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Your continued support made 2013 another outstanding year for our association, one of the busiest in our organization's history. All this culminated in our 75th Anniversary Banquet and Program, a memorable event for all who attended. Programs: January 25 –… Read More ›
75th Anniversary
CERA News For December 2013
Chicago Streetcar Pictorial: The PCC Car Era 1936-1958 CERA is hard at work on B-146, our next publication, which will be chock-full of classic views of PCC cars in Chicago. We need your help in order to make this the… Read More ›
CERA@75 Part 4 – The "Insull Parade"
A special highlight of CERA's trip to the Illinois Railway Museum on September 21st was the unique "Insull Parade," featuring historic trains from all four Chicago-area railroads once controlled by Samuel Insull. These were the Chicago Rapid Transit Co., the… Read More ›
CERA@75 Part 3 – Fantrip to Kenosha
The PCC car is alive and well just 50 miles from Chicago, in Kenosha, Wisconsin. CERA made a trip there on September 20th, as part of our 75th Anniversary celebrations. Our charter bus was full, and everyone seemed to enjoy… Read More ›
CERA@75 Part 2: Fantrip to IRM
Here are some photos from last Saturday's CERA inspection trip to the Illinois Railway Museum. We salute the entire crew of volunteers at IRM for giving us such a warm welcome, and for arranging to put out all the various… Read More ›
CERA News For September
75th Anniversary Banquet and Program CERA's 75th Anniversary Banquet and Program was a great success. The sold-out crowd enjoyed the food, the camaraderie, and the North Shore Line films shown by Walter Keevil. We thank all those who attended, especially… Read More ›
Highlights From CERA@75, Part 1
Here is the first of three posts from CERA's 75th Anniversary weekend. On Sunday, September 22, 2013, we journey to South Elgin to visit the Fox River Trolley Museum. This was my first trip to South Elgin since the line… Read More ›


text: Object Lesson: Classroom Style Posters for the Home April 20, 2017 Object Lesson is a new company that makes classroom-style posters pretty enough to hang in your home. Alphabet, Days of the Week, Months, and a Number Chart. I think they'd make a fun series hung in a family room or play room. 1 Comment Share This Post TwitterFacebookPin ItEmail Article

subset: commoncrawl


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Jenice Malecki of Malecki Law, a well-known securities attorney for over 20 years, helps public (consumer) and institutional investors, as well as industry participants in actions involving fraud, breach of contract, breach of fiduciary duty and negligence in arbitration and in court, as well as in employment, regulatory (SEC/FINRA) and whistleblower investigations and disputes. She regularly appears in TV and radio interviews, in the news as a securities industry resource and speaks at local law schools and at the Practicing Law Institute (PLI), Public Investors Arbitration Bar Association and NY County Lawyers Association. Ms. Malecki took part in an educational video about FINRA arbitration on WSJ.com.
She started her career in plaintiff's class action litigation, In re Crazy Eddie, then defending brokers, some of whose conduct was in Martin Scorsese's The Wolf of Wall Street. She finally founded MALECKI LAW in 1999, and her career was detailed in an article on LawCrossing.com.
Ms. Malecki has written extensively on securities law related topics, is a Super Lawyer, a Top Lawyer listed by The American Lawyer and is also AV® Preeminent rated.


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RED WINGS vs LIGHTNING Watch FREE Live Stream Online & Listen: Game 5 Live Coverage From Tampa Bay
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Pavel Datsyuk and the Red Wings try to stay alive against the Lightning in Game 5. (Photo : Getty Images)
The Lightning return to home ice to try and become the first team to advance to the second round of the Stanley Cup playoffs, while the Red Wings look to send the series back to Detroit when the puck drops in Tampa Bay for Game 5.
Tampa Bay is 2-0 at home in this series, having won Game 1, 3-2, and Game 2, 5-2. Detroit emerged victorious in Game 3 by a 2-0 margin when the series shifted to the Joe Louis Arena, but dropped Game 4, 3-2, on Tuesday.
Nikita Kucherov scored his fourth and fifth goals of the series in Game 4 to stake the Lightning to a 2-0 lead, but the Red Wings drew even on tallies from Darren Helm (1) and Gustav Nyquist (1). Ondrej Palat then found the twine on the power play for his first goal of the series, for the game-winner in the third period.
Detroit hasn't overcome a 3-1 series hole since 1992, but teams have done so in each of the last three Stanley Cup playoffs. The Red Wings are confident they can defy the deficit.
"We've been playing this way for the last 30 games of the season," Red Wings forward Justin Abdelkader said per NHL.com. "We've had to win and accumulate some points to get in the playoffs. The game to close a team out is always the hardest game to win and we're not going to make it easy on them."
After this matchup went to seven games in Round 1 last year and was ultimately won by the Lightning, Tampa Bay is in no mood to let it go the distance again.
"We're not trying to focus on getting extra rest, we just want to win hockey games," Lightning defenseman Victor Hedman told NHL.com. "We have a chance to close it out but we expect them to be at their best."
In net, Petr Mrazek is expected to man the crease for the third straight game for the Red Wings. He blanked the Lightning in Game 5 last year and made 30 saves on 33 shots last game. The Lightning will counter with Ben Bishop, who yielded two goals and turned aside 26 shots in Game 4.
This could be the end of the line for Pavel Datsyuk if the Red Wings get eliminated, as he is reportedly returning to Russia after this season.
Game Preview & Live Stream
Details: Red Wings at Lightning Game 5
Venue: Amalie Arena, Tampa Bay, Fla.
Time: 7 p.m. ET
Radio: Detroit (97.1 The Ticket); Tampa Bay (WDAE 620).
Series: Tampa Bay leads 3-1.
Prediction: Our predictions for this series can be found here.
Betting Odds: The latest betting odds can be found here.
Watch Online: This game can be live streamed for free here.
Will the Lightning wrap up this series in 5 games?
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Curried Turkey with Wild Rice Soup
-Suitable for a Candida Cleanse
Our Recipe Page has a full list of recipes suitable for a Candida Diet
Missed taking photos of this one…will add them after next batch of Soup!
The addition of apples and tomatoes makes this a stage 2 or 3 for a Candida Cleanse. However these can be removed for stage one.
- Two turkey thighs boiled to hell and back-deboned and cubed
- Reserve stock
- Chicken broth by 'Imagine Organic Biologique' (if needed)
- Add onion
- Celery
- 1/8 tsp kelp
- ½ cup ghee butter (clarified Butter)
- green pepper
- celery
- 2 apples*
- 1 tbsp flour, 1 tbsp curry, 1tsp mace, pepper
- 26 oz can org. tomatos or fresh romas mashed
- ¼ cup wild rice
- Apple cider vinegar (for tangyness)
- Stevia
- Biryani curry paste by Patak's-2 tbsp
Cook all above together til rice is cooked. Freeze small portions for future meals.
*Apples, were in question for the Candida Cleanse. I didn't find out concretely until day 10 that these were on the NO List. So until day 10, I included them in my diet. They are okay to include, however, in later stages of the Cleanse.
I, Nikki, am Blogging a step by step journal titled The Candida Chronicles, so I can share with you the Dietary Rules, the Meal Plans and Recipes , the Tips and Facts, and most importantly, the Results. If I can lick this problem, letting 'Food be my Medicine' and only using Herbals then you can too!
Take the preliminary Candida Quiz to see what Candida is, and if you have the Symptoms of this nasty Yeast condition affecting both women, and men.
Image Credits: Monica Holy


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Hi All, I have following code, that wouldn't work: <xsd:complexType name="LastUpdate"> <xsd:choice> <xsd:element name="referencedTime" type="ReferencedValue"/> <xsd:element name="generalizedTime" type="xsd:dateTime"/> <xsd:any namespace="##any" processContents="lax"/> </xsd:choice> </xsd:complexType> When I change the 'any' element namespace to "##other", it validates OK. BUT what I want is any element can be in 'this' namespace, well here except "referencedTime" & "generalizedTime". Any way around? Thank you for your time. Avin PatelReceived on Tuesday, 8 April 2003 17:09:07 UTC
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.4.0 : Friday, 17 January 2020 23:15:10 UTC


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(Mr. Trombone's tale continues. Readers will notice the inclusion of a photograph in this latest installment. This photo was not in the original "manuscript" and is placed here only after much spirited discussion among staff, Mr. Kikuchi arguing that the use of such photography would acquaint readers outside Japan with the country's cultural artifacts, thus increasing the possibility that these readers may recall facts pertinent to the case. Mrs. Doyle pointed out that because readers outside the country would be unlikely to have any information germane to the investigation of an American missing in Japan Mr. Kikuchi's point was moot, but here she pronounced "moot" as "mute." Possibly believing that Mrs. Doyle was making a remark regarding his lack of participation at weekly staff meetings, Mr. Kikuchi persisted with increasing determination, and the discussion began to stray from the photograph to a dozen unrelated slights both real and imagined between these two staff members over the past seven years. It should be noted that Mr. Kikuchi's spirited support for adding photography to the web site came as no surprise to anyone in the office, all of us having been made painfully aware of Mr. Kikuchi's passion for photography after his photos of the Consulate's 2004 Labor Day picnic near Yodogawa River were downloaded from kikuchi.com by a Guamanian pornographer, radically photoshopped, and sent to every U.S. embassy in the Far East, so that it was only after a stern warning not to include photos of Consulate personnel or their family that Mr. Kikuchi was finally granted the newly created position of web site photo editor. Now, without further ado, back to Mr. Trombone's manuscript. –Ofc. Dirkins)
I sold my motorcycle to a very nice guy who almost certainly killed himself with it not too soon after. I watched him wobble into oncoming traffic on Irving Park Road, then I walked over to the Sheridan El stop and caught a train to work. I opened to Chapter One. "Koko ni enpitu ga arimasu." There is a pencil here. "Soko ni enpitu ga arimasu." There is a pencil there. "Asoko ni enpitu ga arimasu." There is a pencil . . . there. Over there. Yes, there is a pencil over there. My attention soon drifted out the El train window to watch the people eating dinner in the kitchens at the back of their apartments.
I was still on Chapter One a week later, after I had quit my job and packed everything that would fit, including a frying pan and an electric typewriter, into cardboard boxes that met exactly Northwestern Airlines' maximum allowable luggage specifications. I was still on Chapter One as I sat on one of these boxes waiting for my friend's 1972 Oldsmobile 98 to come sputtering into view. And then almost a day later, sitting on the same box, now bent and creased a little here and there, on a street in Ikebukuro, Tokyo, I opened the book to the last page of Chapter One. "Doko ni enpitu ga arimasuka?" Where is a pencil? Where, indeed.
I was in Japan with no home, not enough money, a vague promise of a job, and a book that was due back in a library on the other side of the planet in about a week. I was hungry and tired, and all I could talk about with the people around me was the location of a pencil that wasn't really even there. So after eating something that was floating in something else at a place where no one sat down and the man behind the counter made me point and choose among a variety of things that had all been battered and deep fried to the point that you really had no idea what they started out as, I went to a stationery store.
"Koko ni enpitu ga arimasu."
The old woman made a face like she had just bitten into a very bad pistachio. She looked up from her newspaper and saw that it was not a bad pistachio at all, but me. A warm, welcoming smile began to cross her face, and suddenly realizing my mistake I shrieked, "Doko! Doko! Doko ni enpitu ga arimasuka!"
Looking back on it now, I think that it was this sudden and enthusiastic self-correction of mine that sent the woman scurrying into the back room, and not what I assumed at the time to be the exceptional Japanese customer service I had heard so much about. This would also explain why she never came back out, even after I had gone and found a pencil and waited patiently near the register for nearly half an hour.
"I figured it was the right thing to do."
"The pencil?"
"Yeah. I mean, I figured I ought to buy something. It is a place of business, after all. It's not right to just . . . "
Then a beep, and the big green phone spit out my phone card. I really needed to get my own phone. But I needed a futon first, because it turns out tatami mats are harder than they look. A futon and a pillow, and maybe the pillow first I thought, wincing at the pain that zipped along my neck as I bent awkwardly at the waist to look at the phone card sticking out of the pay phone. Hello Kitty looked back, upside down, trembling in the evening breeze.
"It's not right to just use a person like that," I was in the middle of telling my friend in Kyoto, which based on how quickly my phone card got spat out one would assume was about one billion miles from this Osaka pay phone. "So I left the 100 yen by the register," I would have finished.
My friend and I had been reminiscing. Talking about the old days, back when we had just arrived in Japan. I walked back to my apartment. I had no TV or radio, and I had already finished the stack of books I borrowed from the U.S. Consulate. Then I noticed it, under an empty bottle of Kirin. Teach Yourself Japanese, overdue now three months.
(Immediately after reading this final paragraph, I took the elevator down to the Consulate library and woke the librarian out of a deep sleep, only to be accused of being a fascist when I asked for a list of the names of everyone who had borrowed a book in the past ten years. Refusing to rise to this bait, I persisted in my demand and soon learned that no such list existed, and that in fact there had been no records kept since the current librarian had been hired during the Clinton administration when the Consul General at the time mistook the new "Don't Ask Don't Tell" policy for a revised set of federal guidelines for job interviews. The librarian has already been scheduled for a new interview, and it has been made clear that questions will indeed be asked and he will indeed be expected to tell. Unless he is asked if he is gay, which he won't be. Asked, that is. And if he is, he may refuse to acknowledge this. Being asked, that is, not being gay, which he may be. Gay, that is, not asked. And by "may be" I mean "allowed to be," not "is possibly," as I do not mean to suggest I suspect him of being gay. Not that there's anything wrong with that, as Mr. Kikuchi and Mrs. Doyle are always quick to point out whenever the subject of my son and his roommate comes up. –Ofc. Dirkins)


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We supply you with a set of our Blueprinted injectors, charge you for the set, in addition to an additional deposit fee for return of your cores.
When you return your old injectors (cores) to us they are assessed, and if they are serviceable your deposit is refunded.
Even if we do not have an EXCHANGE product available just yet for your vehicle, we will be able to give you a quote on refurbishing those same injectors to our Blueprinted standards.
We have partnered with Toll Priority to deliver your injectors as quickly as possible. Generally this means next day delivery to most locations Australia-wide, although if you live in remote areas this may increase by a day or two.
A serviceable core is one that is not broken, and can still be rebuilt into proper working condition.
Baileys Diesel Group
C/O Baileys Diesel Technology Centre
1/244 Nolan St, Unanderra NSW 2526
Yes, cores must be returned within 4 weeks or you may miss the eligibility to receive your core deposit refund. If any issues arise which may delay the return of your cores please notify BDG sales staff as soon as possible.
We will endeavour to refund 100% of your deposit. If we cannot refund the full amount we will try and refund some part of the deposit. Most customers do not experience any problems with their refunds.
The most common issues are broken solenoids and damaged threads, neither of which are repairable.
Please ensure that you package your injectors properly, as we can only refund based on the condition of the injectors when we receive them – fees are applied to returns which are externally damaged.
The core you return to us must be the same model and part number as the one that was purchased.
Cores should be returned to Baileys within 2 weeks, otherwise your Warranty will not be valid.
Old cores must be returned in 'off engine' assembled condition.


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It's been quite a while since I last got to sit down and watch an episode of Taishou Yakyuu Musume - So long that I might even have forgotten what the series is about. Oh wait, there's a clue in the title....
Anyhow, as life continues for the Ouka-kai girl's baseball team, Noe frets that there's still something missing from their preparations as they lose another practice match (albeit narrowly and due to some selfishness on Akiko's part) - However, any thoughts of baseball are soon largely thrown to the wind for the time being as something far more exciting for the girl appears.
The excitement in question surrounds a director (well, assistant director) who urgently needs a girl to star in a movie as a last-minute replacement. The trouble is, it needs to be somebody who can swim, which leaves only one girl on the team suitable qualified - Who else but Koume? Thus, after Noe does all of the leg-work to convince both the school and Koume's parents to allow her to star in the film (after making a sneaky deal of her own with the aforementioned director), Koume has to prepare herself for her role, learning all of her lines only to be met with something of a disappointment come the day of filming.
As has been the case with Taishou Yakyuu Musume throughout, it somehow manages to be exceptionally cute and fun in what is really a most enjoyable way - It doesn't offer hugely deep or compelling stories, but it can't help but leave you with a smile on your face by the end of the episode, which doubtless is exactly what it intends to do. Couple that with the nice little snippets of cultural and historical differences that come from the period in which this series is set, and you have yourself a show well worth watching in its own unique little way.
Wednesday, 9 September 2009
Taishou Yakyuu Musume - Episode 8
Posted by Hanners at 10:35
Labels: taishou yakyuu musume
3 comments:
- Snark said...
Whilst the show is very enjoyable, Akiko is fast becoming one of the most annoying characters of the season >_<
- 9 September 2009 at 12:31
Ya know... I was expecting more baseball, and less slice of life. I was expecting less moe antics overall too. Somehow this show managed to betray all expectations I have for it, and still keep me amused. Weird.
- 10 September 2009 at 12:29
- Hanners said...
I've found exactly the same to be honest - I wasn't particularly expecting the series to follow the path it has at all, yet somehow the path it has followed has been a really enjoyable one.
- 10 September 2009 at 14:14
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Tag Archives: Bitcoin
Bitcoin and Why Mises' Regression Theorem is Wrong
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Bitcoin is an "opt in" community currency, here's how you can get it at a discount
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BITCOIN – What It Is and Why It Matters
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Bitcoin Is Backed By Me
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…but the garden will not let him die
No shit, brothers & sisters, I worked myself into near total exhaustion both Saturday and Sunday. I did all manner of gardening stuff most of each day. The 95+ degree heat didn't make things any easier. Still, the garden is looking somewhat neater and Compost Pile Y43 Delta has grown by several cubic feet.
And now, I must work, but I promise more bloggage very soon.


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I'm just going to put this out there before you read anything else in this post: I did not finish Red Queen. There I said it, now on with the show……
Mare Barrow's world is divided by blood—those with common, Red blood serve the Silver- blooded elite, who are gifted with superhuman abilities. Mare is a Red, scraping by as a thief in a poor, rural village, until a twist of fate throws her in front of the Silver court. Before the king, princes, and all the nobles, she discovers she has an ability of her own.
To cover up this impossibility, the king forces her to play the role of a lost Silver princess and betroths her to one of his own sons. As Mare is drawn further into the Silver world, she risks everything and uses her new position to help the Scarlet Guard—a growing Red rebellion—even as her heart tugs her in an impossible direction. One wrong move can lead to her death, but in the dangerous game she plays, the only certainty is betrayal.
I wanted to like this book, I really did. But I just couldn't. I hate bailing on a book but in my defense I gave Red Queen a fair shake. After getting 55% of the way through (thank you Kindle for that exact percentage) I admitted defeat and just read the final chapter to get what little closure I could from the first book in a series.
The premise for Red Queen seemed right up my alley and most of the reviews I had read about it were positive. So I was excited to finally get a copy and dive in. Unfortunately almost immediately I found myself unimpressed.
First off Mare is too much like Katniss Everdeen. Worse I didn't find her as complex a character. It was like reading the story of a watered down Katniss in a generic dystopian world. But hey, they make her a princess (kind of) so there's that.
The Silver noble houses and wide spectrum of superhuman abilities they display had the potential to make Red Queen something special. But the world building was so basic. For example a war that's been raging for something like a hundred years between Mare's home country and their bordering nation is an important point to the story. Hundred year long wars should be good fodder for a rich reading experience but sadly the reason for this one was so stupid I just wanted to scream.
Apparently the war is being fought over farmland. Mare's country is not very suitable for growing crops causing something of a food shortage problem. Supposedly even the elite Silver class has been affected though the book does a poor job of showing this. As you have probably guessed the obvious solution to this problem is spending decade after decade fighting for their neighboring countries more fertile soil.
Did nobody consider a trade agreement in the last hundred years? Anybody? Anyone at all? Not to mention one of the noble Silver houses has the ability to GROW PLANTS! No, let's not use that ability. That would be silly!
And don't get me started on not the love triangle but almost love square(?) going on. Seriously why does every guy like Mare?
There is more I could complain about but I think I'm done. It's up to you if you want to give Red Queen a try. Lots of people did like it and despite my feelings about it I can see why the series has a following. It was just a miss for me.


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Southrepps woman who lost four stone to launch north Norfolk slimmers support group
PUBLISHED: 11:05 19 September 2018 | UPDATED: 11:05 19 September 2018
A north Norfolk woman is relaunching a dieting support group for residents in a coastal village.
Susie Coney, 62, from Southrepps is set to reopen the Mundesley slimming world group on Tuesday, October 2.
Mrs Coney lost more than four stone ahead of a once-in-a-lifetime motorcycle tour of France and Spain, with her husband John, 63.
She said: "I had been a member of Slimming World years ago and successfully lost weight.
"When I walked through the doors at the Mundesley group in May 2017 I was greeted in the same friendly, way as before and felt at ease.
"It's a fantastic regime and no foods are prohibited - even fish and chips."
And after nine months, Mrs Coney hit her goal weight and had dropped four dress sizes.
She said: "It has given me back health and confidence."
The group will meet at the Royal Hotel, Mundesley, on October 2 at 5.30pm.
For more information on joining the group, call 07944 753764.
If you value what this story gives you, please consider supporting the Eastern Daily Press. Click the link in the yellow box below for details.


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Taken and adapted from, "A Covenant of Salt"
Written by, H.K. Trumbull.
[I am probably a lot like many of you, for I enjoy peeking into books with new thoughts, new explanations, and new understandings that ground me, and mature me in my Christian thought, and for me this was one of those books. I wish I could say that I have brought forth even a tenth of what the author enumerated, but I cannot. For the author uses evidence from tidbits of information from all around the world, and I have tried to content myself here to condensing that into just some of the information from bible times and bible lands. However, like a good theology professor in Seminary class, every once in a while, some little bit of juicy knowledge slips through his strict outline, and series of "ah's" appear in your mind, as you begin in putting all the pieces together on things that you had deemed unrelated… So it is here. As you read, new ideas and new understandings will present themselves to you, and I think that you will gain insights you never had before. Enjoy! –MWP]
A "covenant of salt" seems to stand quite by itself in the Bible record…
Covenants made in blood, and again as celebrated by sharing a common meal, and by the exchange of weapons and clothing, and in various other ways, are of frequent mention; but a covenant of salt is spoken of only three times, and in every one of these cases as if it were of peculiar and sacred significance; each case is unique.
The Lord speaks of his covenant with Aaron and his sons, in the privileges of the priesthood in perpetuity, as such a covenant. To him he says: "All the heave offerings of the holy things, which the children of Israel offer unto the Lord, have I given thee, and thy sons and thy daughters with thee, as a due for ever: it is a covenant of salt forever before the Lord unto thee and to thy seed with thee."1
Of the Lord's covenant with David and his seed, in the rights and privileges of royalty, Abijah the king of Judah says to Jeroboam, the rival king of Israel: " O Jeroboam and all Israel; ought ye not to know that the Lord, the God of Israel, gave the kingdom over Israel to David forever, even to him and to his sons by a covenant of salt?"2
Again, the Lord, through Moses, enjoins it upon the people of Israel to be faithful in the offering of sacrifices at his altar, according to the prescribed ritual. " Neither shalt thou suffer the salt of the covenant of thy God," he says, "to be lacking from thy meal offering: with all thine oblations thou shalt offer salt."3
While the word "covenant" appears more than two hundred and fifty times in the Old Testament, it is a remarkable fact that the term "covenant of salt" occurs in only these three instances, and then in such obviously exceptional connections. The Lord's covenant with Aaron and his seed in the priesthood, and with David and his seed in the kingship, is as a covenant of salt, perpetual and unalterable. And God's people in all their holy offerings are to bear in mind that the salt is a vital element and factor, if they would come within the terms of the perpetual and unalterable covenant.
In the Bible, God speaks to men by means of human language; and in the figures of speech which he employs he makes use of terms which had and have a well-known significance among men. His employment of the term "covenant of salt" as implying permanency and unchangeableness to a degree unknown to men, except in a covenant of blood as a covenant of very life, is of unmistakable significance.
There are indeed incidental references, in another place in the Old Testament, to the prevailing primitive idea that salt-sharing is covenant-making. These references should not be overlooked.
In many lands, and in different ages, salt has been considered the possession of the government, or of the sovereign of the realm, to be controlled by the ruler, as a source of life, or as one of its necessaries, for his people. In consequence of this the receiving of salt from the king's palace has been deemed a fresh obligation of fidelity on the part of his subjects. This is indicated in a Bible passage with reference to the rebuilding by Zerubbabel of the Temple at Jerusalem, under the edict of Cyrus, king of Persia. "The adversaries of Judah and Benjamin" protested against the work as a seditious act. In giving their reason for this course they said:" Now because we eat the salt of the palace [because we are bound to the king by a covenant of salt], and it is not meet for us to see the king's dishonor, therefore have we sent and certified the king."4
And so again when King Darius showed his confidence in the Jews by directing a supply, from the royal treasury, of material for sacrifices at the Temple, and a renewal of the means of covenanting, he declared: "Moreover I make a decree what ye shall do to these elders of the Jews for the building of this house of God: that of the king's goods, even of the tribute beyond the river, expenses be given with all diligence unto these men, that they be not hindered. And that which they have need of, both young bullocks, and rams, and lambs, for burnt offerings to the God of heaven, wheat, salt, wine, and oil, according to the word of the priests which are at Jerusalem, let it be given them day by day without fail: that they may offer sacrifices of sweet savor unto the God of heaven, and pray for the life of the king, and of his sons."5
And again, in further detail: "Unto a hundred talents of silver, and to a hundred measures of wheat, and to a hundred baths of wine, and to a hundred baths of oil, and salt without prescribing how much;"6 the more salt they took, the more surely and firmly they were bound.
NOTE ONE, BREAD AND SALT: Salt alone is a basis of an enduring covenant, but bread alone is not so. Yet in the oriental mind, bread and salt may be such a basis, because there is salt as well as bread there. So commonly does salt go with bread that it is the exception when they are not together. Our English Bible asks, at Job 6: 6, "Can that which hath no savor be eaten without salt? " But the Septuagint reads: "Can bread be eaten without salt?"
NOTE TWO, BLOOD AND SALT: There are indications in the customs of primitive peoples that "blood" and "salt" are recognized as in some sense interchangeable in their natures, qualities, and uses. And in this, as in many another matter, the trend of modern science seems to be in the line of primitive indications.
Peoples who have not salt available are accustomed to substitute for it fresh blood, as though the essential properties of salt were obtainable in this way. An observant medical scientist, writing of his travels in eastern Equatorial Africa, tells of the habit of the Masai people of drinking the warm blood fresh from the bullocks they kill; and this he characterizes as "a wise though repulsive proceeding," "as the blood thus drunk provided the salts so necessary in human economy; for the Masai do not partake of any salt in its common form."7
The use of blood as food was forbidden to Noah and his sons after the Flood.8
A tradition of the Turkish or Tatar nations says that Noah's son Japheth was their immediate ancestor, and that Toutug, or Toumuk, a grandson of Japheth, discovered salt as an article of diet by accidentally dropping a morsel of food on to salt earth, and thus becoming acquainted with the savor of salt,9 this carries back the traditional discovery of salt to the age when blood was first forbidden as food.
The correspondence of salt and blood in more primitive thought will perhaps throw light on a disputed reference on a fragment of Ennius to "salsas sanguis" (salted blood, or briny blood). It would seem that as the Jews held that the blood is the life, and the life is in the blood, similarly Greeks and Romans recognized the truth that salt is in the blood, and the blood is salt.
In light of this, In the second century there were Christian ascetics who refused to take wine in the Eucharist. Among these the Elkesaites and the Ebionites employed bread and salt instead of bread and wine. This seems to have been a recognition of the fact that salt, like wine, represented blood.10
As blood is synonymous with life in primitive thought and practice, and as salt has been shown to represent blood in the primitive mind, so salt seems to stand for life in many a form of primitive speech and in the world's symbolism. When, indeed, we speak of salt as preserving flesh from corruption, we refer to the staying of the process of death by an added element of life; preserving by re-vivifying, rather than by embalming.
When Elisha, the prophet of Israel, was met by the men of Jericho, as he came from the scene of Elijah's translation to enter upon his mission as the successor of Elijah and was told of the death-dealing power of the waters of the city, his words and action seemed to emphasize the correspondence of salt with life. "He said, Bring me a new cruse, and put salt therein. And they brought it to him. And he went forth unto the spring of the waters, and cast salt therein, and said, Thus saith the Lord, I have healed these waters; there shall not be from thence any more death or miscarrying [of the land]. So the waters were healed [were restored to life] unto this day, according to the word of Elisha which he spake."11
A spring of water is in itself so important to a primitive people that it is not to be wondered at that water is called the Gift of God, and that a living spring is looked at as in a sense divine, and that it has even been worshiped as a god among primitive peoples.12
When, therefore, salt, as the synonym of life or of blood, is found in a spring of living water, it is natural to recognize the spot as peculiarly favored of God.
There is said to be a salt lake in the mountain region of Kurdistan, which was changed from fresh water to salt, by the Apostle Peter, when he first came thither preaching Christianity. He wrought this change so that he could influence the people to accept his teaching through sharing his life by partaking of the salt. To this day the tradition remains, that, if the natives will bathe in that lake, they will renew their faith. Aside from the question of any basis of truth in the legend, it remains as a survival of the primitive idea of a real connection of shared salt with shared life.
A new-born child was at once washed and salted in many primitive cultures. If an Oriental seems lacking in life or wisdom, or is, as we would say, exceptionally "slow," it is said of him, "He wasn't salted when he was born." This idea would seem to be included in the prophet's reproach of Jerusalem: "Neither wast thou washed in water to cleanse thee; thou wast not salted at all, nor swaddled at all."13
A traveler in Asia Minor speaks of the practice among the Turkmans of the mother's dipping a child two or three times into a skin of salt water, at the time of his naming. This would seem to be a primitive rite, and not a Christian one. The father of the child meanwhile eats honeyed cake, and drinks thickened milk, as milk is sometimes accepted by the Arabs as a substitute for salt, as the essential factor in the covenant of salt (the milha).
"There seem to be indications," says W. Robertson Smith,14 "that many primitive peoples regard milk as a kind of equivalent for blood as containing a sacred life. Thus to eat a kid seethed in its mother's milk might be taken as an equivalent to eating 'with the blood,' and be forbidden to the Hebrews15 along with the bloody sacraments of the heathen."
The references of Jesus to salt would seem to have fuller meaning, if "salt" be understood as equivalent to "life." Where he says to his disciples: " Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt has lost its savor, wherewith shall it be salted? it is thenceforth good for nothing, but to be cast out and trodden under foot of men,"16 he would seem to remind them that they are the life of the world, if, indeed, they retain life in themselves. And where he says, "Have salt in yourselves, and be at peace one with another,"17 he would call them to have life in themselves, and to join with others who have it, in making their life to be felt among their fellows.
An utterance attributed to Jesus, though not in the early manuscripts, which has been a puzzle to critics and commentators, possibly has light thrown on it in this view of salt as corresponding with life. Discoursing on life, and the wisdom of striving to attain or to enter into life, even at a loss of much that man might value here on earth, Jesus, according to some manuscripts, said, "For every one shall be salted with fire."18 This sentence is disputed by some, not being found in all the more ancient MSS., and its meaning does not seem to be clear to any.19
It is obvious that whatever else "salted" here means, it does not mean "salted." To salt is to mingle, or to accompany, with salt. Clearly, fire does not do that. The Greek is as vague, or as ambiguous, as the English. There must be a conventional or popular, a figurative or symbolical, meaning in which "salt" is here used. What can this be? "Fire" is here spoken of as the synonym, or equivalent, or parallel, of "salt." In this figure, fire is to accomplish what salt performs; the work of salt is to be done by fire. In what sense can this be true?
Fire does consume and destroy the perishable20 and it does bring out and refine that which is permanent and precious;21 it does try and test and reveal the measure of real value in that which is submitted to it.22 In the testing time, "each man's work shall be made manifest: for the day shall declare it, because it is revealed in fire; and the fire itself shall prove each man's work, of what sort it is. If any man's work shall abide which he built thereon [on the one Foundation], he shall receive a reward. If any man's work shall be burned he shall suffer loss: but he himself [who has built] shall be saved; yet as through fire."23
The whole context of the passage in Mark's Gospel indicates that Jesus is speaking of life. He is showing the way to attain to life. He points to the final testing of life by fire. As salt is shown to correspond with life, and as this seems to have been understood by his hearers, would they not have seen that Jesus was pointing out that the measure of life, or salt, the reminder of God's covenant with his people, in every one of them, would be revealed in the testing of fire?
It is, indeed, because salt represents life, that salt was to accompany every sacrifice under the Jewish dispensation. Not death, but life, was an acceptable offering to God, according to the teachings of the Bible, both in the Old Testament and the New.24
God wants "not yours, but you."25 This was emphasized by priest and prophet in the history of the Jewish people, earlier and later. Paul re-echoed this primal thought when he appealed to Christians: "I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, to present your bodies [yourselves] a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable to God, which is your reasonable service."26 Without salt, without the symbol of life, no sacrifice was to be counted a fitting or acceptable offering at God's altar.
In Oriental and primitive thought Salt and Sun are closely connected, even if they are not considered as identical. They stand together as Life and Light. Their mention side by side in various places tends to confirm this view of their remarkable correspondence. The similarity of their forms accords with the Oriental delight in a play upon words, even apart from the question of any similarity in their meanings.
This would seem to give added significance and force to the words of Jesus as to salt and light. If in the days of Jesus, it was held, as Pliny says, that there was nothing that could help the life of humanity like salt and sun, life and light, the disciples of Jesus must have recognized a peculiar meaning in the teachings of the Great Physician as he sent them out into the world to heal the sick, and raise the dead, and cleanse the lepers, and cast out demons,27 when he suggested that it was what they were, rather than what they did, that was to be the help of humanity. In the same teaching he said, "Ye are the salt of the earth," "Ye are the light of the world."28
The recognized meaning of these words in the days of Jesus intensified their importance at every use of them, as when it was said that "in Him was life; and the life was the light of men." Salt was blood; blood was life; salt was life; life was light; blood and salt and light were life.
Among folk-lore customs on both sides of the ocean, salt and a candle are carried across the threshold on moving in to a new house, as if representing life and light as needs in a new home. Sometimes the Bible also is included, as if in recognition of the true basis of all sacred covenanting.
Salt seems to have been recognized as a vital element in sacrifices both in the teachings of the Bible and in the customs of the pagan world. In the Lord's injunction to Israel, it is said unqualifiedly: "And every oblation of thy meal offering shalt thou sea son with salt; neither shalt thou suffer the salt of the covenant of thy God to be lacking from thy meal offering: with all thine oblations [offerings bloody or unbloody] thou shalt offer salt."
An alternative reading of the words of Jesus in Mark's Gospel refers to this custom when it says that "every sacrifice shall be salted with salt." Josephus, in his "Antiquities of the Jews," makes reference to the large quantities of salt required for sacrifices.29 This corresponds with the provision of the King of Persia for Jewish sacrifices, "salt without prescribing how much,"30 "a limitless or indefinite amount.
In the Hebrew text which the Septuagint translators had before them, salt is represented as always on the table of shewbread, and as an important factor in that memorial offering before the Lord. It reads: "And ye shall put upon the pile [of bread] pure frankincense and salt, and they shall be to the bread for a memorial lying before the Lord."31 Philo Judaeus makes mention of this salt with the bread, on the sacred table in the Holy Place, and refers to the salt as a symbol of perpetuity.32
In the directions for the preparation of the holy incense for use by the priests in the services of the tabernacle, the fragrant gums and spices were to be "seasoned [or tempered together] with salt, pure and holy."33 And this incense was for sacrificial offering.
It is still a custom among strict Jews to observe the rite of the covenant of salt at their family table, before every meal. The head of the house, having invoked the Divine blessing in these words, "Blessed be thou O Lord our God, King of the universe, who causest bread to grow out of the earth," takes bread and breaks it in as many pieces as there are persons present. Having dipped each piece into salt, he hands a portion in turn to everyone, and they share it together. In cases where there is less strictness of ritual observance on the part of modern Jews, this ceremony is limited to the beginning of the Sabbath, at the Friday evening meal.
This might seem to be merely a renewal of the covenant which binds the members of the family to one another and to God; yet it evidently partakes of the nature of a sacrifice, and it is so understood by the more orthodox Jews. The primitive idea of an altar was a table of intercommunion with God, or with the gods. It was thus with the Babylonians, the Assyrians, the Egyptians, the Hindus, the Persians, the Arabs, the early inhabitants of North and South America, and with primitive peoples generally.34 Thus also the Bible would seem to count an altar and a table as synonymous. The prophet Malachi reproaches, in God's name, the Jews for irreverence and sacrilege. "And ye say, Wherein have we despised thy name? Ye offer polluted bread upon mine altar. And ye say, Wherein have we polluted thee? In that ye say, The table of the Lord is contemptible."35
The Talmud emphasizes the home table of the Jew as the altar before the Lord, to be approached in sacrifice with the essential offering of salt. "As long as the Temple existed, the altar effected atonement, and now it is for the table of each man to effect atonement for him. It is for this reason that the description of the altar (in Ezekiel 41: 22) closes by saying, 'And he said unto me, This is the table that is before the Lord.'"36
It would seem, therefore, that bread and salt are as the body and the blood, the flesh and the life, offered in sacrifice at the home table of the Jew, as formerly at the altar of intercommunion with God.37
This view of the household table as an altar has been recognized by many Jews. Picart38 says: "The German Jew sets bread and salt upon his table, but the loaf, if possible, must be whole. He cuts it without making a separation, takes it up with both his hands, sets it down upon the table, and blesses it. His guests answer, Amen. Afterwards he rubs it with salt, and whilst he is eating it, he is as silent as a Carthusian. The bread thus consecrated is distributed to all who are at table. If he drinks wine, he blesses it as he did the bread before; takes it in his right hand, lifts it up, and pronounces the benediction over it; and all other drink, water alone excepted, is consecrated in the same manner. The master of the family concludes with Psalm 23, and then everyone eats what he thinks convenient, without further ceremony. The ceremony of cutting the loaf without separation has the same reason to support it; and a passage from Psalm 10:3 is a voucher for its solidity. The master of the house holds the bread in both his hands, in commemoration of the ten precepts relating to corn; and each ringer is the representative of one of them.39 "The salt as the religious intention of it is typical of the ancient sacrifices. Meat without salt has no savor, which is proved from a passage in Job, chapter 6, verse 6.2 This is civil policy confirmed by religion.
"A modest deportment at table is much recommended; so likewise is temperance and sobriety. Their bread must be kept in a very neat place, and preserved with all imaginary care. They must talk but little, and with discretion at table, because, according to the opinion of the rabbis, the prophet Elijah, and each respective guest's guardian angel, are present at all meals. Whenever that angel hears anything indecent uttered there, he retires, and a wicked one assumes his place. They never throw down bones of flesh or fish upon the ground; but, however, this caution is not the result of cleanliness only, but fear, lest they should hurt any of those invisible beings.40 "The knife that cuts their meat, must never touch what is made of milk;41 whatever, in short, strikes the senses in any manner, must be blessed. They never rise from the table without leaving something for the poor; but the knives must be removed before they return thanks, because it is written, 'Thou shalt set no iron on the altar.' Now a table is the representative of an altar, at saying grace before, or returning thanks after meal."42
That the table was looked at as an altar among ancient peoples, is to be inferred from various proverbs and practices with reference to it. A comment on this is, that as the table was consecrated to God, whatever fell from it was not to be restored, but to be left, as was the gleaning of God's fields, for the poor.43 When the Syrophoenician woman said to Jesus, "Yea, Lord: for even the dogs eat of the crumbs which fall from their masters' table,"44 She spoke in recognition of this primitive truth, that the crumbs from the table might be shared by whoever hungered.
Salt was essential to a sacrifice among the ancient Romans, as among the Hebrews. A cake made of coarsely ground spelt, or wheat, mingled with salt, was broken, or bruised, and sprinkled upon the head of the victim for sacrifice, upon the fire of the altar, and upon the sacrificial knife. Hence the term "immolation," or sprinkling with this salted meal, came to be synonymous with sacrificing.45 Pliny, telling of the priceless value of salt, says of it in conclusion: "It is in our sacred rites, more especially, that its high importance is recognized, no offering ever being made unaccompanied by the salted cake. 46
Wellhausen, in treating of the remains of Arabian paganism,47 tells of the custom of the old priests of throwing salt into the fire of sacrifice, unperceived by the worshiper as he appealed to the gods in his oath, and of the consequent startling of the offerer by the up-leaping flames, as though under a divine impulse. Various popular sayings are cited as incidental proofs of this custom; the purport of them all being that salt in the fires of sacrifice is supposed to be an effective appeal to the gods.
Pliny says that "salt, regarded by itself, is naturally igneous, and yet it manifests an antipathy to fire, and flies from it.48 This would seem to be a reference to the tendency of salt to spring up, or flash and sparkle, when thrown into the flames.
It has indeed been suggested that the very name "salt" was derived (through saltus, "to leap") from the tendency of this substance "to leap and explode when thrown upon fire."49 If there be any probability in this suggestion, or in another, and more natural one, that saltus was from the same root as sal, "salt," it is easy to see that the primitive mind might infer that such was the affinity of salt with the divine, that, when offered by fire, it leaped toward heaven, and so was understood to be peculiarly acceptable to God or to the gods, in sacrifice. The Latin verb salts has the twofold meaning "to salt" or "to sprinkle before sacrifice," and "to leap, spring, bound, jump;" and the root sal would seem to be in the Latin and the Sanskrit alike.50 Similarly, the word "salacious," or lustful, had this origin.
The fact that in its primitive conception a covenant of salt is a permanent and unalterable covenant, naturally suggests to the primitive mind the idea of treachery as faithlessness to salt. The Persian term for a "traitor" is namak haram, "untrue to salt," "one faithless to salt;"51 and the same idea runs through the languages of the Oriental world.
Of course, there is no human bond which will guard human nature against all possible treachery. These references to the measure of fidelity among different peoples or tribes are an indication of the relative degree of faithfulness prevailing among them severally. Those who are faithless to salt cannot be depended on for anything. If a man would not be true to one who is of his own blood, of his own life, and to whom he is bound in a sacred covenant of which his God is a party, he could not be depended on in any emergency. The covenant of salt is all this in the thought of the primitive mind.
It was said by the ancient Jews that Sodom was destroyed because its inhabitants had been faithless to salt, in maltreating guests who had partaken of salt in their city. In a Talmudic comment on Lot's wife, the record is: "Rabbi Isaac asked, 'Why did she become a pillar of salt?' 'Because she had sinned through salt. For in the night in which the men came to Lot she went to her neighbors, and said to them, Give me salt, for we have guests. But her purpose was to make (the evil-minded) people of the city acquainted with the guests. Therefore, was she turned into a pillar of salt.'"52
This idea of foul treachery as equivalent to faithlessness in the matter of salt, seems to be perpetuated in Da Vinci's famous painting of the Last Supper, where Judas Iscariot is represented as having over
turned the salt-cellar.53 And even among English speaking peoples the spilling of salt between two persons is said to threaten a quarrel; as though they had already broken friendship.
In both the Old Testament and the New faithlessness to a formal covenant is reckoned a crime of peculiar enormity as distinct from any ordinary transgression of a specific law. Transgressing a covenant with the Lord is counted on the part of Israel much the same as worshiping the gods of the heathen. This is shown in repeated instances in the Old Testament.54 In the New Testament, Paul includes among the grossest evil-doers of paganism those who are "filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malignity; whisperers, backbiters, hateful to God," and so down to "covenant-breakers," and those "without natural affection," as among the lowest and worst of all.55 This idea shows itself continually in records and traditions, sacred and secular.
And so we find that, in the primitive world's thought, shared salt has preciousness and power because of what it represents and of what it symbolizes, as well as of what it is. Salt stands for and corresponds with, and it symbolizes, blood and life. As such it represents the supreme gift from the Supreme Giver.
Because of the tremendous significance of salt, when it is made use of as the means of a lasting union, the Covenant of Salt, –as a form or phase of the Blood Covenant, is a covenant fixed, permanent, and unchangeable, enduring forever.
Reference Table
1 Numbers 18:19
2 2 Chronicles 13: 5
3 Leviticus 2:13
4 Ezra 4: 14
5 Ezra 6: 8-10
6 Ezra 7: 22
7 Thomson's Through Masai Land, p. 430
8 Genesis 9: 4
9 Price's Mohammedan History, II., 458
10 See Clementine, Homilies, IV. 6; XIII. 8; XIV. 1, 8; XIX. 25, cited in art. "Elkesai" in Smith and Wace's Diet, of Christian Biog.
11 2 Kings 2: 19-22
12 See Kadesh-barnea, p. 36, and note, 298 f
13 Ezekiel 16: 4
14 Relig. of the Sem., p, 204, note; also Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia, pp. 149, 150
15 Exod. 23: 19; 34: 26; Deut. 14: 21
16 Matt. 5: 13; Luke 14: 3
17 Mark 9: 50
18 Mark 9: 49. Comp. A.V. and R.V.
19 See notes and references in Nicoll's Expositors' Greek Testament; Lange's Commentary; Meyer's Commentary, in loco, etc.
20 Genesis 19: 24, 25; Exodus 9: 23, 24; Leviticus 10: 2; 13: 52-57; Matt. 3: 12; 7: 19; Luke 3: 17; John 15: 6,
21 Malachi 3: 2
22 1 Peter 1:7.
23 1 Cor. 3: 13-15.
24 See, "The Blood Covenant" passim.
25 2 Cor. 12: 14.
26 Romans 12:1.
27 Matthew 10:8
28 Matt. 5: 13, 14
29 Antiquities of the Jews, XII, iii, 3
30 Ezra 7: 21, 22
31 Swete's Septuagint at Lev. 24: 7
32 De Victimis, Sect. 3
33 Exod. 30: 34, 35
34 Blood Covenant, pp. 167-190
35 Malachi 1: 6, 7
36 Tract B'rakhoth 55 a., cited by the Rev. Dr. M. Jastrow
37 Blood Covenant, pp. 350-355
38 Ceremonies and Religious Customs of the Various Nations of the Known World, I., 245. London, 1733
39 Buxtorf ex Talmud.
40 Dr. Kohler states that the reason for not throwing these fragments on the ground, is because the Jews would not disgrace what is regarded as a special gift of God.
41 Because meat and milk are never to be eaten together. See p. 62, supra. (Exod. 23: 19; 34: 26; Deut. 14: 21
42 Buxtorf ex Talmud, cap. Xii
43 Lev. 19: 9, 10; Deut. 24: 19-21
44 Matthew 15: 27
45 Harper's Latin Dictionary, s. vv. "Immolate," "Mola"
46 sine mola salso
47 Wellhausen's Reste Arabischen Heidentumes, in Skizzen and Vorar beiten, III., 124, 131
48 Hist. Nat., XXXI., 45
49 See citation of Lennep, and Scheideus, in Richardson's English Dictionary, s. v. "Salt"
50 See Harper's Latin Dictionary, s. w. "sal," "salio," "saltus"
51 Quoted in Burder's Oriental Customs, 2d ed., p. 77
52 Rev. Dr. Marcus Jastrow refers to this in an article on " The Symbolical Meaning of Salt," in The Sunday School Times for April 28, 1894.
53 It has indeed been questioned whether the overturned salt-cellar in Da Vinci's picture, as shown in many an engraving of it, was in the original painting, as it is not to be seen there now. But it would seem clear that the copy of this painting by Da Vinci's pupil, Marco d'Oggoni, in the Brera, shows the overturned salt-cellar, while the original painting has had several retouchings and renovations. (See Notes and Queries, 6th Series, Vol. X., p. 92 f
54 Gen. 17: 14; Deut. 17: 2-7; Josh. 7: 11-15; Judg. 2: 20-23; 2 Kings 18: 11, 12; Psa. 55: 19-21; Isa. 24: 5, 6; Jer. 11: 9-11; 34: 17-20; Hosea 6: 4-7; 8: 1.
55 Romans 1:31


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December 2018
- REGISTER: Tuesday, Dec. 12th NIWRC Webinar "Confidentiality Between Victim Advocates and Survivors in the Tribal Criminal Justice System." This timely and important webinar will discuss the challenges that victim/survivors face as they participate in the tribal judicial system. It will also offer best practices for advocates in understanding and supporting victim confidentiality and privilege. Presented by: Rob (Roberta) Valente, Domestic Violence Policy & Advocacy.
- DOWNLOAD: Women Are Sacred 2019 Monthly Calendar with Awareness Months & Days. The 2019 Women Are Sacred calendar includes awareness months and days reflecting the safety for Native women movement along with beautiful color photographs, artwork and images. Awareness months and days include introductions, definitions and resources on Human Trafficking Awareness Month, National stalking Awareness Month, Teen Dating Violence Awareness Month, Sexual Assault Awareness Month, Child Abuse Prevention Month, National Day of Awareness for Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls, World Elder Abuse Awareness Day, Domestic Violence Awareness Month and International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women. Comes with print instructions.
- WATCH: NIWRC Webinar "Building Girls' Protective Assets in Indian County: Intentional Girl-Centered Program Design." (Sept. 19th) Girl-centered protective asset programs have been shown to help girls in different parts of their lives. These include having greater confidence, lower chances of experiencing sexual assault, better school performance, more health knowledge, and enhanced life planning skills. The webinar will describe how the protective assets approach is being adapted for girls in Indian Country, and how you can join an initiative to help you build such a program in your own community.
January 2019 is National Slavery & Human Trafficking Prevention Month And National Stalking Awareness Month
- DOWNLOAD: Department of Health & Human Services, Administration for Children & Families' Office of Trafficking In Persons and Administration for Native Americans' "Native Youth Toolkit on Human Trafficking-Combating Trafficking" (Nov. 21, 2017). The purpose of this toolkit is to raise awareness and prevent trafficking of Native youth by educating them on what human trafficking is, available resources, safety tips, and ways to get involved in their communities. This resource considers the unique cultural aspects of this issue for Native youth, tying in the fact that trafficking is outside of Native traditions, and encourages youth to speak with tribal Elders in their community. Native resources, such as the National Indigenous Women's Resource Center and Strong Hearts Native Helpline, are also listed as resources for youth to learn more.
- EXPLORE: NIWRC's Online Resource Library for "Sex Trafficking".
- EXPLORE: NIWRC's Online Resource Library for "Stalking".
- JOIN: NIWRC's Mailing List here and be on the lookout in January 2019 for an announcement on the new NIWRC Resource "Sex Trafficking of Native Women As Intimate Partner Violence: An Orientation Manual" by the National Indigenous Women's Resource Center and developed by Alexandra (Sandi) Pierce PHD, Othayonih Research.
February 2019 is Teen Dating Violence Awareness Month
- EXPLORE: The NIWRC's youth project NativeLove page for youth statistics, toolkit for youth and educators, multimedia and more!
- JOIN: NIWRC's Mailing List here and be on the lookout in February 2019 for an announcement on the two new NIWRC Youth Resources "Strong Families Respect Each Other: What Native Youth Need to Know About Domestic Violence" and "Strong Families Respect Each Other: What Native Youth Need To Know About the Connection Between Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence".
- WATCH: Native Youth Voices-NativeLove at Northern Paiute Powwow.


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It's strange to admit now but there was a period of time when I would not touch an avocado. The texture, the taste, the fat… all a major turn-off. But then I magically started to accept it when it was delivered along side my tacos or fajitas. Slowly, I began to request a side of it. This love for the lovely avocado transformed, one could say blossomed, until I was making my own guacamole and eating slices of avocado on just about everything.
Now the 'butter pear' and I get along nicely. I pick several up on a weekly basis and incorporate them into so many meals. It's become a staple in salads, tacos, eggs, in soups, and so many other dishes, but guacamole holds a special places in my heart. While I have my moments when I want to stuff my face with oreos, I am a SALT person. Our go to snack now is corn tortilla chips and some salsa and guac for dipping.
The key to enjoying an avocado is its ripeness. I often struggle with getting ripe avocados since they are not always rip in the store, therefore I suggest to {attempt to} plan out your menu for the week so you can pick up some not yet ripe avocados to enjoy later on. I find that the easiest ways in telling how ripe an avocado is by it's 1) color and 2) feel. The light green skin coloring indicates that the avocado needs more time to ripen, but as the skin darkens the avocado is more ripe. Giving avocados a gentle squeeze also lets you know how ripe it is, the softer the avocado, the riper it is. I always try to use ones that are dark, but not entirely black, and have a slight give to them when pressed.
Guacamole4 avocados 1 dry pint of grape tomatoes, diced 1/2 medium red onion, diced small handful of cilantro, diced 1/2 a jalapeno, minced *optional* 1 1/2 limes salt and pepper
Combine tomatoes, onion, cilantro, and jalapeno together.
Halve avocados, remove seeds, score avocados with knife, scoop out avocado with large spoon.
Add avocado to tomato mixture.
While mixing, squeeze the limes over the guacamole. Add salt and pepper to taste.
Thanks for visiting. Please leave me a comment to provide some feedback. I appreciate all the comments I receive.


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On this week's episode, our dynamic trio cover a number of topics including NASA's Juno probe flyby of Jupiter, recent flash flooding, weather twitter, a rogue ice berg, and the upcoming solar eclipse.
Music: This week's outro music was "I Feel the Earth Move Under My Feet" by Carol King.
Sponsors: This week's episode is sponsored by Audible. You can get a free audiobook download and a 30 day free trial at audibletrial.com/icestationhousman. With over 180,000 titles to choose from, you wont have difficulty in finding something you'll enjoy. Thanks for your support.
One of the biggest icebergs in recorded history just broke loose from Antarctica
Arizona flash flood sweeps away family relaxing in swimming hole, killing 9
Juno's Great Red Spot pics are amazing! Here are some fun facts about Jupiter's giant storm.


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When working on its residential and light commercial roofing projects, the DCM Roofing team uses the appropriate scaffolding required in accordance with current Health & Safety legislation and Best Practice guidelines.
We also hire out a range of scaffolding products. Hire fees include delivery and installation. Our team prides itself on its exceptional, fast service; competitive pricing; outstanding workmanship and prompt delivery to site.
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Contact us today to see how we can help with your scaffolding needs.


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Today we're sharing with you three of the best defense stocks to buy now. Each of these stocks is up over 15% so far this year and poised for more gains in 2017…
What makes each of these stocks so attractive is that they tie into what our Chief Investment Strategist Keith Fitz-Gerald calls an "Unstoppable Trend." A controversial but profitable one of these trends is "war."
War is ugly, but in today's world it's a fact of life. Given our current political climate and the state of conflicts already underway across the globe, it is an undeniable fact of life.
The good news is that all three of our top defense stocks focus on calming the worst conflicts and even preventing further destruction. And we'll share these stocks with you in just a moment.
But first, here's why it's a smart move to invest in defense stocks…
Why Defense Stocks Are a Good Investment
If investing in war is a conscience issue for you, set that aside for one moment and consider a couple of key facts.
For one, military spending as an industry has now reached almost $2 trillion annually. This equates to about $250 for every person on the planet.
When we look at the countries that spend military dollars, there's no contest for the leader…
The United States accounts for 37% of the world's total military spending, according to figures from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. To reach this level, you'd have to combine the spending of China, Saudi Arabia, Russia, the UK, India, France, and Japan – the next largest spenders.
Fitz-Gerald makes several important points about war and why it's an Unstoppable Trend. Chief among them are that war and defense spending are tied to natural resources, which has become a primary global issue today. Another is that, as our chance of conflict increases, the nature of war changes. What we think of as "war" today could be a very different occurrence in the future. That means that countries will always want the latest and greatest military technology and equipment.
Since the presidential election, our three defense stock picks have hit all-time highs. And they have plenty more growth in 2017…
Check them out now…
Best Defense Stocks to Buy Now No. 3: Lockheed Martin Corp.
Lockheed Martin Corp. (NYSE: LMT) is one of the world's top defense companies, and the stock has strong long-term potential.
The company is a partner in the lucrative F-35 market, where it will produce as many as 3,100 of the jets by 2035. Last year, Lockheed purchased Sikorsky Aircraft, the helicopter producer, for $9 billion, which is already bringing it a return on its investment.
Lockheed's Sikorsky division is currently working on an advanced landing technology called Aerial Reconfigurable Embedded Systems (ARES). The program has been underwritten by the government's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and will be worth a fortune in new contracts once off the ground.
Don't Miss: How to Make a Killing… When Everyone Else Is Panicking
Just this week, the U.S. Air Force awarded Lockheed a $67 million contract. Lockheed will provide spares for the Royal Saudi Air Force's F-15 sensor suite.
LMT's most recently quarterly earnings (Q3) were $11.6 billion. LMT is trading at $251.61 with shares up 16% YTD. The company's annualized dividend payout is $7.28 with a 2.89% yield.
The mean target price for LMT stock is $273 per share, per FactSet, with about half rating the stock as a "Buy."
Best Defense Stocks to Buy Now No. 2: Raytheon Co.
If you want to buy defense stocks, you can't go wrong with defense giant Raytheon Co. (NYSE: RTN). Raytheon is a commercial and government contractor that specializes in defense, security, and electronics.
Raytheon's top segments, which are Missile Systems (MS) and Integrated Defense Systems (IDS), bring in revenue of over $20 billion each year.
In Q3, Raytheon's IDS segment won a $265 million contract with a U.S. ally for its Patriot Air and Missile Defense Systems. IDS also has a new $94 million contract with the U.S. Navy to produce a radar program.
In just the past week, Raytheon has been awarded a $9 million contract with DARPA to work on systems to prevent cyberattacks against the nation's power grid. The company also received a $25 million contract from the U.S. Air Force for its Griffin A Block/III missiles.
Raytheon does a lot of work outside the United States as well. It's currently in talks with Poland over a potential $5 billion missile defense contract. Raytheon also profits from military spending in Israel, which has had a boost thanks to a recent $38 billion pledge from the Obama administration.
According to FactSet, a majority of analysts (74%) rate Raytheon stock as a "Buy." RTN is trading at $143.26 per share. RTN's average target price is $159 per share, and its dividend yield is 1.98%.
Best Defense Stocks to Buy Now No. 1: Northrup Grumman Corp.
Northrup Grumman Corp. (NYSE: NOC) is one of the best defense stocks that you can buy today. The company is a leader in both cybersecurity and aircraft measures for our country's military and intelligence services.
Northrup recently landed the largest military contract in history for its next-gen long-range bomber, the B-21 Raider. Each plane could cost as much as $550 million, and the Department of Defense wants 80 to 100 of them, which equates to a $55 billion to $80 billion deal.
Northrup is also a leader in drone production. The company has just revealed a "tailsitter" drone that can land on small deck ships, effectively turning them into aircraft carriers. These air systems can be used for surveillance as well as weapons delivery.
Northrup's Aerospace Systems division is working with Lockheed on systems for the F-35 program, which has helped contribute to a 16.7% boost in third-quarter profits.
Northrup's revenue in 2015 was $10 billion, and the company has already passed its mean target price of $245 per share for 2016. NOC is currently trading at $245.99, with shares up 30.19% YTD.
NOC also pays a healthy dividend of $3.60 per year with a current yield of 1.46%.
Up Next
When it comes to making money in the market, "getting in" early – before a stock begins to make its decisive move – is the single biggest factor to your success as an investor.
Quickly buying Apple after the June 2013 sell-off, for instance, could have doubled your money. Moving on Valeant the same day we recommended our big "negative bet" against it would've booked you a remarkably fast 700% return.
That's why we've introduced Money Morning Profit Alerts. This new, free service lets you choose what investing areas you want to follow – and makes sure you get alerted to news from that sector as soon as we publish it. It means no more waiting. No more searching. No more missing out. It's easy to get started – just go here.
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Blue Ridge Industries in Winchester, VA is looking for references for a good, well-managed contract plastics painting company (preferably in the Mid-Atlantic region or Midwest) for potential 2019 work and teaming arrangements. If you are a plastics paint shop or can recommend one, please contact:
Adam Noble
Manufacturing and Engineering Manager
540-662-3900 x276
Details (plastic type, annual volumes, schedules) will be provided to viable candidates.
MAPP members have access to post on the forum and must be logged in to post. Questions? Please contact email@example.com.
Mid-Atlantic Plastics Painter Companies
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Re: Mid-Atlantic Plastics Painter Companies
Adam, I just sent your request to Paul and Scott Saddler of Screen Tech Designs; they hjave been involved with MAPP for over 20 years and may be able to help you. http://www.stdesigns.com/
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Water as a Key Factor of Human Development in Kazakstan
The NHDR 2003 provides a comprehensive analysis of the water situation in Kazakhstan and will serve as a foundation of Government as well as NGOs and private sector's actions. Regional development studies and MDGRs have revealed that water plays a key role in Kazakhstan's human development. As 55% of national water needs are satisfied by rivers crossing Kazakhstan and its neighboring nations, water may affect not only the country's internal security but also the overall economic development of Central Asia, China and Russia. The next NHDR analyzes not only the impact of water on people's health and environment, but also all other dimensions of "human development and security": poverty, demography and economic activities, along regional, urban-rural and gender lines. With a view to leading national decision makers towards sustainable water management for HD, the report elaborates a comprehensive strategy and includes recommendations for its implementation.


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Hey everyone!
First, I would like to apologize for the lack of content, 2017 was one hell of a year. It wasn't terrible, it wasn't fantastic–it just was. A lot of stuff happened to us too. Jill got a new teaching job and got engaged. I studied at a lab in Jamaica for a month, graduated college, and lived the horrors of working retail during the holiday season. Not only that, but some of us have lost friends and family too. 2017 was a year of ups and downs, and I'm not even mentioning any of the politics that went with it, but it wasn't the worst year in history either. Sorry, I'm getting a bit side tracked. I just wanted to apologize for the lack of promised content and give a brief explanation to the missing posts. I'm not promising that this year will be any better, because this site is for fun–it's a hobby that we partake in when we have the time and mental facilities to do so.
With the new year, we would like to do more with this site if we can. We hope to be more regular with our posting schedule. So, as long as we have the time, there should be at least 2 posts a week if not more. Every Monday a manga review will be posted and every Wednesday a comic review will go up. Beyond that, we hope to get a book review out every week or two. We know that we still have many books that we haven't gotten to yet, so we will focus on knocking those out first. We're sorry for all the authors who have waited thus far and thank you for your patience.
As far as content goes, I personally hope to read at least one nonfiction book a month, personally I would like to read more scientific literature to broaden my understanding of the world. I also hope to better alternate between reading books from my laughably large TBR pile and requested books. It would also be great if we could get more author interviews or guest posts. So if you're an author looking for some free publicity, then please by all means contact us via email and we'll be happy to work with you!
Lastly, we hope that all our readers, and everyone else, are blessed this year with numerous fantastic opportunities. May 2018 bring you luck and prosperity, and maybe a little bit more cheer!
Thank you for sticking with us,
Jessica and Jill