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What Are Contrails?
Since the dawn of the aviation age, a new type of cloud has been appearing in our skies. Cirrus aviaticus clouds, more commonly known as contrails, are now found crossing the skies over nearly every populated part of the world.
Contrails, short for condensation trails, are the clouds that form in the wake of a passing aircraft at high altitude. Sometimes these clouds dissipate quickly, and at other times linger for several minutes after the plane has passed. In some cases, contrails can spread, forming wispy blankets in the sky as they mix with other contrails.
Though some observers find these man-made cirrus clouds beautiful, others consider them an unwelcome pollutant spoiling our pristine skies. Climate scientists have taken an interest as well, hoping to better understand the environmental impact of these artificial clouds - and the hydrocarbon-burning airplanes that produced them.
Why Do Contrails Form?
Simply put, a contrail forms when the hot water vapor and exhaust gas from a jet engine combines with water vapor in the extremely cold environment of the upper troposphere. The water vapor solidifies into trillions of tiny ice crystals in a process known as deposition.
A passing jet engine creates an artificial cloud by mixing hot moist air from the exhaust with the sub-freezing humid air it is passing through. You can observe a very similar mixing cloud by exhaling on a cold winter day - warm water vapor from your breath combines with water vapor in the air and condenses into tiny water droplets to form a breath cloud.
Contrail formation is a more extreme version of this mixing cloud since the difference in temperature is far more extreme at airplane cruising altitudes. Generally, contrails form when temperatures are below −40°F (−40°C). Jet engine exhaust emerges at about 1560°F (850°C). As the super-hot air from the jet engine mixes with the super-cold air of the atmosphere, it rapidly cools, causing its own water vapor - and the water vapor already in the surrounding air - to condense into water droplets and then quickly freeze into tiny ice crystals.
This only happens under certain conditions, however. Contrails only form when the air at cruising altitude has just the right mix of air temperature, air pressure, and humidity. Since the atmosphere is not uniform, these can change over different areas and at different altitudes. This is why it is possible to see airplanes forming contrails as they pass through one region of the sky but not in another. It is also why planes travelling in the same direction passing over the same point can have differing degrees of contrail formation - atmospheric conditions can be very different at different altitudes.
Meteorologists began to study contrail formation during World War II when it became a matter of military importance. Since contrails were dangerous to high-altitude missions, giving away the locations and flight paths of Allied planes, the military was keen to understand why these clouds formed.
A National Weather Service meteorologist named Herbert Appleman created the Appleman Chart to forecast the conditions of temperature, pressure, and humidity that would be most likely to cause contrail formation. Well over a century later, we can still use this chart - in conjunction with atmospheric sounding data from weather balloons - to predict whether contrails will form over a given area at a given altitude.
Atmospheric conditions not only determine whether contrails form, but also how long they last and how they behave after formation.
Types of Contrails
High-altitude contrails can be generally categorized into three types. These types form depending on differing conditions of temperature and humidity at cruising altitude.
Short-lived contrails dissipate very quickly after formation, usually a few minutes. These form when humidity in the surrounding air is low and temperatures are warm - by upper-troposphere standards. The mix of exhaust and outside air just barely crosses the condensation curve, forming a contrail. As the mixture continues to cool, the ice crystals in the contrail pass the point of sublimation and begin changing phase back to gas, causing the contrail to dissipate.
Persistent contrails form when temperatures are much colder, allowing the ice crystals to remain in the upper troposphere for many minutes longer. As these contrails age, the ice crystals within them begin to sublimate back to gas, causing them to eventually disappear. However, these can remain for dozens of minutes to longer than an hour.
When persistent contrails form under high-humidity conditions, the ice crystals not only remain in the upper troposphere, but spread as the wind carries them, causing more ice crystals to form. These persistent spreading contrails can remain for many hours, mixing with other contrails to form an artificial cirrus aviaticus blanket over the area.
What Are Contrails Made Of?
Are Airplanes Spraying Chemicals Into The Air?
It should come as no surprise that contrails have become the subject of an Internet-enabled conspiracy theory, since the Internet has provided the science-illiterate with a far-reaching platform for congregation. Proponents of the "chemtrail conspiracy" insist that persistent contrails are the result of chemicals being sprayed into the atmosphere by high-altitude top-secret aircraft. Exactly what is being sprayed is not known, of course, but proponents are certain that it is for nefarious purposes ranging from geoengineering to weather manipulation to mind control.
But is it true?
The simplest answer to this is "yes." The two main products of jet fuel combustion are carbon dioxide (about 70%) and water vapor (a bit under 30%). Other by-products such as carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and soot are produced in far smaller amounts. All of these are chemicals, by definition. Therefore, airplanes are definitely spraying chemicals into the air via their exhaust.
Could there be airplanes on secret missions from secretive sources filing secretive flight plans and spraying additional secretive chemicals into the upper atmosphere? It's possible, but not likely. And there is currently no evidence to support such an assertion.
Geoengineering is by far the most plausible of the "chemtrail" conspiracists' ideas, and it is an idea that is still highly conceptual. Though there have been some proposed geoengineering schemes that would emit reflective nanoparticles into the stratosphere to reflect solar radiation and combat global warming, these are still hypothetical ideas and are not currently being tested.
Even if such geoengineering schemes were being conducted today, airline contrails would not be an effective method of distribution. In fact, they would be counter-productive. Persistent, spreading contrails have a net warming effect on the land area below them, reflecting heat energy back down to the ground. This is in addition to the carbon dioxide contributed to the atmosphere by the airplane's exhaust. Therefore, assertions that current airplane contrails are part of a geoengineering scheme are not based in fact.
Sources and Further Information
- Contrails - University of Wisconsin
The condensation trail left behind jet aircraft are called contrails. Contrails form when hot humid air from jet exhaust mixes with environmental air of low vapor pressure and low temperature.
- EPA: Aircraft Contrails Fact Sheet
This fact sheet describes the formation, occurrence, and effects of "condensation trails" or "contrails."
- Aviation & Emissions – A Primer
This paper provides a brief overview of important issues regarding aviation emissions.
- Photophoretic levitation of engineered aerosols for geoengineering
Aerosols could be injected into the upper atmosphere to engineer the climate by scattering incident sunlight so as to produce a cooling tendency that may mitigate the risks posed by the accumulation of greenhouse gases.
Questions & Answers
Wendell, airplanes even ones that fly over us on a daily basis do not block out the sun with their contrails, the contrails are water vapor and not exhaust though there is some exhaust involved it's much less than the ones that come from cars, in fact the bigger the city the worse smog (smoke and fog) is... cars cause most of this, as well as factories, both are ground based. Second, if contrails were the cause of autism autism would be at epidemic levels, it's not, I know a couple autistic people and I have a friend who is aspergers autistic who has kids who are not autistic, in fact many of my friends who have kids only one of them was autistic.... all of them have had vaccines as well so there goes that theory...
Conspiracy theorists are a huge epidemic in the United States, it is the leading cause of people saying stupid things and causing a general panic and creating dumbass laws for no good reason in our nation, this increases the sickness we have in this nation which is getting worse to the point of epidemic levels. What is this sickness? Stupidity. What causes this terrible disease? Lack of education and an increase in misinformation. What is the leading cause of misinformation? Paranoid conspiracy theorists. You see, the biggest problem with conspiracy theories is that they lack any real scientific evidence and it's all based on fear and conjecture. Fear is created by ignorance.
IF you get an education, and I don't just mean from schools but from a general knowledge in actual science and the ability to yourself test and experiment and collect evidence, then you can fight and even ignore the misinformation caused by stupid conspiracy theories and misinformation purveyors.
People are actually buying into this Com trail scam. It's geo-engineering at it's worst. If the all day and all night long clouds covering hundreds of square miles of sky in the Summer months is just jet exhaust does that not raise a red flag?
I'm not a conspiracy theorist; I'm a Conspiracy Analyst and after analyzing this article I find it is complete and utter poppycock, contrails...indeed. Very sad.
If this exhaust is so bad as to actually block out Sun light does this not raise concern for agriculture?
When study after study on our municipal water systems show increasing spikes of aluminum, barium, etc.? Are you concerned whatsoever for the health of your children, who are experiencing a lot of cases of autism lately?
Are you aware of the Public Law passed which provides that the general public may be exposed to aerosols sprayed from planes without your express permission in the interests of science?
They could be putting fluoride in that stuff for all one is to know. Don't you people like what the Sun does for Humans?
See how easy it is, you simple can't resist responding, anything I say requires a response. This is the conditioning I talking about, your mind has been programmed to always get the last word to protect your fragile ego.
In essence I am doing your thinking for you by pushing the necessary buttons to trigger a response, that is mind control, pure and simple. TV works the same way, it constantly programs you to seek proof or evidence to accept anything as true.
Your dismissal should have been the end of this conversation but your conditioning overpowered your brain to protect the sanity of your ego.
Ha ha, if that makes you feel better about being a delusional nut job, go right ahead and believe what you like.
Pushing your buttons is so easy a fifth grader could do it, let's face it Art I Own You. I can play you any time I wish however manipulating a person with the intellectual capabilities of a flea is hardly worth my supreme brilliance.
I merely find it amusing to idly provoke your childish responses like the conditioned sheep that you are. You cannot refrain from spouting, cursing and spewing your inane drivel anymore than Pavlov's dog could prevent drooling at that mouth, it is basically the same.
You've never left your home and lived in the world and been to court or jail or any of that? Someday, maybe you'll learn. Until then, you are just a sheltered nut job with no sense of reality whatsoever $6, you are dismissed.
Tsk, Tsk kind of the pot calling the kettle black don't you think?
TV isn't realistic or believable in any stretch of the imagination, especially cop shows, that isn't even close to reality. It merely conditions the masses to feel the need for proof, for scientific evidence.
Science is conducted through observation and a collection of data often to back up a theory or concept. It is a collection of opinions, sometimes facts are used but often times these 'facts' change after more data is collected.
A well researched book with references, footnotes, appendix and bibliography allows the reader to review the material it was founded on and take their time doing it.
A TV shows is 30 to 60 minutes long and has none of these things just a talking head giving you the story they want you to accept.
College is a crock designed to put the student in debt, I just received another degree in 2011 and they are now teaching kids geography by differentiated countries by internet service, cell phones and indoor plumbing. Most text books are now published by the World Bank, colleges are about money $$$, nothing more, nothing less.
My High school education 35 years ago was better than any four year degree nowadays, because they have lowered the standards so low a baboon could graduate college, which explains why you think so much of college.
You got played and evidently you still are by your sad rhetoric.
Cuss words do indicate class, anybody can cuss, those with integrity don't require it . . . write an email to your Momma using that kind of language and see how that works for you.
somethgblue, You misunderstand me, I don't use TV for anything, I am saying the lowest common denominator does which would be you. And Cuss words do not indicate class, your ability to talk to and relate to people indicates class, fuck "class", it indicates nothing about what is in a persons heart and soul and intelligence. What it does indicate is how much respect I have for YOU, NONE.
USE YOUR FUCKING BRAIN for once. Stop following what other people say is true and LOOK for yourself. Your book, by Jerry E. Smith, is no better than an unintelligent TV show.
My example for TV, since you love to straw man attack and ad hominem attack, was to show you that even those shows try to make the discovery of evidence realistic enough to make them believable. My science comes from when I went to college, it has nothing to do with TV for which I don't actually own one, I don't have time or money to care about such things.
But yeah, if you would rather attack the person than argue what they have to say, I think that show how much LESS CLASS you have than an uneducated hood rat.
Thanks for showing us your true class, intelligent folks do not require cuss words to express themselves.
The fact that you equate a TV show with scientific proof says it all. TV is so far removed from reality it is not even worth discussing.
TV is designed specifically to control weak minds and program the sheep, I will not be your Bo Peep, go back to the flock, Baa, Baa.
"What is it you consider 'actual conclusive evidence'?"
Take a science class, any science class, learn even the simplest, like forensics or something, watch a fucking CSI or Law and Order or some kind of cop drama or criminal documentary to find this out. Look up what it takes to prove that something is true, what kind of evidence is necessary to make a claim a provable statement. Seriously, you are fucking clueless.
You are a nut job,
First off, yes, conspiracies do exist. Conspiracies to do all sorts of things. But how do you convict someone of a conspiracy? You need evidence. In criminal law, a conspiracy is an agreement between two or more persons to commit a crime at some time in the future. What is evidence? The available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid. An argument, whether it be from a book, or from the mouth of some people saying they saw something is NOT evidence. That is called hearsay if evidence is absent of this testimony.
"The absence of proof isn't, the proof of absence."
This statement may be true but it does NOT validate the paranoid delusions or beliefs of ANYONE if these people have ZERO evidence to back up their statements.
Yes there are planes that seed clouds in order to get them to precipitate in dry seasons so that it will rain and quench drought ridden areas, this isn't a conspiracy and the chemicals used are not harmful.
You have yet to provide any confirmable or verifyable.
You don't even have a logical argument for why these contrails are chemtrails, nor have you any evidence to even suggest that chemtrails exist for any purpose other than cloud seeding for rain which is done by specialized planes and crop dusting which is done by low flying planes, also specialized. I have yet to even see picture evidence that other planes are spraying "chemicals" of any kind over cities anywhere.
"The Truth Exists, Fiction is Created."
This chemtrail conspiracy is a fiction that was created by paranoid delusional people and propagated by moronic and paranoid delusional people, such as yourself.
The statements you have made does not confirm the existence of chemtrails, just continued to enforce our belief that you are a nut job.
You call us sheep, but you are the one believing such crap without evidence, without proof, just statements of paranoia made by other nut jobs. Sheep don't do research to prove or disprove the validity of something. But sheep, like YOU, will look for only statements that back up (not prove) the delusions they have.
For example, the sheep who believe in a God, I used to believe in a God, and I still would if I had not questioned whether or not a God existed. Since there was no evidence to prove that a God existed, and the statements made by religious texts contradicted the facts and evidence found by scientific inquiry into the nature of everything, I can only conclude that I cannot believe in a God until evidence is provided and I can only go by what the evidence shows.
Evidence for contrails exists, evidence for chemtrails does not.
If Chemtrails were so prevalent and if the Government was involved, trust me, I would have found it. And being someone who hold zero, none, absolutely no loyalty towards any nation or social authority, and always questions the agenda of all laws and actions taken by all members of any so called authority on ANYTHING, if chemtrails existed at all I would know.
The claimed reasons for "chemtrails" whether it be for controlling weather or population control, if you look at both logically and scientifically false and idiotic.
One, what machine spews more harmful chemicals than any other single machine on Earth? Cars, there are not enough chemical spraying planes on Earth to negate what cars do. The emissions from cars effects our atmosphere more than almost anything on the planet (with the exception of some factories and failed nuclear power plants).
The weather is effected mostly by the airstream and the air temperature and land formations and the ocean temperature and flow. If you can change that then you can change the weather.... spraying chemicals from airplane CAN NEVER CHANGE IT ENOUGH TO EFFECT OUR WEATHER. And it would be unnecessary if you could have chemicals do so.
The temperature of the Earth has been slowly climbing since the Industrial age occurred, it can only be fixed if you could negate the damage that we have been doing with toxic emissions since the Industrial age and the manufacture of automobiles.
The ONLY truly effective way to do this would be to either make all machines that produce toxic emissions clean. All other attempts to change the weather, if possible, would at this point actually be welcomed since the change in our weather, by human produced waste, is capable of causing the near extinction of most life on Earth (especially humans) in the near future.
"Since the beginning of this country our Government has been seeking ways to modify the weather using similar techniques, this is a fact."
This statement is complete bullshit because the Government has not had the knowledge that any technology was capable of doing such a thing. And the idea that humanity was capable of changing our world in such a drastic way was unheard of until fairly recently. Not even 100 years ago did ANYONE think such a thing was possible. And realistically, until humanity exceeds in our technological capabilities, is still not possible.
What you are spouting is beyond fiction, but science fiction.
Any yes, in the future, these things can ALL become a reality, but at the moment, it is not.
In his book Weather Warfare (which I own), Jerry E. Smith makes some good points that can't be disputed , that are facts. However they do not constitute proof or evidence, which as we both know can be contrived through faulty conclusions.
He says' that for anyone to 'know with certainty' that the chemtrail conspiracy is a myth, they would have to know what every aircraft all over the world is doing everyday and no one is that omniscient.
The absence of proof isn't, the proof of absence.
Our prisons are full of people that have been convicted of crimes that are labeled "Conspiracy to commit fraud, extortion, murder and so forth . . . ", so obviously Conspiracies exist and are proven in a court of law everyday.
The State of Oklahoma has been engaged in cloud seeding through the introduction of sprayed aerosols since 1996, known as OKWMDP. You can go to www.evac.ou.edu/okwmdp/ to verify this state run division of the Water Management Dept. exists.
Chemtrails exist, this is a fact. Contrails exist, this is a fact. However they are not the same and your article claims it is, which is a faulty conclusion based erroneous and misleading information.
However I do agree that the new High By-Pass Turbo Jet Engines have created and lead to more persistent contrails that are mistaken for chemtrials by those that have not researched the subject.
But to make the erroneous blanketed (excuse the pun couldn't resist) statement that chemtrails are in actuality persistent contrails misidentified, would be like saying all fish are trout. There simply NO WAY for you to know this.
Further more to make the statement that I have no way of knowing if I could grow bigger and better crops in my garden using chemicals stretches your credibility to the extreme, because I do know and have proven it to myself. I used to be a sheep, just like you but upon getting sober and finding that a clear mind leads to clear thinking, I have since modified what I accept as true.
For thousands of years humanity has noticed that big volcanic eruptions produce ash clouds that block out the sun and change not just the temperature but the weather itself. Since the beginning of this country our Government has been seeking ways to modify the weather using similar techniques, this is a fact.
The Truth Exists, Fiction is Created.
What is it you consider 'actual conclusive evidence'?
An article on the internet, some photos, eye-witness testimony . . . ?
What do you need?
@Somethgblue: The guy was still preaching about satanic nuttery among many other widespread conspiracy lunatic schemes in the past, so I'm not sure which point you are missing. Oh, I get it... LOL!
As for the clouding of the membrane, I think that is something you had encountered long ago. Maybe y'all rednecks misconstrue global pollution/climate change with more exciting things like conspiracy-based depopulation plans of utter asininity. Good grief, it is the year 2015. There are much better ways to make people sick & die in this world besides playing nefarious atmospheric games; duh! Either way, the chemtrail thingy obviously isn't working, as the planet's population has hit a record high when concerning humanoids. Hmm, maybe they will come up with something better, that way the conspiracy articles will be even more titillating on the web; ha!
Of course you know that to reinforce any idea, concept or theory you can just fake photos that any insane clown then can use as proof to say see we have had them back in the day even before I grew a brain.
The whole point that you seem to miss living up yonder in the holler, is Felon lives in the Sunshine State, that ain't the Sunshine State no more. We had our first clear day of complete sunshine the other day in Tennessee and it took THREE months to get it.
When I first moved here 10 years ago, the attraction for me was the great sunny weather and now it rains and is overcast ALL THE TIME, get clue clown-boy the chemicals have destroyed the membrane.
I just checked out that first link from the Former FBI Special Agent. Dang, that Ted Gunderson sounds like a real screwball - especially after reading pages like this:
Yeah, FHFF, I doubt if most people would even consider that as a source of proof, nor would I in this particular case.
I remember seeing these lingering contrails before this conspiracy theory propagated on the Internet, and it was quite normal back then. Well, I guess it was because we didn't have public Internet when I was a kid. Anyway, while quickly browsing through the InterWebs, I just found a page showing persistent contrails from decades ago, for the ones that deny that such common things existed in the past: http://contrailscience.com/contrail-photos-through...
It is an entertaining subject regardless if a tin-foil hat is required or not; ha!
FHFF, there is no chance of forcing Scott to see the truth, he has turned away from his heart and soul and prefers to allow the thinking of others to soothe his ego.
I have tried for many years, to the point that I suspect he is being paid to share these clearly propagandized ideas and concepts as way of reinforcing the conditioned dogma of the Powers That Were.
I too have grown up on AF Bases all over the World and 'know' the difference between a 'persistent contrail' and a chemtrail but these folks are simply in denial . . . so what is one to do?
The Truth Stands Alone and needs no defense, all will be revealed in time.
Since my integrity is in question due to my past here is something else that may help a video from a former FBI Agent and the UN. No offense man but where have you been kids in Florida know about this stuff this is not classified stuff . Millions upon millions of Americans in the military already know about this stuff.
Former FBI Special Agent
UN Committee on Chemtrails And Geoengineering
Pilots of Chemtrail Flight Reveal All - FOR UNBELIEVERS !!!!!
100% Proof of man made chemicals in check the link above read the book not just one page read it look at the chemicals in the U.S Air Force Chem Trail Chemistry Handbook That is What We Are Breathing . Really You Thought That Was Condensation We Are Breathing.
If you think you have seen chemtrails head to Florida its unreal they can block the sun and blanket an entire city overnight.
This is the best I can share like I said I grew up on a us military base I have watched thousands of flights contrails dissipate quickly they do not form clouds for along time even at high altitudes.
Please stop listening to fox news these people will have you believing their is no such thing as global warming.
God Bless
The link I shared about the U. S Air Force Chem Trails Chemistry Handbook is the best I could do. I apologize if I offended you I understand the military also has people making blogs also. I grew up on military bases seen literally thousands of flights in my life I know what a contrail is and the difference between a chem trail. While I am a felon like you said that was along time ago. I have studied this issue and have even comtemplated doing a In forma pauperis to fight to the highest courts but the people love chemtrails so why stop it. I have my opinions what should be done to stop it but I leave it in the hands of god. What I share is real . I have personally talked with air force pilots and they admit they feel bad for spraying this stuff but hey when your paid to stand for dignity you have to do what you have to do..
Again Scott what constitutes proof, a document on the internet?
I have grown a garden every year for the last twenty and never used pesticides, weed killer or any other chemical agent and every year people always comment on how big and rich my plants are, what is my secret?
I always tell them I put the love of my heart into my work and nurture the plants. This is the proof or evidence for me that we don't need to poison the Earth with chemical agents to produce crops.
Proof is in your heart, LOVE is the most powerful force in the Universe.
I can't change what is in your heart but I pray one day you will open it up and learn the truth.
I lived in a place in Florida where I hardly saw the sun in the wintertime. The place was bombarded with chem trails sometimes it looked like fog since it would come down at night. I witnessed from Pensacola Beach ,Florida ships shooting rockets also which created chem trails and . From my medical studies aluminum when breathed in after long term exposure can cause dementia , mental problems ,it can LOWER THE IMMUNE SYSTEM so it will greatly benefit the pharmaceuticals companys and doctors this enriches the rich and continues to leave the poor even poorer. What I do fear for the people is the our government is legally allowed to conduct experiments on the us population through the use of chemical agents only god know what can be released by those in charge of these chemicals. While I hope the people of earth try to stop this their not much the people can do with out the arrest of those in charge of these operations along with the closure of all groups of societies with links to these activities.
Here is the proof you wanted .
U. S Air Force Chem Trails Chemistry Handbook.
Yes, I got tons of evidence, more evidence than you can shake a stick at, proof, my computer is just filled with proof. All you have to do is Google it and the evidence and proof just pops up on your screen, it like magic.
What would you do with evidence Scott? You wouldn't recognize it if it barfed in your lap, your so-called science tells you want to think and just like Pavlov's dog you lap it up, then regurgitate it into articles like this.
What boggles my mind is Googles' lap dog, HP endorses it.
Some of these comments are hilarious. I don't think we need chemtrails for aluminum contamination and/or minuscule, air-borne particulates of such a beloved metal. Good grief... [Sigh] Many of the over-the-counter medications, common antiperspirants, cookware, and a seemingly endless supply of food products contain more aluminum than the average Joe would even want to realize.
Aluminum doesn't seem to be readily absorbed in the body (definitely not when orally consuming such things), and a lot of it just passes through your intestines without entering your bloodstream albeit this redundant metallic scare is great news for the ones trying to sell those trendy "Aluminum Testing Kits." LOL!
The aluminum particulate when breathed in is harmful to the thyroid could possibly be linked the the high rates or breast cancer in America emerging all of a sudden these past two decades. Alimunium can cause mental problems and a lot of health issues.
It is my personal belief that chem trails are used for weather modification , shielding. possible links to mind control projects , population reduction since the elite are not capable of creating a more equal world where people can live in a state of equality in return this creates megalomaniacs that think they have to take it upon themselves to reduce the population when the entire population of earth can fit in New York City . The notion that to many people exist is absurb . It will take a lot of money and support to tackle these terrorist on an international level assinations are key but at this moment the human population has not reached this level of self respect . I just hope they do for the sake of the people and mother nature. It will take a tremendous amount of coordination and a few thousands people to dispose of the trash efficiently and effectively hopefulyl it will be done on a international level till then the people will be powerless to terrorism
OH, contraire SnS, read the comments we have tried in vain to show our disdain for this mockery of science but when HP gives credence to this sham by naming it Hub of the Day all you can do is shake your head in despair and laugh.
Excellent disposition on the subject of condensation. Which leaves the subject of weather weapons totally unexplored. It's a pity there is no addressing citizens concerns and the poor timing of this article only encourages blind mockery.
It is very interesting to learn about these contrails. WE know that planes leave gases that trail for sometime even after the plane disappears. It is just like we observe the smoke trails behind our vehicles when they are not properly checked for pollution control. We see the smoke even after the vehicle passed a long distance. These things are harmful to mankind causing polluted air supply to us and heating up the environment.
Very good topic reviewed by you elaborately. Thanks for sharing it. Voted up and interesting.
What a thorough explanation of contrails! Very interesting and informative. Congratulations on HOTD today!
Congrats on the HOTD today, Scott. I always wondered about contrails. What a real informative and interesting hub. Voted up for awesome!
Living near an active Air Force Base we see plenty of contrails in the skies over our town. When I taught science and we covered weather and cloud formation, I would take the students outside on a clear day and show them the contrails and explain how they were similar to and how hey differed from natural clouds. Were I to teach on that subject again, I would be glad to use your Hub as a source.
Thank you for the educational information about contrails.
Congratulations on HotD!
Congratulations on Hub of the Day and spreading science fact rather than conspiracy theory nonsense!
Voted up and shared!
Yes, I am.
You are so entertaining.
You're are so right, how did I ever make it through life without you to point out the obvious . . . unless you're just in love with your own written words and feel the need to prattle on and on and on.
When you are ignorant of science, and a complete paranoid conspiracy theory believing nut job, nothing makes sense except conspiracy theories even if there is no science, facts or evidence to support them.
Scott, upon further review I now get the concept that High By-Pass Turbofans can and do create persistent contrails from actually creating cleaner exhaust, I get it.
The couple questions I have, and hopefully you can clear it up for me, is obviously these PCs are diminishing the strength of the Sun as it is blocking the rays from reaching the surface, that sucks, I like sunny days. Don't you see this as a problem?
I still don't by into the pattern they create in the sky, the cross hatch and the circles and random patterns and I can show you hundreds of photos showing this, so there is no point in denying that.
But the other question is if these persistent contrails are basically more prevalent than ever due to the HBPT jet engines, the lower by-pass engines wouldn't have produced contrails as is shown in the photo we talked about earlier, if so why use the argument that they were prevalent in the past but not recognizable due to less traffic, it doesn't make sense?
You can't have it both ways or are you saying that the new technology created not only the same results but more of it?
Furthermore if the temperature at 10,000 feet is say, zero degrees, which creates persistent contrails and a plane comes into a landing say in Minnesota and the ground temp. is zero it should be producing persistent contrails the whole way but we don't see airliners around airports spewing these huge plumes, it doesn't make any sense.
If you use the argument of temperature, then in the winter from take off to landing they should be spewing persistent contrails and we don't see that?
clear this up because it is not making any sense . . . ?!
Sparkster, you read into an earlier comment wrong. When I said, "The only conspiracy that I see, has to do with the global warming debates, ice caps and atmospheric remedies." I was talking about within this asinine chemtrail debate. The only possible "conspiracies" involving chemtrails would most likely involve those scenarios and not the "dropping stupid gas on society" nonsense.
Yet you only "assume" there are "chemtrail" experiments happening which have nothing to do with the purported sinister conspiracy theories?? Duh!! So what conspiracy can you see relating to the global warming debate?
Sparkster: Duh! I was doing research on Global Warming when I was in my 6th grade advanced science class. Why are you telling me that climate change is happening? LMAO!
Insane Mundane, there's no doubt that global warming (or climate change) is really happening. Since the industrial revolution we have emitted half a trillion tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Obviously, before the industrial revolution we didn't have all this pollution. That's another reason for stratospheric sulfate aerosols, in addition to solar radiation management. According the Council On Foreign Relations "one kilogram of well placed sulfur in the stratosphere would roughly offset the warming effect of several hundred thousand kilograms of carbon dioxide". Of course, the spraying of such aerosols could easily be used to secretly carry out bio-chemical warfare.
In other words, don't freakin' be like the Dale character from the animated sitcom known as "King of Hill."
...But then again, he did breathe in way too many insecticides during his fictitious lifetime. Ha-ha!
If you are not sure if a plane is commercial or not I have a website for you.
As far as everything else, ignorance for something can often create fear, fear of the unknown is the most intense fear one can have which is why many of these conspiracy theories seem to hold so much weight is due to the fact the many people are ignorant to reality, many people listen to those that would exploit the ignorance of others for "entertainment" and fame e.g. Alex Jones and other mass media outlets that only tell you things that give them great ratings and therefore more money.
In our nation, ignorance is bliss, paranoia is money.
There are many real dangers in our society, with our government, in our world.... and the best way to keep a population down is to keep them ignorant... take for example, vaccines, if you want population control then make people scared to get vaccines because people believe they cause autism.... but if you know anything about autism you'd know not getting vaccines can kill people and people who have autism are often far smarter than everyone else, savants. So believing in stupid conspiracies can be more harmful to humanity than doing research and finding EVIDENCE on the validity of both sides.
You almost have me convinced but the problems I have that leaves a nagging doubt is, that I have looked at some of the planes that have these huge PCs (persistent contrails) behind them through my telescope (mostly my binoculars) and they don't have logos of commercial airliners on them and don't look like commercial aircraft (close but not quite), plus although they're flying at level altitudes, the altitudes are much lower than CA's (Commercial Aircraft) fly when they are at cruising altitude.
When I see PC's being formed it is at 10 to 20 thousand feet, not 30, and we both know the temp isn't -40, so that is really what has me wondering, these PC's form from craft that are too low.
CA's , at cruising altitude is much higher and don't leave PC's behind them. Then you see these photos of the insides of CA's with tanks of whatever in them and no seats and it makes you wonder.
If PC's, as you mentioned, are causing problems with our atmosphere in terms of Sun Dimming, air pollution and other factors, then surely we should try to cut down on them, such as we have with car pollution and yet we seem to have more of them, from increased traffic.
Then you throw in the Geoengineering debate which there is a lot of disinformation about, denial and even censorship and it makes me wonder why would they try to cover up something that is supposed to be helping with climate change and global warming.
I fully admit you maybe right about this and I maybe wrong but something is fishy and I just haven't figured it out . . . yet! However you have given me plenty of ideas, concept and information to look into and analyze, I appreciate it, thank you.
No, really I didn't see any in the 60s, 70s and 80s, because there weren't any. These just started happening around the time global warming became an issue.
I live right next to a busy airport and know which direction the flight paths of commercial airliners take. Yes some are North & South and some are East and West but these planes do not leave any persistent contrails behind them, ever.
The chemtrails I see do not follow these flight paths, they take irregular flight paths that aren't in the direction of any major cities or destinations.
So why the need to predict contrails, because they impact the climate, such as changing the weather, create global warming and climate change, hmmm!
I guess, I'm wondering why a scientist like Ulrich Schumann would spend so much time and research trying to prove something was true such as High By-Pass Turbofan Jet Engines produce contrails that last for hours in 2001, is there a need for proving things are true?
Why does the science of Geoengineering and especially SRM (Solar Radiation Management) have the technology that exactly mimics the production of the so-called chentrails and then go to such great lengths to cover up that this technology does in fact exist.
Why not just come out and say, yes we are messing with the weather and the atmosphere but it is for everyone own good, why try to hide it?
Something doesn't seem right about that, you only cover up something you want to hide.
So you think these extremely long, thick plumes that criss-cross the sky on a daily basis are just persistent contrails?
I already assume there are actual atmospheric experiments involving "chemtrails," which has nothing to do with the reasons provided by the propagated conspiracy theories of the chemtrail conspiracy theorist nutjobs out there. Dropping massive clouds of stupid gas while poisoning the planet via these blindly executed chemtrails just doesn't fly, in my book.
However, there is no doubt that certain chemtrails are real, as crop dusting, skywriting, cloud seeding or the act of spreading flame retardants (which is widely known in California, for example) and water down for forest fires, is all wildly and widely accepted by the masses. The only conspiracy that I see, has to do with the global warming debates, ice caps and atmospheric remedies. *Sigh*
Another logical question would be why are the GAO and IPCC admitting to currently spraying reflective aerosols in the atmosphere if they're not really doing it?
You're right Scott, they should have different engines, I sit corrected.
However if chemtrails are really just persistent contrails why do they not follow the flight paths of commercial airliners. Why do they criss-cross all over the sky, where are these commercial jets going where they need to make irregular flight paths and curve back on themselves? Why do our skies look like checkerboards at times?
If Geoengineering doesn't exist because chemtrails doesn't exist, why are there companies that use that title in their names? Why are there phrases like Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering (SAG) and Solar Radiation Management (SRM) to describe technologies, science and programs that don't exist?
Why did the Super Powers sign a treaty in 1975 declaring weather weapons can't be used in times of war if weather weapons don't exist?
Why is there such a huge cover up and complete silence, censorship and disinformation if these programs don't exist and aren't real, treat it as fantasy and move on.
Are you really saying that the new High By-Pass Turbofan Jet Engines create massive condensation trails that cover the sky for the whole day, when inferior technology of the 50s, 60s and 70s produced nothing?
Remember I grew up on AF Bases all over the world in the 60s and 70s and saw none of these contrails covering the sky from horizon to horizon, why all of sudden are they appearing.
In the last ten years the weather in TN has changed from being very humid, sticky and hot to almost Colorado like weather, with very low humidity and cool yet our skies are criss-crossed with the persistent contrails that last all day, that don't follow the flight path of the airliners, how can that Be?
It's AS, I said, retard, not 'like'. When you learn to write the English language correctly maybe I will take you seriously, until then I will just consider you the slow witted, brain dead, wannabe dolt that you show in your comments.
Like I said, total nut job.
Or Clint, they're simply not human and are terra forming the Earth to suit their needs and having been living underground until the technology became available to recreate the Earth how they need it.
Consider you are a group of Aliens with superior knowledge and technology but are too few to take control, you live underground because you can't exist in our environment but use humans for food, especially kids, 'cuz they taste better (missing children). You use the Cabal/Illuminati/Royal Families to serve your evil purposes of sacrificing their own subjects in exchange for power, wealth and privilege. When you are ready you terra form the Planet Earth, so that you can live on the surface.
Think of Chentrails as humacide, just like wiping out insignificant insects, of course you keep enough around to serve as slave and cattle or food but wiping and diping the rest is no big deal.
I'm sorry, Scott were you trying to get my attention?
Don't feel blue, Somethgblue. They also basically called Einstein, Benjamin Franklin, and a whole boatload of other people "nutbags" before their discoveries ever permeated the public, back in the day. However, I must say, I'm not really jiving with this chemtrail conspiracy thingy.
It is too stupid, even for the majority of humanity, to constantly spray their own people from high altitudes while ALSO living on the same surface. I mean, poison the food and drink, and they can avoid it. But to deliberately poison the air and soil in such a widespread fashion, makes no sense whatsoever. That is, unless all the Powers That Be are all dwelling in an underground cave somewhere during the last several decades. Blah!
Wouldn't that be if the Flux-Capacitor is a real device, after all what if time travel really works and the FC is the key to it all.
I'd rather be stuck in a delusional fantasy than exist as a mindless dolt with no clue.
These debates are amusing... Just to change it up a bit, maybe one of y'all should feature an article covering the exhaust that's a bit closer to the ground, like the "catalytic converter conspiracy." Ha-ha!
Blue doesn't believe in reality, he is stuck in his paranoid delusional fantasy world and is upset that we won't believe him and know that he is a nut job. "evidence and proof is for SUCKERS unwilling or unable to think for themselves" is a statement that proves this.
I don't need evidence, we have been over this before, evidence and proof is for SUCKERS unwilling or unable to think for themselves. I do not feel the need to provide evidence nor do I require it from you or anyone else.
I read the paper and found the article myself, it didn't change my thinking nor did it provide any information I didn't already know but thanks for trying, albeit a day late and a dollar short.
The paper itself didn't mention what engines were even used (although the photo does, interesting don't you think) during the experiments, however and I quote "For a direct test, a formation flight of two different large jet air- craft was arranged, wing by wing, during an ASCENT and a DESCENT of the aircraft."
We both know that both ascent and descent creates vacuum around the aircraft which will invariable cause contrails however during the level flight the Boeing aircraft does not form any contrails, as the photo shows. For the experiment to have any value both planes should be using the same engines, according to the article they're not, why?
Because the article itself is disinformation designed to give folks that require 'scientific' evidence, links to hang their hat on. I can make up my own mind and I'm telling you contrails are not chemtrails, period end of story.
Obviously, as I subscribe to the concept that chemtrails are fundamentally different from contrails, so why belabor the point that we disagree, that is pointless.
That being said I have provided ample evidence, which you chose to ignore, that is your right. If you prefer to wallow in ignorance that is your choice, no one is disputing your right to remain deceived.
Even the Government run website Wikipedia recognizes that Geo-Engineering exists. Here is a link in case your Google or Bing is broken.
Examples of their theoretical geoengineering techniques include solar radiation management, which they call stratospheric sulfate aerosols, while the rest of the world calls, chemtrails.
Even Scott, provided a title to a paper based on theoretical science, which I tracked down, as he conveniently didn't provide a link, and read. The paper is not very convincing but did provide some interesting disinformation and propaganda for the contrail theory, that I found amusing.
You on the other hand provide nothing but lame, inane drivel, disguised as insults and troll like rhetoric designed to inflame the subject while adding to boost your obvious insecure intellect. I pity your pathetic attempts at intellectual discourse however sincere they may be.
So, tell me, what is the difference between theory and hypothesis? Do you know what the term cherry picking refers to? And why have you still provided zero evidence? No matter what evidence gets presented to you, you continue to deny that chemtrails are the product of paranoid conspiracy nut job's imaginations.
I did manage to find the article Influence of propulsion efficiency on contrail formation by Ulrich Schumann but am still not convinced, based on the fact that his model is a theory with varying experimental results to back it up.
For instance, the introduction to the paper had this to say about the theory and information and I quote . . .
" The statements were highly debated during the final acceptance procedure of the report and not all critics could be convinced that they are correct. Therefore this paper explains the basic thermodynamic arguments behind these statements and reports on recent experiments which support the theory."
In other words Ulrich comes up with a theory and then goes out and uses experiments to support his theory however even some of his experiments such as Aero Bus and the 747 flying wing tip to wing tip dispute his claims as the Russia aircraft produced contrails while the Boeing 747 didn't while flying at the same altitude.
I downloaded the PDF article for future use but I must say it isn't very convincing, got anything else?
The spokesperson for Captain Cut'n'Paste speaks, and of course uses attempted insults when facts aren't available to spread revisionist history and disinformation.
High By-Pass Turbofan Jet Engines DO NOT produce contrails, period end of story. I've given links and scientific facts, which you seem to require and yet when I do all I get is insults . . . exactly whom is the moronic nut job?
somethgblue, you are such a moronic nut job. You really need to do your research so much better rather than relying on confirmation bias.
Of course what you left out is that all commercial airliners and military jets (since the late 80s) use High By-Pass Turbofan Jet Engines which by their very design DOES NOT produce contrails.
We both know why these engines not only cut down on fuel consumption and noise but make it virtually impossible to create contrails, so I won't bore you with the details but if you prefer your science from Government run websites you can read about why here.
Since 90% of the air doesn't even pass through the jet engine but the Turbofan, very little combustion takes place, hence very little exhaust and no contrails. So pretending that chemtrails are contrails is not only very unscientific but most unbecoming of a so-called intellectual.
For a deeper look at the contrail vs chemtrail myth, I can give you this website but this is more for your deluded readers than for you.
This article clearly demonstrates you are not interested in informing your readers but in fact to spread disinformation, as HBP Turbofan Jet Engines don't even produce contrails, they're a product of the past.
Oh, the conspiracy theorists are gonna get you for this one!
I am glad there are people like you spreading the truth rather than propagating lies. Love your hubs.


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What: The 13th annual Mayborn Literary Nonfiction Conference, hosted by the
University of North Texas' Frank W. Mayborn Graduate Institute of
Journalism. This year's conference has the theme of "The Power of Words"
and will feature Sebastian Junger, most famous for his best-selling book
"The Perfect Storm: A True Story of Men Against the Sea," as a keynote speaker.
When: July 21 (Friday)-July 23 (Sunday)
Where: Hilton DFW Lakes Executive Conference Center, 1800 Highway 26 East
in Grapevine, Texas
Cost: Registration is $225 for students and $425 for others and includes all speaker sessions and
several meals. Registration will close when the conference is full. Participants may register online.
More information:
Contact the Frank W. Mayborn Graduate Institute of Journalism at 940-565-4564 or
DENTON (UNT), Texas - In 1997, a then-unknown author named Sebastian Junger captured international attention with his debut book, "The Perfect Storm: A True Story of Men Against the Sea." Junger vividly described a confluence of storms off the shore of Gloucester, Massachusetts, and the struggle of a small fishing vessel's crew during the storm. His book was turned into an Academy Award-nominated film of the same name in 2000.
Junger will be a keynote speaker at 2017 Mayborn Literary Nonfiction Conference. Hosted by the Frank W. Mayborn Graduate Institute of Journalism at the University of North Texas, the 13th annual conference will be held July 21-23 (Friday-Sunday) at the Hilton DFW Lakes Executive Conference Center in Grapevine, Texas. This year's theme is "The Power of Words."
Conference speakers will "present the impact of writing in its simplest form and show how the words we use can having a lasting and transformative effect on the world around us," said Neil Foote, a Mayborn school faculty member and one of the conference's directors.
Conference director Michael Mooney, a Mayborn school alumnus and best-selling author, said that even with the popularity of images, videos and a sounds on social media "it is the power of words, the ability to craft a narrative and tell a story that provides the context, the depth and understanding that helps inform and engage us."
After the success of "The Perfect Storm," Junger wrote four other books, including 2016's "Tribe: On Homecoming and Belonging," which follows troops as they return home from war. Junger also created four documentary films focusing on soldiers in Afghanistan. One of the films, "Restrepo," was nominated for a Best Documentary Academy Award.
In addition to Junger, the keynote speakers for this year's conference are Katherine Boo, a staff writer at "The New Yorker" and author of the best seller "Behind the Beautiful Forevers," and Charles Johnson, a MacArthur Fellowship recipient and author of "Middle Passage."
Other conference speakers include:
●Shane Bauer, senior reporter at "Mother Jones," whose work focused on the Middle East and North Africa as well as criminal justice in the U.S. He recently received a National Magazine Award for "My Four Months as a Private Prison Guard," which documented problems with the private corrections business.
●Dallas-based writer Sarah Hepola, whose essays on culture have appeared in "Glamour," "The Guardian," New York Times magazine and Salon, among others. She is also the author of "Blackout: Remembering The Things I Drank To Forget," a New York Times best seller.
●Wright Thompson, one of the nation's foremost sports journalists and a frequent contributor to the Best American Sports Writing Series. A senior writer for ESPN.com and ESPN's magazine, Thompson is well known for writing about the University of Mississippi's undefeated 1962 football season, which occurred amid violence and rioting as the university integrated. The article inspired a "30 for 30" documentary, narrated by Thompson, that aired on ESPN.
Conference registration fees are $225 for students and $425 for others and includes all speaker sessions and several meals. Registration will close when the conference is full. Participants may register online.The Friday and Saturday keynote events are open to guests of those who have registered for the conference, and members of the general public, for separate fees.
Note to editors: Photos of the three keynote speakers for this year's conference may be downloaded here, here and here.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
It all started on Tuesday evening when MSNBC host Rachel Maddow tweeted that on her show that night she would be revealing President Donald Trump's tax returns.
But before unveiling that she had two pages of Trump's 2005 federal tax return, she opened her show with a lengthy tease that went on for over 10 minutes. Leading to people on Twitter losing their minds during the dragged-out setup.
On Wednesday's "Late Show," host Stephen Colbert pounced on the moment by spoofing Maddow's opening with his own two-and-a-half-minute tease for a joke he claimed Trump had heard: "Why did the chicken cross the road?"
"I hold in my hand something very significant," Colbert said, dressed in Maddow's signature blazer with a backdrop that looked similar to the one her show uses. "It is a joke, a joke that we have confirmed has been heard by Donald Trump. We believe this is the first time any joke dealing with Donald Trump has been released."
Colbert then went into long tangents about chickens and roads and if either relates to Russia.
"But whether or not you're a Trump supporter, whether or not you've heard this joke before, it should give you pause that after all of this buildup I still haven't gotten to the punchline," Colbert said before seemingly getting to the punchline only to go to a commercial break.
Since her Tuesday show, Maddow has had to defend her reveal of the tax form, which showed that Trump earned $150 million in 2005 and paid $38 million in income taxes that year. Many have felt the whole thing was a disappointment.
"My priority is to get the story right and put it into proper context, and explain the weight of it and why it is important," Maddow told the Associated Press. "This is a super interesting first window into his finances, and the question of his finances is a legitimate scandal."
Watch Colbert's Maddow bit below:


text:
Skatestart is back for another summer of fun! Below are the communities we'll be offering camps at. This is a current update with dates and times of each program. We may add a couple camps here and there but this is what is set. Look forward to rolling with you and Skatestart!
HIGHLANDS RANCH: Level 1(beginners/never-evers. skateboard provided) June 12, 26th, July 17 9am-10:30am. Skate camp: June 13-15, 27-29th, July 18-20 9am-12pm. (Register through Highlands Ranch Metro District)
PARKER: Level 1 May 30, June 20, July 25th (Register through parkerrec.com)
Skatecamp: May 31-June 2, June 21-23. * July 26th-28th (FULL DAY 9am-3pm)
BROOMFIELD: Level 1 June 12, July 10, July 31 9am-10:30am
Skatecamp: June 13-15, July 11-13, Aug 1-3 9am-12:30pm (Register at Broomfield Community Center or Paul Derta)
LOVELAND: Level 1: June 19, July 24, Aug 7
Skatecamp: July 5- 7, Aug 8-10 (Register through Loveland parks and rec)
LONGMONT: *Skatestart Plus* June 30, July 14, Aug 4, Aug 11 9am-12pm (Register through Longmont parks and rec)
MILLIKEN: *Skatestart Plus* July 21st 9am-12pm (Register through Thompson Rivers park and rec)


text:
What would you do if you drove home to find your apartment building in flames, taking your brand new smart TV, $700 camera, furniture, and diamond earrings with it?
Or if a band of burglars decides that what's yours is theirs, pilfering your most treasured belongings?
Hopefully, you'd cash in on your insurance policy and start replacing them.
But the reality is, a lot of renters don't have a policy to fall back on because they assume they'll be safe from the financial repercussions of impending catastrophes.
While you aren't responsible for covering damages to the building itself (the owner is), you'll be left at a loss on all of your possessions.
Queue renters insurance, with policies tailor-made for the perils facing renters like you.
Read on for everything you need to know to start shopping for renters insurance and get quotes on policies today!
Why You Need Renters Insurance
Before we go any further, know that if you're renting a house, apartment, condo, pool house, shack, or dwelling of any sort, you need to purchase renters insurance.
No ifs, ands, or buts.
Let's take a look at some of the reasons why:
- Renters insurance is cheap. In fact, it's one of the most affordable types of insurance on the market. For less than the price you pay to stream on your Netflix or Spotify every month, you could be insuring thousands of dollars of your possessions.
- Renters insurance protects you from liability. We'll talk more about this point later, but basically, renters insurance covers you if someone gets hurt at your home. That coverage includes medical bills and, though we hope there aren't legal repercussions, it offsets those costs as well.
- Renters insurance protects your possessions. The most obvious reason to purchase renters insurance is protecting what's yours. Remember, your landlord's coverage is 100% separate from your personal property. So is your roommate's. Only you can cover your personal property. Don't leave it unprotected!
- Renters insurance covers damage. If you do some damage (unintentionally) in your apartment that leads to items needing replacement or repair, renters insurance has you covered.
- Renters insurance might be required. While there might not be a legal requirement across the board for renters insurance, it's becoming pretty common for landlords to require you to purchase home insurance when you sign the lease.
- Renters insurance is worth it, even if you don't think your property is. You're probably taking mental stock of your possessions as you read. And if so, you may be telling yourself your belongings aren't worth replacing. Let's go back to the fire analogy from earlier.
Maybe you don't have diamonds or a 60" TV to protect.
But what do you have?
Fires, tornados and the like are merciless, and you could be left with nothing to your name if one finds its way to your apartment or house.
Now take a closer look at that inventory of yours.
If you plug in every piece of furniture, each appliance, and all the clothes and shoes in your closet, the price adds up quickly.
What You Need to Know About Renters Insurance
There are a lot of factors to consider as you decide on the best renters insurance policy for you.
Renters and homeowners insurance come with their own vocabulary, one you'll need to know in order to start shopping for renters insurance.
Let's start by unpacking some key renters insurance terms.
Key Terms
Actual cash value: Amount your policy will pay to replace your items, which subtracts a dollar amount for the item's depreciation over time.
Additional living expenses: Portion of the policy which covers your living expenses if your rental home is unsuitable to live in (during repairs after a storm, fire, etc.)
Appraisal: Your insurer's assessment of damages or losses, used to determine the cash or replacement value you will receive.
Claim: Your request to the insurance company for an appraisal and reimbursement of a loss covered by your policy.
Contents coverage: Limited portion of a renters insurance policy designed to cover items regardless of their location at the time of the incident.
Deductible: The predetermined amount you agree to pay for your lost or damaged possessions before your insurance policy pays out.
Depreciation: A decrease in the value of your home or belongings from the wear and tear of time, everyday use, and changes to the market.
Endorsement: A document amending your coverage to reflect add-ons or legal limits to your policy.
Exclusion: Peril or item which is excluded from your policy's coverage.
Floater: Additional protection on individual items whose worth exceeds your policy.
Liability coverage: Protects you from medical or legal repercussions when someone is injured at your home.
Peril: Risks to your property named in the policy, like fire, windstorms, and hail.
Replacement cost: Cost to replace your item with a comparable one in today's market, with no consideration of depreciation.
What Renters Insurance Covers
With those working terms in mind, let's take a look at the insurance itself.
Here's what you can expect to be covered in your renters insurance policy:
- Personal property. As previously mentioned, items like your furniture, clothes, jewelry, and electronics are covered up to a certain amount if they're stolen or damaged.
- Theft- here, there, and everywhere. Contents coverage is really convenient, protecting the items insured in your policy wherever you are.
- Additional living expenses. Your lodging, relocation, meals, and other living expenses while your rental is unlivable are covered.
- Liability. If someone breaks their arm at your apartment or has an unfortunate run-in with your dog's teeth, you could be held responsible for their lost wages, doctor bills, and legal actions. Renters insurance protects you from those costs.
Renters insurance also covers 16 specific perils.
If you're familiar with homeowners insurance, they're the same 16 perils you're covered for with a standard named plan like an HO-2, which are as follows:
- Fire or lightning
- Hail or wind storm
- Smoke damage
- Volcanic eruption
- Explosions
- Theft
- Vandalism
- Riots
- Damage done by a vehicle
- Damage done by an aircraft
- Falling objects
- Weight from ice or snow
- Accidental flooding
- Sudden or accidental electrical damage
- Water damage from AC or heating issues
- Water heater or similar pipe damage (burning, etc.)
Again, your protection applies to replacing items damaged or lost due to these perils, not to repairing or rebuilding the property you're renting.
Additional Coverages
Depending on your situation, you may want to add some additional coverage to your renters insurance policy.
Umbrella policies: Umbrella policies are extensions to coverage which are applied to both your renters and auto insurance.
If you fear you'll need more liability coverage than what a standard policy offers (they usually cap off around $500k), an umbrella policy is worth considering.
They protect you from a number of legal risks and also from damages to people's health or personal property attributed to you.
Endorsements: While hail storms, tornadoes, lightning, and ice might be covered by standard policies, forces of nature like floods and earthquakes are not.
If the space you're renting happens to be situated in a high-risk area, you might want to consider adding on coverage for those events.
While those endorsements might not be as critical for you as for a homeowner, your stuff could still be damaged by a high powered storm.
Floaters: If you have specific individual items like expensive jewelry, art, or electronic devices which are worth more than what your policy covers, you can get a personal property floater to insure them.
In some cases, your floater item will have its own separate policy, but insurers often raise your premium and allow you to combine it with your original plan.
Homeowners: This isn't technically something you, the renter will buy, but if you're the homeowner browsing this article and need some updated information on home insurance we can cover you on that too.
How to Buy Renters Insurance Like a Pro
You now know that purchasing renters insurance is imperative and have an understanding of what policies generally cover.
What's next?
Read on for resources to help guide your insurance shopping endeavors.
Take Inventory
Before you go any further, take stock of your belongings.
Knowing what items you plan to insure is helpful as you start shopping and vital once you purchase your policy.
Before your needs can be assessed and your premiums established, you'll have to provide evidence of your possessions and their value.
You can build out an inventory yourself, or use an app to simplify the process.
Apps like DreamVault, Encircle, and Sortly help you manage your home inventory with ease.
Sortly, for instance, lets you snap and log photos of your possessions, note their price and other details, and scan barcodes.
Check them out as you start to take stock of your property!
Do Your Homework
Once you've taken inventory of your belongings, it's time to start shopping.
With a little careful preparation, you could be on your way to savings and success with a policy that fits your unique insurance needs.
Here's how:
Study your policy.
- Before you buy a policy, be sure you understand what's covered and what isn't. Know which perils you're protected from, which ones are excluded, and what the limits of your policy are.
- Read up on the claims process with each policy you consider. Find out how long the appraisal process takes, when you'll receive your check, and how much your deductibles will be.
- Know whether your policy will pay an actual cash value or replacement value. The payment assessment method will affect your premiums and how much you're given to replace your belongings.
Shop renters insurance quotes.
- Shopping for renters insurance quotes is one of the quickest and easiest ways to save money. In just a few moments, you could have quotes on the best rates on premiums from top competitors.
- Don't skip out on getting quotes. While the coverage might be the same on a lot of policies, you could save a ton on premiums by knowing your options.
- Weigh all your options. Many renters insurance providers offer significant discounts when you bundle your home and auto coverage. You can also lower your premium rates by increasing your deductible amount. Plug in different numbers and scenarios to find the best policy for you.
- Use an app like Cover, where you take a picture of the item you want insured from within the app and get quotes on it in moments.
Streamline the Process
Not only can you use apps to simplify the inventory process, but also to purchase and manage your renters insurance.
Gone are the days of printing and scanning documents to submit to the insurance company.
Now you can file your claims in a few clicks!
If you haven't heard of Lemonade, you're in for a sweet treat.
The app-based insurance provider's tagline, "Instant everything. Killer Prices. Big Heart." summarizes its operations to a T.
Lemonade claims to get you insured in as little as 90 seconds and paid in 3 minutes.
The company's interface creates a customized insurance plan for you based on the info you enter.
Lemonade offers some insurance rates for as low as $5 a month and will switch you over from your current insurance provider, unburdening you from a frustrating phone call.
It's an option well worth your while.
You also might want to look into Quilt, a site which provides the same kind of quick, simplified coverage and claims process as Lemonade.
While the startup isn't available in the app store just yet, their website provides a stellar user experience comparable to Lemonade's, stating you can make your claim as quickly as you're able to type it.
Trov is another savvy provider new to the renters insurance market.
Like Lemonade, Trov is optimized for mobile, allowing you to purchase your insurance, file claims, and manage your policy through the app.
As a new startup, Trov is in the process of rolling its services out in the US, now offering on-demand coverage in Arizona and nearing regulator approval across the country.
Trov's website allows you to click through an interactive map to stay up to date with your state's coverage availability and get notified when anything changes.
Allstate Mobile
Popular comprehensive insurance providers are streamlining their interaction with customers as well.
Allstate Mobile provides its customers with 24/7 access to agents, a simplified claims feature, and policy management tools.
Whatever company you choose to purchase your renters insurance through, check to see if they have an app.
It can make managing your renters insurance a breeze!
Bottom Line
You probably didn't walk into your new apartment expecting the worst, but life can change drastically in a heartbeat.
If and when mayhem ensues, your landlord is covered.
Are you?
Put your newfound knowledge to work and protect the belongings you love today.
Related Post: Long-term Care Insurance Guide


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If you are organizing a youth retreat, you might know that it is important to keep in mind a lot of different things, as youth retreats are quite complex and require a lot of planning and consideration to be done if they are to be executed well. Among all the other important things to plan, one should never forget to plan where the retreat will be held, as its venue remains one of its most important features. The good news is that today, it is quite easy to find a good retreat center, one that will provide everything that is needed for a successful and memorable as well as comfortable retreat. Finding the best youth retreat center there is, then, will certainly please you, as it will assure you that you as well as everyone who will be attending the retreat will be able to enjoy many satisfying rewards altogether.
When one finds a good youth retreat center, he or she will be able to benefit, first of all, because the center is sure to be in a good location. One of the most important things about a retreat is that it provides individuals with a chance to get away from the world and everyday life, to enter a place where they can be silent or share moments with the people they go with. Finding a good retreat center is very important, then, and when you are able to do so, you can be sure that the lush beauty of its surroundings will promote and encourage individuals joining the retreat to find what they are looking for and make memories that will last for a lifetime.
Another thing that people can enjoy when they find a good retreat center is the benefit of the assurance that the place will have comfortable accommodations. Of course, after a long day of activities, young people need a clean and comfortable place to rest and sleep in order to prepare for the days ahead of them. The great thing about youth retreat centers is that they are outfitted with accommodations which are not only clean, but also very cozy and comfortable, assuring retreat leaders that everyone will have comfort and rest while staying there.
Finding a good youth retreat center is also wonderfully beneficial to you because when you do so, you can even have the option of having meals served as long as the retreat goes on. When organizers don't have to plan meals for the youths attending the retreat, then, they can save a lot of time and gain a lot of convenience, focusing on the other more important parts of the whole program.


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You all recognize this little lady, right?
It's the best dressed girl on the net, Courtney, from "Courtney's closet!" (Of course this was long before she knew she'd have some inspirational wardrobe, click the purple link for an adorable Coutrtney story). :) (This photo really touched me because I have one so similar of my William from his birth announcement, sleeping with his squishy baby fingers under his head, so sweet!) I love how Libby used the three onesies from "Wee Tees" to for her "world's greatest baby" subtitle. The white pen accents on the title and onesie ribbing really pop! What a perfect addition to a baby room! Great design Libby!
Please see Libby's blog for more inspiration, a little bird told me that Cortney's Closet Challenge is turning one! Expect fun stuff!!
A woman who works with her hands is a LABORER; a woman who works with her hands and head, a CRAFTSMAN; but a woman who works with her hands, her head and her heart is an ARTIST. ~ Louis Nizer
Thursday, May 21, 2009
Guest Designer Libby Hickson
Crafted with YOU in mind by Melanie at 5/21/2009 06:10:00 AM
Labels: Gina K Designs, Guest Designer, Wee Tees
2 comments:
Your generous feedback helps make my work and this blog better! Thanks for inspiring and motivating me! :)
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2017 Women's Track & Field News
Pronovost Selected NCAA Sportsmanship Award WinnerOctober 25, 2017Maddie Pronovost '17 (Brookline, Mass.) has been selected as the 2016-17 NCAA Division III Female Student-Athlete Sportsmanship Award winner. This prestigious honor comes weeks after the 2017 graduate was selected as one of the Top 30 honorees (10 from each NCAA division) out of a record 543 nominees for the prestigious NCAA Woman of the Year award.
Pronovost Named Among Top 30 Honorees for NCAA Woman of the YearSeptember 06, 2017Maddie Pronovost (Brookline, Mass.), a 2017 Middlebury graduate, has been selected as one of the Top 30 honorees (10 from each NCAA division) out of a record 543 nominees for the prestigious NCAA Woman of the Year award. Presented annually by the association since 1991, the award honors graduating student-athletes who have distinguished themselves throughout their collegiate careers in the areas of academic achievement, athletics excellence, service and leadership. The 2017 NCAA Woman of the Year will be announced on October 22 in Indianapolis, Indiana.
Panther Track & Field Teams Honored for Academic ExcellenceAugust 04, 2017The Middlebury track and field teams were recently honored by the U.S. Track & Field and Cross Country Coaches Association (USTFCCCA) for their work in the classroom. The men were one of 111 to become a Division III All-Academic Track & Field Team, earning a grade point average of 3.0 or better, tying California Institute of Technology for the nation's highest cumulative team GPA of 3.62. The women were sixth out of 183 teams that earned the honor with a 3.63 GPA.
Pronovost Nominated for NCAA Woman of the Year AwardJune 29, 2017Maddie Pronovost (Brookline, Mass.), a 2017 Middlebury graduate, was one of two women nominated by the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC) for the NCAA Woman of the Year Award by a committee of conference administrators.
Skinner Runs to All-America Status in 3,000-Meter SteeplechaseMay 27, 2017Catie Skinner posted an All-American eighth-place finish in the 3,000-meter steeplechase on Saturday morning during the final day of the NCAA Outdoor Championships in Geneva, Ohio. The three-day event was hosted by the University of Mount Union and the Greater Cleveland Sports Commission at the SPIRE Institute.
Skinner's Ninth-Place Prelim Time Highlights Day One of NCAA MeetMay 25, 2017Catie Skinner's ninth-place preliminary finish in the 3,000-meter steeplechase highlighted a rain-soaked day one of the NCAA Outdoor Championships in Geneva, Ohio. The three-day event is being hosted by the University of Mount Union and the Greater Cleveland Sports Commission at the SPIRE Institute. Following a day off on Friday, Skinner will compete in the final on Saturday at 11:30 a.m.
Eight Panthers Headed to NCAA Track & Field ChampionshipsMay 21, 2017Eight members of the Middlebury College track & field teams will take part in the 2017 NCAA Outdoor Championships on May 25-27. The events will take place in the Spire Institute in Geneva, Ohio, and will be hosted by the University of Mount Union.
Two School Records Fall as Panthers Compete at Open New EnglandsMay 13, 2017Two school records highlighted the Middlebury track & field teams' participation in the two-day Open New England Championships on Friday and Saturday hosted by Williams. The men finished in a tie for 13th out of 37 scoring teams at the event, while the women wound up tied for 36th of 40 squads who tallied points. All three NCAA divisions were represented at the meet, as top-eight finishers earned All-New England honors. Selected members of the respective teams will participate in the NCAA Championships from May 25-27 at the Spire Institute in Geneva, Ohio.
Three School Records Fall as Panthers Compete at DIII New EnglandsMay 06, 2017Maddie Pronovost and Helene Rowland both broke school records on Saturday, highlighting the Middlebury track & field teams' performances in the Division III New England Championships hosted by Williams. The Panther women finished tied for sixth out of 32 teams competing with 34 points, while the men were 10th out of 32 teams with 27.5 points. Top-eight finishers in each event earned All-New England honors.
Women's Track & Field Athletes Post All-NESCAC LaurelsMay 03, 2017The NESCAC announced its 2017 All-Conference Teams at the completion of the league's Outdoor Track and Field Championships held at Bowdoin. The top-three finishers in each event during the championship last Saturday received All-Conference recognition. The Panther women finished third out of 11 teams competing in the meet.
Women Finish Third, Men Fourth at NESCAC ChampionshipsApril 29, 2017Taking part in the 2017 NESCAC Outdoor Championship, the Middlebury women's track & field team finished in third place, while the men were fourth in the event hosted by Bowdoin on the Magee-Samuelson Track. Williams claimed the women's crown with 239.83 points ahead Bates' 107 and Middlebury's 97.66, while the Williams' men won the team title (175) ahead of Tufts (164), Bowdoin (110) and Middlebury (102.50).
Panther Track & Field Teams Set for NESCAC ChampionshipsApril 27, 2017The Middlebury track & field teams will be in search of conference team titles, when Bowdoin will host the 2017 NESCAC Track & Field Championships on Saturday, April 29 at Magee-Samuelson Track in Brunswick, Maine. Competition gets underway at 9:00 a.m. with the women's shot put, men's hammer, women's long jump, women's javelin and men's 10,000-meter run.
Track & Field Teams Compete at Albany Spring ClassicApril 22, 2017The Middlebury track and field teams turned in a host of solid performances on Saturday when the Panthers competed at the 33rd University of Albany Spring Classic. The event featured no team scores with more than 700 competitors from all three NCAA divisions as well as club teams. The Panthers return to action next Saturday at the NESCAC Championships hosted by Bowdoin.
School Record Falls as Panthers Compete at Bowdoin InviteApril 15, 2017A school record in the women's 4x100-meter relay and a combined seven event titles highlighted Saturday's action as the Middlebury track and field teams competed in the Bowdoin Invitational. The Panther women finished second out of four teams with 89 points behind the host Polar Bears' who won with 91, while the men were second of three with 92 points. Middlebury returns to action next weekend when it competes at both the Larry Ellis Invitational on Friday as well as the Albany Invitational on Saturday.
Panther Women Take Panther Spring Invite Title, Men Finish SecondApril 09, 2017The Middlebury track & field teams hosted their lone home meet of the season Sunday on a sun-soaked Dragone Track. The women won the meet with 298 points, outdistancing second-place Franklin Pierce's 100, while the men finished with 216.66 points, just behind Franklin Pierce's 220. In addition to the Ravens, the Panthers welcomed Plattsburgh State, Lyndon State and Green Mountain. The Panther squads return to action next Saturday at the Bowdoin Invitational.
Panther Profile - Senior Maddie PronovostApril 05, 2017Senior women's track & field athlete Maddie Pronovost continues to rewrite the record books this year for the Panthers, including setting the school record in the heptathlon this winter. The Brookline, Massachusetts, native concluded her indoor season with an All-American status, thanks to a third-place finish at the NCAA Indoor Championships.
Middlebury Fares Well at California Collegiate InviteApril 01, 2017The Middlebury track and field teams concluded their annual spring trip to California taking part in the California Collegiate Invitational hosted by UC San Diego. The Panther women finished fifth out of 16 teams with 78.5 points that featured teams from all three NCAA divisions, while the men tied for sixth of 17 and accumulated 59 points. The Panthers return to action Saturday when they host the Panther Spring Invitational.
School-Record Relay Effort, Four Wins Highlight PLNU InvitationalMarch 25, 2017A school record in the women's 4x100-meter relay and four event titles highlighted Saturday's action as the Middlebury track and field teams opened their annual spring trip to California in the Point Loma Nazarene University Invitational. The Panther women finished second out of 10 teams with 142 points, while the men were fourth of nine with 112 points. Middlebury returns to action Saturday when it competes in the California Collegiate Invitational hosted by UC San Diego.
Panther Track & Field Teams Excel on Day One of NCAA ChampionshipMarch 10, 2017The Middlebury men's distance medley relay team earned All-American honors and Maddie Pronovost set a school record during the pentathlon to highlight the first day of the 2017 NCAA Division III Indoor Championships. The two-day meet is being held at the Residence Hall/Recreation Center in Naperville, Illinois on the campus of North Central College.
NESCAC Winter All-Academic Team Members HonoredMarch 09, 2017The New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC) has announced its 2016-17 Winter All-Academic Selections. To be honored, a student-athlete must have reached sophomore academic standing and be a varsity letter winner with a cumulative grade point average of at least 3.40. A transfer student must have completed one year of study at the institution. The following are Middlebury's 128 representatives, the highest among the 11 conference institutions.
Panthers Set to Compete in NCAA Indoor Championship MeetMarch 06, 2017Eleven members of the Middlebury College indoor track & field teams were selected to take part in the 2017 NCAA Championships from March 10-11. The meet is being held at the Residence Hall/Recreation Center in Naperville, Illinois on the campus of North Central College.
Panthers Compete in Tufts Final Qualifying MeetMarch 04, 2017A few members of the Middlebury track & field teams competed at the Tufts Final Qualifying Meet on Saturday. The event was held in the Gantcher Center in Medford, Massachusetts and was non-scoring. Respective athletes and relays looked to qualify and better their respective marks for next weekend's NCAA Championships.
Event Wins and School Records Highlight Open New EnglandsFebruary 25, 2017The Middlebury indoor track & field teams set a pair of school records and tallied two event victories during the Open New England Championships on Friday and Saturday hosted by Division I Boston University. The event was contested on a banked track and featured over 70 schools combined from all three NCAA divisions. All-New England honors were awarded to the top-eight finishers in each event. The men finished sixth of 32 teams with 33 points, while the women tied for 12th of 35 with 23 points. The teams return to the track next Saturday for the Tufts Last Chance Meet.
School Records Highlight DIII New Englands as Panther Women Tie for ThirdFebruary 18, 2017Four school records and an event victory by the Middlebury women's track & field team highlighted the two-day Division III New England Women's Championship hosted by MIT in the Johnson Athletic Center. The Panther women racked up 62 team points with 29 teams scoring, finishing behind team champion MIT (149) and Williams (140). All-New England Division III honors were awarded to the top-eight placers in each event. The Panthers return to the track next Friday when they take part in the Open New England Championships hosted by Boston University.
Four School Records Fall, Including Men's DMR National Time in Boston MeetsFebruary 11, 2017A total of four school records fell this weekend, including an NCAA Division III record in the men's distance medley relay, as the Panther track & field teams competed in two Boston-area meets. Middlebury took part in the David Hemery Valentine Invitational at Boston University's Track & Tennis Center as well as the Gordon Kelly Invitational hosted by MIT. Both meets were unscored and featured athletes from all three NCAA divisions and international running clubs. The Panthers return to the track next weekend for the Division III New England Championships with the men's meet hosted by Tufts and the women returning to MIT.
Numerous Top-10 Efforts Posted During Dartmouth ClassicFebruary 04, 2017The Middlebury indoor track and field teams took part on Saturday in the non-scoring Dartmouth Indoor Classic at the Leverone Field House. The Panthers recorded numerous top-10 efforts in a meet that featured all three NCAA divisions, highlighted by the nation's top 4x400-meter relay time. Middlebury returns to competition next weekend, participating at both the David Hemery Valentine Invitational at Boston University on Friday and Saturday and the Gordon Kelley Invitational at MIT on Saturday.
Four School Records Fall During Middlebury InvitationalJanuary 28, 2017Four school records fell as the Middlebury track & field squads hosted the Middlebury Invitational in the Virtue Field House on the New Balance Foundation Track. Maddie Pronovost set a program mark in the 60-meter hurdles as well as the pentathlon, Helene Rowland established a school record in the shot put, while the women's 4x200-meter relay lowered the school mark as well. The men claimed the meet title that consisted of nine schools with 163.50 points, outdistancing second-place RPI (159), while the women were second of 11 squads with 171 points behind Williams' winning total of 178.50 points.
Indoor Track Teams Entertain Division I OpponentsJanuary 21, 2017The Middlebury indoor track and field teams hosted a meet for the second-straight weekend, as the University of Vermont, University of Albany and McGill University visited the Virtue Field House. The Panther men were victorious with 184 points, followed by Albany (179), Vermont (158.5) and McGill (28.5).
Middlebury Track & Field Cruises at Home ClassicJanuary 14, 2017The Middlebury men's and women's indoor track and field teams placed first at the Middlebury Winter Classic on Saturday as the Panthers boasted numerous first-place performances. Middlebury's women earned 286 points, placing ahead of Oswego State (135) and Castleton (83), while the men finished with 273 points. Rounding out the men's scoring were Oswego State (148) and Castleton (40). Both teams return to action Saturday, hosting the Middlebury Winterfell at 11:30 a.m. on the New Balance Track in the Virtue Field House.
Middlebury Opens Season at Dartmouth RelaysJanuary 08, 2017The Middlebury men's and women's indoor track and field teams opened the 2017 schedule Sunday at the 48th Dartmouth Relays, competing against programs from all NCAA Divisions and various club programs. The Panthers shined in the season opener with the women placing fifth with 22 points, while the men finished seventh with 11 points. Dartmouth won both titles with the Big Green men earning 189 points and the women with 202. Both teams return to action Saturday, hosting the Middlebury Winter Classic at 12:00 p.m. on the New Balance Track in the Virtue Field House.


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*I got 50 pencils! Easter Pencils, Sports Pencils for the Boys and Polka Dot Pencils for the girls.
*2 cute boxes
*4 Nonfiction Books
*2 Animal Pointers
* St. Patty's Headband and pin to wear the day of
*Watering Can for our egg carton gardens in the spring
*2 Dr. Seuss Books on Sale for $10 each
Now, on the Leap Year Freebie! I wanted to do something for Leap Year since it only comes every four years. I love craftivities and I couldn't find one out there, so I made one.
If you can't use the frog for leap day, I think he is adorable and you could always use him for springtime! :)
It's at my TPT Store and TN Store!
Also, BrainPop has a pretty cool video for the older kids to explain why we need a leap day and leap year. It fits in perfect with third grade curriculum since we learn about the movement of the Earth and such. So we will be writing about why we need a leap year. BrainPop is a paid site but you can sign up for a week free trial.
Well, I am so tired. Mondays.
Have a great day tomorrow. :)


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Betrayal. A deep, abiding, sickening sense of heart-wrenching betrayal. That's what I feel right now. You spend 17 episodes with someone, you think you know her. She tells you who she loves, you believe her. And then out of some kind of apocalyptic dust storm rises a potentially murderous maniac, and suddenly she doesn't love who she said she loved? Despicable.
I am of course talking about me and Spencer Hastings and freakin' creepin' Boo Radley Van Cullen over here who knows French all of a sudden and doesn't drop snow globes — SOME PEOPLE ARE JUST CLUMSY, OK?! THEY CAN'T HELP IT — and so now Spencer is ready to hop on his Harley and ride off to who knows where. Forks, Washington. When — and correct me if I'm wrong — Spencer has made it crystal clear over the course of this season that the person she really loves is me.
Sleuths are fickle, man. This is the last time I fall for one. I'm barely over Veronica Mars leaving me for Piz. I mean, seriously. Say his name. Say it out loud. Piz. Piz. Piz, Piz, Piz. It makes you want to throw a firecracker at someone's face.
Let's just talk about something else.
So, Hannah and Aria are still broken up. Aria's just so darn mad that she can't even contribute to the afternoon's Scooby party. No, she doesn't want any Scooby Snacks. No, she doesn't want to help decipher Boo's secret message. No, she doesn't want to talk about it. And no, she's not explaining why she beat up Minnie Mouse and stole her polka-dot dress. OK? Leave her alone! Hannah makes sad eyes at her as she storms out, but Aria's like, "You're gonna try to out-doe me? Bitch, please."
At school the next day, Aria runs up to Hannah and crawls all over her like a puppy and licks her cheek and licks her nose and licks her ear and says, "I'msorryI'msorryI'msorryIloveyou." And Hannah says the same. And they are girlfriends again. And just in time, too, 'cause hijinkis are a-happenin'.
Gilbert Blythe has, unsurprisingly, wooed the staff of Rosewood High, and all the teachers in the cafeteria are beating each other back with golf clubs trying to get a chance to go to a book signing with him. He's like, "Ladies, ladies … Tickets for everyone!" And they swoon and sigh, and then they turn mean again when they realize it's gonna be a fisticuffs to see who rides shotgun in his car.
In the middle of the mush, Mr. Moze (Paige's dad) thunderclouds onto the scene demanding to see Coachprah. Gil intercepts him and calmly explains that Coachprah rules the world by day, and is only available for visits during swim practice. "It takes a lot of time to run a kingdom," Gil says cheerfully. And Mr. Moze just starts wailing. "I know what's going on at this school," he says. "Oh, you bet your sweet Cylon, I know. It's the Gay Agenda in here like in every other school in America. Gay teens get preferential treatment. They are revered, exalted, worshiped and adored. Do they go to class and do work like regular students? No, they do not. They have school-funded orgies in the principal's office instead. And do they compete for spots on sports teams like normal heterosexual kids? No, they do not. Gay athletes get everything handed to them, too. LIKE THE GIANT GAY EMILY FIELDS WHO TOOK MY DAUGHTER'S SPOT ON THE SWIM TEAM!"
Gil's like, "Look, my girlfriend is best friends with Emily, and I'm telling you: She's just a really good swimmer with the sickest quads you've ever seen." Just kidding, Gil clocks him. Just kidding again, Gil gets verbally firm and tells him to go.
Moze is embarrassed and Emily is sad.
But that's only enemy number one. After Piper says, "Gil, Gil, Gil" about three hundred times, Byron decides to challenge Mr. Blythe to a good old fashioned duel to the death. Gil and Aria can't even enjoy a good statutory makeout session because Byron keeps calling to make death threats. Aria finally gets through to him, like, "Dad, you're barking up the wrong Montgomery." And so Byron and Gil become BFFs forevs. They trade charm bracelets. It's sweet.


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Just a few days after the launch of the latest Halo 4 game which has been created by 343 Industries, they have revealed that over 1 million Halo 4 players have now completed the game's campaign.
Not only that but 6 percent of those players have finished the game on its Legendary difficulty setting, with all million players clocking up 13.5 million hours of gameplay in the process.
Other interesting statistics include that during the first five days after release Halo 4 clocked up a massive 4,590,416,285 kills or 4.5 billion from players across all the games modes.
War Game is currently the most popular Halo 4 game mode with players, with 4 million gamers clocking at 16 million hours of competitive multiplayer within the same first five days after launch.
Source: Halo Waypoint


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Best Xbox One Black Friday Deals 2018
The shopping extravaganza known as Black Friday 2018 is upon us once again. Right here is the place to find all the best Xbox One Black Friday deals in the run-up to the big day itself, as well as up to date information on the day and afterwards. Are you ready to save some money?Read more about this deal