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The position of women in 20th-century British sculpture
IT WAS IN the summer of 1985 when I was building a large sculpture at the Portland Clifftop Sculpture Park that I was struck by the equal numbers of men and women sculptors participating. Furthermore the women were, on the whole, using the heavy plant such as cement mixers and dumper trucks for the making of their projects, which were mainly large scale and very ambitious.
This raised interesting questions about the numbers of women working as sculptors. On my return from this residency, I attempted to look into the work of women sculptors but found a dearth of information on them although there was a growing volume of information on painters. I therefore decided to embark on this research as an M. Phil. with the University of Leeds.
Deciding I needed direct access to women sculptors, I sent out questionnaires carefully designed to elicit information on how their development towards sculpture evolved from the earliest years, detailing their art education, materials used and the sources for their sculpture, where they work and how they exhibit. Questions were also asked on their attitudes towards the feminist movement, their views on equitability for women sculptors, fitting in partners and children, as well as inviting comments on various procedures in sculpture and their views not only on the future for women in sculpture but also on the state of sculpture in general.
The questions were designed to elicit answers that go to the heart of women in their relationship to sculpture. I realised that I had to create my own archive, as there was nowhere that information of this kind could be found, because the kind of questions I asked were not just factual but probed into areas which had never been documented.
I had an enthusiastic response from all the organisations in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland that I contacted for lists of women sculptors. Mostly they responded with general lists and all showed interest in any Index that might result from the research. I was overwhelmed with the amazing response to the questionnaire and to date have received around 250 replies together with numerous phone calls and letters of support and encouragement for the project. I
was delighted with the enthusiasm and humbled by the honesty with which the women answered the questions in depth; many added extra pages of information when the spaces were too small for all that they had to say. Several wondered how I had found them as they had thought that they were invisible. Their ages ranged from birthdates in the early 1900s to the 1960s which gives a very clear overview of women working as sculptors today. I am also in the process of interviewing several sculptors each of whom fulfil different criteria, for a more detailed discussion on various topics.
All this information is now being collated and will result in not only a survey of women sculptors living, working and surviving in Britain today, but also should produce an Index of women sculptors which will be available eventually for reference. Should anyone reading this who has not received a questionnaire or who has received one but not returned it completed, contact me at Mount Pleasant Farm, 105 Moss Lane, Bramhall, Cheshire SK7 1EG, as this is a continuing project and is by no means complete.
Although the information is at present still being digested, the striking impression is that there is a tremendous amount of confidence among women regarding not only their future as sculptors but also the future for women in the sculpture world. No longer are they hidden as they used to be but are determined that they and their work will be seen.
The majority of the sculptors have had formal training within the art school system. Some found it helpful and constructive, others found it unhelpful and very destructive. Mostly courses were seen to be a combination but it became obvious that, for an alarming number of women, many bitter memories were aroused due, not only to a lack of understanding of their work by the invariably male lecturers and the issues raised by it, but also to the lack of women lecturers employed both part-time and full-time as role models. Sexual harassment was another issue raised. There were, of course, those who found the courses of great benefit and had no complaints, but it is an interesting point that whatever their reactions were to the varied courses, the majority felt that they were necessary for the development of their work because of the opportunities the course gave in time, materials, the chance to learn necessary skills, contact with fellow students and the invigorating effect of visiting lecturers, particularly when they were women.
It is clear that the attitudes of women today are much more positive not only about themselves and their work but also about their place in the art world. This is evident in the choice of materials for their sculpture, much of which is unorthodox and non-traditional, such as cloth, paper, leather, polythene, even soil and photography, as well as the more commonly accepted ones of clay, wax, wood, stone, steel and bronze, as are their methods of making the work. As well as utilising the more conventional methods of carving/modelling/casting, women now have the confidence to make work in whatever media or about whatever subject they choose, and using whichever method of making is appropriate because it is suitable for that particular sculpture rather than adhering to traditional sculptural concerns. Should they choose to stay with conventional methods it is because they have decided to and want to, not because they feel they have to. It is this freedom that makes the future for women in sculpture look so positive. No longer are they hidebound by a conservative outlook because of their past insecurity and hidden art history; they are now able to enjoy a freedom hitherto unknown which enables them to explore their own world of sculpture and create their own traditions.
However the future is not all rosy and many feel that there will be still a great deal of struggle to succeed. Opinion is clearly divided about the way forward. There are those who wholly support and feel that the future lies in women's shows; on the other hand there are those who feel that separatism is to be avoided and strongly criticise the whole concept of women's shows; there is obviously room for both views, and women now have the choice of participating in either women's shows or mixed shows and have the freedom and confidence to exhibit in both.
A large majority of women sculptors agree that equitability is improving; there is a small minority who disagree, a few feel unsure about the issue and there are those who feel that there is no gender difference apparent. However there are reservations, and frequently women are still thought to be included in major shows as tokens. 'Starlit Waters', British Sculpture 1968-1988, the opening sculpture exhibition at the Tate of the North, in Liverpool, illustrates the point in question; out of 18 sculptors only two, Alison Wilding and Shirazeh Houshiary, are women.
The women's movement must have contributed to this changed climate, even if it was only recognised subconsciously. Many admit that the women's movement has personally affected them, their life and their work; others acknowledge its impact; very few feel it hasn't affected them at all. Several older sculptors wished that it had happened much earlier so that they too could have reaped the benefits sooner.
Attitudes of art administrators, gallery owners and keepers, critics and art historians came in for much criticism. Many were praised for being helpful and supportive, equally others were criticised for unhelpfulness and for being patronising. Alarmingly some were accused of being careerists and of exploiting artists to further their own careers; inevitably there were those who were cited as being too commercially minded and reluctant to show certain kinds of work which may not find favour in the selling market, and finally there was evidence of straight chauvinism. But on the whole most artists had had some good experiences with them though it was felt that critics and art historians tended to support the star system rather than risking support for an unknown. Some women complained bitterly that their work was literally written out of art history or ignored by critics. This is a serious accusation which I found to be true (hence this research) and I, as a practising sculptor, am attempting to redress the balance by producing information about and a history of contemporary women sculptors.
Fitting partners and children in with working as a sculptor bring its own problems, many typical of any working woman. However it became apparent that the problems of women sculptors were in many ways different to those of other working women. Sculpture and/or art is not just a job or a profession but a lifestyle which can become wholly consuming not only in time and energy but also in the emotion and passion which goes into the making of it. The dedication needed to be a sculptor can create problems within the family whereby resentment can arise at the amount of time, energy and commitment required. Happily, many partners were and are found to be supportive, financially, emotionally and physically; some were supportive to an extent. Sadly, others were non-supportive and frequently the relationship was dissolved because their partner could not accept the demands of sculpture as a career, and a choice was made. A surprising number of women wait until the children are old enough to be left or at school before embarking on a career in sculpture–numerous mature students responded. It is obvious that unless a woman has a support system for looking after children, furthering one's career was definitely impeded. Even Barbara Hepworth's triplets were cared for until they were three at a nearby nurses' training college, which gave her the time to work, and after that she employed a nanny. (1) Although children were never regretted, in spite of working time becoming extremely precious, partners frequently were. Unexpectedly, a considerable number had decided not to have children as they felt that they would be unable to continue working, confirming the total commitment they had made to sculpture. On a more positive note, partners and children frequently provided the inspiration or source material for work, even modelling at times.
This is a provisional report on a massive archive collected over the last 18 months and can only indicate questions raised within it. The survey is not a critical one; it is a sociological and economic survey to discover how women live and work as sculptors in the United Kingdom, how they survive, how they feel about their work and how they manage their lives. It is targeted at the unknown sculptor as well as the famous: their problems are similar, as are their hopes, dreams and criticisms. As one sculptor said so succinctly: 'The future of women in sculpture is the future of sculpture itself'.


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by Marty Irby
Surf KY News Group
WASHINGTON (7/24/14) — The Energy and Power Subcommittee, chaired by Rep. Ed Whitfield (R-KY), held a hearing on 'Laboratories of Democracy: The Economic Impacts of State Energy Policies.'
The hearing examined the economic impacts from the differing energy policies of the various states, as well as how federal policies may impact states…
Tom Tanton, Director of Science and Technology Assessment at the Energy and Environment Legal Institute, noted the benefits of decentralized state energy policies, and explained how states can learn from others' failures and successes. "Each state has different needs, opportunity and challenges, and may benefit from lessons learned in earlier attempts in other states (both positive and negative.) It is unlikely that what works efficiently or effectively in one state is ideal for another state," said Tanton.


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Image size 1.99MB
Image size 1.99MB
Phylum - Chordata
Class - Reptilia
Order - Squamata
Family - Boidae
Circadian Cycle - Nocturnal
There are 4 main classified and identified species of anaconda as it is largest of them all so it is considered as the largest one and only two are most commonly known and the famed one is "Eunectes murinus" (green anaconda)which has a record of diameters up to 30cm when in cool and can spread to eat prey of 3 times the diameter of its own with ease and is the heaviest snake and can weigh up to 250kg's though most commonly are 130kg's , but dose not eat humans only because of high content of uric acid and genetically imbalance causing ultra pathologically skinning , so prefers mostly only fishes and caimans (species of alligators) and is reportedly said that a anaconda eats a caiman of seven feet with an ease and likes eating them.
zoological nomenclature:
Eunectes murinus (Green Anaconda)(formerly called BoaMurina)reliably reported in the 30 feet
Eunectes notaeus (yellow Anaconda) grows average upto 9-10 feet
Eunectes deschauenseei (dark spotted or Deschauense's Anaconda)
Eunectes beniensis (Bolivian Anaconda)
Dog survived after falling into a river channel by 2 friends, they found the dog struggling in the river canal and safeguard it.
Location: Tamilnadu, India
Thanks to : Cute Pictures
Young Women
Died (Killed) in Iran Protest – Disturbing Video that catches wounded young girl dying in front of the camera..
All Social Medias are very active in this new age providing live pictures of Iran protests, Here is one video published by Mashable an young woman shot by a civilian and she died within 2 minutes.
WARNING: The following video is very graphic, disturbing, and involves the death of an Iranian woman. DO NOT WATCH unless you feel capable AND are old enough.
This is the source news from Mashable:
At 19:05 June 20th
Place: Karekar Ave., at the corner crossing Khosravi St. and Salehi st.
A young woman who was standing aside with her father watching the protests was shot by a basij member hiding on the rooftop of a civilian house. He had clear shot at the girl and could not miss her. However, he aimed straight her heart. I am a doctor, so I rushed to try to save her. But the impact of the gunshot was so fierce that the bullet had blasted inside the victim's chest, and she died in less than 2 minutes.
The protests were going on about 1 kilometers away in the main street and some of the protesting crowd were running from tear gass used among them, towards Salehi St.


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This can be a space on top of a dresser or a
small table. Make a list of everything you are
thankful for-including your family, friends, job,
good health, home, and so on. Make the list as
long and specific as possible, and list everyone
and everything by name. Then take a clear jar or
vase and fill it with small objects, such as
pebbles, or marbles, one for each item on the list.
Place a few pictures of specific blessings, such as
pictures of your children, your mate and so on,
in front of the jar. Place a white candle on this
altar, and light it every day for a few minutes
while you give thanks for your many blessings
Wednesday, June 29, 2011
This can be a space on top of a dresser or a
Posted by Raven_Nightwind at 6:20 AM 1 comments
Labels: Spells
Tuesday, June 28, 2011
His temple (next to that of Tlaloc) on the Main Pyramid was the focus of fearsome sacrifices of prisoners captured by Aztec warriors. Victims' heads were strung as trophies on a great rack, the Tzompantli, erected in the precinct below.
God of War-Lord of the South-The Young Warrior-Lord of the Day- The Blue Tezcatliopoca of the South-Patron God of the Mexica. Known metaphorically as "The Blue Heron Bird", "The Lucid Macaw", and "The Eagle".
The derivation of his name may have come from the ancient Chichimeca "Tetzauhteotl", possibly meaning "Omen-God".
He is considered an incarnation of the sun and struggles with the forces of night to keep mankind alive. Only to have found a place of major worship among the Aztec peoples. Huitzilopochtli is credited with inducing the Aztecs to migrate from their homeland in "Aztlan" and begin the long wanderings which brought their tribe to the Mexico Valley.
According to Aztec legend, Coatlicue, goddess of the earth had given birth to the moon and stars. The moon, Coyolxauhqui, and the stars called, Centzonhuitznahuac, became jealous of Coatlicue's pregnancy with Huitzilopochtli. During his birth, Huitzilopochtli used the "serpent of fire" and the sun's rays to defeat the moon and stars. Every day the battle continues between day and night. The Mexica saw the sunrise as a daily victory for this deity over the forces of darkness.
Huitzilopochtli can only be fed by Chalchihuatl, or the blood of sacrifice, to sustain him in his daily battle. He resides in the seventh heaven of Aztec mythology. The seventh heaven is represented as blue. His temple on the great Pyramid in Tenochtitlan was called Lihuicatl Xoxouqui, or "Blue Heaven". Over 20,000 victims are thought to have been ritually killed at the opening of his great temple in Tenochtitlan during a four day period.
Duran relates that the great temple contained a wooden statue carved to look like a man sitting on a blue wood bench. A serpent pole extended from each corner to give the appearance of the bench as a litter. On his head was placed a headdress in the shape of a bird's beak. A curtain was always hung in front of the image to indicate reverence.
Tlacaelel, the Aztec power broker, is thought to have propelled this god into the place of importance that Huitzilopochtli held, some suggest even re-writing Mexican history.
Huitzilopochtli's creation may have come from the ancient Mexica god "Opochtli", the Left Handed One, and a leading old Chichimec god of weapons and water. He was called "He Who Divides the Waters", and was principal in worship in the Huitzilopochco area and it's famous waters. Opochtli is thought to have been worshipped in ancient Aztlan.
Huitzilopochtli is said to be a representation of Tezcatlipoca in midsummer as the high sun in the southern sky. His name may have derived with his association with the color blue as when staring at the sun, spots of blue are seen by the eyes after looking away. His association with "on the left", was because when facing in the direction of the sun's path, east to west, the sun passed on the left.
Huitzilopochtli was the most celebrated of the Mexican deities and came to embody the aspirations and accomplishments of the Aztec. His cult could have been considered the "state cult" and was a focus of the powerful economic and political system.
Also known as "The Portentous One", as he directed the Mexica on their nomadic trek into the Valley of Mexico through a series of signs and omens. It was Huitzilopochtli who sent the eagle to perch on the nopal cactus to indicate the site of the Mexica's final resting place. His elevation to the rank of a major deity coincided with the formation of the triple alliance between Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan. At this formation of the alliance his recognition as the god of war was complete and total.
As the power of Tenochtitlan grew his image was incorporated into the new lands and regions coming under Mexica control and he assumed new prominence and attributes even to the point of usurping the more traditional sun god, Tonatiuh. His main temple in the great temple of Tenochtitlan, (the Temple Mayor), was set alongside Tlaloc, god of rain, the symbolism of these two deities elevated above all others was a reflection of the economic status of the Mexica empire, (agriculture and war-tribute). Of interest many pictures and statues have survived of Tlaloc and other major deities but relatively few of Huitzilopochtli.
Images of Huitzilopochtli may be found in the Codex Borbonicus in which he is depicted standing in front of a small temple in his honor, in the Codex Telleriano-Remensis, in his capacity as symbol of the month of Panquetzaliztli, and in a dual painting with Paynal, (messenger god), in Sahagun's Primeros Memoriales. His image further adorns the Codex Boturini in his guidance of the Mexica on their wanderings.
In the Codex Azcatitlan he is represented as a combination hummingbird and serpent tail being carried in what might be thought of as a backpack. In the Codex Florentine his birth is recorded as well as his famous battle with the stars. In all painted images his adornments are different, some with a shield of turquoise mosaic, others with a shield of white eagle feathers. The central image in all drawings is that of a warrior and a leader. He is often depicted as a seed dough image or "teixiptla" which was often made and prized during feasts.
Although Huitzilopochtli was worshipped greatly during the entire Mexica year he was of particular importance during the feast of Toxcatl, Dry Thing, Tlaxochimaco, Giving of Flowers, Teotleco, Arrival of Gods, and Panquetzaliztli, Raising of Banners. The feast honoring the raising of banners is generally thought to be his major yearly feast.
Nowhere was Huitzilopochtli more honored than in his main temple atop the great pyramid in Tenochtitlan in the Temple Mayor. His main cult statue stood in the southernmost corner of the twin shrines to him and Tlaloc. The shrine to this deity is described in detail by Duran as well as accounts by several of the soldiers with Cortes, namely Andres de Tapia and Bernal Diaz as well as Cortes himself.
Duran claims to describe the statue based on reports from native informants and from direct interviews with surviving conquistadors. He describes the image as a wooden statue carved to look like a man seated on a blue wooden bench in the form of a liter. The liter poles contained images of serpents long enough to be carried on the shoulder of men. The bench was in the traditional Huitzilopochtli "sky blue" color. The image itself had a blue forehead with a blue band reaching from ear to ear also blue.
The image had a headdress shaped like a hummingbird beak made of gold. The feathers adorning the headdress were a beautiful green. In his left hand he held a shield, white, with five bunches of white feathers in the form of a cross. Four arrows extended from the handle of the shield. In his right hand he held a staff in the image of a serpent which was also blue. Gold bracelets were on his wrists and he wore blue foot sandals. This image was covered from view with a type of curtain adorned with jewels and gold. Bernal Diaz also relates an account and it is certainly worth reading.
Huitzilopochtli shared the top of the great temple with Tlaloc in Texcoco as well as in Tenochtitlan and is described in detail in Pomar's book. Pomar's Huitzilopochtli was an image of a standing young man, made from wood adorned with a cloak of rich feathers and wearing an ornate necklace of jade and turquoise surrounded by golden bells. His body paint was blue with a blue striped face. His hair was of eagle feathers and had a headdress of quetzal (46) feathers.
Oh his shoulder was a form of a hummingbird's head. His legs were adorned and decorated with gold bells. In his hand was held a large spear, a spearthrower, and a feathered shield covered with a lattice work of gold stripes.
There was no greater worshipped image to the Mexica and the stone idol that was atop the pyramid in Tenochtitlan that was removed under the eyes of Cortes. The idol was entrusted to a man called Tlatolatl. Tlatolatl successfully was able to hide this image of Huitzilopochtli as was uncovered during an investigation by the Bishop Zummaraga during the 1530's. The statue has never been found and is probably resting and waiting today in a cave somewhere in northern Mexico.
Listed in the Codex Boturini, the sacred bundle of Huitzilopochtli carried during the wandering years was born by four "bearers", named Tezacoatl, (Mirror Serpent), Chimalma, (Shield Hand), Apanecatl, (Water Headdress), and Cuauhcoatl, (Eagle Serpent). The Codex Azcatitlan shows only two god bearers. Duran agrees that there were four bearers but does not name them. Juan de Torquemada in his "Monarquia indiana also confers the four god bearers. Hernando Alvarado Tezozomoc keeps the bearer Cuauhcoatl but replaces the other three with Quauhtlonquetzque, Axoloa, and Ococaltzin. To further confuse this issue the Cronica Mexicayotl replaces Cuauhcoatl, (Eagle Serpent), with Iztamixcoatzin, (White Cloud Serpent).
Posted by Raven_Nightwind at 8:49 AM 0 comments
Monday, June 27, 2011
Huehueteotl ("Old god"; agéd god in Nahuatl) is a Mesoamerican deity figuring in the pantheons of pre-Columbian cultures, particularly in Aztec mythology and others of the Central Mexico region. He is also sometimes called Ueueteotl. Although known mostly in the cultures of that region, images and iconography depicting Huehueteotl have been found at other archaeological sites across Mesoamerica, such as in the Gulf region, western Mexico, Protoclassic-era sites in the Guatemalan highlands such as Kaminaljuyú and Late-Postclassic sites on the northern Yucatán Peninsula.
Huehueteotl is frequently considered to overlap with, or be another aspect of, a central Mexican/Aztec deity associated with fire, Xiuhtecuhtli. In particular, the Florentine Codex identifies Huehueteotl as an alternative epithet for Xiutecuhtli, and consequently that deity is sometimes referred to as Xiutecuhtli-Huehueteotl.
However, Huehueteotl is characteristically depicted as an aged or even decrepit being, whereas Xiutecuhtli's appearance is much more youthful and vigorous, and he has a marked association with rulership and (youthful) warriors.
Posted by Raven_Nightwind at 8:48 AM 0 comments
Sunday, June 26, 2011
In Aztec mythology, Ehecatl ("wind") was the god of wind, an aspect of Quetzalcoatl. His breath moved the sun and pushed away rain. He fell in love with a human girl named Mayahuel, and gave mankind the ability to love so that she could return his passion. He had no known permanent physical form. The One Who Causes Movement of Matter in the Universe: Yohualli Ehecatl referring to Our Creator as the Mover of Matter in the universe, as Our Father.
Posted by Raven_Nightwind at 4:44 AM 0 comments
Saturday, June 25, 2011
In Aztec mythology, Coyolxauhqui ("golden bells") was a moon goddess. She was a daughter of Coatlicue and the ruler of the Centzon Huitznahuas, the star gods. She was a powerful magician and led her siblings in an attack on their mother, Coatlicue, because she became pregnant in a shameful way (by a ball of feathers). Coatlicue's fetus, Huitzilopochtli, sprang from her womb in full war armour and killed Coyolxauhqui, along with many of the brothers and sisters. He cut off her limbs, then tossed her head into the sky where it became the moon, so that his mother would be comforted in seeing her daughter in the sky every night.
A shield-shaped stone frieze reflecting this story was found at the base of the stairs on the Templo Mayor. In this frieze, Coyolxauhqui is shown spread out on her side, with her head, arms and legs chopped away from her body. She is distinguished by balls of eagle down in her hair, a bell symbol on her cheek, and an ear tab showing the Mexica year sign. As with images of her mother, she is shown with a skull tied to her belt. Scholars also believe that the decapitation and destruction of Coyolxauhqui is reflected in the pattern of warrior ritual sacrifice. First, captive's hearts were cut out, then they were decapitated, their limbs chopped off, and finally their bodies were cast from the temple, to lie, perhaps, on the great Coyolxauhqui stone.
Coyolxauhqui's celestial associations are not limited to the moon. Other scholars feel she should be understood as the Goddess of the Milky Way, or be associated with patterns of stars associated with Huitzilopochtli.
Posted by Raven_Nightwind at 8:21 AM 0 comments
Friday, June 24, 2011
Coatlicue, also known as Teteoinan (also transcribed Teteo Inan) ("The Mother of Gods"), is the Aztec goddess who gave birth to the moon, stars, and Huitzilopochtli, the god of the sun and war. She is also known as Toci, ("Our Grandmother"), and Cihuacoatl, ("The Lady of the serpent"), the patron of women who die in childbirth.
The word "Coatlicue" is Nahuatl for "the one with the skirt of serpents". She is referred to by the epithets "Mother Goddess of the Earth who gives birth to all celestial things", "Goddess of Fire and Fertility", "Goddess of Life, Death and Rebirth" and "Mother of the Southern Stars".
She is represented as a woman wearing a skirt of writhing snakes and a necklace made of human hearts, hands and skulls. Her feet and hands are adorned with claws (for digging graves) and her breasts are depicted as hanging flaccid from nursing. Coatlicue keeps on her chest the hands, hearts and skulls of her children so they can be purified in their mother's chest.
Almost all representation of this goddess depict her deadly side, because Earth, as well as loving mother, is the insatiable monster that consumes everything that lives. She represents the devouring mother, in whom both the womb and the grave exist.
According to the legend, she was magically impregnated while still a virgin by a ball of feathers that fell on her while she was sweeping a temple. She gave birth to Quetzalcoatl and Xolotl. In a fit of wrath her four hundred children, who were encouraged by Coyolxauhqui (her daughter), decapitated her. The god Huitzilopochtli afterward emerged from Coatlicue's womb fully grown and girded for battle and killed many of his brothers and sisters, including decapitating Coyolxauhqui and throwing her head into the sky to become the Moon. In a variation of this legend, Huitzilopochtli himself is conceived by the ball-of-feathers incident and emerges from the womb in time to save his mother from harm.
A massive sculpture known as the Coatlicue Stone was discovered by the astronomer Antonio de León y Gama in August of 1790 after an urban redevelopment program uncovered artifacts. Six months later, the team discovered the massive Aztec sun stone. De León y Gama's account of the discoveries was the first archeological work on Pre-Columbian Mexico.
Posted by Raven_Nightwind at 4:20 AM 0 comments
Thursday, June 23, 2011
In Aztec mythology, Cihuacoatl ("snake woman"; also Chihucoatl, Ciucoatl) was one of a number of motherhood and fertility goddesses. (See also Ilamatecuhtli, Teteoinnan, Tlazolteotl, and Toci.)
Cihuacoatl was especially associated with midwives, and with the sweatbaths where midwives practiced. She is paired with Quilaztli and was considered a protectress of Chalmeca and patroness of Culhuacan. She helped Quetzalcoatl create the current race of humanity by grinding up bones from the previous ages, and mixing it with his blood. She is also the mother of Mixcoatl, who she abandoned at a crossroads. Tradition says that she often returns there to weep for her lost son, only to find a sacrificial knife.
Although she was sometimes depicted as a young woman, similar to Xochiquetzal, she is more often shown as a fierce skull-faced old woman carrying the spears and shield of a warrior. Childbirth was sometimes compared to warfare and the women who died in childbirth were honored as fallen warriors. Their spirits, the Cihuateteo, were depicted with skeletal faces like Cihuacoatl. Like her, the Cihuateteo are thought to haunt crossroads at night to steal children.
Cihuacoatl was also a noble title among the Aztecs, given to the secondary ruler of Tenochtitlan who was responsible for the day-to-day affairs of the capital city. Tlacaelel served as Cihuacoatl under four Aztec kings (Tlatoanis) during the 15th century. As Cihuacoatl he counselled the ruler and personally took charge of the military and public sacrifices.
Posted by Raven_Nightwind at 8:19 AM 0 comments
Wednesday, June 22, 2011
In Aztec mythology, Chicomecoatl ("Seven Serpent", also the name of a day of the Aztec calendar) was a goddess of food and produce, especially maize and, by extension, a goddess of fertility.
Every September, she received a sacrifice of young girl, decapitated. The sacrifice's blood was poured on a statue of Chicmecoatl and her skin was worn by a priest. She was thought of as a female counterpart to Centeotl and was also called Xilonen ("the hairy one", which referred to the hairs on unshucked maize), who was married to Tezcatlipoca. She often appeared with attributes of Chalchiuhtlicue, such as her headdress and the short lines rubbing down her cheeks. She is usually distinguished by being shown carrying ears of maize. She is shown in three different forms:
As a young girl carrying flowers
As a woman who brings death with her embraces
As a mother who uses the sun as a shield
Posted by Raven_Nightwind at 8:17 AM 0 comments
Tuesday, June 21, 2011
In Aztec mythology, Chantico ("she who dwells in the house") was the goddess of fires in the family hearth and volcanoes. She broke a fast by eating paprika with roasted fish, and was turned into a dog by Tonacatecuhtli. She also wears a crown of poisonous cactus spikes, and takes the form of a red serpent.
Posted by Raven_Nightwind at 4:13 AM 0 comments
Monday, June 20, 2011
In Aztec mythology, Chalchiuhtlicue (also Chalciuhtlicue, or Chalcihuitlicue) ("She of the Jade Skirt") was the goddess of lakes and streams. She is also a patroness of birth and plays a part in Aztec baptisms. In the myth of the five suns, she had dominion over the fourth world, which was destroyed in a great flood. She also presides over the day 5 Serpent and the trecena of 1 Reed.Her husband was Tlaloc and with him, she was the mother of Tecciztecatl and ruler over Tlalocan. In her aquatic aspect, she was known as Acuecucyoticihuati, goddess of oceans, rivers and any other running water, as well as the patron of women in labor. She was also said to be the wife of Xiuhtecuhtli. She is sometimes associated with a rain goddess, Matlalcueitl.
In art, Chalciuhtlicue was illustrated wearing a green skirt and with short black vertical lines on the lower part of her face. In some scenes babies may be seen in a stream of water issuing from her skirts. Sometimes she is symbolized by a river with a heavily laden prickly pear tree growing on one bank. She is depicted in several central Mexican manuscripts, including the Pre-Columbian Codex Borgia on plates 11 and 65 and in the 16th century Codex Borbonicus on page 5 and Codex Ríos on page 17. When sculpted, she is often carved from green stone as befits her name.
Posted by Raven_Nightwind at 4:12 AM 0 comments
Sunday, June 19, 2011
Posted by Raven_Nightwind at 4:11 AM 0 comments
Saturday, June 18, 2011
Aztec Gods and Goddesses
Aztec Gods and Goddesses, I have decided to give some props to my ancestors and their beleifs. I hope you guys enjoy.
Religion was extremely important in Aztec life. They worshipped hundreds of gods and goddesses, each of whom ruled one or more human activities or aspects of nature. The people had many agricultural gods because their culture was based heavily on farming; also they included natural elements and ancestor-heroes.
They believed that the balance of the natural world, the processes that make life possible - like the rain or solar energy - and that the destiny of people depended on the will of these gods. While some deities were benevolent, others had terrifying characteristics.
The Aztecs thought that the power of the gods should be acknowledged and thanks given to them, so as to avoid the catastrophes that their rage or indifference could cause. For this reason, the monumental ceremonial centers were built and there were so many religious rites. The existence of the gods and their goodwill were maintained by offering up the most valuable human possession, life. This then, was the origin of human sacrifice and the ritual of bearing intense physical pain, which believers intentionally caused themselves.
Posted by Raven_Nightwind at 4:09 AM 0 comments
Labels: Aztec culture
Friday, June 17, 2011
Huehueteotl ("Old god"; agéd god in Nahuatl) is a Mesoamerican deity figuring in the pantheons of pre-Columbian cultures, particularly in Aztec mythology and others of the Central Mexico region. He is also sometimes called Ueueteotl. Although known mostly in the cultures of that region, images and iconography depicting Huehueteotl have been found at other archaeological sites across Mesoamerica, such as in the Gulf region, western Mexico, Protoclassic-era sites in the Guatemalan highlands such as Kaminaljuyú and Late-Postclassic sites on the northern Yucatán Peninsula.
Huehueteotl is frequently considered to overlap with, or be another aspect of, a central Mexican/Aztec deity associated with fire, Xiuhtecuhtli. In particular, the Florentine Codex identifies Huehueteotl as an alternative epithet for Xiutecuhtli, and consequently that deity is sometimes referred to as Xiutecuhtli-Huehueteotl.
However, Huehueteotl is characteristically depicted as an aged or even decrepit being, whereas Xiutecuhtli's appearance is much more youthful and vigorous, and he has a marked association with rulership and (youthful) warriors.
Posted by Raven_Nightwind at 8:46 AM 0 comments
An Aztec Goddess
The Aztec pantheon is not often heard about in modern Pagan circles, but the Aztec Deities are interesting nonetheless (and somewhat difficult to pronounce).
Tlazolteotl - Eater of Filth
Tlazolteotl was the Goddess of love, lust, passion and sex. She was also considered an Earth Goddess and related to childbirth and fertility. Her colourful nickname comes from how She devoured the sins of the dying. She also consumed the sins from anyone who confesses them to Her.
Posted by Raven_Nightwind at 8:03 AM 0 comments
Almost time
Well, my hubby leaves for basic training this coming tuesday, he will be gone for 14 weeks our daughter is gonna miss him sooo much.
Posted by Raven_Nightwind at 7:52 AM 0 comments
Labels: Family
Thursday, June 2, 2011
They grow up so fast
Posted by Raven_Nightwind at 9:29 AM 1 comments
Act by not acting;
do by not doing.
Enjoy the plain and simple.
Find that greatness in the small.
Take care of difficult problems
...while they are still easy;
Do easy things before they become too hard.
Don't fret over the small details, and let things happen as they may.
Posted by Raven_Nightwind at 9:29 AM 0 comments


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Area of Focus: Social Media
Jamie Carter-Logan assists the Anania Media team with social media and copywriting projects. Jamie previously worked in Maine government assisting lawmakers with communications and constituent outreach efforts. She enjoys crafting words to help people and businesses get their message out via online, print, and broadcast media.
Jamie earned her BA from the Catholic University of America and an MA from the University of Maine. A Portland native, she now resides in Augusta with her husband Bill and cat Rosalita.


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February 23, 2007John F. Kennedy Space Center Americas gateway to the universe Spaceport News http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/news/snews/spnews_toc.html Vol. 46, No. 4 Space Shuttle Atlantis at pad for March launch (See ATLANTIS, Page 4) NASAs THEMIS begins mission to study geomagnetic substorms NASAS THEMIS mission launches Feb. 17 at Pad 17-B. T he Space Shuttle Atlantis arrived at Launch Pad 39A on Feb. 15 in preparation for the STS-117 mission next month. While at the pad, the shuttle will undergo final testing, payload installation and a hot fire test of auxiliary power units. Atlantis targeted launch date is March 15. During the 11-day mission, the crew will install a new truss segment, retract a set of solar arrays and unfold a new set of arrays on the starboard side of the station. The launch marks the first liftoff from Pad 39A in four years. The astronauts and ground crews for the mission will complete the launch dress rehearsal, known as the terminal countdown demonstration test, today at Kennedy. The test provides the crew of each shuttle mission with an opportunity to participate in various simulated countdown activities, including equipment familiarization. With two successful missions leading the way, those involved with this flight are hoping it will be the best yet. Were really fortunate that we have those guys to follow, Atlantis commander, Rick Sturckow, said. Almost everything went great on those missions, and the things that didnt go so well, were able to learn from. The new set of solar arrays that Sturckows crew Pilot Lee Archambault and Mission Specialists Patrick Forrester, Steven Swanson, John Danny Olivas and Jim Reilly will install on the starboard side of the station will be a mirror image of those installed on the port side in September. And like the crew that installed the port arrays, the STS-117 crew will be in charge of unfolding theFLAGS ARE flying at the entrance to Launch Pad 39A, where Space Shuttle Atlantis has come to a stop. At left are the rotating and fixed service structures. N ASAs THEMIS mission successfully launched Feb. 17 from Pad 17-B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. THEMIS stands for the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms. It is NASAs first five-satellite mission launched aboard a single rocket. Approximately two hours later, mission operators at the University of California, Berkeley, commanded and received signals from all five spacecraft, confirming nominal separation status. The mission will help resolve the mystery of what triggers geomagnetic substorms. Substorms are atmospheric events visible in the Northern Hemisphere as a sudden brightening of the Northern Lights, or aurora borealis. The findings from the mission may help protect commercial satellites and humans in space from the adverse effects of particle radiation. THEMIS satellite constellation will line up along the sun-Earth line, collect coordinated measurements, and observe substorms during the two-year mission. Data collected from the five identical probes will help pinpoint where and when substorms begin, a feat impossible with any previous single-satellite mission. According to researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, the THEMIS mission will make a breakthrough in our understanding of how Earths magnetosphere stores and releases energy from the sun and also will demonstrate the tremendous potential that constellation missions have for space exploration. THEMIS unique alignments also will answer how the sun-Earth interaction is affected by Earths bow shock, and how killer electrons at Earths radiation belts are accelerated. The Mission Operations Center at the University of California, Berkeley, will monitor the health and status of the five satellites. Instrument scientists will turn on and characterize the instruments during the next 30 days. The center will then assign each spacecraft a target orbit within the THEMIS constellation based on its performance. Mission operators will direct (See THEMIS, Page 5)
SPACEPORT NEWS February 23, 2007 Page 2 Awards By Linda Herridge Staff Writer N ASAs fiscal year 2008 budget and this years launch processing activities at Kennedy Space Center were the focus of an all hands meeting by Center Director Bill Parsons on Feb. 6. Were ready for 2007, Parsons said as he recapped last years activities. Weve had three successful space shuttle launches, four successful expendable launch vehicle launches, and a return to shuttle night launches and station assembly activities. Parsons said NASAs fiscal year 2008 budget is $17.3 billion. The new budget includes a 3.1-percent increase in discretionary spending compared to the 2007 budget. The director said this shows that Congress supports NASA. Parsons also reviewed KSCs preparations for Orion processing and the formation of a new Engineering Directorate. He said KSC will continue to remain respectful, professional and honest, and operate with integrity. Jeff Angermaier, Launch Vehicle Processing Directorate division chief, gave an overview of the five space shuttle flights planned for 2007. We have an exciting year, a very busy year, here at KSC, Angermaier said. He said the recently renovated Launch Pad 39A will be used for the shuttles remaining flights, including the final Hubble servicing mission, while Pad 39BParsons briefs employees on agencys budget, 07 outlookKENNEDY SPACE Center Director Bill Parsons conducts his first all hands meeting in the Training Auditorium to talk to employees about the agencys 2007 outlook. The meeting was also broadcast live on NASA TV.will be used for launch-on-need missions as it is transitioned to the Constellation Program. Angermaier gave an update on orbiter Endeavours major modifications. KSC workers have completed hundreds of upgrades to the vehicle since it was transferred to the orbiter processing facility more than three years ago. These upgrades include a new glass cockpit, 2,000 tile bonds and a new modification called the shuttle station power transfer system. The orbiter is currently scheduled for launch on mission STS-118 in June. Endeavour will be used for seven of the remaining 16 shuttle flights in the program, Angermaier said. International Space Station and Spacecraft Processing Director Russell Romanella said there have been 20 U.S. flights to the station, with 17 major elements delivered and installed to date. He said there are seven major elements in the Space Station Processing Facility waiting for delivery to the station on future shuttle launches. These include the European Lab Columbus and the Japanese Lab Kibo. Its an incredible challenge to maintain this schedule and work to transition to the Constellation Program, Romanella said. Along with station element processing, we are also working to prepare the Operations and Checkout Building for Orion processing. Pepper Phillips, deputy director for KSCs Constellation Program Office, talked about the transition work planned for Launch Pad 39B to accommodate Ares I-1 test flights and the Firing Room 1 renovations currently under way. He said the first two test flights will be suborbital. Phillips said the program office is also testing a rail-type emergency egress system. Launch Services Program Manager Steve Francois said there are several expendable launch vehicle liftoffs on the calendar for this year. These include Phoenix, the Space Tracking and Surveillance System and GLAST spacecraft, and the recently launched THEMIS (Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms) spacecraft, among others. Francois discussed key Launch Services activities, including the merger of the Boeing Delta and Lockheed Martin Atlas programs to form the United Launch Alliance on Dec. 1, and retaining collaborations on missions with the U.S. Air Force and the National Reconnaissance Office. While the program keeps busy with 30 other missions in the planning stages at any time, Francois said officials continue to keep abreast of emerging launch systems in the commercial launch services market, and work to find avenues to share technologies in exploration. For example, Francois said the Atlas V avionics will fly on the Ares I-1 test flights. Were a mission-focused center, Parsons said. We need to remain focused. We need to think every day about how we support these missions. T he February NASA employees of the month include, from left, Trey Carlson, Launch Services Program; Patty Hepburn, Launch Integration Office; Jennifer Wahlberg, International Space Station and Spacecraft Processing; Ted Moore, Center Operations; Christine Pacariem, Engineering Directorate; Charmel Anderson, Safety and Mission Assurance; Cathy Norris, Information Technology and Communications Services; Glenn Semmel, Engineering Directorate; and Dana Hutcherson, Launch Vehicle Processing. Not pictured is Kimberly Smuthwaite, Chief Financial Office. February NASA employees of the month
SPACEPORT NEWS Page 3 February 23, 2007 Kennedy Executive Team undergoes changes JESSICA MOCK spoke about human factors for ground processing. E xtensive knowledge of the Joint Base Operations and Support Contract and the U.S. Air Force led Napoleon Carroll to earn the role of Cape Canaveral Spaceport Management Office executive director. The contract, also known as JBOSC, offers premier base support to the space launch community by providing services to NASAs Kennedy Space Center and the 45th Space Wing at Patrick Air Force Base, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and downrange annexes. The program management offices major responsibilityNap Carroll Cape Canaveral Spaceport Management Office Executive Directoris monitoring and evaluating the performance of the contractors to ensure both agencies receive quality customer service in their individual goals of launching expendable vehicles and space shuttle missions. Its focus includes integrating contract requirements for both agencies, and contributing to the final government assessment conducted by the fee-determining official and the Board of Directors, the forum that provides the Cape Canaveral Spaceport Management Offices vision. According to Carroll, the contract is unique because the board includes senior members from both agencies. Its exciting to see the joint integration and cooperation of two very different government agencies, he said. This cooperation and integration also creates the biggest challenge in managing the considerably different performance expectations and requirements in maintaining facilities and infrastructure to continue the nations launch manifest with a single joint contract. A s Kennedy Space Centers Chief Financial Officer, or CFO, Susan Kroskey is responsible for center-wide resources and financial management systems and processes, and serves as the center directors principal advisor on all financial activities. According to Kroskey, the Chief Financial Office is dualsided. One side deals with financial management, including accounts receivable and payable, general ledger, travel, payroll, cost accounting, reimbursables, funds control, property accounting and internal controls. The other sideSusan Kroskey Kennedy Space Center Chief Financial Officerhandles resources management, focusing on budget development and execution for KSCs programs and projects. Both sides of the organization are strongly supported by a business services office. One major NASA initiative being worked by her CFO staff is the development and implementation of eTravel, a federal government automated travel system. Kroskey is also very upbeat about the work her organization is doing to help the agency reach a major milestone in financial management after consolidating 10 individual systems into one integrated NASA financial management system. Additionally, she is committed to ensuring the center develops a strong budget posture to bring about a smooth transition from the Space Shuttle Program to Constellation Program work. Kroskey enjoys many aspects of the role. New employees comprise 35 percent of the organization, so she is currently focusing on high-quality training and development to maintain customer satisfaction. By Jennifer Wolfinger Staff Writer I t doesnt matter how fast, small or colorful a technology is if its not user-friendly. Using impractical tools at the Kennedy Space Center is even more detrimental, as it can affect safety and productivity. As a preventative measure, center experts research and apply techniques of human factors, focusing on how people interact with products, tools, procedures and processes and making them function in a way that seems natural to people. KSC is the main operations center for NASA. The potential for injuries and accidents increases at Mock shines light on human factors for Kennedy an operations center, as well as the probability for the severity of the injury, said NASA Sustaining Engineering Office industrial engineer Jessica Mock. Mock, who recently spoke on behalf of the NASA Engineering and Safety Center Academy, said human-factor experts aid designers and engineers in developing products and processes that are more natural to human movements. Several KSC employees attended the course at George Mason University in Virginia to discover what NASA has learned from the past and how future projects, such as the crew exploration vehicle and all ground operations, will benefit from these lessons. During orbiter processing, the discipline reduces risks to flight hardware, personal injury and decreases time on a task in the safest way. Human factors are also used to assess work place areas, such as an employees desk, for cumulative trauma disorder risks and other ergonomics concerns. When the orbiter was originally built, the designers did not intend for all systems to be tested, removed or replaced every flight. However, today many systems are worked on each flight and access is sometime limited or obstructed. This is apparent in the aft when work has to be complete in bay 6, said Mock, offering an illustration of how human factors are used to (See MOCK, Page 7)
Page 4 SPACEPORT NEWS February 23, 2007 Atlantis arrives at pad for March launch ATLANTIS . .(Continued from Page 1)arrays and preparing them to track the sun and generate power. By unfolding them more slowly and during periods when the station flies in sunlight, the arrays can be more easily deployed. It takes a little bit longer to deploy, but its done in a safer manner, said Cathy Koerner, shuttle lead flight director. The crew members also want to learn from a problem their predecessors experienced in September. A 10-foot-wide rotary joint turns the solar arrays, allowing them to track the movement of the sun. So this time, Sturckow said, Swanson and Forrester, the spacewalkers who will be removing the bolts during the missions second spacewalk, will be prepared. Theyre working out every day, he joked. In case thats not enough, however, theyll have a tool on hand that will give their elbow grease a little more oomph. We have a torque multiplier that were bringing up that they didnt have, Sturckow said. So if we do encounter the same difficulty with high torques that they had, well break out this tool. SPACE SHUTTLE Atlantis begins moving through the open door of the Vehicle Assembly Building for the rollout to Launch Pad 39A. ATOP THE mobile launcher platform and crawler-transporter, Space Shuttle Atlantis slowly makes its way to Launch Pad 39A, at left.And well apply whatever torque it takes to break the bolt or back it out at the higher torque settings. So I dont have any doubt that well be able to remove those launch restraints. From STS-116s mission, Atlantis crew is planning to learn from the problem Discoverys crew encountered in retracting a solar array that was circling the Earth for more than six years. Like the arrays activated in December, the new arrays wont be able to rotate and track the sun until another set of arrays is retracted. And if STS-116 is any indication, it wont be easy. It took more than 71 tries and an extra spacewalk to neatly fold the array back into its box during that mission. The original plan was for the arrays to be folded by ground command while all the astronauts were inside the station. But flight controllers now are working on a plan that would have Forrester and Swanson ready to assist with the folding during the second spacewalk of the mission. If that doesnt do it, Reilly and Olivas could give it a try during the third spacewalk. I think were going to end up doing something totally new here, Sturckow said. The space station program will be looking at the data gleaned from all of those attempts to retract the arrays to decide how to change the flight plan. Even with less than a month to go, Koerner said theres still plenty of time to make modifications. Its not like in the old days, where when you got within six months of flight, you pretty much knew what you were doing, she said. When youre doing assembly operations, everything that you plan to do is contingent on the flight prior to you and the hardware thats already on orbit.SPACE SHUTTLE Atlantis arrives on the hardstand on Launch Pad 39A after a sixhour trek from the Vehicle Assembly Building. The first motion out of the assembly building was at 8:19 a.m.
Page 5 SPACEPORT NEWS February 23, 2007 the spacecraft to their final orbits in mid-September. During the mission, the five THEMIS satellites will observe an estimated 30 substorms in process. At the same time, 20 ground observatories in Alaska and Canada will time the aurora and Two-year THEMIS mission to study aurora borealis THEMIS . .(Continued from Page 1)space currents. The relative timing between the five spacecraft and ground observations underneath them will help scientists determine the elusive substorm trigger mechanism. NASAs Launch Services Program at the Kennedy Space Center was responsible for the launch of THEMIS aboard a Delta II rocket. THE DELTA II rocket with NASAs THEMIS spacecraft aboard begins its journey to orbit from Pad 17-B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. THEMIS, an acronym for Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms, consists of five identical probes that will track violent, colorful eruptions near the North Pole. A WORKER releases a weather balloon at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station weather station. The balloon is equipped with a radiosonde, an instrument that transmits measurements on atmospheric pressure, humidity, temperature and winds as it ascends. The data was used to determine acceptable conditions for the launch of NASAs THEMIS mission. AT LAUNCH Pad 17B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, the mobile service tower moves away from the Delta II rocket with the THEMIS spacecraft atop. CLOUDS OF smoke encompass the Delta II rocket with NASAs THEMIS spacecraft aboard as it lifts off Pad 17-B on Feb. 17.
Page 6 SPACEPORT NEWS February 23, 2007 2007 KSC All American Picnic ticket sales begin MEMBERS OF the 2007 Kennedy Space Center All American Picnic committee present the first ticket to Center Director Bill Parsons (fifth from left). Committee members include, from left, Vickie Hall, publicity co-chairwoman; Mariane Colon, ticket sales chairwoman; Michael Moore, picnic co-chairman; Bob Willcox, picnic co-chairman; Parsons; Mike Bolger, IT director; Tom Niemeyer, picnic co-chairman; and Ed Bertot, publicity co-chairman. B uy your discounted tickets early for the KSC All American Picnic on March 10 at KARS Park I. Purchase tickets at the Sundry Stores located at the Headquarters Building, Operations and Checkout Building, Operations and Support Building I and the Space Station Processing Facility. At the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, purchase tickets at the Hangar I Annex, room 210. Tickets cost $7 for ages 13 and older and $4 for children ages 312. Children under 3 may enter free and must have a ticket. Tickets purchased after March 7 will cost an additional $2. Lunch will include a choice of one of the following: one-quarter chicken and two St. Louis-style ribs; four St. Louis-style ribs; or sausage, peppers and onions on a hoagie roll. Included in all meals is macaroni and cheese, baked beans, cole slaw, corn bread and apple cobbler. The picnic committee needs help the day of the picnic for everything from parking patrollers to ring-toss referees. Employees or family members who are ages 16 and older can volunteer two hours of their day and receive a free KSC All American Picnic T-shirt and a discounted admission ticket. To volunteer, contact Roger Liang (861-2224) or Sandy Walsh (8674255). For information, visit http:// kscpicnic.ksc.nasa.gov By Jennifer Wolfinger Staff Writer E ach directorate at Kennedy Space Center has its own specialized techniques and disciplines, making the respective safety and health needs of employees unique, as well. To support the centers Safety and Health Organizational Focus, representatives from each directorate developed activities relevant to their professions from Jan. 19 to Feb. 15. All civil servants were required to participate in the event, which included a work stoppage of up to eight hours, and contractor participation was encouraged. Managers were required to formally document summaries of each training session. This years Safety and Health Organizational Focus, All Hands on Safety and Health, has been designed to remind us that safety Kennedy employees focus on safety and health and health are integral parts of everything we do, both here at KSC and at home, and that the responsibility of providing a safe and healthful place to live and work belongs to each of us, said Center Director Bill Parsons. There is no better way to begin a new year than to focus on safety and health. Our continued success in processing and launching space vehicles depends on it. The varied activities represented the diverse KSC work force. For example, the Office of the Chief Counsel staff heard spacecraft and safety information, recognized American Heart Month by listening to an American Red Cross speaker and an Occupational Health Facility representative discuss heart disease, and learned about the pandemic flu. After individual International Space Station and Spacecraft Processing branches met, all directorate employees gathered to learn about fitness, safety and health, participate in an educational game and compete for prizes. Spread out over a few weeks, KSCs Office of the Directors agenda included several healthy luncheon and snack sessions featuring safety, nutrition and fitness briefings, as well as CPR training. To plan the agendas, packages including event criteria and tips were given to the planners. The initiatives Web site ( http:// nasa.ksc.nasa.gov/safetyhealth07/ index.html ) also served as a resource. By participating in the Web sites survey, participants can help ensure future safety and health events are informative and productive. For reference, each NASA directorates administrative office has a copy of the current Employee Safety and Health Guide, which can also be accessed at http:// nasa.ksc.nasa.gov/safetyhealth07/ pdf/EmployeeSHGuide.pdf .EMPLOYEES WHO participated in the Safety and Health Organizational Focus 2007 activities are requested to complete a brief, anonymous survey at http:// nasa.ksc.nasa.gov/safetyhealth07/index.html The information provided will assist in planning next years activities. The programs goal is to provide employees a meaningful safety and health program experience. The survey results will be disseminated to each directorate.
SPACEPORT NEWS February 23, 2007 Page 7 Remembering Our Heritage solve problems at KSC. Other examples are improving lighting in the Orbiter Processing Facility, replacing headsets with wireless models, upgrading cold plate installation and removal procedures and processes, and reconfiguring the wheel shop process into an efficient assembly line. Some recent projects have also relieved the physical stress of workers. For instance, the protective Self-Contained Atmospheric Protective Ensemble suits from the 1970s were redesigned to comfortably and safely fit todays users. Preventing the upper-body tension window washers often suffer with is another ongoing effort. NASA also uses human factors during accident investigations. Investigation board members examine all of the related operational aspects, determine what went wrong at a task level and offer guidance to correct the issue. This often involves updating confusing procedures and providing helpful pictures and diagrams for technicians. For academy information, visit http://www.nescacademy.org .MOCK . .(Continued from Page 3) GROUPED TOGETHER with astronaut John Glenn Jr. beside the Friendship 7 spacecraft are, from left, T.J. OMalley, chief test conductor for General Dynamics; Glenn; and Paul Donnelly, NASA Space Task Group. PRESIDENT JOHN F. Kennedy (left), John Glenn and General Leighton Davis ride together during a parade in Cocoa Beach after Glenns historic first U.S. human orbital spacefight.By Kay Grinter Reference Librarian J ohn Glenn and the hopes of an entire nation launched into orbit with Friendship 7 on Feb. 20, 1962. Qualifying any new space hardware takes patience, and the new Mercury-Atlas combination was no exception. In July 1960, a Mercury-Atlas exploded 65 seconds after launch on what was supposed to be a re-entry test of the Mercury capsule. In November, the Mercury capsule did not separate from the Little Joe booster on the Little Joe-5 mission. Clearly, the design needed modification. Following these setbacks, the Russians moved ahead in the space race to put the first man into orbit. Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin circled the Earth once on April 12, 1961, also the first manned launch for the Soviets. NASA knew it was crucial to take the time to ensure the systems were man-rated and would not fail on the first manned flight using the Atlas booster. Modifications made to the Atlas-D included alterations to the45 years ago: Americas hopes orbit Earth with Glenn in Friendship 7payload adapter section to accommodate the spacecraft and an abort-sensing system. Tom OMalley, the General Dynamics Atlas booster test conductor for the flight at Cape Canaveral, is retired and discussed the modifications from his home in Cocoa Beach: John Yardley was a McDonnell Aircraft Corporation design engineer for the capsule. He and his team developed the idea for a belly band to fix one of the problems identified on an early Mercury-Atlas failure. The band was an eight-inch strip of stainless steel that wrapped around the Atlas below the transition piece that mated with the Mercury capsule, OMalley explained. This girdle strengthened the interface area on the Atlas booster where the adapter ring for the capsule nested against the liquid oxygen dome. By January 1962, all concerns had been addressed and it was time for the first manned test. The first launch attempt was planned for Jan. 23, but bad weather and technical difficulties demanded the launch be postponed time and time again. Preparations were made for yet another launch attempt on Feb. 20, although the weather forecast was unpromising. The mood in the blockhouse was serious, OMalley emphasized. There was no tomfoolery. I ran a very tight ship. Thankfully, the weather cleared, and Friendship 7 lifted off at 9:47 a.m. from Pad 14 on the Cape. After exhaustive tests and observations following the successful flight, physicians could find no adverse effects on Glenn from the nearly five hours and three orbits he had spent in space. A new era of exploration began that day in 1962 that eventually led to Americans walking on the moon before the decade was out.
Page 8 SPACEPORT NEWS February 23, 2007 John F. Kennedy Space Center Managing editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jessica Rye Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Jeff Stuckey Copy editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Corey Schubert Editorial support provided by InDyne, Inc. Writers Group.NASA at KSC is located on the Internet at http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedyUSGPO: 733-049/600127 Spaceport News Spaceport News is an official publication of the Kennedy Space Center and is published on alternate Fridays by External Relations in the interest of KSC civil service and contractor employees. Contributions are welcome and should be submitted two weeks before publication to the Media Services Branch, IDI-011. E-mail submissions can be sent to firstname.lastname@example.com. Parsons emphasizes work force focus at National Space ClubBy Jeff Stuckey Editor K ennedy Space Center Director Bill Parsons made one point clear as he spoke at the National Space Club Florida Committees February luncheon at the DoubleTree Hotel in Cocoa Beach: everyone must stay focused on what is happening right now. Its extremely important to keep the work force focused and remind ourselves daily what it takes to do this important work, both expendable launch vehicle and space shuttle launches, because it is going to require our full attention to get through this year, Parsons said. The one thing I would say is that as we talk about 2010 and the retirement of the shuttle, my comment to the work force, and all of you, is that if we dont stay focused on these shuttle launches that are right here in front of us, we may not ever get to that opportunity to retire the shuttle in 2010. In addition to the five scheduled space shuttle launches in 2007, there are at least seven ELV launches scheduled, including two at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California and five at KSC. That will set the stage for a busy year ahead for not only the Kennedy work force, but also for the 45th Space Wing and the Eastern Test Range, in addition to the work they already have to do, Parsons said. Its stacking up that 2007 is going to be a very busy year. Parsons agrees with NASA Administrator Mike Griffin when he points out that a lot of federal agencies are not receiving increases to their budgets. NASA is one of the few agencies to receive an increase. We are very appreciative of the fact that we do have an increase, Parsons said. Would we like more? We always would like more. Can we do it with what we have? Absolutely. Were looking forward to having this budget. The director said the center is starting to get more of an understanding of how the Constellation Program will evolve around the 2010 or 2012 time frame. That will be refined even more in the next budget processes we go through in 2008, 2009 and so on, he said. It tells us we have more of an understanding of what the Constellation Program will bring to the table at the Kennedy Space Center. Parsons is also appreciative of the partnerships at the center. We have great support from the state of Florida, state legislators, county commissioners and many others, Parsons said. The future is going to require those partnerships for us to get through the next few years.BILL PARSONS, Kennedy Space Center director, speaks to the audience at the National Space Club Florida Committees Feburary luncheon. T he National Space Clubs Florida Committee is accepting nominations for its annual premier award, the Dr. Kurt H. Debus Award, for significant contributions to the advancement, awareness and improvement of aerospace in Florida. The 2007 Debus Award will Submit a nomination for 2007 Debus Award to National Space Club be presented at the Debus Dinner on April 28 at the Debus Conference Center at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. Nominations must be made in writing and should be mailed to: National Space Club Florida Committee, P.O. Box 21243, Kennedy Space Center, FL 328150243, Attention: Debus Award Selection Committee. The criteria for nominations include the following: being a U.S. citizen; being a Florida resident at the time of the nomination; having a professional career associated with technical achievement, education or management of aerospace activities; and being recognized by the aerospace community for current significant contributions to aerospace. Nominations may be for space launch activities, payload activities, ground support systems, educational activities or aerospace research. The winners of the 2005 and 2006 Debus Awards were, respectively, Richard Beagley of United Space Alliance and Jim Kennedy of NASA. S ince most manufacturers have not placed an emblem or wording on their vehicles to identify Flex Fuel Vehicles, or FFVs, other than a small sticker on the inside of the gas fill door, some drivers do not know they are driving a FFV. This may lead to not filling up with ethanol E-85. To help identify vehicles that are FFVs, a glass magnet has been placed on many of the FFVs operating at the Kennedy Space Center. If your vehicle has a glass magnet that reads, Use E85 . A road to a cleaner world you should be filling up with ethanol E-85 when operating on KSC. This helps meet the EO14149 and Energy Policy EPACT requirements to reduce the use of petroleum. The magnet was designed by Jessica Alvarado, a Stay-In-School Program student.NASA Transportation creates magnet to identify Flex Fuel Vehicle fleet


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Last Saturday we went to the Blackbeard festival downtown with our friend Julie,her son Riley and her DH. It was sooo HOT but stil fun. K dug in the sand with Riley for buried treasure
They didn't find much so someone offered up some of theirs to them
We found some shade,a cool breeze and some cold lemonade
E was so hot the whole time and kinda miserable but here she is later that day.
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Prerequisites: Year 9 Indonesian
Discovering a new culture is an immensely enriching experience. The study of Indonesian as a second language gives you access to a new world and the chance to meet new people. Overseas travel becomes more rewarding when you can communicate with the local people.
In addition to the rich cultural benefits that are coupled with learning a second language, an increasing number of employment opportunities become accessible. In a world where companies are constantly expanding overseas and dealing with clients from all over the world, bilingualism is highly regarded.
Universities have indicated that they strongly support initiatives that encourage students to study a language in their final years of schooling. The Victorian Baccalaureate has been awarded to students as of 2014 in support of the Victorian Government's objectives to encourage more students to include a second language in their senior program.
Year 10 Indonesian students are required to use the course and activity book Kenalilah 2.
Topics of study include:
Students will develop their oral, written, comprehension and aural skills through engagement with a range of authentic and practical tasks. In the later years, Indonesian language students will engage in Skype classes with the Wisma Bahasa Language School to develop their spoken language skills; as well as have the opportunity to participate in the College Study Tour to Yogyakarta and Bali.
NOTE: It is expected that students choosing a Language will choose the subject in both Semester 1 and Semester 2. A Student would not be advised to choose a Language at VCE unless they have studied the subject in both semesters.


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Steering clear of what hasn't worked for other campus food truck startups and gearing up for future student growth, Virginia Tech's dining services team has jump-started two food trucks. Kitchens deliver on speed of service and flexible menus.
Virginia Tech Dining Services' leaders had been working for years to bring a food truck concept to their portfolio. When Virginia Tech's president announced plans to increase enrollment by 5,000 students over the next 7 years, starting in the fall of 2015, dining services needed to make plans to accommodate a larger campus population. "With this growth and having our dining centers at capacity, Dining Services needed a fast infusion of capacity to our dining program during peak hours in an innovative, cost-effective manner," says Ted Faulkner, director of Dining Services. "We had to address this new demand versus needed demand long before new brick-and-mortar venues can be built."
With new circumstances, the time had come to move forward and venture into the food truck business. Faulkner and Bill Hess, associate director for Dining Services, were as ready as they could be. During their extensive and thorough food truck research phase, Faulkner and Hess visited several college campuses and cities with trucks, called many colleagues and looked at trucks exhibited at The NAFEM Show and at the National Restaurant Association's annual trade show. Now they had to decide on a supplier and nail down plans for design, staffing and names.
The food trucks selected allow dining services to offer food to students, faculty and staff in several underserved areas of the sprawling 2,600-acre campus. This includes an area with a new 1,600-seat classroom building, another area housing sororities and fraternities, an alumni mall and a main campus thoroughfare. The mobile units also serve pop-up dinners, accommodate fans attending Hokie football games and have a presence at large student gatherings, such as Gobblerfest, a campus and community event that draws 10,000 people to kick off the academic year. The food trucks also support a catered, multicourse plated meal on Dining Services' remote 10-acre farm and are available to support emergency needs on campus.
Extreme Makeover: Campus Edition in which the student body could select and vote on where they would like the food trucks to operate.Truck names came about through brainstorming sessions with students and a voting process in which students could express their suggestions either electronically or via paper ballots. The 70 names eventually were narrowed down to the winners: The Grillfield, which is a take on the historic oval Drillfield, located in the center of campus, and Periodic Table, which refers to the science and research mission of the university. The Student Government Association held a spring event called
"During the conceptual phase of the purchase process, the one big consistent feedback we heard from other university food truck operators was, 'We designed our truck to offer a cooked-to-order menu, but quickly found ourselves overwhelmed,'" Hess says. "With that in mind, the trucks' kitchens are laid out and equipped to primarily be a delivery platform for menu items that are primarily prepared at our Dietrick Dining Center and held on the truck for service."
Menu Flexibility and Staffing
The truck designs allow flexibility in menu selections and staffing, while allowing efficient and quick throughput. "The trucks' unique designs allow for a relatively large working space for the kitchen crew and separates the cashier/server from the workings of the kitchen," says Hess. "The equipment allows us to easily adjust menu offerings while two point-of-sale systems allow for efficient handling of customer transactions during peak times and special events."
Each truck contains a flattop grill with undercounter refrigeration, a fryer and dump station, a steam table, a hot holding cabinet, an open-top cold sandwich table and a beverage cooler. Periodic Table's grill is a little smaller than The Grillfield's to accommodate a pasta rethermalizer that allows staff to finish and quickly batch-cook menu items such as noodles.
The menu was set early in the planning phase by Faulkner, Hess and the Dining Services culinary team. "We knew we wanted to do street food," Faulkner says. "And we knew we didn't want to commit to any one cuisine, so the trucks' names are generic." The Grillfield menu features varied selections, such as smoked pulled pork tortas and a buffalo cauliflower tortilla. The Periodic Table menu includes items such as a Thai peanut pork rice bowl and a tempura-fried cheesecake (See the Facts of Note sidebar for the complete menu lineup).
The trucks also feature electronic and cellular connectivity capacity to handle two POS systems that staff can use from a fixed position or as hand-held devices.
"Purposeful placement of equipment for optimal flow is paramount on a food truck to minimize employee crossover and collision points while allowing exceptional efficiency and throughput," Faulkner says. "The layout allows the truck to reach 100 transactions per hour with a well-trained staff of 4 to 5 truck crew members."
Logistics, Energy-Savings and Operations
The service line is set up to provide a constant flow counterclockwise and goes from cooked-to-order and fried items to hot finishing. Food is then handed to the cold side for any additions. Staff then place menu items on a heated shelf and hand to customers.
The three-compartment sink and hand sink are located as far from the service line as possible and prevent staff members' cross contact with soiled dishes and serviceware. "Major equipment was laid out in a way to keep employees from being back-to-back as much as possible," Hess says.
An expeditor stationed at the cold sandwich table calls an order and final-checks it before passing it to the server. The server adds beverages to complete the order and passes the entire order to the customer. "The kitchen service line, while constrained by the weight balancing requirements of a truck, is designed to allow an orderly flow to the service line," Hess says.
Among the many features Faulkner and Hess discovered during their research was service counter height. "The typical food truck built on a cargo van chassis has a window height of over five feet, which makes the hand-off of goods from server to customer a challenge," Hess says. "Our trucks have a unique step-down slide that allows the server and customer to be at eye level or very close to it."
Cold weather often presents challenges for keeping the interior of the service area of the trucks at a comfortable level for staff. At Virginia Tech, the temperature during four or five months of the academic year can be cold at times. To address cold-weather service, these trucks contain panel insulation in all walls and the floor to add thermal protection. During service times when the windows are open the trucks are equipped with heated air curtains above the entry door and above each service window to keep the crew as comfortable as possible. On the food production side the water lines are heat wrapped, and the fryer oil container has a heated pad to keep the oil from solidifying when the vehicles are not in service.
For energy savings, staff can plug the high-efficiency diesel engine and the 100-pound generators on each truck into an existing power grid through shoreline power connections. Equipment is Energy Star–rated when appropriate.
Both trucks have full video and sound capabilities, including a digital menu board and exterior speakers. Security is provided by two interior and three exterior cameras tied to a digital recorder. Nighttime effects include exterior LED scene lighting and eight-color changeable LED lighting along the bottom of the truck to give a floating effect.
Since this is Virginia Tech's first venture into food trucks, Faulkner and Hess are assessing operations to see what additional enhancements can be made and what new possibilities exist. "We'll make adjustments to the program as needed based on customer feedback and transaction data," Hess says. As they've discovered over the years with their renowned dining services, both flexibility and inviting input from staff and customers are the keys to success.
Key Players
- Owner: Virginia Tech Dining Services
- Director of Dining Services: Ted Faulkner
- Associate Director for Dining Services: Bill Hess
- Executive Chef of Dining Services: Randall Van Dyke
- Interior Design: On The Move Inc.; Robert Mikalonis
- Food Truck Consultants: On The Move Inc.
- Equipment Dealer: Lone Star Restaurant Supply, Austin, Texas
- Construction: On The Move Inc. and Shook Enterprises
Facts of Note
- Opened: August 2016
- Virginia Tech: 31,500 students, including graduates and undergraduates; 24,100 students have dining monies available for dining services (9,100 on-campus students; 9,800 off-campus dining plan holders; 5,200 off-campus students with dining dollars). Altogether, 80 percent of Virginia Tech students have an account with dining services. Foodservice is offered in 47 restaurant-type concepts within 8 buildings. This includes one all-you-care-to-eat dining hall. Including the pair of food trucks, the concepts number 49.
- Scope of Project: Two food trucks
- Size: Working area inside each truck is 120 sq. ft.
- Average Check: $7 projected
- Total Annual Sales: $700,000 projected for both trucks
- Transactions: 100,000 projected
- Hours: Lunch on both trucks, 10:30 am until 2:30 p.m.; dinner on one truck, 5 p.m. until 9 p.m.; late night on one truck, 8 p.m. until midnight, Thursday through Saturday; special events as needed
- Menu Specialties: The Grillfield menu features The Pork (smoked pulled pork tortas); The Cauliflower (buffalo cauliflower tortilla); The Chicken (chicken banh mi tortas); The Fish (pescado asado tortilla); The Beef (beef barbacoa tortilla); and The Dessert (cinnamon-sugar churro tots with Nutella). At Periodic Table: The Veggie (vegetable madras curry yaki-ramen); The Beef (bulgogi beef rice bowl); The Chicken (lemongrass chicken yaki-ramen); The Smoked Pork (smoked pork belly yaki-
ramen); The Pork (Thai peanut pork rice bowl); The Dessert (tempura fried cheesecake)
- Staff: Includes a chef de cuisine (lead manager); 7 salaried supervisory staff; approximately 40 to 50 part-time student-wage positions. Each truck shift includes 4 to 5 employees in the truck and a prep cook in the Dietrick kitchen.
- Total Project Cost: $600,000
- Equipment Investment: $550,000
- Website: http://www.dining.vt.edu
Photographs by Jed Froelich and Victoria Boatwright


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Disclosure: I receive free oVertone products in exchange for referrals. (I have also purchased oVertone with my own money in the past.)
*Update Feb. 2018: Get $10 off your 1st oVertone purchase of $30 or more here! Also check out my updated oVertone review (Vibrant Orange, Extreme Orange, & Copper kit comparison.) Also check out this post about how I match my eyebrows to my oVertone Orange hair.*
I'm not usually very adventurous with my naturally dirty blonde hair ((I've been various shades of blonde my whole life, with the exception of a few months when I was 19 and decided to dye my hair dark brown.)), but I've always loved red/orange hair and was finally ready to do something fun and different this past December, so I decided to try coloring my hair red with oVertone color.
I heard about oVertone from Mia, who colored her hair an amazing teal with it. I looked into some other vegan and cruelty free hair colors, but I decided on oVertone because I've never dyed my hair myself, and it seemed less intimidating to use since it's technically a color conditioner and not a hair dye. I also hoped it would be less damaging to my hair than standard dyes.
I wasn't sure which conditioners to order so I sent oVertone an email asking what I should use to achieve my goal: Jessica Hamby hair! I sent photos of her and my current color, and they responded saying I should try Vibrant Orange (starting out with the Go Deep treatments until I got my desired color and then maintaining it with Daily Conditioners). I ordered the set that comes with both as well as a trial-size conditioner.
Coloring my hair (Go Deep Weekly Treatment)
When the conditioners got here, I got my partner Lucas to help me with the Go Deep treatment since you're supposed to saturate all of your hair evenly, and I have so much hair. I also bought a dye brush and some alligator clips to make it easier. It took a while, and honestly it seems like it would be difficult to do it yourself, unless you're already good at dying your hair and know what you're doing.
After one treatment my hair was reddish, but not as vibrant as I wanted, so the next day Lucas did the treatment again, and then I was really pleased with the results! I went out that night and got a bunch of compliments–someone even said my hair looked like fire.
Maintaining my color (Daily Conditioner)
After I got the color I wanted, I started using the Daily Conditioners every time I washed my hair to maintain my color. I only washed my hair every other day or every third day and used dry shampoo (mixed with cinnamon to match my hair better) if needed.
Using the daily conditioner was easy for me since I always put conditioner in, put my hair up, and leave it like that while I wash my body and face anyways, so nothing about my routine changed other than the conditioner itself. Apparently it's better to wash your hair with cold water to fight fading with dyed hair, but with oVertone it's fine to use warm water, which is awesome.
oVertone recommends that you use the Go Deep treatments every week, but to me that's a pain, and the conditioner is pricey, so I got away with just using the daily conditioner for about 5 weeks before I felt like I really needed another Go Deep treatment. My hair did fade some, but it was still red.
After that treatment, I used the daily conditioner only for another 4 weeks, and then I stopped using it, and about two weeks after that, most of the color had faded. (I want to be blonde for an event later this month, so I wanted to make sure it had time to fade.)
Hair Health
As I hoped, oVertone didn't feel damaging to my hair–it may sound weird, but my hair actually seems drier and gets tangled more easily since I've stopped using their daily conditioners. My hair is naturally oily though, so I'm not sure how it would affect drier hair.
Since I'd never colored my hair at home before, I wasn't sure how bad it would be as far as potentially staining things. The Go Deep treatments have 50% more pigment than the daily conditioners, so they have more staining potential, and I did stain the shirt I was wearing (which I expected.) I never had any issues with the color running after using the daily conditioners though, and the daily conditioner didn't stain my hands (I'd always wash them off with soap right after.) The daily conditioner did stain my shower in a couple of places where I accidentally got blobs of conditioner, but that could be avoided by being more careful–our shower is old and kind of stained anyway so I wasn't that worried about it.
Honestly coloring my hair with oVertone wasn't cheap since my hair is so long, and I had to do two initial Go Deep treatments, which used up almost the whole bottle ($28.) Obviously it's still a lot less expensive than going to the salon though. Next time I'd probably order Extreme Orange instead of Vibrant since it's more pigmented so I could get more color for the price. They do offer 10% off too if you sign up for a subscription to get it every month.
Misc. Notes
It's 100% vegan and Logical Harmony approved! It smells very minty, if you're into that. Coloring your hair with oVertone doesn't work as well with darker hair, so you'd have to lighten or bleach it first for more noticeable results.
They have a lot of info up on their site on how to use their conditioners as well as swatches of their shades over various hair colors, so check it out if you're interested.
Final Thoughts
Overall I loved using oVertone because it was exactly what I was looking for: vegan hair color without going to a salon that isn't hard to use or damaging to my hair! And honestly I look pretty damn hot as a redhead! 😉 I'm going blonde again for an event later this month, but after that I'm thinking about either going orange again or trying a different color, maybe pink or cherry red. Thoughts?
Update 6/8/2017: I didn't go blonde after all–I love the red too much! Also I switched to Extreme Orange! I'm still using the Daily Conditioner after I shampoo, and the Go Deep about once every 4-6 weeks. I like that I get more pigment with Extreme Orange, so I can go longer between Go Deep treatments. The only downside is Extreme Orange does stain my shower more, but I'm ok with it (it was already stained anyways.)
Want to try oVertone color? Get $10 off with my link!
Have you tried any vegan hair dyes or colors? Let me know in the comments!