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What's your name and role in the band?
My name is Alex, Alexander, Alexander Michael DeLeon, or Singer and I sing.
Does it ever get confusing having three Alex's in the band?
Haha It's insane. It's not too bad though. Having three Alex's in the band definitely did take some getting used to, but it's pretty fun and makes for a good laugh. When we first started people would say "Alex" and we'd all look and say "what?" simultaneously. It was ridiculous to watch. We'd all look over at the same time and people always made fun of us and said it looked like a dance routine or like synchronized swimming without the water. After awhile we changed it up, so now everyone calls me Singer, Alex Marshall is just Marshall, and Alex Johnson is Drummer. It's cool for people outside of the band though, because if they forget our names, they can just say or guess "Alex" and the odds and numbers are totally in their favor. Maybe it's a blessing. If we ever all work at a Wal-Mart together and one of us loses our nametag we can just borrow one from another Alex.
You guys just finished high school right? How old are all of you?
Yeah we finished high school a few weeks ago! Thank god. It was insane trying to juggle being in a signed band and studying for finals at the same time. Everyone in the band is currently 18. Marshall just turned 18 last week and he is the youngest.
A lot of your attention that your band is getting has to do a lot with your relationship to your label mates Panic! at the Disco. The Decaydance family has achieved a lot of success recently, but also taken a lot of criticism. Is there anything you want to do differently from the bands you are being associated with? Anything current Decaydance bands are you doing you plan to avoid?
Decaydance is amazing. I don't agree with the criticisms. The bands on the label and everyone that works at the label are all amazing, hard working people and deserve every ounce of success that they have achieved. All of the bands on the label have their unique personality and sound, but still remain one big family. I think we are going to fit in great. Every band on the label has their own way of showcasing their music to the world, and I am in no place to tell any of them what they are doing is wrong. We are just going to do our own thing and hopefully people enjoy it and can relate to it. That's why we're here in the first place, to bring our style and perspective to the world of music.
Though we haven't seen your debut yet, there are already critics (many of them quite vocal on AP.net) who are ready to accuse you of sounding just like other bands and question your originality. What's your response to this? How do you plan to distinguish yourself from other bands with a similar sound? What is unique to The Cab's sound that you hope to bring across in your debut?
I understand that not only new bands but all bands will always have critics. There isn't one band in the world that EVERY single person in the world absolutely loves. That's the way the scene and the world works. It wouldn't be any fun if everyone liked the same band or the same kind of music. Tha would take away character and personality from the music and its listeners. Not to mention, AP.net wouldn't be half as fun without the drama and difference in opinion! With us, we have been thrown under the label of an "over poppy band trying to do r and b." This is all pretty funny to me because it seems like if a singer does a few r and b vocal influctions or sings with a little soul they are automatically trying to be another rip off. Singing with soul is a way of singing that will always be around. I sing soulfully because that's what I love and that's what comes out. If that is the reason we are getting compared to other bands, then so be it. That part of our music is never leaving. There have been hundreds of thousands of artists throughout history who write songs and play music. It is impossible to be 100% original because everyone is influenced by someone. For our genre, I do believe we are doing something new and refreshing, and if others disagree, that's okay with me. We aren't here to please the people that don't like us or our sound. I think a lot of people are going to understand it and feel it, and those will be our fans; the people that matter the most. I am just writing, singing, and playing the music that I love. I know it's hard to base a band from only one or two songs. Our sound will for sure have pop, rock, soul, and funk, and I believe once our album comes out the people will understand that we really aren't doing the same thing as other bands in the scene.
Was there anytime before/during/after the signing to Decaydance that you felt like you weren't going to be able to handle the pressure of the "fame" after seeing the success of bands like Gym Class Heroes and Panic! at the Disco?
The "pressure of fame" is honestly the least of my worries. I worry about EVERYTHING. I am always worried about songs and making sure that they are the best that they can possibly be. I am always freaking out about my voice and keeping it in shape and taking care of it. I am worried about what my mom's cooking for dinner and what I am doing afterwards with my friends. I worry about the little things and I am, without a doubt my biggest critic. If we get massive and go platinum, awesome! However, if we sell 20,000 records, but we are putting out music that we love, that we are proud of, and that represents us as a band and as people, then I will be fully happy and content with my career as an artist and songwriter.
How do you plan to time your big "coming out" with label backing? You have the money and influence of Decaydance behind you now, are you going to run with that, or take it slow? What's your forecast for the pace of the next year or so?
Having a label doesn't and shouldn't change the music too much. Having a good label really only means that you are going to be marketed and promoted more and your CD is going to reach places it couldn't have without label backing. We don't want to speed and rush into things too fast, but at the same time we do want to get a head start and kind of get into things. I am so damn excited about our recording, releasing, our CD and touring! No one has any idea how excited I am to get this ball rolling. We are just going to ride the wave and see where it takes us. We plan to tour our asses off and get to every place in the country that we possibly can so our music gets to as many ears as possible. Besides that, we are just going to drive and see where the road takes us. We are going to be really busy making and promoting our CD though for sure. If there is one thing I can promise, it's that we are going to be a hard working band.
There's a video on your myspace with Brendon Urie performing with you. Will he be doing guest vocals on your upcoming record?
Brendon and the other guys in Panic are our friends and are great artists and people. Those dudes are seriously some of the most fun, talented, and crazy guys we've ever met. We would be honored and flattered if Brendon sang on our album. We have nothing but the utmost respect and love for the guys in Panic and the music they put out. It would be amazing if he ended up contributing vocals to "I'll Run" or any song for that matter. Hell, maybe we'll cover "Oops I Did It Again" with him and throw it on as a hidden track. (Haha I guarantee there is at least one person who took that last line seriously, and who thinks we are actually going to do that.)
When can we expect the new CD to be out?
Hmmm… I believe our album should be coming out in February or March on Decaydance records and it is going to be produced by the one and only Matt Squire. I actually had dinner with Squire last night. He is the man. Not only is he a great producer, but he's a cool and genuine guy. Seriously…we are so ready to get to work and bro down in the studio. Even talking about it right now is getting me pumped!
Is your new song "I'll Run" nothing but a demo, or is it going to be a good representation of what's to come with your full length?
"I'll Run" is a really good representation of us as a band and of our songs, but our CD is going to be so different and diverse that I can't say that it fully represents the album. Every song on the album is going to be different from the next. They will all tie in together, but each song will have its own style and feel to separate itself from the rest of the songs on the CD. I'll Run is one of the first songs we wrote with the new lineup and the newer songs are going to be more of who we are as a band, now that we have had time to write and play together for a longer period of time.
Do you think your writing style or influences changed from when you were recording the Glitz and Glamour CD to now?
When we wrote the Glitz and Glamour CD I had only been singing for a few weeks. I was just the guitar player before and had never sung in my life and Cash, our bassist, told me to sing because he liked my voice. At the time I was embarrassed and thought he as crazy, but it seemed to have turned out pretty well. The songs on the Glitz EP are so old and even though they hold a special place in our hearts because those were some of the first songs we wrote, we have definitely grown from them and our music now is much different. Since then, us and our old guitarist have also gone our separate ways. We are now more soulful and poppy, I think I have finally found my niche and groove in this band and with the songs. Although, the new stuff is way different from our older material, I think that our old fans will still dig it. Like I said before, we just play the music we love and feel and hopefully people like it half as much as we do. I have been listening to a lot of Brian McKnight, Maroon 5, Joss Stone, Justin Timberlake, Stevie Wonder, and Robin Thicke lately, so that will probably come across on the album.
There was an article out recently that mentioned how Pete Wentz was producing a reality show with you guys. Can you give us any more information on that?
It would be my honor to tell ap.net and its readers about this reality show. I have read the replies and people have been saying that this show is another gimmick and we are selling out before we even have an album out. But here's the thing; this show was made to tear down all of the gimmicks and fake stuff airing on TV. Reality TV, besides what people think, IS NOT reality most of the time. This show that we are doing is to finally bring fresh air to television and to show kids REAL reality TV. Pete Wentz is a smart and great guy who knows what he is doing and I can guarantee you he is making this show for all the right reasons. Though some shows are fun and amusing to watch, we aren't eating cockroaches for 50,000 dollars or being sent to a tropical island for 30 days. We aren't getting plastic surgery to look like famous people or living in a castle attempting to pick a "soulmate" from 50 women. (Although that might be fun) We are just 18 year old kids in a band trying to make it. Being in a band is fun, but it's hard too, despite what past reality shows have shown. The making of a band does not consist of throwing strangers in a room together and telling them to sing certain songs. Being in a band is about making music with a group of your closest friends and working your ass off. On reality shows with bands you never see bands touring and playing shows in front of 50 kids, or promoting on Myspace for hours a day. You never see the little stuff bands do in between shows to prepare for the next or the sweat, blood, and tears that the members go through. You have to tour hard in a van, promote, write songs, and go through each and every step before you get to the top. Making it is not easy. The real making of a band takes time, heart and energy. This show isn't just another cheesy gimmick aimed and marketed for our CD sales. This is to open everyone's eyes to what the making of a band really is. That's why when we read posts about the show being a gimmick we kind of scratch our heads, because in reality, this show is meant to save everyone from that b.s. We are just regular kids making music, touring, and doing what we love, and that is exactly what we're hoping this show captures.
You're going out on tour with The White Tie Affair soon and I think it's your first time you've played numerous shows outside your hometown since you've been signed so now that there will be a lot more new fans and people who may only have the impression of you guys from what they've heard on various message boards or their opinions made on the one song on your Myspace, what do you want to achieve on that tour? How do you want people to think of your band after they see you live?
As a band, we want to tour to reach out to as many people as possible. We want to be super solid live and put on the best show possible. There will be people watching us that have never seen us and probably haven't heard of us or our songs before and we definitely want to try to gain them as fans. I am super excited to tour and see parts of the country I have never seen before, and to do all of this while playing music and being with my best friends is a dream come true. After seeing us live I just want people to remember us as a band who has fun playing and who has a lot of energy and style in their music. We do all of this for the people who enjoy our music, so as long as they're having fun, so are we. At all of our stops we are also going to try to be extra personal to our fans. We want to get to know them and know that they mean as much to us as we do to them.
Your Myspace url is /thecabrock though when people check you out, their first instinct is to just type /thecab. According to a user, myspace.com/thecab is actually some kid named Chonor. His profile says he's only 19, and he's English, so he probably wouldn't be much of a fighter. Any plans to take him down and get the more convenient website name?
Haha! Hopefully one of these days we can get the url myspace.com/thecab. Maybe the guy will be cool and give it to us. If not I guess we are going to have to hire a hacker to steal the url or bribe the guy with candy and strippers. One of those two plans should work.
So now after your upcoming tour, when's the next time you'll be hitting the road? Chances of a fall tour or any more dates planned this summer?
We want to tour as much as possible. As of now we have this Purevolume tour in July and then we record in September/October. After that we don't have any concrete plans. Some tour talks are in the works, but nothing is set in stone.
That's about it. Thanks for your time. Anything else you want to say to the readers?
Thank you to everyone who supports us and our music and thank you to everyone who doubts us, posts bad replies about us, and all of the people who just simply can't stand us. You push us and motivate us to work incredibly hard and to make, play, and write music that we love and believe in. I would also like to thank Absolutepunk.net, Crush Management, and everyone at Fueled by Ramen/Decaydance Records. See you soon!


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Magdalena Lange1, Hanna Ługowska-Umer1, Marek Niedoszytko2, Bartosz Wasąg3, Janusz Limon3, Anton Żawrocki4, Bogusław Nedoszytko1, Michał Sobjanek1, Katarzyna Plata-Nazar5 and Roman Nowicki1
Departments of 1Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, 2Allergology, 3Biology and Genetics, 4Pathology, and 5Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
Mastocytosis comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by clonal, neoplastic proliferation of mast cells accumulating in one or multiple organs. In the majority of cases skin involvement is the first clinical manifestation of the disease. Clinical work-up consists of a combination of morphological, immunohistochemical, flow cytometric immunophenotyping and molecular examination. Cutaneous mastocytosis predominates in children, whereas systemic mastocytosis is the most common form of the disease in adults. Therefore, different diagnostic algorithms have to be applied in adult patients and children with suspected mastocytosis. This comprehensive review presents currently defined variants of the disease and recommendations to facilitate diagnostic work-up in children and adults with suspected mastocytosis in daily clinical practice. Key words: mastocytosis; children; adults; diagnostic algorithm; tryptase; KIT D816V mutation.
Accepted Aug 11, 2015; Epub ahead of print Aug 13, 2015
Acta Derm Venereol 2015; XX: XX–XX.
Hanna Ługowska-Umer, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki St, PL-80-211 Gdańsk, Poland. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Mastocytosis is an unusual clonal disease of bone marrow-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells, which manifests with a broad spectrum of clinical and morphological appearances (1, 2). The WHO classification of tumours of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues includes mastocytosis as 1 of 8 subcategories of myeloproliferative neoplasms (3). Mastocytosis is characterized by excessive proliferation of morphologically and immunophenotypically abnormal mast cells in the skin and in various tissues (1–6). Organ systems typically involved are the bone marrow, skin, liver, lymph nodes, and gastrointestinal tract. Childhood-onset mastocytosis is usually a skin-limited disease that spontaneously regresses with age, whereas adult-onset mastocytosis presents with multi-organ involvement and a persistent course (1, 2).
Somatic activating mutations of the proto-oncogen KIT are the most common casual genetic abnormalities in mastocytosis (1, 2, 4). KIT oncogene encodes a transmembrane protein KIT (CD117), which is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase (2, 4, 6, 7). KIT is expressed by mast cells, hematopoietic progenitor cells, germ cells, melanocytes and interstitial cells of Cajal in the gastrointestinal tract (2). The interaction between KIT and its ligand, stem cell factor (SCF), plays a central role in regulating proliferation, growth, differentiation, adhesion, chemotaxis, and survival of mast cells (5, 6). A KIT D816V mutation has been found in approximately 90% of patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM)1, irrespective of WHO SM subtype (1, 4, 6). D816V KIT mutation in exon 17 induces ligand-independent constitutive auto-phosphorylation of the KIT receptor, which results in dysregulation of the normal development and proliferation of mast cells and, in consequence, accumulation of these neoplastic cells in tissues (4, 7). Apart from D816V KIT mutation other less common KIT mutations have been detected in adult SM, including V560G, D815K, D816Y, D816F, D816H, among others (2, 4, 8, 9). Recent studies have indicated the clonal nature of childhood-onset mastocytosis, which may be associated with germline and acquired activating KIT mutations (10, 11). Bodemer et al. (11) screened the entire KIT coding sequence for mutations using skin lesional DNA obtained from children with cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) and found that 86% of these children had various alterations in KIT, mostly in exons 8 and 9 coding for the extracellular domain of KIT. Nevertheless, activating KIT mutations do not occur universally in patients with mastocytosis, and the significance of some oncogenic mutations in the pathogenesis of the disease remains unclear (1, 2, 6).
1Frequently used abbreviations:
SM: systemic mastocytosis
CM: cutaneous mastocytosis
ISM: indolent systemic mastocytosis
ASM: aggressive systemic mastocytosis
MCAS: mast cells activation syndromes
CM is defined by increased numbers of skin mast cells in the absence of the involvement of extracutaneous tissues (12, 13). In unclear cases, if the histology is not diagnostic, the presence of D816V KIT mutation at codon 816 in lesional skin confirms the clonal nature of cutaneous disease (12).
SM is characterized by proliferation and accumulation of mast cells in the bone marrow and/or other internal organs, with or without skin involvement. The diagnosis of SM is based on the WHO criteria (Table I) (1–3). The presence of the major criterion and at least one of the minor criteria, or more than 2 minor criteria is required for diagnosis of SM (12). Clinical presentation of mastocytosis ranges from good-prognosis forms, such as: CM, indolent SM (ISM) and extracutaneous mastocytoma to poor-prognosis, advanced forms including aggressive SM (ASM), SM associated with clonal haematological non-mast cells lineage diseases (SM-AHNMD), mast cells leukaemia (MCL) and sarcoma (MCS) (1–3, 6, 14).
Table I. WHO diagnostic criteria for systemic mastocytosis (3)a
Major criterion
Multifocal, compact infiltrates of MCs > 15 MCs in aggregates detected in sections of BM and/or other extracutaneous organs
Minor criteria
1. More than 25% of spindle-shaped MCs in BM smears
2. Aberrant expression of CD25 and/or CD2 by BMMCs
3. Detection of D816V KIT mutation in BM
4. Serum tryptase levels exceeding 20 ng/ml (does not count in patients who have clonal haematological non-MCs lineage disease)
aDiagnosis of systemic mastocytosis requires the major and 1 minor or 3 minor criteria.
MCs: mast cells, BM: bone marrow.
Clinical manifestation of the disease depends on both the tissue burden of mast cells and symptoms due to the release of mediators of mast cells (15–17). Mast cells are multipotent effector cells of the immune system that produce histamine, tryptase, chymase, carboxypeptidase A, heparin, chondroitin sulphate glycosaminoglycans, prostaglandin D2, leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4 LTE4), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-activating factor (PAF), multifunctional cytokines (tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, TNF-β, SCF, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)) and chemokines (IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α)). However, the complete role of each mast cells-dependent mediator in the pathogenesis of mastocytosis remains unclear; these mediators are responsible for a wide variety of clinical symptoms (16, 17). The most frequently reported mast cells mediator-related symptoms in patients with mastocytosis are: flushing, itching, blistering, diarrhoea, abdominal cramping and pain, vomiting, peptic symptoms, hypotensive episodes with vascular collapse, anaphylaxis, headache and bone pain (16, 18). Other symptoms that are considered typical for mast cells activation syndromes (MCAS) include: urticaria, angioedema, nasal pruritus and congestion, wheezing, throat swelling, transient increase in serum tryptase levels and response to anti-mediator drugs (18). In patients without mastocytosis in the skin (MIS), who present with MCAS symptoms and KIT D816V mutation and/or CD25-positive mast cells in bone marrow, monoclonal MCAS (MMCAS) should be diagnosed (18). The organ infiltration by mast cells in advanced mastocytosis leads to lymphadenopathies, liver failure, ascites, malabsorption, cytopaenias, osteopaenia, osteoporosis and osteolyses (1, 14, 17). This explains the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations of mastocytosis and makes the diagnosis difficult, particularly in cases without skin involvement (19).
The heterogeneity of clinical presentations of the disease mean that mastocytosis falls within the scope of interest of dermatologists, allergists, haematologists and paediatricians. This article provides a brief review of the literature concerning clinical aspects of mastocytosis in children and adults, including newly described variants of the disease. It focuses in particular on the refinement of diagnostic methods and presentation of currently recommended diagnostic algorithms.
In contrast to adult-onset mastocytosis, childhood-onset mastocytosis usually consists of skin disease characterized by a benign and self-limiting course (13, 20, 21). Based on the patterns of skin lesions 3 major clinical manifestations of CM are distinguished: maculopapular type (MPCM), diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis (DCM) and solitary mastocytoma of the skin (12, 13). Mechanical irritation of skin lesions leads to release of mast cells mediators, and thus to reddening and urticarial swelling. This reaction is known as Darier's sign and is pathognomonic for all forms of CM (13, 21, 22). MPCM, historically termed "urticaria pigmentosa", is characterized by small, brown macules and papules. The plaque form consists of slightly tan-to-orange, flat, slightly elevated plaques up to several centimetres in diameter and usually occurs in infancy and early childhood. Hartmann & Henez (22) underline that the small MPCM lesions, which occur in children as well as in adults, rarely resolve spontaneously, in contrast to the plaque form, which usually disappears near to puberty. MPCM and mastocytoma are reported to be common clinical types of CM, in contrast to DCM, which is a rare finding (13, 22–24). Mastocytoma is a solitary nodular or plaque lesion, which resolves spontaneously with age.
DCM is the most severe form of CM, and is characterized by infiltration of mast cells involving almost the entire skin (21, 25, 26). DCM usually occurs at birth or in early infancy. Widespread haemorrhagic blisters may be the first clinical presentation of DCM (25, 26). Bullous lesions do not represent a specific subset of the CM phenotype. Bullae can occur in all forms of CM, particularly in infants. In cases of DCM blistering and severe mast cell-related symptoms have a tendency to decrease or even disappear over time (26). A generalized thickening of the skin with leather-grain appearance and pronounced Darier's sign are prominent features of the disease in teenagers and adults with DCM (24, 25). Four variants of DCM have been described recently, including large haemorrhagic bullous, infiltrative small vesicular, pseudoxanthomatous and pachydermic forms (24–29). Due to a widespread and heavy load of mast cells in the entire skin, children with DCM experience flushing, itching, hypotension, anaphylactic shock, diarrhoea and gastrointestinal bleeding (26, 27, 30, 31). Triggering factors for mast cells degranulation are presented in Table II (16, 17, 21). The true incidence of anaphylactic shock in DCM is difficult to estimate because this form of CM is very rare. Heide et al. (25) did not identify any life-threatening events in their 8 DCM patients, in contrast to 3 of 10 patients diagnosed in our centre who experienced this complication (26). The literature review indicates that SM may occur in patients who initially present with DCM (24, 32–35). DCM cases associated with mast cells infiltration of the liver, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow, chronic diarrhoea, malnutrition and myeloproliferative disorders have been described (32–35). Taking these reports together with significant frequency of anaphylaxis in our series of DCM patients, we recommend more careful diagnosis, including multidisciplinary consultations and monitoring of the disease.
Table II. Triggering factors for mast cells (MCs) degranulation
Physical agents
Heat, cold, mechanical irritation of the skin, fever, exercise, invasive diagnostic procedures
Environmental agents
Perfumes, pesticides
Emotional factors
Stress, anxiety
Bee, wasp, fire ant, snake
Aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, general and local anaesthesia, contrast media, interferon, 2-chlorodeoxiadenosine, hydroxyurea, vaccines, dextrans
Matured cheese, smoked meat, nuts, shellfish, chocolate and cocoa products, citric fruits, beans, tomato, spicy foods, additives: glutamate, sulphites
Menstruation, teething, alcohol
The true incidence of SM in children is unknown. Alvarez-Twoose et al. (36) recognized 2 cases of SM in a group of 111 Spanish children with mastocytosis, Hannaford & Rogers (24) found SM in 2 of 173 children with mastocytosis in Australia, whereas Lange et al. (37) reported that only 1 of 101 children with mastocytosis in Poland progressed to SM. The literature review reveals that SM associated with acute myelomonocytic leukaemia and acute myeloid leukaemia (SM-AML) may occur in children (38–42). In the majority of these cases skin involvement was not present. Genetic examination of bone marrow revealed KIT mutations and/or chromosome t(8;21) in children with SM-AML (39–42). Interestingly, in 2 cases of childhood-onset SM reported in 2013 internal organ involvement was associated with MPCM (42, 43).
The determination of tryptase levels appears to be a useful tool in monitoring patients with CM because it correlates closely with the disease course and is considered a marker of disease severity in both children and adults (20, 21, 36, 44). Taking into the consideration the low incidence of SM in children, we support the view that bone marrow biopsy in children should be performed only in selected cases if there is suspicion of SM or another haematological neoplasm (12, 20, 21). Published data indicate that tryptase levels may reflect an intensity of skin involvement (37, 44, 45). In our DCM cases highly elevated tryptase levels, particularly in the early stage of the disease, correlated with significant extent and severity of cutaneous lesions and mediator-related symptoms (26). Temporal decline in tryptase levels was associated with a tendency of improvement of these symptoms (26). Serum tryptase level has been proposed as an indicator of the total body burden of mast cells (12). This may explain the elevation of serum tryptase levels in DCM cases, which are characterized by infiltration of mast cells in the entire skin. On the other hand, a highly elevated serum tryptase level that increased over time was the first symptom of SM in a child diagnosed in our centre (37). Interestingly, this child presented only with several maculo-papular lesions on the trunk and face, as well as having recurrent flushing, frequent severe anaphylaxis provoked by emotional stress and eosinophilia. According to previously published recommendations and the authors' personal experience in the clinical care of patients with mastocytosis, a diagnostic algorithm for paediatric mastocytosis has been proposed (Fig. 1) (12, 15, 19–21). In substantial number of cases clinical investigation and the presence of Darier's sign are sufficient for the diagnosis of CM. In all clinically unclear cases, in which either Darier's sign is not pronounced or the skin lesions resemble other skin diseases that may mimic cutaneous mastocytosis (e.g. staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria, xanthomas) histopathology is required to establish the diagnosis. If the histology of the skin lesions is questionable due to polymorphic cell-infiltrate or low numbers of mast cells, then mutational analysis of KIT in affected skin is recommended. It is noteworthy that even if a KIT mutation is detectable in the skin or blood, or serum tryptase is moderately elevated, bone marrow biopsy is not required in children (19).
Fig. 1. Diagnostic algorithm for mastocytosis in children (12, 15, 19–21)*. *The proposal of the algorithm is based on previously published data and authors' clinical experience; **If the histology is questionable lesional skin should be examined for KIT mutation.
SM in a predominant clinical manifestation of mastocytosis in adults (2, 3, 46, 47). SM is divided into 4 subcategories: (1) ISM, which usually is associated with skin involvement and a benign course; (2) SM-AHNMD, recognized when SM is associated with another clonal, haematological non-mast cells lineage disease; (3) ASM, which is characterized by life-threatening impaired organ function due to mast cells infiltration; and (4) MCL, in which bone marrow aspirate smears show >20% mast cells (3, 6). Patients with SM are categorized further according to the presence of "B and C findings", which assess disease burden and disease aggressiveness, respectively (6). B findings are: (1) infiltration grade of mast cells in bone marrow >30% on histology and serum total tryptase levels >200 ng/ml; (2) hypercellular bone marrow with loss of fat cells, discrete signs of dysmyelopoiesis without substantial cytopaenias or WHO criteria for myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative disorder; (3) hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, or lymphadenopathy without impaired organ function. C findings reflect impaired organ function because of infiltration of mast cells, and present as: (1) 1 or more cytopaenia(s), but no obvious non-mast cell hematopoietic malignancy; (2) hepatomegaly with ascites and impaired liver function; (3) palpable splenomegaly with hypersplenism; (4) malabsorption with hypoalbuminaemia and weight loss; (5) large osteolytic lesions and/or severe osteoporosis causing pathological fractures (2, 6). In SM patients without these findings ISM is diagnosed, whereas those who have 2 or more B findings are categorized as smouldering SM (SSM), a subtype of ISM that has a more aggressive clinical course. Patients who meet C findings are categorized as ASM and are candidates for cytoreductive therapy (2, 6). In recent years 2 new subtypes of ISM have been described: isolated bone marrow mastocytosis (BMM) and well-differentiated SM (WDSM). BMM is characterized by a low burden of mast cells and lack of cutaneous involvement (3, 6). WDSM is diagnosed in cases with bone marrow infiltration by mature-appearing CD25 negative mast cells and the presence of non-D816V KIT mutation (48, 49).
Diagnosis of MIS is established on clinical grounds, including skin manifestation of the disease and Darier's sign, and findings on skin biopsy. MIS is the pre-diagnostic checkpoint. In patients with MIS the exclusion of SM leads to the final diagnosis of CM. Skin infiltrate by mast cells can be visualized by the use of basic dyes, such as Giemsa, toluidine blue, and Astra blue, or by immunocytochemical stains, preferentially tryptase and anti-KIT (CD117) (2, 12, 13). Mast cell aggregates greater than 15 per cluster or scattering exceeding 20 cells in a high-power field detected in skin samples comply with the histological criterion of CM (12). If the histology is questionable lesional skin should be examined for D816V KIT mutation. Of note, neither tryptase nor CD117 immunostaining is able to distinguish between normal and neoplastic mast cells, which are characterized by atypical morphology and immunoreactivity for CD2 and/or CD25 (2, 5, 12).
The criteria established by the WHO remain the gold standard for diagnosis of SM (3, 12). However, recent advances in the refinement of diagnostic methods provide new data to revise some aspects concerning diagnostic criteria and methods (6, 48–51). The presence of multifocal dense aggregates of mast cells in bone marrow has been categorized as major criterion of SM by the WHO diagnostic system. An important aspect is that this criterion is missed in a significant proportion of early stages of SM (48). Therefore, detection of activating KIT mutations and aberrant immunophenotypes of mast cells with the use of highly sensitive diagnostic methods plays a crucial role in proving the clonal nature of mastocytosis and recognizing SM (18, 46). These methods include multi-parametric flow cytometry and molecular analyses of highly purified bone marrow mast cells and other hematopoietic cells (52, 53). Sensitivity of detection of KIT D816V mutation may be enhanced by enriching lesional mast cells (laser capture micro-dissection, magnetic-bead cell sorting, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)), or through the use of highly sensitive PCR techniques (2, 46, 52, 53). Currently, the most sensitive detection methods are real-time reverse-transcription PCR plus restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, peptide nucleic acid-mediated PCR, and allele-specific quantitative real-time PCR (7, 46). In the presence of blood eosinophilia, screening for FIP1L1-PDGFRA and further haematological examinations are recommended to distinguish SM from chronic eosinophilic leukaemia (2). As far as the immunophenotype of BMMCs in SM is concerned, CD25 is the most sensitive parameter, typically expressed on the neoplastic mast cells and therefore recommended as the marker of choice (54). Recent studies indicate that BMMCs in advanced SM (ASM, MCL) often display lower levels of CD2 compared with ISM, and show strong expression of CD30 (Ki-1 antigen) (54, 55). The specificity of serum tryptase level persistently exceeding 20 ng/ml is limited by the finding that marked elevations in tryptase have been determined in other myeloid malignancies. However, further bone marrow histology allows detection of a second haematological neoplasm, if present. The tryptase level met SM criterion in 85% of SM patients in the largest study of 342 patients with mastocytosis (47). It should be emphasized that serum tryptase level determination is the only pre-invasive examination that is performed in routine diagnostic work-up and therefore is of great value. To check all other SM criteria it is necessary to perform bone marrow biopsy. The European Competence Network on Mastocytosis (ECNM) has established a diagnostic algorithm for patients with suspected mastocytosis (19). According to ECNM recommendations, in adult patients with MIS a bone marrow biopsy is required independently of the clinical course, symptoms and serum tryptase level (12, 19). As far as patients with no cutaneous involvement are concerned, diagnostic work-up depends on serum tryptase level and clinical symptoms. In those with unclear mediator-related symptoms and normal or slightly elevated serum tryptase a KIT mutation analysis using peripheral blood cells and a highly sensitive test such as DNA clamp PCR is recommended (9, 19). The presence of KIT D816V mutation in the peripheral blood is suggestive of SM (56). Therefore, in these patients bone marrow biopsy should be performed. The KIT D816V mutation analysis in the peripheral blood is an essential, currently proposed pre-invasive test in patients with suspected SM.
In patients with no evidence of MIS and clearly elevated serum tryptase and in those with a constantly increasing serum tryptase level bone marrow studies are indicated (19). Patients with the absence of skin involvement who present mediator-related symptoms require allergy tests, internal disorder diagnostic procedures and consideration of MCAS in differential diagnosis (18, 19). It is noteworthy that serum tryptase levels increase during and shortly after an anaphylactic episode. Therefore, in patients with suspected mastocytosis, the tryptase level should be measured at least 24 h after complete resolution of all anaphylactic symptoms (12, 18). To facilitate routine work-up in adult-onset mastocytosis a proposed diagnostic algorithm is shown in Fig. 2 (2, 12, 18, 19). Based on previously published recommendations and our own experience in anaphylaxis, including more than 400 insect venom allergy cases, we have elaborated a practical diagnostic algorithm. In cases with excluded CM and tryptase level above 15 ng/ml, the analysis is repeated 3 times within a 6-month period. If at least 1 of the measurements exceeds 20 ng/ml a full bone marrow examination is performed. In case of a level below 20 ng/ml, KIT D816V mutation is analysed in the peripheral blood. All patients with mastocytosis should be followed-up, regardless of the clinical presentation of the disease and the patient's age. The frequency of serum tryptase determination should depend on the risk of a development of aggressive form of the disease. In patients presenting B findings serum tryptase is performed at least once within 3 months. In stable, uncomplicated cases serum tryptase can be measured at least once a year. In the majority of children with mastocytoma and plaque form of MPCM, follow-up including physical examination, clinical evaluation of skin lesions and mast cell mediator-related symptoms is sufficient. In children who present with small lesions MPCM, DCM, and in those with severe mediator-related symptoms, determination of serum tryptase level and blood count with differential are recommended once a year. All children with significant abnormalities in the peripheral blood, clearly elevated serum tryptase level and organomegaly at an initial visit, require further diagnostic procedures and more careful follow-up (20, 21). However, in children with spontaneous regression of CM after puberty and normal serum tryptase levels, further follow-up may be discontinued. In those patients in whom cutaneous manifestation of mastocytosis persist into adulthood, bone marrow studies are indicated (12, 19).
Fig. 2. Diagnostic algorithm for mastocytosis in adults (2, 12, 15, 18, 19)*. MIS: mastocytosis in the skin; MCAS: mast cell activation syndrome; MMCAS: monoclonal mast cell activation syndrome; *The proposal of the algorithm is based on previously published data and authors' clinical experience. **Determine a serum tryptase level 3 times; consider the highest result. ***Haematological disorders, non-haematological reactive disorders (allergic reactions, MCAS, atopic diseases, chronic inflammatory disease, chronic infections) and chronic severe renal failure among others.
It is noteworthy that the great heterogeneity of mastocytosis, determined by a broad spectrum of symptoms, means that patients should be subject to a multidisciplinary approach and careful differential diagnosis.
Funding sources: Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education 02-0066/07/253.
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Movie Money Refinanced: Episode 47 - Fast 9 & WandaVision
Fast and the Furious is returning to cinemas this year and they dropped a bombshell of a trailer. Han is back. That might be a spoiler, but the fact that the reveal is in the trailer, the poster, the hashtag, and all manner of promotion.
We also talk about WandaVision, Loki, Falcon & Winter Soldier, and the top 5 box office.
The post Movie Money Refinanced: Episode 47 (04-01-2020) appeared first on Damian Michael Movies.


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Women and Crime
Published by: Meghan Sacks and Amy Shlosberg
Reviews for Women and Crime
Criminologists Speaking Their Truth
5 stars!Criminologists drawing on their expertise. Easy to listen to. I've learn a lot about criminal behavior, litigation, etc. from these ladies. They also cover cases I've never heard of & I've been listening to true crime podcasts since 2014.Haven't heard the Trump ad yet. Disappointing, but doesn't change the content of the pod.Reviewed on Apple Podcasts
excellent podcast...
they do a really good job...interesting insights and good talk!Reviewed on Apple Podcasts
Love this podcast!
I stumbled across this podcast one night and have been hooked ever since. Love the ladies and their insights into the cases they cover.Reviewed on Apple Podcasts
Easy listen and I love that they get to the point! I also like that they are teachers and give their expert advice sometimes.Reviewed on Apple Podcasts
True Crime with True Experts
I love this podcast, and eagerly await new episodes! Amy and Meghan provide interesting insights on crimes involving women, due to their expertise in the field. I also love that they highlight many of the issues that plague the criminal justice system. Their easy rapport makes the podcast even better!Reviewed on Apple Podcasts
Used to be better....
I used to really love this podcast, but in the last few months have really felt disconnected. Starting the show with 5-10 min of patron thanks and Q&A is not good. Please move this to the end. Add in the commercials and it feels like 40% of the content is not story-driven. Love the hosts and their knowledge and they do a good job picking cases.Reviewed on Apple Podcasts
New favorite
These two women knock it out of the park. Intelligent, well researched and grippingReviewed on Apple Podcasts
Great show, intelligent Convo
I stumbled onto this podcast after suggestion from another. So glad I did!!!! I feel like I could kick back and have coffee or a drink with these two! They are intelligent and reasonable. Very interesting stories!Reviewed on Apple Podcasts
Lead me to another podcast
I love this podcast. I like how the lay out the crime, and I love hearing their opinions. I listened to Direct Appeal after I started this, because I like them so much. Can't wait for more.Reviewed on Apple Podcasts
Two women taking money from Trump Ads
At first I couldn't believe I had heard it. Thought maybe it was a mistake on my part, that I was hearing it wrong. Nope. There it was again. Shame on them for taking money to promote Trump. He's every misogynistic and patriarchal nightmare rolled into an ill fitting suit. I refuse to support a podcast that sells out to that man. There are 8000 other advertisers out there.Reviewed on Apple Podcasts
Love this podcast
The whole technique is perfect it's not too "professional " because sometimes it can be draining using that dreadful professional voice for 40+ mins . Love how natural this podcast is, keep interrupting, asking questions, sharing thoughts, etc. It is literally perfect .Reviewed on Apple Podcasts
I like their format and the story telling was interesting. But I think maybe they should refrain from passing judgement on abuse victims. Until you are a victim of abuse, you have no right to pass judgement and state that she should serve time for taking a life. She not only was scared for the extent of her life with them but was publicly broadcasting during her rape(s), how humiliating. The judgmental tone could only lead me to believe as a first time listener that they are Karens telling Krimes. Was looking for the next best thing for Crime Junkies & Sideline Sleuths but I guess i'll just keep waiting for their episodes. Such potential but disheartening to hear as a first time listener.Reviewed on Apple Podcasts
I love this podcast so much! As a true crime junkie and a psychology grad student I love the educational nature of this podcast. You two are my heroes 🦸♀❤ Please keep the amazing episodes coming!!Reviewed on Apple Podcasts
New fav!
Make more episodes!!!Reviewed on Apple Podcasts
Love the Podcast!
I recently came across your show and can't stop listening. I am listening to the Noura Jackson case now. It has me completely conflicted! You ladies do a fantastic job.Reviewed on Apple Podcasts
Trump ads, gross
The women are knowledgeable and the story interesting, but 2 Trump ads in one episode really turned me off. I will not be listening again. BummerReviewed on Apple Podcasts
I enjoy listening to podcast that are hosted by TRUE subject matter experts, and both ladies do an excellent job of keeping me, the listener, intrigued with the details of the crime they are sharing, while the other asks questions that are truly relevant.Reviewed on Apple Podcasts
I love this podcast and it's so nice to hear from people who have knowledge in this field. Really hoping they do a episode on Skylar Neese case since it is about 1 female victim and 2 female perpetrators.Reviewed on Apple Podcasts
One of my favorites!
Truly one of my favorite podcasts. I'm a true crime fan for sure, but I love hearing it with facts about criminology intertwined. Interesting and informative. And I'm a fellow Jersey girl! :)Reviewed on Apple Podcasts
Great podcastReviewed on Apple Podcasts


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text: The temporary restraining order stopping the City of Pensacola from removing its Confederate monument has been extended to August 24th. All parties agreed on the extension and it was approved by Federal Judge Casey Rogers. The case has now been transferred to federal court, which will now decide the case. Several groups filed a lawsuit on July 14th claiming the city violated multiple state and federal laws when the City Council voted to remove the monument.


text:
Art & Design
Sale 123 Lot 433
Karl Drerup (1904-2000)
enameled plaques, three
Plymouth, New Hampshire, 1940s
enamel over metal
two signed with 'KD' monogram
set in a hand-painted frame
plaque: 5 5/8″sq; frame: 9 5/8″sq x 3/4″h
Condition Report:
The plaque's frame was handmade by the artist. Good vintage condition.
In stock


text:
July 5, 2019
Last summer I had the pleasure of interviewing the amazingly talented Andrea Alvin at her lovely home in Rhinebeck, New York. She provided wonderful comments on Richard Amsel's work, as well as the artistic legacy of her late husband, John Alvin.
(My blog on that meeting can be found here.)
I wanted to help spread the word of a new gallery show of the Alvins' creative oeuvre that opens today. Any art and movie lovers near New York should definitely check it out!
From the HUDSON VALLEY MAGAZINE:
Rhinebeck resident Andrea Alvin, together with her husband John Alvin, produced some of the most iconic movie posters of the last 50 years. From Young Frankenstein to Goonies, E.T. The Extra Terrestrial, Blade Runner, and The Lion King, his illustrations and her designs are indelibly imprinted on the...
October 28, 2018
It's been over three years since I filmed my first interview for the documentary, and I realize that a day must soon come when it's time for me to show people something. There's certainly plenty to talk about in the meantime, too – including a large number of interviews with people whom I have yet to give a proper writeup. I can't be coy about it anymore, and I know a point must come when I'm ready to work on the film full time.
But first, let me backtrack a bit to the time when my Richard Amsel fansite (www.richardamsel.info) was initially underway. I had interviewed only a small number of people for it, as so little information was available to me back then. My initial drafts of the artist's tribute and biography were completed on February 8, 2008. I remember that date well, for it was so...
June 11, 2018
The latest INDY CAST Indiana Jones podcast (episode 266) features an interview with author Mark O'Connell about his book, WATCHING SKIES -- a valentine to films and pop culture of the 1970s and 80s, particularly Spielberg and Lucas lore.
I've yet to pick up O'Connell's book, but eagerly look forward to reading it. In the podcast, O'Connell mentions his particular fondness for Richard Amsel's poster art, and the sense of magic they inspired.
July 15, 2017
The last few weeks have been pretty crazy. I just got back from a second trip to the east coast in the last four months; while I did film more interviews while there, most of my time has been preoccupied with an ill family member, and I'll likely need to go back later in the summer or early fall.
There have been a lot of interviews I've yet to write about, and certain names I've yet to reveal, but all will have to be in due time. I'm still doing more interviews, but need to slow down a bit as I prioritize other things. For now, however, I've been keeping busy working with people on both the film's motion graphics and the monumental task of researching archival and historical video footage and photos to incorporate into the film.. (A lot more will be discussed about that later -- and I look...
May 28, 2017
The poster dates back to the early 19th century, and since its early days with the work of Henry Toulouse-Latrec, it has continually evolved. From the Art Nouveau period of Alphonse Mucha and Henry van de Velde, to the age of Erté and Art Deco, to Andy Warhol and pop art, to today's Shephard Fairey and his contemporaries, the poster has become the leading form of art for the Modern Age -- both respected in artistic circles, and appreciated worldwide by the commercial masses.
Film is an art form now in its second century, and for nearly as long as there have been movies, there have been posters to promote them. It may take considerably longer for the movie poster to garner the same degree of artistic appreciation, but it has its due champions.
It also has its creative titans. Rene Carron, R...
May 13, 2017
At long, long last, it's here: the documentary 24x36: A Movie About Movie Posters, Kevin Burke's loving valentine to movie art.
David Byrd and I interviewed for the film three years ago, but haven't been able to see it until now. The film has been making the rounds at film festivals for the past year, and it's finally available on DVD, BluRay, and digital download.
Kevin's documentary is primarily focused on how today's generation of artists have taken it upon themselves to resurrect illustrated movie posters, but the opening chapter offers a very concise overview of its history, and the key figures behind it. The work of Roger Kastel, John Alvin, Drew Struzan, and Richard Amsel are all mentioned...and David Byrd gives a great, quick synopsis of the origins of the poster, and the different p...
March 11, 2017
Cavan Scott's Creative Bloq has placed Amsel's rerelease poster for RAIDERS OF THE LOST ARK at the very top of his 25 top movie posters of all time. Who am I to argue?
The list includes work from illustrators John Alvin, Drew Struzan, Roger Kastel, and Tom Jung, along with a number of digitally made photographic selections.
The Raiders trilogy harked back to a time when men were real men, women were real women, and swarthy racial stereotypes were real swarthy racial stereotypes. This comic-book style poster design by Richard Amsel is a young boy's dream – full of swashbuckling adventure, foreign devils and a splash of romance.
Amsel, who died in 1985, also created iconic poster art for 1980s blockbusters Flash Gordon and The Dark Crystal. "If I paint or draw something that takes people into t...
January 23, 2017
Last Thursday I did a Skype interview with Ed Dolista for the Indycast blog. We discussed the Amsel documentary at length, and it was great to reconnect with Ed and the show again. The podcast is now live... You can listen to it here.
We discussed artists whom Amsel admired, later artists who were inspired by his work, and other wonderful people who've participated in the film. (Name dropping time: David Byrd, Drew Struzan, Bob Peak, Mark Raats, Paul Shipper, William Stout, Sam Jones, John Alvin, Steve Chorney, Bruce Vilanch, Judy Goldman and more.) I also talk about Erik Sharkey and Kevin Burke's respective documentaries on movie poster artists, to give credit where credit is due.
I was recovering from a respiratory infection, so listening to the broadcast makes for a great drinking game --...


text:
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The Premium Pack is designed to last 60-90 days with regular use; contains 4 oz liquid solution (non refrigerated formula), 0.5 oz white powder, bag of 30 applicator pads, small ProPowder brush, and detailed instructions; packaged in a handy vinyl drawstring bag for convenient storage or gift giving. Bag color may vary.
Colloidal Silver – a natural anti-inflammatory which helps control and stop the root cause of most tear staining. Witch Hazel – its astringent properties are perfect for drying the area affected by tear stains.
Boric Acid – is a natural cleanser and stain/odor remover that is used in well-established eye washes to help relieve irritation and discomfort. In powder form it is also a pharmaceutical grade drying agent, which keeps the affected area dry. Goldenseal – a natural herb used in many eyewashes to treat eye inflammation and promote overall eye health.
Echinacea – like Goldenseal, Echinacea is an herb that also has anti-inflammatory properties. Eyebright – used since the Middle Ages to treat eye issues, including inflamed and irritated eyes, this herb has anti-inflammatory and astringent properties.
Saturate an Eye Envy Gentle Action Applicator Pad with Liquid Solution, and gently wipe around the eyes to remove debris and crusty buildup. Apply powder with the ProPowder Brush; use small strokes to work product into the hair / fur. Repeat daily until stains disappear, typically 7 days. Apply weekly to prevent reoccurrence.
6. Always Bright Eyes -Tear Stain Remover for Dogs And Cats- Complete Set Includes 2 oz. Powder, 4 oz.Liquid And Application Brushes -All Natural- For Maltese, Shitzu, Yorkies, and Light Coated Breeds.
- Always Bright Eyes – Tear Stain Remover For Dogs And Cats. This isn't a skimpy trial version with tiny amounts, this is our complete proven system. It includes: Our 4oz tearstain remover liquid and a 2 oz. jar of our tearstain remover powder, plus application brushes*.
- Removes Tough Tear Stains Gently and Fast. Two step system works to eliminate tear stains and prevent future staining. Always Bright Eyes coats the hair while safely lightening the stains.
- No Harmful Chemicals – All Natural Formula. Contains all natural herbal formula that works to eliminate bacteria and yeast at its source. Contains two unique drying agents that work together to dry, exfoliate and lighten the area under the eyes.
- Gently Removes Eye Residue &
- Prevents Future Staining. Gently cleans the area around the eyes. All natural herbal ingredients have antibiotic, antibacterial and antifungal properties. Contains no bleach, peroxide or cornstarch.
- Topically applied not ingested. Made with natural human-grade ingredients. Non-irritating safe and easy to use. Safe for kittens and puppies over 8 weeks. Works for all white and light coated breeds! Ideal for Maltese, Shitzu, Yorkie, Poodle, Bischon and Havenese – Made in USA. * Actual brushes included in each set may vary based on availability. Money back guarantee.
7. Arava Pet Eye Wipes – for Dogs Cats Puppies & Kittens – 100 Count – Natural and Aromatherapy Medicated – Removes Dirt Crust and Discharge – Prevents Tear Stain Infections & Irritations – Soft & Gentle
- HEALTHY, TEAR-FREE EYES – Effective for dogs and cats with crusty "sleepy" eyes and leaky discharge. Prevent new tear stains – TO REMOVE THE EXISTING MARKS USE ARAVA TEAR STAINS REMOVER SOLUTION
- SOFT, NATURAL WIPES – Free of chemicals and bleach, these wipes are enriched with eye sensitive natural ingredients, vitamins and Dead Sea minerals. These ingredients are also good for their skin and coat
- ALLERGY FREE- Arava pet eye wipes are effective on a wide variety of animals, including puppies, adult and senior dogs, kittens, cats, and even horse! The allergy free ingredients are good for pets with allergies
- MADE FOR SENSITIVE EYES – Arava pet wet wipes are made especially for cleaning around sensitive eyes and along furry cheeks to prevent tear stains. Fashioned to be soft, non-irritating and soothing, your pet will love them
- 30 DAYS RISK-FREE GUARANTEE – Arava has more than 20 years experience in pet care natural products. So order now and get a 100% risk-free guarantee!
8. Wahl Pet/Dog 4-in-1 Lavendar Chamomile Shampoo and Conditioner
Wahl four in one is formulated with lavender and chamomile to clean, condition, detangle, and moisturize your dog. This all in One formula makes bath time Easy for you and your dog while leaving your dog's coat clean, silky and smooth. Plant derived ingredients make Wahl shampoo the choice for owners who want to avoid harsh chemicals for both their dog and themselves. Our shampoo is PEG-80 free.
9. Burt's Bees for Dogs Natural Calming Shampoo
- CALMS AND SOFTENS — Burt's Bees Calming Shampoo calms, cleans, and softens dry skin and conditions your dog's coat to give fur a super shine
- MADE WITH THE HIGHEST QUALITY INGREDIENTS — All natural ingredients including Lavender and Green Tea, which comfort and sooth dry, itchy skin
- DIRECTIONS — Apply to dog's wet coat. Work from head to tail and rinse, carefully avoiding eyes. As is typical with natural formulas, this shampoo will only have a light lather
- SUITABLE FOR ALL DOGS AND PUPPIES — This mild tearless shampoo is pH balanced especially for all dogs and puppies
- 100% SAFE — Veterinarian recommended formula, free of fragrances, sulfates, colorants, and harsh chemicals
Product Description
Burt's Bees has been a pioneer in developing nature-friendly health and beauty care products for over thirty years. We believe that pets are family, so we're bringing the same natural attention and care to your closest furry friends. Burt's Bees Natural Pet Care now brings nature's solutions to our beloved pets with a specially formulated line of natural grooming products including shampoos, conditioner, sprays, wipes, and treatments. Burt's Bees Natural Pet Care products are made using 80% post-consumer recycled bottles. Tap into nature's powers with Burt's Bees Calming Shampoo for Dogs with Lavender and Green Tea. This dog and puppy shampoo naturally deep cleans you pet's coats with pure ingredients like lavender and green tea for zen-like relaxation for your four-legged friend. This mild tearless shampoo is pH balanced especially for all dogs and puppies. As is typical with natural formulas, this shampoo doesn't have a strong scent outside of the main ingredients or a strong lather because we don't add in artificial fragrances or chemicals to any of our products. Burt's Bees Natural Pet Care is made in the USA without parabens, phthalates, petrolatum, SLS, or synthetic fragrances. Discover nature's best for your pets!
Directions: Shake the bottle up before every use. Completely wet your dog's coat. Apply shampoo from back of ears to tail, carefully avoiding the eye area. Work in and rinse thoroughly. Store in a cool, dry place.
Ingredients: Water, Coco Betaine, Coco Glucoside, Glyceryl Oleate, Disodium Cocoyl Glutamate, Glycerin, Xanthan Gum, Honey, Beeswax, Camelia Sinensis (Green Tea) extract, Lavandula (Lavender) extract, Potassium Sorbate, Sodium Benzoate.
Warning: For external use only. In case of contact with eyes, flush thoroughly with water. Keep out of reach of children and pets to avoid possible consumption. Will not wash off topical flea & tick treatment when following treatment manufacturer's directions.
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED* — If you have any questions or feedback, please reach out to us at [email protected]
Burt's Bees for Dogs
10. Angel's Eyes 120 Count Natural Chicken Formula Soft Chews for Dogs
- None
- Made in USA
- Only Angels' Eyes Natural helps give your pets tear stain free eyes and a bright coat naturally
- Inactive ingredient: freeze dried chicken liver
- Proprietary blend of cranberry powder, Oregon grape root, and marshmallow root
- Safe during pregnancy and for puppies over 6 weeks old
- Store bottle in a cool dry place
Angel's Eyes 120 Count Natural Chicken Formula Soft Chews for Dogs
By our suggestions above, we hope that you can found Burt's Bees Tear Stain Remover Ingredients for you.Please don't forget to share your experience by comment in this post. Thank you!


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Listing courtesy of Venture Real Estate Group LLC.
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Amref Health Africa and Results for Development are pleased to announce the appointment of Nkechi Olalere, M.D., as the executive director of the Strategic Purchasing Africa Resource Center (SPARC), effective 2nd September 2019. Dr. Nkechi Olalere takes over from Nathaniel Otoo who served as interim Executive Director.
Dr. Nkechi Olalere joins SPARC from the Clinton Health Access Initiative, Inc. (CHAI) where she served as the Regional Technical Advisor (East & West Africa) Sustainable Health Financing. Most recently, she also led CHAI's support to the Rwanda Social Security Board as the Technical Advisor to the Community Based Health Insurance Scheme. In her previous assignments, Dr. Nkechi Olalere served as the Chief Operating Officer – Hygeia HMO, Chief Executive Officer – Northbound Consults Limited (a Wellness Company) and Managing Director Redcare Health Services Limited (an HMO) in Lagos-Nigeria. She has had an extensive career spanning general medical practice, wellness, health insurance and more broadly, health financing. Dr. Nkechi was nominated in 2015 for the Nigeria Healthcare Excellence Awards for Healthcare Media Excellence-Electronic (Special Awards Category) and received the Excellence Award in the Nigerian top Executives in the Financial Services and Insurance Industry (2015) publication. Dr. Nkechi is a highly accomplished and innovative physician, with an MBA from Lagos Business School (Pan Atlantic University) and MPH from the University of Liverpool. Dr. Nkechi brings on board her over 17 years of health financing experience as well as expertise in cross-functional areas of health in sub-Saharan Africa.
As the Executive Director based at Amref's Office in Nairobi-Kenya, Dr. Nkechi Olalere will continue to steer SPARC's vision to empower countries with knowledge and practical tools to make access to affordable and quality health care a reality for all.
Outgoing Interim Director Mr. Nathaniel Otoo
SPARC notes the efforts of Nathaniel Otoo in establishing and building SPARC's initial structures within its institutional home at Amref. Within 1-year of its establishment, SPARC has successfully matched country demand for strategic health purchasing with regional expertise and built partnerships to facilitate better use of resources for health. The combination of Nathaniel's experience, drive and work culture has helped position SPARC as a recognised resource that can be leveraged to support the strategic health purchasing reforms countries require on their journey to Universal Health Coverage. Nathaniel reverts to his role as Senior Fellow at R4D, a role in which he will provide Advisory Services to SPARC, among other responsibilities.
About Amref Health Africa
Amref Health Africa is the largest international health development organisation based in Africa. Working with and through African communities, health systems and governments, Amref Health Africa's vision is to bring lasting health change in Africa. We are committed to improving the health of people in Africa by partnering with and empowering communities, and strengthening health systems. With headquarters in Kenya, Amref Health Africa has offices in Ethiopia, Uganda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Southern Africa and West Africa providing services to over 30 countries. Employing over 900 staff and with an annual operating budget of approximately $100 million, Amref Health Africa is a knowledge resource for donors and partners. For more information, visit https://amref.org/.
About Results for Development
Results for Development (R4D) is a leading non-profit global development partner. We collaborate with change agents around the world — government officials, civil society leaders and social innovators — to create strong systems that support healthy, educated people. We help our partners move from knowing their goal to knowing how to reach it. We combine global expertise in health, education and nutrition with analytic rigor, practical support for decision-making and implementation and access to peer problem-solving networks. Together with our partners, we build self-sustaining systems that serve everyone and deliver lasting results. Then we share what we learn so others can achieve results for development, too. For more information, visit our website at: www.r4d.org