text:
Car Hire at Carcassonne Airport Reviews from Car Hire Search users
The car was ready when we arrived and made a joint inspection with the car hire representative. There was a dent in the rear bumper area which was noted. When reversing it was obvious that the dent had interfered with the reversing sensors, but apart from that there were no problems.Reviewed by stephen 26 October 16
i OFTEN GET MY CARS FROM ENTERPRISE/CITER.THEIR PERSONAL SERVICE IS SECOND TO NONEReviewed by ALAN BREMNER 09 November 15
Pick up and drop off was. Straightforward. Person dealing with it spoke good English and was polite.Reviewed by Hilary Dix 21 October 15
Car was ready. Vehicle in scratched condition. Was not made fully aware they do not accept debit cards except for small print this should have been made more clear. Found rental man quite rude. Would not use againReviewed by L and D 17 October 15
A slightly scratched Twingo which worked perfectly well. Good service from Entrrprise.Reviewed by Eric the Red 25 September 15
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although had a short wait to collect the staff member was efficient, polite and pleasantReviewed by percy mccloskey 21 September 15
Electronic booking system down, agreements rewritten manually, longer process but as our bags were off the plane quickly we were third in the queueReviewed by Mark Sixsmith 15 September 15
Car was ready and very economic on the fuel consumptionReviewed by Rupert 13 September 15
Excellent service from the young lady who served us and a very good clean car. Return process quick and efficient. However, two points on collection. Firstly we had to wait nearly 30 minutes because one of the 2 people serving had gone to lunch and didn't come back for the rest of the day! Also, the rep tried to sell us satnav, which we declined and then found that our car had satnav in it anyway. Worth checking before you rent satnav. It meant we had to use it in French, but not difficult!Reviewed by Andy H 04 September 15
No queues, the car was ready, clean and as ordered, staff very efficient and friendlyReviewed by Craig 02 September 15
Had to wait for nearly an hour at the desk which wasn't great after the flight had been delayed by an hour and we had a fairly long drive in France to come. Happy with the car itself save that it should have had a service and kept beeping to tell us it needed servicing which was pretty annoyingReviewed by Adrian Wallbank 19 August 15
Arrived early at Carcassone Airport to find that the car was ready and we had been upgraded. Was advised to check the car over before we left the airport and we're glad we did as there was a scrape on one if the alloys that hadn't been noticed. No problems at all from booking via the Internet to returning the car. Would definitely use again.Reviewed by J B 15 August 15
I was really pleased upgraded our car on arrival to a bigger car with out extra costReviewed by David Hopkins 18 July 15
The counter staff were excellent, very friendly and helpful. The car was ready and in excellent condition. The online booking was very simple and quick and no hidden extra charges. I would definitely recommend this company.Reviewed by JI 08 July 15
Very easy from start to finish - car was ready and waiting at pick up point. Vehicle was in good condition - I don't think we got the car we had booked. The vehicle we were given was in Group G, we had booked a group H. A a result of this things were pretty cramped for our group and luggage.Reviewed by Val 06 July 15
Our whole experience was very straightforward from booking to pick up and return . Staff had excellent English and were extremely pleasant and helpful.Reviewed by DB 20 May 15
Our car was a super little Renault Twingo - perfect for knocking-about. The price was extremely good. I would rate the hire company very highly - a swift, professional and friendly service. We couldn't fault it!Reviewed by Bob and Helen 11 May 15
Excellent service recieved. Very helpful staff. We were given a free upgrade which was fantastic. We were really impressed by the service and it is the best car hire experience we have had so far and we do hire cars on a regular basis.Reviewed by Stuart keeling 24 April 15
Friendly staff who spoke good English. Quick service and they staff check the car for scratches with us which was helpful. Car park very poor but not a big issue.Reviewed by MBW 03 April 15
Easy to book-all information was clearly presented. The cost of the car was in line with other providers but more than double the combined cost of the return flights for the two of us. Although we would have liked both of us to be able to drive, we did not pay for an extra driver, as this would have further increased the cost. It was busy at the car rental desk so we had to wait but car was ready and all procedures dealt with quickly and pleasantly.Reviewed by Michael 08 February 15
Be careful when hiring, as most companies will want you to return the car empty which is poor value for money. National do a full to full policy, which is more convenient. Lots of petrol stations around the Airport so not difficult to fill up.Reviewed by tracy 04 November 14
Prompt efficient service as always from Autoeurope. Car was in good condition with low mileage and very economical the reception desk was very busy and had only 2 staff working and we had to wait an hour to get the car. This was the only downsideReviewed by Tony 31 October 14
Car was Clean and in good working order. CITER hire at Carcassonne is massively under staffed, it took over an hour to get the car.Reviewed by Hayden Kearns 21 September 14
Poor organisation at Carcassonne airport desk: it takes half as long as the flight to get your hire car keys. There must be a better way of dealing with flight arrivals. I was astonished to be told to vacuum clean the interior before returning the vehicle - which was poorly presented with significant paint damage to the bonnet. Other than that the car was fine.Reviewed by McSporran 21 September 14
Had to wait quite a while to get vehicle and the sales advisor was very pushy trying to sell the collision damage waiver, I had already purchased this on line when I paid for the rental agreement, he said that the one I had purchased was not sufficient, he told me to ring up and cancel it. I asked him to call and spoke to someone who advised me the only difference was that I would have to pay upfront if I had a accident, and then claim it back. When I returned my call, the same agent was getting someone else to ring up and cancel it.Reviewed by Helen Columbine 05 September 14
We had to wait nearly an hour in the queue at the airport as there were only two ladies working and lots of people waiting. The vehicle wasn't in the carpark near the office, we did check it and there were a couple of scratches so we went back to the office, they didn't want to come and check but did mark it on the sheet. When we returned the vehicle the lady did check the vehicle and was really friendly.Reviewed by John Williams 29 August 14
Smooth process, friendly staff, lovely car...all in all a happy and repeatable experience...Thrifty/Hertz were great..Reviewed by Arthur D 25 August 14
I was concerned over the level of insurance I would get. It said 3rd party in the contract. I called Car Del Mar who said it was fully comprehensive but did not cover the first 800 Euro. On collection Eurocar was ambiguous about the level of insurance but I had taken out the deposit protection from a UK insurer. I think Car Del Mar should make things clearer about insurance - no one in their right mind would take out only 3rd party insurance on a hire car - would they??? The car was ready but considering all was paid it took a long time to go through the paperwork!. Car fuel was empty - should have been full so we had to go back; also minor scratches on wing mirrors that we had to report.Reviewed by Mike 21 August 14
There were clear instructions however at the care hire they did not need the voucher but required the actual booking details. All information came through promptly and was easy to download and print.Reviewed by Helen 13 August 14
efficient , easy serviceReviewed by infrequent reviewer 02 August 14
WE WOULD DEFINATELY USE THEM AGAINReviewed by M SIMPSON 09 July 14
Excellent serviceReviewed by sb 23 June 14
The paperwork took a while but apart from that everything was fine.Reviewed by Thomas McGregor 23 June 14
Yes all good. car and companyReviewed by DE 12 June 14
Good service from Auto Europe as usual. Europcar/Alamo are too slow with checking the car in and out. Quite pedantic with paperwork, especially when a rent with them through AutoErope many times a year - why do they have to fill out a new customer record each time?Reviewed by James 07 June 14
The car was ready but the assistant at Eurocar, Carcassonne Airport was really under pressure due to unforseen circumstances.. We had to wait nearly 2hrs for the car, but the assistant, Anne Laure was really nice and professional. We were upgraded, the car was fine but we would have preferred a smaller one as requestedReviewed by Fiona Jackson 31 May 14
Very happy with the car hire and service. The car was only new 6000miles on clock....well kept and smooth running. The service desk assistant was quick and courteous. We were happy to have a car from any agent other than FIREFLY!!!! Avoid FIREFLY at all costs Europcar very satisfactory experience am using them again in May 14Reviewed by Tony 22 April 14
No problems with our car hire experience in terms of the vehicle or the staff service. One thing I would like to remark on is the policy of charging for a full tank of fuel regardless of how much is left in the tank on return.. there is no rational explanation for this policy other than to blatantly overcharge customers for fuel. It's an all too common practice in Europe and needs to be dealt with.Reviewed by Errol 11 October 13
Car Hire Searchresponds...
Hello Errol, yes we agree on the fuel policy. We have recently introduced a new feature allowing you to view the suppliers offering full/full fuel policies in our results. This should help with any future car rentals.
Service was excellent. I didn't book until the day before, and a lot of the companies I looked at were very expensive, Holiday Autos hadn't increased the prices. I usually buy the extra insurance separately as it's always normally expensive from a carhire firm, but Holiday Autos price was reasonable, so also booked that with them. Email confirmation received immediately, and no problems with the provider of the vehicle. It was easy to find at the airport, and they were efficient and friendly. Got a slight upgrade in car which was nice, so all in all, a good service. You hear so many horror stories about car hire abroad, with people being ripped off, that it's good not to be in that position.Reviewed by J H 16 September 13
Great price and easy process. Would definitely use again.Reviewed by Chris Willis 06 September 13
Good serviceReviewed by Steve 02 September 13
V good service. My only small issue would be that it wasn't made clear that I needed to print off my reservation form and it therefore took me some time to identify the actual car provider at the airport.Reviewed by Barratt 17 August 13
The car was ready and the paperwork very quick and easy. The car was in excellent condition in fact it was brand new. It was the perfect size for two and economical on fuel. Rental cost quite expensive but this seems to be the case for hire in France.drop off was equally quick. Staff spoke fluent English.Reviewed by cp 12 August 13
Everything OK. Car ready and good condition. Disappointed that car did not have aircon. Don't remember that this was stated beforehand, as I would have opted to have it, even if it meant price increase. Other than that all satisfactory.Reviewed by J Santler 17 July 13
Although I was given a different car to that which I had chosen, the rental company waived the 'young driver' fee for my son, in return for giving me a lower spec vehicle, therefore I was very satisfied.Reviewed by COLIN Williams 09 July 13
Good service at a competitive priceReviewed by KA 01 July 13
The car was ready and staff were very helpful. The car was in adequate condition, damaged on one side and not the best to drive but it was ok. Company was helpful and explained everything clearly.Reviewed by Sarah Cox 01 July 13
The whole experience was most satisfactory - through booking, collection and return. At Carcassonne probably both processes together took less than 10 minutes. The gentleman dealing with our booking was courteous and helpful and gave us an upgraded vehicle which was a pleasant surprise. The car was virtually brand new and the interior was in immaculate condition however we were advised that a previous customer had unfortunately left some some superficial scrapes down one side. We decided not to add to them! And those who have used the car hire compound at Carcassonne airport (especially in the rain) will recognise a comparison to the typical conditions at the Glastonbury Festival.Reviewed by Michael 21 June 13
Car was ready and staff were courteous and helpful. The vehicle was in good condition and I had been upgraded to a better vehicle than I had bookedReviewed by Anne 10 June 13
Good car, good price. Not the car I'd asked for but a higher spec vehicle with automatic everything. Can't complain...Reviewed by CB 10 June 13
Overall a great experience. Will use next time as pick up and check in of car was easy. Nice car and great service.Reviewed by Nick Cawood 09 June 13
Car, Peugeot 208, was excellent, very clean and no problems encountered during our two week hire in Southern France. Unfortunately, we had a small accident (not our fault!) and the hire company was most helpful. We would definitely use them again.Reviewed by MJE 09 May 13
Very good would use againReviewed by Munsterman 06 May 13
I did not have any contact with AE but all went well with car hire itself. The hire staff were average. The car was good but had a faulty fuel gauge which led to a little strife. It was a good hire.Reviewed by charles lewis 02 May 13
The car was ready when I arrived and the rental process was quick and painless. Car was in excellent condition and well equipped. Drop off was quick and easy and the services provided by the rental company were excellent. A plus was that the agent spoke excellent English!Reviewed by J. Heisner 26 April 13
Carcassonne airport car hire area needs TLC - you have to pick your way through deep puddles. Car and attitude of staff very good.Reviewed by DB - Dorset 14 April 13
No problems. Would have liked the additional driver at no extra cost but that's a lease issue I supposeReviewed by Tony 13 April 13
We looked online for a car hire at Carcassonne And it came up with Auto Europe as a very reasonable price. we decided to book with them in the end. The only thing i wasnt happy about is that. when we arrived at the airport and went to get the car. We didnt have enough deposit for the car. it was stated in the terms & conditions that we had to pay a deposit but it didnt state how much. The very rude lady from the car collection was not helpfull at all. We needed to pay £400 deposit on the card we booked with for them to hold as deposit. We had a couple of hundred put by for this. and offered her the rest in cash but the very rude lady was not prepared to help us out in anyway what so ever. she would have left us at the airport with no car unless we get the full £400 on the card. This put us in a very stressfull situation. She kept on at us saying no money on card, then no car. As we stood with my wife and 2 children stuck at the airport with no means of transport to our destination and very upset. The last resort was to call home and get my disabled father to pay for us. but she would not take another card payment. We had to get him to go to our bank and pay in the £400 so we could get on our way. So all in all i would not rate the car company we picked the car up off at all. and would never use again.Reviewed by Jon 05 April 13
Car was ready when I arrived, it was very good condition and very clean. Picking the car up was very easy and they were helpful in telling me exactly where the car was. The company was good and I rate it highly and would recommend and use it again.Reviewed by Mrs Pauline Huelin 25 March 13
service was excellent, both at collection and dropping offReviewed by willie L 25 February 13
Good quick service at the Airport very pleasant people, little problem with the car but resolved.Reviewed by Michael Hornett 21 February 13
We were met by friendly helpful staff, our car was ready and in excellent condition. full marks, well done. We will use the service again.Reviewed by maire 14 January 13
no problems this trip but i once missed my flight , i immediately phoned carhire 3000 who were very sympathetic, i cancelled the car for that trip and reorganised it. they hve always been helpful when ive neede d to query anythingReviewed by elizabeth hunt 13 November 12
The company was excellent ,the staff are very nice and helpfull and we had a lovely new car ,no problems at all .Reviewed by Seamus flood 01 November 12
No problems and hassle freeReviewed by CPW 16 October 12
The paperwork suggested that there was a desk in the terminal to collect the car keys from but this was not correct. As the paperwork DID NOT inform me who the hire company was I had to physically que at every car hire office in the car park until I found somebody who recognised my name and details. This took almost one hour and as you can imagine left me quite narked by the time I collected the car.Reviewed by David Emmins 15 October 12
Only downside was a slightly tricky pick up arrangement with a need to phone a number that was not very prominently displayed on an office door. Ok if you have a phone and speak French. Otherwise excellent and good value.Reviewed by Bruichaladdich 04 October 12
The car was ready on arrival. It was very clean and comfortable. The price was OK for a couple of days but not exactly cheap. The office was closed when the car was returned but a box was available to deposit the key. All in all a good experience.Reviewed by Herr Deutsch 20 September 12
Everything was fine. Nice new vehicle - VW Polo diesel and used very little fuel. Car had to be returned full of fuel. The provider offers the option of returning it empty in which case you have to purchase the full tank on collection. As the car did 80 miles per gallon we were never going to use all of this so we just topped up prior to returning. Car Hire offices are easy to find at Carcassonne airport, had to wait only about 10 minutes to be seen - very small queue. Thanks for an east transaction.Reviewed by Alan WALL 16 September 12
He had to cancel our trip due to illness. Your customer service team were excellent.Reviewed by David Cook 09 September 12
Due to an accident and subsequent 3-hour tailback on the North Circular route towards the airport, I missed my Saturday flight and had to rebook for Sunday. I phoned the agency, got a very helpful and efficient response, and they notified the supplier that I'd be arriving the following day. Excellent service, the small car (Twingo) was great, quite new and zippy. Would have been nice to have a clean windscreen (inside) and maybe a few quid off the hire for 18 hour delay! And the charges for filling up (Geant pumps are a bit confusing - however, can't blame Europcar for that) are REALLY REALLY HIGH. Be warned! .Reviewed by TA 07 September 12
Car was ready. Free upgrade. Good service at the airport.Reviewed by lloyd edwards 01 September 12
The car was ready on arrival, the vehicle as good as expected but the real bonus was the excellent service and efficency of the French member of staff of the car rental company and more than happy to use this company again and recommend.Reviewed by Andrew 27 August 12
I asked for a VW Golf but was given an upgrade to a Mondeo. I had asked for a Golf as I am familiar with the controls. I went to the car and found that the Mondeo did not have a conventional key. I went back to the office to ask for help as to how to start the car. The sales person tried to explain in french and was loath to come to the car to help.He quickly explained that the key has only to be in the car. When I asked him how to open the petrol cap he did not know. I did not feel that I was getting a supportive service. The car itself was very clean and worked very well.Reviewed by J.Macfarlane 26 August 12
Excellent car provided in a difficult period. I went to France on the death of my Father so was very short notice. Excellent car and service provided at Carcassonne , cannot praise the service enough, Thankyou Car was brand new, no damage, clean inside and tank was fullReviewed by Rupert 24 August 12
Great service. Good value. Very helpful and friendly staffReviewed by Ian Minichiello 08 August 12
The car was only a few weeks old but had a faulty Satnav. It was returned to the Hire Centre but they were unable to provide a replacement car although they did provide a portable sat nav.Reviewed by Tom C 07 August 12
Email communication was prompt and had our voucher sent through quickly. Apart from that, we didn't have any contact with Holiday Autos itself so cannot really comment on their customer service.Reviewed by MB 06 August 12
Out standing value for money and out standind service i will be booking again next yearReviewed by sharon miloudi 02 August 12
The experience with National Citerl at carcassonne was a good one. The pick up process was easy, the counter staff were bi-lingual, but we made the effort with our pidgeon french. The neccessary details were made plain, including returning the car witha full tank. We had a Citroen Picccasso, which was a great little car for 4. the only problem was the lack of a First Aid kit, and a breathalyzer, which are both mandatory in France. We made sure the Tank was full on return, and the dropping off process was equally simple. We would use National Citer again at Carcassonne, and would also use the Excess Waiver insurance which we took out prior to travelling.Reviewed by Andrew Dear 24 July 12
Alamo where the company. Very pleasant young man when picking up ca was nice. Only criticism.. £3000 euros was too bigger deposit, and despite this deposit they would not have checked the car with me when I dropped it off. I had to insist!Reviewed by Simon Libovitz 10 July 12
All went smoothly at the airport pick up point, the only problem being damage on the car that wasn't listed on the cars damage list.The car however was clean inside and out and was reliable and gave no cause for complaint.Reviewed by Peter Allsop 06 July 12
Easy to set up, no delays on picking up, or returning, the car. Car was new (500 Km) so was a bit nervous. As with almost all of the hirers the waiver insurance cost always seems too high to warrant. This element could be improved.Reviewed by LES WOOD 27 June 12
Everything was fineReviewed by Nick 26 June 12
I left my camera in the car when I returned it and your agent managed to retrieve it and send it to me in London. I was most impressed by and grateful for her helpfulness and efficiency.Reviewed by Anonymous 26 June 12
Car ready, not easy to find. Clean inside, dirty outside. Representative not very helpful as we struggled to find the car having been sent in the wrong direction by him twice.Reviewed by franco 02 June 12
Very good service.Reviewed by Alex Kitama 14 May 12
very smooth service. good all round. no problems and straight forward.Reviewed by miichael lucas 09 May 12
very pleased with the replacment car and hope to use you again soon,Car was ready and nice and clean. Lady who took our booking was very good, ThanksReviewed by noel 29 February 12
Car Hire Carcassonne Airport rated 3 / 5 based on 89 customer reviews


text:
A bride told me she wants gerber daisies on her cake, then sent me this picture... These don't look like gerber daisies to me! But she wants these, in pink instead of white. I'm assuming they're gumpaste and I've only ever done gumpaste roses, so I'd like to do a search for a tutorial on how to make these. Any suggestions on what to search or how to make these? Thanks!
They look like dahlias to me.
Me too.
Me too. They could be piped with a stiff frosting. The combination of some piped and some gumpaste could be nice.
To me they almost look like a double or triple ponsettia. I would think that is how you could start out making then and just add layers until you get that look.
I kind of thought they looked like a poinsettia too!! I've made those out of RI before, so maybe I should try these the same way. I'm going to search for gumpaste dahlias and see what I can come up with. Thanks for the help everyone!
They look like poinsettas to me. Dahlias look more like mums.

subset: commoncrawl


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Communicate with your Brothers/sister Marines.
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Marine and wife story of his Homecoming wins Pulitzer Prize
but the Homecoming was in a gray casket:
Pulitzer Prize winners speak about covering families of slain Marines for story
By Ron Knox
The Rocky Mountain News
Sunday, October 15, 2006
It was, and is, a story of humanity. Before Jim Sheeler and Todd Heisler wrote and photographed it, it was a story no one had ever heard before.
On Saturday, Sheeler and Heisler spoke at Kansas University about the year's worth of reporting on the families of fallen Marines that won them two Pulitzer Prizes, journalism's highest honor.
"It is the perfect blend of pictures and words," said Rich Clarkson, a Denver photographer who introduced the speakers.
But for Sheeler, a Rocky Mountain News reporter, and Heisler, a News photographer, winning the field's ultimate prize took teamwork. So Saturday, at Kansas Editors Day, sponsored by KU's School of Journalism, the two were joined by News editor and publisher John Temple and Marine Maj. Steve Beck, who was the journalists' lead source and gateway into the lives of the families.
Beck, who was stationed as a commander in Buckley Air Force Base in Colorado, served as the area's Causality Assistance Calls Officer, informing the families of Marines that they had lost a child or spouse.
Editors Day was a time for writer, photographer and editor to share a public talk with Beck, the man who made the story - and the award - possible.
For every story one of the newspapermen shared, Beck had another angle, another take on what was a yearlong process of learning and sharing.
From their first meeting in Beck's office, he said he understood what Sheeler and Heisler would have to see for the story to be right, be complete.
"I knew the journey I would have to take them on for them to truly understand," Beck said.
From the beginning, Heisler said, he and the newspaper staff knew that the story would require one of a paper's most important resources: time.
They needed the time to get close, to live the lives of the Marines and their families.
"We had to live it," he said. "That's how we accomplished what we did."
The accomplishments didn't come without some initial roadblocks, they said. The original idea was to tell the story of one family who had lost a Marine.
But the family was not interested in doing the story, which happens, Heisler said. Instead, the journalists decided to focus on a larger picture - which, in the end, made the story what it was.
As the year between November 2004 and November 2005 passed, Heisler and Sheeler said they learned what the boundaries were, how and when to ask for permission to get closer. As Beck said, eventually he stopped looking out for the two; they knew what to do on their own.
"There came a time when I could just relax and not worry about them," Beck said.
From there, the two followed Beck and the families of fallen Marines for months. Then, in the basement of the Rocky Mountain News, Sheeler sat surrounded by Heisler's photographs and wrote the story.
Bit by bit, it came together.
Then, just before the story's publication, Sheeler went to Beck's house to show him the story, to make sure his words held only truth.
Sheeler, Beck and Beck's wife, Julie, all read the story. Long after Sheeler and Julie Beck finished, the Marine Major still scanned the words.
When they asked Beck what was taking so long, Sheeler said at KU Saturday, the Marine answered:
"You're reading it. I'm reliving it."
The Story: http://denver.rockymountainnews.com/news/finalSalute/
I offer a hand salute to Maj. Beck, the family of the slain Marine and to the reporters for a BRAVO ZULU!!!
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As the second most recent ice age was ending and its glaciers began to retreat, the Earth experienced a large, abrupt climate change that shifted the thermal equator southward by about 4 degrees, according to a new study that for the first time tracks that shift in millennial detail, showing how the Northern Hemisphere cooled and the Southern Hemisphere warmed over the span of a few hundred years. The change would have affected the monsoons, today relied on to feed more than half the world's population, and could have helped tip the climate system over the threshold for deglaciation, said lead author Allison Jacobel.
climate data and reconstructions
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|Analyses of climate fields based on historical, instrumental and paleoclimatic data; El Nino and Southern Oscillation; ocean data assimilation; statistical studies of climate variability from observations and models
News items
January 22, 2016
January 14, 2013An American atmospheric chemist who led efforts to identify the cause of the Antarctic ozone hole and a French geochemist who extracted the longest-yet climate record from polar ice cores have won the prestigious Vetlesen Prize. Susan Solomon and Jean Jouzel will share the $250,000 award, considered to be the earth sciences' equivalent of a Nobel.


text: Etchen Commercial Plumbing Commercial Plumbing Blog 313-794-2609 Detroit or 734-855-6336 Livonia Leak Detection Services by Andrew Etchen on Saturday, March 30, 2019 0 Etchen Commercial Plumbing is now offering leak detection services. We are pleased to announce the acquisition of sophisticated, state of the art listening and location equipment used to detect hard to find piping in walls, ceilings, and underground. Read More Booster pump solution by Andrew Etchen on Monday, November 21, 2016 0 Read More Outside sump discharge piping re-routed to the city storm sewer by Andrew Etchen on Sunday, November 20, 2016 0 Read More No roots and the drain backs up all the time. by Andrew Etchen on Friday, November 18, 2016 0 Read More Grease traps and interceptors by Andrew Etchen on Friday, November 18, 2016 0 Read More Recent Posts Leak Detection ServicesBooster pump solutionOutside sump discharge piping re-routed to the city storm sewerNo roots and the drain backs up all the time.Grease traps and interceptorsRight tools for the job!commercial ice machineLarge commercial air compressor projectWater control and managementA.D.A. restroom with proper accessories Categories Company (15) Customers (13) Products (10) Root (8) Solutions (12) Archives Previous 1 2 3 Next


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Sao Paulo Medical Journal
Print version ISSN 1516-3180On-line version ISSN 1806-9460
Sao Paulo Med. J. vol.120 no.4 São Paulo July/Aug. 2002
Original Article
MIDAS (Migraine Disability Assessment): a valuable tool for work-site identification ofmigraine in workers in Brazil
Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, Brazil.
Yara Dadalti Fragoso
CONTEXT: MIDAS was developed as a fast and efficient method for identification of migraine in need of medical evaluation and treatment. It was necessary to translate MIDAS, originally written in English, so as to apply it in Brazil and make it usable by individuals from a variety of social-economic-cultural backgrounds.
OBJECTIVE: To translate and to apply MIDAS in Brazil.
SETTING: Assessment of a sample of workers regularly employed by an oil refinery.
SETTING: Refinaria Presidente Bernardes, Cubatão, São Paulo, Brazil.
PARTICIPANTS: 404 workers of the company who correctly answered a questionnaire for the identification and evaluation of headache. When the individual considered it to be pertinent to his own needs, there was the option to answer MIDAS as well.
METHODS: MIDAS, originally written in English, was translated into Brazilian Portuguese by a neurologist and by a translator specializing in medical texts. The final version of the translation was obtained when, for ten patients to whom it was applied, the text seemed clear and the results were consistent over three sessions.
MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Prevalence and types of primary headaches, evaluation of MIDAS as a tool for identification of more severe cases.
RESULTS: From the total of 419 questionnaires given to the employees, 404 were returned correctly completed. From these, 160 persons were identified as presenting headaches, 44 of whom considered it worthwhile answering MIDAS. Nine of these individuals who answered MIDAS were identified as severe cases of migraine due to disability caused by the condition. An interview on a later date confirmed these results. Three were cases of chronic daily headache (transformed migraine) and six were cases of migraine.
CONCLUSIONS: MIDAS translated to Brazilian Portuguese was a useful tool for identifying severe cases of migraine and of transformed migraine in a working environment. The workers did not consider MIDAS to be difficult to answer. Their high level of voluntary participation demonstrates that this medical condition was of real interest among the workers, whether they were sufferers or not.
KEY WORDS: MIDAS. Migraine. Headache.
Migraine is essentially an episodic primary headache syndrome, moderate to severe in intensity, which is able to induce functional disability in a large number of cases. There is no epidemiological data from large population studies in Brazil, but it is generally accepted that the prevalence of migraine is of the order of 18% among females and 6% among males.1 Most sufferers have high frequency of attacks during the productive years of their lives, disrupting their capacity to work on the migraine attack days. Even if not absent from work, these sufferers have lower productivity during the headache attacks. A recent survey in Brazil showed that in a particular company, up to US$ 126.00 was potentially lost annually with each migraine worker.2 Recently, Brazilian surveys on the prevalence and impact of migraine have shown that this condition is not only highly prevalent, but indeed very disabling.3-6
Starting in 1998, a group of medical specialists created and implemented a questionnaire to assess the impact of disability in migraine.7-9 Usually, the reason why a patient seeks medical attention is the pain in the migraine attack. Likewise, the pain is the usual symptom treated by the doctor. However, it is the disability created by the migraine attack as a whole that will interfere the most in the productive life of an otherwise healthy individual and that will ultimately determine the proposals for continuous treatment.10-12
The questionnaire thus created, named MIDAS for "Migraine Disability Assessment", has proven to be a useful tool in identifying migraineurs with different degrees of headache-related disability. Furthermore, this questionnaire is brief, simple to use, consistent, highly reliable, and correlates with physicians' clinical judgment. MIDAS may provide a practical tool for helping to implement treatment recommendations for migraine, according to the Headache Consortium Guidelines of several countries.13,14
MIDAS has been shown to keep good correlation between the score and the medical needs of the patient. The reliability of this set of questions was tested in two countries, both English-speaking nations (United Kingdom and United States of America).15 There are now ten translations into other languages available online on the internet. Methods for translation and application of such international versions of MIDAS are not clearly specified.
Although Portuguese from Portugal is one of the languages into which MIDAS has been translated, Brazilian Portuguese is not on the list of present translations. The language similarities between the two countries may be sufficient to provide mutual understanding, but nonetheless the delicate matter of colloquial usage may influence the results. The questions must be clearly comprehended by the patients, who should be able to answer MIDAS without assistance from health workers.
The author has endeavored to translate and to apply MIDAS in Brazil, in such a way that, as originally intended by Lipton7 and Stewart et al.,8 the patients themselves may apply the questionnaire. By answering MIDAS without the influence of a doctor or other health professional, the possibility of outside interpretation and bias is avoided. Cultural background should not become a barrier to applying MIDAS. The individual is therefore empowered to access MIDAS through a web site and, using the scales of measurements and recommendations, seek out specialized medical help if such is the case.
MIDAS, originally written in English, was translated into Brazilian Portuguese by a Brazilian neurologist and by a native speaker of English working as a translator specializing in medical texts. The final version of the translation was obtained when, for ten consecutive patients to whom it was applied, the text seemed clear and the results were consistent over three sessions. The only difficulty in understanding any of the points of the questionnaire was related to the concept of "90 days", i.e. the patients seemed to naturally think on a 30-day basis. After discussing this point with the patients themselves, it seemed necessary to emphasize the need to consider 90 subsequent days and not 30 days multiplied by three. Therefore, in a further version of the translation, the concept of 90 days was underlined and insisted upon with more emphasis that in the original English version of MIDAS. No major alteration in the English version of MIDAS was required.
This final version was then taken to the Refinaria Presidente Bernardes, a state-owned oil refinery in Cubatão, in the State of São Paulo, for application to a large population of workers from a variety of cultural, educational and social backgrounds. The Department of Occupational Medicine of this company was most helpful in setting up the arrangements for our work. An initial questionnaire regarding the presence or absence of headache and its characteristics was handed out to each individual entering the company's restaurant on a particular day. Participation was voluntary, as was individual identification. By handing out the questionnaire to the employees in this way, the author was able to ensure that participants were filling out the form without medical intervention. All forms were collected after the meal. For those who presented headaches, MIDAS was offered as an extra tool for assessing the impact of the headache on that person.
From the total of 419 questionnaires handed out to the employees, 404 were returned correctly completed (96%). Aged 20 to 52 years, these workers were 340 men and 63 women. The cultural and socioeconomic background was variable, from incomplete primary school to professors with post-graduate degrees, and from manual workers to managing directors. From these 404 workers, 160 persons were identified as presenting headaches (39%), 44 of whom considered it worthwhile answering MIDAS (27.5% of headache sufferers; 10.9% of total workers). Nine of these individuals who answered MIDAS had results of ³ 21 points and were interviewed on a later date, confirming these results. Three were cases of chronic daily headache (transformed migraine) and six were migraine. The nine cases of chronic and highly disabling migraine are all under treatment under the author's care, free of charge, in keeping with the guarantee personally given to the workers entering this study.
With regard to gender, prevalence of headache was similar in women (31:64) and in men (129:244).
Four individuals with cases of tension type headache who answered MIDAS could be identified by the characteristics of the headache and by an intensity of £ 4 points (on a scale from 1 to 10). The other 31 persons with migraine who answered MIDAS rated £ 20 points, but in all cases the intensity of the headache was ³ 5 (1 to 10). For these individuals, it was recommended that medical treatment be sought in the company's medical department. The 116 individuals with headache who did not answer MIDAS considered their headaches to be very occasional and therefore it was not worth answering a specific assessment of headache impact.
MIDAS has been validated, even by re-testing, in the USA and UK.15 By translating MIDAS into Brazilian Portuguese, we seem to have a useful tool for identifying severe cases of migraine in a working environment where headaches are not usually acceptable excuses for missing work.16,17 The workers did not consider MIDAS difficult to answer. Their high level of participation demonstrates that this medical condition was of real interest among the workers, whether they were sufferers or not. Although only 2.2% of all workers entering this study presented severe cases of migraine, identifying and treating these individuals may alter their personal and professional lives.
It is important to observe that MIDAS has usually been validated in specialized headache clinics, with known sufferers of migraine. The possibility of identifying patients in need of treatment, even if they do not know the reason for their constant attacks of headache, may be an extra tool in occupational medicine and general practice.18-21 When interviewed individually, a few migraineurs in this study were surprised to understand that the headache they had for years attributed to sinusitis or visual impairment was indeed migraine.
MIDAS in Portuguese may apparently be used by people with a variety of educational and social backgrounds. MIDAS was shown to be a reliable and valuable tool for identifying cases of migraine in some countries. We believe that our Brazilian migraine sufferers may be able to assess their own degree of disability with such simple questionnaire. Guided by the scores in MIDAS, migraine sufferers and their employers should be able to understand the need for treatment.
The full translation of MIDAS into Brazilian Portuguese may be accessed at either of the following sites: planeta.terra.com.br/educacao/neurohomepage/midas.html and www.sbce.med.br/midas.html
The complete translation, as found in the above sites, is given in the table.
1. Stewart WF, Lipton RB, Celentano DD, Reed ML. Prevalence of migraine headache in the United States. JAMA 1992;267:64-9. [ Links ]
2. Vincent M, Rodrigues AD, De Oliveira GV, et al. Prevalence and indirect costs of headache in a Brazilian company. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1998;56:734-43 [ Links ]
3. Bigal ME, Bordini CA, Speciali JG. Headache in an emergency room in Brazil. São Paulo Med J 2000;118:58-62. [ Links ]
4. Bigal ME, Bordini CA, Speciali JG. Etiology and distribution of headaches in two Brazilian primary care units. Headache 2000;40:241-7. [ Links ]
5. Bigal ME, Fernandes LC, Moraes FA, Bordini CA, Speciali JG. Migraine prevalence and impact in employees of the clinical hospital of the medical school of Ribeirão Preto-USP. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2000; 58:431-6. [ Links ]
6. Bigal ME, Bigal JO, Bordini CA, Speciali JG. Prevalence and costs of headaches for the public health system in a town in the interior of the state of São Paulo. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2001;59:504-11. [ Links ]
7. Lipton RB. Establishing the clinical utility of the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) Questionnaire. Eur J Neurol 1998;5(Suppl 3):S253. [ Links ]
8. Stewart WF, Lipton RB, Kolodner K, Liberman J, Sawyer J. Reliability of the migraine disability assessment score in a population-based sample of headache sufferers. Cephalalgia 1999;19:107-14;discussion 74. [ Links ]
9. Stewart WF, Lipton RB, Kolodner KB, Sawyer J, Lee C, Liberman JN. Validity of the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) score in comparison to a diary-based measure in a population sample of migraine sufferers. Pain 2000;88:41-52. [ Links ]
10. Stewart WF, Lipton RB, Dowson AJ, Sawyer J. Development and testing of the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) Questionnaire to assess headache-related disability. Neurology 2001;56(Suppl 1):S20-8. [ Links ]
11. Lainez JM, D'Amico D. Stratified care based on disability assessment is the medical care strategy of choice for migraine. Eur J Neurol 2000;7(Suppl 3):87. [ Links ]
12. Andrasik F. Assessing migraine disability. Cephalalgia 1999;19:74. [ Links ]
13. Lipton RB, Silberstein SD. The role of headache-related disability in migraine management: implications for headache treatment guidelines. Neurology 2001;56(Suppl 1):S35-42 [ Links ]
14. Freitag F, Diamond S, Lyss H, Diamond M, Urban G, Pepper B. MIDAS as a healthcare utilization tool in the challenging patient. Cephalalgia 2000;20:365. [ Links ]
15. Stewart WF, Lipton RB, Whyte J, et al. An international study to assess reliability of the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) score. Neurology Sep 22.1999;53:988-94. [ Links ]
16. Dahlöf CGH, Solomon GD. The burden of migraine to the individual sufferer: a review. Eur J Neurol 1998;5:525-33. [ Links ]
17. Ferrari M. The economic burden of migraine to society. Pharmacoeconomics 1998;13:667-76. [ Links ]
18. Lipton RB, Holmes WF, Sawyer J, Blakeborough P, Stewart WF. Physicians' assessments of the clinical utility of the MIDAS Questionnaire and stratified care in the management of migraine in primary care. Headache 2000;40:417 [ Links ]
19. Lipton RB, Sawyer J, Pearlman S, Stewart WF. Physicians' assessment of the clinical utility of the MIDAS Questionnaire and stratified care. Cephalalgia 2000;20:350. [ Links ]
20. Holmes WF, Laughey W, Riman E, Dowson AJ. The utility of MIDAS in general clinical practice. Cephalalgia 2000;20:354. [ Links ]
21. Lipton RB, Goadsby PJ, Sawyer JPC, Blakeborough P, Stewart WF. Migraine: Diagnosis and Assessment of Disability. Rev Contemp Pharmacother 2000;11:63-73. [ Links ]
CONTEXTO: MIDAS foi desenvolvido como um método rápido e eficaz na identificação de casos de enxaqueca para orientar auxílio médico e tratamento. Tornou-se necessário traduzir o MIDAS, originalmente escrito em inglês, para aplicar no Brasil para que pudesse ser utilizado por indivíduos de vários níveis socioeconômicos e culturais.
OBJETIVO: Traduzir e aplicar MIDAS no Brasil.
TIPO DE ESTUDO: Avaliação de uma amostra de indivíduos regularmente empregados em uma refinaria de petróleo.
LOCAL DE EXECUÇÃO: Refinaria Presidente Bernardes, Cubatão, SP.
PARTICIPANTES: 404 funcionários da empresa que responderam corretamente a um questionário para identificação e avaliação de cefaléia. Quando considerado pertinente, o funcionário tinha a opção de preencher também o MIDAS.
MÉTODOS: MIDAS, originalmente escrito em inglês, foi traduzido para português do Brasil por uma neurologista e por um tradutor especializado em textos médicos. A versão final da tradução foi obtida quando, em 10 pacientes consecutivos a quem foi aplicada, o texto foi considerado claro e os resultados foram consistentes em três sessões.
VARIÁVEIS ESTUDADAS: Prevalência e tipos de cefaléias primárias, avaliação do MIDAS como uma ferramenta de identificação de casos mais graves.
RESULTADOS: Dos 419 questionários distribuídos, recolhidos e respondidos no mesmo dia, 404 retornaram completamente preenchidos. Destes, 160 pessoas foram identificadas como portadoras de cefaléia, 44 delas considerando adequado responder também ao MIDAS. Nove destes indivíduos que responderam ao MIDAS foram identificados como casos graves de enxaqueca devido à incapacidade produzida pela doença. Uma entrevista posterior e individual confirmou estes dados.
CONCLUSÃO: MIDAS traduzido para o português do Brasil foi uma ferramenta útil na identificação de casos graves de enxaqueca em um ambiente de trabalho. Os funcionários não consideraram que MIDAS fosse difícil de responder. O elevado índice de participação voluntária dos funcionários demonstrou que esta condição médica era de interesse entre os trabalhadores, portadores ou não de cefaléia.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: MIDAS. Cefaléia. Enxaqueca.
Acknowledgments: The author wishes to thank Mr David Elliff and Ms Maria Gilda Neves for their expertise and help.
Yara Dadalti Fragoso, MD, MSc, PhD. Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, Brazil.
Sources of funding: None
Conflict of interest: None
Date of first submission: October 26, 2001
Last received: March 22, 2002
Accepted: April 18, 2002
Address for correspondence
Yara Dadalti Fragoso
Departamento de Neurologia da Universidade Metropolitana de Santos
Avenida Conselheiro Nébias, 793 cj. 42
Santos/SP - Brasil - CEP 11045-003
Tel./Fax: (+55 13) 3289-8376 / 3271-7387


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This is God's work. Or at the very least, the work of a Grand Maester. Joeltronics made this very useful graph that shows which episode of Game of Thrones the TV show corresponds to which chapter and which book in the A Song of Ice and Fire books (aka the Game of Thrones books). That way you know what's been shown when and what's been omitted in the story.
If you were a book reader originally, you see what the TV show misses. If you were a TV show watcher first, you get to see where the series stands in relation to the books. If you're neither, well what's wrong with you.
You can also check out the more interactive version of the graph here.
(click the graphs to embiggen)
You can find a chronological version of the graph below (A Feast for Crows and A Dance with Dragons, book 4 and 5 in the series happen in the same timeframe with different characters in each book):
This article originally appeared on Sploid, a Gizmodo blog of delicious brain candy


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Climate change: Who is a climate scientist?
As storms rage, seas rise, and ice and permafrost melt, the planet sets a steady procession of temperature records. So it's getting harder to deny the reality that human actions — mainly burning fossil fuels — are changing the climate. Still, when asked, some politicians reiterate, "I am not a scientist."
That disregard for science flies in the face of the near-universal acceptance of global warming and climate change among scientists, not to mention the logical linkage between the melting, droughts, heat waves, catastrophic storms and record rainfalls and snowfalls to gases that trap heat in the atmosphere.
Here's one gauge of the growing scientific alarm, from the U.S. National Research Council (our emphasis added):
The rate of climate change now underway is probably as fast as any warming event in the past 65 million years, and it is projected that its pace over the next 30 to 80 years will continue to be faster and more intense.1
Americans seem to be getting the message. On Jan. 31, the "New York Times reported that "An overwhelming majority of the American public, including half of Republicans, support government action to curb global warming, according to a poll conducted by The New York Times, Stanford University and the nonpartisan environmental research group Resources for the Future."
If politicians are not paid to be scientists, neither are they paid to ignore the obvious. As the ramifications of climate change broaden, we got to wondering: who are the scientists who study the causes and effects of climate change?
To sample the range of approaches, we put out some feelers at University of Wisconsin-Madison. It's not just weather people who are exploring the biggest environmental problem of all.
A focus on the Arctic
Steve Vavrus is a climate modeler who focuses on the Arctic – where, as predicted, the fastest warming on Earth is taking place. The term "modeler" evoked the time-worn allegation that climate models are no more reliable than weather forecasts, so we asked why we should trust climate models? "Model evaluation and improvement is a big part of climate modeling nowadays," said Vavrus, a senior scientist at the Nelson Institute Center for Climatic Research at UW-Madison. "There is a lot more communication between people who make measurements and observations, and modelers who are trying to improve accuracy of climate models."
The basic way to test and improve models is to start them with data from, say, 1930, and ask whether they produce:
Modern, average temperatures and precipitation
Reasonable day-day or year-year variability/p>
Broader trends over longer periods
Getting accurate data for the globe is always a challenge for climate scientists, Vavrus says. "If you have a model simulation, you want to know if the output is accurate." The answer will vary depending on the data used to start the model and verify its predictions.
The biggest result on Arctic climate in the past decade is the dramatic, faster-than-predicted loss of sea ice. "The summer of 2007 caught everybody by surprise," Vavrus says. "I was shocked when I saw the satellite image: It looked like the output of a climate model simulation for the end of the century. And every summer since 2007, sea ice has been less than the year before."
Vavrus is studying how the loss of sea ice and the rapid Arctic warming affect weather in regions to the south, such as the Midwest. "It's a controversial subject, but I think the question is not whether the change in the Arctic affects atmospheric patterns elsewhere, but where and how they are having effects."
Minding the carbon
Carbon is the atom of life: The shape-shifting champion of the periodic table can form a bewildering array of molecules. It's also the armature of the major greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide and methane (CH4).
Carbon is also the namesake of Ankur Desai's field: carbon cycle science. That's the study of how greenhouse gases enter, change and leave the atmosphere.
The climate-altering pollutants from smokestacks and tailpipes eventually leave the atmosphere. Methane is oxidized into water and carbon dioxide in a century or so. Desai focuses on the terrestrial carbon cycle, the amount of carbon that goes into forests, soils and wetlands. Desai, an associate professor of atmospheric and oceanic sciences at UW-Madison, says that for every ton of carbon released by fossil fuel, half a ton is stored in land and the ocean.
Carbon storage "is a service that the ecosystem provides that can buy us time if we are interested in addressing fossil-fuel emissions or effects," Desai says. But carbon storage is not permanent.
The biggest surprise from carbon-cycle science, Desai says, is the size of the "carbon pools" in the soil. "In the tropics, we have underestimated just how efficient soils are in taking up carbon. Greenhouse gases are the drivers of climate change, and being able to measure them in the atmosphere is fundamental."
Ice: Carbon's icy accounting
Shaun Marcott reads messages about ancient climates inscribed in ancient ice. Ice originates as snow, which contains air. And so ancient ice contains ancient air. "If you want to look 10,000 or 20,000 years back, the only way to do that directly is with an ice core, which actually contains air from the prior atmosphere," says Marcott, an assistant professor of geoscience at UW-Madison. "When I measure CO2 2 from 20,000 years ago, I actually have air from 20,000 years ago."
And those ice cores show fast increases in temperatures and carbon dioxide. "We are seeing 1 part per million rise per decade in the past, but carbon dioxide in the modern atmosphere is changing much faster, at about 2 ppm per year," Marcott says.
Even though the past rate of carbon dioxide rise is just 5 percent of the current rate, the ice ages were quickly terminated, Marcott says.
Marcott says the most significant findings in polar climate over the past decade are rising sea level and the decline of ice sheets on Greenland and Antarctica.
These factors are "inherently linked," he adds. Because these ice sheets store most of the water that's not in the ocean, sea level falls when ice sheets expand during cold eras. When the climate warms, ice melts and sea level rises. "We have been realizing that changes in sea level have happened very quickly," Marcott says, "and this really means the ice sheets have responded in the past much faster than anticipated."
Until recently, climate scientists discounted the possibility of quick melting in the Antarctic ice sheet, since air cannot warm it fast enough. Now it's clear that warm ocean water is eroding the ice from below, raising the potential for rapid collapse that could "uncork" the masses of ice further inland, accelerating their slide into the ocean. "It's like knocking the legs out, and this is something we did not anticipate 15 years ago," Marcott says.
Just as modern research shows rapid melting in ice sheets, "Research on the past is telling us the same thing, Marcott says. "Those together make a powerful case that we need to be concerned about this ice."
A cloudy picture — still
Clouds near the ground cool the planet by reflecting short-wave solar energy to space
High-level clouds warm Earth by reflecting long-wave radiation back to the surface
Tristan L'Ecuyer, assistant professor of atmospheric and oceanic sciences at UW-Madison, looks at how clouds affect the radiation budget — the balance of incoming and outgoing radiation that is the fundamental equation of global warming.
With more energy, and therefore more moisture in the atmosphere, clouds are likely to increase as the climate warms, but the evidence is disputed, L'Ecuyer says. To understand how changes in clouds will play out, you need to talk about changes in their timing, prevalence, density and altitude.
Although long databases trump short ones in the climate business, satellites may drift and cover different regions, and all satellites die. If replaced, the new instrument may have a subtly different calibration.
examines shorter records from single satellites; and
compares summer and winter clouds. By calculating the change for each degree C, "you get an idea how a smaller warming, like that due to carbon dioxide, will affect clouds," L'Ecuyer says.
Theoretically, clouds can lead to positive feedback (warming increases clouds which increase warming), or negative feedback (warming increases clouds which slow the warming).
The uncertainty whether any feedback will be positive or negative "is leading to a spread in the predictions of future climate," L'Ecuyer says. Clouds are extremely unlikely to reverse the overall warming trend, "so we are not talking about cooling, but about how much warming: will it be 2° C or 10 ° C?"
Eye on the Great Lakes: Michael Notaro
How will the Midwest, a region dominated by the world's largest fresh-water bodies, fare as climate changes? The answer lies in regional climate models — smaller offshoots of the global models first used to anticipate the warming era.
A dozen climate models forecast that average temperatures in Wisconsin will rise 6° F. by 2050, says Michael Notaro, associate director of the Center for Climatic Research at UW-Madison. By century's end, average Wisconsin temperatures are expected to rise another 2° and winter will be about 10° F warmer.
This would not seem helpful to the ski and snowmobile industries, but Notaro says lake effect snow downwind of the Great Lakes, in places like Northern Wisconsin and the eastern shore of Lake Michigan, is already rising.
Lake effect snow is fed by heavy evaporation from the warm, relatively ice-free surface of the Great Lakes. In Syracuse, N.Y., lake effect snow has roughly doubled over the past century, Notaro says. Eventually however, as warming continues, the heavy snow will turn to heavy rain.
We reminded Notaro of the old skepticism about global climate models: If models can't agree, why should we trust any of them?
Notaro responds by saying, essentially, "Look at the record." Before a model is taken seriously, it must "reproduce what happens on the global, continental scale fairly well."
Historic data on the real climate "are consistent with the models; they show warming, mostly in the cold season," he adds. "The minimums are warming more than the maximums, we are getting more extreme precipitation events. We have less ice. These are all in the observations, and in the models, there is no inconsistency. A lot of it is basic science on how greenhouse gases affect the radiation budget. It's pretty logical."
The core that keeps score
As scientists continue to document physical and biological responses to current global warming, some are exploring the consequences of past warming.
Jack Williams, a UW-Madison expert on global warming and ecological responses to past and future climate change, gets data from lake sediments. Once grad students have slaved long hours at the microscope to identify the pollen in that muck, they can reconstruct plant communities that vanished thousands of years ago.
Williams, who directs the Center for Climatic Research, says pollen samples show the presence of spruce trees in Southern Wisconsin 15,000 to 20,000 years ago, when the climate was 3° to 5° C cooler. Today, those spruces live in Northern Wisconsin.
Globally, soil and plants store about one-quarter of the carbon entering the atmosphere, which slows warming. But some scientists predict that over the century, ecosystems could become net sources of carbon dioxide. "It's a big uncertainty with big societal implications for the rate and consequences of climate change," Williams says. "There is a critical need for improved models" to simulate the next few centuries, "and we need observational data."
What is already clear, he adds, is that "The ecological system and species are really sensitive to climate change. We are going to see a lot of ecological turnover, species coming and going. In the best case, species will shift range, but the forest in Northern Wisconsin is not going to be the forest we had in 1900. Or we will see species going extinct if they can't cope with change, disperse or migrate."
Studies of the recent ice age show that "a 5°C temperature change truly transformed the Earth system," Williams says. "Species shifted thousands of kilometers and ice sheets melted away. What seems like a small number can have a large ecological effect."
History of the forest
Beyond pollen, other remnants of vanished plants can document long-gone conditions. Sara Hotchkiss, an assistant professor of botany at UW-Madison, looks at carbon isotopes in remnants of a wax that plants made to protect their leaves from drying out.
When moisture is short, plants preserve it by closing pores in the leaves. That causes them to metabolize more of a heavier carbon isotope, which shows up in wax created by plants to fight droughts. Isotopes "tell us climate history in a way that is independent of vegetation history," Hotchkiss says.
Using evidence from pollen, Hotchkiss is locating past upper limits on the cloud forest on Maui, Hawaii. The upper limit seems to move down during droughts, she says, shrinking the forest. "We have not found a time in the past 7,000 years when the upper limit was lower than at present. It's pretty speculative, but it's probably as dry as it has been in the last 10,000 years" in Hawaii.
The upper limit of the cloud forest matters, Hotchkiss says. "The cloud forest has the most intact native vegetation and hardly any invasive species, which is really weird in Hawaii. It's the most important habitat for native Hawaiian birds, which are totally under siege."
And yet if further drying accompanies climate change, that upper limit could move further down the mountains, shrinking the habitat for native birds, even as mosquitoes and the avian malaria they carry continue moving up. The result could be further extinction on islands already infamous for the disappearance of species.
The genetics of climate
Modern responses by ecosystems and organisms to rising temperatures and associated phenomena of climate change are changing behavior and evolution:
plant and animals are moving toward higher altitudes and the poles;
new rhythms of animal migrations and plant flowering reflect the altered timing of the seasons; and
scientists are associating climate change with evolution, meaning genetic changes in plants and animals.
"Natural selection is happening now, in response to climate warming," says Sean Schoville, an assistant professor of entomology at UW-Madison. Schoville studies the effects of climate change on the genetics, populations and movement of alpine insects, including butterflies, ground beetles and the rare ice crawler.
Genetic research builds on new information about past ecosystems, Schoville says, based on data from fossil pollen, marine organisms and gases from ice cores that reconstruct past temperatures and atmospheres. "People have collected this wonderful paleoclimate data that we use to make predictions on what the habitat might have been like, what species were living there."
Even though the insects he studies do not fossilize well, Schoville can visualize their likely past by studying:
existing fossils to get a picture of past ecosystems;
the genetics of modern populations, which show a "genetic bottleneck" caused by small numbers during the last glacial cycle; and
genes that helped adaptation to climate change.
Alpine insects, he says, "tend to have very conserved genetic responses to temperature stress, whether cold or heat. It's usually the same repertoire of genes that is turned on, and it does not change much among species. So what you find in one species usually applies to another."
A climate for food?
To grasp the lockstep link between climate and food, consider the Sahara: A few thousand years ago, today's archetypal desert was a greenbelt. So climate necessarily intrudes on agronomy, the science of crop production. Via email, Chris Kucharik, an assistant professor of agronomy at the Nelson Institute at UW-Madison, elaborated on this link: "We are interested in how changes in mean climate and weather variability impact crop growth and yields, crop management decisions (for example planting dates, dates of flowering, harvest dates), weeds (types and growth), and soil resources (for example nutrient availability and erosion)."
To understand the interaction between weather and various cropping systems, agronomists use field studies and data on harvested acreage and yields. "Field trials for current and new hybrids across a variety of soil types and climates tell us how they perform/respond to different weather conditions and management options (for example planting dates, planting density, fertilizer applied, weed management and soil tillage options)," Kucharik wrote.
Agricultural adaptation is ageless; people have been breeding crops to suit current conditions for at least 10,000 years. "In the science of plant breeding and plant genetics, new hybrids and crop varieties are constantly evolving to be able to better withstand extreme environments such as heat and drought, and pests and disease," Kucharik wrote.
If climate changes slowly, it may be possible to "give farmers the tools they need to continue to adapt," Kucharik added. "If large, abrupt shifts in climate were to occur, that would be much more challenging in many regions if it meant growing new crops, needing different equipment, or entirely different management approaches."
Unfortunately, Kucharik says the most significant finding in his field in the past decade suggests limits to adaptation: "In some countries, climate trends have been large enough to offset a large portion of the increases in average crop yields that arose from advances in breeding and agronomic practices. Therefore, we are having a hard time in some places combating detrimental effects of climate change on food production with new scientific advances."
A climate for closing
As we conclude our partial survey of scientific approaches to climate change, we suspect that cynics will mock the deep and broad focus on climate as egg-headed efforts to embark on a climate-change gravy train. But there's an alternative opinion: that these are seeing attempts by concerned, educated experts to unravel the biggest threat to the only planet that assuredly harbors life.
– David J. Tenenbaum
Kevin Barrett, project assistant; Terry Devitt, editor; S.V. Medaris, designer/illustrator; David J. Tenenbaum, feature writer
- Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change: Anticipating Surprises, National Research Council, 2013, ISBN 978-0-309-28773-9, http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18373 ↩
- Stephen Colbert: "I'm not a scientist." ↩
- An exploration of Greenland stratigraphy and the scientists unearthing the mysteries. ↩
- Climate change on pace to occur 10 times faster than any change recorded in past 65 million years, Stanford scientists say. ↩
- The Velocity of Climate Change. ↩
- An up-to-date monitor of Arctic sea ice. ↩
- A Ted talk by Allan Savory on reversing desertification. ↩


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The mayor of New York City is urging area residents to be prepared for storms that could produce the kind of carnage that Hurricane Sandy did in late 2012. 4Patriots commends the mayor for stressing preparedness.
Nashville, Tenn., United States - August 16, 2014 /MarketersMedia/ --
Other than perhaps the Boy Scouts, the folks who seem to have the loudest voices regarding being prepared for a disaster are the people who have been labeled by some as "doomsday preppers."
But following devastating hurricanes such as Katrina and Sandy, severe drought in the West and Southwest, and tornados in the plains states, preparedness is going mainstream. Earlier this month, New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio issued a warning to people in the greater New York metropolitan area to get themselves prepared for hurricane season.
Nashville, Tenn.-based 4Patriots commends the mayor for urging New Yorkers to prepare go-bags, as well as for handing out empty go-bags that people can fill with essential items in case their area loses power during a storm.
4Patriots believes that there is only one way for Americans to be prepared for disruptions in power caused by natural and manmade disasters, and that's by stocking up on non-perishable food, water and other essential items. The company provides a variety of products that help people become more self-reliant and independent.
"Weather disasters, water and food shortages, daily cyber attacks on our electrical grid…these are just some of the events that many Americans are not yet ready to handle," said 4Patriots Partner Allen Baler, whose company launched in 2008 as Reboot Marketing and was named to the Inc. 500 list of fastest growing companies in America in 2013.
"Every year it seems like we get hit with more emergency situations, and at some point only those who are prepared for them are going to be able to avoid heading to FEMA centers. It should be our goal to be as prepared as possible, which will lead to peace of mind when we're facing a very uncertain future.
"Among other things, we can stockpile good tasting and nutritious food with a long shelf life, generate our own power with solar panels, purify contaminated water, and store heirloom seeds."
Allen Baler Lists 4Patriots products
4Patriots products include:
• Food4Patriots, a long-term food survival solution consisting of pre-packaged kits of survival food rated for 25 years of storage, available in 72-hour, four-week and three-month supplies.
• Water4Patriots, which launched recently with its first product, the LifeStraw personal water filter, designed to provide the user with safe, clean drinking water in any situation.
• Power4Patriots, a series of Do-It-Yourself videos and manuals (printed and electronic) showing how to build solar panels, a wind turbine, a solar water heater and a solar air heater.
• SurvivalSeeds4Patriots, a seed vault containing approximately 5,640 survival seeds from 21 varieties of heirloom and non-genetically modified seeds, rated for five-plus years of storage.
• Patriot Power Generator, a portable solar generator designed to provide electricity for important devices and equipment during a power outage or disaster situation.
4Patriots' full-color, 16-page monthly newsletter titled the Patriot Alliance Messenger and the company's blog provide readers with information on essential subjects including privacy, solar/wind power, survival seeds, home and self-defense, healthcare and much more, so that they can become more self-reliant and independent from government and big business.
Contact Info:Name: Tim BatesEmail: email@example.com: 4Patriots
Source: http://marketersmedia.com/4patriots-applauds-new-york-city-mayor-for-urging-preparedness/59481
ReleaseID: 59481


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If Democrats and Republicans can agree on anything, it should be that the last 15 years have been a goddamned train wreck.
George W. Bush and Barrack Hussein Obama are running neck-and-neck in a race to be the shittiest president of all time, and I have a hunch that if Hillary Clinton gets elected, she might just put them both to shame.
In a way, you can say Obama actually fulfilled his agenda. He is an anti-American Socialist who believes the U.S. is the bad guy, and he wanted to destroy its institutions, economy and other pesky forms of inequality to level the playing field for minorities.
George W. Bush was just a fuck-up who ruined everything he touched.
Like all liberals and most women, Hillary Clinton has bad judgement. From Benghazi to Whitewater to accepting illegal campaign contributions from the Red Chinese, she has made a habit of doing the wrong thing badly, and if wasn't for the leftist media, she would have been run out of town years ago.
Unfortunately, the harsh glare of the world stage has a habit of highlighting your flaws and imperfections, and much like George W.'s bumbling eight-year reign, you're going to see a Clinton presidency mired in scandal, military confrontations and economic woe.
It's inevitable for no other reason than the 16 years of absolute incompetence that proceeded her. The country is in so much worse shape than it was in 1999, Teddy Roosevelt himself couldn't right this ship.
Not to get off track here, but it still stuns me the national debt was less than $5 trillion in 1999 and now is a whopping $18.6 trillion.
As a country, I think we really only have one choice here – we have to elect Donald Trump.
Do I think he would make a good president? Hell No. I think he would be terrible. But at least if he's going to fuck up, and he will, he will do it spectacularly. And instead of the slow, lingering death of a Clinton presidency, he would drive this country right off the road, flip it a few times and then stand cackling as it erupted into flames.
Is it weird the thought of that just gave me a boner?


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An SEO company's work isn't done when it gets a web user to click onto your site. Our job also includes getting those visitors to stay there, to read all about your business, and to become new customers.
To a great extent, a good SEO company is also an all-around web developer. That is, its SEO specialists and professional writers should work together to build a site's content in a way that is particularly attractive to search engines and to the chosen audience.
Optimization, Plus Marketing
Pink Shark Marketing prides itself on combining versatile search engine optimization with overall effective web copy. That means that we'll always commit ourselves to giving your entire site the greatest SEO keyword density, with the best keywords for your business, while building those keywords into webpages that perfectly fit your brand identity, business profile, and long-term goals.
From About pages to staff bios to product descriptions and service announcements, every page of your site is an opportunity for us to make you more visible to the search engines and more appealing to your readers and customers.
Questions Answered
Pink Shark Marketing will tailor your site content first to the main keywords driving the majority or relevant searches, and secondly to specific frequently asked questions and customer concerns from within your industry. By creating a comprehensive FAQ and/or specialized sub-pages, we'll make it so that web searches take prospective buyers not only to your site, but also directly to the information that they need in order to decide to do business with you.
You'll find that the search engine algorithms like this approach just as much as your customers do, because it leaves no room for doubt about your company's professionalism, expertise, and status as an up-and-coming competitor with all the leaders in your field.


text: On Sat, 21 Nov 2009, Baz Walter wrote: > Richard A. Litherland wrote: >> I'm very new to this, so I apologize if this question has been asked 1000 >> times before. The text property of QAbstractButton doesn't recognize HTML >> markup, but the developers of KCalc, at least, have managed to work around >> this. I can't figure out how. Does anybody know? > > well, i suppose the kde developers do :) > > so why not have a look at the kcalc source code? > > http://api.kde.org/4.3-api/kdeutils-apidocs/kcalc/html/kcalc__button_8cpp_source.html > I had, but was unable to find the relevant code. I've since discovered that it's in an override of QPushButton's paintEvent method. Now all I have to do is work out what's going on there... The author of the code doesn't seem entirely happy with the amount of work needed, since he or she includes the comment // rant: Qt4 needs QSimpleRichText, dammit! Sorry for wasting your time; I should have looked harder before posting. Rick L. -- R.A. Litherland: <lither at math.lsu.edu> Web page: http://www.math.lsu.edu/~lither/ Other web page: http://www.orangeclawhammer.net/ "Charity is a cold grey loveless thing." -- Clement Attlee


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La Crosse, WIHome Menu
Additional Owner Responsibilities
Maintenance of Internal Valves
The two shut off valves by the water meter must be kept in good condition and ready for use at all times by the owner. If the valves do not hold or break during a meter exchange performed by the utility, the owner is responsible for hiring a plumber to make the necessary repairs.
**Any interior plumbing work must be completed by a license plumber and require a plumbing permit by the City of La Crosse. All local licensed plumbers have access to a key to turn the curb box to your property on and off. If they need us to locate the curb box, call the Utilities Office at least one business day prior to when they plan to do the work**
Protect Meter(s) from Damage
Where a meter and remote reader is installed, the owner shall be responsible for its care and protection. In all cases where meters are broken or damage, necessary repairs and/or replacement will be made by the Utility and the cost charged to the owner.
During the winter months, the owner should ensure all internal plumbing, including the meter is heated and/or protected properly, to prevent freezing.
Authorized City personnel shall have free access to the meter and remote reader at all reasonable hours.
Service Laterals
The owner is responsible for the water service lateral from building out to the curb box, which is typically located in the sidewalk or boulevard, a few feet from the street. The Utility is responsible from the curb box to the street.
Signs of a water lateral service leak
- Sound of water running
- Dirty water that doesn't clear up after running water at multiple faucets for a few minutes
- Decreased water pressure
- "Hammering" sound at water meter
If you suspect a water lateral service leak, contact the La Crosse Utilities Office to schedule a staff member to confirm there is a leak, and whether the leak is on the utility side or the owner side. If the leak is on the utility side, the utility will schedule the repair. If the leak is on the owner side, the owner must contact a plumber to make the necessary repairs.
For the sewer service lateral, the owner is responsible from the building out to the connection in the street, typically near the middle of the street.
Signs of a sewer lateral issue
- Persistent clogging or backups of drains, even after thorough cleaning of the lateral.
If you experience a sewer lateral backup, contact the La Crosse Utilities Office to schedule a staff member to investigate whether there is a blockage in the street. If the sanitary sewer main is not blocked, the owner would need to contact a plumber to investigate further.


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Landscape Photographers in Italy
Here are the listings of Landscape Photographers for Landscape photography work in Italy. Each photographer has its profile with portfolio of photography work, specialities and other details. You can use the filter facility on the left to exactly find an appropriate photographer in your area.
Free listings 14 Landscape Photographers in Italy get listed here →
Paolo De Faveriportfolio
Italy, Turin
My aim in photography is to create dramatic and dynamic images capable of producing an emo...
Gianfranco Valdino portfolio
MDCno portfolio
Italy, Milano
Edoardo Hahnno portfolio
ANTONIO SABAportfolio
Italy, Milan
Francesco Vignalino portfolio
Italy, Rome
Fabrizio Calisseno portfolio
Photografandono portfolio
Maurizio Simeoneno portfolio
alessia cerquano portfolio
Alessia teaches photography at the Experimental Photograpy Centre in Rome, and collaborates with universities and government agencies in photography-workshops, campaigns and reports. Her works are published in many newspa...
Massimo Lupidino portfolio
Matteo Cireneiportfolio
Costangelo Pacilioportfolio
Italy, Rome
Phill Burgessno portfolio
Why you should choose a photographer serving Italy?
There are many reasons why someone would hire a professional Italy Landscape photographer ... Some Landscape photographers offer video shooting as well. Hiring a Italy Landscape photographer is an important decision that requires researching local photographers, learning a bit about photo equipment and style and finding the right personality. Be aware that some of the better Landscape photographers are booked up to 2 years in advance. Be sure that all of the details are clearly outlined in your contract with your Italy Landscape photographer. By hiring a creative, experienced and reputable Italy Landscape photographer, you can ensure that you'll get high-quality and professional photos.


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The District of Delaware is among the least reversed jurisdictions on claim construction rulings, according to a study conducted by David Schwartz, a professor at the John Marshall Law School in Chicago. Among the top five patent jurisdictions nationwide, Delaware (No. 4) had the lowest reversal rate: only 22.2 percent of the district's Markman decisions are overturned.
Among the top fourteen jurisdictions, only the Western District of Wisconsin, with 232 patent filings in the decade 1995-2005, had a lower reversal rate — 21.1 percent. But considering Delaware's 1112 patent lawsuits in the same time period, Delaware's reversal rate, at least according to this survey, is the lowest in the country among high-filing patent jurisdictions.


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James Parrott, Private 15399, 8th Battalion South Lancashire Regiment
Died of wounds 18th October 1915 in Belgium, aged 43
James Parrott was baptised on 25 September 1872 at St Michael's Church, Macclesfield, the son of James Parrott, a weaver of Higginbotham St, Macclesfield. By 1881, nine year old James was living at Court 2, House 3 Parsonage Street, Macclesfield with his parents James and Harriet and siblings Thomas (12), Elizabeth (3), John (10 months) and step brother Thomas Mills (7).
Ten years later, in 1891, the family had moved to 77 Bank Street and James was employed as a silk weaver.
In 1903, at the age of 30, James married Hannah Swarbrook at the Brunswick Methodist Church, Chapel Street, Sutton (now part of Macclesfield), and in 1911 the couple lived at 64 Brown Street, Macclesfield.
James served with the 4th Cheshire regiment during the South African wars with service number 17369 and rejoined the army in Macclesfield, this time joining the 8th Battalion South Lancashire Regiment with service number 15399. He arrived in France on 28th September 1915 and died of his wounds only three weeks later on 18th October 1915. His death was reported in the Macclesfield Times of 12th November 1915 (his age is overstated in the newspaper; he was only 43 years of age):
Official intimation has been received that Private James Parrott, 8th South Lancashire Regiment, of 64 Brown Street, died on October 18th of wounds sustained in France. Private Parrott was 55 years of age and leaves a widow to mourn her loss. He was educated at St George's School, and first joined the army on July 7th 1897, when he was attached to the 4th Cheshire Regt. He served until July 6th 1903, rejoined on June 1st 1904 and continued until May 31st 1908, when he received his discharge with a certificate of good conduct. After leaving the army he worked for Messrs Smale as a silk weaver until he enlisted again about 11 months ago.
Private James Parrott is buried in Grave Ref. E. 5. of the Maple Leaf Cemetery near Ypres in Belgium.
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission holds casualty details for Private James Parrott, and he is listed on the Imperial War Museum's Lives of the First World War website.
In Macclesfield, Private James Parrott is commemorated on the Park Green, Town Hall, St Michael's Church, and St John's Church Roll of Honour memorials.


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Online Mock Test Papers - NSE, SEBI, BSE, NCFM, NISM, AMFI, CFA, CFP, FRM, CMT, Banking, Finance, Accounts & Insurance Exams
NIFM (National Institute of Financial Market)
Provides online mock test platform for the candidate, in order to help the students to pass the NSE, SEBI, BSE, NCFM, NISM, AMFI, CFA, CFP, FRM, CMT, Banking Exams & certification provided by the regulators of Indian capital Market, Banking Finance & Insurance Setoror (BFSI). The NCFM and NISM modules are very important and helpful for the candidate for getting the jobs in Financial service industry, stock broking industry, Banks, AMC. The certifications will add an additional weighted to your resume.
In addition to the Free online model mock test question papers for the candidates seeking coaching and tution classes for the preparation the examination of these modules, NIFM have prepared special modules in which we help and guide students to understand what are bodies behind these certification, Why are these courses and exams are important to get jobs in BFSI segment, what is the pattern of these courses specially NSE & SEBI offered NCFM & NISM, how one can enroll / register or login for these certifications & examinations & how they can pass these exams in first attempt with good marks.
Latest Mock Test
NISM Series-XV: Research Analyst Certification Examination
Technical Analysis Module NSE NCFM Certification
NISM-Series-XII: Securities Markets Foundation Certification Examination
NISM-Series-XI: Equity Sales Certification Examination
NISM-Series-X-A: Investment Adviser (Level 1) Certification Examination
NISM-Series-IX: Merchant Banking Certification Examination


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By Madison McEntire
NORTH LITTLE ROCK — The Bryant 12 year-old All- Star team cruised to a win in the Arkansas[more] Easton Elite Gold Ring Classic tourney at Burns Park on Sunday, June 9. After blanking Sylvan Hills 12s 18-0 and Little Rock Junior Deputy 12s 15-0 in pool play on Saturday behind pitchers Jacob Coppock and Coby Greiner, Bryant rolled through bracket play behind more strong pitching performances from Will McEntire, Logan Chambers and Logan Grant to take the championship on Sunday.
Team members are Logan Chambers, Logan Grant, Logan Catton, Jacob Coppock, Cade Dupree, Hunter Mullings, Jacob Shepard, Ryan Lessenberry, Will McEntire and Coby Greiner. They are managed by Michael Catton with help from assistant coaches Phillip Dupree, Mark Coppock and Madison McEntire.
Bryant 15, Sylvan Hill 12s 0
In the first game, McEntire allowed one hit and struck out seven as Bryant whipped Sylvan Hills again, this time by a score of 15-0. Bryant took control of the game in the bottom of the first with seven runs. Two hit batsman, a couple of walks and an error along with two ground outs and three wild pitches made the score 4-0 before Bryant collected its first hit, a single to left by Shepard which moved Greiner to second. Lessenberry then walked to load the bases. McEntire hit a liner that cleared the bases when the centerfielder attempted a diving catch but was unable to keep the ball in front of him.
In the second inning, Bryant tacked on seven more, taking advantage of two errors and a pair of hit batsmen and one walk to go with RBI singles from Chamber and Dupree. The final run came in the third when Mullings walked and scored on an error by the second baseman.
Bryant 13, Sylvan Hill 11s 5
Sylvan Hills jumped out to a quick 4-0 lead in the first as four of the first five batters reached on three doubles and a walk against Chambers. With two outs an infield single plated a run.
After Bryant went 1-2-3 in their at-bat, Chambers settled in, allowing just two singles (with one runner being erased in a double play) over the next three innings. Bryant took over the game in the second smacking six hits and plating nine runs, with an RBI-single from Mullings, a two-run single by Shepard, and a two-run double by McEntire. Bryant made it 13-4 with four more in the third, thanks to hits from Greiner, Shepard, Lessenberry, Dupree and Grant.
Coppock relieved Chambers in the fourth and stuck out the side while allowing the final Sylvan Hill run on a couple of cheap singles and a double to left-center.
Bryant 10, Little Rock JD 11s 0
Grant took the hill for Bryant in the championship game and struck out seven in four innings. He started the game by fanning the first three batters, each one looking.
In the bottom of the first, Chambers led off and was hit by a pitch. Singles by Dupree, Grant and Coppock, a groundout by Mullings and an infield single by Catton made it 4-0 at the end of the first.
In the second, Grant allowed his only baserunner of the game when he was unable to find the bag while covering first on a grounder to Coppock. In the bottom of the inning, Bryant scored two more. McEntire led off with a walk and Chambers doubled to put two on. Grant's grounder scored McEntire and Chambers came home on Coppock's ground ball to second.
In the fourth, Bryant secured a 10-0 run-rule win by adding on four more. McEntire led off with a double to right-center, went to third on a wild pitch and scored on Chambers' grounder to second. Singles by Dupree and Grant put two then Dupree scored on an error on Coppock's ground ball to first. Mullings stroked a double to center to bring in Grant and then Catton singled to third to score Coppock and end the game.