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Closed commemoration of the Roma victims of the Holocaust at Lety u Písku cultural heritage site
13.5.2020 11:26
The commemorative ceremony at Lety u Písku on 13 May 2020 was closed to the public because of security restrictions in place due to the COVID-19 pandemic. (PHOTO: ROMEA TV)
The public commemoration ceremony at the Lety u Písku Cultural Heritage Memorial in the Czech Republic, which annually takes place on 13 May and is traditionally organized by the Committee for the Redress of the Roma Holocaust (VPORH), was not convened by that organization this year because of the ongoing state of emergency due to the COVID-19 panemic. The Museum of Romani Culture, which administers the site of the Cultural Heritage Memorial where the annual ceremony takes place, decided upon consultation with VPORH to hold a closed ceremony at the site, which was broadcast live by news server Romea.cz.
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- PHOTOGALLERY: Commemorative ceremony honoring the memories of the Romani victims of the Holocaust at Lety u Písku
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- Winning design for new memorial to the Holocaust of the Roma and Sinti in the Czech Republic features enormous circle at the site of the former concentration camp
- Here is the winning design for the new memorial to Holocaust victims of Roma and Sinti origin at the former concentration camp in Lety u Písku, Czech Republic
- LIVE BROADCAST AT 11 AM: Winning design for future memorial at former concentration camp for Roma to be unveiled in Prague
- Čeněk Růžička: Traditional commemoration for Romani victims of the Holocaust is postponed due to COVID-19
- Czech Deputy Public Defender of Rights: I hope the law to compensate victims of forced sterilization will soon be adopted
- International competition for new memorial to the Holocaust and its Romani and Sinti victims in Czech Republic has seven finalists
- Czech state's demolition of industrial pig farm on former concentration camp site for Roma to begin in June


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301 Ramsey, MN Painters & Decorators
Painting and decorating your house might seem simple, but once you've tried it you'll know all the things that could go wrong - getting paint on the carpet, skirting boards or light switches, leaving strange paint or roller marks on the walls, or not getting the layers of paint even across all areas of the wall. And let's not even mention putting up wallpaper… If you want the job done well, then turn to local Ramsey, MN painters and decorators. With painting and decorating as their main job, they'll be experts at getting that professional, neat finish that you've been struggling to attain. More
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This is the third time that we have had Jim/Coachman Painting paint our house in the nearly 20 years that we h...Click to call22480 Sunset Ln, Rogers, MN 55374
- 31 years in business
Superior Painting Service in Anoka County | Since 1989
We are very pleased with the work done for us by Above All Painting. Fast and thorough! And they clean up ev...Click to callSponsored
Hired company via a cabinet maker to enamel some kitchen cabinets. First problem started when they misinterpr...Click to call11775 95th Ave N, Maple Grove, MN 55369
Anoka County's High Quality Painting Professional
Master's Touch Painting is a family owned & operated company. Our mission is to provide our customers with a profe...See my projectsClick to callSponsored
Bad company! I hired them to paint my new construction house in Mora Mn. One large wall in my living room only...Click to callSaint Francis, MN 55070
We've hired Decorators Service for three different remodels and they continue to exceed our expectations each...Click to call14140 23rd Avenue N, Plymouth, MN 55447
Kevin's work ethic and Work product are head and shoulders above anyone in his field. He was reliable, trustwo...Click to callMinnetonka, MN 55345
I almost made the mistake of residing my home but Steve Sampson and his crew have completely restored the outs...Click to call4929 Three Points Blvd., Mound, MN 55364
I hired Midge to paint most of my house. I went from dark colors to a white throughout the entire house. Midge...Click to callWhite Bear Lake, MN
Erik removed the popcorn texture of our bathroom ceiling and replaced it with a flat white finish. It looks b...Click to callBig Lake, MN 55309
Amazing from start to finish. Highly recommend. Great employees, easy process, wonderful workmanship. Painted...Click to call11775 95th Ave N, Maple Grove, MN 55369
- 31 years in business
We are very pleased with the work done for us by Above All Painting. Fast and thorough! And they clean up ev...Click to callMaple Grove, MN 55369
Kim was great to work with, reasonably priced, and easy to communicate with. We had a short timeline and need...Click to callMinnetonka, MN 55345
Kurt and his crew did an outstanding job painting the exterior of my 1948 house as well as an exterior shed. P...Click to callWoodbury, MN
Lakewood Painting was started in 2002 by Matt Lenzmeier who has over 23 years of experience. Matt's focus on cust...Read moreClick to callAndover, MN 55304
Blue Eagle Painting has worked on several homes I have owned. Usually painters are either quick but sloppy OR...Click to callBrooklyn Center, MN 55430
Extremely professional and meticulous. Great, friendly painters. Prepped thoroughly and cleaned up afterwords...Click to callMinneapolis, MN 55448
Featured Reviews for Ramsey, MN Painters & Decorators
Above All Painting Services
Ramsey, MN Painters & Decorators
"We are very pleased with the work done for us by Above All Painting. Fast and thorough! And they clean up everything so it looks like they were never here! The entire upper floor of the house is redone in a color and finish that we really love."
Coachman Painting, Inc
Ramsey, MN Painters & Decorators
"I hired Jim Lehtola during 2013-2015 to do many remodeling projects in my home and I am so pleased with the quality of his workmanship. He is professional, has a strong work ethic, and a fine eye for detail. Here is a short list of remodeling projects that Jim did for me. •Opened the space between my kitchen and living area by converting a pass-through window into an arched wall. • Applied knockdown ceiling texture throughout my house and painted all interior walls • Installed and painted new baseboard trim throughout my house • Installed and painted new interior doors, replaced and updated matching trim, and replaced door handles. • Redesigned my master bedroom closet by creating false walls and installing French doors. • Re-insulated, sheet rocked, taped, and painted interior walls that had been gutted for mold and a rodent's nest."
Brush Masters Inc
Ramsey, MN Painters & Decorators
"I am both a client and a colleague of BrushMasters. They are great to work with . They have completely transformed my home from a run-down home to bright and abundant finishes. Their crews are Very qualified. I'd recommend them! "
JLP Unlimited
Ramsey, MN Painters & Decorators
"JLP painted my house before I moved in. They worked hard to stay on schedule and put in extra effort to get it done early. They were great communicators in letting me know what the progress was and when they were coming and going. Definitely will hire again!!"
Decorators Service Co
Ramsey, MN Painters & Decorators
"Adam and his crew do wonderful work. He is is consistent, on time, and respectful. His enameling is like butter. I am a professional in the industry and I never have to think twice about referring Decorators Service. Jennie"
Ramsey, MN Painters & Decorators
"Kevin amd his crew were outstanding in every way. Fort rate work. Flexible in last minutes details and improvements. Reliable and communicative. Polite. Non intrusive. Worked quietly and cleanly. Top shelf. We plan to do some additional painting this spring and will contact PaintCrafters and Kevin Spahn again. I guarantee you will be pleased and happy with their work."
Steven Sampson's Painters & Decorators
Ramsey, MN Painters & Decorators
"We engaged Steve's company to paint the exterior of our home. The crew was professional, and the result, excellent. The work was finished on time and as quoted. The house looks great."
Dukes Painting
Ramsey, MN Painters & Decorators
"My bathrooms looked great. I had 2 bathrooms painted and I couldn't be happier. Work was done on time and no 'surprise' expenses. Absolutely recommend Dukes Painting"
Sapphire Painting LLC
Ramsey, MN Painters & Decorators
"Erik Haselius, Sapphire Painting LLC, has worked with me on multiple projects. His work is excellent and he maintains a neat and clean environment. He is thoroughly knowledgeable about types of paint and materials needed to complete the job in the best manner possible. There are times when cost saving is necessary, and Erik arrives at a reasonable solution for a win-win project outcome. I will be hiring Sapphire Painting to work with me on my personal home in the near future because I have confidence in his ability--plus he is a very nice person! Over the last ten years of working with Erik, either my employer or I (personally) have spent thousands of dollars on painting projects and have been satisfied with his workmanship every time."
Ramsey, MN Painters & Decorators
"Return calls immediately. Quick to get you on the schedule to get the job done. And do amazing work. I have had them do rooms, crown molding, decks, trim, fence and even a potting shed. All of the employees are great and painters talented,"
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New non-medical fabric masks are in stock at Art One Gallery in Old Town Scottsdale. Created by local Arizona artist Deborah McMillion-Nering, the masks are 5x4 inches and are $20 each. For more: artonegalleryinc.com.
Shemer Art Center's Legacy and Expansion Campaign is ongoing. The house next door to the center has sold to an owner who has confirmed that he wants to work with the center. With that comes the opportunity to continue the campaign to acquire the property. The center is working with the neighborhood associations to keep the community informed. For more: shemerartcenter.org.
In-person and virtual classes are now available at the Shemer Art Center. Examples of available classes are Drawing Basics with Elliott Everson, Intermediate and Advanced Pottery with Alan Jones and Mosaic Letters with Dave Hanson. For more: shemerartcenter.org.
Los Cerritos, located on the southeast corner of 40th St. and Indian School Road has officially closed. The building was gutted in late June to make way for a new eatery – but no word yet on what will take its place. RKDA restaurant, on the northwest corner, has also closed its doors.
Executive Chef Brian Archibald will lead the culinary team at Francine, a new Mediterranean restaurant opening in August at Scottsdale Fashion Square. Inspired by dishes from the south of France, Francine will officially open for dinner on Friday, August 14. Archibald brings over three decades of expertise to dishes like grilled octopus, zucchini carpaccio and steak tartare. For more: francinerestaurant.com.
This summer, the Phoenix Public Library will continue to offer Storytime Live for kids. This event showcases local librarians and new stories on Tuesdays and Wednesdays at 10 a.m. and Thursday at 3 p.m. Storytime Live is broadcast on Instagram (@phoenixpubliclibrary). For more: phoenixpubliclibrary.org.
Arcadian Ted Verderame, owner and creator of Endatto Timepieces, is presenting his collection of watches inspired by Arizona's natural beauty. Endatto is an independent company "focused on making affordable, high-quality Swiss timepieces." The collection has been in the works for over a year and is now available to the public. For more: endatto.com.
A new "co-work, co-play" spot has opened in the Gaslight Square complex on 36th St. and Indian School. Canteen Arcadia opened in early July. Along with the "canteen," people are able to book meeting/work rooms located at the back of the building, along with space to hold Zoom calls. The menu boasts snack foods like chicken tenders, mozzarella sticks, breakfast goodies and soft drinks. For more: canteenarcadia.com.
Fry's Food Stores and Mobile On-site Mammography by SimonMed will provide early detection community screenings to the public. M.O.M. offers the newest 3-D mammography technology accompanied by a professional staff that focuses on patient's comfort, care and privacy. Each exam takes 15 minutes and the results are sent to the patient's care provider and to their home. For more: desertcanceraz.org or checkforalump.org.
Java Hustle is a new coffee joint located inside The Marilyn at 44th St. and Thomas. Owner Lance Larson has been on the Phoenix coffee scene for over 20 years and has partnered his family-owned business with Culinary Roots to bring coffee, tea, espresso and grab-and-go treats such as muffins and croissants to the neighborhood. For more: javahustle.com.
Hospice of the Valley opened its fifth White Dove Thrift Shop in early June near Arcadia. The shop, located at 2711 E. Indian School Road, offers guests quality resale furniture, housewares, art, fashion, designer shoes, purses and jewelry. Proceeds from the stores go to patient and family care. Donations are accepted and HOV is also looking for volunteers to help run the new store. For more: whitedovethrift.org.
Hospice of the Valley has also started a free virtual support group for dementia care partners. The group meets Wednesdays from noon to 1 p.m., and is facilitated by a medical social worker who specializes in dementia. Participants discuss the stresses, challenges and rewards of caring for a person living with dementia. Additionally, Hospice of the Valley's dementia campus is scheduled to open in 2021 at Indianola Ave. and 44th St. For more: hov.org.
Club Pilates has temporarily closed three of its Valley studios. During the closure, Club Pilates will offer live mat Pilates classes through their private Facebook group page and Club Pilates GO On Demand video streaming. For more: clubpilates.com.
Medieval Times is reopening its doors to the public on August 6 with extra precautions in place for social distancing safety. All guests must wear a mask and submit to contactless temperature screening before entering the castle, and occupancy will be reduced to 50 percent. Digital menus will be accessible through smartphones and disposable table cards. For more: medievaltimes.com.


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Yes, this is yet another corona story. Only it plans to be a post-corona story. This is of a world when the sun shines gently through a smartphone screen and it is safe to drink virtual water from virtual taps. A time when true love can be found by gazing into limpid eyes through a 'smart' screen.
As we have learnt in the past few months, fashion now consists of the pyjama, track top, ragged tee-shirt and the unshaven countenance. Most women open their wardrobes just to remind themselves of what they once wore. To test that the skill has not been lost, they may wrap up a sari or two, and re-iron the party-wali salwar-kameez.
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Westminster, CO Demographics
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Female 56,185Male 56,562
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- $1,001-$1,50052%
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Family 28,653Non-family 15,175
Children 13,620No Children 30,208
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"The air does not cease to have weight," writes Durkheim, "although we no longer feel that weight." 1 The point is, of course, how do we know that there is that thing called "air" out there if we do not feel its presence? What Durkheim was interested to show, indeed, was that those elements of reality that he came to call social facts 2 were out there, regardless of whether the individuals felt their presence or not. Actually, the individuals are almost never aware of the compelling presence of those social facts, which they have a tendency to take for granted. Sometimes, however, social facts appear unmistakably to the individual who is not even trained sociologically to discover that which is not so obvious. This awareness about the constrictive presence of social facts is often made possible by any kind of alteration to what we normally take for granted in the regularity of social events. Such breakdowns of normalcy may at times occur by accident -e.g., we make more eye contact than what is culturally prescribed with a stranger whom we mistakenly identify as an acquaintance. However, they invariably occur in the midst of drastic social changes, when completely new social situations put individuals together who are at a loss trying to find out what it is that is expected from them to do -e.g., a member of a traditionally superordinate group in society turns out to be subordinate to a boss who belongs to a socially inferior group.
1 Emile Durkheim, The Rules of Sociological Method; edited and with an introduction by Steven Lukes. New York:
The Free Press, 1982, p.53 2 "manners of acting, thinking and feeling external to the individual, which are invested with a coercive power by virtue of which they exercise control over him". Ibid, p. 52
If individuals learn to recognize that which is not so obvious when they face drastic
social transformations, we can assert that it is also under such conditions that sociologists further their knowledge of society and its regularities. It is thus not surprising that the scientific study of society was born in the midst of the most drastic transformations ever experienced by humankind, the 19th Century passage from a social life dictated by tradition to one in which instrumentality came to prevail. The questions then became "what is happening to the individuals?" and "how can they cope with their pain?" The palliative offered, of course, depended upon that which social thinkers identified as the source of the pain. Virtually all classical sociologists -
and a good many intellectuals who did not identify themselves, nor do we identify them today, as sociologists- have participated in this search for the causes and the cure for humankind during the 1800s and early 1900s. Thus, Karl Marx wrote about alienation, as the effect of the separation between the worker and the product of his labor under capitalist labor relations. Durkheim, in turn, was concerned with anomie,
a pathological -and, thus, temporary- characteristic of societies in which the division
of labor does not evolve naturally, but may be forced by unequal social relations among classes. In the same line, Weber was preoccupied with the fall of substantial rationality as a logical outcome of the process of rationalization in the modern world. Sigmund Freud, in turn, identified neurosis as the malady of the modern times.
If it is not surprising that the scientific study of society was born in the midst of a profound breakdown of social normalcy, it follows that virtually all classical social thinkers were able to appreciate the relevance of social change as an object of study. Indeed, the study of social change constitutes the main object in the sociological theory and inquiry of Marx, Weber, and Durkheim. For Marx, the analysis of social change is present in an evolutionary model that contends that human history has seen
a succession of modes of production -namely, tribal, ancient, feudal, and capitalist-
and that the present capitalist mode of production is bound to be superseded by the socialist mode of production.
For Durkheim, social change is represented by transformations in the social morphology -or the structure of social relations that links individuals into a coherent entity, society- and the moral structure -or the body of laws, norms, and sanctions that regulate social life. Durkheim's scheme of social change involves a contrast between a simple division of labor and a corresponding mechanic solidarity, on the one hand, and a complex division of labor accompanied now by what he called organic solidarity, on the other.
The object of Weber's study of history has been the tracing of the process of rationalization of human life. His model of social change entails a multidimensional triumph of reason, which slowly came to pervade every area of social life in the Occident and which has led to the disenchantment of the World, the fall from grace of magic, tradition, charisma, and affectivity in the legitimation of authority and wisdom.
Social change, thus, was at the core of the foundation of sociology as a discipline. The preoccupation with social change, moreover, prompted the early sociologists to conceive of developmental schemes to account for the transformation of society. We should bear in mind that the impressive advances of biology during the 19th Century, coupled with the impact of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, must have paved the way for the conception of society as an entity that goes through a succession of developmental stages.
For a while, the developmental approach to the study of social change was circumscribed to the analysis of the Western European nations in which sociology was
founded -namely, Germany, France, and England. Later on, however, development studies also came to mean the contrasting analyses of Western, modern societies and their non-Western, traditional counterpart. In the same manner that Darwin sailed off to Patagonia 3 in search for current evidences of evolution, the studies of "primitive societies" brought back by the anthropologists of the English school reinforced the developmental approach on social evolution. This approach came to view those "primitive" societies as the first links in the chain of social development and the Western, modern societies as the last, mature, and final stage. Of course, the qualifier "primitive" used for those non-Western societies announced their ethnographers' Western bias. Condescendingly, the emerging Western social science was characterizing non-Western societies as immature and as the living examples of the stages already undergone by Western societies. Western social scientists thus implied that the logical development path for the "primitive" societies meant to replicate the series of stages traversed by the supposedly more mature Western societies.
When sociology arrived in the United States, it increasingly abandoned the European concern with social change and development. The American society was indeed changing rapidly. However, the preoccupation with the ill-effects of the breakdown of the Old World normalcy found few followers on this side of the Atlantic. American social scientists, rather, optimistically considered social change as progress. Instead of conceiving of social change as posing problems of adjustment, American social scientists focused on the processes whereby innovations become adopted. Increasingly, the focus on progress as well as on the diffusion of innovations of American sociology needed to emphasize the process of human interaction. Before long, society ceased to be the main object of study of American sociology, and its
3 Patagonia is the name of the southernmost one third region of Argentina. It is identified by the territory south of the Río Negro and north of the Strait of Magellan. Tierra del Fuego, a vast island to the south of Magellan and shared by Chile and Argentina, is not considered part of Patagonia.
place was successfully claimed by community studies and analyses of small groups.
When microsociology finally dominated the scene, there was little room left for the analysis of social change -a macrosociological concern. Interestingly, the propositions formulated by American microsociology were meant to be true in any human society, regardless of the level of development. Humans being human, this microsociological perspective seemed to propose, one needs to describe human nature to be able to predict and explain the process of human interaction. To the extent that human nature was assumed to be immutable and universal, the logic went on, its study can be successfully completed within the boundaries of the well-analyzed American society. There was thus little need for cross cultural or international studies. These tendencies of the American sociology were part of the American culture's isolationist orientation that was prevalent between the 20th Century's two World Wars.
The role that the United States was to perform at the end of World War II, however, brought an end to the isolationist tendencies of the American culture. Not only did Americans have to acknowledge the existence of a World outside their borders, but their country was supposed to lead the capitalist world into the Cold War and beyond. Within sociology, this necessary acknowledgment of the international order translated into a preoccupation with macrosociology. With an emphasis on interdependence, the theory that came to dominate the sociological scene was structural-functionalism. Its leading propounder, Talcott Parsons, reintroduced the developmentalist scheme of the classical sociologists. His image of society was one of a system immersed in a constant process of increased differentiation. What he meant by differentiation was a process whereby the tasks necessary in a society to guarantee its survival are performed by an increasing number of substructures (or institutions). Rather than overlapping or duplicating their functions, new institutions take over fragments of the
activities formerly performed by a single, less differentiated (that is, specialized) institution. Such a multiplicity of tasks to be performed by an increasingly large number of institutions requires interdependence as well as coordination. The coordination is made possible by a shared system of values as well as by an increasingly differentiated subsystem of society that deals with the attainment of society's goals. The interdependence, on its turn, is facilitated by parallel differentiation processes that are taking place simultaneously in every substructure of society. Concomitantly, every newly differentiated substructure (that is, institution) of society becomes internally differentiated so as to take care of the four functional prerequisites of every social system -namely, adaptation, goal attainment, integration, and latency of tensions.
The microsociological preoccupation of American sociologists that preceded structural-functionalism was captured by a new challenge. Parsons' four functional requirements as well as his pattern variables are applicable to both the social and the personality systems. The goal turned out to find a fit between the functional requirements of the social system and the individual's orientations and personality system. Microsociological followers of Parsons thus attempted to study the process whereby innovations that are necessary for the modernization of society were adopted by individuals who still lived in "pre-modern" societies.
By the 1950s, the puzzling experience of drastic social change that had given birth to sociology almost a century earlier was all but forgotten. The notion of progress that by then dominated American sociology saw modernity as the solution to all past problems and as the promise of a perfect society. The theory of modernization took from Weber only the comforting elements of his notion of rationalization and ignored all its ill-effects. Indeed, Weber's thesis on the doom of democracy all but disappeared
from the sketchy translation of his work. 4 Modernization was conceived as the logical outcome of the inherent strength of rationality. Due to its attractive accomplishments in all spheres of social life, modernization was expected to wipe away any remnants of irrationality. Theorists of modernization predicted that superstition, magic, and traditions standing in the way of rationality and progress would gallantly yield to modern scientific and technological methods and organizations. The path of triumphant modernization would start in the pre-modern world in that area of the social system that first comes in contact with the "developed" world: trade and economic relations. The economic organization of "developed" societies would leave an imprint in the economic organization of the "underdeveloped" societies. It would call for an increasing orientation towards the supposedly rational goals of the marketplace. The rest of the path to modernity would see, one by one, every aspect of social and cultural life adjusting to the needs of the rational economic system. Social scientists adhering to the theory of modernization called such a path development. It was meant to repeat -in a rather accelerated fashion- the triumph of modernity in the West. This would happen not only because it was functionally required by the social systems of the up-to-then pre-modern societies, but also because the individuals themselves would in the end be willing to embrace development and its modern accomplishments. The strength of development would render it prestigious and people all over the world would be willing to emulate it.
"More than any other great power, the United States is in constant contact with Latin America. This contact has had its Westernizing effect. The forms of United States contact with the area have been many and varied, ranging all the way from invasion and military occupation through cultural and constitutional influences as well as financial investment, to trade and technical assistance. It is
4 Weber's Economy and Society was first published in German in 1922. The first full English translation was only published in 1968. It is based on the second German edition, published in 1956.
true of virtually every Latin American state that its major contacts outside the area are with the United States: in Mexico, the money spent by gringo tourists is the fourth largest source of national income.( )
"Economic development, a process of rapidly growing significance in the area, also has Westernizing effects. Industrialization has begun in many of the countries, and everywhere there is evidence of economic change. This process is abetted by the technical assistance programs --whether supported on a bilateral basis by the United States or multilaterally through the United Nations-- which have been operating on a large scale in Latin America since the 1940's. These programs, chiefly in agriculture, education, public administration, and industrial productivity, have elevated the standards of living in the participating countries and have imported Western technology. While the effect of the interplay between levels of economic development and political patterns is as yet unclear, it is undoubtedly true that Westernization of the economy has significant repercussions on the political scene." 5
The prestige of the sociological promise of development was instrumental in the spread of the discipline of sociology worldwide. Sociology departments and chairs surfaced in universities of the "pre-modern" world, where its members launched projects to study the local expression of development. A recurrent theme everywhere, however, was the disappointing unevenness of development. The result of this new concern was a new concept, cultural lag, that would call sociologists' attention to the fact that cultural values change at a slower pace than the rest of society. 6 Yet from the occurrence of a cultural lag did not follow that the path of development would be aborted. It would only be somewhat more complicated and -thereby- interesting to
5 George I. Blankstein, "The Politics of Latin America" in Gabriel Almond and James S. Coleman, The Politics of Developing Areas. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1960, pp.468-469. 6 Germani, Gino, Política y sociedad en una época de transición. Buenos Aires: Paidós, 1962. Eisenstadt, S. N. Modernization, Protest, and Change. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1966.
A more serious doubt concerning the infallible path to development came from the
pre-modern world. It did not originate in sociology, but it was voiced by an influential
economist. For Raúl Prebisch, an Argentinean who directed the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America in Santiago, Chile, the current international
division of labor precluded the "underdeveloped" countries from catching up with the "developed" ones. According to Prebisch, "developing" countries chiefly produce and export primary products, 7 whereas "developed" countries are the exclusive exporters
of manufactured goods. Prebisch maintained that such a division of labor between
"developing" –or periphery-and "developed" -or core- countries was far from being mutually beneficial. Rather, he claimed that primary products follow a trend of declining prices compared to the rising prices of manufactured goods. Such adeterioration of the terms of trade for primary products, according to Prebisch, would offset any increase in the "developing" countries' productivity. 8 His recipe was
to encourage the industrialization of "developing" countries. He proposed policies that
would give the local private sectors incentives to invest in the manufacturing of industrial goods rather than to import and to distribute such products locally. Chief
incentives would be protectionist measures to ban or tax very heavily imported manufactured goods. In fact, this practice of import-substitution industrialization had been taking place in the countries of the Latin American region with the most developed economic infrastructure (e.g., Argentina, Chile, Brazil, and Mexico) since the 1930s depression. In the 1940s the war economy efforts of the industrialized countries prevented the export of manufactured goods to non-industrial
7 Primary products include those which are extracted from Nature through agricultural, animal husbandry, mining, fishery, or forestry activities. 8 Raúl Prebisch, The Economic Development of Latin America and Its Principal Problems. New York: United Nations, 1950.
countries, thus furthering the chances of industrialization attempts in the region. Prebish's recommendations thus did not "cause" import substitution, but they were instrumental in justifying its protectionism from a changing world.
The promise of import substitution industrialization as a spring-board to economic development, however, was short lived. By the end of the 1950s, Latin American economists realized that the manufacturing of products for final consumption still posed the problem of trade deficits for developing societies. In fact, capital goods - such as machines, dies, tools- and highly refined materials -such as petrochemical derivatives- were not produced in developing nations at a level enough to satisfy the needs of local industry. 9 Such trade deficits seriously limited the growth capacity of an industry that was dependent on the availability of foreign exchange resources. The desarrollista (Spanish for "developmentalist") school was of the opinion that it was incumbent upon the State to invest in economic infrastructure and to firmly draw policies that would encourage private investment in capital goods production. The developmentalist school was also concerned with the growing disparities between the economically developed centers of developing nations and the backward, poor areas of those same countries. In order to lessen such disparities and to spread development throughout the developing world, developmentalists recommended that, wherever possible, state industrialization policy creates "poles of development" outside the industrial centers.
If Prebisch and the developmentalists were doubtful that the Western path to development would triumph in the developing world, they were of the opinion that development could and should happen with due state intervention. A new school of thought was emerging in the early 1960s in the developing world, however, that saw
9 Aldo Ferrer, La economía argentina. Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1963.
very little room for maneuvering left to the initiatives of the State i n developing countries. This new way of thinking the problem of development maintained that underdevelopment entails a stagnation situation that developing nations cannot overcome because they are dependent upon industrialized nations that benefit from the disparities between development and underdevelopment. The major factor preventing development, according to this dependency school 10 , is the structural phenomenon of dependence whereby "the economy of certain countries is conditioned by the development and expansion of another economy to which the former is subjected." 11
According to this school of thought, underdevelopment is not simply a stage that pre- dates development, as the evolutionist scheme of the modernization theory states. Rather, underdevelopment is the historical consequence of dependence: poor countries are "underdeveloped" because they have been colonized by countries whose development and further enrichment is based on the pilferage of the former. 12 The "classical" dependence entailed not only the extraction of mineral resources or the establishment of plantation economies that not only distort the economic and cultural lifestyles of the indigenous populations, but also the exploitation of the indigenous population's labor. In contradistinction to the increasing political an d economic participation of the working-class in the "developed" Western societies, the working poor remains excluded from an enjoyment of economic gains and political participation in the dependent societies. The increasing economic participation of the Western working-classes responded to the logic of the need of an expanding consumer market. Wage increases translated there in a growth of the demand for consumer
10 Also known by its Spanish name, dependencia.
11 Theotonio Dos Santos, "The Structure of Dependence". in American Economic Association
12 André Gunder Frank, Development and Underdevelopment in Latin America. New York: Monthly Review Press,
products. The logic of dependence, however, is outwardly oriented and precludes the expansion of the internal market. The interest of agricultural exporting businesses is to maintain the cost of production low. Because the market is outside -in the core countries- there is no point in encouraging an expansion of the domestic market in the form of higher wages. Therefore, development is impossible for a country whose economy is dependent upon the economy of a developed -or core- country. The dependency school insisted that the only way out of the periphery is by breaking away from a structure of dependence. Since the state is controlled by the upper classes in periphery societies, and since those classes benefit with the maintenance of the structure of dependence, the reforms Prebisch and the developmentalists recommended in the form of state intervention would do little to foster development. The only way out of this structural stagnation that limits economic growth and socio- economic development is, for the dependency school, a revolution that would bring an end to private ownership of capital, and which would foster central planning of the economy: a socialist revolution.
Industrialization, economic growth, and capital accumulation in the periphery were thus ruled out by the early propounders of the dependency school on the grounds that dependence leads to an irreversible economic stagnation. The rapid process of industrialization in some of the nations of the "dependent periphery", however, called the attention of some of the scholars associated with the dependency school. The 1970s saw an interesting revision of the notion of dependence from within the dependency school. "Capital accumulation took place in the periphery even under conditions of 'classic dependence,' that is, the export of primary products in exchange for manufactured goods. The process of accumulation as it is currently occurring in countries such as Brazil is, however, of a different order. It is different because it includes a substantial degree of industrialization, and also the more complex internal
division of labor and increased productivity that this implies." 13 Peter Evans has labeled this type of economic growth "dependent development" because he did not consider that the kind of accumulation he analyzed in Brazil has eliminated dependence. Even with industrialization, this new generation of dependence analyses suggests, foreign capital plays an increasingly thorough penetration. 14 The dependent character of development stems from the fact that the most fundamental decisions as to where -and in what- to invest are still made in the core countries, at the headquarters of transnational corporations. Therefore, if the rising price of labor in the core countries justifies the export of industrial capital to the periphery in order to take advantage of the cheaper periphery labor, dependency is still in place regardless of whether the products that labor produces are agricultural or industrial ones.
The focus of the dependency school is on the structure of dependence as experienced by dependent societies. The unit of analysis in the studies undertaken by dependency theorists are the dependent societies of the periphery. That the dependency theory takes the perspective of dependent societies is no doubt related to the historical circumstance that this theory was born, in the periphery, of periphery social thinkers. Another theoretical framework that shares many of the concerns of the dependency school, and which also analyzes the process whereby the core countries short-change the countries of the periphery, is the world systems theory. The world systems theory was inspired by the work of dependency theorists, but it was entirely conceived in core countries. Rather than taking the perspective of the dependent, periphery societies, the world systems theory focuses on the system of world relations as its object of study.
13 Peter Evans, Dependent Development; The Alliance of Multinational, State, and Local Capital in Brazil. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1979; p. 10.
14 "International capital is an integral part of the domestic Brazilian economy, and the representatives of international capital are an integral part of the Brazilian political and social order." Peter Evans, op.cit., p.9.
The world systems theory considers the modern capitalist world system as the -so far- last in a series of world systems. Immanuel Wallerstein, a leading propounder of this theoretical perspective, characterizes the modern capitalist world system as one where the prevailing system's drive is the accumulation of wealth insofar as it can be used to accumulate more wealth. Such accumulation of capital thus becomes the preeminent objective of the modern capitalist world system. A continuous process of capital accumulation requires the conversion of wealth into capital. Such conversion, in its turn, requires the development of an ever expanding market where everything becomes a commodity. Without the commodification of everything, the process of capital accumulation was never completed before the modern capitalist times. The modern world system involves an international division of labor in the form of a commodity chain whereby items necessary to produce other products are sold and bought as commodities. 15 The latter products also go in the production of further products, and for that purpose they are sold and bought as commodities. The logic of capital accumulation, however, requires that the process of commodification is not complete. The process of capital accumulation is enhanced by the persistence of non- wage (i.e., non-commodified) labor in the periphery, which is also where the more labor-intensive links of the commodity chain prevail. Non-wage labor includes the household production for self-consumption or sale in a local market. Such non-wage labor, if part of a semi-proletarian household, elicits a lesser need for cash both because the procurement of certain goods and services is satisfied inside the household rather than in the marketplace, and because the extra income generated by the sale in the local market of household-produced items brings additional cash. That additional cash will be used to cover the cost of survival of all the members of the household -including the ones who receive wages in the labor market. This means that the recipients of wages in a semi-proletarian household can afford to hire their labor out for far lower wages than those received by workers whose households
15 Immanuel Wallerstein, Historical Capitalism. London: Verso, 1983.
are proletarian 16 rather than semi-proletarian. In consequence, the cost of production, survival, and reproduction of wage-labor is borne in good part by non- wage labor. Insofar as most non-wage labor is located in the periphery, the international division of labor in the form of a commodity chain implies that vast resources and wealth which is generated in the periphery is centripetally sucked by the core.
The world systems theory sees the world as an international stratified system with core (rich) countries, periphery (poor) countries, and the countries of the "semi- periphery" (middle-class). The relative position of each country in such an international system of stratification may vary over time. Countries that were part of the semi-periphery at the turn of the Century -like Germany, Canada, or Japan- are now well established among the core countries. Countries that today are part of the semi-periphery -such as the "newly industrializing countries" (NICs): South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico- may ascend to the core, remain in the semi-periphery, or descend to the periphery. The performance of each individual country does not alter the fact that there is a system of international inequality whereby the growth of the core countries is supported by a centripetal transfer of surplus (i.e., resources and wealth) from the periphery to the core. In the words of Bornschier and Chase-Dunn, "expansion and underdevelopment take place simultaneously", adding that in the sixteenth century "core capitalism emerged from the crisis of feudalism in northwestern Europe in conjunction with peripheral capitalism in eastern Europe and Spanish America. Since that time the capitalist world-economy has expanded to include the whole population of the globe. The
16 Strictly or purely proletarian households are rare, even in the core, highly capital-intensive economies. For example, the household chores and childcare provided by housewives in core societies also helps to maintain the price of wage-labor low in those countries. It is conceivable, however, to classify households in terms of the degree of expenditure income derived from the labor market. In this sense, periphery countries should present a much higher proportion of households whose expenditure income is minimally derived from the labor market.
process of uneven development has caused upward and downward mobility within the system at the same time as the overall core/periphery hierarchy has been reproduced." 17
For dependency theory, as already discussed above, the deterministic external character of dependence is such that, despite of variations in the internal conditions from country to country, there is no real escape from the externally imposed underdevelopment. By focusing on the world system as a whole as the unit of analysis, rather than on individual dependent societies -as the dependency school does- the world systems theory overcomes some important shortcomings of the dependency school. Most notably, the world system perspective theorizes that the stratification between core and periphery is maintained (i.e., reproduced) even if individual countries move up or down the hierarchy.
Some of the critiques against the dependency school, however, have also been pointed out as weaknesses of the world systems perspective. One important theoretical flaw attributed to both dependency and world systems positions is their characterization of the periphery (and even the sixteenth century Western European societies) as capitalist rather than pre-capitalist. 18 This is seen by Chinchilla and Dietz as doing "violence to much observable reality". 19 Whether the periphery is characterized as capitalist or precapitalist is theoretically linked to how capitalism is defined. Although deriving many of their concepts and theoretical propositions from Marxism (and Lenin's theory of imperialism), both dependency and world systems perspectives
17 Volker Bornschier and Christopher Chase-Dunn, Transnational Corporation and Underdevelopment. New York:
Praeger, 1985; p. 2.
18 Ernesto Laclau, Politics and Ideology in Marxist Theory. London: Verso, 1979.
19 Norma S. Chinchilla and James L. Dietz, "Toward a New Understanding of Development and Underdevelopment", in Ronald H. Chilcote (ed.), Dependency and Marxism; Toward a Resolution of the Debate. Boulder: Westview Press, 1982.
focus on the unevenness of the distribution of wealth between core and periphery. 20 Marx, however, pointed out that what characterizes each mode of production are their corresponding relations of production (rather than relations of exchange and distribution that take place in the marketplace). For Marx, the relations of production refer to the organization of the productive activities in society, with special reference to the class divisions that determine asymmetric relations in the workplace. From a Marxist viewpoint, the problem with the relations of exchange and distribution in the marketplace is that they depict the relations between capital and labor as contingent upon the laws of supply and demand that impersonally regulate the price of labor. This way, the intrinsically exploitative relationship between the class of the capitalists and the class of the proletarians becomes obscured by the appearances of the marketplace. In order to overcome such appearances, thereby, it becomes necessary for Marxists to emphasize the political conflict of classes -in the class terms of control of the division of labor, work environment, and the appropriation of the product of labor.
According to modern Marxist critics, both the dependency and world systems perspectives emphasize the relations of exchange and distribution in the process of capital accumulation. This emphasis views the process of accumulation of capital as a consequence of a (monopolistic) control over the marketplace: those who are able to control the marketplace are able to short-change all other economic agents. The main thrust of both theories focuses on the inequality resulting from the exchanges between core and periphery. This marketplace approach stresses the core/periphery conflict of interests as more relevant than the (Marxist) emphasis on class conflict. The ensuing Marxist criticism is that such a stress on the core/periphery (or geographical) conflict prevents the analysis of class conflicts. Such a stress, they claim, leads to depict the
20 Robert Brenner, "The Origins of Capitalist Development: A critique of Neo-Smithian Marxism", in New Left Review, 104 (July-August 1977), 25-92.
national bourgeoisie (i.e., the local owners of capital) as hurt in their attempts at accumulating capital. This would make the national capitalists natural allies of their nations' working class in the interest of overcoming their dependence on the core. This type of criticism, therefore, dwells on which is the main contradiction: class or geographical region? Dependency as well as world system theorists emphasize the contradictions between the geographical regions of core and periphery -also emphasized by Prebisch. Marxists, on the other hand, emphasize class contradictions in the analysis of social change.
The early 1980s saw the advent of two new Marxist directions in the analysis of development. One direction tries to overcome both the tendency to label the entire world capitalist, and the modern/traditional dualism espoused by the modernization theory. The articulation of modes of production analysis conceives of the possible coexistence of (and mutual interconnections among) more than one mode of production in a single society (or social formation). Usually one mode of production (and its corresponding ruling class) becomes the dominant one. The character of the interconnection (or articulation: interaction, linking, relationship) among the modes of production within the social formation depends upon which mode of production becomes dominant. This modes of production approach does not propose general laws that enable to predict the course of social change in the different "social formations". Rather, its propounders suggest a strategy for the analysis of development and underdevelopment. 21
The other Marxist direction concentrates on the class aspects of the relations of production. The class analysis approach proposes to study social change in terms of
21 Norma S. Chinchilla and James L. Dietz, "Toward a New Understanding of Development and Underdevelopment", in Ronald H. Chilcote (ed.), Dependency and Marxism. Toward a Resolution of the Debate. Boulder: Westview Press, 1982; pp. 138-147
the relations of production. The strategy it pursues is to concentrate on the processes that lead to the formation of classes as well as to focus on the alliances and conflicts between classes on the national and international level. 22 Some authors within this direction emphasize the process of internationalization of capital accumulation as the approach to understand international relations. Since the capitalist exploitation of the working class results in the process of accumulation of capital, they reason, modern international economic relations should be analyzed in terms of the logic of capital accumulation in the advanced stages of capitalism. In the words of one of the proponents of this approach, "increasingly the dynamics of the world capitalist economy cannot be understood with reference to a single nation or group of nations. Productive decisions are now made on a global scale." 23 For this approach, thus, it is not the asymmetrical relations between "core" and "periphery" what matters, but the exploitative relations that enable international capital to continue accumulating.
22 James Petras, "Dependency and World System Theory: A Critique and New Directions", in Ronald H. Chilcote
, 23 David Barkin, "Internationalization of Capital: An Alternative Approach", in Ronald H. Chilcote (ed.), Dependency and Marxism, pp. 156-161.
(ed.), Dependency and Marxism
pp. 148-155.


text:
'Housing is more than just bricks and mortar'
March 16, 2017
Late last year, the Carnegie UK Trust ran an open survey, asking for evidence from around the globe on using wellbeing in policy and practice.
We are pleased to announce that the Housing Association Charitable Trust (HACT) has been selected as the survey winner. As the UK housing sector's ideas and innovation agency, HACT have developed a wellbeing valuation tool, and are working with housing associations (and others) to help them to better understand their social impact.
HACT view housing through a wellbeing lens, with a 'belief that the provision of housing is more than just bricks and mortar – that housing providers are at their most successful when they focus on the social value they create, engage with and invest in their communities and actively seek to identify and meet the needs of those who live in them.'
When the survey closed in December 2016, we were impressed with the breadth and calibre of survey responses we received. Responses came in from voluntary organisations, businesses, academics, and governments at all levels, from across the UK and Ireland, and further afield. We received submissions from Denmark, France, the US and Zambia, and one cross-jurisdictional organisation operating in Turkey, Indonesia, China, Ukraine, Lebanon and Croatia.
The responses also demonstrated a real commitment to improving people's wellbeing. One of the reasons we ran the survey was to uncover evidence of wellbeing in policy and practice that is largely hidden to the international wellbeing community. We wanted to look past statisticians, academics and experts, and find people using wellbeing concepts to affect change. It was heartening to read about all the many programmes that contribute in some way – large or small – to improving wellbeing for individuals and communities, both in the UK and across the globe.
You can read more about our winner HACT on their website. Also keep an eye out on our website and Twitter account for a blog from David King, Social Impact Adviser at HACT.


text:
Published in January of this year, The salt of the earth, original title American Dirt (American dirt), has achieved rapid notoriety, perhaps mainly because of the crawl space of protests that has sparked. Written by the American Jeanine Cummins, tells of a Mexican bookstore and her eight-year-old son, who flee a fierce cartel of drug traffickers after their family has been exterminated. In this escape they become migrantes. That is, they join that vast group of men and women who from various countries of South America try to reach the United States. A trip made largely on the roofs of running trains, where it is easy to get sucked in by the speed and remain amputated. A journey in which everyone suffers violence and you can die at any moment.
Jeanine Cummins she lives in New York and before becoming a full-time writer she worked in publishing for many years. His book was at the center of a fierce controversy. She has been accused by a group of Mexican authors and critics, not so much of having appropriated a culture that does not belong to her, as of not knowing it, of not knowing things that every Mexican knows.
The history of literature provides us with many excellent examples of the fact that a writer can write about a culture that is not his own. The problem, according to Mexican authors, is that Cummins does not know this culture enough and the novel contains inaccuracies and stereotypes.
These cultural distortions are known to greatly affect susceptibility.
Let's take an example. To Rome with Love is a 2012 Woody Allen film – perhaps the ugliest – in which you see old women dressed in black, in mourning, walking through the streets of Trastevere, while at home you warm up the water to wash on the stove and then it is poured with jugs in a tub. This Rome, which did not exist even a century ago, lives only in the head of the American director and it is a very annoying stereotype for an Italian who watches the film.
Mutatis mutandis, Cummins is accused of writing a melodramatic story, thinking of American tastes, starting with the protagonist and her son who look like two Americans.
The presenter Oprah Winfrey, after declaring that she appreciated the novel very much because it revealed the terrible reality of the migrantes to her, she later organized an episode of her famous Book Club, inviting Cummins together with some Mexican writers for a comparison.
Not having the tools to take a position, I will limit myself to talking about the novel regardless of the problem, however not indifferent, of cultural coherence. However, I would like to specify that I read the criticisms of the novel only after I finished it, so as not to be influenced by it.
"There are sixteen corpses in the courtyard, almost all the people Lydia loved the world most."
Among them is her husband, her mother, her beloved granddaughter, basically the whole family. We quickly discover that the rate of unsolved crimes in Mexico exceeds 90 percent. In practice there is a kind of total impunity. Powerful cartels of drug traffickers act unchallenged, leaving severed heads in the middle of the road. They have affiliates everywhere, many in the police too.
So if we think that Acapulco is a holiday resort for rich people, between the sea and skyscrapers, it is an idea definitely worth reviewing because "the signs painted it red".
The city has the highest murder rate in all of Mexico and one of the highest on the planet.
"Whole neighborhoods had emptied, people abandoned the ruins of their lives and headed north. For those who left, the north was the only destination. If a tourism Mecca like Acapulco could fall, then there was not a single safe place in Mexico. "
Among these fierce signs, those who seek Lydia and her son Luca are the Jardineros. They are called "gardeners" because they only use firearms to kill if they are in a hurry, otherwise they prefer to use more land-based tools such as spades, scythes, axes, machetes and hoes.
© Alejandro Prieto, Mexico. Roadrunner Approaching the Border Wall. A road runner (a bird species) approaches the Arizona border wall. The wall along the border with Mexico, wanted by Donald Trump, will cross the richest and most diverse area of North America, interfering with the movements, habitat and access to water and food for animals. The barricades for now occupy one thousand of the more than 3 thousand kilometers of the border and Trump's will is to build another 800 kilometers by 2021. The photo is currently at the Palazzo delle Esposizioni, among the winners of the World Press Photo 2020.
Thus began the escape of mother and son, initially by bus because it is too dangerous for a woman to go alone in the car. Especially since on the streets of the country there are checkpoints manned by drug traffickers, or by policemen who are sometimes drug traffickers, or by militias formed by inhabitants to defend themselves from drug traffickers.
Theirs is a path full of obstacles and every action, even the most ordinary like moving or withdrawing money from an account, becomes very risky. Mother and son are in shock and move like hunted animals without even time to mourn their endless family. Above all, what moves them is fear.
It would seem that the only solution for them is the north, the north. But they are warned by a priest they meet at the Casa del Migrante:
"This path is only for those of you who have no choice or other possibilities but only violence and misery behind them. … Some of you will fall off the trains. Many will be mutilated or injured. Many will die. Many of you will be kidnapped, tortured, sold, kidnapped. Some will be lucky enough to survive all of this and will come to the border of the Estados Unidos, only to have the privilege of dying alone in the desert. "
"Only one in three will arrive at their destination alive."
Yes, because not only does anyone worry about punishing these murders, but the migrants who disappear are not even counted.
"The Beast": this is what migrants call freight trains that take them to the north, towards the border with the United States
A gender problem …
Will the two protagonists make it to reach the United States and get to safety? Or will they be joined by the terrible sign of the "gardeners" who wants to kill them?
The salt of the earth it's a novel built like a thriller. It is the story of a chase. It has a fast pace that takes you from the first moment, but it is not enough for a novel to be a novel page turner for being a good novel. For this type of plot-based book the question inevitably arises: beyond the enthralling curiosity, in the end what remains?
I don't go into detail in order not to spoil the pleasure of reading, but the final solution has not convinced me. I wondered why and what was wrong. I also thought about how I would end it. Until I understood: what's wrong is that it's a romance thriller.
The character that doesn't work is Javier, the drug lord in charge of the cartel, the one who leaves heads cut off. Yes, because we only see him reciting poems. He is presented to us as a cultured, refined man who makes the best readings, with a sweet and mild character.
Without denying that a drug trafficker can also be a cultured and refined person, let's say that he will also have other aspects of the personality that are not included in the picture that is given.
The problem is the triangle with the "narco-dandy in love", rather than the background of the author. Beyond cultural coherence, there is a problem of narrative genre and I think it is this current romance that undermines the credibility of the novel, because Javier is not a credible criminal. Hence the difficulty of finding a satisfactory end.
The salt of the earth is published by Feltrinelli and I wonder why the publishing house chose the same title as the beautiful film by Wenders on Salgado, generating not a little confusion.
I think it is still a novel to read because it runs as fast as a train, puts the spotlight on what happens to reach that coveted frontier, revealing the terrible reality of migrants who are willing to lose their lives in order to reach it. It is certainly not the new Furore, as they wrote on the band on the American cover.
It tells of desperate people who move knowing what they are facing, which means that they leave even more desperate situations, just like migrants trying to get to our shores.
In the past there has always been an elsewhere to go and for centuries America has represented the land in which to start a new life. The United States is made up of emigrants from all over the world, especially Europeans. But now we are at a saturation point. The countries close their doors and there is no longer somewhere else to go and look for luck.
In this regard, I was very impressed by a character who arrives among the migrantes towards the end of the novel. She is a Mexican lady who has lived in the United States for many years. She and her husband moved regularly to California because he – an engineer – had found work there. They lived in San Diego with their daughters. Then the husband died and the woman's visa expired. However, she went to the immigration office every year for routine checks, until they suddenly expelled her. A middle-class woman, with perfect English, owner of an apartment, a job in the health sector, who arrived legally, with two underage daughters waiting for her at home.
The impression is that the United States of America has lost a few trains.
The article American dirt "Salt of the earth" by Jeanine Cummins comes from Literary Chronicles.
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Recommended by 99% of couples
Abigail Richman · Married on 06/20/2020
We had a wonderful experience at The Wilmington Inn thanks to Megan and Charlie!
We originally planned a large wedding in Vermont, however, when the pandemic hit it was clear that this was not going to be an option if we still wanted to be married this year. I reached out to Megan (who we had been working with to have guests stay at the Inn in our pre-covid plan) to see if they could/would host a very very small event for us this summer. Within a very short period of time, we were able to organize an amazing, intimate wedding ceremony and celebration. It really was perfect. M+C were so helpful and we could not have done it without them!!! Not to mention the Inn has an amazing layout for an event like we had. I could not recommend The Wilmington Inn more highly!Sent on 07/22/2020
Alicia · Married on 03/24/2018
My family and I had my sister's baby shower here this past spring and it was a wonderful experience. Megan was able to accommodate all our requests. She was very responsive via email & phone. The event went seamlessly and all our guests had a wonderful time. Great spot for events and gatherings.Sent on 07/11/2018
Naomi · Married on 03/17/2018
The Wilmington Inn was a fantastic venue for a party-I highly recommend and would book another party there for sure. Megan is professional, helpful, organized and does everything to ensure the event goes off with no issues. I have NO COMPLAINTS about the party we had at the Wilmington Inn. It is a beautiful property with great service and staff.Sent on 06/28/2018
selma · Married on 04/07/2018
altho i did not have a wedding at the Inn, it was a luncheon celebrating a Bat Mitzvah -it was perfect in every way - the service, the care, the professionalism and flexibility of the party planner all made for an event that was charming-because of the Inn's ambience, with great food and excellent service. No stress!Sent on 06/27/2018
· Married on
Committee chair
It is a pleasure to work Megan. She is very capable and serves delicious food.Sent on 10/27/2019


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In this tutorial, we learn how to set up costs in MS Project 2007. First, go to your resource sheet and enter in the cost option in the type column. Write in how much you paid for this, because it's not a regular cost. Assign this cost to a task to specify the cost per task. At the end of the project, you will be able to see how much you spent on airfare. Enter in all the different costs you paid and then the amount for each one. When you are finished, you will be able to see how much you spend and where you spend it out in front of you.
Set up costs in MS Project 2007
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Reviews on Pub food in La Mirada, California, United States. La Mirada is a city in southeast Los Angeles County, California, United States, and is one of the Gateway Cities. The population was 48,527 at the 2010 census, up from 46,783 at the 2000 census. The city of La Mirada was listed on CNN Money Magazine's "Best Place to Live" list. La Mirada placed 34th on the list, with the La Mirada Theatre for the Performing Arts and the Splash! La Mirada Regional Aquatics Center as two of its main attributes. It is also the home of Biola University, an evangelical Christian institution of higher education.
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4 based on 28 reviews
While staying at the Holiday Inn in La Mirada we had an occasion for the five of us to have dinner at the hotel out of necessity. What a pleasant surprise!! Holiday Inn's are not necessarily known for their fine cuisine, but this one gets high marks. The Gorganzola salad was one of the best I've ever had. And the Salmon dish met with high marks as well.The server and the service was great. She even turned down the loud bar music at our request so we could converse over dinner without screaming at each other.If you are hungry while in La Mirada, give this place a try.
4 based on 43 reviews
Original Roadhouse Grill features an authentic roadhouse menu and a down-home, fun lovin' atmosphere. You'll find peanuts served in buckets and peanut shells on the floor. Country music, classic rock and blues can be heard coming out of our jukebox. Bring
I go to the restaurant in Corona. I love the peanuts you throw shells on the floor. Great family place. I tried buffalo rib and their large sweet potato and veggie choice . My family ordered veggie burger and others ordered various steak choices. All were great and no complaints. To full to try dessert. I don't know the prices as my father in law paid the bill for 7 of us. Atmosphere very nice but busy had to wait for a table to open up. Otherwise nice place to eat.
Most Popular Pizza food in La Mirada, California, United States
4 based on 35 reviews
Made reservations for 5 on Fathers day. They sat us in a tiny booth in which only 4 of us fit. It was a busy area and they brought a chair for our fifth person to sit in this high traffic area. We kindly asked to be seated elsewhere due to it being cramped. This is when the waitress rolled her eyes and said we will need to wait another 45 minutes for a table. I kindly asked why she was so upset and we also had a reservation. Why would we need to wait when there were clearly open tables? She then got very angry and sent us to the front to speak to the hostess. Long story short we finally got a table and the service was terrible. Food under cooked and lack of good service. We will never return to this place ever. Do yourself a favor and pick a different place to eat.Hello and thanks so much for contacting Black Angus. So that we can address your concerns, can you please contact me at [email protected] and include a copy of your comment, the date/time/location you visited and a phone number where I can reach you. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Jacquie W, Guest Relations Manager
Most Popular Asian food in La Mirada, California, United States
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Catch World Television Premiere of 'Tanhaji: The Unsung Warrior' on Star Plus today
The film featuring Ajay Devgn, Saif Ali Khan and Kajol will be telecast at 8pm
Haven't planned your weekend yet? Get ready to witness an epic adventure filled with edge-of-the-seat thrills as Tanhaji: The Unsung Warrior is all set for a World Television Premiere on Star Plus on Sunday, 26th July, 2020 at 8pm.
The film features Ajay Devgn, Saif Ali Khan and Kajol.
Based on the biography of Subedar Tanhaji Malusare, the film brings to light how Chhatrapati Shivaji's right-hand man pits his sharp acumen against the brawn of ruthless Mughal chieftain Udaybhan Singh Rathore to recapture Kondhana for the Maratha Empire.
Commenting on the same a Star Plus Channel Spokesperson said, "Tanhaji: The Unsung Warrior is one of the highest-grossing films of 2020. We are excited about its World Television Premiere on Star Plus. Going forward, we will host movie premieres for wholesome family entertainment on Sundays and this thread starts with Tanhaji. Viewers will witness Big Blockbusters on Sundays in the coming days."For more updates, be socially connected with us on
WhatsApp, Instagram, LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook & Youtube


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In other words, a stepfather living with a marriage? The greatest gift a stepmom when the loneliness and frustration. For Father's Day, TODAY asked stepdads what they've learned. My husband is thankful for this man, as he sees how happy his son is, and well taken care of. You and mom both were always in the household seems to care for Harry at home.
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StepSon pulverizes mommy nicer Then father For Valentines S7:E7
Stepson Having An Affair With His sandy-haired Stepmom
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Pakistan, UAE to address jobless expats' issues in wake of COVID-19
ISLAMABAD - Pakistan and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have resolved to address the issue of Pakistani expatriates, who have lost their jobs in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic.
The modalities to this effect were worked out during a meeting between Special Assistant to the Prime Minister on Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development Sayed Zulfikar Abbas Bukhari and UAE Minister for Human Resources Naseer Bin Thani Juma Al Hamli.
Naseer Bin Thani assured the Special Assistant that the UAE government will ensure job creation for Pakistani workers and protect their rights.
The two sides discussed various possibilities for restoration of the jobs of laid-off Pakistani workers in the emirates.
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