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Perfect Related Quotes
I have a real problem with watching movies where I see this perfect woman who is married to the man in question, who has a perfect life, who has perfect hair, perfect clothes, and doesn't give you any of the kind of reality that you're used to.
On a bike, being just slightly above pedestrian and car eye level, one gets a perfect view of the goings-on in one's own town.
"You couldn't have designed a more perfect training ground for young actors, with a sort of sensei (mentor) like with Francis, ... He just knew how to play each of us like a violin."
Christmas in Bethlehem. The ancient dream: a cold, clear night made brilliant by a glorious star, the smell of incense, shepherds and wise men falling to their knees in adoration of the sweet baby, the incarnation of perfect love.
"It's the perfect show to write on because you get to do everything. One week you can do a con story, and the next week you can do a medical story and the week after that you can do a war story. You can be funny and serious in the same episode. As a writer, it's just been the most amazing opportunity."


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James Syme, JOHCM Global Emerging Markets Opportunities, outlines the investment case for Russian equities, which have attractions despite the country's well-documented political and corporate governance issues.
For professional investors only.
Russia is an interesting market to analyse and invest in. The country runs a structural current account surplus (reaching 7.0% of GDP last year), and has exercised both impressive fiscal discipline and disciplined inflation-targeting monetary policy, leading to the sovereign foreign debt having an investment grade rating with each of the three main ratings agencies. Given these conditions, one might expect Russian financial markets to display low beta/strong dollar characteristics, like Taiwan and Malaysia, as opposed to high beta/carry-trade/weak dollar characteristics, like Brazil, Turkey and Indonesia. One would be wrong.
Russia has a high-beta, risk-on profile - in sovereign debt, in currencies and in equities. The MSCI Russia index has displayed a beta of 1.12 to the MSCI Emerging Markets index over the last five years, while volatility in the ruble and in Russian sovereign credit default swaps (CDS) has also been high over that period. There are two (related) drivers of this.
The first, unsurprisingly, is political and governance risk. This makes risk aversion particularly pronounced in Russian assets, especially when the risk seems systemic, as in 2014/15 when the US and EU were imposing sanctions on Russian companies and individuals in the wake of the Crimean conflict.
Secondly, and not unrelatedly, Russia has endemic capital flight, which amplifies in periods of risk-off as domestic depositors (remembering the twin economic crises of 1991 and 1998) dollarise their assets. In the five years to December 2018, Russia had an aggregate current account surplus of US$297bn and net FDI inflows of US$99bn, but foreign exchange reserves fell US$45bn in the period, reflecting the steady offshoring of capital.
Finally, the importance of energy to Russia cannot be overstated. Oil and gas make up more than 60% of Russian exports, more than 30% of GDP and almost 60% of the MSCI Russia index. Metals and mining is also a significant further contributor. This also gives the Russian economy, and Russian assets, great sensitivity to the oil price.
Russia: our assessment
These fundamentals in place, what do we see as the risks and opportunities of Russian equities for international investors? As always, we use our five-point framework to assess.
Growth: this remains disappointing in Russia. Real GDP growth has averaged 0.7% per year since 2012, one of the lowest growth rates in EM, and although there are some potential drivers for a higher rate, there is no immediate prospect for a shift to a much higher rate. Industrial production to May was +0.9% and nominal retail sales to April were +6.5%, while forecast real GDP growth for 2019 is only 1.4%. On the positive side, oil output has been running at near record levels of over 11m barrels per day (bpd) for the last year and oil prices have recovered from the 2015/16 low. There is also a potential boost to fiscal contribution in the second half of 2020, when the sovereign wealth fund reaches its target asset level of 7% of GDP, allowing domestic investment to recommence. The translation of this weak economic growth into earnings growth has been likewise disappointing, especially in some of the more domestic sectors. We are negative on the growth opportunity in Russia.
Monetary/liquidity/credit: this is positively affected by the Federal Reserve's expected move to easier monetary policy, by the legacy of the last few years' of hawkishness by the Central Bank of Russia (CBR, which we consider to be one of the finest central banks in the emerging world), but also by the liquidity implications of capital flight. The easier Fed allows emerging market central banks to cut rates (as many have in recent weeks, including the CBR), while Russia has policy rates of 7.5% and trailing CPI inflation of 5.1% (to May), allowing the CBR to continue to cut rates if inflation remains benign and the currency remain stable. However, the preference of Russian savers and investors to seek exposure outside Russia has meant that money supply growth (M2 +7.7% to April) and credit growth (total loans +13.5% YoY to April) have been modest. We are overall neutral on the Russian monetary/liquidity/credit opportunity.
Currency: here we are more positive. With domestic demand slow to recover, and with the step up in export revenues, the current account balance should remain strong, providing an underpin to a currency that already looked cheap. The historical relationship between the ruble oil price and the ruble disconnected in 2015 and has yet to recover. With yields seemingly heading down in developed economies, there is likely to be a continued bid for yielding assets, including the carry on emerging market currencies, including the ruble. The CBR has drawn attention to rising foreign participation in the domestic OFZ bond market, which indicates that this trend is already established.
Politics and governance: this has to be seen very negatively. Sensible and disciplined fiscal and monetary policy cannot offset the interlinked issues of highly compromised politics, extremely high levels of corruption, poor corporate governance, highly constrained media and civil society and difficult geopolitics. It is this last point where there has been the largest negative change in recent years. Assertive Russian foreign/military policy, notably in Ukraine and Syria, has brought Russia into conflict with the US and the EU. The related sanctions have been a major risk that has had to be priced in to Russian markets, with the tail risk of sanctions on sovereign debt (which would be catastrophic) still a possibility. Minor positive shifts (such as new dividend policies at state-owned enterprises) are irrelevant beside these bigger challenges.
Valuation: conversely, this is highly positive. Russian equities have always looked cheap compared to EM (partly because of industrial composition, but if this adjusted for, also on a peer-for-peer basis), but that discount has widened in recent years, while falling bond yields and interest rates also serve to underpin valuations. In particular, we would highlight the peer valuation discount that exists in more normally highly-rated sectors such as technology and consumer, as oil and gas and mining stocks are cheap everywhere.
Overall, we find opportunities in Russian equities and have a small overweight there. The combination of very cheap stocks and currency, even if growth and liquidity are unimpressive, is one to we wish to be exposed. We believe that corporate governance and political risk is higher in the commodity names. We choose to own higher quality names, with relatively stronger return on capital and relatively stronger balance sheets. In addition, our expectations of a stronger ruble point us to domestic sectors; accordingly, we own a bank, an industrial transport company and an online service/e-commerce company. We would become more positive on Russia if the domestic recovery could become more established; conversely, we remain very sensitive to political/sanctions risk, which could cause us to turn more negative.
Past performance is no guarantee of future performance.
Source: JOHCM/Bloomberg as at 21 June 2019.The value of an investment and the income from it can fall as well as rise as a result of market and currency fluctuations and you may not get back the amount originally invested. Investing in companies in emerging markets involves higher risk than investing in established economies or securities markets. Emerging Markets may have less stable legal and political systems, which could affect the safe-keeping or value of assets. The Fund's investments include shares in small-cap companies and these tend to be traded less frequently and in lower volumes than larger companies making them potentially less liquid and more volatile. The information contained herein including any expression of opinion is for information purposes only and is given on the understanding that it is not a recommendation.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Hidden History: Women Rulers Hidden in History
Sarah Eason
Publication Date:
1 Jun 2020
Crabtree Publishing Company
Ruling queens and politicians are not unusual today, but the stories of their ancestors are often lost in time. This amazing book brings the remarkable lives of ruling women to light, examining the historic evidence that women have always been great and powerful leaders. Discover rulers throughout history, from the most powerful women in Europe, such as Eleanor of Aquitaine, wife to one king and mother to two others, to Mandukhai Katan, Mongol ruler and "second Ghenghis Khan."


text: 20 Inch Custom Chrome RimsJune 27, 2020chrome wheels20 inch, RIM SIZES2 CommentsOne of the Most popular Wheel and Rim sizes are the 20 inch rims and the 22 inch rims. You can save hundreds on a set of chrome rims or wheels compared to buying in a retail store. Read More→


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KEY POINTS: •Consider regenerative approaches when standard whiplash treatments don't help •PRP and other regenerative medicine products can reduce inflammation and pain and help rebuild the injured area •Repeated use of traditional remedies can...
What's the difference between a Herniated Disc, Slipped Disc, and Ruptured Disc?
They're just different terms for the same thing. To explain the problem, here's a brief physiology lesson:
Your spine is made of a stack of spiny bones known as vertebrae. Providing a cushion between each vertebra are rubbery 'discs'. As we get older, the discs' fibrous outer ring, known as the annulus, typically degenerates from ongoing wear. That's normal.
Sometimes the annulus can begin to tear, from the inside out. This is the condition we refer to as a Herniated Disc, and it may or may not produce symptoms. However in advanced cases, the gel-like fluid that's encased in the middle of the disc can begin to leak out through the tears.
Oh, the pain.
If the fluid flows into the adjacent spinal canal and irritates the central nerves there, you'll know it. How? The pain can be pretty rough.
Plus when the leaked material is exposed to the immune system, it can trigger an autoimmune response that causes inflammation, further damaging the nerve and resulting in, you guessed it, more pain.
The source of the problem is most often in the lower back, in which case you're likely to feel pain not in the back, but rather in one foot, leg or buttock – since the nerves there are directly connected to the impacted nerves in the spinal canal.
If the Herniated Disc is in the neck, the sharp, burning pain is typically felt in one arm or shoulder. You might also experience weakness, tingling or numbness in the affected extremity.
Sometimes, improper or repeated lifting of heavy objects can contribute to the problem. So can excess body weight.
The three steps of traditional treatment.
With any luck, over-the-counter pain medications and an avoidance of pain-inducing body movements can ease the discomfort from a Herniated Disc with a few days or a few weeks. Cold packs, followed in a few days by gentle heat, can also help.
If that doesn't work, the next possibilities are cortisone injections or opioid painkiller drugs. Muscle relaxers can be used to ease muscle spasms.
Finally, if nothing else works, surgery can be an option, especially if the person continues to have difficulty standing and walking, or if the Herniated Disc is causing bladder or bowel control issues.
The Regenerative Medicine Approach
Regenerative Medicine is a relatively new and still-developing branch of health care that may offer new promise for back issues such as Herniated Discs.
By utilizing 'products' derived from substances produced by the human body, it can offer a more natural type of treatment that doesn't invite the potential risks of cortisone, prescription painkillers, muscle relaxers, and of course, surgery.
'Regen Med' for Herniated Discs
In the case of degradation or ruptures in the disc, a platelet-rich fibrin matrix, combined with packets of proteins known as exosomes, can be injected into back. As well as reducing inflammation, his mixture can help support disc healing, cell regrowth, and even restoration of disc thickness.
The treatment may need to be repeated, to continue to control inflammation and to relieve symptoms while waiting for the body's own disc-healing mechanisms to kick in within 6 or 9 months.
Also, carefully-planned home exercise or physical therapy, as well as certain lifestyle changes (including weight loss) can be recommended by a doctor to aid healing and prevent future pain flare-ups.
This content is offered for informational purposes only and is not meant to constitute medical advice.
You Might Also Enjoy...
KEY POINTS: •Consider regenerative approaches when standard whiplash treatments don't help •PRP and other regenerative medicine products can reduce inflammation and pain and help rebuild the injured area •Repeated use of traditional remedies can...
KEY POINTS: • Some discomfort after surgery is to be expected, but is generally temporary • Some of the effects go away soon after the operation, and some may last for weeks • Certain types of discomfort may come from the anesthesia rather than the surgery
KEY POINTS: • Joint sprains and strains are fairly common, but often can be prevented • Rest and a few other measures at home can often get you back to normal • If the pain still won't let go, Regenerative Medicine offers new hope
KEY POINTS: • Physical stress, as well as repetitive motion, can cause muscles to tear • The pain and other symptoms often go away with basic home care and exercise • Regenerative Medicine offers new possibilities for more serious cases
• Chronic fatigue is fairly common, especially in menopausal women. • A lack of energy can have a number of different causes. • Learning what the problem is can help point to the right treatment.
• A pinched nerve in the spine can causes pain in other parts of the body • Repeated cortisone injections for inflammation can do further damage • Natural substances produced in the body can reduce inflammation while promoting healing


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Part of the debate – in the House of Commons at 2:21 pm on 23rd June 2020.
As I outlined in my statement, I have been unequivocal on the change that is required at the Home Office. When I made my original statement following the publication of the "Windrush lessons learned review", the hon. Gentleman was not in his current role, so he would not have heard the full statement that I gave then, or the answers that I gave to the many questions. I apologised for the absolutely appalling scandal that took place and I will continue not just to apologise but to ensure that the Home Office in particular learns the lessons and fundamentally changes its culture, the leadership and the way in which it treats people, and becomes far more representative of the communities that it serves. I said that back in March and I will continue to say it until the Home Office fundamentally shifts its own way of working and ultimately learns the lessons.
Of course, that will take time. There is no silver bullet to do this overnight, but the first step that we can take is to ensure that we continue to work together collaboratively across our society and across Government to tackle the injustices that were suffered. That is my mission, that is my aim and that is why I am accepting the recommendations. I think it is right, as I said back in March and as I have said in previous statements, that I continue to speak to Wendy Williams, which I am doing this week, and to work with her and with people in the Home Office to implement the recommendations in the right way. In fact, when the report was published earlier this year, Wendy Williams herself said that we should not just come out and accept the recommendations, but work through them. That is exactly what we are doing. That is the right response. That is the responsible way in which we do this, to understand the delivery.
The hon. Gentleman referred to the compensation scheme, and I agree: the payments and the way payments have been made have been far too slow. I am not apologising for that at all. I have outlined in my statement that it is right that we treat each individual with the respect and dignity they deserve. These are complicated cases. In fact, last week when I was here in the House answering oral questions, the issue came up and I put the offer to many hon. Members on the Opposition Benches to come into the Home Office and to spend some time with our casework team in order to understand the complexities of the various cases, particularly constituency cases that they themselves may have raised. That offer is absolutely open to each constituency Member of Parliament. They should come in and look at the case handling. These are bespoke cases, and each one is handled in a sensitive way.
For the benefit of those Members who are not aware of this, when offers of payments are made to individuals, those individuals have a period to consider the payment they are being offered. If they would like to discuss the payment or if they decline it and want a review, that review is conducted not by the Home Office but by HMRC, an independent body. Again, it takes time for HMRC to do the review, but that is the right approach. It was agreed with Martin Forde and the individual stakeholders who were consulted before the scheme was set up.
My final point in response to the hon. Gentleman is that, although we know that the Windrush generation has faced many, many injustices, recent events have shone a spotlight on a whole range of injustices across many communities in our country. The Prime Minister's new commission is very much looking at how we can level up and at how we can address and tackle those injustices. We should be doing that collectively as a House, working together in a responsible way to look at how we can support individuals, communities and minority groups of all faiths and backgrounds. That is the right thing to do, and I hope that all Opposition Members, including the hon. Gentleman, will work in a collaborative and constructive way to move forward on these issues.


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On Nov 7, Square Enix will release the fourth major instalment for "Mobius Final Fantasy."
Jon Kay, one avid gamer, have also released a gameplay video depicting "Rainbow Six Siege" Season 4 map to be very destructible.
Scott Cawthon believes that people's criticism to the fanbase or even to the "Five Nights At Freddy's" itself could be valid.
Director Paul Fieg was reported to be up to make "Ghostbusters 2" but said that Sony has not yet called him yet.
The latest "Battleborn" DLC has been reported to surprise gamers with a small Easter egg which gamers think reveals the setting of "Borderlands 3."
Rumors started that Belle might be torn between the Beast and Gaston when Luke Evans, who plays Gaston's character, announced that his character in "Beauty and The Beast" will be larger than life.
Gus Fring (Giancarlo Esposito) is one of the characters from "Breaking Bad" that is most talked about to appear in "Better Call Saul" Season 3.
Isabelle McNally will reprise he role as Madeleine Loomis in "Bates Motel" Season 5.
James Cameron's desire to make a glasses-free 3D movie does not mean it will have to happen in "Avatar 2."
Notably, Sarah Paulson's Lana Winters character was a fan favorite in season 2. Now that she is back in "American Horror Story" season 6, the FX television series is expected to be more exciting.
In one of the episode in "This Is Us" that supposedly took place in the 80's, Milo Ventimiglia's built look out of place.
Black Friday deals you need to know!
Fans can only speculate what Nightmare would look like in the "Doctor Strange" sequel. But in the original series, he looks like a chalk-white man with green hair. His body suit is also green with a ragged cape.
Raven-Symoné's character, Raven Baxter, will now be a mother of two pre-teen kids in "That's So Raven" spinoff.
If Black Friday Steam Sale 2016 will have the same pattern as last year's, then its big sale event will probably happen within those days.


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The Caddo Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America will hold a series of Cub Scout Summer Fun Days in July at Camp Preston Hunt, located off of U.S. Highway 82 East.
The dates include July 11, 18 and 25.
For more information, call the council's office, located at N0. 24 Lynnwood Drive, Texarkana, Texas, at 903-793-2179 or 903-748-8108.
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Christophe Robin
Anti-Frizz Rescue Milk, 150ml
Color: Colorless
Christophe Robin's 'Rescue Milk' is the solution for frizzy, unmanageable tresses. Enriched with Shea Butter, vitamins and Omega 3 and 6 to nourish hair, this lightweight, non-sticky formula smooths flyaways by sealing cuticles for up to 48 hours. You can use it to touch-up blowouts in-between washes, too.
- Suitable for all hair types
- Free from silicone, alcohol and artificial fragrance
- Made from 99% natural-origin ingredients
- Moringa shields against pollution, heat and natural oxidation of colored hair
Instructions for use:
- Apply to damp hair from roots to tips before blow drying or air drying
- 150ml/ 5.0fl.oz.
- Made in Italy
Ingredients: Aqua, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, Propanediol, Cetearyl Alcohol, Butyrospermum Parkii Butter*, Cetearyl Olivate, Glycerin, Sorbitan Olivate, Pca Glyceryl Oleate, Ethylhexyl Stearate, Moringa Pterygosperma Seed Extract, Linum Usitatissimum Seed Extract*, Fructooligosaccharides, Saccharide Isomerate, Sodium Pca, Xanthan Gum, Lactic Acid, Ethyl Lauroyl Arginate Hcl, Sodium Phytate, Benzyl Alcohol, Cinnamic Acid, Maltodextrin, Citric Acid, Sodium Citrate
Returns or Exchanges
Try your purchase on in the comfort of your own home and let us know straightaway if you'd like a different size or a refund and we'll collect from your home, work or an alternative address.


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A sweet roll-on oil which opens with an energising shot of Black Coffee and Bergamot before diving into a heart of Orange Blossom and Jasmin Sambac.
Top Notes: Black Coffee
Heart Notes: White Florals
Base Notes: Vanilla
Customer Reviews
I love it! Perfect! Thank you
Absolutely first class service, smells so like the real thing have had so many compliments. Very fast response to orders virtually return of post. My go to supplier from now on. Brillient
Love this item especially, have tried others and I love them all but this is my favourite. Smells amazing, lasts ages. Great price and fast postage.
Smells like the original and lasts. Have ordered a few different ones and will definitely purchase again.
My favourite! smells as good as the original.


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Mix96 News
Roadblock created by residents after hundreds turn up to quarry
People living in Chinnor had enough over the weekend and took matters into their own hands.
Published by Dan Gooding at 1:40pm 1st June 2020. (Updated at 4:06pm 1st June 2020) 3-minute read.
People living in Chinnor took matters into their own hands at the weekend, to try and stop huge crowds coming to open space there.
A road block was set up near Chinnor Quarry on Saturday: not by police, but by people living on the development there.
They had had enough of hundreds of people turning up to walk around and used the old quarry, especially when they were parking over kerbs and making driving dangerous.
Then the police got involved, saying that swimming in the water there could be really dangerous, and landowners Taylor Wimpey brought in security.
A fence into a private part of the site has been repeatedly damaged to gain access.
There had been reports of an illegal rave, but officers moved everyone on.
One resident told us:
"Police helicopters have been coming round for a couple of days and the fire brigade were also called on Sunday to reports of someone stuck on the quarry edge.
"They climbed up and got away before needing to be rescued!
"Taylor Wimpey also had security along the full fence line today of the quarry totally manned with a guard every 10 metres, with around 14 in total.
"It's been a crazy weekend... The police have been amazing throughout."
TVP say they're looking at tougher restrictions to make the roads safer and will keep an eye on the situation.
A spokesperson for Taylor Wimpey said:
"As a responsible landowner, we take our health and safety obligations extremely seriously.
"The former Chinnor quarry site has been fenced off for a number of years to prevent unlawful access, and we share the concerns of local residents that members of the public are illegally accessing the land.
"We are carrying out daily fence repairs and have arranged for a security company to carry out daily patrols of the site. We are also working with an external health and safety advisor to put in place additional deterrents.
"We are committed to working positively with the local community to try to resolve this issue. We are in close contact with Thames Valley Police and will support officers wherever possible in order to prevent further unlawful access to the site."
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Proper Local News updates from Mix96
Chesham couple's big surprise for 75th wedding anniversary
Local: David and Jean Lewis met during the Second World War and have been shielding at home since lockdown began.
'Support the Bucks businesses which have supported us'
Local: Buckinghamshire Business First have been helping to co-ordinate support during the pandemic.
Coronavirus memorial garden coming to Aylesbury
Local: It will be one of 34 across the country set up by the Westerleigh Group of crematoria.
Coronavirus cases pass 1,000 in Bucks
Local: The rate of infection does appear to be slowing in the county, though.
Bucks care home boss angered by PM's comments
Local: Boris Johnson seemed to place blame on care homes for their response to coronavirus.
Coronavirus: The inside story of how UK's 'chaotic' testing regime 'broke all the rules'
National: As Britain sought to assemble its coronavirus testing programme, all the usual rules were broken.
Former Kasabian frontman Tom Meighan issues apology for attacking girlfriend
Showbiz: Former Kasabian frontman Tom Meighan has apologised for attacking his girlfriend and said he has struggled with alcohol addiction "for many years".
Adebayo Akinfenwa says he was called a 'Fat Water Buffalo' during play-off match
Sport: Wycombe Wanderers forward Adebayo Akinfenwa says he was repeatedly called a 'Fat Water Buffalo' by a 'representative of the opposition' during Monday's play-off win over Fleetwood.
Scientists believe piece of jawbone may belong to new dinosaur species
World: Scientists believe they may have stumbled on a new dinosaur species that lived in the Arctic 70 million years ago when the region was warmer than it is now.
Robotic birds capable of amazingly realistic flight shown off by German company
Strange: German engineering company Festo has created robotic birds capable of amazingly realistic flight.


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Save 15% on iStock using the promo code
A Muslim family celebrating Raya festival in their traditional Malay style house.
Hari Raya Aidilfitri / Idul fitri -muslim with white paper & greeting text.
Muslim old man and woman waiting their family member home, to celebrate Raya festival together.
A Muslim family celebrating Raya festival in their traditional Malay style house. With village scene. The words "Salam Aidilfitri" means happy Hari Raya.
Illustration of a young muslim couple having video chat with friends. Vector
Selamat Hari Raya Aidilfitri vector illustration with cute muslim kids having fun with sparklers.
Muslim Female Chef in Hijab
A happy Muslim family and their home town in rural area.
A boy and a girl is playing with fireworks during their Raya festival celebration.
A couple is just arrive their home town, ready to celebrate Raya festival with their parents.
Selamat Hari Raya Aidilfitri. Muslim family back to hometown by car to meet with grandparent for celebrating Muslim festival in Traditional Malay village house. Translation: Return Home


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Covid-19 will dramatically affect the Arts which means we need to make sure that we build bridges with our communities, writes Graeme Farrow.
Mae the welsh agenda yn gylchgrawn Saesneg sydd yn cael ei hariannu gan Gyngor Llyfrau Cymru. Mae erthyglau'r cylchgrawn yn Saesneg ond mae'r tudalennau am waith y Sefydliad Materion Cymraeg ar gael yn ddwyieithog.
What a difference a day makes
Jane Davidson gives us a glimpse of her book #futuregen which launches today.
Now we must live up to ourselves: #RethinkingWales and beyond
Dylan Moore introduces issue 64 of the welsh agenda magazine with a call for us all to use this unique moment wisely
Pandemic: a very brief history
Adam Somerset reminds us that human history has often been a story of unknown disease sweeping the globe
Human Landscapes from My Country
Before lockdown, Tom Cheesman and Filiz Celik met with Memet Ali Alabora at Volcano Theatre in Swansea, after his performance of the one-man play Meleketimden Insan Manazaralari – Human Landscapes from My Country, written by Nazim Hikmet.
Book Review: Godbothering
Dylan Moore urges us to begin our lockdown reading with 'Godbothering', Rhidian Brook's collection of 'Thoughts 2000-2020', which may help us gain perspective on the current crisis.
Who speaks for Wales? You do.
Dylan Moore welcomes you to the welsh agenda (online)
Book Review: On the Red Hill
John Sam Jones explores a story of gay life in Britain from the Second World War to civil partnerships through Mike Parker's memoir of his neighbours lives in the Montgomeryshire hills.
Book Review: John Jenkins: The Reluctant Revolutionary?
Joe Atkinson reviews Dr Wyn Thomas' biography of a largely forgotten figure


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Jackson family
- /ˈdʒæksən/ (say 'jaksuhn)
noun a US family noted as rhythm and blues and pop musicians (see the Jackson 5). The two members of the family most noted as solo musicians are:
1. Michael Joseph, 1958–2009, lead singer of the Jackson 5 (later the Jacksons) prior to solo career.
2. Janet Damita Jo, born 1966, sister of Michael and youngest member of the family; became a leading solo pop singer in the mid 1980s.
Australian English dictionary. 2014.
Look at other dictionaries:
Jackson family — This article is about the family of musicians. For the fictional family in the soap opera EastEnders, see Jackson family (EastEnders). Jackson family Origin Gary, Indiana, United States Genres R B, soul, pop, disco, rock, dance … Wikipedia
Jackson political family — The Jackson family is a family of politicians from the United States. Below is a list of members:*George Jackson (1757 1831), Virginia House Delegate 1785 1791, U.S. Representative from Virginia 1795 1797 1799 1803, Ohio State Representative 1809 … Wikipedia
Jackson, Janet — ▪ American entertainer in full Janet Damita Jo Jackson born May 16, 1966, Gary, Indiana, U.S. American singer and actress whose increasingly mature version of dance pop music made her one of the most popular recording artists of the 1980s … Universalium
Jackson 5 — /ˈdʒæksən faɪv/ (say jaksuhn fuyv) noun the, a US rhythm and blues and pop group, formed in 1966; the original members were five brothers: Jackie (born Sigmund Jackson, 1951), Tito (born Toriano Jackson, 1953), Jermaine (born 1954), Marlon (born… … Australian English dictionary
Jackson Homestead — U.S. National Register of Historic Places … Wikipedia
Jackson Rathbone — Rathbone performing with band 100 Monkeys in Indianapolis, IN, June 29, 2011 Born Monroe Jackson Rathbone, V December 14, 1984 (1984 12 14) (age … Wikipedia
Jackson County, North Carolina — Old Jackson County Courthouse in downtown Sylva … Wikipedia
Jackson (name) — Jackson is a common patronymic family name in English language speaking countries (see List of most common surnames), meaning son of Jack . In the 1990 United States Census, Jackson was the thirteenth most frequently reported surname, accounting… … Wikipedia
Jackson County, Michigan — Seal … Wikipedia
Jackson & Perkins Company — is an American company known for the cultivation of roses. HistoryEarly historyThe company s name came from the two partners who started the business, Charles Perkins and his father in law, Albert Jackson. The company began in 1872 in Newark, New … Wikipedia


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Up to 50% off your favourite products this month!
Free delivery on all orders from £30!
Maca is a vegetable from a cruciferae family. The Maca root grows on the high slopes of the Peruvian Andes. Incans first used it 3000 years ago for its energy and endurance enhancing qualities. Still used by the people of Peru today, modern nutritional research has confirmed its powerful properties and has made its use a global phenomenon.


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Trending News
What should I do?
My teeth are really hurting. I have a few cavities, and they are really hurting I have been taking excedrine for the pain but its not helping anymore, I tried the orajel stuff but its really not helping anymore either. I cant afford to go to the dentist and I do not have insurance. Any idea's, im considering go to the er but its going to cost a fortune and im not too sure what they would even be able to do for me.
7 Answers
- 1 decade agoFavorite Answer
It sounds like you may have an infection and will need antibiotics to get it taken care of.
Please be careful, as infections can turn septic (toxic) and make you extremely ill, if not kill you.
I would call your local human services department or hospital and see if they could recommend a low income/no income dentist in your area that would be willing to see you for free or at a reduced rate.
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- drswansonddsLv 41 decade ago
you need to at least find out WHAT is wrong or you WILL end up in the ER. Call the dentist - you need a Problem Focussed Exam (which is cheaper than a full exam) and one or two PA (periapical) xrays which together should come to a grand total of $75 or so. GEt someone to loan you the cash.
Another good alternative - if you live in an area w/ a dental school, that visit is a lot cheaper.
If they are REALLY hurting, you will proably require extractions or root canals. If finances are an issue, you won't be able to save the teeth. have them extracted and save up for some kind of partial denture. This is the economical way to go.
If you don't spend the $75 or so at the dentist (followed by about $150 a tooth for extractions) you will end up in the ER an that will (as you know) cost a bundle and all they'll do is give you antibiotics and pain meds to tide you over 'til you go to the dentist, so that is basically throwing money away, as the dentist can do the same thing for cheaper.
good luckSource(s): drnate.blogspot.com
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- 1 decade ago
If you do an Internet search. There are discounted dental programs that run about 6-100 dollars a month and some are immediate for coverage. Granted its not an insurance plan but they do offer great discounts on dental visits. Then once you get to the Dr some may work out arrangements with you depending on your procedures.
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- Morning GloryLv 51 decade ago
Chances are, the ER won't be able to do much for you. A shot, or pills. They'll just tell you to follow up with a dentist ASAP, and then you'll have two huge bills to deal with.
Call your local health department and see if they can recommend any low-cost dental clinics.
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- Allen LLv 41 decade ago
Come up with some $$ and go see a dentist; pain will only increase with time
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- Anonymous1 decade ago
Go to this website www.AffordableDental4all.com its only $11.95 per month. You save up to 80% on everything the dentist does including braces.
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- 1 decade ago
i think you should go to a dentist and see how much it is going to be or call him up and askk but i rather be in dept ithen in pain because u can fix being in dept easyer then being in pain
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Free 40th Birthday Speech A 40th birthday speech is one speech that you should feel honored to be asked to give! It means that the person turning 40 has a special place in their heart for you and having you speak at this special occasion means a great deal to them. You can use this sample speech to create one of your own by amending it to include personal stories and writing from your heart. It could easily be turned into a speech given by a husband to a wife, a brother to a sister or a best friend to a best friend. Beginning of 40th Birthday Speech Robert Frost once said "A diplomat is a man who always remembers a woman's birthday but never remembers her age. Welcome all, to Samantha's 40th Birthday Party! Her mother and I are honored that you have come to share this day with us. I remember the day Samantha was born – she was as bald as I am now! Really, she was the most beautiful baby I had ever seen.
Good Persuasive Speech Topics
Check new design of our homepage! Powerful Persuasive Speech Topics for College Students Before you can deliver a persuasive speech in front of your college peers, it is important to choose a topic which you can support with facts, research, and strong speech delivery skills. EduZenith Staff Last Updated: Mar 19, Not everyone is comfortable and confident about giving a speech in front of a crowd, regardless of its size.
For persuasive essay topic ideas have a look at our list of Interesting Research Paper topics: these can be easily adapted for persuasive speeches. List of Persuasive Speech Topics Crafting a persuasive speech or writing a persuasive essay begins with picking the right topic.
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The Big List of Persuasive Speech Topics For Students
Compare and contrast essay topics What makes a good teacher compared to a bad one? What does your home have in common with a house of your dream? Would you rather be bored or scared?
Mar 17, · Free Essays on Online Dating Persuasive Essay. Search. Online Dating. Enc _Online Essay #4 Dr. Mccarick Monday, March 17, THE HEADER INFO SHOULD NOT BE INDENTED, BUT SHOULD BE SET AGAINST THE LEFT MARGIN. Persuasive Essay Topic COM Week 1 DQs COM Week 2 CheckPoint.
To persuade the audience on the danger of blind internet dating by informing the audience of different scenarios that could occur in internet dating. Online dating is nearly a 1 Billion dollar industry. Internet dating is becoming a more common way for people to meet a significant other. Despite its more mainstream acceptance, there are still dangers to Internet dating such as identity theft, online scams, predators, fake profiles and violation of privacy.
You should always stay vigilant when using an online dating site to make sure that you have a safe and enjoyable experience. Why people use online dating? Convenience Internet dating can be very helpful for those busy individuals who don't have time to go out and meet people at different social events or other social settings. In addition, it is a great tool for individuals that are shy and are afraid of rejection.
Access to large database Over 40 million users can be accesses through over different online dating websites II. Dangers of Blind Online dating According to the FBI and recent news documentaries, online daters can face the following dangers online:
Top 100 Compare And Contrast Essay Topics
The dangers of disposable diapers. Plastic surgery for cosmetic reasons cosmetic surgery. Is it rising to a level that exceeds good sense? The McLawsuit Intelligence depends more on the environment than genetic factors. Should there be stronger limits on immigration? Importance of safety harnesses.
A political hot-button issue is the classic persuasive speech topic. The biggest relationship-related issue in politics (at the time of this writing) is whether or not same-sex .
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Good persuasive speech topics
Eating organic is good for your health. Get artificial hormones out of food. Fun Fun topics are a great way to get people to listen to what you have to say, because when they are entertained they listen more carefully. Fun topics also help the speaker be more at ease, because the topics are more relaxed. Below follow topics that you can have fun with while persuading your audience.
My Speech Class Public Speaking Tips & Speech Topics. Selecting Your Topic. Persuasive; Informative; Great Speech Topics for Teens [Persuasive, Informative] In this article: List of Speech Topics for Teens. Persuasive; Teens should avoid dating .
The First Golden Rule is: Remodel their views or convince them to act right after they hear you. This is a so-called assertion of truth. Prove that your claim is the best possible one and defend yourself against oppositional ideas that attempt to invalidate your speaking thesis or proposition you put forward for consideration. Prompt your audience that space exploration is beneficial.
Appeal to the beliefs, morality of your listeners. Family, social and educational values are great starters: Propagandize among your classmates that cheating at school is absolutely unacceptable. Motivate them to act or change attitudes, examine persuasive speech topics about tactics or judge coded regulations. Do appeal to human needs, reason and emotion. Visualize the advantages, and you are able to convince them of the satisfaction it gives when they implement the fine suggested attitude change.
Seduce your public to keep the thermostat in your home at 68 F in winter and 72 F in summer. The Second Golden Rule in the artistry of writing is this: This general rhetoric rule is likely to be thousands of years old and it still is a powerful instrument to convince people, whatever their cultural or educational background is.
100 Easy Persuasive Speech Topics and Guide
Are you sure you want to delete this answer? Yes Sorry, something has gone wrong. I'm not sure if you need actual evidence or you if you just need to explain your reasoning.. You could even come up with some ridiculous ball figure.. There are many predators online and not being able to truly know who you are meeting up with prior to going on a date is very risky and could ultimately put someone in a very dangerous situation. You can look up a specific case or something online to show the negative sides to meeting up with strangers..
May 08, · Persuasive Speech – The Danger of Blind Online dating General Goal: To persuade the audience on the danger of blind internet dating by informing the audience of different scenarios that could occur in internet dating.
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120 Persuasive Speech Topics for College Students
The real meaning behind them Getting water from a rock How to catch a cold How to make fun every day in life. Chasing idle dreams is a good habit. Unexpected disasters that can happen.
persuasive essay topics speech ideas topic list for your next speaking event essays high school great college advice a english easy debate topicsworksheets.
They should grab the attention of your audience, and give a strong argument that convinces them to adopt your claim. Which problems do you love researching? Which speech ideas capture your specific interests? Which issues are you familiar with? Which topics connect with your emotions like feeling sad, happy or motivated? Sadly, a majority of people mistreat and kill these creatures for either sport or food.
However, by choosing any of these good persuasive speech topics, you can show them the importance of animals. Advantages of Keeping a Pet?
Groom Speech Example
Easy Persuasive Speech Topics Easy Persuasive Speech Topics When given a task to come up with a persuasive speech , it is most often up to a student to pick the topic. Choosing the right topic for a persuasive speech is sometimes not such an easy thing to do as it may seem. The infinite choice often gets a student confused. In any case, it is always a better idea to work with a topic that is particularly close to you and that you have a genuine interest in, as opposed to just picking a random topic.
Discussing something that you are familiar is not only more fun but also a lot easier. To aid the student, we have compiled this long list of topics in a broad range of categories.
Easy Persuasive Speech Topics and Guide. December 19, by Raushan Jaiswal. A persuasive speech is a speech written and delivered to convince people of the speaker's viewpoint. It uses words to make the audience 'see' the speaker's point .
Persuasive Speech Topics on Relationships By Jennifer Gigantino Persuasion is a valuable skill for those who give press conferences as part of their jobs. The persuasive speech is one of the most common assignments given to debate clubs, those in public-speaking courses and forensics teams. Though many students may groan at the thought, a persuasive speech is actually quite a useful activity for anybody who may someday go into politics, law, sales or psychology; its principles will come in handy for any profession that involves convincing people of anything.
Lying as a Necessary Part of Good Relationships Two aspects of a very good persuasive speech topic is that many people in your audience can relate to it, and that it's at least a little bit controversial — if not downright wildly unpopular. In that spirit, almost everyone knows what it's like to lie or be lied to within a relationship, and it is almost always recognized as a very bad thing.
Include the topics of white lies to protect a person's feelings, things one's partner might as well not know and anecdotal evidence to support your argument in favor of lying. Women Cheat More Than Men or the Reverse If opinions aren't your thing, try persuading your audience of a fact that may or may not be provable. The question of who cheats more in relationships is one for the ages and can be supported by statistics, anecdotal evidence and even unofficial opinion polls that you conduct prior to writing your speech.
For a topic like this one, be sure that you establish a position on the matter early on and stick to it throughout the speech. However, don't be afraid to change your opinion based on evidence before you actually take it to the stage. The biggest relationship-related issue in politics at the time of this writing is whether or not same-sex marriage ought to be recognized under the law. Like the cheating topic, you must support your position on same-sex marriage with statistics, anecdotal evidence and unofficial polls.
Consider interviewing and subsequently quoting someone whose life has been drastically positively or negatively affected by the lawfulness or otherwise of same-sex marriage.


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And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather reprove them.
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EXPOSITORY (ENGLISH BIBLE)Have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness.—To "have no fellowship" with such works is not to refuse to take part in them (for this surely might be taken for granted), but to keep no terms with them, to have no sympathy or indulgence or excuse for them. So the word is used, in Philippians 4:14, of "communicating with my affliction;" and in Revelation 18:4, of "being partakers with the sins" of Babylon. It is through such weak or cowardly indulgence, more than the actual love of evil, that sin is suffered to prevail. Hence St. Paul adds, "rather reprove them." Our Lord Himself has declared in all such cases, "He that is not with Me is against Me."
The unfruitful works of darkness.—St. Paul has a similar antithesis in the Epistle to the Romans (Romans 6:19-22). They who are in sin "yield their members servants to iniquity unto iniquity." Iniquity has no result but iniquity; and hence he goes on to ask, "What fruit had ye then in those things of which ye are now ashamed?" This weary fruitlessness is at once the sign and the penalty of sin, so that men have fancied it to be one chief element of the suffering of the lost. But they who are in Christ "yield their members servants to righteousness unto holiness." "They have," he says, "their fruit unto holiness" now, and "in the end the everlasting life," which is everlasting holiness. Similarly, in Galatians 5:20-22, we have "the works of the flesh," but "the fruit of the Spirit." Rarely, indeed, does Scripture speak of "evil fruit" (Matthew 7:17; Matthew 12:33). Generally, "to be unfruitful" is an all-sufficient condemnation. "Every branch that beareth not fruit he taketh away" (John 15:2).
Rather reprove them.—In the word "reprove," whether in its application to the witness of the Holy Ghost (John 16:8), or to the witness of men (as in 1Corinthians 14:24; 1Timothy 5:20; Titus 1:9-13, et al.), there is described a double function—to "convince," if it may be, the sinner in himself; to "convict" him, if the other function fails, before men and angels. Both these functions St. Paul urges here. It is not enough to "have no fellowship with them." To this tacit reproof open reproof in word and deed is to be added; only in such reproof it should be remembered that it would be disgraceful "even to speak" in detail of the actual "things done in secret."
Ephesians 5:11We have seen in a former sermon that 'the fruit,' or outcome, 'of the Light' is a comprehensive perfection, consisting in all sorts and degrees of goodness and righteousness and truth. Therefore, the commandment, 'Walk as children of the light,' sums up all Christian morality. Is there need, then, for any additional precept? Yes; for Christian people do not live in an empty world. If there were no evil round them, and no proclivity to evil within them, it would be amply sufficient to say to them, 'Be true to the light which you behold.' But since both these things are, the commandment of my text is further necessary. We do not work in vacuo, and therefore friction and atmosphere have to be taken account of; and an essential part of 'walking as children of the light' is to know how to behave ourselves when confronted with 'the works of darkness.'
These Ephesian Christians lived in a state of society honeycombed with hideous immorality, the centre of which was the temple, which was their city's glory and shame. It was all but impossible for them to have nothing to do with the works of evil, unless, indeed, they went out of the world. But the difficulty of obedience does not affect the duty of obedience, nor slacken in the smallest degree the stringency of a command. This obligation lies upon us as fully as it did upon them, and the discharge of it by professing Christians would bring new life to moribund churches.
I. Let me ask you to note with me, first, the fruitlessness inherent in all the works of darkness.
You may remember that I pointed out, in a former discourse on the context, that the Apostle, here and elsewhere, draws a very significant distinction between 'works' and 'fruit,' and that distinction is put very strikingly in the words of my text. There are works which are barren. It is a grim thought that there may be abundant activity which, in the eyes of God, comes to just nothing; and that pages and pages of laborious calculations, when all summed up, have for result a great round 0. Men are busy, and hosts of them are doing what the old fairy stories tell us that evil spirits were condemned to do-spinning ropes out of sea-sand; and their life-work is nought when they come to reckon it up.
I have no time to dwell upon this thought, but I wish, just for a moment or two, to illustrate it.
All godless life is fruitless, inasmuch as it has no permanent results. Permanent results of a sort, indeed, follow everything that men do, for all our actions tend to make character, and they all have a share in fixing that which depends upon character-viz. destiny, both here and yonder. And thus the most fleeting of our deeds, which in one aspect is as transitory as the snow upon the great plains when the sun rises, leaves everlasting traces upon ourselves and upon our condition. But yet acts concerned with transitory things may have permanent fruit, or may be as transient as the things with which they are concerned. And the difference depends on the spirit in which they are done. If the roots are only in the surface-skin of soil, when that is pared off the plant goes. A life that is to be eternal must strike its roots through all the superficial humus down to the very heart of things. When its roots twine themselves round God then the deeds which blossom from them will blossom unfading for ever.
Think of men going empty-handed into another world, and saying, 'O Lord! I made a big fortune in Manchester when I lived there, and I left it all behind me'; or, 'I mastered a science, and one gleam of the light of eternity has antiquated it'; or, 'I gained prizes, won my aims, and they have all dropped from my hands, and here I stand, having to say in the most tragic sense: Nothing in my hands I bring.' And another man dies in the Lord, and his 'works do follow' him. It is not every vintage that bears exportation. Some wines are mellowed by crossing the ocean; some are turned into vinegar. The works of darkness are unfruitful because they are transient.
And they are unfruitful because, whilst they last, they yield no real satisfaction. The Apostle could say to another Church with a certainty as to what the answer would be, 'What fruit had ye then'-when ye were doing them-'in the things whereof ye are now ashamed?' And the answer is 'None!' Of course, it is true that men do bad things because they like them better than good. Of course, it is true that the misery of mankind is that they have no appetite in the general for the only real satisfaction. But it is also true that no man who feeds his heart and mind on anything short of God is really at rest in anything that he does or possesses. Occasional twinges of conscience, dim perceptions that after all they are walking in a vain show; glimpses of nobler possibilities, a vague unrest, an unwillingness to reflect and look the facts of their condition in the face, like men that will not take stock because they half suspect that they are insolvent-these are the conditions that attach to all godless men's lives. There is no real fruit for their thirsty lips to feed upon. The smallest man is too large to be satisfied with anything short of Infinity, The human heart is like some narrow opening on a hill-side, so narrow that it looks as if a glassful of water would fill it. But it goes away down, down, down into the depths of the mountain, and you may pour in hogsheads and no effect is visible. God, and God alone, brings to the thirsty heart the fruit that it needs.
Another solemn thought illustrates the unfruitfulness of a godless life. There is no correspondence between what such a man does and what he is intended to do. Think of what the most degraded and sensuous wretch that shambles about the slums of a city, sodden with beer and rotten with profligacy, could be. Think of the raptures of devout contemplation and the energies of holy work which are possible for that soul, and then say-though it is an extreme case, the principle holds in less extreme cases-Are these things that men do apart from God, however shining, noble, illustrious they may be in the eyes of the world, and trumpeted forth by the mouthpieces of popular opinion, are these things worth calling fruits fit to be borne by such a tree? No more than the cankers on a rose-bush or the galls on an oak-tree are worthy of being called fruit are these works that some of you have as the only products of a life's activity. 'Wherefore, when I looked that it should bring forth grapes, brought it forth wild grapes?'
II. And now, secondly, notice the plain Christian duty of abstinence.
'Have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness.' Now, the text, as it stands in our version, seems to suggest that these dark works are personified as companions whom a good man ought to avoid; and that, therefore, the bearing of the exhortation is, 'Have nothing to do, in your own individual lives, with evil things that one man can commit.' But I take it that, important as that injunction and prohibition is, the Apostle's meaning is somewhat different, and that my text would perhaps be more accurately translated if another word were substituted for 'have no fellowship with.' The original expression seems rather to mean, 'Do not go partners with other people in works of darkness, which it takes more than one to commit.' Or, to put it into another language, the Apostle is regarding Christian people here as members of society, and exhorting them to a certain course of conduct in reference to plain and palpable existing evils around them. And such an exhortation to the duty of plain abstinence from things that the opinion of the world around us has no objection to, but which are contrary to the light, is addressed to all Christian people.
The need of it I do not require to illustrate at any length. But let me remind you that the devil has no more cunning way of securing a long lease of life for any evil than getting Christian people and Christian Churches to give it their sanction. What was it that kept slavery alive for centuries? Largely, that Christian men solemnly declared that it was a divine institution. What is it that has kept war alive for all these centuries? Largely, that bishops and preachers have always been ready to bless colours, and to read a Christening service over a man-of-war-and, I suppose, to ask God that an eighty-ton gun might be blessed to smash our enemies to pieces, and not to blow our sailors to bits. And what is it that preserves the crying evils of our community, the immoralities, the drunkenness, the trade dishonesty, and all the other things that I do not need to remind you of in the pulpit? Largely this, that professing Christians are mixed up with them. If only the whole body of those who profess and call themselves Christians would shake their hands clear of all complicity with such things, they could not last. Individual responsibility for collective action needs to be far more solemnly laid to heart by professing Christians than ever it has been.
Nor need I remind you, I suppose, with what fatal effects on the Gospel and the Church itself all such complicity is attended. Even the companions of wrongdoers despise, whilst they fraternise with, the professing Christian who has no higher standard than their own. What was it that made the Church victorious over the combined forces of imperial persecution, pagan superstition, and philosophic speculation? I believe that among all the causes that a well-known historian has laid down for the triumph of Christianity, what was as powerful as-I was going to say even more than-the Gospel of peace and love which the Church proclaimed was the standard of austere morality which it held up to a world rotting in its own filth. And sure I am that wherever the Church says, 'So do not I, because of the fear of the Lord,' it will gain a power, and will be regarded with a possibly reluctant, but a very real, respect which no easy-going coming down to the level of popular moralities will ever secure for a silver-slippered Christianity. And so, brethren, I would say to you, Do not be afraid of the old name Puritan. Ignorant people use it as a scoff. It should be a crown of glory. 'Have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness.'
But how is this to be done? Well, of course, there is only one way of abstaining, and that is, to abstain. But there are a great many different ways of abstaining. Light is not fire. And the more that Christian people feel themselves bound to stand aloof from common evils, the more are they bound to see that they do it in the spirit of the Master, which is meekness. It is always an invidious position to take up. And if we take it up with any heat and temper, with any lack of moderation, with any look of ostentation of superior righteousness, or with any trace of the Boanerges spirit which says, 'Let us call down fire from heaven and consume them,' our testimony will be weakened, and the world will have a right to say to us, 'Jesus we know, and Paul we know; but who are ye?' 'Who made this man a judge and a divider over us?' 'In meekness instructing them that oppose themselves.'
III. Lastly, note the still harder Christian duty of vigorous protest.
The further duty beyond abstinence which the text enjoins is inadequately represented by our version, 'but rather reprove them.' For the word rendered in our version 'reprove' is the same which our Lord employed when He spoke of the mission of the Comforter as being to 'convince {or convict} the world of sin.' And it does not merely mean 'reprove,' but so to reprove as to produce the conviction which is the object of the reproof.
This task is laid on the shoulders of all professing Christians. A silent abstinence is not enough. No doubt, the best way, in some circumstances, to convict the darkness is to shine. Our holiness will convict sin of its ugliness. Our light will reveal the gloom. The presentation of a Christian life is the Christian man's mightiest weapon in his conflict with the world's evil. But that is not all. And if Christian people think that they have done all their duty, in regard to clamant and common iniquities, by simply abstaining from them and presenting a nobler example, they have yet to learn one very important chapter of their duty. A dumb Church is a dying Church, and it ought to be; for Christ has sent us here in order, amongst other things, that we may bring Christian principles to bear upon the actions of the community; and not be afraid to speak when we are called upon by conscience to do so.
Now I am not going to dwell upon this matter, but I want just to point out to you how, in the context here, there are two or three very important principles glanced at which bear upon it. And one of them is this, that one reason for speaking out is the very fact that the evils are so evil that a man is ashamed to speak about them. Did you ever notice this context, in which the Apostle, in the next verse to my text, gives the reason for his commandment to 'reprove' thus-'For it is a shame even to speak of those things which are done of them in secret'? Did you ever hear of a fantastic tenderness for morality so very sensitive that it is not at all shocked when the immoral things are done, but glows with virtuous indignation when a Christian man speaks out about them? There are plenty of people nowadays who tell us that it is 'indelicate' and 'indecent' and 'improper,' and I do not know how much else, for a Christian teacher or minister to say a word about certain moral scandals. But they do not say anything about the immorality and the indelicacy and the indecency of doing them. Let us have done with that hypocrisy, brethren. I am arguing for no disregard for proprieties; I want all fitting reticence observed, and I do not wish indiscriminate rebukes to be flung at foul things; but it is too much to require that, by reason of the very inky cloud of filth that they fling up like cuttlefish, they should escape censure. Let us remember Paul's exhortation, and reprove because the things are too bad to be spoken about.
Further, note in the context the thought that the conviction of the darkness comes from the flashing upon it of the light. 'All things when they are reproved are made manifest by the light.' Which, being translated into other words, is this:-Be strong in your brave protest, because it only needs that the thing should be seen as it is, and called by its right name, in order to be condemned.
The Assyrians had a belief that if ever, by any chance, a demon saw himself in a mirror, he was frightened at his own ugliness and incontinently fled. And if Christian people would only hold up the mirror of Christian principle to the hosts of evil things that afflict our city and our country, they would vanish like ghosts at sunrise. They cannot stand the light, therefore let us cast the light upon them.
And do not forget the other final principle here, which is imperfectly represented by our translation. We ought to read, 'Whatever is made manifest is light.' Yes. In the physical world when light falls upon a thing, you see it because there is on it a surface of light. And in the moral world the intention of all this conviction is that the thing disclosed to be darkness should, in the very disclosure, cease to be dark, should forsake its nature and be transformed into light. Such transformation is not always the case. Alas! There are evil deeds on which the light falls, and it does nothing. But the purpose in all cases should be, and the issue in many will be, that the merciful conviction by the light will be followed by the conversion of darkness into light.
And so, dear brethren, I bring this text to your hearts, and lay it upon your consciences. We may not all be called upon to speak; we are all called upon to be. You can shine, and by shining show how dark the darkness is. The obligation is laid upon us all; the commandment still comes to every Christian which was given to the old prophet, 'Declare unto My people their transgression, and to the house of Jacob their sin.' A quaint old writer says that the presence of a saint 'hinders the devil of elbow room to do his tricks.' We can all rebuke sin by our righteousness, and by our shining reveal the darkness to itself. We do not walk as children of the light unless we keep ourselves from all connivance with works of darkness, and by all means at our disposal reprove and convict them. 'Come out from among them, and be ye separate, and touch no unclean thing, saith the Lord.'Ephesians 5:11-12. And have no fellowship — No society, no participation with wicked men in the unfruitful works of darkness — Works which bring no advantage, but mischief, (Romans 6:23,) and called works of darkness, because they usually proceed from ignorance, Acts 3:17; are contrary to the light of the word, John 3:20; are usually committed in the dark, 1 Thessalonians 5:7; and bring those who live and die in the commission of them to utter and eternal darkness, Matthew 25:30; but rather reprove them — Show your disapprobation of them by seasonable and suitable reproof, (Leviticus 19:17; Matthew 18:15,) and especially by the holiness of your conversation. Observe, reader, to avoid such things is not sufficient. For it is a shame even to speak of those things — Except in the way of reproof; which are done of them in secret — That is, says Dr. Whitby, "in their mysteries, which therefore were styled απορρητα μυστηρια, (mysteries not to be spoken of,) none being permitted to divulge them upon pain of death. Hence even the word μυστηριον (mystery) hath its name, say grammarians, from μυειν το στομα, to stop the mouth. The Eleusinian mysteries were performed in the night, agreeably to the deeds of darkness committed in them; so were the Bacchanalia; and they were both full of detestable iniquity; and upon that account, says Livy, "were banished out of the Roman senate and Italy." These quotations, with many others which might be added to them, plainly prove, as Dr. Doddridge observes, that if the lower sort of mysteries among the heathens were first intended, as some have supposed, to impress the minds of the people with the belief of future rewards and punishments, and the higher sort of them to instruct persons of more reflection and penetration than the rest, in the knowledge of the true God, and the other great principles of natural religion, they were, long before the apostle's time, greatly corrupted, and degraded to the most detestable purposes. Monsieur Saurin thinks there is a sarcasm in this verse, as if the apostle said, "The heathens call these things απορρητα, things not to be spoken of; true, they are properly so; things not too sacred, but too infamous to be mentioned."2 Corinthians 6:14-18.
The unfruitful works - The deeds of darkness that produce no "benefit" to the body or the soul. The word "unfruitful" is used here in contrast with the "fruit of the Spirit," Ephesians 5:9.
But rather reprove them - By your life, your conversation, and all your influence. This is the business of Christians. Their lives should be a standing rebuke of a sinful world, and they should be ever ready to express their disapprobation of its wickedness in every form.
rather, &c.—Translate as Greek, "rather even reprove them" (compare Mt 5:14-16). Not only "have no fellowship, but even reprove them," namely, in words, and in your deeds, which, shining with "the light," virtually reprove all that is contrary to light (Eph 5:13; Joh 3:19-21). "Have no fellowship," does not imply that we can avoid all intercourse (1Co 5:10), but "avoid such fellowship as will defile yourselves"; just as light, though it touch filth, is not soiled by it; nay, as light detects it, so, "even reprove sin."Have no fellowship with; not only do not practise them yourselves, but do not join with others in them, by consent, advice, assistance, or any other way whereby ye may be defiled by them.
The unfruitful; by a meiosis, for bringing forth evil fruit, destructive, pernicious, Romans 6:21 Galatians 6:8.
Works of darkness; wicked works, so called because they proceed from darkness in the mind, the ignorance of God, and men are put upon them by the devil, the prince of darkness, and because they are afraid of the light.
But rather reprove them; or convince them, viz. not only by your words, Leviticus 19:17 Matthew 18:15, but especially by your actions, which being contrary to them, will both evidence them to be, and reprove them as being, works of darkness. 2 Corinthians 6:14, where he gives the mystical explanation of the law, in Deuteronomy 22:10; agreeably to which, and to the passage here, is the sense of a Jewish commentators (l) who upon it observes, that that law
"intimates that a righteous man, , "should have no fellowship" with a wicked man;''
this is to be unequally yoked, signified by the ox and the ass ploughing together:
but rather reprove them; both by words and by deeds, by an agreeable life and conversation, which last seems to be the design of the apostle here; because it is not a brother, but such who are in darkness, and live in works of darkness; yea, not sinners, but sins are to be reproved, which can be done no other way; nor are all saints proper to reprove verbally, nor are they qualified for it; but all should, and may by facts; and the light discovers darkness, by its own splendour; and this appears from the apostle's reasoning in the next words.
(l) Baal Hatturira in Deuteronomy 22.10.And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather {e} reprove them.
(e) Make them open to all the world, by your good life.
EXEGETICAL (ORIGINAL LANGUAGES)Ephesians 5:11. Συγκοινωνεῖτε] have not fellowship with (the disobedient) in the works of darkness (comp. Ephesians 5:7; and as regards the dative, see on Php 4:14), i.e. in those works, which are wrought in consequence of spiritual darkness—of the ethical frame of mind opposed to divine truth. Comp. Romans 13:12. They are the ἔργα πονηρά (Colossians 1:21), the ἔργα τῆς σαρκός (Galatians 5:21), the νεκρὰ ἔργα (Hebrews 6:1), the ἔργα ἀσεβείας (Judges 1:15).
τοῖς ἀκάρποις] the non-fruitful ones, inasmuch, namely, as they draw no blessing after them. The perdition which they have as result (Romans 6:21; Romans 8:13; Galatians 6:8; Ephesians 4:22, al.) is conceived as negation of blessedness (comp. Ephesians 5:5). Comp. ἔργα νεκρά, Hebrews 6:1; Hebrews 9:14.
μᾶλλον δὲ καί] but rather even, imo adeo. See on Galatians 4:9; Romans 8:34. Bengel well remarks: "non satis abstinere est."
ἐλέγχετε] reprove them (these works), which is done when they are not passed over in silence and indulgently excused, but are held up with censure to the doer, and have their immorality discovered and brought home, in order to produce amendment. This chastening reproof is an oral one, since the context does not intimate anything else; not one de facto ("sancta nimirum et honesta vita," Beza; comp. Erasmus, Cameron, Zanchius), not "dictis et factis" (Bengel; comp. Theophylact, Photius, Calovius, Holzhausen, Olshausen, and others). Comp. on John 3:20; John 16:8; 1 Corinthians 14:24.Ephesians 5:11. καὶ μὴ συγκοινωνεῖτε τοῖς ἔργοις τοῖς ἀκάρποις τοῦ σκότους: and have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness. TWH again prefer the form συνκοινωνεῖτε. The verb has its usual force here, and takes us back to the συμμέτοχοι αὐτῶν of Ephesians 5:7. The only question is whether it governs the ἔργοις itself, or an αὐτοῖς or αὐτῶν understood. Looking to the συμμέτοχοι αὐτῶν above, the συγκοινωνήσαντές μου τῇ θλίψει of Php 4:14, etc., some prefer the latter, = "have no fellowship with them in the works". But the gen. probably would then be the proper case for the things in which the participation took place; cf. the use of συγκοινωνεῖν with τινί τινος (Dio Cass., xxxvii., 41, etc.), and συγκοινωνὸς τῆς ῥίζης, etc. (Romans 11:17). Here, therefore, as in the case of the ἁμαρτίαις in Revelation 18:4 and even the θλίψει in Php 4:14, the verb is best understood as governing the ἔργοις directly. Elsewhere we read of ἔργα πονηρά (Colossians 1:21), and νεκρὰ ἔργα (Hebrews 6:1); here of ἔργα ἄκαρπα, works which result in no gain, yield nothing pleasant or profitable, bring no blessing or reward with them; cf. the contrast between the works of the flesh and the fruit of the Spirit in Galatians 5:19; Galatians 5:22.—μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ ἐλέγχετε: but rather even reprove them. This rendering of the RV is on the whole the best. AV omits the even. The other old English Versions render similarly, except Wicl., who has "but more"; Genesis , 2, which gives "but even reprove them rather"; and Bish., "but even rebuke". The formula μᾶλλον δὲ καί, combines the ideas of the corrective (μᾶλλον), the adversative (δέ) and the ascensive (καί), and means, therefore, "but rather even," not merely "yea, much more". Without the καί the phrase μᾶλλον δέ has the force of a corrective climax; cf. Mey. on Romans 8:34, Galatians 4:9, and Fritz. on Romans 8:34. It was not enough, therefore, for them simply to abstain from such works; they must even reprove them. The question, however, is what is the proper sense of ἐλέγχετε here, and what is the force of the whole sentence? Some give the verb the sense of reproving, but understand the reproof in view to be both in word and in deed (Olsh.), or only in deed, i.e., the reproof conveyed by the spectacle of a pure life and consistently moral walk. Others, looking to the following τὰ γὰρ κρυφῆ γινόμενα, etc., and thinking it incongruous to speak of an oral rebuke in connection with a statement of the shame it is even to speak of the sins in question, would give the verb the sense of exposing (Abb.). But both the context and the general idea connected with ἐλέγχειν in the Pauline writings (cf., e.g., 1 Corinthians 14:24; 2 Timothy 4:2; Titus 1:9; Titus 1:13; Titus 2:15) point to the notion of oral reproof. The idea, therefore, is that these Christians were not at liberty to deal lightly with such sins, or connive at them, or be silent about them, but had to speak out against them and hold them up to rebuke, with the view of bringing their heathen neighbours to apprehend their turpitude and forsake them.11. unfruitful] "For the end of these things is death" (Romans 6:21). The metaphor of fruit, which we have just had (Ephesians 5:9), is almost always used in connexions of good. See a close parallel, Galatians 5:19; Galatians 5:22, "the works of the flesh"; "the fruit of the Spirit."
darkness] Lit., the darkness, which you have left; from whose "authority" you have been "rescued" (Colossians 1:13). The metaphor here (on which see on Ephesians 4:18) suggests rather the secrecy and shame of sin than its blindness.
rather] Rather even, R. V., and so better; "rather, go the length of positive reproof."
reprove] The verb, in classical prose, has always an argumentative reference; it is, to question, confute, disprove. And though in some N. T. passages this reference is not necessary to the sense, it is always admissible, and lies, as it were, behind the meaning of mere blame or censure. So here, the Christian is not merely to denounce evil, but by holy word and life to evince its misery and fallacy, to convict it (R. V. margin) of its true nature.Ephesians 5:11. Δὲ, καὶ) καὶ, even: it is not enough to abstain [yourself, you must also reprove others].—ἐλέγχετε, reprove) by words and deeds worthy of the light.Verse 11. - And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness. The point of this exhortation is in the adjective "unfruitful." The works of darkness are unfruitful; they produce no goodness, give rise to no satisfaction, to no moral results that are "a joy forever;" or, if fruit they have, it is shame, remorse, despair. Contrast this with the renovating, satisfying, joy-producing, fruits of righteousness. But rather even reprove them. Do not be content with a passive attitude towards them, but take the aggressive and expose their wickedness, whether in public or in the domestic circle. A testimony has to be lifted up against ways that are so shameful and that bring down the wrath of God.
See on Revelation 18:4; see on Revelation 1:9.
Unfruitful works (ἔργοις τοῖς ἀκάρποις)
Compare fruit, Ephesians 5:9, and Galatians 5:19, Galatians 5:22, works of the flesh, fruit of the Spirit. Works which bring no blessing with them. Compare Romans 6:21; Romans 8:13; Galatians 5:21; Galatians 6:8.
Reprove (ελέγχετε)
See on John 3:20.
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