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Jails and detention centers range in size from five beds to several thousand beds. There are approximately 3,200 jails in the United States, employing more than 250,000 people. Organizational structures of jails vary based on whether they are entities of local, regional, state or federal governments. In terms of jails and detention facilities serving Indian Country, the justice system for many of the 566 federally recognized Native American Tribes and Alaskan Natives is a hybrid of tribal, local, state and federal involvement.
In addition to jail/detention officers, these facilities also may employ physicians, nurses, dentists, pharmacists, teachers, maintenance technicians, librarians, food service workers, administrative support staff, counselors and more.
Juvenile justice professionals work in a variety of settings in local, regional, and state governments. Just as in the adult corrections system, juveniles may be held in a secure setting awaiting trial, and may be incarcerated serving a sentence imposed by a court, or held in a detention facility awaiting a probation/parole violation hearing. There are professional opportunities working with juveniles in "treatment" settings, focusing on providing services needed to help the juvenile return to their community. Professionals may work in short-term holding facilities ("detention facilities"), often for youth awaiting judicial action, or work in facilities for youth who have been adjudicated of a crime and have been sentenced to serve a sentence in a state juvenile correctional facility, residential facility, group home or foster care. The most recent data reports that as of February 2010 there were 79,165 youth held in 2,259 public and private facilities.2
Juveniles may be automatically prosecuted in adult court if the offense and age meet specific state statutory requirements. Also, many states have provisions for transfer of jurisdiction for youth to adult court. Laws vary considerably from state to state. Information regarding each state's statute for automatic adult prosecution and transfer of jurisdiction to adult court can be found in the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention's (OJJDP) Statistical Briefing Book.
The juvenile justice system often has purview over "offenses" which if committed by an adult would not be a crime. These offenses are referred to as status offenses. A status offense may be defined as conduct which would not be a crime under the law of the jurisdiction in which the offense was committed if committed by an adult.Status offenses include but are not limited to:
Information regarding status offenses in each state can be found in the OJJDP Statistical Briefing Book. However, most states refer to status offenders as "children in need of protection and services (CHIPS), or dependent or neglected children". Human service agencies assume responsibility for these youth.
Employment opportunities are vast and varied within jails and detention centers serving adults and juveniles. While not an exhaustive list, positions may include:
The same types of positions are available in Indian Country jails as in local jails. For those interested in health care services, the Indian Health Service (http://www.ihs.gov/) provides services to Tribal facilities, and job openings.
Outlined below are useful skills for jail/detention officers, corrections deputy sheriffs, and juvenile detention staff:
Most entry-level positions for detention officers do not require specific job knowledge, but many organizations prefer applicants be over the age of 21 and have:
Those who seek a career in the juvenile justice system should have an understanding of adolescent behavior and possess a strong desire to work with youth.
Applicants may also be required to pass a criminal history record check, take written, oral, polygraph, physical, psychological and medical examinations. Check job postings for specific information, as testing procedures vary by organization.
Below are general qualifications for jail detention officers, corrections deputies and juvenile justice employees; however, keep in mind that each jurisdiction will have its specific qualifications. The minimum qualifications for those seeking positions with the Federal Bureau of Prisons metropolitan pre-trial detention centers are similar to these requirements; however, additional qualifications may apply for federal positions. A list of qualifications related to jobs within the Federal Bureau of Prisons.
Due to the physical nature and potential safety risks of the job, jail/detention officers and corrections deputies are typically in good physical and mental condition, possess standard (or correctable) vision, and have the ability to function effectively within a stressful environment. These factors may be assessed through entry-level tests that help determine an individual's interpersonal skills, judgment/logical reasoning ability, physical agility and more. Candidates may also be asked to undergo additional assessments, including a pre-employment physical examination and a psychological examination. A drug screening prior to employment is required by most agencies.
These qualifications are provided only for general guidance; refer to job postings to determine specific requirements. Job announcements, and often online applications, background check forms and other required documentation are typically posted on the websites of jails/detention centers, sheriff departments and offices, county and city human resources offices, state departments of corrections, and the Federal Bureau of Prisons.
The qualifications for many positions in Indian Country jails are essentially the same as in county jails. Many tribal communities and the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) use Indian preference in hiring. "Indian preference is a unique legal right that tribal members have that entitles them to first consideration at all employment, training, contracting, subcontracting, and business opportunities that exist on and in some cases near reservations." Indian preference may apply to job openings, but this should not keep you for applying for a position that interests you. For positions working for Indian Affairs, log onto www.usajobs.gov.
Tribal facilities hire through their tribal human resources agencies/departments. See a list of federally recognized tribes. From this list you can connect to the website of the tribe in which you are interested, and learn more about their hiring needs and practices. Keep in mind that not all tribes have chosen to operate a facility.
Certain behaviors (past and present) may disqualify applicants from jobs within jails and detention centers. However, disqualifiers vary among agencies. For example, one agency may exclude a candidate for any felony arrest, while another may accept a felony arrest, as long as it is not for domestic violence, driving under the influence (DUI), violent behavior or a crime of moral turpitude.
Generally, the following MAY disqualify a candidate for a certified/sworn position:
Disqualifiers are typically revealed through a standard background check that includes criminal history and in some cases a polygraph examination. Background investigations may include one or more of the following:
Inquire about training opportunities when considering jobs, as the type of training provided to new and current jail and detention professionals varies by agency. Typically, training falls into one of three categories: pre-service, in-service, and specialized.
Many states require pre-service training for jail/detention officers, but there are no national standards or requirements. Most programs are designed to provide basic knowledge and skills and may include:
Most pre-service training is conducted in an academy setting. Jail/detention officers, corrections deputies, and juvenile detention staff usually spend a period of time as probationary employees before being designated as permanent, full-time employees. During the probationary period, officers receive on-the-job training from their supervisors and experienced peers.
In some states jail/detention officers, corrections deputies, and juvenile detention staff may be granted sworn officer status and permitted or required to carry a firearm. In these circumstances, officers participate in appropriate firearms and tactical training. Such training and firearms certification is typically completed within the first year of employment.
Most agencies require employees to engage in ongoing education and provide professional development opportunities, updates to agency policies and procedures and refresher courses. This training may be provided within the agency or through national or regional conferences, regional or state training academies, community colleges, or other institutions of higher education.
Officers assigned to work in specialized roles such as emergency response teams or with K-9s often receive additional training.
Obtain additional information regarding training, by visiting the Federal Bureau of Prisons website.
For tribal detention facilities operated by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, training takes places at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center in Artesia, New Mexico – the United States Indian Police Academy (IPA). Training for tribal facilities is carried out based on the requirements of the tribe, and/or the state.
Detention/correction centers, commonly known as jails, are incarceration facilities used primarily to house adult inmates who usually have been sentenced to serve less than one year in jail or are held pending a trial, awaiting sentencing or awaiting transfer to other facilities. Jails provide for necessary daily health and welfare needs, and may offer other services, such as education, job training, substance abuse treatment, etc. Jails exist in all sizes and with varied operational structures within the local, state and federal systems.
A juvenile detention center temporarily incarcerates juveniles after they have been accused of committing a delinquent act, and the court orders the juvenile held in detention until their next scheduled court appearance (detention hearing), or are alleged to be in violation of their probation conditions. Juveniles are supervised by staff and are not allowed to leave without an escort. These centers are mandated to provide case management, treatment, recreational activities, education, and health services. Adolescents can be held for longer durations if they are being considered for transfer to the adult court.
There are approximately 718 juvenile detention centers in the United States . However, the juvenile justice system provides a continuum of juvenile justice facilities ranging from group homes, shelters, residential treatment centers, training schools, ranch/wilderness camps, and reception/diagnostics centers. Additional juvenile justice information can be found in the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention's (OJJDP) Statistical Briefing Book found at http://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/structure_process/faqs.asp
Due to confidentiality laws visitors are restricted and monitored closely. In many situations only parents and/or legal guardians are allowed to visit. This having been said, a juvenile's family can be an important source of tangible and emotional support. Additional information is found in The Impact of Family Visitation on Incarcerated Youth's Behavior and School Performance and is available at http://csgjusticecenter.org/nrrc/publications/the-impact-of-family-visit...
Yes, by law, adolescents must attend school each weekday while held in detention. Programs must be responsive to the developmental, physical, social, psychological/emotional, educational requirements including services for students with special needs, and family needs that are unique to adolescents. The school setting is held within a detention center.
Most states amended their criminal codes to allow youth charged with certain serious crimes such as murder, aggravated assault, armed robbery, rape and in some states certain property offenses to be sentenced as adults and to have jurisdiction waived (terminology varies from state to state – some call the process a certification, bind-over, remand or transfer) to adult court. Some of the factors considered for waiver include seriousness of the offense, the juvenile's prior delinquent history, the eligibility of the minor under state statute for waiver to adult court, past rehabilitation efforts that have proven unsuccessful in the juvenile system, and services under the juvenile system that cannot be provided for the length of time needed. Additional information is available on the Office of Juvenile Justice and Juvenile Delinquency (OJJDP) website ( http://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/population/index.html ).
In 1974 Congress enacted the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (JJDP) Act (Pub. L. No. 93–415, 42 U.S.C. § 5601 et seq.). This historical legislation established OJJDP [the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention] and provided the underpinnings to improve local and state juvenile justice systems and juvenile delinquency prevention efforts. On November 2, 2002, Congress reauthorized the JJDP Act. In order to receive funding from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency (OJJDP's) formula Grants Program states must demonstrate a commitment to achieve and maintain compliance with the 4 tenants of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (JJDP) Act.Deinstitutionalization of status offenders: Status offenders may not be held in secure detention or confinement. There are limited exceptions to this requirement which include a provision that allows accused status offenders to be securely held in juvenile facilities for up to 24 hours before and after an initial court appearance, and it allows juveniles who commit a violation of a valid court order (VCO) to be detained in a juvenile detention facility. Sight and sound separations: sight and sound contact with adult inmates is prohibited when youth are detained or confined for any period of time. Removal of juveniles from adult jails and lockups: youth may not be detained in adult jails or lock-ups. Exceptions include juveniles who are being held for non-status offenses. They may be held for a period of 6 hours for processing or release and prior to or after court appearances. In rural areas juveniles may be held for up to 48 hours excluding weekends and holidays, or until weather conditions permit, prior to an initial court hearing. Reduction of disproportionate minority contact within the juvenile justice system: states are required to address the disproportionate contact of minority youth at critical contact points including arrest, detention, and incarceration in the juvenile justice system. The Disproportionate Minority Contact website is found at http://www.ojjdp.gov/dmc/. An overview of the JJDPA Core Requirements is provided in the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act and information regarding states' compliance with the core elements of the JJDP Act is found at Monitoring Facilities under the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 2002.
Most agencies require their officers/jailers to have a high school diploma or GED. Some agencies require additional coursework in corrections or a related field. Carefully review the minimum qualifications section of vacancy announcements to ensure that you meet specific requirements.
Most agencies prefer applicants have or develop knowledge, skills and abilities in the following areas.
The Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition, projects that employment of correctional officers is expected to grow 9 percent between 2008 and 2018, about as fast as the average for all occupations.
Rules across agencies regarding factors that may disqualify candidates for positions within a jail or detention center vary by agency. For example, one agency may disqualify a candidate for any felony, while another will accept felonies, as long as they are not domestic violence, DUI or a crime of moral turpitude. While you should check with individual agencies regarding their policies, the following are common dis-qualifiers:
According to the Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2014-15 Edition, median annual wages of correctional officers and jailers in May 2012 were $39,040. The salaries for correctional officers varies throughout the nation with the highest 10 percent earning more than $66,610 and the lowest 10 percent earning less than $18,700. Higher wages tend to be found in urban areas.
Training requirements vary by agency. Some agencies have highly structured training curricula and internal training departments, while others have less structured programs with minimal classroom instruction. Almost all agencies have minimum training requirements during the first year with most ranging between 40 hours to 16 weeks.
For illustration purposes, following is an example of the training topics required by one state. In that particular state, new detention officers receive a total of 120 hours of orientation and basic officer classroom training during his/her first year of employment.
Agencies that are authorized to use firearms provide training via a basic weaponry course and require annual or more frequent accreditation testing.
The jail population changes constantly as some prisoners are released, some are convicted and transferred to prison, and new offenders are arrested and enter the system. Detention officers/jailers monitor inmate activities and work assignments to maintain security and inmate accountability and prevent disturbances, assaults and escapes. Detention/officers and jailers have no law enforcement responsibilities outside of the institution where they work. In jails utilizing supervision, an unarmed detention officer, equipped with a communications device, may work alone among 50 to 100 inmates. Officers enforce regulations primarily through interpersonal communication skills and the use of progressive sanctions, such as the removal of privileges. Officers also escort prisoners between their institution and courtrooms, medical facilities and other destinations.
Some may carry weapons. Those who are authorized to use firearms will be trained in weaponry and subject to annual or more frequent accreditation testing.
Qualified officers with appropriate knowledge, skills, ability and training may advance to leadership or administrative positions such as sergeant, lieutenant, captain, etc. In some jurisdictions, jailers/detention officers may compete for a specialty assignment, such as working with special response teams. Promotion opportunities may be enhanced by earning a college degree.
The Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2014-15 Edition, projects that employment of correctional officers is expected to grow five percent between 2012 and 2022, slower than the average for all occupations. Private sector job opportunities are expected to be good as public agencies contract with private companies to provide and staff corrections facilities.


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Simply visit www.hondaphil.com and fill out the CAREmittance Application form located within the CAREmittance link. Interested buyer may acquire one's ideal Honda vehicle through cash or financing payment terms. For financing applications, just submit online the completely accomplished application form, together with Employment Certificate, Income Tax Return and Remittance Receipt. Once approved, applicant may send payment through BPI and RCBC remittance centers located in key cities around the globe.
Honda recognizes the significant contributions of our modern day heroes, the Filipino OFWs. As such, Honda offers special package for successful CAREmittance applications. Package includes free 3-yr. LTO registration, Hydrophilic Paint Protection, Platinum Tint, seat cover, floor mat and other premium items.
Since its introduction in 2006, Honda CAREmittance Program has received warm response from the market and has converted inquiries into successful deliveries. Upon receipt of application, Honda keeps in constant touch with both the applicant and the beneficiary for status updates. Honda even sends the applicant photos of the beneficiary receiving the brand new car to capture such memorable fulfillment.
Honda CAREmittance Program eliminates distance barriers and offers ease of application in our fast-paced times. Through this pioneer program, Filipinos overseas can buy a Honda vehicle even while they are away.
The Honda CAREmittance mall tour display kicks off at the Upper Ground Floor Building A of SM Megamall from September 25- October 1. Display also features the All-New Honda Jazz and the CR-V.
For mall tour updates, log on to www.hondaphil.com or email [email protected]

subset: commoncrawl


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This book is listed in:
- Nonfiction ( 6,899 )
- Self-Help ( 1,863 )
- Law ( 832 )
Arrest-Proof Yourself
Book Description
This essential "how not to" guide explains how to act and what to say in the presence of police to avoid unnecessary arrests for petty offenses or mistakes in judgment that can lead to permanent disqualification from jobs, financing, and education. From what to do if a cop asks to search the car to dealing with a racial slur or how to handle a roach in the ashtray, this handbook details the nuances of dealing with the police. This revised and expanded edition of Arrest-Proof Yourself includes more than 100 pages of new information to reflect changes in police technique and "proactive policing." More than 50 pages are dedicated to weaponry—including how to legally own and handle guns and knives and which firearms to use for self-defense—and updates examine topics such as the current surveillance state and the ability of police to track movements and activities using data drawn from cell phones and computers. Sprinkled with not only moral outrage but also the weird humor that permeates law enforcement, this urgent, eye-opening exposé has stories from 30 years of case files, making it the go-to guide to police procedures for all Americans.
- Hardcover: 384 pages |
- Publisher: Chicago Review Press |
- Publication date: Nov 1, 2013 |
- Language: English |
- Format: Ebook


text: I love receiving photos of my clients in their outfits, and whenever I can I post images here. Of course that's not always possible so I've now started to try and get photos before things leave the workroom Click on a gallery to see some photos. Accessories Bridal Bridal Alterations- some images Clothing Special Occasions Accessories ›


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Chris Harris was at the Nurburgring this last weekend for a first test in the Porsche 911 GT3 RS that he will race with Walter Röhrl at the Nurburgring 24hr…May 15th and 16th.
"So it all begins today. Test started at 10am. This is the GT3 RS: standard car on slick tyres. VERY EXCITED." — Chris Harris
"It's even got a number plate!" — Chris Harris
"…shares a garage with the Manthay GT3R" — Chris Harris
"GT3 R Hybrid has the most bizarre front camber setting ever. Seems to be very quick too." — Chris Harris
Some pics from Saturday …
via pistonheads
Porsche ambassador and test driver – and double World Rally Champion – Walter Röhrl will compete in the Nürburgring 24 hour race in Germany on May 15/16 in a Porsche 911 GT3 RS, and British motoring journalist and race driver Chris Harris will be joining the German motor sport legend in the Porsche factory-supported team.In a driver line-up that mixes youth with experience, 35-year old Chris will be sharing the driving with Röhrl (63) and also former German Touring Car Championship driver Roland Asch (59) and fellow motoring writer Horst von Saurma (55). All drivers know the Nürburgring Nordschleife like the backs of their hands and have contested Germany's greatest long distance motor race several times. 2007 in the cockpit of a Porsche 911 GT3 Cup race car. During the 2008 season, Harris finished in tenth place with a 911 at the Nürburgring long distance championship (VLN). His 911 racing experience also includes two guest appearances in the Porsche Carrera Cup Great Britain, where he scored sixth and seventh place finishes. "I am thrilled and honoured at the prospect not only of representing Porsche in this great race but also driving alongside Walter Röhrl, a driver who has been a hero of mine for many years," said Chris, who is preparing for the endurance race with the assistance of the Porsche Human Performance Centre at Silverstone. Double German Touring Car vice-champion Roland Asch has tackled the 24 hour event in the Eifel Mountains more than a dozen times. In 2004 he secured fifth overall. The foundation for Asch's career was laid in Porsche single marque race championships. Contesting the Porsche 944 Turbo Cup, the German proved to be virtually unbeatable, winning the Championship three times straight. In 1991, he claimed the Championship title of the Porsche Carrera Cup Deutschland. Already in the 2010 season, Asch has a race track marathon behind him, contesting the Dubai 24 hour race where he fought long and hard for the lead at the wheel of a Porsche 911 GT3 Cup, until his retirement. At his debut race in 1987, Horst von Saurma was Asch's teammate in the 944 Turbo Cup. It didn't take long for the Nürburgring-Nordschleife to become the favourite circuit of the Editor-in-Chief of the specialist motoring magazine Sport Auto. Since 1988, von Saurma has contested the 24 hour classic twenty times. In 2001, the 55-year-old shared the cockpit of a Porsche 911 GT3 R with a line-up that included Porsche works driver Timo Bernhard. As a journalist, he regularly conducts tests on the Nordschleife and in 2004 even set a lap record with a Porsche Carrera GT. In preparation for the 24 hour marathon, Röhrl and his fellow racers aim to contest two VLN races with their 450 hp Porsche 911 GT3 RS. "I'm sure we will quickly familiarise ourselves with the track and the car," said a confident Röhrl, who last raced in the Nurburgring 24 Hours in 1993. "We'll need to practice our pit stops. After all, it was 17 years ago that I last made a driver change at race speed."


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Experience The One-Stop Elite Advantage
Elite is equipped to evaluate material properties and performance for various types of metals, plastics, ceramics, and composites. In addition to tension, compression, and bending of material samples, we also perform insertion and extraction force testing on connectors and cable assemblies. Our universal test machines range in capability up to 55,000 lbs and can be operated for static testing or cyclic operation at high loads up to 100Hz. Our Charpy/Izod impact test machines generate up to 450J of impact energy to measure material toughness for plastics and metals.
> Watch our Charpy Impact Test System in Action
Testing takes places in our ambient temperature- and humidity-controlled materials lab or we can configure a chamber into our load frames for thermal cycling or testing at temperature extremes (-73C to +310C).
To collect data on large quantity sample sets we have test automation and pneumatically actuated grips to quickly place and pull test samples. With a 3000psi/30gpm hydraulic system, we can perform a diverse range of mechanical testing for many industrial applications.
Tensile Testing Services
Tensile strength testing is a test procedure where a material is destroyed to measure its yield and tensile strength as well as its ductility. Because we employ experienced technicians and harness the latest tensile testing machines (with load capacities up to 600,000 pounds and a minimum of eight ounces), you can expect accurate measurements for:
- Most metals and polymers
- Small fasteners to large tubing and bolts
Tensile Strength Testing Procedures:
- Wedge & axial tensile
- Full-size yield strength of fasteners
- Machined specimens
- Full-size tubing
- Full-size rebar
- Elevated temperature tensile testing for high performance materials
- Tensile testing of welds and castings
Cyclic Fatigue Testing
Elite can get you on the way to production more efficiently through fatigue testing that accurately gauges the limits of your product under test. With cycling capabilities up to 100Hz and the ability to apply loads up to 55,000 lb, Elite's load frames provide cycle testing of various materials, printed circuit boards, and other finished products under real-world conditions to ensure they will meet their expected design life.
Universal Test Machines (UTM)
For large static testing loads and for cycling, we typically use one of three (3) servo-hydraulic UTMs:
- 55,000lbs (245kN), 6 in. stroke, up to 100Hz
- 10,000lbs (44.5kN), 6 in. stroke, up to 100Hz
- 10,000lbs (44.5kN), 6 in. stroke, up to 100Hz
- All UTMs can be configured for extreme temperatures (-73C to +310C).
For small force measurements, we can apply tensile and compression load with up to 1% accuracy for the following load cells and electro-mechanical load frames:
- 225lbs (1000N)
- 22.5lbs (100N)
- 12lbs (50N)
- 2.25lbs (10N)
Charpy/Izod Impact Test Machines
We have two (2) Charpy/Izod impact test systems to accurately evaluate both plastics and metals:
- Up to 450J impact energy, 5.2 m/s impact velocity
- Up to 25J impact energy, 3.8 m/s impact velocity
Contact us today for more information and to get started on your next project with Elite's experts.


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Social Medium is the best platform that can drive lot of traffic and audience engagement to the business. That's what most of the developers concentrate on building different social media's engagement tools. Here you can add all your social profiles in a single dashboard, so that you can easily schedule, monitor and work an all of your social platform.
Most of the business owners already using some important social tools like Buffer, Social Sprout, HootSuite and Bitly to manage social profiles. Main problem is most of the tools charging money.
Here the list of some free tools that can helps to manage, monitor the content that you shared.
Social Mention
Social mention is one of the effective tools just like a Google alerts. This media helps to monitor social profiles like Twitter, Facebook, and 80 other social sites. Social mention relies on 4 important metrics:
Strength - calculated by brand being discussed on different media's profile.
Sentiment - Calculated by ratio of positive mentions over negative mentions.
Passion - Calculated by individuals continuing to mention your brand.
Reach - calculated by dividing the number of unique authors with of total number of mentions on all social platforms.
It helps to monitor for specific keywords. When the real search engine was launched it helps to bloggers to keep track of their blog mentions. This tool can able to track mentions of all three social medium like Facebook, Twitter and Google+ together or separately. The main feature of this IceRocket is it offers trend report to the particular keyword.
This tool shows an overview about brand reputation and influence. Brand reputation is calculated by searches on Google, Twitter, Bing, YouTube, WordPress, Flick and most of the recent blog post, video, images based on keywords.
This tool is customizable, the results shown in the Addictomatic breaks all the search results into the headers.
Unlike other social medium tools, SumAll is designed especially for small business owners. It not only gives the overview of social media measuring and monitoring, it also connects you to the services like Google Analytics and PayPal. SumAll's free plan can able to connect business owners to 42 different services.
This tool helps to create an simple and creative shareable content on social medium that can drive lot of traffic to the website. Quizzers can provide information about the website and provide a better opportunity to connect with the audience.
This tool helps to create various quizzers for all your social media platforms. So that business owner can create BuzzFeed like quiz or that can give an actual grade to the post. Users can choose wide range topic according to their niche.
These are best tools to identify the companies' social engagement.
|5 Free Social Media Tools for Business Owner
Aaliya Dhaha is an web enthusiast and part time blogger, who working in Melbourne ZuanSEO who are leading PPC Services Melbourne company.


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Oh, that fresh Rocky Mountain stream water... sparkling snowmelt, flowing from the ancient peaks to the broad plains, teeming with hermaphroditic fish. Hermaphroditic fish, you say? Like, fish with male parts and female parts, all in one? In our streams? Ok... well, maybe not everywhere... just downstream from where we use the bathroom.
Hormonal disruption seems to be in the news quite a bit lately. Endocrine disrupters have been found in our food containers, and by proxy, our food. Every once in a while, a report on these hormonal substances is highlighted in the mainstream media, stirring a little panic and raising many questions. This week, it was reported that intersexual trout were found in five different Rocky Mountain National Park lakes. It is becoming a well known fact: endocrine disrupters are in our water. But that fact just raises more questions: How high are the concentrations of these chemicals? How much is too much? Is there a safe amount of endocrine disrupters to have in your water supply? And, while we're at it, just what are endocrine disrupters? Where do they come from? Finally, the one everyone wants to know: are they harmful to humans?
Research at the University of Colorado at Boulder has turned up some interesting answers to these questions over the years. As a student in the environmental studies program, I don't need to wait for a slow news day to hear about the subject... this is one of the professors's favorite studies to cite. A study on the reproductive systems of invertebrates in Boulder Creek revealed high levels of common endocrine disrupters alongside an unusually large number of female and intersexual fish, downstream from the municipal treatment plant.
I can't blame my professors for liking this one.. what better way to get your students interested in the effects of pollution than to make it personal? "Your pee is making the fish turn female!" For students who strive to reduce, reuse, and recycle, this can come as sort of a shock. Now, before you start to snicker at the excess hormonal output of college students, you should realize this same situation is quite possibly happening downstream from your water treatment plant, too.
Today, I'm attending a guest lecture by Dr. Alan M. Vajda, one of the researchers who found anomalous intersexual fish in Boulder Creek. Here, I'll be live-blogging the lecture, and sharing some of the images and data available on the Boulder Area Sustainability Information Network (BASIN) website. At the end, I'll offer my own thoughts on some of the new questions being raised: Are these substances harmful to humans? To our ecosystems? Should we stop using products which contain these substances?
First, allow me to introduce the star of the show, the fabulous sex-changing Osteichth--yes, the white sucker. This fish is native to a broad swath of North America, including the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains. (It has been introduced to the western slope as well.) The white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) made an ideal subject for this study, as it is found in both the frigid rapids in Boulder canyon, as well as the warmer sections of Boulder Creek to the east, where it flows across the plains. A weir in the creek separates the two habitats; fish downstream from the plant cannot pass the barrier and swim upstream. The fish are named for their sucker-like mouth, which is well suited for bottom feeding. Around dawn or dusk (those magical times when the wetlands seem to come alive) you can find these guys troweling along the bottom of the creek, sucking up anything they find like a vacuum cleaner: insects, worms, freshwater crustaceans and mollusks, and whatever else happens to be in the way. They have no need for teeth; they just suck it down.
While they'll eat anything, just about anything will eat the white sucker--birds of prey (herons, loons, eagles, ospreys, etc.,) mammals (including bears, wolves, raccoons,) and naturally, bigger fish, (pike or bass). Of course, we'll eat them, too. (Well, not me--I'm not a big fan of fish. I'm told they have flaky and sweet white meat and lots of little bones.) Are they an essential species in our ecosystem? I'm afraid that's not for me to decide, but I'm willing to give the fish the benefit of doubt. Besides, I can respect any species that likes to clean up the muck.
Now, to the science. Dr. Vajda begins by describing the area studied. Here in the arid west, we don't let a drop go to waste; all of the water flowing down from the mountain essentially goes straight into the municipal water supply of the Front Range. Dr. Vajda points out that if Denver stops returning their wastewater (better known as effluent) to the river systems, the river would simply stop flowing. In other words, most of the water--around 90%--of the water flowing downstream from the treatment plant is effluent flow, rather than fresh. Because these streams all flow into the same place, they concentrate just about everything, including endocrine disrupters.
What is an endocrine disrupter? Technically, it is any substance which interferes with natural hormones. Estrogen is the most primitive hormone, and so tends to have a broader effect. So, chemicals which act like estrogen can easily send the wrong signals to the body. There are a wide variety of chemicals found in our environment which can act in this manner. Some are natural (certain steroids), but many come from us: synthetic steroids (17a-ethynylestradiol), more commonly known as "the pill". Other contaminants include metabolites in detergents, pharmaceuticals and non prescription drugs (including caffeine), antibiotics, antioxidants (BTA), disinfectants (which turn into dioxins in the river system), insect repellants (DEET) and pesticides, and finally, Bisphenol A.
Bisphenol A was invented by Aleksandr P. Dianin in 1891 as a synthetic estrogen. Sometime after its discovery, someone figured out it was useful in creating plastic, and it has become a rather ubiquitous compound since. (Notice... we knew it was a estrogen-mimicking carcinogen BEFORE we started to use it in plastics. Priorities, right?) While this substance has certainly made plenty of headlines, it didn't really make it into the study we're discussing here. Dr. Vajda's work focused mainly on natural and synthetic steroids and detergent metabolites, rather than Bisphenol A. This is partially because natural and synthetic steroids as well as detergents all work in the same manner. They work as additive... if you put a little bit in the water, you'll see an effect. (Other chemicals have certain threshholds... some can be present in the water without causing any apparent harm.)
When they looked at the water in Boulder creek, they found more than a little bit. Upstream from the wastewater treatment plants, the water is quite pristine... only trace (naturally occuring?) amounts of estrogen are found. Downstream, on the other hand, estrogens are found at much higher amounts. Of course, it isn't just a location issue, but also a timing issue. The peak flow of Boulder Creek (and other mountain-fed estuaries) occurs in the spring, with the lowest flows occurring in the fall--the same time students are arriving to the college.
Endocrines are used in regulation of many vertebrate systems: the heart and blood vessels, the pancreas, brain, liver, gonads and so on. When present, they tend to effect reproductive effects: fertility, puberty, sexual differentiation and development, metabolism, and insulin regulation. It isn't just us verts; not only do we depend on an estrogen signaling network, but also many invertebrates, fungi, and plants. While many species can be affected by these chemicals, the fish make a model species for examining the effects of estrogen in the water.
Researchers first discovered the strange effects in the early 1980s, when intersexual fish were discovered in the United Kingdom. When examined closely (as in removed and put under a microscope) the fish's gonads revealed some oddities. As you can see in the picture to the right (from the Boulder Creek study) the gonads appeared to be both ovary-like and testes-like. You'd suppose the discovery of dual-gendered fish would immediately become breaking news. Unfortunately, the original research wasn't publicized for another decade or so, by which time the phenomena began to observed elsewhere. Now, intersexual fish have been found all over the world, in Tokyo, in the United States, and across Europe.
Here in Colorado, quite a few fish in Boulder Creek turned out to have it both ways: 20% of fish downstream from the treatment plant have intersex gonads (as opposed to none upstream.) But that wasn't all. Dr. Vajda and his team revealed that more is going on in the creek than just mixed up sex. Upstream, there is a normal ratio of males to females. Downstream, females outnumber males 4 to 1. The few downstream males show decreased testicular sperm abundance, while upstream females suffer impaired ovarian development. On another odd note (though unrelated to human physiology) the downstream males have elevated plasma vitellogenin levels--in other words, they're making yolk for eggs that they'll never have.
So... is it just a coincidence? Or are Boulder residents actually changing local riparian ecosystems by using the bathroom? In order to find out, Dr. Vajda and his colleagues built a Fish Exposure Mobile, an RV gone wild. Containing a series of aquariums, the mobile could monitor up to 300 fish at one time, exposing them to upstream water, downstream water, or a combination of the two. Here, they used another Colorado native fish, the Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). These fish make handy test subjects, in addition to being small enough to fit in mobile aquariums. Like the suckers, they are common in streams from the mountains to the plains. But unlike the suckers, the minnows display obvious secondary sexual characteristics. For one, the males have a dorsal fatty pad where the females do not, which makes it easy to identify gender without, as Dr. Vajda puts it, snatching nads. Unfortunately, after only four days of exposure to the downstream water, at least 50% of the males had begun to change sex, rendering them difficult to identify. Feminization and demasculization of the males was so common that the dorsal pads on downstream fish were often missing. (Without the dorsal pads and other visual cues, researchers had to take samples of the reproductive tissue to identify gender.)
Of course, we shouldn't just consider the fish. Our entire ecosystems are of immense and unmeasurable value. So, perhaps in that vein, Dr. Vajda is looking at ecosystem responses to estrogenic wastewater treatment plant effluent. He has found that diatoms and other macro invertebrates (which themselves thrive on diatoms) are also affected by contaminants in the water. The benthic fishes (like the white sucker) depend on both the diatoms and the macro invertebrates for a steady food supply. While they aren't subject to hormonal changes, the surfactant properties of some of the contaminants mentioned above (such as soapy detergents) can affect the health of the diatoms, depleting the amount of available nutrition for the fish.
Meanwhile, estrogen in the water works actually as an advantage for some species, for instance, the invasive New Zealand mud snails. When exposed to estrogens, these snails become "superfemales" or "polyvaginal" breeding machines. These snails feed on the diatoms, competing with the macro invertebrates. Unfortunately, fish like the suckers can't break the shells of the mud snail, so the snails are not subject to predation. Without any natural predators or parasites in this environment, these snails are already at an advantage. In other words, if we add more estrogen to the water, we may be dangerously tipping the scales in the favor of a highly invasive species.
But back to the fish. Dr. Vajda is now looking beyond Boulder Creek at 40 other sites for similar situations. The Fish Exposure Mobile II looked the at the waters around Vail, but didn't find near the same levels of estrogens beyond the treatment plant as they did in Boulder. Since there were no minnows present, they looked at a local species, the sculpin. There, no intersex fish were found. Vail's treatment plant is quite a bit more state-of-the-art than Boulder. Also, in this case, size matters. "Vail is too small," says Dr. Vajda. The big cities down on the plains are another story. Vajda and his crew have found intersex fish and skewed sex ratios in both Denver and Colorado Springs.
Incidentally, Boulder is planning to spend 55 million dollars to improve their water treatment plants--not for the sake of the fish, but I'm sure the fish won't mind. It might be easier to focus on cleaning up the water than it would be to change our habits... or even pinpoint which habits are having the worst effect. "This is just one of the many sources where humans are exposed... we're getting it through our food, through our water bottles, through our energy, agriculture and military," says Dr. Vajda. So, what does it mean for you as a consumer? Drink tap or bottled water? Dr. Vajda suggests you need to find out for yourself... it's your call as to whether chlorine or plastic is more dangerous. He also warns that there may be troubles with over-treating our water supply. Some research is going on into "living water", he tells us, but not really in the US. We have a long way to go. (I blogged a bit about flowforms about a year ago, and I sadly agree... we have a long way to go.)
Thanks to Dr. Alan M. Vajda for an excellent and informative lecture, and thanks to Dr. Alexander Cruz for inviting him to speak. All images used here can be found on the BASIN website.
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Frightening! I can imagine an unpleasant future where we'll choose to tinker with our water supply by adding hormones - just to keep things in balance.
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Thank you, as always, for keeping me connected to the homeland even though it makes me homesick. I had a somewhat related post about BPA today and included a link to this post.
I was wondering if Dr Vajda might have said anything about hikers and backpackers with their PC #7 Nalgene water bottles peeing BPA into the highcountry snowpack.
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Michelle, good, but disconcerting point. I hope to goodness that is never a solution. If the excess estrogens are having an effect on the females as well as the males, you can be sure adding in more male hormones would have ill effects on the males as well as the females.
Abel, I had read your post earlier today (it bumped me off the front page!) and enjoyed it. (Here's the link, if anyone is interested.) I'll be listening for the NPR piece. The reports do all compliment each other well. GrrlScientist has one up on BPA and wild bird calls, too. Seems like a popular topic.
Interestingly, Dr. Vajda and I did chat a bit about what might be happening in Rocky Mountain National Park. Since the area is so widespread, and subject to so many different influences that it is difficult to pinpoint any single source. (The water flowing through the treatment plant was much easier to quantify.) He was quick to point out that the percentage of intersexual fish found in RMNP was much lower than found in the Boulder Creek effluent. As for the Nalgene bottles, when the subject came up, I asked if regular plastic bottles (loyally holding up my bottle of Diet Coke) could potentially be as dangerous. Dr. Vajda said they likely were, but for different reasons.
Personally, when it comes to the bottles, I find them terribly convenient when carrying a backpack around all day. That said, I often find myself wondering if there isn't a better use for our limited supplies of fossil fuel byproducts than disposable bottles. (Especially when there's a drinking fountain nearby.)
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Certainly, the problem of cleanliness of our water resources excites all... Especially, when we reflect on it. However, every year in the rivers we find out all new and new substances which a priori there should not be.
To become simply terribly when you understand, that will get in our organism with water and food, and what consequences can be shown in the most near future...
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Lana, I'm not certain if you intended to do this:
Certainly, the problem of cleanliness of our water resources excites all... Especially, when we reflect on it.
...but that's a lovely play on words!
Please check back in the near future... I'm working on an experiment involving water quality, which has had some surprising results. In the next few weeks, I'll post more on the subject, and we'll have a chance to go into more detail, then.
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Easter is a time of candy, chocolate and sugary treats. Is it possible to include some non-sugary treats that will still be enjoyed amid all this? Yes––fortunately, there are some still-sweet but low-sugar or sugar-free options for you to try.
1Focus on fruit. While fruit contains fructose, it is healthier than processed sugar products because fruit contains the roughage, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants in combinations that provide our body with what it needs for energy and good health. There are many fruit snacks and desserts that can be used at Easter time, including chocolate dipped fruit if you use low-sugar or sugar-free chocolate. Fruit can be turned into interesting creations, including:
- A fruit bouquet
- A fruit basket
- Fruit kebabs––try drizzling dark sugar-free chocolate over the skewers for an Easter special
- Fruit pops – either use fresh fruit on the end of a stick or make sugar-free dried fruit balls (rolled in coconut or dark cocoa) for a tasty treat
- A watermelon basket fruit salad (where watermelon is available, such as some southern hemisphere countries)
- A delicious fruit salad
- Fruit sorbets.
2Use sugar-free chocolate for making chocolate eggs and molded figures. There are two main types of sugar-free chocolate––one is very dark chocolate without sugar and the other is diabetic chocolate, which has a substitute sweetener. Very dark chocolate is quite bitter, so it's an acquired taste but it can be mellowed with the addition of fruit or other flavorings when baking or cooking with it. If you're okay with less sugar rather than no sugar, try dark chocolate around the 60 to 75 percent ranges which still has small amounts of sugar added but isn't too sugary or with added fats. If the chocolate is of high quality, a little bit will go a very long way.
3Use gel or jelly to make Easter treats. Gel or jelly formed into large or small animal shapes (using molds such as a rabbit), can be an excellent means for making a sugar-free sweet for the Easter table. Instead of using sugary commercial Jello packages though, make the gel or jelly from scratch, adding in berries or fruit pieces and sweetening with either apple juice or apple juice concentrate in place of sugar.
- You can use either gelatin or agar agar to make gel or jelly. Only the latter is suitable for vegetarians and vegans.
- Fruits to add include diced pear, chopped banana, raspberries or other berries (use frozen berries if you can't find any fresh at this time of year), etc.
- Junket can be used for milky flavored gel desserts. Add fruit pieces as above if wished.
- Make homemade marshmallow treats in the shapes of bunnies, chicks and eggs (peeps substitutes). Avoid adding sugar. Such treats can be coated in dark, sugar-free chocolate or cocoa, or coated in desiccated or shredded coconut.
4Find sugar-free or sugar-reduced baking recipes for cupcakes, cakes, muffins and cookies. Use substitutes such as applesauce, apple juice, grape juice, spices, stevia, mashed fruit, etc. in place of sugar. Provided you're prepared to experiment with the recipe, you can make many of your traditional baking recipes reduced in sugar or sugar-free.
- Look for sugar-free baking recipes. This is easier than having to guess changes in measurement yourself.
- As a general rule, sugar can be reduced by half or even to a third of the amount suggested in a cake, flan or cookie recipe and still taste fine. However, the flavor will be less sweet, so you might need to find substitutes to make up for it.
5Make cute things from real eggs. Boil an egg and transform it into many different cute and delicious things. Make bento style egg animals, turn peeled boiled eggs into animals, flowers, monsters, etc., or try carving boiled eggs in interesting ways. Dyed boiled eggs (using edible dyes) can be interesting meal additions.
- Try making a hen egg salad.
- Eggs and carrots are a great combination––eggs for the chicken symbol of Easter and carrots for the Easter bunny.
6Make savory treats. Buy or make small crackers, pretzels and savory cookies and fill up small cellophane bags shaped to look like carrots. Tie the end with a green ribbon to look like a carrot top. Fill a basket with these bags for an Easter treat that both looks good (a bunch of "carrots") and tastes great.
- Nuts and raisins can be added into the mix if desired.
7Fill Easter egg containers and Easter baskets with healthy treats. Think of different foods for adding to Easter baskets than the usual high sugar treats on sale. Some items that you could use instead include nuts, small amounts of dried fruit, trail mix, popcorn, homemade low-sugar cookies and homemade low- or no-sugar chocolate eggs.
- Make up a basket of sugar-free commercial treats. There are candies and chocolates made with reduced or no sugar. If you find these, you can make up a basket with these, as well as some nuts, dried fruit and non-edible treats. Look for such candies as sugar-free jellybeans, sugar-free chocolates, sugar-free Easter eggs, etc.
- It might be kinder to add just a few small, quality chocolate commercial eggs to a totally healthy, homemade mix for kids who would otherwise feel left out. However, for adults, especially for those watching their food intake or who cannot eat sugar for health reasons, changing the treats to healthier ones will often be appreciated, especially your thoughtful input into finding things they can eat.
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- Ask your dentist for suggestions.
- Search for diabetic Easter treats for ideas of what you can buy commercially by way of sugar-free Easter treats.
- Avoid purchasing Easter treats unless they specifically state that they're low in sugar or are made without sugar. Also be wary of the many guises sugar comes in––for a list of the possible sugar types in food, see How to eat less sugar.
- Add lots of non-edible treats to Easter baskets to oust the need for too much candy or chocolate.
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- While artificial sweeteners can be used to make Easter treats, not everyone likes to use them and some of them are the subject of ongoing debate as to their healthiness. Be sure to do your research first before relying on them as substitutes.
- Going for less but choosing higher quality chocolate eggs (not the dollar store ones!) is a good way to balance having too much sugar with the treat occasion. Teach children to savor small amounts of sweet treats rather than depriving your child of all Easter treats once a year. However, bear in mind that there are plenty of sugary treat occasions throughout a year––Valentine's Day, July the Fourth, Halloween and Christmas being just a few, so use any sugary treats in moderation.
Things You'll Need
- Sugar free recipes
- Sugar substitutes
- Fruit
- Gel, jelly (gelatin or agar agar crystals)
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Title: More Happy Than Not
Author: Adam Silvera
Publication Date: June 2, 2015
Publisher: SoHo Teen
Genre: Young Adult, Contemporary Romance, LGBQT
Goodreads Synopsis:
In the months after his father's suicide, it's been tough for 16-year-old Aaron Soto to find happiness again–but he's still gunning for it. With the support of his girlfriend Genevieve and his overworked mom, he's slowly remembering what that might feel like. But grief and the smile-shaped scar on his wrist prevent him from forgetting completely.
When Genevieve leaves for a couple of weeks, Aaron spends all his time hanging out with this new guy, Thomas. Aaron's crew notices, and they're not exactly thrilled. But Aaron can't deny the happiness Thomas brings or how Thomas makes him feel safe from himself, despite the tensions their friendship is stirring with his girlfriend and friends. Since Aaron can't stay away from Thomas or turn off his newfound feelings for him, he considers turning to the Leteo Institute's revolutionary memory-alteration procedure to straighten himself out, even if it means forgetting who he truly is.
Why does happiness have to be so hard?
4.5 / 5 Stars
Adam Silver is a brilliant storyteller. I loved the way the story was set up and flowed in More Happy Than Not. It was creative and not what I was expecting at all. There were twists and turns I never saw coming. It was amazing how seamlessly many different issues were woven into the story.
Not only was the way the story unfolded different and interesting, but so were the characters. The main character, Aaron, could have been very annoying and frustrating to readers because of the way he complained about the hardships and unhappiness in his life. Instead, Aaron was easy to relate to. I could empathize with him and liked him. I wanted him to achieve his ultimate happy ending. I rooted for him the entire time.
The other characters were whipped cream on top of the Aaron sundae. Thomas had a maturity about him, even if he was lost in life. You couldn't ask for a better girlfriend than Genevieve. She stood by Aaron through it all, no matter what happened. I have to admit my favorite character was Me-Crazy, even if he was a horrible person. The fact that he gave himself that nickname was perfect. He had me laughing most of the time.
The only thing missing for me in More Happy Than Not was more information about what came next for Aaron. I kind of felt like I was left hanging a bit. I needed an epilogue or something. I'm dying for more!
More Happy Than Not is a book I'll be thinking about for a long time to come. It's definitely a book I would recommend.


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Edit (4/15/08): As per this commentor's request, I took down the photo of looking down the bar, if you noticed any changes from the first time you've seen prior to this edit. You will be able to see on my Flickr photostream but not on my blog, per se. But at least you still got the food porn! KO! As you remember me posting my urgent, desperate need last week about my reservations to Momofuku Ko, I have indeed found people. YAY! It's not a failed mission…not like many things in my life. Anyways, I met up with Andrea, her..
Tag Archives: Momofuku Ko
UPDATE (3/13/08, 7:35 PM): Alrighty…I got enough responses (e-mail, especially) about the reservation that I even have a backups for the diners I'll meet. Anyways, thank you everyone for taking your time to read and e-mail or comment my post. I really appreciate the feedback. UPDATE (3/14/08, 3:43 PM): Okee, I already have 2 spots taken…a few hours ago. BUT, there's a possibility that I do have one more seat open since my usual fooding friend is actually having doubts on the awesomeness of Momofuku Ko's meal due to its price tag. So…ONE MORE TO GO! Hi readers! I have..


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In some respects, this book kind of reminds me of Herman Hesse's "Siddartha" in that the protagonist is on a path to self-discovery. It is a book that is an experience. It has time-traveling, religion, and science, with a good dollop of mysticism.
From the moment the protagonist awakens to find a mysterious being in his room, you're off to other dimensions and other worlds as he is taken on a mission that twists through different times and places. He is brought up against a powerful antagonist and placed in circumstances that would blow anyone's mind yet he somehow manages to maintain his sanity in his attempts to rise to the challenges.
I must admit that I found it somewhat hard to understand in places, and felt there were a few things that could've been made clearer. However, I still found it to be quite an intriguing read and I believe it to be a great book for anyone who loves enigmatic plot twists.
4/5 stars


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Star Wars true fans prepare to have goosebumps in a couple of seconds. You will be so excited when you see what's in this article that you're gonna shudder with joy. Film Jackets came out with the replica of a jacket resembling the one Finn is wearing in the Star Wars movie The Force Awakens. How cool is that?! Now you can look as handsome as Finn after he took poe dameron jacket in your favourite scenes of the cool movie.
The designers did a really great job. This is not officially licenced replica of the jacket, but as you can see from the photos in the gallery, it's made of movie quality. It is made of real leather and comes in distressed and normal versions. The price is not high at all! Having in mind that the jacket is made of real leather, $180 is a really good price, especially because every true Star Wars fan will gain an emotional value. Licensed replica or not, go through the gallery and say for yourself – isn't this Finn's jacket from The Force Awakens?
Check out more replicas at Film Jackets website.
Don't miss out Star Wars fans, this item will probably sell out pretty fast
Source: gizmodo


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A gaming company, having the odacity to using the term "cultures online" describes my culture and history thus:" 1)Build a city. 2)Destroy someone else´s.3)Steal their resources.4)Use them to get big and strong.5)Repeat."
All under the banner of "Discover the world of the Vikings".
Why not throw in some canibalistic negroes with bongo drums and savage Indians with bows and arrows too?
If this was done to any non European culture it would be seen as racism. Now it´s just a game.
Cultures Online is a fun browser-based simulation strategy game. Build your own little Viking village in a cutesy design style. Play for free and join the epic hurry-scurry, right in your browser!


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Schertz- Cibolo- Universal City ISD: Not just another school district
Schertz-Cibolo-Universal City Independent School District is a three-county school district located just on the outskirts of northeastern San Antonio, in the south central part of Texas. The district is centered in Schertz but has expanded to include Guadalupe and Bexar counties as population throughout the region has increased. It now spans nearly 60 square miles, making it one of the largest school districts in the state geographically.
[dt_sc_button link="http://sanantoniotoprealtor.net/property-search-2/" size="medium" bgcolor="#dd3333″ variation="blue" target="_blank"]Search for Homes in SCUC ISD[/dt_sc_button]
The vision of the SCUC Independent School District is to help EVERY student to be a productive member of society. With core values of Leadership, Character, Commitment, Service and Learning, the district strives to teach its more than 14,500 enrolled students what it takes to become leaders in whatever career path they should choose to follow.
There are sixteen schools in Schertz-Cibolo-Universal City school district, including eight elementary schools, five intermediate and junior high schools, 3 high schools and an alternative school for those who require more discipline to succeed.
SCUC ISD Facts at a Glance
Location: Schertz, Texas
District Population: 58,437 (as of 2010)
Median household income: $76,416 (2012)
Median House Value: $168,900 (2012)
Enrollment: 14,550
Link to School Calendar 2015-2016: http://www.scuc.txed.net/aboutus.cfm?subpage=468
SCUC ISD has maintained the status of high-achieving schools in the state of Texas for many years. Its high schools are consistently ranked in the top 30%. Leadership training is a priority of the district, with more than two hundred teachers and administrators being trained as campus leaders through Professional Learning Communities (PLC) and another program, Thinking Through Quality Questioning (TTQQ). 96% of the district's students complete high school, and the majority of those go on to pursue a four year degree. In 2014 students in the Schertz-Cibolo-Universal City Independent School District received over $22.1 million in scholarships to attend college.
Access to International Education
Schools in Schertz offer area kids an opportunity that few districts in the country do. The Schertz-Cibolo-Universal City ISD holds a charter for a program that brings a globally recognized academic program to the tri-county school district. The International Baccalaureate, or IB, program is a two-year advanced level program for area students that allows them to earn college credit while in high school.
The International Baccalaureate program is based at Clemens High School in Schertz, Texas. Students enrolled in the IB Diploma program take exams in six separate subject areas. In their junior and senior years they write an extended essay that helps them communicate more complex ideas. They also take a class that helps them to learn how to think and to apply what they learn in the classroom, the Theory of Knowledge (TOK) course. For more information on the International Baccalaureate program visit Samuel Clemens high school: http://www.scuc.txed.net/SamuelClemens.cfm
A competitive spirt is a given in Texas. The UIL Lone Star Cup is a state competition of high schools from across the state that compares academic, artistic and athletic excellence, creating a state-wide ranking system. In the 2013-2014 school year both Steele and Clemens High School completed the year in the top 10% of all schools for their size and composition (4A and 5A High Schools).
Comprehensive Listing of Schools in the District
Green Valley Elementary School: http://www.scuc.txed.net/GreenValley.cfm
Maxine & Lutrell Watts Elementary School: http://www.scuc.txed.net/MLWatts.cfm
Norma J. Paschal Elementary School: http://www.scuc.txed.net/NormaPaschal.cfm
O.G. Wiederstein Elementary School: http://www.scuc.txed.net/OGWiederstein.cfm
Schertz Elementary School: http://www.scuc.txed.net/Schertz.cfmse Garden Elementary School
John A. Sippel Elementary School: http://www.scuc.txed.net/JohnSippel.cfm
Cibolo Valley Elementary School: http://www.scuc.txed.net/cibolo.cfm
Barbara C. Jordan Intermediate School: http://www.scuc.txed.net/BarbaraJordan.cfm
Laura Ingalls Wilder Intermediate School: http://www.scuc.txed.net/LauraWilder.cfm
Elaine S. Schlather Intermediate School: http://www.scuc.txed.net/ElaineSchlather.cfm
J. Frank Dobie Junior High School: http://www.scuc.txed.net/FrankDobie.cfm
Ray D. Corbett Junior High School: http://www.scuc.txed.net/RayCorbett.cfm
Allison L. Steele Enhanced learning Center: http://www.scuc.txed.net/AllisonSteele.cfm
Byron P. Steele II High School: http://www.scuc.txed.net/ByronSteele.cfm
Samuel Clemens High School: http://www.scuc.txed.net/SamuelClemens.cfm
An error has occurred:[0] Remote request resulted in a [403 Forbidden] response. More Info


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Duggars hammered for 'plundering' free Krispy Kreme donut give-away
The Duggar family inspired ire this week for snagging no less than 168 doughnuts during a giveaway at Krispy Kreme, Inquisitr reports.
The family apparently went to the doughnut chain for their "Talk Like a Pirate Day" promotion, where anyone who said something like "Arr matey" got a free doughnut. Customers who went the extra step of dressing up got a dozen doughnuts. It's possible Krispy Kremes wasn't expecting 14 Duggars to show up in full pirate gear, but they all got a box of doughnuts that it seems unlikely they'll be able to eat.
A video posted to the Duggars' Facebook page shows the kids holding their boxes and exclaiming, "Free doughnuts!"
This caused some backlash on social media.
Facebook user Linda Sheppard compiled the negative comments because the Inquisitr notes the Duggars actively delete them.
"Just because you 'can' get something for free, doesn't mean you should!" wrote Susan Panther. "Too bad that wasn't in the homeschool wisdom booklets. Do you realize that you not only cannot possibly eat that many donuts, but it is greedy to take more than you need?! And perhaps you are taking food out of mouths that truly could use it? I'm beyond disgusted by your selfish, pirating, plundering, pandering ways."
Sally Reader wrote, "Seems excessive to take that many 'free' donuts from a business that was doing a promotion. Those donuts weren't 'free' to make. Even if you give them away, you are still taking advantage of that business. That is just not right."
Some people came to the defense of the family, though most of the comments were negative.
"Actually this family volunteers a lot in our community so I am sure they were donated to maybe our women and children shelter or other just homeless people," Kayla Lambert wrote.
Watch the Duggars celebrate their doughnut plundering here:
A lot of fun and family time! 14 dozen donuts for free to share!
Posted by Duggar Family Official on Saturday, September 19, 2015


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69 Illawarra Street ALLAWAH NSW 2218
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Immaculate and oversized two bedroom apartment located in a well maintained security building. Features include spacious open plan lounge/dining area leading onto entertainers balcony, main bedroom with ensuite, second bedroom with built-in wardrobe, eat in kitchen, internal laundry, lock-up garage. Great location walk to shops, cafes and transport.
For an inspection or more details contact Argy Property, the Premier Real Estate Agents for Allawah. ...
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Walter Glaser
02 9588 4888
0402 443 777
02 9588 1926
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This site is operated by a business or businesses owned by Informa PLC and all copyright resides with them. Informa PLC's registered office is 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG. Registered in England and Wales. Number 8860726.
Booth: 3143http://www.infinityTDC.com
Infinity Technology Solutions, LLC is a Nokia (Alcatel-Lucent) and Radio Frequency Systems (RFS) value added distributor, specializing in microwave backhaul systems, MPLS and optical technology, and SCADA solutions. Infinity employs an exceptional, experienced and highly trained staff of system engineers, project managers and technicians, to cover the wide range of channel partner needs from complex custom solutions to turn-key system implementation.
Please be vigilant if approached by any other company or service that claims to be a housing provider for this show. Entering into financial agreements with non-endorsed companies can potentially cost you thousands of dollars with no guarantee of an actual hotel reservation. Reservations through these agencies or companies are made at your own risk and responsibility.


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Saying Farewell to Silver Dollar City's World Fest and to New Friends Dearbhail Finnegan and Robin Slater
Ends May 1, 2016
Each April/May for the past 18 years or so, the world has gathered in the tiny town of Branson, Missouri. From across the globe people come together and share stories, music, culture, friendship and food with those of us who live nearby and those who travel from across the country. It is a wonderful exchange of ideas, food, culture and music. And it is ending in a few short days.
It was but a year ago when I wrote an article for here on Hubpages about World Fest; a year ago that I first heard Ireland the Show and renowned harpist Dearbhail Finnegan, her husband and accomplished flutist Robin Slater play in person at Silver Dollar City. I had waited ten years to see Ireland The Show and I was entranced by the Irish dancers from Ireland the Show. It was well worth the wait.
But what affected me much more deeply and brought me back this year, the final year of World Fest was not the dancers, for they are not here. It was not the singers from the show, for they are absent as well. It matters not, for what brought me back once more was the wonderful husband and wife team of Robin and Dearbhail. Their obvious love of the music, for one another and for the people of the area drew me back this year and as I sat and enjoyed the show they performed for us on this Friday afternoon in April, it was with great happiness and a profound sadness both for the music enjoyed live and the fact that never again will I hear them in person.
Silver Dollar City is cancelling World Fest after this year.
After I wrote my little hub last year, I received a fair amount of traffic from viewers and a handful of comments. Then near Christmas I received a notification that I had another comment. Once I opened it and saw who it was from I grew excited. It was from none other than Dearbhail herself. She had taken the time to find my hub, read it and send a comment to me. I was shocked and pleased that the very performer I wrote about took the time to contact me!
She appreciated what I wrote and asked us to visit them once more this year in order to introduce ourselves. How often does one get such a request from a performer? Never in this ol' country boy's experience.
And so we found ourselves seated in an outdoor theater at SDC on a lovely afternoon, anticipating another wonderful concert filled with harp strings, clear notes from the flute and a bit of humor mixed in for good measure.
We were not disappointed.
Dearbhail has performed in Branson for some 18 years at World Fest; her husband of 16 years Robin has performed alongside her every year since their marriage. She has performed before President Clinton at the 50th Anniversary of NATO; before the House of Commons in London; and for Presidents of Ireland Mary Robinson and Mary McAleese as well as current United States President Barrack Obama. She is considered to be Harp Royalty and is an accomplished composer, teacher, director and performer whose works appeared in film in Nim's Winter Tale.
Lest we take she and her husband for granted here in little ol' Branson, be it known her next performance following World Fest is quite literally in a castle. Yes, they will appear in Cabra Castle late in May. We should count ourselves fortunate indeed to listen to such an accomplished pair as they and it is beyond my comprehension why SDC would end such a festival which includes talents such as theirs.
- Cabra Castle Hotel | Offical Website | Castle Wedding Venue Ireland
Official Website - 4* Cabra Castle Hotel & Wedding Venue Co Cavan offers luxury in spectacular surroundings for romantic fairy tale weddings or a relaxing night away.
Robin Slater, husband in this duet of life, is an exceptional flutist and artist in his own right. Together their instruments carry one to another time, another place; one where the woes and worries of the day are left far behind, forgotten. Their music alternatively lifts one to soaring heights before pulling at the heartstrings with a mournful tune the next moment.
And then there are the jokes.
Yes, their performance would not be complete without the good humor and prattle of Robin, often speared by Dearbhail with a well timed barb all in the name of fun. Some of the jokes are bad, and Robin is the first to let you know it won't get any better; but they are funny and told with an impish smile across his face. Dearbhail appears at times put out with his jokes and responds with a riposte muttered just loud enough for the crowd to hear and laugh along with. There is a great joy in attending one of their shows and I count myself fortunate to have heard them live and in person.
After their show (which ended far too soon), I hung back and watched as the crowd moved past their table of music for sale and listened as the audience spoke with them, and they with their fans. There was an honesty to them as they listened carefully to the people, laughed with them and took pictures together. It was evident this was exactly where they desired to be in this moment in time: together and performing before the standing room only crowd on this sunny Spring day in April at Silver Dollar City.
As the crowd dispersed, I took my turn at the table to purchase two of their CD's and introduce myself. I let them know that Dearbhail had responded to my article here on Hubpages in December and that they had asked me to stop by. They were delighted to meet me and my youngest son Caleb, allowing pictures to be taken, small talk to commence and autographs signed. They were, in short, exactly as I pictured them to be: open, honest and endearing. They are the type of people I could easily call friends. And so, after meeting these new friends I am bound to say farewell, to bid adieu this royal couple and wish them well on their travels through the world. Perhaps we will meet once more, but if SDC does indeed end this World Festival, I am at a loss as to where this might be. Perhaps, someday, my wife and I will travel to Ireland, the land of my ancestors. Perhaps we will visit Scotland and see where the MacCubbin branch of my family tree lived in years past. Or we might even visit Antrim, Ireland where me who knows how many times Great Grandparents Clarence and Mary Bell Patterson lived in the late 1600's and their son Robert was born in Londonberry in the early 1700's 'ere he left to come to that new world America. We could even visit that haven for Irish history and culture, Belfast where Jane Huggins, another of my ancestors was born. What I fervently hope is that we meet our new friends once more and it would be wonderful if it were in that incredible world called Ireland where we could listen to the music of our past in the present in friendship. Until that time, I have this to say to Dearbhail and Robin:
Go n-eiri an bothar leat. May the road rise up to meet you.
May the wind always be at your back.
May the sun shine warm upon your face,
and rains fall soft upon your fields.
And until we meet again,
May God hold you in the palm of His hand.
Questions & Answers
© 2016 Mr Archer
I can't understand y SDC wants to close the world fest.I think that it sucks because I've always wanted to go see it but never had the money to go and now they want to shut it down. Like so many others that haven't been there will never get to there is a whole younger generation that will never get to enjoy the wonder of world fest
Yeah, regarding the end of World Fest... I got this message from management, "All things must come to an end new beginnings are on the horizon." and that "be assured you will enjoy the new entertainment we have in store for our friends."
Well, in Scots-Irish terminology... that's pure SHITE! I am not going to enjoy ANYTHING... if Robin and Dearbhail aren't there to perform their Irish harp and silver flute! Believe it or not... management even cracked down on allowing me to visit Guest Relations and leave complimentary comments. So, if the SDC management does not want to hear appreciative compliments, I will join the ranks of other disgruntled guests. Usually, after each visit to the park, I would write a lengthy statement thanking Silver Dollar City for an enjoyable experience... while lauding the wonderful performance of Robin Slater, Dearbhail Finnegan, Ecuador Manta, and other longtime performers. (Never, on any occasion, over the last 30 years, have I made one negative statement about SDC... until now.) However, the last time I stopped to leave encouraging / positive feedback, the staff would not let me write my own comments. One of the Silver Dollar City reps said, "No, you can't do that any more. You tell us what the incident was... and we will write it for you!" I thought, "CRAP! It will be a cold day in Hades before I am prevented from speaking for myself!" I went ahead and told the lady what I wanted to say, and it was ALL good... Not only did she misspell Robin and Dearbhail's name, but she only wrote a tiny part of what I was telling her! She would listen to a portion of my appreciative statement before replying, "What you really want to say is..." and then she would paraphrase my feedback in four or five words! The lady let me know she was annoyed that I was there taking her time. However, if I had been allowed to fill out the form myself, the employee would have been free to attend to other visitor issues. There was no other explanation than censorship and feedback control. But why control encouraging feedback endorsing groups that management decided to dump? Obvious! Always before they thanked me again and again for leaving POSITIVE statements of appreciation in comparison to the negative rants of other grumpy guests. However, this time... the attitude had TOTALLY changed! I was a pariah! Well, I'll tell you one thing... Silver Dollar City has lost A LOT of its appeal for me this year! I will finish my 2016 season pass simply because I already have it purchased. However, I am thinking long and hard whether I will ever return, after being a loyal patron for the last 30 years! Dropping World Fest was a turning point for me. Silver Dollar City has aborted cultural diversity for buffoonery! So, bring in the clowns!
Thank you for such a nice article, both Dearbhail and I are very glad to have met you and appreciate you taking the time to write this. Hoping we will all meet again sometime!
Aww, that's always a pleasant surprise to have someone admired respond in kindness. Although I have never been to Branson, I have always thought I want to go.
Most of them are on the east coast in the Atlantic. New Smyrna Beach, which is popular in my neck of the woods, is touted as the shark capial of the world. You're going to be in the Gulf, so you should be okay.
How wonderful to have the subject of one of your many entertaining hubs reach out to you! I know you're sad to see the World Fest come to an end. Perhaps you and your amazing new friends can stay in touch.


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Sooner or later academic writers will likely encounter a German book or article title with a dash of some sort within it, which raises the question: what is the proper way to format the title in an English-language work citing that book or article? This post illustrates the issue and suggests a preliminary answer. Examples … Continue reading Dashes in German Titles
Special Footnotes
Footnotes are typically used to provide bibliographic details (in traditional citation style) and discussions that supplement the main argument. Footnotes can also indicate where a work has been previously published or presented, acknowledge the author's gratitude for another's assistance in preparing the current work, or, in the case of Festschriften, express the author's sentiments toward … Continue reading Special Footnotes
Image Captions
Authors frequently include figures in their works (e.g., line drawings, photographs, maps). Each figure should generally be referenced within the body of the work (e.g., see fig. 3), so readers know why it has been included or to what the figure relates. In addition, the figure should be accompanied by a caption that provides a … Continue reading Image Captions
Publisher Name Changes
Publishers often change names over the course of their histories, as they restructure internally or merge with other publishing houses. For example, when Westminster Press merged with John Knox Press in the early 1990s, the publishing house Westminster John Knox Press was created. In bibliographic entries, the name of the publisher should match the name … Continue reading Publisher Name Changes
Abbreviations Lists
Although not every work needs a list of abbreviations, it is often advisable to include such a list at the beginning of monographs and edited collections, even if one is following the SBL Handbook of Style. This allows a reader quickly to discern the meaning of a given abbreviation without consulting another source that may … Continue reading Abbreviations Lists
Series Volume Identifiers: Old/New and Concurrent Series
Formatting series volume identifiers can be problematic when a series begins anew or is divided into distinct concurrent sections. In such cases, the notation 1/ or 2/ distinguishes the different series. 1. Consecutive Series When a series begins anew, we prefer that authors distinguish between the old and new series with the appropriate label: 1/ … Continue reading Series Volume Identifiers: Old/New and Concurrent Series
Series Volume Identifiers
Publishers use a variety of methods to identify volumes within a given series. This post explains how to format series identifiers in bibliographic entries. 1. Series with Volume Numbers Many publishers today assign volume numbers to volumes in a series. When a volume has an assigned series volume number, it is appropriate to include the … Continue reading Series Volume Identifiers


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Forty-three states and most U.S. jurisdictions have adopted regulations for energy-efficient construction of commercial buildings. These regulations usually include provisions related to low-slope roof assemblies— buildings whose roofs slope less than two units vertical in 12 units horizontal (2:12). This course highlights commonly adopted energy-code provisions for commercial low-slope roof assembles and examines the process of how such provisions are adopted.
After reading this article, you should be able to:
+ UNDERSTAND model energy codes and code adoption processes and procedures.
+ DISCUSS key roofing-related provisions of the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC).
+ LIST several energy code considerations for reroofing projects.
+ DESCRIBE the advantages of developing relationships with local building code officials on energy code requirements.


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Monday, March 28, 2011
Glitter and a teaser
March has been a month of Lions and Lambs!.
Several days I have felt weedish.
(I have no idea what that triangle shadow is in the scan-a sign? Leave a comment if you have an interpretation)
I've had this image in my scrap pile and with the addition of this Quote, stamped in black and thermal embossed clear and flourish , thermal embossed with a mix I made of green, glitter, black and gold, it fit the theme of Out like a Lamb/glitter, for this weeks Challenge.
Check back here soon for a very exciting announcement about my favorite stamp company and my favorite die company.
Yes there will be prizes.
Please leave a comment and post your own entry.
Posted by Robyn at 12:34 PM 3 comments:
Friday, March 25, 2011
Fantasia Wheel SOLD
This wheel is SOLD Nice Threads in Black Mountain, NC.
wheel diameter - 18"; double treadle • orifice height - 28"; size - 3/8" • 3 bobbins; will fit all other Kromski wheels • single drive with Scotch tension with interchangeable whorls; flyer has sliding hooks • also includes threading hook, attached Lazy Kate and needlenose bottle of spinning wheel oil; uses an elastic drive band • Ratios: 5 and 8 to 1. • weight - 12.5 lbs.
It is a lightly used demo wheel and spins beautifully. Custom finished with a natural leaf motif. Several hours of finishing went into this wheel and assembly.
Call or email or stop by for more info.
828 581 4664
Posted by Robyn at 4:57 PM 3 comments:
Monday, March 21, 2011
Under Water?
With everything going on in the world today I'm glad my head is above water. Dry thoughts to Suzanne who had a flood in the Quietfire studio.
Ironically this weeks Challenge theme is Water/Silver.
The background is a piece of postcard- shout out to Diane-BFF-from I think the Outer Banks of NC. Added some silver flourishes and the Quote. Everything had to be thermal embossed and set as the card is very glossy. I think it added to the watery look.
Hop over to Still Waters Refuge for the prayer.
Maybe out of context and still, here is the poem by Mary Oliver that is with me this week.
When I Am Among the Trees
by Mary Oliver
When I am among the trees,
especially the willows and the honey locust,
equally the beech, the oaks and the pines,
they give off such hints of gladness.
I would almost say that they save me, and daily.
I am so distant from the hope of myself
in which I have goodness, and discernment,
and never hurry through the world
but walk slowly, and bow often.
Around me the trees stir in their leaves
and call out, "Stay awhile."
The light flows from their branches.
And they call again, "It's simple," they say,
"and you too have come
into the world to do this, to go easy, to be filled
with light, and to shine."
Posted by Robyn at 6:00 PM 1 comment:
Monday, March 14, 2011
How deep is your stash?
Pretty deep here.
Another random scrap collage with stuff out of the bin.
Just added some gluestick, stardust pen and stickles to what was laying around.
Flourish and dragonfly stamps were already and waiting in the bits of this and that pile.
spring cleaning?
This weeks theme at Created Byhand is Green/#4.
Only somewhat random, as it is greening here by leaps and bounds and St Patty's day is right around the corner.
Celebrate by getting outside, posting an entry and leaving a comment.
In your spare time come visit Nice Threads- here or in person if you are lucky enough to be in the Mountains of Western North Carolina.
Another random scrap collage with stuff out of the bin.
Just added some gluestick, stardust pen and stickles to what was laying around.
Flourish and dragonfly stamps were already and waiting in the bits of this and that pile.
spring cleaning?
This weeks theme at Created Byhand is Green/#4.
Only somewhat random, as it is greening here by leaps and bounds and St Patty's day is right around the corner.
Celebrate by getting outside, posting an entry and leaving a comment.
In your spare time come visit Nice Threads- here or in person if you are lucky enough to be in the Mountains of Western North Carolina.
Posted by Robyn at 6:30 PM 4 comments:
Monday, March 7, 2011
International Womens Day
March 8th is the 100th anniversary of a day honoring women.
This the the first card I have photoshopped and my guess is PSE8 was not designed by women.
The background started with Distress spun sugar-this weeks challenge theme is Woman/Pink-then thermal embossed the goddess and quote in a shade of pink and clear embossing powder. I like the clear as it covers mistakes better than a color.
The beautiful woman's faces are stamps by Leaf and Lizard. I stamped them in versa mark and a pearl-ex sepia stamp pad and used pan pastels and some new iridescent chalks sent to me by my BFF Chris. If you haven't tried the pan pastels yet- get yourself an IWD gift and get lots of the applicators. They are a softer different type of sponge than cosmetic applicators and they really make a difference in the end product.
These women look to me like wide eyed dreamers.
Join us.
Please leave a comment and post your own entry.
and please hop over to Stillwaters Refuge and read my latest post there.
I don't do art in a vacuum, tho I try to keep Rainbow Weaves rant free and inclusive.
Posted by Robyn at 6:30 PM 7 comments:
Saturday, March 5, 2011
Fiber Gift cards
I'm in love with these fiber themed stamps from artist Julie
Mencher. I'm excited to be carrying all of my favorites at Nice Threads.
Being in knitting withdrawal, i mostly ordered spinning and weaving designs, tho I couldn't resist the sock monkey knitting a sock- not pictured- you'll have to come in and see.
I stamped and embossed a few gift cards so folks could see how fine these are- again you really have to come in and see-
you won't be disappointed, unless the one you want is gone!
We'll reorder soon, and if you must have the knitting ones, we'll get them for you.
Posted by Robyn at 4:18 PM No comments:
Tuesday, March 1, 2011
The Dressing Room Project
I found one of these cards on the ground at my local playground.
Please check out their website here.
the Dressing Room project asks girls to print and post these cards on mirrors in dressings rooms, locker rooms, dance studio's anywhere that girls judge their bodies and may form negative attitudes about their beautiful selves.
The Dressing Room Project is an initiative of Emerging Women Projects
a non profit organization for teen girls' empowerment.
Please check it out, print and post these beautiful girl created cards.
You are beautiful!
Posted by Robyn at 9:54 AM 2 comments:
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Aart de Villiers
Aart de Villiers (1931-1999) was a South African academic, theatre critic, stage director and translator.
Born on 5 March 1931 and grew up in Bethal in die Eastern Transvaal. He studied drama at Rhodes Univeresity and obtained his M.A.-degree from them in 1957 with a study of the poetry of N.P. van Wyk Louw. He later obtained a doctorate from the University of Pretoria, with a thesis based a director's script for Germanicus by N.P. van Wyk Louw.
His life partner was the actor Don Lampbrecht. De Villiers passed away on 26 April 1999.
Contribution to SA theatre, film, media and/or performance
He was a founding member of the Drama Department at the University of the Witwatersrand, and taught there for many years. De Villiers directed many plays and operas over the years, wrote a number of books and articles on the theory and practice of theatre, and was a reviewer of performances and texts for a number of publications.
His two most relevant books on drama are Dirigent van die Woord ("conductor of the word", a manual on directing, 1976) and Die Sawel van jou Stilsit (essays on Germanicus, 1977)
He translated the Afrikaans play Die Keiser by Bartho Smit into English as The Naked Emperor, 1982), and translated a number of plays into Afrikaans, including:
A Christmas Carol (as Pennieknyper, i.e. "Penny Pincher"), Arthur Kopit's [[]] as Ag Pa, arme Pa, Ma het Jou in die Kas Gehang, Dis Daarom wat ek Kla (Arthur Kopit), Alcestis by Euripides (as Alkestis, with Don Lamprecht), Gian-Carlo Menotti's Amahl and the Night Vistors]] as Amahl en die Nagbesoekers (with Bosman de Kock) and Mozart's opera The Marriage of Figaro as Die Huwelik van Figaro (with Anton Hartman).


text: FLY Art Center's mission, to cultivate creative confidence in kids, is one which is close to our heart. We collaborated with FLY to brand and design packaging for these take-home kits for a marble roll, a creature and a mobile. They were sold in museum gift shops (hurrah!), and even generated a little bit of internet buzz!


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This energy-efficient home, designed and built by Phillip Alarid of Alarid Contracting, is appointed with unique architectural details. The interior design and decoration was inspired by the beautiful space. Taking cues from the space itself we created an eclectic mix of Santa Fe style with a 'global sensibility' to reflect the style and taste of our clients.
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New Mexico
844-284-6999 toll-free
505-820-0239 studio
607 Cerrillos Road, Space A
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toll free: 844-284-6999, studio: 505-820-0239
[email protected]
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Circular No. 1/2016 issued on the 14th of January 2016 by the Department of Merchant Shipping, advises on the instructions of the Minister of Communications and Works for the regulation of the number of private ship security guards and firearms a Private Ship Security Company ("PSSC") may register on its Cyprus certificate. These instructions, to be implemented as from the 1st of January 2016, were concluded following the implementation of the Protection of Cyprus Ships against Acts of Piracy and Other Unlawful Acts Law of 2012 ("the Law"), and a review of the services provided by the PSSCs to Cyprus Ships as well as related operational issues.
Pursuant to section 22(1) of the Law, the number of firearms must be proportional to the number of guards at a ratio of two (2) to one (1), since for each approvedprivate ship security guard, the PSCC is able to register on its Cyprus certificate up to two (2) firearms and vice-versa. Hence, any PSSC which has more firearms registered on its certificate than is permitted must apply to the DMS for the addition of the required additional number of guards or for the deletion of the required number of firearms. The relevant fees for the addition of guards have to be paid. With regards to the maximum number of firearms, a PSCC is entitled to register on its Cyprus certificate up to four hundred (400) firearms. Thus, any PSSC with more than four hundred firearms registered must immediately apply to the DMS for the deletion of the additional firearms. Such deletion will be free of charge. Moreover, in case that a PSSC does not provide any service to a Cyprus ship for a continuous period of one calendar year as from 1 January 2016, the Certificate must be automatically withdrawn.
Regarding the fees payable for services rendered by the Minister pursuant to the Law, they are currently being reviewed and are to be subject to amendments; a relevant notification will be issued accordingly in this respect.
Failure by any natural or legal person to comply with any provision of the Law and any instruction of the Minister regarding the implementation of the Law may result in the withdrawal of the Certificate in accordance with section 36 of the Law, and/or, in criminal proceedings resulting in a sentence of imprisonment up to two years and/or a fine up to €20,000 in accordance with section 89 of the Law.