person into them – my whole self – which means spiritual gifts, acquired skills, passion, and learned information and knowledge. It also means I bring my brokenness, insecurities, issues of trust and power, and bias into them as well. Vocation makes space to work all this out in relationships, and in doing so, it's the space we seek for God's presence and action in the world, in our lives, and in our relationships. Thus, vocation is missional – it's cooperation and witness in God's ongoing and eschatological work towards a new creation.
2. Ontologically, we're multi-vocational beings. As I mentioned above, I serve in many different roles. None of them on their own make up my whole being; they all shape who I am ontologically. Additionally, they are not mutually exclusive in that process either. For example, my role as a pastor also shapes who I am as a husband.
Additionally, my being to others will shift in focus in fluid ways. For instance, at this point in the year I'm more of a wrestling coach because my athletes need a bit more attention at the end of the season. I communicate and negotiate that with my pastoral roles, and my wife makes space to allow me to live into that (knowing she gets my full attention after the season!). This process is true for most, if not every person who lives in the world today. Being is shaped by our many vocations being lived out together.
3. Multi-vocational models of pastors seek to be more authentic and vulnerable persons to the people they witness and minister to. I agree with the authors of the synchropost; bi-vocational ministry has been romanticized as "better" than full-time, conventional models of pastoral ministry. But it is wrong to write them off completely. If we as pastors live more publicly as authentic, vulnerable, multi-vocational persons, negotiating the theological and ontological tensions with openness, we draw others into a similar experience. We invite them to partake on a similar journey through life, asking deep questions and experiencing God in places and spaces well outside the church walls. It is about modeling….but modeling life in the world as an authentic person of faith; not one assimilated into and loyal to the culture of the church.
4. Bi/multi-vocational ministry is about economy…but it doesn't have to be. I'll be honest: bi/multi-vocational ministry IS about economics. When your pastor isn't eating up 30% or more of your church's budget, especially when that church is just getting started or is struggling, there's a benefit to a pastor who can meet the same needs at a fraction of the cost. In church-planting, this becomes essential because more resources are needed for evangelism, outreach…establishing a presence publicly.
But it's not just about the money, and ministry can't ever be. Likewise, vocation can never be about the money. It's about calling and witness; participation and discipleship; encounter and worship with God. This model of ministry isn't a useful strategy in growing the institutional church; it's about living in such a way that bends your life towards the life of God. It's about living in a way that invites others into a similar life.
Now all that said, I realize that not everyone wants to live into this way of doing ministry. And I'm totally ok with that. But bi/multi-vocational ministry is not about leading them into a "better" way of Christian living, nor is it inherently the way to go in church leadership. But I believe it's a more authentic way.
I believe that if we're really honest, our lives are multi-vocational. Our very being is comprised of many different roles and vocations, and we'd do well to understand that as pastors and leaders in ministry.
It's about living out publicly who God has created us to be, and I think, calls us to be: multi-vocational beings.


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This phrase or hashtag shouldn't exist. It's wrong and it shouldn't be a norm to say but unfortunately, just like everything else, western culture over everything. I see it as just another way of saying that western culture is number one and everyone else is below. It totally eradicates the idea of equality. I just think that if the tables were to be turned, the people using the phrase now would not appreciate it.
Plus, what makes "First World"…first? And is there a "Second World"? Because jumping from first to third is pre-tty degrading. And as an individual that lives within the "First World" but belongs to a culture /country that would be labelled as "Third World" am I now Judas? A betraying man? I just don't understand.
But back to the first question which I asked above: "what makes First World…first?", is it because they have internet, light, paved roads, democracy, a non-failing government, no corruption? Because we all know that half of that list is not valid in the "First World" and the remaining exists and is available within these renowned "Third World" countries…so, what's the point? Well, I think it has something to do with the word I'm ignoring "problems". And I think this is where half of my anger lies, within the "problems" part of the phrase. The idea that because I am in a certain part of the world I will experience problems that someone in another part of the world will not experience is rubbish. I mean yes, the aspect of only one/few experiencing a problem out of the whole world/country is pleasant…if you get what I mean? But the idea that, because I'm in a land which consists solely of buildings, and has a high standard of living but not necessarily a high quality of life, I'm likely to experience problems which someone in the Eastern world will not experience or be familiar with?
My way of thinking is that problems should never be compared. Everyone lives different lives. Additionally, what makes you think people in the "Third World" don't have an iPhone with a rapidly degenerating battery life? You're assuming that being within the "First World" you have things, material things that "Third World" people don't own and probably never will and I think that's rather derogatory.


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It looks like you're new here. If you want to get involved, click one of these buttons!
How exactly did they convert it to woff2? For example, fontsquirell allows to convert font to woff but it can cut exist hinting and apply autohint during convertation.Adam Ladd said:Yes, I'm not sure how they look so different between the test site and the actual site (both viewed on same Windows os and browser).
Inspecting the site with Safari tools appears to show that they're using .woff2.


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Kind Words
Thank you & best regards,
Best, ~A"
" I took my friend to Posie?s and showed her your creations. I ALWAYS look through them and ADORE them! I am going to order some charms from your website SOON!
"Martha, I received my darling charm today! I love, love, love it!
Just like getting a present in the mail! It made my day. ~C"
" I LOVE your jewelry. I have the kitty, lady liberty, mermaid, some initials and I get complements on them every single time I wear them. Thank you. I'll be buying more soon. ~J"
"Thank you soooooo much for my charms..I received the 3 I ordered from you yesterday, they are going to relatives in England for birthdays. They are awesome!
Thank you so much..I will be ordering again soon I just wanted to send you an email of thanks! Best Wishes ~L"
"Thank you for allowing me to have your goodies in the shop. I love what you do! ~B"
"I received my ornaments on Saturday and they are absolutely GORGEOUS!!! You did a great job! Thanks so much! ~R"
" I bought your ballerina ornament at the Carlsbad Street Fair for my daughter and she just loves it! Your booth was the best one I saw the entire day! Keep up the great work, ~M"


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I love missionary home-comings! I love that they are still on fire for the gospel! I love that they stumble over their words and try to make sense of the English language all over again. I love that they hug everyone or shake hands with such purpose and call you Brother or Sister. That they say the same thing twenty times with just a little different word order. I actually love the little lilt and sing-song-y wave in their voice. You know what I mean. Their voice goes up at the end of every single sentence.
I love that they made a difference and are still ready to make a difference. I love that they are ready to take on the world. I love their commitment. I love that they come home and split with the full-time missionaries.
I also love the family get-togethers that come with missionaries.
I love attending other wards and playing the "who do you know?" game.
I love that their shoes are worn out or that their suit is either way too big or way too tight!
I love their stories. I love to hear faith-building experiences. I love to see them choke up when they recall a tender moment when they changed someone's life. I love to hear how they love the people, how they weren't quite ready to come home. I love that they are already making plans to go back someday and see all of the people who made a difference in their lives the last two years.
I love to hear how their own testimony grew. I love how their families are blest when they are gone.
I love how my own testimony grows when I hear their words of conviction.
Sometimes, I think if things were different I would be retiring right now and going on a mission in a few years. I think how wonderful it would be to work in the temple or the genealogy library or on Temple Square.
For now, I'll just keep going to all the missionary homecomings I can find.
On a long trip like the one yesterday to Star Valley, I listened to Truman G. Madsen's CD's about the Prophet Joseph. Oh, my gosh, it was WON-derful! I could listen to anything about Joseph Smith.
I am so grateful for him and for all that he did. [And I'm pretty sure . . . still does!]


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"Always kept up-to-date using the latest guidelines and research."
Author: Michele G. Kunz, MSN, ANP, RN-BC
Co-Author and Editor: Joseph C. Kunz, Jr.
This Zombie Notes Study Chart includes the most important information healthcare professionals must memorize to successfully understand and interpret electrocardiograms (EKG/ECG). This information is also very helpful in preparing for the certification exams for ACLS, BLS, and PALS. Although a lot of information is included on the two pages, it is easy to see, easy to read, and easy to follow. Many thousands of nurses and other healthcare professionals have used this study chart. It includes basic electrophysiology of the cardiac conduction system, as well as descriptions of 17 arrhythmias. Other important points focus on pacemakers, medications, vital signs, and cardiac hemodynamics.
Although a lot of information is included in the two pages, it is easy to see, easy to read, and easy to follow. Many thousands of nurses and other healthcare professionals have used this study chart. This includes American military medical personnel stationed all over the world. These charts were first developed by Michele and Joe in 1984. They have progressed to their current form, and are kept up-to-the-minute accurate.
Special Features
• Easy to read, follow, and understand
• Watch Michele's many YouTube videos for this topic
• Ask Michele a question at any time
• Professionally printed on heavy-duty card stock
• Thick baked-on plastic lamination
Michele and Joe welcome any questions
you might have about our publications
Watch Our YouTube Video
About This Publication
Buy Now From Amazon.com
Laminated Card, ISBN: 978-1-933230-40-5, 2011, 11.5″h x 9.0″w, 2 pages
Buy Now From Amazon.com
Kindle, ASIN: B06XB1J4ZN Kindle, 11″h x 8.5″w, 2 pages
Updated 02/22/17
About The Authors
Michele and Joe have been on the front-line of teaching healthcare professionals in New York City and Long Island since 1984. They have built their medical training company into New York City's and Long Island's most sought after training company.
Michele is also a nursing educator at one of New York's best hospitals, and Joe has been building and managing the business and finding and creating new and better ways to reach out and help more healthcare professionals.
Their Zombie Notes Study Charts are America's best selling study guides of their type. Together, the Kunz's have helped many thousands of medical professionals pass the certification exams. Now, they can help you be successful too.


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Use Value
Also found in: Wikipedia.
Use Value
The satisfaction derived from a commodity. That is, use value is the ability of a commodity to extinguish a want. The concept dates at least to Aristotle, but is used most commonly in Marxist economics. It is analogous to utility in neoclassical economics. It differs from exchange value in that use value measures quality while exchange value measures quantity.


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Ribble Valley Flies the Flag for Armed ForcesPublished Tuesday, 21 June 2016
Ribble Valley Borough Council is flying the flag for the armed forces this week.
The Armed Forces Day flag was raised at Clitheroe Castle by Ribble Valley Mayor Joyce Holgate during a ceremony attended by the Hon. Ralph Assheton DL, Ribble Valley councillors, representatives of the Royal British Legion and the Duke of Lancaster's Regiment.
Around the country local authorities, town and parish councils and communities large and small have shown their support for British servicemen and women.
The flag has also been raised at famous landmarks and Government buildings across the UK, including 10 Downing Street and the Ministry of Defence.
Joyce Holgate said: "The respect and appreciation shown on Armed Forces Day by people up and down the country goes a long way in sustaining the high morale of the armed forces.
"We are delighted and honoured to be flying the Armed Forces Day flag from the iconic Clitheroe Castle Keep."
Since 2009, Armed Forces Day has been marked annually with events large and small throughout the UK.


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Five Best Methods for Talent Retention and Utilization
Employees had limited expectations in earlier times. They wanted long-term job security. They wanted some low-cost benefits. In the modern times, employees' expectations have become very complex. In such a situation, five successful methods can be used for talent retention and optimum utilization of brilliant talents.
Pay for performance
Earlier scales of pay anticipated some performance and fixed the pay. This arrangement is all right for the average performers. Above-average performers will not be satisfied with this payment. They want a pay that would suit their special performance. Pay for performance will suit the budget too because the company is not going pay non-performers. It will pay only the performers.
Enhanced Capital Accumulation
Employees now do not look for job security from the company. They want to arrange their own financial security. Company can facilitate it by enhanced capital accumulation program or defined-contribution plans.
Greater Work Flexibility
Workplace rigidity is something that employees do not like. Better performance is possible only by the coordination of mind and body. If the mind is unwilling due to some reason, work should not be forced on the body. Employees' personal life and family life also have become very complicated. So, the talented employees demand greater work flexibility.
Career Development Opportunity
Young employees give a great importance to their career development. So, companies now arrange training programs, aided higher education and online courses. Systematic and specific career development is arranged by the companies to satisfy the urge of the employees.
Community Impact Program
In the past, bank employees were working unlimited hours with little room for personal life or social life. Citigroup has announced an ultra modern community impact program. Now the employees have the option to take a year off from the bank to do charity work in the communities.
So, companies look for innovative ideas to attract the best talent and also retain it. Traditional approaches such as scale of pay or promotions are not effective in the modern days. Companies look for alternative approaches. According to a new survey by the Hay Group Division of Kom Ferry, five new approaches have been adopted by 90 per cent companies. Thus, Pay for Performance, Enhanced Capital Accumulation, Greater Work Flexibility, Career Development Opportunity and Community Impact Programs are five best methods to retain and utilize the best talents.


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Featured Product...
SNU Spinnaker Nesting Unit. A mid-pole spinnaker snuffer upgrade for various beach catamarans including:
F-18 catamarans: Falcon, Cirrus, NACRA Infusion MK2, Hobie Wildcat & Tiger, AHPC Capricorn & C2
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Other Beach Cats: NACRA Carbon 20, NACRA Inter 20, Arc 21, C-Class Cat, Hobie FX1, Bimare 18, Hobie 16 and more...
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SNU Installation (PDF)
Youtube Video of SNU in action:
The SNU- We don't leave the beach without it. Whether it's on the Marstrom 20, Formula 18 or Formula 16, it leads to the win at every mark rounding, set and douse!
-John Casey
I've been using the SNU Mid-Pole snuffer on my F18 Catamaran for around 4 years. From the very first spinnaker douse I knew I had finally found a snuffing system that works like it should...every time. This snuffer is so easy to install and remove, it's light, sleak and has a low profile.
-Ian Sammis
I had a chance to put the SNU from Dennis Key to the tough- test this past weekend on my FX-ONE. We did a 15 mile downwind race from Santa Cruz to Moss Landing. I sailed back Sunday and played the puffs along the beach where I had a chance to douse the chute about 50 times. It is the best one out of the three snuffer systems I've had on the boat so far. I feel like it was gentler on the sail, so I might get some more life out of the spi. It's light too--around 1#.
My crew for the weekend was an eleven year old kid that weighed in at 80lbs. He was able to fully deploy the kite in 8-10 knot winds, and retrieve it fully into the bag on the return. It really exceeded my expectations for ease of use. I thought I'd be pulling the chute in myself. Smooth was the word for the weekend! Thanks for bringing this design to the market! I know it's a lot of work.
-Donald Atchley
My crew seemed to always have trouble hoisting and dousing the chute. It was tough to pull, there were snags and we definitely had delays at the windward and leeward marks. Others I talked to had similar problems or they had such large snuffers that they worried about weight and windage. I decided to try the SNU (Spinnaker Nesting Unit) by Dennis Key. I couldn't believe it. Dennis has done an excellent job of understanding the dynamics of the chute and the snuffer. When I'm solo sailing, I can raise or lower the chute pulling side arm, still able to look around for traffic, and without getting my legs or back into the action. It's amazing how easily it works.
- Dave Ness, Tiger Tamer


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City of Longmont, ColoradoHome Home Sitemap Contact
School Safety
Colorado Safe Routes to School enables and encourages children and their parents to walk, bike or use human power to get to and from school each and every day. The program is designed to increase awareness and be self-motivating. Visit the Safe Routes to School webpage for more program information. You can also find a library of route maps for Longmont area schools on our Maps: Safe Routes to School webpage.
Click here for information on the City of Longmont's School Safety Program.
Safety Tips
Walk with your children to determine a daily walking or bicycling route to school that avoids the busiest intersections and makes use of sidewalks, multi-use paths, traffic signals, marked crosswalks, and school crossing guards. Avoid the congested pick-up and drop-off areas adjacent to the school.
- Walk your pre-determined route in a GROUP to be SAFER and more VISIBLE.
- STOP before every curb and look left, right, left and over your shoulder! Make certain that drivers see you and will wait for you.
- WALK across the street at corners or crosswalks; don't "jaywalk or enter the street from between parked vehicles.
- Use push-buttons at traffic signals and WAIT for the "Walk" light. Even then, make certain that drivers see you.
- Be extra ALERT and leave earlier in bad weather. Drivers may have trouble seeing you, need extra stopping time, or may not be watching.
- Teach kids and teenagers at an early age to put away their devices and turn down their headphones when crossing the street so they can pay attention to traffic.
- Don't talk to or ride with strangers. If you need HELP, go to the school or a business and ask for help.
When riding bicycles on city streets, please keep these safety tips in mind:
- Wear bright BRIGHT CLOTHING and a HELMET that fits and is adjusted properly; a bicycle ridden between sunset and sunrise must, by law, have operating front and rear lights, as well as a rear reflector.
- The bike should fit the rider; be able to sit on the seat and touch toes to the ground. Never carry passengers on the seat or handlebars of bicycles designed to carry one person.
- Ride a pre-determined daily route so parents know where you are, avoiding as many busy intersections as possible.
- Ride in the same direction as the traffic when possible and as far to the right as is safe.
- Pay extra attention at corners and at driveways for vehicles backing out. Drivers may not see you.
- Learn and obey all traffic rules and signs. STOP signs are for all vehicles, even bikes. If riding in the street, stop for school crossing guard stop signs and give the right-of-way to pedestrians.
- Walk your bike when crossing with a school crossing guard. Walking across helps avoid bumping into others and allows everyone to be more attentive and react to traffic hazards more quickly.
- Make sure your children who bike to school know and follow safe riding practices by setting a good example.
School zones present many dangers. Unfortunately, and often without realizing it, parents create the worst hazards of all. Most schools have between 12 and 15 minutes when hurried drivers converge upon schools double parking, blocking crosswalks, and backing up traffic. Bad weather creates additional problems, when even more parents choose to drive.
Driving through a school zone can be dangerous for both pedestrians and drivers if safety isn't a priority. Using cell phones or even changing a radio station can break concentration. It's imperative that drivers operate their vehicles with the utmost care and concern and that we, as adults, use good judgment and set good examples. Drivers who do not obey the law around a school area put children's lives at risk.
- Watch for bike traffic. When backing out of a driveway or leaving a garage, watch for children walking or biking to school.
- Drop off children 15 minutes earlier and pick them up 15 minutes later, before or after the "rush". Or have a designated meeting place a block or two away from school. Get out of the house on time so you don't need to rush.
- Buckle Up! Car seats and booster seats must be used until the lap and shoulder belts fit a child properly. See CDOT's website for more information. It is safest for everyone younger than 12 to ride in the back seat.
- Use a legal parking space for drop off and pickup; double parking or parking too close to corners is dangerous to your children and blocks visibility for other drivers. See Parking Enforcement for more information.
- Please be respectful to crossing guards; obey the 20 miles per hour school zone flashers where applicable. It is illegal to pass through a crossing guard's stop sign while held up by a crossing guard in the street.
- Always have children exit onto the sidewalk side of the vehicle, not into traffic.
- Be a good role model, especially when you are with your kids. Always buckle up in the car and put your children in the age and weight appropriate safety device – it's the LAW!
School Crossing Guards
City of Longmont paid school crossing guards are posted at various locations around town that have met the warrant. These traffic studies take into account the number of vehicles and kids crossing, as well as the width of the street and the speed limits. School provided adult crossing guards may be seen where there is a concern but the location does not currently meet the criteria for a City crossing guard.
Every school day, rain, snow, wind, or shine, these responsible adults show up to hold up traffic so that pedestrians are able to cross more safely. There are many dangerous challenges that crossing guards face daily:
- Avoid stopping in traffic before, in, or just after the crosswalk to unload or load kids. It not only endangers children exiting or entering the vehicle, but obstructs the view for other vehicles, pedestrians, and the crossing guard.
- Avoid parking too close to corners or driveways and blocking the view for drivers attempting to pull out; this causes drivers to take dangerous chances and increases the possibility of a crash. Learn more about parking regulations on our Parking Enforcement webpage.
- Avoid vehicles that double park block not only other traffic and create tension, but also block the view of the crosswalk to other drivers; it is illegal and it is dangerous.
- At some locations there is a "no left turn" sign when exiting the school driveway; these signs are posted to reduce traffic backup and increase safety for pedestrians.
- Turning traffic should not turn prematurely through a crossing guard's stop sign so they can beat the other traffic.
- Parents jaywalk with their children (usually from between parked cars) set a bad example for everyone.
If the crossing guard's hand-held stop sign is up as he or she stands in the intersection, all drivers must avoid passing through that "leg" of the intersection until all pedestrians have passed and the guard has returned to the sidewalk. The City of Longmont has laws that assess double fines to drivers for traffic offenses in school zones compared with regular traffic zones since children are put at risk when the driver disregards school-related traffic laws.
Vehicles may, however, turn left or right if they are not crossing the "leg" of the intersection at which the guard is crossing traffic. An example: vehicles westbound on 17th Avenue may turn left onto Airport Road even when the Westview Middle School crossing guard is crossing kids on the west "leg" crosswalk, (because they are not going across the crosswalk). Westbound vehicles going straight at this location would have to wait.
Crossing guards are not allowed to direct traffic, nor are they trained to do so. Their job is to create a gap in traffic to allow pedestrians to cross the street safely and to encourage people to use the crosswalk and cross in a safe manner.
Become a School Crossing Guard
If you are interested in becoming a school crossing guard or a crossing guard substitute, or need more information on the crossing guard program, please contact Jess Taylor at email@example.com or 303-651-8323.


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April 28, 2013
LOW: Innokin Iclear30 $9.98
….its Akavapers
Here is a great deal on the Innokin iclear30. These have been hugely popular for its dual coil design and metal knucklehead drip tip. At under $10.00 – its a great bargain! Innokin has changed the packaging to a standard box.
The iClear 30 features dual coils, an easily replaceable atomizer head, a large 3ML capacity, and rotatable mouth piece.
Replaceable Dual Coil
Innokin iClear 30 is the first dual coil clearomizer with a replaceable atomizer head, making it very inexpensive to maintain, while providing huge amounts of vapor and flavor.
Huge Capacity
Another great feature of the iClear 30 is the large 3ml chamber for holding e-liquid. This means vapers can vape longer between fills, uninterrupted.
Rotatable Mouth Piece
The iClear 30 utilizes a rotatable mouth piece with an innovative 360 degree rotating design. These mouth pieces are designed to swivel around, providing a more comfortable and enjoyable vape!
WHERE: http://www.akavapers.com/
Author: vapor
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