text: LT3471 Dual 1.3A, 1.2MHz Boost/Inverter in 3mm × 3mm DFN U FEATURES ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ DESCRIPTIO The LT®3471 dual switching regulator combines two 42V, 1.3A switches with error amplifiers that can sense to ground providing boost and inverting capability. The low VCESAT bipolar switches enable the device to deliver high current outputs in a small footprint. The LT3471 switches at 1.2MHz, allowing the use of tiny, low cost and low profile inductors and capacitors. High inrush current at start-up is eliminated using the programmable soft-start function, where an external RC sets the current ramp rate. A constant frequency current mode PWM architecture results in low, predictable output noise that is easy to filter. 1.2MHz Switching Frequency Low VCESAT Switches: 330mV at 1.3A High Output Voltage: Up to 40V Wide Input Range: 2.4V to 16V Inverting Capability 5V at 630mA from 3.3V Input 12V at 320mA from 5V Input –12V at 200mA from 5V Input Uses Tiny Surface Mount Components Low Shutdown Current: < 1µA Low Profile (0.75mm) 10-Lead 3mm × 3mm DFN Package The LT3471 switches are rated at 42V, making the device ideal for boost converters up to ±40V as well as SEPIC and flyback designs. Each channel can generate 5V at up to 630mA from a 3.3V supply, or 5V at 510mA from four alkaline cells in a SEPIC design. The device can be configured as two boosts, a boost and inverter or two inverters. U APPLICATIO S ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Organic LED Power Supply Digital Cameras White LED Power Supply Cellular Phones Medical Diagnostic Equipment Local ±5V or ±12V Supply TFT-LCD Bias Supply xDSL Power Supply The LT3471 is available in a low profile (0.75mm) 10-lead 3mm × 3mm DFN package. , LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. U TYPICAL APPLICATIO OLED Driver 2.2µH VIN 3.3V 90.9k 4.7µF SW1 4.7k SHDN/SS1 90 FB1N 0.33µF FB1P VIN 15k 0.1µF LT3471 10µF CONTROL 2 15k FB2N 4.7k 0.33µF SHDN/SS2 GND VOUT1 = 7V 85 VREF VIN 95 EFFICIENCY (%) CONTROL 1 OLED Driver Efficiency VOUT1 7V 350mA 80 VOUT1 = –7V 75 70 65 FB2P 60 SW2 75pF 105k 10µH 1µF 15µH VIN 10µF 3471 TA01 55 VOUT2 –7V 250mA 50 0 100 200 300 400 IOUT (mA) 3471 TA01b 3471f 1 LT3471 W W W AXI U U ABSOLUTE RATI GS U U W PACKAGE/ORDER I FOR ATIO (Note 1) VIN Voltage .............................................................. 16V SW1, SW2 Voltage ....................................– 0.4V to 42V FB1N, FB1P, FB2N, FB2P Voltage ....... 12V or VIN – 1.5V SHDN/SS1, SHDN/SS2 Voltage .............................. 16V VREF Voltage ........................................................... 1.5V Maximum Junction Temperature ......................... 125°C Operating Temperature Range (Note 2) .. – 40°C to 85°C Storage Temperature Range ................. – 65°C to 125°C ORDER PART NUMBER TOP VIEW 10 SW1 FB1N 1 FB1P 2 VREF 3 FB2P 4 7 SHDN/SS2 FB2N 5 6 SW2 9 SHDN/SS1 11 LT3471EDD 8 VIN DD PACKAGE 10-LEAD (3mm × 3mm) PLASTIC DFN TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 43°C/ W, θJC = 3°C/ W EXPOSED PAD (PIN 11) IS GND MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB DD PART MARKING LBHM Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are TA = 25°C. VIN = VSHDN = 3V unless otherwise noted. PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 2.1 2.4 V 0.991 0.987 1.000 1.009 1.013 V V 1 1.4 Minimum Operating Voltage Reference Voltage ● Reference Voltage Current Limit (Note 3) Reference Voltage Load Regulation 0mA ≤ IREF ≤ 100µA (Note 3) 0.1 0.2 %/100µA Reference Voltage Line Regulation 2.6V ≤ VIN ≤ 16V 0.03 0.08 %/V Error Amplifier Offset Transition from Not Switching to Switching, VFBP = VFBN = 1V ±2 ±3 mV FB Pin Bias Current (Note 3) 60 100 nA Quiescent Current VSHDN = 1.8V, Not Switching 2.5 4 mA Quiescent Current in Shutdown VSHDN = 0.3V, VIN = 3V 0.01 1 µA 1 1.2 1.4 90 86 94 % % 15 % ● Switching Frequency Maximum Duty Cycle ● Minimum Duty Cycle Switch Current Limit At Minimum Duty Cycle At Maximum Duty Cycle (Note 4) Switch VCESAT ISW = 1.3A (Note 5) Switch Leakage Current VSW = 5V SHDN/SS Input Voltage High 1.5 0.9 mA 2.05 1.45 2.6 2.0 A A 330 440 mV 0.01 1 µA 1.8 SHDN Input Voltage Low Quiescent Current ≤ 1µA SHDN Pin Bias Current VSHDN = 3V, VIN = 4V VSHDN = 0V Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the life of a device may be impaired. Note 2: The LT3471E is guaranteed to meet performance specifications from 0°C to 70°C. Specifications over the –40°C to 85°C operating temperature range are assured by design, characterization and correlation with statistical process controls. MHz V 22 0 0.3 V 36 0.1 µA µA Note 3: Current flows out of the pin. Note 4: See Typical Performance Characteristics for guaranteed current limit vs duty cycle. Note 5: VCESAT is 100% tested at wafer level. 3471f 2 LT3471 U W TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS Quiescent Current vs Temperature 2.4 1.005 2.2 VREF (V) 1.000 2.0 VREF VOLTAGE 100mV/DIV 0.995 1.8 1.6 –50 –25 50 25 0 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 0.990 –50 125 50 25 0 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) –25 125 100 VREF CURRENT 200µA/DIV 3471 G01 3741 G03 3471 G02 SHDN/SS Current vs SHDN/SS Voltage Switch Saturation Voltage vs Switch Current Current Limit vs Duty Cycle 2.2 VIN = 3.3V 600 1.6 CURRENT LIMIT (A) VIN > VSHDN/SS 700 TYPICAL 1.8 SHDN/SS CURRENT 20µV/DIV 800 TA = 25°C 2.0 90°C GUARANTEED 1.4 VCESAT (mV) QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA) VREF Voltage vs VREF Current VREF Voltage vs Temperature 1.010 2.6 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 500 25°C 400 300 200 0.4 100 0.2 SHDN/SS VOLTAGE 1V/DIV 3741 G04 0 0 0 20 60 40 DUTY CYCLE (%) 80 100 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 SW CURRENT (A) 3471 G05 Peak Switch Current vs SHDN/SS Voltage 1.50 2.0 1.45 1.8 1.40 1.6 SWITCH CURRENT (A) FREQUENCY (MHz) Oscillator Frequency vs Temperature 1.35 1.30 1.25 1.20 1.15 3471 G07 VOUT1 2V/DIV VOUT2 5V/DIV CONTROL 1 AND 2 5V/DIV 0.8 0.6 0.2 125 ISUPPLY 1A/DIV 1.0 0.4 100 TA = 25°C 1.2 1.05 50 25 0 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) Start-Up Waveform (Figure 2 Circuit) 1.4 1.10 1.00 –50 –25 3471 G06 0 0.5ms/DIV 0 3471 G09 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 VSHDN/SS (V) 3471 G08 3471f 3 LT3471 U U U PI FU CTIO S FB1N (Pin 1): Negative Feedback Pin for Switcher 1. Connect resistive divider tap here. Minimize trace area at FB1N. Set VOUT = VFB1P(1 + R1/R2), or connect to ground for inverting topologies. and minimize the metal trace area connected to this pin to minimize EMI. SHDN/SS2 (Pin 7): Shutdown and Soft-Start Pin. Tie to 1.8V or more to enable device. Ground to shut down. Softstart function is provided when the voltage at this pin is ramped slowly to 1.8V with an external RC circuit. FB1P (Pin 2): Positive Feedback Pin for Switcher 1. Connect either to VREG or a divided down version of VREG, or connect to a resistive divider tap for inverting topologies. VIN (Pin 8): Input Supply. Must be locally bypassed. VREF (Pin 3): 1.00V Reference Pin. Can supply up to 1mA of current. Do not pull this pin high. Must be locally bypassed with no less than 0.01µF and no more than 1µF. A 0.1µF ceramic capacitor is recommended. Use this pin as the positive feedback reference or connect a resistor divider here for a smaller reference voltage. SHDN/SS1 (Pin 9): Same as SHDN/SS2 but for Switcher 1. Note: taking either SHDN/SS pin high will enable the part. Each switcher is individually enabled with its respective SHDN/SS pin. SW1 (Pin 10): Same as SW2 but for Switcher 1. Exposed Pad (Pin 11): Ground. Connect directly to local ground plane. This ground plane also serves as a heat sink for optimal thermal performance. FB2P (Pin 4): Same as FB1P but for Switcher 2. FB2N (Pin 5): Same as FB1N but for Switcher 2. SW2 (Pin 6): Switch Pin for Switcher 2 (Collector of internal NPN power switch). Connect inductor/diode here W BLOCK DIAGRA 2 FB1P 10 SW1 + – A1 1 FB1N – RC + CC 8 VIN 1.00V REFERENCE VREF DRIVER A2 R S Q1 Q + 0.01Ω Σ 3 – 9 4 SHDN/SS1 FB2P RAMP GENERATOR LEVEL SHIFTER 6 SW2 + – A3 5 FB2N – RC + CC 7 SHDN/SS2 11 GND LEVEL SHIFTER DRIVER A4 R S Q2 Q + 0.01Ω Σ – RAMP GENERATOR 1.2MHz OSCILLATOR GND 3471 F01 Figure 1. Block Diagram 3471f 4 LT3471 U OPERATIO The LT3471 uses a constant frequency, current mode control scheme to provide excellent line and load regulation. Refer to the Block Diagram. At the start of each oscillator cycle, the SR latch is set, which turns on the power switch, Q1 (Q2). A voltage proportional to the switch current is added to a stabilizing ramp and the resulting sum is fed into the positive terminal of the PWM comparator A2 (A4). When this voltage exceeds the level at the negative input of A2 (A4), the SR latch is reset, turning off the power switch Q1 (Q2). The level at the negative input of A2 (A4) is set by the error amplifier A1 (A3) and is simply an amplified version of the difference between the negative feedback voltage and the positive feedback voltage, usually tied to the reference voltage VREG. In this manner, the error amplifier sets the correct peak current level to keep the output in regulation. If the error amplifier's output increases, more current is delivered to the output. Similarly, if the error decreases, less current is delivered. Each switcher functions independently but they share the same oscillator and thus the switchers are always in phase. Enabling the part is done by taking either SHDN/SS pin above 1.8V. Disabling the part is done by grounding both SHDN/SS pins. The soft-start feature of the LT3471 allows for clean start-up conditions by limiting the amount of voltage rise at the output of comparator A1 and A2, which in turn limits the peak switching current. The soft-start feature for each switcher is enabled by slowly ramping that switcher's SHDN/SS pin, using an RC network, for example. Typical resistor and capacitor values are 0.33µF and 4.7kΩ, allowing for a start-up time on the order of milliseconds. The LT3471 has a current limit circuit not shown in the Block Diagram. The switch current is constantly monitored and not allowed to exceed the maximum switch current (typically 1.6A). If the switch current reaches this value, the SR latch is reset regardless of the state of the comparator A2 (A4). Also not shown in the Block Diagram is the thermal shutdown circuit. If the temperature of the part exceeds approximately 160°C, both latches are reset regardless of the state of comparators A2 and A4. The current limit and thermal shutdown circuits protect the power switch as well as the external components connected to the LT3471. U W U U APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Duty Cycle The typical maximum duty cycle of the LT3471 is 94%. The duty cycle for a given application is given by: DC = | VOUT | + | VD | – | VIN | | VOUT | + | VD | – | VCESAT | Where VD is the diode forward voltage drop and VCESAT is in the worst case 330mV (at 1.3A) The LT3471 can be used at higher duty cycles, but it must be operated in the discontinuous conduction mode so that the actual duty cycle is reduced. Setting Output Voltage Setting the output voltage depends on the topology used. For normal noninverting boost regulator topologies: ⎛ R1⎞ VOUT = VFBP ⎜ 1 + ⎟ ⎝ R2 ⎠ where VFBN is connected between R1 and R2 (see the Typical Applications section for examples). Select values of R1 and R2 according to the following equation: ⎛ V ⎞ R1 = R2 ⎜ OUT ⎟ ⎝ VREF – 1⎠ A good value for R2 is 15k which sets the current in the resistor divider chain to 1.00V/15k = 67µA. VFBP is usually just tied to VREF = 1.00V, but VFBP can also be tied to a divided down version of VREF or some other voltage as long as the absolute maximum ratings for the feedback pins are not exceeded (see Absolute Maximum Ratings). For inverting topologies, VFBN is tied to ground and VFBP is connected between R1 and R2. R2 is between VFBP and 3471f 5 LT3471 U W U U APPLICATIONS INFORMATION VREF and R1 is between VFBP and VOUT (see the Applications section for examples). In this case: ⎛ R1⎞ VOUT = VREF ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ R2 ⎠ Select values of R1 and R2 according to the following equation: ⎛V ⎞ R1 = R2 ⎜ OUT ⎟ ⎝ VREF ⎠ A good value for R2 is 15k, which sets the current in the resistor divider chain to 1.00V/15k = 67µA. Switching Frequency and Inductor Selection The LT3471 switches at 1.2 MHz, allowing for small valued inductors to be used. 4.7µH or 10µH will usually suffice. Choose an inductor that can handle at least 1.4A without saturating, and ensure that the inductor has a low DCR (copper-wire resistance) to minimize I2R power losses. Note that in some applications, the current handling requirements of the inductor can be lower, such as in the SEPIC topology where each inductor only carries one half of the total switch current. For better efficiency, use similar valued inductors with a larger volume. Many different sizes and shapes are available from various manufacturers. Choose a core material that has low losses at 1.2 MHz, such as ferrite core. Table 1. Inductor Manufacturers Sumida (847) 956-0666 www.sumida.com TDK (847) 803-6100 www.tdk.com Murata (714) 852-2001 www.murata.com Soft-Start and Shutdown Features To shut down the part, ground both SHDN/SS pins. To shut down one switcher but not the other one, ground that switcher's SHDN/SS pin. The soft-start feature provides a way to limit the inrush current drawn from the supply upon start-up. To use the soft-start feature for either switcher, slowly ramp up that switcher's SHDN/SS pin. The rate of voltage rise at the output of the switcher's comparator (A1 or A3 for switcher 1 or switcher 2 respectively) tracks the rate of voltage rise at the SHDN/SS pin once the SHDN/SS pin has reached about 1.1V. The soft-start function will go away once the voltage at the SHDN/SS pin exceeds 1.8V. See the Peak Switch Current vs SHDN/SS Voltage graph in the Typical Performance Characteristics section. The rate of voltage rise at the SHDN/SS pin can easily be controlled with a simple RC network connected between the control signal and the SHDN/SS pin. Typical values for the RC network are 4.7kΩ and 0.33µF, giving start-up times on the order of milliseconds. This RC time constant can be adjusted to give different start-up times. If different values of resistance are to be used, keep in mind the SHDN/SS Current vs SHDN/SS voltage graph along with the Peak Switch Current vs SHDN/SS Voltage graph, both found in the Typical Performance Characteristics section. The impedance looking into the SHDN/SS pin depends on whether the SHDN/SS is above or below VIN. Normally SHDN/SS will not be driven above VIN, and thus the impedance looks like 100kΩ in series with a diode. If the voltage of the SHDN/SS pin is above VIN, the impedance looks more like 50kΩ in series with a diode. This 100kΩ or 50kΩ impedance can have a slight effect on the start-up time if you choose the R in the RC soft-start network too large. Another consideration is selecting the soft-start time so that the soft-start feature is dominated by the RC network and not the capacitor on VREF. (See VREF voltage reference section of the Applications Information for details.) CAPACITOR SELECTION Low ESR (equivalent series resistance) capacitors should be used at the output to minimize the output ripple voltage. Multi-layer ceramic capacitors are an excellent choice, as they have extremely low ESR and are available in very small packages. X5R dielectrics are preferred, followed by X7R, as these materials retain the capacitance over wide voltage and temperature ranges. A 4.7µF to 15µF output capacitor is sufficient for most applications, but systems with very low output currents may need only a 1µF or 2.2µF output capacitor. Solid tantalum or OS-CON capacitors can be used, but they will occupy more board area than a ceramic and will have a higher ESR. Always use a capacitor with a sufficient voltage rating. Ceramic capacitors also make a good choice for the input decoupling capacitor, which should be placed as close as possible to the LT3471. A 4.7µF to 10µF input capacitor is 3471f 6 LT3471 U U W U APPLICATIONS INFORMATION L1 2.2µH D1 VIN CONTROL 1 1.8V 0V RSS1 4.7k 9 SW1 SHDN/SS1 FB1N CSS1 0.33µF VIN 2.6V TO 4.2V Li-Ion CONTROL 2 1.8V 0V 10 FB1P 8 10µF RSS2 4.7k CSS2 0.33µF VREF VIN 1 2 SHDN/SS2 GND R3 90.9k VOUT1 7V C3 4.7µF R4 15k 3 C2 0.1µF LT3471 FB2N 7 CPL 33pF FB2P 5 R2 15k 4 SW2 11 6 L2 10µH C5 1µF L3 15µH R1 105k C6 75pF VIN C4 10µF D2 VOUT2 –7V 3471 F02 C1, C2: X5R OR X7R 6.3V C3, C4: X5R OR X7R 10V C5: XR5 OR X7R 16V CPL: OPTIONAL D1, D2: ON SEMICONDUCTOR MBRM-120 L1: SUMIDA CR43-2R2 L2: SUMIDA CDRH4D18-100 L3: SUMIDA CDRH4D18-150 Figure 2. Li-Ion OLED Driver Supply Current of Figure 2 During Start-Up without Soft-Start RC Network Supply Current of Figure 2 During Start-Up with Soft-Start RC Network ISUPPLY 0.5A/DIV ISUPPLY 0.5A/DIV VOUT1 2V/DIV VOUT1 2V/DIV 0.1ms/DIV 3471 F02b sufficient for most applications. Table 2 shows a list of several ceramic capacitor manufacturers. Consult the manufacturers for detailed information on their entire selection of ceramic parts. Table 2. Ceramic Capacitor Manufacturers Taiyo Yuden (408) 573-4150 www.t-yuden.com AVX (803) 448-9411 www.avxcorp.com Murata (714) 852-2001 www.murata.com The decision to use either low ESR (ceramic) capacitors or the higher ESR (tantalum or OS-CON) capacitors can 0.2ms/DIV 3471 F02c affect the stability of the overall system. The ESR of any capacitor, along with the capacitance itself, contributes a zero to the system. For the tantalum and OS-CON capacitors, this zero is located at a lower frequency due to the higher value of the ESR, while the zero of a ceramic capacitor is at a much higher frequency and can generally be ignored. A phase lead zero can be intentionally introduced by placing a capacitor (CPL) in parallel with the resistor (R3) between VOUT and VFB as shown in Figure 2. The frequency of the zero is determined by the following equation. 3471f 7 LT3471 U W U U APPLICATIONS INFORMATION ƒZ = VREG VOLTAGE REFERENCE 1 2π • R3 • CPL By choosing the appropriate values for the resistor and capacitor, the zero frequency can be designed to improve the phase margin of the overall converter. The typical target value for the zero frequency is between 35kHz to 55kHz. Figure 3 shows the transient response of the stepup converter from Figure 2 without the phase lead capacitor CPL. Although adequate for many applications, phase margin is not ideal as evidenced by 2-3 "bumps" in both the output voltage and inductor current. A 33pF capacitor for CPL results in ideal phase margin, which is revealed in Figure 4 as a more damped response and less overshoot. VOUT 200mV/DIV AC COUPLED IL1 0.5A/DIV AC COUPLED Pin 3 of the LT3471 is a bandgap voltage reference that has been divided down to 1.00V and buffered for external use. This pin must be bypassed with at least 0.01µF and no more than 1µF. This will ensure stability as well as reduce the noise on this pin. The buffer has a built-in current limit of at least 1mA (typically 1.4mA). This not only means that you can use this pin as an external reference for supplemental circuitry, but it also means that it is possible to provide a soft-start feature if this pin is used as one of the feedback pins for the error amplifier. Normally the softstart time will be dominated by the RC time constant discussed in the soft-start and shutdown section. However, because of the finite current limit of the buffer for the VREG pin, it will take some time to charge up the bypass capacitor. During this time, the voltage at the VREG pin will ramp up, and this action provides an alternate means for soft-starting the circuit. If the largest recommended bypass capacitor is used, 1µF, the worst-case (longest) softstart function that would be provided from the VREF pin is: 1µF • 1.00 V = 1.0ms 1.0mA LOAD CURRENT 100mA/DIV AC COUPLED 50µs/DIV 3471 F03 Figure 3. Transient Response of Figure 2's Step-Up Converter without Phase Lead Capacitor VOUT 200mV/DIV AC COUPLED IL1 0.5A/DIV AC COUPLED LOAD CURRENT 100mA/DIV AC COUPLED 50µs/DIV Choose the RC network such that the soft-start time is longer than this time, or choose a smaller bypass capacitor for the VREF pin (but always larger than 0.01µF) so that the RC network dominates the soft-starting of the LT3471. The voltage at the VREF pin can also be divided down and used for one of the feedback pins for the error amplifier. This is especially useful in LED driver applications, where the current through the LEDs is set using the voltage reference across a sense resistor in the LED chain. Using a smaller or divided down reference leads to less wasted power in the sense resistor. See the Typical Applications section for an example of LED driving applications. DIODE SELECTION 3471 F04 Figure 4. Transient Response of Figure 2's Step-Up Converter with 33pF Phase Lead Capacitor A Schottky diode is recommended for use with the LT3471. For high efficiency, a diode with good thermal characteristics at high currents should be used such as the On 3471f 8 LT3471 U U W U APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Semiconductor MBRM120. This is a 20V diode. Where the switch voltage exceeds 20V, use the MBRM140, a 40V diode. These diodes are rated to handle an average forward current of 1.0A. In applications where the average forward current of the diode is less than 0.5A, use the Philips PMEG 2005, 3005, or 4005 (a 20V, 30V or 40V diode, respectively). LAYOUT HINTS The high speed operation of the LT3471 demands careful attention to board layout. You will not get advertised performance with careless layout. Figure 5 shows the recommended component placement. CONTROL 2 CONTROL 1 CSS1 RSS1 GND CSS2 RSS2 GND GND C4 C1 VOUT2 L2 L1 VOUT1 D1 SW1 10 8 9 C3 • SHDN/SS1 SW2 6 7 SHDN/SS2 GND C5 D2 LT3471 PIN 11 GND R4 FB1P VREF FB2P FB2N 1 2 3 4 5 R3 R2 From Figure 6, the DC gain, poles and zeroes can be calculated as follows: RHP Zero: Z3 = R1 VOUT2 VOUT1 As with any feedback loop, identifying the gain and phase contribution of the various elements in the loop is critical. Figure 6 shows the key equivalent elements of a boost converter. Because of the fast current control loop, the power stage of the IC, inductor and diode have been replaced by the equivalent transconductance amplifier gmp. gmp acts as a current source where the output current is proportional to the VC voltage. Note that the maximum output current of gmp is finite due to the current limit in the IC. Output Pole: P1= • GND FB1N Like all other current mode switching regulators, the LT3471 needs to be compensated for stable and efficient operation. Two feedback loops are used in the LT3471: a fast current loop which does not require compensation, and a slower voltage loop which does. Standard Bode plot analysis can be used to understand and adjust the voltage feedback loop. 2 2 • π • RL • COUT 1 Error Amp Pole: P2 = 2 • π • RO • CC 1 Error Amp Zero: Z1= 2 • π • RC • CC 1 V DC GAIN: A = REF • gma • RO • gmp • RL • 2 VOUT 1 ESR Zero: Z2 = 2 • π • RESR • COUT L3 VCC Compensation—Theory C2 3471 F05 Figure 5. Suggested Layout Showing a Boost on SW1 and an Inverter on SW2. Note the Separate Ground Returns for All High Current Paths (Using a Multilayer Board) VIN2 • RL 2 • π • VOUT2 • L f High Frequency Pole: P3 > S 3 1 Phase Lead Zero: Z 4 = 2 • π • R1 • CPL 1 Phase Lead Pole: P4 = R1 • R2 2 • π • CPL • R1 + R2 3471f 9 LT3471 U U W U APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Table 3. Bode Plot Parameters – Parameter gmp VOUT + CPL + VC RESR COUT 1.00V REFERENCE gma RC RO RL R1 – R2 CC 3471 F06 CC: COMPENSATION CAPACITOR COUT: OUTPUT CAPACITOR CPL: PHASE LEAD CAPACITOR gma: TRANSCONDUCTANCE AMPLIFIER INSIDE IC gmp: POWER STAGE TRANSCONDUCTANCE AMPLIFIER RC: COMPENSATION RESISTOR RL: OUTPUT RESISTANCE DEFINED AS VOUT DIVIDED BY ILOAD(MAX) RO: OUTPUT RESISTANCE OF gma R1, R2: FEEDBACK RESISTOR DIVIDER NETWORK RESR: OUTPUT CAPACITOR ESR Figure 6. Boost Converter Equivalent Model The Current Mode zero is a right half plane zero which can be an issue in feedback control design, but is manageable with proper external component selection. Using the circuit of Figure 2 as an example, Table 3 shows the parameters used to generate the Bode plot shown in Figure 7. Value RL 20 Ω Application Specific 4.7 µF Application Specific RESR 10 mΩ Application Specific RO 0.9 MΩ Not Adjustable CC 90 pF Not Adjustable CPL 33 pF Adjustable RC 55 kΩ Not Adjustable R1 90.9 kΩ Adjustable R2 15 kΩ Adjustable VOUT 7 V Application Specific VIN 3.3 V Application Specific gma 50 µmho Not Adjustable gmp 9.3 mho Not Adjustable L 2.2 µH fS 1.2 MHz 0 –50 50 Not Adjustable –100 40 30 –150 20 –200 10 –250 0 PHASE (DEG) GAIN (dB) Application Specific From Figure 7, the phase is –115° when the gain reaches 0dB giving a phase margin of 65°. This is more than adequate. The crossover frequency is 50kHz. 60 –300 –10 –30 100 Comment COUT 70 –20 Units –350 GAIN PHASE 1k –400 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) 1M 3471 F07 Figure 7. Bode Plot of 3.3V to 7V Application 3471f 10 LT3471 U TYPICAL APPLICATIO S Li-Ion OLED Driver L1 2.2µH D1 VIN VIN 2.6V TO 4.2V Li-Ion CONTROL 2 1.8V 0V 10 9 SW1 SHDN/SS1 FB1N CSS1 0.33µF FB1P 8 C1 10µF RSS2 4.7k CSS2 0.33µF VREF VIN FB2N 7 SHDN/SS2 GND FB2P 1 2 C3 4.7µF VOUT1 7V 500mA WHEN VIN = 4.2V 350mA WHEN VIN = 3.3V 250mA WHEN VIN = 2.6V R4 15k 3 VCONTROL C2 0.1µF 0V TO 1V R5 20k 5 R2 15k 4 R6 10k SW2 11 R3 90.9k C6 33pF LT3471 6 L2 15µH C5 1µF L3 15µH R1 105k VIN C6 75pF C4 10µF D2 3471 TA02 C1, C2: X5R OR X7R 6.3V C3, C4: X5R OR X7R 10V C5: XR5 OR X7R 16V C6: OPTIONAL D1, D2: ON SEMICONDUCTOR MBRM-120 L1: SUMIDA CR43-2R2 L2: SUMIDA CDRH4D18-100 L3: SUMIDA CDRH4D18-150 VOUT2 –7V TO –4V –7V WHEN VCONTROL = 0V –4V WHEN VCONTROL = 1 –7V, 300mA WHEN VIN = 4.2V –7V, 250mA WHEN VIN = 3.3V –7V, 200mA WHEN VIN = 2.6V Li-Ion OLED Driver Efficiency 95 VOUT = 7V 90 VIN = 4.2V 85 EFFICIENCY (%) CONTROL 1 1.8V 0V RSS1 4.7k VIN = 3.3V VIN = 2.6V 80 VIN = 4.2V VIN = 3.3V 75 70 VIN = 2.6V 65 60 VOUT = –7V 55 50 0 100 300 200 IOUT (mA) 400 500 3471 TA02b 3471f 11 LT3471 U TYPICAL APPLICATIO S Single Li-Ion Cell to 5V, 12V Boost Converter L1 3.3µH C3 10µF VOUT1 5V 900mA IF VIN = 4.2V 630mA IF VIN = 3.3V 425mA IF VIN = 2.6V C4 10µF VOUT2 12V 300mA IF VIN = 4.2V 210mA IF VIN = 3.3V 145mA IF VIN = 2.6V D1 VIN CONTROL 1 1.8V OV 9 SW1 SHDN/SS1 FB1N CSS1 0.33µF FB1P 8 VIN 2.6V TO 4.2V CONTROL 2 1.8V 0V 10 RSS1 4.7k RSS2 4.7k VREF VIN CSS2 0.33µF 2 C2 0.1µF FB2P SHDN/SS2 GND 11 R1 20k R2 4.99k 3 LT3471 C1 4.7µF 7 C5 100pF 1 FB2N 4 5 SW2 L2 6.8µH 6 VIN D2 C6 220pF R3 54.9k R4 4.99k 3471 TA03 C1-C3: X5R OR X7R 6.3V C4: X5R OR X7R 16V D1, D2: ON SEMICONDUCTOR MBRM-120 L1: SUMIDA CR43-3R3 L2: SUMIDA CR43-6R8 3471f 12 LT3471 U TYPICAL APPLICATIO S Li-Ion 20 White LED Driver L1 2.2µH D1 VIN CONTROL 1 1.8V OV 9 SW1 SHDN/SS1 FB1N CSS1 0.33µF FB1P 8 VIN 2.6V TO 4.2V CONTROL 2 1.8V OV C3 0.22µF 10 RSS1 4.7k RSS2 4.7k VREF VIN CSS2 0.33µF 2 3 C2 0.1µF FB2P 7 1 LT3471 C1 4.7µF SHDN/SS2 GND FB2N IOUT1 20mA 4 R1 90.9k 10 WHITE LEDs R2 10k 5 SW2 11 6 4.99Ω L2 2.2µH VIN D2 C4 0.22µF IOUT2 20mA C1, C2: X5R OR X7R 6.3V C3, C4: X5R OR X7R 50V D1, D2: ON SEMICONDUCTOR MBRM-140 L1, L2: SUMIDA CDRH2D-2R2 10 WHITE LEDs 4.99Ω 3471 TA04 3471f 13 LT3471 U TYPICAL APPLICATIO S Li-Ion or 4-Cell Alkaline to 3.3V and 5V SEPIC C3 4.7µF L1 10µH D1 VIN CONTROL 1 1.8V OV 10 RSS1 4.7k 9 SW1 SHDN/SS1 FB1N CSS1 0.33µF FB1P 8 VIN 2.6V TO 6.5V CONTROL 2 1.8V OV L2 10µH RSS2 4.7k VREF VIN CSS2 0.33µF 1 2 R1 34.8k C2 0.1µF FB2P SHDN/SS2 GND C4 15µF R2 15k 3 LT3471 C1 4.7µF 7 C7 56pF VOUT1 3.3V 640mA AT VIN = 6.5V 550mA AT VIN = 5V 470mA AT VIN = 4V 410mA AT VIN = 3.3V 340mA AT VIN = 2.6V FB2N 4 5 SW2 11 6 L3 10µH C5 10µF D2 VIN C1, C3, C5: X5R OR X7R 10V C4, C6: X5R OR X7R 6.3V D1, D2: ON SEMICONDUCTOR MBRM-120 L1-L4: MURATA LQH43CN100K032 L4 10µH C6 15µF C8 R3 56pF 60.4k R4 15k VOUT2 5V 500mA AT VIN = 6.5V 420mA AT VIN = 5V 360mA AT VIN = 4V 300mA AT VIN = 3.3V 250mA AT VIN = 2.6V 3471 TA05 3471f 14 LT3471 U PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO DD Package 10-Lead Plastic DFN (3mm × 3mm) (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1698) 0.675 ±0.05 3.50 ±0.05 1.65 ±0.05 2.15 ±0.05 (2 SIDES) PACKAGE OUTLINE 0.25 ± 0.05 0.50 BSC 2.38 ±0.05 (2 SIDES) RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD PITCH AND DIMENSIONS R = 0.115 TYP 6 3.00 ±0.10 (4 SIDES) 0.38 ± 0.10 10 1.65 ± 0.10 (2 SIDES) PIN 1 TOP MARK (SEE NOTE 6) (DD10) DFN 1103 5 0.200 REF 1 0.25 ± 0.05 0.50 BSC 0.75 ±0.05 0.00 – 0.05 2.38 ±0.10 (2 SIDES) BOTTOM VIEW—EXPOSED PAD NOTE: 1. DRAWING TO BE MADE A JEDEC PACKAGE OUTLINE M0-229 VARIATION OF (WEED-2). CHECK THE LTC WEBSITE DATA SHEET FOR CURRENT STATUS OF VARIATION ASSIGNMENT 2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 3. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS 4. DIMENSIONS OF EXPOSED PAD ON BOTTOM OF PACKAGE DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH, IF PRESENT, SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.15mm ON ANY SIDE 5. EXPOSED PAD SHALL BE SOLDER PLATED 6. SHADED AREA IS ONLY A REFERENCE FOR PIN 1 LOCATION ON THE TOP AND BOTTOM OF PACKAGE 3471f Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. 15 LT3471 U TYPICAL APPLICATIO 5V to ±12V Dual Supply Boost/Inverting Converter L1 10µH D1 VIN 10 CONTROL 1 1.8V OV 4.7k 9 SW1 SHDN/SS1 FB1N FB1P 0.33µF 8 VIN 5V CONTROL 2 1.8V OV VREF VIN 0.33µF SHDN/SS2 GND FB2N 4 5 C7 56pF 6 • VIN R3 15k SW2 11 L2 10µH C3 4.7µF R2 4.99k 3 C2 0.1µF FB2P 7 2 LT3471 C1 4.7µF 4.7k R1 C6 56pF 54.9k 1 VOUT1 12V 320mA R4 182k • C5 1µF D2 L3 10µH C4 4.7µF VOUT2 –12V 200mA 3471 TA06 C1, C2: X5R OR X7R 6.3V C3, C4: X5R OR X7R 16V C5: X5R OR X7R 25V D1, D2: ON SEMICONDUCTOR MBRM-120 L1: SUMIDA CR43-10 L2, L3: SUMIDA CLS63-10 RELATED PARTS PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS LT1611 550mA (ISW), 1.4MHz, High Efficiency Micropower Inverting DC/DC Converter VIN: 1.1V to 10V, VOUT(MAX) = –34V, IQ = 3mA, ISD < 1µA, ThinSOT Package LT1613 550mA (ISW), 1.4MHz, High Efficiency Step-Up DC/DC Converter VIN: 0.9V to 10V, VOUT(MAX) = 34V, IQ = 3mA, ISD < 1µA, ThinSOT Package LT1614 750mA (ISW), 600kHz, High Efficiency Micropower Inverting DC/DC Converter VIN: 1V to 12V, VOUT(MAX) = –24V, IQ = 1mA, ISD < 10µA, MS8, S8 Packages LT1615/LT1615-1 300mA/80mA (ISW), High Efficiency Step-Up DC/DC Converters VIN = 1V to 15V, VOUT(MAX) = 34V, IQ = 20µA, ISD < 1µA, ThinSOT Package LT1617/LT1617-1 350mA/100mA (ISW), High Efficiency Micropower Inverting DC/DC Converters VIN = 1.2V to 15V, VOUT(MAX) = –34V, IQ = 20µA, ISD < 1µA, ThinSOT Package LT1930/LT1930A 1A (ISW), 1.2MHz/2.2MHz, High Efficiency Step-Up DC/DC Converters VIN: 2.6V to 16V, VOUT(MAX) = 34V, IQ = 4.2mA/5.5mA, ISD < 1µA, ThinSOT Package LT1931/LT1931A 1A (ISW), 1.2MHz/2.2MHz High Efficiency Micropower Inverting VIN = 2.6V to 16V, VOUT(MAX) = –34V, IQ = 5.8mA, ISD < 1µA, DC/DC Converters ThinSOT Package LT1943 (Quad) Quad Boost, 2.6A Buck, 2.6A Boost, 0.3A Boost, 0.4A Inverter 1.2MHz TFT DC/DC Converter VIN = 4.5V to 22V, VOUT(MAX) = 40V, IQ = 10µA, ISD < 35µA, TSSOP28E Package LT1945 (Dual) Dual Output, Boost/Inverter, 350mA (ISW), Constant Off-Time, High Efficiency Step-Up DC/DC Converter VIN = 1.2V to 15V, VOUT(MAX) = ±34V, IQ = 40µA, ISD < 1µA, 10-Lead MS Package LT1946/LT1946A 1.5A (ISW), 1.2MHz/2.7MHz, High Efficiency Step-Up DC/DC Converters VIN: 2.45V to 16V, VOUT(MAX) = 34V, IQ = 3.2mA, ISD < 1µA, MS8 Package LT3436 3A (ISW), 1MHz, 34V Step-Up DC/DC Converter VIN: 3V to 25V, VOUT(MAX) = 34V, IQ = 0.9mA, ISD < 6µA, TSSOP16E Package LT3462/LT3462A 300mA (ISW), 1.2MHz/2.7MHz, High Efficiency Inverting DC/DC Converters with Integrated Schottkys VIN = 2.5V to 16V, VOUT(MAX) = –38V, IQ = 2.9mA, ISD < 1µA, ThinSOT Package LT3463/LT3463A Dual Output, Boost/Inverter, 250mA (ISW), Constant Off-Time, High Efficiency Step-Up DC/DC Converters with Integrated Schottkys VIN = 2.3V to 15V, VOUT(MAX) = ±40V, IQ = 40µA, ISD < 1µA, DFN Package LT3464 85mA (ISW), High Efficiency Step-Up DC/DC Converter with Integrated Schottky and PNP Disconnect VIN = 2.3V to 10V, VOUT(MAX) = 34V, IQ = 25µA, ISD < 1µA, ThinSOT Package 3471f 16 Linear Technology Corporation LT/TP 0804 1K • PRINTED IN USA 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417 (408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear.com © LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2004


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Bloomberg Businessweek|June 08, 2020
The Delaware county of New Castle is home to about 560,000 people, more than half the state's population, and like most American communities during the federal government's bungling of its initial pandemic response, it struggled with conflicting information and severe limitations on Covid-19 testing. Given the mess, County Executive Matt Meyer says, he was ready to consider any option that could provide better intel. So in April, New Castle began to gauge coronavirus infections using a data point collected from an unusual source: poop.
The county has been participating in a pro bono program run by Biobot Analytics, a startup in Cambridge, Mass., that analyzes the virus's concentration in sewage to estimate the number of people infected in a given area. The Biobot founders say that by gauging where infections are rising or falling over time, Meyer and other officials can make better decisions about public health. That could mean relaxing social distancing restrictions when conditions improve or preparing local hospitals for a surge of patients when coronavirus-in sewage levels spike. "My job right now," Meyer says, "is to get us out of this however we can."
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June 08, 2020

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You Are Enough
When you embark on the path of your own healing, there are a few realizations that will shock you at first, but you will soon come to reason with. Don't shy away from your revelation. It will help you find your TRUTH.
You seek validation often forgetting that YOU are ENOUGH!
You seek love because you give it so freely, why shouldn't it be given in return
You seek approval not understanding that you have set yourself up to fear a false failure – the belief that unless all you seek happens, you have failed.
You seek success not realizing that you have yielded your power to negativity and other unqualified folk's perception of you.
Your life is just that - YOUR LIFE! Learn to live it on your terms.
Validate yourself by loving you first and seeking the approval of your own conscious and watch how quickly success comes to you based on your perception of you - Mistakes and ALL!
Be Grateful for YOURSELF!
Leave a Reply.
Sista's Blog Keeper
Not here to counsel you, not claiming to know all the answers, not trying to change your mind, not trying to direct your path. Here to listen, here to share, here to let you know that a Sista cares.
November 2019


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Stands & Specifications. • Human factors Standards and specifications. User Aids . CR SAE J ; SAE J ; SAE J ; SAE J ; TMC RP Vehicle Electronic Programming Stations (VEPS) System Specification for Programming The software interfaces are described in SAE J and SAE J W. A., , Iron and steel. IMI. Maardt, J. G., & Erichsen, E. J. (Jensen), , Pro[ducing and utilising gas and heat. Maas, J., , Indicating and registering.
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Design-Build of a Form SAE J specifies the recommended practices for a Win32?
Project Manager – MEP | Job in Gulf Job Search (MEP-J) | MEP Job Gulf
Because the customization is performed using both OEM-provided and vendorprovided software, the roles and responsibilities of the vendor and OEM elements must be defined to permit the development of common vendor software elements for all Original Equipment Manufacturers OEMs.
SAE J identifies the system resources of a Win32? VEPS can be achieved. Each major vehicle component has multiple vendors who compete for component sales in OEM markets.
SAE J provides such a solution. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.
SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.
Project Manager – MEP | Job (MEP-J2286) | MEP Job Gulf
As an example, features such as cruise control and road s speed limiting require that controllers be calibrated with specific information related to the equipment installed on the vehicle such as tire size, rear axle ratio, and desired operating speeds. Programmable parameters identify the information items needed to calibrate the controllers. The parameter file is interpreted by a Vendor Component Program VCP that performs the specified programming specificaton a common communication interface.
The programming result for each parameter is sepcification as a record in the verification file.
The definition and remarks files document the parameters that can be programmed in the Vendor Component. Also, this zpecification the need to use multiple RS communications ports for Vendor Interface Tools. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest version of SAE publications shall apply. Win32 is a specificatiln of Microsoft, Inc. Objectives to be met by VEPS include: Provide positive indications of programming results.
Simplify communications with the vehicle network. The figure shows four assembly jobs progressing down the assembly line. Jobs 1 and 2 have been programmed. Job 3 is being programmed, and job 4 will be presented to the programming station.
The station has identified that job 3 was presented to it for programming and initiated the programming process. The preceding steps represent the minimum requirements to support spwcification execution of the VCP. The VCP only needs to support one component or family of components produced by an individual vendor. Anyone is welcome to employ this RP in implementing software systems for ECU reprogramming and communication. It contains records identifying the status of the VCP programming session.
The verification file format is defined by SAE J It contains records which describe the parameters supported by the VCP, including default value, lower limit, upper limit, etc. The definition file format is defined by SAE J The VCP runs as a separate Windows? The status of the VEPS communications session, as well as the programming status of each parameter is written to the verification file.
Upon termination, the VCP supplies an exit code. See Figure 9 and 6. Optionally, the OEM shop floor program can read the verification file to determine the status.
STEP 8— If the exit code indicates that an error has occurred during the programming session, the OEM shop floor program can read and parse the verification file to determine the cause of the error. This directory will be created and named by the OEM. The exit codes are defined by the following Component Error Code table see Table 1: The OEM must be able to inhibit this feature if desired.
The vendor also has the option of providing immediate, graphical feedback to the OEM when a critical error is encountered by the VCP. The feedback should be done with a simple message box. SAE J describes the application of the Win32? Because the customization is performed using both OEM-provided and vendor-provided software, the roles and specigication of the vendor and OEM elements must be defined to permit the development specificationn common vendor software elements for all Original Equipment Manufacturers OEMs.


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Produced with 100% organic bananas, baby rice and a small pinch of lemon juice. The pouch is perfect and yummy for babies, with no lumps or bits and nothing artificial. 120ml.
Item Details:
No added sugar, salt or water. No additives, no E numbers or GM, no wheat, dairy or gluten!
Nutritional Information:
Per 100g:
Energy: 422kJ / 166 kCal, Protein: 1.2g, Carbohydrate: 22.2g, of which sugars: 19.0g, Fat: 0.3g, of which saturates: 0.1g, Fibre: 1.6g, Sodium: <0.01g.
Organic bananas 82%, Organic blueberries 15%, Organic ground brown rice 3%, Organic lemon juice concentrate (a dash).


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2020-6-11laboratory crusher pulverier malaysia As a leading global manufacturer of crushing equipment milling equipmentdressing equipmentdrying equipment and briquette equipment etc.
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Jabra PanaCast launched in India for $895
- Unique 180-degree plug-and-play video and connected experience combined with real-time detection and learning
- Combines world's first AI-enabled intelligent panoramic video with 150-year expertise in sound
- Ensures a naturally immersive experience, elevating conference call solutions and fostering true collaboration
- Building trust, driving higher engagement and ultimately achieving better business outcomes faster
Jabra, leader in audio and communications solutions, now launches the Jabra PanaCast, engineered to be the world's first smart Panoramic-4K Plug-and-Play video solution Certified for Microsoft Teams. With this, Jabra strengthens its foothold in solutions for office huddle rooms. This real-time immersive intelligent vision system offers 180-degree panoramic vision which ensures everyone in the room is seen. Jabra PanaCast provides unique value for huddle rooms and spaces, delivering wall-to-wall video, audio and data, which is critical for modern video collaboration.
Jabra's portfolio has always focused on solutions that enhance productivity through improved concentration, conversation and collaboration. With Jabra PanaCast, Jabra will be combining its 150-year expertise in sound with industry-first video technology to deliver the most collaborative huddle room experience to date.
Jabra PanaCast is the world's first intelligent panoramic video collaboration device with three 13-megapixel cameras, working together as one via core technology embedded in the built-in Jabra PanaCast Vision Processor. The multi-camera array solution offers a full 180-degree panoramic field of view delivering a naturally immersive experience – a key element in building trust, driving higher engagement and ultimately achieving better business outcomes faster. The panoramic video gives everyone in the room equal participation, fostering healthy discussion and true collaboration – despite not being in the same room.
Wall-to-wall coverage
Jabra PanaCast's leading-edge cameras and microphones, fourth-generation stitching technology and Intelligent Vision software work as one to ensure optimal performance. Now any room can be used to video conference with wall-to-wall coverage in Panoramic-4K video. Jabra PanaCast enables companies to make use of their full meeting spaces, eliminating the approximately 40 per cent room wastage seen with conventional camera solutions.
Intelligent resource management
Jabra PanaCast's built-in people detection technologies will provide the possibility of system-wide business intelligence by capturing accurate usage and occupancy information. As AV and IT become more and more integrated, the need for accurate data and metrics increases. The upcoming Jabra PanaCast API will enable developers and partners to query the system for real-time information, such as people count data.
The advanced AI utilizes a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to count the number of people in the field of view, up to 12m away, and provide numeric data which organisations can use to inform decisions on calendar management, room utilisation and resource management, or to automate facility assets' power management, such as TV monitors, lights, videoconferencing equipment and more. The technology will be available through the Jabra PanaCast API built for the Windows operating system and can be used for large areas like classrooms, auditoriums and general gatherings.
Dr. Amitesh Punhani, Country Marketing Manager, India & SAARC, Jabra said: "We understand the needs of our consumers and always strive towards delivering products that are at par with changing technology. Jabra PanaCast will help our enterprise customers attain optimal workplace productivity and collaboration through both audio and video technology."
Peter Jayaseelan, Managing Director, South Asia said "India is a key market for us and we are dedicated to help our customers enhance their productivity by communicating and collaborating more effectively. The recent acquisition of Altia Systems allows us to expand as an integrated audio and video communication solutions provider. Jabra PanaCast video solution will strengthen our enterprise portfolio. It's unique 180 degrees panoramic-4K plug and play video solution will help us deliver superlative experience in easy to use video conferencing and fully utilize the huddle spaces."
Bringing the huddle room to life
Jabra's leading conference speakerphone series "Speak" can be integrated with PanaCast to further optimise the UC experience, enabling users to hold meetings wherever they may be without having to compromise on clear audio quality. Jabra's unique technology boasts an omni-directional microphone and HD Voice – providing 360-degree coverage and picking up sounds from any angle.
Jabra PanaCast provides unique value for huddle rooms and spaces, ticking all the boxes critical for modern video collaboration. It easily mounts on a digital display or on a wall with available mounting hardware. The USB based connection allows connection to any compatible device for instant setup and mobile meeting capability.
The solution is compatible with popular cloud-based solutions including Microsoft Teams, Skype, Zoom, Cisco WebEx, Slack, Google Hangouts, GoToMeeting, Unify Circuit, BlueJeans and more, so people can plug-and-play in seconds with their existing collaboration services by simply plugging the device into the computer USB port.
Key features and specifications:
- Simple plug-and-play operation with no software required via a single USB cable
- 180-degree panoramic view seamlessly integrates video from three cameras with real-time dynamic stitching embedded in the onboard Jabra PanaCast Vision Processor
- Certified for Microsoft Teams
- Naturally inclusive and immersive experience gives everyone equal participation
- Crystal clear sound that picks up every voice in the room
- 0% wasted space with industry-first multi-camera array system
- Intelligent Vision (AI) products sense, anticipate and adjust automatically so people can focus on their meeting and discussion
- Industry-first Intelligent Zoom autonomously and continuously optimises the field of view to include everyone in the conversation
- Jabra PanaCast Vivid 2.0 automatically adjusts the video properties to optimise the video experience under varying light conditions
- The upcoming open and standards-based API provides data for companies and ecosystem partners to build value added services that can help optimise workflows, automate room/calendar management, enable green energy initiatives like automatically turning off unused equipment (smart building capabilities enablement).
Pricing and availability:
Jabra PanaCast will be available at all Jabra authorized resellers from Sept 2019 at USD 895 ex-works.
About Jabra
Jabra is a leader in engineering communications and sound solutions – innovating to empower both consumers and businesses. Proudly part of the GN Group, we are committed to letting people hear more, do more, and be more than they ever thought possible. Through sound and video, we help transform lives. Jabra engineering excellence leads the way, building on 150 years of pioneering work. This allows us to create integrated headsets and communications tools that help professionals work more productively; wireless headphones and earbuds that let consumers better enjoy calls, music, and media; and pioneering video conferencing solutions, enabling seamless collaboration between distributed teams. Jabra employs approx. 1,400 people worldwide, and reported annual revenue of DKK 4,7bn in 2018. The GN Group, founded in 1869, operates in 100 countries and delivers innovation, reliability, and ease of use. Today, GN employs 6000 people, and is Nasdaq Copenhagen listed. GN makes life sound better. www.jabra.com
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9 Comments
So this most recent photo shoot I was on was an older home sitting on a .93 Acre lot high above the Pacific Ocean. The house itself isn't what's going to sell the property, the property is what's going to sell it!Although I really liked the interior and had fun shooting it, the Realtor was lookin...
Here's a little article I did for our local paper. It was placed smack dab in the middle of the real estate section, and I've had quite a few people comment on it.Photographs are powerful bait. Good ones can lure buyers; poor ones can turn them away. Spring is in the air and the real estate mark...
4 Comments
I did a 360° virtual tour of a 75 year old cottage in Gibsons this week. This gem sits high above the pacific ocean with views that stretch to Vancouver Island. It was so deserving of the best images I could capture, so I really took my time, both in taking them and in post processing.


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THE LAMP IN THE SPINE No. 6 / Spring 1973
by MOORE, James and Patricia Hampl
- Used
- paperback
- First
- Condition
- Very good +
- Seller
Silver Spring, Maryland
Item Price:
US$3.99 shipping to USA
Standard Delivery: 7 to 14 days
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Standard Delivery: 7 to 14 days
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About This Item
St. Paul, 1973. First Edition. Wraps. Very good +. 8vo. Yellow wraps. Light edgewear and some spotting to front cover. 112pp. Very good plus.
Sixth issue of this literary magazine, with work by Gene Frumkin, Michael Lally, Laura Beausoleil, Gredric Matteson, and many others.
Sixth issue of this literary magazine, with work by Gene Frumkin, Michael Lally, Laura Beausoleil, Gredric Matteson, and many others.
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- Bookseller
- Brian Cassidy Bookseller at Type Punch Matrix (US)
- Bookseller Inventory #
- 23109
- Title
- THE LAMP IN THE SPINE No. 6 / Spring 1973
- Author
- MOORE, James and Patricia Hampl
- Format/binding
- Wraps
- Book condition
- Used - Very good +
- Quantity available
- 1
- Edition
- First Edition
- Binding
- Paperback
- Place of Publication
- St. Paul
- Date published
- 1973
Terms of Sale
Brian Cassidy Bookseller at Type Punch Matrix
Payment by check or money order (made out to "Type Punch Matrix"), VISA, MasterCard, Discover, American Express, Paypal ([email protected]). All books subject to prior sale. New customers are asked to prepay. Libraries, institutions, and established customers and dealers may be invoiced. Reciprocal trade courtesies extended.
About the Seller
Brian Cassidy Bookseller at Type Punch Matrix
Biblio.co.uk member since: 2004
Silver Spring, Maryland
Ask Seller a Question
About Brian Cassidy Bookseller at Type Punch Matrix
Brian Cassidy Bookseller is the counterculture department of Type Punch Matrix, a rare book firm founded in 2019 by Rebecca Romney and Brian Cassidy. BCB @ TPM specializes in the avant garde in all its various guises, including: The Beats; artists' books; poetry; small journals and magazines (especially those associated with the Mimeo Revolution); modern and contemprary art; photography; music; archives and appraisals; as well as vernacular, folk, and outsider books of all kinds. We are always looking to purchase books within my areas of interest, from single titles to collections. Please inquire.
Some terminology that may be used in this description includes:
- First Edition
- In book collecting, the first edition is the earliest published form of a book. A book may have more than one first edition in...[more]
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Does anyone have a gentle donkey we can use for Las Posadas, the re-enactment of Mary and Joseph's journey to Bethlehem? It is for the Trust for Historic Preservation and the burro will be paid for its efforts. He would be ridden by a little 6 year old girl.
I was recently told by a friend that someone in town will pay me for the working parts of my broken dishwasher, but he couldn't remember who it was. Great readers of Edhat, anyone know who this could be? Thanks!
Where's the best place to have my dog's nails trimmed? I heard there are two women on W. Mission St. who clip canine nails for $5.00 and do a great job, but I have no idea where these women are actually located. Any good, trustworthy doggie nail-trimmer references greatly appreciated.
Anyone know of a glass-cutter who does fine detail work? I need three 10" x 5" glass panels cut to shape and etched to match my antique porch lamp. Thank you in advance for any help with this.
Does anyone have a suggestion for a dentist that takes Delta Dental?
Does anyone have a referral for an affordable and helpful divorce attorney in town?
Looking for a reputable dermatologist in town who is accepting new patients.
Can edhat readers recommend a good local dentist?


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Buick LaCrosse: Trip/Fuel Menu Items
Press MENU on the turn signal
lever until Trip/Fuel Information
Menu is displayed. Use to
scroll through the following menu
• Digital Speedometer
• Trip 1
• Trip 2
• Power Flow Gauge (eAssist Only)
• Fuel Range
• Average Fuel Economy/Instantaneous Fuel Economy
• Average Vehicle Speed
• Timer
• Navigation
DIC ButtonsA. SET/CLR: Press to set or clear the menu item when it is displayed. B. (Thumbwheel): Use to scroll through the items in each menu. A small marker will move across the bottom of the pag ...
Digital SpeedometerThe speedometer shows how fast the vehicle is moving in either kilometers per hour (km/h) or miles per hour (mph). The speedometer cannot be reset. ...
See also:
Advanced Key Suspend Function
If an advanced key is left in the vehicle, the functions of the advanced key left in the vehicle are temporarily suspended to prevent theft of the vehicle. The following are inoperable: - Starting ...
Storage compartments in the
cargo area
Net Smaller objects can be stored in the net on the side of the cargo area. To transport larger objects, it can be pushed down. Multi-function hook A multi-function hook is available on the le ...
When traveling or registering your vehicle in
another country
When planning to drive your NISSAN vehicle in another country, you should first find out if the fuel available is suitable for your vehicle's engine. Using fuel with an octane rating that is too ...


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Walking Washington
History on the hoof
Wednesday, June 8, 2016
"Located in the most remote corner of the continental United States, hunkered below a wilderness cascading down from the mountains, early Bellingham… had ambition," writes historian Judy Bentley in jer new book, Walking Washington's History.
Bellingham is one of 10 Washington cities that Bentley provides brief but engaging historical overviews for, along with walking routes that explore our region's past on foot (or bicycle). Seattle, Olympia, Walla Walla, Everett, and Yakima are other destinations that Bentley—who also wrote the bestselling Hiking Washington's History—explores and interprets for her readers.
Each tour is a loop from two to seven miles long, with each city chosen to represent a distinct chapter in the post-European settling and development of the Evergreen State: Vancouver as the earliest significant settlement in the Pacific Northwest, Port Townsend as an important port of call for sailing ships in the mid-1800s, Spokane symbolic of urban renewal and reinvention efforts of the 1970s, and so forth.
Bellingham, in a chapter subtitled "Reluctant City," is symbolic of the many frenzied waves of resource extraction that created booms and busts throughout our region: coal, gold, timber and salmon.
The walking route begins at the totem "story pole" in front of the Whatcom County Courthouse depicting settlers Henry Roeder and Russell Peabody in a canoe with Lummi tribal leaders Ts-likw and Cha-wit-zit. It then crosses Pickett Bridge, taking in Whatcom Falls before strolling the Old Village Trail up Peabody Hill to the Pickett House—the oldest wooden building in Washington state still on its foundation. This short section of the walk proffers tales of early U.S. Army presence in the Washington Territory, sawmills and timber economics, a utopian commune from Kansas and relations with the local tribes.
The history tour continues through downtown, follows the waterfront to Fairhaven, then circles up South Hill, winding around the Western Washington University campus before bringing the sojourner back to the courthouse. Along with directions and a map, Bentley interprets what you are seeing all along the way, and why it matters in the century-and-a-half story of Bellingham's development.
Did you know the City of Subdued Excitement has the first and oldest brick building in Washington state? Do you know why downtown has so many odd triangle intersections? Interested in knowing how Railroad Avenue got its name, where the Sehome coal mine was or the story behind the Big Tin Rock between the shoreline and the Boulevard over-water walkway? Curious about which city park was designed by the famous Olmsted Brothers and which library was funded by steel magnate Andrew Carnegie?
As Bellingham continues to transform itself again, it is wise to remember where we've come from. There are stories in the ground beneath our feet, dashed dreams lingering in the air, as well as legacies of benevolent forethought from a not-so-distant past all around us.
Bentley's new book is available through the University of Washington Press and at local bookstores.
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Neil Young has shared a new, archival video of his and Crazy Horse's performance of "Farmer John." The rendition comes from Neil Young & Crazy Horse's Nov. 13, 1990 at the Catalyst in Santa Cruz, Calif. The footage comes from Young's upcoming live release Rust Bucket.
Young shared a brief note along with the new video. "This was the first song I ever lost my mind playing electric guitar on!" he wrote. He then reminisces on when he was first performing the song live with The Squires, one of his first bands. "I remember that night in Fort William Ontario at the 4th Dimension Club with the Squires, when I first started to play the solo and just lost it. It went on for a long time. I didn't even know what I was doing!"
To watch the archival performance, head over to the Neil Young Archives, or click here.


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Eye For Film >> Search >> 'Sam Harris'
Emotions bleed at an Aussie high school.
A documentary challenging the historicity of Jesus Christ.
After publicly clashing in a debate over the concept of Islamic reform in the Muslim world, prominent atheist philosopher Sam Harris and Islamist-turned-liberal-Muslim Maajid Nawaz reconnect in an attempt at civil and honest dialogue.
Stay-At-Home Seven: July 6 to 12 Suggestions of films to catch on TV and streaming services this week.
Morricone: 'The Mozart of film music' Memories of an encounter with the maestro, who has died at 91
Streaming spotlight: dog days The best of canine cinema you can catch online
Setting the pace Riyaana Hartley on Lella Lombardi, Beyond Driven and women in Formula One
San Sebastian announces titles Plans going ahead for physical edition of the festival
London Film Festival announces hybrid edition 50 virtual festival premieres in programme
We're bringing you all the latest from Sheffield DocFest and the Edinburgh International Film Festival online selection.
We're looking forward to the Fantasia International Film Festival.
We've recently been covering the Cheltenham International Film Festival, the Chattanooga Film Festival and the Tribeca Film Festival online selection.
Read our full archive for more.
Visit our festivals section.
More competitions coming soon.


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COVID-19 Resources for Farmers
https://vetmed.umn.edu/sites/vetmed.umn.edu/files/covid19_and_barn_recommendations_-_spanish.pdf University of Nebraska Medical Center Infographic: COVID-19 and Health on the Feedlot https ... https://vet.osu.edu/sites/vet.osu.edu/files/documents/extension/COVID-19%20Handout_SPANISH.pdf University of Minnesota Swine Disease Eradication Center Practical biosecurity recommendations ... Agricultural Operations Resouces: Navigating COVID-19 on the Farm Questions Regarding the Novel Coronavirus on ...
Leasing Your Land for Shale & Solar
governments may have on shale and solar projects. These sessions will be focused on surface and subsurface ... webinar will be focused on utility-scale solar projects while the other two sessions will cover oil and ... & Resource Law. Q&A with the energy experts from OSU and Ohio Farm Bureau will be held at the ...
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Business: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Safety Systems" and featured speakers from the ... food safety for consumers in the midst of the pandemic. Congratulations to Walaa Hussein on receiving ... Abigail Krentz on being named 2020 IFT Feeding Tomorrow scholarship recipients. Congratulations to FST PhD ...
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Anthocyanins: Modulating Photochromism and Its Impact on Bioaccessibility. Life was busy—extracting samples, ... to a new working environment and the changes in day-to-day life brought on by the virus, she was also ... a given moment." On top of family dynamics, Ellia finds herself struggling with motivation and efficiency ...
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Kevin De Bruyne has refused to rule out a move back to the Premier League despite his club Wolfsburg insisting he will not be sold, as reported by MailOnline.
The former Chelsea youngster has been linked with a move to Manchester City this summer after impressing in the Bundesliga last term by recording 20 assists and being named the best player in Germany.
WANT MORE? >> Man City transfer news | Chelsea transfer news
Wolfsburg sporting director Klaus Allofs recently claimed De Bruyne was 99.99% staying at the club amidst strong rumours of interest from Man City.
But the Belgium international has hinted that he would be open to a move away from Wolfsburg, with a return to England most likely on the cards.
He said: "I am not the one telling the people I am definitely going to stay, just to move on two weeks later.
"You always have to keep these things without a definitive statement. I believe people know the way I am. I am just trying to stay loyal and tell the truth."
The winger's words will have caught the eye of City boss Manuel Pellegrini, who is hopeful of further improving his attacking options before the transfer window closes.
Man City have already signed Liverpool's Raheem Sterling for £49m this summer and appear to be prepared to spends another big fee to bring De Bruyne to the Etihad Stadium.


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Students are expected to remove their outdoor footwear upon entering the building. Parents are encouraged to set a good example by removing wet footwear as well. Students require indoor shoes or running shoes for safety reasons . We ask that black-soled shoes be avoided as they leave black marks on our floors. Running shoes must be worn for gym.
Whether your child is bused, walks to school or is driven, Calgary's unpredictable weather can see the temperature change drastically in a very short time. Regularly all children go outside to play. Please ensure your children are dressed appropriately to be outside every day whether it is cold, snowy, rainy or sunny.
RT @yyCBEdu: If you think your child may be riding the yellow school bus next year, please register by June 30. You can change your mind with no financial penalty if you decide to make different travel arrangements after routes and travel details are released https://t.co/WGt7Z5he0W #WeAreCBE https://t.co/2gPO63Br7h
RT @yyCBEdu: We will be emailing updates to families this summer about re-entry in September. Please make sure your school has your correct email address and you are subscribed to receive all messages https://t.co/oqz9WeTPy2 #yycbe #WeAreCBE https://t.co/6VGnqx6Er5
RT @CBELearningTech: At year end all teachers should be archiving each of their Google classrooms. https://t.co/GHZRq8o9tm
RT @MPS_CBE: A lot of MPS staff love this quote from Maya Angelou! Check her out, her words are truly inspirational! We miss you MPS and are here if you need us! #reachout #MayaAngelou #WeAreCBE @UsihChristopher @albertateachers @schill_dawg https://t.co/XWrBe17FtL
RT @tricksterAB: Meet Trickster Artist Ryan! Check out Ryan's Tricksters At Home video tomorrow at 1:00pm MST on Trickster Theatre's YouTube channel.
#puppets #shoebox #crafts #artsandcrafts #Toiletpaper #sharing #Caring #respect #Soicialdistancing #makeyourowntheatre https://t.co/6M4xOxbA1F


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I believe that extension worked... if I "copy plain text"...the auto trim feature within Mozilla removes excess white space...while the simple "copy" does not... thanks again for your help....I appreciate it a lot...
Perry said
I've already tried that method of copying...by selecting the area...right click ...copy as plain text...
Oh, I assumed you were using the built-in "Copy" function. I think McCoy has spotted the problem.
Hello Perry,
Maybe you could ask "erosman", the author of the
"Copy PlainText 1.10" extension that you have installed ?
Jscher...thanks... but I've already tried that method of copying...by selecting the area...right click ...copy as plain text... and putting it into my dev environment of Intellij or into a notepad document, it still removes the white spaces... I'll take a snip so you can see before and after....
it appears either the interface of mozilla isn't recognizing the white space... it works with google chrome and that recognizes the white space in my logs...but mozilla doesnt recognize it... I was hoping it was a setting or configuration that isn't allowing white space recognition ... any other suggestions?
Hi Perry, Firefox puts two formats (at least) on the clipboard. Plain text preserves extra spaces; HTML does not. So what you get from the clipboard depends on the format preferred by the receiving program.
For example, this paragraph will paste with extra spaces in a form field (textarea) but in a rich text editor, the spaces might be removed because the browser or other program preferentially uses the HTML.
Note: Firefox 64 is no longer supported. Currently, we support Firefox 74.0 and the Extended Support Release of Firefox 68. The foregoing is based on Firefox 74.0.


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2020-06-24Legal analysis of the criminal cases commenced in connection with the June 20-21, 2019 events
2020-06-24Problems related with the occupation and silent government
As a result of the shifted occupation line, additional 15 hectares of the land was occupied in Takhtisdziri village in Kareli municipality.
2020-06-24ადამიანის უფლებათა ცენტრის ფილმი და დისკუსია
Metting with Irakli Okruashvili Human Rights Center published 2019 Report of its activities The Constitutional Court of Georgia accepted the Constitutional Lawsuit of Human Rights Center Legal Assessment of the Criminal Cases Launched against Giorgi Ugulava Report of Human Rights Center – "Human Rights in the State of Emergency" Archive
Do you support the idea to restore Irakli Shotadze to the position of the prosecutor general?
Women – victims of violence
Growing older has one more privilege besides the years-long experience – you personally participate in the change of public opinions. These changes are
ქალ პატიმართა მოლოდინები
Sexual Minorities in Georgian Prisons
Forgotten by government veterans
Every year, fewer and fewer veterans of the World War II meet the Victory Day. The society receives information about them only on
Villages of the Hopeless
What happened to Dream of Justice Revival?


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Saturday, August 3, 2019
Canterbury Tales Essay - Comparing The Wife of Bath Prologue and Tale :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays
The Wife of Bath: Similarities Between the Prologue and the Tale In The Canterbury Tales, written by Geoffrey Chaucer, The Wife of Bath seems to be one of the more vivacious characters on the pilgrimage. Dame Alice has radical views about women and marriage in a time when women were expected to be passive toward men. There are many things consistent between The Wife of Bath's prologue and her tale. The most apparent similarities that clearly depict the comparison between the prologue and the tale are dominance of both women over their husbands, the duplication of appearance between the old hag and Dame Alice and finally the reality is that the fifth husband and the knight are very alike in personality. Although there are some contrasts amid the prologue and the tale, the resemblance far outweigh them. To commence, The Wife of Bath, Dame Alice, is dominant over all five of her husbands and although she struggles with her fifth husband to gain the upper hand in the marriage, Dame Alice nevertheless in the end accomplishes her initial intention. Dame Alice seems to be only authentically happy when she has mastery over her husbands. They have to willingly hand over this power, consciously or unconsciously, because without their consent she has a battle on her hands, both challenging the other for ultimate superiority in the relationship. The old hag, likewise, gains control over her husband when the knight places her in the governing position and yet again as seen in the Wife of Bath's Prologue, the knight must consent to give up this power in order for the old hag to acquire it, for if he had not given her control of the partnership, both would have continued unhappily. Subsequently, a second relationship between the prologue and the tale is the description of both the old hag and the Wife of Bath, at least physically concerned. The Wife of Bath describes herself as old and lethargic, "But age, allas, that al wol envenime, Hath me biraft my beautee and my pith." (Chaucer: line 481-482). Although the physical description of Dame Alice is not as unpleasant as the portrait of the old woman, there is notable mimicry between the two women. The old woman is described by the knight as, "A fouler wight ther may no man devise." (Chaucer: line 1005), the old woman also quotes him later as saying she was "foul and old" (Chaucer: line 1219).
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How many of you readers are really "Undecided" about the election here in our little part of Pennsylvania? The results will be used in our weekly column "On the Record" next week. Please, no double votes or out-of-state residents.
Primary tabs
Donald Trump
50% (62 votes)
Hillary Clinton
43% (53 votes)
2% (3 votes)
I couldn't care less
4% (5 votes)
Total votes: 123