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Hepatitis C — What You Need to Know
More people in the United States now die from hepatitis C each year than from AIDS, according to a new report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. More than 3.2 million Americans are currently infected with hepatitis C and the really bad news is that most people who have it don't' know it.
Let's start with a definition.
According to the Mayo Clinic Hepatitis C is an infection caused by a virus that attacks the liver and leads to inflammation. Most people infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) have no symptoms. In fact, most people don't know they have the hepatitis C infection until liver damage shows up, decades later, during routine medical tests.
Hepatitis C is one of several hepatitis viruses and is generally considered to be among the most serious of these viruses. Hepatitis C is passed through contact with contaminated blood. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hepatitis-c/DS00097
According to the U.S. Centers For Disease Control (CDC) http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/c/cfaq.htm Hepatitis C is most commonly spread through the use of infected needles. Before 1992, when widespread screening of the blood supply began in the United States, Hepatitis C was also commonly spread through blood transfusions and organ transplants. Now we know that people can become infected with the Hepatitis C virus during such activities as
- Sharing needles, syringes, or other equipment to inject drugs
- Needlestick injuries in health care settings
- Being born to a mother who has Hepatitis C
Less commonly, a person can also get Hepatitis C virus infection through
- Sharing personal care items that may have come in contact with another person's blood, such as razors or toothbrushes
- Having sexual contact with a person infected with the Hepatitis C virus
***Note, the Executive Director at HCVets.com, Tricia Lupole, indicates that the CDC information may be incorrect. She made this comment on our Facebook page.
"HCV by sex is a risk if both partners experience trauma and exchange blood…. the only cells found is seminal fluids are dead cells…. confirmed by many microbiologist. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15128350 There are 100s of studies that show this is the case but it is junk science that reins control of the message to control the funding. Lots of plans to make HCV the fall guy for bad behavior."
In a second post she went on to say, "Yes, the CDC has quoted the same statement for about 15-20 years now. The study I posted is based on the CDC National Survey. Another sad point, last I checked. Even though we all know better the CDC says that there is not enough evidence to show tattoos are a risk factor.
AMA does not want to regulate tattoo parlors as medical procedures because they are responsible for guidance/ prevention. (The task has been given to OSHA).
Today Ms. Lupole issued this statement:
The Centers for Disease Control federal funding has decreased in recent decades, while there's been increased demands for vaccination programs; resulting in limited resources for at-risk adults and other mandated priorities. The categorical nature of federal funding for HIV, STD, and viral hepatitis prevention limits the shifting of funds across program lines. In response to these funding woes, the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention's (NCHHSTP) captured HCV disease and redesign public health services to fit HIV programs, instead of critical public health needs. It's important to note that HCV disease was previously integrated into federal research that included its viral family called Flaviviridae, whose members are Yellow Fever and Dengue viruses and transmit disease through mosquitoes. The HCV genome is almost identical to Dengue virus.
NCHHSTP's Federal mandate is an integration of existing programs with new programs, like Viral Hepatitis, developed to mirror HIV/AIDS management model based on specific risks and disease pathology. STD and Substance Abuse programs associated with the spread of HIV/AIDS received increased attention and funding, blurring the other components of these programs.
Needless to say, NCHHSTP has meet with resistance from advocates and congressional leaders, because of this effort by public health agencies to narrowly define HCV's pathology.
Today, NCHHSTP spends half the federal resources acquired for HCV to vaccinate patients with both Hepatitis A & B vaccines. The majority of remaining resources are directed at drug and STD intervention and prevention. The STD division must qualify for its share of funding by defining HCV a sexually transmitted disease.
Despite scientific proof that HCV is not an STD, NCHHSTP promotes HCV as an STD based on a handful of studies that bring about scientific uncertainty, working against broader public health threats. Research excluded several methods by which the virus transmits to insure standard elements comply with CDC corporate agreement requirements. Thus… junk science.
Such actions suggests this poor public health response to the HCV Disease epidemic, may be the direct result of a system in disarray – seemingly captured by special interest with legal and political agendas that have negatively influenced the response. The integration approach has created disparities in access to health care and created "social labels" that have fostered discrimination, responsible for the reduction in quality of life.
The enduring legacy of "junk science" and indifference of governments, nonprofits, advocates, political parties or economic elites, have grave and global consequences given the propensity for viral transmission in provider settings as seen in current headlines.
FY 2012 Hepatitis C transmission and prevention: latest news. Massive increase of hepatitis C incidence in HIV-positive gay men in Switzerland 30 August 2012 …http://www.aidsmap.com/Hepatitis-C-transmission-and-prevention/cat/1628/
• FY 2008- No evidence of a HCV epidemic in HIV negative gay men
Dr Turner et al. Data from attendees at a London GUM clinic suggest that there is no increase in HCV infections amongst HIV negative gay men.
• FY 2007- Injection Behavior, Not Sexual Contact, Accounts for Couples' HCV Risk NEW YORK (Reuters Health) – Injection behavior, rather than sexual contact, accounts for the clustering of HCV virus (HCV) infection in heterosexual couples, according to a report in the June 1st issue of The Journal of Infectious Diseases.
• FY 2004 No Evidence of Sexual Transmission of HCV among Monogamous Couples: Results of a 10-Year Prospective Study The risk of sexual transmission of HCV virus (HCV) infection was evaluated among 895 monogamous heterosexual partners of HCV chronically infected individuals in a long-term prospective study, which provided a follow-up period of 8,060 person-years.
Either way, CDC or not…. junk science remains junk science. Wish the outcry would focus on piercing jewelry or the reuse of razors and personal care items verses a national message about a method that is least as likely as not. This battle over CDC junk science, goes way back and is in memory of many who passed HCV on to family members, while sacrificing pleasures of the mind, body, and soul. As you can imagine, sexual transmission is a constant worry for some. Their partner may catch/transmit this deadly virus through sex, protection or not….. yet… turn right around and share razors and other items as such. Especially the economically depressed populations."
Most recently, though, we've identified another way people may become infected and through no fault of their own. Recently in a New Hampshire hospital an employee who was a drug addict and who also had Hepatitis C was found to be injecting himself with filled syringes meant for patients, refilling the syringes with a harmless liquid non-pain killer and then replacing the needles and syringes on the tray to be used again. Below is one of the original stories on this 2012 incident.
'Serial infector' accused of spreading hepatitis at NH hospital
U.S. Attorney's Office | ASSOCIATED PRESS
CONCORD, N.H. — Authorities in at least six states are investigating whether a traveling hospital technician accused of infecting 30 people with hepatitis C in New Hampshire also exposed earlier patients to the liver-destroying disease.
David Kwiatkowski, a former technician at Exeter Hospital, was arrested Thursday morning at a Massachusetts hospital where he was receiving treatment. Once he is well enough to be released, he will be transferred to New Hampshire to face federal drug charges, said U.S. Attorney John Kacavas, who called Kwiatkowski, 33, a "serial infector" who worked in at least half a dozen states.
Authorities believe Kwiatkowski stole drugs from a hospital operating room in another state, but they declined to name any of the other states, saying only that they are not clustered in one part of the country. They would not say in what hospital Kwiatkowski was being treated at so he couldn't be contacted for comment.
This story brought new attention to hospital policies on infection control, narcotics control and patient safety and has had ripple effects across the nation if not around the world.
So…the next question is, how serious is hepatitis C? Chronic Hepatitis C is a serious disease that can result in long-term health problems, including liver damage, liver failure, liver cancer, or even death. It is the leading cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer and the most common reason for liver transplantation in the United States. Approximately 15,000 people die every year from Hepatitis C related liver disease.
What are the long-term effects of Hepatitis C?
Of every 100 people infected with the Hepatitis C virus, about
- 75–85 people will develop chronic Hepatitis C virus infection; of those,
- 60–70 people will go on to develop chronic liver disease
- 5–20 people will go on to develop cirrhosis over a period of 20–30 years
- 1–5 people will die from cirrhosis or liver cancer
The CDC strongly suggests that all baby boomers born since 1945 should get tested for Hepatitis C. http://tinyurl.com/8tg28x6Baby boomers account for 2 million of the 3.2 million Americans infected with the blood-borne liver-destroying virus. CDC officials believe the new measure could lead 800,000 more boomers to get treatment and could save more than 120,000 lives.
"The CDC views hepatitis C as an unrecognized health crisis for the country, and we believe the time is now for a bold response," said Dr. John W. Ward, the CDC's hepatitis chief.
Several developments drove the CDC's push for wider testing, he said. Recent data has shown that from 1999 and 2007, there was a 50 percent increase in the number of Americans dying from hepatitis C-related diseases. Also, two drugs hit the market last year that promise to cure many more people than was previously possible.
What are the Symptoms of Hepatitis C?
Here's what WEBMD says. http://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/hepc-guide/hepatitis-c-symptoms
Most people who are infected with hepatitis C-even people who have been infected for a while-usually don't have symptoms.
If symptoms do develop, they may include:
- Fatigue.
- Joint pain.
- Belly pain.
- Itchy skin.
- Sore muscles.
- Dark urine.
- Jaundice, a condition in which the skin and the whites of the eyes look yellow.
A hepatitis C infection can cause damage to your liver (cirrhosis). If you develop cirrhosis, you may have:
- Redness on the palms of your hands caused by expanded small blood vessels.
- Clusters of blood vessels just below the skin that look like tiny red spiders and usually appear on your chest, shoulders, and face.
- Swelling of your belly, legs, and feet.
- Shrinking of the muscles.
- Bleeding from enlarged veins in your digestive tract, which is called variceal bleeding.
- Damage to your brain and nervous system, which is called encephalopathy. This damage can cause symptoms such as confusion and memory and concentration problems.
What Treatment is Available?
So if you have Hepatitis C, then what? There are a number of options and there might even be a cure before too long. Standard state of the art treatment today for Hepatitis C is with Peginterferon and Ribavirin which achieves a "sustained response" up to 54% of people, which means that the virus has been eliminated from their blood after stopping treatment. People with hepatitis C types 2 and 3 have sustained response rates of about 80%; people with type 1 have rates of up to 50%.
While hepatitis C treatment has come a long way, there are still drawbacks. For a person who's newly diagnosed, a 54% cure rate may not sound great. After all, it means that about one out of two people won't respond to treatment.
Also, hepatitis C treatment is less effective in some populations. For reasons that no one understands yet, African-Americans are less likely to benefit from treatment. And the treatments may not be safe for people with other medical conditions — such as kidney failure, heart disease, or pregnancy. Interferon can also be expensive; according to the American Academy of Family Physicians, it can cost $6,000 per year. http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=52451
It is important to note again, that while liver transplants can be very helpful to Hepatitis C patients, the procedure is not a cure but rather a delaying action and an effective one. There is some evidence that a transplant from a living donor to a patient who has been receiving the Interferon treatment could represent a cure. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3kOElXz0vVg
A Possible Medicinal Cure
Gilead Science is performing multiple studies to test an experimental drug, but the trial that is possibly the most intriguing looks at a combination therapy that rolls two medicines into a single pill. Gilead hopes to advance tests of its lead hepatitis drug GS-7977 in a combination with another company medicine, GS-5885.
Bristol Myers Squibb had a promising drug but clinical trials resulted in some negative results so the company has sent the project back to the drawing board. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/business/bristol-myers-ends-work-on-hepatitis-c-drug.html?_r=2&
Finally, Gilead Sciences, mentioned earlier, has a drug that combined with another from Bristol Myers Squibb could be a cure, at least clinical trials seem to offer that indication but the two companies, according to Hepatitis C activist Margaret Dudley can't seem to cooperate. She is circulating a petition to get the "cure" on the market. http://hepc-cured.com/
October is National Liver Awareness month. We hope you have found these blogs helpful and offer these links for further information.
http://tinyurl.com/92bjlup U.S. Government Link
Bob Aronson of Bob's Newheart is a 2007 heart transplant recipient, the founder of Facebook's nearly 2,500 member Organ Transplant Initiative and the author of most of these donation/transplantation blogs.
You may comment in the space provided or email your thoughts to me at firstname.lastname@example.com. And – please spread the word about the immediate need for more organ donors. There is nothing you can do that is of greater importance. If you convince one person to be an organ and tissue donor you may save or positively affect over 60 lives. Some of those lives may be people you know and love.
Please view our video "Thank You From the Bottom of my Donor's heart" on http://www.organti.org This video was produced to promote organ donation so it is free and no permission is needed for its use.
If you want to spread the word personally about organ donation, we have another PowerPoint slide show for your use free and without permission. Just go to http://www.organti.org and click on "Life Pass It On" on the left side of the screen and then just follow the directions. This is NOT a stand-alone show; it needs a presenter but is professionally produced and factually sound. If you decide to use the show I will send you a free copy of my e-book, "How to Get a Standing "O" that will help you with presentation skills. Just write to firstname.lastname@example.com and usually you will get a copy the same day.
Also…there is more information on this blog site about other donation/transplantation issues. Additionally we would love to have you join our Facebook group, Organ Transplant Initiative The more members we get the greater our clout with decision makers.


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If you want to hear it from Dr. Townsend herself, you have that opportunity at the Flowood Rotary Club on Tuesday, January 17, 2017, noon at Table 100. She will speak on the bond issue. I'm sure she will be making herself available quite a bit as we approach the vote.
Final Bond Issue Proposal 1-11-2017 by usmjacksonalum on Scribd

subset: commoncrawl


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Craigslist lets you create posts seeking to buy or sell items, or post information about a good or service you offer. As a result, the website can be ideal for marketing your small business, find employees, find furniture or office equipment, and more. You can view a list of all the past posts you've created on Craigslist in the Your Postings section associated with your account. Within this section, you can see if a posting has expired, and if so, you'll have the option to re-post it and make it active again.
Step 1
Log in to your Craigslist account.
Step 2
Click "My Account" on the Craigslist home page.
Step 3
Select the "Your Postings" tab and then click "All" in the Your Postings section. All of the postings you've ever created on Craigslist appear.


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An Aiken man is dead after authorities say he was crushed by a tree that he was attempting to cut down.
Thomas Shealy, 73, of Aiken, died at 2:14 p.m. Thursday at his home after the tree fell on top of him, Aiken County Coroner Tim Carlton said. He died from multiple body trauma.
Shealy was discovered by his wife, who was helping him with yard work. The incident happened about 12:45 p.m.
A neighbor and a local landscaper were able to remove Shealy from beneath the tree, but to no avail, Carlton said.


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Back when the first George Bush invaded Iraq the first time, classes were interrupted at BOCES, where I had worked as a psychologist for nearly 20 years, and students were invited down to the cafeteria to watch "history in the making" broadcast live on wide-screen TV, with little or no discussion or debate before or after.
Back when the first George Bush invaded Iraq the first time, classes were interrupted at BOCES, where I had worked as a psychologist for nearly 20 years, and students were invited down to the cafeteria to watch "history in the making" broadcast live on wide-screen TV, with little or no discussion or debate before or after.
But when our first black president wishes to bring a message of hope to the young, he has gone too far; he has crossed the line! We begin to hem and haw, we equivocate and demur, we censor and spin and filter his words, and we let ourselves be cowed by the loudest, bullying voices of our sickest, most twisted citizens.
If the message is more and more war, we pour it into the impressionable minds of our children like untreated sludge. Eisenhower tried to warn us about the military-industrial complex and the lunatic fringe, but nobody was listening. Look in the mirror, America! You have become your own worst enemy.
Dr. Edward P. Fisher
Pine Bush
Though I come to the opposite conclusion on the issue, I agree with the recent letter writers who argued that health care is fundamentally a moral issue. Given that, how does a complete stranger's need for medical care translate into a moral obligation for me to provide it?
The fact of the matter is that no such obligation exists. What I earn through my own effort belongs to me, not to anyone and everyone who might need it. The opposing view clearly demonstrates the basic ethical problem with universal health-care coverage. That problem is the fact that it turns an individual into a means to an end rather than treating him as an end in himself.
I (and by extension the product of my labor, which is my property) am not a tool to be used in the pursuit of society's "greater good." The very idea is an assault on human dignity that should be obvious to anyone reading this. I am responsible for my own life and I take that responsibility seriously.
The fact that others may choose to shift the responsibility for their lives to me does not mean that I am under any obligation to accept that burden.
Brett Donner
Yes, it's a fact that according to the political party you align yourself with, there are shows that cater to your political preferences. For example, I consider myself an independent with a strong conservative leaning, so while I definitely favor Fox News, I watch all news channels.
Let's be clear. If you consider yourself a conservative, you will watch Fox News, and if you're a liberal, you'll be watching MSNBC and CNN simply because these shows know who their viewers are and share their political leanings.
I counter that MSNBC and CNN have lost credibility as a trusted news source after completely ignoring huge political stories that reflect poorly on Democrats: Van Jones, ACORN's widespread national corruption, the Sept. 12 march on the Capitol, portrayed in a biased manner by MSNBC and CNN as a racist event (Oppose Obama? You're racist!), purely because they openly have a lovefest with Obama and his administration. There are no longer ANY news shows that report on factual events without a slant.
When you say Glenn Beck and O'Reilly should have disclaimers, I say Olbermann (crazy) and Maddow (loony) should then have the same disclaimers — this could go on all day.
Catherine O'Brien
As a subscriber to the Times Herald-Record, I am stunned that the tremendous scandal involving taxpayer-funded ACORN has to date been completely ignored.
Over the last week, cable news has reported that employees of four ACORN offices in Baltimore, Washington, Brooklyn and San Bernardino, Calif., have encouraged housing for prostitution, involving sex trafficking of minors. As a result, the Senate has voted overwhelmingly to deny housing and community grant funding to the organization and the Census Bureau has cut ties with ACORN.
Our paper reported on the Census Bureau story (Sunday, page 33), mentioning only the negative publicity regarding its prior involvement in voter registration fraud. Notable is the fact that criminal investigations are pending in 14 states against this organization, which is slated to receive up to $8 billion from taxpayers.
If published, this letter may be the first time some readers learn these facts. Is it too much to expect that a news publication report in an unbiased and factual manner on a national corruption scandal with vast implications for all Americans? Why would a credible newspaper withhold news it is ethically bound to report?
Linda Geissler


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Products should be returned in or with any original packaging. We will arrange with you for cancelled non-perishable goods to be returned to us, at your cost, and we will credit your payment card with the price of such goods within a reasonable period from the day on which cancellation was given (provided payment has already been debited to your payment card).
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You are responsible for making suitable arrangements to receive your delivery and giving us appropriate instructions. In the event that your delivery is stolen from your doorstep or damaged while there, we do not accept liability, and will offer compensation at our discretion. We reserve the right to refuse to accept orders from any customer; considerations of delivery problems may give rise to such a refusal.
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Please inspect the Products as soon as possible after delivery and notify us promptly if you find any defects, by mailing us on firstname.lastname@example.com. We will replace or refund you for defective Products. Otherwise our liability is limited.
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Customer should be acutely aware of the potential allergens contained in our produce and carefully read all labels before consuming any produce.
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Subsurface characterization at ground failure sites in adapazari, Turkey (ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA, 2004-07)Ground failure in Adapazari, Turkey during the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake was severe. Hundreds of structures settled, slid, tilted. and collapsed due in pail to liquefaction and ground softening. Ground failure was more severe ...


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Customer Testimonials*
I always have a wonderful experience in your office! I am so happy whenever I get a glimpse of myself in a mirror and that "turkey neck" is no longer there!
* The testimonials featured on our website have been provided by actual patients of our practice, and are meant to highlight the best outcomes of our services. These testimonials are not to be perceived as a guarantee that all patients will experience the same results, or that the experiences described are typical.


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|I garnished my bowl with a pretty curly piece of of bacon and some parsley flakes.
|This is an actual chunky "baked" in your oven baked potato soup.
Another super easy dish to get you through this busy week before Christmas. This taste extra good on a cold night. Now let me tell you a little secret, this home cook hates pealing potatoes, probably because as a child I was my mom's little sue chef that always got stuck with potato pealing duty. Don't worry, if you are like me and hate pealing and chopping veggies, this soup is made with a frozen bag of Potatoes O' Brien with peppers and onions in the mix. Now of course if you have leftover potatoes after the holiday that you would like to use up, you could make your own Potatoes O' Brien mix with a little extra prep time.
Depending on portion size, this could be a cup of soup side dish, or a large bowl as I enjoyed for dinner last night with my husband who had a second helping, he was so pleased. If you want this to go from a chunky soup to a baked scalloped potato recipe, easy, just reduce milk from 2 1/2 cups to 3/4 a cup or maybe a little more, depending on how thick you like your scalloped potatoes. From main course to side, no matter how you choose to do it, you can't go wrong with potatoes, bacon, and cheese.


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Al-Mustafa Welfare society is a group of the well reputed NGOs of the country striving for community welfare and development at national level. These are registered under various registration laws including the Voluntary Social Welfare Agencies Registration and Control Ordinance, 1961, Societies Registration Act 1860 etc.
|Mission Statement
To work for the progress and development of the common people focusing on health and capacity building through establishing institutions, community development center, vocational training centers, industrial homes and women self-employment schemes including creating an awareness of their civic and economic rights and responsibilities.
AMWS vision is to rebuild Pakistan as an ideological, progressive enlightened and welfare-oriented Islamic State as originally conceived by its creators so as to develop an educated and a balance Society in Pakistan based on Islamic values of moderation, peace, tolerance, mutual respect, equality and justice, honesty and transparency, and solidarity with the poor and marginalized people.
AMWS is an independent, broad based, non-profit, non-partisan and non-governmental community welfare organization, registered under Societies Registration Act XXI of 1960 with headquarters at Islamabad. It is operating in many urban and rural areas of Pakistan.
1. Provide relief from sickness and in particular to those effected by drought, flood and diseases by the provision of assistance and treatment including medicine.
2. Information dissemination and human resource development through training, seminars, workshops and conferences.
The AMWS is targeting through its following programs:
|Social Services Program
This is most important program of the AWMS. The main objectives of this program are:
1. To provide relief from sickness any where in the country.
2. To reach in the natural disasters affected areas for helping people.
3. To arrange medical camps for shelter, food and treatment.
4. To provide training and technical assistance to the needy groups and their workers for effective accomplishment of their targets within stipulated period.
5. To suggest appropriate social security measures for the most vulnerable and marginalized groups of society like women, children, senior citizens and religious service providers.
|Knowledge Dissemination Program
This program focuses on knowledge sharing and dissemination. The main objectives of this program are:
1. Create an effective demand through among masses at all the level for a noble and meaningful life and take all necessary measures to meet this demand through advocacy, capacity building, public campaign and other intellectual endeavors etc.
2. Mainstreaming of individual religious service providers and institutes i.e. Mosques, Deeni Madrasas and Khanqah and reshape them as real centers of sustainable social reforms and constructive changes through capacity building, advocacy and community participation.
|Capacity Building Program
Human resource development is carried out through organizing, trainings, seminars, workshop and conference. The main objectives of this program are:
1. To develop technical and managerial capacity of social workers and educational and welfare institution and other affiliated organizations.
2. To alleviate secretarial and communal violence through dialogue and positive mutual interaction and create harmony among different sections of society.
|The main areas in which AMWS is interested are as follows:
|Relief / Social Services:
|Skill / Human Development:
|Research & Development:
|Advocacy/Public Awareness


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PURPOSE: There is a debate whether interval or traditional endurance training is the most effective stimulus of mitochondrial biogenesis. Here, we compared the effects of acute interval exercise (IE) or continuous exercise (CE) on the muscle messenger RNA (mRNA) content for several genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and lipid metabolism. METHODS: Nine sedentary subjects cycled for 90 min with two protocols: CE (at 67% VO2max) and IE (12 s at 120% and 18 s at 20% of VO2max). The duration of exercise and work performed with CE and IE was identical. Muscle biopsies were taken before and 3 h after exercise. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two exercise protocols in the increases in VO2 and HR, the reduction in muscle glycogen (35%-40% with both protocols) or the changes in blood metabolites (lactate, glucose, and fatty acids). The mRNA content for major regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha), PGC-1-related coactivator, PPARbeta/delta] and of lipid metabolism [pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 4 (PDK4)] increased after exercise, but there was no significant difference between IE and CE. However, the mRNA content for several downstream targets of PGC-1alpha increased significantly only after CE, and mRNA content for nuclear respiratory factor 2 was significantly higher after CE (P < 0.025 vs IE). CONCLUSIONS: The present findings demonstrate that, when the duration of exercise and work performed is the same, IE and CE influence the transcription of genes involved in oxidative metabolism in a similar manner.
Endurance training is a powerful tool to improve both health and performance. Physical activity is now recognized as an effective treatment and prevention therapy for a wide range of diseases. One of the most profound adaptations to endurance training is increased mitochondrial function and content within the exercising muscles. Mitochondrial quality and quantity are closely related to several of the positive health effects reported after training. High mitochondrial content strongly correlates with muscle oxidative capacity and endurance performance. Even though it is well known that endurance training increases mitochondrial content, it is unclear which type of training is the most efficient to promote mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, the basis for current exercise recommendations relative to mitochondrial biogenesis is poor or absent. Thus, the main objective of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of different training strategies on mitochondrial biogenesis.
Recent developments in molecular methods have made it possible to study the initial adaptations to training through measurement of mRNA gene expression of exercise induced genes. One such gene is transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). PGC-1α is a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and the expression of PGC-1α can therefore be used as a marker of this process.
The first four studies presented in this thesis are acute exercise studies where two different exercise models were compared using a cross-over design. Muscle biopsies were obtained pre and post exercise and analysed for gene expression and glycogen, apart from study II. The final study was a long-term training study where muscle biopsies were obtained before and after the training period and analysed for mitochondrial enzyme activities and protein content.
Study I: The expression of PGC-1α and related genes were examined after 90 min of continuous and interval exercise in untrained subjects. The exercise protocols influenced the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism in a similar manner. Both interval and continuous exercise were potent training strategies for relatively sedentary individuals.
Study II: The expression of PGC-1α and related genes were examined after low-volume sprint interval (SIT) and high-volume interval (IE) exercise in highly trained cyclists. SIT induced a similar increase in PGC-1α expression as IE despite a much lower time commitment and work completed. Sprint interval exercise might, therefore, be a time efficient training strategy for highly trained individuals.
Study III: The expression of PGC-1α and related genes, as well as the activity of upstream proteins, were examined after concurrent (ER: cycling + leg press) and single-mode (E: cycling only) exercise in untrained subjects. PGC-1α expression doubled after ER compared with E. It was concluded that concurrent training might be beneficial for mitochondrial biogenesis in untrained individuals.
Study IV: The expression of PGC-1α and related genes were examined after exercise performed with low (LG) and normal (NG) muscle glycogen in well-trained cyclists. PGC-1α expression increased approximately three times more after LG compared with NG. This finding suggested that low glycogen exercise is a potent inducer of mitochondrial biogenesis in well-trained individuals.
Study V: Mitochondrial enzyme activity, protein content and endurance performance were examined after eight weeks of concurrent (ES: cycling + leg press) or single-mode (E: cycling only) training in cyclists. ES did not affect enzyme activity, protein content or endurance performance differently than E. The beneficial effect previously observed in untrained subjects did not translate to higher numbers of mitochondria in trained individuals.
In three of the studies, I, III, and IV, both glycogen and PGC-1α expression were measured after exercise. These data were then pooled and examined. The highest PGC-1α mRNA expression levels were identified when glycogen levels were low, and vice versa. This suggests that low glycogen might play an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis also during interval and concurrent strength and endurance exercise.
In conclusion, key markers of mitochondrial biogenesis can be effectively up-regulated by interval, concurrent and low glycogen exercise. A possible explanation for this might be that though the exercise protocols are quite divergent in nature, they all have a pronounced effect on muscle glycogen and/or perturbation in energetic stress.


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Would you believe that there's a place outside of Memphis where shrunken heads sit atop a spiked fence, a haunted school bus comes 'alive' to trap all who enter, and where screams of children echo through the woods?
Yeah, me neither. However, stories come from somewhere and Voodoo Village is in fact very real.
Located in South Memphis, it is still surrounded by wilderness. A man named Washington (Wash) Harris shut off his home and community with a fence and a huge iron gate in the 1950's, allegedly to practice "dark arts."
People became curious about the property because of the yard art and symbols everywhere. Story goes that the compound actually did block nosy people from exiting with a school bus and many people have been chased away by machetes or worse.
There is a folk-art temple, named St. Paul's Spiritual Temple, that is visible from the road covered with voodoo dolls, candles, moons, crosses and Masonic symbols. Neighbors would talk about ceremonies with large bonfires, speaking in tongues and gulp; the walking dead. Harris denies practicing voodoo, yet never discloses what is really going on behind the gate.
There are lots of accounts from visitors to the compound on the Facebook page here. It is made pretty clear that these people just want to be left alone, by any means necessary…


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Products used for this card:
Stamp: Charmed Delectable Irresistible Annie
Papers: Basic Grey Lime Rickey; plain textured cardstock
Embellishments: Basic Grey Lime Rickey Element stickers; K&Co Wild Raspberry Floral Accents; sentiment is a Rub-on.
Tools: Martha Stewart Edge Punch; Nestabilities
Misc: Distress Inks, Copic Markers
Everything except the Copics is available in the Charmed shop.
I have stepped down from the Copic Challenge Blog Design Team so this will be my last for them.


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"CLEARWATER Gary L. Gauthier, the former host of a Saturday morning Christian radio show called Its Gods Money, is one of two men arrested this month in a Ponzi scheme that defrauded 38 people in the Tampa Bay area of $6 million, according to court documents."
Former Christian radio host charged in Ponzi scheme"Most of the victims were elderly, ... over the age of 60, the document says.
Denise Ferrari, a 62-year-old retired dental technician and postal worker living in Clearwater, was one of the victims. She said she was persuaded to deposit her $86,000 IRA in a company set up by the two men, and now shes suing them to get the money back.
'They put this guy on the air,' Ferrari said. 'Folks called in and said, "We dont have to work again because we invested in Gary Gauthier."'"


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Summit Jump! Immersion Summer Camp
Dates: June 24th – August 16th
Ages 3 – 11 years old
Children are immersed in their chosen target language 100% of the day. Our teachers are very excited to share their cultural knowledge and love of language fluency with your child. Summer offers an exciting opportunity to make new friends, learn new things, run, play and laugh; all while becoming proficient in another language!Download Info Sheet
Download Itinerary
Download Registration Form
What Parents Are Saying:
This was our first year with Jump! and it has been the best experience! Our younger daughter started last fall in the Preschool Prep. By the end of the September, she could already say several phrases in Spanish and was even able to sing a whole song for us. We were amazed!
Throughout the year we got to know all of the teachers and staff that worked with her. Everyone is so dedicated, so caring, and extremely creative. However, her teacher will always have a special place in our hearts. My daughter absolutely loved her!
Once school ended in June, we were so thrilled with the progress we saw in her that we decided to enroll both of our daughters in Summer Camp. Our older daughter will be in 2nd grade next year and she is very shy. Summer Camp has really helped her come out of her shell. She loves her teacher and she comes home every day, excited to tell us about her new friends and all of the fun activities they do! Thank you Jump! for being so awesome!Rebeca Tapia-Paco
My daughter has been going to the Saturday program for 3 years, plus she also does 2 or 3 weeks of Summer Camp every summer. It is a perfect complement for the Spanish I speak to her at home and she definitely communicates better and understands when my mother and other Spanish speakers talk to her.
Her writing and reading in Spanish has improved as well, which is important since many heritage speakers in the US can usually communicate but have hard time with written Spanish. The teachers are all excellent with a good combination of being warm and caring and pushing the kids to do their best... Most importantly, my daughter loves going there! I recommend Jump! for anyone interested in exposing children to Spanish or Chinese language and culture!Reyther Ortega
My son started attending Jump!'s Summer camp when he was 2.5. I was nervous at first because he had never been cared for by anyone other than family. What I soon realized is that Jump! becomes an extension of your family. They were and still are absolutely amazing. The staff is incredible. They truly do care about your child and do anything in their power to make them feel welcomed, loved, and safe so that they don't even realize that they are in an academic environment.Erica Fresia
I love Jump! I enrolled my daughter 2 years ago and I can see how much she has improved. It's so wonderful that she actually corrects me with my "Spanglish"! When she first started she couldn't even count in Spanish and by the end of the fall program she was starting to count and started to lose her American accent. Hands down I recommend the Saturday programs. Also Summer Camp is one of my favorites. It allows her to improve her Spanish and I hope to continue to bring her every summer. Jump! is like my second family and I am so grateful that I found this perfect school for my daughter!!Delta Sepulveda
I simply love Jump! Why? Because you get the best of all worlds. We have 3 children and we use Summer Camp, Preschool, and LEAP. All excellent programs! This is an extremely warm and loving school. The teachers are capable and very nurturing to the children. But that's really just the beginning. Their Spanish immersion is second to none. We know because our famiy has visited every program we could find. Their performing arts program is wonderful. But really to top it all off, they are so serious about learning and teaching in general. They use so many great techniques in the classroom and their teachers are extremely serious about the learning. Jackie the founder is very accessible and great to deal with as is the rest of the staff. Highly recommend!Moe Levine
I would like to thank everyone at Jump! for my daughter's great progress to learn Spanish. She has been, and still is in the program for the past 3 years. She has learned how to write, speak, and understand Spanish. She has been part of the Saturday program and the Summer Camp... There are different ways that the children are taught through listening, speaking, writing, reading, thematic approach, differentiated learning, singing, dancing, storytelling, public speaking, and games. They also teach the children the unique similarities and differences about the culture of different Spanish speaking countries. The administration also listens to suggestions and is very open-minded in meeting the parents'/children's needs when it comes to learning another language. The teachers are native speakers who speak the language very well, have background in working with children and are educators. Having researched for a long time and placing my daughter in different towns around the Essex and Passaic County area, this is a great program with a very child friendly way of teaching the language and with teachers and administrators that care. Additionally the founder Jackie is an AMAZING person and very open-minded to the parents' suggestions or any issues that might concern the parent. Greatly recommend the program.Veronica Christopoulos
Children learn language best when attached to content based learning. We have incorporated STEAM into our curriculum to engage children in Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Math. Some examples include: learning about Space, Machinery, Cooking, Velocity, and the five senses.
Travel Camp
Every two weeks, your child will apply what they have learned in class with visits to museums, aquariums and planetarium shows. Right from when they get on the bus, their day is carefully planned out by covering what we discussed in class and learning something new! Children (ages 3 - 4 years old), will have events come to them in the center. They will enjoy the Petting Zoo, Reptile Show, Magic Show and more.
Sports & Games
Your child will create long lasting memories with fun team building activities:
- Soccer
- Dance
- Water Play
- Special events – outdoor relay races, picnic fun, cultural games and exploration.
Weekly Themes
Summer camp themes are an integral part of learning. Children are immersed in the language 100% of the time and learn through engaging in interesting topics and content areas such as:
Week 1–2: Symphony of the Senses
Week 3–4: Wondrous Animals
Week 5–6: Outer-Space Exploration
Week 7–8: Go Green
Questions? Come to an Online Open House
Schedule a tour of one of our centers or call 732-384-1566 to
experience the Jump! Immersion School educational advantage!


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Program Overview
The benchmarking methodological uniqueness is represented by the identification of those processes that lead to superior performance, followed by the analysis of the best practices behind that success. Benchmarking offers the opportunity to compare an organization's performance against industry competitors, noting strengths, weaknesses, and different ways of executing projects. As successful businesses constantly focus on improving the quality of their processes, products and services, benchmarking comes as one of the best approaches in achieving innovative ideas and superior procedures within the organization, through finding and implementing best practices.
- Improve your organizational processes by applying benchmarking best practices;
- Link benchmarked data to your organizational strategy and performance objectives;
- Set up and apply a benchmarking plan in your own organization, in order to increase competitiveness;
- Acquire strong competitive insights from benchmarking specialists' experience and best practices examples to suit your organization's reality.
Learning objectives
- Associate benchmarking objectives with the organizational strategy;
- Design a benchmarking plan for your organization;
- Understand the fundamentals of data collection and analysis;
- Assess performance gaps according to benchmarked data;
- Select the relevant benchmarks and establish a monitoring process.
Participants' profile
- Professionals interested in benchmarking practices Persons interested in benchmarking practices, data analysis and comparison, as well as performance improvement.Entrepreneurs, analysts and professionals from different fields, interested in acquiring the knowledge needed to understand benchmarking processes and methodologies.
- Top/middle/lower management professionals Executives, operational managers and analysts, professionals from top/middle/lower management, regardless of their field of expertise, will be able to improve organizational performance through internal benchmarking practices.
- Experts from both delivery and support functions Experts in finance, accounting, project management, human resources, sales, marketing, logistics, quality control and improvement, strategy/planning and operations, will learn how their current processes and approaches regarding KPIs can be improved.
Key business benefits
- Reach performance improvement by receiving guidance and international benchmarking expertise;
- Achieve excellence in your organizational processes by applying benchmarking best practices;
- Attain superior results by managing performance gaps based on benchmarked data.
Program Agenda
- Definitions and terminology;
- The advantages of benchmarking;
- Types of benchmarking;
- Governance;
- Stages and processes of benchmarking activities.
- Activity: Design a benchmarking process.
- Scope establishment;
- Purpose statement development;
- Benchmarking team;
- Organization strategies and benchmarking targets;
- Benchmarks identification;
- Benchmarking partners;
- Project Management techniques.
- Activity: Develop a benchmarking plan.
- Data collection process;
- Data collection instruments;
- Secondary research;
- Questionnaire development;
- Activity: Design a questionnaire.
- International data reporting standards;
- Data adjustment for benchmarking;
- Data quality;
- Value drivers and internal capabilities;
- Activity: Determine data quality errors.
- Logical framework for data analysis;
- Data comparison;
- Identification and analysis of performance gaps.
- Activity: Conduct data analyses based on various methods.
- Initiatives proposal to close performance gaps;
- Develop action and implementation plan;
- Adapting improvements;
- Monitor and report process;
- Activity: Practice on various methods for closing performance gaps.
- Illegal benchmarking practices;
- Guides, networks and resources;;
- Examples of best practices.
- Activity: Elaborate a benchmarking plan.
- Course review;
- Certification Exam.
Aurel Brudan
Founder & CEO
The KPI Institute
Aurel Brudan is the founder and CEO of The KPI Institute, the global authority on Key Performance Indicators research and education. Under his coordination the Institute research team documented over 7,000 KPI examples from 15 functional areas and 24 industries, reviewed 1,000+ performance reports from 125 countries and referenced 20,000+ resources, the result being www.smartKPIs.com, the premier destination for quality performance management and measurement resources. Other research programs resulted in the development of two maturity models for performance management and measurement, as well as the establishment of the KPI Management Framework to provide the theoretical base for the Certificate in Key Performance Indicators Management.
As a consultant, Aurel conducted numerous performance management system implementations using solutions such as the Balanced Scorecard,operational dashboards and functional performance scorecards. Among his most important clients are Australia Post, the Australian Federal Administration, the Victorian State Government, Brisbane City Council,National Australia Bank, Qatar Supreme Council Of Health and SABIS.
As an educator, Aurel has accumulated hundreds of hours of experience in a variety of settings, from open and in-house training delivery to tutoring management for the University of Melbourne. Aurel is a member of the Academy of Management, the Australian New Zealand Academy of Management, the Australian Marketing Institute and Fellow of the Australian Institute of Management.
Aurel has tertiary qualifications in both Economics and Marketing,complemented by postgraduate certificates in Advanced Learning and Leadership, as well as in Research Commercialization from the Melbourne Business School in Australia. Aurel is also in the final stages of his PhD. candidature, researching Integrated Performance Management Systems at the University of Melbourne.
Learning experience
- Needs assessment – complete a questionnaire to determine a tailored and relevant learning experience;
- Pre-course evaluation quiz – take a short quiz to establish the current level of knowledge;
- Guidance and schedule – analyze a document presenting guidelines on how to maximize your learning experience;
- Forum introduction – share an introduction message to present yourself to the other course participants;
- Pre-requisite reading – go through a series of documents to better understand the core-course content.
- Analyzing how to ensure a successful benchmarking study by following a well-defined process, selecting the benchmarking partners accordingly and implementing a logical framework for data analysis in order to identify performance gaps;
- Examining practical insights for developing a benchmarking plan, along with aspects pertaining to the assessment of data collection and governance, data analysis process and benchmarking best practices;
- Gaining both theoretical knowledge and practical skills in benchmarking research, which will enable them to start a benchmarking implementation project in their own organization.
- Forum discussions – initiate a discussion and contribute in a discussion opened by another participant;
- Action plan – create a plan for the actions and initiatives you intend to implement after the training course;
- In-house presentation – create and submit a short PowerPoint presentation to present your colleagues the knowledge you have accessed during the training course;
- Additional reading – go through a series of resources to expand your content related knowledge;
- Learning journal – reflect upon your 3 stages learning experience and complete a journal.
- Certificate of Attendance (hard copy): after participating at the 3 days of on-site training course;
- Certificate of Completion (soft copy): after completing pre-course activities and passing the Certificati on Exam;
- Certified Benchmarking Professional diploma (hard copy): after you have successfully completed all of the 3 stages of the learning experience.


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Dwelling in the past: Man sleeps in slave quarters to help preserve their history
Located in the attic of Greenwich's Bush-Holley House is a dark, cramped living space that was once was the refuge of slaves. In two weeks, it will be put to use again, as the home for one night of Joseph McGill, Jr. -- a descendant of slaves.
This type of overnight experience is not new to McGill, a South Carolina native. So far, he has spent the night in 28 different documented slave quarters in his role as field officer at the Charleston (SC) Office of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. Two years ago, McGill founded the Slave Dwelling Project and his mission is to preserve humble shelters that serve as a reminder of what life was like for the slaves who worked on plantations, on more modest farms and in businesses -- in both the South and the North.
Prior to McGill's overnight stay he will conduct a panel discussion along with representatives of Coming to the Table, an organization that addresses the legacy of slavery in America. But to learn more about McGill and his Slave Dwelling Project, the Citizen asked him a few questions.
Q: How far back have you traced your ancestry of slaves?
A: My genealogical research has only gone back to the 1890's.
Q: What activated your interest in slave history. What got you going?
More InformationFact box
A: My awareness of slave history become prominent 20 years ago when I started to research African American soldiers who fought in the Civil War. This research was necessary to become a Civil War reenactor, which I still am.
Q: What led you to start the Slave Dwelling Project?
A: I started the Slave Dwelling Project to highlight the need to preserve the extant places where the formerly enslaved once lived. For various reasons, many of these places are no longer on the American landscape. Some of these places are on the verge of collapse. This project highlights those that are preserved and brings much needed attention to those that can be saved if the resources are obtained.
Q: How many slave quarters have you preserved - in how many states?
A: I personally have preserved none. I was on a team of experts who were responsible for evaluating the restoration that was done to the slave cabins at Magnolia Plantation in Charleston, SC. I am currently working with the owner of Laurelwood Plantation, Edgewood, SC in obtaining funding to restore the slave dwelling on his property. Once restored, I will have unlimited access for educational purposes. I am also consulting with the owner of Mansfield Plantation, in Georgetown, County, SC on the restoration of the slaves' cabins on that property. At least one other property in SC has sought my council on how they should proceed with restoration. There are now slave quarters preserved in eight states.
Q: You have spent overnights in 28 documented quarters. What do you learn from staying overnight in these slave quarters?
A: From the physical structure to the crops that were grown on plantations, they are all different. This does not take into account urban slavery. Were the quarters used for biological family units or as dormitories? Some, in their attempts to tell the story of slavery tend to over adorn the dwellings, but it is highly unlikely that any furnishings were provided by the slave owners.
Q: This will be your second stay in a slave quarter in the north, the other being on a National Historic site in Philadelphia, PA. What makes this visit significant?
A: I find it necessary to keep at least one northern stay on the calendar each year because some are still surprised that slavery existed up north. This and similar stays highlight the fact that the north should not be given a pass when it comes to telling the stories of slavery that existed within the United States. The Greenwich Historical Society is one of few historic homes in New England to address its connection with slavery.
"Slaves in the Attic Panel Discussion," including Joseph McGill, Jr., Dionne Ford, Coming to the Table and FindingJosephine.com, writer; Grant Hayter-Menzies, Coming to the Table , biographer and historian; Rev. David Pettee, Coming to the Table Member; Dr. Allegra diBonaventura, Assistant Dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Yale University; John Pfeiffer, Adjunct Professor, Lyme Academy of Fine Arts and Old Lyme Town Historian; Dale Plummer, City Historian of Norwich and Chair, takes place at the Greenwich Historical Society's Vanderbilt Education Center on March 30, from 7-8:30 p.m. To reserve online visit www.greenwichhistory.org or call 203-869-6899, ext. 10.


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On 24th Nov – Make a mug with Laura from Leaf mugs – only $20 including mug! This workshops is great for kids and adults and will run as part of Open Studios Weekend.
DATE: Saturday 24th November (Open Studios Weekend)
WORKSHOP DURATION: 15 minutes (Drop in workshop, no bookings necessary)
TIMES: Anytime from 10-4PM
PRICE: $20 includes mug.
Book: http://colourboxstudio.com/workshops or pay on the day instore.
Tell us a little bit about yourself and your project/ arts practice?
My name is Laura and I recently started leaf mugs. My day job is in workplace relations and I also like to take photos. I did a couple of short courses in graphic design this year which I really enjoyed. I still have a lot to learn but I am having fun creating designs to put on mugs!
What inspires you, and how do you go about creating your pieces?
I am inspired by the things around me, colours, patterns and shapes. I am really enjoying the creative process of creating different mug designs by thinking of a subject, drawing it using Illustrator (which doesn't always go to plan!) and then choosing different colours to finish. I think I like choosing the colours the most.
Whats your favorite piece of work that you have created?
I really like my ice cream mug because I think the design and colours are a lot of fun. I'm also having a great time with my collection of garden mugs. I live in an apartment so I don't have a garden and these mugs are a great way for me to grow a few things without a lot of space. It's really fun to check on the progress of how things are growing and use some of it for cooking!
Whats your favorite part about being involved in the melbourne art scene?
I love how friendly everyone is and how many amazing, creative people there are making great products. It's great to meet different people, find out about what they do, have fun and learn a lot along the way.
Who are some of your favorite Melbourne artists or craftspeople?
It's hard to pick a favourite! Mr Bucket is great – really fun t-shirt designs. I am really enjoying being part of Colour Box Studio as it's been a great chance to meet other artists like Emily from North St Flowers and Ida from Studio 941 who are also running workshops this weekend.
What projects are you working on now?
I'm working on some new mug designs – hopefully some Christmas ones!
Do you have any tips for aspiring artists/craftspeople?
I'm really only getting started myself but I think the big this is to just start. Getting involved in arts events and going to markets and places like Colour Box is a great way to make some connections and meet people who have some experience and will most likely be more than happy to answer any questions you have. Above all, start!
How do you feel about being a part of the Colour Box Studio Pop Up Shop?
I'm really excited to be part of Colour Box Studio Pop Up Shop. It's been a great opportunity for me to meet new people and learn more about the arts scene in Footscray. I think it's a great initiative and it's fantastic that it has been getting so much support.
Tell us about your up coming workshop at Colour Box Studio and what people can expect.
Head over to the workshop page to read all about them but the short version is: I will be running a drop in workshop throughout the day where you can make either a garden mug or a picture mug. I will bring some garden mugs along that you can put a liner in (so you can drain them without needing holes in the mugs) and plant seeds then take it home on the day and then watch the seeds grow. If you would prefer to plant seeds in any of the other mugs like the karate or cycling one that's fine too! For the drawing mugs I will have a range of things to draw with ie pens, pencils and textas and templates for you to draw on. There will be blank templates and also the outlines of some of my designs so you can create your own colour combinations. The drawing mugs will be available to collect from Colour Box Studio the next week. Book: http://colourboxstudio.com/workshops or pay on the day instore.


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Healthy relationships require self awareness among the participants and healthy boundaries between.
As a therapist, I often work with my clients on aspects of communication. I work with them on being able to identify their needs and being able to speak them to their partner, friends, boss, etc. I also work with them on setting healthy boundaries. Having a solid communication foundation has the potential to really increase successful partnerships.
So, how can you increase your abilities in these very important areas? It starts at home, with you. How good are you at recognizing your own needs? In our fast-paced life many of us get so wrapped up in caring for others that we neglect to notice and care for our own needs. Does this sound familiar to you? Beginning to understand your own needs is a practice of slowing down and tapping into what is going on inside of you.
Take some deep breaths and check in. What are you really feeling in any given moment? And keep asking that question of yourself until it feels like you have reached your internal truth. When you understand your emotional life, you can begin to understand what you need. This is the next question to ask yourself. What do you need in any given moment? If you are feeling disconnected, perhaps you need some time with a particular partner to feel more connected, etc. It is the tapping into of your internal landscape that will allow you to understand your needs vs. your desires or fears.
Once you tackle the steps of understanding your emotions and discovering your needs, you can begin setting boundaries where you need them. Up above, I mentioned how some of us get stuck in the mode of doing lots for others but neglecting our own needs. This is where you can begin to change that. Healthy relationships include healthy boundaries. When your fears (like the fear of being alone, or the fear of hurting someone's feelings) get in your face, it is really difficult to create boundaries.
It is also difficult if you have spent your life seeing to the needs of others rather than your own. When you understand your needs more you can see where a boundary needs to be placed. You will begin to notice when your needs get pushed aside and that is where the boundary might go. This all takes some practice but the first step is beginning to know yourself—your emotions and then your needs.
The final step in all of this is communicating your needs and boundaries to your partners. This one takes a lot of courage, especially if this is very far outside of your comfort zone. Something to remember is that your needs are just as important as anyone else's. I have found affirmations to that effect to be beneficial. You have a right to have your needs met, as do all of the others around you. It can be quite a dance to see all satisfied, but, oh the abundance it will bring when you accomplish it!
Emy Tafelski, MA, Marriage and Family Therapist Intern
Open Minded Therapy for Individuals, Couples, Partners, and Families
More personal development coach from YourTango:
- 3 Simple Steps To Improve Your Self-Confidence
- The Best Relationship Advice From YourTango
- Find A Relationship Expert


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It seems like only yesterday that we first introduced to the works of Belgian street artists Jaune and Pol Cosmo, but it was three years ago back in 2016 when we first visited the city of Ostend on the Belgian coast.
The two street artists, Jaune with his miniature stencil-based works and Pol Cosmo with his wheat-pasted posters had both installed multiple interventions across the city as part of the first edition of The Crystal Ship, a contemporary street art festival curated by Bjorn Van Pouke.
Both artists were among some of the local artists joining the international line up of street artists who were invited to install works across the city as part of the festival.
A call out to local Ostend residents was made ahead of the festival opening, inviting them to offer up the exterior walls and doorways of their homes for the two artists to work upon. This callout saw a huge number of residents offering up spaces resulting in a waiting list for both Jaune and Pol Cosmo who had more spaces offered than they had time to complete.
Since our first introduction to their work, we have caught up with both artists on a number of occasions, following their work and progress.
Pol Cosmo has begun scaling up his paper works and we got to see a selection of these larger creatures on some of the walls on a visit to the Belgian city of Ghent.
Jaune has also been making waves in the street art world and following the Ostend Festival we caught up with him in Stavanger Norway for the Nuart Festival and again a few months later at the Scottish edition NuArt Aberdeen. He has also had a number of solo shows his most recent in Amsterdam at the Vroom and Gallery.
And after a long wait, we finally got to see a UK visit with Jaune hitting up the streets of East London when he was in town for the London edition of the Moniker Art Fair held on Brick Lane at the Old Truman Brewery.
#HookedblogOnTour in Rotterdam
In September Hookedblog was on the road traveling and as is usually the case we took far too many photographs that we never seem to have enough time to upload and share on the blog. While we were in Sicily at the Ragusa festival we changed our flights, making a detour to Rotterdam via Rome for a quick stopover and onwards to Amsterdam.
A quick train from Amsterdam's Schiphol Airport and we were pulling into the impressive looking Central Station in Rotterdam. So why the detour you might be wondering and why Rotterdam?
We had heard that Rotterdam was hosting the very first European edition of the international PowWow Street art festival and as we had yet to attend an edition of PowWow it made sense to us to make our way to the city for this edition. It was also an opportunity for us to make our first visit to Rotterdam, a city we had heard positive things about.
Jaune and Pol Cosmo For PowWow Rotterdam
The PowWow brand and festival has grown into a globally recognized event within the street art and graffiti communities. After several successful editions on the outskirts of Hawaii, the festival spread to locations in Los Angeles, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Japan and it was a big scoop for the city of Rotterdam to be selected to host very first European edition of Pow Wow.
Taking a short 10-minute tram ride from Central station, we dropped our bags off at City Hub Hotel Rotterdam on Witte de Withstraat. With a quick and easy self-checking system at the hotel, we dropped off our bags and hit the streets with our camera. The main PowWow Rotterdam festival site was just outside the city center at Keilewerf 1 and 2, a former industrial part of the city next to the Marconiplein underground station.
Alongside the line up of artists painting murals as part of the festival, artists Jaune and PoL Cosmo were invited to take over two subways stations as part of PowWow Rotterdam. Both introduced their works onto station platforms and in and around the station's ticket offices of Eendrachtsplein station to Marconiplein station.
Impressive to see the city and the subway network allowing two street artists to introduce their work into the two stations along the route to the Pow Wow Rotterdam festival site, something we could never imagine new happening on the underground network here in London.
Over the three days, we were in town traveling back and forth to the festival site we continued to discover more of the artist's works in the two underground stations.
Just when we thought we had photographed them all we would spot anther Jaune on a panel of glass with his sanitation workers swinging out of the handrails or we would find yourself on the other end of the platform and spot another Pol Cosmo paper creature pasted onto the site of a dustbin on the platform.
Pictured in the post is the collection of images we found over the three days, we are unsure if we managed to capture them all but the large selection we did find is shared here.
Belgian street artist Jaune's stenciled character painted on the mirror surface of the station entrance.
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Belgian street artists Pol Cosmos paper insects were pastes right throughout the two underground stations.
More from Rotterdam
Say tuned, we will post a collection of some of the other Rotterdam street art photos we shot in another post, plus we still have lots of photos from PowWow Rotterdam we have yet to share on the blog. Those of you following us on the Hookedblog Instagram account will already have seen a selection of our Pow Wow Rotterdam images.
Hookedblog on Instagram — @Hookedblog
Related Stories:
Belgian Street Artist Jaune hits the streets of London
Street Artist Jaune's mischievous character on the streets of Stavanger
Street Artist Pol Cosmo's Insects are taking over the streets.
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