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Solid waste management is a challenge for the cities' authorities in developing countries mainly due to the increasing generation of waste, the burden posed on the municipal budget as a result of the high costs associated to its management, the lack of understanding over a diversity of factors that affect the different stages of waste management and linkages necessary to enable the entire handling system functioning. An analysis of literature on the work done and reported mainly in publications from 2005 to 2011, related to waste management in developing countries, showed that few articles give quantitative information. The analysis was conducted in two of the major scientific journals, Waste Management Journal and Waste Management and Research. The objective of this research was to determine the stakeholders' action/behavior that have a role in the waste management process and to analyze influential factors on the system, in more than thirty urban areas in 22 developing countries in 4 continents. A combination of methods was used in this study in order to assess the stakeholders and the factors influencing the performance of waste management in the cities. Data was collected from scientific literature, existing data bases, observations made during visits to urban areas, structured interviews with relevant professionals, exercises provided to participants in workshops and a questionnaire applied to stakeholders. Descriptive and inferential statistic methods were used to draw conclusions. The outcomes of the research are a comprehensive list of stakeholders that are relevant in the waste management systems and a set of factors that reveal the most important causes for the systems' failure. The information provided is very useful when planning, changing or implementing waste management systems in cities.
This current study is a lab-scale investigation focused on the treatment of stormwater runoff generated in wood-storage areas. The main target constituents of the proposed treatment were: metals (Cu, Cd, Co, V, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, Fe, As), COD, TOC, Phenols, and color. The method implemented for this project follows the main concept of using low-cost and environmentally friendly technologies and had as main steps the use of a by-product of wood-based industries - wood fly ashes as sorbents - followed by oxidation with H2O2 (Hydrogen Peroxide). The results obtained during this investigation were vey promising since satisfactory removal % was achieved. Removal rates of 98.5%, 86%, 89.6%, 79.6% were achieved for color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) and phenols respectively. Furthermore a decrease in metals concentrations was also observed with the exception of chromium. The study showed that for 300 ml storm water, optimum conditions were with 7g wood fly ash, 5 hours time reaction, pH≈11.46 and 150 μl of a 30% H2O2 solution in a room temperature. To conclude it can be stated that the use of a by-product from wood industry to treat contaminated water from the same sector, following the concept of a closed-loop system, is promising and possible. However further studies need to be conducted in order to evaluate such system in scaled-up conditions.
Several countries are preparing to dispose of radioactive nuclear waste deep underground in crystalline rock. This type of bedrock is commonly extensively fractured and consequently carries groundwater that serves as a medium for transporting metals and radionuclides. A group of metals of particular interest in this context is the rare earth elements (REEs), because they are analogues of actinides contained within radioactive waste and are tracers of hydrological pathways and geochemical processes. Concentrations of REEs are commonly low in these groundwaters, leading to values below detection limits of standard monitoring methods, particularly for the heavy REEs. We present a new technical set-up for monitoring REEs (and other trace metals) in groundwater in fractured crystalline rock. The technique consists of passing the fracture groundwater, commonly under high pressure and containing reduced chemical species, through a device that maintains the physicochemical character of the groundwater. Within the device, diffusive gradient in thin-film (DGT) discs are installed in triplicate. With this set-up, we studied REEs in groundwater in fractures at depths of approximately -144, -280, and -450 m in granitoids in the A"spo Hard Rock Laboratory in southern Sweden. The entire REE suite was detected (concentrations down to 0.1 ng L-1) and was differently fractionated among the groundwaters. The shallowest groundwater, composed of dilute modern Baltic Sea water, was enriched in the heavy REEs, whereas the deeper groundwaters, dominated by old saline water, were depleted in the heavy REEs. Deployment periods varying from 1 to 4 weeks delivered similar REE concentrations, indicating stability and reproducibility of the experimental set-up. The study finds that 1 week of deployment may be enough. However, if the overall setting and construction allow for longer deployment times, 2-3 weeks will be optimal in terms of reaching reliable REE concentrations well above the detection limit while maintaining the performance of the DGT samplers.
Many efforts have been made to increase the use of ecodesign in product design projects. Still, ecodesign methods are not applied as often as wanted from sustainability perspectives. New methods and procedures are often considered a risk by the individuals that are meant to use and implement the new methods. Organisational complexity, lack of cooperation, lack of tools, lack of internal communication and lack of management commitment are documented barriers to the use of ecodesign and explain some of the reasons why ecodesign is not used as widely as expected. The perception of the employees and the behavioural barriers they perceive are less studied and there is a need to correlate the perception of the individual to the identified barriers.
This study aimed to identify what factors that inhibited the ecodesign behaviour of the employees by applying the theory of planned behaviour. Nine persons involved in the design process from two companies were included in the study. Q-methodology combined with semi-structured interviews was applied. The statements in the Q-sort were constructed from the theory of planned behaviour so that intention, personal norm, attitude, habits, subjective norm and perceived control each had a set of statements.
The results showed that the participants were positive in their attitude towards ecodesign. They also had strong personal norms and showed intention to use ecodesign in their work. On the lower side, former habits were not a strong driving force; neither was subjective norm or perceived control. The results indicate that the employees were positive and intended to use ecodesign while they did not find the management commitment and current ecodesign tools and procedures sufficient.
Four discourses were identified; those who were positive towards ecodesign but not inclined to change their current behaviour, those who felt pressure from others to perform ecodesign, those who wanted to take small steps by starting to change internal procedures before talking to the customer and finally those who did not believe there was any chance of success with ecodesign.
Emissions of carbon dioxide, dioxins, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter as well as use of non-renewable resources and energy are some important sustainability challenges for the Swedish steel industry. Much effort has been made, mainly by technical solutions, which to a high degree have decreased the emissions during the last 30 years.
Technical solutions however will not be sufficient to reach sustainable development, stakeholder involvement is also necessary. Stakeholder theory states that stakeholder involvement must include a dialog between the stakeholders involved and the operation. The first step in this process is to identify which key issues the stakeholders find most important and then the organisation needs to start interact with its stakeholders. This thesis deals with such issues.
Stakeholder preferences for environmental issues were assessed with conjoint analysis, Q-methodology and focus group discussions. The theory of planned behaviour was used to assess how attitudes were connected to background factors and a potential pro-environmental behaviour.
Five studies have been carried out in the framework of this thesis. The studies include: a literature review, method evaluation, evaluation of environmental objectives in stakeholder groups, screening of relevant factors, evaluation of steel environmental characteristics, identification of barriers to the introduction of new materials and the impact of worry and risk perception on strategic environmental decisions.
It can be concluded that the methods applied in the studies work well in eliciting preferences. It has been possible to show how different stakeholder groups as well as individuals prioritise environmental objectives and sustainability issues. Since individuals within a stakeholder group vary considerably in preferences, the results from this thesis show the importance of illustrating results on an individual level instead of the traditional group level. Also, a method has been tested where the results were brought back to the respondents in order to stimulate discussions between different stakeholder groups.
Any organisation or company that want to bring about a change in the process, procedures or internal organisation encounters the issue of training the staff. Training is commonly used to increase dedication in specific issues for example environmental issues, energy saving or enhancing the overall competence of the staff.
When working with environmental- or energy issues, the attitude of the employees is often considered one of the most important factors for the outcome.
In this paper two different studies are compared. In both studies training has been included as a background factor in a conjoint analysis study.
The first study concerns preferences for new materials, in this case advanced high strength steel. The respondents were asked to rank eight alternative steel containers and the results, (preferences) were compared to any previous training the individual respondent had.
The same procedure was taken in study number two where employees at a paper & pulp industry was asked to rank eight alternative processes with different environmental impacts. Also here the respondents were asked to state any previous training and the preferences was compared to previous training.
It has not been possible to show any significant connection between preferences in a specific issue and training in the same area. However, it would be interesting to use the method to measure the effect of training on preferences before and after a specific training session.
Sustainable development is an important issue for the industry in order to fulfil legislation requirements and to be able to use green marketing as a competitive advantage. The Swedish steel industry has implemented a large number of environmental improvements, for example, within energy efficiency, raw materials and recyclability. Technical improvements can help the industry decrease its environmental impact; however, in order to reach sustainable development, more factors need to be considered: an effective environmental decision-making process, for example. This process may be influenced by personal factors such as risk perception and worry, which are factors that will not contribute to an effective decision-making process. The aim of this study was to investigate if personal worry and risk perception influenced environmental decision-making within the Swedish steel industry. Thirty-eight interviews were performed at 10 Swedish steelworks using the Q-methodology. The major perceived environmental risks with the facility and personal worry were assessed, compared to the day-to-day work. It was concluded that the major perceived risks were emissions of carbon dioxide, use of non-renewable energy and emissions of particulate matter. The decision-makers were mainly worried about emissions of carbon dioxide, emissions of dioxin and use of non-renewable energy. The environmental issues that were prioritised in practice (day-to-day work) were emissions of carbon dioxide, emissions of particulate matter and emissions of metals. Even though emissions of carbon dioxide were given the highest priority in the Q-sorts, there was in general no clear relationship between risk perception and personal worry with the prioritised environmental issues at the steelworks. The quantitative analysis of the Q-sorts and the qualitative interviews both showed that the day-to-day work was unaffected by personal worry and risk.
The Swedish steel industry has combined traditional methods such as life cycle analysis with less traditional methods such as preference analysis in order to move towards a closed steel eco cycle. The paper describes the use of conjoint analysis to study preferences of six different stakeholder groups regarding four environmental objectives (reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, reduced use of non-renewable resources, reduced use of non-renewable energy and weight reduction in products) and to identify gaps in preferences between the stakeholder groups. Our results suggested that there was a difference in preference between the stakeholder groups: respondents that were closer to the steel industry favoured all four environmental objectives, while members of public and political decision makers preferred a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. One of the conclusions of our study is that there is a need of improved information to clients and public on the environmental benefits of product weight reduction.
Industrial energy systems are complicated networks where changes in one process influence itsneighboring processes. The network complexity increases if production/use of bio fuel is introduced in anexisting system. Process integration can be a useful tool to study such systems and thus avoid sub optimization.However, changes in an industrial complex do not only influence the technical values of energy and materialefficiency. The social impact is also important and sometimes is comparable to that of technical factors.A process integration project has recently been carried out for a paper mill in northern Sweden with a side viewon future expansion with a bio refinery. An activity to study the social impacts were included through a Conjointanalysis, a stated preference method that combines statistics and interviewing technique.The results indicate that the participants are divided in four groups, the largest group focusing on a change in theprocess towards a bio refinery, the second largest focusing on the local environment. The third and fourth groupboth look at the local forestry, one group wanting to increase local forest production, and one rejecting anincrease.
Handbok som beskriver olika metoder för att ta reda på och analysera vilken inställning människor har till miljön.
En viktig knut att lösa för att kunna nå hållbar utveckling är varför människor beter sig på ett sätt trots att de egentligen vet att de borde bete sig på ett annat sätt. Människors beteende när det gäller miljöfrågor beror på många bakomliggande faktorer och för att nå den hållbara utvecklingen måste vi ge människor möjlighet att bli bekväma med beteenden som är bra för miljön. En viktig pusselbit för att nå dit är att veta hur individer och grupper ställer sig till olika strategiska miljöfrågor. Sådan kunskap kan användas för att anpassa informationskampanjer, skräddarsy utbildningspaket eller undanröja faktorer som riskerar att omintetgöra miljöarbetet.
Metoderna som beskrivs i den här handboken kan användas inom många fler områden än miljö, t.ex. inom marknadsföring eller för att identifiera kunskaps- eller informationsluckor bland den egna personalen eller för att undersöka attityder och synsätt hos olika intressentgrupper.
Handboken är framtagen inom forskningsprogrammet Stålkretsloppet och utgiven av Linnéuniversitetet i Kalmar med stöd från Jernkontoret och Mistra.
Advanced high-strength steels may reduce the use of nonrenewable resources and energy given that the amount of material needed is smaller, compared to traditional steel grades. Still, advanced steel grades are not utilized to the extent that could be expected. This study examines stakeholders' preferences of steel characteristics and perceived barriers to the introduction of new materials. Focus group interviews were used to identify steel characteristics and perceived barriers. Stakeholder preferences of steel characteristics were evaluated through a conjoint analysis; the results showed that low weight was given the highest priority, followed by high impact strength and low price. Low chromium content was the steel characteristic of least interest. Perceived barriers to the introduction of high-strength steel were categorized as technical barriers, knowledge barriers, scrap management barriers, suitability barriers, and cost barriers.
BACKGROUND, AIM AND SCOPE: Conjoint analysis and the related choice-modelling methods have been used for many years in marketing research to evaluate consumer behaviour and preferences for different kinds of product attributes. Recently, the number of applications in environmental science and management has started to grow. Conjoint analysis is found in many different forms, and the environmental studies evaluated in this review display the same range of methods as in other fields. The key characteristic of all these methods is that trade-offs are evaluated by jointly considering a number of important attributes. MAIN FEATURES: This paper is a review of the literature on environmental applications of conjoint analysis and assesses in which environmental area conjoint analysis has been most successful. The method and the design of the studies are reviewed as well. RESULTS: A total of 84 studies were found, dealing with environmental issues that were evaluated by conjoint analysis. The studies concern agriculture, ecosystem management, energy, environmental evaluation, forestry, land management, pollution, products, recreation, environmental risk analysis and waste management. DISCUSSION: Choice experiments seem to have a comparatively stronger position in environmental studies than elsewhere. Most of the environmental applications are related to natural resource management. This is somewhat surprising, but a number of reports have appeared also on product evaluation, which could be a key application area in the future. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to marketing and transportation, the number of environmental conjoint studies is rather small but increasing, and the method has proven to work effectively in eliciting preferences on environmental issues. In environmental issues, experimenters often use choice experiments, especially concerning ecosystem management and environmental evaluations. When it comes to evaluating preferences concerning agriculture, forestry, energy and products, a more traditional approach of conjoint analysis is favoured. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: Two new areas of application are identified in this review--environmental communication and expert elicitation. Conjoint analysis can thus be developed into a useful instrument for environmental risk analysis and communication, both of which are necessary for an efficient approach to risk governance.
The Swedish steel industry has over the past 20 years made substantial efforts to promote energy efficiency and environment protection. However, the dominant part of these investments has been directed to the individual production sites, most of which today have 'solved' their own acute environmental problems. The focus has therefore switched to the properties and performance of the steel products where the evaluation of environmental performance is a complex task that often requires simultaneous consideration of many different attributes.
Conjoint analysis is commonly used in marketing research, to evaluate how consumers appreciate specific attributes in products. It has also been widely used in health care, traffic planning and quality management. Conjoint analysis has also been applied to environmental issues such as energy, recreation, environmental valuation, ecosystem management, consumer preferences to products, public preferences to industrial projects, waste management, and environmental policy development. This previous research has shown that the method is well suited for evaluating environmental issues.
Here we briefly present the methodology and review some papers on environmental applications. It is our intention to use this approach as a tool to integrate environmental considerations into both process and product development within the steel industry.
Zerovalent metals offer decontamination of organic toxins in aqueous medium. In the present study, alumina-based iron and iron-nickel in the presence and the absence of magnetic field for the decontamination of tributyl phosphate (TBP) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) has been compared. TBP decontamination was improved in the presence of zerovalent metals. EDTA decontamination was not enhanced in the presence of zerovalent metals. The decontamination of TBP using iron-based alumina was higher than iron-nickel. The surface interaction on alumina surface, as characterized by attentuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the surface interaction on metallic elements, as characterized by evaluating the magnetic moment values helped to understand the reason for the difference in role of alumina-based iron and iron-nickel on decontamination of TBP and EDTA.
End products of society (e.g. sewage sludge and incineration ashes) can be used as indicators of the use of chemicals in consumer goods. Through upstream work the sources of substances released from goods may be identified before the emissions reach the end products.
This thesis is a result of five studies, of which four were conducted using substance flow analyses (SFA) for silver (Ag), bismuth (Bi) and copper (Cu) reaching sewage sludge. The fifth is an SFA that explores the implications of the presence of As (from CCA-treated wood) in ashes. These studies helped fulfil the specific and overall aims of the thesis; to contribute to the general knowledge on diffuse emissions reflected in end products, by examining emissions of some heavy metals from various societal goods and the implications for end products, in this case sewage sludge and, to some extent, ashes.
The results from the studies, of which four had Stockholm as a study object, show the urban flows and accumulated amounts (stocks) of the heavy metals. The largest sources of the metals Ag, Bi and Cu in sewage sludge were identified to be textiles (Ag), cosmetics (Bi) and brake linings (Cu). For As (in CCA-treated wood) and Cu updated SFAs were performed and compared with earlier studies in order to follow the development and changes in flows over time.
The current use of the heavy metals studied can also be seen as a loss of resources, and as the metals should ideally be recovered as a part of a circular economy, urban and landfill mining as well as recycling are alternatives that need further exploring. The legislation of chemicals in consumer goods was identified as an important step in handling corresponding diffuse emissions.
Bismuth (Bi) and silver (Ag) are used in increasing amounts and are consequently being emitted from various sources and showing high accumulation rates in soils when sewage sludge is applied on arable land. This study aimed to analyze the amounts of Bi and Ag in three cosmetic products (foundation, powder, and eye shadow) in order to study the flows in urban wastewater in Stockholm, Sweden. Analyses showed that Bi was present in very high concentrations (7,000 to 360,000 milligrams per kilogram) in one third of the analyzed foundation and powder samples, whereas Ag concentrations all were below the detection limit. These cosmetic products explained approximately 24% of the measured total Bi amounts per year reaching the WWTP (wastewater treatment plant), making cosmetics a major Bi source, whereas for Ag the corresponding contribution was <0.1% of the measured annual Ag amounts. The results were roughly adapted for Europe and the United States, estimating the Bi flows from cosmetics to WWTPs. On a global scale, these flows correspond to a non-negligible part of the world Bi production that, every year, ends up in sewage sludge, limiting the reuse of a valuable metal resource. From an environmental and resource perspective, foundations and powder products should be considered as significant sources of measured Bi amounts in sludge. This large Bi flow must be considered as unsustainable. For Ag, however, the three analyzed cosmetic products are not a significant source of the total Ag load to WWTPs.
In this study, a substance flow analysis (SFA) for copper (Cu) was conducted, in which theinflow, stock, and outflow (in the form of diffuse emissions to soil and water) for Stockholmwere estimated for 2013 and compared with a previous study from 1995, hence allowing adiscussion on changes over time. A large number of applications containing Cu were analyzed(including power cables, copper alloys, heavy electrical equipment, tap water systems, roofs,cars, various consumer electronics, wood preservatives, and contact cables for the railroad).The results show that the inflow of Cu to Stockholm has increased between 1995 and 2013,both in total and per person, mainly as the result of an increase in heavy electrical equipment,power cables, and cars. The stock remains relatively unchanged, whereas the outflow hasincreased. For the outflow, the emission increase from brake linings is of greatest quantitativeimportance, with an estimated 5.8 tonnes annual emission of Cu to the environment ofStockholm in 2013 compared to 3.9 tonnes in 1995. Given that increasing inflows of limitedresources drive the global demand, continuous monitoring of flows through society andmanagement of outflow routes are crucial, including improvement of national legislationand regional environmental plans as well as efforts to increase resource-use efficiency andrecycling
Silver och vismut är två metaller som på sikt kan anrikas i mark i samband med slamspridning och som därför är prioriterade enligt REVAQ, ett certifieringssystem för svenska reningsverk.
I Naturvårdsverkets förslag till ny författning (slamförordning) föreslås gränsvärden för bland annat silver. Silver är en toxisk tungmetall med antibakteriella egenskaper som ger skadliga effekter på båda människors hälsa och miljö redan vid låga koncentrationer. Vismut är en tungmetall som anses vara "ogiftig" men som också kan ge skadliga effekter vid högre koncentrationer.
En substansflödesanalys utfördes för båda metallerna för att kartlägga inflödet till, stocken (upplagrad mängd i teknosfären) och utflödet från Stockholm under 2012. Avgränsning har gjorts till utflöden som hamnar i avloppsvattnet och på det sättet påverkar Henriksdals reningsverk. Utflödet i substansflödesanalysen blir därmed lika med ett inflöde till reningsverket. Fokus ligger på diffusa utsläpp av silver och vismut, men identifierade punktkällor räknas in i det slutliga resultatet med målet att förklara så mycket som möjligt av de uppmätta halterna av silver och vismut i Henriksdals reningsverk. Källor som har ett utflöde till avfall eller återvinning har inte inkluderats i denna rapport.
För år 2102 uppmättes en tillförsel av 61 kg silver och 116 kg vismut för Henriksdals reningsverk i Stockholm. Källor har identifierats för ca 56 % av uppmätt silver och 49 % av uppmätt vismut i denna studie. De källor med störst bidrag silver bedöms vara textilier (19 %), urin och fekalier (från bland annat amalgamfyllningar och föda) (15 %) samt städprodukter (7 %). För vismut är det kosmetika (23 %), plast (13 %) samt fordonstvättar (9 %) som bedöms vara källor med störst bidrag.
Utifrån erhållna resultat föreslår vi några åtgärder/strategier för reduktion av silver respektive vismut i urbant avloppsvatten. Vi diskuterar även aktörer som har möjlighet/rådighet att genomföra åtgärderna (Svenskt Vatten, avloppsreningsverk, myndigheter, producenter, verksamhetsutövare samt individer/konsumenter). En strategi som föreslås är att myndigheter ska informera och påverka producenter och verksamhetsutövare när det gäller silver och vismut i olika produkter samt verka för ändrad lagstiftning. Producenter kan ta ett eget ansvar att minska silver- och vismutinnehåll i produkter. Två identifierade kunskapsluckor och potentiella källor är silver i städprodukter samt vismut i plast.
Bismuth (Bi) is a heavy metal that over recent years has shown increasing concentrations in sewage sludge in Swedish wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), indicating an increasing Bi use in the society. The high accumulation rate of Bi in soil when sewage sludge is used as fertilizer on arable land is of environmental concern. Bismuth is used in various consumer products to replace lead, but which sources in the society that explain the increasing amount of Bi in sewage sludge in the municipal WWTPs is however unknown. This study aimed to analyze one product group suspected to contain Bi, cosmetics, and three different products were chosen (foundation, powder and eye shadow) in order to study the flows in urban wastewater in Stockholm, Sweden. The chemical analyses showed that Bi was present in very high concentrations (>100 000 mg/kg) in one third of the analyzed foundation and powder samples, while mainly low concentrations were found in eye shadow. These cosmetic products explained approximately 24 % of the measured total Bi amounts reaching the WWTP in 2012, making cosmetics a major Bi source. It is therefore recommended to monitor the Bi concentrations in sewage sludge regularly. Efforts should be made to further examine the sources of Bi to WWTPs and to decrease the emission from Bi in cosmetics to the WWTPs.
As the use of dangerous substances in consumer products increases, these substances may also be found in society's end products, among them sewage sludge. Measuring concentrations in sewage sludge can be a way to reflect the consumption of a substance. By using substance flow analysis, the inflow, stock and outflow of the specific substance to, e.g. a city region, may be analysed. Bismuth is a heavy metal that is found in increasing levels in sewage sludge in Swedish wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and a similar increase cannot be excluded for WWTPs around the world. This study aims to examine possible sources that could explain the amounts measured in one Swedish WWTP. Household products such as cosmetics (24 %) and plastics (14 %) are found to be major sources of Bi measured in sewage sludge. The remaining unidentified amounts in this study (approximately 50 %) are most likely found in effluent waters from industries or sources outside the household. There is, however, no information on measurements of Bi released by industry available and there is no legislation in place that may encourage industry to conduct such measurements.
Point source emission from industrial production processes has been themajor focus of environmental concern in the past. In this article it isargued that the accumulating amount of goods/products in societyshould also be focused on in the future. From these goods substances willsooner or later be leached out to the environment. A case study usingchromium in Sweden is presented in this paper as one example of asubstance that may accumulate in the environment. Total flows ofchromium for the 20th century, based on trade statistics, production ofgoods and persistence of products in the environment are estimated. Itwas found that yearly consumption emissions are higher than the productionemissions, i.e. point source emissions from different industries.
The occurrence and fate of parabens in a greywater system was assessed. The potential for removal of residual paraben concentrations in effluent greywater with chlorine dioxide was also investigated. The influent to the greywater plant was characterised by considerable variation, with concentrations from below the detection limit to 40 μg/L and the five commonly used parabens in consumer products were frequently detected. After the biological treatment only two paraben were detected with concentration from 65–120 ng/L. Chlorine dioxide treatment of the biologically treated effluent with dosages down to 0.75 mg/L resulted in more than 97% reduction of all parabens. Formation of the by-product chloroform was insignificant from the chlorine dioxide treatment.
I takt med att isens utbredning i Arktis minskar ökar potentialen för Nordostpassagen att bli ett alternativ till Suezkanalen. En inledande litteraturstudie identifierar möjliga effekter på miljön vid en kraftig ökning av kommersiell sjöfart längs Nordostpassagen. Resultatet av litteraturstudien diskuteras i intervjuer med tre personer verksamma inom biologi, filosofi och statsvetenskap för att undersöka hur globala förbättringar kan värderas mot lokala skadeverkningar. Litteraturstudien fann att de största miljöeffekterna i Arktis kommer från sjöfartens luftutsläpp, oljespill samt den stressande effekt fartyg har på djurlivet. Globalt sett kan ett ökat användande av Nordostpassagen ge en minskning av sjöfartens koldioxidutsläpp. De intervjuade har delade åsikter om huruvida koldioxidminskningen kan väga upp för de lokala effekterna i Arktis. Vidare önskade de intervjuade se tydlig reglering av eventuell sjöfart i området och att den vinst som genereras av rutten ska bidra till att minska de negativa miljöeffekterna.
This degree project investigated landfills that takes care of municipal solid waste in an area around the Mekong delta, namely An Giang province, Vietnam. The main objective for this study was to provide basic work in order to create a discussion with the local food markets to separate the household's food waste from the rest. Such a discussion is possible to create through collaboration with local authorities and inform or guide stakeholders on how waste management can be improved, out of existing knowledge from Sweden. Therefore, this study aims to illuminate and give knowledge for improvements in questions regarding efficiency, organisation, participation, recycling and opportunities associated with a more efficient waste management system.Since a significant percentage of the household waste generated in Long Xuyen City, An Giang province are organic, the opportunity to convert organic waste into soil amendments was examined. Leachate from one of the landfills in the area was also analysed in order to get further understanding for its composition, focusing on organic parameters.
Intresset för miljö- och hållbarhetsfrågor ökar snabbt. När Linnéuniversitetet och Kalmar kommun bjöd in till Hållbarhetssafari anmälde sig 400 personer, dubbelt så många som arrangörerna hade hoppats på.
Detta är en kvalitativ undersökning om vilken roll MARPOL-konventionen spelar för transportköpare. Vilken miljöhänsyn de tar vid val av transportör och till vilken grad de känner till MARPOL-konventionen och det arbete som besättningen ombord på fartygen utför för att leva upp till dess krav. Det studerade problemet behandlarförståelsen för att miljöarbete, inte bara inom sin egen arbetssektor, utan även inom andra arbetssektorer, är en viktig förståelse för att uppnå ett stort samarbete för miljön.Undersökningen är baserad på en semi-strukturerade metod av öppna intervjuer med fem svenska företag som handlar med varor internationellt och är transportköpare. Undersökningen visar på att transportkostnad på lång sikt, miljöarbete inom transportbolaget och pålitligheten gällande de avsatta leveranstiderna samt den tidigare arbetsrelationen mellan transportköpare och transportbolag, är de faktorer som spelar störst roll vid val av transportör för transportköpare. Samt att ett företag av fem intervjuade, känner till MARPOL-Konventionen och lite av dess arbetskrav som ställs på besättningen ombord på fartygen. Allt arbete med denna undersökning och utvecklingen av dess rapport är genomfört av arbetets författare.
The Parties to the Montreal Protocol are informed by three Panels of experts. One of these is the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP), which deals with two focal issues. The first focus is the effects of UV radiation on human health, animals, plants, biogeochemistry, air quality, and materials. The second focus is on interactions between UV radiation and global climate change and how these may affect humans and the environment. When considering the effects of climate change, it has become clear that processes resulting in changes in stratospheric ozone are more complex than previously believed. As a result of this, human health and environmental issues will be longer-lasting and more regionally variable. Like the other Panels, the EEAP produces a detailed report every four years; the most recent was published as a series of seven papers in 2015 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2015, 14, 1-184). In the years in between, the EEAP produces less detailed and shorter Progress Reports of the relevant scientific findings. The most recent of these was for 2015 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2016, 15, 141-147). The present Progress Report for 2016 assesses some of the highlights and new insights with regard to the interactive nature of the direct and indirect effects of UV radiation, atmospheric processes, and climate change. The more detailed Quadrennial Assessment will bemade available in 2018.
Den idag mest använda biologiska metoden för rening av avloppsvatten är processen som kallas för aktivt slam. Denna är normalt uppbyggd av luftningsbassäng och sedimenteringsbassäng. Kärnan i processen består av mikroorganismer vars sammansättning varierar. Detta beror på en rad olika yttre faktorer. Mikroorganismer bryter ned löst organiskt material i avloppsvattnet och bildar så kallade flockar, som sedan sjunker ner till bassängbottnen i sedimentationssteget. På detta sätt separerar man vattnet ifrån slammet. Det man vill uppnå är så snabb och kompakt sedimentation som möjligt.
Polymerer används i samband med avloppsvattenrening för att förbättra flockbildningen och då speciellt när förutsättningarna för naturlig flockning är nedsatt.
Syftet med den här studien var att laborativt utvärdera ett antal konventionella polymerprodukter och ett miljövänligare alternativ baserad på potatisstärkelse ur effektiv flockning- och sedimenteringssynvinkel. Där resultat för slamvolym, turbiditet och färgtal har vägts mot varandra, samt koncentrationen av polymer och den tid för sedimentering som krävts.
Resultaten har visat att Magnafloc® 919 var den polymer med effektivast och mest optimala egenskaper. Fler polymerer så som t.ex. Magnafloc® 455 hade snarlika resultat, men krävde en högre koncentration av flockningsmedlet, vilket gör Magnafloc® 919 till det bättre alternativet. Resultaten kommer att ligga till grund för rekommendation av polymerprodukt att testa i fullskala.
Flygindustrin ökar med ca 5 % varje år och prognosen är att det kommer att fortsätta så fram till 2030. Vårt behov av att resa och förflytta oss är stort och oåterkalleligt men samtidigt når utsläpp av växthusgaser hela tiden nya nivåer och klimatförändringar blir allt kännbarare. Flygindustrin världen över genererar, förutom växthusgasutsläpp och buller, en stor mängd avfall från ombordserveringar som idag till största del går till förbränning eller deponi. I den här studien har en undersökning av kabinavfall gjorts för att se vilka olika fraktioner av kabinavfall och vilken mängd som genereras. Kabinavfall från 30 flygplan ankommande till Stockholm Arlanda Airport har sorterats och vägts. Till Stockholm Arlanda Airport ankommer i genomsnitt nära 10 000 flygplan i månaden och deras kabinavfall går till förbränning vid Brista kraftvärmeverk. EU´s lagar om hur matavfall antingen måste förbrännas eller deponeras om det kommer från ett land utanför EUs regler för animaliska biprodukter gör det svårare för flygbolagen att införa system för sortering och insamling ombord. Det finns dock stora miljövinster att göra med återvinning av olika fraktioner kabinavfall. Fraktioner av avfall från flygplan ankommande till Stockholm Arlanda Airport har i den här studien sorterats och vägts och resultatet visar att plast utgör den största delen kabinavfall. Metall (aluminium) är den fraktion som vid återvinning sparar mest energi (95 %) och CO2-utsläpp (95 %) och är tillsammans med delar av plastfraktionen lättast att sortera och återvinna. Flygbolag och flygplatsverksamheter måste gemensamt arbeta för att öka återvinning av avfall men i en konkurrensutsatt bransch som flygbranschen måste miljöfördelarna med återvinning lyftas fram. Strävan för ökad sortering och återvinning tillsammans med minskad avfallsuppkomst måste intensifieras.
The objective of this bachelor's thesis was to get knowledge concerning the trend of small scale hydropower plants and the possibility according the present legislation to use small scale hydropower as energy source in Sweden. The result aims also to conclude if it is possible to get permission for small scale hydropower stations at the river Lyckebyån.
To achieve this, ten legal cases where five of them have been permitted and five of them has been denied license have been examined. These cases were dated between 2010-2016. These have been analyzed from given questions. They may describe the trend of small scale hydropower in Sweden. To examine the cases at Lyckebyån different sources were used, such as literature studies, interviews and by using information from different databases.
The results shows that it is possible to get permission for small scale hydropower production in Sweden today, but it is a complicated process and the result of the probation depends on many factors. The legislation sets high standards and there exist conflicting interests which are against small scale hydropower stations due to their effects on biodiversity. There are both positive and negative environmental consequences of hydropower production at Lyckebyån. However, there are no evident obstacles for permission in Lyckebyån.
Omstruktureringen af kommunerne i forbindelse med amternes nedlæggelse og privatiseringen af det danske samfunds vand- og spildevandsforsyning har givet store omvæltninger og nye udfordringer for mange personalegrupper. I vandbranchen er der derfor i dag et stort behov for individualiseret kompetenceopbygning inden for hele vandets kredsløb, afstrømmet regnvand, overfladevand, grundvand, vandforsyning, spildevandstransport og -rensning samt vandkvalitet og vandhygiejne.
At behovet for efter- og videreuddannelse er stort beror på et skøn baseret på samtaler med fagpersoner i branchen. Desværre foreligger der ikke konkrete behovsopgørelser, og det er også uklart, hvor stor betalingsviljen til kompetenceudvikling er hos virksomhederne og kommunerne.
Der er i dag det samme behov for et kompetenceløft på universitetsområdet, fordi der er sket en markant internationalisering, hvorved mange udenlandske studerende følger engelsksprogede masterprogrammer. På Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU) foregår alle masterkurser på engelsk, og ca. halvdelen af de studerende på DTU Miljø's (Institut for Vand og Miljøteknologi) masterkurser er udenlandske gæstestuderende. Det er i dag en væsentlig opgave/problem at sikre, at disse studerende har de nødvendige faglige forudsætninger, når de starter på de planlagte kurser. Ellers sænkes undervisningsniveauet markant, og ressourceforbruget af hjælpelærere øges. Så også her er der brug for tilbud om individualiseret kompetenceopbygning.
Men også over for de danske studerende er der behov for markante ændringer i undervisningsmetoderne. Der er en klar tendens til, at mange studerende bruger lærebøgerne som referenceværker. En voksende andel af de studerende sidder ikke mere og læser lærebøgerne igennem som i "gamle dage". E-læring kan være et middel til at give effektiv læring til disse mange studerende, der fra barnsben er tilvænnet IT-verdenen.
I fremtiden vil der blive mere utraditionelle undervisningsbehov. Nogle større virksomheder vil i fremtiden skulle satse mere på salg af integrerede løsninger, f.eks. vand- og spildevandsløsninger for hele byområder. Dette kræver, at der er kompetente personer hos bygherrerne til at drive de fremtidige komplekse systemer. Her kan tilbud om uddannelse af bygherrens personale indgå som en konkurrenceparameter i virksomhedernes tilbud. Og netop her vil et fleksibelt e-læringssystem kunne få stor betydning.
Målsætningen for udvikling af e-læringssystemet Water Education ved DTU er at opfylde ovennævnte undervisningsbehov. Projektet er i en udviklingsfase, hvorfor de praktiske erfaringer om udvikling af e-læringsmodulerne og brugernes vurderinger af fordele og ulemper er begrænsede. IT- og Telestyrelsen har medfinansieret projektet og deltaget aktivt i følgegruppemøder.
Flooding from rainwater in megacities around the world is a major problem which is growing even bigger with the scenarios that has been predicted by IPCC. The problem has to be taken care of somehow and one possible solution could be to use the water once it just hit the ground area. This study will show some of the opportunities we have to use runoff water from roofs with local solutions in Gothenburg and analyse quality differences of run off-water with raw water from the river Göta Älv, which today is used as drinking water in Gothenburg. Among some of the existing solutions for rainwater today, for example stone filter and trees, the result will show specifically one solution which is used at Stadsbyggnadskontoret in Gothenburg city center. The results of the run off-water show higher values of metals, nitrogen and phosphorus than Göta Älv and comparison between run off from green roof and run off from other roof materials shows lower values of the same chemical parameters. Since the values are taken from a report which contains schablon values, the results are just symbolic. A hypothetical calculation which shows that one year of estimated volume rainwater on a building example could provide for either 31 people/year total consumption or 100 people/year only for laundry and flushing toilets.
It is often assumed that water consumption is the major route of exposure for fluoride and analysis of water fluoride content is the most common approach for ensuring that the daily intake is not too high. In the present study, the risk of excess intake was characterized for children in households with private wells in Kalmar County, Sweden, where the natural geology shows local enrichments in fluorine. By comparing water concentrations with the WHO drinking water guideline (1.5 mg/L), it was found that 24% of the ca. 4800 sampled wells had a concentration above this limit, hence providing a figure for the number of children in the households concerned assessed to be at risk using this straightforward approach. The risk of an excess intake could, alternatively, also be characterized based on a tolerable daily intake (in this case the US EPA RfD of 0.06 mg/kg-day). The exposure to be evaluated was calculated using a probabilistic approach, where the variability in all exposure factors was considered, again for the same study population. The proportion of children assessed to be at risk after exposure from drinking water now increased to 48%, and when the probabilistic model was adjusted to also include other possible exposure pathways; beverages and food, ingestion of toothpaste, oral soil intake and dust inhalation, the number increased to 77%. Firstly, these results show how the risk characterization is affected by the basis of comparison. In this example, both of the reference values used are widely acknowledged. Secondly, it illustrates how much of the total exposure may be overlooked when only focusing on one exposure pathway, and thirdly, it shows the importance of considering the variability in all relevant pathways.
A high-resolution geochemical profilefrom a 5,500-year-old sediment core of Lake Lehmilampiin eastern Finland was analyzed to study longtermtrends and variability in element concentrationsand accumulation rates. The accumulation rates of allstudied elements followed the same trend, respondingto changes in the total sedimentation rate. Concentrationprofiles differed among elements and showedconsiderable variation over time. Principal componentsanalysis (PCA) was used on the concentrationdata to identify groups of elements that have similargeochemical controls. The first principal componentwas influenced by changes in mineral matter accumulation,and it incorporated elements that areassociated with stable allochthonous minerals (suchas Mg, K, Cs, Rb, Li, Ti and Ga), as well as elementsin forms that become diluted when mineral matterincreases (e.g., S, Fe and Mn). The second and thirdprincipal components showed that a large proportionof the variance was accounted for by elements withcontinuously increasing or decreasing concentrationsrelated to pedogenetical development of the catchmentsoil. In the case of Hg, Pb and Cd, however,accumulation rates increased faster at the surface thanis simply accounted for by changes in total sedimentationrates. For Cu, Cr, Ni and Zn, concentrationsincreased over the past 150 years, but there were noindications of a significant addition due to atmosphericdeposition. These elements had more variableconcentrations before the mid nineteenth century thanafter, as did elements that are often used fornormalization. These findings suggest that lakesediments may not properly reflect the history of atmospheric metal deposition in remote areas.
The importance of a circular economy is today widely accepted and advocated, but among the challenges in achieving this, we find difficulties in the implementation of legislation and policies designed to control various waste streams from society. The example used in this article is wood that has been treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA), which, in Sweden, has been covered by the rules for hazardous waste since 2002. One year later, in 2003, a survey showed that only 42% to 50% of the expected amount of CCA waste could be traced to the public waste management system. An updated material flow analysis for 2010 revealed that the figure had increased to 73%, whereas the fraction of correctly treated CCA wood waste had increased from 11% to 35%. However, almost one third of the expected volume was still not tracable, and half of the amount that was correctly submitted was incinerated together with nontoxic waste fractions. This results in, for example, arsenic contamination of slag and fly ashes that prevents the further use of these residue products. So, despite legislative instruments, there is still an urgent need for an improved collection of hazardous wood waste, as well as better routines for identifying hazardous flows and separating them from nonhazardous ones. For a circular economy to be achievable, a key priority should be to reduce the gap between intended directions and legislation, on one hand, and activities in practice on the other.
In Kalmar and Kronoberg Counties, there are numerous glassworks areas with high levels of arsenic, lead and cadmium in soil and groundwater. To investigate whether metals are leached into drinking water to such an extent that it may constitute a health risk for local inhabitants, 57 water samples were collected from private wells within a radius of 500 m from eight glassworks sites. The results show that concentrations are well below drinking-water criteria in most samples; only three Pb- and one Asanalysis were above these limits. What these results indicate, is that metals that leach from glass waste and can be detected in groundwater around landfill areas, are effectively immobilized as the groundwater flows towards areas where the pollution level of the surrounding solid phase decreases. There is thus reason to focus further efforts toward understanding these sorption mechanisms, in order to take them into account in future risk assessments.


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Children Ministries
Point your kids in the right direction, when they're old they won't be lost – Proverbs 22:6 The Message Bible
The Children Ministry occupies the entire second floor of the campus. A very important ministry alongside a very strong volunteering staff. Sunday worship starts at 10:00am, follow by activities, and lesson plans. We are always looking for helpers. Please contact us if you have any questions or, interested in helping out. For more information, please contact Ruth Kuo at email@example.com

subset: commoncrawl


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CLA awards
February 19, 2007
Posted by Jay Strybis
This last weekend, our new executive board and a few other brothers attended SigEp's Carlson Leadership Academy. CLA is a leadership development program mainly meant to help our chapter executives work effectively.
In addition to the focus sessions, awards from the national fraternity were given out. Indiana Zeta received the following awards:
Manpower Excellence Award (1st in manpower among fraternities on campus)
Scholarship Excellence Award (1st in grades among fraternities on campus)
Phi Beta Kappa Wheelhouse (given to chapters with cumulative GPAs of a 3.15 or higher)
In addition to these chapter awards, last term's president, Sean Jesse was selected to receive our region's J. Edward Zollinger Outstanding Senior Award. This award is given annually to an outstanding senior in each district of SigEp based on scholastic achievement, fraternity and campus leadership, and community involvement.
Proud as hell of our accomplishments from last year and Sean Jesse's contributions to our chapter and the community.


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Finding the Right Coach to Help Close the Gap in Life and Business
As you navigate the journey of business ownership, you will undoubtedly reach a roadblock that stops you in your tracks and halts your momentum toward progress and growth. Even though you didn't put the roadblock there (or did you?), it's your responsibility to find a way to move what's standing in your way and build reinforcements that allow you to continue moving forward.
In today's Salon Owners Collective podcast episode, I'm chatting with Joel Bouzaid, who among his most important roles as husband and father, is also a personal growth coach and speaker who helps people experience full clarity of their potential.
In this episode, Joel and I discuss:
- The unique role a coach plays within the overall support team in your personal and professional life, and how they can help you achieve greater success.
- Joel's top three steps to finding the right coach that actually come before ever reaching out to one.
- The true quality that lies at the heart of coaching and how you can identify whether you and a coach will be a great fit together.
- Why YOU might be the roadblock in your way, but why you're also likely to be the solution for moving it.
- How to hone in on what it is you truly need help with when closing the gap between where you currently are and where you want to be both personally and professionally.
Click here to learn more about Joel and how he coaches his clients to live their life by design, create their legacy, and raise their greatness.
Get his FREE guide to discover "How to Be Real and Full Express Yourself" by clicking here.


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1h 30m | Documentary
Interviews with Bruce Lee's family and friends are featured in this documentary about the martial artist-turned-actor who was voted as one of the most important people of the 20th century by Time magazine. The film uncovers Bruce's life, his impact on the world of martial arts, his legacy, his entry into the world of entertainment and his tragic and sudden death at the age of 32.
|Pete McCormack
|Network Entertainment
|Derik Murray
|Official Site:


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|Top Online Data Backup Rankings
MELVILLE, N.Y., February 16, 2016 – /BackupReview.info/ – FalconStor Software ® Inc. (NASDAQ: FALC), a 15-year innovator of software-defined storage solutions, today announced that it has signed Innovative Solutions Consulting Inc. (ISC) to be the first managed service provider (MSP) partner in the United States to sell FreeStor® in 1TB increments. This agreement expands the reach of the company's converged, hardware-agnostic, software-defined storage and data services platform to support organizations from the SMB community through the enterprise.
Based outside of Kansas City, Missouri, Innovative Solutions Consulting Inc. provides high-quality IT products and services to carrier and enterprise-level organizations. The company offers a wide variety of services tailored to exceed its clients' IT requirements, including managed, professional, cloud and IT procurement services. With more than 25 years of experience working with customers across a wide variety of industries, ISC prides itself on providing its clients with unique custom solutions offering elasticity and scalability to satisfy their future IT needs.
As a long-time reseller and integrator of FalconStor products, Innovative Solutions sees FreeStor as a groundbreaking solution for its customers because it integrates the company's entire suite of data management tools into a single product for a single, pay-as-you-grow price. ISC CTO, Mardy Martin, believes the flexibility FreeStor offers over competitive point-solutions makes it ideally suited for overcoming limitations of vendor lock-in, forklift upgrades, and cloud-based security issues.
"FreeStor is an incredible opportunity for us to be able to offer a software-defined storage technology that will allow our customers to use a platform that has been recognized globally for its excellence," said Mardy Martin, CTO of Innovative Solutions Consulting, Inc. "FreeStor gives MSPs the ability to manage the product in their cloud infrastructure or the customer's environment. It gives us the flexibility to manage customers' entire environment completely, or just a portion of it, or in being the one they call in a managed services support model. It resolves a real issue within the mid-market around the need to continually invest in additional equipment to maintain and grow their environments. FreeStor eliminates the need for this by extending capabilities on existing hardware and by being the most open software-defined storage platform on the market today."
FreeStor's horizontal architecture unlocks a new world of storage opportunities, allowing IT managers, MSPs and CSPs to maximize efficiencies and lower costs while taking advantage of the public cloud, hybrid cloud, flash storage and software-defined storage. FalconStor's groundbreaking Intelligent Abstraction® approach delivers seamless access and unified data services across entire storage infrastructures without having to invest in new technology, or rip and replace existing platforms. Always-on availability and continuity keep businesses running while enabling them to move, synchronize and protect data seamlessly across virtual and physical storage platforms.
"As we continue to expand the footprint of FreeStor throughout the world, we look at our MSP partners as the ideal ambassadors for advancing our message. There is no better way for organizations to gain greater efficiencies, reduced downtime, lower costs and improved simplicity from their IT infrastructures," said Gary Quinn, FalconStor President, and CEO. "Innovative Solutions has the passion and experience for providing innovative technology to its customer base. We are pleased to partner with them as the first MSP in the U.S. to offer FreeStor in as small as 1TB increments."
About Innovative Solutions Consulting, Inc.
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FalconStor, FalconStor Software, FreeStor, and Intelligent Abstraction are trademarks or registered trademarks of FalconStor Software, Inc., in the U.S. and other countries. All other company and product names contained herein may be trademarks of their respective holders.
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Nov 20th Network Issues: Data Center
We currently have all customers back online. We will continue to monitor the situation. If you are having continued issues please let us know through the support ticket system. All the best,SKGOLD Hostinghttp://www.skgoldhosting.com ======================= Servers are still coming up at this time. It is taking a little more time then we'd like, ... Read More »


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Personal genomics company 23andMe is now offering a discount of $200 for customers who buy three or more kits before December 31st.
In a press release the company explains the reasoning behind the price cut:
By offering this discount, 23andMe hopes to encourage families, in particular, to explore the unique features of the 23andMe Personal Genome Service™ that are of special interest to people who are related. These features allow family members to learn how genetically similar they are and how genes were passed down from grandparents to grandchildren.
Still unconvinced? Just imagine the heart-warming sound of your entire family spitting into plastic tubes on Christmas morning. Now that is the sound of the 21st century Christmas...
Example photo only. Results of buying a 23andMe kit for your children may vary from the scenario depicted.
Subscribe to Genetic Future.


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Wedding images shot on five continents for the Lilypad Agency, a photojournalist collective specializing in destination and quirky weddings.
Named Best of The Knot, wedding work has also been featured in People Magazine, Wedding Lovely, PetaPixel, Gayweddings.com, Equal and Forever, Luxe, Bridal Pulse, Florida Bride, Inspired Bride, Style Me Pretty, A Touch of Modern and many, many more.
Easter Island, Chile
Arusha, Tanzania
Bennington, Vermont
Troy, New York
Eleuthera, Bahamas
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Joshua Tree, California
Brooklyn, New York
Lewes, Delaware
Mexico City, Mexico
New York, New York
Westchester, New York
Tampa, Florida
Baltimore, Maryland
Bali, Indonesia
Valladolid, Mexico
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
San Diego, California
Boston, Massachusetts
Scranton, Pennsylvania.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Eleuthera, Bahamas
New York, New York
Florence, Italy
Hoh Rainforest, Washington
Asheville, North Carolina
New York, New York


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You've seen the sneak preview, now it's time for a few more shots of this year's version of the plastic animal display. Since December was so warm and snowless I made two winter scenes with fake snow and ice.
A couple people pointed out to me that the scene wasn't scientifically accurate, as polar bears and penguins live at opposite ends of the world. Neither person mentioned the alien frozen under the ice, so I guess that was realistic.
Photos from 2005:
First Glimpse at Holiday Decorations
Holiday Display Modifications
More Animals
End of the Display
Photos from 2003:
Seasonal Decorations
A quick fly-around
More animals
Plethora of Pigs Panorama
The photos on here used to be really tiny!


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Encouraging words of the day:
In that way, you will be acting as true children of your Father in heaven. For he gives his sunlight to both the evil and the good, and he sends rain on the just and the unjust alike. ~Matthew 5:45.
Well, Scarlet, after all...."tomorrow is another day".....pretty flowers........I am still waiting for my package so I can make my flower for today.......
I feel like all is right with the world when I look at your Wednesday flowers (on Thursday here in Australia). In fact I found myself thinking yesterday "Oh I'm stressed out - I need Irene's One Flower Wednesday" Love the colours of the flowers. And love J-6. Lookingforward to reading about the civil war quilts.
I think anything that can wait for tomorrow, should just do that. Love your progress in all things.
Beautiful hexies flowers and how many dear jane blocks have you got?
Can´t wait to see your Civil war blocks.Happy sewing!
Your new quilt sounds interesting. Wonderful flowers, really love the pink one and how can you not love a DJ with character and I love the way J-6 turned out!
My thought is the blocks in Jane are so small and there are SO many of them that if someone is looking for my (MANY) errors then they are not appreciating the HOURS of work that went into her!!! I love you blocks!
I am so envious that you are keeping up with your DJ blocks. I think they are lovely and once set into the entire quilt they will look perfect.
Pretty flowers as always! And well done on keeping up with the quilt blocks... very organised of you!


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For those who can't make the late night section of the Record Store Day celebrations in Cork city this weekend or simply would prefer to suck in some healthy sea air, here is a chance to win some tickets to The Church, which takes place that same day in Kinsale, Co. Cork.
St. Multose Church provides the beautiful location for a local fundraiser (in aid of Sáile community centre), in turn providing the perfect platform for Declan O'Rourke's beefy baritone. Leeside lady of laughter herself, Maeve Higgins steps in as MC on a night that will also feature slide-guitar player Clive Barnes.
Tickets are priced at €25 but, to give yourself a chance of winning a couple of tickets to The Church, all you have to do is send a nice email to firstname.lastname@example.com containing :
- a subject of 'The Church'
- your full name
- your mobile number
The winner will be announced on Friday, April 20th. Closing date is 11.59pm (or 23.59) on Thursday, April 19th.
- Declan O'Rourke, Maeve Higgins and Clive Barnes play St. Mulrose Church, Kinsale (Co. Cork) Saturday, 21st April
- Tickets are priced at €25 and available on the night or on tickets.ie
Follow on: Facebook -- Twitter -- Pinterest -- Mixcloud -- This Is My Jam


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Alpha prides itself in letting developers build extremely rich data-driven applications without having to code. This is achieved through a process whereby the developer declares to one of Alpha's many components (by selecting from a very complete and extensive list of properties,) what behaviour he or she wants to "program" into their application. However through many years of experience in building software that is designed to empower developers and let them complete their applications as effeciently and quickly as possible, we know that developers want to have complete confidence that they can code (at the client side, at the server side and at the database level) when and if they need to. This ability to use Alpha at both a very low high level of "programming" through the selection of properties in a component or at a very low level by coding is one of the core strengths of Alpha. Below is a very simple video showing the programming of the classic "hello world" example in the UX component of Alpha.
More information on XBasic in Alpha Five v11.
More information on Action Javascript and Javascript and .Net support is shown here on the Wiki
Also this thread on the Alpha message board shows how Alpha customers appreciate the ability to achieve productivity through the high level components in Alpha, but also like the fact that Alpha lets them code if and when they want to or need to in order to get a very specific result or behavior.
|UX Component
|Very Basic Programming Concepts - The 'Hello World' Example
|Many books that teach programming languages start with the ubiquitous 'Hello World' example in which they teach you how to put some text on the screen. In this video we show you how you can write text to a label control on the UX component. The example is very simple, and you can think of it as the 'Hello World' example of the UX component.The video then goes a little further and shows how data can be read from a List control to compose the message that is put in the label.Watch Video - Part 1 Watch Video - Part 2


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Hiking Boots Shoes Leisure Special Shoelaces Canvas Durable Shoelace
Multi-colors Hiking Work Combat Boot Leisure Special Shoes Laces Canvas Durable These shoelaces are incredibly durable and strong. It will not get mold or mildew. And the movement shoelaces are perfect for military and law enforcement personnel, construction workers (incredibly resistant to concrete wear), hunters, hikers and alike. The lace ends are done using a fusing process so there are no problems with the ends coming undone or breaking off like typical boot laces often do Specification: Material: Canvas Weight:14g Size:120cm(L)/4mm(D) Color:Yellow, Dark yellow, Black and white, Blue, Dark coffee,Dark blue, Red,White and gray, Black and gray Features: 1.Dedicated shoelaces of hiking dhoes 2.Suitable for a variety of outdoor climbing shoes and sneakers 3.Incredibly durable and strong 4.A fusing process was used by lace ends 5.Classic laces for work boots,will not get mold or mildew 6.Glue-coated ends which can be bended without damage,more durable 7.More environmental-friendly that made without aglets 8.Also available for different boots, such as hiking boot,work boot,combat boot or leisure shoes,special shoes Note: Since the size above is measured by hand, the size of the actual item you received could be slightly different from the size above. Meanwhile, please be reminded that due to lighting effects, monitor's brightness contrast settings etc,there could be some slight differences in the color tone of the pictures and the actual item Package includes: 1 x a pair of shoelaces


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- PTSD in Teachers: Yes, It's Real! - August 19, 2018
- Teacher Anxiety: How to Cope With Anxiety Under Stress - July 29, 2018
- Depression Kills Teachers if Left Untreated: It Should Not Kill Their Careers - July 23, 2018
- Amidst Declining Mental Health in Teachers, What Can Administrators Do? - June 30, 2018
- 5 Things I'd Tell Myself in My Earlier Teaching Years - October 15, 2017
- How Class Dojo Saves My Sanity Daily - October 1, 2017
- Surviving the School Year: Game of Thrones Style - August 27, 2017
- What to Change Behavior? Start With Class Meetings in Special Education - August 20, 2017
- When Your Administrator Doesn't Like You - July 3, 2017
- Conquering Teacher Biases Against Disabilities: Important Strategies - May 8, 2017
No significant learning can occur without a significant relationship.
— James Comer
Take a moment to think about this James Comer quote. No significant learning can occur without a significant relationship. In other words, learning is about relationships. But if that's the case, we'd better get to work on that, right? Or does that relationship begin to build from day one? Can you change a relationship gone horribly wrong? I'd argue that you can, but you'd better be ready for some hard work and some tongue-biting. School leader Rita Pierson argues in her famous TED Talk that an essential part of our job as teachers is to support, encourage, and build relationships with our students.Learning is about relationships. Click To Tweet
What's in a good relationship?
Have you every read 7 Habits of Highly Effective People? It's an oldie, but a goodie. I read it last year when I struggled to build relationships with the students I worked with, which means that I, like you, am no expert. But I try. And one of Steven Covey's most popular quotes is this:
It's about how you handle when things go wrong
What's the first thing you do when you believe you see a kid talking or otherwise doing something "wrong" in the classroom? Do you…
- Yell at him or her to stop talking
- Ask what's going on in a voice that shows you genuinely would like to understand
- Ask what's going on in an accusatory tone
If you're seeking first to understand, you start with the second statement. But you're not perfect and sometimes you get rattled, which is why it's important to have a thick enough skin to do something else once you initiate a verbal altercation unintentionally. Apologize. And Rita mentions in her video how off-guard students are taken when an adult apologizes to them. You may think that apologizing lowers your credibility in the eyes of the students, but I once had a student thank me for taking responsibility for when I make mistakes. You don't have to bow down on your knees, but take the moment to come back to the student personally and say, "Hey. I think we both could have handled that better. I'm sorry that I…" and give it time. Don't always expect immediate results, but be sincere about it at least. It may be a week and you may get a crumpled up letter in your seat, but I guarantee most students will reciprocate.
It's about how you build self-esteem and achievement
You will have students that hate your class because they've never done well in your subject and they think they never will. Building a growth mindset can help with that. So can trust, in fact, Stephen Covey also wrote the following:
The first job of any leader is to inspire trust. Trust is confidence born of two dimensions: character and competence.
Character includes your integrity, motive, and intent with people.
Competence includes your capabilities, skills, results, and track record. Both dimensions are vital.
In fact, let's go deeper. Covey actually lists 13 behaviors of high-trust leaders worldwide! As it happens, these are all behaviors we can exhibit as leaders in the classroom to develop good relationships. They are as follows;
1. Talk Straight
2. Demonstrate Respect
3. Create Transparency
4. Right Wrongs
5. Show Loyalty
6. Deliver Results
7. Get Better
8. Confront Reality
9. Clarify Expectation
10. Practice Accountability
11. Listen First
12. Keep Commitments
13. Extend Trust
Don't all students crave teachers who give it to them straight while demonstrating respect, creating transparent expectations, righting what's wrong, remaining loyal to them (like, attend a game once in a while…), delivering positive results, striving to get better, confronting reality head-on, clarifying expectations (patiently), practicing personal accountability, listening first, keeping commitments (don't say what you don't intend to do), and extending trust? What a great guide! If they trust you, when you try to instill a growth mindset, there will be more buy-in, which means more achievement.
It's about how you show you care
Building relationships with students helps show them that you really care. But you can accomplish showing that you care in probably a thousand different ways. Here is a list of 12 different ways to show you care:
- Go to sports events to watch them play. Events can really build relationships.
- Say "hello" or "good morning/good afternoon" as they come to your door.
- Ask them about their day and listen and ask questions.
- Let them be right, even if you think they're not, if it's not that big of a deal.
- Listen when they talk. Really listen. Without doing anything else.
- They like to help. Let them.
- If you have a kid that's always hungry, find a way to give him/her food.
- Randomly, without prompting, tell them you appreciate them for being themselves.
- Noticing the student is having a bad day? Try asking, "How are you…really?"
- Share their pain when they have it. Hold their proverbial hand, wipe their tears, and be their shoulder to lean on.
- See their potential and encourage them to pursue their dreams.
- Forgive something they did that hurt you without needing to hear the words "I'm sorry."
It's like Rita Pierson says, "Every kid needs a champion." Will you take the time to build relationships in the classroom? Whose champion will you be today?


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The state of Florida allows for residents or visitors of the state that may have received a traffic violation, an opportunity to have the citation dismissed. The program is available upon approval and acknowledgement from the county clerk of where the citation was issued. In other words, to be certain the person can take the course it is strongly advised they contact the county clerk first within 30 days of receiving the citation.
Mostly anyone is available to complete the 4 Hour Basic Driver Improvement Course (BDI), and when the driver falls under the guidelines below the person is said to take the course for "Elected Purposes or "Student Elected." The other two reasons for taking the course are Traffic Collision Avoidance Course (TCAC) and Court Ordered.
Lastly individuals that are ordered to take the course by a county are simply "Court Ordered." These individuals simply need to take the course because the county is demanding they complete the course.
After a person completes the course they must submit the information back to the county or the FLHSMV within the given deadline imposed upon the driver. The time may vary with each county and the, but it usually falls between 60 to 90 days.
If the driver or motorists fails to complete the course within the time given, they will likely have to pay additional fines and risks getting their driver's license suspended. It is very important that a person that opts to take a traffic course completes it as intended.