text:
One-hundred miles east of Silicon Valley in a former tattoo parlor, members of the second-largest hackerspace in California are hoping to make a different kind of mark by advancing technology innovation in the state capital, a region known for government, clean tech and sustainable tech, but not high tech.
"We are changing the world by providing community resources for education, innovation and creation," said Eric Ullrich, a co-founder of Hacker Lab in Sacramento. "It's all very exciting. This whole thing is like catching a big, old tsunami and saying, 'Wow, this is huge,' and you need to stay on. It's scary, it's awesome. And there's nothing else like it in the [Sacramento] Valley."
Hacker Lab is an incubator of sorts for technology startups that occupies a 10,480-square-foot campus near downtown. About a third of that space is dedicated to hardware fabrication and product prototyping; the facility also has co-working and office areas, tools and event space in a spacious community-like setting.
Hacker Lab, founded almost a year ago by Ullrich, Charles Blas and Gina Lujan, who serves as director, has more than 50 members who pay between $45 and $500 a month. Hundreds more individuals participate through social media channels and hackathons, called "Cereal Hacks" in honor of the supposed favorite food of software developers. This local army of innovators is part of what the three principals call a "grassroots movement" of people united to solve problems and advance technology.
"We had no idea we were building a community with the event," said Lujan, referring to the inaugural Cereal Hack, which was held last June and attracted more than 50 local software developers.
At the first Cereal Hack, developers formed teams to develop and deliver a smartphone application in 30-hours. The team that created Raidarrr!, a live-feed geo location app for artists, photographers and writers, won top honors. The team, which has yet to launch the app commercially, was invited soon after to participate in Startup Bootcamp in Berlin. The exclusive 3-month-long bootcamp — only 10 teams were invited from approximately 300 applications — provides startups with mentoring, office space and seed funding. Other winners at Cereal Hack were teams that created a social biking application called Bikepool and Textabl, an app that simplifies Facebook invitations.
Cereal Hack 2 in November drew 75 coders, designers, business developers, hardware hackers and corporate sponsorship. Intel Foundation contributed $10,000 with additional underwriting from more than a dozen other area businesses.
Team Fiction Gun won the second event and a $2,000 prize for its application that hosts timed-writing challenges to motivate fiction writers to get through procrastination and writer's block.
Plans are now underway for Cereal Hack 3 on May 11. Though the hackathons are marquee events, they aren't the only ones on the Hacker Lab calendar. The events page is dotted with meet-ups, classes, HTML5 jams, "Geeky Movie Nights" (this month's flick: "Weird Science") and a 1-year anniversary celebration on Feb. 8 where startups will show off their products to local investors.
According to Lujan, who is also creative director of Webify Labs "on the side," what separates Hacker Lab from the likes of Noisebridge and 13,000-square-foot Hacker Dojo in Silicon Valley, Bucketworks in Milwaukee and the national chain of membership-based TechShop do-it-yourself fabrication workshops is that the Sacramento facility is both a startup and maker space.
"It's a completely different model," she said. "No one else in the country is half and half. I love [Hacker] Dojo, but its primary focus is on hacking. Noisebridge is primarily for making things."
Non-profit Hacker Lab is still several members and sponsors away from breaking even, according to the founders, but they hope the often-difficult task of raising startup capital doesn't daunt others like them from creating similar collaborative workspaces elsewhere.
"All cities need a Hacker Lab," Lujan said. "There's been no better time. Product development is so obtainable right now. Having a space with the tools and collaboration to build products and software is vital to a city. It gives the region a school, an innovation campus with R&D and connections under one roof. It's a new type of institution, a new paradigm to our society."
This content was originally published on the Intel Free Press website.


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The first card is clean and simple. I used the same layout with banners as the Pinecones and Presents card I posted last week. It's so easy to cut the banner tips with the Triple Banner Punch! The "Sending You Thoughts of Comfort" sentiment could work for many occasions, including sympathy and get well. This greeting is part of the Suite Season stamp set -- which is on sale for 25% off in November. Learn More
Live in the United States? I would love to be your Stampin' Up! Demonstrator!
Click HERE to Order Stampin' Up! Products Online, Anytime!
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Use Hostess Code NYGF3C2D to get a FREE Make and Take Kit and FREE GIFT when you order $40 or more. Free kits are mailed at the end of the month. Limit one per person. Learn More

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Interview With T-Rock
What up T-Rock! Thanks for getting wit me compadre!
What's good OL! Not a problem at all thanks for having me fam!
To start, could you introduce yourself to the readers? Who's T-Rock and what does he do?
I'm T-Rock from Richmond VA, I'm a music producer, Christian rapper, husband father of 4
and a full time social worker and counselor to at risk youth.
Dope! Looks like theres been a rise of talent coming from the VA area…on the music side
of things…how did you get into into mc'ing?
Amen bro! Yes God is certinly doing something in VA. I'm grateful to serve. I got into
mc'ing back in 2001 after getting saved and getting plugged into the local church. I was
like whoa! How is there a studio fully set up in the basment of this church? It was on from
Thats crazy! How did the producing come about? How did you get started?
There was a childhood friend of mine who introduced me to a program called FL Studio. Back
then it was called Fruity Loops (Vol. 2). I like was bruh what is that? Looked like the
secrets for making rocket fuel. He showed me the ropes and it was on from there.
Secret to making rocket fuel ahahaha wow…you got started on FL Studio 2? I got started
when FL Studio 7 was the latest version out! So how long you been at it for?
Who would be your musical influences on the mic and on the beats?
Lol yes bro FL Studio 2. I've been producing for over 15 year's. I always try to remain a
student of the game and get better. Musical influences on the mic are too many to name but
most influential have been Flame, Sir Walter Scott, Journey Brave, Pettidee, K-Drama and
Production wise so many guys but narrow it down I would say K-Drama, J.R. GeeDA, Kanye and
my cuzzo Beat Billionaire a signed music producer for MMG.
Oh wow….yeah man K-Drama, J.R., GeeDa, Kanye got the juice lol and thats crazy how you
got someone like that in the actual music industry as well. May I ask who have you worked
Yes bro! Them dudes got the sauce. Lol! I just recently produced on K-Drama's newest album
the The 8th. I produced "The Heart" ft. D-Maud & Co-Produced "Arthur Agee" alongside the
home K-Drama. I've been working heavy with my guy Pettidee on his new project "AliEn"
dropping this year. I've been blessed to produce majority of his new project. I've been
blessed to produce for many local folks also! Sir Walter Scott, Scottlane, Dawiyd, DR3, Dj
Noble and a gang of others.
You got some heavy weights under your belt bruh lol you finna steal the sauce now lol whats
in your arsenal? What do you use to produce?
Hahaha lol! Right on my G! I produce in FL Studio 11 & 12. I have 2 midi keyboard
controllers. Akai MPD 49, Korg 49, KRK Rokit 5's and a beast of a PC.
How would you describe youre process in the studio when youre creating?
I open up in prayer and invite the Lord into the stu. Then I'll normally start up with a
melody and then drums. I love drums!
Any artist you plan on or would like to work with?
In the future I plan to work with K-Drama & D-Maub on their upcoming project. The H-Town homie Puntin…we have some great things in the works. My guy Plain James and many more! I look forward to working with Clearsight Music, Reflection Music Group, Frontline… and honestly some young & hungry folks that desire to make God's name BIG in the earth.
Now with 15 years in the game, I know for a fact you done gained some knowledge on a lot of
things…what advice would you give up and coming or aspiring producers? Also, whats in
store for you in the future?
I can't stress it enough. Please get an entertainment Lawyer this will save you from lots
of heart aches. If you don't have the money for that pull up on a real genuine person with
with wisdom. That can also guard and protect you. Also please sign up ASCAP, BMI whoever
and be sure to get your royalties for placements. Also! Be sure to show yourself friendly.
Be sure to build meaningful relationships with others. If you can get out these events and
conference's Flaver Fest, Legacy conference etc. This will help people to place a face with
the name. Always remain a student of the craft. Never arrive!
Be on the lookout for Pettidee's new project "AliEn" dropping this year. That's gone be
absolute fire and will bless many. Also I'm working on a solo EP dropping later this year.
I'm gonna feature some good friends on it and pour my heart out!
Word…alright then T-Rock, thanks again for taking the time to chop it up wit me!
Amen fam! Thanks the opportunity. I really appreciate it. Big shout to you and Marv for
doing what you guys do.
Thanks bruh, ppreciate it! Grace and Peace!
Follow T-Rock
Instagram: iamrockhouse
Twitter: @iamrockhouse


text:
Caturano, E.; Roccuzzo, G.; Canali, S.; Adamo, S.; Giuffrida, F. and Leonardi, C. (2008) Organic vegetable production in Southern Italy: soil fertility management and fertilisation strategies. Poster at: Cultivating the Future Based on Science: 2nd Conference of the International Society of Organic Agriculture Research ISOFAR, Modena, Italy, June 18-20, 2008.
RTF (Rich Text Format)
- English
Despite the importance of the organic sector in Italy, there are still many difficulties in crop management amenable to weed control, plant protection and soil fertility keeping. Concerning this last aspect and focusing attention to the vegetables crops, the subject is even more complex for the intensive cultivations, the difficulty of rotations implementation, etc. To develop research programmes, we have in a preliminary phase carried out, in a representative area in the south of Italy, a survey aimed at better understanding the main characteristics of organic vegetable agrosystems in terms of plant nutrition and fertility maintenance. The picture concerning about fifty farms is presented and discussed.
|EPrint Type:
|Conference paper, poster, etc.
|Type of presentation:
|survey, fertilisation, vegetable, intensive cultivation, idrolised proteins
|Environmental aspects > Biodiversity and ecosystem services
|Research affiliation:
|International Conferences > 2008: IFOAM OWC: Research Track / ISOFAR > 8.3 Dynamics and structure of Mediterranean Agro-Ecosystems
|Deposited By:
|Neuhoff, Dr. Daniel
|ID Code:
|Deposited On:
|23 Sep 2008
|Last Modified:
|12 Apr 2010 07:36
|Document Language:
|Peer-reviewed and accepted
|Additional Publishing Information:
|This paper is published in the conference proceedings:
Neuhoff, Daniel; Halberg, Niels; Alfldi, Thomas; Lockeretz, William; Thommen, Andreas; Rasmussen, Ilse A.; Hermansen, John; Vaarst, Mette; Lck, Lorna; Carporali, Fabio; Jensen, Henning Hgh; Migliorini, Paola and Willer, Helga, Eds. (2008) .Cultivating the Future Based on Science. Proceedings of the Second Scientific Conference of the International Society of Organic Agriculture Research (ISOFAR), held at the 16th IFOAM Organic World Congress in Cooperation with the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) and the Consorzio ModenaBio, 18 . 20 June 2008 in Modena, Italy.. International Society of Organic Agriculture Research (ISOFAR), c/o IOL, DE-Bonn, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, CH-Frick. https://orgprints.org/13672 and https://orgprints.org/13674
Repository Staff Only: item control page


text:
Quetica offers comprehensive professional engineering design solutions and forensic engineering and consulting services for both private and public clients. Our team has extensive experience in a wide variety of engineering projects and is adept at managing projects, large and small – from complex demolition, transportation infrastructure and industrial projects to commercial, medical, retail and mixed-use developments.
Quetica provides practical solutions that help our clients optimize the productivity of today's technological resources. Providing thorough analysis with professional follow-through is our trademark.
Civil Engineering Services
Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) Engineering Services
Structural Engineering Services
Forensic Engineering Services
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)
Quetica brings a holistic, enthusiastic approach to accomplishing collaborative and innovative solutions on both private and public sector projects.
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- Industrial
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- Mixed-Use Developments
- Government/Civic/Institutional
- Parks & Recreation


text:
Pet Grooming Tips
Our team of animal communicators answer your questions about pet grooming
I own two beautiful, unique cats. One of them is a tabby, mane-coon, and the other is Persian, himalyan. My Persian has knots galore, I've tried to cut and trim them from underneath, but he hates to be washed, brushed, trimmed. etc. He fights with me, cry, scratches, bites. I've shaved him from a professional every other year, cause he gets really bad. When my husband and I try and do this, I start crying because it sounds like I,m killing him , when I,m trying to only help. Its starting to cost a lot. I took him to the vets to get advice. They told me he has a oil gland problem, they've tried to suggest their products,but I refused, do to chemicals. Do have a natural solution? My other cat, hates to be brushed, but his fur is soft, no knots, beautiful. I love my cats dearly, I put them on a pedestal. My husband says, I pay more attention to them than I do him. My cat has suffered enough, I need help. Thanks, Hope to hear from you soon, Tanya
There is a great product called Miracle Groom by Absorbine and it really is a miracle the way it works for cat, dog, and horse hair. It's a detangler and it cleans the coat at the same time. Absorbine is a company that depends on the health of the animals that they care for so stop thinking those chemicals will hurt your pet. Now, for tips on how to use it on your cat. You definitely DO NOT want to spray it onto your cat! Just spray some on your hands and rub it into his fur. Then when you use the brush or detangeling comb it will not pull and it can become an experience you both can enjoy.
I found Miracle Groom at our local farm supply store. If you are unable to find it go to a place that sells horse things. There is the very same formula in a bottle called Show Sheen, by Absorbine, for horses so buy one of those and comb in comfort.
I have a 120 lb. Newfoundland dog that I do not shave. She has always been very patient with me combing and pulling mats and burrs out of her fur. Now she really loves it when I get out the Miracle Groom and give her a complete comb out in about 2 hours. I used to take me days to do her whole coat and I know I'm not hurting her anymore pulling out the mats. I don't even have to cut them out anymore I just soak them with the product and out it comes.
It's truly a stress saver! Take it easy, Laura
Unfortunately you have no other choice but to keep trying to comb out his fur and PLEASE DO use an animal hair product to help the both of you out. These companies are thinking only of your animals best health care and would not put chemicals into their sprays that your cat will not tolerate.
Go to the store and buy a product to help you comb out the mess. Then see to it that the mess does not return. Love, Laura
I have learned that doing a little bit every day makes it easier for our cats to tolerate the grooming. I talk to them, and send them images of how handsome they will look and how much better they will feel when the knots are gone. I surrond them in a bubble of pink and green light – the colours of Divine Love to help soothe them while I work and keep telling them how much we love them… It usually takes us a week or two to get them completely groomed, but this method does seem to work eve on our cranky old male. Hope that helps some, Lotsa LLLove, Danielle
Do you have any tips on how to help my and my cat, Dickens? He is a silver persian… beautiful long hair. He hates to be combed and to have his nails clipped. I am very gentle and careful when I comb him and clip nails, but he growls and tries to bite me if I don't let him get down. I put off grooming him because I know it causes him stress, but he has to be combed/clipped to avoid clumps/knots in his fur, etc. He also has alot of brownish eye drainage which I attempt to wipe and clean about once a day. He hates it when I wipe them, also. The vet has said he is temperamental. He is also very timid and frightened by house sounds, etc. He is about 9 months old and lives with me and another 8 month old kitty. Any ideas? Barbara
I know there are products available to help untangle fur. I got something at the animal supply store to help with grooming my (120 lb.) Newfoundland dog. I know that cats might need a different formula but call up the local groomer and see what they suggest. For Dickens' temperament I'd try some diluted Rescue Remedy rubbed on his ears to calm him down a bit before you attempt grooming.
You're going to have to come up with a treat to give him when he behaves during the process to keep Dickens happy. Dried liver treats, something like that. That will perk him up for his trouble. Good Luck! Love, Laura


text:
This modern frameless glass sliding door will bring drama and style to This modern frameless glass sliding door will bring drama and style to any bathroom. Our sliding door is literally selling off the shelves. The style, quality and price is drawing customers like magnets. It's perfect for the individual consumer and the contractor.
This frameless shower screen is 1200 x 900 x 2000mm and features 10mm Australian Standard Clear Glass that is toughened for strength and safety.
The handles and fixtures are durable chrome-plated solid 304 stainless steel and chrome-plated brass. The no-fuss modern design allows easy access for cleaning. Our frameless glass sliding door meets the highest standards in quality and safety.
- Assemble Size(mm): 1200x900x2000
- Glass:10mm thickness high toughened glass with AS/NZS 2208 certification.
- Rail system: #304 stainless steel polished.
- Rollers, handle, brackets: chrome-plated brass. with bumper strip and PVC seals.
4 Boxes, 95kg Approx
- A Box, 201*65*3.5cm
- B Box, 202*61*3.5cm
- C Box, 202*92*3.5cm
- D Box, 5*5*5cm
Carefully Flat Packed for Peace of Mind Delivery
Shower screen size is not adjustable. Please ensure you measure your space correctly as we cannot accept returns for incorrect size.
* Note: Please note that goods types over 35kg will require a forklift at the delivery point. Alternatively, please ensure a second person is available to assist the driver to unload your consignment. If you are unable to supply a second person to assist unload, the carrier may use a tailgated/craned vehicle for an additional fee.
Additional Information
|Product Video
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text:
RANCHO CUCAMONGA, Calif. — The East Los Angeles College Huskies women's soccer team was shut out by South Coast Conference North Division leader Chaffey College 4-0.
The Huskies fall to 5-7-5 overall and 1-4-2 in North play. Chaffey (12-2-2, 6-0) won the North title with the win today.
Chaffey scored two goals in each half, in the 2nd minute and the 24th minute. The Panthers added two more goals in the final 45 minutes, the first in the 64th minute and another in the 85th. The Huskies couldn't close the lanes in Chaffey's scoring attacks.
ELAC was outshot 15 to eight. Three freshmen led the ELAC attacks, Crystal Gonzalez with four shots (three on goal), Perla Navarro with three (two) and Julianne Garcia added a shot.
Sophomore goalkeeper Adriana Huerta (South East High School) had 11 saves today.
ELAC hosts Los Angeles Harbor College and Mt. San Antonio College next week to end its 2018 campaign.
Follow ELAC Athletics at http://athletics.elac.edu/landing/index or on Facebook at ELAC Huskies Athletics (@elachuskiesathletics
story submitted by Tadzio Garcia


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1. Get your dog out of direct heat
2. Check for shock. Signs include: collapse, body temperature 104° F+, bloody diarrhea or vomit, depression stupor, seizures or coma, excessive panting or difficulty breathing, increased heart rate, salivation.
3. Take your dog's temperature.
4. Spray your dog with cool water then retake temperature.
5. Place water-soaked towels on the dog's head, neck feet, chest and abdomen, turn on a fan and point it in your dog's direction, rub Isopropyl alcohol (70%) on the dog's foot pads to help cool him but don't use large quantities.
6. Take your dog to the nearest veterinary hospital.
During a heat crisis, the goal is always to decrease the dog's body temperature to 103° F in the first 10-15 minutes. Once 103° F is reached, you must stop the cooling process because the body temperature will continue to decrease and can plummet dangerously low if you continue to cool the dog for too long.
Even if you successfully cool your pet down to 103° F in the first 10-15 minutes, you must take the dog to a veterinarian as soon as possible because consequences of heat stroke will not show up for hours or even days. Potential problems include abnormal heart rhythms, kidney failure, neurological problems and respiratory arrest.
It is important to know if your pet is predisposed to dog heat stroke, which is true of dogs with short snouts such as bulldogs, pugs and many other breeds. Other common causes of heat stroke include: a previous episode of heat stroke, leaving a dog in a parked car, excessive exercise in hot, humid weather (this may be exercise that your dog can usually handle but not in warmer weather), lack of appropriate shelter outdoors, thicker-coated dogs in warm weather and underlying disease such as upper airway, heart of lung disease.


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Dogs (4-H ONLY)
Last Update: 12 June 2017
Superintendent: Knox County 4-H Canine Council
Supervisor: Andrea Rees
Junior Fair Board: Renee Kinser
Arrival Time – Carry in the Day of Show
Sunday, July 23, 1:00 p.m., Multi-Purpose Building
Showman of Showmen
Wednesday, July 26 5:00 p.m., Multi-Purpose Building
Release Time – Carry out the Day of Show
Rules and Regulations
General Information
- All dogs participating at the Knox County Fair must be immunized against distemper, adenovirus (hepatitis), Bordetella, leptospirosis, parainfluenza, parvo virus, corona virus (for dogs under one year as of show day) and rabies. Dogs shall currently be licensed in their county of residence. All participants must have a certificate of vaccination and a license. The required vaccinations must be given prior to April 14, 2017 and valid through August 6, 2017.
- Dogs will not be housed on the fairgrounds. They should be brought in for the show,
- Be under control while on the grounds and taken home that night.
- Exhibitors may show no more than two animals and the animal must be current year project.
- See General Junior Fair Information.


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Reptile Care notes-101
I have been reading up on some care sheets and I have come to the decision that they all (or at least most) lack something that folks new to reptiles must know. To our experienced reptile owners, please add other items that are also important in your mind as well.
WATER BOWLS: All care sheets point out that "fresh clean water must be available at all times". Yes that IS correct, but what defines "fresh and clean"? Lets look at fresh... I do my cleaning on Saturdays and I have an extra 2 water bowls for each cage in use. I fill each water bowl and every day I look to see if it hasn't been flipped over. Every second day I rub my finger along the bottom to see if it is slippery (white slime). If it is I replace it. White slime is in fact an algae that grows in normal house water. Snakes and other reptiles can smell it and will not touch the water. I also replace any water the snake has soaked in or defecated in (naturally).
Substrate: Which ever substrate you use, it must be kept clean... don't just LOOK...SNIFF too!! Carefully I might add.... I lay my hand on top of my snake and I stick my head almost in the enclosure to smell what I cannot see. A clean environment will help you reptile to be healthy.
Have 1 or 2 big enough to soak in, at the warm and cool sides respectively, and have a small water bowl, too small for the snake to fit in, designated only as drinking water on the cool side as well. I use small aquariums for my snakes to soak in, as they are rather large for conventional bowls. Using square plastic totes Makes it harder to flip them over, and putting them on the enclosure bottom with the substrate around it keeps snakes from getting under them. Soak bowls should provide ample room for the snake to fully submerge, and if only half filled, this will cut down on overflow messing up your substrate.
Denny! If you don't stop posting stickys I'm gonna take a stick after you! D<
Would always recommend boiling any water you use for your snake...kills all algae and bacteria. Also totally agree with Denny, the sniff test is way better than just looking.
Also if adding anything to your reptiles enclosure disinfect / boil or cook it....just because you bought from a shop doesn't equal clean.
This gonna be a long topic....lol
After I move to Alabama I am going to take a side trip to (you know where) and bend you over my knee and SPANK you!!!!! lol We will have to do lunch first though!! lol
Denny is just trying to help New members ok! Lovesnuffles, i loved what you said, Denny! If you don't stop posting stickys I'm gonna take a stick after you! i show that to my mom and we were both Gigglen!
I never thought of boiling the water.... darn! Thanks Raptor!!
NIKKI!!!!!!!! don't push me LMAO I'll spank you too...ROFL
You would so have to catch me first! :P
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On Saturday I led an all day free motion quilting workshop. Fifteen students learned about batting, threads, quilting needles, and straight line and free motion quilting.
I've been quilting these fat quarter-sized samples of what can be done with backing fabric that has a distinctive pattern. Quilters who use such a print will need to make the quilt sandwich upside down (quilt top face down on the table, batting, then backing), but how nice to just follow the fabric pattern to get an all over design on the front.
Love this "Drawn" fabric by Angela Walters for Robert Kaufman. She calls her wide-back fabric designs "training wheels" for quilters. This one quilts lovely feathers. I showed these samples to Saturday's class, suggesting such fabrics as an option for practicing FMQ.
Our Hogan is doing great! He visited the vet last week and after Dan and I told her about his dry cough, his nearly incessant paw-licking, and showed her a couple pink-looking spots on his tummy, we agreed that he should be on steroids again. Once he started them, within two days he stopped coughing and licking.
He's acting like he feels good, though being 12-1/2 years old, he sleeps a lot. The sarcoma is still there though, in the muscles on his right front chest. It will inevitably return as a small, then larger, visible lump. We're hoping that's months away. In the meantime we're treating him like a king. For the first time, he ate green beans (from the farmer's market, and steamed) and loved them. He also likes popcorn fresh from the popper (unsalted), braunschweiger, and peanut butter, and I've been baking "cookies" for him that he practically salivates over. We know we've created "a monster," but we consider him a much-loved and deserving one.
Though these books are fairly expensive, I'm glad I can save the thousands of words I've written, and hundreds of pictures I've taken over the past seven years.
Three upcoming medical appointments are on my mind, and make me grateful that I unintentionally scheduled a teaching break from February 9-29. During that period, I'll have two tests and a procedure. While I've been feeling anxious, I've been trying to focus on the "light." The Holy Spirit led me to this verse from Psalm 112:4:
Even in the darkness light dawns for the upright,Linda
for the gracious and compassionate and righteous woman.


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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have emerged as breakthrough treatments for myocardial infarction. However, the efficacy of MSC remains unclear. The aim of the study was to evaluate treatment effect of MSC in terms of mechanical, regenerative, and clinical outcomes for patients with myocardial infarction (MI) using meta-analysis.
A systematic search and critical review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane database literature published from inception through December 2017 was performed. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials, studies on patients with myocardial infarction, and studies compared with placebo as a control group.
A total of 950 patients from 14 randomized placebo controlled trials were included in the final meta-analysis. MSC treatment showed benefits for mechanical, regenerative, and clinical outcomes. In terms of mechanical outcomes, the LVEF of the MSC treatment group increased by 3.84% (95% CI: 2.32~5.35,
The findings of this meta-analysis indicate that MSCs can be beneficial in improving heart function in the treatment of MI. However, the efficacy of MSCs must be further explored through large randomized controlled trials based on rigorous research design.
Several meta-analyses demonstrated that bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell (BM-MNC) therapy for patients with ischemic heart disease showed slightly but significantly increased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from 2.51 to 4.77% compared to controls (1–4). However, the results of individual patient data including 1,252 patients from 12 randomized clinical trials showed no changes in LVEF (mean difference: 0.96%, 95% confidence interval: −0.2 to 2.1) compared to controls (5). BM-MNC was not associated with reduced all-cause mortality and morbidity compared to standard therapy for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (6). Conversely, BM-MNC reduced mortality, periprocedural adverse events were infrequent, and the incidence of non-fatal myocardial infarction and arrhythmias was reduced in patients with chronic myocardial infarction (CMI) (7).
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and cardiac stem cells have emerged as breakthrough treatments of myocardial infarction. MSC can be safely obtained from adult bone marrow and enriched and expanded by in vitro culturing. MSC can be safely administered without the need for immunosuppressant agents, and they are less prone to genetic abnormalities and malignant transformation during multiple passages in vitro (8–10). Studies in animal models of myocardial infarction have demonstrated the ability of transplanted MSC to engraft and differentiate into cardiomyocytes and vascular cells (11–13). MSC have been used in humans for approximately 10 years to repair or regenerate injured heart, either directly or indirectly (through paracrine effects). Clinical trials suggest that intracoronary administration of autologous bone marrow-derived MSC can improve left ventricular function in patients with myocardial infarction (14). Also, clinical feasibility and safety trials have been published using bone marrow allogeneic mesenchymal cells in patients with myocardial infarction (15, 16).
Mortality is currently regarded as the most important endpoint to evaluate efficacy of heart failure (HF) drugs in regulatory perspectives (17). Since 2002 (18), numerous clinical trials on efficacy of stem cell therapy for heart disease have been performed but most of the efficacy have evaluated using surrogate endpoints such as LVEF and infarct size. A previous study reported that improved LVEF (mechanical parameter) and reduced infarct size (regenerative parameter) have correlated with long-term outcomes in heart disease (19). In addition, the employment of sophisticated imaging like MRI has played a role in accurately detecting regeneration of myocardium in the assessment of stem cell efficacy (20).
However, no consensus has been developed in MSC treatment of ischemic heart disease focusing on mechanical, regenerative, and clinical outcomes. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis based on the current evidence of prospective randomized controlled trials on treatment with MSC in terms of mechanical, regenerative, and clinical outcomes for patients with MI.
This systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines (http://www.prisma-statement.org/). A systematic search and critical review of the literature published from inception through December 2017 was performed of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for clinical studies written in English of MSC transplantation in patients with MI using the following terms: "Mesenchymal Stromal Cell", "Mesenchymal Stem cell", "Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell", "Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells", "Myocardial Infarction" "Cardiovascular Stroke" and "Heart Failure". The complete search strategy was provided in the Supplementary appendix. The inclusion criteria were restricted to the following studies to evaluate the efficacy of MSC treatment: randomized controlled trials (RCT), studies of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or chronic myocardial infarction (CMI), and studies comparing placebo as a control group. The administration route, origin of MSC, and MSC differentiation were not restricted. Exclusion criteria were in vivo or in vitro studies; injection of cells other than MSC; studies other than RCT, secondary report, poster presentation, review, or editorial; and studies not written in English. Article selection procedures were independently conducted by two authors with standard methods. Two investigators independently screened all titles and abstracts to identify extracted relevant studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and then independently assessed a full text review for relevant studies. Disagreements were resolved by consensus.
Two investigators extracted data using customized data extraction forms. The following data were extracted: year of publication, country of patient enrollment, numbers of patients allocated to stem cell treatment and control groups, route of stem cell administration, MSC cell type, cell origin, injection dose, follow-up period (months), and whether or not cell differentiation was performed. The efficacy of MSC therapy was assessed in terms of mechanical, regenerative, and clinical outcomes. Mechanical outcomes were evaluated by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), 6-minute walking distance (6MWD), and wall motion score index (WMSI). Regenerative outcome was assessed by reduced infarct size. Clinical outcomes were evaluated based on all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), arrhythmia, re-hospitalization for HF, and revisualization. Outcome data were extracted up to the maximum follow-up period to evaluate MSC treatment effect. The time point farthest from cell transplantation was used because this was the best predictor of clinical outcome. Mechanical outcome data, including LVEF, LVESV, and LVEDV, were extracted at baseline and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months to identify changes over time and evaluate length of MSC treatment. Mean changes of LVEF, LVESV, and LVEDV were evaluated at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months from baseline. The trials were assessed for efficacy outcomes at each follow-up point.
For dichotomous outcomes, the number of events was recorded. For continuous outcomes, the mean, standard deviation, and total sample size were recorded for both treatment and control groups. Outcome data were extracted for the maximum follow-up period, and MSC treatment effects were evaluated based on difference between treatment and control groups. If follow-up data were not present in the original article, changes (
Two investigators independently assessed the risk of bias for randomized controlled trials using criteria based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (21). Each study was examined for sequence generation, allocation concealment, masking, performance bias, detection bias, incomplete outcome data, selective outcome reporting, and other bias that might affect the study outcome. Judgments were expressed simply as "low risk of bias," "high risk of bias," or "unclear risk of bias." Overall quality was divided into low risk of bias and high risk of bias. Low risk of bias in overall quality was defined as all of the quality assessment domains evaluated as other than "high risk of bias." Quality assessments were independently conducted by two authors. Disagreements were resolved by discussion between the two authors.
Outcome data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 (Cochrane collaboration). For dichotomous data, MSC treatment effects were calculated as a risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Mantel-Haenszel methods. For continuous data, MSC treatment effects were presented as weighted mean difference (WMD) if outcomes were measured in the same way across trials. For outcomes measured using different methods, treatment effect data were combined using the standardized mean difference (SMD). Mechanical and regeneration outcome data were pooled using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model because of the high degree of heterogeneity. Clinical outcome data were pooled using the fixed effect model because they showed low heterogeneity. The existence of heterogeneity among effect sizes of individual studies was analyzed with the
Because of different disease characteristics with AMI and CMI, MSC treatment effect differed due to the disease itself. Several previous meta-analyses of BM-MNC injection in patients with MI revealed that treatment effect varied depending on route of administration and measurement tools (23). A previous meta-analysis suggested that randomized controlled trials testing efficacy should be appropriately designed and rigorously applied to avoid bias (4). Therefore, preplanned subgroup analyses were conducted based on patient characteristics (AMI or CMI), route of delivery (intracoronary, intravenous, or intramyocardial), measurement tools (single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or echocardiography), whether cell differentiation was conducted or not, and overall risk of bias (low risk or high risk) to explore the source of heterogeneity. The likelihood of publication bias was tested graphically and quantitatively using funnel plot and Egger test.
The initial search identified 2,272 articles, of which 2,113 references were excluded in the first screening. Of the remaining 159 potentially relevant references, 104 were excluded for being experimental studies, reviews, editorials, or comments. Fifty-five articles were reviews with full text. Fourteen randomized placebo controlled trials of 35 references were eligible for final analysis (14–16, 24–34). A summary of the study classification is presented in a PRISMA flow diagram (Fig. 1).
A total of 950 patients (MSC injection group 509, control group 441) from 14 randomized placebo controlled trials were included in the final meta-analysis. Publication years were from 2004 to 2017. Most of the included studies (11 out of 14) were published from 2013 to 2017. Of 12 studies, 6 included acute MI patients (14, 15, 24, 27–29), and the other 8 included chronic MI patients (16, 25, 26, 30–34). The baseline LVEF of AMI patients ranged from 43.1 to 52.0, and that of CMI patients was between 17.5 and 35.7. MSC was infused into intracoronary (5 studies) (24, 27–30), intramyocardial (5 studies) (16, 25, 26, 31, 32), and intravenous (2 studies) (14, 15) locations. Total injected cell doses ranged from 1 to 600×106. Follow-up duration was from 3 to 24 months. In 4 of 14 studies, MSC were differentiated into cardiopoietic stem cells or mesenchymal precursor cells (Table 1) (16, 25, 26, 34).
A summary of the risk of bias is presented in Fig. 2. Of 14 randomized placebo controlled trials, 12 used computer-generated random sequence numbers to allocate participants. Nine studies mentioned allocation concealment (14–16, 25, 26, 31–34). Eight studies made an effort to maintain double blindness to reduce performance or detection bias (14–16, 26, 31–34). Eleven studies were evaluated as low risk of bias in terms of incomplete outcome data (14–16, 25, 26, 28, 29, 31–34). Nine studies were assessed as low risk of bias in selective outcome reporting compared to protocols from the protocol registration site (14–16, 26, 28, 31–34). Eight studies were evaluated as low risk of bias across all quality assessment domains (14–16, 26, 31–34) that were considered "low risk of bias" in the overall risk of bias assessment (Table 1).
In terms of mechanical outcomes, all but one study reported the efficacy of MSC using LV function (31). Mechanical outcomes were evaluated by LVEF, LVESV, LVEDV, and WMSI. WMSI was calculated by dividing the sum of the wall motion score by the number of visualized segments; a normal WMSI was 1. Compared to the control group, LVEF of the MSC treatment group increased by 3.84% (95% CI: 2.32~5.35,
Regenerative outcomes were measured by scar mass. Scar mass was reduced by 1.13 (95% CI: −1.80 to −0.46,
Subgroup analysis showed that improvements in LV function were statistically significant in CMI patients. When studies were compared based on the autologous or allergenic origin of MSC, there was greater improvement in autologous origin MSC (4.62, 95% CI: 1.16 to 8.08 vs. 2.78, 95% CI: 0.55 to 5.01, respectively). Regarding route of injection, intracoronary injection was associated with greater reduction in LVEF. Regarding LVEF measurement tools, there was greater improvement in SPECT than MRI or echocardiography. Studies with a high risk of bias showed slightly greater improvement than those with low risk of bias. Heterogeneity disappeared with autologous cell origin, intravenous administration, MRI assessment, and low risk of bias in methodological flaws based on the subgroup analysis (Table 2). The likelihood of publication bias was tested using a funnel plot and Egger test for LVEF. The funnel plot was symmetric and the Egger test was not significant (p=0.20), suggesting low susceptibility to publication bias (funnel plot not shown).
Compared to controls, the MSC treatment group LVEF improved by 5.8%, 7.6%, 2.4%, and 4.4% at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively, and LVESV decreased by 20.1 ml, 8.7 ml, 7.6 ml, and 8.4 ml, respectively. The MSC treatment group showed greater decreases in LVEDV than the control group at each follow-up point, with decreases of 7.4 ml, 7.4 ml, 6.2 ml, and 12.2 ml, respectively. Trials were assessed for efficacy outcomes at each follow-up point. The results show that LVEF increased after injection of MSC, and this effect was maintained for up to 24 months (Fig. 4).
MSC treatment showed benefits on mechanical, regenerative, and clinical outcomes. In terms of mechanical outcomes, the LVEF of the MSC treatment group increased by 3.84% (95% CI: 2.32~5.35,
According to a meta-analysis of BMC treatment effect in ischemic heart failure with similar inclusion criteria as this study, BMC therapy affected mechanical, regenerative, and clinical outcomes. BMC transplantation resulted in improved LVEF (2.92%, 95% CI: 1.91~3.92), reduced infarct size (−2.25%, 95% CI: −3.55 to −0.95), and significantly lower incidence of all-cause mortality (OR= 0.55, 95% CI: 0.34~0.89) (36).
A recent in vivo study compared MSC and BMC cell delivery in a porcine model of chronic ischemic heart disease. This study showed that MSC was more effective than BMC in improving global heart function. Cell therapy was not associated with increased mortality (37). A preclinical meta-analysis also revealed that MSC were more beneficial in ischemic heart disease than BMC (38).
The exact mechanisms by which MSC act remain incompletely described. It is likely that there are myriad effects from these versatile stem cells, rather than a single mechanism of action. Research has shown that a number of factors, both in vitro and in vivo, contribute to the salutary effects of MSC therapy after MI. Possible mechanisms include: 1) MSC differentiate into new cardiomyocytes or other cell types (39), 2) MSC enhance the neovascularization response after myocardial infarction (40), 3) MSC act as reservoirs for paracrine mediators that are the actual effectors of observed cardiac repair (41), 4) MSC stimulate endogenous cardiac precursors to repair the damaged tissue (42). Further research into the precise mechanism might facilitate improved techniques to achieve even more functional repair for damaged hearts, which will benefit patients in the long run.
MI leads to significant cell loss and scar tissue formation. The remaining cardiomyocytes cannot reconstitute necrotic tissue, and cardiac function deteriorates during the ensuing course. The efficacy of MSC therapy in myocardial infarction might contribute to multiple biological mechanisms, including cardiac regeneration, neovascularization, paracrine effect, and immune regulation. MSC isolated from adult bone marrow differentiated into cardiomyocytes in large animal models (43–45). Transplantation of MSCs by injection into the myocardium showed positive cardiac markers in infarcted myocardium (43, 44). MSCs can also achieve engraftment and long-term survival in scarred myocardium (35).
Though MSC have great potential as a new therapy to treat damaged myocardium, it is crucial to address safety concerns in clinical applications. Several reports have raised concerns about tumor formation with the use of BM-derived MSC and malignant tumors when transplanted in vivo (46, 47). Although malignant transformation and tumor formation with MSC are not yet reported in clinical trials, concerns related to the tumorgenicity of MSC were raised by preclinical studies demonstrating increased tumor progression (48). A clinical study reported that intracoronary infusion of MSC was involved in acute coronary artery occlusion during the BMSC injection procedure (27).
The findings of this meta-analysis indicate that BM-MSC can be beneficial in improving heart function in the treatment of MI. However, the efficacy of MSC must be further explored through large randomized controlled trials based on rigorous research design. MSC therapy appears to be safe. However, the safety of MSC must be further explored through clinical studies based on a research design that allows systematic monitoring and reporting of safety to establish the appropriate safety profile of MSC. In addition, potential AEs of MSC must be verified by long-term follow-up studies with continuous caution.
This research was supported by a grant (18172MFDS182) from the Ministry of Food & Drug Safety in 2018. The Ministry of Food & Drug Safety had no further role in areas of study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, report writing, or in the decision to submit the paper for publication.
*Numbers in the table indicate the numbers of trials including analysis at each follow-up point. LVEF: left ventricle ejection fraction; LVEDV: left ventricle end-diastolic volume; LVESV: left ventricle end-systolic volume. Error bars indicated 95% Confidence Interval.
This study has been granted an exemption from requiring ethics approval by the Institutional Review Board of The Catholic University of Korea (Approval number: MC17ZESE0055). Consent to participate is not applicable.
All authors consent for publication
Not applicable
This research was supported by a grant (18172MFDS182) from the Ministry of Food & Drug Safety in 2018.
HJ participated in eligibility screening, data extraction, protocol preparation, analysis, data interpretation, and writing the manuscript; HWY participated in the scientific concept, eligibility screen, data extraction, quality assessment data analysis, analysis and interpretation of data, protocol preparation, scientific guidance, and critical review of the manuscript; YC and HH participated in design and implementation of search strategies, initial eligibility screening, data verification, and critical review of the manuscript; HJP and IO participated in clinical content, comments on protocol, and critical review of the manuscript; NK participated in design and implementation of search strategies, data search, and validation. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The authors have no conflicting financial interest.


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[1] Z. Qu ,"Robust control of nonlinear systems by estimating time variant uncertainties," IEEE Trans. on Automatic Control, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 121-115, 2002.
[2] H. Lee ,"Robust Adaptive Fuzzy Control by Backstepping for a Class of MIMO Nonlinear Systems", IEEE Trans. on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 265, 2011. - 275,
[3] J. Zhou, C. Wen, and Y. Zhang; ,"Adaptive Backstepping Control of a Class of Uncertain Nonlinear Systems With Unknown Backlash-Like Hysteresis", IEEE Trans . on Automatic Control, vol. 49, no. 10, pp. 1757-1751, 2004.
[4] J. Maneeratanaporn, P. Patompak, and S. Varongkriengkrai ,"Adaptive Backstepping Controller for Triple Rotary Joint Manipulator", in SICE Annual Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 436-431, 2010.
[5] Z. Pan, and T . Basar ,"Adaptive controller design for tracking and disturbance attenuation in parametric strict-feedback nonlinear systems", IEEE Trans. on Automatic Control, vol. 43, no.8, pp. 1066-1083, 1998.
[6] E. Fridman, U. Shaked "An improved stabilization method for linear time-delay systems", IEEE Trans. on Automatic Control, vol. 47, pp.1931-1937, 2002.
[7] S. K. Nguory ,"Robust stabilization of a class of time-delay nonlinear systems", IEEE Trans. on Automatic Control, vol.45, pp. 756-762, 2000.
[8] S. Xu, J. Lam, and Y. Zou ,"Delay-dependent guaranteed cost control of uncertain system with state and input delays", IEEE Proceedings Control Theory and Applications, vol. 153, no.6, pp. 307-313, 2006.
[9] J. D. Chen ,"Delay-dependent robust H∞ control of uncertain neutral systems with state and input delays : LMI optimization approach", Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, vol. 33, no.2, pp. 595-606, 2007.
[10] S. Tong, W. Wang, and L. Qu ,"Decentralized robust control for uncertain T–S fuzzy large-scale systems with time-delay", International Journal of Innovative Computing Information and Control, vol. 3, no.3, pp. 657-672, 2007.
[11] J. P. Gao, B. Huang, and Z. D. Wang ,"LMI-based robust H∞ control of uncertain linear jump systems with time-delays", Automatica, vol.37, no. 7, pp. 1141-1146, 2001.
[12] B. T. Cui and M. Hua ,"Observer-based passive control of linear time-delay systems with parametric uncertainty", Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, vol. 32, pp. 160-167, 2007.
[13] F. L. S. He ,"Observer-based passive control for nonlinear uncertain time-delay jump systems", Acta Mathematica Scientia. Series A vol. 29, no.2, pp. 135-143, 2009.
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Amirkabir Journal of Mechanical Engineering is licensed under a"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC 2.0)"
Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic)


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Presidential candidates said to embarrass typical American families
The Bush–Kerry race is causing much anguish and confusion among Texas crack dealers, threatening to hold down the November 2 turnout in this crucial voting bloc, the Voice has learned. Both candidates are being blamed. The following "Dear Abby" letter is just one version; it was forwarded to me from Canada by Marg in Ottawa, via Jim in Toronto:
Dear Abby,
I am a crack dealer in Beaumont, Texas, who has recently been diagnosed as a carrier of the HIV virus. My parents live in Fort Worth and have recently been arrested for growing and selling marijuana. They are financially dependent on my two sisters, who are prostitutes in Dallas. I have two brothers; one is currently serving a non-parole life sentence at Huntsville for the murder of a teenage boy in 1994. My other brother is currently in jail awaiting charges of sexual misconduct with his three children. I have recently become engaged to marry a former prostitute who lives in Longview. Well, not exactly former. She's still a part-time "working girl."
My problem is this: I love my fianc̩e and look forward to bringing her into the family. I certainly want to be totally open and honest with her. Should I tell her about my cousin who supports George W. Bush for president?
Worried About My Reputation


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thanks to Beverly at How Sweet The Sound.
Don't you love all of the retro pink toys out there these days?
My little princesses would have had these for sure!!!!! (Okay, so I couldn't resist throwing in a pink tutu and the piano was just so darned cute:-)
Thanks for stopping by and be sure to visit the other Pink Saturday hostesses!
But before I go, Beverly requested that us "Pink Saturday" ladies visit a new blog this week and share the blog with others. I mentioned this blog once already because I met her this week when she entered...and won my giveaway on Monday. Her name is Cynthia and her blog is Beauty and Blessings. Cynthia just discovered blogging and is very new, just beginning to post. She is a precious lady who, if you read her "about me" profile, has had the kind of 9 months you wouldn't wish on your worst enemy. I don't know if the blogging bug will catch on or not but I do know she would appreciate all of the encouragement you can pass her way, so if you have an extra moment in your pink saturday, please stop by and introduce yourself and your blog to Cynthia. Thanks!


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Welcome to our newly formatted website, we hope you like the fresh new look. Check back here to read what I have to say on the topics of carpet care, upholstery care, oriental rug care as well as flood tips. If there is a topic you would like me to discuss, please contact me with your suggestion. Thanks for visiting, have a great day!
Website Re-Design
January 17, 2011 By Leave a Comment


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Our pets can do some quirky things, but even the strangest behaviors may have reasons behind them. Here are explanations of some common pet behaviors. Does your furry friend have any of these habits? Tell us about it in the comments!
Q: Why does my dog tip his head when he hears something?
A: While incredibly cute, the head tilt may be your dog's way of trying to hear something more clearly. This position leans one ear forward to better catch the sound. Another theory involves patterned behavior. In other words, it looks cute for a reason. If you tend to lovingly pet your canine after a head tilt, then a sideways look may be a request for affection. Learn more
Note: Please consult your veterinarian if you have any questions about your pet's specific behavior. Your veterinarian can give you advice about your individual pet's needs and rule out any potential medical issue.


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For our September Member of the Month, the Line and Civil Office would like to recognize Charlie Schreiber. Charlie has been a member of the association since 2000 and can be counted on to help out when needed.
Charlie has been an active member of the antique truck committee since 2004. Since this time, he has been instrumental to maintain the quality of the antique truck. Most recently, Charlie was faced with an issue with the antique due to the tires. Due to perseverance, Charlie was able to work with another department to utilize their antique truck tires in order to support a funeral detail for one of our members.
Over the last few months, Charlie constructed a casket guide rail system for the antique. This materials and supplies for this system was purchased out of Charlie's own money.
Charlie is someone regularly goes above and beyond without prompting. The Line and Civil Office would like to recognize and congratulate Charlie Schreiber as this months Member of the Month.


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We stayed in Siem Reap for four days. It was the rainy season but we weren't so unlike (we just have one fun anecdote about it that we'll tell you on another post). So we could enjoy the place by walk, by yuk-tuk, and by bike!
The second day we visited Agnkor Wat temples (yeah, the ones with the big heads and the trees going into the stone that appear in Lara Croft film) we made it by bike. It was hot and we finished exhausted but experience was amazing and the photos as well.
If you don't believe it, look for yourself!


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What we liked:
Taste panel comments included "Wow..., this is one tasty, tangy dressing.", "If you like Greek Style dressings, this one is worth trying", "In addition to salads, this dressing would be great with Gyros and other dishes.", "This was even better than I expected." and "I can't wait to try this dressing with some of the recipes on the company's website."
Litehouse was the name of the restaurant owned in Hope, Idaho, by the founding Hawkins family. It was famous for it's extensive salad bar serving the original Bleu Ceese dressing. Bottles of the dressing were first sold in 1963.
Litehouse Foods Inc. provides a wide selection of quality food products including:
Greek Style, Blue Cheese Ranch, Vinaigrettes, Lite & Low Fat, Specialty and moreVe
Veggie Dips:
Avacado, Ranch, Spinach Parmesan, Salsa, Salsa and more
Fruit Dips:
Caramel, Chocolate, Strawberry, Cream Cheese, Reduced Sugar Caramel, and more
Instantly Fresh Freeze-dried Herbs:
Basil, Chive, Garlic, Jalapeno, Parseley, and more
Blue, Feta, and Gorganzola
Apple Cider:
Litehouse, Gala, Honey Crisp
For ingredients and/or specific dietary concerns consult product package and or contact Litehouse Foods Inc..
We purchased ours at our local Ralph's supermarket www.ralphs.com in Southern California
Litehouse products are available in several states and chains throughout the U.S.. Selection may vary. See "Store locator" on company website.
www.litehousefoods.com or 1.800.669.3169


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Luxury serviced apartments, suitable for both short and long term stays. Our city centre Liverpool serviced apartments are an ideal alternative to hotels whether staying for business, pleasure or a bit of both. Prepare your favourite meals in the fully equipped kitchen; relax on comfy sofas in the lounge; entertain in the open-plan dining area. Accommodation available in either 1 or 2 bedroom apartments offering you the space and comfort of your own home. A place where you can book apartments for one night or more.
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PREMIER SUITES Liverpool is ideally situated in Liverpool city centre. Our iconic teardrop shaped building is part of the Eden Square Development, less than 10 minutes walk from city centre attractions and business districts. Albert Dock and Liverpool's waterfront is located a 20 minute walk from our front door.
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Sleep Related Breathing Disorders
Sleep disorders cause problems while a person is sleeping or trying to sleep. A common breathing disorder during sleep is sleep apnea. An individual with sleep apnea can actually stop breathing for as long as one or two minutes and may do so dozens or even hundreds of times per night. This stoppage of breathing results in broken sleep and all of the other problems associated with a lack of sleep. Most significantly, the lack of breathing can lead to hypoxemia, which is the lack of oxygen in the arterial blood.
The lack of oxygen in the blood can itself affect many of the body's other functions. The most directly affected are the body's lungs and heart. However, virtually all physical and most mental functions rely on the adequate transfer of oxygen from the blood stream. Thus, sleep related breathing disorders have far reaching consequences.
Some common work-related symptoms and results effects of sleep disorders include:
- Daytime fatigue / sleepiness
- Memory loss or dysfunction
- Disturbance of other cognitive abilities due to fatigue
- Disorientation
- Negative effects on the patient's personality and
- Hypertension
Causes of Sleep Disorders
An actual physical blockage of airflow typically causes breathing related sleep disorders. Another cause of sleep disorders is psychological in nature; for example, mental stress is a major component of an insomnia disorder.
Types of Sleep Disorders
Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder. Insomnia affects nearly 60 percent of adults at least one night each week. Common symptoms of insomnia include trouble going to sleep and waking before it is time to wake up. Many factors contribute to insomnia, which include stress and other underlying medical conditions. Typical medical treatment of insomnia includes sleeping pills and behavior therapy. Practicing good sleep habits, such as going to bed at the same time each night, can often be effective for treating mild cases of insomnia.
Sleep Apnea:
Sleep apnea is the second most common sleep disorder. Sleep apnea affects approximately 20 million Americans each year. As stated above, this disorder causes people to stop breathing suddenly while they are asleep. During this brief period where the individual is not breathing, carbon dioxide builds up in the blood and the sleeper wakes up suddenly to gasp for breath. The length of time that the individual stops breathing may vary from a few seconds to so long that the individual's skin actually turns blue from the lack of oxygen.
Narcolepsy is a neurological sleep disorder that causes periods of intense sleepiness during the daytime. Those suffering from narcolepsy often experience brief periods of overwhelming sleepiness and may even fall asleep for short periods of time during the day. These sleeping periods may last from just a few seconds to several minutes. In some cases, an individual's sleep may last up to an hour or more. Those with narcolepsy have been known to fall asleep in the middle of a conversation, while eating a meal or even while driving a motor vehicle.
In addition to sleepiness, narcolepsy may be accompanied by cataplexy, which involves the sudden loss of muscle tone and control. Cataplexy events can last from several seconds to several minutes. Other symptoms include hallucinations and paralysis during one's sleep.
Sleepwalking and Night Terrors:
Sleepwalking, also known as somnambulism, is characterized is when one gets out of bed while asleep.
Night terrors can affect people of any age. Typical symptoms include excessive sweating, shaking and obvious fear.
Chronic Cor Pulmonate:
Chronic Cor Pulmonate involves the obstruction of blood flow from the right side of the heart into the lungs. It is a common, medically verifiable and measurable breathing disorder caused by the lack of oxygenation in the blood.
Organic Mental Disorders:
The cause of breathing cessation during sleep may be entirely or partially due to psychological issues.
Sleep related breathing disorders can be treated. The more effective treatment methods include surgery and the use of constant positive air pressure (CPAP) masks while sleeping. Surgery may remove obstructing tissue in order to ensure that the breathing airway remains clear and open. A CPAP machine keeps the airway open by using a constant stream of positive air pressure blown into the airway (usually through the nose).
Filing for Long Term Disability Benefits with a Sleep Related Breathing Disorders Diagnosis
Regardless of the cause of your sleep disorder, it is important that you follow all treatment regimens prescribed for you. You will need thorough documentation of all attempts to treat your sleep disorder, along with the results, in order to qualify for Long Term Disability benefits.
Take a claim involving cor pulmonate, for example. You will need to show that cor pulmonate has occurred and is irreversible. This can be shown using medical imaging tests, spyrograph tests (which measures lung capacity and breathing), or a heart catheterization. The more medical evidence of the limitations and effects of your disabling condition, the better you will be able to make a case for long term disability benefits.
To qualify for disability based on the mental effects (or causes) of sleep disorders, you should show evidence of your mental heath care and follow all treatments prescribed by such providers.
Your Sleep Related Breathing Disorder Disability Case
The process of applying for disability benefits can be a long and difficult one. All too often, after spending several months during the application process, claimants are denied and faced with the choice of whether or not to pursue the matter through the appeals process.
An experienced long term disability lawyer knows how to present your claim to the insurance company in a manner which maximizes the likelihood that the insurance company will approve your claim. The difference between approval and denial is often in the way medical documentation is phrased rather than in the actual substance of medical reports.
To have your long term disability claim examined by an experienced disability lawyer, contact the Ortiz Law Firm at (888) 321-8131 today.


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Taking care of hospice patients presents challenges that agencies must be prepared to overcome. The focus should be on providing care and being present for patients, but care teams often find it difficult to balance this with documenting the care that they provide at the point of care. Hospice EHRs that feature complex, demanding interfaces can be overly distracting in this situation. Working with simplified, streamlined hospice EHRs that are still powerful in the backend helps care teams meet the needs of hospice patients more effectively.
Change coming in hospice settings
When the Office of the Inspector General released its work plan for the fiscal year 2017, its strategies highlighted the important role hospice care plays in the health care industry. The OIG recognizes that hospices can provide unique care advantages for individuals and their families. However, the OIG also believes that Medicare services must be used efficiently in order to meet care demands. As a result, the agency spent the fiscal year 2017:
- Dealing with vulnerabilities within payment systems.
- Improving compliance and oversight in both payment and quality-of-care segments.
- Ramping up review processes surrounding billing documents and medical records in hospice care settings.
These strategies highlight the growing need for transparency in hospice settings, and they can't afford to let the added scrutiny negatively impact patient care.
Considering unique hospice care requirements
A study from the Missouri Health Information Technology Assistance Center Department of Health Management and Informatics found that EHRs are used in approximately 74 percent of hospice care initiatives in the state. As technological innovation takes hold, the study pointed out that opportunities for improved care and cost reductions are available.
When it comes to hospice care, these strategies must incorporate the fact that a hospice prioritizes improving the quality of life of the patient. This can involve practical support for day-to-day activities or offering comfort and dignity to hospice patients and their families.
The need to focus on the more relational elements of care can be difficult to meet as hospices also need to ramp up documentation and data management processes. They need hospice EHRs that help them balance that need. A few key attributes to look for include:
- Easy collaboration between stakeholders so caregivers can pass along key notes pertaining to patient disposition instead of only sharing raw medical data.
- Quality assurance and control that operates in the background so caregivers have more streamlined interfaces to work with.
- Automated data sharing workflows between different user groups and disparate systems so caregivers do not need to enter data multiple times and can give more attention to patients.
Increased scrutiny around hospice care combined with unique care challenges can put stress on hospice agencies. Alleviating the clerical burden on caregivers through intuitive, user-friendly EHR systems positions hospice care providers to balance regulatory compliance and patient care goals.
The HEALTHCAREfirst Difference
HEALTHCAREfirst's hospice EHR, firstHOSPICE with CAREpliance™ technology gives hospices the freedom to focus more time on patients while providing the tools necessary to ensure complete, compliant clinical documentation. Built from the ground up by hospice professionals, firstHOSPICE places accurate, comprehensive patient data at your fingertips. With this information, every member of your IDT team is equipped to deliver excellent care at the point of care where they are needed most.


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We have been operating for more than 30 years and are one of the UK and Ireland's leading suppliers of trailers and trucks, with a large stock of New and Used equipment available for immediate delivery. Read more...
The Group is based in the UK and consists of:
The UK businesses also work alongside their sister companies based in Scandinavia including Danlast, Lastas and Kel-Berg Scandinavia.
Our stock includes tipping trailers, low loaders, grab loaders, rigid tippers, concrete mixer trucks, skip lorries and many more. All currently available equipment for sale can be found on our New and Used stock pages.
We pride ourselves on being a One Stop Shop. Well known for our Body and Trailer building capability, we also offer a range of services including:
Kel-Berg has earned its status within the industry for offering sound advice, high-quality products and service along with value for money. Our focus is always on you as a customer and helping your business. This is reflected in our reputation and the long-standing customer relationships we have developed over several decades.
Find out more about the company and its history by clicking here


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On 11th September 2015 Manchester Museum opens it's dynamic new space The Study. The Study will provide stimulating surroundings and resources for users ranging from hobbyists to academics to explore and be inspired by the museum's encyclopaedic collections. Part of this new space is a temporary exhibition gallery.
The inaugural exhibition for The Study's gallery is The Phantoms of Congo River: Photographs by Nyaba Ouedraogo. Nyaba is an internationally renowned photographer and previously exhibited work in Manchester at Manchester Art Gallery in 2012 during the season of West African art called We Face Forward. This exhibition is Nyaba's response to Joseph Conrad's infamous 1899 novella Heart of Darkness. The text raises challenging questions about 19th century colonialism and racism in Africa, questions that Nyaba confronts in his work. The curiosity and critique embedded in Nyaba's work is the kind of new thinking The Study aims to facilitate and encourage.
On display will be 13 of Nyaba's most powerful prints accompanied by stunning objects from the Living Culture's collection. You'll be able to peruse the full series of prints in Nyaba's catalogue which will be publicly available in the Discover area of The Study. We'll also have copies of Heart of Darkness in the Share area. From 11th September onwards there'll be an exciting series of events across The Study, including those related to the Congo, so keep up to date at the Manchester Museum website (http://bit.ly/1AuFKXT) and The Study Twitter feed (http://bit.ly/1INaiY2).


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Now I know I'm getting on a bit and it doesn't take too much to confuse me these days.
I'm not sure my industry does too much to help or promote itself, when its name keeps changing.
Back in the 70's I joined Marketforce, one of the market leaders in the house to house distribution market.
I never really thought about the industry name at the time, but in reality, it did what it said on the tin.
In the 90's it morphed into door to door distribution, I know not why, but again it seemed to fit (presumably taking flats into account as well!).
In the early noughties, letterbox marketing became the "popular" name (which removed all discrimination between property types!).
But then there was move within the then DMA Door to Door Council, to change the name to door drop, because that's what the "big media agencies" called it!
It was not a universally popular suggestion.
The bulk of DMA members never had or were ever likely to have, any dealings with "big media agencies" (I suspect that most non-members were probably the same), so didn't understand what the value of changing the name was.
But it happened (or was forced through) by interested parties.
In recent times, we have seen the rise of the name advertising mail.
From a DMA perspective, none of this has any real bearing any longer anyway.
Having forced the closure of the Council for reasons I still don't fully understand and created a smaller Door Drop Board, the industry has now totally lost its identity within its own trade association with the closure of the Board and the allocation of just three industry representatives (Neal is one) to a new Print Council.
What a horrendous concept.
Anyway, back to my industry's name.
To be fair, I cannot remember the last time a client or prospect referred to house to house.
But, we regularly receive enquiries for "distribution" and we commonly are asked if we provide direct mail services, when the enquirer actually means door drop.
The DMA website has a door drop supplier link, which will take you through to 12 listed, presumably member companies.
The Insert Company and Deutsche Post don't even sound like door drop companies and their company descriptions don't mention the medium, so it's a bit of a surprise they are listed.
Of the remaining 10, who are all door drop companies to my certain knowledge, 4 have letterbox in their name and that perhaps seems an industry favourite?
But, just for clarity (!), whether you are looking for house to house, door to door, Royal Mail door to door, letterbox marketing, door drop, solus, shared, advertising mail, distribution or even direct mail, we can help you!
I'd be interested to hear what you call the medium when you are considering using it?


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Scaffolding, Cradle Access or Rope Access Services
Our technical services such scaffolding, cradle or rope accesses are to ensure you the best cleaning and maintenance of your building. These services include external building painting, glass and façade cleaning, flag fixing, canopy cleaning and high ceiling cleaning and painting. There is no maximum height we can't deal with… the sky is the limit!
© All Rights Reserved Duo Star 2020


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Coming Up Tomorrow On Jamie's Radio 2 Show – Backstage At The Cheltenham Jazz Festival
May 2, 2011 BBC Radio 2 Show, Jamie Cullum News 0 Comments
For the second year in a row, Jamie presents a special show recorded backstage at the Cheltenham Jazz Festival.
Taking time out from his role as performer and guest director of the event, Jamie chats to musicians on the line-up and shares anecdotes from the festival, while showcasing music from the artists performing there. This year's acts include Pharoah Sanders, Dame Cleo Laine, Kit Downes, Kyle Eastwood and Andreya Triana.
Having just come back from the festival myself I can tell you that this will be a great show.
Listen online here tomorrow at 7pm


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The 2016 San Diego International Film Festival begins today. The festival, which runs from September 28th to October 4th, will feature over 100 films in a variety of genres.
Films to look out for this year include Maya Angelou and Still I Rise, a documentary about the late author; Denial, a film in which a historian sued for libel must prove the Holocaust occurred; and The Late Bloomer, a movie about a man who undergoes puberty in his 30's starring Johnny Simmons, J.K. Simmons, Jane Lynch, and Brittany Snow.
The festival encompasses a number of high-profile events. It begins in downtown San Diego with the screening of the Opening Night Film at the Balboa Theatre, followed by the SDiFF Opening Night After Party at the Westgate Hotel. September 29th is the Night of the Stars Tribute, held at the Museum of Contemporary Art in La Jolla. Film critics Jeffrey and Ben Lyons will host the event and San Diego native Annette Bening will be awarded the Gregory Peck Award for Excellence in Cinema. Culinary Cinema on October 2nd will include a documentary screening of Ants on a Shrimp followed by food and wine pairings put together by local chefs.


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Short Sleeve Tulip Layered Nursing T-shirt- Solid
Product #: 006-91333-03
Was $26.98 Now $9.98
- Select Color
- Select Size
Additional Information
Before hungry turns into hangry - this thoughtfully designed nursing top allows you to quickly and conveniently nurse or pump on-the-go. Featuring a discreet, pull-over nursing panel, breastfeeding can be achieved within seconds. What's more, this super soft, endlessly comfortable top styles perfectly with jeans for some daytime adventures or a casual dinner date with friends!
Product Details
- this jersey knit, layered crew neck nursing tee is soft and sweet. lift up a layer to make nursing easy and accessible while keeping cozy and comfy.
- nursing top
- short sleeve
- crew neck
- lift up double layer opening nursing function
- rayon/spandex
- jersey knit
- machine washable
- imported


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When considering graduate degree options, students are often faced with the difficult decision of determining exactly which degree path is best for them. A Master of Public Administration (MPA) degree shares some common curricular characteristics with a number of similar graduate options, however, each is uniquely designed to produce professionals with specialized skill sets.
What is an MPA?
Designed for those seeking leadership roles in the public or nonprofit sector, North Carolina Central University's MPA helps students develop skills in project and program management, policy implementation, public financial management, and human resources. Students complete a curriculum that revolves around core principles of public administration:
Upon graduation, students emerge prepared for careers in government, criminal justice, nonprofit management, urban planning, analysis, government affairs, advocacy, and national security.
MPA vs. MPP
Professionals who aspire to obtain careers in government have two major options for graduate education: an MPA or a Master of Public Policy (MPP). Both degree paths help students understand global concepts from social, economic, and political contexts, emphasizing ethical policy communication.
How does an MPP differ from an MPA?
Aimed at students interested in analyzing, evaluating, and solving policy-related issues, an MPP degree focuses heavily on concepts such as data management, statistical analysis, policy analysis and creation, and financial modeling. Unlike an MPA—which prepares students for leadership-focused careers—MPP graduates tend to be more qualified for analytical roles in fields such as health policy, advocacy, environmental policy, government, nonprofits, and consulting.
MPA vs. MBA
Both an MPA degree and a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree focus heavily on leadership and operations management; and many aspiring public service leaders are unsure which path to pursue.
How does an MBA differ from an MPA?
Designed for aspiring business leaders, MBA programs focus on skills such as human resource management, strategic thinking, business expertise, financial analysis, and consumer targeting.
Depending on their specialization, MBA graduates tend to be prepared for careers in fields such as marketing, financial advising, entrepreneurship and consulting, whereas MPA graduates from North Carolina Central University learn to apply their leadership skills toward careers in public service.
MPA vs. MPH
Those interested in the dynamic and quickly growing field of public health often weigh two options: an MPA or a Master of Public Health (MPH).
How does an MPH differ from an MPA?
MPH programs prepare students to work administratively and on the ground in key areas of public health. This degree option is suited for those who feel certain they want to pursue a career in public health and healthcare and who want to work closely with a community or population to address and prevent public health problems.
MPH programs typically place greater emphasis on theoretical exploration of population health, health policy, epidemiology, and patterns of disease. MPA programs focus more heavily on program implementation and management within these fields. For individuals who have a more general interest in public service, the MPA degree is a more versatile choice, as it can lead to a wider range of career options.
North Carolina Central University
(p) 919-530-6100
1801 Fayetteville St.
Durham, NC 27707


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Little Storytellers
Dates: Jul 30, 2018 - Aug 3, 2018
Join us on a trek as we splash, splosh and swish our way to find a bear.
Epping Forest District Museum
Family Fun
Dates: Jul 24, 2018 - Aug 21, 2018
Fun family art and craft activities for you to make together and take home.
Epping Forest District Museum
Dates: Jun 29, 2018 - Aug 5, 2018
This is an exhibition of work by a diverse group of contemporary artists who have come together to explore printmaking in the inspiring setting of Parndon Mill. They have been attending classes given by Tania Scott Durrant in her studio here, not only learning the various techniques of printmaking, but also forming bonds and being inspired by one another.
Parndon Mill
Summer of Science
Dates: Jul 22, 2018 - Aug 29, 2018
Blast Off this summer at the Royal Gunpowder Mills as Professor Nitrate and team bring out even bigger and better experiments during our Summer of Science as we open every Sunday, Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday between July 22 and August 29. There�s an action packed summer in store as we bring fun and creativity to the forefront of our open days.
Royal Gunpowder Mills, Waltham Abbey
Dates: Jun 30, 2018 - Aug 25, 2018
This exhibition is a celebration of the estuary of the River Stour which forms, for most of its length, the border between Essex and Suffolk. The show is part of the River Stour Festival which is celebrating the whole length of the river, its culture, communities and surrounding landscape throughout 2018. The Boat House Gallery in Flatford and the Sea Pictures Gallery in Clare are focussing on the stretches of the river relevant to them but North House Gallery overlooks the estuary which is crucial to the light and atmosphere of the spaces inside, almost as important as the views, which change constantly with the time, tide and weather.
North House Gallery
We Must Do Battle Where We Are Standing
Dates: Jun 27, 2018 - Sep 2, 2018
Exhibition by artist Kate Genever
Jaywick Martello Tower


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University Planning
Affordability and Financial Strength - Graphical
Fiscal Year 2010 Performance
Report - December 18, 2009 Update
We invite you to take advantage of our interactive dashboard presentation. The charts below represent how well we are achieving the progress desired in each of the performance indicators associated with the category of Affordability and Financial Strength.
Links are also provided to enable you to see a tabular representation of the data where you can sort the information by various attributes to enable you to further explore the data.
And remember, you can use the "breadcrumbs" near the top of this section to retrace your steps or you can use the navigation menu to the left to explore features other than our Affordability and Financial Strength indicators.
Switch to the sortable tabular style view.
Affordability and Financial Strength Progress
Western Illinois University has a strong history and commitment to maintaining cost predictability and affordability. From the time of application at the senior year of high school until college graduation, the student could have experienced four tuition and fee increases. However, Western's Cost Guarantee assumes no cost increases for four year once the student is enrolled. When dividing the Cost Guarantee over the students four years, Western has kept the all costs increases below the average increase in the Higher Education Price Index.
With limited cost increases, the percent of students graduating from Macomb with loans decreased during 2009, and the average debt load of these graduates increased by only $295 or 1.7 percent.
The Macomb Campus is ranked ninth lowest (of 13) in the percent of graduating students with loans. The average debt load of these graduates is the ninth lowest.
Compared to peer institutions, the Quad Cities Campus has the lowest percent of graduating students with loans. Furthermore, the average debt load of these students is the lowest for the five institutions reporting data.
In maintaining commitments to affordability, it is important to note a fundamental change in the state financing of Illinois public higher education. Annual state operating appropriations are below Western's all costs increases and the Higher Education Price Index. This, coupled with unfunded state mandates, has made the University increasing reliant on University Income Fund. State appropriations now account for less than one-half of the University's annual general revenue appropriation.
With conservative fiscal management, Western Illinois University contains costs and provides the resource base to support simultaneous advancement of the academic mission and service operations of the University.
The following financial ratios described in Strategic Financial Analysis for Higher Education (6th Edition) were used to determine if the institutional resource base is strengthening and supporting the goals and priorities of the University. Through conservative fiscal management, the University has improved it financial strength.
The University's primary reserve ratio demonstrates financial strength. A negative or decreasing trend over time would have indicated a weakening financial condition. The net operating revenue shows that Western has operated with a surplus in five of the last six years, therefore enabling the University to carry forward funds in conjunction with limitations established in Illinois statutes for public institutions. The viability ratio has also significantly improved since 2003, giving the University additional expendable net assets to satisfy debt obligations. While the return on net assets ratio is quite volatile and sensitive to inflationary and other economic conditions, including the recent recession, Western Illinois University maintains a constant return on net assets ratio.
Western is committed to efficiently allocating resources. Between Fiscal Years 2004 and 2008, the University remained below the statewide average on the instructional costs per credit hour.
CSU=Chicago State University, EIU=Eastern Illinois University, GSU=Governors State University, ISU=Illinois State University, NEIU=Northeastern Illinois University, NIU=Northern Illinois University, SIU-C=Southern Illinois University Carbondale, SIUE=Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, UIC=University of Illinois Chicago, UIS=University of Illinois Springfield, UIUC=University of Illinois Urbana/Champaign, WIU=Western Illinois University, Avg=Statewide Average
Western also maintains administrative costs per credit hour that are below the statewide average. The five-year increase in the administrative and support cost per credit hour at Western was $13.15, which is below the statewide average increase of $16.22.
CSU=Chicago State University, EIU=Eastern Illinois University, GSU=Governors State University, ISU=Illinois State University, NEIU=Northeastern Illinois University, NIU=Northern Illinois University, SIU-C=Southern Illinois University Carbondale, SIUE=Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, UIC=University of Illinois Chicago, UIS=University of Illinois Springfield, UIUC=University of Illinois Urbana/Champaign, WIU=Western Illinois University, Avg=Statewide Average
Limited staff growth helps to control administrative costs. The percent increase in the total number of staff at Western was below the average of all other Illinois public universities. Staff headcounts are reported in the table below as there is not published data for non-faculty staff years. Headcount serves as a proxy for staff years as most staff are on a 12-month contract and would be counted as one staff year.
Switch to the sortable tabular style view.


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Rhino Team Kit Bag
This large, PVC Bag is ideal to carry all of your team's playing kit as well as other items to game day.
Made from 550g coated PVC with strengthened stitching and 50mm webbing handles, it is durable and waterproof.
Dimensions: 100 x 50 x 40 cm
Colour: Rhino Blue PVC with white Rhino Branding