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The wheels of vehicles are produced from different materials. These days, there is a wide variety of wheels in Tulsa that not only improve the look of your vehicle but also deliver superior performance. Aluminum and magnesium alloys are the main metals used for manufacturing wheels. Wheels produced from these metals are strong, lightweight and durable, and have a more stylish look than regular wheels.
The most impressive quality of alloy wheels in Tulsa is that they are lightweight. This is why they are mostly used in sports and racing cars. Such wheels are produced either from aluminum alloy or forged magnesium alloy. Cast alloy is usually not used because it is heavier. Even though alloy wheels are lighter as well as elegant, it will cost you a considerable sum of money to purchase one for your vehicle.
The wheel's lightweight design ensures it has a good grip on the roadway, thereby delivering excellent performance. This not only gives you an excellent mileage but also prolongs your vehicle's life. In addition, the stylish wheels give your car an appealing look. You can easily find a distinctively designed wheel that matches the color as well as make of your vehicle. One of the disadvantages of using alloy wheels is that they usually get damaged due to constant use. This is why alloy wheels need to be fixed after certain intervals and these repairs may be quite costly. The wheels get damaged due to several reasons. It may be as a result of running on bumpy surfaces at high speeds, hitting hard stones, and so forth.
Before you take your wheels for repairs, you should inspect the degree of damage. At times, the wheels' dull appearance may be as a result of dirt and dust accumulation on them. If that is the case, then you do not have to take your wheels for repairs; instead you can give it a thorough cleaning in order to restore its shine plus stylish look. There are several different types of cleaning agents within the market that you can use to make your wheels shine like new. If your tires have scratches and dents, it is important that you take them for repairs. There are various garages and mechanics that offer efficient repair solutions to surmount the problems with your wheels. Click here to find out more about auto repair services in Tulsa.


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Wednesday, August 5, 2015
The certainty of attaining Enlightenment in the Pure Land
If I am in the Pure Land created by Amida Buddha's Perfect Will Power after I die, what would happen if I never get enlightened? Is there a time limit to attain Enlightenment in the Pure Land? I'm scared as I don't want to experience birth, age and death anymore.
You do not need to worry about attaining Enlightenment in the Pure Land. Once you reached the Pure Land, you will never retrogress or fall back again into the world of birth and death. You see, the Pure Land is manifested by Amida Buddha and everything there is conducive to Enlightenment. In contrast to this, everything here in Samsara is conducive to attachment, blind passions and suffering. So, you will be 100% safe when you are born in the Pure Land, and you will attain Enlightenment or Buddhahood quickly, that is, in the very moment of your birth there.
All you need to do is to simply entrust to Amida Buddha during your life. If you do this, you are assured of birth in the Pure Land, and you will go there as naturally as a river flows to the ocean. What I mean by "to entrust" is to rely completely on Him, and think that everything needed for your birth in His realm is His power. Do not think that you can add something from your own personality to your birth in the Pure Land, because if you do that, then it means that you do not rely completely on Amida's Power.
You just have to let Amida save you and take you to His Pure Land when you die. This is the essence of His Primal Vow, in which it is said that all those who entrust completely to Him, say His Name in faith, and wish to be born there, will indeed be born there and attain Enlightenment. There can be no obstacle to your birth in the Pure Land if you rely completely on Amida.
- fragment from a letter to a friend -
related article (please read):
Beings who entrust in Amida dwell in the definitely assured state in this life and immediately attain Enlightenment after birth in the Pure Land
Published by Josho Adrian Cirlea la 14:28
Categories: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, SHINJIN (FAITH)
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Those of you who heard me ranting and raving at last month's stamp camp will remember that I have been saying that all of April's Stamp Camp cards will feature have something to do with water – Thus the name of our April Stamp Camp – All Things Water. Our first watery card:
This is very much an "April Showers" card. You can actually see the water glistening off the umbrella. Well, what you actually see is the glare from the camera flash off the shiny embossed umbrella. Designer paper from the Sunshine & Sprinkles set provides quick interest to the front of our card. A small strip of Pacific Point embellished with the Needlepoint Border Textured Impressions Embossing Folder unifies the umbrella image with the cute border print. A small Vintage-Faceted designer button tied with a bit of Bakers Twine adds dimension. Carol G, one of our stampers, has generously lent me the Martha Stewart umbrella punch for this card. I punched umbrellas from the DSP and have adhered one or two inside my cards as my finishing touch.
In addition to having all the paper cut for this card, I took the time to stamp and emboss the umbrella image in order to save you time. You will simply need to cut out the umbrella and apply it over the stamped image with dimensionals. The handle is stamped, although it appears to be connected to the actual umbrella.
"By The Tide" is another card for our All Things Water Stamp Camp. This is a cast card, and fits perfectly into our masculine category with the lobster, coral, anchors and nubby burlap ribbon. I've discovered that when working with the Stampin' Up classic ink pads that were introduced last summer, if you work quickly, you have time to wet emboss your image. I am going to do another sample and emboss the Red Riding Hood lobster to make him "pop" a bit more. Other colors used on this masculine card include Crumb Cake, River Rock, Early Espresso, black, and Island Indigo. I hadn't planned on purchasing the Natural 7/16" Trim Ribbon shown in the mini catalog, but I love how the rough texture and the frayed ends enhance this card. Although you can't tell from the picture, I used the Stampin' Distress Tool to roughen the edges of the Marina Mist card stock layer. This adds to the masculine feel of the card.
I hope you can join us for our "All Things Water" Stamp Camp this coming this coming Friday and Saturday – April 5th (4 PM – 9 PM) and 6th (9 AM – 4 PM). We will be doing 4 cards – the 2 shown above – plus 2 others which will be posted tomorrow. The cost will be $10. If you can't join us, but would like to do the cards, please let me know and we will have a kit for you to purchase and do at your leisure; all the stamping, embossing are done and embellishments are provided – you only have to provide the adhesive. The cost for the kit is $10, but we do need additional time to prepare the materials. If you have any questions, please give me a call at 630-759-3089, or drop me a note at email@example.com.
Blessings, Rosemary
(p.s., Don't forget to pick up your free 30-day My Digital Studio CD trial. This is a no strings attached opportunity to try your hand at digital designing. I'm more than happy to assist with your questions.)
Filed under: 2013 Posts, Cards, Embossing Folders, Masculine, Multi-use, Stamp Camps, Stamps |


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"The situation is bad for the kids. There are some who are on top of those that are still alive. They are blocking us from rescuing the ones beneath. "
"When a person is in shock, when a person is bleeding, they need medicine. We need medicine! We've been working here all night pulling people out of the building. We need medicine! We don't have medicine!"
-- Rescuers
I have the identifications of some children, I found their telephones. The parents should call me to check the list I have, to see if they're child's names are on it. My number is... I've lived in this area for 25 years. It's a catastrophe. When they did the construction they did not analyze the area to see if it would support this sort of construction.
-- Joyzil Smith - Area resident
A government official says the school's collapse is the result of the builder's failure to comply with building regulations.
It's all of us who are responsible. In this country. We took measures. What measures are we to take? We asked these people to not construct on a hill. We asked them to take precautions during construction. They did not conform. It's your country's image. Take precautions. Unfortunately, I don't know how many children are in there.
Haitian President René Preval arrives on the scene and attempts to clear the area for rescuers and emergency vehicles.
We need a radio to send an urgent message to tell the people to leave this area so that the rescuers can come and go freely. Secondly, if you look at the school, its an edifice with practically no cement to support it, that's why it fell. What's important for the families to know who have lost children–to bring help to them we must clear this alley of the cars and people. We need space so that the engineers and rescuers can work. This would be best for people under the rubble, who are suffering. Let's not invite another disaster. We have people from Canada and Washington asking; how can we help? Evaluations are going on right now to find out if they have specialist they can send from Canada and the United States.
-- Rene Preval
Ezili Danto's Witness Project reported on the heart-wrenching suffering and agony at the scene. The frantic search in the rubble for survivors by rescuers who managed to find survivors early on, but were not equipped to save the ones buried deep under heavy rubble. It was a "perfect storm" of circumstances that included hospital strikes and government regulation failures.
On Friday, May 7, 2008, the three-story La Promesse school building in Petionville, Haiti, collapsed while class was in session with more than 500 to 700 students inside. The bodies of at least 93 children killed have been recovered so far, over 200 injured have been either treated or admitted for care; as the death toll is expected to reach in the hundreds. Trinite Hospital is the only working hospital open in Port-au-Prince. The other two, General Hospital and Hospital de la Paix, are closed by strikes. Mothers of the school children and neighbors who live around the school that our Haiti correspondents spoke to late yesterday evening say the screams and moans of more students, buried in the rubble of the concrete building, can still be heard throughout the night.
*By the time international rescue teams with specialized equipment from the US and France arrived to help on Saturday, a day after the collapse, it was too late. Only four survivors were pulled from the ruins on Saturday, and no other survivors had been found since. Fortin Augustin, the Protestant minister who owns the school and church, was arrested on Saturday as authorities investigated him on suspicion of involuntary manslaughter. Fortin Augustin was denied a permit to build the school in the 1990s but went ahead with the project during the coup d'etat years of rebellion and government upheaval and anarchy that followed.
By Tuesday, Nov. 11, AP Reported "Nearly all other survivors were found in the frantic first hours by neighbors who leaped on the rubble and dug with their bare hands, sometimes with the help of U.N. peacekeepers. No survivors have been found since the U.S. and French teams arrived Saturday."
Haitian Lawyers Leadership Network, Ezili Danto Witness Project, 11.11.08, 8:08 am.
I am sick and tired of the cowardice displayed by the Haitian leaders. Kote moun yo?
Jafrikayiti a Haitian activist, performer and educator laments the lack of courage of the Preval administration in knuckling under to the demands of the colonial powers who hold the purse strings, who have refused to give Haiti debt relief.
Is there a President in Haiti?UPDATE: 11.13.08
Is there a Parliament in Haiti?
Kote moun yo? (Where are these people?)
Are there men and women with courage and decency in this country to finally do the right thing:
How can it not be obvious, that Haiti cannot afford to be financing the World Bank and its blood-suckers international associates to the tune of $1 million a week !!!!!
- Declare Haiti to be in a state of EMERGENCY - therefore...
- DEBT payments are to stop immediately
- Investment in the nation's infrastructure to begin on a priority basis
When there is not even one good General Hospital on the 27 750 KM2 of the country
When there is a whole school system to rebuild from scratch
When there is a road network to be build.
When the farmers cannot expect the basics they deserve and need from their State to produce food for the nation.
It is criminal for the Haitian government to be so coward in its discussions with the former colonial powers (who now like to be called international community - in order to hide their RESPONSIBILITY in the mess nations like Haiti, the Congo etc... are living today).
Jean Saint-Vil (Jafrikayiti)
More details have surfaced about the troubled history of La Promesse school. The former major of Petion-Ville had stopped the construction during her term in office. The turmoil and chaos of the U.S. gov't sponsored coup d'etat of 2004 has claimed these children as its latest victims.
By the time international rescue teams arrived (from Martinique and Virginia) with floodlights and with search dogs wearing huge "USAID" signs around their torso for the requisite publicity shots, by the time trucks carried oxygen and medical supplies down the mountain road, by the time international rescue teams arrived to help on Saturday, the day after the collapse, it was too late. The crane, sonar, cameras and USAID rescue dogs were too late. Only four survivors - two girls, ages three and five, and two boys, a seven-year-old and a teenager - were pulled alive from the ruins on Saturday, and no other survivors have been found since.
Fortin Augustin, the Protestant minister who owns the school and church, was arrested on Saturday as authorities investigated him on suspicion of involuntary manslaughter. Fortin Augustin was denied a permit to build the school in the 1990s, but went ahead with the project during the coup d'etat years of rebellion and government upheaval and anarchy that followed.
The mayor of Petionville has told local Haitian radio that during her previous term as mayor she had stopped construction on the school, but it resumed sometime between 2004 and 2006 when Bush regime change's Boca Raton interim government was imposed on Haiti. (See, No more victims found in collapsed Haitian school by Jacqueline Charles, Nov. 9, 2008 Miami Herald; See also, I am sick and tired of the cowardice displayed by the Haitian leaders. Kote moun yo?; Hope Fades, Grief Sets in Near Fallen Haiti School; and Haitian Families Furious Over School Collapse).
By Tuesday, Nov. 11, AP Reported "Nearly all other survivors were found in the frantic first hours by neighbors who leaped on the rubble and dug with their bare hands, sometimes with the help of U.N. peacekeepers. No survivors have been found since the U.S. and French teams arrived Saturday." (Girl, 8, recalls 12-hour Haitian school collapse ordeal)...
(HLLN Report on the School Collapse, Nov 7, 2008)


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▶ The Aspen Daily Update: Pandemic Update with the Mayor
Latest News
- Mountain Fair gets back to local roots amid virus restrictions; NYC's Inspect Art takes over Aspen Art in virtual showing room, announces community partners
- Extended stay: Summer renters are increasingly opting to remain in Aspen, longer
- Five boats carrying invasive mussels intercepted at Ruedi Reservoir
- 🎧 The Upload - June 5, 2020
- Aspen faith leaders singing praises for larger gatherings
- Weekend of activism planned in Aspen
- County's public health director calls systemic racism a 'public health issue'
- Drone locates overdue hikers on early attempt of Four Pass Loop
The Upload
This week: Local activism continues in support of Black Lives Matter and demanding justice for the death of George Floyd while in police custody, a local bar bends the public health order as phase two reopening allows more patrons within dining establishments, and Pitkin County has a dozen n…
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- Bar versus restaurant discrepancies come to light amid weekend reopenings
- Neighbor dispute nets felony harassment charge; Second time in two weeks Aspen police responded to complaints in Smuggler subdivision
- Drone locates overdue hikers on early attempt of Four Pass Loop
- Questions remain on short-term rental capacity, Aspen's unique lodging market
- Dr. Fauci, David Byrne to partake in virtual 2020 Aspen Ideas Festival; content to focus on 'what's happening in America right now'
- Black Lives Matter demonstration in Aspen grows to more than 100 on Wednesday
- Weekend of activism planned in Aspen
- Extended stay: Summer renters are increasingly opting to remain in Aspen, longer
- Old Snowmass home fire not considered suspicious
- The run will go on


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We are situated in the heart of Chianti old town, in an area rich in original produce which we carefully select to create our dishes.
Drawing inspiration from Chianti tradition, we interpret and recreate local cuisine with a fresh and modern twist, prioritising quality, contemporary flavour and responsibly sourced ingredients.
Our cuisine is not geographically confined, but forever travelling, taking flavours and aromas from around the world and reinterpreting them in a Tuscan setting.
Aromatic herbs and a variety of vegetables are grown on our fully organic allotment and used in our dishes.
For yours and ours well-being and palate pleasure we serve you only organic wines and natural products.When was the last time you eat a carot that tasted like carot? Or a wine that makes you feel good? You'll discover flavours and emotions that you had forgotten!
When was the last time you ate a carot that tasted like carot? Or a wine that makes you feel good? You'll discover flavours and emotions that you had forgotten!
Our menu changes according to the season and availability of fresh, local ingredients.
In conjunction with our cuisine we are proud to offer the full range of organically produced wines from Castello di Volpaia and Prelius.
Parties of up to twelve people can book a meal in our private dining room specially dedicated to the best years of Volpaia wines.
The best of Tuscan cuisine in a style of the 21st century
Even being one of the best-preserved medieval villages in Tuscany, Volpaia did not remain static in its gastronomic development. Driving up the winding roads in the Chianti hills you reach the beautiful village, where, on the Piazza, you find the Osteria Volpaia. Here, the plates promise something very different than what you find in other Osterie in Tuscany, as the introduction on the menue card announces: continua
Eccomi tornato a scrivere dopo un po' di tempo in cui ero preso da diversi impegni, ma tranquilli, la voglia di mangiare bene non mi è mai passata, anzi, la bilancia dice il contrario e le novità in campo ristorativo non mancano affatto. Eccone una davvero interessante, l'Osteria di Volpaia, sita in uno splendido borgo chiantigiano a due passi da Radda in Chianti. continua
Volpaia it's not an entertainment park but a real and lively rural community. We haven't built any new cellar but adapted the celar's tecnologies to the spaces of the old palaces and churches of the village. All the people that work in Volpaia's vineyards nd cellars live in the village like one thousand years ago.
Season ended
See you in the middle March, 2020
Vicolo della torre 2,
Loc. Volpaia, 53017 - Radda in Chianti (SI)
+39 0577 738066
© Nicolo' Mascheroni Stianti Compagnia di Volpaia.


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Precision makes top performance possible
The best showers are those after you've sweat.
5-7 days before
Initial check: clean all parts, test and measure chassis, check shock absorbers for suitable function and measure engine performance indicators.
2-3 days before
Packing and loading of equipment and cars, quad for the trailer, tool trailer, spare parts, including shocks and tyres, a large tent for the team and compressed air bottles for the lift.
1 day before race
Erection of tent and floor, equipment setup, viewing of the track by the pilot and engineer, first pilot discussions and crew chief meeting.
1-2 hours before the race
Driver warm-up, driver discussion and mental preparation for the race.
The race
Hoping, praying, worrying, rooting, crossing fingers, readying the champagne.
Discussions with crew chief and engineer, preparation of the car for the next race on the following day.


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Thief will run at 1080p on PlayStation 4 and 900p on Xbox One, developer Eidos Montreal has confirmed.
The studio told Eurogamer that both versions will run at 30 frames per second, and insisted that the difference between them is barely detectable.
"You really need good eyes to see the difference," said game director Nicolas Cantin, adding that the Xbox One edition is "as good as the PS4 version".
The news follows confirmation that Metal Gear Solid 5: Ground Zeroes runs at 720p on Xbox One and 1080p on PlayStation 4, joining a growing list of titles with a lower resolution on the Microsoft system.
Assassin's Creed 4: Black Flag, Call of Duty: Ghosts, Battlefield 4 and Tomb Raider: Definitive Edition also perform worse on Xbox One.
Thief will be released for Xbox One, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and PC on February 28.
Thief preview: Sticking to the shadows in the upcoming reboot
Watch a trailer for Thief below:


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SUNLU Blue ABS 3D Printer Filament 1.75mm 1KG Spool Filament for 3D Printing, 3D Pens, Dimensional Accuracy +/- 0.02 mm
SUNLU 3D Printer filament and 3D Pen is a place where your imagination is brought to life.
Designed with superior quality and best user experience in mind, SUNLU 3D Printer Filament is manufactured with industry-leading high precision tolerance (±0.02MM) to ensure that you spend less time trouble shooting and more time creating!
SUNLU Printer Filament Storage Tips:
1. Since ABS material is made from biodegradable sources, it is susceptible to moisture.
We recommended storing filament in a sealed plastic bag or box after each print (a large ziplock or Tupperware works well).
2. In extreme cases where the filament gets damp, you can bake it in an oven with 50-degree Celsius for about an hour to restore its dryness.
Reminder: Each time after use of your 3D Printer Filament
Be sure to insert the free end of the filament into the hole to avoid the filament being tangled for next time use.
SUNLU Blue ABS 3D Printer Filament 1.75mm Reference Specs:
Diameter : 1.75MM
Tolerance Level : ± 0.02MM
Print Temperature : 220-240℃ / (428-464℉)
Print Speed : 50 – 100 mm/s
Base Plate Temperature : Heating Bed Temperature is from 80 to 120 Celsius
Bubble : 100% Zero Bubbles
Length : 330M / 360 Yard
Recommended Storage Temperature : -20 to 50 °C / -4 to 122 °F
Compatible with any 3D Printer that uses 1.75mm diameter filament including some models for your reference:
AirWolf – Aleph Objects – BCN3D – Beeverycreative – BigBox – CEL – colorFabb – CraftBot – CraftUnique – CubePro – Cubicon – Doob – Dremel – e-NABLE – E3D – FlashForge – Kossel – Lulzbot – MakerBot – Makergear – Markforged – New Matter – Ooznest – OrdBot – PowerSpec – Printrbot – Prusa – Prusa Research – Robo 3D – SeeMeCNC – Simplify3D – SOLS – Ultimaker – XYZprinting – Zenith – Zortrax
Product Features
- ♥Material: ABS – Color: Blue – Weight: 1 KG (approximately 2.20 lbs) Spool.
- ♥ABS Recommend Temperature: Extrusion/Nozzle Temperature 210°C – 240°C (410°F – 464°F), Use With Heated Build Platform Is Recommended
- ♥High Compatible With Your 3D Printer: Whatever all 1.75 mm-specification 3d printers in the market are configured to run with the PLA 3D printing filaments.
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The Laboratory of T-Cell Biology and Immune Reconstitution is led by Gregory D. Sempowski, PhD and is located in the Regional Biocontainment Building at Duke. The Sempowski lab has an independent research program studying immune senescence associated with aging and works collaboratively with investigators from Duke, UNC Chapel Hill, Memorial Sloan Kettering, University of Georgia, University of Arizona and the Radiation Effect Research Foundation (Hiroshima, Japan). The Laboratory of T-Cell Biology and Immune Reconstitution is also home to two DHVI Shared Resource Facilities which are supported by NIAID Core grants.
Immune Senescence and T Cell Reconstitution
The Sempowski lab is primarily focused on developing strategies to enhance T cell reconstitution in order to offset thymic immune depletion due to immunodeficiency associated with aging, stress, or illness. The thymus plays an important role in maintaining the peripheral T cell pool in children and adults. As the thymus gets smaller with age, it produces significantly lower amounts of T cells resulting in an overall reduced immune response in older individuals. Currently, there are no treatments available to protect against aging, stress or illness-related thymic atrophy or accelerate recovery, thus leaving the immune system compromised. The Sempowski group is working to define the mechanisms that drive thymic involution and find ways of blocking or reversing thymic involution in order to enhance host response in at-risk populations against potential natural or man-made biothreats. The lab has identified the IL-6 cytokine gene family (i.e., leukemia inhibitory factor, IL-6, and oncostatin M) as thymosuppressive agents by the observation that they can acutely involute the thymus when injected into a young, healthy mouse. They also have identified leptin as a novel, thymostimulatory agent that can protect against stress-induced acute thymic atrophy. Identified hormones, cytokines and inhibitors of cytokine receptors are being tested as possible strategies to stimulate thymopoiesis and T cell reconstitution in mouse models of vaccination and infectious challenge.
Effects of Radiation and Aging on the Human Immune System
The Sempowski lab is part of an international consortium of nine labs funded by NIAID to study the effects of atomic bomb radiation and aging on the human immune system. Investigators in both the United States and Japan are systematically analyzing biological samples from the unique population of elderly Japanese atomic bomb survivors to better understand the health consequences of exposure to ionizing radiation on the natural aging process.
SE STI CRC - Immunology Component
The Southeast Sexually Transmitted Infection Cooperative Research Center (SE STI CRC) based at UNC Chapel Hill supports an Immunology component based in the Sempowski lab in collaboration with Dr. Herman Staats (Duke, Pathology). This center component provides expertise in systemic and mucosal immunity with an emphasis on humoral, cellular and biomarker analysis. This new component of the SE STI center in 2009 was included to provide mechanistic study of innate and adaptive immune response to N. gonorrhoeae or experimental vaccination for N. gonorrhoeae.
Shared Resource Facilities
Lastly, the Sempowski laboratory contains a service component consisting of the Immune Reconstitution & Biomarker Analysis Shared Resource and the Biocontainment Animal Imaging Shared Resource. The IR & Biomarker Analysis facility provides access to specialized instrumentation for Real-Time qPCR and Luminex bead-based multiplex assays, and runs molecular assays to monitor thymic output in mouse, human and non-human primate samples. This facility provides the patented Mouse TREC Assay, which is performed regularly for investigators from all over the world. This assay has proven invaluable for monitoring thymopoiesis in mice. The Biocontainment Animal Imaging facility is housed in an animal Biocontainment suite in the Regional Biocontainment Building at Duke. The facility has a state-of-the-art Xenogen Spectrum in vivo imaging system capable of noninvasive quantitative 3D molecular imaging of anesthetized mice, rats, rabbits and guinea pigs. The instrument can quantify bioluminescence and fluorescence (490-850nm). Ongoing research applications include: poxvirus gene expression, replication, and vaccine development, viral vector-based vaccine delivery and efficacy, and in vivo tracking of novel vaccine components with fluorescent tags.
SERCEB - Flow, Biomarker and Imaging Core
The Southeast Regional Center of Excellence for Emerging Infections and Biodefense (SERCEB) supports a BSL3 Host Pathogen Interaction Core (FBI Core). This Core is comprised of technologies and services offered through the NIAID-funded Regional Biocontainment Laboratory at Duke in conjunction with DHVI shared resource facilities. This BSL3 SERCEB Core routinely provides investigators with high-quality flow cytometry, in vivo imaging, protein array analysis, and complete blood count/hematologic analysis for their basic and applied biodefense and emerging infectious disease research efforts.
RadCCORE - Immune Monitoring Core
The Radiation Countermeasures Center of Research Excellence (RadCCORE) based at Duke supports an Immune Monitoring Core comprised of technologies and services offered by two service laboratories within the Duke Human Vaccine Institute (DHVI): the Flow Cytometry Facility and the Immune Reconstitution and Biomarker Facility. The Immune Monitoring Core centrally provides RadCCORE investigators with high quality, state-of-the-art cell sorting, multiplex cytokine/chemokine assays, and T cell receptor gene expression analysis for their basic and applied research efforts.


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I've never been to an orchestra concert before. What should I expect?
Expect to enjoy yourself! This if the time to let go of any preconceptions you may have about classical music or the concert experience. If you feel a litle nervous, that's OK. Some things about the concert may seem strange because they're new to you, but if you just focus on the music, you'll have a great time.
Open yourself up to the music. Let it trigger your emotions—maybe even your memories. Feel the rhythms; follow the tunes. Watch the musicians and the conductor, and see how they interact with each other. Notice how the music ebbs and flows—surging and powerful at some times, delicate and ephemeral at others, and everything in between.
What if I don't know anything about classical music? Do I need to study beforehand?
There's no need to study. The music will speak for itself. Just come and enjoy!
Over time, many frequent concertgoers do find their enjoyment is deeper if they prepare for a concert. This can be simple, like reading the program notes beforehand; or it can be more involved, like listening to recordings of the music to be performed in the days before they attend a concert.
You know yourself best, so if research interests you, go ahead and follow your curiousity. But if studying isn't your thing, there's no need to be concerned about it. Just listen with an open mind.
Will I recognize any of the music?
You might. Classical music is all around us: in commercials, movie soundtracks, television themes, cartoons, retail shops, and even some elevators! Popular music often quotes classical melodies, too. While you're listening in the concert to a piece you think you've never heard before, a tune you've heard a hundred times may jump out at you.
Whether or not you've heard the music before the concert, as you listen, you'll notice that each classical piece uses its own group of several tunes over and over, in different ways. You'll start to "recognize" these melodies as a work progresses. Listen for the ways a melody is repeated: Is it exactly the same as the first time, or with a different character? Is it played by the same instruments, or different ones? Does it start the same as before, but go off in a different direction? Or start differently and surprise you by developing into the tune you recognize from earlier in the piece?
What should I wear?
There is no dress code! Anything that makes you feel comfortable is fine. Most people will be wearing business clothes or slightly dressy casual clothes, but you'll see everything from khakis to cocktail dresses. Some people enjoy dressing up and making a special night of it, and you can, too. Still, evening gowns and tuxedos are pretty rare unless you've bought tickets for a fancy gala—and if you have, you'll know!
If you do decide to dress up, though, go easy on the cologne, which can distract others near you and even prompt them to sneeze (which may distract you)!
Should I arrive early?
Absolutely! Plan to arrive 20 minutes before concert time, so you can find your seat, turn off your cell phone, take a look at your surroundings, absorb the atmosphere, and have time to glance through the program book, too. You won't be alone. Most concertgoers make a point of coming early to read the program notes, or just watch the orchestra warm up.
Rushing to your seat at the last minute doesn't really give you enough time to get settled, so you may not fully enjoy the first piece on the program. And there's another good reason to come early: Most concerts start on time. If you're late, you may end up listening from the lobby! If that happens, the usher will allow you inside during a suitable pause in the program, so your arrival won't disturb other concertgoers.
How long will the concert be?
It varies, but most orchestra concerts are about 90 minutes to two hours long, with an intermission at the halfway point. Very often there will be several pieces on the concert; but sometimes there is one single work played straight through. It's a good idea to take a look at the program before the concert to get an idea of what to expect.
When should I clap?
This is the number-one scary question! No one wants to clap in the "wrong" place. But it's simpler than you may think, and quite logical on the whole.
At the beginning of the concert, the concertmaster will come onstage. The audience claps as a welcome, and as a sign of appreciation to all the musicians.
After the orchestra tunes, the conductor (and possibly a soloist) will come onstage. Everyone claps to welcome them, too. This is also a good moment to make sure your program is open, so you can see the names of the pieces that will be played and their order.
Then everything settles down and the music begins. Just listen and enjoy! The audience doesn't usually applaud again until the end of the piece.
In most classical concerts—unlike jazz or pop—the audience never applauds during the music. They wait until the end of each piece, then let loose with their applause. But this can be a little tricky, because many pieces seem to end several times—in other words, they have several parts, or "movements." These are listed in your program.
In general, musicians and your fellow listeners prefer not to hear applause during the pauses between these movements, so they can concentrate on the progress from one movement to the next. Symphonies and concertos have a momentum that builds from the beginning to the end, through all their movements, and applause can "break the mood," especially when a movement ends quietly. Sometimes, though, the audience just can't restrain itself, and you'll hear a smattering of applause—or a lot of it—during the pause before the next movement. It's perfectly OK to join in if you enjoyed the music, too.
(By the way, disregard anyone who "shushes" you for applauding between movements. It's only in the last 50 years or so that audiences stopped applauding between movements, so you have music history on your side!)
What if you lose track, and aren't sure whether the piece is truly over? One clue is to watch the conductor. Usually, s/he won't relax between movements, but keep hands raised; the attention of the musicians will remain on the conductor. If in any doubt, it's always safe to wait and follow what the rest of the audience does!
At the end of the piece, it's time to let yourself go and let the musicians know how you felt about their playing. Many pieces end "big"—and you won't have any doubt of what to do when! Some end very quietly, and then you'll see the conductor keep hands raised for a few seconds at the end, to "hold the mood." Then the hands will drop, someone will clap or yell "Bravo!"—and that's your cue. There's no need to restrain yourself. If you enjoyed what you heard, you can yell "Bravo!" too.
What if I need to cough during the music?
Everyone gets the urge to cough now and then. Worrying about disturbing your fellow listeners is a laudable impulse, but don't let it ruin your enjoyment of the concert. There's a funny thing about coughing—the less worried you are about it, the less likely you are to feel the urge! So chances are you'll feel less need to cough if you're prepared:
1. Be sure to visit the water fountain in the lobby before the concert, and at intermission.
2. If you have a cold, take some cough medicine in advance and bring wax paper-wrapped—or unwrapped—lozenges with you. (At some concerts, you'll even see cough drops free for the taking in the lobby.) Have a few out and ready when the music begins.
3. Allow yourself to become involved in listening to the music and in watching the performers. The more you are absorbed in what's going on, the less likely you are to cough.
4. If you absolutely can't restrain yourself, try to wait for the end of a movement. Or "bury" your cough in a loud passage of music. If this is impossible, and you feel a coughing fit coming on, it's perfectly acceptable to quietly exit the concert hall. Don't be embarrassed—your fellow listeners will probably appreciate your concern for their listening experience.
What should I do with my cell phone during the concert?
Turn it off! The same goes for pagers and alarm watches. It's a good idea to double-check in the few minutes before the concert begins, and again as intermission draws to a close. Better still, leave them at home if you can.
Doctors and emergency workers who are "on call" can give their pagers to an usher, who will summon them quietly if they are paged.
Can I take pictures?
Cameras, video recorders, and tape recorders aren't permitted in concerts. If you happen to have one with you, be sure to stop at the coat-check and check it in before entering the auditorium. If you have a camera and want a souvenir of a special evening at the symphony, it can be fun to ask someone to take your picture outside the concert hall before you go in.
Why is there an intermission, and what should I do during it?
It's a short rest period for the musicians and conductor—once you see how much activity goes into a performance, you'll understand why they need a break!
Listening to music is also an intense activity (even if considerably less physical), and a break in the middle helps the audience concentrate better in the second half. Some concerts, though, have no intermission because it would interrupt the flow of a long work. Check the program before the concert so you know what's coming.
Most intermissions are fifteen to twenty minutes long, which gives you time to socialize with your companions, get a drink or a snack in the lobby, visit the facilities, or simply sit in your seat and read the program notes. Do whatever puts you in a good frame of mind to hear the second half of the concert.
Can I bring my kids?
It depends on the concert and on the age of your kids. Many standard-length classical concerts are inappropriate for small children because they require an attention span that is difficult for youngsters to maintain. Most concerts also are held at night, and stretch beyond "bedtime."
So if your children are very young, check with your local orchestra, which may present family or children's concerts on weekends; these are a great way for families to enjoy classical music together. Young children are especially intrigued by the many different instruments of the orchestra and the way they are played. Try to sit up close to the orchestra, so your kids will have a great view of everything that's going on.
To further build your children's interest in classical music, play classical radio or CDs around the house. When they are old enough to sit quietly for an extended period, you may wish to bring them to the first half of a standard concert. An interested preteen or teenager could also have a marvelous time at an orchestra concert, particularly if it features several different pieces.
In all cases, it's a good idea to check with the orchestra directly about the appropriateness of the concert you plan to attend with your kids. Also ask about discounts for students and children.


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Postfix is a lightweight (compared to sendmail), easy to configure mail server. It is free (as in freedom) software.
apt-get install postfix sasl2-bin libsasl2-modules dovecot-imapd
Note that the installation will remove an existing Sendmail installation!
Dovecot is the IMAP server that will cooperate with our Postfix installation
On the Debian Wiki you can find a nice article about using SASL with postfix on Debian. There a
chroot environment is used for added security.
Unencrypted logins to your mail server should not be used anymore. Also your mail server should send out mail to other server via a transport encrypted connection. So we are going to use TLS.
# TLS parameters tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom
Please note that
/dev/urandom does not provide the same quality of entropy as
/dev/random. But on virtual servers
/dev/random often can not provide a steady enough stream to be used as random source for large amounts of data that must be encrypted.
There are two sets of configuration options that control the behavior for incoming mail (prefix
smtpd_) and outgoing mail (prefix
smpt_). This is a pitfall if you do not look at the configuration closely.
Define the TLS parameters for incoming mail:
# TLS for incoming mail (postfix is receiver) smtpd_tls_security_level = may smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.example.org/fullchain.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.example.org/privkey.pem smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.example.org/chain.pem smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s smtpd_tls_mandatory_ciphers = medium # 128 bit strength and above Define the TLS parameters for outgoing mail. <code ini> # TLS for outgoing mail (postfix is sender) smtp_tls_security_level = may smtp_tls_cert_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.example.org/fullchain.pem smtp_tls_key_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.example.org/privkey.pem smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.example.org/chain.pem smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
You might be tempted to set
smtp_tls_security_level = encrypt but this might be to restrictive since you can not guarantee that mail clients that you do not control offer TLS. You might lose emails.
To add an alias add a line like the following to
<mail receipient without domain> : <user account>
john.doe : johndoe support : johndoe info : janedoe
Then you have to tell postfix to re-read the aliases table:
postalias /etc/aliases
When I added a new virtual IP address to my server unfortunately the virtual network device had a lower number so that Postfix quietly took this devices IP address for sending messages. The problem was that my domain pointed to the old IP address. Other mail server which did reverse DNS lookup did not except messages from my server anymore.
To specifically bind Postfix to a certain IP address add the following line to the
inet_interfaces = <IP address>
The following section describes a way to migrate a postfix setup and the mailboxes from one server to a different one on Debian Linux.
You can check the Postfix version number with the following command:
postconf -d | grep 'mail_version *='
On both machines create a temporary directory under the
/root directory. This makes sure no other users can read the files while we work on the migration.
mkdir /root/tmp
To make the migration easier we set an environment variable on the source host.
export TARGET_HOST='<hostname>'
If you are migrating to the exact same version of Postfix and the helper applications, copying the configuration files is an option. Otherwise you should spend the extra time to check if the configuration options are still the same or if you have to merge the settings into the new config file structure.
In the source host pack the configuration files and copy them to the new machine.
tar czvf /root/tmp/postfix-config.tar.gz /etc/postfix /etc/aliases scp /root/tmp/postfix-config.tar.gz ${TARGET_HOST}:/root/tmp
On the destination machine unpack and install the configuration files:
cd /root/tmp tar xzvf postfix-config.tar.gz cp /root/tmp/etc/aliases /etc/ cp -r /root/tmp/etc/postfix/s*l /etc/postfix/
Compare the main configuration files. Write down what you have to merge. Copy only if you have written down what you need to adapt.
cp /root/tmp/etc/postfix/main.cf /etc/postfix/ postalias /etc/aliases
Check the following options in
/etc/postfix/main.cf option and exchange where necessary:
Unless you plan to migrate the whole home directories, you can just copy the mailboxes.
Shutdown the mailservers on both machines. We do not want to risk copying mailboxes while a write operation might occur.
service postfix stop
No put the mailboxes into an archive and move them to the new machine.
tar -czvf /root/tmp/user_mailboxes.tar.gz /home/*/mail scp /root/tmp/user_mailboxes.tar.gz ${TARGET_HOST}:/root/tmp
Create the empty user directories if you did not already do that.
adduser <username>
Unpack the mailboxes on the destination machine:
cd / && tar -xzvf /root/tmp/user_mailboxes.tar.gz
Copy the mail under
tar -czvf /root/tmp/var_mailboxes.tar.gz /var/mail scp /root/tmp/var_mailboxes.tar.gz ${TARGET_HOST}:/root/tmp
Check if there is something in the mail spool directory. If yes, migrate analog to the user mailboxes.
du -h /var/spool/mail
Unpack the mail for ''/var/mail' on the destination machine:
cd / && tar -xzvf /root/tmp/var_mailboxes.tar.gz
If you get the following mails regularly
Cron <smmsp@yourserver> test -x /etc/init.d/sendmail && /usr/share/sendmail/sendmail cron-msp
Then sendmail was not properly installed with the installation of Postfix.
Remove the offending packages:
sudo apt-get --purge remove sendmail-base sendmail-cf sendmail-doc
An Elastic IP is an Amazon AWS feature that allows you to keep a fixed IP address an migrate it to a different Using EC2 via the CLI compute node instance when necessary.
When you set up an email server on an EC2 though you will face a problem that the reverse DNS lookup for your Elastic IP address shows an Amazon subdomain. Some mail providers (e.g. GMX) do not accept that and reject your emails.
To fix this you have to fill out a form in the support section of your AWS root account: https://aws.amazon.com/forms/ec2-email-limit-rdns-request


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This quote will be available for 30 days.
Order/Reference #: 092519-1
Clear Polymer Stamp/Acrylic Mount
Image size: 0.8"h x 3.96"w
Cost: $18.95 + s/h calculated by shopping cart.
Purchase of this item is considered proof approval.
This product hasn't received any reviews yet. Be the first to review this product!


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2015 Growth at Any Cost for Indian Economy
December 9, 2014
In a world struggling for growth, India stands out. Promising medium-term prospects come from an extremely low base, and a stark improvement in state-level governance. Credit Suisse economists project India to see the fastest USD nominal GDP growth in 2015, with the growth gap between India and the rest of the world expanding.
CS Views on Global Linkage,
The overall economic impact of lower commodity prices is likely to be slightly positive, but nowhere close to the euphoric consensus views. For the markets, there are two conflicting forces at play—while Indian markets are much more globally linked than the economy, the return of deflationary fears in DMs is likely to drive more QE.
CS Analysts believe the market is likely to continue to pay more for growth, and the Indian market is not expensive yet. It's likely to see the strongest earnings growth, with among the least severe downward revisions. CRedit Suisse's Top Picks in India are – Gujarat Pipavav, Havell's, HCLT, HDFCB, Kajaria, Maruti, STFC and Sun Pharma.
Separately, Goldman Sachs is also OVERWEIGHT on India with a NIFTY target of 9,500 a decent 15% expected return on the Benchmark which translates into around 20% Yield on Diversified basket of Equity Fund.


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House Plants That Don't Need Much Sunlight
House plants add greenery and color to your home all year long. There are house plants for all types of growing conditions, including plants that do not require much sunlight. If you are looking to bring the beauty of the outdoors into your home, but don't have any areas in your home that provide bright sunlight, choose foliage plants and flowering plants that can thrive in low-light conditions.
Peace Lily
Peace lily, or spathiphyllum, is native to the tropical rain forests of Central and South America and southeastern Asia. It grows on the forest floor, which explains why it can thrive with minimal sunlight. Peace lilies have dark green, glossy, oval leaves and striking, white oval flowers. They will fit in with any style decor in your home, and brighten up any corner of a room. Not only do they require low light, but they also don't require a lot of water. Watering once a week is usually sufficient. The soil should be kept moist but well-drained (reference 3). An added benefit to having peace lilies in your home is that they actually clean the indoor air. A NASA study conducted in 1989 rated peace lilies among the top 10 air-cleaning plants for interiors.
Heart-leaf Philodendron
Native to South America, the heart-leaf philodendron (philodendron scandens oxycardium) is an easy-to-grow house plant that requires minimal light. It is characterized by its dark green, glossy, heart-shaped leaves than can be 2 to 6 inches in diameter, and grow off of vines. The vines can become very long, and the plant should be pruned regularly to keep its full appearance. The vines can also be left to trail from its pot or hanging basket, or trained to grow around a support. Soil should be kept moist but well-drained. The heart-leaf philodendron is also very easy to propagate. Simply place a cut stem into water for a few weeks, and roots will develop. Then plant the stem with roots and you will have a new plant. This house plant is toxic if eaten, so deep out of reach of children and pets.
Chinese Evergreen
A native of southeast Asia, Chinese evergreen, or Aglaonema, is one of the easiest indoor plants to care for. It is an adaptable plant and can thrive in very low-light conditions. Its large, pointed, dark green leaves are 6 to 10 inches long, 3 inches wide, and heavily marbled with white, cream or silver. Chinese evergreen make an ideal accent plant, providing a welcome display of color in low-light areas of your home. Every year new hybrids are developed that add to the variations of leaf coloring and pattern. Plant in moist, well-drained soil, and protect your Chinese evergreen from cold and drafts. Chinese evergreen are among the top 10 plants that clean indoor air of pollutants such as formaldehyde, benzene and carbon dioxide, according to a 1989 NASA study. Many people in Asia believe that owning a Chinese evergreen plant will even bring you good luck.
Related Articles


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The Island Hotel - Adults Only
Read more about this Hotel
The Island Hotel offers 4* luxury, adult only accommodation. It is located right in front of the beach and in Goúves area in Crete island. Guests can relax by the outdoor swimming pools or in the Bathhouse which boasts an indoor swimming pool, sauna and massage service. There is also a gym, tennis court and a la carte restaurant.
## Adults Only - 16+ ##
How far is the nearest beach?
The hotel is located 250m from the beach.
Distance from Airport
The hotel is located 17km from Heraklion Airport and 165km from Chania Airport.
All guest rooms feature a private bathroom, air conditioning, direct dial telephone, hairdryer, LCD satellite TV, safety deposit box, Wi-Fi and wired internet access, fridge, tea/coffee making facilities and a balcony or terrace. Extra beds are sofas.
Food & Drink
The 'Kitchen' serves a selection of Cretan dishes and the 'Stone' offers all day dining by the swimming pool. 'Tholos' is the perfect base to gaze at the stars from the terrace or tuck into one of the private party lounges and enjoy the live music. Refreshing drinks and light bites are served at the veranda bar and a la carte. There is also a Greek Taverna.
## Dress code is valid in all restaurants, the dress code is Smart Casual (long trousers are required during dinner). ##
Sports & Entertainment
Guests can relax on the sun terrace by the outdoor swimming pools! The Bathhouse offers an indoor swimming pool, sauna, steam bath, Jacuzzi, massage services and beauty treatments. For the more sportier guests there is a gym! There is also a tennis court, volleyball court, basketball court, billiards, table tennis and air hockey.
- Air Conditioning
- Bar
- Basketball
- By the Beach
- Gym
- Hairdryer
- Indoor Swimming Pool
- Internet Access
- Jacuzzi
- Pool/Billiard Table
- Restaurant
- Safety Deposit Box
- Satellite TV
- Sauna
- Spa
- Steam Bath
- Sunbathing Terrace
- Sunbeds
- Swimming Pool
- Table Tennis
- Tea/Coffee Making Facilities
- Telephone
- Tennis Court(s)
- Terrace
- Wifi


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Galveston: A Charming Island City
With a population of approximately 50,000 residents, Galveston is a coastal city located on Galveston Island and Pelican Island in the U.S. state of Texas. The city is within the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land Metropolitan Area and boasts bustling tourism, health care, shipping, and financial industries. But if you're seeking higher education, the city houses the University of Texas Medical Branch's schools of medicine, nursing, and allied health professions as well as a graduate school of biomedical sciences. Alive with culture, the city is the home to the Galveston Arts Center, the Galveston Art Walk, the Galveston Symphony Orchestra, and the Galveston Ballet. Look beyond the arts to the city's most popular attractions, which include the East End Historic District, where you can enjoy a scenic drive through historic architecture, the Rosenberg Library, the Moody Mansion Museum, and The Strand Historic District. With so many opportunities to grow and attractions to experience, Galveston is the perfect city for a fresh start.


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Museum Information:
154 North Main Street
Jennings, LA 70546
Phone: (337) 824-0114
Hours: Mon-Sat 10-4
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
One wouldn't expect to find a museum of this caliber in a small rural community, but the Zigler doesn't disappoint. In the winter of 2015, the Zigler Art Museum found a new home in the heart of downtown Jennings. Now located in the recently renovated City Hall building at the end of Main Street, the new location affords visitors easy access to Jennings' other art attractions. The modern design of the new space showcases the Zigler's permanent collection to better effect.
The museum's collection surveys and celebrates the development of visual art in Louisiana. Its objects span several hundred years and range from early folk paintings and native crafts to contemporary paintings and sculptures. Highlights from the collection include several works by John James Audubon, a large collection of work by William Tolliver, and Helen Turner's Impressionist painting, Morning. The museum exhibits selections from the permanent collection on a continual basis, and hosts visiting exhibitions which highlight diverse artists and mediums.
The Museum, now located at 154 North Main St. in Jennings, is open year-round Monday to Saturday, 10 a.m. - 4 p.m. The Museum is closed on Sundays and all major holidays.
Admission to the Museum is free for active members, $5 for adults, $4 for seniors and $2 for children 6 and up.
154 North Main Street
Jennings , LA 70546
Call Us
Phone: (337) 824-0114
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Mon: 10am-4pm
Tue: 10am-4pm
Wed: 10am-4pm
Thu: 10am-4pm
Fri: 10am-4pm
Sat: 10am-4pm
Sun: Closed
It's been a hot summer and Super HOT here at ZAM. We have just wrapped up two full sessions of Summer Art and Theatre Camp and had over 80 children in attendance. I'd like to give a special thank you to our teachers and the ZAM staff, as well as the Jeff Davis Arts Council, who partners with us for these programs.
On August 1st, we were thrilled to do a Book Signing for a local member whose family has been a part of our museum for decades. Bill Krielow was here to sign his new book, Once Upon a Time On the Farm. You can still purchase this title in our gift shop. Copies are available for sale for $20.00.
We are honored to have on exhibit now and until October 12th the artwork of Kathryn Keller. It is a beautiful exhibit and the artist will be here on Thursday, August 22nd from 5:00-7:00 p.m. for a Reception. This event, complete with wine and cheese refreshments, is open to the public and free of charge.
We will begin ticket sales for our semi-annual fund raising dinner in September. The fall Fine Wine and Dine will be on October 24, 2019 at 6:00 p.m. Tickets are $125 per person. These evenings are very nice and important to funding the programs here at ZAM.
Moving into November, the museum will begin to ready the gallery for Christmas. We will be offering several special children's art classes and of course, having Santa here for a visit and photo opportunities for families.
Please follow our site for information on the Art Classes we are providing for all ages. They are held in our classroom and the participants enjoy them thoroughly.
As always, I hope you will visit soon and see all of the many beautiful and wonderful things we are so proud of at the Zigler Art Museum.
Celia Joe Black, Director
We love our members! Becoming a member of the museum is the easiest way to show your support. Your membership dollars form the base of our operating support and allow us to offer programming to a wider audience.
Your membership tells everyone that the arts are important and worth supporting. Help us to get the word out and join or renew your membership today!
We have a variety of items from local artists including framed prints, jewelry and pottery


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UPDATE: Mo. School For the Deaf Students Injured in Bus Accident
COLUMBIA - The Missouri School for the Deaf said a charter bus crash in Montgomery County caused minor injuries.
There were 15 students on the bus, all in their early teens. There were also two chaperones on the bus.
The Missouri State Highway Patrol said a 70-year-old man was driving the bus. Officials said he was driving too fast on the exit ramp and the bus went off into the grass and flipped.
Parents have been notified and staff members were sent to University Hospital in Columbia to make sure they have signers to communicate.
The Missouri School for the Deaf said the students were ending their extended school year and were headed home.
The bus had five different stops to drop students off in St. Charles, St. Louis, Arnold, Sikeston and Cape Girardeau.
University Hospital says they treated 18 people total, 15 students and three adults. All had not life-threatening injuries. One student had already been treated and released before 4 p.m. Friday.
Tune in to KOMU 8 News at 5 p.m. and 6 p.m. for the latest team coverage on this breaking story.


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Musings about Leadership, Decision Making, and Competitive Strategy
Saturday, October 31, 2009
Jana Eggers and Spreadshirt
Check out The Hopkinson Report for an interesting podcast about Jana Eggers and her company, Spreadshirt. Eggers' company provides customers with the opportunity to purchase customized, real-time t-shirts on-line, without having to buy large quantities. Customization represents a huge growth opportunity for many companies, yet it seems to have been underexploited in many cases. Has your firm considered how it might offer customized products? They represent an opportunity to differentiate, drive higher margins, and avoid head-to-head price competition with rivals.
1 comment:
- Unknown said...
An even stronger move would be to provide proprietary customization. When the design on the t-shirt is copywrited to someone other than the buyer, that ensures revenue streams into the future.
This is an especially important lesson for those in professional services. Creating and keeping those services customized and personal over the long run is the key to sustained success.
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Available Fall 2020
Country: The Netherlands
Height: 5'9 ft
Weight: 132 lbs
Personal and academic information
Mareen Boomgaard is a 17-year-old girl who is born and raised in Apeldoorn, the Netherlands. She lives here with her parents and her dog. She has an older sister who lives in an apartment on her own. She loves her 2 grandmothers and often visits them.
She is a hard worker who likes to watch soccer on tv or visit a soccer game in her free time. In addition she likes to meet up with her friends to go out and have some ice-cream or ice coffee.
Mareen graduated high school (HAVO level) in June 2019 and is currently taking a gap year. She achieved a TOEFL score of 85 and is scheduled to take her SAT in October 2019.
Athletic information
Mareen started playing soccer when she was just five years old. During her junior career she played mostly in boys teams. At the age of 9 she was selected for the regional KNVB team (Dutch soccer association) where she played soccer with boys. After that she has played with the regional KNVB girls team until the age of 12.
At the age of 12 Mareen was selected to train at Pec Zwolle (Dutch professional soccer Club) and there she combined her soccer practice (4 times a week) and school during the day. At the same time she had to train 2 times a week in the evening and play matches on Saturday with her own club V.V. Albatross in a high level boys team.
Since the age of 16, Mareen has been playing in a women's team at A.S.V. Victoria Boys. That makes her the youngest girl in the team.
Mareen is a right or left forward who also can play as a central striker or as a right back. She is a very technical player with high handling speed and excellent passing. In addition she is fast, has a good overview and is always thinking a few steps ahead. She is right legged, but also has a good left leg.


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United States District Court,
E.D. Wisconsin.
RYDER TRUCK RENTAL, INC., Plaintiff,
NATIONAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF HARTFORD, Defendant.
Case No. 16–C–0437
Signed March 31, 2017
Attorneys and Law Firms
Shannon M. Trevithick, Britton & Associates SC, Mequon, WI, for Plaintiff.
Justin F. Wallace, Nash Spindler Grimstad & McCracken LLP, Manitowoc, WI, for Defendant.
LYNN ADELMAN, United States District Judge
*1 Plaintiff Ryder Truck Rental, Inc. ("Ryder"), commenced this action against the National Fire Insurance Company of Hartford ("National"), alleging that National is required to provide liability coverage to Ryder in connection with a personal-injury suit brought by a third party. National denies that its policy provides coverage to Ryder. Before me now are the parties' cross-motions for summary judgment. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 56.
In 2005, Ryder entered into a contract with Rockline Industries, LLC, in which Ryder agreed to lease trucks to Rockline. The contract required Rockline to maintain a policy of automobile-liability insurance covering both Rockline and Ryder "as insureds for the ownership, maintenance, use, and operation of each" vehicle that Ryder leased to Rockline. Truck Lease & Serv. Agreement § 9.A & Schd. A § 14, ECF No. 20–1.
Rockline purchased a commercial automobile policy from National. The policy includes a "Designated Insured" endorsement stating that "any person or organization which the named insured is obligated to provide insurance where required by a written contract or agreement" is an "insured" under the policy, "but only to the extent that person or organization qualifies as an 'insured' under the Who Is An Insured Provision" of the main coverage form. Policy p. 41, ECF No. 21–1. The policy also includes an endorsement entitled "Lessor—Additional Insured and Loss Payee." This policy extends liability coverage under the policy to a lessor of an auto hired or borrowed by Rockline, but only for " 'bodily injury' or 'property damage' resulting from the acts or omissions by" Rockline, its employees, or any person operating a leased auto with Rockline's permission. Policy p. 40.
On December 11, 2014, Suvad Hadzic and Selva Hadzic filed a complaint in Wisconsin state court against Ryder.1 The complaint alleges that Suvad Hadzic "was severely injured when he stepped onto a step attached to the truck known as Spotter 505034 which was negligently repaired by" Ryder. Hadzic Compl. ¶ 8, ECF No. 20–2. The complaint further alleges that Hadzic's injuries occurred while he "was climbing out of his truck and fell due to a defective step," and that Ryder "was negligent with respect to the repairs made to Spotter 50534 and said negligence was the cause of the plaintiff's injuries and property damage resulting from him losing his footing and falling." Id. ¶ 9. The complaint also alleges a claim for loss of society and companionship on behalf of Selva Hadzic.
Ryder and National agree that the Spotter truck identified in the complaint was one of the trucks that Ryder leased to Rockline under the 2005 lease agreement. Ryder and National also agree that Hadzic was an employee of Rockline at the time of the accident.
Ryder tendered the Hadzics' suit to Rockline, and Rockline tendered the claim to National. National denied coverage for Ryder and, to date, has not provided Ryder with a defense to the Hadzics' claims.
*2 The parties agree that Wisconsin substantive law applies to this case. As the Wisconsin Supreme Court has recognized, "[l]iability insurance policies often contractually obligate an insurer both to defend and to indemnify its insured." Marks v. Houston Cas. Co., 369 Wis.2d 547, 570, 881 N.W.2d 309 (2016). Generally speaking, when courts refer to an insurer's "duty to defend," they mean the insurer's responsibility to defend the insured from all actions brought against the insured based on alleged facts or circumstances falling within the purview of coverage under the policy, regardless of the suit's validity or invalidity. Id. An insurer's duty to indemnify its insured, in contrast, is the insurer's duty to pay all covered claims and judgments against its insured. Id.
The principal issue in this case is whether the Hadzics' complaint triggered National's duty to defend Ryder against their suit. Ryder contends that it did and that National breached its duty to defend by failing to accept Ryder's tender of the defense. National, of course, contends that it has no duty to defend Ryder against the Hadzics' suit.
Under Wisconsin law, to determine whether a third party's suit triggers an insurer's duty to defend, a court compares the language of the insurance policy to the third party's complaint. Marks, 369 Wis.2d at 571, 881 N.W.2d 309. If the complaint, liberally construed, alleges a claim that, if successful, would be covered by the policy, then the insurer has a duty to defend. Id. at 571–75, 881 N.W.2d 309. An insurance policy is interpreted based on what a reasonable person in the position of the insured would have understood the policy terms to mean. Mau v. N. Dakota Ins. Reserve Fund, 248 Wis.2d 1031, 1043, 637 N.W.2d 45 (2001). Any ambiguity in the insurance policy is construed against the insurer. Marks, 369 Wis.2d at 574, 881 N.W.2d 309. Policy language is ambiguous where it is susceptible to more than one reasonable interpretation. Mau, 248 Wis.2d at 1042, 637 N.W.2d 45.
The policy provisions relevant to this case appear in the policy's "Business Auto Coverage Form" under "Section II—Liability Coverage" and in two endorsements related to this form. The Liability Coverage section provides in relevant part that National "will pay all sums an 'insured' legally must pay as damages because of 'bodily injury' or 'property damage' to which this insurance applies, caused by an 'accident' and resulting from the ownership, maintenance or use of a covered 'auto.' " Policy p. 20. It also requires National to defend any insured against a suit for covered damages. Id. ("We have the right and duty to defend any 'insured' against a 'suit' asking for such damages …."). There is no dispute that the Hadzics' complaint alleges that Mr. Hadzic suffered "bodily injury" caused by an "accident" and "resulting from the ownership, maintenance or use of a covered 'auto.' " The language "to which this insurance applies" means that the general insuring clause is subject to the policy's exclusions, s ee Reliance Nat. Ins. Co. v. Hatfield, 228 F.3d 909, 911 (8th Cir. 2000); see also Policy p. 21 (stating that "[t]his policy does not apply to any of the following," and then listing exclusions), and National does not contend that the Hadzics' suit falls within any exclusion. The only dispute is over whether Ryder qualifies as an "insured."
Section II.A.1 of the policy is entitled "Who Is An Insured." It provides as follows:
The following are "insureds":
- You for any covered "auto."
- Anyone else while using with your permission a covered "auto" you own, hire or borrow except:
*3 (1) The owner or anyone else from whom you hire or borrow a covered "auto." This exception does not apply if the covered "auto" is a "trailer" connected to a covered "auto" you own.
(2) Your "employee" if the covered "auto" is owned by that "employee" or a member of his or her household.
(3) Someone using a covered "auto" while he or she is working in a business of selling, servicing, repairing, parking or storing "autos" unless that business is yours.
(4) Anyone other than your "employees," partners (if you are a partnership), members (if you are a limited liability company) or a lessee or borrower or any of their "employees," while moving property to or from a covered "auto."
(5) A partner (if you are a partnership) or a member (if you are a limited liability company) for a covered "auto" owned by him or her or a member of his or her household.
- Anyone liable for the conduct of an "insured" described above but only to the extent of that liability.
The parties agree that Ryder is not an "insured" under the above language. Ryder is not "you," as that term is used in subsection "a" of the Who Is An Insured section, because the policy's preamble defines "you" as "the Named Insured shown in the Declarations," which is Rockline. See Policy p. 19. Ryder also does not fall within the scope of subsection "b" under Who Is An Insured, as Ryder was not using the vehicle at the time of the accident. Finally, subsection "c" does not apply because the Hadzics are not seeking to hold Ryder vicariously liable for the conduct of an insured under subsections "a" or "b." Rather, the Hadzics seek to hold Ryder liable for its own negligence in repairing the step.
Although the parties agree that Ryder is not an "insured" under the main coverage form, Ryder contends, and National disputes, that two endorsements to the main coverage form each make Ryder an "insured" for purposes of the Hadzics' suit. One endorsement is entitled "Designated Insured." The schedule printed on this endorsement identifies "any person or organization which the named insured is obligated to provide insurance where required by a written contract or agreement." The endorsement then states that "[e]ach person or organization shown in the Schedule is an 'insured' for Liability Coverage, but only to the extent that person or organization qualifies as an 'insured' under the Who Is An Insured Provision contained in Section II of the Coverage Form." The endorsement also states that it "identifies person(s) or organization(s) who are 'insureds' under the Who Is An Insured Provision of the Coverage Form" but "does not alter coverage provided in the Coverage Form."
The parties agree that Ryder is a "designated insured," in that it is an organization for which Rockline was obligated to provide insurance pursuant to a written contract or agreement. However, they dispute what coverage is available to a designated insured. Ryder contends that its status as a designated insured means that it is entitled to coverage for the Hadzics' suit. National contends that the designated-insured endorsement does not actually change the Who Is An Insured provision and that because Ryder is not an "insured" under the Who Is An Insured provision, the designated-insured endorsement does not grant Ryder any coverage. For the reasons stated below, I agree with National.
*4 The plain language of the designated-insured endorsement does not grant a "designated insured" any coverage that would not exist in the endorsement's absence. Rather, the endorsement provides that the designated insured is an insured "only to the extent that [the designated insured] qualifies as an 'insured' under the Who Is An Insured Provision contained in Section II of the Coverage Form." Moreover, the endorsement specifically states that it "does not alter coverage provided in the Coverage Form," but instead "identifies person(s) or organization(s) who are 'insureds' under the Who Is An Insured Provision of the Coverage Form." In short, the designated-insured endorsement states in no uncertain terms that it does not actually grant any coverage to a designated insured that has not already been granted to the designated insured by other policy provisions.
If the designated-insured endorsement does not grant a designated insured any coverage that does not already exist under the policy, then what is its purpose? I have been unable to find cases or other legal authority discussing this issue. However, it appears that the purpose of the endorsement is to serve as a document that the named insured can show a third party when that third party questions whether it really is covered for vicarious liability under the Who Is An Insured provision. As one insurance-industry publication states:
One of the significant developments that does not really change anything but still is important is the Designated Insured Endorsement CA 20 48. This endorsement was introduced by ISO [the Insurance Services Office] in 1993 to appease those who not only want to be additional insureds on the commercial auto policies of others, but also want a security blanket of proof; that is, something more than simply confirmation by an insurance certificate.
Donald S. Malecki, Risk Management—Courts still interpreting the Business Auto Policy, Rough Notes Magazine, June 2009, available at http://www.roughnotes.com/rnmagazine/2009/june09/06p080.htm (last viewed March 31, 2017); see also Donald S. Malecki, ISO's designated insured endorsement intended to alleviate confusion over vicarious liability coverage, http://www.roughnotes.com/rnmagazine/search/commercial_lines/96_06p26.htm (last viewed March 31, 2017) (noting that the designated-insured endorsement "does not change anything" but rather "merely confirms the protection that already exists for persons or organizations under the policy for their vicarious liability"). Another insurance-industry commentator makes the same point:
[S]hippers, receivers, and other trucking companies often demand additional insured status. The vicarious liability section of the "Who Is an Insured" section of the policy extends coverage to "anyone liable for the conduct of an insured …" Therefore there is no need to identify these parties as additional insureds—the policy already extends coverage to them. Despite this, it is common for these entities to still require additional insured status. Responding to this industry trend, ISO developed the Designated Insured Endorsement. This endorsement affirms that the named party is an insured for liability coverage, but only to the extent that they qualified already under the "Who Is an Insured" provision of the policy. In short this endorsement modifies nothing under the policy, serving only to placate the demands of the entity requiring proof that they are insured under the policy.
Additional Insureds—Making Sense of a Complicated Issue, June 15, 2003, http://interstate-insurance.com/news/?p=3006 (last viewed March 31, 2017).
Having concluded that the designated-insured endorsement does not make Ryder an "insured" for purposes of the Hadzics' suit, I turn to the second disputed endorsement, which is entitled "Lessor—Additional Insured and Loss Payee." The effect of this endorsement is to expand coverage under the policy with respect to leased autos, and to give the lessor certain rights under the policy, including the right to notice of cancellation of the policy. The relevant part of the coverage provision states as follows:
*5 A. Coverage
- Any "leased auto" designated or described in the Schedule will be considered a covered "auto" you own and not a covered "auto" you hire or borrow.
- For a "leased auto" designated or described in the Schedule, Who Is An Insured is changed to include as an "insured" the lessor named in the Schedule. However, the lessor is an "insured" only for "bodily injury" or "property damage" resulting from the acts or omissions by:
- You;
- Any of your "employees" or agents; or
- Any person, except the lessor or any "employee" or agent of the lessor, operating a "leased auto" with the permission of any of the above.
There is no dispute that the Ryder truck involved in Mr. Hadzic's accident qualifies as a " 'leased auto' designated or described in the Schedule." However, National contends that Ryder is not an "insured" for purposes of the Hadzics' suit because Mr. Hadzic's "bodily injury" did not "result[ ] from the acts or omissions by" Rockline, its employees, or anyone operating the truck with Rockline's permission. For the reasons explained below, I disagree and conclude that the language of this endorsement makes Ryder an "insured" that National must defend against the Hadzics' suit.
The Hadzics' complaint alleges that Mr. Hadzic sustained personal injuries when he stepped onto the step of the truck while exiting the cab and fell. Mr. Hadzic's stepping on the step of the truck was an "act." Moreover, National agrees that, at the time of the accident, Mr. Hadzic was an employee of Rockline. Def. Resp. to Pl. Prop. Finding of Fact ¶ 21.2 Mr. Hadzic's injuries, as alleged in the complaint, thus "resulted from" an act of one of Rockline's employees. Therefore, Ryder is an "insured" for purposes of the Hadzics' suit under § A.2.b of the lessor endorsement.
National argues that Ryder cannot be an "insured" under this reasoning because the Hadzics' complaint does not allege that Mr. Hadzic was negligent or otherwise at fault for his injuries; rather, it alleges that Ryder was negligent in repairing the step. However, while it is true that the Hadzics do not allege that Mr. Hadzic's own negligence or other wrongdoing contributed to his injuries, nothing in the lessor endorsement (or any other part of the policy) states that a lessor is an "insured" for bodily injury resulting from acts or omissions of the named insured's employee only if the employee's act or omission was negligent or otherwise blameworthy. Rather, the endorsement just says "acts or omissions," and the policy does not define these terms at all, much less in a way that incorporates an element of fault. See also Great West Cas. Co. v. National Cas. Co., 53 F.Supp.3d 1154, 1172 (D.N.D. 2014) (interpreting lessor endorsement and concluding that coverage applies even when act of named insured's employee was not negligent or otherwise blameworthy). Moreover, the lessor endorsement does not limit the lessor's coverage to bodily injury resulting exclusively from the employee's act or omission. So although Ryder's negligence was also an alleged cause of the bodily injury, this does not preclude coverage. Finally, I note that nothing in the lessor endorsement suggests that the lessor is covered for acts or omissions of the named insured's employee only if the plaintiff is seeking to hold the lessor vicariously liable for the acts or omissions of the employee. Indeed, the Who Is An Insured provision already covers the lessor (and any anyone else) for vicarious liability, see Policy § A.1.c, and thus limiting coverage under the lessor endorsement to vicarious liability would render the coverage provisions of that endorsement superfluous. In short, because the Hadzics' complaint alleges that Mr. Hadzic's injuries "result[ed] from" his own act of stepping on the negligently repaired step, Ryder is entitled to a defense against the Hadzics' suit.
*6 National cites an unpublished decision of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals, in which the court seemingly interpreted the coverage provisions of the lessor endorsement to include an element of fault. See Ritter v. Penske Trucking Leasing Co., L.P., No. 2011AP2285, 345 Wis.2d 846, 2012 WL 6049186 (Wis. Ct. App. Dec. 6, 2012). In that case, the plaintiff was injured while he was unloading a cargo truck in the dark and, for unknown reasons, a stack of totes fell over onto him. The complaint in that case did not identify what caused the totes to fall, but it did allege that the lessor of the truck was negligent in failing to repair a lightswitch in the cargo area of the truck, which resulted in the plaintiff's unloading the truck in the dark. The plaintiff sued the lessor, and then the lessor tendered the defense to the plaintiff's employer's auto insurer. The lessor argued that it was an additional insured under § A.2.b of the lessor endorsement because it was possible that acts or omissions of the named insured's employees caused the totes to fall over. Id. at *4. The court rejected this argument, reasoning that because the complaint did not explicitly allege that an act or omission of a named insured's employee caused the totes to fall over, the complaint did not allege a claim that made the lessor an "insured." Id.
From the text of the opinion, it is not clear whether the court in Ritter read an element of fault into the "acts or omissions" language in the lessor endorsement. Although the court noted that the complaint did not allege any wrongdoing by the named insured, id. at *1 & *4, the court never explicitly stated that an allegation of wrongdoing was necessary to trigger coverage. Rather, the court rejected the lessor's claim of coverage based on the lack of any allegation in the complaint as to who committed the act or omission that caused the totes to fall over. Id. at *4. The court did not also state that, if the complaint had alleged that a named insured's employee caused the totes to fall over, coverage would exist only if the complaint also alleged that the employee's act or omission was negligent or otherwise wrongful. Thus, Ritter is not necessarily inconsistent with my decision here. However, even if it is, that would not matter. Because Ritter is an unpublished decision of Wisconsin's intermediate appellate court, I am not bound by it. See Allstate Ins. Co. v. Menards, Inc., 285 F.3d 630 (7th Cir. 2002). Moreover, the court did not give any reasons for reading an element of fault into the "acts or omissions" language in the lessor endorsement (if in fact it read such an element into that language), and thus the case has no persuasive value. Therefore, to the extent Ritter suggests that the lessor endorsement provides coverage to a lessor only if a negligent or otherwise wrongful act of the named insured caused the plaintiff's bodily injury, I do not follow it.
In sum, Ryder is not entitled to coverage under the designated-insured endorsement. However, because the Hadzics' complaint alleges that Mr. Hadzic's injuries resulted from his own act of stepping on the negligently repaired step, Ryder is entitled to coverage as an additional insured under the lessor endorsement. Therefore, in refusing to defend Ryder against the Hadzics' suit, National breached its duty to defend.
The final issue is the scope of relief to award Ryder. The relief Ryder requested in its complaint is a declaratory judgment. And because I have determined that National has a duty to defend Ryder against the Hadzics' suit, I will enter a declaratory judgment to that effect. Under Wisconsin law, because National has breached its duty to defend, it is also liable to Ryder for the costs and attorneys' fees that Ryder incurred to date in defending itself against the Hadzics' suit. See, e.g., Elliot v. Donahue, 169 Wis.2d 310, 318, 485 N.W.2d 403 (1992). Further, National is liable to Ryder for the costs and attorneys' fees that Ryder incurred in establishing its right to coverage, i.e., the costs and attorneys' fees that it incurred in the present action. Id. at 322, 485 N.W.2d 403. To date, Ryder has not submitted evidence as to these amounts, and thus I cannot enter a money judgment. Perhaps the parties will be able to stipulate to the amount of costs and fees. If they cannot, I will schedule further proceedings for the purposes of determining the amount of costs and attorneys' fees to which Ryder is entitled.
*7 In addition to the above relief, Ryder requests a declaratory judgment stating that, because National breached its duty to defend, National is also liable for any judgment entered in the Hadzics' suit in excess of National's policy limits. Ryder's request is based on Wisconsin cases holding that, where an insurer has breached its duty to defend, it is liable for all damages that result from its breach of duty, including any judgment that has been entered against the insured while the insured was left to defend itself. See Maxwell v. Hartford Union High Sch. Dist., 341 Wis.2d 238, 263–64, 814 N.W.2d 484 (2012); Newhouse v. Citizens' Sec. Mut. Ins. Co., 176 Wis.2d 824, 837–39, 501 N.W.2d 1 (1993). However, at this point, Ryder has incurred no liability to the Hadzics, whether in excess of the policy limits or otherwise, as no settlement or judgment has been entered in that case. Indeed, the Hadzics' suit has been informally stayed pending the conclusion of this coverage action. Thus, at this point, National's breach of its duty to defend has not caused Ryder to incur liability in excess of the policy limits. If in the future Ryder is able to show some causal connection between National's breach of its duty to defend and Ryder's liability to the Hadzics in excess of National's policy limits, then perhaps National will be liable for the full amount of Ryder's liability to the Hadzics, without regard to its policy limits. But at present, I have no grounds for declaring that National will ultimately be liable for any judgment in excess of the policy limits.
For the reasons stated, IT IS ORDERED that the plaintiff's motion for summary judgment (ECF No. 17) is GRANTED to the extent that the court will enter a declaratory judgment stating that National has breached its duty to defend Ryder against the Hadzics' suit and is liable for the costs and attorneys' fees that Ryder has incurred in defending against the Hadzics' suit and in establishing coverage in this action. In all other respects, the plaintiff's motion is DENIED.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the defendant's motion for summary judgment (ECF No. 23) is DENIED.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that a telephonic status conference will be held on Wednesday, April 26th at 11:15 a.m. for the purpose of determining whether further proceedings are necessary to establish the amount of costs and attorneys' fees to which Ryder is entitled under this order. The court encourages the parties to discuss this issue in advance of the conference and attempt to arrive at a stipulation as to the amount of such costs and attorneys' fees.
All Citations
— F.Supp.3d —-, 2017 WL 1194663
Ryder later removed the case to the Eastern District of Wisconsin, and that case is pending before me. See E.D. Wis. Case No. 15–C–0146.
I note that the Hadzics' complaint does not expressly allege that Mr. Hadzic was an employee of Rockline at the time of the accident. However, National has not argued that this fact had to be expressly alleged in the complaint in order to trigger its duty to defend.


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