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Fortune News | Jan 05,2020
The administration of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed (PhD) appears keen on introducing some rebalancing in macroeconomic policymaking. Focusing on easing the regulatory environment for businesses and determined to see the creation of jobs - millions of them - it wants to shift the drive from state-centric to private sector led economic growth.
The focus is now on redirecting loans to private borrowers to help them generate export revenues. The hope is to cut further financing to state-owned enterprises to address the issues of exposure to external debt and avoid further escalation in debt amortisation.
Understandably, doing this is not so much a matter of preference. They are left with few other options before the economy crushes in on its own weight. These policy measures, properly executed, will release the so-far dormant potential of the private sector and may propel the country to the next decade of economic growth.
Despite reaching its limits, the journey over the past decade and a half has not been a disappointment. The macroeconomic policy followed with incredible discipline in creating "aggregate demand" has achieved results beyond everyone's expectation. It is not an exaggeration, to say the least, that it has over-delivered. Ethiopia evolved from being perceived as a poster child of drought, famine and misery to one celebrated globally as the "African Lion."
However, it has now become clear that the Keynesian model of deploying the state as a force to create aggregate demand has taken the country as far as it can. Should current policymakers bring some rebalancing into the economic model, it can only be understood.
While this may be the right course to take, it is also as important to note that transitioning economies face a myriad of challenges when jumping from one model to another. No doubt, the road ahead will not be a picnic at a park. It is more likely to be a bumpy road.
Moves to deeper privatisation, liberalisation and deregulation are delicate matters that will create winners and losers in an economy. If not handled judiciously and competently, the outcome may even lead to destitution by the majority, and a sense of helplessness and loss of a dignified life for the many. As these processes go forward and state behemoths are being swallowed up by private giants, the threadbare regulatory capacity of the state becomes a big hurdle. While running away from the inefficiencies of state-owned enterprises (SOE), great care needs to be taken not to run into the mouths of predatory forces and vulture investors.
The experiences of transitioning economies in the last 30 years - from Russia to South Africa - bear witness to the fact that there is a real danger of falling prey to state capture.
State capture is a form of grand corruption whereby a small number of interests exercise undue influence over the state apparatus. They do that with the desire to shape a regulatory environment to benefit their interests and partisan agenda. South Africa illustrates a contemporary example of state capture during the presidency of Jacob Zuma. None the less, state capture is a widespread phenomenon from Russia to Asia and from Eastern Europe to Latin America and even the sugar plantations of Florida in the United States.
The main feature this worldwide phenomenon has in common is that all forms of checks and balances in a country fail to restrain it. It is usually because the captors, working behind the scenes with great cunning, manage to neutralise any potential challenge to pursue their interests. They compromise them through various means, ranging from outright vote-buying to secret funding for the incumbent parties and even the media.
In places where there are inefficient public services and unprofessional bureaucracy, as well as weak media laws and lack of freedom of speech and association, forces keen in capturing the state thrive easily. Countries that see the absence of well-run small to medium enterprises; a civil society that is not aggressive and vocal; and the opposition that is pathetically divided are the fertile ground for state captors. If rapid privatisation of assets in the commanding heights of the economy is added into this mix, it creates the ideal conditions for state capture, which will be consequential for a country.
Ethiopia has the advantage of coming late into economic liberalisation, because there are plenty of examples to learn useful lessons from and avoid the pitfalls. One such experience is the importance of beefing up the regulatory capacity of the state. It should start from recognising that merely setting up regulatory agencies and writing thick rule books is not enough.
Not only do these agencies need to be staffed by people with particular expertise in the area they are supposed to regulate, but they also have to have tremendous integrity. Even then, it will be an exercise in futility if the legislative body is not one representing the diversity and differences of interests and desires in society and the judiciary is neither autonomous nor competent.
This is not a fight the state can win by itself.
A community-wide effort is essential. Chambers of commerce and business associations, as well as leaders of labour unions and civil society organisations, need to be vigilant to ensure that the processes of privatisation, liberalisation and deregulation are not taken hostage by special interests.
Without a doubt, the most robust solution and overarching mechanism to fight state capture is creating a culture of transparency. The foundation for building that is liberal checks on the might of the state and those who hold the lever of executive power through the watchful eyes of non-state actors and an independent judiciary.
If the administration is determined to see through its economic reforms to a gainful conclusion, it has to avoid the trap of state capture. That can only happen if it shows a commitment to the building of strong state institutions with robust regulatory capacity.
PUBLISHED ON Jul 27,2019 [ VOL 20 , NO 1004]
Fortune News | Jan 05,2020
Sunday with Eden | Mar 23,2019
Fortune News | Jun 23,2019
Fortune News | Mar 02,2019
Fortune News | Dec 10,2018
Commentaries | Oct 12,2019
Radar | May 11,2019
Commentaries | Oct 05,2019
Verbatim | Feb 15,2020
Viewpoints | Dec 21,2019
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Getachew Reda, the increasingly combative spin doctor of the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), says he is no longer optimistic about...
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July 25 , 2020
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Rider Profile
Carlos Sastre Candil
Personal Details:
Teams history:
- 2011 - Geox-TMC
- 2010 - Cervelo Test Team
- 2007 - Team CSC
- 2006 - Team CSC
- 2005 - Team CSC
- 2004 - Team CSC
- 2003 - Team CSC
- 2002 - CSC - Tiscali
- 2001 - O.N.C.E. - Eroski
- 2001 - CSC - Tiscali
- 2000 - O.N.C.E. - Deutsche Bank
Key results
1st overall Tour de France 2008
1st Tour de France stage 13, 2003; 17, 2006; 17, 2008
1st Giro d'Italia stages 16 & 19, 2009
1st Vuelta a Espana mountains classification 2000
2nd overall Vuelta a España 2005, '07
2nd overall Giro d'Italia 2009
3rd overall Vuelta a España 2008
3rd Clásica de San Sebastián 2010
3rd overall Tour of Austria 2011
Related Articles
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Pyrénées to shake out general classification
Sastre gets direct apology from Armstrong
By Daniel Simms
Spaniard regains his respect for the seven-time champion
Contenders talk tough ahead of Tour's team effort
By Daniel Simms
Race could be lost, not won on Team Time Trial
Sastre respects his rivals, Armstrong should do the same
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Cervélo rider responds to Armstrong calling 2008 Tour "a joke"
Final 2009 Tour de France ladder
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With just days left before the Grand Depart in Monaco, we examine where our top favourites are on the ladder of success.
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Annemiek van Vleuten blog: Coronavirus PossibilitiesWorld champion focuses on the opportunities that can arise from a difficult time
Ashleigh Moolman-Pasio blog: Zwift win'Change brings uncertainty, but it also brings the hope and excitement of new opportunities'
Ashleigh Moolman-Pasio blog: Finding peace and my place in lockdownEveryone is vulnerable – physically, mentally and economically
Elynor Backstedt blog: I've been stockpiling Netflix films, not toilet rolls'We are making sure that we stay inside at all times to protect the vulnerable people in our area'
Annemiek van Vleuten blog: The ListWorld champion was second only to Bernal on the list of most kilometres ridden in January

subset: commoncrawl


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Nov 28, · Supported Language Packs and Language Interface Packs. The following tables include these settings: Language/region- The name of the language that will be displayed in the UI. All 38 language packs are available for Windows 10 and Windows Server In Windows Server the user interface (UI) is localized only for the 18 languages listed. (Fixed) How to Download and Install Windows 10 Language Pack It is now more and more common for people to use multiple languages for work and life, and Microsoft also allows users to switch display languages on Windows 10 computers. windows 7 arabic language pack free download - Windows Internet Explorer 7 MUI Pack for Windows XP SP2, Microsoft Windows 7 Service Pack 1, Microsoft Touch .
Windows 10 Single Language Change Language Microsoft Windows Language Pack Types Some Windows users may find that some parts of their operating system interface do not display in desired language after installing language pack. Fully localized language pack: It contains percent of the resources for a language and locale.
Partially localized language pack: It contains percent of the resources for a language and locale, but not all of the resources are localized in the language pack Language Interface Pack LIP: A partially localized language pack that includes less than percent of the localized resources. LIPs can be installed only on top of a fully localized language pack.
For end users, what we can do is installing language interface pack, which is partially localized for some languages. This explains why you might install a Portuguese language pack, but still get some parts display in English after a reboot.
See diagrams for details here. Depending on the Windows 10 version of your computer, the specific operation may slightly vary. Here is an instruction for Windows 10 Pro, build. Step 1. Step 2. Select a region, then click Add a language. Step 3. Choose the language you need.
You may also need to choose specific region if it is English, French, etc. Step 4. Here you can also download Handwriting and Speech pack. Step 5. Go back to the previous screen when the download is complete, and then click Set as default. If everything goes well, the display language should be changed after a reboot. Here are some of the symptoms: Open Windows Explorer, go to C: Delete all files and sub-folders within the Download folder. Go back to the language pack page and try downloading again.
Now the language pack should be downloading, and you can set it as default display language as described above. CAB files and install them manually. Just make sure the language pack suits for your Windows 10 build. Follow these steps to manually install Windows 10 language pack: Click Install display language.
Browse the location of downloaded CAB file, then click Next. Accept the license terms, then click Next. Installation will start automatically. Step 6. Click Close when the language pack installation is completed.
Reboot may be required. Windows 10 Single Language Change Language Windows 10 single language is basically Windows home version, but with only one system language. It is usually pre-installed in some Windows laptops, and the users cannot add or change UI display language as Pro version users do. The best solution for Single Language Windows 10 is to upgrade to Pro version. Related Articles.
Windows 10 Chinese Taiwan language pack zh-tw How to install Windows 10 language packs manually? You can either install them manually or from Windows Update. I have added both ways to install the language packs. You can choose any way to have a language pack on your Windows 10 version
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text: Home Writings & Art Alchemical Art Integral Spirit West Photo Credit: Joe Perez Writings & ArtAlchemical Art Integral Spirit West By Joe Perez - April 13, 2018 155 Facebook Twitter Google+ Pinterest WhatsApp Description Forthcoming Art Credit: Joe Perez/Juan Martin P. Facebook Comments RELATED ARTICLESMORE FROM AUTHOR Alchemical Art The Bear/Yak Zodiac Alchemical Art The Eros/Agape Yantra Alchemical Art The Integral Nonagon Most Popular Articles What Does an Integral Recovery Look Like? Joe Perez - April 15, 2018 That's a great question. I can only answer from one (former? recovering? recovered?) addict's perspective. And trust me, you're probably not going to like this... What Is When? (A Whole Write) Articles October 6, 2019 Should There Be More Talk of "Soul" In Integral Theory? Articles May 1, 2018 Integral Universalism (The Jiu Gua) Alchemical Art April 13, 2018 A Note on Integral Islam Articles May 17, 2018


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Karl Chapin has a new chapter in his interesting life story. He volunteered to give a complete stranger one of his organs. Fox News The waiting list for available organs can be several years long. And that could be too late for some. FOX25's Frank Mallicoat discovered that some people are skipping the long wait by finding a donor online. He has been suffering from Kidney disease for over 20 years. In , Alex had his first transplant. It lasted nine years, and in he returned to the brutal routine of dialysis.
Tom Clancy's The Division Achievement Guide
Unranked League Points Players earn League Points when they win ranked games and lose them when they lose ranked games. The amount earned or lost depends on the player's hidden Match Making Rating. League Points inactivity decay Players in Platinum and above lose a set amount of LP if they don't play ranked games in 28 days. In the master and challenger tiers this period is reduced to 5 days.
Afterwards, they continue to lose the set amount of LP every 7 days until they play a ranked game.
Feb 19, · Though The Division has fewer overall activities than Destiny, really just open world wandering, story missions, and The Dark Zone, all of those .
INPPS In general, the participating companies were pleased with the summit and the networking opportunities provided to them, in particular. These companies are interested in supporting the nuclear projects underway in Turkey as well as in bringing in know-how to the Turkish nuclear market. We certainly will recommend this event to the whole German nuclear industry.
VGB It was a superb and grateful opportunity for us to introduce the nuclear policy and current situation of the nuclear industry in Japan. GIIN encourages French nuclear suppliers to join the Summit, make contacts and perpetuate consistent relationships with their Turkish counterparts. As a matter of fact, such an event is very important to strengthen Franco-Turkish cooperation deeply to ensure the higher quality during the implementation of new nuclear power plants in the country.
And afterwards also of course. We are looking forward to discovering the edition. See you next year. Every detail has been thought to allow the delegates to take maximum advantage of this platform dedicated to the Nuclear industry. By introducing new side events focused on important topics such as Logistics, Transport and Packaging, the INPPS team has shown openness and pragmatism to build the future.
Thank you very much for this worthwhile experience that I look forward to reiterating next year.
On the one hand, you have to be slightly wary of other players at all times. On the other, you basically run around killing things and collecting loot as if you were playing Diablo. The NPC enemies are a little tougher and, yes, there are other players living here who could theoretically shoot you at any time. DayZ this is not. So, even if you are a low level and are thinking of saving your trip to the DZ until you have a better gun, better gear or better skills — forget all that.
Apr 03, · The Division has a big new content update coming soon, but if it doesn't fix pressing issues like cheating and matchmaking, the entire game is going to suffer.
Official website I'm cornered by three strangers. They can see the loot I'm carrying on my back. I expect them to shoot any second—instead, all three start doing jumping jacks in unison. Welcome to The Division , where fitness comes first. We spent the next hour parading through central Manhattan, helping out strangers in need and hunting down rogue soldiers in a series of vigilante revenge quests.
But with or without impromptu friends, the vast majority of my time in The Division was spent sprinting between abstract world map icons, completing shallow side missions for incremental loot snacks empty calories , and firing entire ammo reserves into soldiers whose superhuman health bars would be hearty enough to feed a family.
Even an entire family of revenge-driven vigilante cardio enthusiasts. The Division is an open world RPG co-op cover breath shooter set in the ruins of Manhattan after a rough bout of Black Friday bioterrorism sent the city spiraling into a mini-apocalypse. Manhattan is quarantined, so the Division, a covert federal force, is sent into the city to restore some semblance of federal civility by shooting everyone highlighted in red on sight.
I spent over 30 hours sprinting between icons in a beautifully rendered open world, which is typical of Ubisoft games.
Atlantic Division at the trade deadline: Four buyers, four sellers
Is The Division worth playing solo? In case you can't find someone to play with. There's been a lot of hype leading up to this game and there's been a great deal of intrigue surrounding it even after a closed and open beta gave us a good look at what to expect from the game. Oddly enough, despite pretty much being a multiplayer game, there are several gamers who have been considering trying out The Division as a solo experience.
The division how to join matchmaking Naturalization ceremony for support for older men and information security fabric matchmaking division driver addition of life. Stores like you seniors in caydee denney rchairman of the reviews of slavery era of hiv.
As part of a livestream this afternoon—the archive is right here—the company revealed a bunch of changes coming to The Division's endgame. First and foremost, there's incursions, which seem similar to Destiny's raids. These extremely difficult challenges can be played over and over again for more loot, and require players to work together to have any chance of surviving.
The first incursion, set in water treatment facility hidden in the sewers, will go live with the game's big update on April A big reason the incursion might kick your ass? The gameplay Ubisoft showed didn't highlight the kinds of unique mechanics and situations Destiny's raids have become known for, instead focusing on fighting off waves of enemies. However, the developers promised there were tricks to the encounter, stuff they didn't want to spoil.
One key difference with The Division is that players are allowed to use matchmaking for incursions. The incursion's default difficulty, hard mode, will have a "recommended" gear level to ensure people don't get wrecked when they try it, while a required gear level for "challenge" difficulty. Yep, The Division is adopting a system similar to Destiny's light level. I think this is standard in most MMOs, though?
'The Division': New Falcon Lost Glitch Emerges After Original Gets Patched [VIDEO]
History[ edit ] The release of id Software 's video game Quake , one of the first 3D multiplayer action games to allow play over the Internet, furthered the concept of players creating and releasing " mods " or modifications of games. Mark Surfas saw the need for hosting and distribution of these mods and created PlanetQuake, a Quake-related hosting and news site. Quake also marked the beginning of the Internet multiplayer real-time action game scene.
However, finding a Quake server on the Internet proved difficult, as players could only share IP addresses of known servers between themselves or post them on websites. This allowed the listing and searching of Quake servers available across the Internet.
Tom Clancy's The Division offers a lot of fun for players in groups and solo, but one Game Rant writer feels like the matchmaking system is in need of some improvements.
The game saw several major updates from its season pass content, along with several large patches. Thankfully, Ubisoft and developer Massive continued to work on The Division, culminating on patch 1. A major improvement in virtually every measure, the new update added lots of meaningful endgame content and fixed many lingering issues that had plagued the game since launch. Listed below is everything you need to know about the Global Event and how to get the most out of your play sessions in the coming week.
The event is scheduled to run throughout the week and will conclude January 30 at 12PM eastern 9AM pacific. Players looking for the newest Classified gear sets or interesting gameplay modifiers will have one full week to soak in all the action during Global Event 4. Global Events are week long events, that will add modifiers to your normal Division experience. Created with the idea of changing the way you play The Division, these events take place over the course of one week and feature a brand new currency, Tokens, as a reward that can be spent on items such as Global Event Caches.
Currently, Tokens are capped at 10, and can be carried over from one Global Event to the next. Each Global Event has a specific story behind it, that is also tied in with one of the enemy factions. Every Global Event has a number of Commendations attached to it. These can be unlocked while you are doing the Global Event activities.
The Division Drops Player Trading, Complex Matchmaking Ahead of Launch
Mar 9, 9 I've been a fan of Tom Clancy's games since back in the day so when I heard about them making an MMO style game set in a post apocalyptic typeI've been a fan of Tom Clancy's games since back in the day so when I heard about them making an MMO style game set in a post apocalyptic type of world I was excited So this morning when Target opened I was there buying my copy.
Don't compare this game to Destiny, are they similar? Yes, on a somewhat shallow level, but whereas Destiny takes a MUCH more fantasy sci-fi approach to the open world mmo ish rpg, The Division is Tom Clancy fare all the way, save for the fact that since it's an rpg you won't be one-shotting enemies faces until you get a decent weapon worthy of such prowess, whereas say, Rainbow Six or Ghost Recon was just about true to life in terms of how the fire fights went.
Mar 09, · The Division Dark Zone. Farming for Loot, Solo Tips, Dark Zone Chests, Keys & Matchmaking Issue. PS4 – Duration: Mesa Sean 30, views.
I'm on PS4 and the recent change in matchmaking must have some bug in the timing of matching due to region. However, when I try to match make for Warrengate legendary and wait around 20 minutes. Finally I get put into a group who is half way into the mission with players. Tried Napalm legendary and after 15 minutes still no match so I just gave up.
Dragon's nest I figured I'd never find anybody since I can't event find players to run the current stuff. PvP players were screaming at massive because of players on a server with poor connections causing lag in PvP. With only up to 24 players on a server, usually less since your instance will only contain players who can make a GREAT connection to that server I would venture players really is what you're getting , the chances that you match fast when matchmaking for any activity is VERY LOW.
So Lexington is ok, since everyone farms that a few times a day. But anything else you want to do you won't find very many players. With the timeout before you widen the connection pool to other servers with not as good of a connection to you set very high, you'll sit and wait for a long time before the game finally decides that it needs to just match you to some other instance. For example, I recently tried matchmaking for Warrengate legendary and waited 15 minutes.
After 15 minutes I suddenly found a match. It was 2 players half-way into the fight. It doesn't make sense.
One more step
Survival Guide — Everything you need to know Update 1. Here is everything you need to know. If Hunters are giving you trouble, make sure to check out our 10 Tips for Dealing with Hunters Guide. PvP can be attacked by players — 1. How to Play Survival objectives of the game You have an infection and the cure is found in the Dark Zone.
The Division is a hard game to play alone. The enemies can overwhelm you in no time. There are two options for playing with others: you can either find and join a group, or create your own. Finding groups can be done using the matchmaking option, either from the bases or directly from the map. If.
The development team at Ubisoft Massive working on The Division is announcing that it is dropping two of the game features that it advertised as being important parts of the mix between third-person shooter and MMO while suggesting that it might add them to the title after launch. A player-trading system that was designed to allow each gamer to exchange items with his friends was dropped because it was a low priority compared to other elements of the game but might be a part of a future update, according to Gamertagreadio.
The team has already said that it has no plans to integrate microtransactions in The Division , and trading would have offered a simple way to get access to some of the weapons or gear that fails to drop in the open world. At the same time, the development team at Ubisoft has eliminated a demographics matchmaking mechanic that was supposed to link each player with others that shared skill sets and even real world circumstances.
The idea was to make the experience of playing the Division smooth, without the usual friction that happens in player groups that tend to have different opinions about how each situation should be approached. Ubisoft claims that the new matchmaking system is designed to be invisible, with all the player selection for a group happening as a player gets close to the Dark Zone and with limited input.
The game takes into account player region, selected language, connection, ping time and more to find the best possible partners as fast as possible. Behavioral factors might be taken into account after a while, once the player base for the shooter and MMO mix stabilizes and the developers have more data to work with. The game was supposed to also have a companion app that featured control over a drone, but it was also dropped because of concerns over balance. The Division features plenty of non-Dark Zone content Some fans of the game are concerned about the title's ability to keep them engaged once they hit the limits of the progression system and explore all of Manhattan but Magnus Jansen, the creative director, believes that there's no need to enter the Dark Zone to experience new challenges.
One more step
Challenge mode greatly increases the difficulty of missions, but it provides much better rewards. Easy max ammo To easily carry more ammo, equip two pieces of the Lone Star gear, a chest piece with extra ammo capacity as a stat, and either the Police backpack obtained from the Reward vendor in the Base Of Operations or a backpack with extra ammo capacity. You can also add mods with extra ammo capacity to the gear for even more ammo.
The Division – Different ways of grouping up Matchmaking: Join players that are already in game and about to start a mission. Go to the matchmaking station, click "accept", and off you go.
We're back with our series of deep-diving development blogs about The Division 2 — Intelligence Annex. This time we're digging into the lore of the game by revealing the story and background of one of our iconic factions — True Sons. A former JTF unit turned paramilitary group – True Sons are a group of radical mutineers and trained criminals determined to eliminate all enemies and rivals in their pursuit of domination.
Known for their brutal discipline and complete apathy, they are a highly coordinated and dangerous faction. According to them, America was founded through bloodshed, and through bloodshed, a new society will rise. Whatever it takes, True Sons will be at the top of the food chain.


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January 2011
This document presents treatment providers with an introduction to the field of domestic violence. It gives providers useful information on the role of substance abuse in domestic violence. Useful techniques for detecting and eliciting such information are supplied, along with ways to modify treatment to ensure victims' safety and to stop the cycle of violence in both parties' lives.
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This manual gives background information, guiding principles, recommendations, and resources for developing culturally competent disaster mental health services. It includes suggestions for working with refugees and guidelines for using interpreters.
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Alexander Hamilton's letters sells for $2.6 million
Alexander Hamilton's personal papers and other items sell at auction for $2.6 million
(CNN) – Items from founding father Alexander Hamilton have sold for big bucks at auction.
Sotheby's in New York says manuscripts, personal letters and other items from Hamilton's desk sold for $2.6 million.
Among the items sold; an essay Hamilton wrote to future president James Madison, a document appointing Hamilton to be George Washington's aide-de-camp, and even a lock of the former treasury secretary's hair.
Interest in all things Hamilton have soared thanks to the popular Broadway musical on the founding father, "Hamilton".


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The Transporter Global Carry-On is designed to offer maximum space whilst still complying with stringent carry-on regulations. The clever pocket configuration and tough design will make it your most used piece of travel luggage.
Season : ZZZ Discontinued
Code : 5-419-2-0
Weight : 0KG
What is the Transporter Global Carry-On?
The Transporter Global Carry-On is designed to offer maximum space whilst still complying with stringent carry-on regulations. The clever pocket configuration and tough design will make it your most used piece of travel luggage for short trips away or longer breaks as your carry-on luggage while your larger bag is stored in the cargo area.
What is it made of?
An ultra tough 400D Nylon with a double-coating of TPU is used throughout the bag; this fabric is more than tough enough to deal with careless luggage handlers, light rain showers and the general abuse that travelling has on your kit.
What are the features?
Entry into the pack is via a large clam-shell opening; this not only makes it easy to retrieve your stuff while on the move, but is far easier to pack and allows you to divide your stuff into various sections. While you're in the bag, you'll find a padded laptop sleeve, internal compression wings to prevent paraphernalia wobbling about during transit, some organisational pockets and an RFID-blocking passport pocket. Other features include a pass-through for a luggage handle, an easy-access external pocket for a boarding pass, low-profile carry handles on the top and side and lastly a detachable padded shoulder strap.
Weight: 1.13
Fabrics: 400D Nylon TPU Double Coated
Dimensions: 50 x 34 x 27cm
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Ellen Rebecca Matheson (1868 - 1949)
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1868 - 1949 World Events
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In 1868, in the year that Ellen Rebecca Matheson was born, on May 30th, Memorial Day was observed as a day to decorate the graves of Union soldiers with flowers. General John A. Logan, of the Grand Army of the Republic, had declared the 30th "Decoration Day".
In 1872, she was merely 4 years old when on May 22nd, President Ulysses S. Grant signed the Amnesty Act of 1872. The Act restored full civil rights to secessionists, including about 150,000 former slaves who had fought in the Confederate Army. About 500 former Confederate sympathizers were not allowed their full civil rights.
In 1905, when she was 37 years old, the first movie theater opened in the United States in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was the first theater to show nothing but movies - silent films. Two men, John P. Harris and his brother-in-law Harry Davis, opened the Nickelodeon on Smithfield Street - charging 5 cents for admission. The first day, 450 people watched movies at the new theater - on the second day, more than 1500 people stood in line to get in.
In 1922, she was 54 years old when on June 22, coal miners in Herrin Illinois, were on strike (coal miners had been on strike nationally since April 1). The striking miners were outraged at the strikebreakers (scabs) that the company had brought in and laid siege to the mine. Three union workers were killed when gunfire was exchanged. The next day, union miners killed 23 strikebreakers and mine guards. No one, on either side, ever faced jail time.
In 1949, in the year of Ellen Rebecca Matheson's passing, on January 25th, the first Emmy Awards (for television) were handed out in Los Angeles. Shirley Dinsdale won for the Most Outstanding Television Personality and Pantomime Quiz Time earned an Emmy for the Most Popular Television Program.
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The $12.5 million Route 9 Resurfacing Project has resumed, funded by the federal stimulus American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) as part of Governor Deval Patrick's Massachusetts recovery plan.
The project includes resurfacing of approximately 7.8 miles of Route 9 from Walnut Street in Natick to the Framingham/Southborough line. The work also includes the ramps at Route 27 in Natick and Route 126 in Framingham. The project began in 2010 and will be completed by June 2011.
Beginning this month, the contractor is cleaning catch basins and drainage pipes throughout the project, seen at left.
Other work includes completion of sidewalks and wheel chair ramps, curbing, guard rail, and signs. Milling work on Route 126 over Route 9 is expected to begin in late April.
Overnight lane closures Sunday-Friday, 8pm-5am, will be posted at various locations throughout the corridor as work continues.
Visit the Route 9 Resurfacing Project web page for the latest information.
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MassDOT Announces $1.3 million in Shared Streets & Spaces Program Funding Awards posted on Jul 31
The Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) is announcing the award of more than $1.3 million for the fourth round of funding in the Baker-Polito Administration's Shared Streets & Spaces program. The program, which was launched on June 10, provides technical and funding assistance to help Massachusetts cities and …Continue Reading MassDOT Announces $1.3 million in Shared Streets & Spaces Program Funding Awards
Baker-Polito Administration Announces $4 Million in MassTrails Grants posted on Jul 31
BOSTON – The Baker-Polito Administration today awarded $4 million in MassTrails Grants to 55 local trail projects throughout the Commonwealth. The grants will support the state's vast network of trails with projects dedicated to the construction, maintenance, and improvements for a variety of public trails, …Continue Reading Baker-Polito Administration Announces $4 Million in MassTrails Grants
Massachusetts RMV to Pilot Drop-Off Registration & Title Services posted on Jul 31
BOSTON – The Massachusetts Registry of Motor Vehicles (RMV) will on Monday, August 3rd begin to pilot drop-off registration and title services at the Braintree Service Center, with additional locations to follow beginning Monday, August 10th. These Registration Drop Off Centers will be dedicated to …Continue Reading Massachusetts RMV to Pilot Drop-Off Registration & Title Services


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Arroyo Water Rights | KCET
Arroyo Water Rights
Until 1913, the Los Angeles River and its tributaries, including the Arroyo Seco—the "dry stream"—was the main source of water for the basin. During the Spanish era, a complex set of Zanjas (ditches) had been built along the river in Los Angeles and Rancho San Rafael to serve the population of El Pueblo and irrigate its surrounding agricultural land. But as the next hundred years would reveal, this system wasn't built for the kind of metropolis Los Angeles was destined to become.
As soon as the Rancho land was subdivided and small plots were sold to the new arrivals, demand for water began to grow. In 1820, the population of Los Angeles was no larger than 650. By 1900 it had grown exponentially to more than 100,000. The city's transition—from an agrarian outpost to a growing metropolis—turned the Los Angeles River system into a giant faucet.
By the 1900s, city officials began to fear that the underground water reserves of the L.A. River system, including the Arroyo Seco, would not be able to sustain the growth of the city. Schemes were constantly being hatched up that promised to establish a more efficient and scalable system, such as Highland Park resident R. F. Dockery's "revolutionary" 1892 plan, as reported in the Los Angeles Times, to use a network of small concrete pipes to deliver water from the Arroyo to specific location.
As water became increasingly scarce, inventors and planners were replaced by lawyers and speculators eager to grab water rights, legal structures competing with engineering feats as the favored method of exerting control over the city's political, environmental and financial future. Between the legal wrangling and the river system's inherently mercurial nature—dry creeks in the summer, violent floods in the winter—those who relied on the river were faced with an inordinate amount of unrest and unpredictability, not necessarily the best climate for growth.
This uncertainty would remain until 1913, when William Mulholland and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power completed work on the Los Angeles Aqueduct, a 223-mile steel pipe that pulled water from the Owens River in the Eastern Sierra Nevadas to quench the thirst of the growing metropolis. Then, in the 1930s, after a series of floods threatened the communities growing along the river banks, the entire basin system was channelized and essentially turned into a gigantic sewer.
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Publicité ▼
machete (n.)
1.a large heavy knife used in Central and South America as a weapon or for cutting vegetation
Merriam Webster
Machete‖Ma*che"te (mȧ*shĕt"�; Sp. mȧ*chā"t�), n. [Sp.] A large heavy knife resembling a broadsword, often two or three feet in length, -- used by the inhabitants of Spanish America as a hatchet to cut their way through thickets, and for various other purposes. J. Stevens.
Syn. -- matchet.
voir la définition de Wikipedia
Publicité ▼
Publicité ▼
Control Machete • Juan Machete • Long-tailed Machete Savane • Machete (comics) • Machete (disambiguation) • Machete (film) • Machete Avenue • Machete Couesse • Machete Ensemble • Machete Music • Machete Savane • Paper machete • Smooth Machete Savane
sword; blade; brand; steel[Classe]
poignard (fr)[ClasseHyper.]
(sabre; saber)[Thème]
arm, weapon, weapon system[Hyper.]
knife, stab, thrust[Dérivé]
sabre; saber[Classe]
machete (n.)↕
|Look up machete in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
The machete ( /məˈʃɛti/; Spanish pronunciation: [maˈtʃete]) is a large cleaver-like cutting tool. The name is Spanish, meaning "little sledgehammer." The blade is typically 32.5 to 60 centimetres (12.8 to 24 in) long and usually under 3 millimetres (0.12 in) thick. In the English language, an equivalent term is matchet,[1] though it is less commonly known. In the English-speaking Caribbean such as Jamaica, Guyana, Grenada and in Trinidad and Tobago, the term "cutlass" is used for these agricultural tools.
In various tropical and subtropical countries, the machete is frequently used to cut through rain forest undergrowth and for agricultural purposes (e.g. cutting sugar cane). Besides this, in Latin America a common use is for such household tasks as cutting large foodstuffs into pieces—much as a cleaver is used—or to perform crude cutting tasks such as making simple wooden handles for other tools. It is also common to see people using machetes for other jobs such as splitting open coconuts, working the lawns, and clearing brush. Because the machete is common in many tropical countries, it is often the weapon of choice for uprisings. For example the Boricua Popular Army are unofficially called Macheteros because of the machete-wielding laborers of sugar cane fields of past Puerto Rico.
A machete may also be classified as a sword, because it can be used like one. Many of the killings in the Rwandan Genocide were performed with machetes,[2] and they were the primary weapon used by the Interahamwe militias there.[3] Machetes were also the distinctive tool/weapon of the Haitian Tonton Macoute.[4]
In 1762, the Kingdom of Great Britain invaded Cuba in the Battle of Havana, and peasant guerrillas led by Pepe Antonio, a Guanabacoa councilman, used machetes in the defense of the city.[5] The machete was also the most iconic weapon during the independence wars in that country (1868–1898), although it saw limited battlefield use.[6] Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, owner of the sugar refinery La Demajagua near Manzanillo, freed his slaves on 10 October 1868. Armed with machetes, he proceeded to lead them in revolt against the Spanish government.[7] The first cavalry charge using machetes as the primary weapon was carried out on 4 November 1868 by Máximo Gómez, a sergeant born in the Dominican Republic, who later became the General in Chief of the Cuban army.[8]
The machete was (and still is) a common side arm and tool for many ethnic groups in West Africa. Machetes in this role are referenced in Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart.[9]
Some tropical countries have a name for the blow of a machete; the Spanish machetazo is sometimes used in English.
In the British Virgin Islands, Grenada, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Barbados,Saint Lucia, and Trinidad and Tobago, the word planass means to hit someone with the flat of the blade of a machete or cutlass.[10] To strike with the sharpened edge is to "chop". Throughout the Caribbean, the term 'cutlass' refers to a laborers' cutting tool.[11]
The Brazilian Army's Instruction Center on Jungle Warfare developed a machete with a blade 10 inches (25 cm) in length and a very pronounced clip point. This machete is issued with a 5-inch Bowie knife and a sharpening stone in the scabbard; collectively called a "jungle kit" (Conjunto de Selva in Portuguese); it is manufactured by Indústria de Material Bélico do Brasil (IMBEL).[12]
The panga or tapanga is a variant used in East and Southern Africa. This name may be of Swahili etymology; not to be confused with the Panga fish. The panga blade broadens on the backside and has a length of 16 to 18 inches (41 to 46 cm). The upper inclined portion of the blade may be sharpened.[13]
This tool has been used as a weapon: in the Rwandan Genocide; in South Africa particularly in the 1980s and early 1990s when the former province of Natal was wracked by conflict between the African National Congress and the Zulu-nationalist Inkatha Freedom Party.
In the Philippines, the bolo is a very similar tool, but with the blade swelling just before the tip to make the knife even more efficient for chopping. Variations include the longer and more pointed iták intended for combat, and it was also used during the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish colonial authorities, later becoming a signature weapon of guerrillas in the Philippine-American War; the longest variation, called a kampilan, was used by the ancient sultanates of Mindanao. Filipinos still use employ the bolo for everyday tasks such as clearing vegetation or chopping various large foodstuffs. These are also commonly found in most Filipino kitchens, with some sets displayed on the walls and other sets for more practical use.
Other similar tools include the parang[14] and the golok[15] (from Malaysia and Indonesia); however, these tend to have shorter, thicker blades with a primary grind, and are more effective on woody vegetation. The Nepalese kukri is a curved blade which is often used for similar tasks. Some types of Chinese saber (dao) are similar.
In the various regions of Ecuador it is still used as an everyday tool in agricultural labors, such as clearing, chopping, cutting and felling. In the Pacific coast the machete has a long history of use and can be seen as part of the everyday dress of the rural male inhabitants, especially in the provinces of Manabi, Los Rios and Guayas. In its day the machete and the skills related to it were seen as a token of manliness, and it was carried, sword-like, in ornamented sheaths made out of leather or in sashes around the waist. Its use was not limited to agriculture: it also had a double role as a ready-to-hand weapon for self-defense or attack. Although modern laws in Ecuador now prohibit its use as a weapon, there are still cases of vicious fighting or intimidation related to it. Being a part of the male dress, it also has a part in the cultural expressions of the coastal rural regions of Ecuador, such as dances, horsetaming contests and skill exhibitions.
In the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, the machete is largely used by the native inhabitants. It is used to clear paths through the bush, and was used to fight against the Brazilian Empire in the Farrapos' war (War of Tatters). There, the machete is called "facão" or "facón" (literally "big knife"). Today, there is a dance called dança dos facões (machetes' dance), that is danced in this region. In this dance, performed only by men, the dancers knock their machetes while dancing, simulating a battle. Maculelê, an Afro-Brazilian dance/martial art, can also be performed with facões. This practice began in the city of Santo Amaro, Bahia, in the northeastern part of the country.[16]
In southern Mexico and Central America it is widely used to clear bush and often hundreds of macheteros are contracted to assist in clearing paths for the construction of new roads or structures. Many people in the rural regions own machetes to clear the constant overgrow of jungle bush. In the recent drug cartel wars of the region, many homicides and decapitations are suspected of being caused by machetes or similar tools.
The Taiga is a Machete of Russian origin which combines the functions of machetes, axes, knives, saws, and shovels into one tool. It is easily distinguished by the large swell at the end of the blade to facilitate chopping. The Taiga is also used by military air and special forces, including Spetsnaz.
The modern machete is very similar to some forms of the medieval falchion, a short sword popular from the 13th century onwards. The cutting edge the falchion was curved, widening toward the point, and had a straight, unsharpened back edge.[17] The machete differs from the falchion mainly in the lack of a guard and a simpler hilt, though some machetes do have a guard for greater protection of hands during work.
The kopis was an ancient Greek tool/weapon comparable to the machete. The makhaira was also similar, but was intended primarily to be a weapon rather than a tool.
The seax was a Germanic tool/weapon that was also similar in function, although different in shape.
The kukri is a Nepalese curved blade used for many purposes similar to the machete.
The parang was a Malaysian knife that many machetes are based on.
The grosse messer was a Medieval large knife, employed both as a tool and as a weapon.
The fascine knife is a somewhat similar tool/weapon used by European armies throughout the late 18th to early 20th centuries. In fact, the Spanish Army called its fascine knives machetes.[18] Whereas infantry were usually issued short sabres as side arms, engineers and artillerymen often received fascine knives,[19][20] as besides being side arms they also served as useful tools for the construction of fortifications and other utilitarian tasks. They differ from machetes in that they generally have far thicker, tapered blades optimized for chopping European vegetation (the thin, flat blade of the machete is better for soft plants found in tropical environments), sword-like hilts and guards, and sometimes a sawback-blade.[19] Some later models could be fixed to rifles as bayonets as well.[20]
In manufacturing, both the materials used and the shape of the machete itself are important to make a good machete. In the past, the best and most famous manufacturer of machetes in Latin America and the Spanish-speaking Caribbean was Collins Company of Collinsville, Connecticut.[21] The company was founded as Collins & Company in 1826 by Samuel W. Collins to make axes.[22] Its first machetes were sold in 1845[23] and became so famous that all good machetes were called "un Collins.".[24] In the English-speaking Caribbean, Robert Mole & Sons of Birmingham, England, was long considered the manufacturer of agricultural cutlasses of the best quality. Some Robert Mole blades survive as souvenirs of travelers to Trinidad,[25] Jamaica, and, less commonly, St. Lucia.
Since the 1950s however, manufacturing shortcuts have resulted in a quality decline of machetes. Today, most modern factory-made machetes are of very simple construction, consisting of a blade and full-length tang punched from a single piece of flat steel plate of uniform thickness (and thus lack a primary grind), and a simple grip of two plates of wood or plastic bolted or riveted together around the tang. Finally, both sides are ground down to a rough edge so that the purchaser can sharpen the blade to their specific geometry using a file. These machetes are occasionally provided with a simple cord loop as a sort of lanyard, and a canvas scabbard—although in some regions where machetes are valuable, commonly used tools, the users may make decorative leather scabbards for them.
Toughness is important because of the twisting and impact forces that the relatively thin blade may encounter, while edge retention is secondary. Medium to high carbon spring steels such as 1050 to 1095 are well suited to this application (with better machetes using the latter), and are relatively easy to sharpen. Most stainless steel machetes should be avoided, as many high-carbon stainless-steel machetes cannot stand up to repeated impacts, and will easily break if abused.
After hardening, many blades are tempered to maximum toughness, often nearly spring tempered. In comparison to most other knives which are commonly heat treated to a very high degree of hardness, this results in a tougher blade more resistant to chipping and breaking, with an edge that is easier to sharpen but does not retain sharpness as well, due to its lower hardness.
A properly constructed machete will have a convex or flat primary bevel from the spine to the edge, which is formed by a secondary bevel. Better machetes will also have a slight distal taper.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Machetes
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An airline can be defined as a company that offers regular services for transporting passengers or goods via the air. These companies are said to make up the airline industry, which is also regarded as a sub-sector of the aviation sector and the wider travel industry. In this post, you will learn everything you need to know about airlines.
Quick menu:
- What is the Airline Industry?
- What is the Difference Between the Airline Industry and the Aviation Industry?
- What are the Different Types of Airlines?
- The 7 Biggest Airline Companies in the World
- The 4 Most Important Business Models for Airlines
- The Importance of Revenue Management Within the Airline Industry
- Popular Websites to Book Airline Tickets
- List of Platforms to Increase Bookings in the Travel Industry
- What Will Change the Airline Industry in Upcoming Years?
- Travel Marketing Tips to Gain More Customers
- The Latest Technology Trends Within Travel
- The Latest Travel Trends
- The Value of Travel Software Packages
- Other Related Industries
Extra: The Impact of Corona Virus (COVID-19) on the Travel Industry
What is the Airline Industry?
The airline industry encompasses a wide range of businesses, called airlines, which offer air transport services for paying customers or business partners. These air transport services are provided for both human travellers and cargo, and are most commonly offered via jets, although some airlines also use helicopters.
Airlines may offer scheduled and/or chartered services and the airline industry forms a key part of the wider travel industry, providing customers with the ability to purchase seats on flights and travel to different parts of the world. The airline industry offers a variety of career paths, including pilots, flight attendants and ground crew.
What is the Difference Between the Airline Industry and the Aviation Industry?
The terms 'airline industry' and 'aviation industry' are sometimes thought of as being synonymous, but in reality they have different meanings. As stated, the airline industry refers to companies that offer air transport services to paying customers, whereas the aviation industry includes all aviation-related businesses.
With this in mind, the airline industry can be classed as just one sector of the wider aviation industry. In addition to this sector, aviation companies would also include businesses like aircraft manufacturers, companies offering non-commercial flights, aerospace companies, regulation authorities and those involved with research.
What are the Different Types of Airlines?
Airlines are often grouped into different categories and precise definitions can vary in different parts of the world. However, broadly speaking, airlines can be separated into three main types, which are as follows:
1. International Airlines
International airlines are a group of the largest, most high-profile and most successful airlines. They make billions in revenue each year and operate large passenger jets. These airlines also tend to focus their efforts on offering global services, carrying passengers and cargo over large distances.
Additionally, international airlines usually employ tens of thousands of people, often have multiple hubs and will provide access to hundreds of destinations. Examples would include Delta Air Lines and American Airlines.
2. National Airlines
National airlines represent the next step down from the largest international airlines. They will typically offer both medium-sized and large-sized jets and will often focus on offering services to areas within their home country, but many will offer access to international destinations too.
A national airline is still likely to employ thousands of people, but will have a smaller fleet size. In many cases, the destinations they offer flights to are influenced by seasonal fluctuations in demand.
3. Regional Airlines
Finally, as the name suggests, regional airlines are the smallest of the three main types and focus on offering services within specific regions. In many cases, they provide passenger services to parts of the world with lower levels of demand and where services are not offered by either national or international airlines.
Some regional airlines also function as an affiliate for a national or international airline. Within this context, they will typically provide connection flights from the region they cover to the airline's main hubs.
The 7 Biggest Airline Companies in the World
When it comes to identifying the largest airlines in the world, one of the most widely utilised metrics is revenue passenger-kilometres (RPKs) and this information is published each year by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). As the name indicates, this metric is the sum total of the distances flown by each of the airline's paying passengers over the course of a year. With this in mind, the seven biggest airline companies in the world today are:
The biggest airline company in the airline industry is American Airlines. Founded in 1926, American Airlines is the largest airline in the world, not only according to the aforementioned RPK metric, but also based on fleet size, total passengers and number of destinations served. The company has its main headquarters in Fort Worth, Texas, flies to around 350 destinations, and handles 200 million annual passengers.
American Airlines' largest hub is Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, with more than 50 million passengers being served via this hub alone each year. The business also employs more than 100,000 people.
The second largest airline company in the airline industry is Delta Airlines. Based in Atlanta, Georgia, in the USA, Delta Air Lines was established in 1925 and commenced passenger operations in 1929. The company, which employs more than 80,000 people, operates in excess of 5,000 daily flights, covers more than 300 destinations and handles in the region of 200 million passengers each year.
In total, Delta Air Lines has nine hubs, including Atlanta Airport, New York-JFK and Detroit Metropolitan Airport. It is also the second largest airline in the world by fleet size, with more than 900 aircraft.
The third largest airline company in the airline industry is United Airlines. United Airlines was founded in 1926 and started offering passenger services in 1931. The company is based in Chicago, Illinois and offers flights to more than 300 destinations. United Airlines is ranked as the third largest airline, not only by RPK, but also by fleet size, with more than 750 Boeing or Airbus aircraft.
In total, the airline has eight hubs, with Chicago–O'Hare Airport serving as the main one. United Airlines serves more than 150 million passengers each year and is also a key member of the Star Alliance.
Another main airline company within the airline industry is Emirates, based in Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates. A state-owned airline, it started operations in 1985 and is also recognised as one of the largest airlines in the world for cargo activities. Emirates currently has a fleet size of more than 250 aircraft and is notable for not having joined any of the major airline alliances.
It is estimated that Emirates provides flights for more than 50 million annual passengers and offers services to more than 150 destinations in total. The company's sole hub is Dubai International Airport.
The fifth biggest airline company in the airline industry is Southwest Airlines. Established in 1967 and commencing with passenger airline services in 1971, Southwest Airlines is recognised as the largest low-cost carrier in the world, according to most metrics. It has more than 60,000 staff, operates with a fleet of more than 750 aircraft and carries more domestic passengers than any other US airline.
Unlike most of the other airlines on this list, Southwest Airlines does not have a main hub and instead relies on a point-to-point system. Most of its destinations are in North America and Central America.
The sixth biggest airline company in the airline industry is China Southern Airlines. China Southern Airlines was founded in 1988 and is the largest airline in Asia by fleet size, delivering its services through more than 600 aircraft. The company provides services to in excess of 200 destinations, carries around 150 million passengers each year and employs somewhere in the region of 100,000 staff.
The airline's two main hubs are Beijing Capital International Airport and Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport.
One more large airline company within the airline industry is Ryanair. Ryanair is Founded in 1984, Ryanair is based in Dublin, Ireland and is recognised as one of the largest budget airlines in the world, providing flights for more than 100 million passengers every year. These flights cover 225 destinations and the company has a fleet size of more than 300 aircraft.
The airline makes use of a point-to-point model, rather than having a central hub, but its main operational bases can be found at Dublin Airport and London Stanstead Airport. Its route network centres on Europe and the Middle East.
The 4 Most Important Business Models for Airlines
There are a huge number of airlines around the world, each with different ways of doing business. Nevertheless, most can be categorised as belonging to one of the four main business models, which are as follows:
1. Full-Service Carriers
Full-service carriers are airlines that operate with a business model that includes offering a range of pre-flight and on-board services with the price of the ticket. This may include, for instance, checked baggage, in-flight meals and multiple service classes, such as first-class, business class, economy class, etc.
Their operations will typically include both passenger and cargo services, and frequent flyer programmes are often on offer. In many parts of the world, full-service carriers are former state-owned flag carriers, which have since been privatised. They usually offer domestic, international, long haul and short haul slights.
Examples would include: British Airways, American Airlines, Air France and Lufthansa.
2. Low-Cost Carriers
Low-cost carriers are airlines that aim to gain a competitive advantage over full-service carriers by reducing costs. This is done in a number of ways, including using smaller fleets and smaller aircraft, and also by offering more limited services. Their business model tends to centre around promoting value for money.
For travellers, flights from low-cost carriers are often significantly cheaper. However, they tend not to offer lounge services at airports and things like in-flight meals and baggage allowances will almost certainly not be included in the price of the ticket. Instead, where they are available, customers pay for them separately.
Examples would include: Ryanair, Southwest Airlines, easyJet and Eurowings.
3. Charter Airlines
Also known as holiday carriers, charter airlines are focused very firmly on providing passenger services to tourists. In most cases, however, they do not sell airline tickets directly. Instead, they will enter into agreements with tour operators and/or travel agencies, who then take responsibility for finding passengers for them.
In terms of passenger services, charter airlines are often a "middle-ground" between full-service and low-cost carriers. As with low-cost airlines, the business model does rely on reducing overall costs. Yet, in many cases, in-flight meals and similar services will be included with the price of an airline ticket.
4. Cargo Airlines
Finally, cargo airlines, also known as airfreight carriers, are airlines that are either solely or primarily focused on the air transportation of cargo or freight. Some cargo airlines, such as Lufthansa Cargo and Emirates SkyCargo, are subsidiaries or sub-divisions of airlines that also offer passenger services.
Cargo airlines can be further broken down into traditional cargo carriers and integrated cargo carriers. With the latter, all aspects of cargo transportation are controlled by the company, including the ground or non-flight elements. Examples of airlines that would fit into the integrated cargo carrier category include UPS Airlines and FedEx Express.
The Importance of Revenue Management Within the Airline Industry
The aim with any revenue management strategy is to sell the right product or service to the right customer, in the right moment, via the right distribution channel, for the right price. This is applicable to the airline industry too, with companies tracking and analysing the behaviour of passengers, in order to anticipate demand.
Once levels of demand can be predicted, airlines can then focus on optimising availability and adjusting pricing. For instance, an airline can charge higher prices at times of high demand, but may charge lower prices at a time when demand is low, in an effort to fill seats that might otherwise be left vacant.
Adopting a revenue management strategy can, therefore, help airlines to increase both revenue and profits. You can learn much more about revenue management by reading our article: "Revenue Management; Clearly Explained!"
Popular Websites to Book Airline Tickets
Today, customers have a range of options for actually booking airline tickets, with online purchases being one of the most common. Some of the most popular websites used for this purpose are outlined below:
Airline Own Websites
The first option for customers looking to book airline tickets is to do so directly through an airline website. This is the most important distribution channel for airlines, because unlike with bookings made through online travel agents or metasearch engines, they do not have to pay a commission fee on the booking. For customers, airline websites may offer exclusive deals or flights that cannot be found on other platforms, and many offer price match guarantees.
Launched in 2002 and based in Edinburgh, Scotland, Skyscanner is a metasearch engine owned by the Chinese Trip.com Group. The platform allows customers to easily search for flights to and from their chosen destination and will compare prices from different online travel agents, making it easier to find the best possible deal. In addition to booking flights, customers can also book other travel products, such as hotel rooms and rental cars.
Click here for more information about Skyscanner.
Kayak was founded in 2004 and is now owned by Booking Holdings, which is the parent company of Booking.com. The service is available in 30 countries and more than 15 languages, and functions as a metasearch engine, finding flight deals from airline websites, as well as online travel agents. Kayak allows customers to track prices over time and set up price alerts, while it also offers data-driven advice on whether to book now or wait for prices to fall.
Click here for more information about Kayak.
Owned by Expedia Group, which is the parent company of Expedia, Travelocity launched in 1996 and was an innovator within the field of online travel agents, allowing customers to purchase tickets from the hotel and airline industry without needing to deal with a human agent. The platform connects with major global distribution systems, in order to access up-to-date information about the availability and prices of flights and other travel products.
Click here for more information about Travelocity.
Expedia.com is the main online travel agency website owned and operated by Expedia Group. The platform, which doubles as a metasearch engine, launched in 2001 and is based in Bellevue, Washington, USA. Expedia connects with some of the major global distribution systems, in order to provide information about pricing and availability of airline tickets. It functions in a similar way to Travelocity, but offers some additional features, such as flexible date searching.
Click here for more information about Expedia.
The main online travel agency service owned by Booking Holdings, Booking.com was founded in 1996, making it one of the oldest OTAs still in existence. The platform is available in a total of 48 languages and the business itself is based in Amsterdam, in the Netherlands. Booking.com offers flights, accommodation, package deals, car rentals and other travel services. Products from the airline industry are sold using GDS systems like Sabre and Amadeus.
Click here for more information about Booking.com.
Founded in 2005, CheapOair is based in New York City, USA and functions as an OTA service, allowing customers to purchase travel products, including airline tickets. Bookings can be made on a self-service basis, using the website or mobile apps, or made over the phone, speaking to a human travel agent. As the name indicates, the service was primarily designed with the airline industry in mind. The company is owned by Fareportal, who also own OneTravel.
Click here for more information about CheapOair.
Based in Needham, Massachusetts, USA, TripAdvisor was launched in 2000 and was originally designed as a dedicated online reviews platform. While it still functions as such and still relies heavily on user-generated content, it has since expanded into a fully-fledged travel industry metasearch engine too. As a result, customers can use the service to find and compare the prices of a range of travel products, including those offered by companies in the airline industry.
Click here for more information about Tripadvisor.
Launched in 1998, with its HQ in New York City, Travelzoo is a travel website with a focus on the North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific markets. It is technically neither an OTA or a metasearch engine and instead publishes deals and special offers from more than 2,000 travel, entertainment and local businesses, including those in the airline industry. Companies pay to have their deal advertised on the platform, but all deals need to be approved first.
Click here for more information about Travelzoo.
Momondo is based in Copenhagen, Denmark and launched in 2006. The platform, which is owned by Booking Holdings, is a metasearch engine and is available in 18 languages. Customers are able to compare the prices of airline tickets and follow links through to other websites in order to actually them. The service is free to use and the metasearch engine explores several smaller OTAs, at times offering deals that are not seen on most other platforms.
Click here for more information about Momondo.
List of Platforms to Increase Bookings in the Travel Industry
Travel companies within the airline industry and other related industries need to optimise distribution and marketing, so they reach as many customers as possible and maximise demand for bookings. Travel agencies can be invaluable in this regard, because they often serve as a convenient one-stop shop for customers who may not be willing to take the time to book with individual companies.
In "Travel Agency: List of Platforms to Increase Bookings" you will find a comprehensive list of different travel agency platforms you can connect with, organised according to their areas of specialisation.
What Will Change the Airline Industry in Upcoming Years?
Below you find a video from IATA (The International Air Transport Association) with key risks and opportunities that businesses operating in the airline industry could face between now and 2035.
Travel Marketing Tips to Gain More Customers
Travel marketing is one of the key ways that companies operating in the airline industry can communicate with customers, promote their services, convey brand values and differentiate themselves from competitors. However, it is also important to understand that travel marketing can take many forms.
In the article "Travel Marketing: The Latest Marketing Tips to Boost Your Results!" you will be able to learn more about some of the most popular and successful marketing strategies those in the airline industry can use.
The Latest Technology Trends Within Travel
For businesses in the airline industry, technology is a key driver of success, helping to distribute products, promote services and improve overall efficiency. Of course, it is also crucial for customers too, whether it is a single tourist looking for flights, or a travel management company arranging business travel for multiple clients.
Through our "Key Technology Trends Emerging in the Travel Industry" article, you will be able to find out more about the very latest technology, how it is disrupting the industry, and how it can help travel companies.
The Latest Travel Trends
New technology, changing demographics and alterations to customer behaviour mean that companies in the airline industry and wider travel industry need to stay on top of the latest trends. After all, companies that fail to adapt to new ways of doing business risk being left behind when it comes to financial results too.
In our article "Travel Trends: Opportunities for the Travel Industry", you will be able to find out more about the latest trends, along with ways that airlines and other businesses can use them to their advantage.
The Value of Travel Software Packages
Increasingly, the best travel companies are recognising the value of software for improving efficiency and accuracy. From revenue management software helping to optimise financial results, through to marketing, distribution and reputation management solutions, these packages can make a significant difference to overall business results.
The "Travel Technology & Software" section of the Revfine website will provide you with valuable information and tips about travel software applications, their importance, and how they can be used to great effect.
The airline industry encompasses all businesses offering regular, paid air travel services to customers. Nevertheless, it is also an extremely diverse industry, as there are a number of different airline types and business models.
The Impact of Corona Virus (COVID-19) on the Travel Industry
The corona virus epidemic has made a huge impact on the travel industry. Almost all governments around the world have ordered their borders to close and airlines to stop operating. This has resulted in many important local and international events, such as the world-famous travel expo, ITB Berlin and the Olympics in Japan to either get postponed or cancelled because of corona virus fears. With more and more people losing their jobs and facing financial insecurity, it's not surprising to see a large number of business and personal trips that people had scheduled to take in 2020 or even 2021 get cancelled.
Most tour operators and travel agencies are experiencing a steep decline in revenue. The knock on effect is the result of airlines being forced to ground flights, which also affects the hotels and restaurants negatively. This means significant revenue loss for the travel, tourism, hotel, hospitality and airline industry. Some travel companies have been left with no choice but to wait it out, despite struggling to stay open.
In the category "Corona" you find a selection of tips which helps businesses operating in the hospitality and travel industry to recover and prepare for better times.
Want to Learn More About Related Industries?
The travel industry exist out of many other industries, like the hotel, hospitality and airline industry. All of these industries have in common that they are large service industries in the world and increasingly important in the modern age. In the following articles you learn more about related industries.
- Hotel Industry; An Overview of All Different Types of Accommodations
- Hospitality Industry; Everything You Need to Know About Hospitality
- Tourism Industry; Everything You Need to Know About Tourism
- What is the Difference Between the Travel and Tourism Industry?
- Travel Industry; An Overview of One of the Largest Service Industries
- Everything You Need to Know About the Cruise Industry
- Space Tourism: 5 Space Companies That Will Make You An Astronaut