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Genomes document ancient mass migration to Europe
2 March 2015
From the section Science & Environment
Image caption
Nomadic herders moved en masse into Europe from the steppe around 4,500 years ago
DNA analysis has revealed evidence for a massive migration into the heartland of Europe 4,500 years ago.
Data from the genomes of 69 ancient individuals suggest that herders moved en masse from the continent's eastern periphery into Central Europe.
These migrants may be responsible for the expansion of Indo-European languages, which make up the majority of spoken tongues in Europe today.
An international team has published the research in the journal Nature.
Prof David Reich and colleagues extracted DNA from remains found at archaeological sites around the continent. They used a new DNA-enrichment technique that greatly reduces the amount of sequencing needed to obtain genome-wide data.
Their analyses show that 7,000-8,000 years ago, a closely related group of early farmers moved into Europe from the Near East, confirming the findings of previous studies.
The farmers were distinct from the indigenous hunter-gatherers they encountered as they spread around the continent. Eventually, the two groups mixed, so that by 5,000-6,000 years ago, the farmers' genetic signature had become melded with that of the indigenous Europeans.
But previous studies show that a two-way amalgam of farmers and hunters is not sufficient to capture the genetic complexity of modern Europeans. A third ancestral group must have been added to the melting pot more recently.
Prof Reich and colleagues have now identified a likely source area for this later diaspora. The Bronze Age Yamnaya pastoralists of southern Russia are a good fit for the missing third genetic component in Europeans.
The team analysed nine genomes from individuals belonging to this nomadic group, which buried their dead in mounds known as kurgans.
The scientists contend that a group similar to the Yamnaya moved into the European heartland after the invention of wheeled vehicles, contributing up to 50% of ancestry in some modern north Europeans. Southern Europeans on the whole appear to have been less affected by the expansion.
Image caption
By 5,000-6,000 years ago, Europeans were a two-way mix of indigenous hunters and Near Eastern farmers
Even more intriguing is the possible link between this steppe expansion and the origins of Indo-European languages.
Most indigenous European tongues, from English to Russian and Spanish to Greek, belong to the Indo-European group. The classification is based on shared features of vocabulary and grammar.
Basque, spoken in south-west France and northern Spain, does not fit in this group, and may be the only surviving relic of earlier languages once spoken more widely.
Two principal hypotheses have been put forward to explain the preponderance of Indo-European tongues in Europe today.
According to the "Anatolian hypothesis", Indo-European languages were spread by the first farmers from the Near East 7,000-8,000 years ago.
But the latest paper supports the "Steppe hypothesis", which proposes that early Indo-European speakers were farmers on the grasslands north of the Black and Caspian Seas.
"An open question for us is whether the languages spoken by these steppe migrants were just ancestral to a sub-set of Indo-European languages in Europe today - for example, Balti-Slavic and maybe Germanic - or the great majority of Indo-European languages spoken in Europe today," Prof Reich told BBC News.
But he added that Indo-European languages spoken in Iran and India had probably already diverged from those spoken by the Yamnaya before the nomads blazed a trail into Europe.
More on this story
Europeans drawn from three ancient 'tribes'
17 September 2014
Hunter-gatherer European had blue eyes and dark skin
27 January 2014
European origins laid bare by DNA
10 October 2013
Making of Europe unlocked by DNA
23 April 2013
Science & Environment
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Genomes document ancient mass migration to Europe
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text: Center for Addiction Research Research MTT MTTResearch The overarching goal of this MTT is to develop the best practices of translational research and employ these to discover new biomarkers and therapeutic approaches to the addictionsand impulse control disorders. Building on our core strengths in cellular and animal models, clinical science, and chemistry, this MTT is addressing the fundamental gap between the genes, biology and impulsivity which underlies a spectrum of health maladies. Impulsivity or "action without reflection" is an endophenotype for the addictions, aggression/violence and obesity/binge eating disorders, conditions that together account for an incredible portion of the chronic disease burden in the U.S. We are building on our prior studies that serotonin (5-HT) transmission, particularly through its cognate 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) and 5-HT2CR proteins, plays a key role in inherent levels of impulsivity, and explore the specific linkage between the biology of the 5-HT2AR/5-HT2CR systems and impulsivity in humans. Our overarching hypothesis is that high tonic/constitutive 5-HT2AR function and low tonic/constitutive 5-HT2CR function are drivers of high impulsivity. To test this hypothesis, we will develop a human subjects laboratory (Specific Aim 1) at UTMB to clinically (Barratt Impulsivity Scale; BIS-11) and experimentally analyze impulsivity in three behavioral tasks (Go/No-Go task, reversal learning task, reward-word Stroop Task). We will recruit healthy human subjects (18-55 yr), collect blood samples and evaluate clinical and behavioral laboratory measures of impulsivity as well as subject history information on addiction, violence and eating behavior. Current ProjectsDetermine biomarkers for impulsivity in adolescents (Temple, Van den Berg). As teen dating violence and disordered weight control behaviors have been linked to impulsive tendencies, two of our MTT projects study both behaviors in adolescents. Both projects collect longitudinal data from adolescents from regional schools. Both Drs. Temple and Van den Berg collect impulsivity data (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale; BIS 11, and modified BIS) from human subjects, and will begin to collect saliva samples to look for biomarkers. Link epigenetic status of serotonin 2 receptor (5-HT2R) genes to impulsivity and addiction phenotypes (Cunningham, Moeller, Anastasio, Sowers) Methylation of the 5-HT2AR gene promoter has been implicated as a contributor to schizophrenia and mood disorders, and previous studies revealed that levels of impulsivity positively correlated with 5-HT2AR protein levels. This project looks at the methylation of key residues of 5-HT2AR in cocaine-user human subjects Develop pipeline to enhance medications development for impulsivity disorders (Cunningham, Gilbertson, Hommel, Zhou) Current projects include the study and development of small molecule compounds to treat impulsivity disorders including cocaine addiction and relapse and obesity. Establish best practices in translational research The goal is to leverage the successes of our various MTT projects to develop new collaborations and projects. MTT members utilize monthly meetings and a web-based collaboration platform to suggest and brainstorm potential collaborations, grant proposals, and paper submissions InvestigatorsPharmacology & ToxicologyKathryn Cunningham, Ph.D. *Noelle Anastasio, Ph.D. *Lawrence Sowers, Ph.D. *Jia Zhou, Ph.D. *Psychiatry Yong-fang Kuo, Ph.D.*Edythe Harvey, Ph.D.Robert Rose, M.D.Christopher Thomas, M.D.*Preventative Medicine & Community HealthYong-fang Kuo, Ph.D.*Kevin Wooten, Ph.D.Preventative Medicine & Community Health Jason Glenn, Ph.D.*Center for Addiction ResearchScott Gilbertson, Ph.D. (UH)James Kasper, Ph.D.F. Gerard Moeller, M.D. (VCU)Obstetrics – GynecologyJeff Temple, Ph.D.*Donna LeSara Nowakowski, Ph.D.*Patricia Van den Berg, Ph.D.*School of Social WorkSunny Shin, Ph.D. (VCU)*Also members of the Center for Addiction ResearchVCU – Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VirginiaUH – University of Houston, Houston, Texas


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These words I dread
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Aka Goodbye my friend
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(Visited 1,032 times, 1 visits today)


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Comic Book Urban Legends Revealed #174: Bob Kane, Mephisto, and Phoenix.
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Morning Grain Comments, 03/31/2016
Thursday, March 31, 2016
Everyone is looking ahead to the USDA publications this morning, to finish out what has been a mostly positive month for the grains, and set the table fundamentally for the transition into a weather market...
South Korean millers bought 33k tonnes of U.S. wheat for July-August.
Indonesian importers have bought around 80k tonnes of Argentine feed wheat in the past week, for April delivery, at just $175/tonne cost plus freight.
Jordan has re-issued an international tender for 100k tonnes of milling wheat.
Egpyt's GASC yesterday announced that they will add Bulgaria to their list of potential wheat import suppliers, starting with their next tender.
Brazil's Ag Minister yesterday proposed scrapping "some" import taxes on corn, in order to ease shipments of Argentine corn in the coming months; they will also sell a total of 160k tonnes of corn from government stockpiles in the northeast and southern regions of the country, to small livestock producers. In addition, a Brazilian poultry and pork industry group said half a million tonnes of corn has been booked from Argentina and Paraguay for April/May.
South Africa's Crop Estimates Committee (CEC) estimated the country's 2016 corn crop at 7.1 million tonnes yesterday morning, down from 7.255 MMT previously but above the average trade estimate of 6.77 MMT. That is also above the current USDA estimate at 6.5 MMT, and this week's USDA attaché figure at 7.0 MMT. It would be down 29% from last year's 9.95 MMT
DOE total fuel ethanol production declined for the second straight week this week to 992k bpd, though each of those declines were small and that most recent figure remains ahead of the comparable 952k bpd from last year. Cumulative output (974k bpd) remains 27k bpd ahead of last year's pace thru 29 weeks, but that '14/15 pace dropped through May as weekly output fell to a low at 887k bpd on 5/1/15.
Unless otherwise noted, the posts on this blog should be construed as market commentary, merely observing economic, political and/or market conditions, and not intended to refer to any particular trading strategy, promotional element or quality of service provided by INTL FCStone Inc. or its subsidiaries. INTL FCStone Inc. is not responsible for any trading decisions taken by persons viewing this material. Information contained herein was obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but is not guaranteed as to its accuracy. These materials represent the opinions and viewpoints of the author, and do not necessarily reflect the viewpoints and trading strategies employed by INTL FCStone Inc. or its subsidiaries. Reproduction without authorization is prohibited. All rights reserved.


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Wow… wow September 30, 2009Posted by buzzwordz in Barbara Dittert, Buzzwordz Trivia, Lakewood, CO, Old Chicago-Lakewood.
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Ok…. well- if you were at trivia last night, you totally know what that means! And in case you were wondering- NO, I will not pull your finger, and NO I will not go to your hotel room with you. And please keep tales of your junior high sexual escapades to yourself!
The rest of you seemed fairly normal. And I use that term lightly:)
Baked Mac- I cannot believe that you were drinking O' Douls. I also cannot believe you knocked your lady up:) JUST KIDDING!!!! I don't want to start any rumors here- they were drinking the N/As because their livers and kidneys were in recovery from some serious Beer Festivaling…
Scallywags- Hey you changed your name back! Mike- do these guys look at all familiar?
Occupation of Roz- I really need to get to know you guys better so I can find a better symbol for you. But good to see you back! You placed 2 weeks in a row!
Manhole- Formerly known as D-bag…. I mean D*ldo…
Exit Only- Nuff said…
Pinky and the Brain- Hey what happened to those brains? Where did you go- to take over the world or something?
No Culture- What's the differece between Iowa and yogurt? … Iowa's got an active culture…. Hee hee:)
Thank you all for coming,
See you next week!!!
I'll take that… Thank You! September 28, 2009Posted by buzzwordz in Broomfield, CO, Buzzwordz Trivia, Taylor Goodwin.
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Woody's, as always, was a great time this Saturday.
Round 1 was close, all the teams were within 2 points of each other at the end but it was Pearl Jam II who won by a half of a point! Yay for free beer!
Notorious VIP came in for round 2 after a couple of weeks MIA. I think he decided he needed some major catch up because he swooped in and blew the round right out of the water to easily win. Redheads won the bonus beer question getting scary close on their guess.
Round 3 proved to be a tough one and the teams stayed pretty close together. Longhorns lost a little of his force and got distracted by family (they always do that!) and Lando said that he was having a "dumb night". I'm having a "dumb life" if that makes you feel any better! However, despite everything, Lando won round 3 and took first place in the round and overall! VIP came in second without even playing the first round, now THAT's a cool guy!
Thanks everyone for coming out! I'll see you all next week, same bat time, same bat place!
A Race to the Finish Line September 28, 2009Posted by buzzwordz in Buzzwordz Trivia, Old Chicago-Thornton 120th, Taylor Goodwin, Thornton, CO.
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Even though September isn't OFFICIALLY over yet, our September tournament at Old Chicago's on Grant St. wrapped up last week. Our teams had the end in sight and I could tell this was going to be a good night!
At first it was slow, but that was just the quiet before the storm. Carlito won round 1 after beating WASP in the tie break question. For the first time ever I had both teams guess the same number for the tie break and I had to make them both guess again! You know what they say about great minds!
When round 2 started rolling so did the trash talking. Beer Me and I'm Buzzed both got a little razzed from WASP but they didn't let it effect them. I'm Buzzed came in second for the round getting beat by a half of a point by WASP. Norwegian Refugee Redo showed up to make a run for prizes but it was too little, too late. As an interesting note, this was the first round win for WASP even though they took home first place overall a few weeks ago.
Round 3– this is when it gets good. Coming into the last week, tournament first place was with I'm Buzzed. By round 3, if you had a score sheet to look at… like I did… WASP had taken that tournament lead by 1 point so it was really anyone's game! It's funny that the last question really decided the whole night. Who knew that gay porn knowledge could come in so "handy"? So who took it home? Who had the guts and gets the glory? In the end not only did WASP win round 3 and overall for the night, but with that final question they sealed their first place standing in the tournament and took home the gold!
Not to be overlooked, I'm Buzzed came in with a close (only 4.5 points) second and Beer Me took home third. Carlito came in 4th in the tournament and got a little prize to take home too!
Thank you all for participating in the tournament!! I look forward to doing it again in the future! Next week we go back to normal… same bat time, same bat place!
Keeping OC Regular September 27, 2009Posted by buzzwordz in Broomfield, CO, Buzzwordz Trivia, Old Chicago-Broomfield.
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The great thing about regular players is… well, they are regular… oh, and they come to play and WIN!
We started the evening with 5 regular teams plus team Olio (who had the cutest girl bringing up the answers!). The regulars? Suckiest Ninjas, Rockies Horror, Yes That, The Baby Don't Look Like Me, and Legion of Supernerds. Everyone was clustered together in points except Legion of Supernerds, who missed the first 2 questions… and they won! Imagine that! Living up to their name indeed!
For round 2 we added The Trisha Tollers but they found out they couldn't keep up with the regulars so gave up without finishing. Again, a cluster: That Baby was 1/2 point behind Yes, That, who was 1/2 point behind the winners of round 2 – Rockies Horror.
Yes, That redeemed themselves by winning the Bonus Beer Question.
We were joined by Sofa King Suite and You are NOT the Father who both had been in before, and just wanted to get in on the fun. – together they contributed 18 styles points in round 3 which beat out all the style points of the other teams combined!
So it came down to the wire with two teams vying for Round 3 – Rockies Horror, and That Baby. After some seesawing Rockies Horror won by 1/2 point. Which also gave them top points for the evening. And That Baby did so well in round 3 that it got them 2nd place for the evening. Way to hang in there.
Sorry to Suckiest Ninjas who normally rock the house, but they were busy keeping all the other teams stocked with food and beverages to answer every question – ah well – I hope the winners tipped well.
So we'll see all y0u regulars back next week – with a handful of new teams too I suspect!
Ciao for now,
– Keith
Men need to learn to flirt without being creepy! September 26, 2009Posted by buzzwordz in Buzzwordz Trivia, Denver, CO.
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This week at Charlie's, I had an admirer. Usually I'm flattered, but this time, I was not. One of the players kept writing me little notes on the answer sheet. And well, even a telephone number. But when a girl doesn't respond to your flirting, no matter how drunk you are, you really should just shut up. Funny thing about it, I was able to through the whole night without even hearing what the creeps voice sounded like. Creepy _____ (his name has been omitted for his own pride) please leave me alone.
Well most of you probably never even knew that Creepy ______ was bothering me because you were all playing trivia. So the bar wasn't super packed this week, but we still got the game going.
They were unstoppable this week. Alleycat won the first two rounds in tie breakers and then the third round. They won the game by a landslide, two points. For part of the game, they had Jake helping them out. Jake is a former resident hottie of trivia at Charlie's and has been missing lately. He is actually on his way out to Seattle for a change of residence. Good luck Jake, we'll miss you.
Second place went to The Evil Dr. Scientist. His name was singular this week because he was a singular player. I kinda tried to make Creepy ______ play on his team, but they weren't having it. Funny that he called himself a scientist tonight, because he had this jacket on, which I so cleverly wanted to substitute for his lab coat. He went to two tie breakers, but lost it to the team that meows.
Third place went to High Fiving Hamhocking Hank aka Striped Assassins. They were celebrating Tim's birthday. I would joke about him turning 34, but I know he'll kick my ass, so I'll keep it to myself. They were a new team, (well, a couple of them played like a year ago). Happy Birthday Tim!
Alrighty, we had some other teams that played trivia at Charlie's this week:
Neverland played for a total of like 20 minutes. He had to bug out to catch his bus. But before he left, he did share some wisdom with me: You should marry Heather Locklear. He's pretty sure that she has money, because her family runs Lockeed Martin and Lear Jet. Not that she didn't earn money acting or anything.
He wasn't in his usual seat, and he didn't have his usual team mate. Phyllis had Fred and Paul helping him out this week. They weren't able to score any prizes this week. If there had been a fourth place, it would have gone to them.
For some reason, he wanted to argue about Michigan and Michigan State teams with me. Poor boy doesn't realize that I've been having to decide between those two teams since I was in second grade. I used to wear green, cause that's all I had. Now I sport maize and blue. I'm sorry, Jessy. Unique played two rounds this week. He wasn't able to score any beer, which I'm pretty damned sure disappointed him.
I guess Orange Crush really liked the pen. Oh I don't really know what he was doing. He played two rounds, because he came in late.
Well boys, and couple girls, I had a good night. "thanks for the party"
See you next week ❤ Marci
Wednesday Trivia – The Castle in Littleton September 25, 2009Posted by buzzwordz in Buzzwordz Trivia, Castle Bar & Grill, Littleton, CO, Ricoh Wheeler.
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Ricoh here. We had a great night of trivia in Littleton.
If you're in the area, we need more players so come on out, ill have a gift for you!
First round went to Red Beards Are Hot, beating Gary by a point.
Second round went to Buzz, and he assured me that's been his nickname even before we showed up.
Final round went to Gunn 69 after a tiebreaker with Buzz and Red Beards Are Hot.
First place – Buzz
Second place – Red Beards Are Hot
Samson's Keepers Battle Break-off Team, Tumbleweeds, Crickets Chirping September 24, 2009Posted by buzzwordz in Adam Thornton, Buzzwordz Trivia, City Pub, Denver, CO, Fort Worth, TX, Matt Truta.
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Fall has fallen here in Denver. I don't know if it was the cold snap or what, but we had a record attendance last night at City Pub. Not the good kind of record! Last week was great and I'm sure next week will be back to normal, but we only had two teams matching wits last evening.
Team BadAss looked pretty good out of the gate. Last week's champions, Samson's Keepers flexed their muscles and wore down the challengers. Check us out next week for $3 martinis.
The Trivia Clinic is Open for Business September 24, 2009Posted by buzzwordz in Buzzwordz Trivia, Fort Worth, TX.
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Tuesday night trivia at the Big Apple Cafe in Fort Worth was one of our biggest and best nights of trivia to date. We had many teams from all over the country (the Big Apple Cafe is just south of one of the busiest airports in the world) and lots of returning players. All of the stars and planets had apparently aligned for Buzzwordz to have a big night.
In the opening round, following Thursday's perfect rounds at the Big Apple (seen here), I would have never expected to see that feat matched in consecutive trivia events. I was right, but not without a little scare. Team MTJB's came one question away from a clean sweep in the first round as they just edged out Team Help!.
The competition ramped up in round 2 as Show Me Your TD's(say it fast, you'll like it) jumped out to an early lead. Team Help! had to come back and then fend off a furious assault from 2 Dicks and a Chick. The trivia veterans prevailed and we headed into the final round.
In the final round, Team PLA (Pizza Lovers Anonymous), with the benefit of the Twitter Keyword seemed determined to crack one of the top spots. Show Me Your TD's faded slightly which allowed 2 Dicks & a Chick and PLA to inch closer to Team Help! who appeared to be running away with the top spot. For some reason, sitting only 2 points out of the overall lead, Team MTB's (now missing the J) inexplicably decided to leave. At that point, they were almost certain to walk out with at least second place. Instead, their points were surrendered and the door opened up for team PLA. Congratulations to Team Help! on their second consecutive victory at the Big Apple Cafe!
….pictures to come soon.
"Missed it by that much!" September 24, 2009Posted by buzzwordz in Buzzwordz Trivia.
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…according to the great, and wise, Agent 86. Thursday night at Big Shots in Bedford was quite possibly the most competitive night of trivia to date.
For the first time in Buzzwordz Trivia history (in Texas), we had a team (2 teams actually) run the table in the opening round. That's 11 points…..in the first round! I won't name names, but I've had teams that have struggled (ala the NY Jets according to Joe Namath) to amass 11 points for an entire night. There I was with 2 teams that had 11 points after the first round! Unbelievable.
Well, it turns out that it was pretty unbelievable, at least for one of those teams. One of my regular teams, Smartass McCrackin' was turning in the answers just as soon as I could ask them. These guys play each week and always do well, so there's never a question of their integrity. I couldn't say the same for the other team. Constantly turning in answers just before the time limit and always with other answers scratched out, I began to wonder. So, when the tie-breaker question was "guessed" perfectly by one of those teams, I knew something was up. After politely confronting the team as I watched them look answers up on a cell phone, I kindly asked they keep the phones put away and play the game as intended. It worked, and we were off to round 2.
The nice of "firsts" continued in the second round as team Water Works decided to run the table. They didn't sneak up out of nowhere, they finished the opening round with a great score, but was amazingly in third place. Not to be out-done, regulars, Bulgy Like a Moose matched Water Works' effort and added a perfect round of their own. After a second tie-breaker, 4 teams stormed into the final round with HUGE final score potential.
We'll fast forward to the end of the third round, where Water Works and Team DeFeebegan to fade, but Smartass McCrackin and Tuna Twisters(formerly Bulgy Like a Moose, more formerly Antique Farm Equipment) surged onward. I awarded a somewhat controversial half point to Smartass McCrackin' when one of their team members was able to tell me every career stat and personal detail about Jerry Sloan, but not his name. It turns out, that half point only caused more agony. With the bonus point provided by the Twitter Keyword, the Tuna Twisters prevailed by exactly one half point. Let's just twist that knife that's now buried in your heart Smartass McCrackin'.
Until next time…..
…pictures coming soon.
Now that's more like it! September 23, 2009Posted by buzzwordz in Barbara Dittert, Buzzwordz Trivia, Lakewood, CO, Old Chicago-Lakewood.
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Last week we had like 6 teams- this week (maybe because of the crappy weather?) we had 2 zillion. Much much better folks!! We even had some regulars back we haven't seen in awhile. Yay!!!
Baked Mac
You are sick. First place as usual.
Team Awesome (I like how you are loyal to MJF and did not use that tonight) Guess who designed the above illustration? DUCK WIENER!!!!!
Occupation of Roz- I sure do like that Roz, and her occupations. I do hope Jonah wasn't feeding you answers for tips.
Cutler's Diabetes: So this is what I feel like when I stand next to you mister.
Kalanis: I love how you sent your child up to argue anwers with me. I am bringing him a mug next week
Mutton Busters: For sure the only part of the rodeo I can stand. However, I feel like it just ends up that these sweet innocent children one day ride the bulls and squish their balls. Mean!!!
Dumptruck- You guys just totally made me come up with my Halloween costume!!! Thanks!!! (Ever seen Heathers?)
Complete Global Saturation: Ok so I didn't really understand what your team name meant- but when I looked it up a bunch of these came up. I hope you come back.
Leo Sayer: I love this one of him in the field. Totally want to run my fingers through his hair.
McNabb's Broken Rib: Well- how about a pic of George Clooney breaking a rib?
25 Days Bitch: Punk Rock Nerd Style
Cheesy Poof- Holy moly those things are good. Did you know that they serve the best ones in the world at the Garage Bar? FREE! Wow those are good after a lil drinkin'
2 T's in a Pod- Sorry, I could only find Ps!!!
Non Sequitor- Barbie likes your new name
Mnerds- Angie- too bad you couldn't come. It's gonna be a black out I assume. Oh and the rest of you weenies- thanks for attacking my special no no places during the game. I'll get you back jerks.
Go Rockies! For real in my opinion. Normally I don't care much at all about baseball but I just got selected to buy post-season tickets and I know I can sell those for an arm and a leg. GO ROCKIESSSSSSS!!!!!
See ya next week. There better be just as many of you this week as there were last.


text: We recently got rid of a large colony bats from a large church in Bloomfield Hills, MI. This took two technicians and a 46 foot aerial boom lift to get to the highest openings. We installed one way bat doors and sealed around the entire perimeter of the building and all of the roof lines. The roof was made of slate rock which is a bit tricky to deal with when getting rid of bats, but we were able to make it happen. The job was completed in early May now we are waiting to go back and remove all of the droppings in the attic. We service Bloomfield Hills, MI quite often for bat removal, bird control, and wildlife removal. If you need help contact us today (877) 922-BATS


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- Salt and Pepper
- 1 pound curly-edged, long-cut pasta, such as riccia or long, wide pasta
- About 3 tablespoons pine nuts or sliced almonds
- 1 cup flat-leaf parsley (a few handfuls)
- About 1/2 cup fresh tarragon leaves
- About 1/2 cup fresh mint leaves (a heavy handful)
- 2 cloves of garlic, pasted or finely grated
- About 1 teaspoon lemon zest
- A handful grated Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese, plus more for serving
- About 1/4 cup EVOO Extra Virgin Olive Oil
- 2 tablespoons butter
- 1 large shallot, finely chopped
- 1/4 pound thick-cut prosciutto, cut into 1/4-inch cubes
- 1 10-ounce box frozen organic sweet peas
- 1/2 cup white wine or chicken stock
- 1 cup heavy cream
Bring a large pot of water to a boil, salt it and add the pasta. Cook to al dente; drain, reserving 1/2 cup of the pasta cooking water.
While the pasta is working, lightly toast the nuts for the pesto.
Combine the pesto ingredients, including the toasted nuts, in a food processor and pulse into a paste.
Melt the butter in a large skillet over medium heat, add the shallot and stir for a couple of minutes. Add the prosciutto and stir for a minute more, then add the peas and stir to heat through. Stir in the wine (or stock) and cook to reduce, 2 to 3 minutes. Stir in the cream and season with salt and pepper. Lower the heat and let bubble; let bubble and thicken for a few minutes.
Toss the pasta with the cream sauce and the pesto, using a splash of reserved cooking water to loosen if desired. Pass the extra cheese at the table.


text: Vacations were so easy pre-kids. There was no need to think about nap times or bed times. No thinking about eating needs or entertainment needs or energy outlets. No need to think about extra bags and odd-sized luggage. Traveling with a baby can be extremely daunting. For a first time mom it can seem like … Continue reading Leslie: Tips for Traveling with an Infant – Air Travel Edition


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Climate Analytics is a non-profit organization based in Potsdam, Germany. Climate Analytics has been established to synthesize climate science that is relevant for international climate policy negotiations.
The Climate Analytics team is backed by science-based models to assess and synthesize climate science, and to provide real time strategic, policy and analytical support to negotiators, NGOs and others stakeholders at international climate negotiations.
The Climate Action Tracker is a science-based assessment system jointly developed by Climate Analytics, Ecofys and the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) that regularly provides updated information on countries' greenhouse gas reduction proposals. The Climate Action Tracker was launched in November 2009 and assesses both developed and developing countries emission reduction pledges.
Current emission reduction pledges, after the close of the Cancun climate conference, fall short of what is needed to get the world on track for limiting global warming to 2 and 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. Both of these warming limits are mentioned in the agreement.
To keep warming limited to these targets, global total emissions need to drop below 44 billion tonnes CO2eq per year by 2020. After adding up reduction proposals of individual countries and taking into account accounting provisions, expected global emissions leave a gap of 12 billion tonnes CO2eq/yr by 2020.
In Cancun, countries discussed a wide range of options that influence the size of the gap. If countries would implement the most stringent reductions they have proposed with most stringent accounting, the remaining 'reduction gap' would shrink to 8 billion tonnes CO2eq/yr.
The Climate Action Tracker reveals major differences between the ambition levels of countries when it comes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In the lead are the Maldives, which have proposed to become climate-neutral by 2020.
At the high end of the scale are Bhutan, which proposes to stay carbon neutral and Costa Rica, which proposes to become carbon neutral by 2021 if international support is provided. They are followed by Brazil, Japan, Norway, Papua New Guinea and South Korea, which are proposing to reduce their emissions significantly. In the 'medium' range are developing countries such as Chile, India, Indonesia, Mexico and South Africa. Many of them propose to reduce the growth of their emissions by the 2020s.
The EU is a special case. Its unconditional commitment of 20% reduction is rated 'inadequate'. However, the adoption of the 30% reduction target would move the EU into the 'medium' range and very close to 'sufficient'. China is rated 'inadequate', because its recently announced target falls short of the ambition level that was expected from the implementation of the current national policies.
Between the middle and the bottom of the scale is the United States, whose target is 'inadequate'. At the very bottom end of the scale are countries that have yet to propose substantial action beyond 'business as usual'. Among them are Russia and Moldova.
please consider the environment... only print this page if you really need to (
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BURLINGTON, N.C. — Burlington police say they're searching for a man who fled the scene after the bicycle he was riding was hit by a train.
According to police, the accident was reported shortly before 7 p.m. Thursday in the 100 block of Lakeview Drive.
Investigators determined a man was riding a bicycle south on Lakeview Drive when he attempted to cross the railroad crossing.
While attempting to cross, police say the man's bicycle was struck by a westbound Amtrak passenger train.
The crossing's stop arms were down at the time, police added.
After the collision, police say the man fled the scene. Witnesses said he was last seen pushing the damaged bicycle along South Schools Street.
The man's condition was not known as of 8 a.m. Friday.
He is described as a white male between the ages of 30 and 40 years old. He was wearing a dark jacket and "toboggan-style cap" at the time of the incident, police said.
The tracks were closed and the train was delayed for about an hour while authorities investigated, police said.
Police noted the man "had been on the Norfolk Southern railroad property illegally."
Police are investigating and ask that anyone with further information would call them or Crimestoppers at (336) 229-7100.


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Way back when I had written a post on my writing hardware, A Tale Of Two Computers-Part 1. While going through my blog posts and pages list today, I realized that I had not written the concluding post.
When I started this post, there was a very specific issue I wanted to highlight. A weird issue, but an annoying one too.
Writing, like any new skill you pick up, has a fairly long learning curve. Especially when you are going indie, like I have. Unlike the traditional route where there's the writing to be learned and the query letter polished and the art of waiting to hear back perfected, the indie folks have to do much more on their own. I have just started, so I come across many things I had no clue about, including Photoshop.
No, every indie author doesn't need to learn or master PS, there are plenty of awesome designers out there who are, like I said, awesome. But I love PSing (Photoshopping). It tickles my creativity and relaxes me in between tedious projects. So anyway, while I do seek assistance from freelance designers for some of my projects, many of them I tackle on my own.
One of them was tweaking the cover for my short story collection, Population Morpheus (which, BTW, is available as a FREE downloadable eBook).
If you've made it so far, great. This is where the fun begins.
The graphic above is one of the first iterations of the cover (please, if you can, ignore the font discrepancies for the purpose of this exercise). I liked the layout and I ordered printed proof copies of it. All looked good, so I ran a pre-launch promo with it as well.
Point to note, all this time I was looking at the cover on my Mac where I do my design stuff.
There I was, happy and moving on to other projects, when . . . one fine day, I just happened to browse the net with my VAIO and I chanced upon this cover.
If you are reading this on a Windows machine, you'll have seen the glaring problem already. You'd think, it's pretty obvious, how could she miss it?
If you're on a Mac, you'll wonder, what the heck is the woman talking about? Everything looks fine.
That, precisely was the problem. My Mac didn't show the terrible brown background color for the text fields, which showed up, clearly and inconveniently, in any Windows machine. Everything looked pretty and perfect on my Mac but Windows is still what most people use, right?
Although some damage was already done, I scrambled, fixed the layers, merged them in a different way in PS and corrected the problem (so I believe) in the cover below.
From then on, I have been looking at all my graphics on both platforms. None of them since have showed major differences, but I have learned my lesson. Always check on every platform you have access to. Never stick to one platform because your audience will not.
I was hoping to retire the five-year-old VAIO this Fall, but I guess that will have to wait. My VAIO will continue to hold onto a significant amount of space on my cramped writing desk, even though the Mac would like to have the whole area to itself.


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By now you've probably at least heard about Old Spice's uber-viral Old Spice Guy ad campaign. It's so simple and successful that Gillette is probably rubbing a Mach3 on its wrists as I type this: A well-built, often shirtless black man (Isaiah Mustafa) demonstrates his virility to women with a series of romantic, sometimes magical undertakings—baking a cake, turning event tickets into diamonds, horseback riding, etc. Old Spice Guy's ultimate point is that while "your man" can't be as handsome, strong, or mysterious as he is, he can at least smell as masculine if he uses Old Spice body wash. Though they initially address women, the commercials always end with the tagline "Smell like a man, man."
Problems with heteronormativity and misogyny—all women love diamonds!—aside, the Old Spice Guy spots are funny in the offbeat and visually exciting manner Internet audiences demand. PC World is calling the commercials "the most brilliant ad campaign ever." They've become so popular with Twitter and Facebook users that there's now a YouTube channel on which Old Spice Guy speaks directly to his Internet fans in 15 to 30-second bursts. It was there that Old Spice Guy granted a Twitter fan's request to perform his marriage proposal for him.
Most of us should be able to agree that nuptials beginning through a corporate Internet meme have a difficult road ahead; the success of the Old Spice Guy, on the other hand, might actually be a sign that being a black man in America is getting slightly easier.
It wasn't so long ago that black men in advertising were used to fill one of two roles: violent savage or passive, simple-minded gofers. Take for instance this Van Heusen shirt ad from 1952—less than a decade before Barack Obama was born—in which a scary black man adorned in bones is juxtaposed with a group of well-groomed whites. On this billboard, a black bellhop points excitedly at a white family's new Plymouth, certainly agog at the mechanical finery he couldn't dream of affording. Mad Men's Don Draper may be quite handsome, but advertising in the early 20th century was frequently hideous, exploiting the meanest of stereotypes in order to sell garbage people didn't actually need.
Today's ad agencies continue to push useless crap, of course, but to their credit, they're usually far less racist in their salesmanship. To wit, Old Spice Guy. There was a time when a muscular black man addressing America's "ladies"—not just black ladies, but all ladies—in a sexualized tone could have gotten him killed. The black male's inherent maleness wasn't an attractive quality; it was brutish and animalistic, something to be feared and pointed at as if looking at a zoo.
Today, Old Spice Guy bucks that notion. He's everywhere, topless and smoldering. And not only are his strength, intelligence and beauty at the forefront of his character, they're heralded as being at the apex of manhood. No man, black or white, can ever be as sexy, dynamic, talented and worldly as he, and no woman of any race can or should want to resist him. In day's past, Old Spice Guy would have been seen as threatening, aggressive, certainly unfit for a million-dollar ad campaign. But here in 2010, far from being fearful, America is rushing wildly into his sturdy embrace.
That smells like progress, man.
-Cord Jefferson is a staff writer at The Root. Follow him on Twitter.


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We offer dock equipment from three suppliers we know and trust in Mount Pleasant, SC.
Dock Equipment in Mount Pleasant – You have probably heard about Overhead Door Company of Charleston in terms of garage doors, overhead doors, sliding doors, and our exceptional preventative maintenance programs. What you may not know is that we also offer dock equipment from three suppliers we know and trust. We recognize that keeping your incoming and outgoing deliveries moving along requires quality and dependable dock equipment, and we guarantee that we have exactly what you need.
Some of the dock equipment you can count on us to provide and service are dock seals, yard ramps, levelers, and dock plates. Our three suppliers for dock equipment are Bluff Manufacturing, Inc., Fairborn, USA Inc., and Poweramp Premium Loading Dock Systems.
Dock equipment can resolve issues and make loading and unloading easier. For example, a dock leveler is used to adjust the height differences between a tractor trailer bed and your loading dock platform. These units come in both hydraulic and manual operation, each with their own advantages. We are happy to help you determine what type of dock leveler or other types of dock equipment will best suit your specific needs.
By working with the three best dock equipment suppliers, we take pride in knowing we are only providing the best quality available. As a result, you'll get to enjoy many decades of service from the dock equipment you purchase. You can count on us to provide exactly what you need.
Call us today to discuss getting dock equipment in the Mount Pleasant, South Carolina area. We would love to meet with you and give you a detailed estimate for any of the dock equipment we have available.
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Nowadays, the energy sector is facing a huge demand that needs to be covered. Wind energy is one of the most promising energy resources as it is free from pollution, clean and probably will arise as one of the main energy sources to prevent global warming from happening. Almost 10% of the global energy demand is coming from renewable resources. By 2050 this percentage is expected to grow to 60%. Therefore, efforts on wind turbine technology (i.e. reliability, design…) need to be coped with this growth.
Currently, large wind energy projects are usually carried out in higher altitudes and cold climates. This is because almost all of the cold climates worldwide offer profitable wind power resources and great wind energy potential. Operating with wind turbines in cold climates bring interesting advantages as a result of higher air density and consequently stronger winds (wind power is around 10% higher in the Nordic regions). Not only benefits can be obtained but extreme conditions force to follow harsh conditions. Low temperatures and ice accretion present an important issue to solve as can cause several problems in fatigue loads, the balance of the rotor and aerodynamics, safety risks, turbine performance, among others. As wind energy is growing steadily on icy climates is crucial that wind turbines can be managed efficiently and harmlessly during the time they operate.
The collected data for the ice detection, de-icing and anti-icing systems parts was obtained through the company Arvato Bertelsmann and is also based on scientific papers. In addition, computer simulations were performed, involving the creation of a wind tunnel under certain conditions in order to be able to carry out the simulations (1st at 0ºC, 2nd at -10ºC) with the turbine blades rotating in cold regions as a standard operation.
In this project, Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD) simulation on a 5MW wind turbine prototype with ice accretion on the blades to study how CL and CD can change, also different measures of ice detection, deicing and anti-icing systems for avoiding ice accumulation will be discussed. Simulation results showed a logical correlation as expected, increasing the drag force about 5.7% and lowering the lift force 17,5% thus worsening the turbine's efficiency.


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In addition to revealing its third quarter earnings today, publisher Electronic Arts has said that BioWare's MMO Star Wars: The Old Republic will be released this year.
Last week, sources cited by games industry website MCV reported that the game is to be released in September.
In addition to this 2011 commitment, EA CEO John Riccitiello confirmed that the company had incurred "significant" costs in developing the game.
Riccitiello also took a moment to refute the "falsehoods" of a former EA employee who called the MMO "a joke" and claimed the publisher had spent more than $300 million on the game.


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Benefit from unlimited gym and swimming, guarantee your place in workout classes with Health and Fitness memberships.
Bangor Aurora has been built to the latest specifications and include the following for disabled visitors:
Bangor Aurora also operates a buddy card system. This enables disabled visitors to bring a helping hand for free. The buddy can assist you during your visit. Please contact reception for any queries.


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Gastric Sleeve Surgery in Houston, TX
Understanding the gastric sleeve procedure for weight loss patients
When you think of bariatric surgery, you may be most familiar with the gastric bypass procedure*, which creates a small pouch in the stomach and alters the structure of the small intestines. However, there are several other bariatric procedures that may be more favorable, because they eliminate the malabsorptive quality of gastric bypass surgery*. Gastric sleeve surgery* is among these options, and is now the number one weight loss surgery in the U.S.
Keep reading to discover some of the advantages of this surgery, which reduces the size of the stomach by permanently removing a section of the stomach from the abdomen.
Expected Weight Loss
In patients who follow post-operative dietary and exercise guidelines, weight loss is similar to that of gastric bypass*. Weight comes off quickly, and patients can expect significant long-term weight loss of 60-80% of excess weight*. Patients do need to avoid drinking sugary beverages like juices and other high-calorie drinks, since these can hinder weight loss immediately following surgery.
Recovery Process
Like any bariatric procedure, gastric sleeve surgery* is not a quick fix, and there is a considerable recovery that follows surgery. You will have strict dietary needs and some unique challenges at mealtime that may take time to get used to. Here's a closer look at some of the highlights of the recovery process to help you prepare.
- Short hospital stay – Immediately after surgery, you may need to stay in the hospital for 1-2 days. Once you return home, you can expect a recovery lasting about 4-6 weeks as you establish a new daily routine to fit your post-surgery lifestyle, but most patients return to work in 5-7 days.
- Initial recovery period – Throughout the first weeks of recovery, you will be gradually introducing solid foods back into your diet after following a diet of full liquids, pureed then soft foods.
- Long-term management – The lifestyle changes that gastric sleeve surgery* requires are ongoing, as you will want to continue checking in with your surgical team and following their recommendations for diet and exercise. You should not have gastric sleeve surgery* if you are not prepared for significant changes in the way you eat and stay physically active.
If you have struggled with weight loss and want to explore your surgical options in Houston, call (281) 888-7767 to schedule a consultation with the experienced team at Houston Sleeve Surgery Clinic. We offer surgical care in addition to more conventional medical weight loss solutions so you will have a wide range of options available for your needs.
About the Weight Loss Procedure
The Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy* – often called the sleeve – is performed by removing most of the stomach. The remaining stomach is a tubular pouch that resembles a banana.This procedure works by two mechanisms. First, the new stomach pouch is 10 times smaller than the normal stomach and helps to significantly reduce the amount of food that can be consumed. Second, the surgery changes the secretion of some hormones that affect hunger, satiety, and blood sugar control. Short term studies show that the sleeve is as effective as the roux-en-Y gastric bypass in terms of weight loss and improvement or remission of diabetes.
Is Gastric Sleeve Surgery* Right for You?
- Small incisions, and short hospital stay of 24-48 hours.
- Effective weight loss results – average of 70% of excess weight loss in 6-12 months
- Low complications in comparison to other bariatric surgeries
- No foreign body to worry about that might cause problems
- Decreased appetite due to significant hunger hormone reduction
- You feel full and satisfied with small meals due to stomach size reduction
- Low risk for nutritional deficiencies in comparison to other surgeries
- High rates of resolution of medical problems related to obesity
How is Sleeve Gastrectomy* Performed?
It involves making five small laparoscopic incisions in the abdomen using long instruments, about 80% of the stomach is removed (gastrectomy) leaving a narrow stomach tube that looks like a banana. The portion of the stomach that remains has a smaller volume capacity of about 100 to 150 cc. Our Houston bariatric surgeons uses a stapling device to close the sides and enforces it with absorbable tissue.
Dr. Mirza has more than 15 years of experience and a 0% rate of any leak after all these years. The sleeve is tested during surgery with a safety "leak test" to further reduce risks. No intestines are removed or bypassed. This procedure takes 60-90 minutes to complete. This short operative time is an important advantage for patients, improving safety.
How Does Sleeve Surgery* Work?
Sleeve surgery* is a restrictive procedure. It reduces the size of the stomach by an average of 75% and limits the amount of food that can be eaten at any one time. Patients feel full after eating very small amounts of food. Patients also experience a significant decrease in appetite, due to the reduction of the size of the stomach and the amount of the (hunger hormone) called Ghrelin produced by the stomach. With less of this hormone present, individuals experience a significant reduction in the feeling of hunger between meals, helping them exercise more control over their eating habits.
Average weight loss is about 2-5 lbs. per week. Within 6-12 month, most patients lose an average of 70% of excess weight, especially those ones who are very motivated.*
But more important, most patients resolve their obesity related health problems.
Your Life After the Gastric Sleeve Procedure*
You can return to work within 5-7 days after the procedure, eating a full liquid diet as directed by our dietitian, then advancing your diet to puree and soft food within a 4 week period.
You can expect some pain and discomfort following gastric sleeve surgery*; however, the condition can be alleviated with medication. And it is short lived; actually over 90% of patients report no pain beyond the second day after surgery. Follow-up appointments will ensure that you are healing well. We can monitor your new dietary requirements to ensure you are adjusting as needed.
As with any surgical operation, sleeve gastrectomy* has a variety of possible complications, such as leakage, nausea, and many other complications. The surgeon will discuss these with you during your consultation in detail It is very important to know that in most cases, the health risks of morbid obesity far outweigh the risks of a well-planned sleeve gastrectomy procedure.
- Induces rapid and significant weight loss that comparative studies find similar to that of the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass*
- Requires no foreign objects and no postoperative adjustments
- Food passage into the intestines is not altered resulting in no malabsorption
- Involves a relatively short hospital stay of approximately 1- 2 days
- Causes favorable changes in gut hormones that suppress hunger, reduce appetite and improve satiety
- Is a non-reversible procedure
- Has the potential for vitamin deficiencies, but less than bypass surgery*
Take the first step and reach out to our Houston bariatric surgeon for help. Dr. Mirza is a compassionate surgeon who can assess your weight loss goals and metabolic needs to determine an appropriate treatment plan for success. To schedule a consultation at Houston Sleeve Surgery Clinic call us at (281)888-7767. We can help you to take the first step on the path leading to a healthy, fulfilling life!


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iam back from holidays!
first i want to wish u a happy new year. i know iam late..
i spend my holidays on the maledives, so it was really hot over
there, and here? ITS COLD!!!
btw, much ppl asked me what i got to christmas, iam gonna
tell u that in another post!
Yeah, i was there over my birthday.. the hotel did a nice birthday
cake for me with my name on it.
but yeah from now on iam gonna post more photos..
check out the blog review by marie here :)
and have fun with this lil wayne song!


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Tantric Dolls
London's most intimate tantric experience
OPEN 10am-1am everyday
About Me
Hi there I am Lorena and I thank you for visiting my profile. I'vebeen in London for 1 year since coming over from Brazil in order to study here. My English is still evolving however I can speak conversational English as well as fluent Portuguese and Spanish.
I have six months' body to body massage experience and am really enjoying my time in London exploring this wonderful city and enhancing my body to body massage experience. I am looking forward to the training I have booked here in London to help me learn new techniques to make my massage even better for you.
I am a sweet and sensual lady who loves to make my clients feel extra special when I see them. I like to get hot and soapy in the shower with you before our sexy body to body massage begins. I think this extra time together helps to make your massage a bit more relaxed and sensual as we will have had time to get to know each other a little better before so this will help you to relax, clear your mind and enjoy my body to body massage with you even more.
If you are looking for a sexy massage I can see you at my London Mayfair apartment for an incall body to body massage. If you would rather not head out to see me then I am happy to come and see you in your London hotel or private home so you wont even need to venture out. Wherever you would like to see me, call the Tantric Dolls team and they will be happy to arrange for us to meet.
I am very much looking forward to meeting with you soon so we can enjoy a sexy, sensual massage right here in this beautiful and vibrant city of London together.
To book call 07764 345 087


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Six Pack Secrets: Tips on how to lose body fat through exercise and diet. Nicole reduced her body fat % from 14% to 10% using the Herbalife Nutrition Programme and regular exercise. Two shakes, two snacks and a meal. Eat
Category Archives: Fat Loss
January 09, 2013 by admin | No comments
Six Pack Secrets From Herbalife 24 Fit
November 03, 2012 by admin | No comments
Aerobic base training enhances your fat burning abilities!
Aerobic Exercise: Top 5 Reasons To Get Physical. Become a "Better Fat Burner", Make Fat the Fuel of Choice!! Research shows exercising in specific target heart rate zones is the most productive way to improve cardiovascular health, maximize your workout


text: Luzviminda Travel and Tours offers budget friendly complete tour packages in Cebu, Bohol, and Cagayan De Oro. We provide high quality travel and tours services and the best tourist itineraries and destinations in Cebu. Enjoy at the white sand beaches of Moalboal and Bantayan Island, have a nature trek going to Kawasan Falls, and experience island hopping plus dive the marine sanctuary of Pescador Island. Visit us for current offers and have a great time... where touring Cebu is a blast!


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MONTREAL — The year drew to a close with the United Nations climate-change talks, this time in Durban, again ending in failure to reach an international agreement. Instead, the 192 nations agreed to start work on a new climate-change deal that negotiators hope will be agreed on by 2015 and come into effect from 2020.
Earlier this year, a federal election came and went in Canada with very little discussion of climate change. The environment has not been a key element in any political party's platform here since the Liberals under Stephane Dion in 2008, when he lost to Stephen Harper's Conservatives.
The Conservative government announced in Durban that Canada was pulling out of the Kyoto emissions accord. It has called the Liberal decision to sign the treaty "one of the biggest blunders" made by that government. Meanwhile, every scientific study shows that the world is on a dangerous path toward catastrophic climate change. Scientists say Canada's mean temperature is increasing at a rate that will exceed by 2020 the 2 degrees Celsius rise that they believe is the tipping point.
We asked Dion, who presided over the 2005 climate-change negotiations in Montreal and who was the architect of the Liberals' Project Green and Green Shift programs, how his green plans would have changed the face of the nation had his government remained in power, and what it would take to get climate change back on the political agenda in Canada.
Question: If the Liberals had won the 2006 and 2008 elections and implemented your green policies, what kind of a Canada would we have today?
Stephane Dion: Canada today would have a price on carbon that would be at $30 a tonne, that would rise to $40 a tonne next February for 75 per cent of our emissions, and even higher in British Columbia since they have a carbon tax. We would be perceived as a country that is doing its share. This was not a stand-alone policy. We had a long list of programs that would have been strengthened by a price on carbon and the recovery plan would have been focused on that instead of being focused on nothing as it is with the Conservatives.
Q: You are talking here about your 2005 Project Green and your 2008 Green Shift proposal. But they were criticized as not being ambitious enough to meet our Kyoto commitments and being too much of a burden on our economy, particularly with the United States out of Kyoto.
A: Project Green was assessed by independent bodies saying it was not enough but it was going in the right direction. I agreed with that. We would have had to strengthen it in the coming years. That's normal. This plan was destroyed by the Conservatives and replaced by nothing else, but we still have some copies of the plan. They did not burn all of them. We would have started a cap and trade system. Not as strong as I was dreaming of, but under the circumstances of that time I think it was a good start. I would have had stronger programs for boosting science and technology in all directions. The minister of finance at the time was very committed and invested billions of dollars to make sure that this would happen. . . . Some countries were decreasing emissions and their economies were growing. It's possible to link the growth of the economy and the decrease in emissions. The 2008 plan was better than the 2005 plan.
Q: That plan represented essentially an enormous shift in our fiscal base. Explain that.
A: In 2008, the plan was to make sure that everything we did was green. At the core of all of this was a green fiscal shift that would have created a carbon tax that would be today at $40 a tonne of CO2. And the trade-off was very meaningful tax cuts for Canadians at around 10 per cent and even more for medium- and low-income Canadians. But tax cuts also for industry and green tax credits if they were doing the right thing.
Q: So Canada would have seen a shift away from taxing profits and income to taxing pollution?
A: The key point is the following: If you are a CEO of a company and you want to pay less taxes - and all of them want to pay less taxes - if you are taxed on your investments and your profits, you bring around the table your lawyers and accountants and ask them, "How can I pay less taxes?" And they will figure out in a lawful way how to pay less taxes on your profits and your investments. So it is good for the company, but it's not good for the province where you are and it's not good for Canada. It's doing nothing good. But if the government is taxing you less on your profits and investments and starts to tax your pollution, lawyers and tax accountants aren't much help to you. So you gather around your engineers and you will ask them, "How can I pay less tax?" And then they will say, "Now that you are asking the question, we have a lot of ideas about how to decrease your carbon footprint; we have a lot of contact with the research centres in the province where you are." So it will diversify the economies of (some provinces).
Q: Do you think that these plans would have enabled Canada to meet its commitments under Kyoto?
A: I am quite confident of that. We would have been helped by the world recession when emissions were not growing at the same pace. But I am confident that today Canada would be, if not at its target, at least close to it. When industry has to figure out how to pay less taxes, it's a very powerful and effective incentive to do something.
Q: What do you think is the single most significant reason for the failure of climate-change negotiations?
A: It's a fact that it is difficult to form public policy around climate change. You have the free-rider effect. That is, the gain you get from taking action is not something that you can see. You close the six or so coal-fired power plants they have in Ontario, it would take a month and a half for China to nullify this effect because they are building so many coal-fired power plants. The oilsands of Alberta, it's only 0.1 per cent of the emissions of the world. So if Albertans were fixing their problems with GHG emissions, it would not stop the glaciers of the Rocky Mountains from disappearing and putting at risk the water supply in Alberta. . . . The oilpatch lobby is by far the biggest lobby in North America and they are focusing on climate much more than any other issues. Mr. Harper himself is closely linked to them. There is no doubt in my mind that many members of the caucus in the Conservative Party do not believe that climate change is man-made. So for these reasons, it's very difficult to mobilize collective action internationally to fight climate change.
Q: What would you do to break the logjam?
A: What I think we need is a world price on carbon emissions instead of a hard cap (on emissions). I think it would be less difficult for China or India to accept a world price on GHG emissions instead of a hard cap. . . . It would not cap their emissions but it certainly would create a strong incentive to boost the non-polluting sources of energy. It's time to shift the debate from asking each country to accept an emission-reduction target toward another model where we ask all the countries to accept the same greenhouse-gas-emissions price.
Q: Would you shift the emphasis completely from emission-reduction targets to a price on carbon?
A: No, because the aim remains the same: to decrease our emissions as much as possible. This is the goal. What should be done is to bring the scientists and economists together to tell the politicians what should be the price to keep the warming below the 2 degrees Celsius threshold. According to the United Nations, the price is something like $45 a tonne. And once they have accepted that, it is up to the politicians to put it into the World Trade Organization rules. So a country that will not respect this threshold through a cap and trade system, this country would be exposed to retaliations at the borders of the other countries. I'm not telling you that it will be easier. But maybe it's simpler to have these types of negotiations at the G20 than to wait until 2015 to see if, by a miracle, some countries will change their stand (at the UN negotiations).
Q: So far the carbon markets have not been effective in reducing greenhouse gases. Why do you think it would be any different if the world agreed to a global price?
A: You are right. For example the biggest carbon market we have today is the European scheme and the price is so low that it does not make a difference. We are paying a lot of money to companies that are barely doing anything (to reduce their emissions). Many experts are coming up with completely new schemes where you have a bottom line that is the (carbon) tax and if you want to do more than that it is the market that is involved. So a kind of mixed system. I don't think it would be wise at the outset to say that the only way that you can get your price threshold is the fiscal system. I think we should keep it open (to carbon markets).
Q: Does Canada's reluctance to reduce its greenhouse-gas emissions have any significant effect on these negotiations?
A: Yes. In 2005, Canada was considered a leader. We were chairing the climate-change conference. We made it a success. We had a credible plan to reduce our greenhouse-gas emissions. It was Project Green. Project Green wasn't perfect, but it certainly would have slowed down the growth of our emissions and started the reductions. In order to meet our commitments under Kyoto, we would have had to improve it and I think Parliament would have done that year after year, and today we would be in a good position. Instead of that, the Conservative government burned Project Green and replaced it with nothing. The plan we have now is a farce. It is mostly subsidies for ethanol with dubious consequences for the planet. It is subsidies for capture and storage of emissions coming from coal and the oilsands. There are a bit of subsidies for renewable energy and technologies but it is very weak if you compare it with other countries including the United States. It has regulations on transportation and coal emissions that are so weak they are barely more than the status quo. So Canada has no credibility internationally and is perceived as a country that wants to do as little as possible, and doesn't want to be pushed by a strong international agreement.
Q: And how does this affect countries such as China, India and Brazil which refuse to cut back because they say it's their turn to build their economies?
A: I don't know. I just know that the odds of a compromise would be much higher if Europe had not been alone. We may have also been able to have a positive effect on Australia, on Japan, and put the pressure on the Chinese to do more. What I can say is that now these countries are unlikely to set hard targets in the coming future. The International Energy Agency is saying that each dollar that we do not invest in this decade will cost more than $4 to have the same effect after 2020. So I think we are very late in the game.
Q: Many people ask, "What can I do?" What's your answer?
A: I am not aware of one change that has happened because of individual initiative. Some people will do something but most people will not. So this is why we need the government to be involved in climate change.
Q: How do you think Canada's policies toward climate change affect our ability to forge a clean-energy economy?
A: The Conference Board of Canada recently warned Canada that we may miss an opportunity to be a winner in an area where the investments around the world are simply booming. Now, in Australia they are close to having solar panels that will be cheaper than coal. The investments in solar and wind are now (globally) bigger than for coal and nuclear. There are some Canadian companies that are players. But as a country we are not doing enough. Imagine if we had a price on carbon, what kind of incentive it would be for our companies to be champions of this growing part of the world economy. The money we could raise would be significant, and through that you would have a 10-per-cent tax cut on income. Imagine! And it's what economists are telling us to do. Cut the taxes on productive activities and instead tax what you dislike, like pollution. It's the kind of reform we need to do in the 21st century but the forces of the status quo are so strong that I don't know when it will happen.
Q: Do you think you lost the 2008 election partially because of your climate-change policies? Does this reflect Canada's rejection of any important action on climate change?
A: The answer is yes. It was part of the problem. Mr. Harper and his Conservatives spent millions in attack adds against the Green Shift ("the tax on everything") and its author ("not a leader"). Never has so much money been spent against a policy in Canadian history. The NDP also attacked the Liberal plan in claiming that only big industries should pay a carbon price and that taxpayers should be left exempted. I did not respond well to these criticisms and I did not succeed in convincing Canadians otherwise. I also did not inspire my own troops enough.
Q: How do you get climate change back on the political agenda?
A: Many initiatives should be taken by business people, scientists, activists, ordinary citizens . . . and journalists! But regarding the current state of federal politics, in a nutshell, the opposition should co-operate to at least keep the government accountable toward its own objective: 17-per-cent reduction for 2020. Environment Canada itself said some months ago that only 25 per cent of the target would be reached with the current policies and regulations.


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Robin Nash Fellowship
The Barton Child Law and Policy Center at Emory University School of Law offers a two-year postgraduate fellowship to provide a recent law school graduate the opportunity to learn to be an effective researcher and policy advocate while working on issues of child neglect and abuse and juvenile justice. The fellowship honors late DeKalb County Juvenile Court Judge and former Barton Center Director, Robin Nash, and focuses on building the next generation of influential attorneys, judges, and community leaders specializing in juvenile law. The next Robin Nash Fellowship will begin August 2016 and continue through August 2018.
The Robin Nash Fellow will work under the supervision of Barton Center faculty on a variety of projects taht will include, at a minimum, the following:
- Supervising students in the Center's Policy and Legislative Advocacy Clinics;
- Researching and writing articles, policy papers, or other approved writing projects of publishable quality on a topic relating to children in the juvenile court system;
- Collaborating with Center faculty on research and policy projects, trainings, and technical assistance requests;
- Participating in on-going advocacy efforts involving the Georgia General Assembly, state agencies, and organizational partners;
- Assisting with teaching in the Center's seminar classes.
Qualifications: Law school graduate, one to three years of post-graduation from an accredited law school; Demonstrated research, writing and editing skills with experience producing material fo rlegal and legislative analysis and public distribution; knowledge of child welfare and family legal issues and proven commitment to public service in the area of child advocacy. Must have sufficient experience and professional knowledge to exercise independent judgment on a wide variety of legal, legislative and social science issues; effectively manage multiple projects, communicate orally and in writing, and complete assignments with minimal supervision. Successful candidate must also be computer literate and able to conduct oneself professionally with coworkers and outside contacts.
To apply: Email a resume, cover letter, statement of interest and commitment to long term child advocacy, transcript, three (3) references, and a writing sample to the address provided below.
Deadline: APPLICATIONS ARE NO LONGER BEING ACCEPTED.
Salary: Salary is competitive with other public interest fellowship opportunities. Emory University offers a competitive benefits package.
For additional information or to apply, contact:
Michele Papotto, Program Coordinator
Barton Child Law and Policy Center
Emory University School of Law
1301 Clifton Road
Atlanta, Georgia 30322
Phone: 404-712-8367
Email: mpapott(at)emory.edu
Web: www.bartoncenter.net
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Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences (LUMHS) announced its admission dates. Last date to apply LUMHS JAMSHORO entrance test is 10th October 2016. LUMHS JAMSHORO Entrance Test will be held on 30th October 2016. NTS will conduct test for LUMHS. All students are eligible to apply for LUMHS entry test if they passed their FSC with 60% marks. Those students awaiting result can also apply. Only Students from following District can apply for Entry Test of LUMHS Hyderabad,Tando Mohammad Khan,Tando Allahyar, Matiari, Shaheed Benazirabad (Nawabshah), Sanghar, Mirpurkhas, Umerkot, Tharparkar, Thatta, Sujawal, Badin, Jamshoro. Pakprep.com provides the complete coursework for preparation of LUMHS Entry Test. Click here today for FREE to start your Preparation.
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"I'm no a hero, Gel." He looked away from her. "I'm more of a...a coward."
"A coward! Arguis I'd never call you that."
"It's true, Gel."
She sighed. "I'd still like it if you told me the story."
He sighed. "I suppose we shouldn't have any secrets."
"Nay, we shouldn't."
"It's not a pleasant story and one I like to forget but if you insist on knowing—" He leaned back in his chair. "When I was a wee lad my ears were afflicted. They would bleed, and puff up like a blow fish. The pain was so intense, I was rendered completely deaf."
"I don't remember that. Well I do remember you were very quiet."
"You didn't pay any mind to anyone back then except for Bridie ... I think. You two were always together. Anyway, a wise woman healed my ears and suddenly I could hear. I could hear everything and not only the usual stuff but all sorts of things."
"What ... sort of things?"
"Things that normal people cannot hear. Did you know that a bee sipping a flower sounds like grass being ripped from its roots and the heart of a dying man sounds like the wind of a cave? Once I heard the prayers of a holy man on a ship that was sinking in a storm!"
Geileis listened with rapt attention. "That's amazing," she said.
"I thought so too, at first. With every breath of sound, I would rush to find someone and explain what I was hearing. They believed me, or I thought they, did but then something happened. A man had fallen from a cliff. I said I knew where he was and that his wife should follow me. When I led her to the wrong place entirely...well...he died. After that I was labeled 'Crazy Ears'. I became an outcast, though still allowed to live among our tribe. I was shunned or simply ignored."
Geileis heart clenched. "That's awful," she said. "You were just a little boy. Why did they shun you?"
"For fear I would tell them something they didn't want to hear. Then one day your father took pity on me. He invited me on a hunt and I was thrilled. It was my job to cook and man the fire while the men hunted for game. One day, while they were gone, I heard something I'd never heard before, a sound so rhythmic I was in awe of the shear melody of it. I heard the drums."
"War-drums, and the sharpening of blades and axes, piercing shouts of blood-lusted warriors, even the caress of dyes on men's skin. I heard it all."
"But surely you warned the hunters."
"I couldn't. I didn't know where they were. They'd been gone since sun-up. At first I thought about looking for them but as the day went on I thought I should be here when they returned. So I could tell them what I heard. Then I started to hear voices, real conversations among men and references to the name of Uisneach, I knew I could not have been imagining it, but by this time, half the men had gone off to hunt including your Da. Soon it was too late and I told no one."
"Oh God!" Her eyes blurred and her throat felt closed. She remembered that day. Her father's white face, the hole in his chest, his body still and lifeless slung upon his horse. She remembered wondering why her little friend Arguis had not returned with them, though the grief over the loss of her father had prevented her from asking questions. "Arguis, you survived. How?"
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