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Anthony Braxton: 9 Compositions (Iridium) 2006 [disc 6]. 2007. Firehouse 12 Records: FH12-04-03-001.
Composition No. 355 - Dedicated to the multi-instrumentalist/composer Gino Robair
The Anthony Braxton 12+1tet
Anthony Braxton: alto saxtophone, soprano saxophone, sopranino saxophone, clarinet, E-flat contralto clarinet
Mary Halvorson: electric guitar
Nicole Mitchell: flute, alto flute, bass flute, piccolo, voice
Sara Schoenbeck: bassoon, suona
Reut Regev: trombone, flugelbone
Carl Testa: acoustic bass, bass clarinet
James Fei: alto saxophone, soprano saxophone, clarinet, bass clarinet
Andrew Raffo Dewar: soprano saxophone, c-melody saxophone, clarinet
Jay Rozen: tuba, euphonium
Stephen H. Lehman: alto saxophone, sopranino saxophone
Jessica Pavone: viola, violin
Aaron Siegel: percussion, vibraphone
Taylor Ho Bynum: cornet, flugelhorn, trumpbone, piccolo trumpet, bass trumpet, shell
Anthony Braxton is a conceptualist of the highest order. His music makes enormous demands upon the creative musician as well as upon the creative listener. The startling thing is how much this music gives back in return for one's efforts. A fully realized sonic universe that synthesizes a staggering array of ideas and sources. It's the kind of place these ears seek to inhabit. These ghost trance compositions are even more exciting. Each one presenting a 60-minute slice of altered beauty. Composition No. 355 builds upon layers of thematic development realized by one of the finest ensembles Anthony Braxton has ever assembled. Each disc within this box set is both interconnected and self-contained. Shedding new light upon different angles of a singular pocket of this Tricentric universe.
Ludwig van Beethoven: The Symphonies [disc 5]. 1994. The International Music Company: 205299-305.
The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
Symphony No. 7 in A Major (op. 92)
Barry Wordsworth: conductor
Symphony No. 8 in F Major (op. 93)
James Lockhart: conductor
The reason for listening to these works (or any works, for that matter) is to develop one's relationship with the music. To understand and discover the ideas that make this music tick. Somehow, it becomes more challenging to do this with the Beethoven Symphonies because there is already a passing familiarity with them. A false sense of already "knowing" them. It takes a few times through the rotation to develop a fascination with the sequence of materials. Particularly in the seventh and eighth symphonies. There's an infallible sense of form at work well beyond the familiarity (these pieces both will and will not surprise these ears). And the seventh symphony is surprisingly loaded with contrapuntal mischief. It's clear why so many have emulated this material through this medium in the wake of these thunderous works. And the eighth symphony doesn't even begin to foreshadow the devastating impact the ninth would later have.
Ludwig van Beethoven: The Complete Quartets [disc 4]. 1994. Delos: DE 3034.
The Orford String Quartet
Andrew Dawes: violin
Kenneth Perkins: violin
Terence Helmer: viola
Denis Brott: cello
String Quartet in E Minor, Op. 59 No. 2 ("Razumovsky")
String Quartet in F Minor, Op. 95 ("Serioso")
A dip into the middle and late periods of Ludwig van Beethoven's considerable works for string quartet. A body of music that is both rich and not burdened with the excessive familiarity that comes with the fetishized symphonies. Juxtaposed like this, one can trace the creative journey that bridged the Classical and Romantic eras. The "Serioso" quartet hinting mildly at the excesses of Romanticism that would follow a generation or two later. But it is the middle period - and these "Razumovsky" quartets in particular - that hold the greatest fascination for me. The breaking away from the polite regularity of early Classical music's cadence structures and composing a new elasticity into the form. The focus shifts toward the development and Beethoven's uncanny sense of order. This particular performance of the Op. 59 No. 2 positively soars as a transcendent work of art.
Monday, April 11, 2011
HurdAudio Rotation: Ghost Trance Razumovsky
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Cancer survivors frequently suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms as a result of their cancer diagnosis and treatment. The project goal is to conduct a randomized control trial of the Cancer Distress Coach (CDC) app among a national sample of cancer survivors and cancer caregivers. The primary aim is to determine whether CDC usage influences symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and distress. We hypothesize that individuals who are randomized to the treatment arm will have lower PTSD symptom scores than individuals who are randomized to the wait-listed control arm at the end of the four-week intervention period.
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Meghalaya is a state in north-east India. The name means "the abode of clouds" in Sanskrit. As of 2011, the state has a population of 2,964,007 and is the 23rd most populous in the country.The population of Meghalaya as of 2014 is estimated to be 3,211,474. Meghalaya covers an area of approximately 22,430 square kilometers, with a length to breadth ratio of about 3:1.
This state is bounded to the south by the districts of greater Mymensingh and the Division of Sylhet and the west by the Division of Rangpur of the People's Republic of Bangladesh and the north and the east by India's Assam state. The capital is Shillong, known as the "Scotland of the East".Meghalaya was previously part of Assam, but on 21 January 1972, the districts of Khasi, Garo and Jaintia hills became the new state of Meghalaya. English is the official language of Meghalaya. The other principal languages spoken include Khasi, Pnar and Garo. Unlike many Indian states, Meghalaya has historically followed a matrilineal system where the lineage and inheritance are traced through women; the youngest daughter inherits all wealth and she also takes care of her parents.
The state is the wettest region of India, recording an average of 1200 cm of rains a year. About 70% of the state is forested. The Meghalaya subtropical forests ecoregion encompasses the state; its mountain forests are distinct from the lowland tropical forests to the north and south. The forests are notable for their biodiversity of mammals, birds, and plants.
Meghalaya has predominantly an agrarian economy with a significant commercial forestry industry. The important crops are potatoes, rice, maize, pineapples, bananas, papayas, spices, etc. The service sector is made up of real estate and insurance companies. Meghalaya's gross state domestic product for 2012 was estimated at INR16173 crore (US$2.5 billion) in current prices. The state is geologically rich in minerals, but it has no significant industries. The state has about 1,170 kilometers of national highways. It is also a major logistical center for trade with Bangladesh.
Geography and History:
Meghalaya, along with neighboring Indian states, have been of archeological interest. People have lived here since neolithic era. Neolithic sites discovered so far are located in areas of high elevation such as in Khasi Hills, Garo Hills and neighboring states. Here neolithic style jhum or shifting cultivation is practiced even today. The highland plateaus fed by abundant rains provided safety from floods and a rich soil. The importance of Meghalaya is its possible role in human history through domestication of rice. One of the competing theories for the origin of rice, is from Ian Glover, who states, "India is the center of greatest diversity of domesticated rice with over 20,000 identified species and Northeast India is the most favorable single area of the origin of domesticated rice." The limited archeology done in the hills of Meghalaya suggest human settlement since ancient times.
Modern history
Meghalaya was formed by carving out two districts from the state of Assam: the United Khasi Hills and Jaintia Hills, and the Garo Hills on 21 January 1972. Before attaining full statehood, Meghalaya was given semi-autonomous status in 1970.
The Khasi, Garo, and Jaintia tribes had their own kingdoms until they came under British administration in the 19th century. Later, the British incorporated Meghalaya into Assam in 1835. The region enjoyed semi-independent status by virtue of a treaty relationship with the British Crown. When Bengal was partitioned on 16 October 1905 by Lord Curzon, Meghalaya became a part of the new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam. However, when the partition was reversed in 1912, Meghalaya became a part of the province of Assam. On 3 January 1921 in pursuance of Section 52A of the Government of India Act of 1919, the governor-general-in-council declared the areas now in Meghalaya, other than the Khasi states, as "backward tracts." Subsequently, the British administration enacted the Government of India Act of 1935, which regrouped the backward tracts into two categories: "excluded" and "partially excluded" areas.
At the time of Indian independence in 1947, present day Meghalaya constituted two districts of Assam and enjoyed limited autonomy within the state of Assam. A movement for a separate Hill State began in 1960. The Assam Reorganisation (Meghalaya) Act of 1969 accorded an autonomous status to the state of Meghalaya. The Act came into effect on 2 April 1970, and an autonomous state of Meghalaya was born out of Assam. The autonomous state had a 37 member legislature in accordance with the Sixth schedule to the Indian constitution.
In 1971, the Parliament passed the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganization) Act, 1971, which conferred full statehood on the autonomous state of Meghalaya. Meghalaya attained statehood on 21 January 1972, with a Legislative Assembly of its own.
Meghalaya is one of the Seven Sister States of northeast India. The state of Meghalaya is mountainous, with stretches of valley and highland plateaus, and it is geologically rich. It consists mainly of Archean rock formations. These rock formations contain rich deposits of valuable minerals like coal, limestone, uranium and sillimanite.
Meghalaya has many rivers. Most of these are rainfed and seasonal. The important rivers in the Garo Hills region are Daring, Sanda, Bandra, Bhogai, Dareng, Simsang, Nitai and the Bhupai. In the central and eastern sections of the plateau, the important rivers are Umkhri, Digaru, Umiam, Kynchiang (Jadukata), Mawpa, Umiam or Barapani, Myngot and Myntdu. In the southern Khasi Hills region, these rivers have created deep gorges and several beautiful waterfalls.
The elevation of the plateau ranges between 150 m to 1961 m. The central part of the plateau comprising the Khasi Hills has the highest elevations, followed by the eastern section comprising the Jaintia Hills region. The highest point in Meghalaya is Shillong Peak, which is a prominent IAF station in the Khasi Hills overlooking the city of Shillong. It has an altitude of 1961 m. The Garo Hills region in the western section of the plateau is nearly plain. The highest point in the Garo Hills is Nokrek Peak with an altitude of 1515 m.
Culture and Society:
Tribal people make up the majority of Meghalaya's population. The Khasis are the largest group, followed by the Garos then The Jaintias. These were among those known to the British as "hill tribes." Other groups include the Koch, the Biates of Saipung Constuency and Jowai, the related Rajbongshi, the Boro, Hajong, Dimasa, Hmar, Paite, Kuki, Lakhar, Karbi, Rabha and Nepali.
Meghalaya recorded the highest decennial population growth of 27.82% among all the seven north-eastern states, as per the provisional report of census 2011. The population of Meghalaya as of 2011 has been estimated at 2,964,007 of which females comprise 1,492,668 and males 1,471,339. As per the census of India 2011, the sex ratio in the state was 986 females per 1,000 males which was far higher than the national average of 940. The urban female sex ratio of 985 was higher than the rural sex ratio of 972.
Meghalaya is one of three states in India to have a Christian majority. About 70% of the population practices Christianity, with Presbyterians and Catholics the more common denominations. The religion of the people in Meghalaya is closely related to their ethnicity. Close to 90% of the Garo tribe and nearly 80% of the Khasi are Christian, while more than 97% of the Hajong, 98.53% of the Koch tribes are Hindu.
Out of the 689,639 Garo living in Meghalaya, most were Christians as of 2001 Census, 49,917 follow their original religion (Songsarek), 9,129 were Hindu, 8,980 Muslims and 999 were Buddhist. Out of the 1,123,490 Khasi, most were Christians, 202,978 followed the indigenous Niam Khasi/Shnong/Niamtre, 17,641 of the Khasi were Hindu and 2,977 were Muslim. A number of minor tribes live in Meghalaya, including Hajong (31,381 – 97.23% Hindu), Koch (21,381 – 98.53% Hindu), Rabha (28,153 – 94.60% Hindu), Mikir (11,399 – 52% Christian and 30% Hindu), and Kuki-Chin/Zomi (10,085 – 73% Christian and 26% Hindu).
Conversion from Tribal Animist religions to Christianity began in 19th century under the British era. In 1830s, American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society had become active in Northeast to convert Animist tribes to Christianity. Later, they were offered to expand and reach into Cherrapunji Meghalaya, but they lacked the resources to do so and declined. Welsh Presbyterian Mission took the offer and they began work at the Cherrapunji mission field. By early 1900s, other Protestant sects of Christianity were active in Meghalaya. The outbreak of World Wars forced the preachers to return home to Europe and America. It is during this period that Catholicism took root in Meghalaya and neighboring region. In 20th century, Union Christian College started operations at Barapani, Shillong. Currently, Presbyterians and Catholics are two most common Christian sects found in Meghalaya.
English is the official and widely spoken language of the state. The other principal languages in Meghalaya are Khasi and Garo.
Khasi (also spelled Khasia, Khassee, Cossyah and Kyi) is a branch of the Mon–Khmer family of the Austroasiatic stock and according to 2001 census, Khasi is spoken by about 1,128,575 people residing in Meghalaya. Many words in the Khasi language have been borrowed from Indo-Aryan languages such as Nepali, Bengali and Assamese. Moreover, the Khasi language originally had no script of its own. The Khasi language is one of the very few surviving Mon–Khmer languages in India today.
The Garo language has a close affinity with the Koch and Bodo languages. Garo, spoken by the majority of the population, is spoken in many dialects such as Abeng or Ambeng, Atong, Akawe (or Awe), Matchi Dual, Chibok, Chisak Megam or Lyngngam, Ruga, Gara-Ganching and Matabeng.
Several other languages are spoken in Meghalaya. For example, Pnar language is spoken by many people of the Jaintia Hills. The language is related to the Khasi language. The Pnar, or Jaintia, language is spoken, along with Khasi, by the Khynriam, Bhoi, Pnar and War tribal groups. Another example is the Biate language spoken by many people of the Saipung ConstituencyJaintia Hills. The language is closely related to the Biate of Dima Hasao, Assam. Nepali is found in almost all parts of the state.
English is spoken as a common language across the diverse ethnic and demographic groups. In urban centres most of the people can speak English; rural residents vary in their ability.
The main tribes in Meghalaya are the Khasis, the Garos, and the Jaintias. Each tribe has its own culture, traditions, dress and language.
Social institutions
The majority of population and the major tribal groups in Meghalaya follow a matrilineal system where lineage and inheritance are traced through women. The youngest daughter inherits all the property and she is the caretaker of aged parents and any unmarried siblings. In some cases, such as when there is no daughter in the family or other reasons, the parents may nominate another girl such as a daughter in law as the heir of house and all other property they may own.
The Khasi and Jaintia tribesmen follow the traditional matrilineal norm, wherein the Khun Khaddu (or the youngest daughter) inherits all the property and responsibilities for the family. However, the male line, particularly the mother's brother, may indirectly control the ancestral property since he may be involved in important decisions relating to property including its sale and disposal. In case a family has no daughters, the Khasi and Jaintia (also called Syntengs) have the custom of ia rap iing, where the family adopts a girl from another family, perform religious ceremonies with the community, and she then becomes ka trai iing (head of the house).
In the Garo lineage system, the youngest daughter inherits the family property by default, unless another daughter is so named by the parents. She then becomes designated as nokna meaning 'for the house or home'. If there are no daughters, a chosen daughter-in-law (bohari) or an adopted child (deragata) comes to stay in the house and inherit the property.
Meghalaya has one of the world's largest surviving matrilineal culture.
Traditional political institutions
All the three major ethnic tribal groups, namely, the Khasis, Jaintias and the Garos also have their own traditional political institutions that have existed for hundreds of years. These political institutions were fairly well developed and functioned at various tiers, such as the village level, clan level and state level.
In the traditional political system of the Khasis, each clan had its own council known as the Durbar Kur which was presided over by the clan headman. The council or the Durbar managed the internal affairs of the clan. Similarly, every village had a local assembly known as the Durbar Shnong, i.e. village Durbar or council, which was presided over by the village headman. The inter-village issues were dealt with through a political unit comprising adjacent Khasi Villages. The local political units were known as the raids, under by the supreme political authority known as the Siemship. The Syiemship was the congregation of several raids and was headed an elected chief known as the Syiem or Siem (the king). The Siem ruled the Khasi state through the an elected State Assembly, known as the Durbar Hima. The Siem also had his mantris (ministers) whose counsel he would use in exercising executive responsibilities. Taxes were called pynsuk, and tolls were called khrong, the latter being the primary source of state income. In early 20th century, Raja Dakhor Singh was the Siem of Khymir.
The Jaintias also had a three tier political system somewhat similar to the Khasis, including the Raids and the Syiem. The raids were headed by Dolois, who were responsible for performing the executive and ceremonial functions at the Raid level. At the lowest level were the village headmen. Each administrative tier had its own elected councils or durbars.
In the traditional political system of the Garos a group of Garo villages comprised the A·king. The A·king functioned under the supervision of the Nokmas, which was perhaps the only political and administrative authority in the political institution of the Garos. The Nokma performed both judicial and legislative functions. The Nokmas also congregated to address inter-A·king issues. There were no well-organized councils or durbars among the Garos.
Dance is central to the culture of Khasi life, and a part of the rites of passage. Dances are performed in Shnong (village), a Raid (group of villages), and a Hima (conglomeration of Raids). Some festivals includes Ka Shad Suk Mynsiem, Ka Pom-Blang Nongkrem, Ka-Shad Shyngwiang-Thangiap, Ka-Shad-Kynjoh Khaskain, Ka Bam Khana Shnong, Umsan Nongkharai, Shad Beh Sier.
Festivals of the Jaintia Hills, like others, is integral to the culture of people of Jaintia Hills. It celebrates nature, balance and solidarity among its people. Festivals of Jaintias includes Behdienkhlam, Laho Dance, Sowing Ritual Ceremony.
For Garos, festivals sustain their cultural heritage. They were often dedicated to religious events, nature and seasons as well as community events such as stages of jhum cultivation. The main festivals of Garos are Den Bilsia, Wangala, Rongchu gala, Mi Amua, Mangona, Grengdik BaA, Jamang Sia, Ja Megapa, Sa Sat Ra Chaka, Ajeaor Ahaoea, Dore Rata Dance, Chambil Mesara, Do'KruSua, Saram Cha'A, A Se Mania or Tata which celebrated .
Hajongs follow Hindu rites and customs. Every Hajong family has a temple for worship called 'Deo Ghor' and they offer prayers in the morning and evening. Hajongs live in groups and the area of a group is called a 'Para' or 'Gaon'. A Hajong village is like an autonomous Kingdom. Every Hajong man compulsory to takes membership of a 'Gaon.' Hajong men wear bhiza gamsa and women wear Ranga Pathin and Phula Aargon, a standard size piece of cloth, with broad and medium borders with a typical color combination(with red is the main colour). Hajong Folk Dance/Folk Music: Liwa-Tana | Chorkhila | Thubâ-Maga | Gupini Gahen | Kâtkâ Gahen | Puilâ Gusa/Ruwa-Laga Gahen | Gitlu Gahen
In southern Meghalaya, located in Mawsynram, is the Mawjymbuin cave. Here a massive stalagmite has been shaped by nature into a Shivalinga. According to legend, from the 13th century, this Shivalinga (called Hatakeswarat) has existed in the Jaintia Hills under the reign of Ranee Singa. Tens of thousands of the Jaintia tribe members participate over the Hindu festival of Shivratri (Night of Lord Shiva) every year.
Business and Commerce:
Meghalaya is predominantly an agrarian economy. Agriculture and allied activities engage nearly two-thirds of the total work force in Meghalaya. However, the contribution of this sector to the State's NSDP is only about one-third. Agriculture in the state is characterised by low productivity and unsustainable farm practices. Despite the large percentage of population engaged in agriculture, the state imports food from other Indian states.Infrastructural constraints have also prevented the economy of the state from creating high income jobs at a pace commensurate with that of the rest of India.
Meghalaya's gross state domestic product for 2012 was estimated at INR16173 crore (US$2.5 billion) in current prices.As of 2012, according to the Reserve Bank of India, about 12% of total state population is below poverty line, with 12.5% of the rural Meghalaya population is below the poverty line; while in urban areas, 9.3% are below the poverty line.
Meghalaya is basically an agricultural state with about 80% of its population depending entirely on agriculture for their livelihood. Nearly 10% of the geographical area of Meghalaya is under cultivation. Agriculture in the state is characterized by limited use of modern techniques, low yields and low productivity. As a result, despite the vast majority of the population being engaged in agriculture, the contribution of agricultural production to the state's GDP is low, and most of the population engaged in agriculture remain poor. A portion of the cultivated area is under the traditional shifting agriculture known locally as Jhum cultivation.
Meghalaya produced 230,000 tonnes of food grains in 2001. Rice is the dominant food grain crop accounting for over 80% of the food grain production in the state. Other important food grain crops are maize, wheat and a few other cereals and pulses. Besides these, potato, ginger, turmeric, black pepper, areca nut, tezpatta, betelvine, short-staple cotton, jute, mesta, mustard and rapeseed etc. are some of the important cash crops. Besides the major food crops of rice and maize, the state is renowned for its horticultural crops like orange, lemon, pineapple, guava, litchi, banana, jack fruits and fruits such as plum, pear and peach.
Grains and staples production covers about 60% of the land area dedicated to crops. With the introduction of different crops of high yielding varieties in the mid-1970s, remarkable increase in food grain production has been made. A major break through was achieved when high yielding varieties of paddy such as Masuri, Pankaj IR 8, RCPL and other improved varieties series – especially IR 36 which is suitable for Rabi season – allowing three crops to be grown every year. Another milestone was reached when Megha I and Megha II, which are cold tolerant rice varieties developed by the ICAR North East Region at Umroi near Shillong, was released in 1991–92 for the higher altitude regions where there was no high yielding rice varieties earlier. Today the state can claim that about 42% area under paddy have been covered with high yielding varieties with the average productivity of 2300 kg/ha. As is the case with maize and wheat where the productivity have increased tremendously with the introduction of HYV from 534 kg/ha during 1971–72 to 1218 kg/ha of maize and from 611 kg/ha to 1490 kg/ha of wheat.
Oilseeds such as rapeseed, mustard, linseed, soybean, castor and sesame are grown on nearly 100 km2. Rape and mustard are the most important oilseeds accounting for well over two-thirds of the oilseed production of nearly 6.5 thousand tonnes. Fibre crops such as cotton, jute and mesta are among the only cash crops in Meghalaya, grown in Garo Hills. These have been losing popularity in recent years as indicated by their declining yield and area under cultivation.
Climatic conditions in Meghalaya permit a large variety of horticulture crops including fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices, mushrooms and medicinal plants.These are considered to be higher value crops, but home food security concerns have prevented farmers at large from embracing them. The important fruits grown include citrus fruits, pineapples, papayas, and bananas. In addition to this, a large variety of vegetables are grown in the state, including cauliflower, cabbages and radishes.
Areca nut plantations can be seen all over the state, especially around the road from Guwahati to Shillong. Other plantation crops like tea, coffee and cashews have been introduced lately and are becoming popular. A large variety of spices, flowers, medicinal plants and mushrooms are grown in the state.
Meghalaya has a rich base of natural resources. These include minerals such as coal, limestone, sillimanite, Kaolin and granite among others. Meghalaya has a large forest cover, rich biodiversity and numerous water bodies. The low level of industrialisation and the relatively poor infrastructure base acts as an impediment to the exploitation of these natural resources in the interest of the state's economy. In recent years two large cement manufacturing plants with production capacity more than 900 MTD have come up in Jaintia Hills district and several more are in pipeline to use the rich deposit of very high quality limestone available in this district.
Electricity infrastructure
Meghalaya with its high mountains, deep gorges and abundant rains has a large, unused hydroelectric potential. The assessed generation capacity exceeds 3000 MW. The current installed capacity in the state is 185 MW, but the state itself consumes 610 MW. In other words, it imports electricity. The economic growth of the state suggests rising demand for electricity. The state has the potential to export net hydroelectric-generated electricity and earn income for its internal development plans. The state also has large deposits of coal, thus being a candidate for thermal power plants.
Several projects are under works. The proposed Garo Hills thermal project at Nangalbibra is expected to generate an additional 750 MW of power. There is a proposal for setting up a 250 MW thermal power plant in West Khasi Hills. The State Government aims to increase its power generation output by about 2000-2500 MW, of which 700-980 MW will be thermal based while 1400-1520 MW will be hydro electricity. The State Government has outlined a cost-shared public-private partnership model to accelerate private sector investments in its power sector. The generation transmission, transformation and distribution of electricity is entrusted to the Meghalaya Energy Corporation Limited which was constituted under the Electricity Supply Act, 1948. At present there are five hydel power stations and one mini hydel including Umiam Hydel Project, Umtrew Hydel Project, Myntdu-Leshka-I Hydel Project and the Sunapani Micro Hydel (SESU) Project.
For the 12th five-year plan of India, there is a proposal to set up more hydel power projects in the state: Kynshi (450MW), Umngi −1 (54MW), Umiam-Umtru -V (36MW), Ganol (25MW), Mawphu (120MW), Nongkolait (120MW), Nongnaw (50MW), Rangmaw (65MW), Umngot (260MW), Umduna (57MW), Myntdu-Leshka-II (60MW), Selim (170MW) and Mawblei (140MW). Of these, Jaypee Group has committed itself to building the Kynshi and Umngot projects in Khasi hills.
Education infrastructure
Meghalaya has a literacy rate of 62.56 as per the 2001 census and is the 27th most literate state in India. This increased to 75.5 in 2011. As of 2006, the state had 5851 primary schools, 1759 middle schools, and 655 higher secondary schools respectively. In 2008, 518,000 students were enrolled in its primary schools, and 232,000 in upper primary schools. The state monitors its school for quality, access, infrastructure and teachers training.
Institution for higher studies like Indian Institute of Management, the University of Technology and Management which is in Shillong is the first Indian university to introduce cloud computing engineering as a field of study, in collaboration with IBM and the University of Petroleum and Energy Studies. Shillong is one of the top ranked management institutes in the country.
Health infrastructure
The state has 13 state government dispensaries, 22 community health centres, 93 primary health centres, 408 sub-centres. There were 378 doctors, 81 pharmacists, 337 staff nurses and 77 lab technicians as of 2012. A special program has been launched by the state government for the treatment of tuberculosis, leprosy, cancer and mental diseases. Though there has been a steady decline in the death rate, improvement in life expectancy and an increase in health infrastructure, about 42.3% of the state's population is still uncovered by health care, according to the status paper prepared by the Health Department. There are numerous hospitals being set up, both private and government, some of them are Civil Hospital, Ganesh Das Hospital, K J P Synod Hospital, NEIGRIHMS, North Eastern Institute of Ayurveda & Homoeopathy (NEIAH), R P Chest Hospital, Wood Land Hospital, Nazareth Hospital, Christian Hospital etc.
The partition of the country in 1947 created severe infrastructural constraints for the Northeastern region, with merely 2% of the perimeter of the region adjoining the rest of the country. A narrow strip of land, often called the Siliguri Corridor or the Chicken's Neck, connects the region with the state of West Bengal. Meghalaya is a landlocked state with a large number of small settlements in remote areas. Road is the only means of transport. While the capital Shillong is relatively well connected, road connectivity in most other parts is relatively poor. A significant portion of the roads in the state are still unpaved. Most of the arrivals into the Meghalaya take place through Guwahati in neighbouring Assam, which is nearly 103 km away. Assam has a major railhead as well as an airport with regular train and air services to the rest of the country.
When Meghalaya was carved out of Assam as an autonomous state in 1972, it inherited a total road length of 2786.68 km including 174 km of National Highways with road density of 12.42 km per 100 square kilometre. By 2004, total road length has reached up to 9,350 km out of which 5,857 km were surfaced. The road density had increased to 41.69 km per 100 square kilometre by March 2011. However, Meghalaya is still far below the national average of 75 km per 100 km2. In order to provide better services to the people of the state, the Meghalaya Public Works Department is taking steps for improvement and up-gradation of the existing roads and bridges in phased manner.
Road Network
Meghalaya has a road network of around 7,633 km, out of which 3,691 km is black topped and remaining 3942 km is gravelled. Meghalaya is also connected to Silchar in Assam, Aizawl in Mizoram and Agartala in Tripura through National Highways. There are many private buses and taxi operators who carry passengers from Guwahati to Shillong. The journey takes around 3–4 hours. Day and night bus services are available from Shillong to all major towns of Meghalaya and also other capitals and important towns of Assam and north-eastern States.
Meghalaya has a railhead at Mendipathar and regular train service connecting Mendipathar in Meghalaya and Guwahati in Assam, has started on November 30, 2014.The Cherra Companyganj State Railways was a former mountain railway through the state.Guwahati (103 km from Shillong) is the nearest major railway station connecting the north-east region with the rest of the country through a broad gauge track network. There is a plan for extending the rail link from Guwahati to Byrnihat (20 km from Guwahati) within Meghalaya and further extending it up to state capital Shillong.
State capital Shillong has an airport at Umroi 30 km from Shillong on the Guwahati-Shillong highway. A new terminal building was built at a cost of Rs.30 crore and inaugurated in June 2011. Air India Regional operates flights to Kolkata from this airport. There is also a helicopter service connecting Shillong to Guwahati and Tura. Baljek Airport near Tura became operational in 2008.The Airports Authority of India (AAI) is developing the airport for operation of ATR 42/ATR 72 type of aircraft.
Other nearby airports are in Assam, with Borjhar, Guwahati airport (IATA: GAU), about 124 km from Shillong. Indian Airlines, Jet Airlines and Sahara Airlines connect Guwahati to Delhi and Calcutta. Air India has flights connecting Guwahati – Bangkok.
Earlier, foreign tourists required special permits to enter the areas that now constitute the state of Meghalaya. However, the restrictions were removed in 1955. Meghalaya is compared to Scotland for its highlands, fog and scenery.Meghalaya has some of the thickest primary forests in the country and therefore constitutes one of the most important ecotourism circuits in India. The Meghalayan subtropical forests support a vast variety of flora and fauna. Meghalaya has 2 National Parks and 3 Wildlife Sanctuaries.
Meghalaya also offers many adventure tourism opportunities in the form of mountaineering, rock climbing, trekking and hiking, caving (spelunking) and water sports. The state offers several trekking routes, some of which also afford an opportunity to encounter rare animals. The Umiam Lake has a water sports complex with facilities such as rowboats, paddleboats, sailing boats, cruise-boats, water-scooters and speedboats.
Cherrapunji is one of the popular tourist locations in north-east of India. The town is well known and has guided tours of Tree Root Bridges. It lies to the south of the capital Shillong. A rather scenic 50 kilometre long road connects Cherrapunji with Shillong.
Waterfalls and rivers
The popular waterfalls in the state are the Elephant Falls, Shadthum Falls, Weinia falls, Bishop Falls, Nohkalikai Falls, Langshiang Falls and Sweet Falls. The hot springs at Jakrem near Mawsynram are believed to have curative and medicinal properties.
Nongkhnum Island located in the West Khasi Hills district is the biggest river island in Meghalaya and the second biggest in Asia. It is 14 kilometres from Nongstoin. The island is formed by the bifurcation of Kynshi River into the Phanliang River and the Namliang River. Adjacent to the sandy beach the Phanliang River forms a very beautiful lake. The river then moves along and before reaching a deep gorge, forms a pretty waterfall about 60 meters high called Shadthum Fall.
Sacred groves
Meghalaya is also known for its "sacred groves". They are small or large areas of forests or natural vegetation that are usually dedicated to local folk deities or tree spirits or some religious symbolism over many generations, often since ancient times. These spaces are found all over India, are protected by local communities, and in some cases the locals would neither touch leaves or fruits or in other ways damage the forest, flora or fauna taking refuge in them. This guardianship creates a sacred area where nature and wildlife thrive. The Mawphlang sacred forest, also known as "Law Lyngdoh," is one of the most famous sacred forests in Meghalaya. It's located about 25 kilometres from Shillong. It's a scenic nature destination.
Rural areas
Meghalaya rural life and villages offer a glimpse in northeast mountain life. The Mawlynnong village located near the India-Bangladesh border is one such village. It has been featured by travel magazine Discover India. The village is geared for tourism and has a Living Root Bridges, hiking trails and rock formations.
Meghalaya also has many natural and manmade lakes. The Umiam Lake (popularly known as Bara Pani meaning Big water) on the Guwahati-Shillong road is a major tourism attraction for tourist. Meghalaya has several parks; Thangkharang Park, the Eco-park, the Botanical Garden and Lady Hydari Park to name a few. Dawki, which is located at about 96 Kilometres from Shillong is the gateway to Bangladesh and affords a scenic view of some of the tallest mountain ranges in Meghalaya and the Bangladesh border lands.
Balpakram National Park with its pristine habitat and scenery is a major attraction. The Nokrek National Park, also in Garo Hills has its own charm with lot of wildlife.
Meghalaya has an estimated 500 natural limestone and sandstone caves spread over the entire state including most of the longest and deepest caves in the sub-continent. Krem Liat Prah is the longest cave, and Synrang Pamiang is the deepest cave. Both are located in the Jaintia Hills. Cavers from United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Ireland and the United States have been visiting Meghalaya for over a decade exploring these caves. Not many of these have however been developed or promoted adequately for major tourist destinations.
Other important places of tourism interest Meghalaya include:
64 km from Shillong, a potential health resort having gushing hot-spring of sulphur water, believed to have curative medicinal properties.
140 km from Shillong, a place of scenic beauty. Ranikor is one of Meghalaya's most popular spots for angling, with an abundance of carp and other fresh water fish.
96 km from Shillong, is a border town, where one can have a glimpse of the neighbouring country of Bangladesh. The colourful annual boat race during spring at the Umngot river is an added attraction.
Kshaid Dain Thlen Falls:
Located near Sohra, meaning the falls where the mythical monster of Khasi legend was finally butchered. The axe-marks made on the rocks where Thlen was butchered are stillintact and visible..
Diengiei Peak:
Located to the west of the Shillong plateau, Diengiei Peak is just 200 feet lower than Shillong peak. On the top of Diengiei, there is a huge hollow, shaped like a cup, believed to be the crater of an extinct pre-historic volcano.
A beautiful pool with wide, rocky sand banks located on a stream alongside the Umroi-Bhoilymbong Road is known as Dwarksuid or Devil's doorway.
Kyllang Rock:
Located about 11 kilometres off Mairang, is a several million years old steep dome of red granite rising to an elevation of about 5400 feet above sea level.
Sacred Forest Mawphlang:
One of the most celebrated sacred-groves of the State is the grove at Mawphlang about 25 kilometres off Shillong. Preserved since time immemorial, these sacred groveshave wide range of flora, thick cushion of humus on the grounds accumulated over the centuries, and trees heavily loaded with epiphytic growth of aroids, pipers, ferns, fern-allies and orchids.
Major issues of state:
The significant issues in the state include illegal migrants from Bangladesh, incidences of violence, political instability and deforestation from traditional cut-and-burn shift farming practices.
Illegal immigration
Illegal immigration has become a major issue in Indian states that surround Bangladesh – West Bengal to the west, Meghalaya and Assam to the north, and Tripura, Mizoram and Manipur to the east. Millions of Bangladeshis have poured into India as Indian economy has prospered. The influx of Bangladeshi people is stated to be an effort to escape violence, to escape poverty or to escape religious persecution of Hindus in an overwhelmingly Islamic Bangladesh. In Meghalaya, dozens of political and civic groups have demanded that this migration be stopped or controlled to manageable levels.The border between Meghalaya and Bangladesh is about 440 kilometers long, of which some 350 is fenced; but the border is not continuously patrolled and is porous. Efforts are underway to fence it completely and introduce means to issue ID cards.
Chief Minister Mukul Sangma, in August 2012, called upon Government of India to take corrective measures to stop the illegal immigration of Bangladeshis into the northeast of the country before the situation goes out of hand.
Between 2006 to 2013, between 0 to 28 civilians have died per year in Meghalaya (or about 0 to 1 per 100,000 people), which the state authorities have classified as terror-related intentional violence.The world's average annual death rate from intentional violence, in recent years, has been 7.9 per 100,000 people.The terror-related deaths are from conflicts primarily between different tribal groups and against migrants from Bangladesh. Along with political resolution and dialogue, various Christian organizations have taken the initiative to prevent violence and help the process of discussion between groups.
Political Instability
The state has had 23 state governments since its inception in 1972 with a median life span of less than 18 months. Only three governments have survived more than three years. Political instability has affected the state's economy in the past.Over recent years, there has been increasing political stability. The last state assembly elections were held in 2013, after a 5 year government that was elected in 2008.
Jhum farming
Jhum farming, or cut-and-burn shift cultivation, is an ancient practice in Meghalaya.It is culturally engrained through folklores. One legend states the god of wind with the god of hail and storm shook off seeds from the celestial tree, which were picked up and sown by a bird known as do' amik. These were the seeds of rice. The god gave the human beings some of those celestial seeds, provided instruction on shift agriculture and proper rice cultivation practice, with the demand that at every harvest a portion of the first harvest must be dedicated to him. Another folktale is from the Garo Hills of Meghalaya where a man named Bone-Neripa-Jane-Nitepa harvested rice and millet from a patch of land he cleared and cultivated near the rock named misi-Kokdok. He then shared this knowledge with others, and named the different months of the year, each of which is a stage of shifting cultivation.
In modern times, shift cultivation is a significant threat to the biodiversity of Meghalaya. A 2001 satellite imaging study showed that shift cultivation practice continues and patches of primary dense forests are lost even from areas protected as biosphere. Jhum farming is a threat not only for natural biodiversity, it is also a low yield unproductive method of agriculture. It is a significant issue in Meghalaya, given majority of its people rely on agriculture to make a living.Shift farming is a practice that is not unique to northeastern Indian states such as Meghalaya, but the issue is found throughout southeast Asia.
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UK energy giants have been warned to sort out problems in the gas and electricity markets or face a competition investigation.
A study by regulator Ofgem ? started after all the major firms increased prices together earlier in the year ? found problems leading to some customers "missing out on the full benefits of competition".
However, no evidence of collusion over prices was found ? with Ofgem studying emails and communications from the big six energy firms.
Problems were particularly raised for the 4.3 million customers without a gas supply, who cannot access the best energy deals on the market.
Ofgem is calling for measures to ban unfair price differences, including differences between payment methods such as higher prices paid by prepayment meter or standard credit customers, compared to those paying by direct debit.
The average bill difference between pre-payment meter and direct debit energy customer stood at £125 at the beginning of 2008, compared to £80 at the beginning of 2005.
Quarterly bill customers now pay £80 more than direct debit customers.
Around 12 per cent of all households pay for at least one fuel by a prepayment meter ? but this rises to 37 per cent of those in social housings and 25 per cent in the DE social group.
Ofgem chief executive Alistair Buchanan said: "These are hard times and we are taking a hard line on behalf of disadvantaged consumers.
"We accept that global influences are pushing up costs but the suppliers must change their behaviour and cement consumer confidence."
He added: "Initial findings from our energy market probe give us grounds to demand that companies end practices that hinder customers, especially the vulnerable, from getting the best deal. But we have found no evidence of a cartel."
Mr Buchanan also warned if firms failed to improve their practices Ofgem would refer them to the Competition Commission, which could establish new regulations for the energy industry to protect consumers.
The regulator is also pushing for tougher rules on doorstop selling of energy deals and requirements for energy firms to provide information to help consumers to get the best deal.
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Carnal Garden comes from Greece and is a 2-piece death metal that recently released an EP entitled "On The Final Day". This 4-song release wastes little time before providing an uncompromisingly brutal sound, with the primary influence appearing to be Obituary. Both the wild, uncontrollable vocals, and the ability of the band to bust out mid-paced grooves that defy heaviness bring back images of John Tardy and company. The first song, "Through Darkness and Dust" is the only one that offers something a bit different; atop the typical death metal sounds is what sounds like a clean guitar providing the melody of the song. While its uniqueness is appreciated, sometimes it is just best to smash some skulls with your music.
After this point, it's just one groovy track after another. There are moments of extreme speed, but often times it is just the drums picking up the pace a bit (usually through more double bass usage) rather than major tempo changes. Another good comparison would be to Bolt Thrower, who can also deliver a mean groove. Regardless, if you've got a lot of hair, it would be put to good use swinging around listening to this, as the rocking nature of these tracks is perfect for headbanging. In the context of an entire album, this style might wear thin, but with only 4 tracks, it does not overstay its welcome. There are also a couple of samples used throughout the EP, and they do a great job of enhancing the somewhat hopeless, dreary tone of the record.
"On The Final Day" is a pretty well put together release. The production suits the somewhat sludgy atmosphere, as it is very bass-heavy, and not perfectly clear. This sound is a refreshing change from the legions of Inclonetation bands around these days, as there are not too many that worship at the altar of Obituary. For this reason, Carnal Garden's "On The Final Day" is a worthy release for fans of old-school Floridian death metal.
Be sure to check out and like Carnal Garden on Facebook!
All of it
Final Rating
3.75/5 or 75%.
Written by Scott


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Mount Tabwemasana is the highest mountain in Vanuatu. Located in west coast Espiritu Santo, it highs 1878 meters. With that height, it is considered as one of the mountains highest in Pacific.
Tabwemasana is derived from local language that means mountain with 2 peaks & folk lore. It is believed that the 2 peaks are male & female and they embrace each other in the night. Besides its myth, this mountain becomes one of the most favorite places for climbers around the world. However, it will take about 3 or 4 days to climb it.
When Should You Go?
Vanuatu is a country that has consistent temperatures all the year. But you have to know the best time to climb mountain Tabwemasana. The best time is in the cooler months. It happens from June to August. In the wet season from November to April, it seems impossible because the river cannot be passed. Besides that, you also cannot track up this mountain.
The Access of Climbing
In the first day, you start going from Luganville to Tasariki with a truck. After that, you will ride a boat to the coast to Kerepua. It may take around 3 hours. In Tasariki, you can find some foods and items to but such as sugar, salt, etc. You should buy what you need there.
In the second day, you should ride a boat from Tasariki to Kerepua. There is no alternative way except riding the boat. You will need to pay 1,500 vuv (Vanuatu's currency) for the guide per day. Besides that, you will also need to pay 1,000 vuv to reach the summit. You can also skip the summit and you do not need to pay for it.
After arriving, it is time to climb. You still need a guide for it and the cost is same. It will take around 5 hours from Kerepua to the campsite. You can do anything you want to feel fun but you should follow the rules there. In the night, you can enjoy the peaceful night there in the campsite. You can eatthe foods you bring or cook with the equipment you have.
Mount Tabwemasana track has not finished yet. In the morning, you should go to the summit. It will take around 5.5 hours. In this climbing trip, you have to make sure that you bring enough water and foods so that you will not be starving and thirsty. In the summit, you can see the beautiful view including the valley. Do not forget to take pictures so that your trip will be memorable and unforgettable.
You can take a rest for a while before going back. After your tiredness goes away, you can go back, accompanied by the guide. Do not forget to come to rest if you feel tired. Before you go home or back to your country, you can go to other places near this mountain. You can also purchase some gifts from the local stores. It is an amazing 4-day trip.
Mount Tabwemasana is the highest mountain in Pasific. Located in west coast Espiritu Santo (Sanma Province), it highs 1878 meters (6161 feet).


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The UK just turned its back on unity and voted to leave the EU. Markets are roiling.
Now for some good news.
On Thursday, the Organization of American States for the first time handed down a ferocious indictment of Venezuela's Socialist regime, led by President Nicolas Maduro, in a passionate speech made by Secretary General Luis Almagro:
"The Permanent Council should also take the necessary steps to address the unprecedented and unnecessary humanitarian crisis in Venezuela. The Council should express itself clearly on the political prisoners and the persistent reports of torture. The Council should support the will of the Venezuelan people in their call for a recall referendum. It's in accordance with these principles that we must or not act. As Desmond Tutu said, 'If you are neutral in situations of injustice, you have chosen the side of the oppressor.' Democracy is the government of the people."
He went on to list a litany of atrocities the government has committed against its own people — things we already know.
We know that that Venezuelans are being denied their right to hold a referendum on the presidency. We know they are starving. We know the press is being tightly controlled or persecuted. We know that politicians who fought for democracy on the streets are now rotting in jail cells.
And that's hardly the half of it.
What we also know is that the OAS has never, within its own chamber, blamed Maduro's government for Venezuela's economic and political disaster.
"These challenges cannot be blamed on external forces. The situation facing Venezuela today is the direct result of the actions of those currently in power," Almagro said.
Of all of Almagro's indictments, this one was perhaps the cruelest:
"On April 5, 2016, the National Assembly introduced special legislation to 'address the humanitarian health crisis.'
"This law would allow much needed international humanitarian assistance into the country. On June 9, the Supreme Court ruled the law unconstitutional."
The Venezuelan people suffer immensely, and their government has actively worked against their relief.
The pink tide is receding
Perhaps you're thinking "When was the last time this toothless group of mostly Latin American nations did anything for anyone?"
That's not the way to think about this.
The way to think of this is to realize that this is the end of the pink tide's grip over all politics in Latin America. The pink tide is the wave of socialist and left-leaning politicians who rose to power in the region, starting with the late Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez in the 1990s.
After that, Brazil, Ecuador, Argentina, Bolivia, and a host of other countries moved to the left. The OAS was a party to this. The left held the body in its grip. And while Chavez was alive, and after that, while left-leaning Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner was president of Argentina, it seemed that the body would never stand up for the rights of Venezuelans and try to stop their unimaginable suffering.
Until Thursday.
Almagro suggested the OAS put together a "group of friends" to "help it back on the path to democracy." In all honesty it sounded like the group of friends that stages an intervention for their drug-addicted loved one.
Except the Venezuelan regime is addicted to power, violence, terror, and a failed ideology.
At the end of the speech, Almagro outlined what this group of friends would be doing. It looked a lot like a list of demands the Venezuelan opposition might make, including a referendum before the end of year, the acceptance of international aid, and the creation of a "truth commission" to sort out differences between the regime and its detractors.
"Democracy has no borders," he said. "Democracy is more than an election; it is about freedom. Freedom of expression, association, assembly. It is an empowered citizenry. An independent judiciary. A security apparatus that is trusted by and accountable to the people. It is the legitimate exercise of power, within the rule of law. Democratic governments have a responsibility to their citizens."
I guess we'll have to keep reminding people until it sticks — until the end of time.


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No doubt you will have heard of the death of the former "UK page three" topless model Anna Smith last week, pictured right with Howard Stern, one of three male companions who claim paternity of her son. Anna's death is being blamed, allegedly, on a drugs overdose, although this has not been officially confirmed as yet.
What I find disturbing about all this is the way the Media and Solicitors have pounced upon this news. Within hours of her death the media are setting up "ratings attracting" programmes, such as the two aired by Fox News and NBC, with fox seeing a 400,000 increase in viewers. Similarly, the Internet was immediately flooded with articles for sale and videos ostensibly of the actions of paramedics at the scene of here death. Then followed the legal fight over her estate, particular her house where, subsequent to her death, the locks have been changed twice by parties that feel their client has a right to the property. Most distasteful of all is the fight over her son, with three men claiming paternity. It seems to me like they are all trying to gain some benefit from the newsworthy aspects of the lady's life.
It is strange how the "vulture" instinct seems to grab the public when a celebrity dies, irrespective of their views of the person when they were alive.
the Brit


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That's me and Rick Hanson PhD, a neuropsychologist, Senior Fellow of the Greater Good Science Center at UC Berkeley, and New York Times best-selling author of the books Hardwiring Happiness: The New Brain Science of Contentment, Calm, and Confidence and Buddha's Brain: The Practical Neuroscience of Happiness, Love and Wisdom.
Rick was in Sydney recently teaching his Positive Neuroplasticity Training course just up the road from me at Manly Beach. Honestly, I went along thinking it was going to be a bit like attending a neuroscience conference but with beachside coffee and breakfast interview with Rick thrown in. I came away feeling like I'd had been in three days of therapy.
By changing your brain, can change your life?
Here's a short summary of what Rick teaches, both in his books and his Positive Neuroplasticity Training courses:
"Our thoughts can change the structure of our brains.
Everything you do creates connections within the network of your brain, and the more you repeat something, the stronger that connection gets. These connections control our reactions, emotions, behaviours, and our overall well-being.
By learning to strengthen the positive connections, you can change your brain to be more positive.
Rick's courses use science-based practices that he claims help you to,
"…re-wire your brain, changing the way you react, feel, and behave. These practices will give you lasting results in happiness, resilience, peace, and inner strength."
By changing your brain, you can change your life."
Sounds life-altering! But reading this made me wonder, is this all too good to be true?
What Rick said when I asked 'show me the evidence'.
I caught up with Rick over breakfast one morning wanting to discuss the 'gap' I perceived that still exists between what neuroscientists would say constitutes neuroplasticity, and Rick's claims.
It's been argued (by this brain blogger for example) that people are very becoming fond of promoting ideas of 'brain rewiring', healing and 'lasting change', but mostly their arguments boil down to 'Because: neuroplasticity!' which doesn't mean anything at all without a whole additional layer of explanation, refinement and qualification (an excellent discussion of which can be found here).
On top of that, it's also become pretty easy to just substitute for the term 'people' with 'the brain'.
So we could say: 'Neuroscience has revealed lifelong brain plasticity' but how does that differ from saying that 'People can learn new things and change their behaviour no matter their age.'
Whole books and many blog posts have been written about the fact that we've become seduced by the lingo of neuroscience (read about it here, here and here).
So with all that in mind, I said to Rick, "Look. I'm a neuroscientist. I'd like to discuss evidence … can our thoughts REALLY rewire our brain?"
His reply,
"If there is a mental change, there MUST be a neural change, because all mental activity, including thoughts and feelings, requires neural activity.
There is a tendency for human beings to think that for something to be real you must be able to see or touch it. And that is understandable. But what it leads to is an underestimation of the power of mental change and the power of psychological interventions. We have hundreds of years of evidence for psychological change.
Some people also think you need an fMRI study to prove that there is change inside the brain, but plenty of other evidence shows us that the mind can change the brain.
And don't forget Sarah, neuroscience is a baby science. Step back and look at the history of psychology … Freud, Young, Maslow and Skinner were all way ahead of the clinical interventions of there time. It was all very much 'Do mental intervention A and get result C, presumably via box B.' We've only filled in box B recently.
If you're after a super rigorous, sceptical, scientific perspective, of which I'm a fan, there is a lot of animal research where you can induce a change in behaviour and then look at the brain of that animal and see, for example, synaptic changes—which is what I think you're trying to get at here."
Rick then referred me to a number of findings to support this argument, many of which can be found on his Wellspring Institute website (wisebrain.org). A loooong list of these research papers can be found here.
I see where Rick was coming from with his explanation, but we finished our conversation with me still feeling a little edgy about the whole thing. Sure! Thoughts change neural activity. That is the brain doing what the brain does. I guess I was still skeptical that my life (or brain) would change simply because his training program was compellingly called 'Positive Neuroplasticity Training'.
But, I went along trying to keep my skeptical mind 'open' (as skeptics are so often told to do!!)
As an aside, I'll add the warmth, generosity and gentle humour that you might sense in Rick's writing is the real deal. And his calm, kind demeanour lasted all day long for three days. I'm kind of blown away that someone can lecture to a room full of people for three days straight and never seem to tire!! (An excellent example of someone who practises what he preaches!)
What happened at Positive Neuroplasticity Training.
The training consisted of three days of classes that combined experiential exercises, presentations and discussion.
The basis of the course is to learn how to turn passing good experiences into lasting inner strengths through Rick's four-step HEAL process:
- Have a positive experience,
- Enrich it,
- Absorb it
- and (optional) Link the positive experience to negative material in order to soothe and even replace it.
Rick believes one of the best ways to develop happiness and other inner strengths is to focus on experiencing them and then instilling them (remembering them, savouring them, turning them over and over in your mind). And in time these good mental states will become neural traits.
You can try this out by mindfully attending to positive experiences in everyday life, using one or two dozen seconds to take in, say, a beautiful view (easy in Manly), a sense of accomplishment in your working life (I focussed on a online course I'm creating – The Neuroscience Academy), or the warmth of a child's embrace (easy with my two boys), or just the calm and inner peace that comes from focussing on breath (something I've always STRUGGLED with, but found very easy to do with Rick's guidance).
The idea is if you 'take in the good' you'll develop greater overall wellbeing and build up inner resources that help address personal issues such as stress, anxiety, irritation, frustration, loss, blue mood, loneliness, hurt, or inadequacy (the crap I discovered we ALL deal with in one form or another. I was blown away by the intimate discussions I had with so many other people there … how we've all got something we struggle with, and how we all desire to connect and share).
Rick says the course has three benefits:
- Growing specific inner strengths (like resilience and positive emotions)
- Developing the qualities implicit in taking the good (such as kindness toward oneself – something I need to learn more of!)
- Increasingly sensitising the brain to positive experiences (aaaaand, by the end of day day, he nearly had me convinced…)
Rick and his team have been busy study the impact of the course (science!!). They've compared the psychological wellbeing of people who've taken the course and compared it to people wait-listed to take the course:
People who completed the Taking in the Good Course experienced significantly less anxiety and depression, and significantly greater self-control, savouring, compassion, love, contentment, joy, gratitude, self-esteem, self-compassion, satisfaction with life, and overall happiness.
OK. Confession.
Much of this happened to me too!
As I said at the beginning of this blog post, I came away feeling like I'd been in three days of therapy. Not drained, crying-my-eyes out therapy. But really GOOD therapy. I felt calmer, kinder, less frazzled, gentler and more compassionate. I was definitely more sensitive to finding 'the good'.
During the three days we covered a LOT of ground. I didn't make many notes, but a few statements made by Rick struck me. The first was at the very beginning of the course when he asked, in what I came to learn was his typical warm manner,
"Hands up who here meditates at least one minute per month".
All I could think was 'Phew'.
He followed up by saying we should all be kinder in our expectations of ourselves—something that rang true with me. I'm the classic overachiever who feels like they've failed after 15 seconds of trying to meditate, and then failing to keep thoughts running through their head! Rick pointed out that those of us at the very beginning of our practise need to first learn to focus on just 5 or 10 breaths at the time. That's an OK place to start.
Rick also spoke a lot about staying in the 'green zone'. He defines the 'red zone' as the internal mind-body state that activates when we're stressed. The 'green zone' by contrast is calm and peaceful. You can learn to 'activate' the green zone with calm, attentive breath and by 'taking in the good'. He believes it's healthier to be in the 'green zone' and that there are ways to train ourselves to stay there despite outer turmoil. We can learn to become responsive and not reactive.
One of the most striking comments he made was,
"Don't casually indulge the red zone. Much of fear is unnecessary and unreasonable. We tend to overestimate threats and underestimate opportunities and resources."
Just think about that for a while. Gives me shivers.
That statement sits very nicely with one of his more well-known teachings,
The brain is like Velcro for the bad but Teflon for the good. The brain is very good and efficient at converting momentary negative states to lasting negative neural traits. But the brain is relatively poor at turning positive mental states into positive neural traits."
I could go on and on here. But it's probably fair to say Rick Hanson's positive neuroplasticity training changed my mind. Although whether or not 'for the good' remains to be seen!!
As for the curly question about *evidence* of change in my brain … well, right now, I'm in two minds about whether or not it even matters!
Obviously I had a great experience with Rick's training, thoroughly enjoyed meeting him and learning from him. And if others attend his trainings and read his books because of the use of the word 'neuroplasticity' and find it helps them to 'take in the good' – then GREAT. Go for it. Naturally, spending three days reflecting and being mindful is good for your mood. Although I'm unsure whether alone it can invoke permanent neuroplastic change. As others have repeatedly cautioned, we must be careful not to fall for 'neuroplasticity hype' or inflate its significance far beyond the current neuroscience understanding. But once in a while it's nice to close off the skeptical mind, let go, and breath without questioning.
The post Did Rick Hanson's Positive Neuroplasticity training change my skeptical mind? appeared first on Your Brain Health.


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You wouldn't expect to associate Neiman Marcus with the tagline, "Look Fabulous, Be Frugal," but the luxury retailer's reference is to its new offprice shop, Last Call, which just debuted online.
Along with the usual search arrangements - "His" and "Hers" - the site offers a "What's Hot" section too, ediotirally organizing merchandise within trends with catchy names like "Boots Up" and "Lady Likes." The presentation is clean, with crystal clear photography - items are displayed on faceless, chalky mannequins - on pristine white pages. Yes, tempting.
We went right to the heart of things, clicking through to the designer index. While there are plenty of brands listed, from high end designers including Marc Jacobs, Stella McCartney, and Proenza Schouler, as well as everyday wears that include DVF, Tory Burch, and Loeffler Randall, the number in offerings in each were sparse.
Nevertheless we plucked a Rag & Bone black sequin vest for $117 (reduced from $335), Silk Satin Jodhpur Pants by Ranjana Khan for $313 (reduced from $895) and a Posse Fringe Hobo Bag for $290 (reduced from $490).
The company has also included a flash sale component which they've dubbed "Fashion Dash." Since we just signed up we can't tell you too much about it, other than it promises timed sales throughout the day.
All in all, the site's worth a visit for its discounted on-trend items but like any outlet, if you're looking for something specific, it's hit or miss.


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Now, Sriram Raghavan dabbles in sci-fiMar 21, 2012 IANS
Mumbai, March 21 (IANS) After making a thriller, filmmaker Sriram Raghavan now wants to experiment with other genres and says his next directorial venture "Happy Birthday" will be a sci-fi movie.
Raghavan, who first made "Ek Hasina Thi" with Saif Ali Khan and Urmila Matondkar, is right now gearing up for the release of his spy thriller "Agent Vindo". Starring Saif in the lead role. The film is releasing Friday.
"I had finished certain amount of script of 'Happy Birthday'. I will reopen it in next two months. I have not worked on it for a while. Till 'Agent Vinod' releases, I am in this world. After that, I will think about it," Raghavan told IANS.
"'Happy Birthday' is a science fiction film. We wanted John and Aishwarya for it-two-and-a-half years back. Now I don't know what the status is," he added.
However, the reports were that "Happy Birthday" was to go on the floors even before "Agent Vinod", but Raghavan said: "I was not happy with the climax of 'Happy Birthday'. I was not sure about it earlier.
"I thought I will shoot the climax and leave it. But that was too risky to leave it like that. By the time I cracked the climax, I had two other projects in my hands including 'Agent Vinod'," the 48-year-old said. Click the Movie button below for more info:
Happy Birthday
More News


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As the law states, the first 2.5% of population are the innovators, and the next 13.5% are early adopters.
Altought quick to see the potential and willing to take risk to try new technologies or ideas,early adopters are not generators like the innovators. But both groups are similar, as Moore says, in that they rely heavily on their intuition. They trust their gut.
The farther right you go on the curve, the more you will encounter the clients and customers who may need what you have, but don't necessarily believe what you believe. As clients, they are the ones for whom, no matter how hard you work, it's never enough. Everything usually boils down to price with them. They are rarely loyal.
The importance of identifying this group is so that you can avoid doing business with them. Why invest good money and energy to go after people who, at the end of the day, will do business with you anyway if you meet their practical requirements but will never be loyal if you don't?
Each of us assign different values to different things and our behaviors follow accordingly. This is one of the major reasons why it is nearly impossible to "convince" someone of the value of your products or ideas based on rational arguments and tangible benefits.
According to the Law od Diffusion, mass-market success can only be achieved after you penetrate between 15% and 18% of the market.
The goal of business then should not be to simply sell to anyone who wants what you have – the majority – but rather to find the people who believe what you believe, the left side of the bell curve. They perceive greater value in what you do and will happily pay a premium or suffer some sort of inconvenience to be a part of your cause.
Simon Sinek
Tag Archives: relationships
The Practice of Acceptance
Though there are occasions when a firm hand is needed, I learned early that one of the most important qualities of a leader is listening without judgment, or with what Buddhist call bare attention.
In The Tao of Leadership, John Heider writes:
The wise leader is of service, yielding, following. The group member's vibration dominates and leads, while the leader follows. But soon it is the member's consciousness which is transformed. It is the job of the leader to be aware of the group member's process; it is the need of the group member to be received and paid attention to. Both get what they need if the leader has the wisdom to serve and follow.
In Zen it is said that the gap between accepting things the way they are and wishing them to be otherwise is "the tenth of an inch of difference between heaven and hell". If we can accept whatever hand we've been dealt – no matter how unwelcome – the way to proceed eventually becomes clear. This is what is meant by right action: the capacity to observe what's happening and act appropriately, without being distracted by self-centered thoughts. If we rage and resist, our angry, fearful minds have trouble quieting down sufficiently to allow us to act in the most beneficial way for ourselves and others.
Phil Jackson
Twelve Steps to Set and Achieve Any Goal
- Step number one is to have a desire. You must have an intense, burning desire for your particular goal.
- Believe. You must absolutely believe, deep in your heart, that you deserve the goal and that you are capable of attaining it.
- The third step to goal achievement is for you to write it down. A goal that is not in writing is not a goal at all.
- Analyze your starting point.
- Decide why you want a particular goal in the first place. Make a list of all the ways that you will personally benefit by achieving that goal.
- Set a deadline. If your goal is big enough, break your deadline down into sub deadlines. When you break down your goals into daily and hourly amounts and activities, you will be astonished at how much more you get done.
- Determine the obstacles that are standing between you and your goal. You can apply the 80/20 Rule to the obstacles and difficulties blocking you from achieving your goals. This rule says that, in most cases, 80 percent of the reasons you are not attaining your goals are internal. They are within you rather than in the world around you. Only 20 percent of the obstacles are contained in your external situation or in other people.
- Determine the additional knowledge, information, and skills you will require to achieve your goal.
- Determine the people whose cooperation and assistance you will need. Relationships are everything.
- Make a plan to achieve your goal. A plan is an organized list of tasks that you will have to complete to get from where you are to where you want to go. A plan is a list of activities organized by time, sequence, and importance.
- Visualize your goal each day as if it were already attained. Imagine the pride, satisfaction, and happiness you would experience if you were already the person you wanted to be, with the goal that you want to enjoy.
- Back everything you do with persistence and determination. Resolve in advance that you will never give up. You must decide, in advance, that nothing will stop you. Then, when you face the inevitable obstacles and difficulties that occur, you will be psychologically prepare. You will bounce rather than break.
Brian Tracy
A Company is A Culture
We do better in cultures in which we are good fits. We do better in places that reflect our own values and beliefs. Just as the goal is not to do business with anyone who simply want what you have, but to do business with people who believe what you believe, so too is it beneficial to live and work in a place where you will naturally thrive because your values and beliefs align with the values and beliefs of that culture.
Now consider what a company is. A company is a culture. A group of people brought together around a common set of values and beliefs.
The goal is not to hire people who simply have a skill set you need, the goal is to hire people who believe what you believe.
The goal is to hire those who are passionate for your WHY, your purpose, cause and belief, and who have the attitude that fits in your culture. Once that is established, only then should their skills set and experience be evaluated.
Great people don't hire skilled people and motivate them, they hire already motivated people and inspire them.
Simon Sinek
Let It Go
The fact is that your life will be a continuous series of problems, difficulties, setbacks, and temporary failures. These unexpected and unwanted reversals and disappointments are a normal, natural, and unavoidable fact of growing up. To change your thinking and change your life, you must make a decision to get over them and to get on with your life, no matter what happened. Until you do, you remain a slave to the past, which cannot be changed in any case. Make a decision today that, from now on, you are going to eliminate all the "if only's" from your life.
You discipline yourself to stand back mentally and deal with the problem intelligently. You use your mind to see the situation objectively and make better decisions to resolve it.
Brian Tracy
Set Off the Alarm Clock on Yourself
I am a great admirer of Abraham Lincoln, and one reason I am is because he came to the point so quickly. He was a master of brevity. He made the most famous address in the history of the world. The man who preceded him to the platform spoke for two hours. Then Lincoln spoke – for exactly two minutes.
Overtalking is one of the worst of all social faults.
Whenever you become conscious of talking too long – stop! "Set Off the alarm clock" on yourself.
A salesman cannot know too much, but he can talk too much.
I don't mean we should be abrupt. We quickly resent the person who is abrupt; but we admire the person who is brief and to the point.
Frank Bettger
Like a Shepherd
As a leader, I have always followed the principles I first saw demonstrated by the regent at the Great Place. I have always endeavored to listen to what each and every person in a discussion had to say before venturing my own opinion. Oftentimes, my own opinion will simply represent a consensus of what I heard in the discussion. I always remember the regent's axiom: a leader, he said, is like a shepherd. He stays behind the flock, letting the most nimble go on ahead, whereupon the others follow, not realizing that all along they are being directed from behind.
Nelson Mandela


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|Collection Quest Information
This quest is part of the Collection Quests Timeline
Starting the Collection
Most Collection Quests begin by examining any of the members of that collection, which are harvested from special, random ground spawning nodes using the Collecting harvesting skill. Members of this collection can be found as follows:
- Yellow shiny sparkles named ?.
Collection Members
- Arid Beholder Eye
- Blemished Beholder Eye
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- Weathered Beholder Eye
- Experience
- Eyestalker
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Creative Design Wristwatch Camera Concept Brief Simple Special Digital Discs Hands Fashion Quartz
Item Type: Quartz Wristwatches
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Clasp Type: Buckle
Case Material: Stainless Steel
Band Width: 20mm
Movement: Quartz
Water Resistance Depth: No waterproof
Dial Diameter: 38mm
Dial Window Material Type: Glass
Case Thickness: 9mm
Style: Fashion Casual Watches
Gifts: Fashion Watch Men Women Quartz
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color: black,white
Creative watch: new design
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