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Biochemical responses obtained in laboratory exams are an essential part of the assessment of a horse´s physical conditioning. They indicate systemic alterations and energy expenditure of the animal according to the type of exercise performed in training or competitions (FERRAZ et al., 2010).
All exercise generates energy through the aerobic and anaerobic metabolic pathways. Exercise intensity and duration determine which is predominant (CAIADO et al., 2011). Equestrian tests, where the exercise of high intensity and short duration, that require rapid energy production and adequate energy consumption to meet the demand of the intense muscular activity, and because it cannot be provided sufficiently by the aerobic pathway, requires the anaerobic pathway (BARBOSA et al., 2016).
Anaerobic glycolysis is the main anaerobic energy production mechanism (BARBOSA et al., 2016), and during this occurs endogenous production of acid, mainly lactic acid. The disassociation of lactic acid generates hydrogen protons (H+) and lactate. Increase in H+ concentration decreases the pH that, if excessive, can generate muscular fatigue and alter the body acid base balance (ABB) (BAYLY & KLINE, 2007). Very commonly the term lactate is used in various literatures as a synonym for lactic acid. Within the physiological range of blood (7.35 to 7.45) and muscle (6.6 to 7.2) pH, more than 99% of lactic acid is dissociated into lactate ion and hydrogen ion (FERGUSON et al., 2018). Therefore, the term lactate is commonly used instead of lactic acid because it is in this form that this substance is present in the body (DOS SANTOS, 2019). The increased lactate production coincides with cellular acidosis and remains a good indirect marker for cell metabolic conditions that induce metabolic acidosis. However, the terms "lactate" or "lactic acid" need to be removed from any association with the cause of acidosis (ROBERGS et al., 2019).
Alterations in ABB are directly related to exercise intensity and can be diagnosed in hemogasometry, blood lactate concentration, strong ion difference and anion gap examinations (CONSTABLE, 2000; SCHÜCK e MATOUSOVIC, 2005).
It has been reported that acidosis in athlete horses generated by high-intensity exercise is more intense in the first five minutes after the end of the activity, as the ABB returns to normality in the first hour after exercise (ROSE, 1987). It is important to verify whether this fact also occurs in horses that perform high intensity and short duration exercise in different equestrian sports in which the tests are over short courses, including barrel racing, balize and vaquejada, in the different regions of Brazil.
The barrel racing modality is well-known in the Brazilian regions, being very often practiced in the Northeast, where hot and humid climate prevails. The equine race considered ideal for this equestrian mode is the Quarter Horse, which develops high speed in short distances and rapid acceleration, deceleration and change of direction (STRICKLIN, 1997; NIELSEN & LUKASKI, 2006; SILVA et al., 2013), and has a good proportion of type IIX muscle fibers, that have low oxidative capacity and high glycolytic capacity, important for intense exercise in a short time (LINDINGER, 2004).
The regulation of the barrel racing authorizes the use of the same horse to carry out up to two courses in the race, which favors to avoid overload of effort to the animal. However, a high production of high lactic acid during physical exertion can imbalance the base acid balance and possibly one hour of rest is not enough to recompose this balance. Therefore, the evaluation of these animals under training and in the barrel racing tests is useful to verify: What is the ABB level in horses after two three-drum courses? Is one hour of rest sufficient for balance recomposition ? The present study aimed to answer these questions.
The experiment was carried out at the Quatro Irmãos Horse Riding, located in the municipality of Raposa, latitude: -6.51667. longitude: -44.1833 6° 31′ 0″ South, state of Maranhão, Brazil. The horses´ daily diet consisted of bulk: Tifton 85 hay (2% of the bodyweight of the horse), divided in two supplies a day at 9 a.m. and 5 p.m.; and concentrate (Equimax Premium - IRCA Nutrição Animal, associated to Equimax Balance - IRCA Nutrição Animal), with 135 g/Kg crude protein and 3.970 Kcal Kg-1) digestible energy, supplied at 4.0 kg/day: 1.5 kg at 6 a.m.; 1.0 kg at 11 a.m.; 1.5kg at 3 p.m.; 60 g daily of mineral salt (IRCAFÓS EQUOS 72 ADE - IRCA Nutrição Animal) associated with the concentrate, supplied to the animals in the morning; water ad libitum.
Ten Quarter Horse were used in the research, all raised in the same stud farm where the study was carried out. Horses were housed in masonry stalls 4.5x5.0 meters (m), with floors covered by sawdust, feeder, and automatic water cooler, and were trained once a day from Monday to Friday, generally for two to two and a half hour, in the mornings, performing warm-up and barrel racing. Everyone had been on this training routine for at least a year. They had participated in the last race in January 2016 and remained in training the following month. The study was conducted in March 2016.
The equines were assessed (five animals/day, on two consecutive mornings): seven males and three mares, five to eight years old (mean age of 7,1), 360-492 kg body weight (mean weight = 419,60), healthy and adapted to barrel racing test. On the morning of the first day of the study, the temperature before the start of the training was 25 °C and 30 °C at the end; and on the second day it was 24 °C and 30 °C at the end of training; both days were sunny, but it was the rainy season.
The times (T) of the clinical assessments and the collection of venous blood were performed: at rest, before the start of physical activity (T0); immediately (maximum of three minutes) after a warmup trotting for 10 minutes and then running the barrel racing course twice with a 10 minute interval walking in shade in a covered location (T1); and after one hour's rest, held by the halter and kept in a shaded place (T2).
The training of barreling was carried out in a similar way with that used in competition of this modality: on soft and terrain, three barrels were positioned to form a triangle. The barrels 1 and 2 formed the base of the triangle and were 27.5 m equidistant. The barrel 3, positioned as the top of the triangle, was 32.0m away from each of the other barrels. The start-finish line was demarcated parallel to an imaginary line between the drums 1 and 2, at 18.30m from these, in the opposite direction to the tip of the triangle. On each course the horse and knight sets bypassed the first drum in a 360° turn from left to right, then the second and third also by 360°, but from right to left, and then headed for the finish line. In each course the horse-rider sets rounded the first drum in a 360° turn from left to right, then the second and third also 360°, but from right to left, and headed for the line arrival, and after this, they immediately proceeded to a covered sand area next to the runway for procedures for evaluating the animals and collecting the samples.
Clinical parameters such as heart rate, respiratory rate, mucosal staining and humidity, capillary filling time, rectal temperature, absence of pain and inappetence, and laboratory tests such as hematocrit, glycemia and proteinemia were evaluated. All ten animals had these normal parameters. In T1, heart and respiratory rate were evaluated for one minute immediately (between 15 and 20 seconds) after the second course, and the rectal temperature for three minutes (SPEIRS, 1997).
The hemogasometry was assessed using blood samples collected anaerobically, after skin antisepsis, by puncturing the jugular vein with a 30x7 needle in previously heparinized 3 mL disposable plastic syringes. After collection, a small quantity of blood from each animal was immediately placed individually in a cartridge model CG4+ (cartridge for hemogasometry - Abaxiz Brasil) in the hemogasometry apparatus (I-STAT - Abaxis Brasil) to obtain the following hemogasometric parameters: hydrogenionic potential (pH), plasma bicarbonate concentration (HCO3 -), partial carbon dioxide pressure (pCO2), base titratable concentration (cBase), total carbon dioxide concentration (tCO2), partial oxygen pressure (pO2) and oxyhemoglobin saturation (sO2).
Blood samples were collected, after skin antisepsis, by puncturing the jugular vein, placed in flask containing sodium fluoride to obtain plasma (vacuum siliconized flask - 4.0 ml - sodium fluoride - Vacuette), and in siliconized flasks without anticoagulant to obtain serum (vacuum siliconized flask - 4.0 ml without anticoagulant - Vacuette). The serum and plasma aliquots were kept frozen at -20 °C until the time of the laboratory analyses, at the Laboratory of Clinical Analyses at the Federal University of Viçosa, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The following were measured in the serum: concentrations ([ ]) of the sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) by flame photometry (B462 Flame Photometer Micronal, São Paulo, Brazil). Serum chloride (Cl-) and plasma lactate (Lac-) were determined by biochemical multi analyzer (HumanStar 300; Human GmbH, Wesbaden, DEU).
After obtaining the ion values, the strong ion differences (SID) were calculated by the formula: SID (mEq L-1) = ([Na+] + [K+]) - ([Cl-] + [Lac-]), and the lactate was included in the SID calculation because during the anaerobiose mechanism in intense exercises lactate can accumulate in the muscle fiber in large concentrations, and also in the blood, therefore it should not be omitted from the SID calculation (LINDINGER, 2004). The anion gap (AG) was calculated by the formula: AG (mEq L-1) = ([Na+] + [K+]) - ([Cl-] + [HCO3 -]) (CONSTABLE, 2000; SCHÜCK e MATOUSOVIC, 2005). The plasma bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3 -]) obtained in the hemogasometry was used in the anion gap calculation.
In the statistical analysis, a completely randomized block design was used with three treatments (T0, T1. T2) in 10 replications (number of animals). The data for the variables studied were submitted to the test of normality. The normal data and the data normalized by mathematical transformations (logarithmic and arco seno), were submitted to ANOVA and the Tukey test at 5% probability. The analyses were made using program statistical analysis software (Statistical Analysis System Institute 2015 - SAS INSTITUTE SAS/STAT - EUA).
The research was approved by the Ethics Commission on Animal Experimentation - CEEA of the Veterinary Medicine Course at the State University of Maranhão, Brazil - UEMA, protocol number 10/2016.
According to the results shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3, the values obtained at the rest time (T0) for all parameters studied were in the range of normality for animals of the equine species. Hematological and biochemical values evaluated before exercise (T0) were within normal limits, and the following mean values and standard deviations were reported: Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC): 7.285±0.75x106; Hemoglobin (Hg): 11.70±1.35 g dL-1; Glomerular Volume (VG %): 33.60±2.88; total plasma proteins 7.55±0.31 mg dL-1; Glucose 78.80±6.71 mg dL-1; Creatinine (Cre): 1.41±0.17 mg dL-1 ; Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN): 34.70±7.45 mg dL-1; Sodium (Na): 136.40±2.86 mMol L-1; Chloride (Cl): 98.90±3.75 mMol L-1; Potassium (K): 3,78±0,21 mMol L-1; Total Calcium (tCa) 2.99±0.26 mMol L-1; Creatine Kinase (CK): 110.00±20.95 UI L-1; Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST): 245.20±61.56 UI L-1. There was no variation of the parameters between males and females nor between the days of study.
|(7.31-7.45 mMol L-1)*
|(24-30 mMol L-1)
|(41-53 mmHg)
|-4 - +4
|7.39a ± 0.02
|27.43a ± 1.80
|45.62a ± 2.04
|2.50a ± 2.17
|7.06b ± 0.10
|9.40b ± 1.97
|32.22c ± 4.53
|-20.60b ±3.13
|7.37a ± 0.03
|22.72a ± 2.61
|38.76b ± 3.43
|-2.60a ± 2.88
Assessment time (T): T0 (before the start of training); T1 (immediately after 10 minutes warmup followed by two courses, at 10 minutes intervals); T2 (one hour resting after T1); *Normal values in venous blood for horses at rest (KANEKO et al., 2008; CASTRO & GONZALEZ, 2015). Different letters in the same column indicate the different values (P<0.05) by the Tukey test.
|tCO2 (28-35 mMol L-1)*
|pO2 (35-40 mmHg)
|sO2 (26-74%)
|Lactate (0.5-1.5 mMol L-1)
|28.80a ± 1.81
|32.6b ± 3.7
|61.1a ± 6.4
|0.82c ± 0.12
|10.40b ± 1.96
|48.2a ± 5.3
|66.8a ± 7.6
|21.09a ± 4.87
|23.80a ± 2.70
|35.5b ± 3.1
|66.3a ± 5.5
|6.26b ± 1.87
*Normal venous blood values for horses at rest (LINDINGER, 2004; FRANKLIN & PELOSO, 2006; KANEKO et al., 2008; CASTRO & GONZALEZ, 2015). Times (T): T0 (before the training start); T1 (immediately after 10 minutes warmup, followed by two courses, at 10 minutes intervals); T2 (one hour resting after T1). Different letters in the same column indicate the different values (P<0.05) by the Tukey test.
|HR (28-40 bpm)*
|SID (37-43 mEq L-1)
|AG (5-16 mEq L-1)
|37.60c ± 3.37
|37.21b ± 0.39
|40.46a ± 2.88
|11.97c ± 3.93
|106.40a ± 12.54
|39.49a ± 0.71
|22.33b ± 3.05
|32.53a ± 3.89
|50.00b ± 8.89
|38.86a ± 0.80
|37.82a ± 3.12
|19.35b ± 3.81
*Reference values for resting horses (SPIERS, 1999; HINCHCLIFF et al., 2004; LINDINGER, 2004; THRALL, 2004; KANEKO et al., 2008; CASTRO & GONZALES, 2015). Times (T): T0 (before the training start); T1 (immediately after 10 minutes warmup followed by two courses, at 10 minutes intervals); T2 (one hour resting after T1). Different letters in the same column indicate the different values (P<0.05) by the Tukey test.
Immediately after exercise (T1) there was a concomitant decrease in the pH values (acidemia), and in the HCO3 - and pCO2 concentrations (Table 1), that were different from those measured at T0 (P<0.05). The decrease in pH, HCO3 - and pCO2 was classified as metabolic acidosis and decreased HCO3 - concentration results from the increase in the H+ concentration (that decreases the pH). As a compensatory physiological response in an attempt to return to the normal pH is to eliminate carbon dioxide (CO2) by pulmonary ventilation, decreasing the blood pCO2 concentration (MARLIN & NANKERVIS, 2002; CARLOTTI, 2012). Similar results were reported by SILVA et al. (2013) and BARBOSA et al. (2016) who observed reduced pH and HCO3 - in horses due to the lactic acid increased in function of anaerobic exercise (post exercise metabolic acidosis).
The increase in lactic acid at T1 and T2 may be justified by the presence of post-exercise lactate increase (Table 2). However; although, lactic acidosis has been approached for years as a metabolic process in which H+ is released and lactate is the end product, which has been considered the cause of muscle fatigue during exercise, there are counterpoints that disagree with this cause-effect relationship. ROBERGS et al. (2004) stated that the proton balance in the muscle cell occurred as a function of the phosphogenic, glycolytic and mitochondrial respiration energy system in the production of cellular ATP. When the demand for ATP in muscle contraction is met by mitochondrial respiration, there is no proton accumulation in the cell, as the protons are used by mitochondria for oxidative phosphorylation and maintaining the proton gradient in the membrane. As exercise becomes more intense, the need for ATP regeneration of glycolysis and the phosphogenic system increases to meet the demand for muscle contraction. But in glycolysis; although, intermediate acid production occurs, no molecule is always in acid form and does not function as a proton source. Thereby, the production of protons released in glycolysis occurs without any metabolic acid production.
Based on the proposal of ROBERGS et al. (2004), the absence of acid production could lead to non-production of lactic acid in glycolysis. So where would lactate come from? ROGARTZKI et al. (2015) showed that lactate is formed in the reaction Pyruvate + NADH (Nicotinamide-Adenine-Reduced Dinucleotide) + H+, generating Lactate + NAD (oxidized), catalyzed by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase, and its accumulation in the cell depends on glycolysis rate, oxidative enzymatic activity, cellular oxygen and net rate of its transport out of the cell. The authors also pointed out that; although, present in an anaerobic process, lactate would always be produced in the presence or lack of oxygen, as oxygen is not limited to oxidative phosphorylation in most cellular conditions, and would be the end product of glycolysis under metabolic conditions.
The reduction in the HCO3 - concentration was due to the need of buffering by these increased H+ protons (MARLIN & NANKERVIS, 2002), justifying their reduction at T1 and without full recomposition to normal concentrations in T2, which lowered the pH at T2 (Table 1). Decrease in cBase at T1 (P<0.05) may have occurred due to the reduction of HCO3 -, because this is the most quantitative and important H+ buffer in the organism (CARLOTTI, 2012), confirming that the variation in the cBase can accompany the HCO3 - direction variation in horses after exercise (KUPCZYNSKI e SPITALNIAK, 2015; LINHARES et al., 2017).
Decrease in pH, HCO3 - and cBase with concomitant reduction in pCO2 reinforced the occurrence of metabolic acidosis in the present study, corroborating the studies by SILVA et al. (2009) who also reported decrease in these parameters in the venous blood of horses after submitting them to maximum exercise on a treadmill. The decrease in these parameters reaffirms the effect of lactic acid diffusion in the blood originating from the muscle cells under the predominance of the anaerobic glucose metabolism, causing lactic acidosis (MARLIN & NANKERVIS, 2002; BARBOSA et al., 2016; LINHARES et al., 2017).
The reduction in the pCO2 value after exercise (T1), corroborates the study by SILVA et al. (2013) who also reported this response in Quarter Horse at the end of barrel racing. At T2, the pCO2 had not yet been restored (P<0.05); although, the pH was already recomposed (Table 1). It can be inferred from the results at the respective times that reduction in pCO2 participated in reducing metabolic acidosis through hyperventilation imposed by the respiratory or pulmonary control as a compensatory response, considered a defense mechanism when there is variation in H+ on the bulb, that starts minutes after an acid base alteration (FURONI et al., 2010).
Although, reduced in T1, pCO2 was close to the minimum normal limit, when there was only a small reduction in HCO3 -, and pH was normal, signaling the occurrence of simple metabolic acidosis, which occurs when the decrease in pCO2 is small or non-existent in the presence of H+ and HCO3 - reduction (THRALL, 2004). However, the cBase increased at T1 post exercise (P<0.05), reaching -20.60 (Table 1), a high value compared to the normal, but at T2 it was close to the base values or T1 (P>0.05). Thus, it is coherent to consider that the metabolic acidosis was transient.
Shortly after exercise (T1), the tCO2 concentration decreased (P<0.05) in relation to T0, and just like bicarbonate, was still not fully recomposed to normal concentrations in T2 (Table 2). Decrease in tCO2 is expected when there is decrease in the HCO3 - concentration, because a large part of CO2 is transported in the form of HCO3 -. Its variations are directly related both to arterial and vein blood (SUCUPIRA & ORTOLANI, 2003), as observed in the assessment of this parameter in the venous blood of horses in the present study.
The exercise increased the pO2 (P<0.05) at T1. SILVA et al. (2013) emphasized that increase in pO2 at the end of maximum exercise results from increase in pCO2. However, the pCO2 decreased at T1; therefore, the results are not in agreement. Conversely, MIRANDA et al. (2016) considered that increase in pO2 results from high O2 absorption.
There was also no significant increase (P>0.05) at T1 in the sO2 concentration (Table 3). SILVA et al. (2013) also reported no increase in sO2 in horses at the end of maximum exercise and emphasized that increase in pH promotes larger hemoglobin and oxygen affinity, leading to bigger saturation and increase in the sO2 rate. However, the increase in the pO2 after effort may have contributed to the sO2 not varying at the time studied, the bigger oxygen affinity for hemoglobin occurs with increase in pO2. reported and justified by MIRANDA et al. (2016) when assessing horses under intense exercise on a treadmill. At T2, the pO2 e sO2 values were restored to their base levels, due to rest (Table 2).
The normal concentration of lactate in the blood of resting horses is 0.5 to 1.5 mMol L-1 (LINDINGER, 2004). Hyperlactatemia is identified as a moderate rise of lactate to levels of 2-5 mMol L-1 without acidosis, and lactic acidosis occurs at lactate levels > 5 mMol L-1 and results in metabolic acidosis (FRANKLIN & PELOSO, 2006). The blood lactate concentration increased at T1 (P<0.05) (Table 3) reaching the limits of hyperlactatemia. Similarly, RODRIGUES et al. (2016) also verified increase of lactate in horses at the end of a simulated barrel racing training. The increase was due to the use of phosphocreatine stock and anaerobic glycolysis for rapid energy production (GOMIDE et al., 2006; PEREIRA et al., 2018), as well as described in Quarter Horse performing barrel racing (BUENO et al., 2012) and Team Ropping test (PEREIRA et al., 2018), which like that of barrel racing, is of high intensity and short duration.
Lactate decreased considerably at T2 compared to T1 (P<0.05), but not enough to reduce the increased lactate level in the blood (hyperlactatemia), that remained higher when compared to T0 (P<0.05) and at a value higher than the physiological limit (Table 2). The lactate threshold is a metabolic method that refers to the point of loss of balance between production, use and removal of lactate due to the excess of lactate produced, and the level of lactate begins to rise exponentially in the blood (FERRAZ et al., 2008). Importantly, at the moment of increased proton release during exercise, lactate production also increases, but with important metabolic functions, such as preventing the accumulation of pyruvate and providing the necessary NAD for glycolysis. Therefore, lactate is not considered in this metabolic process as "villain", quite the contrary, it production is important and necessary to avoid triggering early muscle fatigue and loss in exercise performance (ROBERGS et al., 2004).
This result demonstrated that one hour of post exercise rest was not enough time for the lactate to return to the physiological concentrations. However, when the concentrations of T1 (21.09 mMol L-1) and T2 (6.26 mMol L-1), there was an expressive reduction of approximately 60% in T2, which may be related to good conditioning of the horse to this activity, since in well-conditioned horses there is a faster reduction in the lactate concentration in post exercise than in those that do not have good conditioning (HODGSON & ROSE, 1994). Conversely, this may possibly be related to the fact that the study was carried out in an initial period of training and competitions (March 2016); although, all the horses in the study were already from competitions. Therefore, it is probable that with a training activity and more frequent tests during the course of the year, a better adaptation could gradually improve the conditioning of the animals and; consequently, their responses of synthesis and recomposition of lactate to the normal limits more quickly after the courses.
Another parameter used to infer the intensity of exercise is heart rate (HR), widely accepted as an indicator of cardiovascular function, being very correlated with oxygen consumption and blood lactate concentration (MUKAI et al., 2007). In the present study, the HR in T2 was higher than in T1 (P<0.05); and although, already well reduced and close to the basal mean, it still remained larger than at T0 and not completely stabilized (P<0,05) after rest (Table 3), as occurred similarly to lactate.
According to MUKAI et al. (2007), lactate variation, a cost in ventilation, and increase in temperature due to strenuous muscular effort may influence HR response. These factors may have been very influential for HR results in the present study, justified by the variations found in lactate, pCO2, pO2 and sO2, and also in the rectal temperature that increased after exercise (P<0.05) and still remained increased after rest for one hour (P<0.05), as shown in table 3.
The SID decreased at T1 compared to T0 (P<0.05) and returned to the physiological limits at T2 (Table 3). According to CONSTABLE (2000), alterations in the strong or weak ions in the body can also affect the ABB, based on the principle of electroneutrality that considers that the sum of all the positive charges (cations) is equal to the sum of all the negative charges (anions). These alterations have been determined by calculating the difference in strong ions (SID) and anion gap (AG), even assessing horses in different sporting activities (LINDINGER, 2004).
The main strong cations in the blood are sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+), and the anions include chloride (Cl-), but also lactate when there is possible increase in this anion, especially regarding intense muscular activity (LINDINGER, 2004). The Na, K and Cl concentration remained at normal values at the three times studied and did not differ between the times. However, the lactate concentration increased between the four ions at T1 and T2 (P<0.05) and was the cause of decrease in the SID (Table 3).
The low SID at T1 (P<0.05) confirmed the presence of metabolic acidosis that can result from decreased strong cation or increased strong anion concentrations, and in the present case, there was increase in the lactate anion (SCHÜCK & MATOUSOVIC, 2005).
AG increased at T1 compared to T0 (P<0.05) and had not yet been recomposed at T2, when it remained bigger than the basal T0 but smaller than at T1 (Table 3). Similar results were obtained by SILVA et al. (2009) who observed increase in AG immediately after exercise in horses submitted to maximum exercise, and that remained increased 30 minutes after the effort. These authors attributed the AG increase to decrease in the bicarbonate concentration during its buffering action on the lactic acidosis. Similarly, the AG increased just after the end of the second course and was still increased up to one hour after rest (Table 1).
According to CARLOTTI (2012), increased plasma AG gap values indicate the presence of one or more anions not commonly measured in the plasma. In patients with metabolic acidosis, H+ reacts with HCO3 - and consequently there is a fall in the HCO3 - plasma concentration, that is replaced by the lactate anion, that causes increase in the anion gap. Hence it can be considered that the increase in the plasma lactate concentration was the influencing anion gap for the AG increase in the horses at the two times studied after two barrel racing training. Increase in the lactate blood concentration of over 5 mMol L-1 with concomitant increase in AG and pH<7.3 was characteristic of lactic acidosis (CHARLES & HEILMAN, 2005), as was observed in the results of the present study (Tables 1, 2 and 3).
After two training course in barrel racing, the Quarter Horses adapted to this type of equestrian race presented metabolic acidosis and hyperlactatemia. One hour of rest after the second course was enough to remove the acidemia, but not to restore the ABB completely from the effects of post exercise lactic acidosis, as the HCO3 -, pCO2, tCO2 and AG, and hyperlactatemia was still present after the rest for an hour.


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text: I shot Jenni and Jonny's wedding in Long Beach a while back and was incredibly honored to shoot their family photos with Bear. Yes...Bear. What a cool name for a kid and it was only fitting since his parents' style completely showed during the wedding. We headed to Malaga Cove on a gloomy and cool morning and had a great time shooting around the area.


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text: MONTICELLO, AR (Ben Caxton) — A Texas man was arrested in Monticello this week on multiple charges. Police say 33-year-old Albert Roland III was taken into custody after Monticello Police detectives executed a search warrant at his residence. Roland was charged with Breaking and Entering, 3 counts of Fraudulent Use of a Credit Card and Possession of Marijuana. He faces other charges in his native Texas as well.


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Natural collection starts from the ground. Here's my 3 year old APHA gelding "Down to Partee"
Patience and respect
Teaching patience and respect isn't just for youngsters, any horse can benefit!
I teach all my horse's to stand untied patiently until asked to move. If they lose focus it's regained with a snap of my fingers.
This method is the result of many steps leading up to it stemming from ground work in the round pen and teaching the voice command stop and there they learn to stand until commanded to do otherwise. We then go outside of the pen and enforce it in the grooming area. This way they know what is expected of them we just change the environment.
This helps them to stand tied with impeccable manners, helps them stay focused on you, keeps their respect for you and very convenient if you need them to stand where there is no place to tie.
This is the first step to ground tying as well so when you're on the trail and you get off you can drop your reins your horse will stand as if it's tied.
Remember there's preliminary steps leading up to this in order to set the horse up to succeed but be patient and consistent it will come.
Teach them right, teach them young and your farrier might answer your calls…
Two-track or half-pass with a clients warmblood
They follow by example… this yearling had fun learning about the bag so she had to show her friends what she learned!
Softness comes with just body language as well
Your control is in one rein not two
Progress with a biting horse. Teach them respect and boundaries
The first ride
The youngsters first ride should be as eventful as movie night with granny. What I mean by that is simply this, grandmas house is familiar, comfortable and you know what to expect. Low stress and you know you belong there. Keep that in mind when starting the process to swing the first leg over a young horse.
Think to yourself, is the horse prepared? Is the horse comfortable? Is the horse ready? Did you TAKE YOUR TIME setting this horse up to succeed? All these questions will, in the end, be answered by your horse. If the horse is thinking and not reacting you did your job well. If the horse takes off bucking and obviously not ready then you need to focus on basics longer.
Some people turn the horse's head to their saddle before getting on in order to keep the horse from blowing up while they get on for the first time. I don't agree with this personally. My reasoning being, if you're afraid of the horse reacting you didn't do your ground work long enough or detailed enough. Horses should stand quietly for mounting and dismounting, on a loose rein, head and neck in a relaxed position as if they've done this their whole lives. If you have the horse's head turned to get on you're focusing on the left eye and leaving the right eye out. Once you give that horse their head that right eye will eventually see you up there and that's where the reaction kicks in. But by then you gotta ride it out and lay in the bed you made yourself.
Rushing leaves holes in the horse's foundation and therefore not doing the horse justice and possibly creating bad habits down the road.
Moral of the story if you ask yourself this question, "am I 100% sure this horse will remain relaxed when I first throw a leg over?" before you get on for the first time and answer it "no". Do more groundwork. It never hurts.


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Maplandia.com in partnership with Booking.com offers highly competitive rates for all types of hotels in Saro, from affordable family hotels to the most luxurious ones. Booking.com, being established in 1996, is longtime Europe's leader in online hotel reservations. See the overview of Saro hotels in the following section.
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With Maplandia.com and Booking.com the best price is guaranteed! Saro hotel deals include also long stay accommodation Saro offers. Take advantage of our exclusive offers and long stay discounts for selected Saro hotels' suites.
Unbiased Saro hotel reviews written by real guests and many hotel photos are provided to help you make your booking decision.
Särö is located in Sweden.
List of all hotels in Saro. By default, Särö hotels are sorted by class: the most luxurious hotels in Saro are listed first. You can change the sorting order using the navigation bar above. By clicking the first (leftmost) button you can interchange the direction of sorting between ascending/descending.
There are separate sections devoted to Särö luxury hotels and Särö cheap hotels.
Beautifully situated on the picturesque Särö peninsula on Sweden's west coast, just 20 km from Gothenburg, this stylish hotel offers wonderful sea views and luxurious leisure facilities. Number of rooms: 113.
Just 20 minutes from the pulsating hub of Gothenburg and conveniently situated close to the sea in Billdal, lies the stylish Sjöbacken Hotell and Konferens.
This family-run hotel is situated directly at the train station Kungsbacka, just a 25-minute train ride from Central Station in Gothenburg. A sauna, a popular bar and rooms with flat-screen TVs will ensure a pleasant stay.
This hotel is located 1 km from the center of Kungsbacka, and 10 minutes walk from Kungsbacka sports. In the hotel you will find a bowling alley, squash courts and a golf simulator.
This 1901 manor house is on the Onsala Peninsula, 9 km from Kungsbacka. Overlooking the Kungsbacka Fjord, it offers a restaurant, a large garden and rooms with period décor and a private bathroom.
Situated 10 minutes drive from the E6 motorway, this hotel with 24 hours is close to Business Park and Industrial Hogsbo, 6 km south of Gothenburg. It also offers free private parking.
Near the center for leisure and Aby all'ippodromo, the Ibis Hotel Mölndal offers excellent sports facilities. Stay only 7 km from Gothenburg, close to local transport and you have free parking.
Enjoy day trips to Gothenburg's stunning archipelago from the Scandic Mölndal Hotel. The glass atrium lets in natural light that streams into the modern Scandic Mölndal Hotel lobby and restaurant.
These modern apartments are 5 minutes' drive from central Gothenburg. All include a fully equipped kitchen and a flat-screen TV with free internet access. Nya Varvsallén Tram Stop is 400 metres away.
We search over 500 approved car hire suppliers to find you the very best Saro rental prices available. You can compare offers from leading car hire suppliers like Avis, Europcar, Sixt or Thrifty as well as budget rental deals from Holiday Autos, Budget, Economy, EasyCar, or 121 carhire. Choose Saro car hire supplier according to your preferences. The booking process is secured and is made as simple as possible. You don't have to browse through several websites and compare prices to find cheap car hire at Saro - we will do it for you!
In the following list, car rental offices nearest to Saro are sorted by the approximate distance from thi city centre.
Maplandia.com is not sponsored by or affiliated with Google.


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15 April 2015 - 5 Tricks To A More Secure Website
The internet does create a world of opportunities, however a key issue that constantly needs to be addressed is one of security. WhiteHat Security describes website security as an ever-moving target. Statistics show that 86% of websites had at least one key vulnerability, although the occurrence of vulnerabilities has been reducing it is important to stay protected and visible on the web, there is a need to efficiently defend websites and make them safer for users on the platform. Running a website is not for the faint-hearted, Jovago.com brings you a few tips and tricks to make your websites more secure and less vulnerable to threats!
Keep your personal computers protected and updated
It is important that the personal computer you work from is in the best state possible. It is always a good idea to look at the sharing options to make sure that you are the sole user of the system. Keeping your operating systems up to date also reduces its vulnerability. Getting a great and complete antivirus is also a step in the right direction to ensure the safety of not just your personal computer but also the work you do on it. You can't imagine how many malwares and vulnerability threats that are blocked by virtue of the anti-virus on PCs. A good antivirus makes a perfect complement to a great PC, armed with these you're ready to boost your productivity levels!
Unique passwords
Inasmuch as it is advised to have complex and unique passwords which cannot be easily replicable, it is hard to pass over the stereotypical '12345678' password!! Passwords should contain digits & special characters which make them hard to decipher or at least capable of giving hackers a run for their money.
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If all else fails, buying a reputable website protection software would make up for any lapses made. Remember 'reputable' is the keyword here. Do your research and make sure you website will actually be protected if you decide to jump in and invest in the software!
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Bachelors Degree
Science, Engineering & Bio Technology
Sub Category:
Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
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Duration:- 4 years
Eligibility:- Pass 10 + 2 in Science with Physics, Chemistry & Mathematics
Admission Criteria:- Admission through CET Conducted by Tamilnadu State Government.
Seats:- 90
Jayaram College of Engineering & Technology was established in 1994 and it is affiliated to Anna University, Trichyi. The college is approved by All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE). The college is situated 35 kilometres from Trichy on the Trichy- Thuraiyur Road and it is an ISO 9001:2000 Certified Institution.The college provides quality education in the field of engineering to the students and was founded by Gandhi Rural Development Educational Trust, No.10, Mambhazhasalai, Trichy.
The faculty, with adequate industrial exposure are highly qualified, dedicated and committed to the students fraternity. There is equal emphasis on theoretical concepts as well as practical insights which makes our programmes the right weapons to conquer the career goals.
They prepare the students using science and technology in the development of our nation with social, ethical andmoral values. The college have achieved and maintained the supremacy and reputation as a leading institution in the country. They impart value added quality professional education to students by providing them the required acumen to become valuable professionals in the future.
The faculty, with adequate industry exposure are highly qualified, dedicated and committed to the students fraternity. There is equal emphasis on theoretical concepts as well as practical insights, making the academic programmes the right weapons to conquer the career goals.
The college arranges co-curricular and extracurricular activities to provide students and other members of the college exposure to a variety of social, cultural, intellectual, recreational opportunities and challenges. These activities are planned and executed through a number of associations, clubs, societies and students' chapters of professional bodies. They are owned and managed by representatives of students and are monitored by the faculty in-charge.
A variety of teaching and learning techniques are employed to impart knowledge and skills to students at Jayaram College Of Engineering And Technology in its various departments.
Address : Pagalavadi Post, Thuraiyur,
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@least marks for cet to get admission in medical
Ans :
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Dear Vishal,
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text: Update Monday Evening Roundup By KUNM News • Jul 15, 2013 Flash Flooding, Mudslides Close A road In Pecos- The Associated Press Flash flooding and mudslides have shut down a portion of State Road 63 in Pecos. New Mexico State Police say the closure is from mile post 15 northbound. They say the flash flooding and mudslides are presenting dangerous driving conditions for motorists and residents. State police said Monday that the affected portion of State Road 63 will remain closed until further notice. Friday Morning Roundup By KUNM News • Jul 12, 2013 UNM Archiving Ex-Sen. Jeff Bingaman Papers - Associated Press and The Albuquerque Journal The University of New Mexico is archiving more than 1,000 boxes worth of documents from Jeff Bingaman's time in the U.S. Senate. The Albuquerque Journal reports that the university held a ceremony Thursday at the Zimmerman Library to mark the archival project for the former Democratic senator. Thursday Morning Roundup By KUNM News • Jul 11, 2013 Taos Pueblo To Honor Nixon's 100th Birthday - Associated Press A northern New Mexico American Indian tribe is scheduled to honor the late President Richard Nixon for what would have been his 100th birthday. The Taos Pueblo is set to pay tribute to the California-born Republican on Friday with a special honor at a pow wow. Nixon is highly regarded among the Taos Pueblo and other American Indians for agreeing to return to some lands to tribes. In 1970, for example, he returned around 48,000 acres of sacred lands to the Taos Pueblo. Wednesday Morning Roundup By KUNM News • Jul 10, 2013 Feds Propose Protections For 2 rare Snakes - Associated Press Federal wildlife officials are proposing to add a pair of rare snakes found in the American Southwest to the list of threatened species. The northern Mexican gartersnake and the narrow-headed gartersnake are found in Arizona and New Mexico. Their populations have declined thanks to predators such as nonnative bullfrogs as well as threats to their streamside habitat. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service will accept comments on the proposal through Sept. 9. Tuesday Morning Roundup By KUNM News • Jul 9, 2013 Kirtland AFB Begins Furloughs Under US Budget Cuts - Associated Press and The Albuquerque Journal Kirtland Air Force Base officials say nearly 2,100 civilian employees began taking unpaid days off later this week as a result of the federal government's automatic budget cuts. According to the Albuquerque Journal, Kirtland officials say the furlough day off each week through September amounts to a 20 percent pay cut. Monday Morning Roundup By KUNM News • Jul 8, 2013 USDA Includes 2 NM Counties In Drought Aid Areas - Associated Press Two northern New Mexico counties are included in new federal government designations of primary disaster areas due to damages and losses caused by the ongoing drought. The USDA says farmers and ranchers in Rio Arriba and Taos counties are eligible to apply for low-interest emergency loans. The USDA's announcement also includes 14 Colorado counties along four in Utah and three in Wyoming. Wednesday Morning Roundup By Elaine Baumgartel • Jul 3, 2013 Martinez Urges July 4th Fireworks Ban Amid Drought - The Associated Press Gov. Susana Martinez has announced that all fireworks and campfires will be banned on state lands as July 4th approaches and crews continue to battle wildfires across New Mexico. Martinez urged residents not to use any fireworks and instead to attend any number of professional fireworks shows around the state. Tuesday Evening Roundup By KUNM News • Jul 2, 2013 NM Court Asks For Response To Gay Marriage Lawsuit-The Associated Press New Mexico's highest court has asked the attorney general and the Santa Fe County clerk to respond to a lawsuit seeking to legalize same-sex marriage. The state Supreme Court on Tuesday said their legal arguments in the case should be submitted by July 22. No hearing has been scheduled. Two Santa Fe men filed a lawsuit last week asking the court to order Santa Fe County Clerk Geraldine Salazar to issue them a marriage license. Tuesday Morning Roundup By KUNM News • Jul 2, 2013 Crews Contain Blaze In Valles Caldera Preserve - Associated Press It has taken firefighters a month to corral a wildfire that has burned through the heart of northern New Mexico's Jemez Mountains. Fire managers declared the Thompson Ridge Fire 100 percent contained on Monday. The blaze burned more than 37 square miles in the Valles Caldera National Preserve after being sparked May 31 by a downed power line. At one point, it threatened historic cabins and barns at the preserve but crews were able to save the structures. Monday Evening Roundup By KUNM News • Jul 1, 2013 Gov. Martinez Orders NM Flags Flown At Half-Staff-The Associated Press Gov. Susana Martinez has ordered that New Mexico state flags be flown at half-staff until sunset Friday in honor of the firefighters killed while fighting an Arizona wildfire. The 19 fallen firefighters were members of the Granite Mountain Interagency Hotshot Crew, which is part of the Prescott Fire Department in northern Arizona. They were killed Sunday while battling a wildfire in the small town of Yarnell. Friday Evening Roundup By KUNM News • Jun 28, 2013 NM 11th Graders Improve In Reading Proficiency-The Associated Press Gov. Susana Martinez's administration says New Mexico high school students made significant improvements in their reading proficiency on standardized tests this year but there were declines for fourth, fifth and sixth grade students. The governor on Friday announced the results of math and reading tests taken by 195,000 students in grades 3-8 and 10-11. Friday Morning Roundup By KUNM News • Jun 28, 2013 NM Mental Health System Audit, Fix Could Hit $21M - Associated Press and The Albuquerque Journal State officials say the potential price tag for fixing problems within New Mexico's behavioral health system could reach nearly $21 million. The Albuquerque Journal reports that an audit of 15 providers cost around $3 million to produce. That audit alleged potential fraud and resulted this week in the halting of Medicaid payments and other funding to the 15 nonprofits. Thursday Evening Roundup By KUNM News • Jun 27, 2013 IG Pushes Los Alamos To Do More On Safety-The Associated Press Another federal report is criticizing Los Alamos for not doing enough to protect the public from dangerous releases of radiation in the event of wildfires or an earthquake. Thursday Morning Roundup By KUNM News • Jun 27, 2013 Item That Exploded On FedEx Truck In NM Was A Tire - Associated Press Authorities say an item that exploded on a parked FedEx truck in Albuquerque was a tire. There are no reported injuries. Albuquerque police say the explosion was reported just before 7 p.m. Wednesday. A police bomb squad was called to the scene to assess the situation along with an Albuquerque Fire Department hazmat crew. Authorities say the driver of the FedEx truck lives in the area and typically parks his vehicle at the location of the explosion. Wednesday Evening Roundup By KUNM News • Jun 26, 2013 Obama Announces New Council For Native Americans - The Associated Press Citing a history of mistreatment that has hurt Indians, President Barack Obama has established a White House Council on Native American Affairs to promote a healthier relationship among the United States and tribal governments. The leaders of 30 federal departments and agencies will serve on the council, which is charged with aiding tribes with economic development, transportation, housing and health care. Pages« first ‹ previous … 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 next › last »


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Alison J. Kriegel, Ph.D.
|Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Mean distance: 17.99 (cluster 19)
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|Andrew S. Greene
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|Medical College of Wisconsin (Physiology Academic Tree)
|(Substitution of brown Norway chromosome 16 preserves cardiac function with aging in a salt-sensitive Dahl consomic rat.)
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|Abais-Battad JM, Alsheikh AJ, Pan X, et al. (2019) Dietary Effects on Dahl Salt-Sensitive Hypertension, Renal Damage, and the T Lymphocyte Transcriptome. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979). HYPERTENSIONAHA11912
|Lai PY, Jing X, Michalkiewicz T, et al. (2019) Adverse Early Life Environment Impairs Postnatal Lung Development in Mice. Physiological Genomics
|Liu Y, Kriegel AJ, Liang M. (2019) Library Preparation for Multiplexed Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing with a Universal Adapter. Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.). 2018: 177-194
|Ilatovskaya DV, Levchenko V, Pavlov TS, et al. (2019) Salt-deficient diet exacerbates cystogenesis in ARPKD via epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). Ebiomedicine
|Nasci VL, Chuppa S, Griswold L, et al. (2019) miR-21-5p Regulates Mitochondrial Respiration and Lipid Content in H9C2 Cells. American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology
|Baker MA, Wang F, Liu Y, et al. (2018) MiR-192-5p in the Kidney Protects Against the Development of Hypertension. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979). HYPERTENSIONAHA11811
|Kriegel AJ, Terhune SS, Greene AS, et al. (2018) Isomer-specific effect of microRNA miR-29b on nuclear morphology. The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|Widlansky ME, Jensen DM, Wang J, et al. (2018) miR-29 contributes to normal endothelial function and can restore it in cardiometabolic disorders. Embo Molecular Medicine
|Chuppa S, Liang M, Liu P, et al. (2017) MicroRNA-21 regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, a molecular mechanism of cardiac pathology in Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 4. Kidney International
|Usa KS, Liu Y, Kurth T, et al. (2017) Renal Delivery of Anti-microRNA Oligonucleotides in Rats. Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.). 1527: 409-419


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Listings in Hotels & Travel, Hot Air Balloons and Catering near Tubac
Tubac Golf Resort & Spa (0.34 mi)
in Golf, Day Spas, Venues & Event Spaces, Resorts, Ceremony & Reception Sites, Destination Spas
A boutique resort, home of the movie "Tin Cup," features 98 Haciendas, 27-holes of golf, fabulous cuisine and world class spa.
One Otero Rd.
Tubac, Arizona 85646
DoubleTree Suites by Hilton Tucson Airport (36.21 mi)
in Venues & Event Spaces, Hotels, Ceremony & Reception Sites
It's what's inside that counts. Courtyards provide mature trees, gorgeous fountain settings and lovable indoor – outdoor venues for your wedding.
7051 S. Tucson Blvd.
Tucson, Arizona 85756
Best Western Plus Tucson Int'l Airport (36.52 mi)
in Venues & Event Spaces, Hotels, Ceremony & Reception Sites
Pack your bags and feel good knowing you're heading to our Premier Best Western location.
6801 S. Tucson Blvd.
Tucson, Arizona 85756
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Cat Mountain Lodge Bed and Breakfast (40.11 mi)
in Bed & Breakfast, Ceremony & Reception Sites
Eco-friendly accommodations, restored 1950's haciendas. Charming cafe, free breakfast. Near Desert Museum. Art, antiques, shopping.
2720 S. Kinney Rd.
Tucson, Arizona 85735
The Carriage House (42.42 mi)
in Cooking Schools, Caterers, Venues & Event Spaces, Catering, Ceremony & Reception Sites
James Beard Award Winning Chef Janos Wilder's historic event space in downtown Tucson is the perfect wedding venue with extraordinary food.
125 S Arizona Avenue
Tucson, Arizona 85701
Hotel Congress (42.53 mi)
in Venues & Event Spaces, Hotels, Ceremony & Reception Sites
Located in the east end of downtown. Cup Cafe, Club Congress, Copper Hall, and Historic Accommodations.
311 E. Congress Street
Tucson, Arizona 85701
Radisson Suites Tucson (45.20 mi)
in Venues & Event Spaces, Hotels, Ceremony & Reception Sites
In the center of it all, we are located on the east side of Tucson with many local restaurants and shops nearby.
6555 E. Speedway Blvd.
Tucson, Arizona 85710
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The Desert Sanctuary At Rincon Peak (49.52 mi)
in Venues & Event Spaces, Campgrounds, RV Parks, Ceremony & Reception Sites
Nestled on 120 private acres at the base of the Rincon Mountains and only 45 minutes east of Tucson. Camping and RV parking available. Fully equipped cabins available. Come and explore southern Arizona at its best!
12050 S. Desert Sanctuary Road
Benson, Arizona 85602
Delectables Catering and Venue (46.74 mi)
in Venues & Event Spaces, Bakeries, Catering, Ceremony & Reception Sites
Entertaining in a unique Italian villa style venue for weddings or any occasion in a private lush garden and dining room.
427 E. Limberlost Dr.
Tucson, Arizona 85705
Gourmet Girls Gluten Free Bakery / Bistro (48.68 mi)
in Gluten-Free, Bakeries, Cakes, Catering, Bistros
Visit our warm and inviting bakery/bistro for real fresh food. Served by the friendliest staff in town.
5845 N. Oracle Rd.
Tucson, Arizona 85704


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Ashleigh Barty has survived an injury scare and a spirited challenge from Maria Sakkari to scrap her way into the Australian Open fourth round for the first time.
Her movement was restricted to some degree but she later said she only needed some "reassurance and support" and it was not enough to prevent her from advancing to the last 16 at Melbourne Park for the first time in her blossoming career.
Barty took a medical time-out after the first set, seemingly struggling with a hip flexor or abdominal issue, but from that point on she powered through the match.
"It's an wonderful sound in here when the roof is closed...it's absolutely phenomenal, to hear all the Aussies out here it's unbelievable", Barty said after qualifying for the fourth round of the Australian Open for the first time.
Following the match the 22-year-old admitted the indoor conditions had her stumped, but says she was spurred on by the level of noise inside the raucous indoor stadium.
Rihanna Reportedly in Talks to Launch Her Own Luxury Fashion Line
Rihanna herself has used the Fenty name to sell her uber-successful lingerie and cosmetics lines, as well as sneakers. She also may be starting a luxury clothing line in the near future, but it's not going to come cheap.
Barty's serve was excellent, as she sent down 13 aces and did not give up a double fault, although the statistic of 20 unforced errors will need to be looked at ahead of her fourth-round match.
Barty moves on to play either Maria Sharapova or defending champion Caroline Wozniacki, who were set to play their third-round match later Friday at Rod Laver Arena.
When she broke again in the sixth game, all she had to do was hold serve to close out the victory.
"It came out alright in that second set so no stress at all".
"Ice bath, physio, coffee, then cricket", she said.
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Pentagon unveils large-scale plan to track, shoot down missiles in spaceThe official stressed the viability of space-based missile defence weaponry was only being studied and no decisions had been made. The United States is also working to advance its space-based, anti-missile systems to improve its tiered defense method.
President Trump to honor Clemson Tigers at White House on MondayTwo years ago, it took until May for things to be set for Clemson football's White House visit . The parade started at the intersection of College Avenue and Keith Street in Clemson.
Cousins calls Warriors the 'most hated team in sports'I'm going to do what I do. "As far as trying to come in and be a savior or anything like that, that's not where my mindset is". Curry and his teammates are three-point shooting gurus and continue to dazzle every single night on the floor.
NBA Announces Extended Long-Term Partnership with 2KThe NBA , NBPA and 2K, an owned label of Take-Two Interactive, announced a multi-year global partnership extension. See www.take2games.com/legal and www.take2games.com/privacy for additional details.
John Wick: Chapter 3 - Parabellum Trailer #1 (2019) | Movieclips TrailersChapter 2 ended with John killing Santino D'Antonio, a member of the enigmatic worldwide assassins guild known as the High Table. Berry first confirmed her involvement in the film back in May, posting a note to social media that read, "See you in a year, Mr.
Petition urges Super Bowl LIII halftime performers to take knee during setFor his part, Scott added a statement about the issue: "I back anyone who takes a stand for what they believe in". These performers are CHOOSING to do this for a 'look'. "The NFL basically blackballed him", he told the outlet.
Jose Mourinho speaks about Manchester United and his futureIt's helping me stay fit and stay sharp because if you're not sharp they'll definitely be on you. Asked about retiring, Mourinho said: " No I want to coach, I'm too young ".
Serbia detains terrorist prepping Putin assassinationAware of his people's affection for Russia, Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic has often talked up his relationship with Putin. On Monday, he described the details of a recent Moscow visit in an interview with the pro-government Pink TV.
Game of Thrones showrunners assure a real season 8 trailer is comingWe've seen some ominous teasers for season 8 - including the most recent one revealing the official final season premiere date. That you'd just go to the theater, sit down and get by and large surprised by the movie you're there to see.
Goldman Sachs reports higher trading revenue, shares jumpShares of Goldman Sachs were last seen up about 8% at $194.21, with a consensus analyst price target of $231.35. It is the first quarter of results for David Solomon, who took over as Goldman's chief executive October 1.
Australian Open 2019: Johanna Konta knocked out by Garbine MuguruzaThat was set back in 2008 when Lleyton Hewitt and Marcos Baghdatis played a five-set match that finished at 4.33am. The 18th seed took her first match point to win in two hours 42 minutes.


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Evening Prater Vienna Night Ferris Wheel Panorama
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Stock market tips: Anil Singhvi decodes direction as new reality dawns, says keep strict watch on this
The Market Guru explained that the new reality that has dawned is that markets now know that coronavirus vaccine will be discovered sooner or later and the current rise in the number of cases along with casualties will end
11:21 am
Stock market tips: Markets are quite clear in their view about the current coronavirus situation and are seeing it in the context of next 3-4 years and not on a near term basis, Zee Business Managing Editor Anil Singhvi opines. The Managing Editor said that Nifty is already close to 11000 mark while US markets - Dow Jones and Nasdaq are also showing strength. While the former is moving towards the previous life-time high, the latter is consistently making new highs.
The Market Guru explained that the new reality that has dawned is that markets now know that coronavirus vaccine will be discovered sooner or later and the current rise in the number of cases along with casualties will end. The situation may last for another 3-6 months but we may not even remember about coronavirus 3-6 years down the line, Singhvi said.
Watch Zee Business Tweet Video Below:
कोरोना के बढ़ते मामलों पर बाजार देगा रिएक्शन लेकिन नहीं आएगा बड़ा करेक्शन...बस स्टॉपलॉस का रखें खास ख्याल, अनिल सिंघवी का मौजूदा बाजार में कमाई का मंत्र...#EditorsTake #COVID19 #NSE #BSE #Sensex #Nifty #StockMarket @AnilSinghvi_ pic.twitter.com/DQ39NvFTtz
— Zee Business (@ZeeBusiness) July 10, 2020
Singhvi added, "It appears that the markets have started to look ahead on a long term basis."
The Market Guru however said that the situation on the ground is not good, whether it is India or the US. In fact, the situation in the US is precarious as cases are growing very rapidly.
On Thursday, a record 2.2 lakh new cases were reported with over 5400 people succumbing to it. News of lockdown are also emerging now from various quarters.
It is still not known how much the markets will react from the emerging situation, but there is no doubt that the reaction will come.
The investors must realise that at higher levels around 11000 or 10800, the risk is more as there isn't enough cushion. One way to deal with this is to refer to the data and mood.
For investors, Singhvi said, it is extremely important to know their stop-loss in the rising markets and make their strategy accordingly.
See Zee Business Live TV Streaming Below:
While the equity markets are currently doing well, it is still not known when they would start moving towards mirroring reality. Singhvi indicated that there is no doubt businesses are suffering.
Get Latest Business News, Stock Market Updates and Videos; Check your tax outgo through Income Tax Calculator and save money through our Personal Finance coverage. Check Business Breaking News Live on Zee Business Twitter and Facebook. Subscribe on YouTube.


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Summer of Sunflowers & Sunflower Sunsets at Burnside Farms
- Presented By: Burnside Farms
- Dates: July 17, 2020 - August 31, 2020
- Recurrence: Recurring daily
- Location: Burnside Farms
- Address: 10800 Kettle Run Road, Nokesville, VA 20181
- Time: 10:00 AM to 6:00 PM
- Price: $8 - $14
Burnside is excited to announce the 2020 Summer of Sunflowers is open!
Their sunflower season will last approximately 6 weeks starting on July 16th and should run through the entire month of August depending on the weather.
Due to COVID-19 tickets are limited, but not quite as limited as they were in the spring.
*** No tickets will be available at the gate this summer!***
*** Masks are required in common areas (check-in, check-out area).***
They are open daily by pre-purchased tickets only, 10am - 6pm and they stay open late 6pm - 8pm on Thursdays and Saturdays for Sunflower Sunsets.
Please visit the ticket site for pricing info and to purchase tickets- burnsidefarms.mazeplay.com
Tickets are released 4 days at a time so we can closely monitor the weather forecast.
Visit burnsidefarms.com/tips for some tips and FAQ's. The most common questions are answered on that page.
It's been HOT. Please wear light-colored, loose fitting clothes when planning your visit and stay hydrated.
The sunflower fields are about a five minute walk from the check-in area.
The Summer of Sunflowers is here! They can't wait to see you in the sunflowers this summer! @ Burnside Farms


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Copper, Polished
Click Image for Gallery
Copper is known to be a good conductor of energy, and can help amplify other crystals and gemstones it is placed with. These tumbled pieces of genuine, solid copper, will really add a charge to your healing crystal grids and displays.
Each piece measures approximately 20mm. Sold by the piece.


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Customer Login
- Web Access Login
- eForm13 Import
- eForm13 Export
Located in the Nhava Sheva's Jawaharlal Nehru Port, just across the bay of Mumbai, APM Terminals Mumbai is India's busiest container terminal handling facility. Read more
The power was restored at the terminal post noon after which the normalisation activities were completed.Read more
This is to advise you that some of our colleagues in the terminal have tested Covid-19 positive after proactive tests were organised by the terminal post a few reported cases.Read more
As of July 1, 2020, 100% Port Driving Permit will be required to protect CISF personnel from COVID-19 infection. Please find attached the letter from CISF regarding implementation of Port Driving Permit.Read more
For import customers, APM Terminals Mumbai provides a Direct Port Delivery Service within six hours of vessel discharge
Tractor trailers are able to offload an export unit at Jawaharlal Nehru Port Container Terminal (JNPCT) and proceed directly to APM Terminals Mumbai for onward pick up of an import container.
APM Terminals Mumbai has three on-dock rails tracks of 830 meters, and three dedicated Rail Mounted Gantry Cranes (61 tonne max under Twin Mode).
With an APM Terminals Dashboard account you can:


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Sunday at 10:30 AM
Please note that masks are now required.
Social distancing protocols are in place inside and outside the building.
Please arrive early and check in with the greeters outside the main doors.
A list of guidelines is available at the Welcome Table.
Follow the greeters' and ushers' instructions.
If you have any symptoms of COVID-19, please remain home and watch the live-stream here on YouTube.
If you find yourself in need, please let us know, and please remember to donate to the church so we can continue to help others!
To donate via e-transfer, please use this email address: firstname.lastname@example.com.
We exist to see God glorify Himself by saving, shaping, and sending broken people like us.
listen to the sermon series
get to know us
get to know God
All programming has been cancelled until further notice.
Click here to check out our YouTube channel for Daily Inspiration and Encouragement.
Watch 'The Story' Video
God is inviting you to be part of the story He is writing throughout the ages to come. He is offering salvation to you today, which is your invitation to the rescue God offers. You can embrace the rescue of God by simply:
1. Admitting your need of God
2. Asking Him to forgive you
3. Trusting in Jesus alone to rescue you
4. Following Jesus Christ, The King of your life, in faith from this day forward
learn more
There is a place for you at EBC. We have several ministries that will suit your needs.
learn more
Here at Eastwood we have several groups and classes for your youth.
learn more
Children are valued here at Eastwood. We run various programs for children from birth to Grade 5.
learn more
When the people of Eastwood began the building process, they found the right location.
learn more


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Real Racing 3 v8.6.0 Mod Apk for Android (Unlimited Money/Anti Ban)
Sunday, July 5, 2020 Add Comment Edit
Free Download Real Racing 3 Mod Apk for AndroidAnother version of
This means that it's free to download and start playing Real Racing 3 Game, but as soon as we want to get the best out of the game, we have to start paying. The first time this is not a problem, but when we have long guaranteed this game, this game becomes more expensive than a similar game. Regardless of this poor payment method, Real Racing 3 is an exciting game, its control system is perfectly adaptable to touch devices, and will allow us to compete online against players around the world.
What's more, the graphics level allows Real Racing 3 to be the best brand in Google Play, with spectacular car detail. Because realistically, the developers of this game should add that the car represents the original model, so at a glance, we will recognize almost all real cars in the game.
Real Racing 3 Mod Apk is a great racing game
Real Racing 3 Features
- Real Cars
- Real Tracks
- Real People
- Realistic 3D Graphics
- More
Than Ever Choices Competition
- The Premier Racing Experience
- Race Around The Clock
What's New In Version 8.6.0:
Game Information:
- Earn the Brabham BT62 in a 7-day Special Event
- Race the Aston Martin Vantage GTE, the Porsche 911 RSR, or the Chevrolet Corvette C8.R in the 2020 GT Endurance Championship
- Master the Formula E New York City E-Prix 2020 Race Day Special Event
- Earn XP for your Team Principal by Tuning in Special Events and gain a permanent increase to your car stats when the Principal levels up
- Name: Real Racing 3
- Category: Racing
- Mode: Offline
- Version: 8.6.0
- Update: July 06, 2020
- Offered By: Electronics Arts
- Full Size: 1.5 GB
- System Required:
4.1+ OS Android
- Unlimited Money
- Everything Unlocked
- Anti-Ban
- Download the game Apk file below!
- Go to Settings > Security > Check Out Unknown Sources
- Install the game Apk to complete
- Open game Real Racing 3 Mod Apk
- Automatically downloads Game Data Obb waits until the process is complete
- Done, have a nice play!
Download Links:
Google Play
| Zippyshare
Google Play


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Hello, I'm Oliver Needham
I work in media, creating digital content for press, churches and radio.
I'm a PR & Media Officer at Tearfund, an international aid and development charity.
My work focuses on generating press coverage for the organisation, working alongside our ambassadors and fundraising products.
For my church, I volunteer as the Tech Team Leader at Westminster Chapel.
I lead a team of volunteers to serve the church's technical needs, primarily on Sundays, but also for additional events.
At Tearfund, I work in the Media team, who are responsible for the press coverage and public reputation for the charity.
As PR & Press Officer, my role is to gain coverage of our work with a fantastic team of ambassadors.
Coverage of Cakes, Bakes & Faith with Martha & Will
Tearfund is supported by a community of fundraisers who go to extraordinary lengths to raise funds. I've had the privilage of organising local and national coverage of their efforts
Listen to Jenny Pullen on BBC Radio 2
Photo: David Cavan/Tearfund
Westminster Chapel
Leading the Westminster Chapel Tech Team means I work with a great team of volunteers who support the church's Sunday services and other events.
My focus has been on the visuals used throughout services, including the introduction of motion backgrounds and using a new font during sung worship.
Read how I updated our visuals
For non-Sunday events, I have produced additional visuals such as logo animations and event highlight videos. Christmas services have seen me co-ordinate the visuals and lighting to accompany a packed program of songs, spoken word and messages.
As the church explored online services in March 2020, I have organised the church's use of YouTube and produced the lyric overlays for worship and the end screen animations.
Before Tearfund, I worked at All In Media as Digital Producer for 6 years. There I project managed digital services for radio stations across the world. This focused on apps for smart phones and server-side technology.
Using my experience, I have written about how radio stations should approach bringing their audio stream to mobile devices.
Read about making radio mobile friendly
After leaving university, I supported the Student Radio Association by being a judge for their awards and worked on several event radio stations for Poacher International Scout & Guide Jamboree and the ONE Event gathering.
As part of the Community Radio Awards, I've created, produced and ran their 2018 & 2019 ceremony graphics and animations, alongside accompanying audio cues.
My wife and I enjoy travelling and discovering new sights. I attempt to capture these moments.
The best of these photos are available to download and use for free from the photography community site Unsplash.
Contact Me
If you want to find out more about my work or my love for burgers, you can follow me on Twitter or read my blog.
There's also my work life's story on LinkedIn.
Got an offer I can't refuse or need assistance with something? You can send me an email.
Photo: Surrey Street, Croydon


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- Home
- Page Error
We Are Sorry
Certified Transmission is sorry to inform you that the page you are attempting to locate on our website is experiencing an error. We invite you to visit our services, faqs, or reviews page for more information about our company.
Coronavirus Client Message
We care for and value our clients and team. Our shop has implemented policies & practices to do our part to minimize the spread of the Coronavirus at our place of business.Read Our Policy
Best of Omaha
Certified Transmission is grateful to those in the community that have continually recognized our Omaha transmission shops as being chosen as the best choice for transmission repair.
Trusted Reputation
I will gladly tell all that your transmission shop was above and beyond in customer satisfaction. Thanks for being there when we needed it.
Bill Roberts
La Vista NE
La Vista NE
I will definitely send friends and family there way! Thanks I will come back in future for sure!
Steven F.
Bellevue NE
Bellevue NE
Just wanted to thank you again, for having such trusting employees at your business.
Judy Roberts
Omaha NE
Omaha NE
I would highly recommend Certified Transmission if you are having problems with your transmission.
Robert B
Lincoln NE
Lincoln NE
Thank you for the quick diagnosis and the quick repair.
Tom Johnson
Omaha NE
Omaha NE
I would highly recommend this location and these guys! Very courteous and helpful in solving my transmission problem.
Sandy Curlis
Gretna Nebraska
Gretna Nebraska
I would recommend the team at Certified Transmission without hesitation.
Chinwendu Nwinye
Omaha NE
Omaha NE
Total Customer service from start to finish and beyond.
Mike Mace
Omaha Nebraska
Omaha Nebraska
Thank you Mike and Certified crew at 110th and Emmet for the work, the offer of great resources, and for making 2014 start off great for me! I really, really, REALLY am thankful! You deserve five hundred stars!
Gerald Relford
Omaha NE
Omaha NE
My Subaru was a "used car basket case" when it arrived. The guys did a great job getting the car returned back to all stock condition.
Aiden Gaughran
Omaha Nebraska
Omaha Nebraska


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That magic and power is at the heart of Liwu Jewellery. Liwu means gift, and every gift carries a message and a meaning. You deserve every good thing. You are not alone. You are loved. Designer Áine Breen's jewellery captures these messages in symbols of pure gold and silver, so that the meaning can never be mistaken or forgotten. As a gift to yourself or as a gift to a dear one, each piece speaks directly to the heart.
Symbols carry the gift of meaning across distances, cultures, and generations. It grounds us, steadies us, helps us understand our world and ourselves. It is a touchstone that reminds us of what matters most and tells us that even the simplest moments are sacred. A talisman to carry on our way. A re-enchantment of the everyday. Symbols do that for us. So does Liwu Jewellery.
Áine's introduction to meaningful symbols and language began in 2011, when she moved from Ireland to China with her husband and discovered her creative side. Eager to learn more about Chinese culture, Áine took a course in Chinese calligraphy. One of the first characters she discovered was for love, which she learnt meant 'life to the heart and grace to the body'. I was immediately struck by how subtle yet significant this moving heart and body character was. I wanted a necklace with these characters' -Áine.
In a moment, Liwu Jewellery was born. Liwu is the mandarin word for gift.
Inspired by the ancient meaning of Chinese Calligraphy characters, the Calligraphy Collection, sparked a curiousity about symbolism throughout other anicent culturesDiscover Calligraphy
Ireland's culture is deeply rooted in ancient Celtic culture and celtic symbols and in 2014, Áine moved back home to Ballymoney, near Gorey in Co Wexford in the sunny south east of Ireland. A sense of belonging and connection to home, something she is truly grateful for and wanted the same for her young family.
In the farm yard of her home, Áine converted an old building to a studio from where she sends meaningful fine jewellery in recycled gold and silver around the world.
Each piece is forged in recycled and conflict free gold and silver. A 'meaning card' explaining the message behind the symbol is included with every piece, individually wrapped and boxed in substainable packaging.
For all enquiries please contact Áine - simply fill in your details here and we'll get back to you as soon as possible.
We offer free shipping worldwide for orders over €120/US$125 by DHL Express. Note all times below have been update for COVID 19 current restrictions and delays:
Republic of Ireland - Up to 2 working days
United Kingdom -Up to 2-3 working days)
EU Up to 2-3 working days
Rest of Europe Up to 2-4 working days
USA 2-4 working days
Rest of World 10-14 working days (Please note: Austrailia, NZ and parts of Asia are experiencing shipping times of up to 16 days)
Current Postal Service Shipping times , orders under €120:
Republic of Ireland: Registered Post (Up to 4 working days)
United Kingdom International registered Post (up to 14 working days)
EUInternational Registered Post (10 working days)
Rest of Europe International Registered Post (10 working days)
USA International Registered Post (No postal service please choose courier shipping)
Rest of World International Registered Post (please contact us for current shipping times as they vary at the moment - note orders over €120 are sent via DHL express and delivery is max 14-16 working days)
Upon dispatch you will receive a tracking number so you can monitor the progress of your package. Sometimes, delivery may be slower resulting from postal/courier delays for which we will not be responsible. If your parcel is delayed, we can assist you via email, message or over the phone.
Any dispatch delays, such as out of stock, we will notify you via email.
We are happy to provide an exchange or full refund on all Liwu pieces within 45 days of sale in the original packaging. Please contact info@liwujewellery to arrange the return of your item.