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NERO Atlanta
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NERO Atlanta
Various In Game Documents
Historical Sutherlands Timeline
Submitted By:
August 15, 2007, 03:46:00 PM
Sutherlands Historical Timeline
293-594 ER -- Merchant ships from Evendarr discover inhabited islands in the far south and establish trade with the natives. The natives, whom the Evendarrian merchants term Barbarians, have a wealth of fish, pearls and other sea treasures, which they trade for finely crafted armor, weapons, furniture, and other home goods. Evendarrian maps initially refer to these islands as The Barbarian Isles although the natives call the islands Eit. Explorers chart twenty-two major islands and countless small islands, sand bars and coral reefs. The islands themselves prove difficult to navigate.
347 -- King Willem Endarr I, seeking to expand the Kingdom of Evendarr, grants adventurers charters to explore and later settle the uninhabited eastern coast. The area is surprisingly free of native populations or violent creatures normally found in wilderness settings. The land proves to be amazingly fertile and hospitable, and overpopulated areas of Evendarr send many immigrants.
357 -- Settlers from Evendarr found Trestar as the first major center of commerce, local government and military. King Willem Endarr I names these new territories the "Protectorate of the Southern Lands of Evendarr", and assigns his Knight, Byron, to administer the local government and organize protection for the people. Sir Byron creates a small standing local militia composed of retired King's Army soldiers for the settler's protection. The Barbarians of the Barbarian Isles end trade with Evendarrian merchants and also refuse to trade with the growing Evendarrian population on the mainland cost.
365 -- Barbarians from the Barbarian Isles raid Evendarrian coastal settlements. Although initially forbidden by Sir Byron, Evendarrian settlers respond with raids on Barbarian settlements in the Isles. Sir Byron has the city of Trestar walled.
369 -- Mounting tensions culminate when the Barbarians declare war and lay siege to Trestar just prior to the fall harvest.
370 -- Sir Byron, as well as many of the Evendarrian settlers, are trapped in the siege of Trestar. However, their defenses hold, and the Barbarians do not penetrate the walls. By late spring, supplies run low and starvation becomes a real threat for the people in Trestar. Hoenig, a noted celestial mage, organizes the settlers outside the siege into a militia and manages to force the Barbarians back to their islands. Though vastly outnumbered, Hoenig demonstrates great strategic ability in lifting the siege. Sir Byron declares him the Hero of Trestar. The Barbarians refuse attempts for peaceful negotiations.
372 -- After several years of continued skirmishes and raids, King Mykel Endarr II sends troops to end the bloodshed. On recommendation of Sir Byron, His Majesty knights Hoenig and names him General of the Royal Armies for the Protectorate of Sutherland. Immediately, Sir Hoenig leads a counter-attack on the Barbarian Isles. After a great sea battle, Hoenig's forces capture several of the northern islands.
375 -- Barbarians lay siege to the southernmost settlement, the recently established Southerland Keep, while Sir Hoenig and the majority of the King's forces are occupied with fighting in the northern islands. Sir Byron raises a force primarily of farmers, townspeople, and merchants to push back the Barbarian forces. In reward for his many years of service, King Mykel Endarr II allows the elderly Sir Byron to retire, granting him estates in Northern Evendarr. His Majesty names Sir Hoenig Magistrate of the Protectorate of the Southern Lands of Evendarr.
378 -- Sir Hoenig's forces capture the largest and most important of the islands, the Island of Eit, thus finally subduing the Barbarians and ending years of bloodshed. The King grants Hoenig the Barbarian Isles and names him Baron of the (renamed) Isles d'Hoenig. The large Barbarian city and trading port of Eit on the island of Eit is named the capital. With the blessing of the King, Baron Hoenig opens up the Isles to settlement by citizens of Evendarr. The Barbarian populations are given three choices: leave the islands forever, swear fealty to King Mykel Endarr II, or be resettled to Wolf's Eye Island. Some choose relocation, many swear fealty and become citizens of Evendarr, and a few manage to flee to an unknown location. Rumors persist that the Barbarians who went into exile later make up the bulk of the pirates that hazard the waters surrounding the Isles.
385 -- A series of deaths and disappearances on the island of Eit are attributed to an ancient vampire; as told in various legends of the native Barbarians. Baron Hoenig appoints Sedohr to solve the mystery and put an end to the mysterious deaths. Arrack, an elderly shaman from the native Barbarian tribes, helps Sedohr lead a group of adventures including Seranden and Robert the Horseman, to the vampire's lair. A long and difficult struggle ensues, but they manage to subdue the vampire and destroy its vampiric form. Afterwards, Arrack convinces Sedohr that he should form an order of knights to uphold the Code of Chivalry and the virtues of good. Seranden and the other adventurers that aided Sedohr agree, and ask him to be the head of the order. In a grand ceremony, Arrack officiates the creation of the new order and names it the Knights of the Ancient and Honorable Order d'Eit. Arrack then names Sedohr head of the order. Sedohr swears fealty to the order and the Code of Chivalry, and he declares that the Knights d'Eit will be Ever Vigilant in their war against evil. At the feast celebrating the establishment of the Knights, a mysterious stranger appears. He introduces himself as Colmillo and vows to Arrack that he "Will forever haunt your Knights d'Eit. No action they take will be without my influence and I will forever corrupt your Order."
386 -- Baron Hoenig Knights Sedohr to his Court and recognizes the Knights d'Eit as the Knightly Order of "the Isles d'Hoenig and all new territories settled by the Isles."
390 -- Settlers found the city of Borg and explorers find the edge of La Oscura Forest.
407 -- Baron Hoenig grants a charter to an organization of Hoblings from elsewhere in Evendarr to found settlements along the eastern edge of La Oscura Forest.
414 -- Several Wild Elven tribes are discovered to be living in the La Oscura Forest by the Hobling settlers.
416 -- Sir Sedohr dies and is well received into the Heroes' Graveyard. From the Heroes' Graveyard, Sir Sedohr names Sir Seranden head of the Knights d'Eit.
420 -- Baron Hoenig sends Sir Seranden to negotiate with the Wild Elven tribes in La Oscura Forest. Most of the tribes swear fealty to the Kingdom of Evendarr. De Bracy is founded as a trading post with the Elves.
422 -- The dragon Azufre destroys the town of Mihn, just east of the Granite Mountains. Over the next three years, the dragon destroys many towns and kills hundreds of helpless people. The Knights d'Eit fights the dragon to no avail. This ends the first period of western expansion.
425 -- Baron Hoenig decides to depart from Sutherland. He names Seranden Armond Magistrate of the Protectorate of Sutherland as well as Baron of the Isles d'Hoenig.
426 -- Cartographers and explorers for the Knights d'Eit discover the Verfell Mountains.
430 -- King Berthold Endarr VI promotes Baron Seranden to Count of Sutherland, and allows him to create a new barony named Rossanoe. Count Seranden marries Lauren Somerset, an Earth scholar of great repute, and names her his Countess.
436 -- Christina Bernal is the first woman to be accepted into the Knights d'Eit. She names her brother Christopherson her Squire and embarks on a quest to discover how to defeat the dragon Azufre.
438 -- Christina discovers Verfell Pass, the only easily traveled pass through the Verfell Mountains. On the other side she finds a vast desert, which she names Indomado, later this area is referred to as the "Dragon Lands."
442 -- Christina is killed on her quest. Christopherson takes her place and vows to not only complete his sister's quest, but to also kill the dragon in her stead.
445 -- Christopherson, aided by Hoenig, Seranden, Robert the Horseman, and Rollo d'Verfell, slays the dragon Azufre The Black. King Berthold Endarr VI declares Christopherson "Dragonslayer", despite the fact that some historians claim the dragon was only banished, not slain. Although the Dragon was believed to be destroyed, many of its draconian minions escape death and continue to trouble Sutherland and surrounding areas for centuries.
446 -- King Berthold Endarr VI names Sutherland a Duchy, which is composed of the baronies of Sadhe, Rossanoe and the Isles d'Hoenig. His Majesty names Seranden Armond Duke of the Sutherlands and Duke Seranden Armond appoints Christopherson Bernal Baron of Sadhe.
447 -- While traveling on a state visit to Sutherland, Prince Wilfred, the son-in-law of King Berthold Endarr VI, and all of his children are lost at sea. Rumors abound in the Isles d'Hoenig that one or more of his children were rescued by pirates.
450 -- Duchess Lauren Armond gives birth to Michaelis.
452 -- The Knights d'Eit aid Gypsies fleeing persecution in other parts of Evendarr by resettling them in western Shade. Duke Seranden Armond resigns as head of the Knights d'Eit and names Baron Christopherson head of the order.
460 -- The first Goblin War begins with goblinoids attacking from the unexplored south.
462 -- Led by Christopherson, the Knights d'Eit settle a dispute between local peoples and the newly settled Gypsies. New Gypsy immigrants are settled further to the west.
465 -- The Order d'Eit builds a fortress in Verfell Pass to protect the resettled Gypsies. This sparks a three-way-war between Orc tribes living in the area, the Gypsies aided by the Knights, and a Kingdom of Dwarves discovered to be living under the Verfell Mountains.
467 -- The Knights and Gypsies sign a treaty with the Dwarves. Their combined forces easily defeat the Orc tribes. The Dwarves living under the Verfell Mountains join the Duchy and become citizens of the Kingdom of Evendarr. All of the Knights d'Eit are made members of the Gypsies' tribes. Christopherson is even given a position in the Gypsies Kris. Goblinoids raids from the south intensify. The ageing Duke Seranden names his son Michaelis Armond to the position of Marquis in order to take control of the Sutherland military and fight off these raids. Michaelis, who joined the Knights d'Eit years earlier, is given a contingent of Knights d'Eit by Christopherson to aid the Sutherland military forces.
468 -- After several successful battles brilliantly led by Marquis Michaelis, the Goblin forces are defeated. The area vacated by the retreating goblin armies is named LaRochelle after the Noble family of Marquis Michaelis's fiancé Sarie d'LaRochelle and floods with immigrants.
469 -- Several tragedies mark 469 as a dark year in Sutherland history. First, Baron Christopherson is convinced that Sutherland will be threatened sometime in the distant future, and that he and his companions will play a critical role in ensuring the Duchy's survival. Christopherson's soul is placed in an amulet, and his companions seal themselves away in ancient ruins in the desert beyond the Verfell Mountains. Later that year, Duke Seranden Armond dies. In accordance with Duke Seranden's will, Queen Brenna Buttons I recognizes Marquis Michaelis as the new Duke. Duke Michaelis names Lazarus Tron Baron of Sadhe to replace the departed Baron Christopherson.
471 -- The Duke Michaelis Armond marries Sarie d'LaRochelle and names her Duchess of Sutherland.
475 -- With Baron Christopherson gone and Duke Seranden Armond dead, the Knights d'Eit split into two informal branches, the Knights of the Field and the Knights of the City. Both come into accord when each recognizes Duke Michaelis as head of the Order. Duke Michaelis Armond declares the territory known as La Rochelle a Barony, with the city of Clanthia as its capital. Duchess Sarie d'LaRochelle-Armond gives birth to Kenneth Armond.
488 -- The Sudbyr brothers (relatives of the infamous Sudbyries of Ravenholt), lead a migration to an area south of the Verfell Mountains and west of LaRochelle. Duchess Sarie d'LaRochelle-Armond gives birth to Rebecca Armond.
490 -- A great black drake, Ceniza the Black, organizes Azufre's former minions and begins terrorizing settlers near the Verfell Mountains. Lord Kenneth Armond and his close childhood companion Thompson take on a Knighting quest for the Knights d'Eit to destroy this drake. Thompson was raised by a Gypsy tribe but is actually of Elven linage.
493 -- Lord Kenneth Armond and Thomson slay the drake Ceniza in its lair, in the northern part of Verfell Mountains near the town of Botan. Duke Michaelis Armond Knights Thomson for his heroic deeds. Thomson asks for and is granted the right to use the "Armond" name for his surname as he did not have one.
493 -- Southwestern expansion ends with the discovery of a vast swamp to the southwest.
498 -- Duke Michaelis dies a year after the death of his wife. Kenneth Armond is named Duke by King Roderick Endarr I. Sir Thomson is named head of the order of the Knights d'Eit by Sir Michaelis from the Hero's Graveyard.
504 -- All of the inhabitants of the Island of Kraai, the southernmost island in the Isles d'Hoenig, mysteriously disappear and are never seen again. Rebecca Armond leads an expedition to investigate the disappearance as her Knighting quest for the Knights d'Eit. Sir Thomson accompanies her. Evendarrian people settled Kraai in 390, and Barbarian tribes had resided there for at least centuries prior to the settlers' arrival.
509 -- Rebecca Armond marries Sir Thomson.
514 -- Despite great effort by Rebecca and her expedition, no plausible explanation is ever found for the mysterious disappearances on Kraai Island. Duke Kenneth Armond reluctantly allows new settlers to make their homes on the island. A permanent outpost of the Knights d'Eit is established there to continue the investigation and protect the new community. Duke Kenneth Armond names his sister Rebecca a Lady on his Court.
532 -- Duke Kenneth Armond is assassinated by an unknown cabal. The cabal used strange magic's that allowed them to appear as members of the Duke's own court. Although the murderers are captured just after the assassination, they mysteriously disintegrate during interrogation. Their full conspiracy is never known, nor is the magic's they used ever completely understood.
533 -- Since Kenneth Armond has neither wife nor heir of his own, King Hendrick Endarr II makes Rebecca Armond Duchess of Sutherland. Sir Thomson, her husband, refuses her offer to share the title with her, preferring instead to simply continue as head of the Knights d'Eit.
547 -- Piracy, which has been steadily growing worse since 378, becomes a major problem that greatly disrupts sea trade. With the financial backing of the Duchy, the Isles d'Hoenig embarks on a great ship-building project, developing a strong navy to combat the problem.
550 -- Slavers from the Dar-Khabad are found to be kidnapping people from northern Sadhe and Rossanoe. The Evendarrian Duchy of Niman politically blocks Sutherland's attempts at securing the support of King Hendrick Endarr II in declaring war on the Dar Khabad.
551 -- Duchess Rebecca Armond gives birth to Lennon Armond.
553 -- Duchess Rebecca Armond gives birth to Patrick Armond.
558 -- Unable to outmaneuver Niman politically with King Roderick Endarr II, Duchess Rebecca and the Knights d'Eit begin a secret war against the Dar Khabad by raiding their slavers and slave-holders.
566 -- Naval skirmishes with pirates prove unsuccessful in controlling rampant piracy. Duchess Rebecca sends Sir Thomson to negotiate with the pirates and solve the problem. The pirates agree not to attack any ship flying the colors of the Sutherlands, and in exchange they are given Writs of Privateering against ships of the Dar Khabad. Some scholars believe these writs included Niman as well. Other Evendarrian ships were fair game as well, but there was a strict "let no man die" policy placed upon the pirates. They were allowed to raid Evendarrian ships, but had to ensure the safety of passengers and crew. Pirates that violated this pact were usually handled by other Pirates before the Isles d'Hoenig Navy was forced to respond.
570 -- Duchess Rebecca Armond names the lands first settled by the Sudbyr brothers the Barony of Sudbyr. The Goblin armies to the south launch a new attack, thus starting the Second Goblin War. Lennon Armond leads an expedition to explore southern Sudbyr. Laura Tron is among his compatriots.
573 -- The Second Goblin War ends with an attack from Lennon Armond's expedition who discovers the core of the goblinoids forces in swamps on the southern border of Sudbyr. For this act, Duchess Rebecca names Lennon Marquis of the Sutherland Army. Although Armond's losses were great, he granted a blow to the goblinoids forces they would not recover from for more than ten years. Scholars later believe that Lennon Armond won this battle due to help from nefarious sources.
576 -- It is another dark year in Southerland history. Duchess Rebecca Armond dies an untimely death under nearly identical circumstances as the death of her brother. Her first born son Lennon Armond declares himself Duke, and is later recognized by King Roderick Endarr II despite protest from members of Rebecca's court. Many important Sutherland Nobles believe that Duchess Rebecca planned to name Patrick her heir instead of Lennon.
577 -- Stricken with grief over the death of his wife, Sir Thomson resigns as head of the Knights d'Eit and names his son Patrick head of the order. Sir Thomson then departs Sutherland for parts unknown. Rumors persist that Sir Thomson believed his wife had been murdered and he actually left to embark on a great quest to avenge her death.
584 -- The Goblin armies to the south launch their third assault, starting the Third Goblin War. Sir Patrick Armond petitions his brother Duke Lennon Armond for the position of Marquis to lead the Army of Sutherland against the Goblinoids invasion. Duke Lennon refuses, and leads the Army himself.
585 -- Duke Lennon blames his losses on interference from the Knights d'Eit. Sir Patrick, head of the Order, maintains that the Knights are the only force keeping the Goblinoids armies from overrunning the Duchy. This argument culminates with Duke Lennon ordering the entire Knight's d'Eit away from the fighting.
586 -- The Sutherland Army is completely overrun by the invading goblinoids forces. The invasion happens so quickly that the Duchy is unable to secure additional help from the King in time. Goblins quickly take Tiksylvan, the southernmost city of LaRochelle, and then Clanthia, the capital. By the eleventh month, the goblin armies take all of LaRochelle, Sudbyr, and parts of Rossanoe, advancing all the way to the gates of Sutherland City. Sir Patrick blames his brother Duke Armond personally for this series of devastating defeats. The infamous "Night of 1,000 Knives" is executed during the siege of Sutherland City. Agents believed to be working for Duke Lennon Armond assassinate and obliterate most of the Knights of the Field as well as many of the Knights of the City. On the same night, Patrick, the head of the Order, is also obliterated by the assassins. In an attempt to "restore order", Duke Lennon Armond declares himself head of the Knights, although he had never been a member previously. Duke Lennon blames the deaths on the goblinoids army. By the twelfth month, Sutherland City is almost lost to the goblins. On New Years Eve, Duke Lennon Armond sends a desperate plea, asking for any aid or assistance. He vows that he will grant, "Anything to anyone that can lift the siege." That night, hordes of undead massacre the goblin armies. The Sutherland Necromancers' Guild claims responsibility for raising the siege. They also say they can defeat the goblins if the Duke will legalize necromancy.
587 -- Claimed by most as the darkest day in Sutherland history, on the first day of 587 Duke Lennon Armond decrees Necromancy legal in a desperate attempt to defeat the goblin armies. Almost immediately, a litch named Akeem, living in the swamps in southern Sudbyr, makes his presence known by sending countless hordes of undead that crush the goblin armies. The goblins are utterly defeated by this onslaught. Undead armies patrol the borders of Sutherland to protect against goblin attacks.
588 -- From the Hero's Graveyard, Arrack warns the Nobles of Sutherland and Knights d'Eit through dreams that if they do not make necromancy illegal again, and reaffirm their commitment to forever fight evil, they will all die. Very few heed this warning and seven days later the Great Plague strikes. Virtually all the powerful die and do not resurrect. Duke Armond manages to escape death, but becomes terminally ill. Most of those who escaped death fight to make necromancy illegal again. They rebel against Duke Lennon Armond, but are defeated with help from Akeem. Most of those who fight against necromancy are obliterated for treason.
590 -- Black J, the adopted son of Duke Lennon Armond, returns from his schooling in Ravenholt. The Duke had 21 other illegitimate children, but they were all believed killed in the plague.
593 -- Evendarr is divided into four Principalities. His Majesty names Miles Tegg Prince of the newly formed Principality of Southwatch. Southwatch is composed of the Duchy of Sutherland, Therendry and Tyrangel. Duke Lennon Armond refuses to acknowledge Prince Tegg's authority.
594 -- Duke Lennon Armond petitions King Mykel Endarr II to have Sutherland withdrawn from the Principality of Southwatch. His Majesty delays making a decision until he "better understands the problem."
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Agadir Accommodation
Searching for hotels in Agadir (Morocco) or Agadir accommodation? Agadir is a city in southwest Morocco. It is the capital of Agadir Province and the Sous-Massa-Draa Economic Region. "Agadir," a Phoenician word which means "wall," is located on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean close to the foot of the Atlas Mountains.
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Babri Masjid
Destruction of the Babri Masjid: A National Dishonour
A.G. Noorani
December 2014
9.5 x 6.25 inches
xiv + 506 pages
Rs. 995
Destruction of the Babri Masjid: A National Dishonour is a sequel to The Babri Masjid Question 1528–2003: 'A Matter of National Honour', published in 2003 in two volumes – a compilation by A.G. Noorani of documents and primary source material on various aspects of the Ram Janmabhoomi–Babri Masjid dispute, covering the demolition of the Masjid on 6 December 1992, and the legal proceedings in the civil suits and criminal cases up to mid-2003. The present volume brings the narrative up to date. It covers the three Allahabad High Court judgments, the Liberhan Commission Report, the tortuous course of the criminal cases, and disclosures and developments in the last decade – from 2003 till the end of 2013. An Introduction surveys the events before and after the demolition of the Babri Masjid, and analyses the judgments delivered by the three judges of the Allahabad High Court in 2010.
'In the courts of law and justice, the civil and criminal cases concerning the title to the Babri Masjid and accountability for its destruction, on 6 December 1992, have all but run their course. Neither legality nor justice has been conspicuous in the proceedings or in the many judgments delivered. On past form, there is little hope for redress in legal proceedings after that grave and utterly wasteful crime. . . . The forces of India's secularism can ignore the challenges ahead only at the nation's peril. At stake is the survival of India's democracy and its corollary, secularism.' (From the author's preface)
A.G. Noorani is an Advocate, Supreme Court of India, and a leading constitutional expert and political commentator. He is a regular columnist for Frontline and the author of numerous books, including The Destruction of Hyderabad (2013), The Kashmir Dispute 1947–2012, in two volumes (2013), Islam, South Asia and the Cold War (2012), Article 370: A Constitutional History of Jammu and Kashmir (2011), Jinnah and Tilak: Comrades in the Freedom Struggle (2010), India–China Boundary Problem 1846–1947: History and Diplomacy (2010), Indian Political Trials 1775–1947 (2006), Constitutional Questions and Citizens' Rights (2006), The Muslims of India: A Documentary Record(editor, 2003), and Islam and Jihad: Prejudice versus Reality (2003).


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With over twenty year's experience, the management of Summerleaze pride ourselves on offering a highly professional care service for the elderly, with a personal touch. We are pleased to accept Service Users for long term, short term, convalescence and holiday stays.


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Meet Our Management
General Manager: Dana Richardson Office: 936-856-4151
- Dana has over 20 years of experience operating E-Z Boat Storage and Valet Launch
- A full-time resident of Lake Conroe, Dana has built the relationships with the boating industry needed to offer a FULL SERVICE Boating operation.
Office Manager: Laura Balzekas 936-856-4151
- Laura manages the business office and continues to be our TOP LEASING PERSON year after year. With a keen sense of what Lake Conroe boaters expect when storing and launching boats and watercraft, she brings tremendous knowledge and enthusiasm to the operations of E-Z Boat Storage and Valet Launch.
Current Operations
The Richardsons (Dana, sons Rich, Bart, Gary and Ben) have operated businesses on Lake Conroe since the Lake was developed in 1973. Being avid boaters, they bring a determination to offer their customers the same quality service they expect themselves. The Palms Marina at the end of FM 830 was developed and is operated by the Richardson Family. Gary and Ben saw the opportunity to renovate a demographically located marina basin into a modern and efficient service provider for all types of pleasure boaters on Lake Conroe. The Richardsons also operate the waterfront RV park, Sunset Shores, adjacent to E-Z Boat. And up the road, they operate a showroom for Texas Boat Sales, their new boats and pre-owned brokerage business and service center.
Other Lake Conroe Ventures
Beginning in the early 70's, the family developed properties on the northeast quadrant of the lake. In addition, they built over a hundred homes in many Lake Conroe neighborhoods. The map below shows the influence the Richardson's have had on the area.
1. Corinthian Point – developed the 400+ home subdivision
2. Longwood Estates – about 300 acres purchased, then sold to developer of acreage estates
3. Developed the exclusive acreage estate neighborhood, Lakewood on Lake Conroe
4. Built and operate E-Z Boat Storage and Valet Launch
5. Built and operate Sunset Shores RV Park
6. Developed and built homes in the last section of Harbor Town
7. Purchased Anchorage Marina, built new marina, launches, and dry storage to make The Palms Marina
8. Built and operate Texas Boat Sales & Service


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"Zelda is a Storyteller,
Drum and Rattle Maker,
Creator of Personal Shields,
Keeper of the Ancestor Doll and Creator of the
Sacred Dream Circles."
This week my friends and I went to Circles of Wisdom in Andover, MA because there was a native american artist displaying and selling her creations, Zelda Hotaling. What was just a fun trip to check out rattles, drums, and dream catchers on Saturday afternoon, turned into a personal journey and connection to a wise mother and the importance of friendship.
Zelda was the jovial, beautiful woman with long hair, blue eyes, and a deep connection to her purpose in life. Once we got talking to her, we couldn't stop. She told us cool stories about the events that led up to her retirement and the creation of her 7 foot Sacred Dream Circles, something she usually gets paid to do.
Each of us was drawn to an item in her store and because it was the day before Father's
Day, we decided to buy these items for our respective husbands. We asked about each item and she gave us a story and a suggestion for its use. HOWEVER, she told us they were NOT for our husbands they were ours and we needed to stop giving ourselves away. (ain't that the truth)
Each time we would be ready to leave, something or some comment, would bring us back to Zelda. She showed us how to give a massage with her shell rattles and we had a ceremonial singing circle with drums, rattles, and a very special turkey feather.
The most special gift she gave to each of us was a comment. Apparently, out of the blue, she would make a statement, either out loud or quietly in one's ear, that was exactly what that person needed at that time. It was like she could read our deepest needs and then gave us the gift of healing. Without going into private details…it was amazing for each of us. Many tears fell that day.
When we left, after promising to come visit Zelda's Sacred Dream Circles and have a girls weekend at her place, we all just looked at each other and hugged and laughed in the hall. What a gift this day turned out to be. We lost time in that space with Zelda…3 hours had passed since we walked in.
There are so many wonderful people and beautiful teachings in this world. I was so glad to have been able to share this experience with my friends. I think Zelda was as drawn to us as we were to her.
Had I gone there alone I probably wouldn't have talked to Zelda as much; not because I wouldn't want to, but because I tend to get shy and reserved in new experiences. I wouldn't want to bother her (but that's another issue). I sink into the background and observe….soaking it in. With my friends, I was pulled in and benefited from their adventurous personalities. I definitely learned that I could be a little more outgoing in these situations. I also know to honor myself and, if that is who I am, so be it.
Doing this with friends was so much more fun than alone anyway.
Maybe THAT was the real lesson.


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Laura D. Koch, MD
Orthopedic Surgery, Board Certified Hand Surgery Fellowship Hand Surgery Subspecialty Certification
Orthopedic Surgery, Board Certified Hand Surgery Fellowship Hand Surgery Subspecialty Certification
Laura D. Koch, MD, is a board certified orthopedic surgeon with over 17 years of experience treating elbow, hand and wrist injuries. Her patients range from injured athletes to arthritis patients struggling to perform daily activities. Dr. Koch takes great pride in her individualized care, making sure each patient is given the time and treatment specific to his or her needs. Dr. Koch served as a hand surgeon on active duty in the U.S. Air Force for four years. She enjoys sports and outdoor activities with her husband, a Hennepin county judge, and their two great kids.
Appointment Info Online:Request Appointment
By Phone:
About The Practice
Our goal is to help our patients get back to their regular lifestyle as soon as possible.
Patient Education
We have many great resources to help you before and after your visit.
Find frequently asked questions to help you understand our procedures and treatments.


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The owner of this dog had a problem. It kept going to the station when its owner was in town, then barking at the taxi driver who knew where it lived, to get a lift home at great expense. Photographer John Drysdale trained at Guildford School of Art in the early 1950s. He has worked in photo-reportage, advertising and industrial photography and won numerous awards. His most memorable work has been in the field of humour, working with children and animals.
Image Details
Image Ref.
© Science & Society


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New Toyota 4Runner Lease Decatur AL
The Toyota 4Runner is the full-size and fully-equipped performance Sport Utility Vehicle from Toyota. This model is built for the adventurer in you. It is specifically designed to be able to tackle the tougher conditions that conventional SUV models might not be able to. Incredibly muscular and athletic, the powerful 4Runner can tow your equipment, carry your gear, and give you a comfortable interior in which to ride. The 4Runner has a well-rounded trim spectrum so that SUV shoppers can find the right 4Runner for their needs.
The 4Runner's trims have a variety of models that can cater to off-roading, towing, or just plain driving. No matter which trim you choose, the 4Runner always offers the latest in performance technology, safety features, and connectivity amenities for you to enjoy. The 4Runner has all the room you need for gear, cargo, and passengers. Built to be spacious and comfortable, this SUV has all sorts of comfort features to keep you and your passengers relaxed and ready for your day. With incredible durability and customizability, the 4Runner can be suited to your specific needs.
Lease Toyota 4Runner Vehicles in Decatur AL
Are you a car shopper who isn't sure that they want to make the commitment of buying a new vehicle? Maybe you are planning on moving or traveling quite frequently in the coming years and just want something a bit more flexible than purchasing. Leasing is the option for you. Leasing allows car shoppers to get into a new vehicle for a shorter period of time than how long you would normally own a vehicle. Generally, you'll pay lower monthly payments and won't have to worry about putting such a significant down payment on the table like you would when you buy. You can also update your vehicle at a faster pace to keep up with the constantly evolving automotive market. Contact us at Serra Toyota of Decatur to get more information on lease offers!
Toyota 4Runner Key Features
Towing Capacity
The Toyota 4Runner has an impressive 5,000 lbs. towing capacity.
Engine Options
In the Toyota 4Runner, you'll find a 4.0L V6 engine.
The Star Safety System™ comes standard on all Toyota 4Runner models.
The 4Runner may look rugged, but it is built with soft touch materials and refined features for your comfort.
Standard Features
Standard features on this model include 17-inch alloy wheels, front and rear mudguards, and more!
Fuel Economy
The Toyota 4Runner can achieve 17 city/21 highway mpg*.


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Waterborne Radon Reduction – Grand Rapids, Michigan
Waterborne Radon Reduction in Grand Rapids, Michigan
Are you aware that residents living in Grand Rapids, Michigan have a greater risk of finding out that their homes have waterborne radon contamination? It's true, primarily because radon forms from the break down of uranium, which is found in great abundance beneath the earth's surface in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Unfortunately, you'll never know if your home is contaminated by this radioactive gas unless you have it tested by radon mitigation specialists. Radon is undetectable by the average person since it is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. You can't see it, smell it, or taste it.
If your home's test results come back positive for high levels that are considered unsafe by the Environmental Protection Agency, the next step is to bring in radon mitigation specialists to reduce and prevent future contamination. Since the contamination is limited to your home's water supply, it is essential that you discuss this with the radon mitigation specialist to ensure that you hire a company that has the equipment and skills to deal with the problem. As a resident of Grand Rapids, Michigan, you should be able to locate a qualified radon mitigation company serving your area with relative ease. The fact that this area of the country has a higher risk of waterborne radon contamination than other areas has led to a heightened awareness of the problem along with the emergence of professionals who are fully trained to deal with this problem.
The Possibility of Waterborne Radon Contamination in Grand Rapids, Michigan
The possibility of waterborne radon contamination occurring in your Grand Rapids, Michigan home can be scary, especially when you think about how often you use the water supply coming into your home. Each day you bathe, brush your teeth, cook, drink, clean, and wash with this water. If it is contaminated with this radioactive gas, then you need to hire a qualified radon mitigation company as soon as possible to reduce the level of contamination. Likewise, you'll need a qualified company to come in and set up radon mitigation strategies to prevent a build up of radon in your water from recurring.
In order to find a qualified radon mitigation company in Grand Rapids, Michigan to hire, you should be prepared to ask a few questions. First, make sure that the employees of the company have been properly trained for waterborne radon reduction since the strategies used are entirely different than those involved with air-borne radon contamination. Next, make sure that the company itself has the proper credentials to conduct radon mitigation procedures in the Grand Rapids, Michigan area. Finally, ask whether or not the company has the proper equipment at their place of business. Our radon mitigation company has all of these aspects, and we are fully prepared to assist you with your waterborne radon reduction needs today.
- Grand Rapids, MI, 49506 USA
email@example.com • 616-956-5002


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Google Hangouts for iOS gets updated with free in-app voice calling support for U.S and Canada numbers. The app also now supports incoming/outgoing calls to/from a Google Voice number.
Google Hangouts for iOS app had similar functionality to the desktop version of the app but lacked in a few features like the above mentioned ones. The app didn't provided in-app voice calling option or Google Voice integration.
The new version 1.3.0 enables the iPad and iPhone Hangout users to make unlimited free calls to any U.S or Canada phone number from within the app. The app also features extensive Google Voice support and you can make or receive calls from your Google Voice number.
For calling outside of North America, normal call charges apply like normal.
The extensive Google Voice integration with the app allows you to directly use your Voice credit and make calls across the globe using your Voice number as well.
The official update log states as follows.
What's New in Version 1.3.0
– See which of your friends is using Hangouts, and who can be reached right now
– Call phone numbers from your iPhone, iPad, or iPod Touch (free to the US and Canada)
– Make and receive calls using your Google Voice number
– Send and receive animated GIFs that play inline
– Hangouts will temporarily turn down your music (instead of stopping it) when you receive an incoming message
The update is made available for free on the iOS app store for download. Also, the app and the service are introduced as free of charge by Google for all platforms.


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The World Classic Blog
* Roberto Benitez U.S.A. National Champion salute to Dundee's Boxing & Fitness
A Dominican native, Roberto Benitez was born on July 30, 1980 and raised on the Lower East Side. He started studying boxing at age 10. In his early career he was a four-time United States Amateur champion, winning at Flyweight (1999, 2000, 2001) and Bantamweight (2004). Benitez also won two National Golden Gloves titles at Flyweight. He was a member of the U.S. Olympic Education Center Boxing Scholarship Program and attended Northern Michigan University, earning a degree in Business. Benitez became a member of the 2004 Olympic boxing team, and made his professional debut in 2005 claiming a victory on ESPN's "Friday Night Fights."
Please visit Roberto's amazing videos:
* The Punch Professor U.S.A: Paul D'Antuono
Paul worked in a Gym years ago with another Dundee:
Angelo Dundee! years ago on Miami South Beach, Chris and Angelo had a fighter named Muhammad Ali ! ! !
Paul has spent more than 40 years in Boxing gyms around the U.S.A. and have studied the art of punching. The speed bag is just one of the tools that he uses to improve the punching technique of all that study with him. Paul hopes that you will notice the value of the speed bag when practicing the art of Pugilism and in order to hit the bag efficiently a practitioner must be completely accurate. The speed bag will absolutely sharpen your infighting game as well as your eyes and hands helping you obtain accuracy, speed and power. Bottom line the speed bag is an excellent tool for anyone wanting to improve their Boxing !
Professor Paul occasionally giving punching lessons to world Champions:
- Elio Rojas, W.B.C Feather Weight Champion of the World
- Roberto Benitez, U.S.A Olympian and Undefeated Pro
- Guilermo Jones, W.B.A Crusierweight Champion of World
Please visit The Professor Paul D's amazing training video:
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Its listed on ESPN in CBS sportline.comOriginally Posted by Johnny Vander m
Its listed on ESPN in CBS sportline.comOriginally Posted by Johnny Vander m
The Hunt for a Reds October.
So...why call EE up if is only going to start four times a week? Really makes no sense to me.
After EE made that baserunning mistake yesterday, I turned to my dad and told him EE would be on the bench tomorrow. I nailed it.
Cubs website says WGN and ESPN
Wow...the Reds are on 3 channels tonight
It must be mistake..just checked espn and they are showing theOriginally Posted by Fullboat
Brewers game
The Hunt for a Reds October.
Because Reds market gets the game on FSNOriginally Posted by Fullboat
Thats a heck of a market I'm in Mass.Originally Posted by Matt700wlw
The Hunt for a Reds October.
I see NOOOOMAAAAH is back..
"I hate to advocate chemicals, alcohol, violence or insanity to anyone... But they've always worked for me."
-Hunter S. Thompson
I see some fans dressed up for 70s night at Wrigley Field....
I am getting the game on WGN. Did we promote Serrano or did we lose him?
Felipe swings at a high 3-1 pitch and flies out. Now 0 for last 20.
An observation: Isn't it a strange feeling flipping channels between commericials and seeing the NFL for the first time in a year.
The Reds Killer, D. Lee.....
You think you got what it takes to play a real fantasy game? Join me at Jockstocks. You can play Baseball, Basketball, Football, Golf, Nascar and even Hockey!
Jockstocks Homepage
Do you have your shirt on? - Adam Dunn to Marty on the Bananna Phone.
Curious about that too...anybody?Originally Posted by Gallen5862
"Sometimes, it's not the sexiest moves that put you over the top," Krivsky said. "It's a series of transactions that help you get there."
my neighbor's teenage daughter came over for a minute, saw Adam Dunn, and said he looks like Will Ferrell on steroids..
Wasn't Claussen's ERA under 4 for a while, what happened? Dead arm?
"I'm a Cucumber, I'm a cucumber. I'm a cucumber, I'm a cucumber. I'm a cucumber, I'm a cucumber. Please don't send me to the pickle farm, bum." - Brak
Record In Games Attended, 2007: 2-1 (1-0 GAB, 1-1 Jake)
Board Moderators may, at their discretion and judgment, delete and/or edit any messages that violate any of the following guidelines: 1. Explicit references to alleged illegal or unlawful acts. 2. Graphic sexual descriptions. 3. Racial or ethnic slurs. 4. Use of edgy language (including masked profanity). 5. Direct personal attacks, flames, fights, trolling, baiting, name-calling, general nuisance, excessive player criticism or anything along those lines. 6. Posting spam. 7. Each person may have only one user account. It is fine to be critical here - that's what this board is for. But let's not beat a subject or a player to death, please.


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When I started this blog in December, one of my initial posts was "The Face of Hate," which showed a couple of pictures from the first murder trial I ever photographed, the sensational double homicide trial of William Robert Tyack, a Bakersfield, California, tire shop owner who shot and killed his two gay neighbors in a Kern County mountain community. The blog had no followers at the time and was receiving virtually no readership – thank you everybody for changing that! – so the post has been largely unseen.
I recently took another journey through the massive collection of images from the 1980s that I have loosely assembled in a giant file cabinet down at The Bakersfield Californian, and found another set of images from the Tyack trial and I'm sharing them here. All but one of them are previously unpublished, and I hope you will find them as fascinating as I do for their historical value.
On April 20, 1982, I was assigned with reporter Michael Trihey to go to Glennville, California, a predominantly second home and vacation home mountain community about 30 miles northeast of Bakersfield. I was a 23-year-old rookie, just seven months into my photojournalism career. I knew that the Tyack trial was a big one, but I didn't know that I was going to photograph something that virtually no photojournalist working nowadays will ever get to photograph; something rare even for the 1980s and something that I can't ever imagine even being photographed again, especially with the unrestricted access I had that day. You'll see what I'm talking about when you look at the pictures.
But I need to start by giving you a little background on the murders of Jack Blankenship and Sidney Moses Wooster and the trial of his killer, William Robert Tyack. It all comes from the extensive media coverage and trial testimony. Tyack was the owner of a Bakersfield tire shop who became angered that two homosexual men, Blankenship, 38, of Big Bear City and Wooster, 26, of Los Angeles, had become his neighbors in Glennville. According to testimony presented by the prosecution, he had openly expressed his anger and stated that if given a chance to kill the men, he would. In August, 1981, Tyack encountered Blankenship and Wooster on one of the isolated roads outside Glennville, and they engaged in a confrontation. The incident ended with Tyack shooting Blankenship once in the chest, and Wooster four times, including twice in the back. Both men died at the scene.
(In 2011, a man name Tom who identified himself as Wooster's older brother engaged in a lengthy online discussion on the "Adventist Today" web site titled "God Loves Gays and So Should We." Here's what Tom wrote about Sidney Wooster's murder during a particularly heated exchange: " My younger brother, Sidney was murdered in Bakersfield, CA in August of 1981 along with his boss Jack Blankenship on a dirt road, at about 21:30 hrs., and yes I've got the 8 X 10 color glossy's of the scene – and I can see the path where my brother crawled while the 4 bullets bleed his life out of him. Ok, the murderer, William Robert Tyack shot and killed his boss Jack – as they were going out to talk to a man about listing his property with the realestate firm. Mr. Tyack said: "I aimed to kill those 2 gay guys." —- How dare you tell me I don't know anything!!!! Mr. Tyack spent a few days in a half-way house, So would you like a little of my rage directed at YOU????" Here's the link to the entire Adventist exchange.)
In one of the most closely-followed trials of its time and one that still resonates and is referenced today as violent crimes against LBGTQ (Lesbian, Bisexual, Gay, Transgender and Queer) people remain a major social issue, Tyack, 42, was acquitted in the killing of Blankenship and convicted of the lesser charge of involuntary manslaughter against Wooster. The case would reinforce a national impression of Bakersfield and Kern County being a place where violence against gays is tolerated, but many courtroom observers pointed out that the verdict was likely more a result of defense attorney Timothy Lemucchi "out-lawyering" prosecutor Joe Beckett, whose slow and plodding courtroom style may have caused him to lose the attention of the jury.
Today, violence against the LBGTQ community is still an important social issue in America, and the Tyack case and trial almost always surfaces as a reminder of what many believe is a tolerance in society of such crime. According to this BuzzFeed article detailing a report by the National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs, while overall violent crime against LBGTQ people decreased in the past year, homicides rose. And a pair of newer, clearly defined targets have seen in increase in violence: gays and lesbians of color and transgender people.
On that day in April, 1982, I had no idea at the time that I would photograph one of the most remarkable scenes of my career. The trial of William Robert Tyack was being moved to the location of the murders of Jack Blankenship and Sidney Wooster. Bakersfield Californian reporter Michael Trihey and I joined the caravan of court officials, police, defendant Tyack, the jurors and, remarkably, just a few other media members, to the scene outside Glennville. My access was unhindered and unrestricted. I was free to shoot everything, including the jurors (something completely unheard of today), and it wasn't until I found and looked at these images a few days ago that I realized what a remarkable piece of history had been filed away in that metal cabinet for the past 33 years. Other than the first picture, which will follow this paragraph, all of the pictures from the day the William Robert Tyack trial moved to the murder scene, have never before been seen.
Prosecutor Joe Beckett spent more than 40 years with the Kern County District Attorney's office. He died at age 77 in 2010. Defense attorney Timothy Lemucchi is regarded as one of Kern County's best criminal defense attorneys, and is still practicing law. As a point of disclosure, I should say that I did not know Lemucchi when I covered this trial, or at any point in my photojournalism career, but we have become friendly in recent years and I have provided paid commercial photography services to both he and his wife. William Robert Tyack is still alive, and according to Whitney Weddell, the best known LBGTQ rights advocate and activist in the ultra-conservative Kern County, is still selling tires. She points out that the murders of Jack Blankenship and Sidney Moses Wooster and the Tyack trial are what brought her out of the closet and are the reason why she became a gay rights activist. In 1999, Tyack was arrested and faced revocation of his parole after a Fish and Game warden found him in possession of a gun. A subsequent search of his house disclosed several guns in safes and other locations on his property, according to the San Francisco Chronicle. He was charged with five counts of being an ex-felon in possession of firearms. He faced a possible life prison term under California's "three strikes law." According to Kern County court records, he pled guilty to one count and the other four counts were dismissed in the "furtherance of justice." He was sentenced to one year in jail and served 14 days. He was fined $200 and was placed on three years probation.
Note: Some identifications of the individuals at the Glennville scene were provided by former deputies, reporters and court officials. If any are in error and need clarification, please contact me via comment and I will correct them.


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BHS offers a number of computer labs designed for specific fields of study, such as business, math, photography, or music. Similarly, the BHS Writing Center—staffed by an English teacher—is dedicated specifically to writing. Instructors from all disciplines reserve seats for their classes for a variety of writing assignments and space is available for the student who seeks a quiet place to work. The Writing Center remains open throughout the day, including the lunch hour. The BHS English Department adheres to the style guidelines put forth by the Modern Language Association (MLA) in the 8th edition of its handbook. The staff of the Writing Center, in turn, publishes a stylebook (and an addendum to that handbook) based on MLA, the BHS Writer's Handbook. Within its pages students and teachers will find help with revising and editing marks; style, grammar and punctuation; note taking; essays, annotated bibliographies, business letters, and resumes; research writing and documentation; and usage, spelling, and terminology. Classroom sets of both texts are available in every English classroom, and approximately 200 copies of the addendum are available for anyone wanting one. Students who prefer the online version will find PDFs of the handbook
• on each computer in the BHS Writing Center, room 253;
• at the BHS Berg Library Web site <https://bhs.bsd7.org/library
• from the Bozeman School District's home page <http://www.bsd7.org/>,
via "Writing Center" link under the "Students & Parents" tab, and
• the link to the handbook in the sidebar at the left.
We no longer provide replacement copies of the handbook because it is available online. Take care of your handbook; the free copy provided this fall (and to subsequent freshman classes) will be the only print edition provided until the next revision, which is a few years away. You are, however, welcome to download and print what you need at home.
Creative Commons Copyright
The BHS Writer's Handbook and the content of these pages—unless otherwise noted—are the creative property of the Bozeman High School Writing Center and Bozeman School District 7 in Bozeman, Montana. The Creative Commons copyright, provided below and throughout the handbook, means that the content provided is free to use, adapt, and/or share—without expectation of payment—provided that acknowledgment is given to the Bozeman High School Writing Center for having produced the original work.
Writing Center Hours: 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., Monday-Friday
Writing Center Staff:
Jean Munch Phone: (406) 522-6220 email@example.com
Pam Brown Phone: (406) 522-6233 firstname.lastname@example.com


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How To Make Money Online
Chances are that you've seen quite a few articles telling you how to make money online. While some of these pieces might offer legitimate solutions, many of them are scams, which lead people to become disillusioned with the prospect on earning money online from the comfort of their own home.
The truth is that you can indeed earn money online and you can do it in reputable ways. If you're looking for a new job opportunity that will enable you to make real cash without having to deal with a rude boss or a lengthy commute, then keep reading. Here are the real ways that you can make money online.
Transcriber Positions
Transcribing is a fairly simple job that just about anyone can do. It's especially perfect for those who have disabilities that make it difficult to leave their homes. Transcribers type out the words being said in online videos. These text files are used by closed captioning services to increase accessibility to online media for the hearing impaired. All you need for this line of work are a pair of transcription headsets.
Online Writing
There are thousands of opportunities out there for people with decent writing skills. You don't have to be Shakespeare to make a living as a writer. All you need are basic grammar skills and the ability to type quickly. You can choose from a myriad of writing topics, depending on what interests you. Plenty of companies are looking for content to host on their official websites and blogs.
Customer Service
For big online retailers, it's becoming less and less feasible to host their customer service departments in physical call centers. This is why many people are now hiring people to do this work from home. Once you're hired, you'll be given access to an online terminal from which you can receive calls. The companies train you on how to deal with customer complaints and questions. This can be a great opportunity for social people who enjoy talking on the phone.
You don't have to be a slave to your morning commute. Any of these jobs would be perfect for someone who is looking to make a decent and honest wage from the comfort of their own home.


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A towering lead among women propels Democrat Phil Murphy to a 57 percent to 37 percent lead over Republican Lt. Gov. Kim Guadagno among likely voters in the race for New Jersey governor, according to a Quinnipiac University poll released yesterday.
Women back the Democrat 65 percent to 29 percent, while men are divided with 49 percent for Murphy and 45 percent for Guadagno.
Murphy leads 92 percent to 4 percent among Democrats and 52 percent to 39 percent among independent voters. Republicans go to Guadagno 89 percent to 8 percent.
With 13 days until the election, 83 percent of likely voters who name a candidate say their mind is made up.


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Snap Fitness Tauranga
$390 for a 1 Year Membership incl. Initial Consult, 24/7 Access Card and Fitness Classes from Snap Fitness Tauranga (value $864)
- Highlights
- Fine Print
- Company
The Offer
- It's a snap to sort out your fitness with a 1 year gym membership for just $390!
- That works out to only $7.50 a week.
- Includes a 30min initial consult with a personal trainer and an exercise plan.
- Enjoy 24/7 access to the gym - avoid the crowds and work out whenever suits you.
- Also includes great group fitness classes like Smash & Jab (boxing fitness), Snap Sesh (High Intensity Interval Training) and more!
- Check them out on Facebook.
What We Like
Throughout history, diets have come and gone, with various levels of effectiveness. And there have been some doozies - arsenic? Tapeworms? Rubber knickers? No thanks.
When it comes to looking after your body, you've got to be in for the long haul. So today's treat from Snap Fitness is just what the doctor ordered!
Snap up a 1 year gym membership at Snap Fitness Tauranga for $390 - that works out to $7.50 per week. (So, roughly two coffees? Brilliant.)
With this treat you'll get a a 30 minute initial consultation with a personal trainer and an exercise plan. You'll also receive your 24/7 access card, so you can work out whenever's best for you - perfect for fitting fitness into your busy schedule! Work out using state of the art 'Cybex' equipment with the help of fully-qualified trainers. There's plenty of parking for Snap members out the back of Snap Fitness Tauranga.
What's more, you can keep things interesting with their great group fitness classes: Smash & Jab (boxing fitness), Snap Sesh (High Intensity Interval Training), Semtex (explosive strength & conditioning) or Guns & Buns (tone and tighten).
When it comes to getting a healthy fit body, there's no quick fix (as much as we wish there were). But clicking Buy Now on this terrific treat to get you started? It's a snap.
The Fine Print
Offer expires on 15 June, 2016 (you must commence your membership by this date - membership lasts 1 year from date of redemption)
New members only - not valid for existing members
All services must be used by 1 customer
Offer valid exclusively for Snap Fitness in Tauranga
24/7 access card not valid for under 16s
Must be 16 years old to use club without supervision
No exchanges
No refunds or cash back (except where required by law)
Not for use with other offers
Redemption instructions can be found on your voucher
The Company
39 Waihi Road, Tauranga


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IR-UWB for multiple-access with differential-detection receiver
Date of Award
Publication Type
Master Thesis
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License.
Impulse-Radio Ultra-Wideband (IR-UWB) emerged as a new wireless technology because of its unique characteristics. Such characteristics are the ability to support rich-multimedia applications over short-ranges, the ability to share the available spectrum among multi-users, and the ability to design less complex transceivers for wireless communication systems functioning based on this technology. In this thesis a novel noncoherent IR-UWB receiver designed to support multiple-access is proposed. The transmitter of the proposed system employs the noncoherent bit-level differential phase-shift keying modulation combined with direct-sequence code division multiple-access. The system is investigated under the effect of the additive white Gaussian noise with multiple-access channel. The receiver implements bit-level differential-detection to recover information bits. Closed-form expression for the average probability of error in the proposed receiver while considering the channel effects is analytically derived. This receiver is compared against another existing coherent receiver in terms of bit error rate performance to confirm its practicality. The proposed receiver is characterized by its simple design requirements and its multiple-access efficiency.
Recommended Citation
Mahmoud, Walid M., "IR-UWB for multiple-access with differential-detection receiver" (2007). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 4667.


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I don't think that you have any obligation to give to charity. I don't think that people in Mali have any right to expect your generosity. I don't believe in Socialism, I don't believe in hand-outs, I don't believe that just throwing money at the endemic disease and poverty in this country is going to make anything better. The vast majority of the time, I think that the best thing for Americans to do is to let the people of Africa solve their own problems themselves.
But every once in a while, someone like Etienne Dembele rides his motorcycle up to my gate. He wanted to know if I could help him find a certain "Madu Sogoba" – Dembele had heard that he builds toilets.
"Vous êtes arrivés à la vraie maison", dit Monsieur Sogoba.
M. Etienne Dembele explained the situation. He hails from the village of Tounto – a 12 km ride from my own Sanadougou. Tounto is a settlement of some 4,000 people who are mostly simple millet farmers. They have a market, a small clinic, a primary school. Until recently they didn't even have a secondary school – if the children of Tounto wanted to continue their studies to the 7th, 8th or 9th grade they had to wake before dawn at the call to prayer and walk the 12 km to le Diaramana Secondaire Cycle and back every schoolday. Dembele organized the parents of Tounto to petition le Bureau de la Mairie de la Commune, le Sous-Prefet de la Cercle, even their representatives in the national parliament and every NGO they could find to try to build them a secondary school. They all said no. So Dembele spent 4 years collecting funds from the people of Tounto itself and in the last year commissioned some local masons to build the school themselves.
If you're not really familiar with the customary patterns of development in countries like Mali, the story of Etienne Dembele and le Tounto Secondaire Cycle is about as remarkable as they come.
However, there was one little problem; Monsieur Dembele was able to raise all the funds for a schoolhouse – but he came up short to build anything else. There is no well or pump in the schoolyard, so before class each day kids have to fetch drinking water from the clinic 1,000 meters away. This is a hassle, but it's doable.
But more importantly, Dembele wasn't able to raise enough funds to build latrines. So when the 7th, 8th and 9th-graders have to "go to the bathroom", they have no choice but to just squat in the field next to the schoolhouse. The schoolhouse was built in a pretty open plain by the main road going through town, there aren't even trees or bushes to hid behind, so these kids are more or less urinating and defecating in plain sight of each other and anyone else who happens to pass by on their motorcycle.
Since there's no nearby water source, there aren't even the customary plastic teapots that Malians typically use to wash their hands after they cleaned their butts. Maybe the kids can find some grass or leaves and wipe their hands off. But no matter how hard you wipe your hands with a couple of twigs they really can't get all the poop or pee or diarrhea completely off their fingers, there will always be some residual germs. And then when they come back to the classroom they're going to share their scarce textbooks and pencils with all the other students. And of course they're going to share whatever germs they might have.
Etienne Dembele estimates that 75 percent of all of the students at this school come down with diarrhea over the course of the year, at least 65 percent come down with full-blown dysentery because they have to learn with classmates who cannot go to the bathroom in a sanitary fashion.
The Director of the Secondaire Cycle, Monsieur Fousseyni Sogoba is a generally cheerful young professional in his early 30s. But when he speaks of the lack of sanitary facilities at his school his face contorts into a raging scowl, "My students are children as young as 12, but in the highest grade they are as old as 16, 17 years. The female students are of marrying age, and in our Muslim society it is dishonorable for a woman to be seen undressed by a man who is not her husband. For them to urinate and defecate in the open is the greatest shame. The girls who have diarrhea are condemned."
The epidemiological hazards of open defecation effect all students equally, but the shame factor hits schoolgirls the most. When girls feel disgraced by shitting in the field for the whole town to see, they simply stop going to go to school – this is especially true when puberty hits and they start menstruating. Though women slightly outnumber men in this society, girls make up less than 40 percent of the student body at Tounto Secondaire Cycle. They make up less than a third of all Secondaire Cycle graduates.
I agree with the Peace Corps philosophy of development which emphasizes those projects which consist of pure education, which require no financial expenditures. But in certain extreme situations, no progress can come about without some significant capital investment – this is one of them.
I told Monsieur Dembele that if he was really serious about building latrines, he had to find out the prices for all the materials we would need and to write up a budget. Two weeks later, he showed up at my gate once again - with a comprehensive budget, typewritten in French. Even after checking all the prices out myself there wasn't all that much to edit. I had never before witnessed this kind of gumption and initiative and professionalism in this country, and to tell you the truth I was downright dumbfounded.
So for the first time in more than a year in Mali, I have agreed to help a local activist fund his project.
Dembele and I have submitted a proposal to Peace Corps Washington to build two first-class latrines - one for boys and one for girls – and three hand-washing stations at the Secondaire Cycle. First the people of Tounto are going to pay a team of well-diggers to excavate the latrine pits. Then after the harvest the dugutigi is going to charge the men of the village out to the fields to gather 100 donkey cartloads of sand, 60 carts of gravel and 12 carts of porous sedimentary rocks. Once these are in place, we are going to Koutiala to buy all of the cement, rebar, plastic tubes, roofing, doors, etc. Tounto is going to pay a team of masons to build the latrines, and I am going to build the hand-washing stations.
Altogether, Tountokaw are paying for 29 percent of the overall cost in labor, transport and raw materials – the labor isn't just being donated, they're collecting 170,000 francs (~ $400) to pay the well-diggers and masons, and another 20,000 francs (~$48) to pay for the truck to carry it all from Koutiala to Tounto. The community's contribution in cash is roughly equal to Mali's per capita GDP.
And once construction is complete the village of Tounto is going to be responsible for cleaning and maintaining these latrines and hand-washing stations. Most likely the schoolchildren will be doing most of the cleaning themselves. UNICEF provides the school district with some soap, but it is nowhere near enough for these kids' hygienic needs and so parents will be responsible for paying for additional soap as part of the annual school fees. And of course, the teachers will be responsible for teaching and enforcing proper hygiene practices indefinitely.
Despite the drought and the fact that this is going to be a really bad year for all of Mali's cash crops, the village of Tounto is ready to invest a significant amount of their scarce resources into improving the sanitation at their children's school. I cannot emphasize enough that in a community as poor as Tounto, this effort is absolutely extraordinary. But they could use some help to pay for the cement, rebar, tin and plastic without which nothing that they contribute can be of any use.
And so, if you would like to donate to a cause which will prevent diarrhea and dysentery and help girls to have an equal opportunity in education, click here.
Update: Apparently so many people donated to fund this project that all of you donors cleaned up shop within 100 hours of it being posted on the Peace Corps website, before I could even bike into the city to post this on my blog. To all of those who contributed, from here in Mali I grant you a big "In'i che kosibe kosibe!!!!!" Thank you very very much!!!!!!
And to those who wanted to donate but didn't make it quickly enough, do not fear - all signs point that after the latrines are built in Tounto, there are plenty of other schools within biking distance of Sanadougou lacking in proper sanitary facilities. Stay tuned!!!!!
Buffalo Cops Crushed To Learn They Can't Go Around Beating Up Old Men - During a protest against police brutality in Buffalo, New York, two police officers shoved a 75-year-old man onto the sidewalk. Martin Gugino, a peace ac...


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Jesus raised His friend Lazarus from the dead. Lazarus had been dead for four days.
Mary and Martha were Lazarus' sisters.
Jesus had just come back from beyond the Jordan. After healing Lazarus He goes to Ephraim, which is this side of the Jordan River from Jerusalem, until Passover week.
Jesus again split people into two camps, those for Him and those against Him. Some of the religious leaders of Israel who were against Jesus used this event to plot for Jesus' death. Jesus knew what He and His father had planned was about to happen: the Death of Jesus on a Cross and then three days later the Resurrection.
Jesus, The Prophet, The Priest and The King, has just done His last great sign as the Messiah, having just raised Lazarus from the dead. Jesus also said "I Am" the Resurrection and the Life, again saying He is God.
Background Reading:
The Death of Lazarus
11:1 Now a certain man was ill, Lazarus from Bethany, the village of Mary and her sister Martha. 2 Mary was the woman who anointed the Lord with perfume and wiped his feet with her hair. Her brother Lazarus was the one who was ill. 3 So the sisters sent word to Jesus and told him, "Lord, the one whom you love is ill."
4 But when Jesus heard it, he said, "This illness isn't meant to end in death. It's for God's glory, so that the Son of God may be glorified through it." 5 Now Jesus loved Martha and her sister and Lazarus. 6 Yet, when he heard that Lazarus was ill, he stayed where he was for two more days.
7 After this, he told the disciples, "Let's go back to Judea."
8 The disciples told him, "Rabbi, the Jewish leaders were just now trying to stone you to death, and you are going back there again?"
9 Jesus replied, "There are twelve hours in the day, aren't there? If anyone walks during the day he does not stumble, because he sees the light of this world. 10 But if anyone walks at night he stumbles, because the light is not in him." 11 These were the things he said.
Then after this, he told them, "Our friend Lazarus has fallen asleep, but I'm leaving to wake him up."
12 So the disciples told him, "Lord, if he has fallen asleep, he will get well." 13 Jesus, however, had been speaking about his death, but they thought that he was speaking about resting or sleeping.
15 For your sake I'm glad that I wasn't there, so that you may believe. But let's go to him."
16 Then Thomas, who was called the Twin, told his fellow disciples, "Let's go, too, so that we may die with him!"
John 11:1-17
Continued in John 11:17-45.
Other modules in this unit:
- Jesus starts His Ministry
- John the Baptist Prepares the Way for Jesus, Luke 3:1-20
- Sandal, John the Baptist, Luke 3:15-18
- Satan, The Temptation of Jesus, Luke 4:1-13
- The Calling of the First Disciples, John 1:35-51
- Water Jar, Jesus Changes Water Into Wine John 2:1-11
- Jesus teaches Nicodemus, John 3:1-21
- Jesus Talks with a Samaritan Woman at the Well, John 4:1-42
- Jesus calls for disciples a second time, Luke 5:1-11
- Man on a sleeping mat, Luke 5:17-26
- The Healing of two Blind Men in a house, Matthew 9:27-31
- Jesus chooses His Twelve Apostles, Luke 6:12-16
- The Sermon in a level place, Luke 6:17-49
- Roman Centurion a leader of soldiers, Luke 7:1-10
- Jesus anointed by a sinful Woman, Luke 7:36-50
- Farmer sows seeds, Luke 8:4-15
- A Lamp on a stand, Luke 8:16-18
- Jesus calms the Storm, Luke 8:22-25
- Jesus sends out the Twelve, Luke 9:1-6
- John the Baptist beheaded by Herod the Tetrarch, Matthew 14:1-12
- Jesus feeds five thousand, Luke 9:10-17
- Jesus Walks On Water, Mark 6:45-56
- Jesus feeds 4000 men besides women and children, Matthew 15:29-39
- Jesus in a boat, Matthew 15:39 or Mark 8:10
- Blind Man at Bethsaida, Mark 8:22-26
- Keys to the Kingdom, Peter's confession of Christ, Matthew 16:13-20
- The Transfiguration, Luke 9:28-36
- Jesus sends out seventy or seventy two disciples, Luke 10:1-24
- Light, Jesus is the Light of the world, John 8:12
- Jesus heals a man born blind, John 9:1-41
- Jesus looks out for the lost sheep, John 10:1-21
- Jesus uses Jonah as a sign, Luke 11:29-32
- God is the Light, Luke 11:33-36
- Keys, Luke 11:37-52
- The Parable of the Rich Fool, Luke 12:13-21
- Be ready to serve Jesus day and night, Luke 12:35-40
- The Parable of the Lost Sheep, Luke 15:1-7
- Lazarus raised from the dead, John 11:1-45
- The Plot to Kill Jesus, John 11:45-57
- The Parable of the Unmerciful Servant, Matthew 18:21-35
- A Blind Beggar receives his sight, Luke 18:35-43
- Zacchaeus the tax collector, Luke 19:1-10
- Questions 1-14
- Ministry of Jesus Timeline
- Next Module – Easter, Triumphal Entry to Pentecost » »


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Posts Tagged C-54/16
Vinyls Italia. A boon for conflict of laws (with a fraus component) and important findings on the insolvency Pauliana.
Posted by Geert van Calster in Conflict of Laws /Private international law on 21/07/2017
Another one from the exam queue. I reported earlier on Szpunar AG's Opinion in C-54/16 Vinyls Italia – readers may want to refer tot that post before reading on. The case concerns the extent to which a bona fide creditor may insulate payments made to it by the insolvent debtor, to the detriment of the collectivity of the creditors, using choice of law for its contract with the debtor away from the lex concursus. The Court held on 8 June, much along the lines of its AG and earlier precedent especially Nike with respect to anti-avoidance actions. The judgment therefore is not of great novelty for this part of the insolvency Regulation. It is on the other hand of crucial importance for the interpretation of 'international' in European private international law.
Firstly, whether the court hearing the insolvency proceedings can or must raise the Article 13 (now 16) even if the party profiting from the insulation of its payments from the insolvency, has failed expressly to do so in its submissions. This, the CJEU held, is a matter of procedure, not harmonised in the Insolvency Regulation and lex fori therefore, subject to the usual condition that effet utile is guaranteed and that EU law is equally applied as national law.
The Court had already held in Nike that the defendant in an anti-avoidance (Pauliana) action has to prove both the facts from which the conclusion can be drawn that the act is unchallengeable and the absence of any evidence that would militate against that conclusion (at 25). The Court in Vinyls Italia qualifies that statement: the party bearing the burden of proof must show that, where the lex causae makes it possible to challenge an act regarded as being detrimental, the conditions to be met in order for that challenge to be upheld, which differ from those of the lex fori concursus, have not actually been fulfilled. However defendant does not have to show that the lex causae does not provide, in general or in the abstract, any means to challenge the act in question: such means of challenging the act almost always exist, at least in the abstract, and such strict interpretation would therefore deprive Article 13 (now 16) of its effectiveness (at 38). Of course how wide exactly the net of voidness needs to be cast, is not entirely clear from the judgment.
The final question then deals with the possibility of relying on (now) Article 16 in the situation provided for in Article 3(3) of the Rome I Regulation, that is to say, where all the elements relevant to the situation in question between the parties to a contract are located in a country other than the country whose law is chosen by those parties. Now, the Rome I Regulation does not ratione temporis apply to the facts at issue and on the similar provisions of the Rome Convention, the referring court is not entitled to ask questions. The CJEU therefore decides to simply reply to the question of this being a purely domestic contract, by reference to Article 16 of the insolvency Regulation only. It nevertheless however uses both Regulation and Convention a contrario. Both existed at the time of adoption of the Insolvency Regulation. The latter does not include an Article 3(3) type provision. That it does not, must, the Court held, mean that the Insolvency Regulation saw no need at all to limit the use of lex contractus for insulation reasons, even in the case of purely domestic contracts.
There is however one condition: Fraus (omnia corrumpit) aka abuse of (EU) law. Here, the Court refers to its findings last summer in C‑423/15 Kratzer. EU law cannot be relied on for abusive or fraudulent ends. A finding of abuse requires a combination of objective and subjective elements. First, with regard to the objective element, that finding requires that it must be apparent from a combination of objective circumstances that, despite formal observance of the conditions laid down by EU rules, the purpose of those rules has not been achieved. Second, such a finding requires a subjective element, namely that it must be apparent from a number of objective factors that the essential aim of the transactions concerned is to obtain an undue advantage.
Here, Article 16 may be disregarded only in a situation where it would appear objectively that the objective pursued by that application, in this context, of ensuring the legitimate expectation of the parties in the applicability of specific legislation, has not been achieved (a tough condition if the lex contractus is wisely chosen), and that the contract was made subject to the law of a specific Member State artificially, that is to say, with the primary aim, not of actually making that contract subject to the legislation of the chosen Member State, but of relying on the law of that Member State in order to exempt the contract, or the acts which took place in the performance of the contract, from the application of the lex fori concursus. In this respect (at 55), choice of law of a Member State other than the Member State in which parties are established does not create any presumption regarding an intention to circumvent the rules on insolvency for abusive or fraudulent ends.
The findings on fraus amount to strong support for a wide interpretation of the concept 'international' in EU private international law. (That an entirely Italian situation was made 'international' simply by choice of law ex-Italy was not considered an issue). A development to be applauded. These same findings also make it very difficult within the context of Article 13 (now 16) successfully to mount a challenge of payments detrimental to the collectivity. This aspect of the case is what i.a. Gilles Lindemans objects to in the judgment. However the CJEU logic I suppose lies in what it sees firmly as the object and purpose of Article 16: it protects the legitimate expectations of the party who has benefitted from an act detrimental to all the creditors. In some way it prevents contractual sclerosis for parties suspected of being close to payment issues. Securitisation is facilitated if the lex causae is fixed, independent of the lex concursus. Not just fraus (a very improbable route now) but probably more importantly the burden of proof per C-310/14 Nike, protects the collectivity.
(Handbook of) EU private international law, 2nd ed. 2016, Chapter 5, Heading 5.7.1. Chapter 3, Heading 188.8.131.52.
Vinyls Italia: Szpunar AG on the chemistry between the Insolvency Regulation and Rome I. And again, on the pauliana.
Posted by Geert van Calster in Conflict of Laws /Private international law on 07/03/2017
In C-54/16 Vinyls Italia (in full: Vinyls Italia SpA, in liquidation v Mediterranea di Navigazione SpA) Szpunar AG opined last week (the Opinion is not available in English). At the core of the case is the application of Article 13 of the Insolvency Regulation 2000 (Article 16 in the 2015 version; see my general review here), however the case opens an interesting discussion on the meaning of 'international' in 'private international law'.
For the general context of Article 13 (16 new) I should like to refer to my review of Lutz and Nike. At issue in the case at hand are payments made by Vinyls to Mediterranea for the transport of chemicals of the former by the latter. Both are Italian registered companies. Shipment was presumably carried out in Italy (an extra-Italian element in the actual transport does not feature in the factual analysis re 'international', which I refer to below). However the contract made choice of law in favour of English law. Mediterranea makes recourse to Article 13 juncto English law as the lex contractus to ward off an attempt by Vinyls to have the payments return to its books.
First up is the question whether courts should apply Article 13 ex officio: for Mediterranea's claim was made after the procedural deadline foreseen by Italian law. Szpunar AG in my view justifiably suggest it does not: he refers to the Virgos Schmit report ["Article 13 represents a defence against the application of the law of the State of the opening, which must be pursued by the interested party, who must claim it" – § 136 of that report, para 43 of the AG's Opinion) and to the CJEU's finding in C-310/14 Nike at 26. The AG does point to the particulars of the case: Mediterranea seemingly had provided proof supporting its view that the substantial conditions of Article 13 had been met (in particular an expert opinion by an English lawyer) but had not expressis verbis requested its application. Szpunar refers the final say to the Italian court, which needs to judge on the basis of Italian civil procedure however does suggest that it seems fairly inconceivable to have provided proof for the fulfillment of a legal proviso, without meaning to request its application.
The question on the applicability of Rome I at all (which is required if Mediterranea want to make recourse to the provisions of English law as lex contractus per Rome I or the Rome convention) may not make it to the CJEU. As Szpunar AG notes, the underlying contract dates prior to 17 December 2009, which is the cut-off date of the Rome I Regulation. The referring court being a court of first instance, it is not in a position to request preliminary review of Rome I's predecessor, the 1980 Rome Convention. The AG completes the analysis anyway (the Court itself will not, should it find Rome I not to be applicable) and takes in my view the right, expansionist approach (one which I also defend in my handbook): especially given the presence of Article 3(3)'s proviso for 'purely domestic' contracts, it is clear that it suffices for Rome I to be applicable that parties make choice of court in favour of a foreign law. Further in the opinion (137 ff) he also suggests that such application is not tantamount to fraude a la loi (fraus legis) and again I agree: the relevance of fraus has been seriously diminished by the provisions on party autonomy in both Rome I and the Rome Convention.
The use of choice of law per Rome I (or the Convention) in turn serves as a jack to trigger the application of the insolvency Regulation. That too is correct in my view, and with undramatic consequences. Choice of law for the underlying contract only identifies its lex causae (where relevant, with an impact on Article 13 of the Insolvency Regulation). It does does not of course in and of itself determine the lex concursus: the latter is determined by the Insolvency Regulation once /if insolvency occurs. Parties have no means to manipulate this at the time of the formation of the contract.
Exciting, conceptual stuff. Most probably the Court itself will not be in a position to assess it all.
(Handbook of) EU Private International Law, 2nd ed. 2016, Chapter 3, Heading 3.2.1; Heading 126.96.36.199; chapter 5; Heading 5.7.1.


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12mm Silver Plated Bali Style Ribbed Spacers
Item Description
- Item: A011392
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Sold 5 beads per pack.
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12x3mm silver plated bali style ribbed spacers. These silver plated rings are a great alternative to Bali sterling silver, and no one will know the difference! Nickel-free and lead-free silver plated over copper, skilled craftsmen specialize in creating a detailed and beautiful finish. And with a 5mm hole they work perfectly on all name brand interchangeable and add-a-bead jewelry.


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"On World Environment Day, the message is simple: reject single-use plastic. Refuse what you can't re-use. Together, we can chart a path to a cleaner, greener world." — Secretary-General, António Guterres
Humans are both creatures and moulders of their environment, which gives them physical sustenance and affords them the opportunity for intellectual, moral, social and spiritual growth. In the long and tortuous evolution of the human race on this planet a stage has been reached when, through the rapid acceleration of science and technology, humans have acquired the power to transform their environment in countless ways and on an unprecedented scale.
The United Nations, aware that the protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue, which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world, designated 5 June as World Environment Day. The celebration of this day provides us with an opportunity to broaden the basis for an enlightened opinion and responsible conduct by individuals, enterprises and communities in preserving and enhancing the environment. Since it began in 1974, it has grown to become a global platform for public outreach that is widely celebrated in more than 100 countries.
"Beat Plastic Pollution"
Each World Environment Day is organized around a theme that focuses attention on a particularly pressing environmental concern. The theme for 2018, "Beat Plastic Pollution," is a call to action for all of us to come together to combat one of the great environmental challenges of our time. The theme invites us all to consider how we can make changes in our everyday lives to reduce the heavy burden of plastic pollution on our natural places, our wildlife – and our own health. While plastic has many valuable uses, we have become over-reliant on single-use or disposable plastic – with severe environmental consequences.