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A lot of times, it seems progressive Christians get caught between two sides each screaming pronouncements at each other.
On the one hand, there are the conservatives, with their line drawing and their hard-and-fast pronouncements: The Bible is inerrant! Evolution is a lie! You're probably going to hell!
On the other, there are the liberals, no less enamored with their own lines and declarations: The resurrection didn't happen! Jesus wasn't really divine!
Progressives share a lot in common with liberals – certainly more than conservatives – but are a little leery with the hollowing out of the faith that seems to occur over there, just as progressives are leery with the view of God that seems to govern the inflexible fundamentalism of the conservative camp.
So we sit in the middle, and when someone asks us a question, we tend to step aside.
"Well, that's not the right question …" or, "It depends how you look at it," or, "Each of us is going to have a different answer based on our own biases and experiences."
I find myself doing this quite a bit. A friend asked me a couple of weeks ago whether I thought Israel's exodus from Egypt – not an unimportant part of the Bible, as you may know – actually happened. And my answer began with something like, "Well, you never know for sure," or something like that. After all, anything can happen, right? Progressives may not be sure about miracles, but we're not really comfortable ruling them out definitively. Maybe the exodus did happen. Maybe hundreds of thousands of men, women and children spent 40 years in the fairly small space of the Sinai Peninsula and didn't leave a single archaeological trace of their presence. Who knows, right?
Here's the problem, though: The exodus didn't happen.
If any other purported event – i.e., one that wasn't recorded in the Bible – was supported by exactly zero evidence, and in fact contradicted by whatever evidence did exist, we would say it didn't happen. Now, there's nothing wrong with being sensitive to the faith and feelings of those who might not be ready to handle the significant lack of historical accuracy in much, if not all, of the Old Testament, but if you're here reading this, you're probably OK with handling some hard things, so let's talk about why the exodus didn't happen – and why that's not really a problem.
First, I cannot recommend highly enough The Bible Unearthed, by Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman (Free Press, 2001). Finkelstein is an archaeologist who heads up excavations at Megiddo, and Silberman is a scholar who has written several books about the intersection between faith and archaeology. So these guys know their stuff.
If you're interested in history, and you're interested in how archaeology fits with the Bible, you should read this book. It's clear, cogent and easy to read, and it moves the discussion well beyond 1970, where conservative apologists like Josh McDowell seem intent to leave it – not coincidentally, I'm sure, because 1970 is when the scholarly consensus that archaeology generally supported the Bible's historicity began to collapse. In fact, I'm not sure there's a better book to provide not only an overview of where biblical archaeology stands presently, but how that differs from where it stood 40 years ago.
Chapter 2 is titled simply, "Did the Exodus Happen?" and this is what it says: "No."
OK, it says a little more than that.
Finkelstein and Silberman certainly are not hostile to the biblical text, regardless of how they may feel about the notion of divine inspiration. They are not afraid to point out that the Old Testament does indeed contain many descriptions that seem to comport well with what we know of life in the Ancient Near East at the time.
The problem, they note, is that such descriptions apply to wide swaths of time. So just because the pastoral setting of the patriarchs seems accurate doesn't mean the author had to have lived in 2000 B.C.E. Likewise, there is plenty of evidence for semitic tribes journeying from Canaan to Egypt, where some became rulers and others slaves – just as the Bible describes Jacob's family doing, with Joseph becoming a ruler and his descendants becoming slaves. But, Finkelstein and Silberman argue, that's because this happened all the time.
The basic situation described in the Exodus saga – the phenomenon of immigrants coming down to Egypt from Canaan and settling in the eastern border regions of the [Nile] delta – is abundantly verified in the archaeological finds and historical texts. From earliest recorded times throughout antiquity, Egypt beckoned as a place of shelter and security for the people of Canaan at times when drought, famine or warfare made life unbearable or even difficult (52).
This isn't surprising. Canaan receives rain only at specific times of the year, and if it fails to fall, as often happens, famine becomes a big problem. By contrast, Egypt was watered by the constant flow of one of the world's biggest rivers and was therefore a little more stable in its ability to provide food. As immigrants moved there, some became powerful and others less so, even being conscripted into forced labor for the ruling class. "The demographic patterns along the eastern delta," Finkelstein and Silberman write, "of Asiatic people immigrating to Egypt to be conscripted to forced work in the delta … reflect the age-old rhythms in the region, including later centuries," long after the Exodus is supposed to have occurred, but perhaps closer to when the story would have been written (54).
So many of those who argue for archaeological support of the exodus point to the Hyksos, a group of Canaanites who emigrated to Egypt, rose to prominence then were driven away by the Egyptians around 1570 B.C.E. The problem is that date doesn't work with biblical chronology, based on 1 Kings 6:1, which places construction of the temple at 480 years after the exodus and requires a date somewhere around 1440, 130 years after the Hyksos were expelled. Further, the biblical description of the Israelites building the city of Raamses requires an even later date because the first Raamses did not become pharaoh until 1320. If we metaphorize the biblical timeline, that problem goes away, and Finkelstein and Silberman argue most scholars see the Raamses reference as the more reliable date. But that puts the exodus even further away from the Hyksos – 250 years later.
No problem though, because archaeology backs up this timing in several respects: The city of Pi-Ramesses was built around 1250, and the first mention of ancient Israel comes from a stele dated to around 1200, describing the conquest of Canaan by Pharaoh Merneptah. That's also around the time archaeology finds the first Israelite settlements in Canaan, so an exodus sometime in the mid to late 13th century B.C.E. seems to work out.
Except it doesn't. Because no Egyptian source mentions the Israelites at all before the Merneptah stele – certainly no reference to an Israelite governor like Joseph. Further, after the expulsion of the Hyksos, Egypt stopped letting so many Canaanites across their borders and built a series of forts along the eastern frontier. "The border between Canaan and Egypt was thus closely controlled," the scholars write. "If a great mass of fleeing Israelites had passed through the border fortifications of the pharaonic regime, a record should exist (59)." It doesn't, despite "abundant Egyptian sources" from the period in question.
But Finkelstein and Silberman do more than argue from the silence of the archaeological record. There's the problem of geography: At the time of the exodus, Egypt was so powerful its empire extended much farther east than simply the Nile delta. Although the Bible gives the impression that once the Israelites had safely crossed the Sea of Reeds, they were beyond the reach of the anonymous pharaoh's decimated armies, this isn't true. Egypt controlled the Sinai Peninsula – and patrolled Canaan itself, as far north and east as the Euphrates River in Syria.
In other words, the exodus wouldn't have been from Egypt into Canaan, it would have been from Egypt into Egypt, and the Israelites would have crossed the Jordan to find themselves battling Egyptian, not Canaanite, armies stationed in the eastern reaches of the massive empire.
Archaeology also poses problem for the 40 years of wandering in the Sinai Desert. Again, there's the silence of the record; could so many people have wandered 40 years without leaving a trace? "Not even a single sherd, no structure, not a single house, no trace of an ancient encampment."
One may argue that a relatively small band of wandering Israelites cannot be expected to leave material remains behind. But modern archaeological techniques are quite capable of tracing even the meager remains of hunter-gatherers and pastoral nomads all over the world. Indeed, the archaeological record from the Sinai peninsula discloses evidence for pastoral activity in such eras as the third millennium B.C.E. and the Hellenistic and Byzantine periods. There is simply no such evidence at the supposed time of the Exodus in the thirteenth century B.C.E. (63)
Then there's this kicker: In the specific places where the Bible discusses Israelite encampments – Kadesh-barnea, where Israel stayed for 38 years, according to Numbers 34, and Ezion-geber on the Gulf of Aqaba – there is not only no evidence from the 13th century, there is evidence from a different time period: the seventh century. "All the major places that play a role in the wandering of the Israelites were inhabited in the seventh century; in some cases they were occupied only at that time" (67).
That includes Edom, Ammon and Moab. The exodus story describes these nations as trying to stop Israel from getting to Canaan. Yet these areas were essentially uninhabited in the 13th century. They were full-fledged nation-states – and enemies of Israel, at that – in the seventh.
What happened in the seventh century, the 600s, B.C.E.? King Josiah was on the throne, the "Book of the Law" had been discovered in the temple and the kingdom of Judah was undergoing a religious revival that included the establishment of monotheistic worship to Yahweh for the first time. At the same time, Egypt was resurgent with the collapse of the Assyrian Empire, and the nations were in conflict (Pharaoh Necho eventually kills Josiah, as 2 Kings and 2 Chronicles record).
No doubt, the notion of a great flight from Egypt did not spring from nowhere during the reign of King Josiah. Either the Hyksos expulsion or some other event carried down through the memories of Canaanite clans who perhaps included descendants of those semites who had escaped Egypt. Finkelstein and Silberman point out clear biblical references to the exodus in works that predate the seventh century, such as Amos and Hosea.
These stories of Canaanite colonists established in Egypt, reaching dominance in the delta and then being forced to return to their homeland could have served as a focus of solidarity and resistance as the Egyptian control over Canaan grew tighter in the Late Bronze Age. (69)
As the Canaanite tribes evolved into the nation of Israel, constantly besieged by great empires seeking their land, the notion of divine deliverance from powerful enemies would have become vitally important to their sense of national identity.
The great saga of a new beginning and a second chance must have resonated in the consciousness of the seventh century's readers, reminding them of their own difficulties and giving them hope for the future. (70)
So what are we to make of this story, which is by any objective standard not historically accurate? Throw it out?
No. The point of the exodus story was never to simply recite historical facts. Its power has never existed in its reality, but in what it reveals about the nature of God – the single Yahweh who the seventh-century authors and editors were discovering and rediscovering.
The God of the Exodus is the defender of the powerless who acts to rescue his people from the chains of slavery and deliver them to a restored paradise in communion with him forever. That is no less true – and never has been. But I think it's easier to forget that when we become focused on defending the story's historicity rather than paying attention to what it's actually saying.
The saga of Israel's Exodus from Egypt is neither historical truth nor literary fiction. It is a powerful expression of memory and hope born in a world in the midst of change. … To pin this biblical image down to a single date is to betray the story's deepest meaning. Passover proves to be not a single event but a continuing experience of national resistance against the powers that be. (70-71)
And a reaffirmation every year that in the struggle between the powerful and the powerless, God is not neutral. He cares deeply about all of his children and in the end will rescue all of them from the powerful forces that hold this world in chains.


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subset: commoncrawl


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All materials are preshrunk prior to construction of the item to ensure the integrity of our work. Pattern placement may vary from the photo.
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marți, 14 mai 2013
3 comentarii:
Ineffable beauty! The dandelions will scatter with the wind or the happy blowing of the little girl… but childhood will remain, even when the little girl is a grandmother herself.RăspundețiȘtergere
Dear Vlad Dumitrescu, I'm asking you again the permission to use your photographs in a presentation / video. I'm using (again) a song by Rui Veloso and Carlos Tê («Sei de uma Camponesa» / «I Know Of a Peasant Woman»). It's a modest tribute to the extraordinary people you portray and your photography. I still didn't post that answer that you gave to my question about portraying people. I wanted to make this presentation first. If you allow me (again), probably, I'll post everything next week. Thank you for everything.
Thank you very much!RăspundețiȘtergere
São, I am really - really happy to know that you like my work! You can use what images you like! Thank you!


text:
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text: Binyamin Netanyahu, the Israeli prime minister, addresses the UN General Assembly holding what he said were Nazi plans for the Auschwitz concentration camp [GALLO/GETTY] The first speech by Barack Obama, the US president, to the UN General Assembly reflects his profound awareness of the problems and deep anxieties felt by many around the world. It is with such expressions of genuine empathy that the US president promised to empower the UN and, more importantly, uphold international law as the incubator of solutions which blend peace with justice. But how Obama will apply this re-energised US commitment to the declared objective of a two-state solution for Israel and Palestine remains unclear. Obama outlined his vision: "Two states living side-by-side in peace and security - a Jewish state of Israel with true security for all Israelis; and a viable, independent Palestinian state with contiguous territory that ends the occupation that began in 1967 and realises the potential of the Palestinian people." This statement encapsulates the objectives that the US president hopes to achieve. It is definitely a recognition that settlements are what the UN has repeatedly declared them to be - illegal. Settlement proliferation in depth Netanyahu outmanoeuvres Obama? Netanyahu 'speaks like a conqueror' Wanted: Middle East statesmen Settlements strain US-Israel ties US Jews and Israelis split on Obama Arab media judge Mitchell tour The question that remains, however, is why all Israeli governments since 1967 pursued a policy of proliferating settlements, built the "separation wall" inside the occupied West Bank (declared illegal by the International Court of Justice), and built a network of roads exclusively for Jewish settlements. All this is in addition to the continued, creeping annexation of occupied East Jerusalem. The answer is that Israel since June 5, 1967 never - yes, never - acknowledged that it existed as an occupying power in the West Bank, Gaza, and East Jerusalem; instead, it has thus acted as a claimant of these territories as part of Israel. It is this position which explains Israel's ongoing policy of creating new facts on the ground and seeking to force both the member states of the United Nations and the Palestinian people to accept a fait accompli. Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu's repeated emphasis that settlements "should be left to the final phase of the negotiations" is explained by the fact that Israel does not view itself as an occupier. Furthermore in his "blitz" on US TV channels, the Israeli prime minister emphasised that negotiations would not start until the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) recognised Israel not only as a Jewish state but also a nation-state for the Jews. Such a move would in turn render the Right of Return for more than a million Palestinian refugees totally inoperative, and the Israeli "Law of Return" disenfranchises further the Arab citizens of Israel. Netanyahu's conditions would be a de facto continuing of the institutional discrimination against Arabs Netanyahu's gambit Maksoud says Netanyahu, left, pressured Obama during interviews on US networks [AFP] Netanyahu's US media blitz was intended and continues to blunt the limited demand of the US president to freeze settlements. But it was also designed to force Obama into a situation where he felt compelled during his UN speech to state and emphasise that the US "does not accept the legitimacy of continued Israeli settlements". It is my view that the US should also insist that Israel acknowledge its status as an occupying power. Until such a time that Israel admits its status as an occupier, the "road map" becomes a road without a map. This in turn renders meaningless the aim of the two-state solution envisaged by Obama and by the 2002 Arab League Summit plan endorsed in Beirut. But Obama may have also erred when he called on Palestinians "to end incitement against Israel," because he is thereby ignoring the fact that resistance to occupation is a recognised and legal right. The Palestinians have always prioritised civil disobedience, popular demonstrations and resorting to world public opinion, seeking UN support and a global commitment to the Palestinian national and human rights. But these options have been tried several times and rendered inconsequential by US vetoes. Confronting a conqueror It became clear to the Palestinians that they were not resisting an occupation, but confronting a conqueror with the power to annex, to suppress, to render the concept of a Palestinian state devoid of any aspect or manifestation of sovereignty. This realisation led to a sense of collective Palestinian humiliation. As an African-American, Obama understands the voices of the humiliated, frustrated and almost hopeless communities in his country. The civil rights movement, thankfully, resolved many of these frustrations and did away with the humiliations. However, these remain unresolved in Palestine and many parts of the world. Obama's opening to possible dialogue is an opportunity for the Arabs to unite, so their narrative becomes coherent and persuading world opinion that the justice of their cause and the legitimacy of their aspirations and rights becomes a human act of moral engagement. Clovis Maksoud served as the chief representative of the Arab League in the United States and the United Nations until 1990. He is currently the director of the American University Center for Global South. The views expressed in this article are the author's own and do not necessarily reflect Al Jazeera's editorial policy. SOURCE: Al Jazeera Politics US & Canada Israel Palestine United States


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While I've enjoyed No-Li's brews many times before, I hadn't noticed this one at all until fellow reviewer Derek Mesford showed up at my door with a bottle. I've only had one barrel-aged imperial IPA before, and that was Founders Brewing's incredible Doom, so this beer has some stiff competition to live up to.
Damon Scott, Brewery Operations Manager for No-Li, describes Defacto as "essentially a blend of Dry Fly Wheat Whiskey and Triticale Whiskey barrel-aged Wrecking Ball Imperial Stout and Jet Star Imperial IPA." That statement contains quite a few words that make my mouth water, so let's get into the review!


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Positive Traits:
CuriousLoveableQuiet overallLoves be outsideMostly been inside cat only on a screen porchFree of Fleas - Never had one.
Negative Traits:
Not declawedchew small cordsdrink out of the faucet (She started that when I had turn the water on last winter so the pipes wouldn't freeze.She doesn't get along with other animals. She needs a home where it just her. She is a very curious cat.
The following items come with the cat: Cat Tree, Litter Box, Food Dishes, Animal carrier. I have various supplies that are new which you a welcome to have as well.
I am finding her a home due to fact that my schedule is becoming more hetic don't want her to spend time a home alone.
She is free to a good home.
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Dermatologist Erno Laszlo mastered a bespoke skincare philosophy that became popular with European women and Hollywood celebrities. Carrying this legacy forward, the Erno Laszlo line offers a wide range of skincare, cosmetics, and treatments infused with exceptional scientific formulas. The brand's collection features an assortment of products ranging from its limited-edition Jet Setter collection to masks, moisturizers, serums, and more. Be it skin-brightening and hydrating face-masks or Phelityl cleansing bar soaps which help maintain the fatty acid levels essential for healthy skin, the brand's products are suitable for any skincare regimen. Browse through a fine collection of Erno Laszlo cosmetics available at Neiman Marcus.


text:
Colorado's new executive director of corrections on Friday told legislators he is creating a new parole system that will start preparing prisoners for release before they hit the streets and will reduce high recidivism rates.
But Rick Raemisch said his vision of a parole system that succeeds in steering parolees toward success and away from a life of crime is nowhere near a reality today.
He issued a sobering assessment of the current state of parole operations, saying it lacks accountability and struggles with a culture resistant to improvement and change.
"Unfortunately, parole is sort of a dumping ground right now," Raemisch said of the attitude of how offenders are handled in Colorado. "It's, 'Here you go. You fix the problem.' "
The new corrections chief said the system will better identify traits that are likely to drive parolees to commit new crimes, and help them resolve those issues. That work will start well before prisoners are released, he said.
In an investigative series this week, The Denver Post found that Colorado parolees have committed new crimes, used drugs and disappeared for months without getting sent back to prison. The newspaper uncovered 29 murder cases since 2002 in which parolees violated conditions of their release or committed a crime and were allowed to remain free.
The Post also found that more than 100 prisoners were released straight from solitary confinement to parole in the past year, and that the number of offenders placed on intensive supervision declined 35 percent in the past three years.
Raemisch told legislators Friday he will overhaul the services that prisoners receive before their release on parole and will ensure there is a seamless handoff from prison to parole officers.
Currently, parolees don't get their first assessment of how dangerous they are and how to minimize their risk level until as long as 30 days after they are released, Raemisch said. Even that standard, which Raemisch said he believes isn't adequate, isn't being met. More than 800 parolees haven't had those assessments conducted after 30 days, according to recent data released by corrections officials.
Raemisch gave his remarks on the second day of legislative hearings on the parole system by the joint Judiciary Committee. State Rep. Daniel Kagan, D-Cherry Hills Village, said the hearings were held to probe problems with intensive supervision parole.
The legislature decided to hold the hearings in the wake of the slaying of former corrections chief Tom Clements in March, allegedly by a parolee who had torn off his electronic monitoring bracelet. The hearings also follow an audit by the National Institute of Corrections, an agency of the U.S. Justice Department, that identified shortcomings.
Colorado's recidivism rates among parolees are among the highest in the country.
House Minority Leader Mark Waller, R-Colorado Springs, asked Steve Hager, the interim director of parole, during Friday's hearing whether he knew if parole officers were meeting new standards that require them to respond within two hours if a parolee breaks an electronic monitoring strap.
Hager told Waller he believed parole officers were complying with the new standard but also admitted he had no solid statistics. Hager, who became interim director of parole in June, told Waller he recently learned of deficiencies in the system tracking whether parole officers are meeting their required standards for contacting parolees.
Raemisch told legislators on Friday that Colorado lacks a coordinated system that identifies weaknesses when prisoners enter prison and steers them toward rehabilitative services that continue through to parole. He said that in some cases, as many as three-fourths of inmates participating in educational services drop out before completion, primarily because prisoners are moved to other prisons.
"These movements are not coordinated with our programs," Raemisch said. "That's a problem. It can be fixed, and it will be fixed."
When he was head of corrections in Wisconsin, Raemisch said, he bolstered the number of prisoners who received identification cards before their release from prison. He said he would work on other common-sense reforms in Colorado. One key issue he said he would address is the release of prisoners directly from solitary confinement to parole — a practice he said was risky and dangerous.
Parolees no longer will come off intensive supervision for budgetary reasons, as has happened in the past, Raemisch said. He has ordered a review of all policies on intensive supervision as well as all parole and prison regulations and policies.
Several legislators welcomed his remarks but added that they also feared Colorado's parole system has a long way to go.
State Rep. Polly Lawrence, R-Douglas County, said The Denver Post had recently revealed that 45 percent of the state's parole officers had not yet received even one of their eight annual required casework audits for 2013.
"The follow-up isn't being done now," Lawrence said. "There is no evidence these great ideas are being implemented and followed."
Christopher N. Osher: 303-954-1747, email@example.com or twitter.com/chrisosher


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Samsung's chic new slim slider is apparently designed as fashion phone for the ladies and is even being called the Miniskirt phone. It's a mere 103.3X49.3X10.9mm and it weighs 81g.
The C220 has a 2.2-inch display sporting a 240×320 pixel resolution with 262K colors. The body is made of a shiny reflective surface and is equipped with a 2 megapixel camera and a built-in GPS that can display real-time traffic information. The phone is also said to have MP3 playback as well as Bluetooth with A2DP capabilities. It'll be available in a choice of colors viz. white, red or blue.
As of now the C220 available in Korea and priced at around Rs. 26,416 ($650). So you'll have to consider it more of a fashion statement.


text: Hyperloop is the first new major mode of transportation in 100 years. It's designed to be safe, energy efficient, and reliable. It will take you directly to your destination at speeds of up to 700 mph, above land or underground. Want to know more? Here are answers to our frequently asked questions.


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Over several blog posts, Tim has presented performance results on large data sets of TokuMX, our MongoDB product with fractal tree indexes integrated, side by side with MongoDB. Results look good. We've shown improved throughput numbers on a sysbench benchmark, faster load times, and high compression.
So what is TokuMX, and how does it achieve this performance?
TokuMX has replaced ALL of the storage code in MongoDB with fractal trees. Every collection, every secondary index, every metadata collection is stored with fractal trees, the same technology that implements the TokuDB storage engine for MySQL. That is, all data is stored and managed with our transactional, ACID and MVCC-compliant, write-optimized storage library.
TokuMX achieves high compression for the same reason TokuDB for MySQL does: fractal trees compress really well by ensuring they compress data in large chunks. TokuMX achieves high insertion rates on index-rich collections for the same reason TokuDB for MySQL performs so well on iiBench, fractal trees are a write-optimized data structure designed to maintain insertion performance on larger than memory workloads. TokuMX does not require constant compaction for the same reason that TokuDB for MySQL does not require users to constantly run "optimize table" to reorganize data, fractal trees don't fragment. MongoDB and MySQL are very different products with very different user experiences, but the underlying data structure of their storage is the same: the B-Tree. Fractal trees are better.
By completely replacing MongoDB's storage code with our storage code, we are able to change the concurrency of the system. In MongoDB, updates, inserts, and deletes require database level write locks. Because in TokuMX we own all the storage, and our storage system is transactional and supports document-level locking (or row-level locking for those familiar with MySQL), TokuMX does not require these database level write locks. Instead, we can grab read locks (we need something to prevent concurrent file operations), similar to the MDL locking that MySQL uses. This work is a big reason for the improved sysbench numbers presented earlier.
TokuMX is something we have been working on for quite some time, and we are excited about the benefits it will bring (and I couldn't even get to multi-statement transactions and clustering indexes, that will be another blog). And we have only scratched the surface. The source code, if anyone is interested, is here.
We would love for people to try it out and give feedback. To try the release candidate for TokuMX:
- Email Tokutek
- Phone +22.214.171.12400


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United States District Court, D. New Hampshire
February 3, 2017
Kenneth Barrettv.Badger Ladder, LLC and Michigan Ladder Co., LLC Opinion No. 2017 DNH 022P
N. Laplante United States District Judge.
Kenneth Barrett has brought negligence and product liability
claims against defendant Michigan Ladder Company seeking
damages for injuries he sustained when an articulating
ladder[1] designed and distributed by the defendant
(the "Climb Pro ladder") collapsed under
It did so, Barrett contends, because the ladder's hinges
were not locked, despite having given off visual, audial, and
physical indications of being locked (a "false
lock"). Before the court are the parties' several
motions in limine seeking to exclude a variety of evidence
and areas of inquiry from the upcoming trial. The court
addresses each motion in turn.
court reminds the parties that the rulings herein are made
without prejudice to revisiting particular issues in response
to circumstances that might arise during trial. Furthermore,
these rulings are limited to grounds argued in the
parties' filings and raised at the final pretrial
conference. The court reserves the right to assess other
factors at trial, such as authenticity, hearsay, and best
evidence, see Fed.R.Evid. 800 et seq., 900 et seq., and 1000
et seq., and where appropriate, arguments and grounds not
raised by counsel.
Motions in limine
Krause articulated ladders[3]
Ladder moves to exclude evidence and testimony concerning
articulated ladders designed by Krause, the originator of the
Climb Pro ladder, on prejudice grounds. See Fed.R.Evid. 403
("The court may exclude relevant evidence if its
probative value is substantially outweighed by a danger of,
" inter alia, "unfair prejudice, confusing the
issues, [or] misleading the jury."). Michigan Ladder
contends that allowing the plaintiff to present evidence
about or discuss the Krause ladders, including reference to
Krause's recall of certain of its ladders in 1998, would
prejudice Michigan Ladder because the "Climb Pro ladder
is not based on the Krause design."[4]Concluding that
the plaintiff may be able to establish a connection between
the Climb Pro ladder and the Krause ladder design such that
evidence concerning Krause ladders would not unfairly
prejudice the defendant or confuse the jury, the court denies
the defendant's motion.
pre-trial ruling is subject to two important caveats. First,
it hinges on the plaintiff's introduction of evidence
sufficient to connect the Krause ladders' design to that
of the defendant's Climb Pro ladder as discussed below.
Should plaintiff fail to establish such a connection, see
Fed.R.Evid. 104(b), the court will reevaluate this decision.
Second, and to be clear, this is not a ruling that all
evidence concerning Krause ladders is admissible; rather, the
court merely declines to exclude that broad category of
evidence wholesale on the basis of defendant's Rule 403
As best
the court can make out, [5] the plaintiff's evidence will
demonstrate that Krause ladders were a predecessor in design
and manufacture to defendant's Climb Pro ladders. Krause
designed, manufactured, and sold at least one model of
articulated ladder. In 1998, Krause recalled certain of its
articulated ladders because the hinges of those ladders could
spontaneously unlock during use, causing the ladder to
collapse. Krause revised the design of the hinge to address
this problem, then subsequently sold the ladder design and
manufacturing rights to Climb Tek, Inc. It is unclear whether
or to what extent Climb Tek altered the ladder's design
or manufacture before conveying those same rights to Michigan
Ladder in or around 2009.[6] According to its president and owner,
Thomas Harrison, Michigan Ladder altered the design of the
Krause/Climb Tek ladder in at least two respects unrelated to
its hinges, and then began manufacturing and selling its
ladder under the designation "Climb
connection, if the plaintiff can introduce evidence and
testimony at trial to draw it, suffices to raise the
inference of a relationship between the design of the
defendant's ladders and the design of the Krause ladder
-- and, more specifically, between the design of the hinges
on both ladders. Michigan Ladder has offered no evidence in
rebuttal. Specifically, Michigan Ladder has not identified
any alterations that Climb Tek made to the hinges during the
period that it held the design and manufacture rights to the
Krause ladder, and has identified only two alterations that
Michigan Ladder made to the Climb Tek ladder. Neither of the
defendant's alterations -- a change in how the release
rod worked and adding an additional stabilizer bar --
affected the hinges.[8] Accordingly, defendant's motion to
exclude any and all reference to the Krause ladder is denied,
contingent upon plaintiff eliciting evidence to establish
this connection. See Fed. R. Evid. 104(b).
court turns next to the defendant's more specific request
that it exclude any reference to Krause's 1998 recall of
certain of its ladders. According to the defendant, Krause
recalled its ladders "because of a problem with the
coating on the bolt of the hinges that allowed it to slip out
when it was locked."[9] The parties agreed at the final
pretrial conference that this issue -- wherein the hinges,
having been locked, spontaneously unlock -- is unrelated to
that which allegedly caused the plaintiff's accident,
wherein the hinges never locked, despite purportedly giving
indications to the contrary. The defendant argues, therefore,
that evidence of the recall is unfairly prejudicial. See
Fed. R. Evid. 403.
counters that the recall of the Krause ladders put Michigan
Ladder on notice of potential defects in the Krause
ladder's hinge design. Given such notice, he argues,
Michigan Ladder had a duty to review the design of the hinge
mechanism --which, Barrett contends, and the evidence appears
to suggest, the defendant did not. To the extent that Barrett
seeks to introduce the fact of the recall to establish notice
to the defendant of potential defects, the probative value of
the evidence outweighs the risk of unfair prejudice, see
Fed.R.Evid. 403, and the court will allow it.
these reasons, the court denies the defendant's motion in
limine to exclude evidence concerning the Krause ladders.
This ruling is conditional on the plaintiff's ability to
introduce evidence and elicit testimony establishing a
connection between the Krause ladders' hinges and the
Climb Pro ladder's hinges as discussed supra.
Defendant's notice of false lock problems in
Krause ladders[10]
seeks to introduce evidence that Michigan Ladder knew or
should have known about the false lock issue, which allegedly
caused his Climb Pro ladder to collapse. Presuming such
knowledge (actual or imputed), he contends that the defendant
had a duty to warn its users of this issue, and also to
review the hinge design and manufacture to address the
problem. He proposes two categories of evidence supporting
this theory: (1) other "ladder accidents involving the
failure of the hinges to lock when they seemingly click into
place and where there is a claim of excessive joint stiffness
that contributed to an accident, "[11] and (2)
drafts of a report by the Consumer Product Safety Commission
(CPSC) prepared in connection with the Krause ladder recall,
which noted the false lock problem that allegedly caused
Barrett's accident.[12]
court grants this motion as to the draft report and certain
of the other ladder accidents, as detailed below, based on
the information provided to the court during this pre-trial
stage. Also as detailed below, the court may revisit this
ruling at trial based on the manner in which the plaintiff
attempts to introduce the evidence and the plaintiff's
proffer of appropriate foundation.
Krause ladder accidents
has collected information regarding or generated during five
cases wherein a Krause ladder purportedly experienced the
same false lock issue that Barrett alleges caused his
accident.[13] Michigan Ladder has moved to exclude
this evidence as irrelevant and unduly prejudicial. See
Fed.R.Evid. 401-403. The court grants this motion in part and
denies it in part. This ruling hinges, however, on the
plaintiff's ability to establish the similarity between
the Krause ladder's hinges and those in the
defendant's Climb Pro ladder, as discussed supra Part
II.A. Should Barrett fail to make that fundamental
preliminary showing, see Fed.R.Evid. 104(b), the similarity
between plaintiff's accident and any involving the Krause
ladders will be substantially undermined, and the court will
revisit this determination.
of prior accidents concerning the same product may be
admissible to show the defendant's knowledge of those
accidents (which is relevant to at least its duty to warn
users of its product), as well as to establish the existence
of the complained-of defect, causation, and negligent design.
Cf. McKinnon v. Skil Corp., 638 F.2d 270, 277 (1st
Cir. 1981). Admissibility of that evidence for those purposes
depends on a showing that the "the accidents occurred
under circumstances substantially similar to those at issue
in the case at bar." Moulton v. Rival Co., 116
F.3d 22, 26-27 (1st Cir. 1997) (quoting McKinnon,
638 F.2d at 277). "Substantial similarity is 'a
function of the theory of the case' and, therefore, does
not require that the circumstances surrounding the other
accidents be identical." Pukt v. Nexgrill Indus.,
Inc., 2016 DNH 157, 3 (quoting Moulton, 116
F.3d at 27).
offered to show "notice or awareness of a dangerous
condition, " however, the requirement of substantially
similar circumstances "is relaxed. In such
circumstances, 'a lack of exact similarity . . . will
not cause exclusion provided the accident was of a kind which
should have served to warn the defendant.'"
Pukt, 2016 DNH 157, 3-4 (quoting Bado-Santana v.
Ford Motor Co., 482 F.Supp.2d 197, 200 (D.P.R. 2007)).
However, the plaintiff must be prepared to establish a
foundation for the evidence, including "a showing that
the evidence related to substantially similar products . . .
and a showing that the defendant would have been aware of
other accidents." Serna v. Olde Jackson Vill.,
Inc., 2015 DNH 159, 4-5 (DiClerico J.) (citing
Forest v. Beloit Corp., 424 F.3d 344 (3d Cir.
2005)). Though the court in Serna addressed itself
to the foundation necessary for admission of evidence of lack
of prior accidents, the same foundational considerations are
relevant to the admissibility of evidence of other accidents
in this case.
as "[t]he party offering the evidence[, ] bears the
burden of showing that it is admissible."
McKinnon, 638 F.2d at 277. Upon the court's
verbal order at the final pretrial conference, plaintiff
filed a list of "other accidents" that he would
seek to introduce at trial for this purpose.[14] He cites five
lawsuits in which a plaintiff testified in deposition or an
expert opined that the Krause ladder suffered from the false
locking problem and, more specifically, that one or more
users of Krause ladders heard the hinges click even though
the hinges were not fully locked.
information contained in this filing alone does not permit
the court to determine whether Barrett has made the requisite
foundational showings. If the lawsuits cited by Barrett
involve a claim or finding of substantially the same defect
(the false locking condition) in substantially the same
product (the Krause ladder) the plaintiff may well satisfy
this burden. Accordingly, if the plaintiff seeks to introduce
this evidence affirmatively, he should be prepared to lay the
appropriate foundations, and the court will evaluate the
evidence's admissibility under the "substantial
similarity" standard and Federal Rules of
Evidence 401-403, 602, and 901.
At the
final pretrial conference, plaintiff's counsel
represented that he intended to show documents from these
five cases to Michigan Ladder's president and owner to
establish the defendant's knowledge (or lack thereof) of
the false lock problem in Krause ladders.[15] For this
purpose, and subject to an appropriate limiting instruction
given by the court if the defendant so requests, see
Fed.R.Evid. 105, plaintiff may introduce Czarnecki v.
Home Depot, Inc., No. 07-4384, 2009 WL 1560194 (E.D. Pa.
June 3, 2009). It is reasonable to conclude that the
defendant, had it performed due diligence on claims against
Krause ladders, would have encountered this opinion, which
was available on a public docket and through reporting
services at or around the time that Michigan Ladder acquired
the rights to the ladder and well before Barrett's
though the opinion resolves a motion to exclude expert
testimony, it describes the ladder used (a Krause Multimatic,
consisting of four sections with three sets of hinges) and
the plaintiff's claims (strict products liability
following the ladder's collapse after the plaintiff took
steps to make sure the hinges were locked), which mirror the
ladder and claims at issue in this action. See
Czarnecki, 2009 WL 1560194 at *1.
plaintiff may not introduce documents from Truitt v.
Westlake Hardware, No. 2:14-cv-00065-HEA (E.D. Mo. Filed
June 20, 2014). This lawsuit was filed nearly two years after
Barrett's accident occurred on September 11, 2012. As
such, it could not have provided notice to the defendant of
false lock problems in Krause ladders before the date of the
Nor may
the plaintiff introduce documents from Hudson v. Home Depot,
No. 03-2-28389 (Wash. Super. Ct. filed June 26, 2003),
Schneider v. Home Depot, Inc., No. 4:01-cv-02306
(filed July 9, 2001), or Smith v. Krause, Inc., No.
99-17618 (Fla. Cir. Ct. filed Oct. 14, 1999), on the basis of
information presented in plaintiff's notice. The
plaintiff references (1) a deposition, (2) an expert report,
and (3) an expert deposition, all of which he alleges
describe the Krause ladder as falsely locking.[16] The cases
appear to have been filed before Barrett's accident, but
the court cannot discern the context of the information from
the limited description provided by plaintiff's counsel.
Thus, the plaintiff has not established the necessary
foundation for use of these documents to establish notice to
the defendant, as described supra, and their admissibility at
trial will depend on whether the plaintiff can establish that
Consumer Product Safety Commission draft reports
At the
final pretrial conference, the plaintiff represented that he
would seek to introduce drafts of a report by the CPSC
prepared in connection with the Krause ladder recall, which
noted the false lock problem that allegedly caused
Barrett's accident. Barrett indicated that his expert
witness, Gene Litwin, would testify as to their contents.
Michigan Ladder objected.
may not introduce these draft reports through Mr. Litwin.
"A party seeking to introduce expert testimony at trial
must disclose to the opposing party a written report that
includes 'a complete statement of all opinions the
witness will express and the basis and reasons for
them.'" Gay v. Stonebridge Life Ins. Co.,
660 F.3d 58, 62 (1st Cir. 2011) (quoting Fed.R.Civ.P.
26(a)(2)(B)). That report must also disclose "the facts
or data considered by the witness in forming" his or
her opinions. Fed.R.Civ.P. 26(a)(2)(B)(ii). Failure to comply
with this rule may preclude a party from "us[ing] that
information or witness to supply evidence . . . at trial,
unless the failure was substantially justified or is
harmless'" Id. at Rule 37(c)(1); see also
Gay, 660 F.3d at 62 (quoting Esposito v. Home
Depot U.S.A., Inc., 590 F.3d 72, 77 (1st Cir. 2009)).
Barrett acknowledges, Mr. Litwin did not disclose the CPSC
draft reports in his report. Nor did he testify as to his
reliance on them during his deposition. Indeed,
plaintiff's counsel represented at the final pretrial
conference that Mr. Litwin had been unaware of the draft
report when he wrote his own report. Barrett has offered no
justification for his failure to obtain the documents in
advance of the expert report deadline or, upon obtaining
them, to seek leave to supplement Mr. Litwin's report.
Accordingly, Mr. Litwin is precluded from testifying
concerning the draft reports or their contents. See
Contour Design, Inc. v. Chance Mold Steel Co., 2011
DNH 154, 9-10, 25 (precluding introduction of expert
testimony opinion not disclosed in expert's report and
based on information expert did not rely on in preparing
report). Nor does the plaintiff's argument that the draft
reports fall, generally, within the penumbra of Mr.
Litwin's disclosed opinions alter this exclusion. See
EnergyNorth Nat. Gas, Inc. v. Century Indem. Co.,
No. CIV. 99-502-JD, 2005 WL 6762591, at *2 (D.N.H. Feb. 16,
To the
extent that Barrett seeks to affirmatively introduce the
draft CPSC reports as direct evidence to establish the
defendant's notice (actual or imputed) of the false lock
problem with Krause's ladders by some other means, the
court will conduct the ...
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text:
Management. Administration. Bureaucracy. I hate it. But I have to do it. And actually, in a decidedly perverse way, Google Docs is helping me hate it a bit less every day.
I once worked for a time as a designer. I quite liked being protected from the hard-nosed business of, well, business. Our sales team used Salesforce and I found its complexities a bit bewildering.
Then, especially working in PR, I became more aware of the importance of keeping track of things. At any given time I would have several projects on the go. I became a whizz at Outlook then – unfortunately – at Lotus Notes.
Now however I've got to do the lot – account handling, new business, lead generation, the lot. Oh, and the actual work.
I also often need to do this wherever I may be, so I've set up a spreadsheet on Google Docs that does a very nice job of bringing all this together.
Now, I'm sure many of you have better ways of doing this, but some of you may not. So here's how I do it:
- Name – the name of the person I'm dealing with. This is often a real name – even if I'm dealing with a company, I prefer to think of people rather than brands. It really is personal.
- Contact – having set up relational databases in the past I know this isn't how it should be done (many people may have many contacts), but I do it this way anyway. It's handy when you need to pick up the phone.
- Tier – I haven't actually used this in anger yet, but I do like to assign a tier – 1, 2 or 3 – to each prospect as it comes in. It's usually related to the amount of work I expect I could get off them, so often an agency will be tier one, any other company will be tier two, and individuals are tier three. While I haven't used this yet, I anticipate that at some point I'll take a good hard look at where the bucks are coming from, or to spread my work across tiers to make my portfolio more robust.
- Description – a brief description of the work. This is usually after the first call, and is firmed up as we go along.
- Potential – usually a complete shot in the dark at how much the business could be worth. It just helps me get an idea of how my pipeline could look if the work turns out to be what I think it is, and if it actually happens.
- Actual – when we've agreed on a quote, and we're live, this is where the contract value goes. It's as close as dammit to real money.
- State – is how I keep track of whether we're hot (1), warm (2), medium (3), cool (4) or frosty (5). Everyone starts at 3. If the next correspondence looks positive, you become a 2. If we're live, you're at 1. If, however, I get the feeling you're not as keen as mustard – for example, if I've sent you an email or two and you haven't come back to me – you go down to 4. When I'm sure you've dropped off the radar, just to mix the mustard/radar/flag metaphor up even more, you're at 5. Notice I never delete you. I might ping you in future. But if I do, and you don't want me to, I'll remove you. In this way I get to see where I'm up to with live vs. not-quite-dead-yet vs. coughing-up-blood-last-night prospects. I'm happy to say that right now I'm looking at a lot of 1s and 2s, but naturally, given the fact that I've done a lot of groundwork to drum up business over the past few months, there are quite a few 5s too.
- Last action – the last thing I did. It's so easy to forget otherwise.
- Last date – the last date I did it.
- Next action – guess.
- Next date – ditto.
- Comment – is where I express purely personal opinions or observations. They can range from "Seriously exciting stuff", "Great to do business with", "Could be great, move heaven and earth to make it so" through to less enthusiastic comments when projects fall through.
- Flag – uses Google Spreadsheet clever-dickery to show me how close the next date is. It tells me whether I need to take action tomorrow, 'soon' (ie within 4 days), or whether I'm late. This is all automatically colour coded too, so while tomorrow is a nice fragrant pink colour, today is red, and late is black. I use colour coding for the tiers and the flags too.
For me, the system works. Whenever I do anything – whether it's a phone call or an email, invoice or chase payment from clients who have taken over 30 days to pay me (yes, they exist) – I add it. When prospects go cold, the flag goes down – but often with a 'next date' to ping them in a month or so to try and revive it.
So the spreadsheet tells me, at any time, who I'm working for, where we're at, what happens next, when, and what the value of the work is or could be. It helps me warm up cold prospects, or balance workload when I think a tough week's coming up. It also helps me get an instant view of how many tier 1 clients are live, say, or how many 3 flags I need to get moving up or down.
So there you have it. From slightly hippified designer in the corner to steely-eyed missile man. All it takes is a sudden realisation that you depend on yourself to keep everything organised, to make you do it.
And while this could probably be done with Post-its or sheer memory skills, given that I've got 55 rows – ie 55 separate ongoing prospects – and counting, I don't think this would be feasible, or indeed desirable if I want to keep either the wallpaper intact, or my mind.


text:
Eddie Palmieri's influence on the world of modern music is often celebrated, but just as often underestimated. As he completes his 80th year with us, his energy and commitment seem to be increasing, as if to fully emphasize the power of not just the music but also the cross-cultural importance of the process. With no sign of slowing, Mr. Palmieri is the elder of a global culture of musicians, actively teaching young students and leading the way for the next generation. And now Mr. Palmieri brings to the world his first project since his back to back Grammy wins in 2005/2006 - SABIDURÍA. Sabiduría is the Spanish word for WISDOM, and the message is clear from the outset that wisdom is the exalted value that should guide us all. His intent with Sabidurí a, as it has been with all of his recordings, is to create art that will be analyzed and understood well beyond his time.
Many elements of style can be found within the experience of SABIDURÍA - funk, soul, jazz and pop are all present alongside the guiding force of rhythm. This is music you can sit to, drive to, and of course, DANCE to. The album features appearances from Donald Harrison Jr, Marcus Miller, Alfredo de la Fe, Joe Locke, Johnny Rivero, Ronnie Cuber, and David Spinnoza. SABIDURÍA may well be the best Latin Jazz record ever made, and when the dance is over we will let history decide.
1 - Cuerdas y Tumbao 06:44
2 - Wise Bata Blues 06:39
3 - Sabiduría 05:32
4 - La Cancha 05:13
5 - Augustine Parish 06:18
6 - Life 02:52
7 - Samba Do Suenho 06:37
8 - Spinal Volt 05:14
9 - The Uprising 07:31
10 - Coast To Coast 06:47
11 - Locked In 07:05
12 - Jibarita y Su Son 08:02
Eddie Palmieri
Little Johnny Rivero
Anthony Carrillo
Luisito Quintero
Luques Curtis
Jonathan Walsh
Louis Fouche
Jonathan Powell
Jeremy Powell
Camilo Molina
With Special Guests:
Donald Harrison
Obed Calvaire
Ronnie Cuber
David Spinozza
Joe Locke
Marcus Miller
Bernard Purdie
Alfredo de la Fe
Recorded: 2013-2015
Released April 21, 2017
This file is intended only for preview!
I ask you to delete the file from your hard drive after reading it.
thank for the original uploader


text:
Due to the COVID-19 virus the Piney River Mini-Triathlon has been cancelled for 2020.
Run 1.6 miles alongside the beautiful Piney River.
Paddle 3/4 mile on the Piney's Class I – II rapids.
Bike 2.5 miles – 3/4 mile up Old Rose Mill Road alongside the Piney River and 1.75 miles up the Blue Ridge Railway Trail.
Registration: 9:00 – 11:00 AM at the race start location.
Start: Virginia Blue Ridge Railway Lower Parking Lot off Rose Mill Road, 11:30 AM
Finish: Virginia Blue Ridge Railway Park Trail Head on Rt. 151.
Award Ceremony: will begin at 1:15 PM at the trail head.
For more information on the course, past results, photos, and registration information see Nelson Co, VA


text:
Dr. Turshá Hamilton is a practicing Naturopathic Primary Care Physician holding a license in the state of Arizona. As a native of New Orleans and a former resident of Memphis, two southern cities known for great food, she has a first-hand understanding of the challenges to improve health. She knows what it takes to find balance in health regarding food and everyday life.
Dr. Hamilton has authored several books where she shares some of the insight she has gained through her personal experiences and those of her patients and clients. Dr. Turshá was a long time co-host of a radio broadcast, Men's Health Talk, and is currently the host of The Practically Healthy Life Podcast and co-host of Relationships 3D Radio show.
She teaches various graduate and undergraduate courses in health, science and naturopathic medicine. She is frequently a guest lecturer and radio show guest, and has made various television appearances teaching many topics in science, health, and wellness.
In her spare time, she enjoys listening to good music, dancing, spending time with friends and family and reading good books.
How Dr. Hamilton Can Help Your Health Improve:
Dr. Turshá is a holistic health provider and coach who focuses on Diabetes, Hypertension, and Digestive Distress. She uses a balanced approach to medicine and wellness by finding the root cause of diseases and treating it with methods like nutritional counseling, botanical medicine, lifestyle modifications and hydrotherapy. Her patients have seen amazing results over time which include decreases in pain, blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol as well as increases in vitality and energy. Dr. Turshá's goal is to help you Live Better!
Click here to learn how you can Live Better today!
How Dr. Hamilton Can Help Your Business Visibility:
As a serial author, International Amazon Best Seller, podcaster, and blogger Dr. Turshá knows how to increase visibility among different platforms to attract more clients to a message and a business. To date, Dr. Hamilton has written 3 books, co-authored 2 books, hosted a podcast, co-hosted 2 radio shows, been guest speaker internationally, and can be seen on several blogs and social media platforms.
Through these experiences, and the many questions she's answered for friends, colleagues, and students, she has developed a passion for helping other holistic health professionals and small business owners elevate their expertise and increase their visibility. She has developed the 4 part P. A. S. S. strategy to help her clients Get More Clients by helping them be more recognized as the leaders in their field.
Click here to learn how you can Get More Clients today!


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Helmstedt-Marienborn Border
Born on 2 December 1951 in Wanne-Eickel (Ruhr), Dr. Alfonso Grabosch graduated from his study of medicine in Bochum and Essen. As an intern, he worked in the field of internal medicine, surgery and immunology before he approved in 1978.
From 1978 to 1982 he worked as a resident in surgery in Dortmund and Luenen. During this time he flew as an emergency doctor on the rescue helicopter "Christoph 8". Dr. Alfons Grabosch worked as an assistant and eventually as a senior physician from 1982 to 1983 in the Surgical Department of the Vincent's Hospital Datteln.
From 1984 - 1987, as a surgeon, Dr. Alfonso Grabosch was specializing to the field of plastic surgery at the University Hospital "Bergmannsheil Bochum". From September 1987 to December 1992 he worked as a senior consultant and deputy head physician of plastic surgery at the center for burn victims of the Urban Hospital in Berlin-Kreuzberg: During this time he took grafts for severely burned children with cultured own skin the first time in Germany.
Since 1993 he works in his own practice in Berlin-Mitte. In addition, he headed the "Plastic and Hand Surgery" by 1998 in Dominic's Hospital in Berlin-Hermsdorf. Since January 1999, Dr. Alfons Grabosch headed the same area at the Jewish Hospital in Berlin. Through numerous stays e.g. in the United States, Brazil, Israel and Scandinavia deepened Dr. Grabosch the knowledge of his field. As medical director of "Clinic at the Lake Summter Dr. Grabosch" in Hums in Berlin, he is now working since April 2000.


text:
From big pasta dinners, to carbohydrate dense prepackaged bars, and electrolyte beverages, endurance athletes are notorious for relying on carbohydrates as their main source of fuel. Many endurance athletes believe that they cannot live a Paleo lifestyle and still effectively train or compete for their event. However, there are athletes out there who are living a Paleo lifestyle and running marathons, doing Ironman Triathalons and even doing 3+ CrossFit WODs a day like in the recent CrossFit Games. One of my CrossFit clients, Leah Isaacson, who I have given the nickname of "Mighty Mouse", is one of them. Leah is under 5 feet tall and weighs about 115 pounds and is one of the strongest athletes in our gym. She can do at least 40 strict consecutive pullups and then do another set of about 37 after resting. The girl is strong. She also completed the 2011 Seattle to Portland (STP) 200 mile bike race in one day while following a Paleo diet. Hopefully, my interview with her will give you some confidence to enhance the way you perform by trying to follow a primal way of eating. Special thanks to Leah for sharing her story with me.
What motivated you to try the Paleo diet while training for the STP (200 mile) bike race?
Leah: I started eating Paleo a year ago in February as a challenge for 30 days. I expected to do it and return to my "normal" diet. But after 30 days, I had absolutely no desire to reintroduce the non-paleo foods especially grains and sugars. I started training for the STP mid-March. The first long ride I did I thought I needed to have some "carbs" like bread, so I did. The next day I felt disgusting. Even just a little toast made me feel sick. I couldn't imagine what a "gu" would do to me. So decided I would do all my training on eating a clean-unprocessed diet aka paleo. I did A LOT of research on what I needed nutrient wise for endurance training and just tweaked my food to make it work. It does take a little more time, but it is totally worth it!
What advice would you have for endurance athletes who rely on the traditional diet higher in carbohydrates and grains?
Leah: My advice would be to try to eat whole, real foods. Rather than getting your carbs from processed bars/drinks, try to change the paradigm. Dates, sweet potatoes and yams are great sources of carbs. You would be surprised how much better you feel when you're not loading yourself up with processed carbs. After cutting my carb intake, especially grains, I felt a drastic difference in what I need energy wise for training. Because my diet is naturally lower in carbs, when I do eat carbs, I am really able to use them. Before long rides I will have some sweet potatoes or yams. I have really found that I crave more fat- as it is longer lasting energy. I always give the kindling (carbs) and log (fat) example that I heard you give one day in the gym.
Can you describe what you eat while racing or training?
Leah: Pre-training/racing I will have a couple servings of sweet potatoes or yams the day before and maybe the morning of, along with lean protein and fat. While riding (anywhere from 50-200 miles), I will eat a trail mix made of raisins/walnuts/beef jerky
(in a ratio of 40/30/30). I also carry fruit & veggie pouches or homemade date bars for an easy way to get some energy without having to get off the bike. Dates give a lot of quick sugar (like a "gu" would). Coconut water is also a good source of carbs.
Have you noticed any difference in how your body feels since you have eliminated grains?
Leah: I feel immensely better having cut out grains. I don't feel as sluggish and hungry all the time. I have had grains, gluten specifically, a few times and the next day I do not feel well with a headache and just slow! In addition, I have noticed I don't need as many carbs pre-workout/training – because my body has adjusted to burning fat AND because I don't eat as many carbs my body can actually use them when I do eat them pre-training.
I definitely feel like I recover faster!


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The John Marshall Law School is a pioneer in providing legal education opportunities to those who would not have received such legal training. From the first law school that taught women outside New York city in 1902 to the first in the United States to establish an LL.M. program in patent law in 1940, the JMLS has led the way in cultivating future legal professionals.
Entering China. In 1993, before China's accession to the WTO, Dr. In-Lan Wang (Dorothy) Li, the then-librarian of the JMLS, and the JMLS administration met with Dr. Lulin Gao, the first commissioner of the State Intellectual Patent Office (SIPO), to discuss a possible legal educational program for its patent examiners. Little did they know that their meeting embarked a remarkable journey that the JMLS and the SIPO continue to cherish (click here for the timeline of Dr. Li's remarkable work). In the 16 years that followed, the JMLS, led by its dedicated faculty, administration leadership and the board of trustees, has educated more than 500 talented examiners and other legal professionals. These graduates further strengthened and cemented better understanding of Chinese role in the world IP law landscape.
Building on the JMLS tradition and the foundation of the JMLS-SIPO collaboration, this Chinese Intellectual Property Resource Center (CIPRC) aims to bridge the US IP legal world and the Chinese IP legal world. This English section of the website is an information resource platform of IP related issues in China and Taiwan. It covers patent, trademark, copyright, trade secret and other IP related issues. There are several categories under this section:
- (1) patent (under the post name "patent");
- (2) trademark (under the post name "tm");
- (3) copyright (under the post name "copyright");
- (4) trade secret and other IP related issues (under the post name "others"); and
- (5) "Did You Know?" (under the post name "dyk").
The Chinese section of the website (in Chinese) discusses issues regarding intellectual property rights issues in the United States. For example, the Chinese section includes discussions of recent case opinions from the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and the US Supreme Court, recent rule changes and guidelines from the United States Patent and Trademark Office, recent Federal Register notices of International Trade Commission investigations under Section 337 of the U.S. Tariff Act.
The Chinese IP Resource Center currently includes the following invaluable resources:
Prof. Dorothy Li Emeritus, Senior Counsel to the CIPRC and Director of Asian Alliance
Adj. Prof. Arthur Yuan, Director of the Chinese IP Resource Center.
We welcome your comments, suggestions, and thoughts on the website. We look forward to hearing you!
Arthur Yuan


text: We all have complicated relationships with our parents. I believe, however, homosexual individuals often have greater difficulty identifying with their same sex parent. In a way, the same sex parent serves as a reminder of the same sex heterosexual individuals we can not fully identify with. Though I am not a psychologist by any manner,Continue reading "Who's Daddy?"


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You did what you could.
You did what you could.
Zombie Response Team
I write English not so well, but this thin string for sewing or fabric-making my funny wheel getickles. Baron von Schtupp
All I know is skip work and be within killing range of an evacuation route when the neighbors are cutting the corn.
I'll try to post some pics and stories of early-season kills from my area, but most of them are rifle, and even the bow pics went over like lead balloons the last couple of years I tried it, so ...
If anyone's interested and has a lot of time on their hands, I have a comment one might put to use about hunting early season from pre-dawn late into the morning/mid-day...
Also, I think a lot of people talk themselves out of hunting hot weather when they don't need to.
If you have the right spot (!) and can control your scent (change of clothes, etc) mornings and (yes!) afternoons can be done.
I sought counseling for my depression when after years of effort in the trenches things slid downhill and have stayed there. These days, I check in for less than 30-seconds (my record is less than 10-seconds) with mildly elevated hopes that things might turn around but noooo. In the rare event someone (visitor or regular) posts meaningful or hunting related it becomes hijacked in nanoseconds.
Take no part in the unfruitful works of darkness, but instead expose them.
Ephesians 5:11
Remember the pool party's we usher to have here..I still like hunting ..I sure wish the other 3 would take this more seriously...just wondering ..am I the 4th guy
Things are looking up!
Now there's a fifth and sixth guy!
That's not true. I can log in in a jiffy, but it takes several jiffies for me to hijack even the simplest mumblings. I like to think about things first.
I'd say mathematically it takes between three shakes of a lamb's tail and maybe 27000 pico seconds for any hijacking to go on when you've got between four and six guys google-eyeing a topic lying out there on the table like a dead fish, collecting flies.
Or the Dparker got his new sauce de low boiling thing...I actually enjoyed that topic.
If I would have heard another string stopper thread back in the day...I don't no what I would have done..


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For those of you who haven't heard, we've added a new concentration option to the Master's of Information program at the Faculty of Information, University of Toronto, in Culture & Technology, launching in Fall 2013. We welcome applications from students with interests in exploring the intersections of society, culture and technologies, from digital game studies and media studies, to cyborgs and biotech. Here's a brief description, full details available on the website:
The new Culture & Technology (C&T) concentration, effective September 2013, brings technical, philosophical, and critical perspectives to bear on these social issues. It recognizes the demand for specialists who can identify, interpret, explain, and shape the socio-cultural impact of technologies at the micro and macro levels. Employers increasingly appreciate the importance of understanding such developments. Graduates of the C & T concentration will be ideally equipped to provide access to these forms of knowledge and understanding. The C&T concentration is designed to allow students to examine how society, culture, and understanding of the human condition influence, and are influenced by, technological development. It will provide students with the resources needed to understand, integrate, assess, and deploy multi-methodological arguments, in order to develop powerful, balanced, and integrated positions. Affiliated with the McLuhan Program in Culture & Technology (a program of the Coach House Institute), one of the aims of the concentration is to renew Coach House's role as a space where searching minds and intense visionaries can be enlisted, giving such students a place where they may focus on socio-technical issues related to computing, information systems and services, media, and the Internet, in order to (re)think the digitally-mediated world.If you'd like more info, you can email me directly, and/or contact anyone in the Admissions office. The deadline for applications is June 15th (with documents due July 2), and we accept on a rolling basis!


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The Concept of "Inner" Jihad
Posted by DJM on May 12, 2009
My friend Kitman at Kitman TV makes a very interesting observation about the difference between the 'inner' and 'outer' struggle in Jihad:
Roughly speaking Aziz argues that God is only happy if you are doing it for him alone. You should fight in the path of God so that his words will be the highest. God is not only upset if his slaves flirt with other Abrahamic faiths, he also tend to get very unhappy if they think too much of the earthly riches especially the war booty, or even their heavenly counterparts. Falling short on these issues could seriously damage the ability of an otherwise successful killing spree to heap up postmortem delights
Don´t think about:
– a share of the spoils of war
– having your own sex-slaves
– improving your career opportunities
– the pleasures of paradise
– bettering the chances for your family in the after life
– other distractions from the pure cause
Keeping an eye on all these things, while fighting the unbelievers makes jihad a very difficult exercise, physically as well as mentally – hence the classic distinction between the small and the grand jihad – the inner and outer struggle. It is thus important to remember, that Jihad really is a small inner struggle, in which you constantly remind yourself that you kill for God alone and in a manner he prefers. All the while treating the war booty as something irrelevant.
In short, 'inner' Jihad, as Muslims often attempt to tell us, is not necessarily a struggle to do good over evil (like the followers of Islam ever succeed in that struggle…) but rather ensuring the mindset that 'outer' Jihad (terrorism against non-Muslims) is being committed for Allah, and not for personal gain such as fame, wealth, or an elevated status.
Read the rest at Kitman TV
Kitman TV lists, embeds, and links some of the best anti-Jihad videos you'll find on the web. It also includes the Jihad Dossier – a library of Islamic PDFs. This is a must-bookmark site for any blogging Crusader!
Referenced PDF – "Jihad a the Effects of Intention Upon It"
(You can right-click and 'save link' to download)
(Cross-posted at Al Salibiyyah)
This entry was posted on May 12, 2009 at 7:22 am and is filed under Uncategorized. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
3 Responses to "The Concept of "Inner" Jihad"
learn quran online said
What is jihad
First, we would like to start with stating that Islam does not call for violence; rather it abhors all forms of violence and terrorism, whether against Muslims or non-Muslims. Islam, moreover, calls for peace, cooperation, and maintaining justice, and provides for the happiness and welfare of humanity as a whole. This fact is declared in the Qur'an when Allah says: (Allah commands justice, the doing of good, and liberality to kith and kin, and He forbids all shameful deeds, and injustice and rebellion: He instructs you, that ye may receive admonition.) (An-Nahl 16: 90)
Jihad is one of the words that have been misused due to misunderstanding its true meaning. The word "Jihad" is derived from the Arabic word "Jahd" which means fatigue or the word "Juhd" which means effort. A Mujahid is he who strives in the Cause of Allah and exerts efforts which makes him feel fatigued. The word "Jihad" means exerting effort to achieve a desired thing or prevent an undesired one. In other words, it is an effort that aims at bringing about benefit or preventing harm.
Jihad can be observed through any means and in any field whether material or moral. Among the types of Jihad are struggling against one's desires, the accursed Satan, poverty, illiteracy, disease, and fighting all evil forces in the world.
There are many religious texts that refer to these types of Jihad. Among the forms of Jihad is defending life, property or honor. Those who die while engaging in Jihad are considered to be martyrs, as confirmed by Hadith. Jihad is also done to avert aggression on home countries and on all that is held sacred, or in order to face those who try to hinder the march of the call of truth.
In Islamic Shari`ah, Jihad in the Cause of Allah means fighting in order to make the Word of Allah most high, and the means for doing so is taking up arms in addition to preparation, financing and planning strategies. A large number of people are supposed to take part in Jihad including farmers, craftsmen, traders, doctors, engineers, workers, security men, preachers, writers and all those who directly or indirectly participate in the battle.
This type of Jihad was a major concern of Muslims in the beginning of the formation of the Islamic community, and a lot of verses of the Glorious Qur'an and the Hadith advocated and encouraged it. Almighty Allah says: (March forth, whether you are light (being healthy, young and wealthy) or heavy (being ill, old and poor) and strive with your wealth and your lives in the Cause of Allah.) (At-Tawbah 9: 41) Jihad is considered an individual duty (Fard `Ein), on all Muslims who are capable and fit to fight, in the event of being invaded by the enemy, and is considered a collective duty (Fard Kifayah) in the event of not being invaded. However, if the Imam (leader) calls to Jihad, people must respond to his call. This is evident from Allah's Saying, (O you who believe! What is the matter with you, that when you are asked to march forth in the Cause of Allah (i.e. Jihad) you cling heavily on the earth?) (At-Tawbah 9: 38), and the Hadith narrated by Al-Bukhari and Muslim, "When you are called to Jihad, then go forth."
{I just removed your links. I am not down for posting that propaganda at my blog. If you have any links to refute my response go ahead and post them}
avideditor said
avideditor said
or just go here http://thereligionofpeace.com/


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Technology is changing the way we conduct legal transactions in our daily lives. As a result, we are forced to enact new laws covering issues like cyber law, cyber security, e-commerce, etc. However, this lawmaking is still at a very initial stage and law is still very far away from catching the technological changes.
For many decades technology has been trying to penetrate the legal profession and legal services fields. However, technology has failed to achieve this task so far. Of course, some of the law firms have started using legal case management systems and even artificial intelligence (AI) for limited legal fields. Nevertheless, legal fraternity is still very rigid in adopting and using technology.
Perry4Law Organisation (P4LO) started experimenting with information and communication technology (ICT) since 2002. This is the time when the first ever digital law firm of India was also born in the form of Perry4Law. A true digital law firm is not one that merely uses some form of technology but that has integrated ICT in its day to day activities. So the essential attributes of a true digital law firm is that most of its activities and services are performed in an online environment using ICT.
However, becoming the premier digital law firm of India has its own costs. Indian clients are still not comfortable with a virtual law firm and virtual legal assistants. They are more anxious to meet the people in person and face to face. They still believe in documentary dealings whereas most of the documentation and communications can safely be conducted using ICT. For instance, many Indian clients find it really difficult to interact over e-mails and chats. Even a telephonic conversation is not enough for them to start the hiring process for legal services. Naturally, lawyers have insignificant and almost nonexistent interest in technology in such cases and all they would be interested in is automation of administrative and para legal services.
Perry4Law remained persistent and even today we focus more upon being a virtual law firm than a brick and mortar law firm. We also encouraged use of open source software so that legal services in India can be rejuvenated. For instance, we are the first digital law firm in the entire world that is offering techno legal services in the fields like online internship, online skills development for lawyers and others, online dispute resolution (ODR), e-courts, cyber forensics, cyber security, e-discovery, etc. So our legal practice and services are inseparable from technology and Perry4Law is not just providing techno legal services using ICT but is itself a techno legal institution.
The story does not end here. We keep on experimenting with ICT and open source software and introduce novel and useful model for national and international stakeholders. For instance, at the Online Disputes Resolution & Cyber Arbitration Portal of TLCEODRI, national and international stakeholders can resolve their techno legal disputes by just opening a ticket. Similarly, any person located in any part of this world can avail the techno legal services of Perry4Law Techno Legal Base (PTLB) or Perry4Law Organisation (P4LO) by just opening a legal service request. Now this is the hallmark of a true digital law firm that can assist any person on the planet through Internet. Basically, we are using both commonly available and disruptive technologies to streamline and change the way legal services are provided using ICT. However, the task is very difficult as people and stakeholders are still not comfortable using disruptive technologies and innovative models of legal services delivery.
Nevertheless, Perry4Law is very optimistic that very soon other law firms would also follow the path suggested by Perry4Law and then people would be comfortable in availing technology assisted legal services.


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Be Mine
Here's wishing you much love for reading my jewellery obsessed blog.
This is the last of the treasures from the bag of broken jewellery I got at the Value Village last Friday. It's an etched sterling silver puffy heart charm. I got an almost identical one for being a flower girl at my Aunt Bonnie's wedding in the 1970s. I've hung it from a chain that I fixed using parts from a scrap necklace in the same sack.
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Timmonsville is located off the Interstate 95 and Interstate 20.
The City of Florence is just minutes away with many shopping and dining options.
The state capital Columbia and the historical town of Charleston are easily accessible.
Myrtle Beach and golf courses of the Grand Strand are less than 2 hours away.


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We always have a choice, and although we can't control most things in this world, we can control a few. When we choose to allow our circumstances to affect us we end up living life as victim, but when we choose to take ownership of the things we can control we are able to walk in freedom from our circumstances. In this podcast Dave and Chris talk about the three things that we can control, and how we can take personal responsibility for our own stories.
Podcast: Play in new window | Download


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Posts tagged 'maternal health'
Infographic: "The Revolution will be led by a 12-year-old girl" @Womens_eNews @VitalVoices @Pinterest
Found on Pinterest thanks to Vital Voices and Women's eNews!
Indian Women Leaders Recognized for Accomplishments in Promoting Health @UN_Women #India #hwhtw
Since India's implementation of quotas in local government, women have put in an impressive performance – bravo! (See also: "Women as Policy Makers")
"Puniben Rajpara from Gujarat has improved water facilities in her village, while Shashi Kiran from Himachal Pradesh has demanded one-year maternity leave for working women in her area. At the Women's Political Empowerment Day Celebrations 2012, they were two of the four outstanding elected women representatives from panchayats (village councils) who were honoured for their efforts to improve health and provide basic social amenities in their villages."
Read the full article: http://www.unwomen.org/2012/05/elected-women-representatives-in-india-are-awarded-for-their-efforts-to-improve-health/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=twitter&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+ungen+%28UN+gender+equality+news+feed%29
Ban Ki-moon: "The Best Investment a Country Can Make" @UN #hwhtw #maternalhealth
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon recently spoke at a reception for the in support of "Every Woman Every Child", in Mumbai, India. He congratulated India on its efforts to eradicate polio, and challenged the crowd to put the same resources toward maternal and child health, calling it a "common sense approach":
"[W]e share the same conviction that saving women's and children's lives is the best investment any country can make. If a person is ill, or their child is sick, anyone with resources would not think twice about spending them on health care. But, somehow, Governments often miss this common-sense approach to what matters in life."
Read the full speech: http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2012/sgsm14261.doc.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=twitter&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+ungen+%28UN+gender+equality+news+feed%29
Video: 'Mother Robin' delivers for poor women in Indonesia @everymomcounts @CTurlington #hwhtw
"Mother" Robin Lim, a powerhouse midwife and maternal/child health advocate, was named a "CNN Hero" for her prenatal and birthing care clinics in Indonesia. You can help her raise funds to build a new clinic by supporting Every Mother Counts in the Firefox challenge!
Bali, Indonesia (CNN) — At dawn, two women rise after sleeping on mats outside an Indonesian hospital.
They've waited all night for a chance to see their newborn babies, whom the hospital is holding until the medical bills are paid in full.
"Holding babies until payment is common in Indonesia," said Robin Lim, a midwife who founded birthing clinics in Aceh and the island of Bali.
At this particular hospital in Bali, mothers who don't pay are allowed in twice a day to feed their baby and change their baby's diaper. Those fortunate enough to find the money may take their babies home. Others might relinquish their parental rights and place their babies up for adoption, Lim explained.
"You worry, 'Will I be able to deliver this baby safely into the world?' But you shouldn't have to worry, 'How will I pay for it?' " said Lim, 54.
"Mother Robin," or "Ibu Robin" as she is called by the locals, is working to change that with her Yayasan Bumi Sehat (Healthy Mother Earth Foundation) health clinics. These birthing sanctuaries offer free prenatal care, birthing services and medical aid to anyone who needs it.
Read the CNN article: http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/03/10/cnnheroes.lim.midwife/index.html
Donate to EMC in the Firefox Challenge: http://www.crowdrise.com/EMCChallenge
Be the Change: The Firefox Challenge @everymomcounts @CTurlington #hwhtw
Mozilla has partnered with some civic-minded celebrities to raise money for charity this holiday season! In the Firefox Challenge, Mozilla started off with a $5,000 donation to each celebrity charity, and will give $25,000 more to the charity that raises the most funds by January 11.
One of the celebrities in the Challenge is supermodel and maternal health activist (and HWHTW heroine) Christy Turlington Burns. Her nonprofit, Every Mother Counts, is currently raising funds to build a much-needed new maternal health clinic in Indonesia. Click here to make a donation – and if you give at least $16, you'll be entered to win an Every Mother Counts t-shirt autographed by Christy herself!
Learn more or donate: http://www.crowdrise.com/EMCChallenge
Saving Mothers' Lives Amid the Afghanistan Drawdown @gaylelemmon #hwhtw
Here's a brand-new article on maternal health in Afghanistan from Gayle Lemmon and Isobel Coleman in Bloomberg Business Week. Gayle says, "Turns out that maternal health is one of the best investments the US has made in the country."
Afghan Women Stand to Lose in U.S. Drawdown
By Isobel Coleman and Gayle Tzemach Lemmon
Aug. 8 (Bloomberg) — As the U.S. begins withdrawing from Afghanistan, Afghans are wondering whether this is the beginning of the end of serious American engagement.
After spending almost $1 trillion and suffering close to 4,000 American deaths, will Washington cut and run? Or will it seek a "responsible end" to the war, as President Barack Obama has claimed?
The answer will depend in large part on how the U.S. continues to support the Afghan government and people. Americans are understandably tired of financing big, expensive initiatives that are riddled with corruption and can't be maintained by Afghans themselves. As incoming Ambassador Ryan Crocker said, the objective must be to invest in projects that meet the goal of "sustainable stability."
In a worrying sign, Washington is on the verge of eviscerating one of its most successful and cost-effective programs: improving maternal health.
Read the full article: http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-08-07/afghan-women-stand-to-lose-in-u-s-drawdown-coleman-and-lemmon.html


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Want Excellent Plumbing Advice? Then Explore The Article Below!
Many people feel that attending with their own plumbing needs is simply too hard https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dtHGaOSwHqY The best knowledge and equipment ensure it is simpler, though. The content below is full of different tips and tactics you can consider out, if you need to solve some plumbing issues.
You must insulate any pipes have being exposed to outside elements to avoid them freezing. You must also retain the temperature in the home above freezing to protect yourself from your pipes freezing. It is simple for pipes to freeze whenever the mean temperature nearby the pipes drop below freezing. Within the best case scenario, you should hold off until they thaw in order that the water runs again. The worst is that they burst, creating water damage and mold and a big repair bill.
If your water pipes freezes, start up the tap to the faucet nearest the pipe to ensure the water has somewhere to exit as the pipe thaws. If you have an excessive amount of pressure within the pipe, it could burst, causing other kinds of damage in your house.
Pump your septic tank about once every five-years, to ensure it is working well. This can prevent sediment from piling up with your tank, that could make it overflow in your home and yard, or even increase the risk for entire septic system to fail. Though it might cost the best value of cash to pump out your septic tank, it will be expensive more being forced to clean sewage backup or having to fix or replace a septic tank.
If your garbage disposal will not be working correctly, you should not try to correct it by putting your hand in throughout the drain. Even while they are turned off, disposals can be very dangerous. Search on the internet to get a troubleshooting manual for your personal disposal.
Don't put oil, grease or fat to your drain. These materials can be liquid once you pour them in, nevertheless they will solidify and create problems. Oils are specifically damaging to garbage disposals. Dump your oil outside or even in a container that you get rid of together with the regular trash.
A great way to knock out your plumbing issues in just one shot is always to schedule everything at once.
You could be inclined to call an expert plumber if you have any minor issues, but saving your plumbing issues for starters time can let you set that money directly into repairs. Achieving this may also save you money, since it's common for plumbers to charge hourly rates. It'll condense the entire amount of time they must spend to something you are able to more quickly afford.
Good management and prevention can help you save money plumbing. One major repair is actually a drain clog. Established hair can certainly clog drains. You can stop this from occurring by using a drain cover or a screen that is meant to keep your hair from the drain and pipes. It is much simpler to take out your hair from your screen than it is to have it from a pipe.
As was discussed at the beginning of the article, while plumbing is surely an very difficult chore for anyone to accomplish, it becomes significantly easier if you have the right advice and information. Make use of the advice with this article, and you'll be moving toward performing your own plumbing..