text:
Death of Mark Duggan
29th birthday in Thailand
|4 August 2011
|Tottenham Hale, London, England, United Kingdom
|51°35′17″N 0°03′32″W / 51.587944°N 0.058861°WCoordinates: 51°35′17″N 0°03′32″W / 51.587944°N 0.058861°W
|Metropolitan Police Service, Mark Duggan
|1 (Duggan)
|Non-fatal injuries
|1 (police officer)
|Independent Police Complaints Commission
|16 September 2013 – 8 January 2014
|Keith Cutler
|lawful killing
|Kemani (Bandokay, rapper from group OFB),[1] 5 others
Mark Duggan, a 29-year-old British man, was shot and killed by police in Tottenham, North London on 4 August 2011. The Metropolitan Police stated that officers were attempting to arrest Duggan on suspicion of planning an attack, and that he was in possession of a handgun. Duggan died from a gunshot wound to the chest. The circumstances of Duggan's death resulted in public protests in Tottenham,[2] which led to conflict with police and escalated into riots across London and other English cities.[3]
Duggan was under investigation by Operation Trident, a subdivision of the Metropolitan Police. He was known to be in possession of a BBM Bruni Model 92 handgun (a blank-firing replica of a Beretta 92 converted to fire live rounds), given to him by Kevin Hutchinson-Foster, 15 minutes before he was shot. At a trial of Hutchinson-Foster in September–October 2012 the jury failed to reach a verdict. At his re-trial, on 31 January 2013, Hutchinson-Foster was convicted of supplying Duggan with the gun and jailed. The Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) has been investigating the case but has delayed release of its report for more than a year. A public inquest on the Duggan death began on 16 September 2013, and ended on 8 January 2014 with an 8–2 majority concluding that Duggan's death was a lawful killing.[4]
The official account of Duggan's death has undergone numerous changes,[5][6] attracting criticism and suspicion from interested parties and other supporters.[7] These critics accuse police of misconduct and of failing to cooperate with those investigating Duggan's death.
Mark Duggan[edit]
Mark Duggan was born on 15 September 1981[8] and grew up in Broadwater Farm, north London. His parents were of mixed Irish and African-Caribbean descent.[9] Between the ages of 12 and 17, he lived with his maternal aunt Carole in Manchester.[10] His maternal aunt Julie was married to Manchester gangland boss Desmond Noonan.[11]
At the time of his death, Duggan and his long-term partner Semone Wilson had three children together aged 10 years, 7 years, and 18 months.[9] He had a fourth child with another woman,[12] and a third woman was pregnant with his baby at the time of his death.[13] He fathered six children in total, the youngest of whom was born after his death.[10]
Duggan had worked at Stansted Airport, and had applied for a job as a firefighter, according to his cousin.[14] Duggan's son, Kemani, is a member of London-based Drill collective OFB going by the moniker Bandokay.[15]
Criminal activity[edit]
According to Tony Thompson of the London Evening Standard, Duggan may have been a founding member of North London's "Star Gang",[16] an offshoot of the Tottenham Mandem gang.[17] Unnamed police sources alleged via The Daily Telegraph that Duggan was a "well known gangster"[18] and a "major player and well known to the police in Tottenham".[19]
Officers attached to Operation Trident had Duggan under surveillance; police stated that they suspected Duggan was planning to commit a crime in retaliation for the killing of his cousin, Kelvin Easton,[20] who was stabbed to death outside a bar in East London in March 2011.[21] Duggan was described as having been increasingly paranoid[22][23] as a consequence of his cousin's death. The Daily Telegraph alleged that Duggan was bound to avenge his cousin's death by the "street code"[20] of the gang.
After Duggan's death, he was described as a drug dealer by the police and others, an allegation denied by his family and friends.[24] Duggan's family said the allegations against Duggan were "disinformation", and that he was "not a gang member and he had no criminal record".[25] But Duggan had been convicted of cannabis possession and handling stolen goods.[26] His fiancée said he had spent time on remand.[8]
Officers of the Metropolitan Police Service stopped a minicab which was carrying Duggan as a passenger at about 18:15 BST on 4 August 2011.[27] There was no CCTV coverage of the place where they stopped the cab, and some witnesses allege that police chased away onlookers.[28]
According to an unnamed firearms officer at the trial of Kevin Hutchinson-Foster in September 2012, Duggan pivoted out of the cab and pulled a selfloading pistol or handgun from his waistband.[29] According to the taxi driver, who was granted anonymity at the subsequent inquest, Duggan left the car and ran:
The car that had stopped – men got out of it very quickly who were carrying guns in their hands. Then I heard the sound of my rear door opening. I saw that Mark Duggan got out and ran. At the same time, I heard firing from the front. I saw shots strike Mark Duggan. He fell to the ground. 'Mark Duggan only got 2ft–3ft from my car when he was shot'.
At the same time a man came and he opened my door. Very angrily he pulled me out by my arm and then he dropped me or knelt me down on the ground by the rear tyres of the car.[30][31]
The taxi driver told the inquest that an armed officer had threatened to shoot him if he did not stop looking at where Duggan had fallen to the ground and was being handled "quite harsh[ly] and callous[ly]" by officers.
The police fired twice, hitting Duggan in the biceps and chest, killing him. A firearm was not found on Duggan after he had been shot.[29] Paramedics from the London Ambulance Service and medical staff from London's Air Ambulance attended, but Duggan was pronounced dead at the scene at 18:41 BST.[32][33]
The police who shot Duggan were part of the Specialist Firearms Command (CO19), accompanying officers from Operation Trident.[24]
According to one eyewitness cited by The Independent, Duggan "was shot while he was pinned to the floor by police"[34] – though evidence in the inquest since contradicts this. According to another eyewitness cited in The Telegraph, a police officer had "shouted to the man to stop 'a couple of times', but he had not heeded the warning".[18] According to a witness cited by the BBC, a police officer twice shouted: "Put it down" before Duggan was shot.[35] However, the taxi driver who was travelling with Duggan told the inquest the police shouted no warning before shooting.[31] A Metropolitan Police Federation representative asserted that the officer who killed Duggan had "an honest-held belief that he was in imminent danger of him and his colleagues being shot".[36]
One of the officers who had surrounded Duggan was hit by a bullet, which lodged in his radio. It had been fired by the policeman identified only as V53 and had passed through Duggan's arm and then hit the officer.[37] The shot policeman was taken to a hospital and released the same evening.[38]
Subsequent police actions[edit]
Police proceeded to move the taxi in which Duggan had been travelling.[6] After some dispute over when the vehicle was moved, it was stated that police moved the taxi for examination and then returned it to the scene.[39] A local equality advocate said that the IPCC initially had no knowledge of these events, but later stated that it had sanctioned removal of the vehicle and then requested that it be restored to the scene.[40]
An initial "short-form" report of the incident—filed by an officer identified as "W70"—did not say that Duggan had raised a gun. W70 filed another report 48 hours later which described Duggan drawing a gun from his waistband. Officer W70 later testified that short-form reports are "deliberately brief".[5]
Police did not inform Duggan's family of his death until a day and a half after he was killed. The police later apologised for this delay.[41]
IPCC explanations[edit]
Initially, a spokesman of the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) stated that they "understand the officer was shot first before [Duggan] was shot;"[18][22] police later called this statement a mistake.[6][42] A bullet was found embedded in a radio worn by a policeman,[43] and ballistics tests on the projectile indicate it was a "jacketed round", or police issue bullet fired from a Heckler & Koch MP5 semi-automatic carbine used by the police.[32] Its presence may have been due to a ricochet or overpenetration.[43][44]
The IPCC had commissioned tests on the pistol by the Forensic Science Service and had received advice that it was an illegal firearm.[32][45][46][47][48] The gun was wrapped in a sock, a practice allegedly used to avoid leaving evidence if it was used.[49] The IPCC announced on 9 August that there was no evidence that the gun had been fired, that this had not been ruled out and further tests were being conducted.[32][50][51]
On 18 November 2011, the IPCC announced that the 9mm gun associated with the scene of the killing had been found 10–14 feet away, on the other side of a fence.[52][53] QC Michael Mansfield, barrister for the Duggan family, told the IPCC that witnesses had told him they saw police throw the gun over the fence.[6] The IPCC initially reported that three officers had also witnessed an officer throw the gun, but later retracted this report.[40]
It was also announced on 18 November 2011 that the IPCC would investigate whether the same gun had been used in an incident 6 days earlier, on 29 July 2011, when barber Peter Osadebay was assaulted in Hackney by 30-year-old Kevin Hutchinson-Foster after Hutchinson-Foster brandished a gun.[54] On 31 January 2013, Kevin Hutchinson-Foster was found guilty of supplying the gun to Duggan, during which he admitted using the same weapon to beat Osadebay.[55] Duggan's fingerprints were found on a cardboard box which appeared to have contained the gun when he collected it. The sock, with the gun inside, was found out of this box as much as 20 feet (6.1 m) away from where Duggan was shot. Neither his DNA nor fingerprints were found on the sock which wrapped the gun, nor on the weapon itself.[56][57] Additional tests found no gunshot residue on Duggan.[57]
News of Duggan's death was publicised quickly. Soon after Duggan was shot, an image was posted on Facebook showing police standing over a body that may have been his. Outrage about the police killing quickly escalated.[7]
Protest and unrest[edit]
Tension with police[edit]
There was a long history of tension between black communities and the police before and since the Broadwater Farm riot in 1985,[58] in which, according to David Lammy, Labour MP for Tottenham, the "cracks that already existed between the police and the community became deep fissures".[59] Since 1985 "there had been some progress made in the relationship between the local community and the police",[60] but the shooting "raised tension".[61] Lammy stated that Duggan's death occurred as part of "a history in Tottenham that involves deaths in police custody".[62] Claudia Webbe, the chairperson of Operation Trident,[63] asserted that many black people see Duggan's shooting as "yet another unjust death in custody"[64] and that young black people in Tottenham are "still six, seven, eight times more likely to be stopped and searched than their white counterparts".[65]
Black British novelist Alex Wheatle, who served a term of imprisonment for crimes he committed in the 1981 Brixton riot,[66] asserted that there was "a deep aggravation" that despite many black deaths in police custody there had never been a conviction of a police officer.[67]
In 2017, Tony Hanley, the firearms officer who recommended the bullets used to kill Duggan, had a mental breakdown and attempted suicide by police before fatally shooting himself. Hanley described feeling responsible for Duggan's death, seeing his ghost.[68]
At about 17:30 BST on 6 August 2011, Duggan's relatives and local residents marched from Broadwater Farm to Tottenham Police Station. The demonstrators chanted "we want answers" and requested information from police about the circumstances of Duggan's death. They also made broader demands for "Justice", seeking to publicise ongoing poor relations with police in their community.[7]
A chief inspector spoke with the demonstrators, who demanded to see a higher-ranking officer. About 20:00 BST, a 16-year-old girl approached them and may have thrown a leaflet or a stone. Police swarmed the girl with shields and batons, allegedly causing head injuries.[69][70][71] At about 20:20 BST, members of the waiting crowd attacked two nearby police cars, setting them on fire. According to Metropolitan Police Commander Adrian Hanstock, the violence was started by "certain elements, who were not involved with the vigil".[44] Other observers state that the rally began peacefully but was incited by the police attack.[72]
Rioting, arson and looting spread to other parts of London, and to elsewhere in England.[3][73] Rioters expressed mixed motivations for rioting, including policing issues, poverty, and racial tension with police.[2][74][75]
Duggan's family condemned the disorder. His older brother said, "We're not condoning any kind of actions like that at all."[76] While Duggan's shooting was perhaps the trigger for the violence, several other causes of the rioting have been suggested.[77] Former British Prime Minister David Cameron rejected a causal relationship between the death of Duggan and the subsequent looting.[78]
Media coverage[edit]
Duggan's death quickly became a major media story. Initially the media including the BBC incorrectly reported that one shot was 'discharged from an illegal firearm inside the car'.[79] The Independent stated on 8 January 2014: "The authorities wrongly said that he had been hit in an exchange of fire".[80]
Some of the media were criticized for portraying Duggan as a gangster, confused by his criminal record being reported as either extensive or non-existent by different outlets.[26][81] The media was faulted for uncritically reporting the police's story that Duggan had shot first—also shown to be false.[81]
The riots brought international attention to Duggan's death, which one Iranian official described as a "human rights violation".[82]
Duggan's funeral took place at New Testament Church of God in Wood Green on 9 September 2011. The funeral procession was watched by thousands of onlookers. Police maintained a low profile.[83]
The incident was immediately referred to the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC),[84] in accordance with standard practice when anyone dies or is seriously injured following police contact. Investigators distributed leaflets appealing for witnesses to come forward.[85] IPCC officers also searched CCTV footage, 999 calls and radio transmissions.[86]
On 12 August 2011 the IPCC announced that in the immediate aftermath of the incident they may have given misleading information to journalists to the effect that shots were exchanged between Duggan and the police. Although a bullet had been found lodged in a police radio, there was no evidence that it had come from the gun in Duggan's possession.[87]
In response to rumours that the killing of Duggan was an "execution",[88] the IPCC announced: "Speculation that Mark Duggan was 'assassinated' in an execution style involving a number of shots to the head are categorically untrue."[89]
Duggan's family stated that they did not trust the IPCC to conduct a fair and independent investigation of the killing and asked for an independent inquiry into the relationship between the Metropolitan Police and the IPCC. They sought to commission an independent second postmortem.[25] Coroner Andrew Walker scheduled an initial hearing for 12 December 2011.[33]
In November 2011, two members of the public who were appointed[by whom?] to liaise with the IPCC, resigned from those posts. A third remained in post. One of those who left said that the IPCC work was "shoddy."[90]
On 29 February 2012 the IPCC upheld a complaint that the Metropolitan Police had not adequately informed Duggan's family of his death on 4 August 2011. The IPCC's inquiry expressly did not address the events of 6 August 2011 and afterwards.[91] Deputy Assistant Commissioner Steve Kavanagh of the Metropolitan Police had already issued an apology (in August 2011) to the Duggan family for the manner in which police initially communicated with them,[92] suggesting that the IPCC had a responsibility to provide information to Duggan's family.[93]
In late March 2012 the IPCC indicated that the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 made it impossible for the organisation to reveal information obtained during its investigation into Duggan's death, making it doubtful if a public coroner's inquest into the killing could ever be held.[94]
In April 2012, the BBC aired footage of the immediate aftermath of the shooting. The footage showed paramedics handling Duggan's body. The IPCC condemned the BBC for showing the footage without first consulting them.[95]
The IPCC was expected to release its report on the killing in summer of 2012. Because no report had been issued by January 2013, a planned inquest into the killing was delayed until September.[96] The IPCC announced in March 2013 that it would issue a report in April, for delivery to the inquest in May.[57] Referring to the officers who killed Duggan, an IPCC spokesperson announced on 2 August 2013 that "We have found no evidence to indicate criminality at this stage." The IPCC said its investigation had substantially ended and that a final report would be issued later in August.[97]
The 11 officers involved initially refused interviews with the IPCC. The officer who killed Duggan, now known as "V53", later submitted testimony in writing.[97]
Metropolitan Police[edit]
Police stated that "no officer had done wrong" but announced that the person who shot Duggan would not remain on active firearms duty.[98]
The firearms officer involved in the operation known only as V53 provided written statements to the IPCC but refused to be interviewed.[35][99] David Lammy, the MP for Tottenham, was critical of his refusal.[53][99] The IPCC asked for the power to interview police officers even if they are not suspected of having committed a crime.[100]
Trial of Kevin Hutchinson-Foster[edit]
In November 2011, the IPCC began an investigation into the "quality of the investigative response" by police to an incident on 29 July 2011, for which police charged Kevin Hutchinson-Foster with possession of a handgun, believing the gun may be the same found at the shooting of Mr. Duggan.[54]
On 18 September 2012, Hutchinson-Foster's trial commenced in the Crown Court at Snaresbrook. The defendant was charged with supplying Duggan with the BBM Bruni Model 92 handgun, found near Duggan's car after his death.[101] The defendant denied the charge and gave his explanation for the presence of his DNA on the gun by alleging he had been beaten with the weapon by a gang that included Duggan.[102]
During the trial, prosecutor Edward Brown QC of QEB Hollis Whiteman contended that Duggan travelled to Leyton to collect the gun from Hutchinson-Foster, before driving to Tottenham with it.[101] The police alleged that Duggan had received a gun from Hutchinson-Foster 12–15 minutes before he was shot.[103]
Police testimony[edit]
The trial included testimony from seven police officers who were allowed to remain anonymous and use pseudonyms.[104] The Police alleged that Duggan had pulled the gun from his waistband and pointed it at police before they shot him.[105][106]
According to the evidence given by the cab driver and corroborated by one policeman present at the scene, Duggan got out of the taxi and ran in an attempt to escape.[30] The driver stated, "I saw that Mark Duggan got out and ran. At the same time, I heard firing from the front. I saw shots strike Mark Duggan. He fell to the ground."[30] "Mark Duggan only got 2ft–3ft from my car when he was shot", the taxi driver later testified.[31]
Pathologist testimony[edit]
Simon Poole, a pathologist who had performed a post-mortem on Duggan's body, testified in January 2013 at the retrial of Kevin Hutchinson-Foster and asserted that the injuries Duggan sustained in the shooting were not consistent with the account of the incident that was given by the police officer who fired the lethal shot. Questioned by a barrister representing Hutchinson-Foster, Poole said that the police bullet had penetrated Duggan's body on the right side and travelled from right to left. Poole agreed with the barrister's statement: "So the scenario can't be right? The officer fires to his left and the bullet hits Mr Duggan in the chest and it should go from left to right – but it went right to left. Therefore the scenario can't be right?"[107]
Poole also later agreed with the prosecution that the bullet's trajectory might be consistent with the same angle of firing if Duggan had turned to face the officer.[107]
A December 2011 IPCC statement had cited Poole for discovering that a second bullet struck Duggan's arm.[42]
On 17 October 2012, the jury failed to reach a verdict.[108] The re-trial date was set for January 2013,[109] and on 31 January 2013 the defendant was convicted of supplying Duggan with the handgun.[110] On 26 February 2013, the defendant was sentenced to eleven years in prison; seven years for supplying the gun, four years for related offences.[111]
The Hutchinson-Foster case did not resolve a number of significant unknown questions related to the Duggan killing.[112]
Reaction to official response[edit]
Following interviews in the Tottenham area, some residents have revealed that they do not trust police or investigators, and say that Duggan was executed by police.[113][114] A report due in summer of 2012 was announced delayed in October 2012.[115] Duggan's family and members of his community suggested that they did not consider the IPCC impartial and did not believe that its investigation was succeeding.[6]
Frustration with the official investigation mounted in May 2012 when it was announced that the 31 police witnesses would not be required to answer questions—instead submitting written testimony.[28] David Lammy, MP from Tottenham, stated: "It is unacceptable that the police officers have not made themselves available for interview, and it is unacceptable that the IPCC does not have the power to compel them to do so."[116]
Duggan's family[edit]
Duggan's family did not believe that the police have been honest about the shooting, and have pressured the police and IPCC for greater transparency.[117][118] Duggan's sister, Paulette Hall, has stated: "We want justice. We want them to come clean and tell us what happened. The police are human like us. If you kill someone, you should do the time, just like we would have to do." Hall has reiterated concerns about media portrayals, and produced her own film titled The Real Story of Mark Duggan.[119]
Duggan's mother, Pamela, has said: "We still don't have justice. I won't give up until I get justice for Mark. People need to be held to account for my son's death. There needs to be a full inquest, in front of a jury of ordinary men and women, to find out the truth."[120] Mrs. Duggan has sought judicial review for the case, requesting oversight of the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) and the IPCC. London's High Court of Justice rejected her application for judicial review on 18 June 2013.[121][122][123]
The family have criticized the IPCC for delaying the investigation. Expecting an inquest to begin on 28 January and instead facing indefinite postponement, a barrister for the Duggan family commented: "It is absolutely shocking to find ourselves here today and to hear your counsel saying that there are further investigations, basic investigations, to be conducted such as a reconstruction and forensics."[96]
Stafford Scott[edit]
Stafford Scott, originally appointed as an advisor to Operation Trident, resigned from the investigation because he felt that it was not being conducted fairly. Writing in The Guardian, he stated:
The IPCC has broken its own guidelines by giving out erroneous information to journalists regarding the "shoot-out" involving Duggan and police that didn't actually happen. And its investigation is flawed and in all probability tainted – so much so that we can never have faith in its final report.[40]
Scott blames the police response to the Duggan shooting for the escalation of the 2011 riots.[28][124] He later criticized authorities for treating the Hutchinson-Foster as a proxy for the Duggan investigation, while continuing to delay the official inquest on Duggan's death.[125] He says that members of Duggan's community feel ignored and lied to by authorities,[124] writing in March 2012: "In August 2011 the word on the streets was that 'they executed Mark'. Seven months later the word is that the police had control of the gun or worse."[114]
After the Hutchinson-Foster trial, Scott criticized the Trident police for inaction, writing: "So it is now clear that the police had a golden opportunity to remove an identified gunman and a firearm off of the streets but somehow managed not to do so. And this is all the more shocking because the police have a special unit, Trident, established specifically to deal with gun crime in the black community."[126]
At a pre-inquest hearing in June 2012, coroner Andrew Walker said it was "quite extraordinary" that the IPCC refused to provide witness statements. He ordered the material to be disclosed within 28 days. Representing the Duggan family, Michael Mansfield QC said the IPCC's position was "utterly unacceptable", and warned them they would be in contempt if they refused the coroner's order.[127]
A public inquest on the killing had been scheduled for 28 January 2013. On 25 January,[128] the inquest was declared indefinitely postponed because the IPCC had not yet released its report.[96] Judge Keith Cutler later announced that the inquest would begin on 16 September 2013.[57][129] The inquest was expected to last for six to eight weeks.[129] It was assigned the same group who were assigned to the inquest into the death of Azelle Rodney.[112]
The government created a website for publicizing materials related to the inquest, and considered live broadcast for some of the proceedings. Testimony from firearms officers was to remain entirely anonymous.[96] Members of the inquest jury may also be kept anonymous.[130]
Inquest hearings began on 16 September 2013. The jury began with a visit to the street in Tottenham where Duggan was killed in 2011.[131]
Police allegations[edit]
Police maintained that Duggan was a gang member linked to violent crime. "As well as gun crime, he was involved in supply of class A drugs and possession of ammunition", said Detective Inspector Mick Foote.[132]
Foote denied making the claim that Duggan had fired at police, saying he was "surprised" that early reports of the incident described a "shoot out".[133] The IPCC later conceded it had misled journalists shortly after the shooting by saying that shots were exchanged.[134]
A police officer appearing in support of the IPCC, wrote in a statement that during informal briefings at the scene of death "officers had apparently thrown a firearm found in his [Duggan's] possession over a fence so that it was out of reach and it would no longer pose a threat to them". No other officer confirmed this.[134]
Manner of death[edit]
The jury learned that Duggan had been killed by a 9mm parabellum, hollow-point bullet, travelling at 870 mph.[135] This type of bullet is designed to cause instant incapacitation.[136]
Pathologist Derrick Pounder said that police had "simply got it wrong" in their accounts of the shooting. Pounder testified that Duggan was hit first by a non-fatal shot to the arm, then killed by a second shot to his chest.[135][137]
The gun[edit]
Lawyers for the Duggan family argued that police had planted the handgun found on the scene.[138] Two witnesses testified that they saw a police officer move something from the minicab to the place where the gun was found, 20 feet away from Duggan's body.[139] One witness ("Miss J") said she saw the officer pick up the gun, adding: "It will never leave me for the simple reason it's not often you see a gun in broad daylight." She said the officer "had an expression like he'd found gold."[140][141] Miss J was standing 50 metres away from the scene (with a fence in between),[142] and the final IPCC report noted that there were, "many discrepancies between her accounts, which overall lessens the weight that can be attached to her observations, as they render her evidence unreliable and contradictory."[143]
The driver of the minicab testified that he did not see a gun in Duggan's hand, nor did he see one fly through the air. He said Duggan was shot in the back.[144] Another witness said there was "definitely" a phone in Duggan's hand.[145][146] During the inquest Ian Stern, counsel for the police, suggested that the same witness – the only one to actually see Duggan being shot – had earlier told a journalist that he (Duggan) had been holding a handgun. The witness denied ever making such statements.[147]
"V53", the officer who shot and killed Duggan, testified that Duggan was still holding a gun after both of the shots were fired, saying his eyes were "glued to the gun." Military surgeon Jonathan Clasper testified that it would be difficult to imagine Duggan throwing his gun 20 feet after being hit by the two shots.[148]
Near the end of the hearings, lawyer Leslie Thomas confronted the police officer "V59" with the possibility that a gun had been planted, saying: "I'm going to suggest to you, V59, that you knew where the gun was before the officers had gone round (the fence), because you, and all of your colleagues had planted it there." The officer replied: "I did not plant any gun at any scene. I find that highly offensive."[149] Thomas also accused officer "W70" of inconsistencies and omissions in testimony.[150]
During the inquest, student protesters were heard chanting: "Who killed Mark Duggan? You killed Mark Duggan."[151] On 11 December, students protested outside the Royal Courts of Justice while the inquest was underway.[152]
Deliberation and verdict[edit]
The jury began deliberations on 10 December 2013, asked to render a verdict of unlawful killing, lawful killing, or open verdict.[153] Subsequently, Cutler told the jury that he would accept a conclusion based on a majority agreement by 8 of the 10 jurors.[154][155]
The jury interrupted deliberations over Christmas and resumed on 7 January 2014.[155] They delivered their conclusions at approximately 16:00 on 8 January, concluding (by an 8–1 majority) that Duggan's death was a lawful killing.
Legal challenge and appeal[edit]
Following the inquest, a case was brought by Duggan's mother to the High Court seeking judicial review, arguing that the coroner's directions to the jury were legally incorrect. The direction to the jury instructed them to determine whether or not the officer who shot Duggan was acting on an honest belief that Duggan was a threat, not whether his belief was reasonable. The case challenged the legal standard for self-defence as being incompatible with Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights which protects the right to life.
In October 2014, the High Court rejected this challenge. Leave was given to appeal the case to the civil division of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales, but the appellate court also rejected the claims in 2017.[156][157][158] Metropolitan Police Service firearms specialist, 51 years old Anthony Hanley allegedly shot himself in the head after he turned suicidal, on Saturday, 30 January 2016, in spite of being deterred by fellow officers, near his home in Wallington, London. The inquest started on Monday, 30 October 2017.[159][160]
In March 2019, Duggan's family brought a civil claim against the Metropolitan Police.[161]
In December 2019, investigators called for the 2011 case to be reopened, claiming that a virtual model of the shooting casts doubt on its findings.[162]
See also[edit]
- Race and crime in the United Kingdom
- List of people killed by law enforcement officers in the United Kingdom
- Police use of firearms in the United Kingdom
- List of cases of police brutality in the United Kingdom
- Causes of 2011 England Riots
- Death of Azelle Rodney
- Death of Anthony Grainger
- Deaths after contact with the police
- Ferguson unrest
- The Hard Stop
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- ^ Thapar, Ciaran (6 September 2019). "UK drill rappers OFB: 'No one helps us round here. Music is the only way'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ^ Thompson, Tony (9 August 2011). "When I grew up in Tottenham, we stole sweets; now it's revenge shootings". Evening Standard. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
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- ^ a b Lewis, Jason (13 August 2011). "The street code of vengeance that sparked the riots". The Telegraph. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
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- ^ a b c Stafford Scott, "The investigation of Mark Duggan's death is tainted. I want no part in it", The Guardian, 20 November 2011.
- ^ Akilah Russell, "Police Apologise To Duggan Family", The Voice, 10 August 2011.
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- ^ "'No evidence' that Mark Duggan shot at police, says IPCC". London Evening Standard. 10 August 2011. Archived from the original on 19 September 2012. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
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- ^ "Mark Duggan death: 'No evidence' Tottenham man opened fire". BBC. London. 9 August 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
- ^ Vikram Dodd, "New questions raised over Duggan shooting", The Guardian, 18 November 2011. Archived 20 November 2012.
- ^ a b Rayner, Gordon (31 January 2013). "Revealed: gang rivalry, Mark Duggan and the unavenged murder behind the London riots". The Daily Telegraph.
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- ^ Dodd, Vikram (19 November 2011). "Revealed: Mark Duggan was not armed when shot by police". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
- ^ a b c d Vikram Dodd, "IPCC report on Mark Duggan shooting to be completed next month: Watchdog will finish report a year late into police shooting that sparked riots", The Guardian, 25 March 2013.
- ^ Jackson, Peter (7 August 2011). "London riots: Tensions behind unrest revealed". BBC News. London. Archived from the original on 9 August 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
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- ^ 16 YEAROLD OLD GIRL ATTACKED BY TOTTENHAM RIOT POLICE! on YouTube
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- ^ a b Vikram Dodd, "Mark Duggan police shooting: IPCC inquiry finds no evidence of criminality: Shooter declined to answer questions orally, instead submitting written answers later"; The Guardian, 2 August 2013.
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- ^ a b Dodd, Vikram (26 April 2012). "Mark Duggan death: Met officers refuse IPCC interviews". guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
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- ^ Alan White, "This investigation is about more than Mark Duggan", New Statesman, 28 April 2012.
- ^ a b Stafford Scott, "The shooting of Mark Duggan must be investigated openly", The Guardian, 27 March 2012.
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- ^ Elizabeth Pears, "'We Want Justice For Mark'", The Voice, 14 October 2011.
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- ^ Mark Williams, "Mark Duggan's Sister Urges Police: 'Come Clean!'", The Voice, 16 June 2012.
- ^ Trudy Simpson, ""i-won't-give-until-i-get-justice-mark Duggan's Mum: 'I Won't Give Up Until I Get Justice For Mark'[dead link]", The Voice, 3 August 2012.
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- ^ a b Stafford Scott, "Mark Duggan: the lessons the police haven't learned: A year after the killing of Mark Duggan, his family and community still feel ignored and marginalised", The Guardian, 3 August 2012.
- ^ Stafford Scott, "Mark Duggan's family have had to endure yet again", The Guardian, 18 October 2012.
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- ^ a b Bart Chan, "Full Inquiry Into Mark Duggan's Death Set For September", The Voice, 28 January 2013.
- ^ Terri Judd, "Mark Duggan inquest: commission investigating police shooting that sparked summer riots 'not fit for purpose': Death in 2011 in Tottenham led to widespread rioting across London and England", The Independent, 25 March 2013.
- ^ Jermaine Haughton, "Inquest jury visits Mark Duggan shooting scene: Anonymous members of the court to get firsthand walkthrough of the places Duggan was before he was shot", The Voice, 19 September 2013.
- ^ Haroon Siddique, " Mark Duggan was involved in gun crime, police officer tells inquest: Senior officer says Duggan, whose shooting by police triggered 2011 riots, was member of gang that included violent criminals", The Guardian, 23 September 2013.
- ^ Jermaine Haughton, "Senior officer 'said Mark Duggan came firing' at police", The Voice, 24 September 2013.
- ^ a b Peachey, Paul (8 January 2014). "Mark Duggan inquest: Was he really armed? Were the police under threat? All the key evidence". Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
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- ^ Josh Halliday, "Bullet that killed Mark Duggan 'had only recently been authorised for use': Hollow-point 9mm bullet is designed to cause instant incapacitation and 'mushrooms' in body, inquest hears", The Guardian, 14 November 2013.
- ^ "Mark Duggan inquest: Armed police 'simply got it wrong: Pathologist professor gives evidence at inquest into death of Tottenham resident", The Voice, 14 November 2013.
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- ^ "New evidence backs theory police planted Mark Duggan gun Witness tells inquest jury officer 'ran from scene with object'", The Voice, 25 November 2013.
- ^ Tom Pettifor, "Mark Duggan inquest: Key witness claims police moved a gun AFTER the shooting", Daily Mirror, 16 October 2013.
- ^ Vikram Dodd, "Mark Duggan witness says she saw officer remove gun from car: Woman tells inquest she saw officer emerge from cab with expression 'like he had found gold' 10 minutes after shooting", The Guardian, 16 October 2013.
- ^ Moore, Stephen (17 October 2013). "Mark Duggan inquest: Witness 'saw police drag Duggan from cab' and 'remove gun'". Tottenham & Wood Green Journal. Archived from the original on 1 August 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
- ^ "Loading site please wait..." www.ipcc.gov.uk.
- ^ Natricia Duncan, "'Police shot Mark Duggan in back', says taxi driver: Minicab driver giving evidence at inquest claims officer who opened fire 'lost his senses'", The Voice, 14 October 2013.
- ^ Stephen Moore, "Mark Duggan inquest: Duggan 'clutching phone' when shot, says key witness Archived 25 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine", Tottenham Journal, 5 December 2013.
- ^ Sam Jones, "Mark Duggan was holding phone as he was shot by police, inquest hears: Witness says Duggan, whose death in London sparked riots in 2011, had stopped and put his hands up before he was shot", The Guardian, 3 December 2013.
- ^ Casciani, Dominic (14 March 2018). "Duggan did not need to die - witness" – via www.bbc.co.uk.
- ^ Josh Halliday, "Duggan inquest: police evidence 'fails to explain how gun was found 20ft away': Military surgeon tells inquest discovery of gun behind a wall was unexplained by evidence of officer who shot Duggan", The Guardian, 18 November 2013.
- ^ Natricia Duncan, "Gun plant claims 'highly offensive' says Mark Duggan officer", The Voice, 5 December 2013.
- ^ Vikram Dodd, "Armed police officer admits his account of Mark Duggan killing changed: Officer told inquest Duggan was holding a gun when he was shot by police, something he omitted in initial account", The Guardian, 23 October 0213.
- ^ Aaron Bastani, "Student protests are changing tack – and facing heavy police repression", The Guardian, 5 December 2013.
- ^ Robin De Peyer, "Protests in London as students make 'cops off campus' rallying call", London Evening Standard, 11 December 2013.
- ^ Martin Brunt, "Mark Duggan Inquest: Jury Begin Deliberations", SkyNews, 11 December 2013.
- ^ "Mark Duggan inquest coroner tells jury he will accept majority conclusion: Coroner tells panel of 10 jurors they may reach conclusions and findings on which at least eight of them are agreed", The Guardian, 18 December 2013.
- ^ a b Natricia Duncan, "Mark Duggan inquest adjourned until next year: Anonymous inquest jurors will return in January to decide verdict", The Voice, 19 December 2013.
- ^ "R (Duggan) v Deputy Coroner for North London". www.judiciary.gov.uk. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
- ^ Taylor, Diane (2 March 2017). "Mark Duggan shooting: court considers appeal against inquest verdict". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
- ^ "Mark Duggan's family lose inquest appeal". BBC News. 29 March 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
- ^ Kirk, Tristan (31 October 2017). "Met firearms expert killed himself in a stand-off with armed police after blaming himself for the fatal shooting of Mark Duggan". Evening Standard.
- ^ "Mark Duggan death: Timeline of events". BBC News. 27 October 2015.
- ^ "Mark Duggan's family lodges civil claim against Metropolitan police". The Guardian. 23 March 2019. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
- ^ Dodd, Vikram (5 December 2019). "Mark Duggan shooting report challenged by human rights groups". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
External links[edit]
- The Mark Duggan Inquest: Government website for information about the inquest
- The funeral of Mark Duggan – in pictures


text:
The living room is the hub of our homes. It should feel warm, cozy and inviting. Memories and traditions are often made in this room, and after a long day, there's nothing better than kicking up your feet in a comfortable space.
In our latest Huntervention™, Ashley Toney—interior designer and owner of First Fruit Collection—took a dull living area and transformed it into a welcoming space with a quick and simple makeover. For this living room, we wanted comfort to meet style. We hope these inexpensive and easy steps can help inspire your own Huntervention:
1. Warm things up
Neutral warm hues will make the entire room seem cozier, while still keeping the space feeling open and fresh. We chose Sherwin-Williams' "Agreeable Gray" for this reason. Warm grays are also extremely versatile, so whatever your style—traditional, contemporary, or something completely different—these colors won't clash with your furniture.
2. Find the perfect size
Choosing the right ceiling fan and light really enhances your room. The Crown Park traditional ceiling fan is the perfect grand statement piece. With large, decoratively carved wood blades, this fan demands attention. The simple, yet elegant design features an intricate three-light fixture that offers plenty of light, even for a big room. The right fan will keep the room feeling comfortable, while adding aesthetic interest at the same time.
Shop more ceiling fans with lights
3. Texture talks
Placing a rug on a wooden floor conveys a sense of dimension in your space. The woven texture of a jute rug complements the other warm neutral hues and helps make the room more inviting. Choosing the right size for your living room is crucial. We chose an 8 x 10 rug that was large enough to fit under the front legs of the sofa and chairs, giving the sitting area a more put-together look.
4. Finish strong
Last but certainly not least, add some finishing touches to your room. Make sure your patterns don't compete with each other, but don't be afraid to add some color. This is where you really make it your own. Have fun and it'll add to the personality and coziness of your home.
See the full Huntervention from beginning to end, and then start your own!
Product Details:
Fan: Hunter Crown Park
Paint: Sherwin-Williams' "Agreeable Gray"
Couch & Chairs: First Fruit Collection
Accessories: First Fruit Collection
Katie Toombs Painting: First Fruit Collection

subset: commoncrawl


text:
There are good Star Trek episodes, there are bad Star Trek episodes, there are forgettable Star Trek episodes, and then there are the just plain weird ones. This week, the Shuttle Pod crew went back to the well of oddball episodes and we each chose a weird episode of Star Trek on television to rewatch and analyze.
For Volume 2 of The Best of the Weird, we watched the The Next Generation episode "Sub Rosa" (Dinnae light that candle!), Voyager's "The Thaw", The Animated Series "The Magicks of Megas-Tu" (Friend Kirk!), and we wrap it up with The Next Generation's "Home Soil" (we're all just "ugly bags of mostly water").


text:
Archive for the 'Why I Love Local News' Category
Police Blotter of the Day: Woman allegedly drives through church, stabs husband on altar for 'worshiping NASCAR'
A Church Hill woman is accused of attempted first degree murder after police say she tried to kill her husband with a kitchen knife after accusing him of "worshiping" the NASCAR race at Bristol.
The victim told Church Hill police his wife, Stephanie Hamman, crashed her vehicle through the walls of Providence Church. He told officers when he went to check on his wife, he found her lying in front of the altar. As the man checked on her, he says she stated, "The devil is in me," and stabbed him on the right side of his chest with a large kitchen knife.
Full story (WCYB-TV of Kingsport, Tenn.)
OF COURSE it's Florida: Zoning board member gives Nazi salute at planning meeting
Marcia Radosevich gave the Nazi dictator's one-armed salute and said "Heil Hitler" while the board was discussing the powers of village staff members during the monthly Planning, Zoning & Adjustment Board meeting March 5.
Full story (Palm Beach Post)
Police Blotter of the Day: Suspect eats hundreds of dollars in cash
In — where else? — Florida:
The victim told deputies they were at a party earlier and Parrado became angry and demanded they return home. She said once they were at home, he pushed her around in their residence and the two of them struggled over her wallet, which he took from her by force. The wallet contained $750 in cash. …
Parrado was handcuffed and placed in a patrol car. As Sgt. Slough was driving to the detention center in Marathon, he heard a strange noise in the back of his car. When he looked in his rearview mirror, he saw Parrado with his mouth full of cash. He was literally chewing — and choking on — the cash he had stolen from his girlfriend.
Sgt. Slough pulled over and attempted to recover the money Parrado was eating, but when he counted the remaining cash he found $277 missing from the whole amount the girlfriend said he stole. Some of the money was found in his underwear and deputies think that is where he hid it prior to eating it.
And sometimes you do a story just for the headline
An 18-year-old Florida woman was only slightly injured when she was shot by her friend's oven, police said.
Yes. An oven. She was trying to cook waffles and didn't know her friend was storing ammunition in the oven. So we got to write this totally straightforward headline:
Woman shot by oven while trying to cook waffles
Life on general assignment
In the new world at NBC News, I'm now doing general assignment after many years covering various beats. That yields a certain variety to one's work week.
At 1 o'clock this morning, I was hunched over a spreadsheet calculating word-frequency counts for President Obama's State of the Union address. Ten hours later, I was writing this:
One of the busiest interstates in the U.S. remained closed Wednesday, hours after a semi-trailer transporting French vanilla coffee creamer overturned in Phoenix, coating more than 150 feet of the highway with a white slick of delicious-smelling traffic hazard.
You never know what life on GA will bring next.
Grab your coffee mug: French vanilla creamer closes busy Arizona interstate (NBC News)
Sometimes, you do a story just for the picture
Police Blotter of the Day: 'Marijuana' in undercover deal was sandwich
A Graham man was charged Monday with selling an undercover police officer a bag that he said contained an ounce of marijuana.
Instead, the bag contained a half-eaten chicken sandwich.
(Dustin Rockwell Davis, 23, was charged with selling and delivering a counterfeit controlled substance — which is also a felony.)
Full story (Burlington, N.C., Times-News)


text:
Roseline J. Bazelais Attorney at LawImmigration, Family Law, Personal Injuries, Real Estate in Massachusetts
At Roseline J. Bazelais Attorney at Law our mission is to provide affordable, professional and quality legal services to the general population. Attorney Roseline J. Bazelais has the experience, expertise, and working knowledge to handle your case.
Roseline J. Bazelais uses her vast expertise to represent the best interests of her clients and is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week for legal advice and consultation. Calls to our office are promptly returned.
Areas of Practice
- Immigration – Text goes here.
- Family Law – Text goes here.
- Personal Injury – Text goes here.
- Real Estate – Text goes here.
The material presented on this website is intended solely for information. It is not intended as professional advice, to create any agreement or Attorney-Client relationship with Roseline J. Bazelais, Attorney At Law and should not be construed as such. Some links within this website may lead to other sites. Roseline J. Bazelais, Attorney At Law does not sponsor, endorse or otherwise approve of the materials appearing in such site.


text:
Where to Download Software for Designing Clothesby Andie Francese
Fashion design software is a small niche of the software market but many of the products that are out there are of great quality. Instead of running out to a store and buying large and bulky software you can simply find what you're looking for online to download. Captera, Downloads.com and FashionToolbox are three websites that offer fashion designing software. Some are free to try while others require you to take the plunge and shell out serious cash.
Captera.com is a website that offers downloads of all the latest fashion software. It also offers small reviews of each product so you know what you are getting before you make a purchase. They offer everything from textile designing to pattern-making software. You can buy or download each software individually so you only get what you actually want or need. The website has plenty of software to choose from, but the bulk of the software allows you to design clothing and a pattern. You can adjust colors, textures and materials so your vision can come to life through the software before you actually start making the item.
Downloads.com (Link in resources) has software downloads for everything you can imagine, including fashion design. If you think you want a program but you are not ready to pay a huge sum of money for it, the website has several "free trial" software options for fashion design. With a free trial you can give the product a go for a specified period of time, or with limited access. If you choose to buy it you can do it directly from your computer and the rest of the program will unlock.
Fashion Toolbox
FashionToolbox.com is a design software that has been on the market since the 1990's and it is constantly updated to take into account new technology and design needs. The program can be downloaded directly through the website and educational discounts are available if you can prove your status as a student or faculty member, but generally the software runs about $300. The software offered by Fashion Toolbox is for the true designer, but it can be used by aspiring or learning designers as well. Fashion Toolbox allows designers to experiment with different textiles and materials as well as color combination. There is a pattern feature that allows designers to work out their designs right in the program before going to real materials. The program also offers a "real-time" feature that allows you to adjust the garments to a virtual fit before moving forward. The program is used as a teaching software as well so it is fairly easy to navigate and has a very expansive tutorial.


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If you enjoy music and would like to make a career out of it, then be sure to read these top 10 paying jobs for music lovers. See which job is right for you and exactly what you can expect to make if you take it. Some may surprise you.
- Ambient Mixer Blog
- Audio Mixer
- Sounds
- Relaxing music


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Henry Marshall Tory Lecture 2018 presents...
The Henry Marshall Tory Lecture 2018 will be held on Wednesday, February 7. Our featured speaker is The Right Honourable Kim Campbell on the topic Preparing 21st Century Leaders.
Join us for an evening of insights from Ms. Campbell, followed by engaging questions and answers time.
We look forward to seeing you,
Friends of the University of Alberta


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sera provides a broad range of products for freshwater aquariums.
Here you will find
Here you will find healthy and particularly easily digestible fish food for your freshwater fish.
The new aquarium care system by sera solves all problems in freshwater aquariums with just one product per step.
sera provides numerous technical products for freshwater aquariums.
sera provides a broad range of products for marine aquariums.
Here you will find food for the inhabitants of marine aquariums that match the various feeding habits particularly well.
Good water quality is particularly important in marine aquariums. Here you will find the suitable products for creating optimal water parameters.
sera provides numerous technical products for marine aquariums.
sera provides a broad range of products for ponds.
Be it professional Koi food, food for goldfish or special food for Sterlets - sera pond food optimally matches the feeding habits of each pond inhabitant and at the same time support their immune system. Here you will find the correct food for healthy pond fish ...
Systemic pond care. sera systematizes pond care according to frequently occurring problem situations. Here you will find the right products for systematically ensuring optimal water quality in your pond.
sera provides numerous technical products for ponds.
sera provides a broad range of terrarium products.
Here you will find appropriate staple and additional food for terrarium inhabitants that match the various feeding habits optimally.
In this area you will find care products for reptiles and small animals.
sera provides numerous technical products for terrariums and aqua-terrariums.
At the Interzoo 2018, sera presented eight different gravel types as ornamental bottom ground, which are available from now on. They are four round grained colored gravel types and four natural gravel types, which are CO2 proof, water neutral and guaranteed to be pollutant free. Different colors and grain sizes allow for an individual aquarium setup matching the fish and plants being kept. All gravel types are available in convenient 3 and 6 liter buckets. The correct amount of gravel can be calculated with the sera Gravel Calculator.
The new ornamental bottom ground by sera allows setting up every aquarium individually. Choosing the bottom ground basically depends on which ornamental fish are kept in the aquarium and which plants are supposed to grow in the bottom ground. In nature, some ornamental fish species for instance live in waters whose bottom ground is rather dark - they would therefore not feel well on bright bottom ground. It is important for the plants that they are provided with a bottom ground in which they can root and grow on well. At the same time, some circulation should be possible so the purification bacteria, which partly also settle in the bottom ground, find optimal conditions. The optical appearance is the last factor: the bottom ground can also serve for enhancing the animals and plants optically. It thus also fulfills a decorative purpose.
All sera Gravel ornamental gravel types are CO2 proof and neutral towards water, i.e. they do not tint the water. However, the eight different versions differ concerning their color and grain size. The colored gravel types are available in 2-3 mm grain size, the natural gravel types have different grain sizes: sera Gravel White and sera Gravel Anthracite have 1-3 mm grain size, sera Gravel Beige 2-4 mm and sera Gravel Ocher 0-2 mm.
Round grains ensure bottom oriented fish such as catfish do not get injured, when they look for food at the bottom. Particularly interesting for breeders: all sera Gravel ornamental gravel types have been tested according to DIN 38415-6 / EN ISO 15088 by an independent institute, and are proven to be pollutant free, so fish spawn can develop healthily there. All gravel types are thus also suitable for keeping and breeding sensitive species.
The sera Gravel types are available in two different variants: 3 l and 6 l. The Gravel Calculator allows easy calculation of the gravel amount required for an aquarium. To do so, the dimensions of the aquarium (length = A in cm, width = B in cm) are multiplied with the desired height (C in cm) of sera Gravel, the result is then divided by 1,000. This leads to the required number of liters of sera Gravel.


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For some years an idea has been rattling around my head. Can we create stories of a positive future, a vision worth aspiring to? I see a world in Transition, with forces pulling in multiple directions. Some desire greater control, or would maintain their interests, others work to distribute resource and equalise opportunity. But there is little in the way of vision. However what I have alway struggled with is how to weave multiple narratives. The Tarot (or simply cards) offers the opportunity for multiple narratives and even exploration of new narratives through a shuffle of the cards and engaging the imagination. Note: Whilst the Tarot is our launch point for exploration, Cards for Change may further evolve as the prototype develops.
For some the Tarot will seem an unusual vehicle for exploring these stories. But I urge you to set aside your stereotypes and prejudices as I have, and consider the below as one means of mapping the landscape of our emergent future and a launch point for further discussion.
We are co-creating a Tarot for Social Transformation, and we invite you to contribute.
The idea at it's core is to collect the Archetypes, Behaviours, Technologies, and Memes that are Transforming our world, and to use them to build a story of Positive Social Transformation. As well as telling this story the cards can be used for Brainstorming, Forecasting, Generating new lines of intellectual inquiry, and mapping change within your community.
Why the Tarot?
The Tarot has at it's core a story of Personal Transformation – the Fools Journey. The Archetypes the Fool meets and events that befall the Fool on his way result in his personal growth and spiritual transformation. Despite this linear narrative however, the shuffling of the cards, or conscious use, combined with the opportunity for interpretation of the images, allows for multiple narratives and paths to emerge. The cards offer a point of provocation for us to create patterns and pathways for Social Transformation.
Many stories are being told of our future. These Meta Narratives are mostly either of Technological Salvation, Financial Collapse, Ecological Destruction, or outright Armageddon. It is necessary for us to find new stories, stories that are both positive and inclusive if we are to create a world worth inhabiting.
The Tarot offers a good working structure to help create new narratives and explore these in a distributed and non-linear manner. The associated rituals also provide a fun and meaningful framework for telling stories of our future.
The final deck will be offered for download under a cc-by license and maybe printed and offered for sale, however if you do profit from the cards and their use, please donate a portion of the profits you consider to be fair towards a socially beneficial project of your choosing.
The final deck will not be edited or curated by us, where cards are duplicated you can choose which you want to include. You may also choose to exclude cards, although first we invite you to consider carefully how you would interpret the card, and if it should really be excluded from the deck (as an example when I saw the "Castration for Rape" card I had a strong urge to remove it, my wife pointed out it was created by an Indian Woman. The card now represents for me Mob Justice, Violent Retaliation, Oppression of Women, Violence Against Women and a whole host of complex interconnected social issues that should not be ignored in any transition narrative – we must recognise the dark sides of our nature if we are to embrace the light).
So please contribute to the discussion by:
Download and print the template, or upload into a draw program (although we would rather you engage your hands).
Create a card – please only draw in black and white (for some consistency of aesthetics).
You may create your own Archetypes, Behaviors, Technologies, Memes, or anything else you consider necessary for consideration in the path to a better future.
If you wish to use the existing tarot for a launch point, generate a random card here, consider it's meaning and how it translates to social transformation.
Finally send us your card here and we'll add to the deck, feel free to share online #cards4change
Note: We have prototyped this exercise at DMY with mixed results, you can find the first cards here (we will clean up for deck printing later). I would like to see more archetypes relating to real world archetypes, and emerging trends in the deck, but some are already a good start.
See gallery below.
Update: New additions and second event
It was our pleasure to participate in a festival at Klien Hundorf, a small community in North Germany. You know you're in Paradise when the food served is picked from plants within 5 minutes walking distance. There weren't so many participants, but those that did were worth it. See below for the latest additions.
Update. At present the project is on hiatus, whilst I focus on Betabook.co.
We've collected at least 20 additional cards to process. Here's a couple.
Stewardship, by Lauren Lapidge
Who are the stewards of the future?
Who is responsible for the resources of the future?
What can we learn about the past and now on 'stewardship'?


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January 11, 2008 - Imaging technologies are helping heart modellers overcome the dilemma of proving that the models really are an accurate representation of the real human heart, as demonstrated in a workshop held recently by the European Science Foundation (ESF).
Computerized in-silico models simulate the real heart and enable possible drugs and therapies to be tested without risk to people.
However, in order to create a realistic model, you need accurate and extensive data from real hearts for calibration.
"Validation of the models is very important, and was raised at the workshop," said Blanca Rodriguez, scientific coordinator of the ESF workshop, and senior cardiac researcher at Oxford University, Europe's leading center for cardiac modelling. "One of the problems has been that it is much easier to get experimental data from animals than humans."
Progress in imaging techniques allows researchers to observe cardiac activity externally without the need for invasive probes. "We are now getting data at very high resolutions and that allows us to model things in more detail, with greatly improved anatomy and structure," said Rodriguez.
One of the most important diseases being modelled is myocardial ischemia. Studying stem cell therapy to regenerate heart muscle destroyed by disease requires careful testing to eliminate possibly dangerous side effects, such as cancer and disruption of normal heart rhythms, leading to arrhythmia or irregular heart beats. Heart models "could be used to model stem cells' behavior, and see how they are incorporated into the heart," said Rodriguez.
Rodriguez recommends that researchers create a standard and robust software infrastructure for sharing heart models and associated data, and to define exactly how to calibrate the models more effectively from experimental data.
For more information: www.esf.org


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Identity & Security competency requirements changing
The Identity & Security competency requirements are changing in May 2010. To deliver best value to both our partners and customers, we continue to evolve our enterprise security strategy - " Business Ready Security ". We believe that security needs to encompass protection, access and management, all built around identity and integrated with a highly secure, interoperable platform. This notion of integrated, identity-aware protection and access is unique and central to Microsoft's security strategy.
We are aligning the IDENTITY and SECURITY competency requirements to better embody this strategy. This will allow us to identify our best partners and appropriately reward them. Customers will also benefit by knowing that partners in the competency are qualified to provide an end-to-end solution for their business needs.
We have aggregated a series of resources for Security partners below to help them further align to our Business Ready Security strategy and the new Security Competency requirements that take effect in May 2010.
1. Please visit the Infrastructure Security Requirements page to read more about the new exam requirements.
2. Get Free Training: Technical readiness resources at Forefront Learning Paths & sales readiness resources at Core IO University.
3. Take the exam (70-557) preparation courses (part 1, part 2, part 3 and part 4)
4. Register for the exam at www.prometric.com.


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"The withdrawal of Sir Herbert Samuel from his post as High Commissioner of Palestine at the present time would be most unfortunate", said Dr. David Yellin last night at a reception in his honor given by the Zionist Organization of America and the Keren Hayesod.
"Let us note that a High Commissioner who is Jewish is needed to equilibrate the situation in Palestine. The population is largely Moslem. The Government is Christian. The least we could ask then is that the High Commissioner should be a Jew.
"Both the agricultural and industrial development of Palestine depend as yet on the assistance of American money," he said. "This is needed in industry in the form of credits and investment."
Over 3,000 people crowded the north ballroom of the Hotel Astor to welcome the distinguished Palestinian scholar. Miss Henrietta Szold. acting chairman of the Zionist Organization of America, opened the meeting and greeted Dr. Yellin in English and in Hebrew.
Reubin Brainin, Hebrew writer; David Tannenbaum, chairman of the New York Zionist Council; Nathan Straus and Dr. Stephen S. Wise, at whose invitation Dr. Yellin came to America to lecture at the Jewish Institute of Religion, welcomed the guest.
The Archive of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency includes articles published from 1923 to 2008. Archive stories reflect the journalistic standards and practices of the time they were published.


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Tuesday, May 6, 2014
Take a Stitch Tuesday
http://pintangle.com/ taught how to do the Zig Zag Coral Stitch. It looks a bit complicated but it really isn't. I am looking forward to learning the beaded version!
Posted by Angela at 11:34 AM 2 comments: Links to this post
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ABA therapy is the most effective evidence-based treatment for Autism and is recommended by physicians, the American Psychological Association, and the US Surgeon General. ABA is not dependent on a single teaching strategy, but an individualized blend of teaching methods catered to the learners needs.
We are committed to all we can to provide the best services possible to children with autism. The foundation of this commitment is our staff training.
When the Behavior Analyst Certification Board suggested Registered Behavior Technician credentialing for all staff implementing direct intervention, we went above and beyond standard requirements by creating our own interactive curriculum to ensure mastery of ABA best practices and teaching methods across our entire staff.
The Skill Development System (SDS) is implemented monthly to guide training of all clinical training components. This training system ensures consistency of both the demonstration of therapy skills, while also ensuring consistency of observations and feedback.
Semi-annual evaluations are utilized to positively reinforce progress within the Skill Development System as well as commitment to a positive, team-based approach.
With a demand for services on the rise, many insurance companies are now requiring direct intervention be delivered by a Registered Behavior Technician (RBT) credentialed by the Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB). The BACB requires a 40-hour training course as part of a requirement for RBT training. While many companies purchase a pre-made video course to teach employees, Bierman ABA Autism Center created nearly 50 hours of original content for our RBT course. Our course covers all behavior analysis related topics covered by the BACB RBT checklist, covers additional concepts to deepen understanding of ABA, and teaches the concept in a way that ensures mastery of the concepts similar to that of a graduate level course.
Our RBT content is delivered via an online training platform that allows us to create original content, evolve and add to content, and provide a personalized learning process.
Our Skill Development System (SDS) is an objective, data driven training system that teaches all clinical training components. Content for training is first delivered via our online training platform, skills are then practiced within fluency-based instruction where the SDS utilizes in situ feedback tools to ensure consistency of demonstration, as well as concept mastery across several learners.
The SDS differs from ordinary check box or scale-based evaluation systems, as the data driven measures not only ensure consistency across all staff, but are constructed to constantly raise the bar on clinical skill development and performance.
Much of our therapy staff has invested in making a meaningful impact for children with autism by investing in masters-level degree or post-bachelor course series in Behavior Analysis in order to become a BCBA/BCaBA with a caseload. We have designed a Consultant in Training (CIT) program for individuals who have excelled in their roles and are ready to learn the consulting process. The standout feature of our CIT program is the systematic training involving hands-on training, overlapping, in situ practice and feedback.
A soapbox for our clinical experts. Have a question about some component of ABA programming? Drop us a line.
What truly sets us apart from most other providers is much simpler than one would expect- that is, a developed team of Behavior Analysts whose sole, full-time responsibility is to ensure clinical programs are designed to the highest quality.
The increased rate of autism diagnosis has led to a concurrent increase in providers claiming to provide efficacious treatment. One way of keeping up with demand has been by creating a model of provision in which application can be easily replicated, from one client to the next.
The model looks something like this: 1) Assessment (typically a behavior analytic assessment such as the VB-MAPP); 2) Language and behavior programming 3) Application of the program through therapy and 4) Data collection. What results is a set of rules, and providers develop only the skills necessary to follow those rules. Unfortunately, throughout this process, and particularly after data collection, not much "analysis" is done at all. What is lost when services take on these characteristics is the 2nd "A" in ABA, …the most important part of what makes ABA effective in first place.
Within the community of behavior analysts, we identify these services as "Applied Behavior". And most providers do not even realize they are doing it.
In our October newsletter, we discussed the movement within our organization towards a more systematic and thorough system of measurement. Measurement is the key to effective behavior analysis, as it allows our BCBA's to identify patterns of behavior change, or trends, and to make decisions about our kids learning. Through these data sets, and the patterns identified, Consultants and BCBA's learn from their clients, and the analysis and effectiveness of programming grows exponentially.
We are taking this focus on Analysis a step further. Our entire team will receive will receive extensive training in the upcoming year on how to analyze data and behavior as it occurs throughout a session. This includes everyone from the Consultants to the Behavior Technicians. We will be trained to analyze client's learning, minute by minute, and make decisions about what to do differently to ensure that learning does not have to "sit and wait" for our consultants to see change is needed. All behavior technicians will receive intense training on their own decision-making, and data will show that our behavior technician's decisions are in line with our highest skilled BCBA's. We look forward to striving to be the BEST!


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Contact us
*Welcome to Pillowlink! I sew decorative pillow covers and table linens. You can buy custom sized, handpainted pillows.
Shipping details
Note: items ships in one-two weeks.
All items are shipped by the registered priority air mail.
Usually it takes about 2-3 weeks to ship internationally, so please allow lots of time.
Custom orders will be discussed at time of order.
Note: Buyer assumes all responsibility for taxes and/or duty fees imposed by their individual country.
If you feel like you need DHL guaranteed shipping, please contact me and I can add it to your order from Lithuania it costs 22USD for parcels up to 500 grams, and ships to USA in 2-4 business days. To Australia about 25USD and ships in 3-4 business days.
SHIPPING TO USA: due to strengthen USA custom safety rules, the delivery can be delayed, so be patient , please. If you haven't got your parcel in time, just inform me and we will try to solve this problem together.
Refunds, returns & exchanges
>>100% refund guarantee<<
I try to do my best when describe and photograph my items. Please read the descriptions of items carefully!
*BUT if you are completely unsatisfied with your purchase, please convo me and I will do everything possible to make it right! Exchanges are always welcome (within 14 days please!).
Refund can be made for items, not for shipping.
Additional information
Pillows handsewn at home studio. Handpainted process takes few days longer.
Hand knitted pillows also at home.


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Key: AF – Asana Fundamentals; AL – All Levels; L1 – Level 1; L2 – Level 2; L3 – Level 3; J&G – One hour Joints & Glands.
Note: The calendar is only accurate for the current month.
Himalayan Institute Class Descriptions
All Levels Yoga and Meditation
Pre-Requisites: None – class is appropriate for all levels of experience including beginners.
This class provides a model for a balanced personal practice to take home with you. It includes 45 minutes of asana (postures), 10 minutes of relaxation, exploring the pranayama practices of Kapalabhati and Nadi Shodhanam, and concludes with a 10 minute seated Meditation.
Asana Fundamentals Class
This class is open to all Residents and Guests!
This class provides progressive instruction on Asana and Pranayama throughout the first week of the Self Transformation Program Course. The classes lay the foundation to access the subtle body through asana. The class focus is on Pelvic/Abdominal Strength, Standing Poses, Diaphragmatic Breathing, and Guided Muscle Relaxation
Level 1 Yoga and Meditation
Pre-Requisites: None – class is appropriate for all levels of experience including beginners.
This class is for those who are either new to yoga or who would like to continue developing a basic understanding of the major classes of asana poses.
Levels 2 & 3 Yoga and Meditation
Pre-Requisites: We recommend students have some comfort and familiarity with all major classes of asana poses and sun salutations.
Level 2 & 3 classes offer a range of experiences to challenge and deepen your practice of Yoga and Meditation. Classes include vigorous asana flows, longer holds, and techniques to refine your sensitivity to the flow of Prana in the subtle body. Pranayama practices include Kapalabhati, Bhastrika, and Nadi Shodhanam. Class will close with systematic relaxation and seated meditation.
Joints & Glands
A set of simple, pleasant stretching exercises that can be enjoyed by everyone. These exercises increase circulation to all parts of the body and help to improve overall flexibility. By releasing accumulated tensions in the joints and glands, the exercises help restore a natural vitality to the body and mind. Purchase the book and DVD here.


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The Many Benefits Of Hiring The Services Of A Real Estate Attorney
Buying a property is never an easy task especially if this is your first time. You might have a problem if you have just purchased a home that is too spacious and is too pricey or you might even buy one have just been recently renovated. Keep in mind that buying a home is one of the most important decisions you will make in your life. If you want to make sure that you clearly understand every detail of your contract and that you won't regret the big decision you will make, it is advisable to get yourself an experienced attorney at law.
Some investors or home buyers do not like the idea of spending money just to hire the services of anexperienced attorney at law or a real estate attorney. But even if you know what you are getting yourself into, it is still best to hire a good real estate attorney. Listed below are some of the advantage of hiring a real estate attorney.
1. He will tell you the truth.
When you hire the services of an experienced attorney at law, he will be loyal to you and he will always tell you the truth. Yes, having a real estate agent is nice but only a real estate attorney can determine what your best interest legally. Regardless if you are hiring your real estate attorney to make sure you receive the necessary documentations from the previous owner or you would just like him to represent you, you will always have the peace of mind knowing your home purchase will go well.
2. You will be able to negotiate better.
Hiring an experienced attorney at law when planning to invest or buy a property will definitely benefit you. When you hire the services of a real estate attorney, you can even save money because he can help you get your dream home for a lower price. He will be giving you a logical argument that can help you get your desired property for a lower cost. You will learn a lot from your lawyer and you will make a smart investment. Keep in mind that negotiating is an important skill in the real estate industry.
3. They can spot property liens.
Another reason why you should hire an experienced attorney at law is for you to be safe from property liens. Be careful when buying a property because when you do, there is a chance that you are also buying any debts attached to it. To make sure this does not happen to you, tell your real estate attorney to create a clear contract that absolves you of any debts or property liens.
Quotes: Get More Info


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South Florida foodies can expect a splashy affair this weekend when Boca hosts its annual Bacchanal spree of fine food and drink. For more than a decade now the weekend-long fest has attracted top vintners and national chefs for its series of events that range from exclusive, intimate dinners to a more casual grand tasting.
The 12th Annual Boca Bacchanal kicks off with six exclusive vintner dinners, which pair visiting winemakers and chefs at venues that include four private homes as well as Saks Fifth Avenue Boca Raton (starring chefs Brian and Shanna O'Hea from Academe in Kennebunk and winemakers from Napa Valley's Hollywood & Vine) and the Boca Raton Hotel & Club (the only dinner that's not sold out, featuring chefs Joanne Weir and Gonzalo Rivera from Copita in Sausalito and winemakers from Australia's Chateau Tanunda). Dinner tickets cost $325 per person.
This night belongs to the Bacchus Bash, an interactive tasting event featuring 14 chefs and vintners. Expect "by the bite" stations, food demos, a full dessert bar, liqueur station, plenty of wine, music and dancing. The bash happens at the Boca Raton Resort & Club, at 6:30 p.m. Tickets cost $225 per person.
The Bacchanal's Grand Tasting takes over Mizner Park Amphitheatre, where more than 30 local chefs and restaurants will offer food tastings. For the pairing, there's some 140 wines to choose from, plus a beer garden. There's also a marketplace showcasing herbs, oils and produce.
The Grand Tasting goes from 1 to 4 p.m. at the amphitheatre, located at 590 Plaza Real in Boca Raton. Tickets are $85 in advance, $100 at the door.
Available online at BocaBacchanal.com. More information is available on the website as well as at 561-395-6766 ext. 101 and email@example.com. The Boca Bacchanal benefits the Boca Raton Historical Society & Museum.
On Twitter:@LizBalmaseda


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Events for January 29, 2019 › Pemberton
Events Search and Views Navigation
9:00 am
Strong Start – Signal Hill Elementary School
Where parents and children have fun together We run playgroups for parents/guardians and their children up to 6 years of age. Activities are designed to support the success of children when they enter kindergarten. In addition, we offer support, information, resources and a chance to meet other parents. The programs follow the school year and […]Find out more »
12:00 pm
Healthy Pregnancy Outreach Program (HPOP) – Pemberton
Giving babies the best start in life This program helps women maintain good health and have healthy babies. It provides a weekly drop-in discussion group, a cooking club and one-on-one support. The program is for women who are pregnant or whose child is six months old or less.Find out more »