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GLASGOW Warriors left their Belfast visitors bruised and battered as they boosted their bid for a home-turf Pro12 semi-final.
Gregor Townsend's side virtually made certain of claiming a place in the title play-offs with a powerful display at Scotstoun.
And the target of a top-two league finish is now within their reach.
Townsend hailed his big hitters last night but insisted it was the Warriors' defence who were key to the win.
He said: "The guys put their bodies on the line and they could not have done any more.
"Last week against Munster I could not pick out anyone for special mention – it was the same here. It was a wonderful team effort.
"Our play in the last 50 minutes was top drawer stuff. Now we have to keep up the momentum against Edinburgh next weekend."
The hosts made a bright start with Sean Maitland embarking on a mazy dash into enemy territory only for ref John Lacey to hand Ulster a penalty for holding on too long in contact.
There was a reprieve for Glasgow three minutes later as Ireland playmaker Paddy Jackson sent his first pot at goal well wide. But Finn Russell eased the home nerves by slotting a penalty from close in.
A brilliant charge by full-back Ricky Andrew put Glasgow under heavy pressure. And though they stemmed the initial wave of attacks, Jackson then stepped up to equalise.
Suddenly Ulster looked lethal and Jackson was back on target when the Warriors were too slow to roll away from the tackle scene.
There was another double-blow for the Warriors when flanker Ryan Wilson was controversially yellow carded for killing the ball in the danger zone. And Jackson was never going to miss from dead in front.
The ref was again the focus of home fans' fury when he ignored assistant Graham Marshall's report of an Ulster forward elbowing a Glasgow rival in the throat.
Instead he penalised the Warriors for holding on – but Jackson's effort smashed off the post.
Glasgow finished the half with a flourish as Maitland grabbed a try in the wake of a marvellous offload by Russell who added the conversion.
Warriors continued to hold the momentum after the restart and Russell banged over a penalty. And Glasgow's renewed confidence prompted them to spurn two kicks at goal in the hope of creating another touchdown.
The gamble paid off as Tommy Seymour was driven over with Russell converting from a wide angle.
Nick Williams went within a hair's breadth of pulling back a score as video ref Jim Yuill said the evidence was inconclusive.
And Yuill was on duty in the 66th minute to give Mark Bennett the benefit of the doubt when he appeared to let the ball slip from his grasp before it hit the turf – and Russell again turned it into a seven-pointer.


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Perhaps the future is unfolding before my eyes. Could a man named Mitt be elected President of the United States? Could a governor of the liberal bastion of Massachusetts be elected to the Presidency? Could anyone from Massachusetts? It is the land of Ted Kenneddy, Barney Frank and John Kerry and none of them could do it. Now, wouldn't that just upset the apple cart? Could a Mormon be elected? Lordy, Lordy, if the Irish Catholics of Massachusetts can tolerate a Mormon governor, surely the rest of the land would be able. And isn't it about time that the Mormons got one of their own into high office? After all, Mormonism is the only true American religion. The faith was born and bred in the farm fields of New York. Other faiths were too, in the early years of the country's existence. But Mormonism survived and the others died out. I think I could go for Brother Mitt. Robert Novak is writing Romney Ready for 2008 Run. Hillary (and Newt) - watch out! The Momons are coming.
Are We Ready for a Mormon President from The Boston Globe

subset: commoncrawl


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The Guard interviews for the 2014 season have been completed.
Thank you to the Operations Committee and to all those that applied. \
We are looking forward to a great summer!
What's New at SRA >
What's New at SRA >
2014 Guard Interviews Completedposted Jan 8, 2014, 8:57 AM by Stephen Schlacter


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The Boeing 737 Cowling Chair
Last updated on June 30th, 2017 at 11:08 am
The trend of upcycling is showing no signs of letting up. And while some upcycle attempts may look a little Blue Peter-y, one example that can't be accused of such a thing is this chair made from an old aircraft's engine. Take a look at the awesome '737 Cowling Chair'.
Created from the engine cowling of a Boeing 737 by the folks at Fallen Furniture, the colossal chair is welded together from sheets of titanium alloy on the exterior. Inside, the dark interior has upholstered in the highest quality leather, and to finish it off, the chair spins weightlessly on its highly polished spun aluminium base.
Based in Bath, Fallen Furniture is the brainchild of brothers Harry and Ben Tucker. Using reclaimed, authentic aircraft parts, from both military and civilian aircraft steeped in history, the company take pride in exploring the most innovative ways to breathe new life into remarkable feats of engineering to design and create pieces of art and furniture.
Each piece of Fallen Furniture is meticulously crafted with an emphasis on originality and personality, resulting in a distinctive and decorative tribute to aviation heritage and engineering, guaranteed to intrigue, to captivate, and to inspire conversation in any home or place of business.
Standing at 2-metres high, 2-metres wide and 2-metres deep, the 737 Cowling Chair is featured over at the Fallen Furniture Website where you can enquire about the availability.


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Friday, August 09, 2013
TOMMY CHONG to Star as "Gawd"
Los Angeles – 8 August 2013 – Wow and Flutter Media Group announced today that Tommy Chong, one-half of the legendary comedy duo Cheech and Chong will star in the feature comedy, "It's Gawd!"
"Desperate to save the world, (and his job), the creator of Earth journeys to the planet to reconnect with mankind- via an internet variety show." Billed as an irreverent comedy with a heart, the film offers an entirely fresh interpretation of the divine. "It's a rebellious call to action that endeavors to inspire a troubled world through humor and music", said Gerald Brunskill, the film's writer and director. He credits, Neale Donald Walsch's best-seller, Conversations with God as the inspiration for writing the script.
The movie also stars Rebecca Mader of ABC's Lost fame who recently appeared with Robert Downey Jr. in Iron Man 3. The movie is written and will be directed by first-timer Gerald (Jerry) Brunskill and will be produced by Brunskill's Wow and Flutter Media Group which he helms with Partner and Producer Ryan Rees. Rees will Produce along with Adam O'Connor. Ruchir Garg will Executive Produce and Jennifer Birn is casting and co-producing.
It's Gawd! marks Chong's first full-length feature since 1984's, "Cheech and Chong's the Corsican Brothers" and will be the first time that he appears in a starring role without his long-time partner, Cheech Marin.
"I guess you could say I had my spiritual awakening while I was in Prison. I liked (Jerry's) take on God combined with the comedy" said Chong. "If you look at the world today as it is, you gotta think only a stoner could've put that together."
Chong, who spent nine months in a federal penitentiary for selling bongs and marijuana pipes was last featured in "aka Tommy Chong", a documentary film that chronicles his experience and is critical of the prosecution of Chong by the U.S. federal government.
"There was never anybody else for this role." offers Brunskill. "Tommy Chong is the perfect blend of whimsy, wisdom, and counter-culture. I think people are going to fall in love with him all over again when they see this movie."
Brunskill, also an accomplished musician and film composer, came up with the idea while touring with Neale Donald Walsch, author of the wildly popular book series, Conversations with God. "I found the trials of integrating and observing a spiritually conscious lifestyle from a tour bus hysterical. Ultimately it served as the perfect inspiration with which to share these sorts of messages with an audience that wouldn't normally be exposed to them."
"This movie is going to surprise and resonate with a lot of people," Chong ads. Cameras are set to roll in September of this year in Los Angeles.
About Tommy Chong
Thomas B. Kin Chong is a Canadian-American comedian, actor, writer, director, activist, and musician. He is well known for his marijuana-themed Cheech and Chong comedy movies with Cheech Marin, as well as playing the character Leo on Fox's That '70's Show.
About Gerald Brunskill
Gerald Brunskill is a writer, director, and composer. He has scored hundred hours of episodic television and has also written and directed several television pilots. He is currently involved in multiple projects in both the scripted and non-scripted space. This will be his first full-length feature as director.
About Wow and Flutter Media Group
Wow and Flutter Media Group is a full-service production company that Brunskill and Rees launched in 2006. WFM has been involved in the production of over 30 films including, "The Wackness" starring Ben Kingsley and Josh Peck, "Tyson", a documentary about Mike Tyson, and "World's Greatest Dad" written and directed by Bobcat Goldthwait and starring Robin Williams.
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Saint Kitts and Nevis have one of the longest written histories in the Caribbean, both islands being among Spain's and England's first colonies in the archipelago. Despite being only two miles apart and quite diminutive in size, Saint Kitts and Nevis were widely recognized as being separate entities with distinct identities until they were forcibly united in the late 19th century.
The first settlers to arrive to the islands, almost 3,000 years B.C., were a pre-agricultural, pre-ceramic people, who migrated down the archipelago from Florida. These hunter-gatherers for years were mistakenly thought to be the Ciboney, an Amerindian race from Cuba. However, archaeological evidence has proven that they were in actuality a group which has been labelled simply "Archaic people". In a few hundred years, these Archaic people disappeared.
Around 1000 B.C., the ceramic-using and agriculturalist Saladoid people came to the islands, migrating up the archipelago from the banks of the Orinoco River in Venezuela. These people were then replaced in 800 A.D. by the Igneri people, members of the Arawak tribe. They were a peace-loving pro-religious people who migrated up the same path from the Orinoco. They heavily settled it, climaxing to an estimated population of 5,000.
Around 1300 A.D., the Kalinago, or Carib people arrived on the islands. The war-like or belligerent Kalinago people quickly dispersed the Igneri, and forced them northwards to the Greater Antilles. They named Saint Kitts Liamuiga meaning "fertile island", and Nevis Oualie meaning "land of beautiful waters". The islands of Liamuiga and Oualie marked the furthest the Kalinago ever reached northwards, in terms of permanent residence, and probably would have succeeded in occupying the entire archipelago had the Europeans not come. Both islands were major bases used by the Kalinago from the South to raid the Eastern Taino peoples of the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico, and were critically important for the Kalinago trade routes to the North.
The first Europeans to see and name the islands were the Spanish under Christopher Columbus, who sighted the islands in 1493 during his second voyage. He named Saint Kitts Sant Jago (Saint James). However, misinterpretations of maps by subsequent Spanish explorers led Saint Kitts to be named San Cristobal (Saint Christopher), a name originally applied to Saba twenty miles north. Nevis was named "Nuestra Señora de las Nieves", or "Our Lady of the Snows", because the wreath of white clouds that usually covers the top of its volcanic peak reminded the Spaniards of the ancient Catholic miracle Our Lady of the Snows.
The first non-Spanish settlement attempt in the Caribbean occurred on Saint Kitts, when French Huguenot[1][2][3] refugees from the fishing town of Dieppe established a town on a harbour on the island's north coast, which they also named Dieppe, in 1538. However, only months after the founding, the settlement was raided by the Spanish and all the inhabitants were deported. The remains of one of the buildings is now the basement for the Main house in the Golden Lemon Hotel.
The next European encounter occurred in 1607 when Captain John Smith stopped at Nevis for five days on his way to founding the first successful settlement in Virginia. Smith documented the many hot springs in Nevis, whose waters had remarkable curative abilities against skin ailments and bad health.
In the early 17th century, an English sea captain, Sir Thomas Warner, set sail with a crew to found a colony on the Guiana coast. His colony proved a failure, as his crew was ravaged by disease, unfamiliar weather conditions, and Carib raids. A friend of Warner's then suggested that he should instead try to colonise one of the islands in the Lesser Antilles because of their more favourable conditions. In 1623 Warner abandoned his Guiana post and sailed north through the archipelago. After checking each island, Warner decided that Saint Kitts would prove to be the best-suited site for an English colony, because of its strategic central position ideal for expansion, its friendly native population, fertile soil, abundant fresh water, and large salt deposits. He and his family landed on the island and made peace with the local Kalinago peoples, whose leader was Ouboutou Tegremante. Warner then left his family behind and returned to England to gather more men to officially establish a colony. In 1624, he returned and established the colony of Saint Christopher, the first English colony in the Caribbean. They established a port town at Old Road, downhill from Tegremante's capital village.
In 1625, a French captain, Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc, arrived on the island. He had left France hoping to establish an island colony after hearing about the success of the English on Saint Kitts, but his fleet was destroyed in a clash with the Spanish navy, leaving him with only his flagship. Warner took pity on the French settlers and allowed them to settle on the island as well, thus making Saint Kitts the site of the first permanent French colony in the Caribbean as well. French settlers lodged themselves in the ruins of the town of Dieppe, which they rebuilt. Warner also willingly accepted the French in an attempt to out-populate the local Kalinago, of whom he was growing suspicious.
Warner's suspicions proved to be accurate. As the European population on Saint Kitts continued to increase, Tegremante grew hostile to the foreigners. In 1626, after a secret meeting with Kalinago heads from neighbouring Waitikubuli (Dominica) and Oualie (Nevis), it was decided that in a secret raid they would ambush the European settlements. The secret plan was revealed to the Europeans, however, by an Igneri woman named Barbe. She had only recently been brought to St Kitts as a slave-wife after a raid on an Arawak island. Barbe despised the Kalinago and had fallen in love with Warner, and thus told him of the planned ambush. The Europeans acted by attacking the Kalinago first. At a site now called Bloody Point, which housed the island's main Kalinago settlement, over 2,000 Kalinago men were massacred, many of whom were from Waitikubuli, who had come overnight planning to attack the Europeans the next day. The many dead bodies were dumped in a river, on the site which housed the Kalinago place of worship. For weeks, blood flowed down the river like water, giving it its nickname, Bloody River. The remaining Kalinago were deported to Waitikubuli.
After the
In 2005, St Kitts saw the closure of its sugar industry, after 365 years in the monoculture. This was explained as due to the industry's huge losses, as well as to market threats by the European Union, which had plans to cut sugar prices greatly in the near future.
On September 21, 1998, Hurricane Georges severely damaged the islands, leaving nearly $500 million of damage to property. Georges was the worst hurricane to hit the region in the 20th century.
Economic improvement for St Kitts followed, with the PAM party shifting focus from the sugar industry to tourism. However, much of the island's poorest people, mainly the sugar workers, were neglected. Opposition to PAM began to build from this, as well as on accusations of corruption. In the 1993 elections, both PAM and Labour took four seats each, whilst on Nevis, a new party, the Concerned Citizens Movement, took two seats, beating the NRP's one. The stalemate on St Kitts proved unresolvable when the CCM in Nevis refused to form a coalition with PAM. Rioting soon followed on the islands, which was finally resolved in a special set of elections held in 1995, in which the Labour Party overwhelmingly defeated the PAM party, winning seven seats compared to PAM's one. Dr. Denzil Douglas became the new prime minister of the federation, and retains the post to this day.
Taking advantage of the Labour Party's confusion, the PAM party was very successful in the 1980 elections, winning three seats on St Kitts, compared to the Labour Party's four. The Nevis Reformation Party, under the leadership of Simeon Daniel, won two of the three seats on Nevis. PAM and NRP then formed a coalition government, naming Kennedy Simmonds, a medical doctor and one of the founders of the PAM, premier (Simmonds had won Bradshaw's former seat in a 1979 by-election). The change in government reduced the demand for Nevis' secession. In 1983, the federation was granted independence from Britain, with a constitution that granted Nevis a large degree of autonomy as well as the guaranteed right of secession. To take advantage of this landmark, early elections were called in 1984, in which the NRP captured all three seats on Nevis, and the PAM party capturing six seats on St Kitts, compared to the Labour Party's two, despite overall the Labour Party winning the nationwide popular vote. The new coalition government now had a strong 9 to 2 mandate in parliament.
In 1978 Bradshaw died of prostate cancer. He was succeeded by his former deputy, Paul Southwell, but Southwell himself died a few months later, in 1979. The party then fell into a crisis of leadership. The position of premier was then handed over to Lee Moore.
During Bradshaw's long tenure, his government slowly moved into a statist approach to economic development. All sugar lands were bought by the government, as well as the central sugar factory. Opposition to Bradshaw's rule began to build, especially by the families and supporters of former estate owners, who founded the People's Action Movement party in 1964, after frustration over a failed demonstration against a raise in electricity rates. Opposition was especially great in Nevis, who felt that their island was being neglected and unfairly deprived of revenue, investment and services by its larger neighbour. Bradshaw mainly ignored Nevis' complaints, but Nevisian disenchantment with the Labour Party proved a key factor in the party's eventual fall from power.
In 1970 there was a serious maritime incident, the Christena disaster, the sinking of an overloaded ferry boat, with much loss of life.
In the same year Anguilla had a major secession movement supported by St Kitts' political opposition party, The People's Action Movement (PAM). Both forces, working together, invaded the island from an Anguillian base in an attempted coup d'état. Anguilla was able to successfully break away from the union in 1971.
In 1967, the islands became an Associated State of Britain.
The islands remained in the Leeward Islands Federation until they joined the failed West Indies Federation from 1958 to 1962, in which Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla was a separate state. Robert Bradshaw was the Minister of Finance for the short-lived country.
Sugar production continued to dominate the lives of the islanders. The dominance by estate owners of the island's only and extremely limited natural resource, the land, and the single-minded application of that resource to one industry precluded the development of a stable peasant class. Instead, the system produced a large class of wage labourers generally resentful of foreign influence. The nature of the sugar industry itself—the production of a nonstaple and essentially nonnutritive commodity for a widely fluctuating world market—only served to deepen this hostility and to motivate Kittitian labourers to seek greater control over their working lives and their political situation. The collapse of sugar prices brought on by the Great Depression precipitated the birth of the organized labour movement in St Kitts and Nevis. The Workers League, organized by Thomas Manchester of Sandy Point in 1932, tapped the popular frustration that fueled the labor riots of 1935–36. Rechristened the St. Kitts and Nevis Trades and Labour Union in 1940 and under the new leadership of Robert Llewellyn Bradshaw, the union established a political arm, the St Kitts and Nevis Labour Party, which put Bradshaw in the Legislative Council in 1946. The Labour Party would go on to dominate political life in the twin-island state for more than thirty years.
Alexander Hamilton, the first United States Secretary of the Treasury, was born in Nevis; he spent his childhood there and on St. Croix, then belonging to Denmark, and now one of the United States Virgin Islands.
In 1833, the Leeward Islands were reunited as a single administrative entity, and was renamed the Federal Colony of the Leeward Islands in 1871. In 1883, St Kitts, Nevis and Anguilla were linked under one "presidency," based in St Kitts. Both Nevis and Anguilla disliked the union, as they had previously had their separate presidencies. An uneasy relationship followed.
Slavery was abolished in the British Empire in 1834. Profits from sugar began sinking even further, and this was made even worse with new countries, namely Brazil, Cuba and India beginning to dominate the market. Nevis' economy, as well as that of most Caribbean islands, suffered extensively from this. St Kitts escaped the plight of its neighbours because of its good soils, and massive projects undertaken to reduce soil erosion.
By 1776, Saint Kitts had become the richest British colony in the Caribbean, per capita. It retained this status until the late 19th century, despite a myriad of attacks by the French throughout the 18th century, including the Battle of St Kitts of 1782. The consolidation of British rule was recognized finally under the Treaty of Versailles in 1783. In 1806, the Leeward Islands Caribee government was split into two groups, with Antigua, Barbuda, Redonda and Montserrat in one group, and St Kitts, Nevis, Anguilla and the British Virgin Islands in the other. The islands in the new grouping however, were able to keep their great degrees of autonomy. The grouping then split entirely in 1816.
To make up for sugar losses in Nevis, the island opened its first hotel in 1778. The first such establishment in the Western Hemisphere, the Bath Hotel was constructed over the site of one of the island's famous hot springs. The island thus became the first place in the Americas to officially practice tourism. Nevis's popularity as a destination grew, and it continued to be in the favour of the British upper classes.
Whilst conditions on St Kitts improved, Nevis was seeing a decline. The years of monocrop cultivation, as well as heavy amounts of soil erosion due to the high slope grade on the island, caused its sugar production to continuously decrease. A heavy French raid in 1706 further complicated the situation, and damaged the island's agriculture extensively. It proved to never fully recover.
Saint Kitts was to face even greater devastation at the start of the 18th century. The French made one more major attack on English troops in 1705 during the War of the Spanish Succession, as the over 8,000 French troops on the island easily defeated the 1,000 English posts. The French held St Kitts for eight years, until the Treaty of Utrecht was signed (1713). The treaty ceded the entire island of St Kitts to the newly united Kingdom of Great Britain. Upon gaining control of the whole island in 1713, the British soon moved the island's capital to the town of Basseterre in 1727, and St Kitts quickly took off as a leader in sugar production in the Caribbean.
In 1690, a massive earthquake and tsunami destroyed the city of Jamestown, then the capital of Nevis. So much damage was done to it that the city was completely abandoned. It is reputed that the whole city sank into the sea, but since then, the land has moved over at least 100 yards to the west. That means that anything left of Jamestown would now be underground. The capital was moved south to the town of Charlestown, and the island's successful sugar trade quickly bounced back.
The history of Nevis was less tumultuous. The island was colonised by Anthony Hilton and 80 settlers from Saint Kitts in 1628. The island quickly grew very profitable from tobacco trading, and was able to secure prime investment from England. It was able to evade much of the conflict and devastation that nearby Saint Kitts suffered, and its riches were so great it was nicknamed "Queen of the Caribees." In 1629, during the Anglo-Spanish war of 1625-30, the Spanish occupied both islands and deported the English and French inhabitants back to their countries. However, the island was returned to England by the Treaty of Madrid in 1630. In 1640, Nevis, like St Kitts switched over to sugar cane production and its wealth continued to grow. By 1660, it was officially the most profitable colony in the English crown per capita. Its gross profits were great as well, as they surpassed that of all 13 American colonies combined, up until the 19th century, despite being thousands of times smaller. Nevis' riches however, made it a target for pirates and other European nations.
In 1689, during the War of the Grand Alliance, France re-occupied the entire island, and decimated the English farms. An English retaliation by General Codrington defeated the French forces and deported them to Martinique. The Treaty of Rijswijk in 1697 restored pre-war conditions. The war devastated St Kitts's economy.
In 1671, English Saint Kitts was joined with Nevis, Antigua and Montserrat to form the Leeward Caribee Island Government, headquartered in Antigua. The island still enjoyed full autonomy, however.
During the Second Anglo-Dutch War, the relationship between the French and English settlers soured, as their home countries warred. Warfare soon broke out on the island itself. The overwhelming French troops attacked the English settlements and gained control of the whole island from 1665–1667. The Treaty of Breda restored the English portion of the island to its owners.
Phillippe de Longvilliers de Poincy became governor of the French portion of the island in 1638. Owing greater allegiance to the Order of Saint John, he soon refused to accept the authority of the King of France. In 1651 the island was purchased by the Order from the Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique with de Poincy remaining as governor. He died on the island in 1660, and five years later the Order sold all of its possessions in the Caribbean to the French West India Company.
The island soon became a centre of production of tobacco. The planters grew prosperous. However, when the colony of Virginia began to dominate world tobacco production and profits started declining, the island switched to producing sugar cane, starting in 1640. To provide the large amounts of labour needed for the industry, African slaves were imported in large numbers. The slaves had very harsh living conditions, and thousands perished working the fields.
Saint Kitts suffered heavily from a Spanish raid in 1629, from which all of the island's inhabitants fled as the Spaniards pillaged. They returned shortly after, however, and developed a series of fortifications along the Caribbean coast.
Saint Croix (1648), and St Barths (1648), St Martin archipelago (1635), Guadeloupe (1635), the Martinique (1672). The French colonised Tortola (1650) and Anguilla (1632) and later Montserrat (1632), Antigua Both powers then proceeded to colonise neighbouring islands from their bases. The English settled Nevis (1628), [4]
Alexander Hamilton, British Empire, Gross domestic product, Leeward Islands, Saint Kitts and Nevis
United Kingdom, Nevis, Canada, Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Mexico, Puerto Rico, Viceroyalty of Peru, Viceroyalty of New Granada, United States
North America, Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Quebec City, New France, Geography of North America
Balearic Islands, Catalan language, Spanish language, Moors, Mediterranean Sea
Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo, Christopher Columbus, Hispaniola, France
Socialism, Maya civilization, History of Belize, History of Guatemala, History of Honduras
Canada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Guadeloupe, Miami, Cape Verde


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AMA District I "New England State Drone Laws"
Massachusetts regulations define the term "unmanned aerial vehicle" to mean "[a]n aircraft operated without the possibility of direct human intervention from within or on the aircraft." The regulations include unmanned aerial vehicles in the general definition of "aircraft" in Massachusetts.
This definition implies that any regulation applicable to manned aircraft in Massachusetts, generally, would apply to unmanned aerial vehicles. However, the only other specific reference to unmanned aerial vehicles in the state's regulations is found in the Registration section. Under the Registration regulation, a Certificate of Authorization ("COA") is defined as a valid license under Massachusetts law. It remains to be seen whether this regulation is subject to change due to the implementation of Part 107 at the federal level, as COAs are no longer specifically necessary for commercial flight.


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Here's a recent G+ video Hangout with WUaS Board Member Tito Dimas, in Jakarta, Indonesia, and Scott MacLeod in the SF Bay Area, about World University and School Indonesia in Indonesian, and planning for this (from today, August 7, 2013).
"WUaS Indonesia - Planning for MIT OCW-centric WUaS in Indonesian and English, and Translation"
... seeking a large number of Indonesian students to apply this autumn 2013 for free, MIT OCW-centric, WUaS, undergraduate degrees in English, matriculating online in autumn 2014.
For planning purposes -
Translators - volunteer and paid
Develop accreditation conversation with OCW in Indonesia as well as the Indonesian Ministry of Education
Since MIT OCW-centric WUaS with free, C.C. degrees in English, and then in Indonesian, will benefit Indonesian students, develop funding with the Indonesian government and its Ministry of Education using a kind of assessment or quota system.
Matriculate Indonesian students to WUaS for undergraduate degrees in English this year, and then hire them to translate MIT OCW into Indonesian over their 4 years as undergraduates, and grow an Indonesian community of translators out of this.
In seeking to become the MIT and Harvard of the internet, and like MIT, (and H.Y.P. and Stanford) WUaS would seek to hire its own matriculated WUaS students to translate MIT OCW into Indonesian.
Begin Student Application Form for international students with inquiry on it about whether prospective Indonesian students would also like to translate MIT OCW into Indonesian for WUaS degrees, after they matriculate.
Seek large numbers of overachieving, bright and smart Indonesian, prospective, undergraduate students to apply this autumn 2013 and matriculate next autumn 2014 for free undergraduate degrees taking 32 courses over 4 years online in Indonesia.
Plan with Tito both WUaS in Indonesia for these 5 degrees - bachelors, Ph.D. law, and MD. eventually in Indonesian ... I.B. diploma high school in UN languages, beginning with a MIT OCW-centric bachelor's degree in 2014, Ph.D. in 2015, law in 2016, and MD in 2017 degrees … I.B. in 2015? The degrees would be from WUaS - as well as for translation over the years ahead.
WUaS advertising in Indonesia for free, MIT OCW-centric, WUaS degrees, first in English for Indonesian students, then MIT OCW in Indonesian for credit and degrees ... with WUaS's first, print advertisement in "Western Friend" magazine as an example - "Quaker-informed World University and School - http://scottmacleod.com/worlduniversityandschool.htm - like Wikipedia with MIT OCW, seeks high school students to apply this autumn 2013 to matriculate online in autumn 2014 for free, MIT OCW-centric, undergraduate degrees" - as well as this WUAS page - http://scottmacleod.com/worlduniversityandschool.html.
Develop all of this as one long-term plan for MIT OCW-centric WUaS in Indonesian, and as a model for other countries and languages.
Added this blog entry to WUaS's Indonesian page - http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Indonesia.


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The Philippine Association of Institutions for Research, Inc. or PAIR is a body that aims to advance quality multidisciplinary research and its dissemination in collaboration with the Commission on Higher Education (CHED).
The founding of PAIR was envisaged by Dr. Genaro V. Japos, the institution base of the association located at the heart of Cagayan de Oro City, the center for commerce of Northern Mindanao, Philippines. To start up the founding of the organization, a meeting with the representatives of various tertiary schools in Mindanao was convened during the training of editors for a refereed research journal by Zonal Research Centre of the Commission on Higher Education at the Notre Dame of Marbel University, City of Koronadal, South Cotabato, on April 2, 2007. It was during that meeting that the association's underlying principles were laid; the board of trustees was created, and the first sets of officers were elected. Three months later, on August 14, 2007, the association got its legal identity as it registered with the Philippine Securities and Exchange Commission. Almost a year after its SEC registration, the association was formally launched via its first CHED-endorsed national health and environment research forum held at the Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan on August 1 and Liceo de Cagayan University on August 2, 2008. By then, the first set of officers were inducted and the seven pioneering member-institutions took oath. Thereafter, succeeding CHED-endorsed research conferences, both national and international, were held in different venues, increasing the association's membership.
Miss Irish Jane P. Balios managed the organization with her appointment as Executive Vice President. Miss Kaye Hazel A. Aunzo took the position as Executive Editor while Darryl M. Nuyda became the Training and Conference Specialist. Mr. Edwin Delos Santos, Jr. has been the Finance Officer. Today, there are four journals: JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research, JPAIR Institutional Research, International Journal on Graft and Corruption, and the Philippine Journal of Agricultural Economics. Research to serve the needs of 118 colleges and universities as institutional members.
On June 11, 2015, PAIR passed the re-certification audit of its ISO 9001:2008 by the AJA Registrars, Inc. making PAIR the only Philippine private research association that is ISO certified.
Dr. Genaro V. Japos
Philippine Association of Institutions for Research, Inc.
Dr. Jocelyn M. Santos
University of Perpetual Help-Molino
Dr. Renan P. Limjuco
University of the Immaculate Conception
Vice President
Dr. Romeo D. Caturao
University of Antique, TLM Campus
Dr. Ryan D. Bastareche
University of Nueva Caceres
Dr. Leah Wilfreda R. Echavez
University of Bohol
Today, I greet the officers and members of the Philippine Association of Institutions of Research, Inc on the ten years of existence as a research organization. A decade of service to Filipino and foreign scholars, researchers and scientists in over forty countries! PAIR is an affiliate of the Association of Institutional Research USA.
We have now 115 institutional members and over 5000 members. PAIR has maintained ISO certification with AJA Registrars which insured the publications, trainings and conferences follow world standards. The good citations of our journal articles are a testament to the growing confidence of global scholars on our track record.
The impact of PAIR to scholars can be seen in the increasing number of faculty being promoted, in the universities acquiring OJS in their journals, in the number of researchers whose enhanced research and writing skills enabled them to have papers accepted and published here and abroad. For ten years, we have become the leader in research capability building initiatives in the country.
Success comes with a steep price. PAIR has been maligned, smeared and discredited by pseudo scholars from schools and government agencies. We simply stood our ground and continued to do better each day. Critics are those who know the way but can not drive the car. Our clients supported our journey until today.
In the future, PAIR aims to conquer the world. We have brought PAIR to Malaysia, Thailand, Taiwan, Hongkong and Vietnam.
GENARO V JAPOS. Ph.D
Every Filipino researcher is cited in accredited, ISO certified, peer reviewed, indexed, cross-referenced online journals.
1. To implement an ISO certified Quality Management System for greater customer satisfaction;
2. To train for the expertise of Filipino researchers in scientific writing, peer review and journal management that meet the standards of the scientific community;
3. To recognize the achievement of researchers, research leaders and research institutions; and
4. To disseminate, publish and utilize multidisciplinary and discipline specific research journals.
The Philippine Association of Institutions for Research Inc., (PAIR) which has the authority, responsibility and committed to high standards of excellence in the delivery of research trainings, conduct of research conferences, institutional and individual membership, and journal publication.
Recognizing its crucial role in the scientific development of the country, PAIR shall endeavour to deliver quality and credible research trainings, conduct of research conferences, journal publications and institutional and individual membership to its customers, and well-being of its employees by:
- Planning its activities and processes taking into consideration the needs of its customers, employees, regulatory bodies and other stakeholders and strive to satisfy their requirements.
- Doing its plan through the efforts of a well-trained and professional workforce, utilizing appropriate technologies and methods for credible scientific publications free from plagiarism, grammatical errors and erroneous documentation of sources.
- Checking regularly the results of its plans at various functions and levels in the organization to identify areas of improvement.
- Acting on decisions aligned to continual improvement.


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A staff writer for left-wing website Mic.com uncritically accepted a prankster's account of a fictitious racially-charged interaction with a Trump supporter, later spreading the false story on Twitter while dismissing those skeptical of the story's veracity.
The story begins with a tweet from Mic staff writer Sarah Harvard, requesting stories of Trump-inspired attacks on non-whites, Muslims or LGBTQ people. "If you're a person of color, Muslim, and/or LGBTQ, and have been attacked by a Trump supporter. DM/email me," she wrote, providing her email for people to contact her. Harvard promised a "Safe space" for any alleged victims.
That tweet caught the attention of right-of-center YouTuber Matt Christiansen, who decided to test what — if any — scrutiny the journalist would apply to stories of Trump-inspired attacks. Christiansen and a friend cooked up a fictitious story of a white male who threatened a Native American women because he thought she was Mexican and later justified his rudeness by saying "white is right."
Using a fake email and the name "Laurel Nelson," the pranksters emailed Harvard their story with the subject line "aggressive Trump supporter." The Daily Caller was provided with copies of the email exchanges between Harvard and "Laurel Nelson."
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1. Asheville
Western North Carolina is topographically the most diverse part of the state and therefore offers one of the richest travel experiences. Asheville, some 125 miles from Charlotte, is the area's gateway.
Located in the Blue Ridge Mountains, at the confluence of the French Broad and Swannanoa Rivers, it had been settled in 1794 by John Barton, who had originally named it "Morristown" after Robert Morris, a financier of the American Revolution, but it had been later changed to honor Governor Samuel Ashe. With the 1880 arrival of the Western North Carolina Railroad, it had developed as a livestock and tobacco market, and is today the economic and recreational center for western North Carolina and a tourism base for the area's Great Smoky Mountains National Park and Cherokee Indian culture.
Second only to Miami in art deco architecture, Asheville offers several interesting sights.
The Basilica of St. Lawrence, for example—jointly developed by Spanish architect Rafael Gustavia and Richard Sharp Smith—is a Spanish Renaissance design in brick and tile with a self-supporting dome and Catalan-style vaulting. It had been completed in 1908.
The early life of Thomas Wolfe, Asheville's famous novelist, can be gleaned from a tour of the 29-room Queen Anne-style house in which he had grown up. It is now a designated state historic site.
Nucleus of the arts, Asheville is the cultivation point of painters, sculptures, and potters, who perfect their crafts in the Riverside Arts District.
Asheville's—and all of North Carolina's—most famous and most visited sight, however, is Biltmore Estate. Designed by Richard Morris Hunt and landscaped by Frederick Law Olmsted (of New York's Central Park fame), the 255-room, French Renaissance chateau, having required a five-year construction period during the height of the Gilded Age and some 1,000 workers, had been the result of George Washington Vanderbilt's trips to the area in the early-1880s and his decision to have a summer residence, reminiscent of the chateaux's lining France's Loire Valley, built there. It is today the US's largest private residence and is still partly used for that purpose by Vanderbilt descendants.
The Vanderbilts, one of the country's wealthiest and most prominent families headed by Cornelius Vanderbilt, had amassed their wealth through railroads, corporations, and philanthropic activities. Passing the torch to the second generation, headed by William Henry Vanderbilt, he had been able to perpetuate his success, while William Henry himself had fathered the third generation, having four sons. George Washington Vanderbilt, one of them, had been the least active in developing the family's business.
Opening Biltmore House on Christmas Eve in 1895, he had engaged in scientific farming, stock breeding, and forestry, and brought his bride, Edith Stuyvessant Dresser, there, three years later. His only daughter, Cornelia, had been born in the house in 1900, and thirty years later, it had been opened to the public.
The massive house, accessible by both escorted and unescorted tours, offers a glimpse into this century-old, opulent lifestyle. The entrance hall, portal to this era, had been the same access point used by the Vanderbilts and their guests and leads round the glass-roofed winter garden. Perhaps the most grandiose room on the ground floor is the banquet hall. Stretching seven stories to the wooden ceiling, it features huge tables, three massive fireplaces, Flemish tapestries from the 1500s, and a 1916 Skinner pipe organ mounted on its own loft. It had been the location of the estate's parties, galas, and affairs.
The private sitting and bedrooms of George and Edith Vanderbilt are located on the second floor, although, of particular note, is the Louis XV bedroom, location of Cornelia's birth and the subsequent birth of her own two sons.
Most of the servants' bedrooms are located on the fourth floor.
The house's basement, location of additional servant bedrooms, features several kitchens and pantries and the recreational facilities, inclusive of a gymnasium, a 70,000-gallon indoor swimming pool, and one of the country's first private residence bowling alleys.
Sitting on 8,000 acres of land, Biltmore Estate features several other facilities of interest.
Fronted by a grass esplanade inspired by the gardens of the 17th-century Chateau de Vaux-le-Viconte in Melun, France, it features Italian, shrub, walled, spring, and azalea gardens, and a full conservatory.
Self-guided tours of the Biltmore Winery can be made, followed by a visit to the extensive wine and delicacy gift shop, while the nearby River Bend Farm, once the center of the estate's farming community, is comprised of a barn, a farmyard, and the Kitchen Garden, where its "field-to-table" program items are grown, before being used in the dishes served in all of its restaurants. Aside from this produce and its wines, the dairy division of Biltmore produces its own ice cream.
Adjacent to the Biltmore Estate entrance is historic Biltmore Village. Also co-designed by building architect Richard M. Hunt and landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted, and constructed between 1897 and 1905, it had been intended as a picturesque residential prelude to Biltmore Estate itself with a fan-shaped layout leading to the church, the railroad depot, and the estate's entrance, its focal points. Its cottages had first been occupied in 1900.
Today, it offers the quaint atmosphere of an English country village with tree-lined streets, brick sidewalks, period architecture, some ten restaurants and tearooms, and 30 shops and galleries. In 1989, it had been declared an historic area and local historical district.
Aside from Biltmore Estate, the Grove Park Inn, overlooking the city, is another opulent building listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The ruggedly beautiful, 512-room hotel, made of boulders hewn from the nearby Sunset Mountains, opened in 1913 and features massive stone fireplaces, four dining rooms, indoor waterfalls, a 40,000-square-foot spa, and beautiful views. It has hosted an endless list of prominent people, from politicians to movie stars.
Two small, but interesting museums are located on its ground, and their buildings can be directly traced to the Vanderbilts. Mrs. Vanderbilt, particularly, had been very interested in homespun fabrics, and ultimately established Biltmore Industries, a craft education program, which had later been sold to Fred Seely, son-in-law of Edwin W. Grove, himself architect and manager of the Grove Park Inn. Its weaving activities had been relocated to the small buildings currently on its grounds, whereafter it had achieved worldwide recognition for its hand-loomed fabrics.
In 1953, Henry Blomberg purchased the business from the Seely family and continued it until 1980. The daughters and sons-in-law of Blomberg, who had died 11 years later, restored the six English cottages and their surrounding landscapes, and created the two museums.
The first of these, the North Carolina Homespun Museum, had been opened to depict the history of Biltmore Industries originally founded on Biltmore Estate, but relocated to the present site in 1917, and exhibits examples of handiwork by North Carolina natives. America's heritage of handiwork, which is now more than 200 years old, still thrives in the southern Appalachian Mountains. The museum itself displays a four-harness loom and examples of homespun fabric.
The second museum, the Estes-Winn Antique Car Museum, once housed 40 looms, but currently displays four horse-drawn vehicles and 19 automobiles, including a 1913 Ford Model "T," a 1926 Cadillac, a 1929 Ford Model "A" with a rumble seat, a 1940 Packard "120" Coupe, and a 1959 Edsel, all in still-running, pristine condition.
The Grovewood Gallery, housed in a 1917 English Cottage next to the two museums, sells handmade furniture, ceramics, jewelry, glass, and artwork.
2. Chimney Rock Park
A popular day trip from Asheville is that to Chimney Rock Park. Located 25 miles away via winding, scenic Route 74-A, it had had its origins in 1900 when Dr. Lucius Morse, a physician from St. Louis in search of a better climate, had been entranced by its wall of stone and had envisioned a park incorporating it. Purchasing 64 acres of Chimney Rock Mountain two years later, he had taken the initial step toward that goal, but had elected to build an elevator inside it so that all could access its summit.
In 2007, the state of North Carolina had purchased the park from the Morse family, which had continued to own and administer it since its 1902 acquisition.
The 198-foot-long tunnel, leading from the parking lot to the elevator, had been created by blasting through 509-million-year-old rock designed "Henderson Gneiss," which had formed as magma deep within the earth and had crystallized as igneous rock called "granite." During the later formation of the Appalachian Mountains, it had metamorphosed into its present Gneiss form.
The 30-second elevator ride, which ascends 26 stories, could only be constructed after proper surveying had been conducted from its top and a 258-foot-high hoistway, requiring eight tons of dynamite and an 18-month construction period, had been drilled and blasted.
Completed on December 23, 1948, it had been North Carolina's tallest elevator at the time, and today still uses its original, 3,500-pound capacity, stainless steel car, which ascends at 500 feet-per-minute.
A wooden bridge, 258 feet above the parking lot and spanning a water-carved gully, connects the Sky Lounge and Gift Shop, terminus of the elevator, with Chimney Rock, whose views, afforded by its 2,280-foot elevation, encompass 75 miles over Hickory Nut Gorge.
A recent visit, on a slightly cloudy day, had revealed multiple shades of green velvet-appearing, wave-like mountains based by the silver, reflective surface of Lake Lure.
Five hiking trails, varying between a half to one-and-a-half miles, and between "easy" and "strenuous" in gauge, afford equally beautiful vistas.
Hickory Falls, 404 feet in length, had provided the site for the filming of "The Last of the Mohicans," "Firestarter," and "A Breed Apart."
Chimney Rock Park is a National Heritage Site.
3. Cherokee
Cherokee, located 50 miles from Asheville, can either serve as a day trip destination or an overnight location. An introduction to the highly developed Cherokee culture, it offers an opportunity for Las Vegas-style gaming and is the gateway to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
As a people, the Cherokee had called these southeastern mountains home for some 11,000 years and they are one of the few Native Americans to have continued to occupy their original territory, designated the "Qualla Boundary," a 100-square-mile sovereign nation. Several significant sights within this area enable the visitor to learn about their history, traditions, art, and culture.
The Museum of the Cherokee Indian, for instance—depicting its 11,000-year history—commences with their own beginning in the area's mountains, before detailing their struggle for early survival amidst harsh climate and huge, now-extinct animals, such as the mastodon. Their later, sedentary lifestyle, centered round agriculture, had enabled them to refine their culture and enjoy increased leisure time.
After the Europeans had arrived and claimed their land, the Eastern Band of Cherokees had been forcibly exiled to Oklahoma in 1838 in an historic movement known as the "Trail of Tears." Some, however, had been detoured and remained, ultimately preserving their customs and re-establishing the sovereign nation of today.
This culture can also be experienced in the nearby Oconaluftee Indian Village, which depicts mountain life in 1759. Amid the subtle, but ever-present wafts of smoke, traditionally dressed Cherokee demonstrate beadwork, pottery, finger weaving, basketry, weaponry, animal trapping, canoe burning, and wood and stone carving. A warrior house, waddle and daube houses, the village council house, and cabins from 1790 and 1800 surround the Village Square, where performances are periodically given.
The village is characteristic of the 64 towns spread over 40,000 square miles during this time.
A more extensive performance, entitled "Unto these Hills," takes place during the summer months at the outdoor Mountainside Theater, and portrays the European arrival and Trail of Tears chapters in its history. Since its July 1, 1950 debut, it has played continuously, during which time more than five million have experienced it.
Harrah's Cherokee Casino and Hotel, a 576-room complex in two, 15-story towers, thresholds the town and features 3,300 games in an 80,000-square-foot casino, five restaurants, and name entertainment in a 1,500-seat pavilion. It is adorned with the largest collection of Eastern Cherokee contemporary art.
4. Bryson City
Bryson City, located ten miles from Cherokee, is another mountainside community which serves as a gateway to the Great Smoky Mountains with their diverse, outdoor activities, including hiking, fishing, horseback riding, white water rafting, camping, and climbing.
Incorporated in 1887, and named after Colonel Thadeus Dillard Bryson, it is located on the Tucksagee River and had been linked to the outside world for the first time when the rail line between Asheville and Murphy had been completed. Along with the Nantahala and Little Tennessee Rivers, the Tucksagee River itself had formed nearby Fontana Lake, while the small town, with a population of 1,400, had been laid out in accordance with the ancient trails and roads of the Cherokee.
Its most major attraction is the Great Smoky Mountains Railroad. Tracing its origins to the Murphy Branch Line completed in 1891, it had been intended as the first leg of an eventual rail connection between Asheville and the Midwest; nevertheless, it had exposed the isolated North Carolina communities to the rest of the world for the first time, introducing hitherto unknown lifestyles and ideas to them.
During the 1900s, the railroad had operated up to ten daily trains from Alabama and Georgia to the western North Carolina Mountains and hauled materials, equipment, and workers instrumental in the construction of Fontana Dam.
After the line had been obviated by road travel, the Southern Railway had discontinued passenger service in 1948, and the Andrews-Murphy stretch had been altogether closed by Norfolk Southern in the 1980s.
The tracks, purchased by the state of North Carolina, had provided the foundation for the current Great Smoky Mountains Railroad intended for tourism and sightseeing purposes, after a group of investors had sketched out a plan for it in 1988. Engines and coaches had subsequently been acquired from several US rail lines and extensively refurbished.
In 1999, the Great Smoky Mountains Railroad had been purchased by American Heritage Railways, which operates sister lines in Colorado and Texas, and in 2007, the North Carolina branch had carried some 200,000 passengers.
All trains depart from the Bryson City depot. Of the two primary itineraries, the first is a 32-mile, eastbound, round-trip "Tucksagee River" excursion to Dillsboro, while the second is a 44-mile, westbound, round-trip "Nantahala Gorge" run, with price depending upon one of four car types: open car, coach, Crown Coach, or Club Car, the latter of which includes train attendant service, drinks, and snacks. There are also railroad and rafting packages, dinner trains, and several theme trips, depending upon season.
The Fryemont Inn, in wooded surroundings overlooking the town, is on the National Register of Historic Places and offers either overnight accommodations or an opportunity for excellent dining, even for non-guests.
Constructed in 1923, it features a bark-covered exterior; a rocking chair-lined, outdoor porch; a wooden lobby with a huge stone fireplace; chestnut-paneled guest rooms; and a dining room with a peaked, wooden roof supported by tree trunk beams, a second large fireplace, and polished, hardwood floors.
5. Great Smoky Mountains National Park
The Great Smoky Mountains National Park, receiving some ten million annual visitors, is the most popular park in America.
The Great Smoky Mountains themselves, formed almost a billion years ago, had been created when the ancient sea had flooded what is presently the eastern United States, submerging a mountain range. Sea-deposited layers, exerting progressively greater weight upon each other, ultimately compressed the material into metamorphic rock, while a secondary layer of limestone, itself comprised of fossilized marine animals and shells, provided an upper covering some 300 million years ago.
Fifty million years later, the collision between the North American and African continents resulted in tectonic plate shifting and the older, metamorphic rock tilted upward, sliding over the limestone and creating the Appalachian Mountains.
Massive boulders, the result of ice age freezing and thawing cycles, gradually appeared, while erosive, water sculpting forces shaped the mountain's rounded peaks over the millennia.
The area had first been populated when Paleolithic hunters and gatherers had crossed the frozen Bering Strait and then migrated down and across North America. A dissenting branch of the Iroquois Indians, later designated Cherokee, had arrived here from New England 11,000 years ago, and in 1540, Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto, ventured into the mountains, discovering a sophisticated Cherokee culture and religion. The Ulster-Scots, escaping repression in Belfast, Ireland, had also settled here because of the North Carolina Mountains' resemblance to the Scottish Highlands.
Rural life can be gleaned at the Oconaluftee Visitor Center, entrance to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Cherokee, and its adjacent Mountain Farm Museum, which had been created to preserve the cultural heritage of the Great Smoky Mountains at the turn of the 20th century.
Several original, relocated structures depict this era.
The Davis house, for instance, had been moved from the Indian Creek area, north of Bryson City. Completed in 1900 after a two-year construction period, it is made of split, chestnut logs and is divided into three rooms, including a living room with a fireplace and a piano and a kitchen with a hearth and a heavy block table.
The meathouse, relocated from Little Cataloochee, North Carolina, had always been positioned closest to the main house for convenience and security and preserved one of the most important food sources during this period. Although it could have theoretically housed several types of meat, pork, which had been standardly butchered during the autumn because of its characteristically lower temperatures, had been the predominant type and had usually been salted or smoked to protect it against bacteria and insects.
Chickens, stored in the chicken house, had provided both meat and eggs, and their feathers had been used for pillows and mattresses.
Apples, equally stored in earth and stone wall-insulated apple houses, had been a staple of rural, mountain farm diets and were eaten raw or used to make cider, vinegar, apple sauce, apple butter, and pies. Heartier winter apples had been stored in ground-level bins, while the more delicate summer variety had been stored above them.
Corn, the most important, multi-purpose crop, had been used for cornmeal, livestock feed (as leaves), kindling for fires (as cobs), and stuffing material for chairs, mattresses, and rugs (as shucks). The corncrib, the storage location, had protected it from weather and animals.
In the sorghum mill and furnace, sorghum cane had been converted to molasses, which had then been used for syrup and in cooking.
Hogs, the main source of meat on mountain farms, had also been formed the basis for lard and soup. Excess meat had been sold for profit.
The barn, the only structure original to the site, had housed livestock in the stable and feed, hoes, plows, and wagons in the loft above it.
The blacksmith shop, complete with a forge, an anvil, and a bellows, had been relocated here from Cades Cove, North Carolina, and had been used for ironwork forging and repair of existing tools.
The springhouse, purposefully located near a stream in order to provide a source of drinking water, had also protected food from animals, and cooled and preserved it by means of rock-line channels or elevated wooden troughs through which it had flowed.
The entrance to Great Smoky Mountains National Park is just beyond the Mountain Farm Museum. Established in 1934 to protect the remainder of the Appalachian Forest, which had been severely depleted due to fires and rampant logging, the park itself, covering 500,000 acres, had been the 21st in the national system and the first to have been assembled from private land. Sixty percent of it is located in North Carolina and 40 percent is located in Tennessee. It features 800 miles of hiking trails, 700 miles of rivers and streams, and 200,000 acres of virgin forest. Its lower section of the Appalachian Mountains, the oldest in the world, are characterized by densely-forested, curving peaks once described as "blue, like smoke" by the Cherokee.
The Appalachian Trail, which stretches 2,174 miles from Maine to Georgia, runs along the crest of the Smoky Mountains and marks the North Carolina-Tennessee state line. There are three visitor centers: Oconaluftee in the former state and Sugarlands and Cades Cove in the latter. US Route 441, alternatively designed "Newfound Gap Road," provides internal automobile access and crosses the Appalachian Trail midway through the park. The hiking trails, however, provide the best connection with nature and lead to 1,008 developed campsites and 100 primitive ones.
The park is comprised of five classifications of forest, depending upon elevation: "Spruce-Fir," "Northern Hardwood," "Cove Hardwood," "Hemlock," and "Pine-and-Oak." It contains 60 species of mammals, 200 of birds, and 1,500 flowering plants.
I had recorded the following observations during a recent, late-May drive through Great Smoky Mountains National Park:
Clouds, hovering lower than the mountain peaks and nestled in their valleys, seemed to sheath the green-carpeted facades before rising like smoke tendrils, as if the entire mountain had been smoldering. The winding, ascending road through Great Smoky Mountains National Park seemed mired in thin mist. The multiple peaks, standing one behind the other and assuming dark blue, gray, and forest green profiles, appeared like ever-unfolding waves frozen at their upward-cycle apogees. The dense trees, providing tunnel-like walls on either side of the road with their extended limbs, formed canopies where they met in mutual handshakes, exuding an artist's palette of greens: dark for fraser fir and light for oak–a green blur periodically interspersed by the brown shale rocks which appeared like vertical monoliths and from which these live tree sentinels grew, although I do not quite know how. Tiny trickles of water, gravity-induced downward over auburn and charcoal-hued rock and glinted by the afternoon sun, appeared like thin veins of liquid silver.
Atop Clingman's Dome, the highest peak in Great Smoky Mountains National Park at 6,643 feet, the air is thin and cool and the only view to be had is down, to the almost green-velvet facades of the rolling peaks, as if one had been rendered the high and exalted one of North Carolina and of all of the Appalachian Mountains which thread their way down the eastern portion of the United states. With this view comes the realization that the Rocky Mountains in the west, although higher, have a reflection in the Great Smoky Mountains in the east. And with this view comes the realization that it is not the relative size of the reflection, but that we reflect at all…
5. Conclusion
Western North Carolina's topographical diversity offers a rich travel experience encompassing the art deco city of Asheville and its opulent Biltmore Estate, the geological sculpture of Chimney Rock, the introduction to the highly-developed culture of the Cherokee, the beautiful vistas afforded by a journey with the Great Smoky Mountains Railroad, and the pristine, almost-ethereal experience of visiting Great Smoky Mountains National Park.


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it's my second day of using it. i don't know if it will work on my face because i had used the brilliant rejuvinating set and stopped it just yesterday coz i used this serum.my face is very sensitive. small pimples are coming out. my pores are open because the water here in middle east is hot. i really don't know what to do on my face. yesterday i don't have cystic pimples on my left jaw. but today i got two. i dont know why, i am using turmeric soap after that i will apply the serum coz i dont have a toner
Water, Butylene Glycol, Niacinamide, 1,2-Hexanediol, Snail Secretion Filtrate, C12-14 Pareth-12, C12-14 Pareth-7, Carbomer, Tromethamine, Dioscorea Japonica Root Extract, Trehalose, Ethylhexylglycerin, Beta-Glucan, Hydrolyzed Corn Starch, Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Oil, Allantoin, Adenosine, Disodium EDTA, Sucrose, Melaleuca Alternifolia (Tea Tree) Leaf Extract, Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract, Agrimonia Eupatoria Extract, Salvia Officinalis (Sage) Oil, Centella Asiatica Extract, Salvia Officinalis (Sage) Leaf Extract, Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract, Chamaecyparis Obtusa Leaf Extract, Silybum Marianum Seed Extract, Perilla Frutescens Leaf Extract, Sodium Chondroitin Sulfate, Broussonetia Kazinoki Root Extract, Propolis Extract, Artemisia Capillaris Extract, Cimicifuga Dahurica Root Extract, Salix Alba (Willow) Bark Extract, Pentylene Glycol, Madecassoside, Oenothera Biennis (Evening Primrose) Flower Extract, Asiaticoside, Asiatic Acid, Madecassic Acid, Phenoxyethanol


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Live updates
'At least seven children killed' in Damascus blast
A car bomb has killed at least 16 people in a southwest suburb of Damascus, activists and state media said. Witnesses said the majority of those killed were children.
The explosion occurred in a residential area for soldiers in Qatana, which is near several army bases, according to the head of the pro-opposition Syrian Observatory of Human Rights.
Official state media are blaming the Syrian opposition for the blast.
The deadly blast comes one day after Europe, the USA and allies attending the 'Friends of Syria' meeting in Marrakesh, agreed to officially recognise the newly organised opposition leadership, giving it a stamp of credibility.
Second car bomb caused deaths in Syria, watchdog says
The deaths of dozens of Syrian security men in apparent double suicide car bomb attacks were caused by the explosion on the second vehicle, an opposition watchdog said.
The first car drove into a military camp in Deraa and exploded, followed by the second vehicle, the UK-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said. The information office, which is opposed to the Assad-led Government, said that the detonation of the second vehicle caused the casualties.


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We have been working in the greater Montreal area since 2002 in renovations, specializing in kitchen and bathrooms, marble, granite, and tile. No tile project is too big or too small. We offer discounts on material from our suppliers or we can work in a material you have already chosen. We also install/modify pre-fab cabinets to fit read more...
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This has been, by far, the worst experience with a construction professional that I have ever had. Mr Boruta is unprofessional and irresponsible.
The work that needed to be done was constructing a new room upstairs and repair a ceiling in the bathroom downstairs, which had water damage. The work was never finished. Regrettably, and this is completely my fault for being so trusting and naive, I paid him for the full amount of the work $4300 before it was finished. He constantly made demands on me for more cash promising me that he would finish the work.
After the second day of work the house was full of chip rock dust because he failed to put up any plastic (which he said he would do) so the dust would not go downstairs. His response was that he did not know that there would be that much dust. I would think that a person of his many years of experience would have better judgment.
After 2 weeks of work he failed to show up numerous times, without even calling and when he did show up he was always late. The work was taking longer than expected and many mistakes were made and we were going over budget.
A new bed, elevated off the floor, had to be constructed for the new room. The actual mattress for the bed was a few feet away from him in another room. He did not take the few seconds to measure it and he constructed a new bed base several inches smaller than the mattress that I had. He claims he asked me if I had a twin bed and I said yes. So he measures his sons twin mattress at his home (35"x73") which was smaller than the twin bed I had (39"x75") which was on my premises. I accepted the mistake because it would have been too major a job to redo everything. Mr Boruta did not even agree to pay for the new mattress I had to buy which cost $150.
A new door frame had to be constructed in a wall. The door for it was right there on the premises. He called me one morning and asked me to measure the door frame because he was at reno depot making purchases. When I told him how large the doorframe was he swore, I imagine in fustration. He realized he did not make the frame to fit the door I already had. He had to buy a new door which he paid for himself.
At some point he told me that his father-in-law passed away. I was a little tired of his constant lateness and failures to show up and mistakes. I figured that his personal family crisis might be contributing to his poor workmanship that I should give him some time off to deal with his personal crisis. I had a conversation with him and told him that I was 80% satisfied with his work to which he apologized and thanked me for my honesty. Besides all the mistakes that I mentioned above everything else was satisfactorily done. He justified that the work was taking more time and was more expensive than he thought. But that is not my fault, as a professional he needed to take the responsibility to properly evaluate the work and accept his too conservative evaluation and respect his engagements to finish the work ON time and on budget. Being as generous as I was I gave him 2 months off to deal with his family crisis. There was max 2-3 days of work left, 75% was already done. He never answered my phone calls nor returned my messages asking him when he planned to finish the work.
I finally got a hold of him to remind him that he was contracted to finish the work June 17th an agreement I had him sign when I gave him the time off for his family crisis. He comes the 16th June to evaluate what needed to be done and do a bit of work. He promised me, THAT DAY, that he will come in the next day the 17th June WITH a helper to finish the work.
The 17th June he neither shows up not calls to tell me he cannot make it. When I left him a message telling him, rather insistently, that he needs to come in the next day the 18th June and finished the work he signed a contract to do he tells me that he does not like my attitude and he will not finish the work.
I am in the process of suing in small claims.
While some of the comments posted by Rodger may be in fact, a lot is misleading. It is true that I did not finish Rodgers project, after a series of vulgar emails and texts I informed him that he had made it impossible for me to continue working in his home due to the toxic enviorment he created. The first issue I have to address is the dust in the house which was an oversight on my part, what is failed to be mentioned in this is that when it was brought to my attention that day I immediately scheduled and paid for a complete cleaning of the house, which was completed to Rodgers satisfaction. The second thing I must address is starting late. It was requested that work did not begin before 9:00-9:30 to allow his children to get ready for school and prepare their day, which I agreed even though normal start time is 7:30-800. Some mornings I would service other clients and this was why I requested a key and was given on so Rodger did not have to revolve his day around mine. The third subject dealing with the bed issues a little of details are left out such as the bed was not raised off the floor as there was no floor the bed was constructed over an open stair case, with 2 Extra storage areas which were only discussed after construction began, which by trusting the client I failed to get in writing. When I asked Rodger if he had a twin sized mattress his response was not really and when he showed me what he had it was a couple of half made beds on the floor covered in toys, so what we agreed upon was for me to measure my sons bed at home and build accordingly. There was no mistake in this. The fourth issue is the door frame that was moved from one location in a load bearing wall to another, I did swear on the phone it was more that the new door couldn't fit in the new opening to not change the structure of the wall (support of the house) by removing more of the original framing. This was explained to Rodger, and yes I did offer and pay for a new door to cut back on his extra costs. Sadly we can not make everyone happy 100 percent of the time, but to say you are 80 percent happy with the work and then give a rating of 40 percent seems a bit malicious to me. This review I find could not be more different than the last review, and have to wonder if it's not personal.
Replacement Of Bathtub And Remodeling Of The Frame Around Bathtub, Creation Of New Wall, Replacement Of Toilet, New Tiling, And Replacement Of Door Box And Door
This was my first renovation project.
Mr. Boruta was very courteous indeed, as were the people that worked with him. We got along really well and there were no problems in communication. Usually, he contacted me before I had to contact him. The guys came in everyday in the morning and were never late. They worked in an efficient manner, accomplishing the daily task at hand which was pre-planned at the beginning of the project. In one day they demolished the old part of the bathroom and organized a garbage disposal the next morning. Mr. Boruta and his team were kind enough to purchase and deliver the materials needed for the renovation the next day. Every day the work began immediately upon arrival. The team was professional in taking precise measurements before starting the task at hand. This ensured that there were no unwanted gaps between the bathtub and the wall and the floor, and prevented lopsidedness. The tiling was done to my satisfaction. New piping was installed, new valves and a trap door for easy access in case of an emergency. The painting of the newly constructed wall was perfect. I believe that the price was fair, especially when compared to other renovator quotes. Each day, before leaving, the team cleaned up after themselves, so that the amenities of the bathroom could be used.
Small remarks: the caulking was a bit sloppy in a few places, a couple of the tiles were not perfect, the bathtub faucet was a bit shorter, than I would have liked, the project took one more day to complete, than anticipated, the door box was 5 days late (in part due to my absence), the new wall was not at a 90 degree angle at the very top (although it is unnoticeable).
All in all, I am very happy with the job done and my experience working with Mr. Boruta and his team.
NOTE for the photos: the tiling behind the bathtub was not part of the job, and was part of the old design of the people who lived before me.
Michael Boruta Enr. has a TrustScore™ of 1.7. The average TrustScore™ for other businesses providing similar services in Montreal and the surrounding areas is 2.9. For detailed information on how TrustScore is calculated, click here.
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TrustedPros does not validate certain information provided by contractors and vendors in conjunction with the creation or maintenance of their profile and we cannot endorse or guarantee the performance of any contractor. TrustScores are provided for informational purposes only. We urge you to use the TrustScore™ in conjunction with the tips provided in our Hiring Guide to maximize the probability of hiring the best professional for you project.
We have been working in the greater Montreal area since 2002 in renovations, specializing in kitchen and bathrooms, marble, granite, and tile. No tile project is too big or too small.
We offer discounts on material from our suppliers or we can work in a material you have already chosen. We also install/modify pre-fab cabinets to fit your project.
We can always be contacted at 514 821 8210 and look forward to hearing from you.
Starting in July 2014 we will also, working directly with the manufactures by importing and installing liquid wallpaper which is made of a blend of silk and cotton. Our product is available in hundreds of different colors to add a touch of class and stlye to any renovation project or it can be added to any existing wall surface. 100 percent natural, dust free, and no harmful vapors.
Please contact at 514-821-8210 to see what this finishing can do for your home.
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Check local laws pertaining to license requirements and verify license and insurance details provided by the contractor prior to hiring.


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Stereotypes. They sure suck.
These weighty, sinful and misleading generalization have been the bane of this nation's existence for centuries. Why? Because no matter the group of people in the cross hairs, there will always be a small – and extremely vocal and visible – minority that ruins it for everyone.
Take crime-impoverished cities (AKA "the ghetto") for example. These dilapidated areas are chock full of pioneering civic leaders who care about the people in the community and the places in it. However, there's that criminal element who thinks the city is their personal storefront for target practice and anarchy.
Thanks to those heinous dunderheads (most of them, under the age of 21), the ghetto remains the ghetto and people with any sort of sense avoid them at all costs.
Here's another one: Meet the "Rev." Joshua Sims of Double Rock Baptist Church. In, uh… Compton, California. (Sigh).
A Baptist minister was arrested this morning on charges of stealing more than $800,000 from the church he leads in Compton, officials said. The Rev. E. Joshua Sims, pastor of Double Rock Baptist Church in Compton, was taken into custody this morning at his home in Corona, said Steve Whitmore, spokesman for the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department. The arrest concludes a months-long investigation by sheriff's deputies, Whitmore said.
This travesty would be different if this sell-out was arrested on a whim because of a misinformed phone call. Alas, this was a "months-long" investigation… well, eight years actually. EIGHT YEARS!
A church in Compton no less is home to a pastor who suddenly encounters a trunk full of bling, which just happens to belong to a friggin' Bentley. Did I mention this was in Compton?!
And Josh here didn't think that would flare up on his tail like a vicious case of herpes? Classy, brother.
In a city of drugs, death and disenfranchisement more common that jobs, money and hope, you would think a church would strive to be the city on a hill and offer some well, hope to its people, he chooses the more saintly approach of his hands-on ministry by putting his hands in their back pockets looking for his latest fix.
What's next? Find a street named after a progenitor of the Civil Rights movement, get in a stolen car and start shooting up the place? Oh wait, that happens all the time in American every city on Martin Luther King Blvd. daily.
Well, thanks Josh for giving stereotype lovers and bigots everywhere something to relish. What took you eight years managed to bash Christians, minorities and the upstanding 'Boyz N The Hood' in troika-filled fatal swoop.


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7.75 cents of residential plot on east side of Kumaranasan Nagar on VV road about 1.8 kms from Kadavanthra Junction. Rajiv Gandhi Indoor stadium, Indira Gandhi Hospital and proposed Kadavanthra Metro station are all within 2 km from the property. The plot is also connects to Kathrikadavu and Vyttila Mobility hub is within 2 km.
Expected rate is Rs.16 lakhs per cent


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A Springfield, Ill., man has been fined and sentenced to community service after admitting he dug up and took from a Civil War battlefield several bones belonging to a soldier.
Coy Matthew Hamilton, 31, took the bones last year at Wilson's Creek National Battlefield near Springfield, authorities said Wednesday. A collector of Civil War artifacts riding a canoe down Wilson's Creek spotted a bone jutting from an eroded creek bank and stopped for an impromptu -- and illegal -- dig.
Hamilton on Tuesday took a deal to avoid federal prosecution, promising to pay $5,351 in restitution and perform 60 hours of community service. He'll work alongside National Park Service rangers at Wilson's Creek, site of the Aug. 10, 1861, battle -- a Confederate victory considered the first major engagement in the Civil War's western theater.
Hamilton couldn't be reached for comment. But Michelle Law, an assistant federal public defender who represented Hamilton, said he was eager to make things right.
"My client has every intention of following through with the agreement he's made with the federal government," she said.
Hamilton admitted to investigators that he found the remains while canoeing with a friend in February 2011.
Described in case documents as an "avid, self-taught amateur archaeologist who routinely spends his free time hunting for artifacts," Hamilton set out in the canoe after recent heavy rains, as he "knew from experience that this could reveal archaeological artifacts."
On the afternoon of Feb. 27, Hamilton and a companion spotted a bone sticking out of an embankment. "Hamilton excavated two femur bones and pieces of a pelvis," according to a report.
His companion urged him to stop, "but Hamilton's enthusiasm was too strong."
Several days later, Hamilton sent the bones, through an intermediary, to the National Park Service, which administers the battlefield.
Investigators soon figured out who he was.
Hamilton could have been prosecuted for violating the Archaeological Resources Protection Act, a federal law providing criminal penalties for excavating, damaging or removing any archaeological resources found on public or Indian lands without a permit.
He had found the remains in a location noted by historians for intense fighting during the battle.
Officials who later restored the embankment examined the skeletal remains, which they judged to be only 29 percent complete. Although they couldn't determine the sex of the individual, officials believed the bones belonged to a Confederate soldier who was at least 20 years old at death.
Investigators also recovered eight machine-tooled buttons next to the skeleton's ankles. These buttons were determined to have been manufactured between 1800 and 1865, and appeared to be attachments for instep tabs often used by mounted troops during that period.
Mounted, infantry and artillery units are thought to have been near where the remains were found, which was just north of a road crossing the creek, according to a report. Further, the shallow grave in which the bones were found "suggested an expedient but respectful interment, head to the west in concert with Christian practices of the time."
Historical information detailing the disposal of the battle's dead suggested that this individual was part of the Confederate forces killed during the battle and buried quickly thereafter.
Under federal law, Hamilton could have been subject to a prison sentence of up to two years and a fine of up to $20,000.
"It's a serious offense to disturb an archaeological site and to remove remains or artifacts," David M. Ketchmark, acting U.S. attorney for the Western District of Missouri, said in a statement Wednesday.
"We hope this incident will serve to educate the public about the laws that protect our priceless archaeological resources."
Across the country, battlefield visitors have rarely spotted Civil War soldiers' remains in recent decades.
In 1996, a tourist who happened to also be a National Park ranger found nearly intact remains of an unknown soldier at Railroad Cut, Pa., an area that experienced fierce fighting during the battle of Gettysburg. It marked the first time in nearly 60 years that Gettysburg remains had been found.
In 2008, a hiker from Oklahoma stumbled across a partial jawbone and other bone fragments, apparently unearthed by a burrowing groundhog, on the grounds of the Antietam National Battlefield in Maryland. The hiker immediately took the bones to Park Service officials. Experts later determined they belonged to an unknown but young Union soldier from New York.
Civil War scholars in the Kansas City area couldn't recall a similar episode.
Mike Calvert, president of the Civil War Round Table of Western Missouri, has heard anecdotal stories of possible trench graves or unmarked burial sites connected to Civil War actions near the Little Blue River in eastern Jackson County.
But he's never heard of any local incident like this.
"It definitely should not be done," Calvert said, referring to such scavenging. "Not just because it is a National Park Service site, but there is also such a thing as the consecrated dead.
"This man should have known better."


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