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Well I have been without cable and internet for awhile now. We had some bad thunderstorms come through last Sunday night and we have been without cable since…not that I am complaining since a lot of our neighbors have been without power that whole time as well! Still adjusting to our new family dynamics and figuring out what works for us…but overall, everything is going well and Eli is doing a great job at being a Big Brother. Granted thanks to family, I have really yet been with both kids for very long on my own. I am very grateful for all of their support and help…makes figuring out the breastfeeding rhythm for Adilane and I a little easier when I don't have to worry about what Elijah is doing. But I think I am ready to start doing things on my own and getting into our own routine...although I will probably regret saying that! :)
Since Adilane came 3 weeks early, I had to cancel a Stamp Nite Out that I had planned for May, but I was able to reschedule it for a week ago. It went great and I think all of the ladies had fun. I figured I would show off the projects that I had them do.
I wanted to showcase the Flower Fusion flowers, so I copied and altered an idea I saw on Stampin' Gal Val's blog for a card that really shows them off. It utilizes very little stamping, which obviously draws attention to the flowers. Not knowing which color flowers they would choose to use, I kept the base of the card black and white so that the color was coming from the flowers. Add a little faux stitching and some ribbon and I think we have a beautiful card!
The Engineering Details
Stamps - Paint Prints (retired); Paper - Basic Black, Whisper White; Ink - Old Olive, Rose Red marker; Accessories - Flower Fusion Flowers, Old Olive 5/8" Grosgrain Ribbon, Mat Pack, Paper Piercer, Black Brad, Slot Punch, Corner Rounder Punch, Dimensionals, Sponge
I loved this Onesie card idea when I saw it on Lauren Meader's blog while back (wow is that girl amazing!) and I knew that I wanted to share it with my customers. It is a very easy card to make (assuming you have the two punches you need), but it is so adorable! I made it yellow so that it would not be sex specific. I utilized some shimmery white cardstock for around the neckline, leg openings, and sleeves and then added 3 silver brads at the base to act like the snaps at the bottom of a onesie.
The Engineering Details
Stamps - Wild About You, Everyday Flexible Phrases; Paper - Barely Banana, Shimmery White; Ink - Craft White, So Saffron; Accessories - White embossing powder, 1-3/8" Circle Punch, Scallop Circle Punch, Silver Brads, Cutter with scoring blade, scissors, ruler, pencil, heat gun
Alright, so have I told you how much I love Lauren Meader's ideas (seriously, you need to check out her blog)…well I took another idea from her for Father's Day…which by the way, totally snuck up on me somehow! Anyway, I loved the little toolbox she made so I took her instructions and made a card to match. I loved the woodgrain look that I got just by dragging Chocolate Chip, Close to Cocoa, and Creamy Caramel across some Kraft cardstock. If there is any interest out there, I could put together a tutorial on how to do this…I didn't create the idea myself, but I have no idea where I saw it at. Then I added some awesome measuring tape ribbon from Michael's and the perfect "Man" set was created. Who would of thunk that the set A Beautiful Thing could be used for a guy card?!
The Engineering Details
Stamps - A Beautiful Thing, All Year Cheer II (retired); Paper - Ballet Blue, Kraft, Basic Black, Very Vanilla; Ink - Chocolate Chip, Close to Cocoa, Creamy Caramel, Ballet Blue, Basic Black; Accessories - Tag Corner Punch, Ticket Corner Punch, Pewter Brads, Measuring Tape Ribbon (Michael's), Scissors, Wood Pencil, Glue Dots, Dimensionals, Cutter with Scoring Blade
Saturday, June 14, 2008
My Stamp Nite Out
Posted by Andrea at 8:24 PM
Labels: card, stamp camp
1 comment:
- mel m. m. mccarthy said...
Love all of these! Your woodgrain is astoundingly brilliant. How gorgeous! :0)
- June 19, 2008 at 8:13 PM
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Sustainable Development Goals: the case of Pakistan
Third world countries lag behind the developed world primarily because of shortsightedness in policy formulation regarding development. The development policies unfortunately revolve around myopic thinking of re-election to stay in power and the true meaning of development is lost in the process. This is a dilemma of many countries like Pakistan where development is confined to developing physical infrastructures and that too at the cost of well-being of the people.
Global development agenda either set by United Nations Organizations (UNO) or any other organization are always blessings in disguise for the countries where holistic development programmes do not catch the sight of those at the helm of affairs. It forces and motivates the third world countries to craft their development programmes in tandem with global development goals and targets. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have replaced the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in September 2015 to be achieved by 2030.The SDGs are global set of goals- 17 goals- aimed at addressing all the three important dimensions of development-social, economic and environmental.
The MDGs have been instrumental in triggering the global efforts to reduce poverty in the developing world in the period 2000-2015. The MDGs played a significant role in the overall development worldwide, but all the targets could not be achieved. Much needs to be done in Africa and Asia when it comes to poverty, illiteracy, maternal mortality, combating HIV/AIDS and environment. For example presently 1 billion people, according to the World Bank, still live on less than $1.25 a day and more than 800 million people do not have enough food to eat. Majority of these people reside in Africa and Asia.
The stark difference between MDGs and SDGs is of application and scope. The SDGs, compared to MDGs, are universal in nature. Sustainability of the development programmes is not something that the developing world relates to, it is equally important for the developed world as well. The development must be sustained for the future generations. So the SDGs are now applicable to each UN member state and this very nature of these global goals offers unique opportunity to work collectively for their attainment.
Pakistan failed terribly to achieve the MDGs. There are 9.8 million stunted children in Pakistan and the country is ranked third in the world with the greatest number of children with stunted growth. According to an estimate, 45 percent of the children in the country are stunted and 39 percent do not have access to decent sanitation. According to Multidimensional Poverty Index, 4 out of 10 Pakistanis, 39 percent, are poor. More than 40 percent of the people lack access to clean drinking water. Literacy rate is 60 percent which is the lowest in the region. So far as environment is concerned, Pakistan is one of the top ten countries in the world who are baldy hit by global warming and climate changes.
Amid these circumstances SDGs gain more importance for us. Learning lessons from the MDGs experience, the government needs to devise an over-arching policy by liaising with all the stakeholders. Albert Einstein once dubbed insanity as doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results. In order to develop different policy to achieve different results, the government must take the following points into consideration.
Firstly, after the 18th amendment, social sector development rests with the provinces. The federal government being the signatory of the SDGs must liaise with the provincial governments. Ministry of planning, development and reform should also coordinate with other federal ministries regarding the implementation of SDGs. This must be taken as a collective responsibility by all the stakeholders. Earlier this collectivity was missing in case of MDGs. This must not be repeated if we are interested in achieving the goals.
Secondly, reliability of data is a matter of great concern for the policy-makers and researchers. Reliable data is an important instrument to know the present standing. It also helps to fix problems. Sadly the last Census in the country was held 18 years ago. It was only in 2016 that Pakistan gave its official figure of poverty since 2005-06. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics needs to come out of slumber by providing reliable data so that we may stand sure-footed while analyzing the problems facing the country.
Thirdly, MDGs were taken as externally imposed agenda. Had the government been serious in attaining them, the results would have been entirely different. Keeping in view the socio-economic indicators, the SDGs should be taken as an opportunity to pay heed to much-neglected development programmes addressing all the essentials of the sustainable development. The government should make the SDGs indigenous agenda, and all the stakeholders should show unflinching commitment to achieve them by 2030.
Fourthly, the government should involve private sector as well. Public-private partnership has been very successful in different fields. Therefore the government must not hesitate to join hands with the private sector especially in the areas where private sector is well-placed to come up with meaningful contribution.
Last but not least, the leading political parties should also respond to SDGs. As the election 2018 is not that far, the parties should incorporate the global development goals in their manifestoes. This exercise will sensitize the political workers and the public about the importance of the SDGs. If incorporated, the political parties will stand committed to move towards their attainment. As the world community is determined to extend support to the developing countries to achieve the global development goals, the ruling political elite and other stakeholders should not miss the opportunity to yank the country and the people out of dark valley of backwardness and poverty to the highway of development and prosperity.

subset: commoncrawl


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First appearing over 80 years ago in the 1930's the Montegrappa Ducale range has been revived with a modern twist for today's pen lovers. Ducale draws its name from the well know Doge's Palace, a Venetian masterpiece and one of the symbols of the city of Venice.
Finely crafted from luxury resin this Montegrappa Ducale fountain pen is available in solid black with sumptuous rose gold or sleek palladium trims or a pearly brown with 18kt rose gold trims. A perfect cherished gift for new graduates or recently promoted family members this luxury fountain pens has a timeless elegance yet modern up to date style.
- Cartridge or converter filling system
- 18KT rose gold plated or palladium trim finish
- Fine, medium or broad nib
- Presented in luxury gift box
- Montgrappa manufacturer's warranty
Delivery & Returns
Delivery & Returns
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If you need quicker delivery, we offer a Royal Mail Next Day Delivery. Please feel free to call us if you have any questions as many items can be posted via next day delivery:
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Today the State Department is releasing another dump of those long-awaited emails from Hillary Clinton's server. According to Ed Henry about 150 of those non-deleted Hillary Clinton emails that will be released tonight will have some classified information on them. Henry said more than 7,000 pages of Clinton's official email would be released around 9 p.m. EDT.
"We're now learning the most important piece of information of all, which is about 150 of these Clinton emails that will be released in this batch have some classified information in them, so they will be blacked out, redacted. Why is that significant? Well, to recap, the State Department had already told us there were at least 63 emails with some classified information in them based on the previous three months of information emails they had released every 30 days. This is big. About 150 emails with classified information, we're told."Remember the former Secretary of State first said there was no classified information on the server, then it was there was no information that was classified at the time, and the latest excuse is there was noting with a classified label on her server.
According to one expert it is impossible for classified information to move from a secure server to an insecure server accidentally.
"It is hard to move classified documents into the non-classified system. You couldn't move a document by mistake," said Willes Lee, a former operations officer for the U.S. Army in Europe and former operations officer for the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
State Department spokesman Alec Gerlach confirmed the two systems don't connect. "The classified and unclassified system are separate and you cannot email between the two," Gerlach told Fox News.
(...) So if the Clinton denial is to be believed, individuals in her inner circle would have simply typed or scanned classified information into a non-classified system without regard for its contents. In this case, emails would have started in, and stayed in, the unclassified system -- albeit improperly, based on the findings of the intelligence inspector general.
But if it turns out emails literally jumped from the classified to the non-classified system -- something the State Department claims cannot happen -- it would seem to point to Clinton's staff going to great lengths to create a work-around to do so.
A government employee doing so would commit numerous felonies, according to Bradford Higgins, who served as assistant secretary of state for resource management and chief financial officer from 2006-2009. "A violation, in addition to criminal charges and potential prosecution, would likely mean that person who committed the breach would never again be given a security clearance," Higgins said.


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How I became a Paralympian: Lex Gillette
Lex Gillette, seen competing in the long jump at the 2013 International Paralympic Committee Athletics World Championships, has three silver medals in the men's long jump (F11) at the Paralympic Games. He is the 2013 world champion.
For the first eight years of my life, I enjoyed playing video games, riding my bicycle through the neighborhood and running to catch lightning bugs that flickered in North Carolina's evening skies. I was living life and having fun just like the next kid. On one particular night, I was sitting in the bathtub getting cleaned up for bed. I suddenly noticed something was different. The bath water now looked cloudy. I stared up at the bathroom lights. The lights were blurred. I hopped out of the tub and jumped onto the bathroom counter to look at the mirror. My reflection seemed faint. I was losing my sight.
An examination revealed that I was suffering from retina detachments and I needed to have an emergency operation. The first one was successful and I could see fairly well for about three weeks. After the third week, I experienced another retina detachment. There was a second operation and I could see again for another three weeks. Unfortunately, the same problem continued to occur and after 10 operations, the doctors said there was nothing else that they could do. I bawled my eyes out when I heard the news that I would become blind. Over the next few months, I watched as the images of my family and neighborhood faded before my eyes.
The first few years without sight were tough. Fortunately, my family and friends believed in me. They told me that I would still be successful, but I would have to do things a little differently than most. I learned how to read braille so I could get through school. I began to rely on my ears more because I had to.
During my freshman year of high school, all students had to participate in a nation-wide physical education test where students had to do as many pushups, pull ups and sit ups as he or she could. There was also a standing long jump that each student had to participate in. We discovered that I was really good at standing long jump. I was actually one of the best in the school. At that point, Brian Whitmer, my high school teacher, told me about the Paralympic Games and how I could compete for Team USA, travel to different countries, win medals and break records. That became my goal.
Whitmer took me to a sports camp for athletes who are visually impaired and blind in Kalamazoo, Michigan. This is where I learned about the running long jump. Whitmer taught me to remember the number of strides to take and at the appropriate step, I would catapult myself into the sand. I followed the sound of his voice to make sure I stayed straight on the runway. My first attempts weren't the best, but we kept working, and working and working. After returning home to Raleigh, North Carolina, I joined my high school track team. Whitmer continued to help me train. We began to train harder, and I began to jump farther. By my senior year I had become one of my school's best athletes.
I graduated from Athens Drive High School and the next year, I competed in the Athens 2004 Paralympic Games. It was an overwhelming experience to compete in front of thousands of screaming spectators. It was even more overwhelming to compete and win my first Paralympic medal. I just couldn't stop smiling as the medal was placed around my neck. All of the hard work had paid off. All of those days when I thought I would never overcome blindness had faded far off in the distance. Just like Whitmer told me I could, I currently compete for Team USA. I'm traveling the world. I've won a medal at every Paralympics I've attended. I have broken a world record and multiple American records.
Being a U.S. Paralympian means a lot. It means that life may throw you a curve ball but that doesn't mean you have to strike out. You just have to figure out how to knock it out the park. Never in a million years would I have imagined competing for Team USA, but being a Paralympian showed me that I could leave the blindness behind and look to bigger and better things ahead.
Lex Gillette represented the United States at the Athens 2004, Beijing 2008 and London 2012 Paralympic Games, winning the silver medal in the men's long jump (F11) each time. He is the 2013 world champion in the event. Also at the 2013 International Paralympic Committee World Championships in Lyon, France, Gillette won a silver medal in the triple jump and the men's 4x100m relay (T11-13). He is currently training for the 2016 U.S. Paralympic Team.


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Prince Edward Island Buyer Intake FormI want to purchase property in PEI and I want to be qualified as a potential buyer.
Prince Edward Island Real Estate Agent: Buyer Representation
Buying PEI Real Estate
Thank you so much for the e-mail inquiry. Your interest and the opportunity are greatly appreciated.
As a result of the numerous buyer inquires we receive hourly, and at the request of my property owners (vendors), we require that all buyers register prior to any showings being booked. Please understand that, my vendors want to make sure that all showings of their property is to well qualified buyers that are ready to make an offer. I am sure you would want the same as some showings require hours of preparation.
Once we receive the form back, I or one of my team members will contact you directly to arrange for a mutually convenient time and date for showings and answer any questions you may have pertaining to any properties you may have an interest in. This including properties listed by any Real Estate Agent (REALTOR®) or Broker in PEI.
Please keep in mind that many properties require a minimum of 48 to 72 hours of notice as there may be tenants, property managers to be contacted, or are owned by vendors that are a challenge to contact.
Ideally, you should be dealing with one agent in the province that you feel comfortable with. If you have any other properties that you have an interest in, please indicate these on the form.
If you are already dealing with an agent, please contact that agent to arrange a showing.
I wish you the very best!
Have a great day!
Call/Text (902)626-6912
michaelshomes.com | email@example.com
Marketing your Property Socially and Globally® for Over 20 Years.


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The phrase "vitamin" is derived from two phrases, "very important" and "amine". Doesn't apply to Sunset® Naturals Kids products except Sunset® Kids Non-GMO Multivitamin Gummies. Analysis continues today on the function of the various vitamins. Vitamins are a gaggle of compounds vital to human well being and wellbeing, that we have to supply from food with the intention to stay healthy.
Some vitamins may be preblended with a filler ingredient akin to microcrystalline cellulose or malto-dextrin, as a result of this produces a more even granule which aids additional processing steps. The best bet is to make sure you eat a balanced diet with as many wholefoods as possible -in case you want a boost, here's the low-down on what letter does what, from A (that is, vitamin A) to Z (or – zinc).
3. Think about D. Along with its bone well being benefits, there's rising proof that getting some additional vitamin D may help decrease the risk of colon and breast cancer. The Kakadu plum and the camu camu fruit have the very best vitamin C contents of all foods.
Due to this fact, the vitamin business has made supplements out there that may boost the vitamin content material in your body. Another vitamin, vitamin Okay, helps blood to clot (so cuts and scrapes cease bleeding rapidly). In some instances, it's possible you'll need to take vitamin dietary supplements.
Vitamin B1 (thiamin) helps the physique use up fat and produce energy. Fats-soluble vitamins are easier for the body to store than water-soluble. Herbs of varied sorts could also be added to vitamin compounds, as well as minerals akin to calcium, iron, and zinc.


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A sneak peak at where the magic happens on the flip side.
My sister is in med school at Notre Dame of Haiti, and has final exams next week, so she's busy studying while I blog it up.
This afternoon when we were sitting here like this, quietly working, I told her that it was good to be back here. She said she's seen this room change a lot. During the earthquake, the furniture all moved clear across the room. "Some things look like a stain in the decour, but you look natural here, like you've always been here. I like it."


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The Indie's are coming – part deux
Posted in: We HeardPublished: January 15, 2008
Good news for those interesting the fairness within the Presidential depate forum. As indie/pendents we want to see ALL OF THE CANDIDATES. Not just Hillary and Barack or Mitt and Macain, and because of the work of groups like indpendentprimary.com and others like yourself we will now have that open debate. "Yesterday the push for open and inclusive presidential debates scored a major victory. A judge ruled that NBC had unfairly excluded Dennis Kucinich from their televised debate in Las Vegas. And the judge ordered NBC to include Kucinich or he'd stop the debate. This is a groundbreaking legal decision. Never before has a presidential candidate won a decision for inclusion into a televised debate." Keep up the fight people!


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WASHINGTON (March 24, 2015) – During National Nutrition Month in March, "we encourage each of you to renew a commitment to achieving your personal Performance Triad goals," said Army Surgeon General Lt. Gen. Patricia Horoho.
This year's theme is "Bite into a Healthy Lifestyle," she said.
The Performance Triad focuses on the importance of sleep, activity and nutrition as a way to boost Soldier and Family performance and resilience, said Maj. Bethany A. Belanger, PhD and registered dietitian. She serves as the nutrition lead for the System for Health and Performance Triad at the Army Office of the Surgeon General.
The reason nutrition is part of Performance Triad is that there is a proven interaction among sleep, activity and nutrition, meaning a healthy or unhealthy choice in one impacts the others, she said.
For Soldiers looking to improve their physical fitness, cognitive performance or manage their weight, those three factors should be considered synergistically, Belanger added.
For example, she said, lack of sleep can result in a person's tendency to crave unhealthy foods like those that have a high fat or sugar content, which in turn leads to weight gain and lack of physical fitness.
Getting back to the basics of healthy eating and making more informed and healthy food choices is easier now than it's ever been, Belanger said, noting a proliferation of healthy eating websites and apps that are helpful.
The best places to begin, she said, are visiting ChooseMyPlate.gov and EatRight.org. ArmyFit also provides information and personalizes it with Soldiers and Family members' Global Assessment 2.0 scores.
It is not only important to eat a nutritious and balanced meal, she said, it is also important to stay within one's calorie limits. To find one's nutritional needs and calorie limits, visit those websites or see the installation's registered dietitian/nutritionist, usually located at the medical treatment facility.
Unit master fitness trainers are also schooled on nutrition basics and are another resource, she added.
Belanger said she and many other dietitians use the free app Fooducate, which provides a food tracker option and gives nutritional ratings. For instance, a food logged might receive a D or F if it is highly processed and loaded with sugars and unhealthy fats. The app will also provide similar, healthier alternatives and works by scanning in a food or beverage barcode or finding a product using the food database. Food and beverages not found in the database can also be manually entered.
A number of activity monitors like personal readiness devices also track food, activity and sometimes even sleep, she said. "They are great motivators and can be real eye-openers."
Belanger provided a few healthy eating tips she said she hopes people will remember.
While eating three meals a day is standard fare for most, she suggests light snacking between meals to keep the blood-sugar level up, as it tends to drop after four hours, and can signal cravings.
Instead of junk food from vending machines, she suggests preparing healthy snacks that are loaded with essential nutrients, such as calcium, protein and fiber. These could be nuts, fruits, veggies, even half of a peanut-butter sandwich.
Having these healthy snacks readily available, she said, is especially important when a person is experiencing emotional roller-coasters like stress, boredom, happiness and depression.
A lot of Soldiers, especially those engaged in high-performance fitness programs, have questions about taking supplements, she said.
They might be looking for "that magic pill or food that's going to give them all the energy they need to perform, lose weight or be stronger," she said.
Supplements can range from bodybuilding powders to multivitamins, and advertisers do a good job promoting them, she said.
Unfortunately, the industry is not regulated and many supplements do not do what they advertise and some are even dangerous to take, she cautioned.
She encouraged Soldiers to be smart about their supplements and question the ingredients and the quantity of those ingredients. Also, choose supplements that have been third-party tested and visit the Human Performance Resource Center website for more information.
If still in doubt, see a registered dietitian/nutritionist, she said.
Belanger said in her own opinion that eating healthy food is the best approach and for many, supplements are probably not even necessary. "Ask yourself if you really need it. We suggest utilizing food first."
More and more, healthy food choices are being offered at installation dining facilities, Belanger said, adding that it is still a work in progress.
Several years ago, the Go for Green Program gave a big boost to that effort, she said, explaining how it works:
Go for Green is a nutritional recognition labeling system providing Soldiers with a quick assessment of the nutritional value of menu offerings. Food items are labeled green (eat often), amber (eat occasionally), and red (eat rarely) based on the impact the food can have on a Soldier's performance.
For example, foods labeled green are high performance foods that can positively impact a Soldier's performance and foods labeled red are performance-inhibiting foods which can negatively impact a Soldier's performance. The program has posters and menu cards for the serving line providing explanation of the color-coding system.
The Army is also working to improve nutrition through its Joint Culinary Center of Excellence and Army Quartermaster Corps, both at Fort Lee, Virginia, as well as Army G-4, she said. Their goal is to "make choices easy and convenient for the Soldier and Army communities."
Lastly, Belanger advocates for making small changes to healthier eating over time and making those changes a lifelong commitment. "There will be times when you fall off the healthy nutrition wagon. When that happens, the best thing you can do is just pick yourself up and get back on."


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Late Payments? Are SEM's Getting 'Even' Online?
So, what do you do when you've done the work, you've issued the bill, (awhile ago) and… no payment!
First thing's first, make a mental note to charge in advance for all jobs moving forward then kick yourself for not doing it in the first place. Great, lesson learned but still no money…
Well, I could make a list of all the excuses I've heard in hopes of helping other poor sods avoid this situation:
- I'll contact my accounts department and call you back
- I'll get my accounts department to contact you
- We're just waiting on payment approval from our CEO, I'll get back to you as soon as I know anything
- Oh, did you not get it? Let me check and I'll call you back
- I'm sorry I can't come to the phone night now, please leave a message
- I'm sorry I can't come to the phone right now, please leave a message
- I'm sorry I can't come to the phone right now, please leave a message
Gettin' it?
Or, I could continue applying seo techniques on the site, but maybe with another goal in mind… (that's right, stay out of the key and you won't get hurt people)
So, what we thinking? List or Eeeeeevil?
2 comments
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computer mouses February 2, 2012 at 10:33 am
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We've installed mainly OfficeServ7400 systems as small business hosted pbx solutions.
These small business hosted pbx serve tenants in enterprise and business centres. If you are moving into new premises and are considering small business hosted pbx to save on outgoings, then you'd be advised to contact our advisors on 0800 652 8052 as it's possible we can reduce your overall costs in the longer term. small_business_hosted_pbx.pdf
At TelephoneSystemsDirect our small business hosted pbx alternatives are the OfficeServ7030 and OfficeServ7100. "What to Buy for Business" magazine recommended the 7030 as GOOD VALUE. We think that when you take into account our 25% discounting from manufacturer's recommending retail pricing all the four OfficeServ models are outstanding value.
We're a Samsung Platinum business partner, a former holder of the SME Reseller of the Year trophy so you can rest assured that our recommendations on small business hosted pbx will be well thought through.
Get in touch today to learn more about a small business hosted pbx solution.


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Very little is known of the fragmentary remains of Newbyres Castle which sits in Gorebridge. The little documentary evidence which exists of the once important site hints at an intriguing story. In what follows we can highlight exactly what we know of this significant historical location.
What still exists of the structure hint at an L-shaped, 16th century abode built by Michael Borthwick of Glengelt, former abbot for the monastery of Newbattle. Before falling into ruin and eventually being demolished by Midlothian Council in the 1963, the structure was a substantial vaulted tower house, with a walled courtyard. Classed as an ancient monument by Historic Environment Scotland, the interpretation and presentation of the site has become a popular concern of the local community.
The 1897 castellated and domestic architecture of Scotland explains the technical aspects of the former tower:
'Newbyres is a very plain edifice of the L plan. It is 32 feet 8 inches long by 24 feet 2 inches wide, with a staircase wing at the north-west corner projecting 5 feet 7 inches beyond the main building… The ground floor is vaulted and, at the south end of the first floor a large stone drain opens to the outside. On the upper floors there are several gun holes and wall-chambers.'
The land of Newbyres and its walled garden, a triangular plot which was surrounded by the steep valleys of two streams, belonged to the Abbey of Newbattle when, in 1543, they were granted to the aforementioned Michael Borthwick of Gengelt. This would have required the permission of the abbey's patroness at that time – Mary Queen of Scots. There existed the Borthwick coat of arms carved upon the tower which hinted at its founding owner.
In 1624, Newbyres, with its tower, was sold to Sir James Dundas of Arniston Estate. From 1646 the Dundas family would use the Castle as a dowager, also known as a jointure house, of the family (a premise reserved for widowed wives of the family). During this time it gained a reputation as a popular and welcoming abode, renowned for the hospitable ladies which lived in the house. On one particular occasion, a church court was convened to examine a Mr. Coupar who was found to have been 'tippling and swearing', following an evening being 'entertained' by the 'Old Lady of Arnistoun' at Newbyres. Mr Coupar would take umbridge with the home owner, Mr. Dundas, being present upon the court, on the grounds that he was his 'mortal enemiee' and would fail to give him a fair trial.
Documents relating to the castle also offer us an insight into the needs of a 17th and 18th century dowrage. Catalogued in the accounts for Newbyres Castle in 1626 was the total of produce on site. These included; '329 theaeves beir, containing 65 bolls; with the fodder, £6 .13. 4d per boll'. A large undertaking for a hospitable, and often grief stricken, abode.
The Gorebridge Community Development Trust adopted the monument through the HES Adopt a Monument scheme and have been working closely with Archaeology Scotland to preserve and interpret the site – seeking to fully understand both its historical and local importance.


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Sometimes it is difficult to find a crime novel that also has an intriguing premise and raises thought-provoking questions that can make readers enjoy the story for more than its fast-paced action and clever twists and turns. 'Zack's Choice' by Harry Gilleland offers fans of the genre all the good things that other novels lack: a coming-of-age story and the invitation to ask themselves what they would do if they were in the main character's place.
Zack Gresham is a law student who is preparing for a great career and a perfect life that has already been designed by his parents. Given that his mother is a lawyer and his father is a federal judge, it's obvious that he couldn't have chosen a different path in life. Also, he intends to marry his high school girlfriend after he graduates from Law School, so it seems that both a family and a career are waiting for him. However, before all of this happens, Zack wants to take an once-in-a-lifetime motorcycle trip through the southern states. Even though his parents don't agree at first, he convinces them that he needs to escape for a bit before he has to go back to school.
At the beginning of the novel, Zack is an innocent young man who isn't sure of what he wants. Even if he wanted something else, he probably wouldn't have the courage to confront his parents. All of that changes once he meets Bobby in New Mexico, and a weird turn of events brings them together in Las Vegas. Zack discovers a lifestyle he never knew existed and this changes his perspective on everything. Bobby has such a great influence on him that he finally understands that he does have a choice and that it would be a loss to live his life the way others planned it for him.
Harry Gilleland is amazing when it comes to character development. Bobby is Zack's exact opposite. He is probably the most intriguing character in the book, and his story is unconventional and unexpected. Readers will be eager to find out as much as possible about him, especially because everything about Bobby is covered in mystery. Zack's friendship with him will prove to be life-changing, which means that by the end of the novel he will become a completely different person.
One of the best things about 'Zack's Choice' is that it raises some thought-provoking questions. Readers are invited to think about what living your life truly means, and how a single choice can affect all the things you already had planned.
The book is free on Kindle Amazon on July 7th, so don't forget to get your copy and enjoy a great summer read.


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ORLANDO, Fla. — UCF Sophomore Kicker Donald De La Haye was declared ineligible Monday after attempts to work around NCAA regulations fell through. His rise was swift in just two years as a Knight, experiencing rapid growth after the 2016 season.
Let's take a look at the events that got us here:
June 5, 2015: YouTube account created.
Fall Football Season, 2015: 10 games played in as a freshman, no videos currently on the channel posted during this period.
May 11, 2016: Oldest video currently available was posted, not directly related to UCF Football.
August 12, 2016: "Camp Chronicles" is posted, just the second video available since May 2016.
Fall Football Season, 2016: Played in all thirteen UCF Football games, averaged 60.8 YPK as a kickoff specialist. No video posted garnered more than 60,000 views – a Colin Kaepernick cameo was worth just shy of 55,000.
March 13, 2017: The first content that would push over into six-figure viewership was published here, "My Worst Kicking Day.. Ever". De La Haye records a few small portions of his day before showcasing a tough day in the Nicholson Fieldhouse.
June 10, 2017: "Quit College Sports or Quit YouTube?" – The UCF kicker takes to his YouTube channel to announce that he has been informed that his revenue-creating activity on the website may violate NCAA rules. He says that the next step is meeting with compliance to find a way around giving up football or YouTube.
June 18, 2017: Making his decision public, De La Haye says that he won't sacrifice his passion for anybody.
July 12, 2017: UCF submits a waiver request to the NCAA requesting that De La Haye be allowed to continue to produce content that did not directly profit from any material that could be linked to his identity as a student-athlete.
July 14, 2017: NCAA confirms and accepts the waiver, though the terminology is extremely restricting to the channel's identity. From an official NCAA statement:
"After the national office received the waiver request from UCF July 12, that process was used to confirm that De La Haye could continue to profit from any of his video activity as long as it was not based on his athletics reputation, prestige or ability."
July 24, 2017: The Oakland Raiders' Marquette King makes a cameo in a training video with De La Haye, in which Donald flew out to train with the outspoken NFL punter. No official move had been made yet, but UCF's kickoff man has said at this point that he does not want to change and that the situation is out of his hands.
July 31, 2017: UCF distributes a release on the eligibility of Donald De La Haye.
"In an effort to allow Donald De La Haye the opportunity to retain his eligibility and still be allowed to produce videos for YouTube, UCF Athletics recently submitted a waiver to the NCAA on his behalf. The waiver, which was granted, stated De La Haye could maintain his eligibility and continue to monetize videos that did not reference his status as a student-athlete or depict his football skill or ability."
The waiver also allowed him to create videos that referenced his status as a student-athlete or depict his football skill or ability if they were posted to a non-monetized account. De La Haye chose not to accept the conditions of the waiver and has therefore been ruled ineligible to compete in NCAA-sanctioned competition. UCF Athletics wishes him the best in his future endeavors."
Given the choice to either cease making football related videos or cut his revenue stream off, the student-athlete elects to pursue his passion, something he ties in strongly with his pursuit of a marketing degree.
August 1, 2017
The GoFundMe account created in an to fund tuition was started late Monday evening. In just a few short hours, the online crowd sourcing site has netted De La Haye $1,500 of his $30,000 goal for tuition.
"The NCAA has possibly ruined my future, all over a few bucks. They have ruled me ineligible because I monetized my youtube videos therefore my scholarship will no longer apply. Yes, I made a little bit of money from youtube but nowhere near enough to pay for school. I want to continue pursuing my passion of creating videos, I also want to continue pursuing my marketing degree but no longer have the funds necessary to achieve that. I dont like asking for stuff, but this is important.. even $1 would help!"


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CMC Icos Biologics made news a couple weeks ago when it said it plans to expand its biotech drug factory in Bothell, and double its workforce there to about 250 employees in three to four years. The big question in my mind was why, so I tracked down CMC Icos president Gustavo Mahler to ask.
There are plenty of factors at work. CMC, a Danish company, bought the facility from Eli Lilly in December last year. It inherited a facility set up to make biotech drugs for early-stage clinical trials for other companies under contract, as well as 127 employees.
Since then, CMC has retained about 100 of those people, and hired another 35 to keep the plant humming along, Mahler says. It has upgraded the factory to meet FDA specifications for commercial manufacturing, known as Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP. That's important, because as CMC moves to quintuple its capacity, it will be able to continually serve its customers from the early days of clinical trials all the way through to larger-scale commercial quantities, Mahler says. He wouldn't say which of his customers' products are driving the demand for more capacity, because names are kept confidential, but he said CMC currently has seven customers. Because of the complexity of making their products, which are brewed in vats of living cells, biotech companies would rather not look for another manufacturer when the time comes to make big batches, Mahler says.
"Switching from one contract manufacturer to another is pretty painful," Mahler says.
The other trend CMC sees on the horizon is the FDA clearing a path for companies to make "biosimilars" or generic-like copies of branded biotech drugs like Amgen's Epogen for anemia. If that happens in another year or two, it could put pressure on the worldwide capacity for biotech drug manufacturing, meaning that CMC Icos would have a pretty valuable property, Mahler says.
The jobs themselves are a bit unusual for biotech, where people tend to have loads of education and very specialized skills in fields like biochemistry or bioinformatics. Some of the people will need bachelor's degrees, while others can have high school educations, Mahler says. The work will require technicians who monitor things like the acidity of the broth the drugs are made in, and the concentration of oxygen inside those bioreactors. Others will manage equipment and keep it clean, he says.
Many of the people with more highly technical backgrounds have been retained, which is a big reason why CMC chose to expand in Bothell as opposed to anywhere else, Mahler says. Of the eight-person senior management team, six of them are holdovers from Icos. "They are great, high-caliber people. They are experts in their area, and they work well together," he says.
Mahler added that people there are pleased that the new owner has a future expansion plan. I believe that is 100 percent true, given how so many Icos workers were angry and heartbroken when Lilly took over, grabbed the impotence drug Cialis, and eliminated about 365 local jobs in early 2007.
It sure sounds like CMC and Mahler have a lot going for them, except for one biggie that could derail things—the financial crisis. CMC Icos hasn't yet settled on a construction start date, because it is seeking financing for the expansion, and keeping a close eye on how the turmoil might affect its customers, and their ability to scale up production, Mahler says. This is one ripple effect in the local economy we'll be sure to keep an eye on.


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Reducing Jail Populations
There are approximately 731,000 individuals held daily in local jails across the country. Local jails have 19 times the annual admissions compared to state and federal prisons. Local cities and counties are where the gears of mass incarceration grind on -- over 11 million people go to jail each year in the United States, referred to as a "churn rate." Most people in jails are individuals who are detained pretrial and are therefore legally presumed innocent. Katal is working in Connecticut and New York for pretrial justice and, reduce the number of people churning through jails every year, and achieve systemic reform to end the drug war and mass incarceration at the local level.
Closing Rikers Island Jail Complex
As a co-founder of #CLOSErikers campaign, Katal directed the field organizing and led the behind-the-scenes strategy to pressure Mayor Bill de Blasio finally agreeing to shut down the facility. Today, closing Rikers the official policy of New York City – and the task ahead is to make closure happen as swiftly as possible.This won't be easy. For instance, the most exhaustive report yet about how to close Rikers was published by the Independent Commission on Criminal Justice and Incarceration Reform, in April 2017. It details dozens of reforms necessary to make closure possible. Read that report here.
Mayor de Blasio has also issued a report about closing Rikers – read that here.
To truly close Rikers, we must transform the criminal justice system as a whole and redefine safety and justice in New York. In the summer of 2017, to pursue the numerous reforms necessary to secure wide-scale reform, Katal stepped down from our leadership role in the more narrowly defined #CLOSErikers campaign, and concluded our partnership with JLUSA.Because reducing pretrial detention populations are an essential step to make closure possible, Katal is leading efforts in Albany for bail and speedy trial reform, while working at the City level to expedite the closure process.
Pre-Arrest Diversion
Across Connecticut and New York, Katal is working with municipalities and counties to develop approaches to diversion rooted in community leadership and racial equity, and focused on improving public safety and health. One such approach to this is through arrest diversion programs, like LEAD ® -- Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion. Katal serves as the program manager for the innovative Albany LEAD program. The Albany program is diverting people away from jail and into non-punitive, harm reduction oriented services. Albany LEAD is widely recognized as a national model because of its innovative use of Medicaid funding to support case management. Check out the background of Albany's program here, and be sure to read our first year anniversary report about Albany LEAD, here. Interested in developing a pre-arrest diversion program in your area? Please contact Keith Brown at Keith [at] Katalcenter.org.


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Bede specifically mentions Elmet once in his Ecclesiastical History:
ShareA basilica was built at the royal residence of Campodunum, but this, together with all the buildings of the residence, was burned by the pagans who killed King Edwin and later kings replaced this seat by another in the vicinity of Loidis. The stone altar of this church survived the fire and is preserved in the monastery that lies in Elmet Wood and is ruled by the most reverend priest and abbot Thrydwulf.--Bede, Ecclesiastical History, Book II ch.15
Loidis is modern Leeds. The site of Campodunum is uncertain. The two leading candidates are Doncaster and Slack, near Huddersfield, both the sites of Roman towns or forts. The Roman name of Doncaster, Danum, could be related to the second element of Bede's name Campodunum. Both are within the boundaries of Elmet as suggested above. Bede uses the name Elmet not as the name of a region or province, but as the name of a forest, Elmet Wood. This may indicate that the name Elmet could refer to a specific locality, possibly part of a larger territory.


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This Digest was prepared for debate. It reflects the legislation as
introduced and does not canvass subsequent amendments. This Digest
does not have any official legal status. Other sources should be
consulted to determine the subsequent official status of the
Passage History
Main Provisions
Concluding Comments
Contact Officer & Copyright Details
Date Introduced: 27 June 2001
House: House of Representatives
Portfolio: Justice and Customs
Commencement: On a day to fixed by proclamation
or six months after Royal Assent, whichever is the earlier.
To update existing Commonwealth provisions on
computer-related crime.
Origins of the Cybercrime Bill
The main Commonwealth offence provisions on
computer-related crime are currently found in Part VIA of the
Crimes Act 1914. These are largely based on the
recommendations of the 1988 Gibbs report.(1) They have
not been substantially amended since coming into force in 1989.
Computer-related search and seizure provisions were added in 1994
and again have remained largely unchanged since then.
In January 2000 the Model Criminal Code Officers
Committee (MCCOC)(2) released a discussion paper
Chapter 4: Damage and Computer Offences followed by a
report of the same name in January 2001 (the Chapter 4
report)(3). The Chapter 4 report is one of a series
addressing particular aspects of Australian criminal law with the
purpose of achieving national consistency of approach along the
Criminal Code model. It contains a 'model' Cybercrime Bill,
complete with definitions and offences.
According to the second reading speech, the
offences contained in Cybercrime Bill 2001 (the Bill) are based on
the Chapter 4 report. Interestingly, the report's approach is
itself significantly influenced by the UK Computer Misuse Act
That is a consequence, in the main, of the fact
that the Committee was asked by the Standing Committee of
Attorneys-General to base its proposals for reform of the law of
theft and fraud in Chapter 3, Theft, Fraud, Bribery and Related
Offences (1995), on the provisions of the UK Theft
Act 1968. The Theft Act, together with the
Criminal Damage Act 1971 and the Computer Misuse
Act 1990 comprise a complementary scheme of legislation, with
interlocking parts...in view of the interdependence of these
schemes of legislation, the Committee concluded that Computer
Misuse Act 1990 provided an appropriate basis for the reform
of Australian law...[although the] Committee's proposals go beyond
the scope of the United Kingdom Act in certain respects [such as in
so-called] preparatory offences and the offence of unauthorised
access etc with intent to commit a serious offence.
However, in addition to the Computer Misuse
Act 1990, the Chapter 4 report also takes account of more
recent events such as the Council of Europe draft Cybercrime
NSW has already enacted the Chapter 4 report.
The Crimes Amendment (Computer Offences) Act 2001 was
passed by the NSW Parliament in April and received Royal Assent in
June. That Act corresponds very closely with the proposed offences
in the Chapter 4 report. According to a media release by the
Commonwealth Minister for Justice and Customs, all Australian
jurisdictions 'reconfirmed their commitment to giving priority to
developing updated computer offences' at the most recent meeting of
Australian Attorneys-General.(5)
The Structure of the Bill
The operative sections of the Bill are grouped
into two schedules.
Schedule 1 creates a number of offences to
replace those currently under Part VIA of the Crimes Act
1914. The main offences are:(6)
Schedule 2 revises existing powers under the
Crimes Act 1914 and Customs Act 1901 to search
and seize electronically stored data.
Commonwealth jurisdiction over
The Commonwealth has no direct constitutional
power over computer-related offences. It can of course legislate
with respect to Commonwealth facilities, property or activities and
so actions involving Commonwealth computers and data may be
regulated. However, potentially the widest constitutional power is
that under section 51(v) - 'postal, telegraphic, telephonic, and
other like services'. The High Court has previously ruled that this
power extends to post-1900 forms of mass electronic communication
such radio and television(7) and there seems no to
reason to doubt that it would cover contemporary forms of
telecommunications such as the internet. A number of the Bill's
offence provisions provide for Commonwealth jurisdiction where a
'telecommunications service' is involved. The Bill defines
'telecommunications services'(8) as:
A service for carrying communications by means
of guided or unguided electromagnetic energy or both.
Some submissions to the Senate
committee(9) inquiring into the Bill contended that this
would include situations where computers were linked by a simple
'in-house' cable network. The Attorney-General's Department were of
a contrary view, apparently because such a network would not
constitute a 'service', although they did not provide any legal
authority for this other than saying that their position was based
on legal advice received. In any case, possible constitutional
uncertainty about the prosecution of an alleged offence involving
only an in-house network (and no other Commonwealth jurisdictional
'hooks') could be avoided by having the offence prosecuted under
the state law. Of course this presupposes the State in whose
territory the offence to place has passed the Chapter 4
Schedule 1 - Computer Offences
Item 1 is a consequential
amendment to subsection 25A(4) of the Australian Security
Intelligence Organisation Act 1979. It is required as the
computer-related offences currently found in Part VIA of the
Crimes Act 1914 will be replaced by the insertion of new
Part 10.7 of the Criminal Code Act 1995.
Item 2 repeals Part VIA of the
Crimes Act 1914.
Item 3 amends the definition of
what may constitute a physical element(11) under the
subsection 4.1(1) of the Criminal Code Act 1995 (the
criminal code). This clarifies that circumstances that 'arise as a
result of conduct'(12) can be considered to be a
physical element of an offence.
Item 4 inserts new Part
10.7 (Divisions 476-478) into the Criminal Code.
Division 476 - Preliminary
New section 476.1 defines a
number of technical terms such 'access to data held in a computer',
'Commonwealth computer' etc. These terms, with some minor changes,
reflect the recommendations of the Chapter 4 report. Some
submissions expressed concern about the about the breadth of some
definitions in new sections 476.1 and
476.2. For example, one submission(13)
suggested that definitions of the concepts 'access or modify' and
'impairment' could be amended to reduce the possibility that
innocuous activity or minor transgressions could fall with the
criminal scope of the Bill.(14)
New section 476.2 defines what
is meant by the terms 'unauthorised access, modification or
impairment'. These terms are key elements of offences under
new sections 477.1-478.2.
Of particular importance in new section
476.2 is subsection 476.2(2) which
provides that any such access, modification or impairment is not
unauthorised merely because it is done for a purpose other than
that for which a person is entitled. The Explanatory
Memorandum to the Bill comments that:(15)
...for example, if a Commonwealth employee is
authorised to access certain computer data so he or she can perform
her duties but instead accesses that data for the purpose of
defrauding the Commonwealth, that access does not become
unauthorised [and so does not fall within the meaning of 476.2]
The Chapter 4 report addressed this matter in
some detail:(16)
Should individuals who are authorised for one
purpose be guilty of an offence under this Part if they act for
another, ulterior purpose? Liability should certainly be imposed if
the original authorisation was obtained by deception as to the
offender's purposes. It does not follow, however, that liability
should be imposed when authorisation was obtained without fraud and
the defendant misuses the authorisation(17) [although]
the issue is clearly contentious...It should be noted, at the
outset, that the issue is unlikely to arise in the offences which
prohibit unauthorised modification of data and unauthorised
impairment of electronic communications. When breach of those
provisions is charged, the issue is whether some particular
modification or instance of impairment is authorised...there is an
undoubted need for one or more specialised offences which would
deal with misuse of authorised access to particular categories of
data...[however]... Legislation which imposes criminal penalties
for obtaining confidential information, sale or publication of that
information cannot be restricted to instances where the offender
happened to acquire the information by operating a computer.
New subsection 476.2(3)
provides that a person is considered to have caused any
unauthorised access, modification or impairment if their conduct
'substantially contributes to' the access, modification or
New section 476.3 provides that
criminal code 'Category A' geographical jurisdiction(19)
will apply to the new computer offences created by the Bill. As a
result of the application of Category A jurisdiction, the offences
would extend to situations where the conduct constituting the
offence occurs wholly or partly in Australia or on board an
Australian ship or aircraft, or where the result of the
conduct constituting the offence occurs wholly or partly in
Australia or on board an Australian ship or aircraft, or the person
committing the offence is an Australian citizen or an Australian
company. Thus an Australian citizen operating in a country where
computer hacking is not an offence, who hacks into a computer
system in a third country would face potential criminal liability
under the Bill.(20)
Further jurisdiction is available under
new section 476.3 for so-called ancillary offences
committed outside Australia. For example, this would apply where a
persons outside Australia conspire to commit a Part 10.7 offence
and subsequently that offence occurs in Australia or on an
Australian ship or aircraft.
New section 476.4 provides for
the concurrent operation of Commonwealth, State and Territory laws.
Thus State or Territory computer law may be used to regulate to
computer-related actions in those relatively few instances where
they fall beyond the Commonwealth constitutional power. However,
State or Territory computer law cannot be used where an action
falls under the scope of new section 476.5.
New section 476.5 gives
immunity from civil and criminal liability for staff or agents of
the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS) and the Defence
Signals Directorate (DSD) for computer-related acts which are done
'in the proper performance of a function of the agency'. These acts
may be done either inside or outside Australia, although in the
former case the act must be directly related to the overseas
activities of the agency. What constitutes 'proper performance of a
function' is not defined. The concept does appear in the
Intelligence Services Bill 2001, although again it is not defined.
Both Bills are also silent on how it might be determined whether a
person's actions constituted proper performance of an agency
function. This is important issue given the severe criminal
penalties under the Bill. Readers should refer to the Digest on the
Intelligence Services Bill 2001(21) for more discussion
on the issue.
Division 477 - Serious computer
New section 477.1 deals with
unauthorised access, modification or impairment with intent to
commit a 'serious offence'. A serious offence is defined as one
that is punishable by imprisonment for five years or more,
including life sentences. New section 477.1
actually creates two offences. The first is where the unauthorised
access, modification or impairment is by means of a
'telecommunications service' - in this case the serious offence can
be either a Commonwealth, State or Territory offence. The second
offence applies where no telecommunications service is involved,
and in this case the serious offence must be one under Commonwealth
law. This latter restriction is because the lack of a
telecommunications service element removes the Commonwealth's
ability to legislate under section 51(v) of the Constitution.
New section 477.1 would make it
an offence to cause any unauthorised access to data held in a
computer, any unauthorised modification of data held in a computer
or any unauthorised impairment of electronic communications to or
from a computer, knowing the access, modification or impairment is
unauthorised and with the intention of committing or facilitating
the commission of a serious offence. The relevant fault elements
under the Criminal Code for this offence are intention to
do the act which causes unauthorised access, modification or
impairment, but only recklessness as to whether the act
will cause that access, modification or impairment.
Recklessness is defined by section 5.4 of the Criminal Code
A person is reckless with respect to a result
(a) he or she is aware of a substantial risk
that the result will occur, and
(b) having regard to the circumstances known to
him or her, it is unjustifiable to take the risk.
New section 477.1 also provides
that it is not necessary to prove that the defendant knew the
offence he or she was intending to commit was an offence against
the law of the Commonwealth, a State or a Territory and/or that the
offence falls within the definition of serious offence. This
approach is consistent with other criminal code offences such as
burglary. In addition, the intended serious offence does not have
to be committed or completed in order for a new section 477.1
offence to occur, nor is the fact that it was actually impossible
for it to have been committed or completed a bar to conviction.
However, an attempt to commit a new section 477.1 offence
is not itself an offence.
The penalty for committing a new section
477.1 offence is not to exceed the penalty for the serious
New section 477.2 makes it an
offence, subject to Commonwealth constitutional power, for a person
to cause any unauthorised modification of data held in a computer,
where the person knows that the modification is unauthorised, and
intends by that modification to impair access to, or the
reliability(22), security or operation of, any data held
in a computer or is reckless as to any such impairment. One or more
of the following circumstances must exist so as to confer
Commonwealth constitutional power: the modification or data
affected must involve a telecommunications service, or Commonwealth
computer, or data held on behalf of the Commonwealth: new
paragraph 477.2(1)(d). New subsection
477.2(2) applies absolute liability to the circumstances
listed in 477.2(1)(d), meaning that the prosecution does not have
to show that, for example, the accused knew the data in question
was held in a Commonwealth computer. This also means there is no
defence of mistake of fact - thus a person could not plead that
they thought the data impaired related to a private computer
network when in fact it involved Commonwealth computers or
In a similar way to 477.1, a person may be
guilty of a 477.2 offence if their actions do not actually result
in any impairment. According to the Chapter 4 report, there are
three broad situations that the offence is likely to
The Explanatory Memorandum to the Bill
The proposed offence is limited to instances
where a person modifying computer data intends to impair data or is
reckless as to causing impairment. The existing offence contains no
such limitation and merely requires that the person modify the data
intentionally and without authority or lawful excuse (Crimes Act,
paragraphs 76C(a) and 76E(a)). The existing offence is too broad
and vague for a maximum 10 year penalty, as it extends to the
harmless use of another person's computer without that person's
The penalty for committing a new section
477.2 offence is up to 10 years imprisonment.
New section 477.3 makes it an
offence, subject to Commonwealth constitutional power, for a person
to cause any unauthorised impairment of electronic communication to
or from a computer, where the person knows the impairment is
unauthorised, and either intends to impair electronic communication
or is reckless as to any such impairment. In relation to
new section 477.3, constitutional power would only
be conferred where the electronic communication that is impaired
occurs by means of a telecommunication service or is to or from a
Commonwealth computer. As for 477.2, absolute liability would apply
to these Commonwealth jurisdictional connections.
'Impairment of electronic communication to or
from a computer' is defined in new section 476.1
as including:
(a) the prevention of any such communication;
(b) the impairment of any such communication on
an electronic link or network used by the computer;
but does not include a mere interception of any
such communication.
Commenting on new section
477.3, the Explanatory Memorandum to the Bill
This proposed offence is designed to target
tactics such as 'denial of service attacks', where an e-mail
address or web site is inundated with a large volume of unwanted
messages thus overloading the computer system and disrupting,
impeding or preventing its functioning. The proposed offence would
extend to situations where a person impairs a computer 'server',
'router' or other computerised component of the telecommunications
system that relays or directs the passage of electronic
communications from one computer to another.
The existing offence of interfering with,
interrupting or obstructing the lawful use of a computer (Crimes
Act, paragraph 76E(b)) applies to conduct that impairs the ability
of a computer to send or receive communications. However, it does
not clearly cover actions that interfere with the passage of
electronic communications to or from computers, for example, by
altering addresses, re-routing messages or interfering with the
capacity of the telecommunications system to transmit those
communications. The proposed offence would cover this conduct.
The proposed offence would only apply to
unauthorised impairment. Consequently, the offence would
not apply, for example, to a refusal by an Internet Service
Provider (ISP) to carry certain types of electronic communications
traffic on its network if such a refusal is pursuant to a
contractual arrangement or an agreement between the ISP and users
of the service. Furthermore, this offence, like the other proposed
offences, applies only to acts and not to omissions.(27)
Therefore, a strike by telecommunications maintenance workers that
resulted in impairment of electronic communication, for instance,
would not constitute the commission of this offence.
The penalty for committing a 477.3 offence is up
to 10 years imprisonment.
Division 478 - Other computer
New section 478.1 makes it an
offence, subject to Commonwealth constitutional power, for a person
to cause any unauthorised access to, or modification of, restricted
data. Restricted data is defined to mean 'data held on a computer
to which access is restricted by an access control system
associated with a function of the computer' An obvious example is a
password. In relation to new section 478.1,
constitutional power would only be conferred where the access to,
or modification of, is caused by a telecommunications service, or
the data must be held in a Commonwealth computer, or held elsewhere
on behalf of the Commonwealth. As for new sections
477.1-3 offences, absolute liability applies to these
Commonwealth jurisdictional connections.
Recommendation 2 of the Senate committee report
suggests the definition of restricted data be amended to clarify
that the restricted access applies to the data not the computer
system.(28) The recommendation seems a sound one.
The penalty for committing a 478.1 offence is up
to 2 years imprisonment.
New section 478.2 makes it an
offence for a person to cause any unauthorised impairment of the
reliability, security or operation of any data held on a
Commonwealth computer disk, Commonwealth credit card or other
Commonwealth device used to store data by electronic means, where
the person intends to cause the impairment and knows that the
impairment is unauthorised. It is sufficient that the Commonwealth
leases the disk / credit card / devices rather it owning them
outright. Again, absolute liability applies to the Commonwealth
jurisdictional connections.
The penalty for committing a new section
478.2 offence is up to 2 years imprisonment.
New section 478.3 makes it an
offence for a person to have possession or control of data with the
intention of committing or facilitating the commission of a
Division 477 offence (ie offences under 477.1-477.3).
The offence provisions of new sections
478.3 and 478.4 implement Article 6 of
the draft Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime. There is no
comparable offence existing under the current Crimes Act
1914. Commenting on new section 478.3, the
Explanatory Memorandum to the Bill
This offence is designed to cover persons who
possess programs or technology designed to hack into other people's
computer systems or impair data or electronic communication. For
example, a person will commit the offence if the person possesses a
program which will enable him or her to launch a 'denial of service
attack' against a Commonwealth Department's computer system and
intends to use the program for that purpose. It would also be an
offence for a person to possess a disk containing a computer virus
that the person intends to release over the Internet in order to
impair data in infected computers. In both instances, the person
would also commit the offence if he or she intends to provide the
program to another person for the purpose of enabling the other
person to impair electronic communication or computer data.
It is notable that 'possession or control' is
defined as including having control of data in a computer that is
in the possession of another person, whether that computer is
inside or outside of Australia. The Explanatory Memorandum
does not provide any information about what situations this would
cover. However, it is understood that it would be applicable if a
person could remotely access data located say on the hard drive of
another computer and this access could be used to manipulate or use
the data with the intention of committing or facilitating a
Division 477 offence.
The fact that it was actually impossible for a
Division 477 offence to have been committed is not a bar to
conviction under new section 478.3. However, an
attempt to commit a new section 478.3
offence is not itself an offence.
The penalty for committing a new section
478.3 offence is up to 3 years imprisonment.
New section 478.4 makes it an
offence for a person to produce, supply or obtain data with the
intention that data be used by that person or another person for
committing or facilitating a Division 477 offence. Data can either
be recorded electronically (eg in a computer or data storage device
such as a disc) or can be in the form of a document 'in which the
data is recorded'. According to Explanatory Memorandum to
the Bill 'this offence is primarily targeted at those who devise,
propagate or publish programs which are intended for use in the
commission of an offence'.(30)
The fact that it was actually impossible for a
Division 477 offence to have been committed is not a bar to
conviction under new section 478.4. However, an
attempt to commit a new section 478.4
offence is not itself an offence.
The penalty for committing a new section
478.4 offence is up to 3 years imprisonment.
Item 5 amends note 2 of
subsection 109(5) of the Education Services for Overseas
Students Act 2000. Section 109 deals with unauthorised access
to student information. The amendment simply substitutes a
reference to the new Part 10-7 of the Criminal Code Act
1995 (ie the provisions inserted by item 4)
for the Crimes Act 1914 provisions that are
proposed to be repealed by item 2.
Item 6 amends subsection 5D(5)
of the Telecommunications Act 1997. Section 5D deals with
obtaining warrants authorising interception of telecommunications.
The amendment is for a similar purpose as item
Schedule 2 - Law enforcement powers
relating to electronically stored data
Items 1-13 amend various
sections of Part 1AA of the Crimes Act 1914. Part 1AA
governs the issue and use of search warrants. In general, Part 1AA
allows magistrates and authorised Justices of the Peace to issue
search warrants if they are satisfied that evidential material may
be at a nominated premises at any time within 72 hours of issuing
the warrant.(31) Warrants authorise the seizure of
things nominated in the warrant, but other evidential material may
also be seized if an officer believes that this is necessary to
prevent its concealment, loss, destruction etc.
Items 1-4 incorporate a range
of definitions into the Part 1AA. With one minor, but curious
exception, these match various definitions created by new
section 476.1 in item 4 of
schedule 1. The exception is that item
3 - the definition of data storage device - does not
include the words '(for example, a disk or file server)' that its
counterpart in Schedule 1 does. The Explanatory Memorandum
incorrectly states that the two definitions are
'matches'.(32) Presumably the omitted words in
item 3 are a drafting oversight, although of only
minor importance.
Item 5 deals with a situation
where a search warrant has been issued but it is unclear at first
instance whether a thing falls within the scope of the warrant or
is otherwise be able to be seized as evidence. Item
5 provides that a thing (such as a computer or data
storage device) may be moved from the search premises to another
place for examination or processing, where either it is
'significantly more practicable'(33) than examining or
processing the thing at the search premises and where 'there are
reasonable grounds to believe...[it]...contains or constitutes
evidential material' or the occupier consents in writing
to the move. As for the existing subsection 3K(3), there is a
statutory right for the occupier or their representative to be
present during the examining or processing. Under item
7, the thing may be removed for up to 72 hours, although
this can be extended for an unlimited period by a magistrate or
other authorised person if they believe on reasonable grounds that
more time is required to complete the examination /
processing.(34) The occupier has a right of being heard
in such an extension application. This 'right to be heard' is
common in Commonwealth legislation. For example, it is found in
subsection 3L(8) of the Crimes Act 1914, which relates to
securing electronic equipment until an expert is available to
examine it.
Item 8 amends existing
subsection 3L(1) to clarify that electronic
equipment on the search premises may be operated by an officer to
find data that is present at another location, eg on other
computers linked through a network. He or she must believe on
reasonable grounds that the data may contain evidential material
and that the equipment may be operated without damaging it. Such
material may be downloaded on to a data storage device and taken
from the premises without the occupier's permission providing that
the data storage device was brought to the premises as part of the
search exercise. This provision has attracted significant comment
during the committee inquiry.(35) However, it is notable
that the Attorney-General's Department suggested in evidence before
the committee that remote accessing of evidential material was
already implicitly permitted under section 3L(1) and that item 8
was intended to 'make the law clearer'.(36) Section
3L(1) states:
The executing officer or a constable assisting
may operate electronic equipment at the premises to see whether
evidential material is accessible by doing so if he or she believes
on reasonable grounds that the operation of the equipment can be
carried out without damage to the equipment.
If Attorney-General's Department view is
correct, item 8 actually incrementally tightens
the law by requiring the executing officer must believe on
reasonable grounds that data to be remotely accessed might
constitute evidential material. However, an executing officer would
not be required to notify the operators / owners of computers not
on search premises if data held on those computers is accessed
under warrant.
Another issue that was raised in relation to
item 8, but also relevant to items 12, 24
and 28, was privacy concerns about the data and other
information collected from the operation of computers during
searches. This was mainly prompted by the wide range of information
that may have been collected but subsequently found not to be
evidential material. The submission from the Office of the Federal
Privacy Commissioner suggested that, for example, personal
information that is not evidential material be destroyed within
three months unless this time is extended by a senior
officer.(37) In oral evidence to the Senate committee,
officials from the Attorney General's Department
There are various safeguards to protect the
privacy of information, which is gathered under a search warrant.
Australian Federal Police officers are bound by the information
privacy principles in the Privacy Act 1988 and are subject
to a maximum penalty of two years imprisonment under the secrecy
provisions in the Australian Federal Police Act
1979 for any improper recording or disclosure of information.
The AFP has said that they will review their guidelines on
recording, disclosure and storage of information in light of the
new offences and investigation powers. Consultation about those
guidelines is occurring with the Federal Privacy Commissioner. The
vigour with which that was being pursued was quite evident
immediately after the last hearing. While I do not have anything to
give you today, I am very certain that those responsible for
considering this legislation will require a progress report or some
evidence of progress on that. As soon as we can do that we will
give it to you.
In addressing this, recommendation 3 of the
Senate committee report stated:
The Committee recommends that
the Bill be amended to provide for the destruction of all personal
information collected by law enforcement agencies, which is not
relevant to an investigation, after a period of 3 months but
subject to this time frame being extended on the authorisation of a
senior officer.
Items 9-11 make minor
amendments to various parts of section 3L consequential on
item 8.
Item 12 inserts new
section 3LA which would enable an officer to apply to a
magistrate for an order requiring a specified person to provide any
reasonable assistance or information to enable an officer to
access, copy or convert data. Before granting the order, the
magistrate would have to be satisfied (i) of the existence of
reasonable grounds to suspect a computer on search premises
contains evidence of an offence, or such evidence is accessible
from the computer; (ii) that person(s) named in the order is
reasonably suspected of committing the offence specified in the
search warrant, or is the owner of the computer or computer system
to be accessed, or a current employee of the owner; and (iii) that
the person specified in the order has knowledge of the computer or
system or measures applied to protect the computer or system.
The maximum penalty for non-compliance with the
order would be 6 months imprisonment.
This provision attracted significant criticism
on the grounds that a person failing to comply with an order
because, for example, they had forgotten the information necessary
to grant the access sought by the executing officer, might have to
prove that they had truly forgotten it to escape prosecution. It
has been suggested that the new section 3LA
include provisions about how a person could demonstrate that they
cannot comply with a new section 3LA order for
valid reasons and thus not be subject to potential prosecution.
Recommendation 4 of the Senate inquiry suggested that paragraph
3LA(2)(c) be amended to ensure that the magistrate issuing the
assistance order be satisfied that a person the subject of the
order must have 'relevant knowledge' of the computer, its network,
or the data security system, rather just 'knowledge' of these
Another issue was whether this assistance order
could be seen as possibly compelling a 'form of
self-incrimination'. The Attorney-General's Department rejected
this view, commenting that:(40)
I do not think I have ever brought forward a
piece of legislation here without someone saying that the right to
self-incrimination is being threatened in some way or another. The
point is that it does not affect the privilege against
self-incrimination. The privilege arises where a person is required
to produce certain documents or answer questions and entitles the
person to refuse to produce those documents or answer the questions
on the grounds that it would incriminate them. An 'assistance
order' is different in that it does not require a person to produce
particular data; it only requires the person to provide information
necessary to enable a law enforcement officer to get access to the
computer. Once they have got access to the computer, the officer
still has to search for it and find it.
An assistance order typically takes the form
where, as part of a search of premises under the power of a
warrant, certain persons on the premises are required by the
relevant legislation to provide the executing officers 'with all
reasonable facilities and assistance for the exercise of their
powers'.(41) Again typically this obligation does not
extend to providing any documents requested by the officer if this
would tend to incriminate the person the subject(42) of
the request. Note that the privilege against self-incrimination -
which is common law concept - can be nullified if the relevant
legislation specifically requires that documents be provided or if
there is some reasonably clear intent in the legislation for the
privilege not to apply.
Under the common law, it is clear that a person
cannot refuse access to premises (so as to prevent search and
seizure of documents) by executing officers under the privilege
against self-incrimination. The privilege does allow a person to
decline to reveal the whereabouts of documents. Unfortunately,
there does not seem to be any obvious case law directly on the
point of what degree of assistance a person must provide to access
documents. New subsection 201A(2) provides that an
order requiring a person to provide access to computer data can
only be granted if the magistrate has reasonable grounds for
suspecting that evidential material is held in a computer or
accessible from it. Although not absolutely beyond doubt, the best
view of section 201A orders are that they are not
inconsistent with the common law privilege against
Item 13 is an amendment
consequential on item 12.
Items 14-30 amend various
aspects of the Customs Act 1901, particularly the powers
of Customs officers acting pursuant to a search warrant under
sections 200-202, which are very similar to those of police
officers under the Crimes Act. The main amendments mirror those by
made by items 5,7, 8 and 12 of
Schedule 2.
Item 21 is identical to that in
item 5.
Item 23 is identical to that in
item 7.
Item 24 is identical to that in
item 8.
Item 28 is identical to that in
item 12.
Item 31 provides that the
changes made by Schedule 2 only apply to warrants
issued after the comment of the schedule.
The existing computer-related crime provisions
in the Crimes Act 1914 certainly need updating. The
passage of the Bill, if amended by the generally sound
recommendations of the Senate committee, will create an appropriate
range of offences to match the growth in computer use and crime
since Part VIA of the Crimes Act 1914 came into effect
over ten years ago.
Some submissions to the Senate committee raised
concerns that some legitimate activities, such as the operations of
persons working in the security computer industry who use tools
similar to those employed by so-called 'hackers', may face some
risk of falling within the technical definitions of some of the
Bill's offences.(43) Fairly similar views have been
expressed by the Australian Democrats.(44) The ALP has
also been critical of what it sees as a lack of consultation with
the information technology industry in the development of the Bill,
although it appears to concede that this criticism does not apply
to the Model Criminal Code Officers Committee process in drafting
the Chapter 4 report.(45) While perhaps the majority of
the various concerns expressed in the submissions seem to be
adequately dealt with by the responses of the Attorney-General's
Department, the relative newness of some the Bill's technical
provisions would seem to justify the Australian Democrats
recommendation in the Senate inquiry report that:
....the legislation be amended to enable a
review of the use and application of the extended investigation
powers and new offences 18 months after the commencement of the
Angus Martyn
10 September 2001
Bills Digest Service
Information and Research Services
This paper has been prepared for general distribution to
Senators and Members of the Australian Parliament. While great care
is taken to ensure that the paper is accurate and balanced, the
paper is written using information publicly available at the time
of production. The views expressed are those of the author and
should not be attributed to the Information and Research Services
(IRS). Advice on legislation or legal policy issues contained in
this paper is provided for use in parliamentary debate and for
related parliamentary purposes. This paper is not professional
legal opinion. Readers are reminded that the paper is not an
official parliamentary or Australian government document.
© Commonwealth of Australia 2000
Except to the extent of the uses permitted under the
Copyright Act 1968, no part of this publication may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including
information storage and retrieval systems, without the prior
written consent of the Parliamentary Library, other than by Members
of the Australian Parliament in the course of their official
Published by the Department of the Parliamentary Library,
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text:
So… kicking off a two-month focus on Witches, Ghosts, and Creepy Ladies in History in celebration of my favorite holiday- HALLOWEEN.
In 1746, Henry Fanning purchased the 290 acres of land in Jamaica for him and his new bride, Rosa Palmer, but Henry died just a few months after they were married. Rosa married George Ash in 1750, and it was George who built the incredible Rose Hall- but he also died just a short time after the property was completed.
Surprise, surprise, Rosa was widowed once again after her 3rd marriage to Norwood Witter in 1767. Fourth time was the charm when she married John Palmer. When she died in 1790, the property was left to John then left it to his sons from a previous marriage. Blah blah blah… long story short… John's nephew, James, took over the place. He moved to Jamaica and then married Annie Patterson.
There are gruesome, but unproven, stories about Annie's activities on the plantation with regard to the mistreatment of slaves, killing her husband(s), etc. But there are some inconsistencies in the so-called facts. Many of the White Witch rumors come from a book by H.G. de Lisser "The White Witch of Rose Hall."
Regardless of what you believe about the tale, Rose Hall is considered one of the most haunted locations in the world.
I've included the lyrics of "The Ballad of Annie Palmer" on this painting. The song, by Johnny Cash, can be heard here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOSU5WMkOpo
You can also book a tour of the Hall here: https://rosehall.com/tours/
And… you can watch the Travel Channel's Ghost Adventure episode of the location here: http://www.travelchannel.com/tv-shows/ghost-adventures/travel-guides/rose-hall-jamaica


text:
By Jetonnica Dade
A long distance relationship is where two people live far away from each other and don't see each other on a day-to-day basis.
How does a long distance work?
Some long-distance relationships begin when you meet someone traveling, or online. Some relationships begin when one of you moves away for work, school, or because your family moves.
How can you make a long distance relationship work?
The number one thing to making it work is to make a commitment in your relationship. Like the more time you spend together, the greater the chances of bonding between the two of you, and the more opportunity you have to get know more about one another.
Foley High School Junior Jacob Stockwell said, " Communication plays a huge factor like in any other relationship. You have to make time for that person at least once a day ,whether that be calling the person, or sending them a quick text to show your significant other that you are thinking about them. As a side note, long distance relationships aren't for everybody. You have to trust the person will not just hook up with anybody. Trust is hard for some people. In relationship, you won't always know where you are at every given moment. Those kinds of people are the ones not fit for long distance dating. The bottom line is that long distance relationships can work and will work if you allow them to."
What are challenges in long distance relationships and ways to overcome them?
All relationship have challenges; however, long distance relationships often present additional issues.
The toughest things about being in a long distance relationship might include
- loneliness
- jealousy
- insecurity
How can you overcome these problems?
- Keep in touch daily
- Be open and honest with each other
- Make time for the two of you when you are together
Foley High School sophomore Heaven Ramos said, "Long distance relationships are not meant for teens. We are constantly changing our minds, loosing interest, and meeting new people. When you don't see your partner on a regular basis, it can be hard to stay faithful."
What can you do when things in the relationship aren't working out?
Like any relationship, there can be times that you argue or go through tough times even when you are not in the same location. This may not signal the end of the relationship; instead, it could be a result of a lack of communication, a difference in opinion, or uncertainty about how the relationship is going.
Foley High School sophomore Trenton Trotter said,"Trust is the #1 thing you must have in a long distance relationship. If you don't have trust in the relationship, you don't have a relationship. Trust that person until they give you a reason not to trust them. Also communicate with your partner. Make sure that you are on their mind as much as you are on theirs."
Foley High School sophomore Jada Powell said, "Long distance relationships aren't the best ideas in my opinion. At least not for teens these days. It takes a lot of trust. Some people are already a bit crazy about what their partner may be doing, so imagine them in a long distance relationship. It would make them go insane. However, some people can handle it. Being in a relationship takes responsibility. If you're in school or working, that brings more responsibilities. To make the relationship work, you need a lot of trust and need to know that both people are faithful. Then it should work out."
Long distance relationships can be tough. It seems like if you are willing to put in the time and effort to hold the relationship together while you are not in the same place, things can work out fine.
But there are many issues that need to be overcome, which can be difficult for many immature and jealous teenagers.