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Data Protection Statement of Paulaner Brauerei Gruppe GmbH & Co. KGaA
Thank you for your interest in our website. The protection of your privacy in relation to the processing of personal data is important to us. Paulaner Brauerei Gruppe GmbH & Co. KGaA will handle your data responsibly. Of course we therefore comply with the statutory provisions in collection, processing and use of your data, in particular as specified by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Federal Data Protection Act (Bundesdatenschutzgesetz; BDSG-new). Nevertheless, we know that many users of the internet experience considerable uncertainty about how this protection is ensured from case to case. The following data protection statement will therefore provide you with an overview of which data we collect, use, store and potentially pass on to any third parties, what safety measures we take for your protection and what information rights you have in this respect.
1. Information concerning collection of personal data
a) Below, we will inform you about collection of personal data when you use our website. Personal data are any data that permit a conclusion as to you personally, e.g. your name, address, email addresses, user behaviour.
b) The controller in accordance with sect. 4 para. 7 EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is Paulaner Brauerei Gruppe GmbH & Co. KGaA, represented by its personally liable shareholder Paulaner Verwaltungs GmbH, in turn represented by managing directors Dr. Jörg Lehmann, Andreas Steinfatt, Stefan Fischbach, Christiane Uhl and Raphael Rauer, Ohlmüllerstraße 42, D-81541 Munich, phone: 089 / 48 00 5-0, fax: 089 / 48 00 5-409, email: firstname.lastname@example.com.
2. Information on the data protection officer
The contact details of the data protection officer are: firstname.lastname@example.com.
3. Collection of personal data when you visit our website (type and purpose)
a) General
If you use our website for information, i.e. if you do not register or otherwise submit any information to us, we will only collect the personal data your browser submits to our server. The provider of the website will collect and store information in server log files that your browser submits to us automatically. These are:
The data named will be processed by us for the purpose of a smooth connection to the website in order to ensure comfortable use of our website, and to evaluate system safety and stability by us.
The legal basis for processing activities shall be sect. 6 para. 1 s. 1 lit. f) GDPR.
Our legitimate interests follow from the purposes listed above for data collection. We do not use the collected data in order to draw conclusions as to persons.
b) Contact form
When you contact us by email or through a contact form, the complete data disclosed by you (e.g. your complete name, postal code, place of residence and email address) will be saved by us in order to answer your questions.
Data processing for the purpose of contacting us shall take place according to sect. 6 para. 1 s. 1 lit. a) and b) GDPR based on your free consent and to perform pre-contractual measures upon your request.
4. Passing on personal data
a) The data will be system-technically forwarded to the provider who provides the web server. It operates its servers within Europe.
b) The data you send to us via the contact form will be forwarded to Schörghuber Corporate IT, Ohlmüllerstraße 42, D-81541 Munich, which provides the email server.
c) When conducting lotteries, we reserve the right to submit the required personal data to service providers that support us in the performance of the lottery, such as an agency or freight company charged with shipping the prizes. If such data transmission takes place, the corresponding data protection provisions or participation conditions will refer to this.
d) In addition to this, data will be passed on by using Google Analytics. For details, see item 6 a) of this data protection statement.
e) Your personal data will generally not be passed on to any third parties beyond this. We shall also only pass on your personal data to third parties if:
5. Use of cookies
a) What are cookies?
Cookies are small pieces of information that are stored on your computer, tablet or mobile phone when you visit a website and generally serve for more effective design of websites. Some cookies (session cookies) are deleted automatically after you close your browser; others in turn (persistent cookies or tracking codes) will be archived on the respective device until a specific expiration date or until the cache of your browser is deleted and permit us to identify you as a returning visitor of our website. Most web browsers accept cookies automatically. You can, however, change your browser's settings with simple clicks if you wish.
For more information on cookies, see www.allaboutcookies.org.
b) What do we use cookies for?
We use cookies for
We do not use our cookies to track your internet activities outside of our website.
c) What types of cookies are there?
Are deleted after closing the browser. Are used to record navigation on the website and the presence time. Store your login information and keep your login active during the session for the duration of your visit to the website.
Contain no personal data except for the IP address. Record from where you have called up the site, which search engine you used, which link was clicked and which search term was chosen, and localises the site of the user at the time of site access. Records the number of visits and the duration of the first, current and preceding visit. These cookies register only visits to our website and are not activated when you visit any other websites.
Our website uses retargeting technologies in order to make the internet offer more interesting for you. You will be marked by cookies when you visit certain websites and identified by them again later on other websites. We are certain that the display of personalised, interest-specific advertisements for the internet user is usually more interesting than advertisements that do not have any such personal references. These advertising media on the sites of our partners are displayed based on cookie technology and analysis of the previous usage behaviour. This form of advertising takes place entirely anonymised. No personal data are stored and no user profiles are combined with your personal data.
See use of Google AdWords
You may delete the cookies stored for our website. In this case, however, your individual data and contents, including your cookie settings, will be lost and you will not be recognised as a returning visitor the next time you call up our website.
d) Do you agree to our cookies?
We offer some online features that are to make your visit to our website as comfortable as possible. They only work using cookies, however. If you continue to navigate on our page, you agree to the use of such cookies. You can revoke your consent at any time.
e) What is the legal basis for use of cookies?
Use of cookies serves the purposes named above. The legal basis shall be sect. 6 para. 1 s. 1 lit. a) GDPR.
f) Revocation of cookie use
If you do not want us to recognise your computer again, you can prevent storage of cookies on your hard disc by choosing "Do not accept cookies" in your browser settings. How this works in detail can be taken from the instructions of your browser provider.
In your browser, you can set that storage of cookies is only accepted if you consent to it. If you do not want to accept the cookies of our service providers and partners, you can choose the settings in your browser "Block cookies of third-party providers".
Usually, the menu bar of your web browser displays how you can reject new cookies and turn off those already received via the help function.
However, note that unhindered navigation on our website and selection, design and storage of your products require some 'essential' cookies. We only use these cookies to review the website's efficiency and record visitor frequency.
6. Use of Google techniques
a) Google Analytics
(1) This website uses Google Analytics, a web analysis service of Google Inc. ("Google"). Google Analytics uses "cookies", i.e. text files that are stored on your computer and that permit analysis of your use of the website. As a rule, the information generated by the cookie through your use of this website is sent to a Google server in the USA and stored there. Due to activation of IP anonymisation on these websites, your IP address will be abbreviated first by Google within member states of the European Union or in other contracting states of the convention on the European Economic area. Only in exceptions will your full IP address be transferred to a server of Google in the USA and abbreviated there. On the order of the operator of this website, Google will use this information to evaluate your use of the website, in order to compile reports on the website activities and to render further services connected to website use and internet use towards the website operator.
(2) The IP address submitted by your browser will not be combined with any other Data of Google.
(3) You may prevent saving of the cookies by making the corresponding settings in your browser software; however, note that you may be unable to fully use all functions of the website in such a case. You may furthermore prevent recording of the data generated by the cookie and referring to your use of the website (incl. your Internet Protocol address) and processing of these personal data by Google by downloading and installing the browser plugin available under the following link: http://tools.google.com/dlpage/gaoptout?hl=de.
(4) You may check out of Google Analytics by clicking the following link as well: Yes, I would like to check out.
(5) This website uses Google Analytics with the extension "_anonymizeIp()". This causes IP addresses to be abbreviated before further processing so that conclusions as to persons are excluded.
(6) We use Google Analytics, in order to analyse use of our website and regularly improve it. The statistics acquired enable us to improve our offer and to make it more interesting for you as the user. For exceptions in which personal data are transmitted to the USA, Google has subjected to the EU-US Privacy Shield, https://www.privacyshield.gov/EU-US-Framework.
(7) The legal basis for using Google Analytics is sect. 6 para. 1 s. 1 lit. f) GDPR.
(8) Information on the third-party provider: Google Dublin, Google Ireland Ltd., Gordon House, Barrow Street, Dublin 4, Ireland, Fax: +353 (1) 436 1001. User conditions: http://www.google.com/analytics/terms/de.html, Overview of data protection: http://www.google.com/intl/de/analytics/learn/privacy.html, and the data protection statement: http://www.google.de/intl/de/policies/privacy.
b) Google AdWords
(1) We use the offer of Google AdWords, in order to use advertising means (Google AdWords) to draw attention to our attractive offers on external websites. In relation to the data of the advertising campaigns, we can determine how successful the individual advertising measures are. We thereby pursue the interest to show you advertisements that are of interest to you, to make our website more interesting for you and to achieve fair calculation of advertising costs.
(2) These advertising means are delivered by Google via "Ad Servers". We use Ad Server cookies through which certain parameters for measuring success, such as display of the ads or clicks by the users, can be measured. If you have reached our website through a Google ad, Google AdWords will place a cookie on your computer. These cookies usually lose their validity after 30 days and are not to serve to identify you personally. For this cookie, the Unique Cookie ID, number of Ad Impressions per placement (frequency), last impression (relevant for post-view conversions) and opt-out information (mark that the user no longer wants to be contacted) will usually be saved as analysis values.
(3) These cookies enable Google to recognise your web browser. If the user visits specific pages of the website of the AdWords client and the cookie stored on his computer has not expired yet, Google and the client will be able to tell that the user has clicked the display and was forwarded to this website. Every AdWords client will be assigned a different cookie. Cookies cannot thus be tracked via the websites of AdWords clients. We collect and process no personal data in the advertising measures named. We only receive statistical evaluations from Google. These evaluations enable us to recognise which of the advertising measures used are particularly effective. We will not receive any further data from use of the advertising means, and in particular cannot identity the users based on this information.
(4) The marketing tools used will cause your browser to automatically connect directly to the server of Google. We cannot influence the scope and further use of the data that are collected by use of this tool through Google and therefore inform you according to our state of knowledge: Integration of AdWords Conversion informs Google that you have called the corresponding part of our website or that you have clicked one of our ads. If you are registered with a service of Google, Google can assign the visit to your account. Even if you are not registered with Google or if you have not logged in, it is possible that the provider will learn your IP address and store it.
(5) You may prevent participation in this tracking procedure in various ways: a) by setting your browser software accordingly; in particular, suppression of third-party cookies will prevent you from receiving any ads of third-party providers; b) by deactivating the cookies for conversion tracking by setting your browser so that cookies from the domain "https://adssettings.google.com/" are blocked, https://adssettings.google.com/, with these settings being deleted if you delete your cookies; c) by deactivating interest-related ads of the providers that are part of the self-regulation campaign "About Ads", using the link http://www.aboutads.info/choices, with this setting being deleted if you delete your cookies; d) by permanent deactivation in your browsers Firefox, Internet explorer or Google Chrome using the link http://www.google.com/settings/ads/plugin. Please note that you may be unable to fully use all functions of our offer in this case.1
(6) The legal basis for processing of your data is sect. 6 para. 1 s. 1 lit. f) GDPR.
(7) For more information on data protection, see: http://www.google.com/intl/de/policies/privacy and https://services.google.com/sitestats/de.html. Alternatively, you can visit the website of the Network Advertising Initiative (NAI) under http://www.networkadvertising.org. Google has subjected to the EU-US Privacy Shield, https://www.privacyshield.gov/EU-US-Framework.
7. Use of Facebook Conversion Pixels
a) The website further uses the remarketing function "Custom Audiences" of Facebook Inc. ("Facebook"). This way, users can be shown interest-based ads ("Facebook Ads") in the scope of their visit to the social network Facebook or other websites also using the procedure. We thereby pursue the interest to show you advertisements that are of interest to you, to make our website more interesting for you.
b) The marketing tools used will cause your browser to automatically connect directly to the server of Facebook. We cannot influence the scope and further use of the data that are collected by use of this tool through Facebook and therefore inform you according to our state of knowledge: Integration of Facebook Custom Audiences informs Facebook that you have called the corresponding page of our website or that you have clicked one of our ads. If you are registered with a service of Facebook, Facebook can assign the visit to your account. Even if you are not registered with Facebook or if you have not logged in, it is possible that the provider will learn your IP address and other identifying features and store them.
c) Facebook and its partners may place advertisements on Facebook and outside of Facebook using these data and cookies may be saved on the users' computers for this purpose. You consent as follows to the above procedure:
"I agree with the use of the Conversion Pixel of Facebook."
You can revoke this consent at any time, effective for the future, by clicking here: https://www.facebook.com/settings/?tab=ads#.
If you do not want Facebook to collect data concerning you via the website of Paulaner Brauerei GmbH & Co. KG, you need to log out of Facebook before you visit a website of Paulaner Brauerei Gruppe GmbH & Co. KGaA.
d) The legal basis for processing of your data is sect. 6 para. 1 s. 1 lit. f) GDPR. Further information on data processing by Facebook is available at https://www.facebook.com/about/privacy.
8. Use of web fonts
a) These websites use external fonts called Google Fonts. Google Fonts is a service of Google Inc. ("Google"). These web fonts are integrated by a server call, usually concerning a server of Google in the USA. This informs the server of which of our websites you have visited. The IP address of the browser of the end device of the visitor of these websites is also stored by Google.
b) When calling up a site, your browser will load the required web fonts into your browser cache in order to properly display texts and fonts. Web fonts are used in the interest of consistent and attractive display of our online offer.
c) This is a legitimate interest within the meaning of sect. 6 para. 1 lit. f) GDPR.
d) For more information, see the data protection notes of Google, which you can call up here: www.google.com/fonts#AboutPlace:about and www.google.com/policies/privacy/.
9. Information on location of the web server (§13 para. 1 TMG)
The data we receive via our website will be processed on servers within Europe.
10. Integration of services and third-party contents
a) YouTube
(1) We may have YouTube videos integrated into our online offer that are stored on http://www.YouTube.com and that can be played directly from our website. All of these are integrated in the "expanded data protection mode", i.e. so that no data concerning you as user will be transmitted to YouTube if you do not play the videos. Only when you play the videos will the data named in 10 a) (2) be transmitted. We cannot influence this data transmission.
(2) By your visit to the website, YouTube will be informed that you have called the corresponding sub-page of our website. The data named in § 3 of this statement will be transmitted as well. This is done no matter if YouTube provides a user account through which you are logged in or whether there is no user account. If you are logged in to Google, your data will be assigned to your account directly. If you do not wish assignment to your profile at YouTube, you need to log out before you activate the button. YouTube will store your data as usage profiles and use them for the purpose of advertising, market research and/or demand-oriented design of its website. Such evaluation shall specifically take place (even for users who are not logged in) in order to render demand-oriented advertisements and in order to inform other users of the social network of your activities on our website. You have a right to object to the generation of these user profiles. In order to exercise these, you must contact YouTube.
(3) We use the service within our online offer based on a legitimate interest, i.e. in analysis, optimisation and economic operation of our online offer. The legal basis is sect. 6 para. 1 lit. f) GDPR.
(4) Further information on the purpose and scope of data collection and processing by YouTube is available in the data protection statement. It also contains further information on your rights and setting options for protecting your privacy: https://www.google.de/intl/de/policies/privacy. Google also processes your personal data in the USA and has subjected itself to the EU-US Privacy Shield, https://www.privacyshield.gov/EU-US-Framework.
b) Vimeo
(1) We may have videos of provider Vimeo LLC, headquartered in 555 West 18th Street, New York, New York 10011 integrated.
(2) Some of our websites contain videos by Vimeo. If you call up such a website of our online offer, a connection to the Vimeo servers will be established. This informs the Vimeo server on which of our websites you have visited. If you are logged in as a member of Vimeo during this, Vimeo will assign this information to your personal user account. When you click the start button of a video, this information may also be assigned to an existing user account. You can prevent this assignment by logging out of your Vimeo user account before you use our website and deleting the corresponding cookies by Vimeo.
(3) We use the service within our online offer based on a legitimate interest, i.e. in analysis, optimisation and economic operation of our online offer. The legal basis is sect. 6 para. 1 lit. f) GDPR.
(4) For more information on data processing and notes on data protection by Vimeo, see https://vimeo.com/privacy.
(5) Vimeo will also call the tracker Google Analytics via an iFrame in which the video is called up. This is a dedicated tracking by Vimeo that we have no access to. You can prevent tracking by Google Analytics by using deactivation tools that Google offers for some internet browsers. The users may furthermore prevent recording of the data generated by Google Analytics and referring to your use of the website (incl. your internet Protocol address) and processing of these personal data by Google by downloading and installing the browser plug-in available under the following link: http://tools.google.com/dlpage/gaoptout?hl=de.
c) Facebook Social Plug-In
We use the so-called "Facebook Social Plug-In" from Facebook Ireland Ltd., 4 Grand Canal Square, Grand Canal Harbour, Dublin 2, Ireland.
The legal basis for this use is a legitimate interest pursuant to Article 6(1) sentence 1(f) GDPR, as we have a particular interest in the analysis, optimisation and commercial operation of this website.
Please note that Facebook is certified appropriately under the Privacy Shield Framework, thereby guaranteeing compliance with European data protection law. More information available at www.privacyshield.gov/participant;
We explicitly advise that we have no influence over Facebook's data collection and that the details provided here reflect our current understanding.
This plug-in allows for content (like videos, pictures or text contributions) to be displayed on our website.
When you use one of the functions of the plug-in, a connection is established to the Facebook servers. The content of the plug-in is then sent to your device by Facebook and is then incorporated into the online offer. Facebook receives the information that a corresponding page has been retrieved. Usage profiles can be created from the exchanged data.
If you are logged into Facebook, Facebook can link this to your Facebook account. If you then use the functions of the plug-in, this interaction is sent to Facebook and stored there. If you do not want Facebook to collect data about you, you must log out of Facebook and delete the corresponding cookies before using our online offer.
Facebook may still store information about you even if you are not a member of Facebook.
More details about data collection and processing by Facebook, and your rights and settings options for the protection of your private sphere are available via the following link: www.facebook.com/about/privacy/.
d) Google Maps
(1) The website uses Google Maps in order to visually display geographic information. When using Google Maps, Google (Google Inc., 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California, 94043) will also collect, process and use data on use of the maps function by visitors of the websites.
(2) For more detailed information on data processing by Google, see the data protection notes of Google, which you can find at www.google.com/privacypolicy.html.
(3) Use of Google Maps is based on a legitimate interest within the meaning of sect. 6 para. 1 lit. f) GDPR, since we want to optimise our online offer.
(4) You may check out by clicking the following link: https://adssettings.google.com/authenticated.
e) jQuery
This website partially uses jQuery technologies, which, for example, optimise the loading speed. In this respect, program libraries of Google servers are called. The CDN (Content delivery network) of Google is used. If you used jQuery on a different page of Google before, your browser will use the copy stored in your cache. If this does not apply, it must be downloaded, which means that data from your browser will reach Google!Inc. ("Google"). Your data will be transmitted to the USA. For more details, see: https://developers.google.com/speed/libraries/#jquery and the data protection provisions of google.de.
f) Other third-party contents
Other third-party contents, such as RSS feeds or graphics, are integrated from other websites. This always requires that the providers of these contents (hereinafter: "Third-Party Providers") perceive the users' IP addresses. Without the IP address, they would be unable to send the contents to the respective user's browser. The IP address is therefore required to present these contents. We strive to only use such contents the providers of which only use the IP address for delivering the contents. However, we cannot influence it if the Third-Party Providers store the IP address, e.g. for statistical purposes. We inform the users of this as far as we are aware of it.
11. Your rights
You have the right:
The Bayerisches Landesamt für Datenschutzaufsicht, Promenade 27 (Schloss), D-91522 Ansbach, Germany, phone: +49 (0) 981 53 1300, telefax: +49 (0) 981 53 98 1300, email: firstname.lastname@example.com is responsible for our headquarters.
12. Right to object
If your personal data are processed based on legitimate interests in accordance with sect. 6 para. 1 s. 1 lit. f) GDPR, you have the right to object to processing of your personal data in accordance with sect. 21 GDPR as far as there are grounds for this that result from your special situation.
If you object, your personal data will no longer be processed, except if compelling legitimate grounds for processing can be documented which override your interests, rights and freedoms or if processing serves to establish, exercise or defend legal claims.
The objection must be sent to us; an email to firstname.lastname@example.com will suffice.
13. Duration of storage
This website does not store any complete IP addresses of persons who use the website for information, or they will be deleted again without delay after the end of use of the website.
The stored usage processes will be deleted at the latest after 6 months.
If you send us an email, these data will generally be deleted 6 months after the last communication after answering the request.
If any customer relationship develops from this context or if it refers to an existing customer relationship, these data will be used for setting up a customer file or stored in the customer file if applicable. If the law does not stipulate any archiving periods, the existing data will be deleted after the end of the contract. If there are any statutory archiving periods, archiving may last up to ten years. Thereafter, the data will be finally deleted; in the meantime, the data will be blocked so that access to these data is no longer possible easily. The blocking phase shall commence at the end of the year following the end of the contract.
14. Obligation to provide data
As far as collection and processing of the server log files is concerned, the information is mandatory. Indication of the personal data, name and email address in the scope of contact via the contact form are also mandatory.
Indication of further data is voluntary.
15. Automated decision-making
Automated decision-making pursuant to sect. 22 GDPR does not take place.
16. Change to the purpose
Personal data are processed for the purpose for which they were collected. The purpose is not changed.
17. Safety note
If personal data are collected via our website, transmission shall take place encrypted using the data transmission procedure SSL "Secure-Socket-Layer". Beyond this, we ensure that only such employees will receive access to your personal data who need them to perform their respective tasks. They are trained accordingly regarding safety and data protection.
18. Changes to our data protection statement
We reserve the right to change our safety and data protection measures as far as this becomes necessary due to technical developments. In such cases, we will also adjust our notes on data protection accordingly. Therefore, please observe the respective valid version of our data protection statement.


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Our mission to end homelessness requires many helping hands
Thank you for your interest in volunteering at Home of Hope at Gwinnett Children's Shelter. In order to accommodate you, and in accordance with our program, please fill out the form below. After form submission, we will contact you by phone or email in 3-5 business days. Please be advised that volunteers at Home of Hope at Gwinnett Children's Shelter are required to submit a background check before acceptance into our volunteer program. The minimum age of a volunteer is 18 years old.

subset: commoncrawl


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After three months of dating, Hollywood's most low-key couple is still going strong!
Reese Witherspoon, 31, and Jake Gyllenhaal, 26, who met last summer on the set of Rendition, had a rendezvous following a May 25 visit to a doctor's office in Culver City, California.
After the appointment, the pair hopped into separate cars and headed to Witherspoon's house.
"Jake put his hand out of the sunroof and was waving, "says an eyewitness. "They looked totally in love."
Source: Us Weekly


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US Rails Adopt Standard Time
Prior to the development and use of clocks, people measured time by the movements of the sun and the phases of the moon. It was not until the Middle Ages when mechanical clocks began to develop that sundials were replaced as the main method of timekeeping. Cities, however, continued to set their town clock by the sun's position creating a disparity in time from city to city. With the integration of the railway system and the invention of the telegraph it became necessary that a more consistent and efficient method of timekeeping be created and adopted.
The first country to adopt a standardized time system throughout a region was Britain. Inconsistencies in local mean time (Mean Solar Time), time measured in relation to a longitudinal meridian, led to the introduction of a uniform time standard throughout the country by Dr. William Hyde Wollaston and the popularization of the idea by Abraham Follett Osler. The railways were the first to adopt this new standard of time, later known as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), which measured time in relation to the Greenwich Meridian Line. The first of these was the Great Western Railway in November 1840 followed by several others. By 1855 the majority of public clocks were running on GMT, and on August 2, 1880, with the passing of the Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, all systems were mandated to adopt the system.
The first U.S. man to push for a time standard was William Lambert who proposed to Congress the need for time meridians as early as 1809. This proposal was rejected, as well as that of Charles Dowd in 1870. In 1872, Dowd revised his proposal which was later adopted in 1883 by the railway system. In 1875, astronomer and meteorologist Cleveland Abbe proposed to the American Meteorological Society (AMS) the idea of a uniform standard line. This led to the establishment of the Committee on Standard Time with Abbe as chairman. In 1879, the committee released a document, Report on Standard Time, while concurrently Canadian civil and railway engineer, Sandford Fleming, proposed the initial idea for the adoption of the present-day world-wide system of time zones, and standard time and hourly variations within said time zones.
In the United States and Canada, before the integration of the railways, cities and towns operated on a local time system rather than a standardized one. With the development of the railway system, however, trains travelling between towns found it difficult to maintain effective and efficient operations due to the differences in timekeeping between towns. In 1881, the General Time Convention (GTC), a subsection of the railroad industry involved in time schedules, accepted the proposal for standardizing time and adopted a standardized time system. At noon on November 18, 1883 North American railroads switched over to Standard Railway Time (SRT), a new standard time system which utilized standardized time zones to run safer and more effective rail operations. The following year, the 1884 International Meridian Conference was held in Washington to set up a proposal for international implementation; they aimed to establish a common initial meridian and to create a global time standard.
Based on geographical markers, economic and population dynamics, and the location of major cities, the Standard Railway Time system led cities in the U.S. to better standardize their rail systems by creating four new time zones: Pacific Standard Time, Mountain Standard Time, Central Standard Time, and Eastern Standard Time. Each of these new time zones were one hour wide, which allowed for a more simplified system of scheduling. This one hour scale of measurement was based on the ratio of fifteen degrees of longitude to one solar hour difference. As of 1893, Universal Time (UT) and international time zones were established in reference to twenty-four worldwide meridians, each fifteen degrees apart with the Prime Meridian passing through Greenwich.
Initially resistant to the adoption of this new time standard, the American public continued to use their local time standard, in some cases showing both local time and railway time. Although the railroads had no legal authority to govern time, towns and citizens across the nation, because of the practical advantages in communication and travel, eventually synchronized their clocks to the four new time zones. With the passing of the Standard Time Act on March 19, 1918, the time standard became law. The standard time zones set up by the railroads were adopted, and any changes to them were delegated to the Interstate Commerce Commission and later to the Department of Transportation in 1966.
Since the passing of the law, the time zones have been altered, but the general idea itself has stayed the same. Currently the United States operates on nine standard time zones including Atlantic Standard Time (AST), Eastern Standard Time (EST), Central Standard Time (CST), Mountain Standard Time (MST), Pacific Standard Time (PST), Alaskan Standard Time (AKST), Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time (HST), Samoa standard time (UTC-11) and Chamorro Standard Time (UTC+10).


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"One Nation, Two Economies" is a phrase that's been tossed about prior to and during the recession (still going ON by the way, don't let anyone fool you), and recently in a February 2011 article by Rainer Rupp on how the 'recovery' merely funneled up to gamblers on Wall Street.
While Americans enjoyed at least three decades of solid middle class prosperity during what many economists refer to as the Golden Age of Capitalism, and are getting accustomed to what may be a 'new normal', down here it has long been –
One Nation, Two Economies
Poverty in El Salvador has fortunately been declining; according to the U.S. department of State, 'The economy has been growing at a steady and moderate pace since the signing of peace accords in 1992, and poverty was cut from 66% in 1991 to 37.8% in 2009.' Improving, but still a ways from a thriving middle class. If you live in El Salvador and pay any attention, you can see clear distinctions between the classes, and easily observe those who participate in the Informal sector.
What are the "Formal" versus "Informal" economies in El Salvador?
Formal economy/sector: jobs which are part of the 'system' where tax collection takes place, public or private health insurance comes with it, and maybe other benefits like holiday or vacation pay. For instance, a person who works in an office, large restaurant or hotel, hospital, factory, school, clinic, government agency, etc. And the owners of such businesses.
Benefits of working in the formal economy include being part of the ISSS health insurance system (or private, if you're lucky enough to be middle class or higher), and building up years of work experience in 'the system'. If you look through employment ads in the major newspapers, many employers require would-be employees to have things like a social health insurance card or other requirements one won't have if they haven't built up time in the official system. Paying into the ISSS health system means you have access to clinics and hospitals that service this population. I thought everyone could go to ISSS facilities, but I learned differently. Apparently, there is a "lowest rung of the health system" set of clinics and hospitals for the poor. If you don't have a health card, you will be turned away from the ISSS hospital, and sent to the hospital for the 'poorest of the poor'. That's where most of my in-laws go.
The Informal Economy: A LOT OF PEOPLE. According to the International Labor Organization, nearly a million Salvadorans in 2009 were employed in the informal sector, totally over 53% of non-agricultural employment. Most of these people make their "own" economy using the resources at their disposal. It consists of all types of vendors and small businesses, from people with roadside fruit and veggie stands, vendors at the markets, selling door to door or at traffic intersections, and owners of small restaurants and hot foot stands. The boy who sells peanuts and cashews at the gas station, or the hammock and blanket vendors. Maria's Pupusas. Joes Juice and Liquados. The 'muchacha' who tends to house and children for the more well off.
Why? If they work in a Maquila (textile mill), or retail position at the mall, they are likely to come home with a little over $5 in their pocket after working 10-12 hours and paying bus fare. A girl I met at the mall in 2010 made $6 to work an 11 hour day. My husband worked as a baker for over 10 years when he was a young man. In the late 90s and early millennium, he made $15 a day working 12+ hours in a bakery. He interviewed at a bakery in San Salvador last year. If he took the job, it would be Monday-Saturday 9+ hours (however many to bake 7 sacs – a lot – of flour), and 'a few hours on Sunday'. Based on his monthly salary, we calculated it at $8 a day.
People in the Informal economy are their own boss, they set their own hours, fulfill their own inventories, and often come home with better than the average laborer's 6 to 8 bucks a day. Fed up with serf wages, people have taken to the streets, and vendors abound in El Salvador; they are anywhere and everywhere. As I stroll along the main street in Los Planes de Renderos, several women sell fruits and vegetables, while others sell pupusas. Cross the street from WalMart in Soyapango to the Plaza Mundo mall in Soyapango, and you 'walk the vendor gauntlet', ambushed by dozens of people selling clothing, small electric items, batteries, toothbrushes, you name it.
Mercado Central: Shopping mall for the poor. One of the best examples of the Informal economy in El Salvador. Located in downtown San Salvador, the main, or "central market" is literally a grocery store and shopping mall for the poorest people in this region. It's a sea of people taking up several city blocks; at the height of the day, literally hundreds, if not a few thousand customers and marketeers flow in waves, buying and selling to one other. There is at least one official building set up for market vendors, but the majority of vendors are spread out in various ways throughout these blocks. Sometimes as small shops in buildings, but more often stands set up along the streets on top of sidewalks, or vendors who sell produce from wheelbarrows to those who carry items strapped to their waistline, hanging from their shoulders, or propped on their head.
It's a fantastic solution to resist the symptoms of poverty, because they CUT OUT the middle man. On the seller's end, there is no boss or distributor taking the large cut and paying them a salary or commission; as direct sellers of their products they are able to offer a good discount and thus, sell a lot. From the buyer's perspective, a person of poor means is delighted to buy a product with a better price tag than the mall or local super can offer. Fruits and vegetables in the cheapest grocery chain, Super Selectos, can be double what they cost at the market. One can outfit their home with most produce and food goods, home products, grooming items, clothes, shoes, and electronics. I've even encountered a "hair salon alley" – hair salons along both sides of the first floor of two buildings along an alley connecting two main streets of the market.
Downsides to the Informal Economy:
a) Streets are chaotic and disorderly. People are so accustomed to vendors selling on the sidewalk that most pedestrians don't bother using sidewalks the way we do back home. Main streets in large towns and cities are nuts to drive through, and one feels as if they are driving through a human anthill recently crushed by a giant foot. Two-lane streets are reduced to 1.5 lanes, or sometimes 1, as pedestrians and cars share the road in transit.
Both the federal government and the municipality of San Salvador have taken their own (separate) measures to 're-order' the city and historic districts. Resulting in continued protests (manifestaciones) by the vendors.
>> An entire blog post is needed to discuss the ongoing eviction of street vendors throughout the downtown area of San Salvador, and in particular from Calle Arce (Arce Street) and Calle Ruben Dario. <<
b) Taxes? Who needs 'em? A fair source of tax revenue must be lost by those who employ themselves in the informal economy. The improved income they experience is not translated into tax dollars. Three of my close family members have been selling pupusas and tortillas for years. They can make up to ten bucks on a good day, and have never paid taxes in their life. The government is not going to 'hunt them down' for that income. But it might be a case of 6 of one, 1/2 dozen of the other. The money which informal economy participants pocket tax free is used to buy goods and services in both formal and informal sectors. If they were making 20-25% less at a job in the formal sector, and paying taxes from those lesser wages, that sharp loss of income would see them buying less things; meanwhile the maquila owner looks for every way possible to dodge tax payments. So instead of the 'government' getting that money as taxes and spending it however un/wisely they wish, it goes back into the economy directly.
Can El Salvador integrate informal vendors into the "Formal" economy? Obviously, not without participation of serious capital investment, along with a willingness to pay a wage that encourages people to cross over from informal to formal. One of the biggest complaints heard on the group talk-news programs is the 'abandonment' of capital investment in El Salvador. That people with large sums of capital take their money and run, preferring foreign investments instead. Hmmmm, sounds FAMILIAR.
There is hope, however. Carlos Slim (gotta love that name), a gentleman from Mexico and as of 2011 the richest man on earth, is planning on investing over $300 million over the next three years in Telecommunications here in El Salvador. Now that's a start.


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Midlothian Mirror Managing Editor
No one knows the value of good news better than newspaper people.
The Panther Pride newspaper staff earned a bronze award as part of the state ILPC newspaper competition held April 21 in Austin. The Panther Pride also received nine individual awards and on Tops In Texas.
�I felt good about our product, but we didn�t expect this,� said Panther Pride Editor Samantha Jameson. �I�m very proud of this team.�
The Panther Pride was one of only 25 papers in the state to take home ILPC Newspaper Star Awards.
The paper�s award was a first for Midlothian High School.
In addition to newspaper honors, Katelyn Smitherman, a junior, won first place in the state for her news story on the bond election. Her story was then re-judged against all first place news stories from all conferences - 1A through 5A - and she won Tops-In-Texas.
Smitherman also received an honorable mention for her Page One design.
Allison Harp, a junior, won second place for her news feature story on Ryan Looney, a second place in state for her photo story on the play �Arsenic and Old Lace,� and a state honorable mention for feature photo.
Jameson, a senior, received a state third place award for her front page design.
In addition, state honorable mentions went to junior Kelli Hardy for news feature, senior Sean Kornegay for his editorial cartoon and senior Kristina Smith for general news photo.
�We learned a lot about our school and a lot about each other putting this paper out,� said Jameson. �Meeting deadlines and interviewing people teaches you a lot.�
Carol Richtsmeier said the Panther Pride newsroom is made up of students who are serious about the paper and work hard.
�If you look at past editions you can see a progression in the quality of work,� said Richtsmeier. �The paper has really changed in the past two years. It all culminated in earning these awards.�
Richtsmeier said MISD has been good about providing quality computers and the equipment and funding to put out a good newspaper.
The 2006-07 Panther Pride is made up of nine seniors, five juniors and three sophomores. Richtsmeier said she hopes this mix of upper- and lower-classmen will prompt a similar high-quality paper next year.
The Panther Pride is staffed by Samantha Jameson, Jamie Shaw, Katelyn Smitherman, Trent Bates, Sean Kornegay, Matt Lee, Gabrielle Lockwood, Jack Harding, Kellie Hardy, Kristina Smith, Andrew Rowell, Allison Harp, Lauren Young, Jessica Collins, Leslie Ingersoll and Alyssa Hawkins.
The Panther Pride is published once every six weeks and traditionally sports from 12 to 16 pages.
The Panther Pride can be read on-line at www.midlothian-isd.net/pantherpride/index.html by clicking on the appropriate edition.


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Where in history do your ancestors turn up? The California gold rush? The Civil War? The Titanic? My father-in-law is always telling us about how his side of the family is six degrees of separation from Daniel Boone and something about some guy named William Field. I don't pay much attention because I can't keep it all straight. But talk to me about MY side of the family and I'm all ears. The problem is, I don't really know that much about my own family's genealogical history.
A couple of years ago, I was on a tourism junket to Fort Wayne and had a chance to spend a few hours at the Allen County library to use some of their nationally-recognized genealogy resources. It was pretty cool to pull up census images that were handwritten and that gave only the first and last name of the husband, but not the wife. But you don't have to trek to Fort Wayne to brush up on your family history. Instead, take the short drive (or walk if you're so lucky) to the Carmel Public Library. On Tuesdays from 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. and Thursdays from 6:00 p.m. to 8:45 p.m., volunteers offer a "Genealogy Lab" in the second floor training rooms at the library (55 4th Avenue Southeast).
Conduct your searches on your own or ask the volunteers for assistance with the library's genealogy resources, including Ancestry Library Edition, Heritage Quest, Fold 3 and American Ancestors.
If you are new to genealogy research, the library catalog lists 275 resources on the subject available for check-out. Some of those resources are available for download in e-book format.
For more information, call the Reference Desk at (317) 844-3362.
And if you find out that you're related to some guy named William Field, let me know. We could be cousins.


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Figurehead of the Sir Lancelot
Basic Information
- FigID
- InstID
- Figurehead type
- Figurehead
- Title
- Figurehead of the Sir Lancelot
- Vessel name
- Sir Lancelot
- Type (Naval/Merchant)
- Merchant
- Copyright owner
- © Cutty Sark Trust Copyright
- Copyright notes
- Photo: © Cutty Sark Trust Copyright
- Current location
- Cutty Sark
- Location date
- 12/02/2013
Physical Information
- Description
- A full-length male figurehead with silver armour and a helmet which has large white plume of feathers. It has red drapery, a black pedestal, and gold scrollwork. He wears brown gloves and has black hair and moustache, and blue eyes. His right arm is raised and stretched forward, the left arm is by his side. He is looking forward and slightly up.
- Maker
- Unknown
- Date made
- Unknown
- Place made
- Unknown
- Size
- H155 x W68 x D57 cms
- Materials
- Object history
- The figurehead is part of a collection assembled by Sydney Cumbers and known as 'The Long John Silver Collection'. There is no information where or when the figurehead was found.
- Vessel history
- 'Sir Lancelot' was a British clipper of 886 tons, built in 1865 by R. Steele for John MacCunn of Hull. The ship sailed in the China trade and the India-Mauritius trade. In the Clipper Race of 1869, Robinson and 'Sir Lancelot' established a new record between China and England. She was sold to Visram Ebrahim and Company in 1888, and then to Haji Abdulla. In the Register for 1896/97 however she was entered as missing since May 1895.
- Bibliography
Ownership Information
- Owner type
- Public Institution
- Owner name
- Cutty Sark Trust
- Contact details
- Royal Museums Greenwich, London, SE10 9NF
- Ownership can be cited online
- Yes
- Accessible to public
- Yes
- Data verified by owner
- Yes
- Date verified
The figureheads database contains records of over 300 figureheads.


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Today is Yom haAtzma'ut - Israeli Independence Day. In Genesis, when Jacob receives his eponymous name for our people, we are told that it means the one who struggles with God and humanity. [Gen. 32:28] Nowhere else is this more apparent than in our modern day redemption in the state of Israel.
For millennia, our people have lived by the oft-repeated Biblical exhortation to remember that we were strangers in Egypt, and to empathize with those not in power; who felt like strangers in their own land. Without political and state power, there was little to put this maxim to the test. For the past 69 years, Israel has given us the blessing of a real, physical homeland - a source of pride and the ultimate redoubt for our people. However, we have also been given the opportunity to apply the politics of minority to the power of the nation-state. In many ways, we have succeeded. Israel is a democracy, surrounded by dictatorship. Yet, not only does the shadow of religious fundamentalism tinge the democracy of its Jewish citizens, but the increasing insularity of the Jewish populace continues to encroach on the rights of all the non-Jews - citizen and non-citizen alike - who find themselves sheltered with Israel's borders.
This year is also the fiftieth anniversary of the miraculous victory of the Six-Day War, which brought with it the dubious benefit of increased territory and a vast refugee Arab population. When its neighbors washed their hands of responsibility, Israel became the breeding ground for a Palestinian resistance - one which dominates the political landscape of Israel - both within its pre-1967 borders and without. The miraculous underdog of 1967 and 1973 is now perceived as the bully of the Intifada. Israel has failed to find a solution for the Arab population that it finds itself in control of, and we are being changed in ways that only a few (Moshe Dayan, for example) imagined. Force and repression have become our only tools.
The Palestinians, separated now by name from the rest of the Arabs in the Middle East, have become the underdogs. Americans, always sympathetic to the underdog, are torn. Many American Jews turn away from an active engagement with Israel because the situation is too divisive, too fraught with difficult moral issues, so different from the David and Goliath story of 1948, 1967, and 1973.
Yet, today is Yom haAtzma'ut. Atzma'ut - independence - comes from the root ayin-tzadi-mem - which is not only the self-reflexive term in Hebrew, but is also the root for "bone". Israel is in our bones. We, as Jews, no matter what our genetic origin, pray for the peace of Israel at every service, and long to return to mythic Jerusalem at every seder. We cannot ignore our connection with Israel, lest we lose our backbone, our support and structure.
We are Israel - those who struggle with God and with humanity; nowhere more evident than in the modern state of Israel. Right struggles with left; Ultra-Orthodox with Reform and Conservative; Ashkenazic with Sephardi/Mizrachi/Indian/Ethiopian; Jew with Arab; Diaspora with Sabra. The struggle is not new. Judaism teaches us that - but also that we engage in the struggle with certain values to guide us - love your neighbor as yourself; help even your enemy with his fallen burden; and treat the stranger as the native. The passage in Genesis says that Jacob not only struggle with God and with humanity, but that he prevailed. Prevailing is not necessarily winning. Let us hope that we, too, can find a way to prevail - a way that preserves not only our own rights and dignity, but those of the ones we, today, find as enemies. Then we can truly live up to the name which has been bequeathed to us by the generations - Yisra'eil.
02 May 2017
Israel, Thy Very Name is Struggle - Yom haAtzma'ut 5777
Posted by: Rabbi Joel N. Abraham on: 10:01
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
Computer Science Faculty
Douglas Galarus
Computer Science
Assistant Professor
Contact Information
Go toOffice Location: Old Main 420
IconPhone: 435-797-4136
IconEmail: email@example.com
Educational Background
Doctor of Philosophy, Computer Science, 2017, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, Dissertation: Anomaly Detection through Spatio-Temporal Data Mining, with Application to Real-Time Outlying Sensor Identification
Master of Science, Computer Science, 1995, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, Thesis: Modeling Stock Market Returns with Local Iterated Function Systems.
Master of Arts, Teacher of Mathematics, 1993, University of Montana, Missoula, MT
B.A. with high honors, Mathematics, 1989, University of Montana, Missoula, MT,
Data Science & Systems, Data Quality, Spatio-Temporal Data Analysis, Intelligent Transportation Systems


text:
After finding out those plastic chokers we used to wear in the '90s are back in, nothing can surprise us, right? Well, this latest development in the trend scene might make you think twice. Flared jeans are now as trendy as ever, and they're not going anywhere anytime soon. Related: Candice Swanepoel Has A Range Of Jeans For Charity
Seen in Dsquared2 and Gucci's 2015 resort collections, as well as in the latest Topshop denim campaign, these '70s-inspired jeans are so chic. We totally love them. Why? Well, besides giving your outfit a free-spirited, boho nature, they can also be super-flattering. Petite girls, these jeans can make it look like your legs go on for days.
Tip: Invest in a pair that are slightly longer than usual and wear them with only a glimpse of your shoes showing.
Warning: Don't confuse these babies with bootleg jeans.The more defined the flare the better.
Opt for: Flared jeans need to be skinny from your hips to your knees, and then only flare from your knees downwards.
Celebs dig them too: Kim Kardashian
Related: Kim Kardashian West Won't Let North Be Reality Star
Olivia Palermo
Victoria Beckham
Jessica Alba
Heidi Klum
Miranda Kerr
Try these:
Related: Show Your Jeans Some Love
We've been in skinny land for too long – liberate your legs! #COSMOFashion
Read more fashion news.
Read more fashion 'How to Wear'.
Read more beauty news.


text:
This little hanging bag is from Kwik Sew 3748. (I think it's out of print?)
A LOT of my patterns are out of print, and not just the vintage ones. I think this is because I get about 60% of my patterns at Goodwill and another 35% were grabbed up when the Hancock fabrics near my house was closing (as were they all).
Anyway, for anyone out there who has this pattern - I like it! I only interfaced the outer fabric. The inner fabrics are quilting-weight cottons. If I ever make it, again, I'll interface everything. It feels a little wimpy, as it is.
The hardware at the top was one of the more difficult things to find. I ended up buying a smaller, somewhat ripped-up bag at Goodwill and scavenging the hook from that. It was cheaper than anything else I could find, and had a swivel, which I hadn't seen in the two fabric stores I checked.


text:
A delicious blend of sweet apples and warm cinnamon, this relaxing tea is full of sweet fruit flavours, with a well-balanced bitterness. Wonderful aromas of freshly baked apple pie dominate, making for a comforting brew that is ideal for those colder days.
Premium Black Tea, Naturally Dried Apple, Cinnamon Pieces, Freeze Dried Apple, Blackberry Leaves, Safflower Petals and Natural Flavours
While we try to keep to the strictest standards in our treatment of allergens, please be aware that our factory handles nuts, milk and soy ingredients. Please check our ingredients lists for specific information on each tea.
Not sure how to make the very best cuppa? Read our guide on How to Brew the Perfect Cup of Tea.


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The paid version does not have any ads.
Note: The new version will open automatically (Dynamic Game Joystick) and will not appear when you are not using it, and will only appear when your finger moves across the screen. If you don't like it, you can cancel it in Settings. If you don't know how to cancel it, check the video on the software homepage, including how to cancel it and how to use it.
It is recommended to watch the video first to better understand the software. The video describes how to adjust the button position.
Note: This software is nes fc platform, does not support psp, ps1, ps2 games, only supports red and white games (retro games), please first determine if you need this software.
Note: If you find a problem with the button when you open the game, please open Dynamic d-pad in Settings.
Deliberately playing 1 or 2 stars, I will ignore him.
If you have any games you want to play, please let me know, I will add as soon as possible。
Software development is not easy, please users who like this software give a 5 star praise to support it.
thank you for your use.
This simulator contains 650 fun games, with your favorite, Super Mario 1, Super Mario 2, Super Mario 3 and more fun games waiting for you to discover!
If you find any problems, please contact my email address (firstname.lastname@example.com) immediately, I will handle it as soon as possible.
Advanced NES FC Simulator Pro is a high quality NES simulator based on the most advanced FCEUX.
– Very nice and friendly user interface
– Highly customizable virtual controller! You can adjust the size and position of each button to suit your needs.
– Automatically save game progress and support fast storage.
– Rewinding ! If you were killed by a bad guy? It's ok! You can go back the game directly for a few seconds and try again!
– Wireless network controller mode! This unique feature allows multiple devices to be connected to each other. Turn your phone into a wireless controller that lets you play with your friends. We support up to 4 players!
– Zapper's (light gun) simulation
– Turbo button & A + B button
– PAL (Europe) / NTSC (US, Japan) video mode support
– Hardware graphics acceleration with OpenGL ES
– 44100 Hz stereo
– Hardware keyboard support
– Support HID Bluetooth gamepad (MOGA, 8bitdo, etc.)
– Screenshot – Quickly capture the moment
– Use special cheats to make NES games more fun!
– Support for NES and ZIP files
Some features (manual progress save/load game and wind up) need to be manually enabled
If you have any questions, please let us know and send us an email.Download Advanced NES FC Simulator Pro for free
Free download Advanced NES FC Simulator Pro : https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=nes.go.pro


text:
Warning: Rant
Warning: tl;dr
So, there's this idea floating around of technical debt. There are some nuanced definitions, but in general it means bad design baked into the code. The "nuance" has to do with why bad design is baked into the code. There are a lot of debates about this, and you might wonder why, as it isn't intuitively obvious how anyone could argue in favor of baking bad design into their code.
Yet, they do.
Some argue technical debt is a pragmatic acknowledgement that software has to be delivered quickly enough to generate return on investment, or else the cost of building it isn't repaid. Fair point…if we also assume that developing clean code actually takes more time and effort than building sloppy code. That isn't a settled question.
Others argue that in today's fast-paced world of microservices and continuous delivery, it may be cheaper and quicker to replace poorly-designed code than to clean it up. Fair point…in certain contexts, under certain conditions, to a certain extent, with certain caveats, etc. And we still have the assumption that it takes longer to build clean code than sloppy code.
Some argue that technical debt results from a well-reasoned trade-off between time-to-market and craftsmanship. Based on purely rational decision-making, which we know our business stakeholders and managers always apply rigorously, we choose to incur a bit of "debt" temporarily in order to meet a tactical goal. Later, we are always diligent about going back to clean up the mess.
And that funny little assumption that it takes longer to build clean code than sloppy code is still in play, to support the idea that there is a trade-off to be made in the first place. I have a nagging sense that this assumption may be another of those leprechauns of software engineering that I keep hearing about. But I digress.
Finally, some software development teams whine that they want to remediate the technical debt in their code base, but their business stakeholders or project managers won't let them. The Powers That Be insist the teams hack up sloppy code as fast as possible, forever. There's no intention of ever repaying the "debt." There's no recognition that there is any debt. Some, like Gil Zilberfeld, have begun to question the usefulness of the "debt" metaphor.
And there's nothing the poor, benighted developers can do about it. They must comply, or lose their jobs.
Now I'm going to change direction suddenly and for no apparent reason.
The day laborer and the engineer
A day laborer goes to the vacant lot where people say there might be work. He waits for someone to drive up in a truck and point him out. Then he climbs on the truck and is taken to a work site. There, he may be handed a shovel and told to dig a hole. Dig the hole just there, just this wide, just this long, just this deep, just this shape. Make the sides straight. Make the bottom flat.
He digs the hole exactly where and how he is told to dig it. Then they say "Thanks for the hole" and give him some money. It doesn't occur to them that he might be interested in the reason for the hole. He's only there to dig. He is returned to the place where he was picked up. On the following day, he repeats the process.
Now, maybe he knows a better way to dig holes. Maybe, even, he knows a better way to accomplish the true goal of the project than to dig holes all over the place. But the relationship between an employer and a day laborer is such that he can't raise the subject. If he questions the instructions, they will simply point to a different man tomorrow.
Besides that, a day laborer is not professionally responsible for his work. If the project does not go well, it will be the fault of the people who told him to dig the hole.
An engineer meets with a prospective client. The client explains that they need a bridge to be built to connect this side of the river with the other side. The client provides information about the purpose of the bridge, what sorts of loads it must support, how it must be integrated with the surrounding environment and infrastructure.
But the client does not tell the engineer how to build the bridge. They do not say to the engineer, "We need a bridge, so dig a hole just there, just this wide, just this long, just this deep, just this shape." If they did it that way, then the bridge could only be as good as the client's knowledge of bridge-building. The skills of the engineer would go unused.
Certainly, the client does not tell the engineer, "Build the bridge as quickly and sloppily as you can. We don't care if it stands up for more than an hour. We only care that it is completed by this arbitrary deadline." Engineers do not accept assignments like that, because they are professionally responsible for their work.
An engineer who allowed him/herself to be treated like a day laborer would be considered unprofessional.
Now it is time for another abrupt change of direction.
The what and the how
In software development, we like to separate the idea of what to build from the idea of how to build it. The business stakeholders or consumers of the software generally have a pretty good idea of what they want. Software developers generally have a pretty good idea of how to build software. So, by bringing the two together, we have a reasonably good chance of delivering software that is both useful and well-made.
But there's a small problem.
Business stakeholders have a tendency to dictate the how as well as the what. Doing it that way, the software can only be as good as the stakeholder's knowledge of software development. The skills of the development team go unused.
To compound the problem, software developers tend to allow themselves to be treated like day laborers. To the stakeholders they say, "Where do you want the hole? How long? How wide? How deep? What shape?" To one another they say, "Can you believe what they're asking for? Are they crazy?" Then they go ahead and dig the hole exactly where and how they were told to dig it.
When advised to take control of their own work and do the right thing, many software developers say they aren't allowed to do that. They must ask permission of their stakeholders to do basic things like writing automated checks and refactoring their code.
To me, this sort of excuse is neither more nor less than a decision on the part of software developers to be treated like day laborers instead of professionals.
In the Proceedings of the 1968 NATO conference on software engineering, computer science pioneer Alan Perlis wrote:
"A software system can best be designed if the testing is interlaced with the designing instead of being used after the design. […] Through successive repetitions of this process of interlaced testing and design the model ultimately becomes the software system itself."
There really is no valid excuse not to use the available tools and methods to assure high-quality code. There hasn't been any such excuse at least since 1968.
I asked several colleagues who offer advice to software development professionals how they respond when developers insist they don't have the option to apply good development practices, because their stakeholders or managers won't let them.
The highly respected developer, author, and trainer J.B. Rainsberger pointed me to an article of his, The eternal struggle between business and programmers, in which he examines the common goals of stakeholders and development teams and how the disconnect over the what and the how can occur.
One of the creators of Extreme Programming and a signatory of the Agile Manifesto, Ron Jeffries, answered this way (quoted with permission):
Bair's Law: Don't ask a question unless you want to hear the answer. In particular, dont ask permission for things you need to do.
Grace Hopper: It's easier to ask for forgiveness than to ask for permission.
Scrum: Product Owner says what to do; Development team says how.
Everyone with a clue: Testing and refactoring make you go net faster, not slower. Testing prevents defects, which takes far less time than fixing them and is far more predictable as well. Refactoring (done in the right places) makes the code easier to modify and therefore allows us to go faster.
Me: I explicitly make clear that refactoring and testing are not business decisions in the sense of belonging to the Product Owner. They are not comparable with the kinds of value-based decisions the PO makes: they are cost-based decisions, so the sorting algorithms all blow up. So we just don't ask.
Instead, we work clean, which results in moving at the best possible pace. We keep the code clean, and when it gets crufty, as it will, we clean up according to the "Boy Scout Rule", which is to leave the campground cleaner than we found it. We don't go hunting down dirty places to clean: we clean the ones we visit.
We work as close to defect free as we can, because there is no case in which anyone wants a defect. We prevent them, by checking our code as we go, so that in every moment, we are quite confident that it does what we've been asked to do. When, as they will, our checking falls short, we bear down a bit and write more. In particular, if a defect gets discovered, we improve the checking in the neighborhood of that defect.
We don't ask permission to do our work well, any more than we ask permission to use if statements or for loops. The mechanic doesn't ask you what wrench to use: he knows what wrench to use. The programmer doesn't ask the Product Owner when to test or refactor: he knows when to test and refactor. (And that time is now, and always.)
Proper professional practices are not optional and are not up to business stakeholders to authorize.
Fear of job loss
After hearing that sort of advice from their helpers, many developers resort to saying they will be fired if they "push back" on stakeholders or management regarding the use of proper development practices. It's the last, weakest excuse they can think of.
A few years ago there was an economic downturn in the United States. I haven't gone back in search of the exact numbers, but as memory serves we hit a high of around 9.5% average unemployment nationwide. At that time, the unemployment rate in the IT sector was about 2%. Bear in mind when unemployment is in the 4% to 5% range, we are at "full employment." That's normal job churn. Those numbers might not be precisely correct, but they're close enough to make the point.
That means when the economy was at its worst since the Great Depression, software development professionals were still in better shape than other workers during periods of full employment. So, why the fear?
There's another reason not to fear. Consider what it takes for your employer to replace you. Assuming you're any good at all as a developer, it will take them a good six months to find, recruit, and ramp up a replacement for you. Do you honestly believe management will skip through the halls of your company merrily firing people left and right for no good reason? They would be crippling their own company.
Finally, there's the question of who is responsible for your career. Is it your employer, or is it you? If you are truly in a job where management and stakeholders simply do not understand the fundamentals of all this, and where you know you will always be treated as a day laborer instead of as a professional, then why the hell are you still there?


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Product review: Carpe + discount codePosted: January 26, 2016 Filed under: Review, safety, Tips, youth sports | Tags: carpe, grip, gym, hockey, lotion, review, sweat, sweaty hands, yoga Leave a comment
When you are an active person, you tend to sweat. Sometimes a lot. And though the whole purpose of physical activity is to get your heart rate up and get a sweat going, sometimes the sweating part is counterproductive to the activity. I struggle enough to hold a down dog without having my sweaty hands slide across my yoga mat. And I will never attain chin-up board status at the gym if my hands are slipping on the bar. Even in the cold winter months, my usual activities can raise a good amount of perspiration, which is probably why the people at Carpe thought I'd be a good reviewer for their product, an antiperspirant hand lotion. ("We've found a sweaty one, let's give her a call," is probably what went through their minds.) I said sure, why not? which usually just gets me into trouble but this time it worked out well. They sent me a tube of Carpe Antiperspirant Hand Lotion for free to try out and review, and a code you can use to get a 20% discount.


text: Volunteers will be needed in the future to set up and take down shows. More opportunities will be posted as Bright Red Studios develops, if you have experience or enthusiasm for these opportunities let us know! If you have ideas for projects or activities that would be beneficial for Bright Red Studios' growth, your input is greatly appreciated!


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by Bethany Brock, Public Relations Writer
Members of Cedarville University's College Republican Club (CCRC) attended the annual Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in National Harbor, Md., in March to listen to messages from prominent political figures.
CPAC was founded by the American Conservative Union and features top conservative figures and elected officials from across the country. Marco Rubio, Rand Paul, Mitt Romney, Newt Gingrich, Sarah Palin, Ben Carson, Ted Cruz, Scott Walker and Eric Metaxas were among the speakers at the conference this year. The speakers addressed a variety of topics including foreign policy, national debt and reform within the Republican Party.
Over 10,000 people attended the conference this year, half of which were college students.
CCRC is a student organization under the Ohio College Republican Federation. CCRC provides politically minded students with an outlet to learn about and participate in politics, both locally and nationally.
According to David Wright, sophomore business student and president of CCRC, the organization gives students a unique opportunity to engage the political arena. "The Cedarville University College Republicans provides students with access to conference trips, meet-and-greets, campaigning opportunities, question and answer sessions and other exclusive opportunities," Wright said.
CCRC members stayed in Washington, D.C., and were able to visit the National Mall, various memorials, the National Museum of American History and the Smithsonian following the CPAC sessions.
Members were able to meet Eric Metaxas, a New York Times best-selling author of biographies about William Wilberforce and Dietrich Bonhoeffer. Wright said this was a special experience because Metaxas had spoken at Cedarville University just two days before speaking at CPAC.
"CPAC inspired us to not only engage in, but think more critically about, politics. It's easy to feel detached from all that occurs in Washington, but getting the opportunity to listen to and engage with policy-makers influences students to understand the importance of national government and our local governments," he said.
Attending the conference also provided members with an opportunity to network with other conservatives from across the U.S., and to share thoughts and ideas about current political issues.
"Instead of simply being fed politics from our professors or the news, we were given the opportunity to actually interact with political leaders whose actions over the next decade will influence the direction of our nation," said Wright.
There are more than 70 student organizations on campus that allow students to pursue various interests, passions and hobbies with other students who share similar interests. "There are so many opportunities that are available to college students, and organizations aid in connecting students with these," said Wright.
Located in southwest Ohio, Cedarville University attracts 3,400 undergraduate, graduate and online students to more than 100 areas of study. Inspiring greatness for over 125 years, Cedarville is a Christ-centered learning community recognized nationally for rigorous academic programs, strong graduation and retention rates, accredited professional and health science offerings and leading student satisfaction ratings. Visit the University online at www.cedarville.edu.


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This March, anyone who's everyone in the indie scene will descend upon Austin, TX for the SXSW Festival (March 11-20 in Austin, TX). Sandwiched between the media panels and the thousands of musicians is the annual film festival, and this year's line up promises everything from big names to new talent, with a good sized dose of women.
The festival will show world and national premieres for some hundred or so feature films, including the work of over twenty female directors. Jodie Foster will be premiering her third foray into directing with The Beaver, that nutty film where Mel Gibson plays a man who learns to cope with his depression by talking through a puppet beaver. If SXSW had a WTF category, you can be sure it'd headline there.
Jodie Foster and Mel Gibson in The Beaver
Other narrative films debuting at the festival include Super, where Ellen Page joins Liv Tyler in an "outlandish dark comedy" about, well, people who turn into their superhero alter egos to deal with life. I'm kinda hoping it'll just be like that video for "Crazy," but with more comic books.
Ellen Page and Rainn Wilson in Super
There will also be the return of Precious star Gabourey Sidibe, who joins Zoe Kravitz and Antonique Smith in Yelling To The Sky, the story of a teenage girl, Sweetness O'Hara, who is working to survive in her neighborhood when her family fails her. The film, directed by actress-turned-director Victoria Mahoney, was apparently shot in just eighteen days.
Zoe Kravitz in Yelling To The Sky
Other women who will be lighting up the screen include Vera Farmiga, who stars in the much anticipated thriller Source Code; and Rosario Dawson, who is part of an ensemble cast for Girl Walks Into A Bar, a comedy that follows strangers who start out in ten different bars in L.A. only to eventually become entwined.
And if you've been waiting for some teen comedy to totally stick it to the whole vampire craze, luckily there's My Sucky Teen Romance, where a group of teenage nerds have to defend their friend–and their sci-fi convention — from, well, vampires. Also happening in the category of Awesome Teenagers, you can find Detention, a film about a girl who has to survive a slasher killer (that's the detention part) in time to save prom. Bring it.
My Sucky Teen Romance
In addition to dozens of narrative features, the festival will be highlighting new and award winning documentaries. Austinite Heather Courtney is premiering her doc Where Solider's Come From, in which she travels to her hometown in Michigan to tell the stories of childhood friends who serve in Afghanistan and the transformations they all endure. A good doc to catch before bopping over to the music segment of SXSW will be Le Tigre: On Tour, the world premiere of a documentary following Kathleen Hanna, JD Samson and Johanna Fateman as they tour the world as the beloved electropop group Le Tigre.
Le Tigre: On Tour
Whatever their cinematic fancy, audiences at SXSW will be counting themselves lucky. Will you be attending?


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Friends School of Baltimore
Baltimore, MD
School Description
Founded in 1784, Friends School of Baltimore provides a coeducational, college preparatory program guided by the Quaker values of truth, equality, simplicity, community and peaceful resolution of conflict. By setting high standards of excellence for a diverse and caring community, Friends seeks to develop in each student the spiritual, intellectual, physical and creative strengths to make a positive contribution to the world. Recognizing that there is that of God in each person, the School strives in all its programs, policies and affairs to be an institution that exemplifies the ideals of the Religious Society of Friends. At Friends, we work together to build and sustain a community that is inclusive, respectful, and supportive of all people; we value diversity and cherish differences. Dedication to simplicity, peace, integrity, community, equality, and stewardship permeates every aspect of Friends School life. Regular Meeting for Worship strengthens and deepens our commitment to these Quaker testimonies. Active practice of these principles nurtures empathy and fosters a sense of responsibility to the needs of others. Structured opportunities for service help students live the Quaker testimonies at school and in the broader community. Friends is a coeducational college preparatory school offering a Pre-K to 12 program comprised of 855 students, that promotes in each student internal motivation, diligence, a passion for learning, and a strong desire to excel. The school is therefore most effective for students who can thrive in an enriched and challenging environment. Friends School cultivates the intellectual, emotional, social, physical, artistic, and spiritual development of the students. Our program balances academics, athletics, and the arts. Quaker education is a pilgrimage–a continual seeking after Truth. The search for truth requires a willingness to listen openly to the ideas of others, even in fields of controversy. Friends School believes that through self-awareness, growth, and service to others, that of God in each person is made manifest.
Description of Maker Space
The space in which we currently house our maker space, informally named the "innovation lab," has a checkered past at the school. At various times in the school's history it has served as a computer lab, gymnasium, wrestling room, temporary classroom space, student newspaper editorial offices, book depository, and furniture storage warehouse. It occupies the lower level of the Upper School library and in fact, is the basement, subterranean level of the Upper School. The two-story room is spacious, open, and has a mezzanine level that serves as an ad hoc observation deck where reference shelves of library books currently are kept. The space has a fluidity and interchangeability to it; the tables, stools, shelves, tools, are not in fixed locations but can be rearranged to suit the needs of the activity. The space is organized roughly into "studios" comprised of a Robotics practice field and workshop, a Vespa scooter atelier, and classroom space for Sculpture, Automotive Physics, and other electives. The central area has large movable tables with stools of varying heights. We have re-purposed old, cast off furniture and shelving from the school's surplus. Very few, if any items in the space were purchased new. The Robotics field is movable/storable and includes an ingenious wooden "envelope" storage unit that was designed and built by students in the Robotics club. There are racks of shelving for storage of raw materials and tools. The room is outfitted with a wireless projector, whiteboards, and 3-D printer (coming soon!)
Description of Program
The Friends School Maker Space is defined by its fluidity and interchangeability. The functionality of the space is intentionally not set or fixed. It is not a wood shop, garage, science lab, nor art studio but rather, it is ALL of those things. The space is a physical manifestation of the school's Teaching and Learning Paradigm which is the pedagogical and curricular framework for the school. The 3 spheres of this paradigm, Knowledge, Skills, and Habits of Mind, work interchangeably in the design and delivery of the learning experiences at all levels of the school. Curiosity, Creativity, Empathy, Reflection, and Resilience are the foundational habits of mind of the Teaching and Learning Paradigm and are among the habits that students cultivate and develop in our Maker Space. Previous all-faculty summer reads also inspired the building and design of the space and the programs and activities that happen there. Shop Class as Soul Craft by Matthew Crawford and Creating Innovators by Tony Wagner emphasize the crucial importance of learning by doing, "tinkering," designing, building, modeling, experimenting, playing as experiences that help young people foster and deepen their creativity. The Maker Space is also not "owned" by any single teacher or department. There is an egalitarian, "open-to-all" atmosphere to the space: students are free to work on projects during free periods and before/after school or on weekends. For example, It is not uncommon for the space to be humming with boisterous and exuberant activity on a Friday night with Robotics team members prepping for their upcoming qualifying tournament.
Examples of How the Space is Being Used
There are several Upper School courses and clubs that meet in the space. Students and teachers of Sculpture, Automotive Physics, Motion (Kinetic Sculpture), Vespa Restoration Club, and Robotics Club are the primary users of the space.
Future Plans
Our forays into creating a maker space have been organic and evolving. The design of the space and the activities which happen there have not been directed by any one person, department, or administrator. Similarly, the space has no capitalized budget or funding source. Rather, it has continued to grow and expand through the passion and interest of several members of the faculty.
Among our many ideas and plans for the future of this space and its uses are:
- Open studio hours for students
- Accessibility and use by students/teachers in the Lower and Middle Schools
- Interdisciplinary projects
- A community materials cabinet for club activities
- Additional receptacles, coiled power extensions from the ceiling
- Additional lighting with capability for different "plots" and moods
- Improved ventilation (for soldering, small metals, fume hood for jewelry design)
- Repositional ceiling mounting mechanism for hanging or displaying tools and projects
- Additional display/gallery capability
- Glass wall on the mezzanine to protect the library books from dust, etc.
Possible projects/courses/clubs and activities in the space might include:
- Cardboard construction
- Prototyping
- Woodworking
- Metalworking
- Electronics
- Robotics
- 3-D Digital fabrication
- Building motorized bicycles and kinetic machines
- Textiles and sewing
- Ceramics


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Yesterday I attended a viewing event for a national teleconference on preschool.
It was a little like going to a viewing party for a presidential debate (except there weren't any drinking games and nobody was cheering or yelling at the screen).
Washington advocacy group Pre-K Now broadcast the conference nationally, and viewing sites were set up around the country. I watched at KLRN, which followed the national conference with a Texas-centric portion broadcast from the San Antonio studios.
Publicly-funded preschool has gotten a lot of attention lately, mostly at the state level. Although as some conference speakers noted, President-elect Obama has been touting early education too.
Advocates say the return on investment is huge and that a high-quality pre-K program can mean reduced high school dropout rates, higher wages and rates of homeownership and less strain on the criminal justice system.
Among the most common questions from critics is whether those benefits extend to children from middle and upper class families.
After the national portion of the teleconference the Texas portion of the broadcast focused mostly on the legislative agenda of the Texas Early Childhood Education Coalition.
The five-pronged agenda supports providing full-day public preschool to children who are now eligible for half-day programs. It would also require additional training for child care providers.


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Chronic ankle sprains can really be frustrating.
Just when you think you're healed enough to go back to playing or running, you injure you ankle again.
It seems that its getting easier and easier to sprain your ankle and you're right.
With each sprain, your ankle gets weaker and weaker.
What's worse is that ankle braces won't help at this point. They just aggravate the problem.
But all hope is not lost.
You can recover.
I did.
After more than 30 sprains in my basketball career, I can honestly say that for the past 20 years I have not sprained my ankle one time and I've played hundreds of basketball games at a high level.
How did I do it?
How did I rid myself of sprains?
I followed a proven ankle rehab program called fastrehab.com.
It consists of a total of 3 exercises.
The first one reduces swelling and pain.
The second one restores range of motion, strengthens supporting muscles and repairs nerve damage.
The third one strengthens your jumping and running muscles.
Want to learn more about it?
Here's the link: The Best Sprained Ankle Rehab Program
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1. What item is a trophy of excellence for the Captain?
2. What paper is Roberts holding in his hand when he runs into the doctor early in Act 1, Scene 1?
3. What do the sailors notice is being built on a nearby island?
4. What is Dolan asked to do for Roberts?
5. What warning phrase do the sailors shout when spying on the women showering?
6. Who lies about seeing women in the spyglass?
7. Why do the sailors want to go to an island near their ship?
(read all 180 Short Answer Questions and Answers)
This section contains 5,485 words
(approx. 19 pages at 300 words per page)


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Winning most matches is a collective effort: Dhoni
Skipper Mahendra Singh Dhoni surpassed Sourav Ganguly as the most successful Indian Test captain with 22 wins after India won the second Test against Australia in Hyderabad today.india Updated: Mar 05, 2013 15:20 IST
Skipper Mahendra Singh Dhoni feels winning most matches as an Indian Test captain is a collective effort and said the credit should go to all the team members.
Dhoni surpassed Sourav Ganguly as the most successful Indian Test captain with 22 wins after India won the second cricket Test against Australia by an innings and 135 runs in Hyderabad Tuesday. India now have a 2-0 lead in the four-match Border-Gavaskar Trophy series.
"Credit goes to the team and the support staff. And winning most matches as captain is a collective effort, and credit goes to each and everyone. We have gone through a period we haven't won many games," said Dhoni.
Dhoni lauded pacer Bhuvaneshwar Kumar for giving the team a good start on the first day.
"It was important to get off to a good start. Bhuvneshwar provided that. You don't see fast bowlers getting too many in these conditions," he said.
On the 370-run stand between Cheteshwar Pujara (204) and Murali Vijay (167), Dhoni said: "We often talk about long partnerships. If you get 40-50, you have to score big. That's what Pujara and Vijay did. That resulted in a massive partnership, which gave us the freedom to accelerate yesterday."
Dhoni was impressed with the way Pujara, Man of the Match, and Vijay negotiated the Australian seamers.
"It was very important to not give their seamers wickets, and I think they saw that period off really well. After that they could dictate terms," he said.
The India captain also had words of praise for his bowlers.
"Very good bowling performance. It was important to start today's play really well, and Ishant gave us the important breakthrough. I think I have got a very good side," he said.
Pujara on a lighter note said there was pressure on him to score since his newly-wed wife was worried.
"Really happy about it. There was a bit of pressure on me. I just got married, and my wife was worried I should perform," Pujara laughed.
On a much serious note, Pujara said the experience of scoring big innings in the domestic circuit stood in good stead for him.
"We knew that the new ball would do a bit. The plan was to not lose any wickets in that first session. My natural game to play that fast. Scoring those many runs in domestic runs has given me the experience to help me keep the tempo. It was a very important partnership with Vijay, our communication was good and it set the platform," he said.


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fmls# 6678004. Listing courtesy of Traton Homes. Copyright 2020 Listings identified with the FMLS IDX logo come from FMLS, are held by brokerage firms other than the owner of this website and the listing brokerage is identified in any listing details. Information is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed. © 2014 First Multiple Listing Service, Inc.
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The Project
The Story
Sharing Is Caring!
First Meeting
Follow Up
Share This Story
Click here to read the story.
Monday 12th March 2012, Kloof Nek, Cape Town.
A friend posted a short film on Facebook:
If you've been following Wearelucky, you'd know I have a lot of time for the car guards of Cape Town and the film on Facebook really struck a chord with me. Patrick works close to where I stay in Cape Town and I love the fact he is so ambitious and energetic and has a burning desire to succeed. I contacted the guys who made the video and turned up a day earlier than arranged. It made a welcome change from always being late but it also meant that I couldn't meet Patrick on that particular day. I explained the project to Chris Auret, whose idea it was to make the vid, and he was moved to tears by how his film had sparked such a positive chain of events. Chris is one of the worlds nice guys, for sure.
More tears flowed when I eventually got to meet Patrick and it was one of the most emotional moments of Wearelucky. Chris asked if he could film me handing over the cash and explaining the project, but I declined. I'm still uncomfortable with the idea of that. However, I do regret not capturing Patrick's initial reaction – it was absolutely priceless and really brought home what the project is about. Truly beautiful.
The guys did make a second film shortly after:
Questions & Answers
1. What were your first thoughts and feelings when propositioned with Wearelucky?
J'etais emotionne et joyeu.
2. What have you decided to do with the money?
Je me suis decide d'aller au college et faire un petit commerce.
3. What were the reasons driving that decision?
Pour moi c'etait une opportunite de proffessionaliser, approfondir mon art et essayer de me prendre un tout petit peu en charge.
4. Do you feel that being involved is important to the giving process?
Oui, parceque, si on s'implique on comprend directement les besoins des autres.
5. Has Wearelucky inspired you?
Oui, beaucoup, en donnant la confiance en soi et a penser a aider les autres.
Click here to find out what happened next
Patrick Rapper Monday 12th March 2012, Kloof Nek, Cape Town.
More tears flowed when I eventually got to meet Patrick and it was one of the most emotional moments of Wearelucky.
  Click to view the gallery.
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This is an ongoing project.
(CC) {Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs} 2012
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Kris Cook
Jared Woods.