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Our airwaves are filled with debates about immigrants and refugees. Who should be in the United States, who shouldn't, and who should decide?
These modern debates often draw upon our ideas about past waves of immigration. We sometimes assume that earlier generations of newcomers quickly learned English and integrated into American society. But historian Maria Cristina Garcia says these ideas are often false.
"Most immigrants who came to the United States did not immigrate to become American," she says. "In many cases immigrants came to replicate the best of the old country in more favorable circumstances."
Garcia says in the 19th century, it often took a long time for new immigrants to learn English.
"Our founding documents were all published in German to accommodate the German-speaking populations. For most of the 19th century, instruction in public schools across the country – from Pennsylvania to Texas to Wisconsin – occurred entirely in languages other than English, or bilingually. And this practice was not abolished until the first decades of the 20th century."
Nor did immigrants of that era classify themselves as legal or illegal.
"They just didn't think in those terms," she says. "During much of our history people moved across our borders with ease. If your ship docked outside of New York City, chances were you weren't even interviewed. So when someone says to me, 'My ancestors immigrated legally, why can't [immigrants today]?', my first question is, 'When did your ancestors immigrate?' Because if they immigrated in the 19th century or in the early 20th century, they simply didn't use that vocabulary. They didn't think in those terms."
This week, Shankar revisits this 2016 conversation with Maria Cristina Garcia, which explored the underlying frames and assumptions at play in our discussions about immigrants and their place in American society.
Hidden Brain is hosted by Shankar Vedantam and produced by Maggie Penman, Jennifer Schmidt, Rhaina Cohen, Parth Shah, and Renee Klahr. Our supervising producer is Tara Boyle. You can also follow us on Twitter @hiddenbrain, and listen for Hidden Brain stories each week on your local public radio station.
This is HIDDEN BRAIN. I'm Shankar Vedantam. We were almost done working on this week's show when news broke Thursday evening, news that required an on-air warning before our colleagues could even discuss it.
RACHEL MARTIN, BYLINE: An Oval Office conversation turns vulgar.
DAVID GREENE, BYLINE: And I want to acknowledge what I'm about to say could offend some people. He asked why the United States would admit people from African nations, which he called shithole countries. Trump then told lawmakers he would rather see more immigrants from Norway. The vulgar comment...
PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP: No, I'm not a racist. I am the least racist person you have ever interviewed.
VEDANTAM: In light of President Trump's comments as well as ongoing debate over the program known as Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA, we thought we'd switch gears and bring you this conversation from October 2016. As a journalist, I think this conversation is timely. As an immigrant myself, I think it's essential.
VEDANTAM: Our airwaves are filled with debates about migrants, refugees and undocumented immigrants - who should be in the United States? Who shouldn't? And, who should decide? It's an issue that seems to get to the core of who we are, who we want to be and where we're headed as a nation. Today we're going to take a fresh look at the issue by exploring what history can teach us about the patterns and paradoxes of immigration in a nation of immigrants.
VEDANTAM: My guest today is Maria Cristina Garcia. She's a historian and professor of American Studies at Cornell University. Maria Cristina, welcome to HIDDEN BRAIN.
MARIA CRISTINA GARCIA: Thank you.
VEDANTAM: So we call ourselves a nation of immigrants. And, you know, that's more than a saying. It's more than even a fact. It's a foundational story of the United States. And I want to start with this idea. Many of us take genuine pride in being a country whose most famous symbol is the Statue of Liberty.
GARCIA: That's correct. Immigrants and refugees are central to the American national mythology, to the stories that we tell about ourselves as a people. We honor this history with museums and historical markers. We commercialize it with celebrations like St. Patrick's Day and now Cinco de Mayo. But despite the centrality of immigrants and immigration to the American story, many of us have been wary of immigrants. And we see this all throughout history. We have a tension there. We have a contradiction. It's always been there.
One has only to read Benjamin Franklin, for example, to get a sense of these contradictions. In the 1750s, for example, Franklin called the German residents of Pennsylvania stupid. He complained about their inability to learn English and he warned his readers that they would soon overrun, that Germans would soon overrun the American continent. And yet it's also important to note that Benjamin Franklin published one of the first German language newspapers in the colonies. So there was that contradiction there, right?
So fast-forward also to the early national period. Immigration was welcome because it was important to nation building. We needed immigrants. The new nation needed immigrants to work in the mills and the factories, to work in the mines, to harvest the crops, to build the infrastructure of American towns and cities. In many communities you didn't even need to be a citizen in order to vote. And yet, you know, a couple of decades later, by the 1840s and 1850s, we see the emergence of the Know-Nothing Party, immensely hostile to German and Irish Catholic immigrants, demanding federal restrictions on immigration and trying to prevent immigrants from voting and holding public office.
There are so many other examples I could give you. You mentioned the Statue of Liberty during the 1870s and 1880s. As the Statue of Liberty is going up in New York Harbor to celebrate the end of slavery, Americans are demanding at this time that the Chinese be barred from immigrating to the United States, and Congress complies in 1882 with the Chinese Exclusion Act. So we see these tensions and these contradictions all throughout American history.
VEDANTAM: I understand that you yourself came to the United States as a refugee, and your own family, your own history of first arriving in the United States and being seen by others and then your own family's history in terms of how you see other people coming in or how your family sees other people coming in reflects this broader pattern, this tension or this paradox in how we think about immigration.
GARCIA: Yes. You're right. My family immigrated in the 1960s. I was just a toddler. We immigrated from Cuba. We were privileged compared to other immigrants. We were privileged because we were refugees arriving during the Cold War from a communist country, and so the proverbial red carpet was rolled out for us. But just two decades later, we see another migration from Cuba during the 1980 Mariel Boatlift. And by the 1980s, those Cubans who had arrived earlier and were more established and had managed to move up the economic ladder and were feeling much more secure in their position began to feel very nervous about the new arrivals who were coming in from Cuba in 1980. They wondered if these new Cubans who had grown up in a communist regime could truly understand democratic institutions, rather, they could understand capitalism. And so these older Cubans, more established Cubans, wondered if the new arrivals would undermine everything that they had accomplished in South Florida and in other communities where they had settled. We see this with every immigrant group when you look at American history. Again, history can teach us a lot.
You know, for example, in the 19th century, some of the most vitriolic voices of the anti-Chinese movement were Irish immigrants and their children, who themselves had been much maligned, and now in turn they were directing a lot of that hostility towards newer arrivals, this time from China. German Jews who had arrived in the early 19th century were also highly suspicious and worried about the Eastern European Jews who migrated at the end of the 19th century because they too feared that their status in society would be undermined by the newer arrivals. So I guess it's a very human response for those who are more established to worry about what the newer arrivals might do to undermine their hard work.
VEDANTAM: So this is such a fascinating idea that people come to the United States and within a couple of decades their point of view shifts from the point of view of people who say, we really want to make it in the United States, to being really worried about whether the people coming after them are going to be able to make it in the United States. And we sort of see this pattern writ large in all matter of ways.
You know, in the current debates that we have about immigration, I've heard people say, you know - people whose families have been here for many generations - they say that, you know, when their ancestors came to America, they wanted to become Americans, to leave old ways behind. And some of these people worry that more recent immigrants are less interested in assimilation. But from what I'm hearing you say, that might not actually be grounded in historical reality in terms of how immigration patterns have unfolded over the years.
GARCIA: You're so right. Many Americans today believe that the new immigrants are too culturally different, that they're coming here to take American jobs or mooch off of welfare, that they have the wrong politics, that they don't want to learn English, that they don't want to assimilate, that they're national security threats. But these attitudes, they're not new. Americans have been saying this about every immigrant group throughout American history. According to American immigration mythology, those who came, say, in the 19th century or in the early 20th century were the ideal immigrants. They learned English quickly. They wanted to be Americans. But the study of history doesn't bear that up. When you study history, it challenges those assumptions that we have about the older immigrants versus the new immigrants.
So for example, let me give you a couple of examples. From the study of history, we now know that not everyone who came to the United States stayed. The two groups that had the lowest return rates were the 19th century Irish and Eastern European or Russian Jews. Every other immigrant group had return rates ranging between 20 and 80 percent. We also know from the study of history that most of most immigrants who came to the United States did not immigrate to become American. In many cases, in most cases, immigrants came to replicate the best of the old country in more favorable circumstances in the new. As I said earlier, in many communities you didn't even need to be a citizen in order to vote.
We also know from the study of history that in the 19th century immigrants didn't learn English quickly. From the very beginning, this was a multilingual society. And it oftentimes took several generations for English to become the dominant language on Main Street. Our founding documents were all published in German to accommodate the German-speaking populations. For most of the 19th century, instruction in public schools across the country, from Pennsylvania to Texas to Wisconsin, occurred entirely in languages other than English, or bilingually. And this practice was not abolished until the first decades of the 20th century. So our preoccupation today in the early 21st century with requiring linguistic and cultural conformity, that's really a recent phenomena.
From the study of history, we also know that immigrants didn't think of themselves as legal or illegal. They just didn't think in those terms. During much of our history, people moved across our borders with ease. If your ship docked outside of New York City, chances were you weren't even interviewed. Congress passed the first immigration laws to control the movement of people beginning in the 1870s, but the mechanisms to enforce those laws were pretty few until the 20th century. Indeed, the first Border Patrol consisted of only a couple dozen men on horseback.
So when someone says to me, my ancestors immigrated legally, why can't they, my first question is, when did your ancestors immigrate? Because if they immigrated in the 19th century or in the early 20th century, they simply didn't use that vocabulary. They didn't think in those terms.
VEDANTAM: So clearly much of the language around immigration has changed over time, but there are also ideas that have remained relatively constant. When we come back, I'll ask Maria Cristina about the long and tangled relationship between immigration and national security. Stay with us.
VEDANTAM: This is HIDDEN BRAIN. I'm Shankar Vedantam. Our debates over immigration are often framed in the context of national security, fears of terrorism. To many of us this feels relatively new, part of the 9/11 world we've lived in over the past 15 years. But Maria Cristina Garcia says that if we look at history, we start to see that our modern concerns are a new version of a story that's been told over and over again.
GARCIA: Americans have been concerned about national security since the 19th century. One has only to look at the political cartoons of Thomas Nast, for example, to see how concerned Americans were about Irish Catholics, for example. Thomas Nast produced these political cartoons warning Americans about all these Catholics who were coming to the United States who were under the influence of the Vatican, who didn't understand democratic principles and would undermine democratic institutions. And so that's an early example of Americans concerned about national security.
In the late 19th century, you see Americans expressing great concern about all the Southern and Eastern Europeans who are coming in, who are anarchists and Bolsheviks and socialists who don't understand - again, don't understand American democracy, will undermine American principles, American democratic institutions. And and this concern is strong enough that it forces Congress to pass a series of quota laws barring immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe. We see concerns about the Chinese and other Asian groups. So we see that concern about national security throughout American history. Americans may not have used the exact term national security in the 19th century, but you see those concerns all throughout the history.
VEDANTAM: I want to spend a little bit of time talking about the World War II period and the experience of Japanese-Americans in the United States because it seems like that's certainly a moment where concerns about security and concerns about loyalty to the United States intersected with how we were thinking about an immigrant group.
GARCIA: It's true. During periods of national emergency, immigrants become likely scapegoats. We saw this during World War II with the internment of Japanese immigrants but also their American-born children, who, even though there was no evidence that Japanese or their children were conspiring against the U.S. government or against American society, the government decided to err on the side of caution and rounded up this population and put them in internment camps. It was one of the most shameful periods in American history. Those who were interned and their children felt the consequences of that executive decision for many, many decades afterwards.
And so that's just one example. But also during World War II, there were many opportunities that we lost to accommodate people fleeing Europe. And we lost that opportunity because we feared - again, we were concerned with national security. We feared that among the refugees, among the immigrants would be spies and saboteurs that would undermine the United States. But those fears prevented us from accommodating many, many people who were fleeing the Third Reich and needed protection, and we lost that opportunity to help them.
VEDANTAM: When you look at the experience of Jewish immigrants and refugees around the time of World War II, around the 1930s, 1940s, paint me a picture of what happened. The popular narrative is that, you know, there were many European Jews who did make it to the United States, many of whom were involved in the scientific research that helped the United States eventually win World War II. But was that sort of a general experience? Did the United States - was the United States generally welcoming to Jewish refugees from Europe in the middle of the 20th century?
GARCIA: No, we weren't, actually. Many historians feel that our policies were highly anti-Semitic during this period. We lost many opportunities to allow Jewish refugees to come to the United States. The most classic example is the SS St. Louis, a ship carrying over 900 passengers who were fleeing Europe. And when they arrived off the American coast, the people on the ship were prevented from coming to the United States. The ship was turned away. And eventually, you know, the ship travelled to many different countries. They were also denied the opportunity to land. And eventually the ship was forced to return to Europe. And many of the people who were traveling on the SS St. Louis eventually were caught and sent to camps - to the death camps.
VEDANTAM: So when we look at the broad sweep of history here, we sort of see this pattern repeatedly occurring where groups arrive, and within a few decades or a couple of generations of being here, they have concerns about newcomers entering their neighborhoods. And, you know, in some ways we seem to have a positive view of immigration and immigrants when they were long ago and far away, but less so when they're here now, you know, the family that arrived last year that lives next door. And I'm wondering if you have insight into why this happens? Why is it that groups that themselves may have faced challenges as immigrants, how is it that within a couple of decades or maybe a couple of generations they are turning around and having the same concerns that were expressed about them not so long ago?
GARCIA: Well, that's that seems to be the pattern. I guess you could say that part of Americanization is to adopt the values and the perspectives of the society that surrounds you. And it also becomes a defense mechanism. It becomes a way of proving your membership in the society to adopt those values, and to reflect those values out, to demonstrate that you are a member of the in-group and not the out-group.
VEDANTAM: You recently wrote an essay about the current debates over immigration in which you said generations from now, students in U.S. history classes - many of them the children of immigrants arriving today - will read what our political candidates, editorialists, bloggers and talking heads had to say about their ancestors and shudder. What did you mean by that?
GARCIA: When I teach courses in immigration history and we read the editorials and the newspaper articles and the broadsides that were published in the 19th and in the early 20th century, my students often shake their heads and wonder how Americans could have ever had those feelings or those thoughts or perspectives. They laugh nervously. But then when we compare those editorials and newspaper articles and broadsides to some of the editorials and blogs and newspaper articles today, they see the continuities.
And so I suspect that 20 years from now, 30 years from now, I suspect that my students reading the thoughts, the articles of today will also find them ridiculous, will also shudder, will also wonder why Americans felt the way they did. But I hope not. There's this part of me that hopes that we will do better, that we will be better.
VEDANTAM: That was historian Maria Cristina Garcia. She's a professor of American Studies at Cornell University.
VEDANTAM: HIDDEN BRAIN is produced by Jenny Schmidt, Maggie Penman, Rhaina Cohen, Renee Klahr and Parth Shah. Our supervising producer is Tara Boyle. This week, our unsung hero is Stuart Harding. Stuart's one of NPR's lawyers. He does many things for us, from working late on a Friday to draft the rules for a T-shirt giveaway, to writing the contracts for actors who will appear in an upcoming episode of the show. Thank you, Stuart, for all that you do for us and all that you do for everyone at NPR. I'm Shankar Vedantam, and this is NPR.
(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC) Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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CoreConfigurator updates
I've blogged about this cool utility before, and now it got updated with more goodies. The latest version of CoreConfigurator support the option to enable/disable Automatic Updates and configure Backup performance settings. You can download it here.
There is also a two part screen cast, by Dean Stefanov (from www.netometer.com). Check it out.

subset: commoncrawl


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Sun City and its security on its toes
Hearts ... to the Sun City Hilton Head community and its alert residents and security staff. On Wednesday, two suspects in an early morning stolen vehicle case were apprehended about 1 p.m. The deputies responded to a report that two men who had jumped into the bed of a different pickup traveling in Sun City. Sun City security found and detained the suspects until deputies arrived. The case began unfolding at about 7 a.m. when deputies went to the Hargray substation on Gibbet Road in Bluffton for a report of a stolen vehicle.
An added bonus from the Sun City Community Association staff was a video of the Sun City security while they detained the suspects. View it online at blufftontoday.com.
Barrels of laughs?
Darts ... to the orange barrels that are popping up along U.S. 278 just in time for Christmas shopping traffic. OK, so we know the barrels also are a sign of progress so we won't toss too many darts, but let's hope this year motorists can avoid hitting them and making already congested lanes worse.
In case you missed it on the front page, a two-year project to widen U.S. 278 from four to six lanes from Simmonsville Road to S.C. 170 is cranking up.
Flashing signs on construction zone approaches urge caution and warn motorists: "U.S. 278 construction to begin 11-29-11."
Invest in your community
Hearts ... to Small Business Saturday. It's coming up Nov. 26.
The day is a good day to support small business owners, help fuel the economy, and invigorate communities across the country. Let's go big for small businesses.
South Carolina politics
Darts ... to the two state agencies for bickering about the water quality permit for the Savannah Harbor Deepening Project. The S.C. Savannah River Commission voted to mount a legal challenge against the Nov. 10 decision by the S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control to grant the project a water quality permit. They have enlisted S.C. Attorney General Alan Wilson to represent them. Seems like a waste of time to start bringing in lawyers in a situation that could probably be resolved without making new headlines every day. In the meantime, Gov. Nikki Haley gave a speech in Charleston, in which she said South Carolina should stop trying to obstruct Georgia's deepening plans. Anybody keeping score?
United Way campaign
Hearts ... to the United Way of the Lowcountry. As of last week, $1.583 million has been contributed to fund 56.5 percent of the programs, partnerships and services required by Beaufort and Jasper residents. The campaign contributions fund partnerships and collaborations with 32 agencies and 42 programs in that focus on one or more priorities to achieve better health, education, shelter, nutrition and income for our residents. To contribute, to volunteer or for more information, call 843-982-3040 in Beaufort, 843-837-2000 in Bluffton/Hilton Head and 843-645-6500 in Jasper County.


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Incorporated in 1887, the city's history actually dates back to 1881. That is when Daniel Carmichael, a Denver real estate agent, began buying land here and named the town Brighton in honor of his wife's birthplace, Brighton Beach, New York. At the time, Brighton was little more than a railroad depot, a wind mill, a water tower and a station master's house. On July 26, 1887, the town of Brighton was officially incorporated with a population of 175. Emory Strong served as Brighton's first mayor.
Since that time, Brighton has grown from an agricultural hub of truck gardens and dairy farms to an urbanized and industrially developed community of more than 37,000.
Click on the link below to learn more about Brighton's rich history.


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I've now been home for about a month, and I have to say I'm still feeling the effects of culture shock. And coming home right before the holiday season doesn't exactly help since American consumerism is at a seasonal high; advertisements for the latest and greatest gift idea constantly being thrust at me from every direction. Even though it's now Christmas day and I had a relaxing day yesterday playing cards with my family and drinking eggnog, I'm still not in the Christmas mood since every Christmas reference I see & hear reminds me of buying something — which is not what the holidays should be about. Going shopping for gifts that people don't need is something I have absolutely no desire in given I was just in Ghana and Kenya where, by and large, people are happier than they are in the US while owning vitually zero material possessions. In Ghana, people don't even know who Santa Claus is (and yes, most of them are Christian); makes you wonder whether Santa Claus is just another icon marketers have exploited in the name of getting you to spend more money during the holiday season.
Think about it. You don't need a new TV. You don't need another car. You don't need a new frying pan. You don't even need another fancy dress shirt. You don't need your 176th DVD. Chances are pretty damn good, you have everything you need (plus some) and just don't realize it. The video embedded below and this post I wrote several years ago should help you realize how truly fortunate you are.
Ordinary Hero~ A day in the trash dump in Ethiopia from Kelly Putty on Vimeo.
I'm sure this is not the rosy, happy post you wanted to read on Christmas day and I'm rambling a bit — and for that, I apologize. Merry Christmas and be happy for all that you have!
Here are some additional thoughts on culture shock from Caz.


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Manic MCQ ERGO and Manic Multi - two new versions of our extreme kayak paddle
We have tried to fulfil extreme kayakers demands and finally there are two new versions of our extreme kayak paddle Manic. Enjoy the new season with Manic!
Manic Multi is a cheaper and more affordable paddle version for every WW III+ lovers. We were considering the low price preassure during the production so there is only glass fabric in this blade. Glass is durable and flexible enough to provide blade quality needed. The blade is heavier in comparison with our TOP extreme blade Manic Elite. There is the same material used in the blade edge as on the Manic Elite. This material helps to protect your paddle from wearing out even during rough handling. Please click on the blade picture or follow this link to see the blade detail.
Manic MCQ ERGO is the second version (the fully carbon one) we have prepared for you. This paddle was developed especially due to the American's market preassure. Many extereme paddlers are using the double torque shaft to protect their wrist. We do believe that our ERGO shaft will be as famous among extreme paddlers as it is among the slalom paddlers. For more pictures or order click HERE.
Ther are no blade changes on both versions above.


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Open daily from 7am to midnight
Our kitchen is serving hot food daily from 11 am until 9 pm.
The Restaurant remains closed on Monday.
Gasthof Post KG
Family Rainer
via the Inntal autobahn A12 (toll sticker required)
-> exit Wiesing/Zillertal
-> main highway B169 - use the right-hand lane to take the B171 ramp towards Schwaz / Jenbach
-> turn left onto Tiroler Str./BI7
-> continue on B171
-> at the roundabout, take the first exit (settlement)
-> straight on to Gasthof Hotel Post (left side)
(to avoid having to pay an autobahn toll, travel in via Tegernsee/Achenpass)
-> INN Innsbruck Airport (about 1 hour driving time)
-> MUC Munich Airport (about 2 hours)
-> SZG Salzburg Airport (about 2 hours)
Munich railway station - Jenbach- then with the Zillertal railway, bus or taxi to Strass im Zillertal (2 stations)


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If your first day at school is a Friday then you will need to bring your Games (Rugby) kit with you.
You must report to the School Hall by 9 o'clock You will be directed to your form groups. Your Form Tutor will then take you to your form rooms. Remember to take with you a sturdy school bag, complete with the equipment you will need every day. You should have :- pens, pencils, eraser, coloured pencils, Pritt stick and a Maths Set. You should bring this booklet with you and your homework diary. You should bring a distinctive/named key ring to hold your locker key. This will be issued to you as soon as they are available. You will be asked to pay a small deposit within a week of receipt. Decide if you wish to bring sandwiches for school lunch. Your pencil case and possessions must be clearly marked with your name and form. Most of this first day is spent with your Form Tutor. They will provide you with important information such as:- your timetable, locker location and times you will need games or P.E. kit
During the first few days you will take lunch at an earlier time than the rest of the school. During the first few days you will be issued with exercise books and text books. You will be issued with a small booklet called the school calendar. This will include a map of the school as well as a day by day description of key events during the term. The first day can be quite tiring! Don't worry! Someone is always at hand to help you through these first confusing days.


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Tom Cruise-Katie Holmes divorce: Scientology officials not involved
The marathon private negotiations that led to a divorce agreement between Kate Holmes and Tom Cruise was handled strictly through attorneys with no direct input from the Church of Scientology, a source with knowledge of the case said.
Cruise's prominent role in the church has been an issue in the high-profile separation. But the source, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to talk publicly, said Scientology officials played no active role in the negotiations, which occurred last weekend.
Holmes will have primary custody of her 6-year-old daughter, Suri, with Cruise under the terms of the settlement. But the "Mission: Impossible" star will still have a "meaningful relationship" with his child.
PHOTOS: Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes through the years
The agreement provides Cruise with visitation rights but gives Holmes the lead role in choosing how Suri will be educated, a source said Monday.
In an interview with CNN, Holmes' attorney Jonathan Wolfe, even praised Cruise's attorneys "for their professionalism and diligence that helped bring about this speedy resolution.... We are thrilled for Katie and her family and are excited to watch as she embarks on the next chapter of her life," Wolfe said.
With a prenuptial agreement governing the distribution of assets, talks between lawyers for Cruise, a prominent member of the Church of Scientology, and Holmes, who was raised Roman Catholic, centered on the role of Scientology in the upbringing of Suri, according to a source who was familiar with the negotiations but not authorized to discuss them publicly.
PHOTOS: Famous members of Scientology
Holmes wanted guarantees in the settlement to ensure nothing is done while their daughter is with Cruise that would "alienate" Suri from her, the sources said.
Cruise and Holmes appeared to refer to the religious component of their split in a joint statement: "We want to keep matters affecting our family private and express our respect for each other's commitment to each of our respective beliefs and support each other's roles as parents," they said.
But experts in so-called spiritual custody disputes said that although family law judges try to ensure the interests of children are protected in matters, such as medical care and housing, they give both parents broad leeway in choosing a religious upbringing.
"The general rule is the courts will defer unless the consequences are really detrimental to the health of the child — a threat of immediate and substantial harm," said Jeffrey Shulman, a professor of law at Georgetown University who has written extensively about the issue and believes the standard doesn't protect children sufficiently.
In the case of Cruise and Scientology, a judge could intervene if the religion was used to turn Suri away from Holmes because she was not an adherent, Shulman said.
"The courts could say to Cruise, 'You cannot conduct yourself in a way that alienates the child from Katie Holmes,' " he said. "But mere doctrine may not be enough for the court to do that."
What is Scientology? A Scientologist offers her point of view
Katie Holmes-Tom Cruise divorce: Suri, not money, main issue
Tom Cruise-Katie Holmes: Disposable phone used to start divorce
— Richard Winton
Photo: Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes in 2010. Credit: Toni Rodriguez / Associated Press


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When Williams sent him the beat, J Balvin told NBC News, he had a feeling it would be successful, and said he wanted to do it in Spanish.
"I'm so happy and grateful," said an amazed Balvin, "that people fell in love with it even without understanding the lyrics."
Balvin has skyrocketed as one of the top Latin music superstars, with seven #1 singles including the smash hit "Ginza," that had the longest-ever stay, of 22 weeks, at #1 on Billboard's Hot Latin Songs.
He's had crossover collaborations with leading artists like Justin Beiber, Pharrell Williams, Ariana Grande and Major Lazer. His groundbreaking and Latin GRAMMY-winning album "Energía" was the most consumed Latin Album of 2016 alone.
Now comes "Mi Gente," or "my people," a song that is transcending language barriers all around the planet, even going to #1 in Egypt. He attributes its success to the "good vibes" he created, saying, "it's not just about the lyrics anymore. Of course, it has to be well written, but the beat and the melody are so catchy."
His brand of music is heavily influenced by rock, hip-hop and what can be called a more unifying, or second generation of reggaeton.
Balvin strives to erase barriers between people through his music. Indeed, it, he is taking the world by storm; millions every week. At the time of this writing, "Mi Gente" has had 258,136,266 views and climbing on YouTube, far outpacing Despacito's momentum of four months and its Spanglish version to become the sensation that it is.
For J Balvin and other Latino musicians, streaming has been a big factor in their songs' success.
"It's amazing that everyone's streaming it," said Balvin. "When it comes to streaming, it what's people really want and what they're looking for. It's great that we have this power now. It creates a newfound base [for musicians]."
All that indicates many good things to come for J Balvin as well as other Latino musicians and the incredible sounds they're producing.
Be on the lookout for J. Balvin's "Energia" tour throughout the US during Hispanic Heritage Month, starting in Washington, DC on September 14th.
Source: NBC


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A new sermon series called "Marks of Discipleship" will be offered on Sundays, Feb. 25 through April 1, at First United Methodist Church, 2917 Aspen Drive.
The congregation will read the New Testament's book of Mark during the 40 days of Lent before Easter and learn what it means to experience hope, healing and forgiveness from passages about the disciple.
For more information, call 247-4213.


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For a few years, my ankles have been persistently popping upon any sort of bending motion. I can literally stand up, bend a little at my ankles and they will pop, wait a few seconds for them to "recharge" and do it again. When I walk down a set of stairs, everyone knows I am coming by the loud snaps that occur with each step.
It's not painful, but quite annoying.. and sometimes the snapping is so strong and sharp that it's almost .. ticklish? I cannot really characterize the feeling.
I've been to a podiatrist twice this year, where asking about the popping had not been the main thing. I've got haglund's deformity, or "pump bump" in my heels, the beginnings of bunions, almost flat feet (my left arch is fallen, though, apparently.. and only the podiatrist who actually got eye level with my feet on the ground could notice), and an extra "accessory" bone in each foot.. Also, both my ankles apparently have an unusually large range of motion, or are wobbly. When asked about the popping, both podiatrists asked if it was painful and when I said not exactly, they say not to worry about it. But it is really, really annoying.
In high school (I'm a sophomore in college now), when I was a bit more active, I did dance. Not too seriously, though. All my dancemates could hear popping while doing the repetitions of jumps in ballet..
Any speculations on a cause for all this popping? And some way to alleviate it? Any?
Recognize the risks associated with Crohn's disease.
Did you know that one in six US adults has high cholesterol?


text:
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|Complete series cast summary:
|Millicent Martin
|Millie Grover 16 episodes, 1970-1971
|Pat Finley
|Maggie Ralston 16 episodes, 1970-1971
|Peter Jones
|Clive Beauchamp 16 episodes, 1970-1971
British Millie and American Maggie were stewardesses for International Airlines. Millie was very sweet, but kind of a twit, and was always getting into trouble, thanks to her penchant for sticking her nose into other peoples' business. Maggie was more level-headed, and was usually pressed into action trying to extricate Millie (and herself) from whatever trouble she had gotten herself into. Mr. Beauchamp was their stuffy English boss, Miss Fosdyke his secretary and Bert was Millie's uncle. Written by Marty McKee <firstname.lastname@example.com>


text:
Please contribute to the record of conditions of the River Dee.
The iDee project aims to directly involve people and communities in the River Dee catchment in environmental recording.
Using this website, or the app, you can submit your records of river conditions in the Dee catchment as geo-referenced photographs of the river together with the option of simple assessments of water level, clarity, flow speed and algae cover.
You can view records submitted by other people to see how conditions in the catchment change over time. Please note that new records are approved before being made available to view.
iDee is now an app for Apple mobile devices. Click here to go to the Apple app store.
Any personal details submitted using these pages will be kept strictly private and are used solely to validate the information submitted. No information submitted as name, email address or affiliated institution will be made accessible on this site.
There is no requirement to register to submit records. However, as we develop the system there will be opportunities to become involved in specific projects for which you will need to register to gain specialist access.
iDee is a Dee Catchment Partnership project, led by the James Hutton Institute and jointly funded by Scottish Natural Heritage and the James Hutton Institute.


text:
Yesterday Steve and I went over to my in-law's house and pressure washed it for them. It wasn't too bad except for the fact that it was freezing cold! It turned out okay though since they made a low country boil for dinner.
While we were there my mother-in-law told us that once we get a china cabinet she is going to give us the china she got when Steve's family lived in Germany. Since we already have somewhere to put it, she gave us the crystal stemware that goes with it last night!
Check it out:
champagne flutes
wine glasses
I love them! Call me crazy but I prefer to own and use things that have a history. I don't mind mismatched pieces as long as each piece has a story. I'm looking forward to being able to use these!


text:
The Service performs radiological services for Dentistry and Maxillofacial Pathology with digital technique only and therefore at low exposure dose. We perform Orthopantomographies, intraoral X-rays, Cone-Beam volume CTs, Cephalometric teleradiographies of the cranium, TC of the temporomandibular joints and Ultrasound scans of the Maxillofacial district.
Services in private arrangements are carried out without appointment. For all types of examination the patient must submit a medical request.
The patients pay the fee at the Central Cash desk, go down to floor -1, detach the numbered card indicating their order of arrival, wait for the call and access the Service. Whenever possible the report will be delivered at the Service the same day, immediately after the test. In special cases and for certain types of tests, the report may be withdrawn after three working days or sent via mail.
Services in convention with the NHS require an appointment, which must be made by calling +39 02.00620932 from Monday to Friday from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. and Saturdays from 8.30 a.m. to 1.30 p.m., or by contacting the offices during the opening hours of the Institute.
Opening time:
Monday - Friday: 8:15 to 19:00
Saturday: 8:15 to 13:30.
Outpatient Department Responsible:


text:
Date: Wednesday, March 9th
Time: 9.30am -1.00 pm
Location: Louis Fitzgerald Hotel, Naas Road, Dublin 22 http://www.louisfitzgeraldhotel.com/index.html
Facilitated by JJ O'Riordan
Click to view: Sustainability of The High Performance Manager Program
Click to view: The High Performance Manager ProgramICBE
We plan to have this High Performance Management Training program ready for roll out to all ICBE member companies in 2016.
The objective of this session is to flush out content of the High Performance Training Program previously discussed
(a middle management leadership development framework that delivers high performance managers)
If you or one of your colleagues is interested in attending, please contact Grainne at email@example.com or 061-423622
After an initial Leadership Development Working Discussion in February 2015, the Irish Centre for Business Excellence invited member companies to a forum in June 2015 to explore their requirements for High Performance Management Training within their respective organizations.
The aim of this forum was to co-create a universal National High Performance Management Development Program that would meet the requirements for all Management Development within their respective organizations. Despite the diversity of organizations represented, the management development program requirements expressed by each organization identified some very common themes
Proposal for a National High Performance Management Development Program
The current proposal is that the National High Performance Management Program will consist of the following four core modules – with each module being of one day in duration.
Module 1: The Characteristics of High Performance Managers
Module 2: Managing Performance through the power of Crucial Conversations
Module 3: Coaching Skills for Managers to increase Delegation and Empowerment.
Module 4: The Secrets to Creating High Performance Teams
Optional Modules may include:
Module 5: Managing Change
Module 6: Emotional Intelligence – EQ: Why it matters as much as IQ
Optionally, professional one-to-one coaching can be provided after each module to support each program participant to integrate and apply the module learnings to the unique challenges within their organizational management role.


text:
Call Us: 1800 891 006
Inca UV filters block excess UV light and protects your lens from dust and scratches
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Camera Filters from Hoya, B+W, Cokin, Lee, Kenko , including Circular Polariser, Neutral Density (ND8, ND400) , UV Camera Lens Filters and more are guaranteed to be the lowest priced in Australia.
We carry the full range of Nikon, Canon, Tamron, Panasonic, Sony, Zeiss, Camera Lenses, Digital SLRs and more. The largest range of Manfrotto, Gitzo, Inca and Slik tripods, Lowepro, Kata, Tamrac and much much more with our low price promise!
Please do not hesitate to contact us. We are 100% Australian owned and located in Sydney. All of our products are sourced locally and come with genuine manufacturer warranties. We do not grey import.
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text:
Cribbage Board Store presents exquisite 3 track (120 Points) Popular Design Continuous Cribbage Board & Box in Folding version. The handmade cribbage board/box is made of Bloodwood and through special inlay process, Maple tracks are inlaid on the board with great precision.
We DON'T USE any screen prints or paints to create numbers or tracks on cribbage board. Both the tracks and numbers on board are carved on natural Maple. The tracks are leveled with box height for your ease of playing and moreover the numbers on tracks are also carved and not painted or screen printed. The board completely lays out flat when open.
One can't find such gorgeous handmade continuous cribbage board from any other source as this has been developed by our designing and research section with immense dedication. This kind of unique cribbage board with 9 metal pegs and folding box to store cards is being offered for the first time and is hardly available elsewhere.
The Folding cribbage box provides storage space for 1 deck of playing cards and also separate section for 9 cribbage pegs. Soft green velvet felt has been applied inside the storage section and free velvet cover is also provided to protect the board.
About Manufacturer
Designed & manufactured by Pleasant Times Industries. World renowned since 1982 in manufacturing of Cribbage boards, Wooden board games, Chess, Backgammon, Dominoes and other games.
Important Information
Neither the playing cards shown in images are part of this cribbage board nor these are being provided as an accessory with the purchase of board.
|Cribbage Board Specifications
|Model #
|Continuous Folding Cribbage Board / Box Inlaid in Bloodwood and white maple 13.75" - 3 Tracks
|Cribbage Board Type
|Continuous 120 Points
|Number of Tracks
|3 Tracks
|Number of Players
|Up to 3 Players
|Board Style
|Loop Design Folding Cribbage Board on the top of the Storage Box
|Theme / Design
|Loop Shaped
|Inlay Type
|Board Wood Combination
|Bloodwood / Maple Wood
|Tracks Wood
|Board Wood (Around the Tracks)
|Cribbage Board/Box Dimensions (Opened in Flat position) (LxWxH)
|13.75" x 4" x 1" (34.9 cm x 10.2 cm x 2.6 cm)
|Cribbage Board/Box Dimensions (Closed in Folding Position) (LxWxH)
|6.9" x 4" x 2" (17.45 cm x 10.2 cm x 5.2 cm)
|Cribbage Board Hole Diameter
|0.1" (2.55 mm)
|Cribbage Board Hole Depth
|0.25" (6.35 mm)
|Storage Box Type
|Folding Hinged
|Storage Capacity
|1 Deck of Poker or Bridge Cards and 9 Metal Pegs can be stored
|Finish (Polishing)
|Satin Finish (3 coats of lacquer)
|Velvet Bag
|Free Velvet Bag provided with the board
|Weight of Cribbage Board / Box (with Pegs)
|15 ounce (425 grams)
|Additional Information
|Other wood combinations also available, please see the related products
|Playing Cards shown in the images are for photography purpose and not included in the sale
|Additional Note
|Sometimes the wood color may vary due to natural wood grains and screen resolution
|Cribbage Pegs Specifications
|Metal Crib Pegs with rounded head
|No. of Pegs Provided
|9 Pegs
|Type of Pegs
|3 Gold Plated - 3 Silver Plated - 3 Copper Plated
|Peg Head Diameter
|0.236" (6 mm)
|Peg Height
|0.96" (24.5 mm) (Includes Tenon)
|Peg Base Diameter
|0.236" (6 mm)
|Peg Tenon Dimensions (Diameter x Height)
|0.08" D x 0.22" H (2 mm x 5.6 mm )
|Weight (Each Peg)
|0.10 oz (2.90 g)
|Tenon Diameter (TD) is the diameter which fits into the hole. Tenon Length (TL) is the length of the tenon.
|Additional Information
|The pegs are stored in special storage section provided in the box.
|What is Included in your Purchase
|Cribbage Board / Box
|Continuous Folding Cribbage Board / Box Inlaid in Bloodwood and White Maple 13.75" - 3 Tracks
|Crib Pegs in Brass
|3 Gold - 3 Silver and 3 Copper Plated
|Velvet Bag
|Free Velvet Bag provided with the board for protection
|General Information
|House of Cribbage
|Pleasant Times Industries
|MPN / Item No
|Total Weight
|15 ounce (425 grams)
Wood: White Maple/Golden Rosewood | Tracks: 3 Tracks
Type: Continuous (120 points) | Pegs: 9 Metal
Sale Price: $69.95
Wood: Golden Rosewood/White Maple | Tracks: 3 Tracks
Type: Continuous (120 points) | Pegs: 9 Metal
Sale Price: $74.95
Wood: White Maple/Bloodwood | Tracks: 3 Tracks
Type: Continuous (120 points) | Pegs: 9 Metal
Sale Price: $77.95


text:
ALLY McCOIST, the television football pundit and quiz show captain, confessed yesterday to an affair with the actress Patsy Kensit.
The married father-of-three, a former Rangers and Scotland striker who was made an MBE in 1994, said that he had been "a complete fool" and was now trying to save his marriage.
The confession at the door of his home near Glasgow is the first serious blot on his reputation as a clean-cut and charming joker.
He is the regular partner to Des Lynam - who experienced a similar fall from grace three years ago after an affair with a neighbour - on ITV'S The Premiership and a team captain on A Question of Sport.
Since giving up football, McCoist, 39, has also made his acting debut, in Robert Duvall's football film, Shot at Glory. He was due to be a guest at the film's premiere in Glasgow tomorrow, but has cancelled all publicity events.
Speaking at the door of his home in Renfrewshire, he added: "I have been a complete fool. The only thing that matters now is Allison and the three boys."
He confessed after details of his relationship with Kensit, the former wife of the Oasis singer Liam Gallagher, appeared in a newspaper.
It claimed that he spent nights with three-times married Kensit at the London hotel where he stayed while recording The Premiership.
He and his wife Allison, a former beauty queen, have three sons, Alex, six, and three-year-old twins Mitchell and Argyll. Mitchell was born with a hole in his heart and spent eight months in intensive care.
Kensit's manager said: "Patsy Kensit is entirely focused on her sons and her work, and her friendship with Ally McCoist is over."


text:
Wedding thank you cards can be a troublesome, cumbersome business if you're unsure about whom the person really is, if you disliked the gift, or if you're in a post-wedding daze from all the commotion, ruckus, and work of the event. It's important that you use the formal introduction of "Dear So and So" at the beginning of each casual greeting. You can append a personal attachment at the end along the lines of "Sincerely," "Love," "Best of Luck in all your Endeavors," or "With Much Love".
A proper way to say it would be something like this example:
Dear So and So,
Thank you so amazingly much for the wonderful photo frames. They're perfect for our tables and bedroom accessories. Our interior designer is going to have a field day when we let him arrange all the different photo frames you gave us. Of course, we'll have to fill them up with pictures of children. We know what you were thinking when you gave us all those photo frames. Trust me, we're working on the children! I really liked it when we all danced in a circle at the wedding. It was so incredibly fun. Tell Uncle Pete to stay off the harsh spirits because he got a little tipsy. We can't wait to tell you what the honeymoon and our new life together is going to be like. Hopefully, we'll survive the sharks and sting rays in the Caribbean. You guys were great at the wedding!
With love,
Cherry Darling
As you can see, people like to express their deepest sentiments and friendly experiences in a single thank you letter. Friends and relatives will be delighted to remember the fun times you all had at the wedding. They'll be delighted that you loved the gift, and they'll think positive thoughts about you afterward. It's all in the cards to send thank you notes each time you receive a wedding gift. It's good karma, good for everybody, and people like to feel appreciated. Wedding invitations are the first step, and thank you cards are almost the last step.
Be sure that your wedding invitations mention wedding favors because people need to feel like there's some kind of balance in the exchange of gifts. People don't like being ripped off. They want to feel free and happy with the transaction. At a deep level, people think of the exchange of the wedding gifts with the wedding favors, food, and celebration. Make it mutually beneficial. Send a thank you card as the icing on the cake. People love 'em.


text: Bretton Vine sent the message below at 14:22 8/30/2006: >Dragon said the following on 2006/08/30 10:03 PM: > > Oops... forgot to send my reply to the list too. Sorry about that > > Bretton, I did not mean for you to receive it twice. > >Not a problem, and thanks for the reply ;-) >However it doesn't solve my problem of determining why a > TO: list at vdomain; CC: third at party >resulted in "message has implicit destination error". >I can't seem to reproduce the incident myself for some reason. The TO: and CC: headers of an e-mail are both treated as explicit destinations and should not trigger this behavior. The only type of implicit destination I am aware of is an address in a BCC: field. I just tested this on one of my lists. I sent an e-mail with the To: set to one of my other e-mail addresses and the CC: set to my list address. I did this with the require_explicit_destination setting both on and off. I did not receive an error, the post was not held. I had require_explicit_destination set to on for all of my lists in the past but I have changed that since we implemented some aggressive anti-spam measures on our server. It worked as advertised when I had it enabled. My personal opinion on this situation is that the user was not telling you the truth. Whether that was from forgetting or outright deception I have no way to know. The only other thing I can think of is that some other type of error resulted in the message being held. I will admit I am not overly familiar with the internals of mailman as I am just a (somewhat) knowledgeable user and not an active developer. However, I still cannot see how this could happen and cannot duplicate the behavior as I understand it. >(no criticism intended to developers, but I have to ask:) >Was this requested by users; were users involved in this decision; or was it >a case of developers deciding for users what they thought was best given the >environment of email/lists from the developer perspective? As I am not one of the developers and I was not using mailman when that feature was implemented, I cannot answer if there was any community input into that decision. However, the decision that was made seems quite logical to me. >I repeat, no criticism intended, I just need to be able to give a complete >answer and am anticipating the questions I'll be asked. :-) I don't really understand why this is a concern, to me it just doesn't make a difference. It is very easy to override the implicit destination behavior if it is not appropriate for your lists. I honestly think somebody is making a mountain of a mole hill here. > > Personally, I believe it to be a reasonable default. > >I don't disagree. However the documentation is clear that BCC'ing a list >will result in administrative oversight (if setting is'on'). But not very >clear as to why a TO:list;CC:3rd-party would result in the same by a post >from a list member who is authorised to post. > >In terms of the logs, the error is /exactly/ the same whether it's > > TO: list > CC: someone > >or > > TO: list > BCC: someone > >or > > TO: someone > BCC: list > >Yes, I'm being pedantic -- but an explanation of the principle doesn't >always answer what happens in practice. I know answers can't be sucked out >of thin-air, but perhaps this has come up before? >(or not and I need to look deeper) As I said above, this should never have happened as far as I can tell. I'm sure one of the developers with more knowledge about this will correct me if I am wrong. > > Of course, there is absolutely nothing stopping you from turning the > > setting off. You probably would want some pretty aggressive anti-spam > > filtering and possibly graylisting enabled on your incoming queue of > > your MTA if you do that. > >We've found relatively little spam making it to any lists as it is. By just >how much a margin will turning the setting off impact on posts from >non-members reaching the list is non-member posting is already disallowed? >Is it just theoretical, negligible or will have it have major impact? If you set the default non-member action to Hold, no posts from non-members will get through unless a moderator explicitly approves them. If your spam filtering is good enough to keep examining the held messages from being an excessive work load, then by all means, disable the setting. The only potential problem I see, and it is a difficult one to solve, is with e-mails with forged sender addresses that match list member addresses. These e-mails will get through to the list. Since the use of the BCC: with a forged FROM: address is a common spammer tactic, it will result in some unwanted noise. How often that would happen is anyone's guess. How tolerable the problem would be is also anyone's guess. Just be aware that such things do tend to increase list-member dissatisfaction and the more volatile/vocal members may comment upon such things on the list. This was one of the driving forces behind my lists migrating from an older version of majordomo to mailman earlier this year. >In terms of our logs, the "message has implicit destination" occurs maybe >once for every 50 or so "post by non-member/unapproved-address to >member-only list" so if you look at it from a higher level service provider >approach it doesn't seem like it would make much of a difference, and >therefore is unnecessary to leave the setting enabled. That is one person's opinion, I would be willing to bet that most people who run members-only lists would disagree. >I don't quite agree, but it seems to be a point of view without a strong >counter-argument. And this is why this setting exists as an option. Dragon ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Venimus, Saltavimus, Bibimus (et naribus canium capti sumus) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


text:
Hollinwell is an area in North Nottinghamshire in proximity to the ex-mining town Kirkby-in-Ashfield. Perhaps it's main claim to fame is a fine golf club and course of some considerable repute – that and a famous mystery still unsolved to this day.
The 'Hollinwell Incident' as it became known happened in July 1980 and people have been trying to understand what happened ever since. It was a story that reached the national media and one still enshrouded in mystery.
The story concerns a Summer marching band competition at a showground in the area. During the gala day approximately 300 children suddenly collapsed during the festivities. Observers likened it to 'a battlefield' and spoke of children 'going down like ninepins'. At first children began to collapse in ones and twos but this quickly soon accelerated into dozens. Aghast spectators were bewildered at the dramatic scene, not comprehending what was unfolding in front of them. Children were scattered about the grass unconscious or vomiting and with noses and eyes streaming in a horrific scene.
Some of the first movements after the day were by the water companies checking that the local supply was not contaminated. Other theories considered a gas leak, radio waves and even a UFO intervention. Most of the youngsters recovered rapidly afterwards with only nine children being admitted to a local hospital.
As media outlets voraciously researched the incident a common theory became that crop spraying was to
blame. Shortly afterwards an official enquiry concluded that mass hysteria was the cause and this theory remained for more than twenty years until local television began delving into the mystery once more.
It's since been discovered that chemicals containing tridemorph, since banned, were possibly sprayed on the field priorly. Such a constituent became forbidden due to being an irritant to eyes and skin. Could such a chemical have caused the enormous drama on that show ground that day? The passing of time has made an accurate assessment difficult.
Another popular theory is that the incident was caused by mass hysteria amongst the children. Medical knowledge tells us that this type of reaction can cause fainting, nausea, malaise and convulsions amongst other symptoms. Interestingly an outbreak of mass hysteria can be created by a specific incident leading to anxiety. They are also usually relatively short-lived. Certainly Hollinwell that day manifested many commonalities with known symptoms.
What is left all these years later are those two main theories about what was a most terrifying day for the people of the area, and those who had travelled from far afield to participate and spectate at the competition. Crop spray poisoning or mass hysteria. Some believe that blaming the cause on mass hysteria is merely a cover up for the children being poisoned. One individual who actually took part in the events pointed to the fact that the (less susceptible) adults and small babies were also affected and that the cause of their problems was unlikely to be mass hysteria. A fair point.
However, no medical problems have been reported immediately afterwards nor since that time which would corroborate the theory that crop spraying was not the culprit that day.
Perhaps we will never know what really was the cause of the mass confusion in Hollinwell that day during the Summer of 1980. Was there a cover up? Do either of those common explanations adequately offer any clarity into what really did happen?
The mystery continues…


text:
I've always included extra NC17 "forewarning of upcoming vamp smexin." type warnings on my work simply because it is Slash and not everyone knows what Slash is...even when you write Mick/Josef NC17 in the title. I find it helps reduce the accidental read commence the hurling of massive amounts of offence towards the author type situation. And besides I just think it's respectful to give people full warning for something they may not wish to read or may be offended by...not to mention the fact that there are many Slash Fen who don't wish to read NC17 level male on male sex scenes as well.
Just my humble two cents that has added absolutely nothing to the value of a dollar


text:
CBP Foils Mother/Daughter Cocaine Smuggling Team at LAX
Camouflage Scheme of 10.3 lb Cocaine Paste in Liquid Condiments Fails
LOS ANGELES-U.S. Customs and Protection (CBP) officers at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) apprehended two passengers (a 54 year old mother and her 22 year old daughter) who were transporting 10.3 pounds of cocaine last Thursday night.
CBP officers intercepted, extracted and seized cocaine paste disguised within five food bags packed in the mother and daughter's checked-in luggage. Both are citizens of Spain and were en-route to Australia.
CBP's outbound inspection of the daughter's checked-in luggage revealed two plastic packets of chocolate syrup and two plastic packets of salad dressing which felt unusually thick. Further probing revealed that a clear plastic bag with white paste had been placed inside of the packets. The extracted paste tested positive for cocaine
and weighed 5.5 lbs.
Subsequent examination of the mother's checked-in luggage divulged another type syrup packet with a plastic bag hidden inside of it which contained a yellowish paste-like substance that also tested positive for cocaine and weighed 4.8 pounds.
"CBP officers use a multi-layered approach in researching and analyzing various patterns of high risk travelers. In this case, that analysis, coupled with the officer's skills and training, led to this successful interdiction," said Todd C. Owen CBP Director of Field Operations in Los Angeles.
The mother and daughter were arrested and taken into custody by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement's (ICE) Homeland Security Investigations (HSI).
Both women have been ordered detained (ordered held without bond). They have both been charged in a criminal complaint with possession with the intent to distribute cocaine. If convicted of this offense, each would face a mandatory minimum penalty of five years in federal prison, and a maximum statutory penalty of 40 years in prison.


text:
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Criminal Law Casebook
Presumptions and Inferences
Presumptions and Inferences
Franklin County Criminal Law Casebook
Reproduced with permission from:
Timothy E. Pierce
and the
Franklin County Public Defender Office
Sandstrom v. Montana
(1979), 442 U.S. 510 -- State may not be given the benefit of a conclusive presumption which overrides the presumption of innocence, and relieves the state of its burden of proof. Nor may there be non-conclusive presumptions which have the effect of shifting the burden of persuasion to the defense.
Connecticut v. Johnson
(1983), 460 U.S. 73 -- (1) At p. 84. An instruction that a person is conclusively presumed to have intended the natural and necessary consequences of his voluntary acts is erroneous, having the effect of a directed verdict of guilty, which is not permitted in criminal cases, no matter how strong the proof. (2) Such constitutional errors are still subject to determination whether they were harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. Also see
Rose v. Clark
Burger v. Kemp
(1987), 483 U.S. 776, 781-782 (Harmlessness of failure to object to burden shifting instruction in the context of claimed ineffective assistance of counsel).
Mullaney v. Wilbur
(1975), 421 U.S. 684 -- A defendant may not be given the burden of disproving an element of a crime through application of a presumption. Maine homicide statute provided a conclusive presumption of malice aforethought from proof that the homicide was both intentional and unlawful. To be found guilty of manslaughter, the defendant had to prove by a preponderance that he acted in the heat of passion or on sudden provocation.
Barnes v. United States
(1973), 412 U.S. 837 -- A jury instruction regarding a permissive inference of guilty knowledge from unexplained possession of recently stolen property satisfies due process if it does not serve to excuse the prosecution from its burden of proof beyond a reasonable doubt. Also see
State v. Arthur
(1975), 42 Ohio St. 2d 67;
State v. Giles
(August 7, 1980), Franklin Co. App. No. 80AP-297, unreported (1980 Opinions 2296).
Francis v. Franklin
(1985), 471 U.S. 307 -- A recitation that a presumption may be rebutted does not avoid a due process violation if the charge may be interpreted as creating a mandatory presumption unless overcome by evidence put on by the defense. Also see
Yates v. Aiken
Francis v. Franklin
applies retroactively. Compare
Ulster County Court v. Allen
Cooper v. Oklahoma
(1996), 517 U.S. 348 -- It is a violation of due process to require the defendant to establish by clear and convincing evidence that he is not competent to stand trial. The trial of a person who is not competent violates due process. The use of the clear and convincing evidence standard, instead of the usual preponderance, makes it possible to try a person who more likely than not is incompetent.
State v. Garner
(1995), 74 Ohio St. 3d 49, 60 -- "The law has long recognized that intent, lying as it does within the privacy of a person's own thoughts, is not susceptible to objective proof. The law recognizes that intent can be determined from the surrounding facts and circumstances, and persons are presumed to have intended the natural, reasonable and probable consequences of their voluntary acts...Intent '"'"can never be proved by the direct testimony of a third person and it need not be. It must be gathered from the surrounding facts and circumstances....'"'"' Similarly, while guilt of aggravated murder requires proof of specific intent to kill,
contemplates that such an intent may be inferred in a felony-murder when the offense and the manner of its commission would be likely to produce death." (Citations omitted.)
State v. Collier
(1991), 62 Ohio St. 3d 267, 269 -- "It is well established that all legislative enactments must be afforded a strong presumption of constitutionality."
State v. Webb
(1998), 126 Ohio App. 3d 808 -- In a driving under suspension case, the court may not instruct the jury that the defendant is conclusively presumed to have received notice of suspension upon proof the established procedure for giving notice was followed.
State v. Adams
(1982), 3 Ohio App. 3d 50 -- In a prosecution for passing bad checks, inclusion of instructions on the presumption set forth in
is proper even though defendant has introduced evidence rebutting the presumption. However, the instructions must also address the nature and effect of rebuttable instruction in a criminal case so that the charge does not have the effect of shifting a burden of proof to the defendant.
State v. Scott
(1983), 8 Ohio App. 3d 1 -- Due process violation found in presumption of elements of theft of cable services from unreported possession of equipment capable of doing so.
State v. Wilcox
(1983), 10 Ohio App. 3d 11 -- The OMVI per se offense set forth in
does not create an unconstitutional presumption. Instead, the offenses is driving with a prohibited concentration of alcohol. Also see
State v. Tanner
(1984), 15 Ohio St. 3d 1, 6.
State v. Ebright
(1983), 11 Ohio App. 3d 97 -- Headnotes 1 and 2: "(1) The underlying principle of the rule against drawing an inference from another inference is that the foundation of the second inference is so insecure that reliance upon it would result in an inferred fact which is merely speculative in nature. (2) The test to be applied to inferred ultimate facts in civil cases is whether or not the inferences drawn and relied upon were more probable than other inferences which might also have been drawn from the underlying facts. In a criminal case, the test for reliability is more stringent: when a conviction is to be based upon inferences drawn from underlying facts, the inferences which support guilt must be so strong that they exclude the drawing from the same underlying facts of reasonable inferences which support innocence."
Motorists Mutual Insurance Co. v. Hamilton Township Trustees
(1986), 28 Ohio St. 3d 13 -- Syllabus: "Where a jury bases its verdict partly on a reasonable inference drawn from facts in evidence, and partly on an inference drawn both from those same facts and common human experience, the verdict is not the result of the impermissible stacking of an inference upon an inference."
Publishing Information
Published by
Timothy E. Pierce
Copyright © Franklin County Public Defender and Timothy E. Pierce, 2015
Contents may not be duplicated without express permission.


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Test Well
Manufactured using a unique low pressure structural foam process. Dimensions are 10 inch diameter at top, 11-1/2 inches inside diameter at bottom, 13 inch OD diameter on lip at bottom, 10-1/2 inches high. Color green. For use in non-vehicular traffic areas only. Can be used with conventional ground rods or chemical rods for testing resistivity.Weight 4-1/2 lbs.


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AVG Antivirus, an obvious abbreviated term for "Anti-Virus Guard" came into existence as Grisoft's first product. Started in 1992, this cyber protection tool has had its fairs share of ups and downs. Since then, it has come up with several updates and a lot more variants, some of these include AVG AntiVirus Free, AVG Internet Security, and AVG Ultimate. The count of tools does not stop here; you can also get access to auxiliary utilities such as AVG TuneUp, AVG Cleaner, and AVG Driver Updater, and there are still a lot more to come. But the sad truth is that these features come with their own set of issues and these issues need a prompt attention.
To provide the issues with appropriate solutions and proper attention, AVG Technical Support has stepped up to the plate. This team of professionals that entails remote technical experts, software engineers, live chat specialists and customer support representatives. With proper engagement and collaboration, the team can provide complete solutions of any of this application's malfunctions.
It is the randomness of software issues that motivated us to put forward services that won't only solve the problems n their entirety, but allows maximum customer engagement for us and comfort to our clients. At AVG Technical Support UK, we make sure that the aforementioned focus is never diverged from. To that end, we provide round the clock assistance, live chat support, a toll-free contact and remote support. To explain them in a more comprehensive manner:
The entropic nature of the AVG malfunctions warrants the aforementioned services. We guarantee you, not only these services would be thorough but they would also be handled as fast as possible.
The antiviral tool is indeed the host to many features, and one cardinal rule of software is—"if it has many features, and then be prepared for that many issues". Adhering to this saying, we have come up with appropriate support for the antiviral application: most of these include:
AVG might have been a leader of antivirus applications back in the year 2012, but today it needs special attention resulting from its many lingering malware and privacy based issues. Also the mentioned solutions list does in no way represents the entirely of our services. As the application continues to be updated, our technical experts update their methods as well.
Choosing us is in no way a no brainer. Mostly because most of the mentioned services and solutions are as generic as they can come. Therefore, it is our character which represents us wholly. Our AVG Antivirus customer support team makes sure that each and every employee is courteous towards you and this courtesy turns into professionalism once they persistently solve your issues. Additionally, we make sure to keep each and every one of our employee honest. This honesty leads to our transparency about the costs. Therefore, you should not be worried about getting duped. These mentioned reasons are why you should choose us.
As already mentioned, you can either contact us through live-chat module or AVG Support Number +44-2038-687821 UK Toll Free. When you call us, you won't be presented with a static that most toll-free contacts tend to do, rather you would be presented with our courteous customer support executive who, after hearing your issues would direct you towards a suitable tech expert. This technical expert would solve your issues in a complete and fast manner.


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BAHS goes virtual
The 77th Oklahoma Association of Student Councils (OASC) State Convention took place at Broken Arrow High School on Nov. 11-13, 2017. Because Broken Arrow hosted this year's conference, there was limited space on campus for the busy and crowded every day student life on Monday Nov. 13. The solution to this problem was a virtual day where students used their Chromebooks to do their school work and watch their teachers' lessons from home.
"It was nice having a day off and a break from the normal routine" junior Annie Kramer said. "I loved being able to sleep in and learn in the comfort of my home."
Even though students do have to complete some school work on a day off, virtual days are also a nice break from having to get ready and leave your house everyday early in the morning.
"My favorite part was getting to do school from home in my bed," senior Ryli Brassfield said. "Nothing sounds better than that."
Many students are excited about the ability to do virtual days for the winter months when weather would usually affect school days. The district will not have to make up school days that were missed at the end of the school year, which means an earlier summer break.
"The advantages of the virtual day is that it doesn't count as us missing school, so on snow days we could do a virtual and not have to add an extra day at the end of the school year," junior Hadley Giager said. "The students have the whole day to complete their assignments and get to sleep in."
With one virtual day done, students look forward to the possibility of more in the future.


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misstatements as to price
Marketing to Canadians – A plethora of regulatory considerations
Businesses marketing to Canadians may be surprised at the number and scope of laws that may impact marketing efforts. Previous Releases provided updated coverage of some of these laws, including privacy and anti-spam laws. This Release updates Policy OP 6.12 – Do Not Call Registry, which includes coverage of the Unsolicited Telecommunications Rules that govern telemarketing activities. Listed below are 7 of the many considerations that businesses marketing to Canadians must consider. Some will be explored in detail in upcoming Releases:


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Honing Your Workplace Negotiation Skills
Negotiation. Just saying the word makes many people quake in terror or withdraw in discomfort because it feels adversarial to them. But, change the word to collaboration and people smile and lean in to hear more. And yet, that is what negotiation really is—collaborative problem-solving. You have something someone else needs and they have something you need. Identifying how each person can get their needs met in a way that satisfies both parties is the core of what negotiation is all about. In this energetic workshop, we will change the way you look at negotiation, give you some tools that you can use immediately, and opportunities to practice your new skills.
Learning Goals:
After the workshop, students will gain the following:
- Understanding of how to negotiate and when
- Techniques for effectively negotiating
- Practice in these types of negotiation:
- Salary
- Vendor
- Client
Katherine (Kit) Brown-Hoekstra is an STC Fellow and STC 2015-16 Society Immediate Past President, an experienced consultant with over 25 years of experience in technical communication, much of it working with localization teams. As Principal of Comgenesis, LLC, Kit provides consulting and training to her clients on a variety of topics, including localization, content strategy, and content management. She speaks at conferences worldwide and publishes regularly in industry magazines. Her blog is www.pangaeapapers.com.


text: BUSINESS Movies in race to beat the strike clock 5:00 AM PDT 6/13/2008 by Gregg Kilday , AP FACEBOOK TWITTER EMAIL ME Empty As the clock ticks ever closer to the June 30 end of SAG's contract, the industry is nervously contemplating the possibility of yet another strike — even as it admits that, at least in terms of film production, a de facto strike already exists.The AMPTP, in what could be characterized as its lack-of-progress report issued Thursday, argued that a de facto strike "limiting the greenlighting of features and disrupting pilot production" already has begun. As one talent attorney observed: "No one is doing anything that finishes after June 30, (and) nobody's starting anything now. There is the impact of a strike already."The threat of a stoppage has had an impact on production schedules at the major studios, which pushed a slew of projects into production back in April in order to complete filming by June 30.DreamWorks is wrapping both John Hamburg's "I Love You, Man" and Peter Jackson's "The Lovely Bones" this week, while Paramount is aiming to finish principal photography during in the next two weeks on its untitled Wayans Bros. comedy, "G.I. Joe" and Martin Scorsese's "Shutter Island," starring Leonardo DiCaprio. Warners is finishing up shooting on Steven Soderbergh's "The Informant," its Seth Rogen starrer "Observe and Report" and the action film "Ninja Assassin." Universal is racing the clock on "Land of the Lost," starring Will Ferrell. Disney's "Race to Witch Mountain," "When in Rome" and "High School Musical 3" are on track to be finished by month's end. And Columbia/MGM's latest Bond adventure, "Quantum of Solace," is set to wrap next week.United Artists is squeezing in the additional footage it's shooting on the Tom Cruise starrer "Valkyrie" before the witching hour strikes. At the same time, a number of movies aiming for key 2009 release dates decided to risk potential disruption by moving forward anyway.Columbia's "Angels and Demons," the follow-up to "The Da Vinci Code," already was forced to postpone production once when writer Akiva Goldsman could not turn in a script polish during the writers strike. With a release date moved from Dec. 19 to May 15, 2009, the film began shooting this month, with Tom Hanks and director Ron Howard on location in Rome. Crossing its fingers, Columbia is calculating that if a strike does force a shutdown, production can resume in time to make the spring release date.Other big-budget productions have contingency plans in place. DreamWorks/Paramount's "Transformers" sequel is before the cameras in Pennsylvania, with shooting eventually set to move to New Mexico. In the event of a strike, director Michael Bay figures he can shut down principal photography and focus on VFX and second unit work. Halcyon's "Terminator Salvation: The Future Begins," which is shooting exteriors in New Mexico before moving to soundstages next month, is planning a similar strategy if its actors become unavailable.In the case of Screen Gems' "Mardi Gras," which is shooting in New Orleans, the schedule has been arranged so that the final eight days of shooting, set for July, are all interiors and can be completed later in Los Angeles if a strike closes down the Louisiana shoot.Several projects are set to begin filming in July but could be postponed. At Warners, Clint Eastwood's "Gran Turino" is revving its engines for a proposed mid-July start in hopes that it will be ready for release by year's end. Disney's video game adaptation "Prince of Persia" and Columbia's disaster pic "2012" are moving forward with casting as they ready to shoot next month.Other projects are awaiting a resolution before moving forward. MGM has held off greenlighting its remake of "Fame" and "The Thomas Crown Affair 2," even though the Lion, trying to stage a comeback, hopes to begin rolling out new material by the end of 2009. On the indie front, any strike would have less impact because SAG says it has already signed guaranteed completion agreements on more than 300 independently produced films that would allow them to keep working during a strike.Among the more prominent projects are Oliver Stone's "W," the QED-financed drama shooting in Louisiana, with Josh Brolin as George W. Bush; the Catherine Zeta Jones-toplined "The Rebound"; the Lindsay Lohan starrer "Labor Pains"; the Nicolas Cage remake "Bad Lieutenant"; and Nia Vardalos' "I Hate Valentine's Day." A number of indie producers said they were able to land a higher cut of talent because of their ability to guarantee that actors will collect a paycheck this summer regardless of what happens at the bargaining table.Newer stand-alone companies such as Overture and Summit largely will bypass the effects of the strike as well because of lighter production schedules or completion guarantees. While Summit has no films set to shoot in July, the sci-fi tale "Pandorum," which Overture will distribute in North America, is set to go before the cameras with financing from Germany's Constantin.Overture and Par Vantage also are behind Michael Moore's sequel to "Fahrenheit 9/11." The movie is in production and is expected to continue shooting through the summer, but documentaries by and large won't be affected by any SAG labor action.Because of disruptions that already have taken place, anxiety can be felt throughout the post community."We believe this will be worse than the WGA strike," said Stephen Buchsbaum, CEO of the Post Group. "During the WGA strike, we were doing projects that didn't involve the WGA — some independent films, game shows and reality shows. Those all have SAG hosts, and unless there is a side deal struck, we believe this impact will be catastrophic."The post industry still has not recovered from the writers strike," he continued. "The industry has not come back, partly because TV season as we know it is still in limbo."Unease also is growing in the visual effects community."I'm hearing about and seeing people being laid off or told to hurry up and wait," Visual Effects Society executive director Eric Roth said. "It seems like there is already a strike."This situation is further aggravated by the lurching global economy, weak dollar and increasing amount of VFX work heading to less expensive destinations. "It's a recipe for the perfect storm at the worst possible time," Roth said.Jay A. Fernandez, Carolyn Giardina, Borys Kit and Leslie Simmons in Los Angeles and Gregg Goldstein and Steven Zeitchik in New York contributed to this report. FACEBOOK TWITTER EMAIL ME Gregg Kilday email@example.com gkilday AP email@example.com @thr


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Keep Up-To-Date with the Latest IT Staffing Trends
The objective of the Thompson Technologies newsletter is to provide helpful resources and updates on key initiatives and events. We welcome your feedback and suggestions for future issues. To be added to our distribution list, please email us at email@example.com.
Archived Newsletters
First Quarter 2016 Highlights: Kickstart Your Leadership Image with These 4 Steps
Second Quarter 2016 Highlights: Is a "No Telecommute" Policy Limiting Your Tech Talent?
Third Quarter 2016 Highlights: Understanding IoT's Impact on Talent
First Quarter 2014 Highlights: How to Differentiate Your Business to Land Top Talent
Second Quarter 2014 Highlights: Increase Your Chances of Landing Top IT Talent
Third Quarter 2014 Highlights: How to Build Effective Employee Career Paths to Retain Top Talent
Fourth Quarter 2014 Highlights: New Year, New Recruitment Strategy
Fourth Quarter 2013 Highlights: What You Should Really Look For in IT Candidate Resumes
Third Quarter 2013 Highlights: The Potential for Behavioral Interviewing on Your Talent Pool
Second Quarter 2013 Highlights: Closing the IT Skills Gap One Candidate at a Time
First Quarter 2013 Highlights: Think Outside the Box to Hire Truly Exceptional Talent
Fourth Quarter 2012 Highlights: Big Data Flexes Its Recruiting Muscles
Third Quarter 2012 Highlights: We Look Great on Paper…So Why Are We Losing Talent to the Competition?
10/2011: TechServe Alliance Fall Newsletter
Fourth Quarter 2011 Highlights: Growing Your Executive Network: Why It's Important and How It Can Impact Your Career/Business
Third Quarter 2011 Highlights: Social Media. Is it About the Money or the Relationship? C-Level Executives Discuss at Latest Georgia CxO Forum
Second Quarter 2011 Highlights: Mobile Technology is on the Cusp of Transforming Business Time for a Mobile-Readiness Reality Check
First Quarter 2011 Highlights: C-Level Executives Share Thoughts Around HR and IT Taking a Seat Together to Deliver Value and Drive Innovation at the recent Q1 Georgia CxO Forum
Fourth Quarter 2010 Highlights: IT Rationalization – Essential Building Blocks for Modernization Strategies and Operational Efficiency; Business Leaders' Top Concern? Where to Invest.; Thompson Technologies Says "Thank You" with Contractor Bowling Challenge; Thompson Technologies' 15 Year Celebration Benefits Local Charities; Community Corner
Second Quarter 2010 Highlights: Solid Game Plan + Strong Hires = Successful Recovery; Personal Branding is Important When Looking for a Job: Myth or Fact?; Thompson Technologies Celebrates its 15-year Anniversary; Community Corner
First Quarter 2010 Highlights: Recovery Readiness: Five Tips to Prepare for Your Better Days Ahead; Finding Stability in Flexibility, Steadfast Standards Lead to Solid Hires and Long-Term Relationship with National Quick-Services Restaurant Chain; Community Corner
Fourth Quarter 2009 Highlights: Recovery Readiness: Five Tips to Prepare for Your Better Days Ahead; Finding Stability in Flexibility; Steadfast Standards Lead to Solid Hires and Long-Term Relationship with National Quick-Service Restaurant Chain
Second Quarter 2009 Highlights: How Can Companies Go Further Faster? Excellence in Execution; Thompson Offers Clients One Year Guarantee; Social Responsibility: A Company-wide Priority; Will the Real CIO Please Stand Up?
First Quarter 2009 Highlights: IT Hiring Trends—What's Really Happening; Art Eyzaguirre Joins Thompson to Lead Career Development Services; Candice Carden is the New ERP Practice Manager; Same Look, New Thompson; Thompson Gives Back
Summer 2007 Highlights: Tim Smith Appointed President; Web 3.0; AIMCO Cares; Community Service (PDF)
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BLOG: For Cybersecurity Professionals, Salary Isn't a Top Priority – It's easy for employers to fall into the trap of thinking today's professionals are just chasing bigger and bigger paychecks. However, a new report has shown that salary isn't the top priority for cybersecurity professionals when it comes to job seeking and sticking with an employer.
BLOG: The Top Skills and Salaries For Top IT Executive Jobs – Whether you're just thinking about a career in IT, starting out on one, or you're a season IT pro – it's always beneficial to know where a career in IT can take you. There are a number of different positions at the top of the IT totem pole, with each job having its own unique requirements, qualifications and compensation.
BLOG: These Technologies Could Disrupt Your Business in 2018 – Technologies like artificial intelligence and computer vision are going to continue disrupting business throughout 2018. These disruptions could come as game-changing systems or simple tech tools. For companies, it's important to understand emerging technologies and the potential impact they could have on their organization.
Your next IT opportunity awaits you. Let Thompson Technologies help you land the perfect job.


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One day, in 1998, I stood in front of the world map in our college campus and announced to my friends that I'd go everywhere someday! And then promptly forgot about it. Till Mohit came along, with his love for travel. One year into dating, he dragged me for the exchange program to Europe, with a backpack and 3 am starts to the day. We fell in love, with each other, the backpacks and the frugal travel.
Then came Sara in September 11, and then came the epic trip to Cuba, Mexico and US West Coast in December 11. Was it madness or genius to plan such a trip with a 3 month old baby, I do not know, but we certainly didn't regret it.
50+ countries so far, 20+ with one or both of the kids, I can safely call myself something of an authority on travelling with toddlers. So come here to find inspiration, travel hacks or a review of a destination; we promise to bring you a view into a new country every quarter because we haven't been everywhere, yet.


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Picnicking under a suspended car, marching with crows, being mesmerized by artistry in the forest – you never know what you'll discover at Art in the Open. Each year in late August, for one day only, Charlottetown's downtown becomes the site of this magical, contemporary arts festival.
Free to the public and family-friendly, this unique event transforms the historic downtown into an open-air art gallery that celebrates the heritage and green spaces of the city with ephemeral works of visual art, including installations, screenings, projections, performance art, dance and more.
You're encouraged to explore the spaces, ask questions and engage with the diverse, the unusual and the stunning. And, as always, Art in the Open is for the birds – crows, specifically. An annual ritual, the March of the Crows, returns each year, winding its way through Charlottetown's downtown and ending at Victoria Park, a well-known 'hangout' for the city's crow population. You're invited to don your crow costume and join the fun!
Art in the Open takes place August 24, 2019 from 4:00pm to midnight.
|Tuesday, May 26, 2020
|Wednesday, May 27, 2020
|Sunday, May 31, 2020
|All Day
|Sunday, May 31, 2020
|All Day
|Sunday, June 21, 2020
|All Day
|Wednesday, July 1, 2020
|All Day


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Apply Online | Mortgage Application
Click Here To Apply For A Purchase, Refinance or Pre-Approval Application
We make the Mortgage
Application Process easy!
Already Have An Application In Process? Click Here To Log In…
Click Here For Video Instructions on Completing Your Application.
Real Estate Loans for every purpose.
Mortgage brokers are often referred to as "mom and pop" mortgage operations. That is because the average mortgage brokerage is very small, having only one, or just a few, originators. But C2 Financial is not your typical mortgage broker and it's a place where the words "mom and pop" do not apply. With more than 500 originators closing well over $1billion in loans annually, C2 Financial is one among the largest mortgage brokers in the U.S.
Our focus…
C2 Financial is a mortgage brokerage/banker based in San Diego, Calif. We maintain approximately 50 wholesale lender relationships and focus our state approvals in the West, including Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, Oregon and Washington, not to mention, we have a great group in Florida and Texas as well. We work with self-sufficient, seasoned originators who hold ethics and compliance in the highest regard, but don't need or want a lot of hand-holding. Most of our folks are with us because, other than compliance—which we are strict on—we stay out of their way. And because of our real estate loan loan volume, we have access to some of the most competitive wholesale real estate loan rates, and preferred service with our lenders. In fact, when talking with prospective originators, we frequently are asked to do a rate comparison. Nine out of 10 times, our rates are superior—and not by a little. It is the combination of our rates, relationships and resources that allow C2 originators to provide the best pricing and service to their Realtor partners and clients, which create clients and Realtor partners for life, critical to a career originator's success.
We are here for our customer.
Our philosophy is this, which I'll paraphrase from our manual: Our titles vary. We are mortgage consultants, we are loan originators, we are real estate loan officers, and we are mortgage brokers. What does not vary is that, every day, borrowers entrust us with one of the most important financial decisions of their life that, if not executed properly, can have long-lasting repercussions as was witnessed in 2008 during the mortgage meltdown. We do not take that responsibility lightly. We do what is best for the client, not what is best for our pocketbook, as some brokers before us have done. We know by doing this, we not only are doing what is morally and ethically right, but we know this belief system will result in our borrowers referring us additional clients, the underpinnings of a long-term business model.
Excerpts from an interview with Brian Kent, General Manager | C2 Financial BY DAVID J. COSTER
Call us today at 424 225 2167! One of our mortgage professionals will help you get the best possible loan solution for your situation. We'll be with you every step of the process and not hand you off to someone else.


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Fellowships Office
Essay Writing
Planning your Fellowship or Scholarship Essay
Read the essay question very carefully. Typically, essay questions are comprehensive and fairly open-ended. If you addressed all points thoroughly, your essay could go on for pages. Identify the most important points of the question–the points most relevant to you–and concentrate on those.
How to Begin your Essay:
- Organize your thoughts and make an outline.
- Just write. Do not be concerned with the prescribed length of the essay. At this stage, you want to include everything. It is much easier to delete than to add.
- Look at the binders of essays submitted by past UR fellowship applicants.
For access to the binders see Ann Robinson or the Director of Fellowships in the Fellowships Office, Dewey 4-209B, M-F: 9-12, 1-5.
- Identify faculty members who are willing to advise you and assist you as you write your essay.
- Consult with the Fellowships Coordinator throughout the process.