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A 20-year-old man faces charges in connection to an attempted carjacking after officers said he allegedly tried to order a young girl off a rented scooter in downtown St. Augustine, according to a St. Augustine Police Department report.
An off duty law enforcement officer from Georgia was vacationing in the area with his family and had rented scooters on Saturday, the report said. As the family rode the scooters down Malaga Street, a man later identified as Matthew Wiecki, from Vernona, Wis., jumped into the street and tried to stop the off duty officer's daughter, the report said.
The girl was able to drive around him, but when the officer stopped to ask Wiecki what he was doing, he demanded that the officer give him the scooter, the report said. Once the man identified himself as an officer, Wiecki began to yell profanities at him and followed the officer and his family into the Carmelo's Marketplace parking lot on King Street, the report said.
The off duty officer held Wiecki down until St. Augustine Police officers arrived. Wiecki was taken into custody and faces charges of attempted carjacking.


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Rocco's best selling light from anywhere is now available in a stunning yellow light, a perfect addition to any magic act using fire and flames or looking for a substitute for fire. Amaze your audience with the original and the best.
Created in 1987 by Roger Mayfarth, D'Lite was designed for stage and close-up use by the world renowned-magician, Rocco. Today, thousands of professional magicians use D'Lite to entertain audiences throughout the world. With D'Lite, You can mesmerize people by controlling a bright light at your fingertips with your seemingly bare hands, making it appear and disappear from view as often as you wish.
The basic effect is that you show your hands completely empty, then pluck a bright yellow light from out of the air. You can toss the light from hand to hand and make it appear or disappear at any time.
The possibilities are endless as you can proceed to put the light in your mouth and pull it out of your ear, or hold an ice cube in your bare hands and make it glow yellow at your command. D'Lite is easy magic that anyone can do and you will absolutely amaze everyone with D'Lite, from children to seniors.
With long-lasting battery life, under normal usage D'Lite will last for up to a year, (individual results may vary).
Available as a single or pair. Select when adding to cart.
Have a question about this product? It's possible others do too. Ask here and other AmazeKids customers will be able to respond with assistance! Alternatively, email us and we can help too.
We ship to you directly from within the UK. While most other UK magic shops hide what happens behind the scenes, we want you to know exactly how things work. Here's the timeline:
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Amazekids.com is the ONLY one-stop shop experience for the professional children's magician. We stock more kids magic than any site on the web, and we are owned and operated by professional magicians. We carry only quality magic—the kind of magic that adds smiles to children's faces, and bookings to your diary.
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We're excited to announce that Deliv will power grocery delivery for Giant Eagle. The grocer will be expanding their Curbside Express click-and-collect service in Central Ohio to offer home delivery with Deliv's same day delivery service.
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"We are filling thousands of customer orders monthly in central Ohio. It has clearly been a convenience that customers appreciate," Dan Donovan, a Giant Eagle spokesman, told a reporter from The Columbus Dispatch.
You can read more about the partnership here.


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If you can't decide on one main present to buy loved ones this year, we assure you they'll adore a thoughtful hamper, filled with a few of their favourite things. We've made it extra easy, from ready-made hampers to our gift-box service. Extra-ambitious, creative types can build their own with one of our beautiful cubes or boxes.
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Our gift hampers and gift sets are the perfect solution to indecisiveness: we've taken the stress out of choosing what to give by pre-packing our bestselling favourites for you. No need for additional wrapping, these sets come in a beautiful white box, tied with a chic black ribbon.
Try our Seychelles Cosy Hamper if they love a snuggly night in. The dreamy Seychelles candle will transport them to an Indian Ocean island while toes are kept toasty in our pure-cashmere bed socks. Alternatively, the Signature Home Hamper is made for those who love to collect memories. The evocative Lime & Bay fragrance will warm their senses, while they can fill our Silver-Plated Photo Frame with magical memories from 2017.
If this is the tiniest member of the family's first Christmas, our The Little White Company boxed gift sets are unbeatable for fuss-free, thoughtful gifts they'll love and wear all season long.
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Looking to make your gift feel extra-special? Whether you're purchasing from our website or one of our stores, we offer a premium gift-box service, from just £5 per box online (and beginning at £3 in store). Simply select your individual pieces and let us do the rest.
With various sizes available, there's a perfect box for all, and we guarantee the crisp white box with statement black satin ribbon (or grey grosgrain for The Little White Company items) will spark excitement the moment your loved one spots it beneath the tree.
We'll deliver your gift straight to their door, with a personalised message from you, or can send it straight to you to add the finishing touches yourself. Just tick the gift box option during checkout or ask our team when placing your order by phone or in store.
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If you like to add a festive flourish to your presents without help from anyone else, we've got all the ingredients you need. To give your individual gifts those extra-special touches, see The Gift Wrap Guide.
Choose your items – we recommend candles and fragrance, cashmere, pyjamas, kitchen goodies and photo frames – beautifully wrap them in our stunning paper and place them in your homemade hamper. We love the rustic look of our Kubu Baskets and they'll use our Storage Cubes again and again in the new year, making it a gift that keeps on giving.
Position your gifts inside the hamper on a bed of tissue paper and scatter precious glass and porcelain decorations (they're not just for the tree) among them. Winding a beautiful branch or garland amongst the gifts not only gives the recipient a lovely new festive piece for their home but gives the overall look of the hamper a beautiful woodland finish.
Wrap the whole thing in a glimmering sheet of cellophane and tie with Christmassy twine for the ultimate wow factor.
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Koppa Tool Box by Verso Design is perfect for both home and office use. The stylish toolbox helps you to keep pens, tools, jars on various other small items in good order. The bottom of the Koppa Tool Box is covered with thin wool felt.
Verso Design's Koppa collection features storage boxes and baskets for many different uses from children's room to the kitchen. Created by the Finnish designers Tuttu Sillanpää and Tuuli Burman, Koppa collection will add pleasant Scandinavian flair to any space.
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Bony morphologic factors affecting injury risk, rotatory stability, outcomes, and re-tear rate after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is an increasingly common orthopaedic procedure (1,2). Outcomes after ACL reconstruction have improved considerably as surgical technique, implant and imaging technology, and scientific understanding have advanced over the past few decades of modern ACL reconstruction. However, there remains a subset of patients that have subpar outcomes after ACL reconstruction such as residual rotatory instability, graft re-tear, and premature arthritis (3-5). The underlying etiology for these unsatisfactory outcomes is multifactorial, and anatomic, biologic, neuromuscular, and technical factors all play a role (6-12). Recently, several studies have demonstrated that certain bony characteristics of the patient's native anatomy may contribute to rotatory knee stability (Table 1) (13-17). As surgeons strive to improve treatment of ACL injuries, knowledge of these bony factors which affect knee stability is crucial to optimize patient outcomes.
Full table
Tibial slope
The unique shapes of the medial and lateral tibial plateaus contribute to the characteristic rotatory instability associated with ACL injury. The lateral tibial plateau is convex and has a smaller surface area than the medial plateau. The complex interaction of the lateral tibial plateau and lateral femoral condyle leads to the prototypical pivot shift sign, or "clunk", observed in the setting of ACL deficiency. In fact, the slope of the lateral tibial plateau plays an important role in rotatory knee stability and ACL re-injury risk (13,18-21). For instance, a study of 11 female cadaveric knees reported a mean lateral tibial slope of 7.6 degrees, and the authors reported that increasing the tibial slope was significantly associated with anterior tibial acceleration and ACL strain during dynamic impact testing (21).
The effect of tibial slope on rotatory knee stability and injury risk have also been observed in clinical studies. For instance, one study demonstrated that ACL tear patients with high grade rotatory laxity have a higher tibial slope than those with low grade rotatory laxity (13). A separate study of 200 consecutive patients who underwent ACL reconstruction reported a mean tibial slope of 8.5 degrees, although patients who had sustained a second ACL injury at 15-year follow-up had a tibial slope of 9.9 degrees (P=0.001) (22). Hashemi et al. demonstrated that for each degree increase in lateral tibial slope, ACL injury risk increased by 1.17-fold (23). In a separate study comparing 88 ACL reconstruction patients to 88 control population, authors reported a 21.7% increased risk of noncontact ACL injury with each degree of increased slope in females, but not males (20). However, other studies have reported increased injury risk in males with increased tibial slopes. In fact, a recent study in division-1 collegiate football athletes found that lateral tibial slope predicted ACL injury risk (19). Unpublished data from our institution has shown that increased tibial slope (Figure 1) leads to altered gait kinematics and tibial rotation during downhill running. As demonstrated by the previous studies, increased lateral compartment tibial slope results in increased rotatory knee laxity, ACL strain, and ultimately ACL injury risk.
Tibial plateau size
Musahl et al. studied size parameters of the femoral condyle and tibial plateau. The authors studied a total of 49 patients (males and females). They performed pivot shift testing in patients with ACL tears under anesthesia. The authors reported that patients with a smaller lateral tibial plateau diameter in the medial to lateral direction also had higher grade pivot shifts. When analyzed by sex, this applied to females, but not males. They did not find associations between other morphologic parameters and pivot shift grade. The authors originally hypothesized that the anterior to posterior dimensions of the tibia would be most associated with rotatory stability. They explained the discrepancy between the original hypothesis and their finding by reasoning that the orientation of the tibia relative to the femoral condyle changes during the pivot shift mechanism, and the medial to lateral dimensions are likely oriented in more of an anterior to posterior direction during this phenomenon (24).
Posterior condylar offset
While distal femoral posterior condylar dimensions have long been discussed in joint arthroplasty literature (25), this specific anatomic feature has just recently been studied in the setting of ACL injury (26). In a study of in vivo knee kinematics using dynamic stereo radiographs and 3D CT scans, a higher posterior condylar offset ratio (COR) was positively correlated with increased anterior tibial translation. A cadaveric study reported a link between posterior condylar offset and posterior tibial slope (27). In ongoing but unpublished research at our institution, increased posterior condylar depth (Figure 2), relative to overall condyle depth in the anterior to posterior direction, as measured on lateral radiographs, has been correlated with an increased risk of non-contact ACL injury and re-injury after ACL reconstruction. Furthermore, quantitative pivot shift analysis of patients with ACL tears utilizing video image analysis software and inertial sensors (28) demonstrated increased rotatory knee laxity in patients with high posterior condylar offset ratios. The mechanism behind the increased knee laxity and injury risk are currently unknown. It is possible that the increased condylar offset results in more of a stretch of the lateral tissues and relative low density when the knee is at lower flexion angles, such as those commonly encountered in non-contact ACL injury. On the other hand, perhaps the injuries occur when the knee is in greater degrees of flexion and the lateral soft tissue structures are at maximum tension and therefore are most likely to fail. Studies have suggested that femoral condyle geometry is important in rotatory stability (29), though future studies will be needed to better understand this relationship.
Lateral femoral notch sign
The lateral femoral notch sign (LFN) sign has long been recognized as an indicator of ACL injury. The LFN occurs close to the location of the native condylopatellar sulcus (Figure 3). Supraphysiologic depth and length of this condylopatellar sulcus, as measured on lateral radiographs or sagittal MRI, is referred to as "positive notch sign". In 1992, Cobby et al. reported that patients with normal ACLs had a LFN depth of 0.45 mm on lateral radiographs, while patients with torn ACL's had LFN depth of 0.89 mm. The authors considered LFN depth of greater than 1.5 mm to be a sign of ACL injury. A later MRI study observed that 83% of acute ACL patients had an osseous contusion at the area of the sulcus, and that most involved injury to the subchondral bone (30). Gimberg et al. confirmed that the LFN was associated with ACL injury and further reported that a "double notch" sign was 17% sensitive and 100% specific for complete ACL tear (31).
More recently, Herbst et al. reviewed MRIs and X-rays for 500 acute arthroscopically confirmed ACL tears. They observed that ACL tears sustained during high intensity cutting sports were more likely to be accompanied by a deep lateral femoral notch (>2.0 mm) than non-cutting sports. They also found a significant correlation between LFN >2.0 mm and presence of a lateral meniscus tear (15). Recent research from the authors' institution has corroborated the association between LFN depth and lateral meniscal tears. However, there was no significant correlation between LFN depth and quantitative pivot shift measurements. While the relationship between LFN depth and rotatory injuries such as ACL and lateral meniscal tears is clear, more research is needed to elucidate the pathogenesis of the LFN.
Intercondylar notch
Perhaps no bony morphologic feature has been more studied in the context of ACL injury than the intercondylar notch (Figure 4). In fact, a PubMed search in June 2017 reveals over 350 articles on the topic of intercondylar notch and ACL. As early as 1983, the intercondylar notch was implicated in ACL injury (32,33). Subsequently in 1987, Houseworth et al. used computer graphic analysis to suggest that narrow notch width may predispose the individual to ACL injury (34). Then in 1988, Souryal et al. reported that individuals with bilateral ACL tears had significantly narrower notches than a control group (35). The authors also described the measurement of the notch width index (NWI), which was the ratio of the width of the intercondylar notch relative to the notch of the distal femur, measured at the level of the popliteal groove on posteroanterior "tunnel view" radiographs. A separate study performed by the same group reported that high school athletes sustaining noncontact ACL injuries had lower NWI than the uninjured cohort (36). The relationship between narrow notch width and increased ACL injury risk has been confirmed not just in young patients with acute ACL tears, but also in older patients with knee arthritis (37). In general, an NWI of <0.27 or an absolute notch width of <15 mm is considered a significant risk factor for ACL injury (38).
Since these early studies, our understanding of the intercondylar notch has continued to evolve. Studies have shown that a smaller notch size often correlates with a smaller ACL, suggesting that the increased injury risk could partially be due to a weaker ACL (39-41). Other studies characterized the various shapes of notches, and linked "A-shaped" notches to increased risk of ACL injury (16,42). Multiple research articles have analyzed notch differences among various populations. For instance, some studies reported that females have narrower notches, a higher proportion of A-shaped notches, and less notch volume than their male counterparts (16,41-43). Similarly, Caucasian males and females were found to have narrower notches than African American men (44). In both cases, the populations with characteristic notch morphology have correspondingly higher risks of non-contact ACL injury.
Using cadaveric specimens, robotic loading and 3-D mathematical models, Fung et al. demonstrated the impingement of the ACL against the intercondylar notch. They determined that slight knee flexion, tibial external rotation, and knee abduction resulted in the greatest degree of impingement. The authors noted that although tibial internal rotation results in direct ACL strain, it decreases the distance to the notch wall and thus lowers the risk of impingement (45). Park et al. followed up on this earlier work and expounded upon its findings. They reported that ACL impingement was first detected at 15° of tibial external rotation and 4° of abduction. Further abduction and external rotation increased the impingement force. In fact, the model showed that 29° of external rotation and 10° of abduction resulted in ACL stretching and deformation (46). An animal model showed that repetitive impingement of the ACL in this position of tibial external rotation and abduction resulted in cell death and cumulative ligament damage (47), and more recent studies have corroborated this mechanism of notch impingement (Figure 5) (48).
This knowledge of notch morphology should encourage thorough assessment of the notch during preoperative planning and during the surgical procedure. In addition to the relationship between narrower notches and smaller native ACLs, studies have shown that larger grafts used during ACL reconstruction could lead to increased impingement on the notch (49). In fact, ongoing research at our own institution has demonstrated that increased graft size relative to notch width at the apex can result in increased failure rate. This is important as most of the literature to date on graft size has focused on risk of re-tear risk when smaller grafts have been used (50).
Graft positioning also influences the risk of graft impingement. Non-anatomic placement of the femoral tunnel has been cited as the leading technical cause of ACL reconstruction failure (51,52). Several studies have demonstrated that high and anterior placement of the femoral tunnel can result in increased impingement against the notch (49,53). Similarly, anterior and lateral positioning of the tibial tunnel results in increased graft impingement (49,53,54). As such, surgeons should consider tibial tunnel-independent methods of femoral tunnel placement, such as anteromedial portal or outside-in drilling (55). These techniques have demonstrated more anatomic positioning of both the tibial and femoral tunnels, and thus decreasing the risk of graft impingement (56-60).
As demonstrated above, a variety of bony morphologic factors can impact the risk of primary or repeat ACL injury. Some of these can be addressed surgically, and others are merely harbingers of ACL injury or rotatory laxity. Some of these bony characteristics are part of the normal developmental process, while others result from injury, and still others may develop as a result of chronic microtrauma or altered gait patterns. Wolff hypothesized the relationship between bone structure and function as early as 1867 (61). In fact, Wolff's law has remained a cornerstone in modern understanding of bone and its dynamic responses to pressure, tension, and its surrounding environment (62,63).
While the Mechanostat model of bone has been known for nearly 150 years, and has been studied in-depth in other settings, the study of bone morphology and its interaction with ACL function is in a stage of relative infancy. McNeill Ingham, Lovejoy, and others have provided crucial insight into the evolutionary development of the human distal femur, and its comparison to other bipedal species (64). For instance, cows have demonstrated a similar NWI to humans, while goats, dogs, and other animals did not. However, pigs showed sex-specific differences in notch morphology that mirrored that of the human differences in male and female notches. Furthermore, most quadrupeds have a steeper tibial slope and narrower intercondylar notch relative to bipedal species such as humans. Spending more time in deep knee flexion, and thus necessitating different demands on their knee joints than that of humans, quadrupeds have different knee morphology that is more advantageous to their functional demands (64).
Until recently, bony morphology has been underappreciated in the field of ACL research. In fact, there is still much that is unknown about the causes, consequences, and variations in bony morphology relative to ACL injury. It is crucial that surgeons and scientists continue their pursuit of knowledge and understanding of these factors. As there exists great variability among individuals, incorporation of bony morphology into preoperative planning, operative techniques, and postoperative rehabilitation and return-to-play will be crucial to providing individualized treatment of ACL injuries. For example, in patients with an A-shaped or narrow notch, graft size and positioning must be performed with meticulous attention to detail to ensure that the risk of graft impingement is minimized. In patients with excessive LFN depth, surgeons should assess the preoperative imaging and intraoperative exam for lateral meniscus injuries that might otherwise be missed. Preoperative x-rays with a deep LFN should alert clinicians of a likely ACL injury in the absence of an MRI or with equivocal MRI findings. Patients with excessive posterior tibial slope or posterior condylar offset/depth should be considered to have higher rotatory laxity and increased re-injury risk. Tibial slope can be addressed with a slope-reducing osteotomy, especially during revision ACL reconstruction (65). Although no surgical treatments are known to address the distal femoral condylar anatomy, surgeons may consider additional procedures such as extra-articular tenodesis or more conservative postoperative protocols.
In conclusion, numerous bony morphologic features have shown association with ACL injury risk, rotatory knee laxity, and outcomes after ACL reconstruction. Posterior tibial slope and posterior femoral condyle characteristics have been correlated to measurements of rotatory knee stability, with increasing slope and greater condylar depth resulting in greater knee laxity. Increased tibial slope, increased posterior femoral condylar depth, a deepened lateral femoral notch (condylopatellar sulcus), and smaller intercondylar notch morphology have demonstrated increased ACL injury risk, and in some cases ACL reconstruction failure rates. Although historically underappreciated, it is important that surgeons consider these individual anatomic bony features when treating patients with ACL injury. Furthermore, future research should continue to focus on elucidating the pathogenesis behind abnormal bony morphology and its relationship with ACL injury risk. ACL reconstruction is not a one-sized fitting all surgery, and understanding the impact of subtle bony morphologic variations will guide surgeons to deliver more individualized treatment options.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
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- Joreitz R, Lynch A, Rabuck S, et al. Patient-Specific and Surgery-Specific Factors That Affect Return to Sport after Acl Reconstruction. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2016;11:264-78. [PubMed]
- Zebis MK, Andersen CH, Bencke J, et al. Neuromuscular Coordination Deficit Persists 12 Months after ACL Reconstruction But Can Be Modulated by 6 Weeks of Kettlebell Training: A Case Study in Women's Elite Soccer. Case Rep Orthop 2017;2017:4269575.
- Rahnemai-Azar AA, Zlotnicki J, Burnham JM, et al. Secondary Stabilizers of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament—Deficient Knee. Oper Tech Orthop 2017. [Epub ahead of print]. [Crossref]
- Noyes FR, Huser LE, Levy MS. Rotational Knee Instability in ACL-Deficient Knees: Role of the Anterolateral Ligament and Iliotibial Band as Defined by Tibiofemoral Compartment Translations and Rotations. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2017;99:305-14. [Crossref] [PubMed]
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- Kittl C, El-Daou H, Athwal KK, et al. The Role of the Anterolateral Structures and the ACL in Controlling Laxity of the Intact and ACL-Deficient Knee. Am J Sports Med 2016;44:345-54. [Crossref] [PubMed]
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- Rahnemai-Azar AA, Abebe ES, Johnson P, et al. Increased lateral tibial slope predicts high-grade rotatory knee laxity pre-operatively in ACL reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2017;25:1170-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
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- van Eck CF, Martins CA, Vyas SM, et al. Femoral intercondylar notch shape and dimensions in ACL-injured patients. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2010;18:1257-62. [Crossref] [PubMed]
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- Rahnemai-Azar AA, Yaseen Z, van Eck CF, et al. Increased Lateral Tibial Plateau Slope Predisposes Male College Football Players to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2016;98:1001-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
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- McLean SG, Oh YK, Palmer ML, et al. The relationship between anterior tibial acceleration, tibial slope, and ACL strain during a simulated jump landing task. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011;93:1310-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Webb JM, Salmon LJ, Leclerc E, et al. Posterior tibial slope and further anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed patient. Am J Sports Med 2013;41:2800-4. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Hashemi J, Chandrashekar N, Mansouri H, et al. Shallow medial tibial plateau and steep medial and lateral tibial slopes: new risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Am J Sports Med 2010;38:54-62. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Musahl V, Ayeni OR, Citak M, et al. The influence of bony morphology on the magnitude of the pivot shift. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2010;18:1232-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Malviya A, Lingard E, Weir D, et al. Predicting range of movement after knee replacement: the importance of posterior condylar offset and tibial slope. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2009;17:491-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Hoshino Y, Wang JH, Lorenz S, et al. The effect of distal femur bony morphology on in vivo knee translational and rotational kinematics. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2012;20:1331-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Weinberg DS, Gebhart JJ, Wera GD. An Anatomic Investigation Into the Relationship Between Posterior Condylar Offset and Posterior Tibial Slope of One Thousand One Hundred Thirty-Eight Cadaveric Knees. J Arthroplasty 2017;32:1659-1664.e1. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Musahl V, Griffith C, Irrgang JJ, et al. Validation of Quantitative Measures of Rotatory Knee Laxity. Am J Sports Med 2016;44:2393-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Fridén T, Jonsson A, Erlandsson T, et al. Effect of femoral condyle configuration on disability after an anterior cruciate ligament rupture. 100 patients followed for 5 years. Acta Orthop Scand 1993;64:571-4. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Speer KP, Spritzer CE, Bassett FH 3rd, et al. Osseous injury associated with acute tears of the anterior cruciate ligament. Am J Sports Med 1992;20:382-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Grimberg A, Shirazian H, Torshizy H, et al. Deep lateral notch sign and double notch sign in complete tears of the anterior cruciate ligament: MR imaging evaluation. Skeletal Radiol 2015;44:385-91. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Kieffer DA, Curnow RJ, Southwell RB, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament arthroplasty. Am J Sports Med 1984;12:301-12. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Lambert KL. Vascularized patellar tendon graft with rigid internal fixation for anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1983.85-9. [PubMed]
- Houseworth SW, Mauro VJ, Mellon BA, et al. The intercondylar notch in acute tears of the anterior cruciate ligament: a computer graphics study. Am J Sports Med 1987;15:221-4. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Souryal TO, Moore HA, Evans JP. Bilaterality in anterior cruciate ligament injuries: associated intercondylar notch stenosis. Am J Sports Med 1988;16:449-54. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Souryal TO, Freeman TR. Intercondylar notch size and anterior cruciate ligament injuries in athletes. A prospective study. Am J Sports Med 1993;21:535-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Stein V, Li L, Guermazi A, et al. The relation of femoral notch stenosis to ACL tears in persons with knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010;18:192-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Wolf MR, Murawski CD, van Diek FM, et al. Intercondylar notch dimensions and graft failure after single- and double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2015;23:680-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Chandrashekar N, Slauterbeck J, Hashemi J. Sex-based differences in the anthropometric characteristics of the anterior cruciate ligament and its relation to intercondylar notch geometry: a cadaveric study. Am J Sports Med 2005;33:1492-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Wolters F, Vrooijink SH, Van Eck CF, et al. Does notch size predict ACL insertion site size? Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2011;19:S17-21. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Dienst M, Schneider G, Altmeyer K, et al. Correlation of intercondylar notch cross sections to the ACL size: a high resolution MR tomographic in vivo analysis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2007;127:253-60. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Ireland ML, Ballantyne BT, Little K, et al. A radiographic analysis of the relationship between the size and shape of the intercondylar notch and anterior cruciate ligament injury. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2001;9:200-5. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Wratten CJ, Tetsworth K, Hohmann E. Three-Dimensional Femoral Notch Volume in Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Versus Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Intact Patients: A Matched Case-Control Study With Inter-gender Comparison. Arthroscopy 2015;31:1117-22. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Shelbourne KD, Gray T, Benner RW. Intercondylar notch width measurement differences between African American and white men and women with intact anterior cruciate ligament knees. Am J Sports Med 2007;35:1304-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Fung DT, Zhang LQ. Modeling of ACL impingement against the intercondylar notch. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2003;18:933-41. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Park HS, Ahn C, Fung DT, et al. A knee-specific finite element analysis of the human anterior cruciate ligament impingement against the femoral intercondylar notch. J Biomech 2010;43:2039-42. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Fung DT, Quinby JS, Koh JL, et al. Changes in the rat ACL resulting from subfailure impingement loading. Proceedings of XXth Congress of the International Society of Biomechanics and 29th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics. Cleveland, OH, 2005.
- Branch TP, Browne JE, Campbell JD, et al. Rotational laxity greater in patients with contralateral anterior cruciate ligament injury than healthy volunteers. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2010;18:1379-84. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Orsi AD, Canavan PK, Vaziri A, et al. The effects of graft size and insertion site location during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on intercondylar notch impingement. Knee 2017;24:525-35. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Mariscalco MW, Flanigan DC, Mitchell J, et al. The influence of hamstring autograft size on patient-reported outcomes and risk of revision after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) Cohort Study. Arthroscopy 2013;29:1948-53. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Morgan JA, Dahm D, Levy B, et al. Femoral tunnel malposition in ACL revision reconstruction. J Knee Surg 2012;25:361-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Trojani C, Sbihi A, Djian P, et al. Causes for failure of ACL reconstruction and influence of meniscectomies after revision. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2011;19:196-201. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Udagawa K, Niki Y, Enomoto H, et al. Factors influencing graft impingement on the wall of the intercondylar notch after anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 2014;42:2219-25. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Howell SM, Taylor MA. Failure of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament due to impingement by the intercondylar roof. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993;75:1044-55. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Burnham JM, Malempati CS, Carpiaux A, et al. Anatomic Femoral and Tibial Tunnel Placement During Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Anteromedial Portal All-Inside and Outside-In Techniques. Arthrosc Tech 2017;6:e275-82. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Lee DH, Kim HJ, Ahn HS, et al. Comparison of Femoral Tunnel Length and Obliquity Between Transtibial, Anteromedial Portal, and Outside-In Surgical Techniques in Single-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Meta-analysis. Arthroscopy 2016;32:142-50. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Herbort M, Domnick C, Raschke MJ, et al. Comparison of Knee Kinematics After Single-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction via the Medial Portal Technique With a Central Femoral Tunnel and an Eccentric Femoral Tunnel and After Anatomic Double-Bundle Reconstruction: A Human Cadaveric Study. Am J Sports Med 2016;44:126-32. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Osti M, Krawinkel A, Ostermann M, et al. Femoral and tibial graft tunnel parameters after transtibial, anteromedial portal, and outside-in single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 2015;43:2250-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Pascual-Garrido C, Swanson BL, Swanson KE. Transtibial versus low anteromedial portal drilling for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a radiographic study of femoral tunnel position. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2013;21:846-50. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Tompkins M, Milewski MD, Brockmeier SF, et al. Anatomic femoral tunnel drilling in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: use of an accessory medial portal versus traditional transtibial drilling. Am J Sports Med 2012;40:1313-21. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Meyer GH. Die architektur der spongiosa. Arch Anat Physiol Wiss Med 1867;34:615-29.
- Frost HM. From Wolff's law to the Utah paradigm: insights about bone physiology and its clinical applications. Anat Rec 2001;262:398-419. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Frost HM. Changing concepts in skeletal physiology: Wolff's Law, the Mechanostat, and the "Utah Paradigm". Am J Hum Biol 1998;10:599-605. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- McNeill Ingham SJ, de Carvalho RT, Abdalla RJ, et al. Bony Morphology: Comparative Anatomy and its Importance for the Anterior Cruciate Ligament. Oper Tech Orthop 2017;1:2-7. [Crossref]
- Dejour D, Saffarini M, Demey G, et al. Tibial slope correction combined with second revision ACL produces good knee stability and prevents graft rupture. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2015;23:2846-52. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Cite this article as: Burnham JM, Pfeiffer T, Shin JJ, Herbst E, Fu FH. Bony morphologic factors affecting injury risk, rotatory stability, outcomes, and re-tear rate after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Ann Joint 2017;2:44.


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RCREEE signs a new MOU with the Global Women´s Network for the Energy Transition (GWNET)
December 12, 2018: RCREEE and The Global Women´s Network for the Energy Transition signed a new MOU to provide a framework for the advancement of gender equality and empower women in the clean energy sector.
The MOU recognizes the positive impact of stronger women engagement in the clean energy sector and the need of equal participation of women for the adequate development of the clean energy sector and for the energy transition.
Further, it highlights the role of women as agents of change in society, and their contribution to human development, sustainable development, and fighting of climate change.
Over the past years many international intiatives were launched to addres the matter of gender equality with the SDG5 (achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls) and energy supply with the SDG7 (ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all). Specially that, many studies have presented strong evidence on the role of women in ending energy poverty which is vitial in the MENA region.
More details on GWNET: http://www.globalwomennet.org/


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Friday, April 21, 2017
Mommy & Me Graphic Tees
Mother's day is just around the corner and I think these shirts are a great gift idea (hint, hint hubby)! This weekend at Cents of Style you can get these Mommy and Me Graphic T-shirts for starting at $12.65 for littles and only $15.95 for mom when you use code MOM17. Shipping is FREE on this deal! There are several cute styles to choose from.
Sale ends 4/23
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Begin With a Personal Trainer in Lorton, VA
Welcome to DeHenzel Training Systems; we're excited you've stopped by! If you live in Lorton, VA and you're ready to start moving better, feeling better and being better, you've come to the right place.
Aside from in home personal training, we offer a wide variety of other services to fit your individual needs including: weight loss and nutrition, corporate fitness, pre/post natal training, kids/youth training, post rehabilitation training, and boxing.
If you're ready to schedule your complimentary consultation or have any questions, contact us today. Thank you and we look forward to hearing from you!
Home-Based Business of the Year
We are proud and honored to be awarded Home-Based Business of the Year by the Loudoun County Chamber of Commerce. Recognized by our community and peers, this award was presented during the annual 2015 Small Business Awards.
Working With a Personal Trainer in Lorton, VA
Working with a personal trainer in Lorton, VA is highly convenient and effective experience (read all about the benefits here). Our personal trainers bring the workout to the comfort and privacy of your home, workplace gym or local park.
We offer our in home personal training services throughout the community of Lorton, located on the border of the Occoquan River in Fairfax County, as well as neighboring cities such as: Alexandria, Annandale, Burke, Centreville, Fairfax, Springfield and Woodbridge.
There are many wonderful local attractions in Lorton such as the Occoquan Regional Park, which offers boating, trail walking, fields for sports and much more. We also love The Workhouse Arts Center, which is full of amazing art exhibits and local performances.
Contact us today if you're ready to start moving better, feeling better and being better! We would be excited to help you reach your health and fitness goals. Lorton, we're here for you!
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1956 Mercury Hermes Scooterette – the failure that destroyed the Mercury Cycle Company
Please excuse my extended write-up about this scooter. Not only is it a very rare item – and a delightful little machine to look at – but its failure on launch caused the demise of its manufacturer. The story provides an interesting insight into the mid-fifties scooter boom – which resulted in many poorly designed or badly made models being rushed onto the market. Such 'white elephants' are the epitome of collectability half a century later.
The Hermes has so many little touches of originality to share with you that I've probably provided too many photos. Look, for example, at the Mercury name stamped into the brake plate, seen below behind its frame number (number 305 out of a production run of 1201)
The following is extracted from my article about the Mercury Hermes on the Cyclemaster Museum website:
http://www.Cyclemaster.co.uk (Page 57)
The Mercury Cycle Company
Mercury Industries (Birmingham) Ltd. started in 1947. They were based in Stratford Road, Birmingham and manufactured large numbers of bicycles. They subsequently moved to Dudley.
With the start of the 1950s cyclemotor boom, they were commissioned by Cyclemaster Ltd to adapt some of their frames to suit Cyclemaster engines. They also adapted their delivery bicycle, and this was sold as the Cyclemaster Roundsman.
The tie-up with Cyclemaster proved lucrative and, as a result, they appear to have got the 'moped/scooter' bug. It's quite understandable, as just about every manufacturer wanted to cash in on these two new crazes that were revolutionizing transport. However, their next foray into motorized vehicles was not so successful.
…Because, unfortunately, the Mercury Hermes Scooter was a total disaster. Although Mercury tried introducing several more models over the next 3 years in a desperate attempt to recoup losses, by 1958 the company went into liquidation. With such limited production, examples of the Mercury motorcycle, moped or scooters are now very hard to find.
1956 Mercury Hermes Scooter
Here's some photos of my Mercury Hermes scooter. It came from the Combe Martin Motorcycle Museum in North Devon, which closed down some years ago.
Although the German machines used the reliable Sachs engine, when Mercury built the Meister Solo-Roller under license in Great Britain, they used the JLO engine instead.
It was a decision that was to doom the Hermes to failure.
Its pull-start – similar to lawnmowers – was a troublesome device, and because so many of the scooters were returned for repair under the warranty, Mercury sued JLO for £20,000.
Few Mercury Hermes scooters were still on the road by the following year; though mine was first registered by Birmingham County Council in 1958, so I assume it must have remained unsold in a shop somewhere until a gullible customer bought it. Its taxdisc shows an expiry date of 31st December 1959, and the pull-start on the engine is broken, so I assume this one suffered the same fate as the others, and did not last more than a year before it came off the road.
You can read about the history of Mercury Industries Ltd at the online MERCURY CYCLES MUSEUM
Meister Solo Roller
Compare the Hermes with its ancestor, the Meister Solo-Roller, which came on the market in Germany in 1955.
The 1955 Solo Mammut-Roller (below) sported the same 50cc Sachs engine as the Meister.
Below you have a better view of the accessories on offer.
OWNER: BuyVintage Online Auctions
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DELIVERY: is not included in this auction. Our website contains details of recommended delivery services.
United Kingdom – delivery is £70 for a 2-wheeler to most parts of the UK.
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PAYMENT: Paypal is okay for cheap items; otherwise deposit only on paypal please.
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FEEDBACK: I do everything I can to make your purchase a pleasurable experience. But I only leave feedback when someone has taken the trouble to leave it for me.
VEHICLE CONDITION: Vintage vehicles are wonderful beasts – but each has an individual personality and they sometimes have bad days just like you and me.
You will need basic mechanical skills (or a local mechanic) to use one on a regular basis.
2-Stroke engines – and cyclemotors in particular – are notoriously unreliable. Basic servicing is generally required if unused for even a few weeks.
These are rare vehicles whose values are not necessarily based on running order.
Unless an auction description specifically states that the vehicle is running, THE VEHICLE IS SOLD FOR RESTORATION.
If you have any questions about this (or any other vehicle in these BuyVintage Online Auctions),
you can contact Colin in our Customer Service Department between 9am and 7pm daily:
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Solve squatter crisis, urban-planning nightmare
THE EDITOR, Sir:
The recently held 25th anniversary presentation of the Churches' Emancipation Lecture is to be highly commended. Kudos to the pioneers, the Rev Dr Burchell Taylor and the Rev J. Oliver Daley.
The focus of this year's Emancipation Lecture was 'From the Chattel House to the Family Home - property and law after Emancipation'.
For me, one of the most intriguing aspects of the lecture is the view that "property law is not static; it is dynamic and evolving and it should be dialogic". Aside from the implications of such a view on the Property Rights of Spouses Act of 2004, which the lecture explored, my mind raced to a few other issues.
How is such a view of property law to impact the national dialogue on squatting, the redevelopment of downtown Kingston, the development of Heroes Circle, and the implications for the nearby communities, the persistent poor state of housing in downtown Kingston, and those for whom money and morals are no barrier to the temptation to land-grab?
The 2010 census reported that some 31,439 households were identified as squatter units - this amounts to approximately 700,000 Jamaicans, nearly one-third of our people! My hope is that meaningful dialogue will lead us to take decisive and practical actions that will advance our post-Emancipation project as a nation. Without tangible actions, clothed in the fierce urgency of now, it seems our reflection on the lesson and legacy of Emancipation is likely to be more sour than sweet.
O.J. MORRISON (Rev, JP)


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Manufacturer: Steve Edwards at Queen Valley Mule Ranch (View all products by Steve Edwards)
Model: Lite Rider (View all Lite Rider reviews)
Category: Trail Saddles
Purchase: I bought the Lite Rider from Steve several years ago because 1. I own a mule and 2. I injured my back and saddling using my big mule saddle was nearly impossible. I paid about 750 for it. I later purchased a britchen and breast collar from another source because it was cheaper and better quality than Steve was currently stocking.
Likes: My saddle is very comfortable for hours on end and has held up very, very well under some difficult riding conditions. I love how light it is. The tapaderos are especially nice in the brush I frequently ride thru and are much warmer in winter. I also like the idea that my foot could not slide thru it and hang up were I to "come off".
Dislikes: It doesn't fit my mule as well as I would like but then she is not the "classic" mule shape. I move the saddle a little further back than "normal" and she is quite comfortable in it.
Quality: The leather and cordura have both stood up to the rigors of riding in the high desert of Arizona, with our dryness, rugged mountain terrain as well as relatively flat mesas. The cordura shows no wear while the leather is heavily scratched from contact with "cat claw" and mesquite scrub. I've not had any repairs to make.
Summary: Steve is not always easy to work with but he means well and is basically a very honest person. He gets in trouble occasionally because his suppliers are not always providing the quality Steve arranged for and he doesn't check each product when he receives them from his manufacturer. Do write down your agreed upon prices with Steve so that you and he are in complete agreement and you can refer to your notes later on. He really is a nice person just very busy and not well organized for a retail business.
Rating: 4
Author: Cindy
Date: 0000-00-00
Usefulness Rating: 3.26471 out of 5.
34 reader(s) voted.
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Arthur Nursing Home
The Arthur Home, a retirement community in Arthur, IL, has been cited as "much below average" by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services, which funds the facility in part. This rating is due to a number of fines, citations and complaints levied against The Arthur Home in recent years. In many cases, this would call for hiring a professional nursing home negligence lawyer.
Not Making the Grade
When it comes to providing their residents with properly stored, cook and serve food, The Arthur Home has, in the past, failed to deliver. Additionally, The Arthur Home has failed to maintain the confidentiality of each of its residents' personal/medical records, or to hire only staff members without histories of abuse or neglect of their residents.
Nursing home abuse or neglect should never be acceptable when you need care for your loved one. If you suspect mistreatment in a retirement community, don't hesitate to ask for a little help from the experts — call an Illinois nursing home abuse attorney now.
A History of Carelessness
At times, The Arthur Home has displayed negligence when it comes to the safety of its residents. This includes failure to conduct weekly facility inspections or monthly generator checks, and in one noted incident, failing to check the working order of the emergency alarms in each resident's room resulted in a preventable injury. This is in addition to previous complaints against The Arthur Home for not adequately ensuring that its nursing home area is free from accident hazards, with no proper supervision on hand to avoid incidents.
When selecting a nursing home, it is of the upmost importance to make sure the facility is properly monitored and routinely inspected. It could be time to consult a nursing home abuse attorney if you believe this is not the case.
Medicare Fines
When federally funded nursing homes such as The Arthur Home are penalized by Medicare and Medicaid Services for health hazards or abuse, they are subject to a hefty fine and potential action from nursing home negligence attorneys: The Arthur Home has been fined numerous times in the past.
For the latest Medicare ratings for The Arthur Home, click here.
More About The Arthur Home
The Arthur Home currently has 53 certified beds and is partially funded by Medicare and Medicaid.
Contact information:
423 Eberhardt Drive
Arthur, IL 61911
(217) 543-2103
Where to Go from Here
Hopefully, you will never need to deal with abuse or neglect in your loved one's nursing home. But, for those unfortunate occasions where you may suspect mistreatment, there's no one better to trust than the experts — namely, an Illinois nursing home abuse attorney. For a free consultation with Malman Law, just call us today.


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Benefits Of Hiring A Property Management Company
Owning an apartment building can be very difficult at times. There are a variety of stresses and headaches associated with owning rental property. One way that property owners can reduce a great deal of stress is to hire a Property Management company. There are several things that a management company can do for the owner.
High Quality Tenants
When a property owner rents to someone who does not pay rent on time, puts wear and tear on the unit or is a general nuisance to the other people on the property, it can be a hassle to evict them from the building. When the owner hires a Property Management company, the chances of this happening are very slim. The people who work for management companies see thousands of applications each year. They are skilled in being able to find quality applicants and also seeing warning signs in applications. It takes a great deal of experience to be able to see these things.
Knowledge of Landlord/Tenant Laws
Landlord/tenant laws vary from state to state, and they change often. When a property owner hires a management company, they can be sure that they have someone who understands the state and federal laws regarding to:
* Evictions
* Inspections
* Leases
* Security deposits
* Rent collections
* Safety conditions of the property
* Tenant screenings
Shorter Vacancy Times
When a tenant moves out, and the unit is empty, the property owner is losing money every week. Many property owners have jobs and families. Therefore, it can be difficult to find the time to market the unit and give perspective tenants a tour. When the property owner hires a management company, they can be sure that the company is experienced in effectively marketing the unit. They will also be able to take applications and show the unit to tenants, as it is their main focus, unlike the property owner.
Easier Rent Collection
Collecting rent can be a hassle. Often times, tenants have excuses as to why the rent is late, and the property owner must chase the tenant down to get paid. When a property owner hires a management company, they will have someone to do the running around for them, and who can be the bad guy.
If a property owner is looking for a successful management company with a proven track record, they should visit Sitename.
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Then, up the Oise from Conflans St Honorine, the 'home' of the barges & bargees, to Soissons, meeting all sorts of folk, and making friends along the way of various nationalities.
Most places we stopped at we stayed in for 2, or even 3 nights as there are, in general, very few mooring places and we have to do 60 Km or so between them, and we are NOT in a rush. We stopped in Creil, famous for earthenware, and spent the afternoon on a large barge that rarely moves. It is 45m x 5m and has been fitted out by the owners. It is much bigger than most houses. They had a conservatory/garden on deck all very tastefully done, where we sat & had drinks.
Then Saturday night in Compiegne, not so good, as my bike was stolen from the aft deck, locked to the rails with Mike's with a proper bike lock, not just a chain and padlock. M chased them the first time, but they came back an hour or so later around 1.30 and must have had a cutter of some sort, as they were gone with the bike before we could get them. We were just unlucky as to where we were moored. We had a boring run around with the police, then by phone, & on Sunday, when we at last got the correct station after a lot of walking and asking, but they were too busy, they said, (and weren't one bit interested). An Aussie guy had the flag and flagpole stolen from his boat the same night, but nobody else had trouble, and they had bikes etc., too. These things happen everywhere in big towns, not just here, so we try to avoid staying o/night in dubious areas, when possible.
The 'up' side of Compiegne was the chandlery, which is one of the best we've seen anywhere, with loads of varied stock. Mike had a happy time there buying essentials such as fenders, gas for the hob, and a regulator, and then poked around and found various other bits and pieces he's been looking for. We'll be back there again in better weather sometime, and get to see the chateau and forest, favourite hunting ground of the kings of France.


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Earn More With Share Certificates (CDs)
Safe and secure investing is the key to a secure future. You can invest in your credit union's federally insured Share Certificates and enjoy a competitive rate with a term of 6, 12, 24, 36 or 60 months.
Share Certificates are the perfect, no-risk solution when you are looking to diversify your stock portfolio, need additional income today, or want to save for your children's education or your retirement. You can also time a Share Certificate's maturity to coincide with your investment goals.
Ladder Your Certificates To Increase Your Return
You can increase your overall certificate investment return and retain liquidity with a technique called laddering. For example, instead of investing $5,000 in one certificate, invest in 5 separate credit union certificates. Purchase a 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, 4-year, and 5-year certificate.
Each year, roll the certificate that comes due into a new higher yield 5-year certificate. This way, you will have 1/5 of your funds coming due each year. By the fifth year, all of your certificates will be receiving the highest dividend rate.
Consider the Benefits
- Staggering maturity dates ensures that you will always have access to part of your funds within one year.
- The annual maturity dates give you the opportunity to reinvest your savings in higher yield certificates should rates go up.
- You can ladder your maturity dates to match the timing of your financial goals, including college tuition, vacation plans, home improvements and retirement.
Because your credit union accounts are federally insured, Share Certificates offer the benefits of a guaranteed fixed income with no risk to your principal. Call or stop by one of our locations for the complete details. We can help you establish the investment plan that meets your financial goals.
All credit union deposit accounts, including Certificates of Deposit are insured by the NCUSIF* for up to $250,000. There are also steps you can take to have higher insured account balances. We can show you how. Call or stop by the credit union for the details.
Share and IRA CD Rates
|Info and/or Terms
|6 Months ($500 min.)
|12 Months ($1,000.00 min.)
|18 Months ($1,000.00 min.)
|24 Months ($1,000.00 min.)
|36 Months ($1,000.00 min.)
|60 Months ($1,000.00 min.)
* The NCUSIF is the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund . It is a federally insured program governed by the NCUA (National Credit Union Administration).


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Home > JSFA > Vol. 37 > Iss. 1 (2007)
Journal of Student Financial Aid
Article Title
College on Credit: How Borrowers Perceive Their Education Debt
The fourth Nellie Mae survey of student loan borrowers in repayment reveals that education debt burdens remain manageable for most borrowers. A clear majority of those in repayment report that the benefits of the educational opportunities made possible through borrowing are well worth any problems associated with paying off the loans. There are, however, indications that negative attitudes towards education debt are increasing over time. Moreover, borrowers from low-income families are more likely than others to report repayment difficulties, even when controlling for current incomes and debt levels.


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Sarah has been out of sight for a minute and she finally gets a dinner invitation from her husband. It builds up to be a moment they can work on their relationship but her husband resorts to the bad habit of ignoring her. Danny the stranger sitting at the bar notices her loneliness and offers to show her a night of surprises. Collapse
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text: A general category for works created between 1870 and 1900. In Western Art, particularly in France, this period witnessed an incredible amount of artistic activity. Impressionism—one of the most important movements in the history of Modern Art—was arguably the most influential movement of the era, as it sought to capture the transient aspects of visual reality, especially light and color. Also significant during this time were the Post-Impressionist and Symbolist movements.