text:
Time Zones
Open Chat: Crop circles and Ley Lines.
(Logging at 19-JAN-2000 18:02)** JEFFLOVE999 just joined "Ufotalk-Time" (5 members now) **
ROYCE3:Royce3> Hello jeff,** DORCASQ just joined "Ufotalk-Time" (6 members now) **DORCASQ> Hi Guys!ROYCE3:Royce3> Hi Dorcasq
ROYCE3:Royce3> Looks like we are off to a fast start today.KOLTA:Kolta> Everyone comes at one timeJEFFLOVE999:jefflove> Hi1CAVERAT> right on time.Royce3> Yes, it seems that way.
.Royce3> right on the dot.Kolta> We are efficient1CAVERAT> cant stay though.Royce3> Yes.Kolta> Too bad.Royce3> Have to work, Caverat?
.StarRing> I haven't been here for a long time, I need to catch up.1CAVERAT> gotta get back to work soon.Royce3> Well, we are glad to see you here, Santucci
.Royce3> What have you been up to, Santucci?.Royce3> Spot any UFOs?DORCASQ> Work can always wait!.Kolta> lol** SATELLITE8 just joined "Ufotalk-Time" (7 members now) **
.StarRing> busy with post holiday bustle and evryone around has been ill.1CAVERAT> thats my thoughts, D.Satellite8> hello.Royce3> Hello SatelliteDORCASQ> There is always more work to do.
.Royce3> This is an open chat day, so we can talk about whatever you desire..Kolta> Work is a four letter word!1CAVERAT> as little as i can get away with!!!
.Satellite8> i want to talk about work :).Royce3> Gee,1CAVERAT> not me..Royce3> Sat you need to get a life.DORCASQ> I don't know what the word means....it's been so long.
.Satellite8> i love my job.Kolta> Could someone define work?.Royce3> Well, that is good Sat.1CAVERAT> what do u do?.Satellite8> a place you go to to have fun and get paid for it@!
DORCASQ> Work is something you hate to do - my definition..Satellite8> i talk to people all day long on the phone and type their information.Royce3> Data entry.
.Satellite8> we get to chat a bit and tell jokes and make each other laugh.jefflove> work is the good or service one provides in exchange for money.Satellite8> NOT JUST DATA ENTRY!!!
.Satellite8> personal excellent service.Royce3> OK, sorry!!!!!!!!!DORCASQ> Oh...for money! Where can I do that kind of work???.Satellite8> and no. its not a 900 hot line
.Royce3> Yes, that was what I was going to add, Sat..Satellite8> where i work!1CAVERAT> telemarketing?!?!!!** VIVALAVEGAS just joined "Ufotalk-Time" (8 members now) **
.Satellite8> nope.Satellite8> ever hear of CALL BEFORE YOU DIG?.Royce3> Hello vivalvegas, welcome.1CAVERAT> good!!!1CAVERAT> yes i have.Satellite8> well i work there
DORCASQ> I hate telemarketers!.Satellite8> we don't sell a thing D1CAVERAT> ME TOO!!! D.Kolta> ditto.Satellite8> we are information gatherers.vegas> hey. whats going on?
.StarRing> I agree Dorcasq.Satellite8> and information disseminators.Royce3> So does anyone have anything to report remotely to do with UFOs or the paranormal?
DORCASQ> For what purpose, Sat, is the company doing this?.Satellite8> to alert utility companies to mark their ug lines** KITTYM5 just joined "Ufotalk-Time" (9 members now) **
.Royce3> Hi Kittym5, welcome..Satellite8> just 2 weeks ago a man was electrocuted because the ug elec line was not marked1CAVERAT> Royce, did you post my report?
.Satellite8> we make the world a safer place to excavate!KITTYM5> Hi People! What's the chat about tonight?1CAVERAT> dig we must!!!
.Royce3> No I haven't reported it, Caverat. I was hoping you would discuss it some here..Royce3> A missing time report..Royce3> Very interesting.KITTYM5> Oh!!!
.Royce3> Can you flesh out the details.Royce3> Incidentally, I do intend to post it.1CAVERAT> It is about the same as I posted. He is having some recall
.Royce3> Can you give the other folks here an overview?1CAVERAT> I hope to have more as his memory returns1CAVERAT> Best thing would be for them to go to the page and read the entire thing
1CAVERAT> but it does involve a case of missing time.Royce3> Well, O.K., but that means moving on to another subject.1CAVERAT> He has about two hours unaccounted for
.Royce3> Does this fellow have any history of this sort of time loss?1CAVERAT> It occurred a couple weeks ago outside Washington Pa1CAVERAT> No Royce.Royce3> What does he think happened?
** HART5 just joined "Ufotalk-Time" (10 members now) **.Royce3> Hi hart, welcome.HART5> hello1CAVERAT> He is recalling a bright light and a "need" to travel east on 79
DORCASQ> That sounds very interesting.1CAVERAT> He is unsure why or what else happened as of now.Royce3> You don't mean 70 east, do you?1CAVERAT> right. missed the key.Royce3> Yes
.Royce3> Did he say more about this feeling of "need?"1CAVERAT> my error, dont whip me!!.Royce3> No problem.DORCASQ> Consider yourself whipped!.vegas> - signed off -
** ISLEANDERS just joined "Ufotalk-Time" (10 members now) **1CAVERAT> He hasnt expanded on that, but I think he may given some time.Royce3> HI isleanders, welcome.
.StarRing> Is someone working with him to help him recover his memory?ISLEANDERS> heya royce and ufosters.Royce3> Yes, is he getting any sort of therapy?DORCASQ> Hey, Isleander!
1CAVERAT> Yes. I have obtained professional counseling though our group for him.Royce3> We are talking about a person who has "lost" time--in a manner of speaking.
.Royce3> Any preliminary opinions?1CAVERAT> None at this timeHART5> .1CAVERAT> He does seem to be a very reliable witness
.Kolta> Will we get a chance to discuss this again when all of us have the report?.Royce3> This bears some relationship to the reality shifts that we discussed some weeks ago.
ISLEANDERS> lets heard de story b4 opinionsKITTYM5> - signed off -1CAVERAT> I will post updates on my site as they are availableDORCASQ> Where did he end up on rt. 70? Anywhere special?
** ALICIA39 just joined "Ufotalk-Time" (10 members now) **ALICIA39> hi1CAVERAT> He is not sure..Royce3> Hi alicia39, welcome..Alicia> thanks, what's the topic?
1CAVERAT> He remembers arriving and turning around though.Royce3> What is this person's background. Education and such?.Alicia> abduction?.Royce3> Missing time, Alicia.
1CAVERAT> college grad. Professional.Alicia> ok.Royce3> Sorry, Caverat. Go ahead..Royce3> Is the fellow badly shaken by all of this?.Royce3> And how did he know to contact you?
HART5> ..Alicia> I'm sure you have already covered this, but where geographically and at what time did this occur?1CAVERAT> not shaken. more just curious as to what happened
1CAVERAT> outside Washington Pa.Royce3> Around Washington, PA. Rt 70 east1CAVERAT> Found my website, Royce.Royce3> Hmmmm, well I'm guessing that he thinks that Ets may be involved?
.Alicia> How long is the lapse?.Kolta> - signed off -1CAVERAT> He has not mentioned ETs at all. That in itself is strange.Royce3> Has he researched UFO sightings?DORCASQ> Do you know him
personally or how did he know to contact you, Cave?** .Kolta just joined "Ufotalk-Time" (10 members now) **1CAVERAT> no never had an interest1CAVERAT> website, D
.Alicia> how old is the subject?HART5> WB Kolta1CAVERAT> 35 DORCASQ> ok, thanks, I missed that.Kolta> Thanks Hart5** KITTYM5 just joined "Ufotalk-Time" (11 members now) **
.Royce3> Hi kitty, welcome.Alicia> and what time of day?1CAVERAT> 35 approximateHART5> WB kittyKITTYM5> keep crashing tonight!1CAVERAT> morning, around 7 AM
.Alicia> for how long?.Royce3> Stick with it Kitty. it can be frustrating.KITTYM5> what have i missed?1CAVERAT> about 2 hrs missing time.Royce3> Was the fellow on his way to work?
DORCASQ> Not you, Kitty, ha, ha.Alicia> lol1CAVERAT> from work. Midnight shiftKITTYM5> thanks a lot Dorcas!!!.Alicia> was he taking any meds?
.Royce3> Any of you who missed things can catch up in a day or two by reading the logs on our web site. I just want to remind everyone of that.1CAVERAT> no meds.Kolta> Going home then?
.Alicia> thanks royce.Satellite8> be right back.Satellite8> satellite guys are here1CAVERAT> i will have to sign off shortly.Royce3> Understood.1CAVERAT> yes KHART5> .
.StarRing> looking forward to reading this..Royce3> Have there been more incidents like this in the same area?1CAVERAT> I will be meeting him tomorrow for another interview session
.Alicia> rural area, I'm guessing, no one to ask about seeing his car around that time....Royce3> Yes, that is a bit of a rural area. Yet there are people around the area.
1CAVERAT> There is a whole story about the car on my siteDORCASQ> You should start cruising that area, Royce...you want to be abducted..Alicia> what's the address?
.Royce3> Yes, I will post it tonight..Kolta> Please do Royce!1CAVERAT> www.hhs.net/jbrown
choose the UFO topic.Royce3> I will put it up after the chat..Alicia> thx1CAVERAT> its under current cases
.Royce3> Have you reported this to MUFON?1CAVERAT> i gotta get back to work now, catch you laterDORCASQ> bye1CAVERAT> Not yet royce.Alicia> bye.Royce3> OK, thanks, caverat.
.Kolta> Bye Caverat1CAVERAT> - signed off -.Royce3> Well, that was interesting.DORCASQ> Yes, can't wait to read it!.Alicia> How long ago did this happen?
.Kolta> I would have liked to have read the report firstHART5> yea,.Royce3> Incidentally, has anyone heard from Penelope? She is to publish her plant research this week on our website.
.Kolta> NoKITTYM5> Hi Jim.Royce3> Penelope, you will recall is doing research that stems from one of our chats..Royce3> Hi jim, welcome.
.Alicia> How long ago did the missing time episode happen?.Ji> - signed off -.Royce3> Penelope is testing to see if plants respond to emotion in a telepathic fashion.
KITTYM5> anyone ever heard of Warminster?.Royce3> I think the missing time report is about a week old..Alicia> ty.Royce3> Yes, I did a presentation at the Naval base there.
DORCASQ> What is Warminster?.Royce3> It is in Philadelphia..Royce3> close.Alicia> I have to take daughter to piano, thanks everyone!KITTYM5> No, Wiltshire
.Royce3> Well, there are two.KITTYM5> sorry, I'm in the uk one.Alicia> - signed off -.Royce3> The one in the states undoubtedly named after the one in the UK.
.Royce3> I always wondered about the one in the UK.KITTYM5> wondered what?.Royce3> Well, what the place was about. Why that particular name was chosen for a place here in the states.
.Royce3> Of course, a lot of places here are named after places in the UK.KITTYM5> same as lots of places over there i guess eg.Birmingham etc....Royce3> Does anyone have any UFO reports to discuss?
.Royce3> Yes, that is correct, Kitty.DORCASQ> What were you going to tell us about it, Kitty?.Royce3> Yes you have the floor Kitty.
ISLEANDERS> shoot gotta go my 9 year old alien is abducting me to the gym 4 basketball i keep burning de candle at both ends i guess,see ya wmhen i find time.
KITTYM5> had a hell of a lot of activity here back in the 60's. still get loads of crop circles etc..Royce3> Ok Isleander, bye.ISLEANDERS> - signed off -
.Royce3> Well, what is your take on the circles? What percentage are faked?HART5> ..Kolta> How do you view the crop circles in the UK?KITTYM5> some are so amazing. can't see how they can be faked
KITTYM5> farmers are doing a roaring trade Kolta!.Royce3> We had a gentleman from the Crop Circle website, Stuart Dyke on some weeks ago.
.Royce3> He felt a lot of the circles were faked, but not all.KITTYM5> never visited the site before, sounds interesting.Royce3> Kitty, have you visited many of the circles?
.Royce3> Stuart is a very savvy sort of guy.KITTYM5> too mean to pay the entry fees!!!DORCASQ> They have entry fees!!?.Royce3> How much is usually charged to see the circles?
KITTYM5> Oh yes! It can be big businessDORCASQ> Well, no wonder they are being faked!.Royce3> Dorcasq, has a point..Kolta> Right!!!!!!
.Royce3> Kitty, is there a lot of talk about the circles in the UK?.Royce3> We don't hear much about them in the mainstream press.KITTYM5> seems to have died down recently. they became so commonplace
.Royce3> How do you think the real ones--those not faked--develop?.Kolta> Do they charge for all crop circles?DORCASQ> I had no idea there were charges - how much?
KITTYM5> not all Kolta, guess some farmers just don't need the money! Just a few quid usually dorcas..Royce3> I know that Stuart says that there is lot of expense in just getting
photographs of the circles.DORCASQ> ok,...how much is a quid?HART5> .KITTYM5> sorry royce. my theory is alien intelligence. some might say i'm nuts though!!!
.Royce3> Well, no one here will say you are nuts.HART5> ..Kolta> Do you think crop circles are messages left by the ETs?
.Royce3> I believe in Ets. But I'm not sure that the ets created the circles.KITTYM5> a quid is a pound. not sure of current exchange rates but probably about $10 max.DORCASQ> thanks
.Royce3> Well, still, folks could be making a nice profit. Yes indeed.KITTYM5> what's everyone else's theory then?.StarRing> - signed off -
.Royce3> I don't have strong feelings one way or the other. I have talked to people who have researched them..Royce3> I'm not sure many people really feel sure.KITTYM5> pretty though ain't they?
.Royce3> I tend to think that it is a natural phenomena. But I won't swear to it..Kolta> I will ask again, do you think crop circles are messages left by the ETs, Kitty?
.Royce3> They sure are pretty.HART5> that they are KittyKITTYM5> sorry kolta. no idea. think they're intelligent enough to know we wouldn't understand them!.Kolta> Thanks
KITTYM5> can't see it could be natural phenomena. they're too precise..Royce3> Incidentally, I guess everyone has heard that the 90s were the
warmest years in 1000 years. How has the weather been in the UK, Kitty. Radically different?KITTYM5> nice summer, freezing now!DORCASQ> It's not that warm here now either.
.Royce3> Some have suggested a link between the circles and weather changes..Kolta> - signed off -KITTYM5> just can't accept that!.Royce3> It is bitter cold in the north easter U.S. too.
DORCASQ> What is the link?** .Kolta just joined "Ufotalk-Time" (7 members now) **HART5> it is very cold in north west also
.Royce3> It's the notion that the ETs are trying to communicate with the common folks of the world.DORCASQ> What is the link between crop circles and weather changes?
KITTYM5> who R U calling common? lol.Royce3> According to this line of thinking, the world is getting too warm and the circle makers want us to take notice.
DORCASQ> Oh, well, I think we notice w/o the circles..Royce3> I put myself into the "common" pool, Kitty.KITTYM5> just kidding!HART5> : )
.Kolta> Maybe who we think of as being common and who the ETs think of as being common are 2 different things.Royce3> As the circles have become more elaborate, the idea has developed
that this is the circle maker's way of screaming for attention..Royce3> Well, that is an interesting point, Kolta.DORCASQ> Then they shouldn't put them in such remote places.
KITTYM5> how long have we been aware of the hole in the ozone layer?.Royce3> That gets into the who discussion of disclosure..Royce3> Dorcasq, the UK isn't remote.
DORCASQ> I mean in corn fields and such - why not Central Park?HART5> ..Royce3> There's no wheat in central park.DORCASQ> good point, Royce!
.Kolta> People are abducted in remote places, generally.Royce3> Well, one of the most famous abductions took place in NY City..Royce3> That according to Bud Hopkins.
.Kolta> I said, generally, not all!.Royce3> Yes, you did say that...Royce3> Now I wonder why that should be?KITTYM5> anyone know the answer to my ozone layer question?
.Royce3> Maybe the notion of the ets is to establish communication with the people who really make the world go round.DORCASQ> My not answering means I don't know, Kitty.
.Royce3> Kitty, I'm not sure how long we have known. I suspect around 10 years.HART5> we have known about the hole in the ozon for over 15 years
.Royce3> Of course, there have been holes in the ozone for many years, but they were small and thought to be natural..Kolta> But, not everyone who is abducted would be considered to be "making
the world go around."KITTYM5> a local chap wrote a book called 'the warminster mystery' back in the 60s' In it, he mentions being contacted by aliens who warned him about
the hole? how could he have known then?.Royce3> Well, of course, you know that credibility is a question here. Can the fellow be trusted?.Royce3> Oh, wait, you said he wrote it in the 60s, sorry
.Royce3> Yes, that puts it all in a different light..Kolta> But if he predicted the hole in the 60's, he must have something on the ball.KITTYM5> exactly, beats me!
.Royce3> What book are you talking about, Kitty? Title? Author?KITTYM5> The Warminster Mystery by Arthur Shuttlewood..Royce3> Hmmmmm, very interesting. Is it still in print?
.Royce3> I can check Amazon.comKITTYM5> I don't know. lost my copy. i have another called the warminster triangle by ken shorto. that's pretty recent.
DORCASQ> Did he say the ETs told him about the hole?.Royce3> Well, Warminster must be a sort of special place. Tell us more about it.
KITTYM5> yes, lots of other weird contacts too. some of them a little too tall!!!.Royce3> What's the population there? Roughly?KITTYM5> 12,000 i thinkHART5> .
.Royce3> Did you say you lived there, Kitty?KITTYM5> It's supposedly built on 12 lay lines. yes, i do live here.DORCASQ> Well, since it turned out to be true, it can't be that wierd.
.Royce3> Are there maps of the ley lines?HART5> .KITTYM5> i don't know..Royce3> Someone was asking about that the other day.KITTYM5> about what?
.Royce3> I would be very pleased if you could find out for us..Royce3> Ley lines..Royce3> They wanted maps of ley lines.KITTYM5> i can try. where do i look though?
.Royce3> Well, I'm not sure where you should look. I have found interesting info on the web, but I haven't found maps..Royce3> I thought maybe they might be published in the UK.HART5> .
.Royce3> I would like to get a listing of ley lines around the world..Royce3> Publishing such a text might be a good project..Satellite8> i have to go now..Satellite8> see you guys next time!
.Satellite8> 3peace.Royce3> Ok. sat.Satellite8> - signed off -.Kolta> Have you checked with Michael Morton?DORCASQ> Yes, I was just thinking that Royce
KITTYM5> i'll see what i can find. anyone, it's midnight here & i've got work tomorrow. Night all!.Royce3> A good idea, guys..Royce3> All right kitty.Royce3> thanksHART5> Me to,
.Royce3> Please come againHART5> Thanks Kitty.Royce3> Thanks for coming hart.KITTYM5> will doKITTYM5> - signed off -HART5> I am glad I got a chance to come
.Royce3> Well please come back..Royce3> We will be on next TuesHART5> when I can,.Royce3> and Wed.Royce3> 6 pm edtHART5> cool that is 3 here
.Royce3> Check out the message board and web site too.HART5> and is when Me kid gets home.Royce3> Yes, you had better get some rest.HART5> I read the board all the time it is great
.Royce3> Thank you..Royce3> That is good to know.HART5> Thank YouHART5> night.Royce3> nightDORCASQ> night, HartHART5> - signed off -
.Kolta> You see, Royce, people do read the board!DORCASQ> Well, we are all alone again..Royce3> Wow, it is getting quiet here..jefflove> it sure is..Royce3> Somebody should serve coffee.
.Royce3> Jeff, how is your article coming?.jefflove> its very hard to write on wisdom..jefflove> getting slower and slowerDORCASQ> What are you writing, Jeff?
.Royce3> Are you saying you aren't wise enough?????????.jefflove> just struggling, but making headway.Royce3> Kolta, I do like your idea about writing to Michael about the ley
lines. Geeeeee, I should have thought of that!!!!!.Kolta> Oh wise Jeff of the Ashtar Command!!!!!!!.jefflove> an article about wisdom from the spiritual perspectiveDORCASQ> That sounds interesting.
.jefflove> so hard, but worthwhile.Royce3> yes it does sound interesting..Royce3> Tell us a bit more. I guess you will be giving a talk too?.Kolta> I wil be looking forward to reading it Jeff
.jefflove> must have it by Sun. for a talk at the Theosophical Society.Royce3> How many talks have you given there, Jeff? A dozen or more?.Kolta> This coming Sunday, Jeff?.jefflove> yes
.jefflove> I announced it at the last meeting.Kolta> Sorry, I get brain damaged at timesDORCASQ> Are you doing research or how do you find the material?.jefflove> someway ill finish the article
.jefflove> ive done research.jefflove> use the library and internetDORCASQ> What do you look under?.Royce3> Do you find that you can do most of your research over the net?.jefflove> yes
.Royce3> Yes, long live the net..jefflove> long live the web!!!!!!!!!!!!.Kolta> Jeff is very good at putting together info he has found over the net
.Royce3> By the way, does the Theosophical Society have a web site?.jefflove> not yet.Royce3> That is surprising..Royce3> When are you and Fred going to sell some books over the net, Jeff?
.jefflove> The Theosophical Society in America does.jefflove> - signed off -DORCASQ> brb** .jefflove just joined "Ufotalk-Time" (4 members now) **
.Royce3> Oh, I want you all to know that I downloaded a great I Ching book from the net yesterday..Kolta> There they go.jefflove> got kicked off.Kolta> wb Jeff
.Royce3> Yes, this is a strangely quiet day. i think there must be some trouble..Royce3> I want to suggest that you all see the movie called Enemy of the State.DORCASQ> I'm back
.Kolta> wb D.Royce3> It is a truly outstanding movie.DORCASQ> Is that a new movie?.jefflove> - signed off -.Royce3> The movie is now on tape..Royce3> D and I saw it earlier today.
.Royce3> It addresses the business of privacy--that lack of it.** .jefflove just joined "Ufotalk-Time" (4 members now) **
DORCASQ> When you use "D" on the chat, people will think it is me, Royce..Royce3> It's a wonderfully woven plot..jefflove> plot.Royce3> Ok, Di and I saw it
DORCASQ> Well, maybe we should just call it a night..jefflove> it looks like we will have bitter cold days with some snow.Royce3> Well, it will be cold for at least the next few days.
.Royce3> Too cold for me..Kolta> That might be a good idea DDORCASQ> I can have my dinner a little earlier..Royce3> Yes, I think we can close shop..Kolta> I have other things to do
.Royce3> Well, I will see you folks next Tuesday.DORCASQ> Yes, ok goodnight everyone!.Royce3> Bye.Kolta> Thaks Royce. Bye you all.Royce3> bye.jefflove> bye
.Royce3> Bye Dorcasq, jeff, Kolta.Royce3> - signed off -.Royce3> ** The moderator has left the group **.Kolta> ByeDORCASQ> bye.Kolta> - signed off -(Logging turned off)


text:
Aguilera is committed to play for the Horizon League squad starting this fall, and she certainly hopes to make an immediate impact.
"I think I will have a chance of starting right away, but I need to push myself," Aguilera said. "Being left-footed, they said they have a need on the left side. I could also be more of a midfielder or push up as a forward on the left side. They told me if I train hard during the summer and go over the regimen they gave me, do well and come in, I should have a good shot."
Aguilera is certainly amped up about the next chapter in her career.
"I can't be more excited," Aguilera said. "Ever since I was younger, I've always wanted this, and to get there to train for my first college game is a great feeling. It's everything I've worked for.
"The first time I visited the campus, everything fell into place," she said. "I hung out with the team. And the fact that they have a good medical field words hand-in-hand with joining their soccer program, so it was perfect. I loved everything about it."
For more, visit EclipseSelect.org.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Cultural perceptions related to the health and body size of Antiguan women
MetadataShow full item record
Thirty-two Antiguan women from a women's church group attended participatory group meetings to describe their priority health definitions, perceived health barriers, preferred health barrier solutions, and body size preferences and perceptions. Participants were 21-70 years old, and were divided into three age groups. Although 70% of the sample were either overweight or obese, weight issues received little priority as a health related factor. Instead, women under 30 defined health more in terms of personal appearance, and dietary inadequacy from lack of resources, with priority for mental and social health barriers, while those in their 30's were mainly concerned about barriers related to their mental and social well-being, and those ~ 40 years gave priority to dietary inadequacy and inactivity barriers related to chronic and general health factors. Although self-curing barrier solutions were most preferred~ religious and medical solutions were perceived as easier to attain. Using silhouettes, women under 30 frequently chose thinner ideals than those over 30, and perceived themselves as heavier than anthropometric measurements indicated, while those â ¥40 years perceived themselves as lighter.
- Masters Theses [19597]


text:
The paper soup cup's labeling incorrectly instructs consumers to use the microwave for cooking, posing fire and burn hazards.
Lotus Foods toll-free at 866-330-4390 from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. PT Monday through Friday or online at www.lotusfoods.com and click on the noodle soup cup recall banner or www.lotusfoods.com/noodle-cup-safety-recall/ for more information.
Recall Details
The product involves Lotus Foods two ounce ramen noodle soups packaged in paper cups that are not microwave safe. The recalled soup cups contain organic brown rice noodles and were sold in three flavors; red miso rice ramen noodle soup, masala curry rice ramen noodle soup and tom yum rice noodle soup. The UPC code is printed on the back side of the cup to the left of the front panel.
Soup Flavor
Cup Color
UPC Code
Red Miso Rice Ramen Noodle Soup
7 08953 65101 9
Masala Curry Rice Ramen Noodle Soup
7 08953 65102 6
Tom Yum Rice Ramen Noodle Soup
7 08953 65103 3
Consumers should immediately stop using the recalled soup cups and contact Lotus Foods for a coupon for a replacement product.
Lotus Foods has received 12 reports of the soup cups becoming extremely hot and/or sparking or catching fire during microwaving, including one report of a minor burn. Reported damage has been limited to the noodle cups.
Whole Foods Market stores and other independent natural and specialty stores nationwide, Safeway stores in Northern California and online at Amazon.com and Lotusfoods.com from August 2018 through November 2018 for about $2.50.
Lotus Foods Inc., of Richmond, Calif.
The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission is charged with protecting the public from unreasonable risks of injury or death associated with the use of thousands of types of consumer products under the agency's jurisdiction. Deaths, injuries, and property damage from consumer product incidents cost the nation more than $1 trillion annually. CPSC is committed to protecting consumers and families from products that pose a fire, electrical, chemical or mechanical hazard. CPSC's work to help ensure the safety of consumer products - such as toys, cribs, power tools, cigarette lighters and household chemicals -– contributed to a decline in the rate of deaths and injuries associated with consumer products over the past 40 years.
Federal law bars any person from selling products subject to a publicly-announced voluntary recall by a manufacturer or a mandatory recall ordered by the Commission.
To report a dangerous product or a product-related injury go online to www.SaferProducts.gov or call CPSC's Hotline at 800-638-2772 or teletypewriter at 301-595-7054 for the hearing impaired. Consumers can obtain news release and recall information at www.cpsc.gov, on Twitter @USCPSC or by subscribing to CPSC's free e-mail newsletters.
Please use the below phone number for all media requests.
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US companies hoping to make the world's first commercial-scale gasoline and diesel refined from plant waste have much to prove in 2013, after suffering another year of start-up delays, growing attacks by the oil industry and an unfavorable court ruling.
The second-generation biofuels industry's best defense against those attacks will be to do what the Environmental Protection Agency thinks it can: make 11 million gallons of cellulosic fuel for refiners to blend under the Renewable Fuel Standard.
EPA set the ambitious target last week. It amounts to the equivalent of 14 million gallons of ethanol, up 34% from the 10.45 ethanol-equivalent gallons the agency required refiners to blend in the 2012 mandate.
Last year, biofuels makers got nowhere close to meeting EPA's goal.
One company made 20,000 gallons of cellulosic ethanol and another made 1,000 gallons of cellulosic diesel, according to EPA data. All of the cellulosic ethanol reported got exported to Brazil to be used as a demonstration during the RIO+20 United Nations sustainability conference.
In 2013, EPA is relying on two companies to make the fuel refiners will need to comply with the cellulosic mandate.
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The agency expects Kior to make 8 million ethanol-equivalent gallons of gasoline and diesel from wood waste at its Columbus, Mississippi, plant beginning in the first quarter. The company made the 1,000 gallons of cellulosic diesel reported last year at a demonstration plant near Houston.
EPA is counting on Ineos Bio to make another 6 million gallons of cellulosic ethanol from vegetative waste at its Vero Beach, Florida, plant, also starting in the first quarter.
The agency thinks two other plants under construction will make their first gallons of cellulosic fuel in the fourth quarter, but not enough to contribute to the 2013 blending requirement. Those include Abengoa's corn stover ethanol plant in Hugoton, Kansas, and Fiberight's municipal solid waste ethanol plant in Blairstown, Iowa.
The Energy Information Administration used slightly different methodology to project 2013 cellulosic output of 9.6 million gallons, or the equivalent of 13.1 million gallons of ethanol. It thinks Kior will make 9 million ethanol-equivalent gallons, Ineos will make 4 millions gallons, and various pilot plants will make 100,000 gallons.
The American Petroleum Institute pointed to that disparity in previous cellulosic mandates as a reason the US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit should shoot down the rule. The court did not have a problem with EIA and EPA coming up with different projections, but it did take issue with EPA's broader approach.
The DC Circuit said EPA acted more like a biofuels booster than an unbiased regulator, that it set targets with more concern for promoting the industry than for creating an accurate estimate of future production.
"While the program as a whole is plainly intended to promote that technology, we are not convinced that Congress meant for EPA to let that intent color its work as a predictor, to let the wish be father of the thought," the court said.
EPA said it took that ruling to heart before proposing volumes for 2013.
"This projection reflects EPA's current estimate of what will actually happen in 2013, and we will consider public comments before setting the final cellulosic standard," the agency said.
The public has 45 days to comment on the 2013 mandate, and the biofuels industry has just under 11 months to make that fuel.


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The SumUp 3G Card Reader, crafted for merchants who prefer a standalone device for accepting debit and credit card payments, is our latest offering.
It does not require a mobile phone or tablet to accept card payments as it utilises the unlimited data included in the device to establish a network connection to process payments.
To begin accepting card payments with your new 3G Card Reader, you must first set it up. Fortunately, the process is quick and easy—just follow these instructions:
- Make sure that you have completed your SumUp account registration by logging in online at sumup.me as this is necessary to begin accepting payments.
- Turn on the device by pressing the power button.
- Select your preferred language for your device.
- Once a connection has been established, please enter the email and password associated with your SumUp account by entering them on the touchscreen.
Note: You can also use the buttons on the device to enter numbers if you wish.
- The reader will take you to a screen which will say, "Please enter amount". Enter an amount (minimum £ 1.00) and press the green tick to accept your first transaction with the reader.
And that's it! You may now enjoy accepting card payments with your 3G reader.
Check out our SumUp 3G: Manual for further instructions.


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Amelanchier lamarckii – Snowy Mespilus Hedging
Amelanchier lamarckii – Snowy Mespilus – Pot Grown
|Botanical Name
|Common Name
|Sizes Supplied
|Item Price (£) + VAT
|Amelanchier lamarckii
|Snowy Mespilus
Amelanchier lamarckii – Snowy Mespilus – Bare Root & Root Ball
|Botanical Name
|Common Name
|Sizes Supplied
|Item Price (£) + VAT
|Amelanchier lamarckii
|Snowy Mespilus
|Amelanchier lamarckii
|Snowy Mespilus
|Amelanchier lamarckii
|Snowy Mespilus
Key: BR = Bare Root | (Available November to March – Min Order 50 no. )
Details / Key Facts
Amelanchier lamarckii – Snowy Mespilus has white, star-shaped flowers. This plant is easily grown in average, medium, well-drained soil under full sun to part shade. Lamarckii is tolerant of a somewhat wide range of soils, but prefers moist, well-drained loams. It has berries like pome fruits that are dark red when young, but become dark purple with time. The fruits are edible and have an apple and sweet flavour. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant.
Key Facts
- Common name: Snowy Mespilus
- Botanical name: Amelanchier lamarckii
- Group: Hedge
- Flowering time: Spring
- Soil: Clay, Sand, Loam
- Height and spread: 8-12 metres and 4-8 metres
- Aspect: North-facing or East-facing or South-facing or West-facing, Full Sun or Partial Shade
- Hardiness: Hardy
- Difficulty: Easy
Native Mixed hedging is traditionally made up of 50% hawthorn & blackthorn, with remaining 50% split between the other varieties.
Minimum order 50 plants of each variety.
Recommend 5 plants per metre in a double staggered row.
How To Grow
Langley Horticulture recommend 5 plants per metre in a double staggered row.Grow in moist, lime free, well-drained soil. The best autumn colour is achieved when grown in full sun.
Propagate by seed and semi-hardwood cuttings
Suggested planting locations and garden types
Hedging & Screens Low Maintenance City & Courtyard Gardens Wildlife Gardens
Amelanchier lamarckii are small deciduous trees or shrubs with showy white flowers in early spring, red to purple fruits and often good autumn colour
Further Information
Amelanchier lamarckii is a large erect deciduous shrub or small tree of open habit, with bronze-tinged young leaves turning orange and red in autumn. White flowers in short lax racemes as the leaves unfurl. Fruit a red to dark purple-black berry, soon eaten by birds
Delivery charges may apply and will be based on the order size and location so, please provide us with as much information when you contact us with your enquiry.
If you would prefer to collect up your order please email firstname.lastname@example.com to make an appointment.
Please note that payments cannot be made online. A member of staff will call you and take payment over the phone.


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Natural Cures For Hemorrhoid
Visit to the pharmacy will reveal a number of over the counter products open to treat hemorrhoids; however there are also various natural remedies available to assist in treating this uncomfortable and often embarrassing condition.
Two simple things you can do are to consume plenty of fiber every day in such foods as wholegrain, fruits and vegetables; and also drink plenty of water. Having six to eight glasses a day will help to soften stools and relieve pressure on hemorrhoids. And just bathing in warm water several times a day can help to reduce puffiness and minimize pain.
- Witch hazel is a proven natural remedy; it can be applied with a soft cotton ball on to the affected area.
- It has astringent properties and helps to reduce inflamed hemorrhoids, as well as reduce pain.
- Witch hazel can be used in a salve along with horse chestnut to be even more effective.
MY HEMORRHOIDS Gigi
"Embarrassing" doesn't even BEGINNN to explain this story... I hope you guys enjoy what happened to me on this HORRIBLE NIGHT D: Love you XOXO Gigi ...
An herb known as butchers broom, which contains ruscogen is also supposed to be effective in treating hemorrhoids. The herb helps to not only reduce swelling of the hemorrhoids, but also strengthen capillary walls and veins, although you should not use it if you suffer from high blood pressure.
- Another treat is to use ripe banana that has been boiled and mashed into a cup of milk.
- Although it perhaps sounds more tempting in order to drink it, the mixture should be applied to the affected area.
Most of these natural cures for hemorrhoids are experimented with and tested; take the time to see which method might work best for you.
- Discover how you can cure hemorrhoids safely in 48 hours.
- VisitNatural Hemorrhoid Cure to be able to find out how.


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The latest set of rumors have it that Mac OS X Lion will land in the Mac App Store during the coming week, perhaps on July 14th. Within days, they say, you'll also be able to order refreshed versions of the MacBook Air, and perhaps some other Macs in need of an upgrade.
Obviously, Apple hasn't said so yet. There is just the promise of a July 2011 arrival, and the recent report that a Golden Master seed has become available to registered Apple developers. Even then, there's no certainty that version will be the one to ship. Last minute problems might result in a revision, if Apple doesn't decide to just wait for a 10.7.1 to address any lingering bugs.
At the same time, it's a sad fact that a fair number of Mac users will not be able to upgrade to Lion, and therein lies a tale.


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craftivist, Casey Jenkins. I had intended to make these merkins as joke gifts for Judy and Rose. But watching Casey's YouTube video really propelled me to follow through. Her willingness to follow through with her vision which is public, pubic and lasts for 28 days is admirable to me. And at this point there are almost 4 million visits to her video and several response videos including a quite funny parody. There can be no better reason to free myself from open studio hours and special orders than to have fun, follow my creative directions and maybe motivate others to do this same.
There is no pattern for these. I crocheted them from my single ply handspun wool and then put in the Wensleydale which could not have been more perfect if I had bought it for the project! But if you wish directions for a Valentine's Day gift go to this site.
Blog On,
Monday, December 23, 2013
Blame It on the Wensleydale
Posted by Folly Cove Fiber Freaks at 3:01 PM
Labels: Casey Jenkins, freedom in creativity, Merkin, Vaginal Knitting
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The Two Populisms
Shortly after the 2006 election, Ross and I wrote a piece on the Democrats' economic populism. We ended on the following note.
To date, Republicans have failed to come to grips with the issue of economic insecurity, offering table scraps and tax credits in place of real solutions. This signal failure is the reason that the Bush-Rove vision of a lasting Republican majority has hovered just beyond the GOP's reach. It's easy, however, to imagine a renewed "ownership agenda" focused on spreading capital ownership, freeing workers from employer-based health care, rewarding low-wage work, and defending the interests of hard-pressed parents. The question is whether Republicans, in their present state of drift and disarray, will be farsighted enough to embrace it.
This is as true as ever. But there's a deeper issue at stake, and it gets to a fundamental difference between Democrats and Republicans. Republicans are the party of economic optimism. That's not just true of country club Republicans, who have the world at their feet. It's true of the downscale Republicans who've been turning this race upside down.
Feelings about the power of the individual are a major factor in this division. Pro-Government Conservatives are defined, at least in part, by their optimism in this area. About three-quarters (76%) believe that most people can get ahead if they are willing to work hard and two-thirds (66%) strongly express that view. An even higher percentage of Pro-Government Conservatives (81%) say that everyone has it in his or her own power to succeed.
Disadvantaged Democrats have a gloomier outlook. Just 14% think that people can get ahead by working hard; 79% say that hard work is no guarantee of success, and 76% express that view strongly. Only 44% of Disadvantaged Democrats say that everyone has the power to succeed, while slightly more (47%) take the fatalistic view that success in life is determined by forces outside one's own control.
I know plenty of smart liberals who consider this kind of optimism incredibly naive. They file this under "1 + X percent of Americans believe they are in the top 1 percent" and leave it at that. They used to believe that America was about to be surpassed by West Germany or Japan, and now they think America will be surpassed by China or Europe or both and that our only hope is to become more like one or all of the above. I tend to think that Danish or French or Bolivian solutions depend to a very large extent on context, and that a flourishing American work-ethic state will have to be very sensitive to what is most valuable in our own tradition. "American exceptionalism" is an idea that's done as much harm as good, but American experimentalism has legs. We've done a good job of not embracing every economic and institutional fad, and that gives us room to maneuver, to adapt and flourish as economic changes we can't possibly anticipate transform the world.
But I worry that that's changing. Perhaps the most baleful legacy of the Bush years will be that a narrow clique of Republicans actually discredited economic optimism and openness by virtue of dimwitted decisions on taxes and national security and healthcare. What a tragic irony.
The message I'd love to see Republicans convey is a populism that speaks to the head as well as the heart, that doesn't condescend or make easy promises but rather tells uncomfortable truths: A free economy offer risks and rewards. Government can't miraculously guarantee that you'll only experience flush economic times, or that you'll never experience a serious reversal. But what government can help you do is become more resilient, by designing the right mix of bankruptcy and immigration laws and savings vehicles and social insurance programs and taxes. America has always been known as a frontier society, as a country that gives people a second and third chance. We celebrate those who take a chance and fail, and then dust themselves off and try again. Fear of failure is the mark of a hidebound society We can't let that happen to us. And we can't bail out every bank and every hedge fund that flies too close to the sun.
What we rightly consider unfair is when American families go bankrupt thanks to medical expenditures. We have good reason to believe that this is relatively rare, but it's not nearly rare enough. The government should step in to deal with catastrophic medical expenditures. But there's a tradeoff. If the government pays the bills, the government has a right to expect that it's money — i.e., the taxpayer's money — won't be wasted. That means, say, that you'll need to use evidence-based integrated care.
The great challenge for the country, and not just the government, is strengthening the capacity for self-help. The subtitle of Edmund Phelps' brilliant Rewarding Work, in which he makes the case for wage subsidies, is "How to Restore Participation and Self-Support to Free Enterprise." That is our challenge.
As Phelps argues, this is likely to be an expensive proposition. That's why some conservatives and Republicans are inching towards more centrist economic positions, because it is clear that the things that are most important — free labor markets first and foremost — are in danger. So undoing some of the damage done by misconceived policies, like massive tax subsidies skewed towards the rich, is an imperative. That means some kind of economic activism is imperative. As Andrei Shleifer and Robert Vishny argued, there is a difference between the invisible hand and the grabbing hand, and in the real world we're dealing with the grabbing hand.


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CHASE STREAM TOWNSHIP, Maine — Somewhere nearby, likely up this skidder path a few hundred yards, or perhaps down the wooded trail that will follow, is a pond. Emily Bastian knows it's there. She knows it holds brook trout. But she's not exactly sure of the best way to approach it.
"I've never been there, but it's a pretty known pond, so there's probably a trail," Bastian explained. "If there's not, we can use the GPS to get where we need to be."
Where we needed to be was at the primary access point to this pond-that-will-not-be-named. That's where Bastian, the Maine chair of the Native Fish Coalition, will place a sign that will alert anglers to the presence of some pretty special fish. Sunday's adventure is one that will be replayed around the state in the coming weeks, as NFC volunteers install informational signs at similar waters.
Not that it's always easy. Sometimes, the paths aren't easy to find. Sometimes, the going gets rough — or muddy.
But today, Bastian is pretty confident that we've got a relatively easy trudge ahead of us.
"I looked at [this pond] on Google Earth before we came, and it looks like there's a series of old logging roads," she said. "I don't think it's going to be too challenging."
It wasn't. In fact, all we had to do was follow the fresh moose tracks to a small trail that led to the pristine little pond in remote Somerset County.
This pond, like many others in the area, is among 578 on Maine's list of heritage fish waters. That means the brook trout that live here reproduce naturally, and that the pond has either never been stocked, or hasn't been stocked for the past 25 years.
"They are supposed to be. They are. They've been here since the time of the glaciers. They've evolved here," Bastian said. "And the rest of the ecosystem depends on those fish."
And after receiving a $6,500 grant from the Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund, the Native Fish Coalition has launched an effort to post advisory signs at as many of those lakes and ponds as possible. The grant pays two-thirds of the cost of the project. The NFC is raising the rest.
The key pieces of the state's heritage fish law: Once on that list, the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife is not allowed to stock fish into it. And anglers are not allowed to use live fish as bait on those waters.
That live bait prohibition is key, and is clearly itemized on the signs the coalition is installing.
"We are not advocating for fishing, or access. It's absolutely, 100 percent focused on the fish, the resource," Bastian said. "Protect, preserve, restore. [We're] restoring native fish through stewardship of the fish and the habitat. So while most of us are anglers, we are not, as a group, focusing on fishing. We're focusing on fish."
While the NFC isn't promoting angling at particular spots, members recognize that these special ponds aren't secret. In fact, the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife keeps a list of those waters on its website.
By posting signs at spots where anglers access the water, the group is sending a not-so-subtle message to anyone heading out onto the water.
"Hopefully, for people who don't know, it keeps them from doing something they're not supposed to, and for other people who were intending to use bait, it gives them one last chance to change their minds," Bastian said.
The Native Fish Coalition was formed a year ago when Bastian, native fish advocate Bob Mallard and former Sportsman's Alliance of Maine executive director George Smith attempted to have legislation enacted that would have strengthened the protection offered under the existing heritage fish law.
That effort, which would have streamlined the way a lake or pond ends up on the list, and would have added protection to the tributaries to those heritage fish waters, did not succeed. Undeterred, they used that incident as the impetus to form the Native Fish Coalition, and ended up receiving aid from both the Maine DIF&W and the Sportsman's Alliance of Maine, Bastian said.
Mallard serves as the NFC's national vice chair, while conservation writer Ted Williams is the national chair. The group also has chapters in Vermont and New Hampshire.
Bastian said that the native brook trout, Atlantic salmon and arctic charr in Maine deserve special attention.
"We have a lot to protect. We still have arctic charr. We are the last, best hope for Atlantic salmon restoration," she said. "And we have 90 percent — that's a conservative estimate — of the remaining native, pond-dwelling brook trout in the country."
A particular threat to those native fish: Invasive bait fish. That's why outlawing the use of live fish by anglers is key. A few golden shiners or smelts falling off a hook while they're still alive, or a bucket of them being tossed into a pond after a day of fishing, can have devastating effects on an ecosystem, she said.
Minnows or smelts can outcompete the native fish for limited food resources, and may even prey on just-hatched brook trout or charr. Keeping live bait away from those ponds is essential, the group says.
"If we can save just one [pond] from an invasive introduction, whether intentional or not, then this project has paid for itself many, many times over," Bastian said. "Because reclamation is incredibly costly. And it's not always completely effective. And [the state doesn't] always do it."
Bastian said the effort is just ramping up, and the NFC is looking for volunteers to post signs at their favorite ponds from the heritage fish list. A $20 donation will take pay for the sign and the hardware, and in-depth instructions will be provided. Among those instructions: Volunteers heading into the North Maine Woods will use only aluminum — chainsaw-safe — hardware to attach the signs to trees.
And for those who just want one of those spiffy signs to keep, Bastian can make that happen, too.
"We're offering signs for sale, for personal use, to hang in your fly-tying room or in your cabin," Bastian said. "It's $55 a sign, which also covers shipping, and it acts as a donation to this project."
Anyone interested in volunteering to help the Native Fish Coalition put signs up on heritage fish waters can contact Bastian at email@example.com
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October 5, 1997
The New Look of Liberalism on the Court
By JEFFREY ROSENhe most unguarded conversation I've had with Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg occurred at the Washington Opera. It was two years ago, during the first intermission of a production of "Cosi Fan Tutte," and I ran into Justice Ginsburg and her husband on the stairs. "Cosi" is the one about the two lotharios who make a bet that their girlfriends will be faithful, disguise themselves as Albanian soldiers, try to seduce each other's girlfriend and find that the women aren't faithful after all. The director had tried to add a feminist twist by having the women overhear the bet in the first act, so that they were only "pretending" to be unfaithful in the second. I suggested to Justice Ginsburg that perhaps this conceit was hard to reconcile with the sexual double standards of the 18th century, which were central to the plot and reflected in the traditional translation of the title: "Never Trust a Woman."
Justice Ginsburg, as I recall, was wearing a black velvet cape, and she looked at me indulgently with her unblinking eyes. The Italian title, she pointed out, was in the third person plural. "They are all like that" would be a more accurate translation, she suggested. And so, she said, there was no reason to assume from the title that Mozart and his librettist, Lorenzo Da Ponte, approved of male infidelity any more than they approved of female infidelity, or that they thought women inherently more or less trustworthy than men.
Justice Ginsburg's elegant reconception of the 18th-century text epitomizes the vision of mainstream, equal-treatment feminism that she championed as an advocate and an academic in the 1970's. She rejected the traditional idea that women and men occupy separate spheres, in which women are naturally passive and men aggressive, and she challenged laws treating men and women differently, especially those designed to protect "the weaker sex." In June 1996, in her opinion for the Court ordering the Virginia Military Institute to admit women, she enacted this view into law. "Generalizations about the way women are, estimates of what is appropriate for most women," she wrote, "no longer justify denying opportunity to women whose talent and capacity place them outside the average description."
The boldness of Justice Ginsburg's opinion in the Virginia Military Institute case may seem hard to reconcile with the sensibility that informs the rest of her jurisprudence. She is, in most cases, a paragon of judicial restraint. In her four years on the Supreme Court, she has shown as a Justice precisely the same qualities that guided her for 13 years on the Court of Appeals: an affinity for resolving cases on narrow procedural grounds rather than appealing to broad principles of social justice; a preference for small steps over sweeping gestures, and an aversion to bold assertions of judicial power. Nevertheless, Ginsburg's opinions about sex discrimination share with the rest of her jurisprudence a focus on the individual choices faced by individual men and women rather than on historical abstractions or philosophical generalizations.
As an avatar, in most cases, of judicial minimalism, Justice Ginsburg is the antithesis of Justice William Brennan, the liberal lion of the Warren Court of the 1960's, who died in July at age 91. (Ginsburg visited Brennan during his last weeks; she told clerks that he always responded best to women, and playfully asked her for a kiss.) And in the wake of Brennan's death, it seems appropriate to ask what, precisely, it means to be a liberal Justice in 1997.
In June 1993, when President Clinton nominated Ruth Bader Ginsburg to the Supreme Court, he called her the Thurgood Marshall of the women's rights movement, self-consciously comparing her work as an advocate to that of the last Justice to be appointed by a Democratic President, 26 years earlier. The comparison of the advocacy of Marshall and Ginsburg was apt: both transformed antidiscrimination law by starting with the least controversial cases and working their way up. Yet Ginsburg's most important achievement as a Justice has been to wean liberals from the judicial sensibility that Marshall and Brennan came to embody. For more than a generation, critics of the Warren era have argued that Justices like Brennan and Marshall were too quick to short-circuit national debates that should have been resolved in the legislatures.
Imprisoned by their old paradigms, some political conservatives have implausibly attacked Ginsburg as a judicial activist. "According to Justice Ginsburg's theory of democracy, the majority gets first shot at solving the problems to the satisfaction of Federal judges but not the last word," Pat Buchanan said in an attack on Ginsburg during the last Presidential campaign. "The Court gets the last word."
In fact, Buchanan had it precisely backward: Ginsburg has proved to be a far more restrained Justice than her conservative colleagues. A recent survey by the libertarian Institute for Justice examined Supreme Court opinions between 1993 and 1996. The survey lamented the fact that the Justices least likely to strike down laws infringing civil and economic liberties were President Clinton's appointees, Justices Ginsburg and Stephen Breyer, who voted to uphold Government power in two-thirds of the cases examined. But the inadvertent corollary of the study was the identification of the most activist Justices as Anthony Kennedy, Sandra Day O'Connor and Clarence Thomas, all of whom voted to second-guess the executive and legislative branches three-quarters of the time. In the most hotly contested constitutional cases of our day, involving Congress's ability to pass affirmative-action programs, or to construct voting districts for the benefits of racial minorities or to regulate gun control or campaign finance, the conservative Justices have become the partisans of judicial activism and the liberal Justices, Ginsburg most of all, have become the partisans of judicial restraint.
Because of President Clinton's understandable inclination to promote his first Supreme Court nominee, and at the same time to appoint the first female Chief Justice in the history of the United States, Justice Ginsburg, who is 64, is increasingly mentioned as a candidate to replace Chief Justice William Rehnquist, 73, if he should choose to retire during a Democratic Administration. And the same qualities that make it very unlikely that Ginsburg will ever be a visionary leader as an Associate Justice -- her minimalism, her jurisprudential as well as personal restraint and her emphasis on avoiding constitutional conflicts rather than engaging them -- might make her an effective Chief Justice for a divided Court.
Since her nomination to the court, I've experienced with Justice Ginsburg something like what Nicholson Baker describes in the chronicle of his search for John Updike: she remains, always and everywhere, just out of reach. When Justice Byron White retired in 1993, some of Ginsburg's feminist colleagues were lukewarm about her Supreme Court candidacy on the grounds that her jurisprudence was too conservative and her vision of equal-treatment feminism not radical enough. Like some other commentators, I suggested that she might be an ideal candidate for a President who identified himself as a New Democrat and sought to wean liberals from the excesses of the Warren Court. For although her political instincts were liberal, she had been, as an appellate judge, the model of judicial restraint.
After her nomination, she sent me a generous note, fanning my hopes of becoming a judicial Boswell. ("You planted the idea," she wrote. "I'll try hard to develop it.") But grandiose visions of intimate conversations about judicial restraint over tea in the Justices' dining room were quickly abandoned, and with the exception of the encounter at the opera, I had no further contact with her until last spring, when I wrote to ask whether she might agree to be interviewed.
Justice Ginsburg replied, as she does in many of her judicial opinions, by trying to delay the decision until another day. "Like Scarlett," she wrote, "I'll think about it tomorrow." She then suggested that if I could put off the article for a little while, she would give me an exclusive interview in 2010. When I asked, in the meantime, for a tour of her chambers, she invited me to stop by on the Friday after the last day of the term, a few moments before she was due to leave for the Glyndebourne Festival in England to see "The Marriage of Figaro."
Justice Ginsburg has cloistered herself on the second floor of the Supreme Court, above the rest of her colleagues: she consolidated a set of rooms that had previously been used by retired Justices and their clerks, creating a space far larger than the first-floor suite that traditionally falls to a junior Justice. Ushered in from the antechamber, I found Justice Ginsburg standing near the desk of her cool, gray chambers. There was a black-granite table, airy beige curtains and a Joseph Albers painting, "On Tideland," a gray and red abstraction on loan from the National Museum of American Art. "Elegance is refusal," Diana Vreeland observed, and as Justice Ginsburg greeted me cautiously, it was hard not to be struck by her improbable glamour. Scarcely more than five feet tall, in a turquoise Chinese-silk jacket with matching wide-legged pants, her black hair pulled tightly back in a ponytail, she looked like an exquisite figurine.
With the unearthly self-possession of Jacqueline Kennedy conducting a White House tour, Justice Ginsburg showed me her favorite photographs. Here she is with Luciano Pavarotti at the Italian Embassy. Here she is with her dear friend Justice Antonin Scalia, after their joint appearance in "Ariadne auf Naxos" at the Washington Opera: he is wearing knee breeches and a wig; she has a silver Marschallin's dress and a lace fan. Here she is with Justice Scalia in India, sitting on top of an elephant of the maharajah of Rajasthan: she has sunglasses on and a kerchief around her head; he is wearing a jaunty Hawaiian shirt. Here is a signed photograph from President Clinton, taken on the day of her nomination. "To Justice Ginsburg," it reads. "What a day this was." We talked more about the operas she was going to see in England, which was the only topic that seemed safe to broach. Suddenly, the tour was over, and with a little wave, after inviting me to browse through her chambers at my leisure, Justice Ginsburg opened a private door near her desk and vanished.
Finding myself alone, I perused her bookshelves with some embarrassment. There were many books about civil procedure; but there were also a surprising number of popular books about contemporary feminism, including Deborah Tannen's "Talking From 9 to 5" and Anita Hill and Emma Jordan's "Race, Gender and Power in America." There was a shrine to Puccini, with Art Nouveau posters from the early 20th century. Soon Justice Ginsburg's secretary walked in. The Justice had telephoned from the car, she said, and wanted to call my attention to one photograph in particular. It shows her son-in-law with her infant grandson. That, the Justice wanted me to know, was her dream for the future.
At the time, I took the comment to be a platitude about the joys of grandchildren; but a little later, I realized that Justice Ginsburg may have been saying something more subtle about the transformation of sex roles. Soon after she joined the Court, I recalled, she had introduced herself, as new Justices traditionally do, by granting an interview to The Docket Sheet, a newsletter for Court employees. Toni House, the Court's public-information officer, asked her why she had agreed to a flexible schedule for one of her law clerks, David Post. Ginsburg replied that when Post applied for a clerkship, he was caring for his two small children during the day, so that his wife could sustain a demanding job as an economist. "I thought, 'This is my dream of the way the world should be,'" Ginsburg enthused. "When fathers take equal responsibility for the care of their children, that's when women will be truly be liberated."
Many of Ginsburg's feminist ideals seem to have been shaped by the experience of her own happy marriage to Martin Ginsburg, a tax professor at Georgetown Law School who is also a tax lawyer at Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson. For the past 43 years, the Ginsburgs' marriage has been one of the more inspiring advertisements for the possibility of connubial equality and mutual respect. "I hate Marty Ginsburg," Roger Wilkins, an American-history professor at George Mason University, said during a joint appearance with the Ginsburgs at a panel on balancing public and private life, held in May at Wheaton College. "It's not because in a town known for its ephemeral fashions, he's carrying on this lifelong love affair with this wonderful woman. It's because he cooks." Wilkins added: "The culture in black America is 'Why can't you be like Mike?' In my house it's 'Why can't you be like Marty?' "
Martin Ginsburg does indeed cook -- he taught himself by reading Escoffier while serving in the Army at Fort Sill, Okla. -- and he takes pleasure in challenging traditional sex roles by preparing elaborate banquets in the classical style for Justice Ginsburg's clerks, colleagues and friends. "Just before the President's State of the Union address on Feb. 4," Justice Ginsburg boasted during a recent speech, the nine Justices and their spouses "enjoyed a delectable dinner in the Justices' dining room, catered by volunteer superchefs Mary Kennedy and Marty Ginsburg." ("Justice Thomas," she added, "won the annual betting about how long the address would go.")
Sitting side by side onstage during the Wheaton forum on public and private life, the Ginsburgs played off each other with deadpan affection. "As a general rule," Martin Ginsburg announced, "my wife does not give me any advice about cooking, and I do not give her any advice about the law. This seems to work quite well on both sides." The Ginsburgs were asked how their daughter and son benefited or suffered from having dual-career parents. (Jane, 42, is a professor of copyright law at Columbia; James, 32, is a producer of classical-music recordings in Chicago.) Justice Ginsburg referred the questioner to a recent book, "Mothers and Daughters," in which she posed with Jane, sitting cross-legged on the floor of her bedroom, in gray pants and a navy blue sweatshirt that read "Super Diva!"
"When Jane was having her first child in Paris, it was a difficult birth, and she was feeling rotten," Ginsburg recalled. "And she called. And we were on the phone for hours. But the idea that she would call me, and not her best friend, to talk her out of what almost every woman goes through soon after childbirth, when you're feeling ungainly, and maybe the child isn't breast- feeding, and you feel you're getting rejected and unattractive. When she was at that moment, she called me. So I figure that I'd done something right." Ginsburg's impassive face lighted up with a small, warm smile, and her husband added the punch line. "I must tell you," he said, "that she called collect."
Justice Ginsburg's frequent public references to her husband and her children may seem unusual for a Supreme Court Justice. But the experience of raising a family in the 1960's and 1970's while distinguishing herself as a scholar and an advocate has clearly shaped her jurisprudence as well as her politics. The story of Ginsburg's own early experiences with sex discrimination has often been told. She graduated at the top of her class at Columbia Law School in 1959, after transferring from Harvard when her husband got a job in New York. Although she had been recommended for a clerkship with Felix Frankfurter, then approaching the end of his 23-year tenure on the Court, he refused to hire her when he learned, in her words, that "I was married and had a 5-year-old daughter." After clerking for Judge Edmund Palmieri of the Federal District Court in Manhattan, in 1963 she began teaching civil procedure at Rutgers Law School in Newark. With typical industry and attention to detail, Ginsburg learned Swedish and co-wrote the leading academic treatise on the Swedish code of civil procedure.
In 1972, the first year Title IX of the Education Amendments was extended to academic institutions, Ginsburg was invited back to Columbia to teach civil procedure and sex-discrimination law. At a recent Columbia event honoring Ginsburg, Diane Zimmerman, one of her protegees who now teaches at New York University Law School, recalled that the handful of women on law faculties in the early 1970's often had decided it was necessary to forgo family life. " These women were awe-inspiring, but not people we would have felt comfortable emulating," Zimmerman said. By contrast, she continued, "we had Ruth Ginsburg, who had kids she liked to talk about, a husband that she loved and admired, who was accessible to us as a model for the possibility of being a woman and not having to engage in those strategies if they weren't comfortable for us."
In 1971, Ginsburg had founded the women's rights project of the American Civil Liberties Union, for which she supervised the selection of cases and the writing of briefs, and argued six cases before the Supreme Court. As an advocate, she sought to convince the Court that legislation ostensibly designed to benefit or protect women could often have the opposite effect. She chose to represent a series of male plaintiffs who had been denied benefits earmarked for women, urging the Court to articulate a legal rule for evaluating sex discrimination that could be applied neutrally to either sex. Although Ginsburg was attacked by feminists in the 1980's as "phallocentric" and " assimilationist" for having represented male plaintiffs in the 1970's, her universalist perspective was highly appealing to male judges, who had to be educated to see the unfairness of sex distinctions that had long been accepted.
"It's the classical Jewish way of arguing against intolerance -- that you argue against exceptions from fairness not in the name of the particular exception but in the name of the general principle," says Leon Wieseltier, the literary editor of The New Republic, who is a close friend of Ginsburg. Wieseltier recalls that once, when Ginsburg was consoling him over the death of his father, she spoke movingly of the death of her own father. She then sent him a copy of a letter written in 1916 by Henrietta Szold, a founder of Zionism in America. By Jewish tradition, only male children can recite the Kaddish, a prayer of mourning for parents. If there are no male survivors, a stranger may act as a substitute, but Szold gently rejected a male friend's offer to say Kaddish in her place after her father died. "I believe that the elimination of women from such duties was never intended by our law and custom," Szold wrote. "Women were freed from positive duties when they could not perform them, but not when they could." Wieseltier compares Ginsburg's objections to sex discrimination in Jewish law to her objection to sex discrimination in American law. "In both cases," Wieseltier says, "she was as much an aggrieved rationalist as an aggrieved woman."
One of Ginsburg's former A.C.L.U. colleagues, Kathleen Peratis, testified during Ginsburg's confirmation hearings that her restrained litigation strategy in the 1970's anticipated her restrained judicial philosophy in the 1980's. " She insisted that we attempt to develop the law one step at a time," Peratis said. "Present the Court with the next logical step, she urged us, and then the next and then the next. Don't ask them to go too far too fast, or you'll lose what you might have won. She often said, 'It's not time for that case.' We usually followed her advice, and when we didn't, we invariably lost."
Deborah Jones Merritt, a former Ginsburg clerk who teaches at Ohio State University, makes a similar point. "I've heard her say that she was a particular admirer of Thurgood Marshall's strategy for challenging segregation in the courts," Merritt told me. "He started not in the hardest case, challenging segregation in elementary schools, but in the easier cases, involving professional schools."
When she recalls her landmark cases today, Justice Ginsburg inevitably focuses on the individual stories rather than abstract questions of social justice. At a recent forum at Columbia University about sex discrimination, Ginsburg told the story of Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld, the case that she said "epitomized for me all that we were doing in the 70's. It concerned a young man whose young wife died in childbirth and left an infant in his sole care. He pledged that he would be the primary caretaker of the child, and he sought Social Security benefits to aid him in that endeavor, but the benefits were for women only. They were labeled mothers' benefits."
At this point, Ginsburg's eyes began to sparkle and she became, in her regal way, passionate. "This led to a unanimous judgment in favor of claim; but the Justices divided in their reasoning," she continued. "The majority thought it was discrimination against the woman as wage earner, because she paid the same Social Security taxes but her family received different benefits. A few thought it was discrimination against the man, because he didn't have the same opportunity to give personal care to the baby as the woman would have had. And one, my Chief, thought it was discrimination against the baby." The audience laughed on cue. Ginsburg concluded by noting that "the baby in that story is today in his last year of college and has recently applied to Columbia Law School."
In cases involving women's issues in the 70's, the Court, Ginsburg argues, " largely trailed and mirrored changing patterns in society -- most conspicuously, the emergence of the two-career family." For this reason, and somewhat surprisingly, Ginsburg views her landmark victories in the 70's as an example of judicial restraint rather than judicial activism. "For the most part, the Court was neither out in front of, nor did it hold back, social change," she said in a recent speech. "Instead, what occurred was what engineers might call a positive feedback process, with the Court functioning as an amplifier -- sensitively responding to, and perhaps moderately accelerating, the pace of change."
Before her appointment to the court, Ginsburg famously criticized Roe v. Wade on the grounds it tried to lead, rather than follow, a social revolution in attitudes toward abortion, and in the process precipitated a political backlash. Legislatures in the 1970's were beginning to liberalize their abortion laws, she argued in her Madison lecture at N.Y.U. Law School in 1993. If the Court had merely struck down the extreme antiabortion restriction at issue in the case, rather than presuming to devise an elaborate trimester scheme that governed all abortion restrictions in all states, she said, the decision might have been far less controversial and the political momentum for liberalizations might have continued.
On the Supreme Court, Justice Ginsburg has continued to style herself as a cautious codifier of popular opinion rather than a crusader for social reform. Yet it could be argued that in cases involving sex discrimination, she has shown some crusading zeal. In a recent speech at the University of Virginia, Ginsburg herself called the decision ordering the Virginia Military Institute to admit women "a stunning change from the Court's rulings in 1873 that women could be excluded from the practice of law in Illinois without offense to the Federal Constitution and, in 1961, that women in Florida need not be placed on lists from which jurors are drawn."
How can Ginsburg's V.M.I. decision, which represents the culmination of her vision as an advocate, be reconciled with her general commitment to judicial restraint? "It just can't be reconciled," says Gerald Gunther of Stanford Law School, a former teacher of Ginsburg's and a close friend. "She clearly is a crusader on that issue." The broadest way of reading the V.M.I. decision is that it enacts the Equal Rights Amendment by judicial fiat, by declaring that sex discrimination is almost (but not quite) as constitutionally suspicious as racial discrimination. "There is no practical difference between what has evolved and the E.R.A.," Ginsburg told students at the University of Virginia, adding, "I would still like it as a symbol to see the E.R.A. in the Constitution for my granddaughter."
If the V.M.I. decision is indeed seen as the "practical equivalent" of the E.R.A., then all sorts of sex distinctions that continue to have widespread popular support, from single-sex private schools to the exclusion of women from military combat, might be called into question as well. This would represent precisely the same short-circuiting of a hotly contested political debate that Ginsburg has decried in other contexts.
There is, however, another way of reading the V.M.I. decision. Like all of Ginsburg's opinions, it resolves the question before the Court, while studiously refusing to speculate about other cases in the future. Viewed as a belated judicial recognition of a transformation in popular attitudes toward public military academies, the V.M.I. decision might be seen as more symbolic than revolutionary. If the V.M.I. case comes to stand for the proposition that public, single-sex military academies are unconstitutional while the exclusion of women from combat is permissible, it would be logically puzzling but of a piece with the rest of Ginsburg's jurisprudence, which is more concerned about case-by-case particularism than philosophical consistency. In Ginsburg's own mind, the V.M.I. decision seems to represent nothing more than the codification of a social revolution in the role of military academies that had occurred a decade earlier. When Phyllis Schlafly, who advocates a more traditional role for women, criticized the V.M.I. decision, singling out Ginsburg's "activist determination to write her radical feminist goals into the Constitution," Ginsburg, who is unusually sensitive to public criticism, jokingly responded in a speech, "The judgment was 7-1, for goodness' sake!" And when Josiah Bunting 3d, the superintendent of V.M.I., circulated several stanzas of light verse written by an aggrieved friend of the institute, Ginsburg quoted it in the same speech: "Pilloried by politics/By unjust courts denied/Now for the Institute's true sons/Its past must be their pride." Then she added, "Many of the sons have grown up, however, and I take heart from them."
Whether or not one accepts Justice Ginsburg's notion that the V.M.I. decision is an evolutionary rather than revolutionary decision, in the rest of her jurisprudence, she appears to be the most restrained Justice on the Court. In this respect, she has shown precisely the same judicial sensibility that she displayed on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. As a Justice, and as a lower-court judge, she has demonstrated a meticulous attention to procedural details. In her careful, narrowly written opinions, there are few glimpses of Ginsburg's own policy views; instead, she scrupulously describes the relevant precedents and applies them in a terse, carefully worded way.
Above all, Ginsburg is a particularist, approaching cases from the bottom up rather than the top down. "I always think of Justice Ginsburg as a very particular person," says David Post, the former clerk, who now teaches law at Temple University. "She looks at the world as a collection of particulars. In a sense, it's a very small vision. She narrows things down. She looks at a case and says, 'What's going on; why are they suing; who are the people; what's going on in the background?' She likes to look at larger questions through the lens of smaller stories of people's lives. She wants to take individuals as individuals." In this regard, her feminist vision and her judicial sensibility are of a piece: both focus on the individual choices made by individual plaintiffs and defendants.
In the wrong hands, of course, a mission to do justice between individual parties can become a license for judges to act as platonic guardians, guided by nothing more than their personal reactions to individual cases. Ginsburg's particularism, however, is more of a sensibility than an inflexible judicial philosophy. And her judicial deliberativeness and restraint mirror her personal deliberativeness and restraint. "Mother is tremendously sentimental, but she could also be somewhat austere," Jane Ginsburg told the authors of "Mothers and Daughters." "When I did something bad, which happened often, my dad would yell, but my mother would be real quiet and I'd know she was very disappointed in me."
Ginsburg's sparse, highly compressed writing style is particular, too: reading it, one can imagine the unessential words being pared away with a fine-tip pen. "Language matters more than you can imagine," David Post says. "I've seen her agonize over individual words many times. Not terms of art, but adjectives. . . .It's very important to her to get every word to say exactly what she wants it to say, with all the connotations she wants." Leon Wieseltier puts it this way: "She's not just deliberative as a matter of principle but as a matter of temperament. A conversation with her is a special pleasure because there are no words that are not preceded by thoughts."
In speeches, Justice Ginsburg has attributed her deliberative temperament to her own mother, who admonished her constantly, once she reached her teens, to "be a lady!"
"To her, the term 'great lady' was a most honorable one," Ginsburg told the graduating class of Wheaton College. "It meant hold fast to your convictions and self-respect, be a good teacher, but don't snap back in anger. Anger, resentment, indulgence in recriminations waste time and sap energy."
Ginsburg's jurisprudence clearly reflects the influence of her law-school education and early academic experience as a teacher of civil procedure. She attended Harvard and Columbia law schools during the heyday of the legal- process movement, when scholars like Herbert Wechsler argued that lawyers could best pursue the ideal of neutrality by focusing on procedural rather than substantive questions. "Professor Wechsler was twice my teacher in law-school days," Ginsburg told a recent gathering at Columbia. "He seemed to me then, as he has ever since, to combine the power and beauty of the Greek gods Zeus and Apollo. He is my teacher still. Of all the books I use in chambers, the one I consult more than any other is Hart and Wechsler" -- the great casebook about the jurisdiction of Federal courts.
More than any of her colleagues, Ginsburg often conceals or sublimates her personal views of the merits of a case by focusing on legal process. "It is an extremely revealing fact about Ruth Ginsburg that she taught civil procedure for 17 years," notes Peter Huber, a former clerk who is now a fellow at the conservative Manhattan Institute. "It tells you something profound. Procedure is the one area of law where your outcomes are severely limited; procedures have to be neutral precisely because they apply equally to your friends and your enemies." As a result of her "almost Talmudic reverence and respect for the process of law," Huber says, "I think she is the most apolitical liberal you can be. She has this terribly old-fashioned notion that rules can get written down or can evolve through a common-law process and can build upon each other to create a decisional fabric."
Ginsburg's emphasis on procedure has no doubt helped to sustain her longtime friendship with Antonin Scalia, which dates back to their days together on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. For years, the Ginsburg and Scalia families have gathered together for a black-tie New Year's dinner at the Ginsburgs' elegant apartment in the Watergate. (Martin Ginsburg and Maureen Scalia share the cooking.) "Her emphasis on process is why she's always been on such excellent personal terms with Justice Scalia and Bob Bork," says Huber, who often joins the Ginsburgs and Scalias for New Year's dinner. "You can't feel very politically antagonistic toward someone who is centered on the process rather than the politics."
It seems fair to wonder, nevertheless, whether Ginsburg's friendship with Scalia, and her emphasis on procedure above all, has caused her to sidestep some of the most important intellectual debates on the Rehnquist Court, which are largely conducted on Scalia's terms. Scalia insists that the Court should decide cases in accordance with the original understanding of the Constitutional text. There is a vigorous debate among judges and legal scholars about whether or not the intentions of the framers and ratifiers of the Constitution can be meaningfully resurrected. But because of the energy with which he presses his arguments, Scalia has forced even the Justices who reject his methodology to respond to his historical claims. For example, when Scalia, writing for the Court in June, struck down part of the gun-control law known as the Brady bill, three liberal dissenting Justices -- David Souter, John Paul Stevens and Stephen Breyer -- had a fierce debate with Scalia about whether the views of James Madison or Alexander Hamilton should be dismissed as eccentric and whether the constitutional legacy of the New Deal should be preserved or ignored.
Justice Ginsburg did not participate in this debate; she tends to abstain from most broad historical debates, often resorting to procedural arguments to conclude that constitutional questions should be sent back to the lower courts. Consider the Agostini case last term, which involved the constitutionality of a New York City program that sent public-school teachers into parochial schools to provide remedial education. Five members of the Court, at the urging of the Clinton Administration, upheld the program and overturned an opinion by William Brennan, Aguilar v. Felton, that represented the high-water mark of church-state separationism.
Rather than engaging the constitutional debate, Justice Ginsburg, in her separate dissent, focused not on the substantive meaning of the First Amendment but on a question of civil procedure. She said that Justice O'Connor had misinterpreted Rule 60(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, which, in her view, did not allow the Supreme Court to re-examine the 12-year-old decision. A proper application of the rules, Ginsburg concluded, "would lead us to defer reconsideration of Aguilar until we are presented with the issue in another case."
Justice Ginsburg believes, however, that deciding only the case before her, and delaying related questions until they are ripe for decision, is a quintessentially restrained position because it enables citizens, legislators and lower-court judges to disagree about important constitutional issues and to resolve their differences democratically.
Because of the respect Justice Ginsburg has earned from liberals, who appreciate her feminist advocacy, and from conservatives, who recognize her otherwise restrained sensibility, she is increasingly mentioned as a plausible candidate to succeed William Rehnquist as Chief Justice. There is no reliable evidence that Rehnquist is inclined to resign after 11 years as Chief; but Court watchers and clerks have idly speculated for the past several years that he might step down sooner rather than later. In the event that he does retire, a Democratic President might be tempted to appoint the first female Chief Justice of the United States.
Ginsburg herself has done little to discourage the speculation. In her speeches, she likes to quote from a letter by Sarah Grimke, the feminist and antislavery lecturer from South Carolina, who visited the Supreme Court in 1853. In the letter, Grimke says she was invited to sit in the Chief Justice's chair. "As I took the place," she wrote, "I involuntarily exclaimed, 'Who knows, but this chair may one day be occupied by a woman.' The brethren laughed heartily. Nevertheless, it may be a true prophecy." At this point, Ginsburg pauses and looks at the audience. "Today," she says with a little smile, "no one would laugh at that prophecy."
If President Clinton were looking for a Chief in the model of Earl Warren, a gregarious backslapper with a big heart who builds coalitions by sheer force of personality, Justice Ginsburg would not be his woman. She is, in many respects, a loner, and her opportunities for informal interactions are limited by her solitary work habits. She works most efficiently alone, and at home, often staying up until 2 or 3 in the morning for long periods of concentrated writing and thinking. "She likes to sleep late, work at home and come in when she's ready to do whatever faces her there," says David Post, her former clerk. "When the Court isn't sitting, she can come into the office between noon and 6 in the evening." By late afternoon, some of the other Justices are no longer around.
Even when she is at the Court, Ginsburg is unlikely to engage in banter, because she prefers to communicate in writing. Ginsburg's desire for precision of language, and her emphasis on "getting it right and keeping it tight," as she puts it, have not always made her popular with law clerks in other chambers. The memos that she sends commenting on the opinions of other Justices often consist of small technical suggestions and the correction of typographical errors, all marked in her precise hand with a black or red pen. This attention to technical detail dates back to her days as an advocate, when she was famous for correcting the typos in her colleagues' briefs.
Ginsburg has less personal contact with her colleagues than, for example, Justice Stephen Breyer, a more expansive personality who talks frequently to Justice Anthony Kennedy, whose chambers are next to his, and to Justice Clarence Thomas, who sits next to him on the bench. Nevertheless, Ginsburg puts a high premium on cordial relationships with her fellow Justices because of her passion for collegiality. "In recent terms, the Court has been remarkably collegial, deciding cases unanimously at least twice as often as we divided 5- 4," Ginsburg told the judges of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in June. "The tone of our opinions, too, has become less adversarial, with hardly a nasty comment so far this term." Ginsburg is closer to some Justices than others -- she especially admires William Rehnquist, whom she calls "my Chief," but is reportedly frostier to Justice Anthony Kennedy. Even so, her ideal of collegiality has helped to sustain her mutually respectful relationship with all her colleagues.
Asked recently at the American University about her relationship with Sandra Day O'Connor, Ginsburg replied: "Justice O'Connor provided grand aid to me when I arrived. She was like a big sister. She knows my Chief very well: they were classmates in law school and later lived in the same town. She told me many things that made my life easier that first year." Had the presence of two women changed the Court? a student asked. Ginsburg replied: "Our robing room, since the 1993 term, has a women's bathroom equal in size to the men's. But the troops are not yet fully adjusted to the change. Twice this term, distinguished advocates arguing before the Court -- a Harvard Law School professor and the Acting Solicitor General" -- Laurence Tribe and Walter Dellinger, respectively -- "began their responses to my questions, 'Well, Justice O'Connor.. . .' Last time that happened, Sandra smiled and crisply said: 'She's Justice Ginsburg. I'm Justice O'Connor." Although the academic from New York and the former state legislator from Arizona are too temperamentally different to be close friends, according to clerks, they appreciate each other's achievements and support.
It would be foolish, in any event, to select the next Chief Justice on the basis of his or her capacity to schmooze. The most important power of a Chief Justice is the power, whenever he or she votes with the majority, to decide which Justice will write the opinion for the Court. (When the Chief Justice dissents, the most senior Justice in the majority has the power of assignment.) From a purely tactical point of view, the most pressing challenge facing a liberal Chief Justice could be to use the power of assignment to win over the swing Justices, Kennedy and O'Connor, and to insure that opinions are written as narrowly rather than as broadly as possible. Because of the narrowness of her focus, Ginsburg seems well positioned to find common ground with her conservative colleagues. "It helps in building collegiality if you don't take zealous positions, if you don't write in an overwrought way, if you state your position logically and without undue passion," Ginsburg said in a recent speech. "Another way is to ask, 'Is this conflict really necessary?' Perhaps there is a ground, maybe a procedural ground, on which everyone can agree, so that the decision can be unanimous, saving the larger question for another day."
Ginsburg, in short, would most likely be far more of an impartial Chief than a crusading one. "Maintaining the kind of respect that the Court has, I think, is the greatest challenge that's facing the Court at this time," she said at a recent forum at Columbia Law School. Nevertheless, it is hard to imagine her not wanting to leave her mark on the Court in some way. "She's very long term," says David Post, "and she's always considering the implications of small moves. For example, there's a little doctrine in international civil procedure. She'd say, 'In order to make sure that's shored up, we'll drop this footnote in a case that has nothing to do with international civil procedure.' Why she wanted to preserve that little doctrine, I never knew. But I was persuaded of the integrity of her vision."
In his generous eulogy at Brennan's funeral, Justice Souter said: "The life of the man is over. So is the liberal era when Justice Brennan's voice was the voice of the Supreme Court." Perhaps Justice Ginsburg's quieter and more restrained voice best represents the liberal era of the future. Or, to put the point another way, now that liberals have stopped relying on the Supreme Court to fight their battles for them, perhaps their goal, like Ginsburg's, should be a Court that is as legalistic as possible, suspicious of grand theories, deferential to the political branches and more given to small steps than sweeping gestures. This is hardly an exhilarating model for the next Chief Justice; but Ginsburg's example shows us that for better rather than for worse, the age of judicial exhilaration is over.
Just before she left me alone in her chambers, Justice Ginsburg paused before a stack of books on her desk. She wanted a judicial biography to read during her flight to London and had recently borrowed two from the Court's library. One was Joseph J. Ellis's "American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson," the story of the remote aristocrat who was so suspicious of Federalist judges that he insisted that the President had the power to appeal directly to the people, over the objections of the Supreme Court. The other was Jean Edward Smith's "John Marshall: Definer of a Nation," about the brilliant but personally unassuming Chief Justice and foe of Jefferson who won over his colleagues by intellectual force, fought against class distinctions on the bench by pioneering the use of black judicial robes and reinvented the Court in his own image. Which to choose? After a suitable pause, Justice Ginsburg said she thought she would take the Marshall. It was then, without further explanation, that she disappeared.
Jeffrey Rosen is the legal-affairs editor of The New Republic and an associate professor at the George Washington University Law School.
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Christmas Blessing 2018
"In the bleak midwinter, frosty wind made moan,
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Snow had fallen, snow on snow, snow on snow,
In the bleak midwinter, long ago."
Lyrics by Christina Rossetti
Whether it's in China or Ethiopia, Pakistan or Egypt, Christians around the world anticipate the wonder of the Christmas season. Celebrating the Messiah's birth takes on a whole new meaning for those living in a hostile or restricted nation. Imagine then their surprise to receive a gift from Christian brothers and sisters thousands of miles away -- a gift that blesses their children; their families; and, in some cases, even their communities.
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The 2018 Ballaghaderreen Golf Club Parent Club Club committee is as follows:
Chairperson: Paul McLoughlin
Hon. Secretary: Paul McDonagh
Hon. Treasurer: James Dooney
Registrar: Patricia Reid
Children's Officer: Joe Hurl
Men's Captain: Brendan Cox
Men's Vice-Captain: Nigel Keenan
Lady Captain: Lisa Kiernan
Lady Vice Captain: TBA
Club President: Tommy Boyle
Club Vice President: TBA
Course Manager: Eoin Buckley
Recording Secretary: Basil Clancy
Committee Members: John Freeman, Breege Flanagan, Gerry Cooney.
The Men's Club recently held their AGM and the following Officers were elected for 2018:
Secretary:Paul McDonagh
Treasurer: Gerry Cooney
Men's Captain: Brendan Cox
Men's Vice Captain: Nigel Keenan
Competition Secretary: Mark Frain
Handicap Secretary: Tommy Boyle
Recording Secretary: Basil Clancy
Committee: Joe Hurl, Cian Tully, Eoin Buckley, John Freeman, Paul McLoughlin
The Ladies recently held their AGM & the following officers were elected for 2018:
Honorary Secretary: Ann Towey
Treasurer: Ogie Moran
Lady Captain: Lisa Kiernan
Lady Vice Captain: TBA
Competition Secretary: Breege Flanagan
Handicap Secretary: Maura Cawley
Assistant Treasurer: Catherine Johnstone
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