text:
Florida International University pedestrian bridge collapse
National Transportation Safety Board members inspecting the collapsed pedestrian bridge on March 16
|March 15, 2018
|1:47 p.m. EDT
|University Park and Sweetwater, Florida, U.S.
|Bridge collapse
|Non-fatal injuries
On March 15, 2018, a 175-foot-long (53 m), recently-constructed section of the FIU-Sweetwater UniversityCity pedestrian bridge collapsed onto the Tamiami Trail (U.S. Route 41), resulting in six deaths, eight injuries, and eight vehicles being crushed underneath.[1][2]
The initial construction on the pedestrian bridge was located in front of the campus of FIU in University Park, a suburb west of Miami, Florida, United States, and was in the process of post-tension rod adjustment when it suddenly failed.[3] At the time of the collapse, the road beneath the bridge had been open to traffic.
An examination carried out by the Federal Highway Administration discovered faults in the design of the bridge, which overestimated the strength of the bridge in the region that failed and underestimated the load it would be expected to carry.[4] The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) issued a "News Release"[5] which said, "load and capacity calculation errors made by FIGG Bridge Engineers, Inc., are the probable cause of the fatal ... bridge collapse in Miami ..." The same day the NTSB released a "synopsis"[note 1] of its final report, which stated
... that the probable cause of the Florida International University (FIU) pedestrian bridge collapse was the load and capacity calculation errors made by FIGG Bridge Engineers, Inc., (FIGG) in its design of the main span truss member 11/12 nodal region and connection to the bridge deck. Contributing to the collapse was the inadequate peer review performed by Louis Berger, which failed to detect the calculation errors in the bridge design. Further contributing to the collapse was the failure of the FIGG engineer of record to identify the significance of the structural cracking observed in this node before the collapse and to obtain an independent peer review of the remedial plan to address the cracking. Contributing to the severity of the collapse outcome was the failure of MCM; FIGG; Bolton, Perez and Associates Consulting Engineers; FIU; and the Florida Department of Transportation to cease bridge work when the structure cracking reached unacceptable levels and to take appropriate action to close SW 8th Street as necessary to protect public safety.[6]
The New York Times concluded that "the chief probable cause" was "the design by FIGG Bridge Engineers", but that "every company, institution and agency involved in the project was partly to blame for the bridge collapse".[7]
The FIU Sweetwater UniversityCity pedestrian bridge, located just west of the intersection of Tamiami Trail (Southwest 8th Street) and Southwest 109th Avenue,[8] was planned to connect the FIU campus to student housing neighborhoods in Sweetwater.[9] It was intended to improve pedestrian safety, as the crosswalks at this wide, busy intersection had been identified as a safety hazard, and one student had already been struck and killed by a vehicle.[10] The $14.2 million project was funded with a $19.4 million Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery (TIGER) grant from the United States Department of Transportation in 2013, along with state agencies.[11] The bridge cost $9 million to construct, exclusive of the installation cost.[12]
The main companies behind the construction project were Munilla Construction Management (MCM), a Miami-based construction management firm, and FIGG Bridge Engineers, a Tallahassee-based firm.[13] Unlike most bridges in Florida, the design for this project was overseen by the university, not the Florida Department of Transportation.
Florida International University is known for its expertise in accelerated bridge construction (ABC) and has attracted international scholars as PhD students. It is home to the federally-funded Accelerated Bridge Construction University Transportation Center, which sponsors industry conferences and seminars.[14][15] The National Transportation Safety Board, however, found that with respect to the bridge, "F.I.U. had no professional engineers on its staff and relied solely on the expertise of its hired contractors."[7]
Bridge layout[edit]
The full 320-foot-long (98 m) pedestrian bridge was to cross both a major roadway and a parallel water canal with two separate spans connected at a faux cable-stayed tower. The main roadway-crossing span was 175 ft long, and the shorter canal span was to be 99 ft long. An elevator and stairs at the south end added 31 ft, and at the north end, 15 feet, for a total bridge length of 320 feet.[16] At the bridge site, the Tamiami Trail roadway has seven lanes of traffic plus one turn lane.[2]
The school was on spring break at the time of collapse.[3] The canal span, access ramps, and faux cable-stayed tower had not yet been built. Pedestrian use was to begin when the entire project was complete.The section of the bridge that collapsed weighed 950 short tons (860 metric tons) and fell onto several vehicles on the roadway below.
Bridge design and construction[edit]
The new pedestrian bridge was designed to connect the campus to student housing in a dramatic sculptural way, and also to showcase the school's leadership in the ABC method of rapid bridge construction.[17][18] The bridge was meant to last more than 100 years, and to withstand a Category 5 hurricane, according to a statement by the university.[19]
The full bridge project was styled to look like a cable-stayed bridge, with a pylon tower and high cables for dramatic effect, but functionally and structurally it was actually a truss bridge, with the spans being fully self-supporting.[17][20][21] The bridge spans used a novel concrete truss design invented for this project, a "re-invented I-beam concept". Concrete truss bridges are rarely constructed, and few exist.[22] The vertical web of the beam was a series of triangulated concrete diagonal struts along the centerline, and the diagonal angles of the struts varied across the bridge so they would align with pipes from the center pylon, in the eventual faux cable-stayed appearance.[23] The concrete walkway deck was to act as the horizontal bottom flange of a wide I-beam, and the concrete roof canopy was to function as the horizontal top flange of the I-beam.[17] The walkway was thus nearer to ground level than in a standard design where the walkway is placed on top of the structural support system.[17] This reduced the number of steps to climb. The deck was to carry the entire weight of the bridge span, as a tension load. The canopy was to carry the structure's main compressive loads. The diagonal struts would carry either compression or tension forces, depending on their angle and position.
The bridge was a post-tensioned concrete structure.[17] Concrete structures are generally ten times heavier than equivalent steel designs.[24] The bridge was made using a new formulation for concrete intended to stay cleaner than standard concrete formulations.[25] In the main bridge span, the concrete floor deck, roof, and diagonal struts each contained post-tensioning cables whose compressive effect on the concrete could be adjusted after the concrete was cured.[17] Adjustments were expected each time the span was moved onto a different foundation with different support points.
A specification change from FDOT late in the planning phase required relocating both piers of the main span 11 feet (3 meters) north to allow for a future light rail right-of-way near the canal, causing some changes in construction.[26]
Construction of the bridge began in March 2016 and was scheduled to be completed in December 2018.[12][27] The bridge's main span was assembled adjacent to the highway using accelerated bridge construction.[3] It was lifted into place on the morning of March 10,[28] five days before the collapse, during a weekend closure of the roadway.[29][30]
FIU-Sweetwater UniversityCity Bridge
|25°45′40″N 80°22′22″W / 25.7612°N 80.3728°WCoordinates: 25°45′40″N 80°22′22″W / 25.7612°N 80.3728°W
|Pedestrian traffic
|Tamiami Trail
|University Park and Sweetwater, Florida, U.S.
|Total length
|320 feet (98 m)
|Longest span
|175 feet (53 m)
|Engineering design by
|FIGG Bridge Engineers
|Constructed by
|Munilla Construction Management
|Construction cost
|$14.2 million
|March 15, 2018
Reports of cracking[edit]
Two days before the collapse, on March 13, the third day after lifting of the main span, the project's lead engineer discovered cracks at the north end of the span (the end that later broke). He reported this by voicemail to a Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) employee. He thought this was not an immediate safety issue, merely something that would need to be repaired later.[31] The FDOT recipient was away for several days and did not hear this message until the day after the collapse.[32][33]
At 9 a.m. on March 15, a university employee heard a loud "whip cracking" sound while under the bridge span, waiting for a red traffic light.[34] At the same time, the design-build team met for about two hours at the construction site to discuss the cracks discovered on March 13. Representatives from both FIU and FDOT were present. The FIGG lead engineer's conclusions were that the structural integrity of the bridge was not compromised and that there were no safety concerns raised by the presence of the crack.[35] FIGG also insisted that no crack repairs should be carried out until the stabilizing of the node and pylon diaphragm with post-tensioning was completed.[36]
The mayor of Miami-Dade County, Carlos A. Giménez, said that workers conducted a stress test on the morning of March 15.[37]
At 1:47 p.m. on March 15, the north end of the installed bridge span sagged deeply as the first diagonal fractured, folded, and immediately dropped the heavy full span onto the roadway below. A surveillance video shows the collapse sequence took only a few video frames. As the post-tensioning operation by the VSL company was being carried out on bridge diagonal member support #11, the bottom joint (which contained the anchor nut for the post-tensioning rod) apparently failed explosively, causing the bridge to collapse.[citation needed]
United States Senator and FIU adjunct professor Marco Rubio tweeted that engineers were tightening loosened cables on March 15:[37] Workers were adding more tension to the steel rod (tendon) inside a concrete diagonal strut at the north end.[32] The National Transportation Safety Board, who are investigating the collapse, stated that crews were applying "post-tensioning force" on the bridge before the collapse.[38]
Six people were killed and eight others were injured.[1][39][40] Five of the victims were killed immediately when the bridge fell; one died at the hospital. Navaro Brown, aged 37, worked for VSL, the company contracted to apply post-tensioning and died in the collapse. Two other employees of VSL were hospitalized. The other deceased victims of the tragedy were Alberto Arias, 53, Brandon Brownfield, 39, FIU student Alexa Duran, 18, Rolando Fraga, 60, and Oswaldo Gonzalez, 57.[41][42][43]
At the time of the collapse, the roadway was open, and multiple cars were stopped at a traffic light under the span.[44][45] Eight cars were crushed.[40] A driver who survived the collapse reported that small rocks fell onto her car just before the front of her car was crushed.[46] A worker saved himself when he heard cracking and locked his safety harness just before the collapse.[47]
Southwest 8th Street between Southwest 107th and 117th Avenues was closed until March 24 while the debris was cleared.[48]
On March 15, 2018, the NTSB launched a Go-team of 15 people to investigate the bridge collapse. The accident number assigned is HWY18MH009.[49] On March 16, 2018 the NTSB Investigators held their first press conference to discuss the inquiry into the bridge collapse. Noteworthy points from the meeting included a statement that the inquiry was in the very early stages, that cracks in the bridge superstructure did not necessarily make the bridge unsafe, that on-site investigations would take about a week, that preserving perishable evidence was crucial, and that bridge workers were applying a "post-tensioning force" on the bridge before the failure.[50] Also on March 16, 2018, the FDOT released a letter to the public with information about the bridge collapse:
According to standard procedures, FDOT issued a permit at the request of FIU's design build team to close SW 8th Street during the installation of the FIU pedestrian bridge on Saturday, March 10. While FDOT has issued, following a request from the FIU design build team, a blanket permit allowing for two-lane closures effective from January through April, at no time, from installation until the collapse of the bridge, did FDOT receive a request to close the entire road. The department was also not made aware by the FIU design build team of any scheduled "stress testing" of the bridge following installation and has no knowledge or confirmation from FIU's design build team of "stress testing" occurring since installation. Per standard safety procedure, FDOT would issue a permit for partial or full road closure if deemed necessary and requested by the FIU design build team or FIU contracted construction inspector for structural testing.
Additional, in the interest of full transparency, FDOT is today releasing the transcript of a voicemail left on a landline on Tuesday, March 13, by W. Denney Pate, FIGG's lead engineer responsible for the FIU pedestrian bridge project. The transcription is below ... :
"Hey Tom, this is Denney Pate with FIGG bridge engineers. Calling to, uh, share with you some information about the FIU pedestrian bridge and some cracking that's been observed on the north end of the span, the pylon end of that span we moved this weekend. Um, so, uh, we've taken a look at it and, uh, obviously some repairs or whatever will have to be done but from a safety perspective we don't see that there's any issue there so we're not concerned about it from that perspective although obviously the cracking is not good and something's going to have to be, ya know, done to repair that. At any rate, I wanted to chat with you about that because I suspect at some point that's gonna get to your desk. So, uh, at any rate, call me back when you can. Thank you. Bye."
This voicemail was left on a landline and not heard by an FDOT employee until Friday, March 16 as the employee was out of the office on assignment.
On Wednesday, March 14, Alfredo Reyna, the Assistant LAP Coordinator and an FDOT consultant, received a phone call from Rafeal Urdaneta, a Bolton Perez & Associates employee, notifying him of a midday meeting scheduled for Thursday, March 15 with W. Denney Pate and other members of the FIU design build team that are responsible for the project. FDOT is routinely included in meetings during LAP project construction. Reyna attended the meeting which occurred shortly before the bridge failure and collapse and was not notified of any life-safety issues, need for additional road closures or requests for any other assistance from FDOT.
The responsibility to identify and address life-safety issues and properly communicate them is the sole responsibility of the FIU design build team. At no point during any of the communications above did FIGG or any member of the FIU design build team ever communicate a life-safety issue. Again, FIGG and the FIU design build team never alerted FDOT of any life-safety issue regarding the FIU pedestrian bridge prior to collapse. (bold in original)
The failure and collapse of the pedestrian bridge at FIU is the subject of an active and ongoing investigation led by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) as well as local and state law enforcement investigations. As FDOT assists in these investigations, we will continue our internal review and release all pertinent information as quickly as possible while ensuring its accuracy.[51]
On March 21, 2018, the NTSB sent out a press release detailing the items from the collapse that required further examination at the Turner Fairbank Highway Research Center, in McLean, Virginia. They also confirmed workers were adjusting rod tension when the collapse occurred.[52]
On May 23, 2018, the NTSB released a preliminary report titled "Highway: Collapse of Pedestrian Bridge Under Construction Miami, Florida (HWY18MH009)" which summarized the accident. They said they are evaluating the emergence of cracks in the region of diagonal members 2 (south end of the bridge) and 11 (north end of bridge), and the propagation of cracks in the region of diagonal member 11. Pictures of the cracks from February 24 (before the walkway had been moved into place) were also given.[2] Consulting engineers Bolton-Perez and Associates, had taken several pictures of severe cracks in diagonal member 11 and adjacent to vertical member 12 which had appeared when the bridge was moved into place on March 10.[40][53]
The Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, at the request of the NTSB, tested samples of steel and concrete from the collapsed bridge, and found that the materials met the project requirements. The NTSB similarly asked the FHWA to examine the design of the bridge. The FHWA examination discovered that the bridge designers had overestimated the strength of one section of the bridge — at the point where the diagonal member 11 and vertical member 12 met the bridge deck — and underestimated the load that that same section would carry.[4]
In June 2019, OSHA released its final report on the FIU bridge collapse[54] and concluded FIGG Bridge Engineers failed to recognize collapse was imminent when they inspected the bridge hours earlier. They also concluded the bridge had structural design deficiencies, severe cracks were wrongly ignored by the Engineer of Record and warranted street closure, and contract bridge design experts violated basic FDOT construction requirements. On October 8, 2019, the NTSB released over 6,000 pages relating to its investigation of the collapse, including letters submitted to the NTSB by the various companies associated with the bridge construction.[55] A final NTSB public hearing on the bridge accident was held October 22, 2019, in Washington, D.C., and concluded "that load and capacity calculation errors made by FIGG Bridge Engineers, Inc., are the probable cause of the fatal, March 15, 2018, Florida International University pedestrian bridge collapse in Miami."[56]
Legal action[edit]
On March 19, 2018, the first civil lawsuit was filed against FIGG Bridge Engineers, MCM, Bolton Perez & Associates, the project's consulting engineer, Louis Berger, and Network Engineering Services for reckless negligence.[57]
On March 21, 2018, U.S. Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao asked the department's inspector general to probe whether the federally funded pedestrian bridge complied with all rules.[58] A subsequent internal memorandum from the Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Transportation, dated March 22, 2018, expressed concerns the project complied with Federal specifications, and that the objective of an audit will be to assess whether the Florida International University pedestrian bridge met Federal and DOT requirements for the TIGER application, approval, and grant agreement processes[59]
On March 28, 2018, the Miami Herald reported they were denied access to FIU documents related to the bridge construction, citing federal regulations that prevent release of non-public information related to the bridge construction and design project when an NTSB investigation is in progress. A lawyer for Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press indicated more information should be released under the Florida Sunshine Law, citing intense public interest in the collapse.[60] On May 2, 2018, the Miami Herald filed a lawsuit against FDOT in Florida's Leon County Circuit Court to compel the FDOT to release emails, meeting minutes and other records relating to the bridge's design and construction.[61] On May 3, 2018, a lawyer for the NTSB wrote a letter to Judge Cooper of the 2nd Judicial Circuit of Florida in Tallahassee urging the court to deny a ruling that would favor the Miami Herald plaintiff, for the release of any bridge information generated after a February 19, 2018, cutoff date.[62]
On May 7, 2018, the Miami Herald reported they had received a copy of a memo with photographs from FIU dated February 28, 2018, that had been sent to the Munilla Construction Management company, the bridge project's builder. The memo, which has since been rescinded back from Public view, purportedly urged the bridge engineer to respond to their concerns about significant cracks in the concrete joint at connection between the No. 11 truss and the bridge deck.[63]
On June 4, 2018, Judge Cooper declined to dismiss the Miami Herald case (which had requested more public information) and asked that the NTSB first be given the option of joining the lawsuit either as an amicus (friend of the court) or as a defendant.[64]
On June 15, 2018, U.S. Attorney Christopher P. Canova sent a letter to Judge Cooper to request that any rulings in the pending case be delayed until the federal government is able to determine if it should file a statement of interest.[65]
On June 27, 2018, the Travelers Indemnity Company and The Phoenix Insurance Company submitted an 18-page complaint for declaratory relief in U.S. District Court for Florida Southern District, Miami Division. The lawsuit filing seeks to avoid financial liability to the claimants and included the following statement: "There is no coverage under Travelers' and Phoenix's policies issued to Figg for any damages caused by the joint venture and/or partnership between Figg and MCM, as such joint venture and/or partnership was never disclosed to Travelers and Phoenix and does not qualify as an insured under either of the Policies issued to Figg."[66]
On July 26, 2018, the case before Circuit Judge John Cooper was still waiting for Canova's office to file a notice about participating. The case was reassigned to Circuit Judge Kevin Carroll from Judge Cooper.[67]
On July 30, 2018, the NTSB filed a statement of intent supporting the state's motion to dismiss the case. On the following day, Judge Carroll asked all parties to prepare for a ruling later in the week, as he weighed Federal and State law arguments.[68]
On August 21, 2018, Leon County Circuit Judge Kevin Carroll ruled the FDOT "shall produce to The Herald the requested records, but that production shall be limited to records from February 20th to March 15th (prior to the collapse)".[69] However, two days later and just as the FDOT was about to release documents, the Florida State ruling was temporarily blocked by U.S. District Court Judge William Stafford on a request from the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Northern District of Florida (on behalf of the NTSB, who is seeking to move the case to a Federal Court).[70] On October 5, Federal Judge Stafford made a final ruling to block the requested documents.[71]
The following is from a September 18, 2018 OSHA News Release — Region 4: The U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) on Friday, September 14, cited multiple contractors for safety violations after one employee suffered fatal injuries and five other employees sustained serious injuries when a pedestrian bridge at the Florida International University campus in Miami collapsed. The five companies collectively received seven violations, totaling $86,658 in proposed penalties. OSHA cited Figg Bridge Engineers Inc., a civil and structural engineering company; Network Engineering Services Inc. (doing business as Bolton Perez & Assoc.), a construction engineering and inspection firm; Structural Technologies LLC (doing business as Structural Technologies/VSL), specializing in post-tensioning in bridges and buildings; Munilla Construction Management LLC, a bridge and building construction company; and The Structural Group of South Florida Inc., a contractor specializing in concrete formwork.[72]
A total of 18 civil lawsuits were filed against 25 businesses connected to the failed FIU bridge project. Miami-Dade Circuit Judge Jennifer Bailey is overseeing the on-going case.[73]
On March 1, 2019, Munilla Construction Management, the main Miami-based contractor behind the pedestrian bridge construction, announced a restructuring and recapitalization of the company through a Chapter 11 bankruptcy petition plan of reorganization.[74] The company reached a settlement deal with the victims and their families on May 2, 2019, that would pay up to $42 million.[75]
Replacement bridge[edit]
On May 6, 2020, FDOT announced plans to design and rebuild the bridge, with guidance from the NTSB. The design stage is scheduled to begin in 2021 and last for two years, with a further two years estimated to construct the bridge.[76]
See also[edit]
- ^ This is a synopsis ... and does not include the Board's rationale for the conclusions, probable cause, and safety recommendations. NTSB staff is currently making final revisions to the report ... which ... will be distributed ... as soon as possible.
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- ^ a b c "Preliminary Report- Highway: Collapse of Pedestrian Bridge Under Construction Miami, Florida (HWY18MH009)". NTSB. Archived from the original on May 24, 2018. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
- ^ a b c Viglucci, Andres; Madan, Monique O.; Hanks, Douglas; Chang, Daniel (March 15, 2018). "At least 4 dead in catastrophic FIU pedestrian bridge collapse; 9 rescued from rubble". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
- ^ a b "NTSB Issues 2nd Investigative Update in FIU Bridge Collapse Investigation". NTSB. November 15, 2018. Archived from the original on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 17, 2018.
- ^ NTSB Media Relations. "Load, Capacity Calculation Errors, Inadequate Peer Review Led to Pedestrian Bridge Collapse". National Transportation Safety Board. NTSB Office of Public Affairs. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
- ^ NTSB. "Public Meeting" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. NTSB. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
- ^ a b "Flawed Design, Lax Oversight Led to 'Astounding' Miami Bridge Collapse". The New York Times. October 22, 2019. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
- ^ "FIU Bridge Collapse: Four Dead, 8 Cars Trapped Underneath". CBS Miami. March 15, 2018. Archived from the original on March 17, 2018. Retrieved March 17, 2018.
- ^ Ashaboglu, Selin (March 15, 2018). "Miami Pedestrian Bridge Collapses". ARCHITECT. Archived from the original on March 16, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
- ^ Rodriguez, Marybel (August 22, 2017). "Pedestrian Bridge In The Works For FIU Students To Cross Busy 8th Street". CBS 4 Miami. Archived from the original on March 16, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
- ^ "FIU Pedestrian Bridge Construction Using Innovative Approach By Swinging Into Place". CBSLocal. WFOR-TV. March 10, 2018. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
- ^ a b Harris, Alex (August 24, 2017). "A walking bridge for FIU students is coming soon. But it's too late for one student". Miami Herald. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
- ^ Gomez Licon, Adriana; Replogle, Josh (March 16, 2018). "Tearful families wait as bodies remain under failed bridge". Associated Press. Archived from the original on March 17, 2018. Retrieved March 17, 2018.
- ^ Mazzei, Patricia; Saul, Stephanie (March 17, 2018). "Bridge Collapse Saps Spirits and Research Efforts at Florida International University". The New York Times.
- ^ "Home - Accelerated Bridge Construction". Accelerated Bridge Construction. Archived from the original on March 18, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
- ^ "General Plan and Elevation" (PDF). Florida International University. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 26, 2018. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f MCM. "MCM design-build proposal" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 18, 2018. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
- ^ Tylin International (May 6, 2015). "Design Criteria, FIU-UniversityCity Prosperity Project - Pedestrian Bridge" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 18, 2018.
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- ^ Jansen, Bart (March 16, 2018). "Miami bridge that collapsed was a truss design, despite the cosmetic tower, support cables". USA Today. Archived from the original on March 16, 2018. Retrieved March 17, 2018.
- ^ FIU Bridge Collapse NTSB Update. Robert Accetta (press briefing speaker). WSVN-TV. March 16, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018 – via YouTube.CS1 maint: others (link)
- ^ Bridgehunter. "concrete truss bridges". Archived from the original on March 22, 2018. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
- ^ "Miami bridge that collapsed was a truss design, despite the cosmetic tower, support cables". Retrieved April 27, 2018.
- ^ Staletovich, Jenny; Rodriguez, Rene; Flechas, Joey. "Stress test may have contributed to collapse of FIU pedestrian bridge". Archived from the original on March 17, 2018. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
- ^ News, F. I. U. (March 10, 2018). "#DidYouKnow the new pedestrian bridge that will connect our FIU and the @CitySweetwater is the first in the world to be constructed entirely of self-cleaning concrete? #WorldsAheadpic.twitter.com/lQVJh09Pv2". @FIUnews. Retrieved March 17, 2018.
- ^ Jason Dearen and Jennifer Kay. "Key design change stymied bridge cost, schedule". Archived from the original on March 23, 2018. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
- ^ Kiah, Clara-Meretan (March 30, 2016). "FIU, Sweetwater break ground for bridge to the future". Florida International University. Archived from the original on March 16, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
- ^ Clara-Meretan Kiah (March 14, 2018). "Community gathers to watch 950-ton bridge move across Southwest 8th Street". FIU News. Florida International University. Archived from the original on July 25, 2019. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
- ^ Viglucci, Andres (March 10, 2018). "'Instant' bridge aims to make a dangerous crossing safer for thousands of students". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
- ^ Madan, Monique O. (March 8, 2018). "If you plan to drive on SW Eighth Street this weekend, you'll be rerouted here". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on March 16, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
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- ^ Batchelor, Amanda; Suarez, Carlos (March 15, 2018). "Several dead after newly-installed portion of FIU pedestrian bridge collapses". Local 10 News. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
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- ^ NTSB (March 15, 2018). "Pedestrian bridge collapse". Archived from the original on March 20, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
- ^ Jennifer Kay and Allen G. Breed (March 17, 2018). "Authorities are investigating whether reported cracking contributed to the collapse of a Florida bridge that killed 6 people". Business Insider. Archived from the original on March 16, 2018. Retrieved March 17, 2018.
- ^ "News Releases". Archived from the original on May 6, 2018. Retrieved May 5, 2018.
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- ^ "INVESTIGATIVE UPDATE" (PDF). NTSB. August 9, 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 10, 2019. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on June 25, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2019.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "Accident ID HWY18MH009 Mode Highway occurred on March 15, 2018 in Miami, FL United States Last Modified on November 22, 2019 15:11 Public Released on October 08, 2019 11:10 Total 120 document items".
- ^ "Load, Capacity Calculation Errors, Inadequate Peer Review Led to Pedestrian Bridge Collapse".
- ^ Martin Vassolo. "Survivor of FIU bridge collapse sues design-construction firms". miamiherald. Archived from the original on March 19, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
- ^ Shepardson, David (March 20, 2018). "U.S. Transportation Secretary seeks probe of fatal Florida bridge collapse". Reuters. Archived from the original on March 23, 2018.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 26, 2018. Retrieved March 26, 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ Viglucci, Andres; Staletovich, Jenny (March 30, 2018). "Two weeks ago, FIU's bridge abruptly collapsed. Here's what we know so far". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on April 29, 2018. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 3, 2018. Retrieved May 3, 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "Cloudup". cloudup.com.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 7, 2018. Retrieved May 7, 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "Florida officials ask judge to block release of records on collapsed FIU bridge". Orlando Weekly. The News Service of Florida. Archived from the original on June 21, 2018. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
- ^ Rosica, Jim. "Feds weigh entering lawsuit over FIU bridge records". Archived from the original on July 8, 2019. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved July 11, 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on July 28, 2018. Retrieved July 27, 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on August 1, 2018. Retrieved August 1, 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ Nehamas, Nick. "Judge's order on FIU bridge". www.documentcloud.org. Miami Herald. Archived from the original on August 22, 2018. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on August 24, 2018. Retrieved August 23, 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on October 6, 2018. Retrieved October 6, 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "U.S. Department of Labor Cites Five Contractors for Safety Violations Following Florida Pedestrian Bridge Collapse | Occupational Safety and Health Administration". www.osha.gov. Archived from the original on September 19, 2018. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
- ^ Pipitone, Tony. "Victim's Father Frustrated As FIU Bridge Litigation Drags On". NBC 6 South Florida. Archived from the original on March 24, 2019. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
- ^ "MCM Reorganizing Under Chapter 11 | MCM US". www.mcm-us.com. Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 3, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2019.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "FDOT Planning on New Pedestrian Bridge at FIU, After 2018 Collapse Killed 6". NBC 6 South Florida. May 6, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
External links[edit]
- TSB Chairman Robert Sumwalt briefs media on the Miami, FL bridge collapse investigation on YouTube, NTSB, OMarch 16, 2018
- Computer animation showing the assembly of the FIU pedestrian bridge, MCM — Munilla Construction Management
- FIU Pedestrian Bridge on YouTube, Munilla Construction Management, November 18, 2015
- timelapse bridge square on YouTube, Florida International University, March 14, 2018
- An initial rendering of the bridge. Actual location is an opposite side of Southwest 109th Avenue, Florida International University
- Accelerated Bridge Construction, University Transportation Center, Florida International University
- Pedestrian Bridge Collapse Over SW 8th Street HWY18MH009 on YouTube, NTSB, October 22, 2019
- NTSB Board Meeting: Pedestrian Bridge Collapse Over SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida on YouTube, NTSB, October 23, 2019


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Category Archive For "Kraken"
Layer 2 Will Make Bitcoin as Easy to Use as the Dollar, Says Kraken CEO
Kraken CEO Jesse Powell told Bloomberg in a recent interview that Bitcoin would surpass gold as a store of value in the long-term.
Crikey! Kraken Launches Support for Aussie Dollar Trading Pairs
Kraken has launched support for trading and funding in AUD six months after acquiring veteran Australian crypto exchange Bit Trade.
Building Empires: Biggest Crypto Exchanges Push for Global Presence
Crypto exchanges such as OKEx, Binance, Huobi, Kraken and Bitmex outline the key challenges they face in pushing to establish global operations.
Coinbase CEO Suggests Dodging 'Mean, Snarky' Media
Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong is one of many crypto executives who prefers writing a blog to answering questions from mainstream journalists.
Users' Funds Are Safe Following Reported Etana Custody Breach
While no user funds were impacted, a recent breach of custody provider and Kraken partner Etana may have compromised customer data
Two Crypto Exchanges Paid High Ethererum Fees to Ensure Quick Withdrawals
Data From Flipside Crypto shows that as Black Thursday occurred, two major crypto exchanges paid high Ether fees to guarantee withdrawals were processed quickly
Kraken Appoints SAFT Architect Marco Santori as Chief Legal Officer
SAFT architect and crypto lawyer Marco Santori is now in charge Kraken's legal team
Most Traders Expect New All-Time High Price for Bitcoin in 2020
While traders predict BTC will set new record highs, the average price prediction for ETH is $810
Kraken Predicts Wealth Transfer will Cause BTC Rise to $350K by 2045
The price of Bitcoin could increase to $350,000 in the coming decades if younger generations invest 5% of their inheritance in crypto
Crypto Exchanges Made a Killing During the Ides of March
While March 2020 has been one of the most volatile and unprofitable months for Bitcoin holders, exchanges saw major volume surges and resulting profits
Crypto Exchange Kraken Launches Forex Trading for Nine Currency Pairs
Cryptocurrency exchange Kraken appears to have become the first major industry platform to launch traditional forex trading
UK Financial Watchdog Retracts Kraken Warning, but BitMEX Caution Stays Up
The UK regulator has issued a 'scammers' warning about BitMEX and Kraken — but was forced to quickly retract the notice about Kraken
Major Crypto Exchanges Lament Outsized Scrutiny From US IRS
Major crypto exchanges fear that U.S. regulators see the industry as far more dangerous than it really is, posing major obstacles to development
Kraken Donates 17.5 Bitcoin to Collaborative Hackerspace Noisebridge
Kraken donated 17.5 Bitcoin to San Francisco's anarchist hackerspace Noisebridge
Trezor Wallets Can Be Hacked, Kraken Reveals
Trezor hardware wallets can be hacked, and software fixes are impossible
Coinbase-Backed Crypto Ratings Council Adds eToro, OKCoin
Coinbase-backed Crypto Ratings Council, a group of major U.S. crypto firms looking for regulatory clarity, welcomes eToro, OKCoin and Radar as new members
Kraken Hires Former CoinDesk Editor Pete Rizzo for Content Department
Pete Rizzo, who left CoinDesk in September, has joined Kraken's content production department
Australia's Oldest Crypto Exchange Joins Growing Roster of Kraken Acquisitions
Kraken announces the acquisition of Bit Trade, Australia's oldest crypto exchange
Joint Coinbase-Circle Stablecoin Project USDC Listed on Competitor Kraken
Kraken lists stablecoin USDC
Law Enforcement Requests to Kraken Hit All-Time-High, Up 49% in 2019
The new 2019 Transparency Report from crypto exchange Kraken reveals that the number of data requests it receives from law enforcement agencies worldwide continues to rise

subset: commoncrawl


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"Local businesses are the primary engines of job creation, which drive the national economy. With the COVID-19 situation, IFC's support will enable us to extend financial relief to our local clients," IFC quoted Gary Tseng, CEO of Phu My Hung, as saying. … [Read more...] about IFC lends Ho Chi Minh City-based property firm $75mn to recover from COVID-19
Local it firms
Thai firm buys two wind power farms in VN
The company reported to the Stock Exchange of Thailand that it entered into a share purchase agreement with Dien Xanh Gia Lai Investment Energy Joint Stock Co (DGI), the developer and operator of the two onshore wind farm projects, each with a capacity of 50 megawatts. … [Read more...] about Thai firm buys two wind power farms in VN
Stronger actions needed for economic rebound
However, similar to the second quarter, if the pandemic continues to plague the world, Vietnam's economy could face even more hardships. Currently, the economy is open with heavy reliance on imports and exports, so obtaining high growth rates in the last quarters proves to be unrealisable unless the pandemic is successfully contained. … [Read more...] about Stronger actions needed for economic rebound
HCM City seeks to draw additional FDI flows after COVID-19
During the past five months the southern metropolis has granted 450 new projects with a total registered capital of over US$248 million, of which 80 of them have subsequently made adjustments to increase capital. More than 1,900 investors have contributed capital, purchased shares, and bought back contributed capital with a total value in excess of US$1.2 billion. The major fields in terms of FDI attraction are trade, technology, processing, and manufacturing, with Japan currently the leading country in terms of foreign financiers, accounting for 32% of total investment capital in the city. … [Read more...] about HCM City seeks to draw additional FDI flows after COVID-19
Guiding decrees needed to fight with transfer pricing in Vietnam
The current law for the first time stipulates the principles of declaration and determination of calculating prices for associated transactions as follows: declaration, determination of transaction price is based on the principle of analysis, compared with independent transactions and the principle of the nature of the operation, the transaction of determining the tax obligations needs to be paid as in the condition of transactions between independent parties. … [Read more...] about Guiding decrees needed to fight with transfer pricing in Vietnam


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Reliance Jio's FTTP deployment is not without challenges, but the prognosis is good
20 July 2018 | Research
Article | PDF (3 pages) | Fixed Broadband Services| Operator Investment Strategies| Asia–Pacific
"Reliance Jio's FTTP deployment is set to change the Indian fixed broadband market forever."
Reliance Industries announced plans for its new Jio Gigafiber FTTP service at its 2018 AGM. Having disrupted the mobile market, the company now intends to expand into the wireline segment and is planning to extend fibre connectivity to homes, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large enterprises across 1100 cities, with the potential to cover 50 million premises. This comment assesses the potential of Reliance Jio's FTTP deployment and the factors that will help and hinder the development of a profitable roll-out.
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COVID-19: operators can adapt the FTTP installation process
COVID-19: the role of telecoms policy makers in levelling up
Fixed broadband operators should address the risks of substitution posed by large data volume handset plans


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Assassin's Creed franchise has sold over 73 million copies
Ubisoft announces that it has sold over 73 million copies of its Assassin's Creed series.
By now you're probably aware that Ubisoft's Assassin's Creed franchise is a big seller, but just how many copies has the franchise sold? 73 million sold, according to Ubisoft's website.
The game joins Ubisoft's other "worldwide best-selling franchises" list, which includes Far Cry, a few of the Tom Clancy titles, and more. Assassin's Creed has six titles under its belt, after it debuted back in 2007, on top of eight additional games on browser and portable platforms. Second behind Assassin's Creed is something you wouldn't have guessed - Just Dance - which has sold 48 million copies.
Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell has sold 30 million copies, Rainbow Six with 26 million and Ghost Recon with 25 million. Assassin's Creed: Unity is also on its way, which will hit PS4, Xbox One and PC later this year.
Last updated: Jun 16, 2020 at 04:29 pm CDT
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- > NEXT STORY: Oculus Rift receives teardown treatment, done in stop-motion
- < PREVIOUS STORY: Feds create custom teams to target cybercrime, security fraud


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Our programs provide quality court-based advocacy for abused and neglected children. See how you can help.
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Join us as we come together as a community to support children who are neglected or abused.
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Become a child's voice in court—become a CASA volunteer.
Make a difference.
When mindful meditation becomes part of your daily routine, you'll notice its benefits become a regular part of your life.
There's no doubt about it: the early bird does get the worm, and if you strive to live a more altruistic lifestyle, your morning routine should play an important role.
If you want to live a more altruistic lifestyle, start by reprogramming your brain to think more positively. Try out these six tips to focus your thoughts and train your brain to be more positive.
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NOTICE: Many events listed here have been canceled or postponed due to the Covid-19 emergency. It is best to call ahead or check with organizer's websites to verify the status of any local event.
|Other Tour Dates (26)
|Jul 8
|Sangamon Auditorium Springfield, Illinois
|Jul 23
|Centennial Terrace Sylvania, Ohio
|Jul 24
|Fraze Pavilion For The Perf. Arts Dayton, Ohio
|Jul 26
|Festival Of Ballooning Stage Whitehouse Station, New Jersey
|Aug 2
|DPAC - Durham Performing Arts Center Durham, North Carolina
|Aug 18
|Ralston Arena Ralston, Nebraska
|Aug 19
|Styx & Tesla
|Iowa State Fair Des Moines, Iowa
|Aug 21
|Styx (Rescheduled from 4/18, 6/19)
|Sweetland Amphitheater Lagrange, Georgia
|Sep 4
|Styx Tickets (19+ Event, Rescheduled from May 21, 2020)
|The Colosseum at Caesars Windsor Windsor, CAN
|Sep 12
|Styx & Jefferson Starship
|Adams County Fair Grounds Brighton, Colorado
|Sep 13
|Amarillo Civic Center Auditorium Amarillo, Texas
|Sep 15
|Styx and REO Speedwagon
|Utah State Fair Park Salt Lake City, Utah
|Sep 23
|Styx and REO Speedwagon
|Washington State Fair Events Center Puyallup, Washington
|Oct 8
|Nutty Brown Cafe Austin, Texas
|Oct 10
|Levitt Pavilion Arlington, Texas
Styx (pronounced: /stɪks/) is an American rock band. Their hit songs have included "Come Sail Away", "Lady", "Mr. Roboto", "Renegade", "Babe", "Blue Collar Man" and "The Best of Times". The eight consecutive albums certified multi-platinum by the RIAA.
Styx formed in Chicago. Twin brothers Chuck and John Panozzo first got together with their neighbor Dennis DeYoung in 1961 in the Roseland section of the south side of Chicago, eventually taking the band name "The Tradewinds". Chuck Panozzo left to attend seminary school for a year but returned to the group by 1964. By this time, the others had brought in guitarist Tom Nardini to teach Chuck the guitar. Chuck decided to rejoin the others as bassist. Brother John was the drummer, while Dennis had switched from accordion to organ and piano. In 1965, the name "Tradewinds" was changed to TW4 after another band called The Trade Winds broke through nationally. By 1966, the Panozzo brothers had joined DeYoung at Chicago State University and kept the group together doing gigs at high schools and frat parties while studying to be teachers. In 1969, they added a college buddy, John Curulewski, on guitar after Nardini departed. Guitarist James "J.Y." Young came aboard in 1970 making TW4 a quintet.
In 1972, the band members decided to choose a new name when they signed to Wooden Nickel Records; several suggestions were made and, says DeYoung, Styx was chosen because it was "the only one that none of us hated".
The Grand Illusion (1977) became the group's breakthrough album, reaching Triple Platinum certification and spawning a top-ten hit and AOR radio staple in the DeYoung-written "Come Sail Away,", which reached #8 in 1978, as well as a second radio hit, Shaw's "Fooling Yourself (The Angry Young Man)", which reached #29 the same year.
Through the late 1970s, the band enjoyed its greatest success. The album Pieces of Eight (1978) found the group moving in a more straight-ahead pop-rock direction and spawned the Shaw-written hit singles "Renegade,", #16 in the U.S., and "Blue Collar Man (Long Nights)," #21 in the U.S., plus a minor hit in the release "Sing for the Day" that stopped just short of the Top Forty at #41.[2]
Cornerstone (1979) yielded the group's first number one hit, the DeYoung ballad "Babe" [3]. By early 1980, "Babe" had become the band's biggest international hit and first million-selling single, reaching number six in the United Kingdom [4]. The album also included the #26 DeYoung hit "Why Me", and "Borrowed Time" which was co-written with Shaw, plus Shaw's "Boat On The River". The popularity of the album helped win the band a People's Choice Award for Best New Song in 1980. Styx was nominated for the Twenty-Second Grammy Awards[5] for Best Rock Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group. Cornerstone's engineers Gary Loizzo and Rob Kingsland were nominated for a Grammy[6] at the 22nd Grammy Awards for Best Engineered Recording.
(From Wikipedia)
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Advice to Single Ladies Preparing For Marriage (no 3 is so important)
We have seen marriages destroyed after few months on the marriage, some will even divorce in just one month. Most of these divorces are not always caused by men, ladies are also at fault. This educative article will pass some lessons to the ladies out there who are preparing to marry sooner or later. Let's go ;
ALSO READ Are you in love with someone you can have? This will help you out
Dear ladies please when you are packing your bags into that marriage, bring the following things along with you if you really want to build a blissful and colourful marriage
1. Don't just bring your breasts, come along with your brain. You know why? After childbearing & breastfeeding, that breasts may fall down in shape. Your breasts may fall but your brain must not fall lest your marriage falls with it! Come along with a functional brain! You need it more than your fronted breasts!
FURTHER READ :7 Secrets A Lady Will Only Tell You If She Loves You
2.Don't just bring your virginity, come along with integrity! Yes, it is a glorious and commendable thing for you to come into your marriage with your virginity But you know what?, beyond bringing your virginity, please bring integrity along. Your virginity will leave you on your wedding night but it is your integrity that will remain with you and make you remain in that marriage and shape an established effort with your husband
3. Don't just come with painted and succulent lips, come along with a praying and supplicating lips. Sincerely, it is good to have succulent lips but you need more than a painted and succulent lips to build a prevailing marriage! You must have a praying lip and a lip that can supplicate in the place of prayer. As a woman, you're expected to be a prayer champion, you need to pray always when things are in order and not in order, when things are in good shape and not in good shape. Your lips are not just for painting, it is mainly for serious communication with God.
4. Don't forget that you are coming to another family entirely, where you will become part of the family. Therefore, when coming to this new family, always come with your friendship heart. You must be able to create cordial relationship with your in-laws especially your mother Inlaw. If you have a problem with your mother inlaw, you might loose your marriage if care is not taken. Some girls nowadays will be praying for their mother inlaw to die before they marry, what you plant is what you will reap so be careful. Treat her with respect and enjoy your marriage.. Remember she gave birth to him.
5. If you know you don't know how to cook then this is the right time to learn how to because to win a man's heart if through his stomach. Food is important to men you can go and ask those that are married. If you depend on buying food from eatery or restaurant for your husband, I don't think you are a wife material. So be prepared to provide quality food for your husband and your children when you start having them.
6. When you are married know the kind of friends you will be moving with, don't mingle with the friends that will bring down your marriage. Negative vibes with pessimism ideas
Too much of friends can be dangerous to your marriage, one reasonable and responsible friend is better than twenty friends with no purpose for your marriage so be wise.


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Animal Drawing: Goldfish Project
There are over 100 different kinds of goldfish. They can live up to 25 years and have a memory of 3 seconds. In our goldfish drawing we used the oval shape, repeating lines and patterns to show texture. The scallops and curved parallel lines suggest the texture of skin and scales. The plants in the background form a vertical force that keeps the goldfish on the page and breaks the oval shapes of the fish. Their curviness suggest motion in the water.
Step #1: Draw light guidelines across the middle and down the center. Draw a circle for the head and a oval for the body as shown below.


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The Justice Department has dropped insider-trading investigations into three senators but remains focused on Senator Richard Burr.
Category: Richard Burr
Auto Added by WPeMatico
Undisclosed stock sales undermine freshman Democrat's reelection bid
Rep. Donna Shalala (D-FL) (Alex Wong/Getty Images) Rep. Donna Shalala's (D-Fla.) reelection campaign could be jeopardized as liberal and conservative
Richard Burr Sold House to Lobbyist the Same Month He Co-Sponsored the Lobbyist's Bill
DOJ Looking into NC Sen. Burr's Stock Trades Before Coronavirus Outbreak
The probe is being coordinated with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the FBI has also contacted Burr.
Watchdog calls for investigation into Mississippi congressman's campaign spending
Rep. Steven Palazzo (R-Miss.) (Bill Clark/CQ Roll Call) The Campaign Legal Center is asking ethics officials to investigate campaign spending
Amid coronavirus outbreak, not all congressional stock trades are created equal
(Drew Angerer/Getty Images) While the nation is immobilized by the coronavirus pandemic, a handful of lawmakers are defending their stock
Senate Intel chair unloaded stocks in mid-February before coronavirus rocked markets
Sen. Richard Burr, R-N.C. (Bill Clark/CQ-Roll Call, Inc via Getty Images) As the coronavirus outbreak began to spread across the


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"Two men went up to the temple to pray. One was a Pharisee and the other a tax collector. The Pharisee stood by himself and prayed, 'God, I thank You that I am not like the other men—swindlers, evildoers, adulterers—or even like this tax collector. I fast twice a week and pay tithes of all that I receive.'
But the tax collector stood at a distance, unwilling even to lift up his eyes to heaven. Instead, he beat his breast and said, 'God, have mercy on me, a sinner!'
I tell you, this man, rather than the Pharisee, went home justified. For everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, but the one who humbles himself will be exalted." Luke 18:10-14


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Posts from the 'around town' Category
disaster relief on two wheels
It is a very good thing that I completed #330daysofbiking when I did … I think I have just had the longest stretch of not being on a bicycle in several years. Twelve days, no cycling; fourteen days of Red Cross Disaster Relief. And not a moment of regret. It has been one of the most meaningful experiences of my life.
Are things back to normal? Hardly. A funny thing about natural disasters – from tornados, to hurricanes, earthquakes and floods – when cable news has moved on to the next breaking story, the communities that were effected will spend months, even years, recovering and rebuilding. Healing – on all levels – takes a very, very long time.
I have to believe that almost everyone who lives here has been affected, either directly or indirectly. Colleagues at work who have lost their homes, neighbors who have lost family members, friends at school who were severely injured … everyone is connected to the devastation to some degree. Lives have changed. At present, we are simply out of the immediate "crisis" mode. Now begins the recovery. And it will be a long ride.
My boys have all arrived home from college (for a few weeks, anyway), and on my first day "off" and away from the disaster efforts, I finally had a chance to take long and much-needed ride with my son Mason.
While too many familiar landscapes have been drastically altered and damaged, and it's still nearly impossible to travel many of our local back roads without encountering various work crews still continuing the endless repairs and clean-up, I realized that I really needed a change of course.
I needed to leave the piles of rubble and the smell of burning pine behind me. I needed some open space, green fields and fresh air. I needed roadside daisies. I needed to find beauty again.
And my heart lifted when I found that it was all still out there.
Getting out on my bicycle again, seeing green fields, being with my son, feeling the rhythm of heartbeat, pedals and breath … it was my own personal disaster "relief".
What lies ahead? I am not entirely sure. I have signed on with the Red Cross as a regular volunteer and have enrolled in their Disaster Services Human Resource System. I'm continuing to help with follow-up work being coordinated through our local Chapter's office, and am looking forward to continuing disaster response training and becoming an active responder. I feel incredibly fortunate to have had the opportunity to work with experienced Red Cross Disaster Relief teams who came in from around the country; I learned so much from them, and made some very close friendships along the way.
I also want to extend an enormous and overdue thank you to all of my friends (both local and cyber) who extended so much help and support – from your personal notes, to finding much-needed material items (including a twin bed), monetary donations, offers of manpower, and even mailing a hand-crafted prayer shawl across the country for a woman in our community. Your generosity and kindness is unparalleled, and has been appreciated more than I can express.
Mostly, I have been forever touched by the individuals and families I have been privileged to serve and have gotten to know over the past few weeks. You are in my heart, and I will never forget you.
(Slideshow: amazing friends from Red Cross Disaster Relief)
love letters
Today I cried.
We returned to one of the houses from yesterday – the house with the little dogs. Thankfully, they are now being well-cared for and waiting patiently for their injured owner to recover.
We were helping to clear a spot on the property for some heavy equipment to come in and do the big work – moving branches and pieces of lumber, sorting out scrap metal.
We also made an attempt to retrieve some salvageable items and personal belongings – somewhat unsuccessfully, as the debris pile was so incredibly broken. It was literally like "trying to find a needle in a haystack". Yet here and there we would uncover a small porcelain figurine that was miraculously intact under a pile of cinderblocks and a steel door. There was no pattern to what had survived and what had not.
My tears came when I found an old box of letters – postmarked from the late 1950's, handwritten in beautiful scrolling penmanship on delicate paper – the kind that was once used for air mail. They appeared to be love letters. The salutation on one of the open pages began: "My Dearest Beloved …" And I read no more, but gave them directly to the person collecting the personal possessions.
It's difficult to handle the pieces of someone's life – much more so than I ever could have expected. We tried to save even the smallest items that were intact, because how can you possibly know what might have a special or sentimental meaning to the owner? And to pick up something private and dear like an old letter … well, it can feel almost intrusive.
By mid-afternoon we had done as much as we could at the site, and left to help with a Red Cross van that was delivering hot meals to people in need. The number of people who are able to stay in their homes but are without power (and often water) remains significant. Eating cold sandwiches gets old pretty quickly.
While I am tired, and stinky, and a little bit sunburned … I feel so incredibly fortunate. The people I love are close and safe. I can take a hot shower and drink a cold glass of water – with ice. I have lights, and the little music box that was a gift from my boys is in its place on my bookshelf. My bicycle is not wrapped around a tree. I have clean clothes to change into, and a soft bed to sleep in. I am truly blessed.
sifting through ruins
Through a chance and random conversation, I ended up with a volunteer crew trying to help several local families clean up and sort the the ruins of their homes. As the damage assessment throughout the Bradley County continues, the need for helping hands grows. As of this afternoon, I am now a "spontaneous" volunteer for the Red Cross (and hope to become a regular volunteer in the near future). I am scheduled to help in whatever way they may need me over the next few weeks.
I also want to make it clear that while I did have my camera with me, I was reluctant to even take it out of my bag in respect for the privacy of the families we were working with. However, after some time together, several of the families almost encouraged us to use cameras; they seemed to want to "document" the scene, saying it was "important for other people to see" what had taken place. And so, when I had moments, I shot as respectfully as I could.
While men with chainsaws and BobCats worked to clear the heavy debris and tree limbs, several other women and I helped clean up the cuttings and helped a few homeowners sort through the rubble to reclaim items that could be salvaged. I have to confess that it was heartbreaking at times – seeing cherished pieces (and simply ordinary pieces) of a family's like strewn about like an afterthought.
On one property, I met an elderly woman who was combing through the debris at her son's house – which had been completely demolished. She seemed to need someone to listen to her – she talked and told me so many details of what had happened, what her son's house had been like, where they had been when the storm struck. How a basement didn't help. And the terrible aftermath. It was as if she needed to verbalize the experience, and I can only hope that I helped her in a small way by being there to quietly listen.
One of the most difficult moments of the day for me was finding 3 small dogs hiding in the ruins of a demolished home. One of the neighbors told me that the woman who lived there and owned the dogs had been injured and had been taken to the hospital. It's unclear whether or not she had any family to come and retrieve and care for the dogs. So I went and got some dog food and bowls of water, and the neighbor and I worked on making sure they would be cared for until they can be reunited with their owner. (The Red Cross is also working on pet rescue in the area.)
As of today, the county schools will be closed through May 6th. Two of the elementary schools sustained significant damage and will not reopen before the end of the school year.
My son's high school will be opening their doors next week to serve meals and allow residents and out-of-area volunteers to use the showers. My son, and many of his fellow students will be volunteering to help through efforts coordinated by the school.
As I write this, so many thoughts are swirling through my mind. I haven't seen a moment of the whole Royal Wedding – and I don't care. I apologize for not replying/responding to friends who commented on the previous post – I thank you for your concern. I don't think I will be taking or posting any more photographs of the damage – it almost makes my eyes ache with sadness to shoot these scenes. (I would never cut it as a photojournalist, apparently).
I also know that there are other areas of the Southeast, from AL to GA, and even within Bradley County, that have suffered far more than the destruction I've seen in a few small areas here. My heart aches for all of them, and I hope that anyone who reads this can reach out – to volunteer, or donate supplies or funds to relief agencies. Please help in whatever way you can.
These are the last photos … from today's efforts. (You are in my prayers tonight, Mrs. Johnson).
path of destruction
Last week it was the car accident that left us a little shaken. This week … the weather has made the car accident look almost trivial.
Yesterday was the day of disaster, weather-wise. Starting at 8am and lasting all the way until midnight, we were one of the areas hard hit by the rolling wave of bad weather that hit the Southeast. Nearly every hour we rode through thunderstorms, high winds, hail, torrential rain and even several tornados – it didn't seem to want to stop. I'd never experienced anything as continuous and non-stop, weather-wise.
At our house, we can once again count our blessings, as we only have one large tree down and a few missing roof shingles. Many of our nearby neighbors were not so lucky. As of this morning, there were at least 9 deaths in our county alone, and 15 in Tennessee. Surrounding areas, including north Georgia suffered even more catastrophic damage to homes and buildings.
I took a ride today several roads close to home, and was shocked at the destruction I saw. People are outside milling around, almost shell-shocked. The southern end of our road was still closed as crews worked to clear trees and power lines. Many are still without power; fortunately ours returned to us late last night.
Schools have been cancelled until Monday. Prom has been postponed until … ? There is so much "cleaning up" to do almost everywhere … I finally stopped taking pictures of huge downed trees, because there were just too many of them.
One of the strangest experiences while riding around was finding random pieces of peoples' lives strewn along the road – in places far removed from where the actual destruction took place. A piece of someones kitchen countertop lying on the edge of the road, clothing and carpeting flung against a farm fence. Pieces of metal roofs and siding hanging from utility lines – with no idea where they came from.
I've inserted a slide show of some of the scenes from yesterday's sky, to the nearby damage I saw today around our immediate area. I haven't even ventured into town, or into other areas of the county. Hoping my local friends are all safe, and my prayers go out to the families who have lost loved ones and suffered devastating damage. Godspeed.
the gallon of milk
Although I am tempted to rant about our local grocery store choices (or more accurately, lack of choices…), and the disappointing assortment of over-processed, over-packaged convenience foods within our horrid chain stores – we have no Whole Foods, Trader Joe's, EarthFare or anything remotely decent within a 25 mile radius – I will spare you my whining. My family is weary enough of my complaints. But I like to cook – and I like to cook real food. Food "from scratch" as we used to say, rather than out of a box or a freezer case.
And today as I was heading to the grocery store on my bike thinking about all of this, wishing I had a decent grocery store/market within riding distance, I was reminded of a wonderful 3-minute video I had seen earlier in the week by the amazing people at Streetfilms: Moving Beyond the Automobile (Vimeo).
Of course it features the incredible cycling infrastructure improvements of the Big Bicycle Cities (NYC, Portland, SF, etc.), but what really struck a chord with me were some of the statistics about the exponential increases in ridership when safe, protected cycling infrastructure is provided to the public. The old, "if you build it, they will come …" idea. Tenfold. One-hundredfold. Exponentially.
As (my hero) Rep. Earl Blumenauer so perfectly states:
"People shouldn't have to burn a gallon of gas to get a gallon of milk … "
He goes on to talk about the need to give people safe and accessible transportation choices of all types – choices that will reduce the demand for using the automobile, which can ultimately save people time and money, while improving their health and "ultimately enriching their daily experience." I couldn't agree more.
So I cycled to my poor-excuse-for-a-grocery-store and got the gallon of milk. And a few other items of "real" food. And I dreamed about how wonderful it would be to have a bike lane, or even a little bit of road shoulder, to easily cycle to some Real Foods store … Maybe someday.
karma Friday
Do you ever have days when a tiny voice inside says something along the lines of … "today is not the day"? The planets are not aligned, there is a feeling of bad karma, an inner hesitation, clouds overhead. And of course I completely ignore that little voice. Serves me right.
Rest assured – nothing truly bad happened. No crash/collision, no flat tire, no mechanical issue. Just a multitude of basic annoyances that began with getting rained on (and having no rain gear, of course), continued with wasting energy (Staples no longer carries the type of photo canvas I went to buy), and included a superabundance of discourteous Friday motorists (the left-hand turn cut-off, the texting-while-driving twenty-something passing too close for comfort, and the barreling log-truck driver apparently late with his delivery to the pulp mill).
There are not many days I am happy to get off of my bike and off of the road, but today was one of them. I should have listened to the little voice.
fear factor
It's been a grey week. Yesterday, I had an appointment in town – and I'm always glad to have the stretch of greenway to ride. It's not that I mind riding in traffic, but having a stretch of traffic-free – and stoplight free – pavement makes the trip much that much easier.
While I was at my optometrist's office, I had a brief conversation with his assistant about cycling. She told me that she and her husband and finally unearthed their old bicycles out of the back of their garage, had them tuned up, and had started to do a little riding – but "not on the street!"
And the usual comments followed … too many crazy drivers out there, too scary to ride on the road, the fear of being hit by a car. While I was so happy to find out that she and her husband were re-discovering the joy of cycling, it also made me a little sad. It's so unfortunate that people who really want to try to ride about town, past the constraints of bike paths and greenways, have reasonably legitimate fear of doing so.
This morning I read an insightful blog post by one of my favorite twitter pals and cycling bloggers in Austin, TX – Tim Starry, aka An Old Guy On 2 Wheels. Tim is a really great guy, an enthusiastic cyclist and cycling advocate, a devoted family man, and I feel honored to call him a friend (and you must check out his blog). He just attended a cycling transportation lecture highlighting a Canadian group called 8-80 Cities, who pose a really interesting question: (basically) is your local pedestrian/cycling infrastructure adequate for an 8-year old and an 80-year old to use safely?
In our case, I'd have to say yes to our local Greenway for the most part … but a resounding no to too many other places throughout town.
Tim also cited an excellent and revealing article (definnitely worth a read) by the Portland Bureau of Transportation that discusses the large demographic of people who are curious about cycling and might like try cycling for transportation, but are fearful about the traffic interaction component. Just like the woman I talked with at my optometrist's office, and likely the majority of the people using our local greenway.
I know that progress along these lines will be slow to come in our area. We are not an Austin, TX, or a Portland, OR, or even a Steamboat Springs, CO, as far as cycling rideshare or political will. I am grateful for the stretch of greenway we have, as well as the outlook for its future expansion.
And yes, it's always a good kick in the pants for me to read these things and think about them – and hopefully, to get more involved.
rain commute out-takes
When you're going to end up jumping into a pool anyway, does it really matter?
One of the big gaping holes in my blog, I think, is … well, the rest of it. The not-so-pretty stuff, the traffic, the rides around town that don't take place on the pleasantness of the greenway, but rather, tailing exhaust pipes and edging away from distracted minivan moms texting on cell phones.
I rarely take pictures while on the commuting rides, largely because it's tricky business, not-so-safe, and I typically don't carry my DSLR along. It's not the kind of shooting where I can take time to stop, compose the shot. When I manage to capture anything, it's typically blind shots from the hip with my point-and-shoot. And on days like today, rain on the lens and blindly shooting … well, not a pretty picture.
I had a couple errands to run, and since it was a better day to be swimming than cycling, I wanted to head to the pool. The weather was pretty high on the crappy scale – upper 30's, rainy, gloomy – and probably a blessing in disguise. I ended up having the pool largely to myself.
Had a great swim, got out and dried off …. just to go back out in the rain. {-P
So, although I may try to tip the scales and balance the biking photos with some real-life-on-a-bike shots, don't hold your breath. I think I am obviously more suited to old barns and quiet rural roads. 😉


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Liverpool Street
£100 pp
2 hour workshop
The class will start off by chatting about your website goals. That could be leads, sales or email signups for example.
This will be followed by covering how to lay out your content to engage your website visitors. The aim is to make what you do as obvious as possible! Zay has got lots of tips on conversion best practice and UX like making sure that you have clear call-to-actions throughout.
Once this site layout is cleat, you'll then move on to learning how to make changes to images/text, adding pages, forms and links to your…
Please bring along your laptop and charger.
None of the dates work for you? Let the host know and you will be notified when new dates are added.
You will only receive an email from us if new dates are added for this class, you will not receive any marketing emails, and that's a promise!
Select a date and location you want and your teacher will get back to you to confirm their availability.