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Palmerston North — Tui
- Number of bedrooms
- 3
- Number of bathrooms
- 2
- Number of living spaces
- 1
- Number of toilets
- 2
- Floor size:
- 78m²
Open hours
- Mon-Fri
- 8:00am - 4:30pm
This popular three-bedroom design ticks all the boxes when it comes to both functionality and value for money. Every inch of space is put to good use in the Tui, making it ideal for extended family, student accommodation or a home away from home during the holidays.
Opening August 2020!More
This show home is closed, but open by appointment.More

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Extreme Makeover And Nice HairFirst of essential to create must ask yourself what you to help do once possess to learned the skills to become a barber. In other words, do you are someone to work within a barbers shop or are you considering being self employed and have very barber shop. You may even want take a trip and use your abilities to work on cruise ships or possibly in employment in another country.
Remember that preparation before shaving is key to will be the shave! You've got had a professional shave and noticed how barbers always apply hot towels before shaving by using a straight razor blade? When hair absorbs hot water, it becomes softer and simpler to cut and skin tone and facial muscles become relaxed, making shaving so in an easier way. This is why the perfect time to shave is after a bath or shower. This effect can also be achieved by soaking a folded small towel in warm water and wrapping it for the face for approximately one day.
Parents tough to positively influence the decisions their children make and also the company they keep. Unfortunately, all could really do is hope they apply the lessons and good judgment we impart. Of course keep me from worrying Male Grooming In USA about my daughter. And oh, I forgot to that I've another daughter who is four years younger than her sibling. If I wasn't bald my hair definitely will be bleak.
Styling units, such with the large mirrors and surfaces in front of the chairs really are essential so that your customers can see what one does to their hair, really like somewhere loosen up your hairdryers or scissors, and offer more light.
This shaving tool back again to 1740 - whilst first design being maded by Benjamin Huntsman in Sheffield, England. In france they also implemented his product. It was the preferred method of shaving the united states until the turn of the 20th century, but remained popular in a large amount countries 1950's.
Ogbaa, professor of English and Africana Studies at Southern Connecticut State University, continues: "The gloomy sociopolitical and economic conditions in Nigeria as a result of their civil war were so unbearable for Easterners that everybody wanted to leave the country." By 1980, the involving Nigerian immigrants in the U.S. rose to 25,528. In addition, the emergence of military dictatorships, the abuse of power and denial of human rights also brought about a mass exodus of trained personnel in university institutions from Nigeria. By 1990, variety of Nigerians in the U.S. a doubled to 55,350. Rather of following an trend, George and Edna decided to whisk their children away their own birth location in Northwest T.C. to Nigeria's Akwa Ibom state in 1982.
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Might Your 50p coin internet you a small fortune?
Studying Time: 5 minutes
The Brexit 50p coin launched this 12 months might be value a small fortune sooner or later – so should you get your palms on one, possibly it's time to stash it away! In the event you've obtained one other uncommon 50p coin, just like the Kew Gardens one, you could possibly make a LOT of money on it. Hold studying to search out out what they're value!
However why are some cash extra priceless than their face worth – and why is the Brexit 50p significantly fascinating?
The Royal Mint releases particular cash yearly. The less produced, the rarer – and extra priceless – they're. In 2018, for instance, 26 new cash have been launched – every with a letter of the alphabet and a picture representing one thing within the UK that begins with that letter.
Well-liked ones for collectors to search out embrace the Zebra Crossing coin, the Yeoman Warder, and the Angel of the North.
Sports activities occasions additionally affect commemorative cash: the 2012 Olympics cash include a collectable price ticket.
Ten million Brexit cash enter circulation all through 2020 – however it's not the primary Brexit coin created. It's the third try!
The primary batch of 1,000 prototypes have been created in anticipation of the unique 31st March 2019 Brexit date. That, after all, by no means occurred – so the following try was 1,000,000 cash minted in preparation for the 31st October 2019 Brexit date.
Think about having a commemorative coin with the flawed date on it – that'd assure you a small FORTUNE sooner or later! Nevertheless, these million cash have been, alas, melted down when the second Brexit date got here and went.
The ultimate model – launched on 31st January 2020 – coincides with the precise Brexit date.
Commemorative cash are typically value solely their precise financial worth. These are those with tens of millions and tens of millions of cash launched, with out significantly stunning or memorable designs.
Look in your pockets now – you've most likely already obtained some particular cash in there that you just're utilizing as spare change.
(If you wish to save your spare change to make future investments and fortune, try our article about excellent habits of savers!)
Nevertheless, hold an eye fixed out for these designs – and check out what they might internet you!
1. The Offside Rule 50p
Launched in 2012 as a part of the Olympics celebration coin vary, this 50p piece simply sells for £10. That's an funding return of 950% – fairly neat, proper?!
2. The EU Commemorative 50p
The unique coin, minted in 1992, would have fetched you a princely sum. They've been taken out of circulation although, because the 50p coin dimension modified in 1997. As an alternative, hold an eye fixed out for the extra recently-minted, smaller 50p coin – it at present presents a sale value round £20.
Nevertheless, with Brexit, the value of this explicit commemorative coin may quickly rocket!
three. The Kew Gardens 50p
One of many extra well-known collectable cash, this one was launched in 2008.
The run was so low – solely 210,000 have been minted – that should you nab one among these you could possibly promote it on eBay for £120.
four. The Undated 2008 20p
One factor that makes cash collectable is errors! If one thing is wrong, they're typically recalled and melted down for a brand new run to be minted.
Nevertheless, the undated 20p piece in 2008 may internet you a MASSIVE £200 or extra on the personal market – verify your change now!
5. The Aquatic Olympics 50p (Obscured Face)
Lastly, should you've obtained one among these hanging round in your purse or down the again of the couch, critically think about promoting it (or hanging onto it for a future funding!).
The aquatic 50p piece was one other within the 2012 Olympic vary. The design went just a little flawed when first minted: the unique 600 created weren't very clear. So, they tidied up the design to make the swimmer's face in water a lot simpler to see.
In the event you've obtained an obscured face aquatic Olympic coin, it may promote for over £three,000.
You learn that appropriately.
Must you spend money on uncommon cash?
Demand for uncommon and collectable cash goes up and down over time. Which means some could also be extra widespread sooner or later than they're now – and the in-demand ones, just like the Beatrix Potter collection, might drop in worth as individuals lose curiosity.
The cash that'll all the time do higher long-term are those with errors, just like the undated 2008 coin or the unique Aquatic Olympics coin. That's as a result of errors are (normally) rapidly corrected by the Royal Mint: so it will increase the rarity ingredient in addition to the worth created by a fascinating design.
Accumulating cash can internet you a fortune should you're very fortunate. Nevertheless, most individuals who create a coin assortment accomplish that for the love of the designs as a lot because the potential funding, too. In the event you're fascinated by coin design, they might be a very good funding.
It pays off to all the time verify your spare change – and to pay attention to priceless cash in circulation – however it's not a assured funding.
If you wish to take a look at how a lot the change in your stash might be value, go to changechecker.org and search for your cash!
How a lot may the Brexit 50p coin be value sooner or later?
How lengthy is a chunk of string?! The difficulty with Brexit is, properly, the troubles of Brexit. Everyone knows how the previous couple of years have been turbulent – and we nonetheless don't know what the long run holds.
It might be value so much sooner or later: should you come throughout one, there's no hurt in stashing it simply in case.
Nevertheless, with ten million set to be minted and put into circulation in 2020, it'll have one of many highest mints of any coin. So, it received't be value a fortune right away – possibly stash those you come throughout and maybe sooner or later you'll see nice returns on a small funding!


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No Credit Check Loans Offer Low Credit Score Applicants an Avenue to Redemption...
It's a commonly believed that the chances of securing a loan are greatly reduced by a low credit score. This makes sense, with bad credit fares suggesting the borrower cannot be trusted to make repayments in a timely manner. But with the growth of online lenders, it is now possible to find loans for people with bad credit, regardless of how low the score is certainly.
The internet has been highly beneficial to consumers, with applications as opposed to otherwise be rejected by traditional lenders, like lenders, getting the green light. The fact that it is now possible to get loans without getting a credit check means that applicants are no longer punished for past budgetary foolishness.
Instead, loans approved despite no credit check offer them the chance of redemption, and to actually improve their ratings. Loan are willing to accept the risk, and are clearly acting on the belief that of those with bad credit scores want to improve their lot.
Still, there can only be a slight mystery as to how these kinds of loans could possibly be of benefit to the lenders.
Getting Approval with No Credit check required
But it is a simple fact that most of us with low credit scores are actually victims of tough financial times, rather than irresponsible people today. This makes no credit check loan something of a break now to take advantage of.
Lenders do understand that our rating can be evolved by circumstances beyond our control. Perhaps business had become very slow, thereby affecting profits and revenue. Or maybe having been fired struck with employers forced to let staff go so they can close completely.
In these situations, loans without a credit check make a chance to borrow money to catch up on overdue bills, make up for unpaid monthly loan installments or reduce credit card debt. There can be clear advantages with these loans.
No Free Ride
Of course , no credit check loans are not without criteria for appliers to meet. There is always a need to prove that repayments can be constructed, so lenders will seek assurances. It is generally required that the applicant will be able to prove employment and a regular money.
As part of the terms of loans without a credit check, it may be expected to provide bank account details so that the lender can arrange a good payment schedule with the bank to receive payment on the day a salary is deposited into the account.
After all, in order for lenders to feel completely comfortable with the idea of issuing loans approved despite not any credit check, they must be given some assurances.
Loan Terms
Besides, a no credit check loan is usually subject to terms that may not normally be considered good. But with applicants including a poor been to the bankruptcy courts, have defaulted on old loans, and are still facing extreme financial pressure, there is minimal choice but to accept the terms offered.
For example , finding loans without a credit check usually means paying a higher interest rate, so that the monthly repayments are greater than normal. The loan relieve is usually lower too, with the length of the loan longer rather than might be preferred.
It is worth noting that the rate of interest truly does depend on whether the loan is secured or unsecured, considering the provision of collateral making loans approved despite virtually no credit check much more likely, and at a lower rate.


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Advanced Search
STEM Funding
HP will provide $1 million in cash, technology, and professional services to educational institutions and other organizations to support science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) learning and faculty development.
The grants are part of HP's Catalyst Initiative, an international and interdispliplinary effort focused on developing a "cohesive, student-centered approach" to STEM education through what it referred to as "sandboxes of innovation," where each "sandbox" is a consortium of secondary schools, colleges, universities, and education-focused nonprofits and NGOs tackling one particular STEM education theme.
HP has delineated five individual sandboxes, or consortia, and assigned leaders to them. It's now looking for participants to populate those sandboxes.
The individual consortia include:
According to HP, "What's needed is fresh thinking about STEM education that addresses important new disciplines in an interdisciplinary way, emphasizes creative and global collaboration skills, and puts student empowerment at its core. At HP, we call this STEM+ education, and it's the focus of the HP Catalyst Initiative." The initiative is also backed by a number of K-12 and higher ed associations, advocacy groups, and other organizations, including the Consortium for School Networking (CoSN), Exploratorium, Futurelab, Hewlett Foundation, the Innosight Institute, the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE), the New Media Consortium, the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), and the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO Directorate for Higher Education).
The program is open to applicants now. Those who wish to participate must register with the program by June 30. (Applications are being handled by ISTE and can be found here.) Proposals are not due until Aug. 9. Grant recipients will be announced in September.
The program is open t all accredited secondary and post-secondary institutions in the United States, Brazil, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Kenya, India, Russia, South Africa, and the UK.
Complete details can be found here.
About the Author
David Nagel is editorial director of 1105 Media's Education Technology Group and editor-in-chief of THE Journal and STEAM Universe. A 25-year publishing veteran, Nagel has led or contributed to dozens of technology, art and business publications.
He can be reached at [email protected]. You can also connect with him on LinkedIn at or follow him on Twitter at @THEJournalDave (K-12) or @CampusTechDave (higher education).
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According to the Malwarebytes 2019 State of Malware report, schools are the number one target for rapidly-advancing Trojan campaigns and the second-most targeted sector for ransomware attacks. The relentless onslaught of daily attacks coupled with stretched IT teams and limited budgets is impeding educational institutions from delivering on the goal of educational excellence through endpoint resilience.
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During the fifth season of The Archive Project, enjoy recordings from Portland Arts & Lectures events, as well as the Verselandia! city-wide youth poetry clam, the Portland Book Festival, and other community events happening right here in Portland, Oregon.
Cornelius Eady (Rebroadcast)
Long Distance with Emma Straub
Edwidge Danticat (Rebroadcast)
Between the Lines: Harper Lee & Boris Pasternak
Amor Towles
Ta-Nehisi Coates in conversation with Renée Watson
Jennifer Egan
Literary Arts, Inc. is a tax-exempt organization under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code.
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OK, so technically and strictly speaking, from the information we have at the moment, this wasn't really a data breach.
The e-Commerce and tech giant suffered a breach of sorts when they accidentally published customer names and email addresses on its own website, two days ahead of one of their biggest days of the year – Black Friday.
They confirmed that the issue was not a breach of either its website or any systems, but a technical issue that posted the names. So, like I said, not really a breach, but still alarming nonetheless.
Amazon sent an email to anyone affected stating that their data was fine and no further steps needed to be taken. Probably not the best advice seeing as personal details were strewn over the internet; Richard Walters, CTO of CensorNet, has suggested that anyone affected by the breach (AKA if you've received an email from Amazon about the situation) should be changing their password anyway.
Amazon weren't the first tech giant to announce news which involved sensitive data of customers in recent times, with Facebook also admitting to a data breach in the last couple of months.
The incident came at the worst possible time for Amazon with billions to be spent on Black Friday 2018, going further into the weekend and into Cyber Monday.
UK data regulator, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO), has been following the situation after Amazon reported the incident as a data breach as part of the GDPR European Directive, which was introduced in May 2018.
Amazon have behaved suspiciously, though. They have declined to give any further details about how users may have been affected.
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For all courses purchased, e-Careers shall be donating to the NHS, to help them get through this and show your support.
Stay Home | Protect the NHS | Save Lives


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Share with your Friends
Genre: Horror
Director: David Gordon Green
Actors: Andi Matichak, Jamie Lee Curtis, Judy Greer, Miles Robbins, Nick Castle, Virginia Gardner, Will Patton
Country: USA
Release: 2018
IMDb: N/A
Halloween II
After failing to kill stubborn survivor Laurie and taking a bullet or six from former psychiatrist Dr. Sam Loomis, Michael Myers has followed Laurie to the Haddonfield Memorial Hospital, where…
Friday the 13th Part 2
The Grudge
Escape Room
Six strangers find themselves in circumstances beyond their control, and must use their wits to survive.
The Amityville Horror
This hair-raising remake of the 1979 horror hit depicts the ordeal of the Lutz clan, whose new home has a gory past and a legacy of demons. Before long, the…
Wrong Turn
A couple agree to have their deceased son cloned under the supervision of an enigmatic doctor, but bizarre things start to happen years after his rebirth.
The Summer Hit
An evil spirit that changes faces infiltrates one family placing one brother in danger while the other tries to save him.


text: The Chicago Tribune had a nice article about Derrick Rose and his mother, Brenda. The link is listed below as well as a few others. Derrick views Brenda as his best friend. She is always at his home games, and he always blows her a kiss before the start. "When Derrick and his brothers were … Continue reading Derrick Rose And Mother


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Eric BernsenLaw, Intellectual Property
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Perhaps the technology uses Wi-Fi now, but what if you want wireless Internet access, using technology more? Finally, it will be possible that by the technique of "lay Fi – LiFi" via infrared light. This technique is not new, where she appeared for the first time several years ago but the Company name used is the first who tries to bring her for the way consumers can access. Where it announced a product called "Mai Lai FEI – MyLiFi" which you can get on the Internet wirelessly using the lamp connects to the piece you insert into the computer through the USB port. The product works as the light source and the internet, but the internet does not come from visible light itself. Instead, there is a small circle in the center of the lamp work as the sender and the future for infrared light invisible to the human eye, so that the product is delivered cable Internet and therefore be sent to the Internet wirelessly for the PC, subject to the availability of a piece reception little. And most importantly, the technology LiFi don't use radio waves and the electromagnetic waves that are said to be harmful to health when they are not already. But if you have concerns about the health effects of the radio, this option may be suitable for you where is the delivery of the internet via infrared light, so that the internet said it's much faster than Wi-Fi internet access. Second, interesting is the bathroom. Free Wi-Fi is good in breach the walls, but the light is not. It would therefore be much more difficult for those trying to pick up the internet signal of your data read and trade. Of course, there's nothing a full product there are Cons. Although the connection Wireless, but you need to be a piece reception interview completely to the centre for transmission as a straight line, direct, in addition to the need to balance a piece of reception for each device, and the lamp comes with one piece only. The product is not ready yet for market, where the company is looking for financing of $ 50 thousand for the cross-platform Kickstarter to ask at a price of 840$. [youtube youtubeurl="OpYejIKbluA" ][/youtube]
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Hey, how's it going?
I want to pass along some very important news that everyone needs to hear!
In December of 2017, Donald Trump made history by recognizing Jerusalem as the capital of Israel Why is this big news? Because by this the Jewish people of Israel are now able to press forward in bringing about the Third Temple prophesied in the Bible
Jewish Rabbis have publicly announced that their Messiah will be revealed in the coming years who will be a leader and spiritual guide to all nations, gathering all igions under the worship of one God
Biblical prophecy tells us that this Jewish Messiah who will take the stage will be the antichrist who opposes and exalts himself above all that is called God or that is worshiped, so that he sits as God in the temple of God, showing himself that he is God (2 Thessalonians 2:4) For a time he will bring about a false peace, but Therefore when you see the 'abomination of desolation,' spoken of by Daniel the prophet, standing in the holy place (Matthew 24:15) then there will be great tribulation, such as has not been since the beginning of the world until this time, no, nor ever shall be (Matthew 24:21)
More importantly, the power that runs the world wants to put a RFID microchip in our body making us total slaves to them This chip matches perfectly with the Mark of the Beast in the Bible, more specifically in Revelation 13:16-18:
He causes all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on their right hand or on their foreheads, and that no one may buy or sell except one who has the mark or the name of the beast, or the number of his name
Here is wisdom Let him who has understanding calculate the number of the beast, for it is the number of a man: His number is 666
Referring to the last days, this could only be speaking of a cashless society, which we have yet to see, but are heading towards Otherwise, we could still buy or sell without the mark amongst others if physical money was still currency This Mark couldn't be spiritual because the word references two different physical locations If it was spiritual it would just say in the forehead RFID microchip implant technology will be the future of a one world cashless society containing digital currency It will be implanted in the right-hand or the forehead, and we cannot buy or sell without it Revelation 13:11-18 tells us that a false prophet will arise on the world scene doing miracles before men, deceiving them to receive this Mark Do not be deceived! We must grow strong in Jesus AT ALL COSTS, DO NOT TAKE IT!
Then a third angel followed them, saying with a loud voice, "If anyone worships the beast and his image, and receives his mark on his forehead or on his hand, he himself shall also drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out full strength into the cup of His indignation He shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in the presence of the holy angels and in the presence of the Lamb And the smoke of their torment ascends forever and ever; and they have no rest day or night, who worship the beast and his image, and whoever receives the mark of his name" (Revelation 14:9-11)
People have been saying the end is coming for many years, but we needed two key things One, the Third Temple, and two, the technology for a cashless society to fulfill the prophecy of the Mark of the Beast
Visit WWW BIBLEFREEDOM COM to see proof for these things and why the Bible truly is the word of God!
If you haven't already, it is time to seek God with all your heart Jesus loves you more than you could imagine He wants to have a ationship with you and redeem you from your sins Turn to Him and repent while there is still hope! This is forever God bless!
We all know God exists Why? Because without Him, we couldn't prove anything at all Do we live our lives as if we cannot know anything? No So why is God necessary? In order to know anything for certain, you would have to know everything, or have revelation from somebody who does Who is capable of knowing everything? God So to know anything, you would have to be God, or know God
A worldview without God cannot account for the uniformity and intelligibility of nature And why is it that we can even reason that God is the best explanation for this if there is no God? We are given reason to know or reject God, but never to know that He does not exist
It has been calculated by Roger Penrose that the odds of the initial conditions for the big bang to produce the universe that we see to be a number so big, that we could put a zero on every particle in the universe, and even that would not be enough to use every zero What are the odds that God created the universe? Odds are no such thing Who of you would gamble your life on one coin flip?
Is there evidence that the Bible is the truth? Yes Did you know that the creation accounts listed in the book of Genesis are not only all correct, but are also in the correct chronological order? That the Bible doesn't say the Earth was formed in six 24-hour days but rather six long but finite periods of time? That the Bible makes 10 times more creation claims than all major holy books combined with no contradictions, while these other books have errors in them? The Bible stood alone by concurring with the big bang saying, In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth (Genesis 1:1); and says our universe is expanding, thousands of years before scientists discovered these things Watch a potential life-changing video on the website listed below with Astronomer(PhD) Hugh Ross explaining all these facts based on published scientific data He has authored many books, backed even by atheist scientists
Jesus came to pay a debt that we could not; to be our legal justifier to reconcile us back to a Holy God; only if we are willing to receive Him: For the wages of sin is death (Romans 6:23)
God so loved the world that He gave us His only begotten son, so that whoever believes in Him, through faith, shall not perish, but have everlasting life Jesus says if we wish to enter into life to keep the commands! The two greatest commands are to love God with all your heart, soul, strength, and mind; and your neighbor as yourself All the law hang on these commands We must be born of and lead by the Holy Spirit, to be called children of God, to inherit the kingdom If we are willing to humble ourselves in prayer to Jesus, to confess and forsake our sins, He is willing to give the Holy Spirit to those who keep asking of Him; giving us a new heart, leading us into all truth!
Jesus came to free us from the bondage of sin The everlasting fire was prepared for the devil and his angels due to disobedience to God's law If we do the same, what makes us any different than the devil? Jesus says unless we repent, we shall perish For sin is the transgression of the law We must walk in the Spirit so we may not fulfill the lusts of the flesh, being hatred, fornication, drunkenness and the like Whoever practices such things will not inherit the kingdom (Galatians 5:16-26) If we sin, we may come before Jesus to ask for forgiveness (1 John 2:1-2) Evil thoughts are not sins, but rather temptations It is not until these thoughts conceive and give birth by our own desires that they become sin (James 1:12-15) When we sin, we become in the likeness of the devil's image, for he who sins is of the devil (1 John 3:8); but if we obey Jesus, in the image of God For without holiness, we shall not see the Lord (Hebrews 12:14)
The oldest igion in the world is holiness through faith (James 1:27) What igion did Adam and Eve follow before the fall? Jesus, Who became the last Adam, what igion does He follow? Is He not holy? He never told us to follow the rituals and traditions of man but to take up our cross and follow Him (Luke 9:23) There are many false doctrines being taught leading people astray This is why we need the Holy Spirit for discernment Unlike igion, holiness cannot be created It is given to us from above by the baptism of the Spirit Jesus is more than a igion; He is about having a personal ationship with the Father Start by reading the Gospel of Matthew, to hear the words of God, to know His character and commandments Follow and obey Jesus, for He is the way, the truth, and the life!


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Texans can dial 2-1-1 (option 6) for information on COVID-19 and local community resources on health care, utilities, food, housing and more. Find a testing site. More COVID-19 information.
The process of purchasing a good or service for a consumer is primarily initiated by a counselor.
Purchases must support a consumer's Therapeutic outcome. Purchases made prior to the completion of the Individualized Written Rehabilitation Plan (IWRP) are limited to diagnostics and services needed to complete diagnostics.
Purchases initiated before the IWRP is completed are documented in a service justification case note.
Purchases made after the IWRP is completed must be included on IWRP, an IWRP amendment, or service justification case note.


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26761 / 42891 Adverts
Gypsy Caravan Separate entrance, in a property
from £90/Night (rates)
2 people
1 bedroom
1 roomLiveable floor area : 160 Sq.ft.
Ground surface : 3,300 Sq.ft.
1 bedroom
1 roomLiveable floor area : 160 Sq.ft.
Ground surface : 3,300 Sq.ft.
- View : Garden/park, meadow
- Setting : Pleasant
- Town centre at 0.62mi.
- Exposure : South-west
Gîtes de France : 3 ears Touristic region : discover Grâce coast, Côte de Nacre
Advert No. 52952
For your guidance
Contact by phone
Contact by email
For safety and quality control reasons, we strongly recommend to contact the owner through IHA Holiday Ads.
Reviews about the Advert 52952
Be the first to provide a review about this advert!
Mam'zelle BonaventureAdvert 52952Honfleur - Calvados - France
Advert details 52952
Assets Unusual
Parking : Parking uncovered : 1 reserved bay.
Interior Gypsy Caravan with View: garden/park, meadow
Receive up to : 2 person(s)
Liveable floor area : 160 Sq.ft.
Interior layout : 1 Room(s), 1 bedroom(s), living room, sitting room, Kitchen Area, dining area
Sleeps - bed(s) : 1 double bed(s)
Guest facilities : T.V., cable/satelite, cupboard, Hanging wardrobe, electric heating, Curtains, digipad entry system
Appliances : Crockery/cuttlery, kitchen utensils, cafetiere, electric coffee maker, toaster, electric hobs, mini-oven, refridgerator
Exterior Holiday lettings in Setting: pleasant
Ground surface : 3,300 Sq.ft.
Outside accommodation : Terrace
Outside setting : Private courtyard, lawn
Outside amenities : BBQ, garden table(s), garden seat(s), sun lounger
Rates Calendar Availability Holiday lettings in Honfleur
Seasons & Availability Gypsy Caravan in Honfleur
Rates Gypsy Caravan in Honfleur
Season Night Weekend week 2 weeks Month
Low season£90* - - - -
Mid season£90* - - - -
High season£90* - - - -
Festive specials - - - - -
Promotional period - - - - -
ServiceFrequencyIncluded / SuppliedSupplementRates
Cleaning on departure
For your guidance
Information :
Present on site : pets, farm animals
Non smoking rental
Mobile telephone network coverage
Personal transport advisable
Water : hot/cold
Local voltage supply : 110-120V / 60Hz
Electricity supply : mains
Booking conditions
Reservation :
Payment made upon reservation : 25% of rental sum
Payment balance : on handing over the keys
Deposit required : £91*
rentals :
Service charges included
Day tax included
Cleaning charge on departure included
Accepted methods of payment :
Holiday voucher
Leisure, Surroundings, Location Unusual 52952
Leisure activities less than 20 km / 12 miles : Pedalo, windsurfing, sailing, golf, tennis, horse trecking, mini-golf, ten-pin bowling
SurroundingsCountryside - Calvados
Locality :
Sandy beach at 1.25mi.
Public swimming pool at 1.25mi.
Public tennis court at 1.25mi.
Amenities :
Town centre at 0.62mi.
Supermarket at 1.25mi.
Location AccessUnusual Honfleur
Chemin du Petit St Pierre
14600 HonfleurLower Normandy
GPS coordinates of accommodation
Latitude 49°24'26"N
Longitude 0°14'3"E
Access routes Holiday lettings 52952
at 1.25mi. / 5min.
Motorway (junction) Honfleur
Honfleur, Calvados, Lower Normandy, France
Towns close by
Deauville (9mi.)
Caen (37,3mi.)
Étretat (37,3mi.)
Close to Port de Ouistreham, Embouchure de la Seine, Pointe du Chicard, Gare Maritime d'Escale, Ile des Essarts, Chateau d'Etelan, Pointe du Hoc, Orbec, Orne, Banc du Ratier, Valmont, Pointe du Fourquet, Foret de Montgeon, L'Aiguillon, Mont Courel, Vie, Cap Fagnet, Embouchure de la Touques, Foret de Livarot, Chateau de la Chevalerie, Foret de Saint-Arnoult
Towns close by
Nearby places
Photos Unusual 52952
Gypsy Caravan in Honfleur - Advert 52952 @cc
Interior layout, Gypsy Caravan in Honfleur - Advert 52952 @cc
Kitchen, Gypsy Caravan in Honfleur - Advert 52952 @cc
Kitchen Area, Gypsy Caravan in Honfleur - Advert 52952 @cc
Interior layout and facilities, Gypsy Caravan in Honfleur - Advert 52952 @cc
Outside setting, Gypsy Caravan in Honfleur - Advert 52952 @cc
Return to the rental listingsContact


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4 for How Products And Are Skin Look Younger
You should consider tinting your eyebrows, if you do are together with a regarding fair hair and fair skin. The eyebrows assist define and emphasize confront. If epidermis is pale and flowing hair is light, you can be losing from the potential benefits of one's eyebrows. Make use of a subtle tint to transform your eyebrows' effects. As for some other types of acne including teenage acne, the exact causes of adult acne remain unknown, but are viewed as to relate with changes or imbalances in our body's bodily hormones.
It is suspected these kinds of hormonal changes at various times the lives bring about increases the particular amount of oil our own skin which usually turn in order to clogged pores or strands of in epidermis. This results in waste matter building up under the surface of your which becomes infected by bacteria and produced the well known spots suffered by adult acne sufferers or people who suffer in general causing your requirement for trying to find an effective adult acne treatment.
lam dep tai nha Advancement associated with age will result in the start causing signs and symptoms of aging within your face. Everyone all over the world knows that no an online business stop the aging process. But everyone tries different combat aging products in their skin. But the fact seemingly different. The body also contains an expiry date like other products and services. Apply Hot steam towards your face for 25 minutes each and 20 min in the evening and employ a Clean dry cloth to wipe your face off.
Hot steam reveal the pores on your face and thời trang helps the pimples to clearout.Apply some castor oil treatment on confront after applying hot steam, it is absolutely effective. Castor oil treatment Lubricates your skin and having an good healing properties. danh gia tham my vien Capricorn- The age 2012 begins on an ideal note an individual also find your ruling planet Venus favoring you thoroughly. Your love for luxury and practical nature help you carve a niche for yourself in the area of finance, cosmetics or IT.
This year, sure you look very carefully at the way your decisions will impact those close for before you jump for that kill. Use incredibly 50 g each. Wash and remove. Blend in a food processor. Mix 1/4 cup of distilled water. Strain the solution. Apply on face and neck as being a toner. To keep the skin healthy, start on the inside first. Have a healthy diet complete with plenty colorful vegetables that in fiber, water and antioxidants.
Plus eating properly, avoid excess alcohol and all of the tobacco treatments. Now pay a visit to where these tools would ideally reside. Will there be enough room for them all to be placed away at the same time? Do you need to get rid of a lot of it or are you going to more space or better organization laptop or computer? If you have enough space then its probably more a problem of effective time management and routine, if there's not enough space you always be keeping great deal stuff perhaps not enjoy the proper memory.


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About Me:
I am currently a dental hygiene student in Orem, UT and will graduate in August 2014 with a Bachelor of Science in Dental Hygiene.
Orem, UT
In: Student Help | June 5, 2014
I remember having a fellow student take x-rays on me and showed our instructor and I had 6 CAVITIES! I was so embarrassed. But then my instructor sat me down and said that she has had 3 root canals and 6 crowns. She said no matter what she does, she always gets cavities and has needed dental work done. If you know you are doing your best when it comes to your oral health habits, then that's all that matters. Don't let anything about your teeth or your smile hold you back. I bet half of the other students in your program are thinking the EXACT same thing as you are right now 🙂
Question: New student without perfect teeth | September 17, 2014
acsw18 has no Best Answers.
Dental Hygiene with Kara RDH


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Class Descriptions and Goals for Monday Night Live — 2020-2021 (5781)
Monday Night Live!
Grades 8th-12th
Mondays 6:15-7:30pm
As part of the brand new Living Judaism: Religious School at Shaaray Tefila, Monday Night Live has been transformed to reflect the experiential "Gates of Learning" Education Program. Eighth - 12th graders will meet weekly on Mondays from 6:15pm - 7:30pm. The entire community will begin the evening together with a pizza dinner and schmoozing. All of Monday Night Live! will be taught by Senior Staff so that you can be assured that our older students have regular contact and connection with the Rabbis and Directors of programming. We can promise that your teen will connect with Judaism in a whole new way!
The Benefits
Unity of Community:
Alternating A-B schedules: During "A" weeks your child will engage in a more traditional grade-specific curriculum. During "B" weeks learners will take part in our "Gates of learning" experience theme connecting them to our greater congregation.
"A" weeks will offer our students foundational Jewish knowledge. "B" weeks will have fun, creative, small and large group community action and project-based learning
The Gate experience will consist of infusing everyday experiences with Jewish values, history and education. For instance, in the "Gate" of Israel learners will experience the rich history of the city of Tzfat through a night of painting. Or while learning about different sects of Judaism, we will cook a Sephardic dish together! Interest and curiosity will be piqued as a result of the variety of "out of the box" experiential learning: Jewish memories and connections will be created through action learning. Students will wonder, "what are we doing this week!"
Dinner time will be spent interacting with other students, faculty and Rabbis, beginning with Ha Motzi and ending with Birkat Hamazon (the blessing after meals) led by Senior Staff.
8th grade
Our 8th graders will come together specifically to make the world a better place! Whether they take part in caring for themselves, the earth or others, the focus is on tikkun olam (repairing the world). The learners will actively participate in social action projects to help those in need. Additionally, areas of discussion and study are relevant and timely issues that impact middle school students with an emphasis on ethical dilemmas and lively debates.
Meets weekly Monday 6:15-7:30pm
9th grade
Our 9th graders, led by a member of our Senior Staff, will focus on "Jewish Identity", Israel, comparative religion and study different sects of Judaism. They will experience guest speakers with differing perspectives on religious life, customs and social issues in the world. Environmental issues, anti-Semitism, hands-on social action, current events and cooking are part of the 9th grade curriculum. Included in our goals for 9th grade, is the expansion of each student's horizons as we expose them to different ideas and cultures and educate them within a backdrop of tolerance and acceptance.
Meets weekly Monday 6:15-7:30pm
10th grade
Confirmation is a special year. During class with our Senior Staff members, our students explore a variety of Jewish topics from a more mature perspective. Confirmation class also includes a mandatory 4 day/3 night trip to RAC (Religious Action Center) in Washington, D.C. The end of the year is celebrated by a meaningful service and a special dinner surrounding the Holiday of Shavuot.
Meets weekly Monday 6:15-7:30pm
11th-12th grade
Monday 6:15pm-7:30pm (approx. twice a month). Post Confirmation students, led by our Senior Staff, learn about various critical topics, whether local or global, through a Jewish lens. Many lessons taught are devoted to helping our 11th and 12th graders prepare for their transition into adult life. From speakers to experiential, hands-on learning and in depth discussions it is one of the richest learning experiences we offer our teens.
Madrichim (Teacher's Assistants)
Students in 8th-12th grade may apply to our Madrichim (guides) program. While they work at the temple, they may work in a classroom, tutor Hebrew, or assist in office work. This is a wonderful opportunity for your teen to become a role model for our younger students, learn leadership skills, and assist in all areas of pedagogy. For students who are in 8th, grade hours are applied to community service. Students who are in grades 9-12 may choose community service hours or a paycheck.
If you have a child attending Monday Night Live! we will provide a fully supervised homework and childcare center for enrolled students in grades 1-7. This convenient program is free of charge and will run between the hours of 6:30-8:00p.m. on Monday evenings


text:
Eltocin is a bacteriostatic antibiotic drug produced by a strain of Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly Streptomyces erythraeus) and belongs to the macrolide group of antibiotics which consists of Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Spiramycin and others. It was originally discovered in 1952. Eltocin is widely used for treating a variety of infections, including those caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It is available for administration in various forms, including intravenous, topical, and eye drop preparations.
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A BRAND NEW flavor and a BRAND NEW type of bar! We are so excited about our NEW Chewy Nutty Chocolate Almond bar, made with a delicious mixture of nuts and chocolatey flavors, we only use clean, natural, and wholesome ingredients in our newest ridiculously delicious bar. Our Chewy Nutty Bars are a perfect keto friendly snack for those who like a little crunch!
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Xiaomi is reportedly planning to update the Redmi series. A recent leaked reports that the company plans to launch a new smartphone, which will be nothing other than Redmi Note 9 5G. Recall that the basic version of the device, which is now available on the market only support LTE.
Information about the imminent release of a new device published the authoritative insider, hiding under the name Digital Chat Station information from which it is almost always confirmed. He has published some specifications of the upcoming smartphone and offered to users of Weibo to guess the cost of the device. According to the analyst, the smartphone will be equipped with 120-Hz LCD screen. The "heart" of the device will become a popular mainstream chipset Qualcomm Snapdragon 765G, 3Dnews reports.
Most affordable 5G device in the current model range of the manufacturer at the moment is the Redmi K30i, but it is likely that the new Redmi Note modification 9 will cost even less. This will probably be achieved thanks to the fact that, according to the leak, the smartphone will be equipped with a relatively modest 48-Megapixel camera. It is also known that battery capacity of the smartphone is 5000 mAh. Assume the support of 33 W fast charging.
It seems that Xiaomi plans to release 5G the most affordable smartphone on the market. Probably in the next few days the Network has new details about the upcoming smartphone.


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Last Check List Before Submitting Your Master's Thesis
Writing up your master's thesis is a big job, and you need to take some time to think about administrative issues as well as the content of your thesis. We've talked before about the final steps you need to take to make sure that your PhD thesis is ready to submit. Today, it's the turn of the master's students. If you're finishing up your master's, take a look at this checklist and make sure you're ready with everything you need to submit your thesis.
1. Check your word count
It's important that your thesis stays within the word limit allowed by your university. Most departments are very strict about this, and you can lose marks or even have your thesis rejected if it's too long. So check the allowed word count in your departmental handbook or on your university's website. Generally, you are allowed to be within 10% of the stated word count – so if the count is 3000 words, you can submit between 2700 and 3300 words for your thesis. This differs between universities though, so check this too! If your thesis is too long, be brutal in cutting out any irrelevant information to make it as tight as possible.
2. Check your references carefully
You should be adding references to your thesis as you write it. But you need to do a check of all your references at the end too. First, identify every statement in your thesis which requires a reference. Then, make sure your references are in place within the text and in the right format. Generally, in-text references are presented in the format: "factual statement (Author, year)". Next, make sure that every reference in your text also appears in the reference list at the end of your thesis. This is where your full reference information goes, and you need to make sure that this is in the correct format for your university too. Finally, check that there are no references in your reference list which do not appear in your text.
3. Do your formatting
Formatting a thesis is always a bother, so leave yourself some time to adjust the fonts, margins, and line spacing to your liking. Don't forget to add page numbers to the top or bottom of the page for easier reading. You'll also need a table of contents, which lists your section headings and which page they can be found on. If you're using Word, you can generate this automatically.
4. Put together your title page
You will need a title page for your thesis, which generally includes the title, the university and department, and the date. Often, master's theses should not have your name on them, as they may be marked blind. In this case, you should have a candidate number or reference number which goes on your title page instead of your name. Double check in your departmental handbook if you are unsure.
Still hesitating which PhD program you should apply to? Discover best study opportunities in your field on INOMICS:
5. Print & bind or submit electronically
Often, for a master's thesis you can print it yourself on regular printer paper, and then bind it using a comb binder and a binding machine. The admin office at your university may well have these supplies which you can use, or they can direct you to where you can find them. This will be much cheaper than having the thesis printed at a print shop! Alternatively, at some universities you can submit your thesis electronically. You will need to convert your thesis to a PDF and then email it or submit it through the online form provided by your university.
6. Get a receipt
Whether you submit a paper copy of your thesis to your university office, or you submit it electronically through an online form, it's a good idea to get a receipt or acknowledgement of your submission. That way, in case there are any problems with your submission or your thesis is lost, you can prove that you handed it in on time. A signed note from the university office should be just fine.
7. Celebrate!
Congratulations, you've finished your master's thesis! Now go out and celebrate your big achievement.
Find lots more tips for master's students and other academics here:
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MBA or Specialized Master's Degree: Which One is Best for You?
There are several key differences between an MBA and M.S. degree. The one you choose depends on your career goals, experience, finances and more. Focus MBA programs are more all-encompassing. They are meant for students looking to gain functional knowledge across all aspects of business. A specialized master's program is exactly that — it focuses on a specific area of business and provides a deep and precise knowledge of that subject.
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A latex agglutination test (LAT) has been developed for the diagnosis of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP). The latex microspheres were coated with MmmSC polyclonal immunoglobulin G antiserum and detected MmmSC antigen in the serum of cattle infected with CBPP and in growth medium containing MmmSC. The specific antigen recognizsed by this test appeared to be the capsular polysaccharide (CPS). The LAT recognized all 23 strains of MmmSC examined in this study, with a sensitivity level of 2 ng of CPS, or the equivalent of 5 × 103 CFU, in a reaction volume of 0.03 ml. Therefore, rapid identification of MmmSC cultures should be possible. Agglutination was also observed with the related goat pathogens and "Mycoplasma mycoides" cluster members Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides large colony biotype (four of six strains positive) and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (three of six strains positive), in agreement with the suggestion that these latter two mycoplasmas may in fact represent a single species (although collectively exhibiting two capsular serotypes). Comparisons in diagnosis with the complement fixation test (CFT) were made by using African field sera from CBPP-infected cattle. After 2 (or 3) min of incubation, the test detected 55% (or 61%) of CFT-positive sera and 29% (or 40%) of CFT-negative sera, with an overall correlation in diagnosis of 62% (or 61%). The rates for false-positive diagnoses made by using "known" CBPP-negative sera from the United Kingdom were 3 or 13% after 2 or 3 min of incubation, respectively. The data agree with previous findings that some CBPP CFT-negative misdiagnoses may occur due to "antibody eclipsing" by excess circulating antigen. The LAT combines low cost and high specificity with ease of application in the field, without the need for any specialist training or equipment.
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony biotype (MmmSC) is the causal agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), currently the most economically serious disease of cattle in Africa, with losses per annum estimated to be in the region of $2 billion (19). The disease is now endemic in large areas of sub-Saharan Africa and can rapidly spread over large areas as a result of unrestricted cattle movements. Diagnosis and control can be hampered due to long incubation periods when cattle may express no overt disease symptoms. A number of diagnostic tests currently exist, but most are difficult to use in situ, lack sensitivity, or require resources unavailable in many countries affected by the disease.
The current Office International des Épizooties-prescribed test for the diagnosis of CBPP is the modified complement fixation test (CFT) (5, 25). Although the test is highly specific, it is relatively expensive to perform, it is slow, and it requires trained personnel and laboratory facilities. In addition, it is less effective at diagnosing animals in the early stages of the disease or of animals with chronic lesions (25). A number of more modern tests have recently been described, including biochemical (28), indirect and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (12, 24), immunoblotting (24, 27), and PCR (3, 20). Although these tests can offer advantages in terms of sensitivity, specificity, or reproducibility, they still require considerable investment in equipment and trained personnel and, most importantly, cannot be used for rapid "penside" diagnosis of CBPP, since they must be performed in the laboratory.
As an aid to effective field control, a rapid and inexpensive penside test for the accurate diagnosis of CBPP was recently identified as a top priority by the OIE/FAO/OAU Consultative Group on CBPP (2). Rapid slide agglutination tests for CBPP diagnosis by using MmmSC CFT antigen mixed with a drop of whole blood or serum have previously been described (26, 34). Although these tests were reported to be very sensitive, their use is not recommended due to an unacceptable number of false-positive reactions (1, 34). Since control measures for CBPP can include both quarantine and slaughter, it is vital for a test to exhibit a low number of false-positive reactions if the confidence of the local farmer is to be maintained.
Latex agglutination tests (LATs) for the diagnosis of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia caused by the related Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae have been described previously (15, 31). These tests are designed to detect either serum antibodies against the mycoplasmal capsular polysaccharide (CPS) or, alternatively, to detect this antigen directly. The first test was made by coating latex particles with purified CPS, whereas the second test used specific anti-M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae immunoglobulin G (IgG) to bind to circulating CPS. In use, a positive reaction is signaled by a rapid agglutination signal (1 to 5 min).
MmmSC is known to produce large quantities of extracellular CPS (11) and, during the early or acute stages of infection, this antigen can "eclipse" the antibody response and lead to a false-negative diagnosis for CBPP with the CFT (35). In one study, up to 36% of CBPP-positive animals were undetected by the CFT (4). The development of a LAT that detects this circulating antigen could offer significant advantages in terms of diagnosis of early or acute stages of infection. We describe here the development and testing of such an LAT for the diagnosis of CBPP that is based upon the detection of serum CPS by using latex particles coated with MmmSC-specific IgG.
Mycoplasma strains and growth conditions.The mycoplasma species and strains used in the present study are shown in Table 1. All mycoplasma were grown in Mycoplasma Experience (ME) broth and agar medium (Mycoplasma Experience, Reigate, Surrey, United Kingdom) apart from MmmSC strain N6 for the production of CPS (grown in modified Newing's tryptose broth [10]). To measure the titer of broth cultures used in agglutination reactions, serial dilutions were made in fresh medium to measure color changing units, or alternatively, plated onto solid medium, followed by colony counting (22). Sodium azide (0.05%) was added to broth cultures at the time of sampling, and cultures were subsequently stored at 4°C prior to agglutination reactions.
Antisera.Rabbit hyperimmune serum (R54) against MmmSC strain N6 (14) was produced by two subcutaneous injections of mycoplasma (gluteraldehyde inactivated, followed by quenching with glycine). The final inoculum constitution was 5.6 mg/ml of protein in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.5) containing 0.01% glutaraldehyde-0.01 M glycine-0.01% thimerosal in an equal volume of oil adjuvant (Montanide ISA50; Seppic, Paris, France), followed by one intravenous injection of an aqueous suspension. Injections were given every 3 weeks. The IgG fraction was purified on a protein A-Sepharose column by standard methodology (7) and eluted in a final volume containing 7.8 mg/ml in PBS. Negative control rabbit IgG fraction (R46) was similarly purified at a final concentration of 7.5 mg/ml.
CBPP field sera were obtained from naturally infected cattle herds from the Iringa, Mbeya, and Morogoro regions of Tanzania. Negative control bovine antisera were obtained from herds located in several outdoor locations in the United Kingdom, a country that has been free from CBPP for more than 100 years. (The sera were supplied by Robin Nicholas, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom.)
Purification of CPS.CPS was purified from spent medium by using a previously published technique (36). No protein could be detected in the purified CPS by a variety of assays (Bradford assay, Lowry assay, and after silver staining of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels). The amount of carbohydrate present was measured by the phenol-sulfuric acid method (6).
Measurement of CPS antibody titer.ELISA analysis was used to estimate the MmmSC CPS antibody titer in the IgG fraction used to coat the latex particles (to allow for standardization between different antibody batches). Microtiter plates (Greiner) were coated with a saturating amount of antigen, i.e., 0.1 ml of antigen solution at a concentration of 10 μg/ml in PBS (pH 7.5), and left overnight at 4°C. The antigen was either purified CPS, or whole MmmSC, pelleted out of growth medium, washed three times in PBS (supplemented with 5% [wt/vol] glucose), and then resuspended in PBS prior to sonication (three 20-s bursts). The plates were then blocked in a 5% solution of dry skim milk in PBST (PBS plus 0.05% Tween 20 [Sigma]) for 2 h at room temperature. Primary antibody (either anti-MmmSC IgG [R54] or a negative control IgG [R37]) was standardized at an initial concentration of 7.5 mg/ml in PBS and then diluted 1:200 into blocking solution. Twofold serial dilutions in blocking buffer were then made across the plate (1:200 down to 1:409,600). Incubations were done in a final volume of 0.1 ml. Appropriate negative primary and secondary controls were included. Sodium azide was added to a final concentration of 0.05% (wt/vol), and the plates were incubated overnight at room temperature. Four 5-min washes in PBST were performed,and then secondary antibody (pig anti-rabbit antibody-horseradish peroxidase conjugate; Dako A/S, Glostrup, Denmark) was added at a 1:1,000 dilution in blocking solution. After incubation at room temperature for 1 h, plates were washed four times in PBST and developed with o-phenylenediamine dichloride (OPD; Sigma). The optical density was measured at 492 nm with an IEMS plate reader (Labsystems).
Coating of microspheres.A 10% (wt/vol) solution of 0.8-μm diameter polystyrene latex microspheres (LB8; Sigma) was used in the binding reaction. Prior to use, the bead suspension was vigorously vortexed to ensure even distribution of the beads and to break up any large particles. To 0.15 ml of beads (15 mg) was added 2.5 mg of polyclonal anti-MmmSC IgG, and the volume was made up to 1 ml with PBS. (For experiments where the ratio of antibody to beads was altered, the volume of beads and final reaction volume were kept constant, whereas the amount of added antibody was varied. In this case, the volume of beads added was 0.015 ml, with the mixture made up to a final volume of 0.1 ml. No further washing was performed in order to prevent loss of "excess" IgG from the bead solution.) Negative control beads were produced by using an identical protocol but with IgG purified from a nonimmunized rabbit. The mixture was incubated overnight at 4°C on an end-to-end shaker, and then centrifuged at 15,000 rpm (20,000 × g) for 3 min in a microfuge. The supernatant was removed, and the beads were resuspended in 1 ml of PBST. The mixture was centrifuged as before, the supernatant was removed, and the beads were resuspended in a final volume of 1.0 ml of PBS supplemented with 0.05% sodium azide as a preservative. Resuspension of the beads was normally achieved by vortexing, although a brief sonication (5 s) was found to be useful in difficult cases. Preabsorption of polyclonal anti-MmmSC IgG with CPS was accomplished as follows: 50 μg of purified CPS was added to 100 μg of IgG in a reaction volume of 0.1 ml of PBS. A positive control tube contained only IgG. The mixture was left to incubate at room temperature for 30 min, followed by centrifugation at 15,000 rpm (20,000 × g) in a microfuge. The supernatant was added to 15 μl (15 mg) of beads and treated as described above, prior to resuspension in a final volume of 0.1 ml of PBS. The beads were then tested in agglutination reactions.
Latex agglutination tests.Agglutination tests were performed on (i) purified CPS diluted in negative bovine serum, medium, or PBS; (ii) field and experimentally infected bovine serum samples; and (iii) mycoplasma suspensions grown in ME liquid medium, with serial dilutions made in the same medium. Agglutination reactions were performed in triplicate by using the same procedure: 25 to 30 μl of test solution was divided into aliquots onto a glass microscope slide, and 3 to 5 μl of the bead suspension (containing 50 to 75 μg of beads) was added with a pipette. The beads were thoroughly mixed, and the slide was incubated for 1 to 5 min on a rocking shaker with gentle agitation. The key to good agglutination reactions appeared to be side-to-side movement of the reaction solution across the slide. Beads coated with negative IgG were mixed with the positive test solutions to test for autoagglutination. Agglutination (when seen against a dark background) was most obvious when the reaction was still wet, although it could still be clearly observed when dry in the case of strong positive reactions.
CFT.The CFT was performed according to the OIE manual of standards (25) with antigen and reagents supplied by Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute of the Agricultural Research Council of South Africa.
Definition of agglutinating activity.After the coated latex microspheres were mixed with positive test solutions (containing CPS antigen), an agglutination reaction occurred, the rapidity and extent of which depending upon the amount of antigen. For the purposes of the present study, a four-point scale was adopted, exhibited pictorially in Fig. 1, and defined as heavy flocculent precipitates forming within 1 min (clear background) (3 [+++]), heavy flocculent precipitates taking 1 to 5 min to form (clear background) (2 [++]), light flocculent precipitate against mostly clear background (1 to 5 min) (1 [+]), or no precipitate, cloudy homogeneous background (0 [−]).
Identification of the antigen recognized by anti-MmmSC IgG-coated beads.A similar LAT for the identification of the related goat pathogen M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae has previously been described (15) which was based upon detection of extracellular CPS as the sole or major antigen. Since MmmSC has been shown to produce large quantities of extracellular CPS (11, 35), it seemed likely that the soluble antigen recognized by the anti-MmmSC IgG-coated beads was also CPS. First, MmmSC IgG-coated beads strongly agglutinated pure CPS in solution (see below). Second, when CPS antibodies were preabsorbed from the MmmSC IgG prior to coating of the latex particles, all agglutinating activity was lost with purified CPS in solution (50 μg per ml), with MmmSC culture medium (titer of 5 × 109 per ml), and with MmmSC-positive serum samples. Nonpreabsorbed beads continued to give a positive reaction in these tests. To ensure that CPS had not simply displaced IgG from the latex particles, preabsorbed beads were incubated with goat anti-rabbit IgG. A strong agglutination reaction indicated that the beads were still coated with rabbit IgG. Similarly, incubation of the preabsorbed beads with rabbit anti-MmmSC did not result in agglutination, as would be expected if the beads were coated with MmmSC CPS. These findings strongly suggest that CPS is the major or single antigen recognized by the test.
Sensitivity of anti-MmmSC IgG-coated latex microspheres at detecting MmmSC in medium.MmmSC strain N6 was cultured in ME medium to a titer of 5 × 109 CFU/ml. The culture was serially diluted in fresh medium and tested in a LAT (Table 2). Clear agglutination activity was observed down to a dilution of 1: 32,768, which is equivalent to 4.8 × 103 mycoplasma per agglutination reaction (0.03 ml) or a titer of 1.4 × 105 mycoplasmas per ml. This is the same degree of sensitivity as previously reported for antigen detection LATs directed at both M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (15) and M. pneumoniae (18) and represented an "average" sensitivity level for strains of MmmSC. Sensitivity levels between different cultures of MmmSC varied over a 5- to 10-fold range (data not shown), possibly reflecting differences in the level of CPS production between strains (17). When the medium was cleared of mycoplasma prior to testing in the LAT (by centrifugation at 15,000 × g for 30 min), no difference in sensitivity was observed, strongly suggesting that soluble CPS was responsible for agglutinating activity rather than (or in addition to) the mycoplasmas themselves. If the mycoplasma pellet was resuspended in fresh ME medium after centrifugation, a positive agglutination reaction was observed at ∼100-fold-reduced sensitivity, presumably due to shedding of the CPS coat during resuspension (after a further round of centrifugation, this medium was still positive). No agglutination was observed with negative IgG-coated beads or with anti-MmmSC IgG-coated beads placed in negative medium.
Agglutinating activity of latex microspheres coated with different amounts of anti-MmmSC IgG and the effect of excess IgG on test sensitivity.Previous results (15) indicated that beads have a binding capacity of 0.33 to 0.5 mg of IgG per mg of beads. Beads coated with different amounts of anti-MmmSC IgG were tested in agglutination reactions (i) to determine the most sensitive and cost-effective ratio of IgG to latex particles for general use and (ii) to determine whether an excess of CPS antibodies in the agglutination reaction might affect sensitivity by sequestering free CPS antigen. This situation might occur if an animal had a high anti-CPS titer at the time of testing. Beads (1.5 mg) were mixed with 0.001 to 5.0 mg of anti-MmmSC IgG, made up to a final volume of 0.1 ml of PBS and titrated against purified CPS in a solution of PBST (Table 3). At very low IgG concentrations (0.001 to 0.005 mg of IgG per 1.5 mg of beads), the test was ineffective at detecting CPS in solution. Test sensitivity was highest in the range 0.01-0.5 mg of IgG per 1.5 mg of beads (sensitivity of 125 ng/ml, equivalent to 2.5 ng of CPS per reaction volume of 0.025 ml). The test sensitivity was reduced (4 μg of CPS/ml or 80 ng per reaction) at very high IgG concentrations (1 to 5 mg of IgG per 1.5 mg of beads). This equates to an MmmSC IgG serum concentration of 8.3 mg/ml (5 mg of IgG/15 mg of latex made up to 0.1 ml [i.e., 50 mg/ml] and diluted 1:6 into CPS test solution). This is ∼1,000-fold higher than the CPS antigen concentration, suggesting that excess anti-CPS is unlikely to be a problem affecting test sensitivity in practice.
Although this series of experiments suggested that beads coated with 0.05 mg of IgG per 1.5 mg of beads offered the greatest sensitivity in the LAT, previous research (15) has suggested that beads coated with lower levels of IgG sometimes give more variable results. To maintain consistency, a slightly higher level of IgG was used to produce the latex test for general use (0.25 mg of IgG per 1.5 mg of beads).
Measurement of CPS antibody titer in MmmSC IgG fraction.To enable reproducibility between different batches of antisera used to produce anti-MmmSC coated beads, the titer of the CPS-specific IgG used to coat the beads was measured by ELISA. Two ELISAs were used: one to measure the anti-CPS titer (using purified CPS as antigen) and the second to measure the overall anti-MmmSC titer (using whole sonicated MmmSC as antigen). Thus, the specific anti-CPS titer could be estimated and taken into account (if necessary) between different batches of serum.
Purified IgG was standardized at 7.5 mg/ml and then twofold serially diluted from 1:200 to 1:409,600 and incubated with antigen-coated plates. Results are plotted graphically in Fig. 2 (purified CPS as antigen [panel A] and whole sonicated MmmSC as antigen [panel B]). Using the linear portion of the graph to estimate antibody titer, 7.5 mg of R54 antiserum/ml (as used to produce the LAT) can be seen to detect purified CPS down to a dilution of 1:100,000 and whole sonicated MmmSC down to a dilution of 1:300,000 (a ratio of 1:3). Negative control IgG (R37) exhibited a negligible titer against both antigens. Production of a CPS monospecific polyclonal antiserum for use in the LAT was not successful, since immunization of rabbits with purified CPS did not result in a detectable antibody titer (16), a frequent occurrence with carbohydrate antigens when presented in a pure form to the immune system (9, 32).
Specificity of anti-MmmSC IgG-coated latex microspheres.The antigen-detection LAT was tested against a variety of mycoplasmal species known to be evolutionarily closely related to MmmSC (including all members of the M. mycoides cluster) and mycoplasmas likely to be found as associated pathogens (such as M. bovis; Table 1). All mycoplasmal species were grown in ME liquid medium to mid-log phase, with titers in the range 5 × 107 to 8 × 108/ml. The LAT detected all strains of MmmSC with similar sensitivity levels (Table 4; dilutions in the range 10−2 to 10−3 were positive). Some strains of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides large colony biotype [MmmLC] tested positive (four of six), as did some strains of M. mycoides subsp. capri (three of six strains tested positive). No agglutination was noted for any other mycoplasmal species tested, even in undiluted growth medium.
Determination of optimum incubation period for the LAT.To determine sensitivity and specificity, the LAT was tested against CFT-positive (n = 44) or -negative (n = 35) sera obtained from African CBPP field outbreaks and against a bank of sera from the United Kingdom (n = 32), a country that has been free of CBPP for more than 100 years. The agglutination signal was read every minute for 5 min, and individual samples were recorded as either positive (agglutination >1 [+]) or negative (agglutination signal 0 [−]). The percentage of samples within each of the three sera categories that gave a positive agglutination signal at each time point was then plotted (Fig. 3). These data allowed the optimum incubation period (highest signal-to-noise ratio) for the LAT to be determined.
Incubation for 2 min yielded a sensitivity figure of 55% compared to CFT and a specificity figure of 3% false positives (United Kingdom negative sera). After 3 min of incubation, the results were 61% sensitivity and 13% false positives. With African CFT-negative field sera, 29 and 40% of samples were detected as positive by the LAT after 2 and 3 min of incubation, respectively.
Comparison of the LAT with the CFT.A comparison of the LAT with the CFT was made (Table 5) by using African field sera from a CBPP outbreak. The LAT exhibited 62 and 61% correlation in diagnosis (after 2 or 3 min of incubation, respectively). The main discrepancy in diagnosis was due to reduced sensitivity of the LAT compared to the CFT.
A LAT for the diagnosis of CBPP that uses latex microspheres coated with anti-MmmSC IgG and is based upon the detection of MmmSC CPS antigen in the serum of infected animals has been described. Such a test should be useful in diagnosing acutely infected animals in circumstances in which "antibody masking" can occur due to excess circulating CPS (35) or in diagnosing such animals at the earliest stages of infection, prior to a measurable antibody response. From the perspective of CBPP field control, it is important to identify such animals due to their likely role as "active" sources of infection (rather than recovered animals, which are likely to be serologically positive but not necessarily infective).
The sensitivity level of the MmmSC IgG-coated LAT was (the equivalent of) ca. 5 × 103 mycoplasmas or 2.5 ng of pure CPS per agglutination reaction (volume of 0.025 to 0.03 ml). Since the test detects soluble CPS rather than (or in addition to) the mycoplasmas themselves, and with equal sensitivity, the use of clarified serum, pleural fluid, nasal swabs, or cell medium is possible. The LAT was found to detect all strains of MmmSC tested, in agreement with data obtained with monoclonal antibodies that CPS is antigenically conserved between all strains of MmmSC (13). In addition to MmmSC, the LAT was also agglutinated by some strains of the closely related M. mycoides cluster members M. mycoides subsp. mycoides large-colony biotype (MmmLC), and M. mycoides subsp. capri. The taxonomic grouping of these latter two mycoplasmal species is the subject of some debate at present, with several recent publications suggesting that on the basis of DNA sequence analysis it may be more appropriate to reclassify them as a single species (8, 21, 33). The data reported here, in which some strains of each species are detected by the LAT, do not disagree with this hypothesis. However, they do suggest that if MmmLC and M. mycoides subsp. capri are indeed the same species of mycoplasma, then at least two serotypes must exist. We have observed similar "serotyping" results with CPS-specific monoclonal antibodies (unpublished results). Whether the presence of common CPS epitopes between MmmSC and the MmmLC-M. mycoides subsp. capri cluster might result in false-positive diagnoses for CBPP remains to be determined from field studies. However, we have been unable to trace any report concerning the detection of CPS antigen from MmmLC-M. mycoides subsp. capri in cattle, and the pathogenicity of these latter species in cattle remains uncertain (23, 29, 30).
It is likely that the LAT will be more effective in diagnosing acutely infected cattle, whereas the CFT will be more effective in diagnosing convalescent animals. The CFT was originally introduced in 1935 (5, 25) and, although the test is highly specific, it is not particularly sensitive, being less effective at diagnosing animals in the early stages of the disease or of animals with chronic lesions (25). High levels of circulating CPS antigen can lead to false-negative diagnoses due to antibody "masking" (35), and in one study up to 36% of CBPP-positive animals were undetected by the CFT (4). In comparison to the CFT, the MmmSC IgG-coated LAT exhibited 62 and 61% correlation in diagnosis at 2 and 3 min of incubation, respectively. Discrepancies in diagnosis were noted with both African CFT-positive sera (55 or 61% LAT-positive after 2 or 3 min of incubation, respectively) and CFT-negative sera (29 or 40% LAT-positive after 2 or 3 min of incubation, respectively). However, a high level of correlation is unlikely since the CFT detects a serological response, whereas the LAT detects the presence of antigen, and it is unlikely that both will coexist at a high level in the same animal. The specificity of the LAT was very good with "known"' UK-negative sera, i.e., "known" negative sera obtained from United Kingdom cattle, a country free of CBPP (3 and 13% false positives at 2 and 3 min incubation, respectively). Since the test does not detect an antibody response, nonspecific serological reactions leading to false-positive diagnoses should not occur. On the basis of these results, the recommended incubation period for the MmmSC IgG-coated LAT would be for 2 min. This should detect more than half of all CFT-positive animals (and some animals undetected by the CFT) in a herd and yet result in a very low level of false-positive reactions.
A test that allows rapid and inexpensive primary herd screening prior to confirmatory laboratory diagnosis (e.g., PCR or ELISA) should be useful in the field. In contrast to other diagnostic tests, no expensive equipment or reagents are required (e.g., ELISA plate readers, PCR machines, gel electrophoresis equipment, enzymes, etc.), and results can be obtained in situ within minutes. The requirements are minimal: glass slides (which are inexpensive and reusable) and disposable plastic Pasteur pipettes (using a predetermined drop size). The stability of the beads after storage for several months at ambient temperatures was not affected (data not shown). At the herd level, the MmmSC IgG-coated LAT should allow rapid and early recognition of a CBPP infection and allow appropriate control measures to be swiftly implemented, for example, quarantine or movement restriction.
This research was funded by the International Atomic Energy Agency, the EU PACE Program, and the Animal Health Program of the United Kingdom Department for International Development.
We thank Robin Nicholas for the supply of negative bovine sera; Willie Donachie, Jason Clark, and Catherine Jepson for review of the manuscript; and Cora Cloughley for technical assistance.
- Received 30 September 2002.
- Returned for modification 16 October 2002.
- Accepted 16 November 2002.
- Copyright © 2003 American Society for Microbiology


text: gvercley 0 Report post Posted May 27 Is it possible to target units with buildings like defensive towers or castles and if so: how can this be done? Right clicking doesn't work and ctrl/shift-right click don't work either. Thank you very much in advance. Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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My wife made my birthday even more special! - Bhanu Uday
Bhanu Uday who is currently seen in Sony Pal's Hamari Sister Didi celebrated his birthday yesterday and in this candid chat with him, he speaks about all he desires for the coming year.
Courtesy : <img src="images/uploads/CFF_bhanu.jpg" height="285" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="500" border="1">
Birthdays are very special to all of us and so is it to the very talented and the very handsome Bhanu Uday who is currently seen in Sony Pal's Hamari Sister Didi as Dr. Karan. This good looking actor celebrated his birthday yesterday (October 16) and hence we got in touch with the actor himself to know more about what he did on his special day. Read on!


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Inflation will rise this year, despite the claims of the government, Dr David Kuo of financial advice website the Motley Fool said on this month's Property Week podcast.
Kuo said that despite government claims that inflation would fall this year, "they are wrong". He said that the trillions being pumped into Western economies meant inflation had to rise.
He pointed the finger of blame at the European Central Bank in particular as a country whihc is pumping trillions into European banks – something he likened to "one huge Ponzi scheme".
Kuo also discussed the state of the European economies, pension funds and what shares you should invest in.
The post Property Week Podcast: Inflation will rise, financial guru Dr David Kuo says appeared first on The Property Week Podcast.


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This page will explain the Steps you need to take to get the society set up in the first month.
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KMail Hacking Day1
The first KMail hacking day is coming to a close. It has been a fun time -- working with many oldtime PIMsters and several new contributors as well. I noticed that KOrganizer was getting a little attention too.
Much of my coding time was spent adapting the toolbar to Ellen and Seele's guidelines. After some sillyness on my part (like putting the Spam and Virus Wizards on the toolbar) I think I have things under control. Note: because the toolbar puts text under the icons you will want to use QAction::setIconText("ShortText") so the typically too long menu text doesn't go on the toolbar.
And while typing this entry I get a message from Ingo that KMail can now send again! Yippee. Now we need the Qt4.3 patches which we think will fix TLS and SSL.
More fun tomorrow.
Kmail UI freeze
Nice to hear that PIM gets some love - I really hope that there will a KDE 4 version of the PIM set soon after KDE 4 landed.
However, almost more important than a KDE 4 version is the most hated bug of KDE which is related to kmail (GUI freeze). Will this be addressed in the new version?
By liquidat at Sun, 04/22/2007 - 11:05