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The Oriental Orthodox Churches (Syriac, Coptic, and Armenian) held their annual Sunday School event on Saturday, November 19th at St Ephraim Syriac Orthodox Cathedral, Burbank, CA. "Bible Adventure Day" was the name of this year's event and the theme was children. The event was presided by His Grace Bishop Serapion, His Eminence Archbishop Mor Clemis Eugene Kaplan, and His Eminence Archbishop Moushegh Mardirossian. With 160 children ages 8 - 13 participating, 10 priests, 20 youth team leaders, 20 moderators (judges) and about 50 parents. Thirteen churches participated in the event from the local
area. Los Angeles
The day began with a Liturgy celebrated by all three Eminences. Hymns were chanted in each of the respective languages, and each Bishop presented a sermon which focused on the theme of the event - the importance of the Sunday School Program and being always involved in church. Three students - Gayane Yegoyan, David Kneiber, and Stephanie Hanno -- each presented a speech about the importance of the Bible Adventure event, and being with fellow Orthodox students. The Liturgy concluded with the Prelates giving Holy Communion to all. A group photo was then taken outside, followed by lunch for everyone. Youth Team leaders then gathered with their students and prepared for the beginning of the Competition portion. The students were divided into 2 age groups -- ages 8 to 10 and 11-13. The teams were mixed members from the Armenian, Coptic, and Syriac churches. Teams competed in 3 areas - poster presentation, skit presentation, and puzzles station. Each testing area allowed teams to select one of 13 biblical verses and complete a task according to that station's rules. Teams were very creative and everyone worked together to draw/design and complete what they had to do. It was very fun and amazing to see how students from different churches worked together, and most importantly they were united through our Lord Jesus Christ.
While teams were not competing Rev. Fr. Muron (Armenian Church) and Rev. Fr. David (Coptic Church) held a Question and Answer Discussion Forum in the main church. The two priests did a wonderful job answering student questions about priesthood, clergy vestments, Liturgy, and saints. Students really enjoyed their time with Rev. Fr. Muron and Rev. Fr. David, and we extend our gratitude to the both of them.
At the conclusion of the event the two winning teams from each age division were announced -- Team St. Jacob (ages 8-10) and Team St. George (ages 11-13). Congratulations to both teams for their great effort and teamwork!! All students were presented a Group picture, sports bottle with the OOC logo, and a Bookmark. We thank God for another successful OOC Sunday School event and look forward to the 2012 gathering.
Patricia Allaf
OOC Sunday school Committee Chairman
US Syriac Orthodox Western Archdiocese Sunday Schools General Director
OOC Sunday school Committee Chairman
US Syriac Orthodox Western Archdiocese Sunday Schools General Director


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text:
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Stats: 2,488,756 members, 5,642,457 topics. Date: Saturday, 06 June 2020 at 03:35 AM
Nairaland Forum / Nairaland / General / Business / Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires (253990 Views)
3 Youngest Nigerian Billionaires Today.No.1 Is Lagos Island Biggest Boy(pics) / List of World Richest Billionaires. / Who Is Who In Nigeria: The Full List Of The Top 50 Richest Nigerian Billionaires (2) (3) (4)
|Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by consultmartins(m): 11:09pm On Mar 15, 2010
For a long now, there has been a silent battle of who's who in Nigeria's. To quench the thirst for knowledge and put an end to this long time exaggeration, i decided to carry out an individual research. The comprehensive result of this research is what i want to share here on Nairaland.
Most of these people decided to lie low and avoid the lime light of the Forbes ranking but they are billionaires by all standards. These men and women rich to the bone. I also want to let you know that if all these men should declare their assets to Forbes, it will raise some dust for some of them and it will also create a battle for the first position between them.
The criteria for coming up with this information is this:
1. By the value of their shares held in quoted companies.
2. The size and market share of their companies
3. The number of companies they own and its assumed value
4. The market value of their company's brand
5. Their political activities, leverage and shrewdness
Below are the movers and shakers
1. Aliko Dangote: Owner of Dangote Group and Forbes richest black man.
2. Dr Mike Adenuga: A Silent humble Billionaire, Chairman, Globacom, Equitorial Trust Bank, Conoil and others.
3. Jimoh Ibrahim: Global Fleet and Nicon Group, one of Africa's largest Insurance company
4. Late Sanusi Dantata: Largest licensed buying agent of groundnut and cement. Grand father of Aliko Dangote. He mentored and gave Aliko Dangote a loan of N500,000, excluding other settlement pay in 1976.
5. Olorogun Michael Ibru: The man behind the wealth of the Ibru Family.
6. Pascal Dozie: Silent Billionaire, founder of Diamond Bank, MTN Nigeria Ltd etc.
7. Late Gen Sani Abacha: Former Head of State
8. Rtd Gen Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida: Former Head of State and frontline politician
9. Umaru Abdul Mutallab: Mutallab Group, former chairman of First Bank Plc. If not for the terrorism act of his son, nobody would have known much about this silent billionaire.
10. Orji Uzor Kalu: Slok Group, former Governor and frontline Politician
11. Alhaji Shehu Dantata: Dantata Group
12. Femi Otedola Chaiman of AP and owner of Zenon Oil and Gas
13. Harry Akande: Frontline politician and Business man.
14. Chris Uba: Business man and no-nonsense political Godfather
15. Oba Otudeka: Honeywell Group and other companies
16. Olusegun Obasanjo: Former president of Nigeria, rumored to be worth about N180bn
17. Late Maryam Babangida: Wife of IBB, Business woman. humble, silent and stinkingly rich.
18. Andy Uba: Business man, frontline politician. Owns lots of properties including two mansions in Maitama Abuja valued at N4bn each. In Maitama, a plot of land goes for nothing less than N800m.
19. Atiku Abubakar: Former vice President of Nigeria and frontline politician.
20. Hajiya Dr Mariya Dantata: Strong business woman. Very quiet about her financial status.
21. Chief Rasaq Okoya: Eleganza Group
22. Cosmos Maduka: Owner of Coscharis Group, sole distrbutor of BMW and Ford vehicles in west Africa
23. Pastor Enoch Adeboye: Overseer, Redeemed Christian Church Of God. Owns two Jets and ships.
24. Alhaji Sayyu Dantata: founder, MRS Group. Recently acquired Chevron Nigeria and Texaco
25. Deinde Fernandez: Nigerian business man in diaspora
26. Late sir Mobolaji Bank Anthony: Rich business man with over ten companies
27. Peter Odili: former Governor of oil rich state, owns a jet.
28. Bayo Ligali: MD/CEO Zain Nigeria, also controls other companies.
29. Bola Ahmed Tinubu: former Governor of Lagos state, frontline politician
30. Raymond Dokpesi: Owner of AIT, Daar communication, Ray power etc
31. James Ibori: former Governor of Delta state
32. Chief Cletus Ibeto: founder and owner of the Ibeto Group
33. Otunba Subomi Balogun: Chaiman, FCMB
33. Fola Adeola: founder GTBank
34. Gabriel Osawuru Igbinedion: Okada Group
35. Jim Ovia: founder of Zenith Bank, Visafone Telecom
36. Dele Fajemirokun: Chaiman, Aiico Insurance, Xerox Nigeria, Chicken Republic, Kings Guards etc.
37. Late Yinka Folawiyo: Folawiyo Group
38. Chief Molade Okoya Thomas: Chairman CFAO Nig and other six french companies
39. Umaru Dikko: frontline politician
40. Buba Marwa: former military Governor of Lagos state
41. Late M.K.O Abiola: Business man and frontline politician
42. Sir Emeka Offor: Chrome Group, ERHC Energy inc
43. Wale Babalakin: Chairman, Bi-Courtney
44. Rochas Okorocha: Business man
45. Abdulsamad Rabiu: Chairman/CEO BUA Group
46. Late Augustine Llodibe: Transport Magnate, Ekenedili Chukwu
47. Tony Ezenna: Oranges Drugs Group
48. Alhaji Sani Dangote: Shrewd Northern Business man.
49. Chief Ade Ojo: Elizade Nig Ltd, distributor of Toyota cars
50. Prince Samuel Adedoyin: Doyin Group
Others not in the top 50 are:
Tony Elumelu: MD/CEO UBA Group
Arthur Nzeribe frontline Politician
Emmanuel Iwuanyanwu frontline politician and business man
Ifeanyi Ubah Capital Oil and Gas
Cecilia Ibru MD/CEO Oceanic Bank (she did not make the top 50 because much of her wealth is traced to her husband)
Research also shows that the some of the financially strong families in Nigeria are:
The Dantata family
Abacha family
Babangida family
Ibru family
Uba family
That's all i can share for now. If you feel there is anyone left out, please feel free to add it. I hope to be on this list one day, what about you.
1 Like
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by SisiEko1(f): 11:53am On Mar 28, 2010
Does this list put food on anyone's table? WHO CARES?
1 Like
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by consultmartins(m): 9:50am On Mar 29, 2010
Sisi Eko:
It doesn't put food on the table but it sure should inspire you to think big. It shows that there is money to be made in Nigeria if you are willing to challenge your creativity. It shows that Nigeria is blessed.
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by kodewrita(m): 10:48am On Mar 29, 2010
The following names are now inspiring me to think big:
Late General Sani Abacha: Looter and mass murderer
IBB: looter
Cecilia Ibru: Embezzler-in-chief
Chris and Andy Uba: Political thugs/Embezzlers
James Ibori:Embezzler
Dikko: Political prostitute and secret embezzler
Olusegun Obasanjo:Embezzler and coup plotter.
Atiku: Customs looter/Privatizer-turned-pocketizer/Embezzler
So inspiring, now to buy my AK47S.
4 Likes 1 Share
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by Abbaj: 5:20pm On Mar 29, 2010
All the so called billioneers are group of thiefs, muderer's nd blood suckers go inspire urself with corrupt n blood filthy money n wealth, obama, mother theresa n gud people inspires me
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by consultmartins(m): 3:20pm On Mar 30, 2010
Most of the men on that list of top 50 made their money genuinely. They worked very hard for their money. Men such as Mike Adenuga, Cosmos Maduka and few others. These men started from nothing and built mega empires. Such men inspire me. I don't know about you.
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by kodewrita(m): 10:33am On Mar 31, 2010
Oops I omitted Nzeribe, Marwa, Dikko,
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by damselle: 11:20pm On Oct 12, 2010
Can anyone give figures of their net worth?
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by Nobody: 3:16am On Oct 13, 2010
why include the dead on your list
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by Nobody: 4:54am On Oct 13, 2010
Dude how long have you bn jobless?
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by 9janews(m): 6:09am On Oct 13, 2010
How come we always celebrate criminals and looters of public fund!!!!
2 Likes 1 Share
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by Vindy: 10:03am On Oct 13, 2010
You mentioned a lot of people that their money strength is no longer the way it used to be. Chief O.B Lulu Briggs the owner of several oil blocks and founder Moni Pulo oil and Gas. He is one of the richest if not the richest man in south south Nigeria. But very humble and humane.
1 Like
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by Tolujoseph(m): 9:21pm On Nov 03, 2010
This list is bunkum. When next you want to post names for richest nigerians, pls and pls exclude this idiotic politician. They are thieves and we all know that. When you want to make a list like this pls and pls make a proper research and not this lackluster one here. Nigerian politicians aint billionaires, they are sophisticated armed robbers but all the same, armed robber na armed robber. Ask yourslf how could Obj have about 180bn? Haha. Fink
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by naijaobi(m): 9:53pm On Nov 03, 2010
there are so many you forgot to mention bro,
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by Emade(m): 4:17am On Nov 04, 2010
nice job. i do not think that u have something doing.pls tell the house the 5o poorest people in nigeria.may god help u.
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by MaiSuya(m): 11:22pm On Nov 05, 2010
The fifty poorest people are about 70 million in number. . .hope that makes sense?
@ topic, striking the few number of Easterners on that list, considering their business and all. . .
Particularly surprised that Iwuanyawu is so low on on it.
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by Nobody: 2:23am On Nov 06, 2010
Wats wrong with this guy,plot of land in maitama for 800m??abeg get a life,we hardly sold ours for 250m evn wt a building on it
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by Babakwara(m): 8:28am On Oct 31, 2011
Cecilia Ibru, the biggest economic fraudster by deeds.The researcher should have evaluate her wealth through legitimate source!
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by RowlandJo: 8:27am On Nov 08, 2011
Great analysis Martins. Would love to get in touch with you how about hitting me @ firstname.lastname@example.com
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by poetdee1(m): 7:23pm On Jan 17, 2012
Why have people decided to shut the guy down? He took his time to make the list up and you all complain. Yet you pick up Forbes magazine . Before you ask, yes Forbes include fraudsters and embezzlers like Roman Abramovich and ruthless business men like Carlos Slim before you argue with me do your research. The world is not bothered about how you get your wealth, the list is about how much people are worth. Politicians are the same all around the world, Tony and Cherie Blair are worth an estimated £60m. Tony Blair is costing British taxpayers £6 million a year for his personal protection and Shell controls our oil wealth to suit them. Instead of worrying about the injustice around the world or better still ignore and make a life. We moan moan moan.
Good luck to everyone.
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by kobama: 3:47pm On Jan 18, 2012
actually it does put food on many pple's table, as many R employed and empowered by these rich pple. pple should now that not all is designed to be rich. yes, to be comfortable and in good health, but not to be rich. so when there are list like this of wealthy pple; some ill gotten and some not, only God knows, pple sholud not go condeming and acting like hatteeeeeers if not they will never smell the goodness of money and wealth in their existence in this world. wealth and richness is a game. you should see how its being played, you will marvel @ their way of life. should you not have the heart for it, you either take to your heels and be sideline watcher or go on full scale.
As me, i work, i feed myself and others around me, happy by the day and await the judgement of God. so dont be a hatter of wealth and rich pple. be happy for them or pity them as they have so much burden on their shoulders more than you can image
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by Tabon: 8:55am On Jan 19, 2012
Fellow Nigerians. I am very sure that most of d persons parading today are d oil cabals that have kept Nigeria in a sorry state. 20yrs ago before d introduction of fuel subsidy and d false claims of importation,these persons nobody.
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by mamagee3(f): 5:53pm On Mar 05, 2012
Who cares?
It's not like these men give me some share of their wealth.
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by Nobody: 10:33pm On Aug 02, 2012
@poster I believe OBJ is worth more than 180B ,because even his domestic Aid(Andy Uba) declare 1trillion to inec in 2007!...
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by tamiesa(m): 4:33am On Aug 03, 2012
so after all these talk for and against the list, whats the way forward?
what are u all doing genuinely to create wealth for yourselves so that u can strike out (replace) all those names on the list?
lets be wise!
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by domiron: 3:18pm On Aug 03, 2012
Tamiesa i quite agree with you. I wonder who put gay arsed politicians on the list?. They don't count. Only genuine business men should count. Politicians?, no way...Me?...ten years from now, I'll be UN-top of all dem lot.
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by onyfrank: 5:18pm On Aug 03, 2012
Please tell one of them to mail me, at firstname.lastname@example.com. I have a bank acct to give. Jst need N3m out of dat trilions. Godblex. Am cirius
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by tamtee: 12:09am On Dec 16, 2012
sobere Diri..... CEO Hamilton Technologies Limited name is supposed to be dere
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by blossom29: 3:03pm On Feb 22, 2013
Thanks for the list @poster but seriosly all of them don't inspire me because they are not humanitarians. What is the use of their money to us if they can't help the poor and needy? . With or without proof most of them made their money and names by embezzlement.
|Re: Nigeria's Top 50 Richest Billionaires by Montee57(m): 1:21pm On Mar 24, 2016
1 Like
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text:
Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth Schreffler mark golden wedding anniversary
Kenneth and Carol Schreffler of Lisbon celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary on July 8 at with a private dinner party hosted by their children at Cafe Capri in Boardman.
The former Carol Swartz and Mr. Schreffler were married on July 8, 1966, at the First United Methodist Church in Lisbon. The Rev. Fred Shiltz officiated.
Mr. Schreffler is a member of the Lisbon Ruritan Club and a Center Township trustee, a position he has held for 35 years. He worked at the Columbiana County Board of Developmental Disabilities from 1985-2004 as a truck driver and from 2005-10 as a bus aide. He also worked for 18 years with A&P Tea Company.
Mrs. Schreffler was employed as a workshop specialist at the Columbiana County Board of Developmental Disabilities from 1983-2010.
The couple has four children, Cindy (Dean) Noble of Cortland, Kevin (Renee) Schreffler and Christine Schreffler all of Lisbon and Jeffrey (Melissa) Schreffler of Fairport, N. Y. They also have eight grandchildren.


text:
Chattooga Creek Mitigation Bank is located at the confluence of Chattooga and Duck Creeks in Walker County, Georgia. Duck Creek flows to the Chattooga River approximately one mile downstream. These streams have been degraded by hoofshear from cattle grazing. Mitigation approved at the Bank includes 82 acres of stream and riparian buffer restoration and preservation, 3,580 linear feet of Priority Level II restoration through natural channel design to stabilize streams, and 9,700 linear feet of vegetative restoration and preservation of riparian buffers. Users are able to compensate for unavoidable impacts to all types of stream systems and forested riparian buffer within the service area with credits from Chattooga Creek.
Both Duck Creek and the Chattooga River are currently listed on the 303(d) list for not meeting their designated use of fish due to fecal coliform and a Total Maximum Daily Load for these waters was completed in 2009. The Bank provides numerous water quality and ecological benefits within the Upper Coosa River basin. While many of these benefits are limited to the project area, others, such as pollutant removal and improved aquatic and terrestrial habitat, have far-reaching effects.
82 +/- acres
Stream and Riparian Buffer
Walker County, Georgia
|Service Area:
Upper Coosa (03150105), Oostanaula (03150103), Conasauga (03150101), and Coosawattee (03150102)
Middle Tennessee-Chickamauga (0602001), Ocoee (06020003), and Etowah (03150104)


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Gallery: The crumbling Buddhist kingdom of Bagan, Myanmar
After two years of exploring Southeast Asian temples, nothing stands out in my memory like the ruins of Bagan.
Formerly known as "Pagan," Bagan was founded in 849 AD and in only a few hundred years became the heart of a huge Buddhist kingdom.
Bagan was sacked in the 13th century, a casualty of the Mongol invasion. It's been in a state of slow decay ever since, succumbing to fire, earthquakes and looting.
All that remains today of King Aniruddha's sprawling empire are the crumbling ruins stretched across the parched, flat plains of central Myanmar.
For those who find Cambodia's Angkor too busy or the wats of Chiang Mai too shiny, Bagan is the perfect antidote.
My Journey
For seven days I wake up at dawn to explore the maze of temples by bicycle, with map in hand and almost no tourists in sight. The temples are filled with colorful frescoes, gilded Buddhas and a few Myanmar characters.
Break of Dawn in Bagan
I'm not a morning person, but motivating myself to see these temples at dawn is no difficult task. My first choice: climbing Buledi to see the sunrise. I arrive in time to catch the outline of the temple in the morning light.
Balloon over Bagan
Htilominlo Paho at daybreak, with one of the many balloons that start to rise with the sun.
View from Buledi
Atop Buledi -- patches of morning fog still lingering on the ground and the bright sky and outline of distant temples make for the perfect introduction to Bagan.
I find this Burmese child perched on the edge of Buledi. He's one of only a few not to try and sell me a painting or ask for coins; he merely waves at me and runs off down a dusty road.
A perfect contrast
Part of what makes exploring Bagan so much fun is that the outside of a temple does not give any indication as to what is found inside its crumbling walls.
For more please click "NEXT" below.
Buddha Bagan
I have no idea a chipped Buddha awaits inside, perfectly shadowed in the hallway. Because so few of the temples are written up in my guidebook, each one is a new adventure. Some contain Buddhas like this one, others frescoes on the ceilings and walls, slowly fading with time.
Somber Buddha is somber
Others were more ambitious, such as this huge, somber Buddha inside Thatbyannyu Paya.
Irrawaddy River
This is a view of the Irrawaddy River from atop a temple in Old Bagan. Most of Bagan's ruins cannot be climbed. Those that remain -- close to 2,500 temples of the initial 4,500 built by King Aniruddha -- are a mix of monasteries, small stupas and bigger temples. These ruins stretch over sandy fields until the plains end and the Irrawaddy River begins.
Goat encounter
While I never tire of temple-hopping, I wish something could add more warmth to the ruins. Something with a big personality. And then, on my last sunset in Bagan, I run into this guy. Literally. I'm running toward a temple (#2101) that I have never seen before, and almost plow into this goat.
Goat herder
Several photos later, a smiling goat herder appears to let me know that temple #2101 is climbable and he has the key. He unlocks the creaking iron gates and we both squeeze through the narrow stairways and clamber through a tiny entrance to the terrace.
For more please click "NEXT" below.
Thinking monk thoughts
After 15 minutes of watching the beginnings of a sunset with the goat herder, this monk climbs to the terrace and sits in solitude until it is nearly dark.
Beginnings of a sunset
From atop Temple #2101, looking toward the mountains and away from the Irrawaddy River.
Sunset over Bagan
And what a sunset it is.
Twilight over Bagan
I stay on the temple with the goat herder and monk until twilight, leaving only when the moon arrives.
My trusty steed
Couldn't have done it without my trusty bicycle.
Where to stay
Golden Village Inn (off Restaurant Row; doubles at US$12) or New Heaven (off Restaurant Row; doubles at $8)
Where to Eat
In Nyaung U: Aroma 2 (Restaurant Row, halfway down) for Indian food; the teahouse across the street from Aroma 2 for cheap and delicious naan and samosas. In Old Bagan, the Be Kind to Animals restaurant makes the best eggplant dish I've ever tasted (off Bagan-Nyaung U road near Ananda Paho)
What to read
"The River of Lost Footsteps," by Thant Myint-U. A comprehensive, well-written account of Myanmar's sprawling history.
How to get there
Regular buses run from Mandalay to Bagan (8-10 hours; 9,000 kyat) or overnight from Yangon (15-plus hours; 18,000 kyat). You can also fly to Bagan from Yangon or Mandalay.
Outside of dry season, slow boats and a fast ferry ply the Irrawaddy River from Bagan to Mandalay several times per week.
Take caution
Myanmar can be a difficult place to navigate due to political concerns. Check the latest travel news concerning the country before traveling.


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The OPP is reminding drivers to be vigilant during the Thanksgiving long weekend.
Law enforcement agencies across Canada are implementing Operation Impact over the weekend, honing in on the so-called "Big 4" factors linked to fatal crashes.
North London residents worried townhouse development will draw students to quiet neighbourhood
As of Oct. 1, the OPP says 156 people have died this year in crashes in Ontario linked to aggressive driving, alcohol or drug use, inattentive driving and lack of proper seat belt use.
Officers are reminding everyone to plan lots of extra time to get where they need to be and to drive sober.
© 2018 Global News, a division of Corus Entertainment Inc.


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Certified Association of the Indian Institute (CAIIB)
What is Certified Associate of the Indian Institute of Bankers (CAIIB)?
Acronym for Certified Associate of the Indian Institute of Bankers., aims at providing the advanced knowledge necessary for better decision making covering risk, financial and general bank management.
CAIIB aims at providing the advanced knowledge necessary for better decision making covering risk, financial and general bank management.
The CAIIB exam is only for the ordinary members of the Institute.
A candidate applying for CAIIB must have completed JAIIB.
This certificate course widely recognized across the banking industry. The aspirants include employees of RBI, NABARD, SIDBI and all commercial banks, cooperative banks and Regional Rural Banks. The candidates get benefits from their employers in the form of incentives, increments, and promotions by passing CAIIB exam.
CAIIB has three subjects of which 2 are compulsory and 1 is optional (out of 11 electives)
Compulsory papers:
- Advanced Bank Management
- Bank Financial Management
- Elective papers (you have to choose any ONE)
- Corporate Banking
- Rural Banking
- International Banking
- Retail Banking
- Co-operative Banking
- Financial Advising
- Human Resources Management
- Information Technology
- Risk Management
- Central Banking
- Treasury Management
Pattern of examination:
- Objective type (multiple choice) questions.
- About 100 questions per subject are asked for the duration of two hours. The Institute may, however, vary the number of questions to be asked for a subject.
- Each subject carries 100 marks. There is no negative mark for wrong answers.
- The examination is held online.
Questions for the JAIIB / CAIIB Examination will be asked calling for :
- Knowledge testing
- Conceptual grasp
- Analytical / logical exposition
- Problem solving
- Case analysis
- Further, questions based on current developments in banking and finance may be asked.
- Candidates are advised to refer to financial newspapers/periodicals including ''IIB VISION'' and ''Bank Quest'' published by the Institute.
After a long time I met a dynamic personality like Shanker Sir. As a results, I cleared JAIIB and CAIIB in the very first attempt. Excellent training. Thank you Sir. I am indebted to you!!!


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Tiffany from Bride of Chucky Costume Photo 4 of 5
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This homemade costume for girls entered our 2016 Halloween Costume Contest.
A word from Kayla, the 'Tiffany from Bride of Chucky' costume creator:
MAKENNAH, 6 YEARS OLD, LOVES SCARY MOVIES. THE PAST THREE YEARS SHE HAS PICKED A CHARACTER FROM A HORROR FILM, STARTING WITH CHUCKY, THEN THE DOLL FROM SAW, AND THIS YEAR SHE CHOSE TIFFANY. I... Read more »


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For Factory Owners.
Save electricity costs with 25% returns guaranteed!
Solarika is established with a mission to accelerate the growth and adoption of Solar Energy around the globe. Its founders and associates not only have decades of first-hand experience in installation of Solar Energy systems and products, but also a strong engineering, operations and R&D background. This combination of skills is fueled by our relentless passion for solar energy, which we believe will add un-paralleled value to our customers and partners


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Success is within your grasp.
PREP reduces the barriers to entry for food entrepreneurs. PREP members benefit from the following amenities to help make running your food business a bit easier.
Extensive Facilities
Customizable, permit-ready, private kitchen spaces
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Empathy for Men in a Post-Feminist WorldMarch 18th, 2013 by Pelle Billing
Most people do a decent job of being empathetic. When a friend has a string of bad luck, we offer a listening ear. If a cat is stuck in a tree, someone calls for help. When an old woman has nowhere to sit on the bus, we offer her our seat.
Our empathy also extends beyond our individual lives, into the realm of collective efforts. Peacekeeping forces risk their lives protecting people they have never met before. Environmental organizations spend time and money protecting animals and our whole biosphere. Many people volunteer for charities.
In fact, the argument can be made that our empathetic embrace is wider than ever before, including people all over the world, as well as many animals. The reason for this is not necessarily that we have more open hearts than our ancestors, but that we are aware of more situations that trigger our willingness to care or even offer our help.
As it turns out, empathy is not only emotional but also cognitive. You have see and understand the problems and challenges that other people face, in order to feel empathy for them. This means that increasing levels of education and a more connected world, translate into a wider empathetic embrace.
In particular, more sophisticated analyses of social issues have led to increased empathy for a range of groups in society. We are now aware of the specific challenges that can be connected to race, class, gender and sexual orientation. This awareness has not led to any kind of final resolution of the issues these groups face, but it has led to a level of recognition, which in itself can be invaluable.
In the field of gender politics, the progress in awareness has been almost exclusively connected to the struggles and daily lives of women. We have been taught about domestic violence, rape, impossible standards of beauty, discrimination in the workplace and the challenge of combining motherhood with a career. As a consequence, men have been given the information and tools needed to feel empathy for women.
Perhaps more importantly, women have received the recognition and validation they deserve. The sacrifices they have made, and still make, within the female gender role no longer go unnoticed. There is a cultural awareness of the fact that womanhood comes with specific challenges, and women know that this awareness is out there. If you want to get a good sound equipment like for example headset, you can get a good quality ones in headphonage.com.
For men, the situation is quite different. The cultural zeitgeist for the past few decades has been that men get the good deal in life, and women the rough deal. So why have any specific empathy for men and the male gender role?
Women quite simply haven't been given the information and tools needed to feel empathy for men. Obviously, women can and do feel empathy for men on an individual level. But women haven't been taught about men's issues or the specific challenges of the male gender role.
The gender discourse of the past few decades has not been focused on male disposability, custody battles where men lose their children, or suicide and homelessness where men dominate the statistics. Most people do not know that men are also the victims of domestic violence, and we rarely address the fact that overall men are more exposed to violence than women.
How can women—or for that matter, men—feel empathy for men and the male gender role, if this kind of information is not readily available in the public discourse? They cannot, and this lack of empathy is evident in popular culture.
In movies and TV series men can be slapped, kicked in the groin or even raped—as part of a funny sequence. If the genders were reversed, the genre would no longer be comedy. In sitcoms, men and fathers are regularly portrayed as clueless chumps who barely know how to tie their own shoelaces. Portraying women in this way would lead to accusations of misogyny.
Obviously, this kind of imbalance does neither gender any good. Women are deprived of the perspectives and knowledge needed to understand men on a deeper level. They may also feel a growing resentment over what they perceive as one-sided societal structures that primarily hurt women. The world does seem very unfair if you are only taught about the hardships that women face.
Men, on the other hand, may feel a diffuse sense of shame for being the "bad" gender. Since you are not automatically included in the empathetic embrace, you constantly have to prove that you are a good man, worthy of acceptance and respect. Some men may shut down emotionally, choosing not to open up in a world that seems to have limited interest in their inner lives.
So how can we move forward? I can only see one solution, however counter-intuitive it may seem to everyone who has been shaped by our current culture: We need to talk about men and the lives of men. Only by leveling the playing field in the gender discourse, can women and men have a deeper understanding of the male gender role.
What are the specific challenges that men face? How do we want men to be portrayed in popular culture? How can we become more sensitive to men's needs?
The day that we start including men's issues in conversations about gender—in schools, universities, the media and in politics—is the day that our empathetic embrace finally expands to include men and the male gender role.


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Posts Tagged 'steric factors'
Migratory Insertion: Introduction & CO Insertions
We've seen that the metal-ligand bond is generally polarized toward the ligand, making it nucleophilic. When a nucleophilic, X-type ligand is positioned cis to an unsaturated ligand in an organometallic complex, an interesting process that looks a bit like nucleophilic addition can occur.
On the whole, the unsaturated ligand appears to insert itself into the M–X bond; hence, the process is called migratory insertion. An open coordination site shows up in the complex, and is typically filled by an added ligand. The open site may appear where the unsaturated ligand was or where the X-type ligand was, depending on which group actually moved (see below). There is no change in oxidation state at the metal (unless the ligand is an alkylidene/alkylidyne), but the total electron count of the complex decreases by two during the actual insertion event—notice in the above example that the complex goes from 18 to 16 total electrons after insertion. A dative ligand comes in to fill that empty coordination site, but stay flexible here: L could be a totally different ligand or a Lewis base in the X-type ligand. L can even be the carbonyl oxygen itself!
We can distinguish between two types of insertions, which differ in the number of atoms in the unsaturated ligand involved in the step. Insertions of CO, carbenes, and other η1 unsaturated ligands are called 1,1-insertions because the X-type ligand moves from its current location on the metal to one spot over, on the atom bound to the metal. η2 ligands like alkenes and alkynes can also participate in migratory insertion; these reactions are called 1,2-insertions because the X-type ligand slides two atoms over, from the metal to the distal atom of the unsaturated ligand.
This is really starting to look like the addition of M and X across a π bond! However, we should take care to distinguish this completely intramolecular process from the attack of a nucleophile or electrophile on a coordinated π system, which is a different beast altogether. Confusingly, chemists often jumble up all of these processes using words like "hydrometalation," "carbometalation," "aminometalation," etc. Another case of big words being used to obscure ignorance! We'll look at nucleophilic and electrophilic attack on coordinated ligands in separate posts.
Reductive Elimination: General Ideas
Reductive elimination is the microscopic reverse of oxidative addition. It is literally oxidative addition run in reverse—oxidative addition backwards in time! My favorite analogy for microscopic reversibility is the video game Braid, in which "resurrection is the microscopic reverse of death." The player can reverse time to "undo" death; viewed from the forward direction, "undoing death" is better called "resurrection." Chemically, reductive elimination and oxidative addition share the same reaction coordinate. The only difference between their reaction coordinate diagrams relates to what we call "reactants" and "products." Thus, their mechanisms depend on one another, and trends in the speed and extent of oxidative additions correspond to opposite trends in reductive eliminations. In this post, we'll address reductive elimination in a general sense, as we did for oxidative addition in a previous post.
During reductive elimination, the electrons in the M–X bond head toward ligand Y, and the electrons in M–Y head to the metal. The eliminating ligands are always X-type! On the whole, the oxidation state of the metal decreases by two units, two new open coordination sites become available, and an X–Y bond forms. What does the change in oxidation state suggest about changes in electron density at the metal? As suggested by the name "reductive," the metal gains electrons. The ligands lose electrons as the new X–Y bond cannot possibly be polarized to both X and Y, as the original M–X and M–Y bonds were. Using these ideas, you may already be thinking about reactivity trends in reductive elimination…hold that thought. Read the rest of this entry »
Oxidative Addition of Non-polar Reagents
How important are oxidative additions of non-polar reagents? Very. The addition of dihydrogen (H2) is an important step in catalytic hydrogenation reactions. Organometallic C–H activations depend on oxidative additions of C–H bonds. In a fundamental sense, oxidative additions of non-polar organic compounds are commonly used to establish critical metal-carbon bonds. Non-polar oxidative additions get the ball rolling in all kinds of catalytic organometallic reactions. In this post, we'll examine the mechanisms and important trends associated with non-polar oxidative additions.
Oxidative Additions of H2
Electron-rich metal centers with open coordination sites (or the ability to form them) undergo oxidative additions with dihydrogen gas. The actual addition step is concerted, as we might expect from the dull H2 molecule! However, before the addition step, some interesting gymnastics are going on. The status of the σ complex that forms prior to H–H insertion is an open question—for some reactions it is a transition state, others a discrete intermediate. In either case, the two new hydride ligands end up cis to one another. Subsequent isomerization may occur to give a trans dihydride.
There's more to this little reaction than meets the eye. For starters, either pair of trans ligands in the starting complex (L/L or Cl/CO) may "fold back" to form the final octahedral complex. As in associative ligand substitution, the transition state for folding back is basically trigonal bipyramidal. As we saw before, π-acidic ligands love the equatorial sites of the TBP geometry, which are rich in electrons capable of π bonding. As a consequence, π-acidic ligands get folded back preferentially, and tend to end up cis to their trans partners in the starting complex.
Oxidative Addition: General Ideas
A critical difference between the transition metals and the organic elements is the ability of the former to exist in multiple oxidation states. In fact, the redox flexibility of the transition metals and the redox obstinacy of the organic elements work wonderfully together. Why? Imagine the transition metal as a kind of matchmaker for the organic elements. Transition metals can take on additional covalent bonds (oxidation), switch out ligands (substitution), then release new covalent bonds (reduction). The resulting organic products remain unfazed by the metal's redox insanity. Talk about a match made in heaven!
The following series of posts will deal with the first step of this process, oxidation. More specifically, we'll discuss the oxidation of transition metals via formal insertion into covalent bonds, also known as oxidative addition (OA). Although we often think of oxidative addition as an elementary reaction of organometallic chemistry, it is not an elementary mechanistic step. In fact, oxidative addition can proceed through a variety of mechanisms. Furthermore, any old change in oxidation state does not an oxidative addition make (that almost rhymes…). Formally, the attachment of an electrophile to a metal center (e.g., protonation) represents oxidation, but we shouldn't call this oxidative addition, since two ligands aren't entering the fray. Instead, we call this oxidative ligation (OL).
Dissociative Ligand Substitution
Associative substitution is unlikely for saturated, 18-electron complexes—coordination of another ligand would produce a 20-electron intermediate. For 18-electron complexes, dissociative substitution mechanisms involving 16-electron intermediates are more likely. In a slow step with positive entropy of activation, the departing ligand leaves, generating a coordinatively unsaturated intermediate. The incoming ligand then enters the coordination sphere of the metal to generate the product. For the remainder of this post, we'll focus on the kinetics of the reaction and the nature of the unsaturated intermediate (which influences the stereochemistry of the reaction). The reverse of the first step, re-coordination of the departing ligand (rate constant k–1), is often competitive with dissociation.
Reaction Kinetics
Let's begin with the general situation in which k1 and k–1 are similar in magnitude. Since k1 is rate limiting, k2 is assumed to be much larger than k1 and k–1. Most importantly, we need to assume that variation in the concentration of the unsaturated intermediate is essentially zero. This is called the steady state approximation, and it allows us to set up an equation that relates reaction rate to observable concentrations Hold onto that for a second; first, we can use step 2 to establish a preliminary rate expression.
(1) rate = k2[LnM–◊][Li]
Gee, I'm a Tree: Predicting the Geometry of Organometallic Complexes
An important issue that we've glossed over until now concerns what organometallic complexes actually look like: what are their typical geometries? Can we use any of the "bookkeeping metrics" we've explored so far to reliably predict geometry? The answer to the latter questions is a refreshing but qualified "yes." In this post, we'll explore the possibilities for complex geometry and develop some general guidelines for predicting geometry. In the process we'll enlist the aid of a powerful theoretical ally, crystal field theory (CFT). CFT provides some intuitive explanations for geometry the geometry of OM complexes. Here we go!
Because OM complexes feature a variety of coordination numbers, the possibilities for geometry are numerous. The common geometries of organic chemistry—linear, pyramidal, trigonal planar, and tetrahedral—are available to OM complexes too. Many complexes exhibit a second kind of four-coordinate geometry, square planar. Five-coordinate complexes may exhibit either square pyramidal or (my personal favorite) trigonal bipyramidal geometries. Six-coordinate complexes feature either octahedral geometry or the rare but intriguing trigonal prismatic arrangement. The figure below summarizes these possibilities (minus the two-coordinate geometries, which we won't deal with).


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Tag Archives: problems
One Chain Ring to Rule Them All2
October 1, 2014 by gardiner12
As the miles take their toll on the bike, certain predictable bits of maintenance need to be completed. Most recently, …
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Ending on a Qinghai7
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Leaving behind the friendly atmosphere and delicious home-cooked meals of the hostel in Jiayuguan wasn't easy. But after several days …
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Baby Steppes1
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As it turns out, the transition from contented normality to perpetual two-wheeled nomadism is not an easy one. After several …
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A Wales of a Time1
April 28, 2014 by loscobos12
Having nobly given up cycle-touring for Lent, Maundy Thursday arrived, and Andrew and Rob prepared to celebrate Christ's suffering at …
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Trundle in the Jungle7
October 24, 2013 by gardiner12
Varanasi to Mumbai is a mammoth 27 hour train journey. Fortunately, I had company in the form of an Israeli …
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A Little Less Agra-vation (Please?)6
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After a lot longer than originally intended, I finally left Delhi and set off on my bike again. And so, …
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When the weather turns warm, the last thing you want to do is stay in the kitchen slaving over a hot oven! I have several "no bake" recipes that I will share today. The first is this wonderful Snicker Salad. My sister, Lisa, had told me about this salad. I had ever heard of it before coming to Iowa. Most folks up here call this a salad, I call it dessert. Either way….I Like It!! It is light and sweet with a tasteful variety of textures. Let me know if you like it!!!
I didn't add a carmel drizzle to this after I made it, but it looks beautiful with it and tastes even better!
You will need:
6 Regular size Snicker's candy bars
6 Apples – Red Delicious or Granny Smith
1 5 oz. Vanilla Instant Pudding ( Dry)
1/2 C. Milk
1 12oz. Container Cool Whip
1/2 C. Carmel Ice Cream topping, if desired
To start making this scrumptious salad, whisk your pudding along with the milk and Cool Whip until combined. Set aside…..just for a few minutes. Now, chop and de seed the apples. Also, cut the Snickers into bite size pieces. I have tried using the smaller individual wrapped ones and they are much harder to work with. Now its time to put this baby together! Mix your apples, Snickers into the pudding/Cool Whip mixture. Really get in there and mix it good!! At this point you may add a carmel drizzle, if you like. Chill at least 1 hour before serving.


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Tuesday, March 9, 2010
It's official!
Congratulations to everyone at the El Paso Opera who worked so hard to make the dream of this proclamation a reality! March is officially opera month in El Paso and in celebration, El Paso Opera is offering everyone 25% off tickets to this weekend's "Porgy & Bess" concert suite on Friday and Saturday night! Call 915-581-5534 to order tickets.
Thank you Mayor John Cook and City Council!
Posted by The Lisa D Show at 8:08 PM
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Interior Design Tips That Can Save You A Lot Of Money
Many people want to update their home's look, but they mistakenly assume that the changes will cost too much. But that often couldn't be further than the truth. Making DIY changes without the help of a professional are often easy and inexpensive to do. Read more of this article to get some great ideas for doing the work yourself.
Consider the main function of a room or area before you start on a new design project. If you are redecorating a child's room you should use some bright and lively colors to go along with a child's enthusiasm. But those colors won't work in a library for instance.
Before you start working in a room, decide the kind of mood you want the room to present. The mood of a room can range from calm and soothing to exciting and outrageous. Selecting a distinct mood for an area beforehand makes it easier to proceed in a way that ensures a consistent, cohesive end result.
Reduce your interior design budget by looking for lower-cost alternatives to high-cost additions. Purchasing decor from a high-end designer can cost lots of money. However, you can typically find similar items without having the brand name of the designer for much cheaper. The only time you should use designer brands is if you can't find similar items for a cheaper price.
When decorating small spaces, be sure the furniture you use is versatile. For example, you could use ottomans rather than actual chairs or sofas. An ottoman used in this way can provide extra seating or a table surface in a cramped area. If you use some things that can be decoration and also you can use you can make the best of your room.
When designing a kid's room, fix it from a kid's perspective. Small children do not view their room in the same manner that you do. Try to make everything very easy to access. Try to look at things as the child would and eliminate any potential hazards.
When redoing the countertops in your kitchen, get creative. There is always the popular granite to consider, but also think about using non traditional materials such as cork, concrete or wood. You might save some money by going this route, and you will create a unique look in your home.
Stay on top of the trends if you want your interior design projects to turn out great. You don't want to be that person that looks like they're stuck in the 70's, with old and tacky wallpaper. Pay attention to what everyone else is doing.
Think of a way to design your framed pictures to look nice and fitting in your home. Keep in mind that pictures are included in the design of your rooms. Pictures and posters can be hung in different angles to improve the appearance. Hang the art in some really unique ways. Making use of surrounding white space can create some interesting effects and even change the mood of a room.
As you can now see, it's not hard to be your own interior designer. If you use the above advice, your home will look new and improved in no time!…


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by Theresa Homan, Notre Dame Sisters Associate
"Who do people say that the Son of Man is?" "But who do you say that I am?" MT 16: 13, 15
Who does Jesus say that he is? The Way, the Truth and the Life. Jesus identifies himself with the poor and the least among us. We are all sinners, therefore we are all poor in some way. It is so important, then, to see Jesus in EVERYONE. We are all so different and hold opposing views on many things. Why does God make us so different yet expect us to get along and live in peace with our neighbors?
"Oh, the depth of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God! How inscrutable are his judgments and how unsearchable his ways!" RM 11:33
What does God know about our nature, our abilities, our limitations, that creating us and allowing us such freedom seems like a good idea? Is there something holy in the struggle to rise above unloving influences from society, neighbors and even family, even while we often fall prey to them?
Our true nature is to love; to be one with each other in love. It is our calling to be true to this nature as individuals and in our communities. We must not allow hate groups or we/they thinking to take root. Who is God? God is love. Let us choose love as our God.
by Judy Moe McCallum, Notre Dame Sisters Associate
Jesus went to Tyre and Sidon. A Canaanite woman of pagan descent cried to Him to heal her troubled child. Christ said, "I was not sent but to the sheep that are lost of the house of Israel." She begged, Lord help me. He answered: "It is not good to take the bread of the children and cast it to the dogs." She said, "Yea Lord, for the whelps also eat of the crumbs that fall from the table of their masters. Jesus answered, "Woman great is thy faith. " And her daughter was cured.
The teaching here that stirs my heart is Christ's invitation for us to be open and accepting toward everyone, even those who are different from us, without distinction.
As is often the way during reflection, I came upon this story of Giuliana visiting a distant city. She fell on some steps and cried out. A troubled homeless youth came over to her and wiped the blood from her arm, offering his only bottle of water, a few crumbs from his meager table. She was needed elsewhere, yet wanted to help him as he had helped her. All he wished for was a shower to wash away the grime of the streets. By God's grace, this little bit she was able to offer.
Last Sunday Sr. Anita called us the modern Peters as we become frightened when challenged to reach out to the poor, homeless and so many others. Yet Christ has shown us that even a few crumbs from our table can bring comfort to others and help assuage their troubled hearts.
"Lord, do not thrust me away from your presence; do not take away from me your spirit of holiness. Give me back the joy of your salvation; sustain in me a generous spirit." (Ps 51,11-12)
by Sr. Anita Rolenc, ND
1 Kings 19:9, 11-13 Romans 9:1-5 Matthew 14:22-33
I love these readings, for they are full of nature's surprises and God's display of power and creativity!
In the reading from 1 Kings, Elijah is confronted with a strong wind, an earthquake, and a fire. But God is in none of these. Then Elijah recognized God in the whispering sound.
Sometimes God has to use force—wind, quake, fire—to get our attention. Who can ignore the "boisterous" demand? But it is in the quiet moments of prayer or reflection, in the simple things—a flower, a singing bird, a child, an email or phone call—that God often tries to communicate with us. So, what are the "tiny whispering sounds" in your life? A refreshing rain on the lawn and garden and corn/bean crops? The bounty of the tomato/cucumber plant? A friend who needs a listening ear? A relative facing difficulties? A neighbor who is house-bound, lonely, elderly?
The Gospel of Matthew then follows with the disciples terrified on the stormy sea and at the sight of a "ghost" walking on the water. Boldly Peter questions, if it is Jesus, by attempting to walk on the water to reach Jesus. When he flops, Jesus lifts him up before calming the wind.
We are the modern Peters. We become frightened when challenged to reach out to the poor, the homeless, so many others. We make mistakes in our dealings with others. We often fail to live a fully Christian life. At times our faith is weak, like Peter's. The good news? Jesus is there for us! Jesus reaches out and takes us by the hand and encourages us to try again in our call to follow Him.
by Sr. Mary Ann Zimmer, ND
I am always learning from my students. Often the ones with the best questions are those who have been raised with little or no religious background. Their questions can be so fresh and honest. I had a student ask me last year what was with God always thinking he had to be the center of attention and get all the glory. Wasn't that pretty self-centered? So today what are we to think of this Sunday's feast day about Jesus' transfiguration into glory?
We get important clues from the first reading from the Book of the Prophet Daniel, which promises the Son of Man (later used as a title for Jesus) everlasting dominion, glory, and kingship—and service from all peoples, nations, and languages. The Book of Daniel belongs to what we call apocalyptic literature, highly symbolic literature written by oppressed people to encourage hope in God's inevitable triumph—even when hope is least reasonable. To praise God as king or the one having dominion is to contrast this promise with the life the people are experiencing in history. It is not that kingship is the ideal system of governance but that God, who requires justice and compassion, displays the ideal characteristics of one who rules.
What are we today, who put our trust in democracy and self-determination, to make of this Biblical insistence on God's kingship? I think the primary thing we overlook is that the people describing God in the scriptures lived most of their lives as people dominated by exploitive foreign powers or by many of their own kings who used their power for domination. To praise God as king, as the psalm says, is to "proclaim God's justice." The emphasis is not on a self-glorifying kingship but on God's justice, compassion for the poor, and protection of the lowly. God is king, exercising authority in contrast to what most people experienced most of the time. This is why the proclamation that God is King is good news. God and God's justice are meant to govern us and govern through us.
Jesus was the least likely person in his own day to be thought of as glorious. The Transfiguration was a manifestation of how God evaluated him and his choices. As human beings all of us exercise agency in some way. We have the God-given power to get things done in some large or small sphere. The readings today tell us how to exercise that agency and how to evaluate the use of power in our own day.
All this is meant to gradually teach us to see things with God's eyes, which may transform how we see the world around us and how we act in it. This is not so that God can exercise domination over us, but so that our individual and communal humanity may flourish.
May 2020
Notre Dame Sisters
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Omaha, NE 68112
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4 October, 2010@7:03 am
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It's time for the Major Lazer….. New animated music video for Major Lazer's "Percumajor". Remix of Cajmere's legendary dance hit "Perculator", directed by Konee Rok. Available on Cajual Records "Percolator Remixes" album. This one screams: "Play me, Dave Fogg, play me…."
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On the Deep Disanalogy Between Text and Software and Between Text and Data Insofar as Free/Open Access is Concerned Stevan Harnad It would be a *great* conceptual and strategic mistake for the movement dedicated to open access to peer-reviewed research (BOAI) http://www.soros.org/openaccess/ to conflate its sense of "free" vs. open" with the sense of "free vs. open" as it is used in the free/open-source software movements. The two senses are not at all the same, and importing the software-movements' distinction just adds to the still widespread confusion and misunderstanding that there is in the research community about toll-free access. I will try to state it in the simplest and most direct terms possible: Software is code that you use to *do* things. It may not be enough to let you use the code for free to do things, because one of the things you may want to do is to modify the code so it will do *other* things. Hence you may need not only free use of the code, but the code itself has to be open, so you can see and modify it. There is simply *no counterpart* to this in peer-reviewed research article use. None. Researchers, in using one another's articles, are using and re-using the *content* (what the articles are reporting), and not the *code* (i.e., the actually words in the text). Yes, they read the text. Yes (within limits) they may quote it. Yes, it is helpful to be able to navigate the code by character-string and boolean searching. But what researchers are fundamentally *not* doing in writing their own articles (which build on the articles they have read) is anything faintly analogous to modifying the code for the original article! I hope that that is now transparent, having been pointed out and written in longhand like this. So if it is obvious that what researchers do with the articles they read is not to modify the text in order to generate a new text, as programmers may modify a program to generate a new program, where did this open/free source/access conflation come from? There is a second conflation inherent in it, namely, a conflation between research publishing (i.e., peer-reviewed journal articles) and public data-archiving (scientific and scholarly databases consisting of the raw and processed data on which the research reports are based). Digital data archiving (e.g., the various genome databases, astrophysical databases, etc.) is relatively new, and it is a powerful *supplement* to peer-reviewed article publishing. In general, the data are not *in* the published article, they are *associated with* it. In paper days, there was not the page-allotment or the money to publish all the data. And even in digital days, there is no standardized practice yet of making the raw data as public as the research findings themselves; but there is definite movement in that direction, because of its obvious power and utility. The point, however, is this: As of today, articles and data are not the same thing. The 2,000,000 new articles appearing every year in the planet's 20,000 peer-reviewed journals (the full-text literature that -- as we cannot keep reminding ourselves often enough, apparently -- the open/free access movement is dedicated to freeing from access-tolls) consists of articles only, *not* the research data on which the articles are based. Hence, today, the access problem concerns toll-access to the article full-texts of 2,000,000 articles published yearly, not access to the data on which they are based (most of which are not yet archived online, let alone published; and, when they *are* archived online, they are often already publicly accessible toll-free!). No doubt research practices will evolve toward making all data accessible to would-be users, along with the articles reporting the research findings. This is quite natural, and in line with researchers' desire to maximize the use and hence the impact of their research. What may happen is that journals will eventually include some or all the underlying data as part of the peer-reviewed publication itself (there may even be "peer-reviewed data"), but in an online digital supplement only, rather than in the paper edition. (What is *dead-certain* is that, as this happens, authors will not be idiotic enough to sign over copyright to their research data to their publishers, the same way they have been signing over copyright to the texts of their research reports! So let's not even waste time on that implausible hypothetical contingency. The research community may be slow off the mark in reaching for the free-access that is already within its grasp, but they have not altogether taken leave of their senses!) But that bridge (digital data supplements), if it ever comes, can be crossed if/when we get to it. Right now, when we are talking about the peer-reviewed literature to which we are trying to free access we are talking about *articles* and not about *data*. Hence, exactly as in the conflation of text with software in the incorrect and misleading open/free source analogy, the conflation of open/free full-text access to the refereed literature with hypothetical questions about data-access and data re-use and re-analysis capability is simply incorrect and misleading. The two are different, and it is only the first that is at issue today. Open/free access -- in this flurry of definitional fussiness and fancy one no longer knows which word to use! -- to the refereed research literature is already vastly overdue, even though it has been 100% within our practical reach for several years now. http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/documents/disk0/00/00/16/85/index.html Research usage and impact and productivity are still being needlessly lost daily, in untold quantities, because of access-denial by toll-barriers. Why on earth do we keep wasting our time, energy and attention on minor diversions and irrelevancies, while keeping the solution to the real, pressing problem on hold, as we ponder the ramifications of incoherent analogies with software and with data-archiving, when there is a real job to be done: freeing (sic) full-text access to the planet's yearly 2,000,000 peer-reviewed research articles, now! http://www.nature.com/nature/debates/e-access/Articles/harnad.html I will now quote/comment this latest variant of that Protean microbe that keeps on causing us Zeno's Paralysis on the road to the optimal and inevitable. In the past, the source of this persistent virus and its ever-mutating variants had been the opponents of free access (toll-access publishers), as well as its over-timorous potential beneficiaries (researchers, librarians, administrators). http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Tp/resolution.htm#8 But now the paralysis-inducing bug is also originating from the ranks of free-access activists, who risk balkanizing the free-access movement by driving a conceptual wedge between "free" and "open," despite the fact that nothing substantive is to be gained, and only more time to be lost thereby. I will pass to quote/comment mode to illustrate this: On Thu, 14 Aug 2003, Matthew Cockerill wrote: > The open source software community [uses] the shorthand 'free, as in beer' The open/free distinction in software is based on the modifiability of the code. This is irrelevant to refereed-article full-text. (And the beer analogy was silly and uninformative in both cases! Lots of laughs, but little light cast.) > Sure, if you are given some limited access to something and that access is > 'free, as in beer', that can be very useful. > In the world of software, say, that would apply to Windows Media Player, > which you can download for free from the Microsoft website (even though the > software itself is highly proprietary, and Microsoft would not take kindly > to you reverse-engineering it or distributing a modified version). This is all irrelevant to article-access, except that toll-access publishers can, like every other product- or service-provider, use partial or temporary access as a marketing "hook." Temporary access is not free access (or rather it is free access only while it is free). And partial access is free only for whatever it is access to, not for what it is not access to. (We're all "non-smokers" while we are asleep...) But none of this provides any basis at all for the analogy with proprietary code, as in software, nor with any need for code modifiability, whatsoever. > But free/open source software is more than 'free as in beer', it is 'free as > in speech', and this offers hugely significant extra freedoms (which is why > open source software has had such a revolutionary effect on the software > industry). This free beer/speech analogy was already dubious in the software case (not all programmers wish to give away their code [the freedom to produce non-give-away products/services is a freedom too!], either for use or for modification, or both; and my speech, whether spoken or written, is spoken/written for you to hear, not for you to claim to have been your own words, whether in unaltered or altered form; and we are free to say or write what we like, as long as it is indeed our own, etc. etc.). But never mind. We will not try to repair another domain's incoherent analogy here; but, please, let us not import it where it just sows still more confusion in an already confused terrain: Refereed-research-article authors (unlike the authors of most other forms of "written speech") are not interested in earning access-royalties from the sale or use of their words. They just want their words *used,* as much as possible. (That's "research impact.") But to use their words is not to modify their *form* (the code) and then re-issue them, perhaps as the modifier's own. To use their words is to use their *content*, by incorporating that content into the user's own content, in his *own* words, with proper source attribution, so as to produce another text, another "written speech." It would be nice if all programmers were willing and motivated to make all their code free, not just for use, but for modification too. It would also be nice if the writers of all words were willing and motivated to make their words free, not just for use, but for modification too. But alas humans and their egos are monadic, not distributed and diffuse, and their motivation is usually local, and quid pro quo. So there will always be programmers who program only if it pays, and they may want the credit as well as the first-dibs at modification and development. Nolo contendere there. But the same is true of writers. Some will always want to be paid for access to their words, and virtually all will want to keep their own words as their own. http://cogprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/archive/00001700/index.html Refereed-article writers, however, don't want to be paid for access to their words, because access-tolls reduce the usage of their work, which is what they really want to maximize (because that research impact is what brings them their rewards, both financial and scholarly/scientific). Because the words are in natural language, there is no question of researchers concealing their code (of they choose to publish at all). But what they want you freely using is its *content* (with proper attribution). There is no question of modifying its form. As software does not have this form/content duality, the analogy simply does not apply; it is incoherent. > The Free Software Foundation defines these freedoms as: > * The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0). Inapplicable to text: "Running the program" is accessing the text. > * The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your needs > (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this. Irrelevant to text. You may study and use the content of my (giveway, refereed-article) text (with attribution) in any way you like, and you may quote it (with attribution). That's all. And there all analogy between text and software ends. There are also many new software-based uses (indexing, search, navigation, digitometric analyses) that one can make of online text, which refereed-article authors also welcome, but the big hurdle is free full-text access, and not these perks, which will come with the territory. But no reprocessing of *my* text code in order to turn it into *your* text code (other than via its content, as processed by your brain)! (And remember that data, and data-processing, are not part of refereed-article text.) > * The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom > 2). Moot for text, when all you need redistribute is the URL of its toll-free full-text online. > * The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements to the > public, so that the whole community benefits (freedom 3). Access to the > source code is a precondition for this. > (see http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html ) Irrelevant to refereed-article text. You may improve on the content, in text of your own, with proper attribution. (And again, data re-analysis is an orthogonal matter.) > This philosophy fits exceptionally well with the needs of the scientific > community to share and build on each others research, which is why very many > academic software development projects are developed using an open source > model. Scientific *software*. But we were talking about scientific-article *text*, and this was supposed to be an analogy! There is no counterpart to collective software development at the article-code level. It is only content that the scientific community develops collectively, and even that, while tracking attribution through citation. Nor did the collective, cumulative use of scientific content require any cues from the software community! Open-source *content* has been the rule with scholarship for centuries: That's why scholars *publish*. The new question is only about access to their content (via their text) online. Please let's not forget or obscure that fundamental new question in this welter of free-associative digital analogies of doubtful relevance and coherence. > BioMed Central's policy of Open Access is based on giving the scientific > community a similarly broad freedom to make use of the research articles > that we publish. The scientific community already has the freedom to make use of published articles. What it lacks is toll-free access to their texts! > This includes giving access to the structured form of the articles, We're back to XML mark-up again: a perk, a welcome perk, but we first, and far more urgently, need the basics, namely, toll-free access to the full-text. Please let us focus on that, rather than getting side-tracked onto perks, especially those that make it seem as if free access were somehow not enough, somehow not "truly open." We don't have free access today. We don't need advice on the short-comings of free access; we need help in getting free access, as soon as possible. > and giving the right to redistribute and create derivative works > from the articles. I've already replied to this in an earlier posting: When the full-text is online and toll-free, the only relevant mode of "redistribution" is to distribute the URL. Ditto for "derivative works." Quotes, as always, require attribution. And text without attribution may be neither "re-used" nor modified. So what is really the point here? > This isn't just a philosophical issue - it has practical implications: > > e.g. in the August 14 issue of Nature (Vol 424 p727), Donat Agosti, from the > American Museum of Natural History, New York, laments the fact that the > www.antbase.org database of ant taxonomy is missing much critical > information because a large fraction of all descriptions of new ant species > are covered by publisher copyright. I couldn't follow this. If the database is toll-free, the database is toll-free. If making the database useful requires toll-free access to the full-text of refereed-articles, then the full-text of refereed-articles needs to be made toll-free! We knew that already! What is the point of all these further free-associations and free-floating analogies? We are running in circles instead of breaking out of the circle. > In a true Open Access environment, not only could Antbase link to the > articles on the publishers web site, but it could also make use the images > and the text within those published descriptions to compile a universal and > authoritative catalog of Ant taxonomy. Translation: We need free access not only to the database, but to the full-text. This can be clearly seen without conflating the two. (Please jettison this "true open access" locution, or save it for when we have universal false-but-toll-free full-text access, and we have nothing more urgent left to do than to optimize it further. My guess is that the rest will already have come with the territory of its own accord. But please, let's go for the territory, before the "truth" -- see Keats quote at end). > Finally, to respond to Sally's point questioning the benefits of > deposition in a standard repository: I re-read Sally Morris's point, and I now see that (in agreeing on #5) I misconstrued it as as addressing only the trivial differences between the types of "databases" -- "archives," "repositories": how we unfailingly prefer to fuss with and multiply terminological trivia instead of staying focussed on matter of substance! -- in which a full-text might be deposited (e.g., Eprints vs Dspace, or central vs. institutional). I now realize that Sally was refereeing there to BioMedCentral's (BMC's) [requirement? recommendation?] that BMC authors archive their BMC full-texts in an open-access database such as PubMed Central. Hence what my reply to Sally should have been was this: >sh> 5) Whether the item and/or its metadata are deposited in certain >sh> types of databases (this last seems to me supremely irrelevant) I agree it's irrelevant, if by "certain type" you mean, say, Eprints vs. Dspace. http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Amsci/2670.html But it's certainly not irrelevant whether the item (full-text) is deposited in *some* type of database *at all*, for if it is not deposited in a free-access database of *some* type, it is not free access! Whether that database type is institutional and distributed, disciplinary and central, or the toll-free access database of an open-access or a toll-access publisher is an implementational and strategic matter. And whether or not that database is OAI-compliant is a matter of functionality and efficiency (OAI-compliant databases greatly preferred!). > Although theoretically it might not matter where something is available, or > in what format, it should be clear that in practical terms these are > absolutely vital issues. Absolutely vital *relative to what*? In practical terms, we do not have free full-text online access to most of the refereed literature (2,000,000 annual articles, in 20,000 refereed journals) today. What is absolutely vital is getting that free access, now, and putting an end at last to the needless daily impact-loss that continues until that happens. Whether that free access is via this type of archive or that, and has or lacks these perks or those, is certainly not the absolutely vital issue today. On the contrary, foregrounding such minor details when we still lack the basics, and thereby raising the goal post for what we should all be aiming for, slows and diverts rather than speeds progress. Free access, now! Never mind the rest until we have those long-overdue basics in hand, at last! > So for example, theoretically, every DNA sequencing > lab could put up its own web page and make available the sequences they > themselves have obtained, using their own choice of format. The scientific > community would thereby have free access to all those DNA sequences. Correct. And this has absolutely *nothing* to do with the free-access movement, which is about toll-free access to the 2M articles in the 20K toll-access journals, not about data-archiving, which is a parallel but independent development that proceeds apace, and does not need free-access's (or publishers') permission! (Data-archiving, on the other hand, might help accelerate article-archiving!) http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/data-archiving.htm > But in > fact, the deposition of all DNA sequences in a standard format with Genbank > has a truly enormous benefit in practical terms, and has served as a crucial > foundation for the development of tools to mine the genome. PubMed Central's > role as a repository for biomedical research articles is very much > analogous to Genbank's role as a repository for DNA sequence data. An archive is an archive. There is an analogy (as well as a complementarity) between data-archives and article-archives, but the big difference is that both data archiving and data-archives are (1) new, and (2) do not have a prior tradition and current status quo of being non-free, whereas articles are (1) old, and (2) do have a prior tradition and current status quo of being non-free. Publishers' relatively new toll-based online article-archives are also non-free. So the relevant point about article archiving is that article-archives should be free. "that is all ye know on earth, and all ye need to know" Stevan Harnad NOTE: A complete archive of the ongoing discussion of providing open access to the peer-reviewed research literature online is available at the American Scientist September Forum (98 & 99 & 00 & 01 & 02 & 03): http://amsci-forum.amsci.org/archives/september98-forum.html or http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Amsci/index.html Discussion can be posted to: september98-forum at amsci-forum.amsci.org


text: MOVIES 'The Heat' Creative Team Reuniting for Action Comedy 6:25 PM PDT 4/3/2013 by Borys Kit , Pamela McClintock FACEBOOK TWITTER EMAIL ME Paul Feig Chernin Entertainment pays $1 million to pick up an untitled script from Katie Dippold with Paul Feig attached to direct. The creative team behind this summer's action comedy The Heat is teaming up once again. Director Paul Feig, writer Katie Dippold and producer Peter Chernin are colluding on another action comedy, with Chernin Entertainment plunking down $1 million from its discretionary fund to pick an untitled pitch from Dippold. Feig is attached to direct and produce. The logline is being kept under wraps. VIDEO: 'The Heat' Trailer Sees Melissa McCarthy, Sandra Bullock Cursing, Clubbing and Crime Fighting The project is not set up at a studio, and while Chernin's shingle is based at Fox, it doesn't guarantee the film an automatic home there. Chernin, for example, produced Oblivion for Universal, for which Feig made the hit comedy Bridesmaids. Heat is a buddy cop comedy starring Sandra Bullock as an uptight FBI agent paired with a Boston cop with an attitude played by Melissa McCarthy. The movie opens June 28 and is Feig's follow-up to Bridesmaids. FACEBOOK TWITTER EMAIL ME Borys Kit firstname.lastname@example.com borys_kit Pamela McClintock firstname.lastname@example.com PamelaDayM


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I've been meaning to do this since we moved in, because I disliked our brass doorknobs from day one. Our house was built in the late 1970's, and I'm sure these brass doorknobs were stylish then, but not only were they outdated in terms of style, but they also were coated with a wide variety of paint accumulated over the years.
So door handles are pretty easy to find, at Home Depot and most building stores. You can buy locking or nonlocking handles, and they also come in builders pack, of four handles. I opted for the brushed silver option.
I will say that there is a bit of a learning curve to this, which is why I though I would share. My first attempt ended up me locking myself in a bedroom and I had to call John to get a screwdriver to pry the door open. Lol.
Anyways, start by taking the knob off by sticking a screwdriver in the little tab to release the knob. It is usually found on the back of the door handle.
You can see the little tab under my finger.
Then, there should be another little slot to pop off the faceplace thing with a screwdriver (this step took me ages to figure out btw) you can see the lovely accumulation of paint on this doorknob… this is one of the better ones.
Then once you have the plate off, you unscrew the two screws.
And then pull on the front and back to take the whole assembly apart.
Then, you are left with the middle part, which may, or may not, pull out easily. I had to use pliers on a couple doors.
Be careful to look inside, because a few of our doors also had this metal cylinder inside. You can't fit the new lock inside if you don't remove this.
I'm not exactly sure why, but I had to chisel out a few of our doors because the next part didn't fit into the existing door. Luckily I have my grandfathers chisel to use 🙂
So, trace around the piece (sorry, have no idea what it's called) with a pencil, and use the hammer and chisel to remove some of the wood. Tip: chisel around the edges first, so the wood doesn't splinter.
Keep trying the piece, the goal is for it to sit flush with the doorframe. If it is sticking out, the door won't close properly.
Next, try putting the front and back of the doorknob on to see if everything fits properly
Important note here! Be sure that the angled part is facing the door jam. If you put this part in backwards, you will be locked in (yes, this is the part where I learned from experience) When the door closes, it has to push that lever in, (sorry, one again, I'm not familiar with the doorknob lingo) so it has to be angled towards the door frame, not the flat side.
So, once you have made sure everything is in the right way, and fits together, screw in the first piece to the door frame (so thankful I can explain with pictures!)
And, once you put it on, on the back of the door handle, there should be two more screws that are longer and will attach the front of the knob to the back.
You will have to move the door handle to get the second screw in.
The last step is to replace the metal plate on the door jam. It just unscrews, then you add the two new screws, and shiny plate.
So I obviously need to touch up the paint here, but I had to chisel this out a bit to fit the new plate in.
So overall, I'm happy with the results. After spending so much on renovations, details like the baseboards and doorknobs make a difference.
Im looking forward to sharing my Christmas decorations. I just put up the decorations outside, and have been working on getting everything done on the inside. I'll share pictures once I'm done. 🙂