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KR100607392B1 - Preserving loop fairness with dynamic half-duplex - Google PatentsPreserving loop fairness with dynamic half-duplex Download PDF
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- 230000002708 enhancing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L12/5602—Bandwidth control in ATM Networks, e.g. leaky bucket
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. local area networks [LAN], wide area networks [WAN]
- H04L12/42—Loop networks
- H04L12/427—Loop networks with decentralised control
- H04L12/433—Loop networks with decentralised control with asynchronous transmission, e.g. token ring, register insertion
The present invention generally relates to the field of mass storage devices. More specifically, the present invention relates to an improved fiber-channel arbitrated-loop ("FC-AL") apparatus and method for maintaining loop fairness of dynamic half-duplex mode data transmission.
One key component of a given computer system is a device for storing data. Computer systems have many different devices on which data can be stored. A common place for storing large amounts of data in a computer system is a disk drive. The most basic part of a disk drive is a disk that is rotated, an actuator that moves the transducer to various locations on the disk, and circuitry used to write data to and read data from the disk. The disc drive also includes circuitry for encoding the data so that it can be written to and retrieved sufficiently from the disc surface. The microprocessor controls most of the operation of the disk drive, in addition to obtaining data from the requesting computer for transferring data to and storing data on the requesting computer.
The interface for transferring data between the disk drive and the rest of the computer system is typically a bus or channel, such as a SCSI (small computer system interface) or fiber-channel. Certain features of such interfaces are often standardized so that various devices from different manufacturers can be replaced and that all can be connected to a common interface. Such standards are generally defined by certain standards committees of organizations such as the American Standards Institute.
One standard interface for exchanging data between various storage devices and various computers is fiber-channel. In certain embodiments, the fiber-channel standard includes an arbitration-loop (described further). In certain embodiments, the fiber-channel standard supports a SCSI-like protocol for controlling data transmission.
Fiber-channels offer significant advantages over SCSI designs. Fiber-channels offer significantly higher bandwidth, currently about 106 megabytes per second, compared to 2-20 megabytes per second for typical SCSI designs. Fiber-channels provide increased connectivity to 126 devices (including hosts) compared to up to 7 or 15 devices in a typical SCSI environment. The fiber-channels are attached using one connector and do not require a switch. Fiber-channels using coaxial electrical conductors operate at distances between devices up to 30 meters, and up to 10 kilometers when using fiber over the entire channel compared to a maximum total length of up to 25 meters for the SCSI environment. It works.
In the SCSI environment, errors in data transmission are detected using parity, while errors in fiber-channels are identified using performance mismatch and cyclic redundancy code (CRC check) information. Much of the information is registered with the inventor of the present invention, US Patent No. 5,802,080 and "16B / 20B Encoder," registered by Westby, "Circulation redundancy test using CRC generator in a multi-port design," which is incorporated herein by reference. See US Pat. No. 5,663,724.
Fiber-Channel Arbitration Loop (FC-AL) is an industry standard system that uses a byte-oriented DC-stable (0,4) run length defined 8B / 10B partitioned block-transmit code scheme. FC-AL operates at a clock frequency of 106.25MHz. One type of 8B / 10B encoder / decoder is a "Byte-Oriented DC Balanced (0,4) 8B / 10B Partitioned Block Transmission" Code 4,484,739, filed December 4, 1984.
Fiber-channel arbitrated loops (FC-AL) allow multiple devices, each referred to as a "node", to be connected to each other. A node can be any device (computer, workstation, printer, disk drive, scanner, etc.) of a computer system having an interface that allows it to be connected to an optical fiber "topology (defined below)". Each node has at least one port called an NL port ("node loop port") that provides access to another node. Components that connect two or more ports to each other are collectively called a "topology" or "loop". Each node communicates with all other nodes in a given topology or loop.
A port is a connection at an optical fiber node through which data travels through the optical fiber to a port of another node (outside). A typical fiber-channel drive has two ports packaged within a node of the drive. Each port includes a pair of "fibers", an optical fiber for transporting information to the port and an optical fiber for transporting information out of the port. Each "fiber" is a serial data connection, in which each fiber is a coaxial wire (e.g., a coaxial copper conductor used when the nodes are in close proximity to each other) and in another embodiment the fiber is (e.g. a node Are separated into suitable cabinets, such as nodes in different cabinets or in particular in different buildings), with at least some of their paths being implemented with optical fibers. A pair of optical fibers connected to each port, one carrying data to the port and the other carrying data from the port, is called a "link" and becomes part of each topology. Links transmit signals packaged in information or "frames" between nodes. Each link can handle several types of frames (eg initialization, data and control frames).
Because each fiber only transmits data in one direction, the nodes are connected to each other along the loop, where the nodes must arbitrate control of the loop when they have data to transmit. "Arbitration" is the process of adjusting a node to determine which node has control of the loop. Fiber-channel arbitrated loops attach multiple nodes within a node without the use of hubs or switches. The node port uses an arbitration operation to establish a point-to-point data transfer circuit. FC-AL is a distributed topology where each port contains at least the minimum necessary functionality to establish a circuit. The arbitrated loop topology is used to connect any number of nodes between two and 126 node ports.
In certain embodiments, each node includes dual ports that provide redundancy (each connected to a separate loop), so that if one loop fails, the other can meet the loop mission. Dual ports also allow two hosts (eg two host computers) to share a single drive.
Background of fairness
The concept of "fairness" of the present invention is that a shared resource, such as a fiber-channel loop, is a timely principle for each of a plurality of users, such as a plurality of each disk drive 100, i.e. without improper delay and each disk drive 100. Is an operating mode that can be used for an amount of time proportional to the amount of data required to be transmitted. "Unfair operation" is an operating mode in which one user, for example one disk drive, has a control over a shared resource, such as a fiber loop, over a very frequent or very long period of time, and another disk drive that requires the use of the loop. Is taken away from the loop it uses.
"Fairness" allows each port (based on priority) to gain access to the loop and transmits as much information (without time limit) as it wants. It must then wait to arbitrate the gain until all other ports have their access.
The protocol for the loop is either an L_port (also called a loop port: the L_port is a common loop port "NL_port" or a fiber loop port "FL_" that is commonly used to interconnect two loops with each other. Port ", which in turn may arbitrate access to the loop continuously. Priority is assigned to each involved L_port based on the arbitrated loop physical address (AL-PA). As with other prioritized protocols, this can lead to situations where low priority L_ ports cannot obtain access to the loop. The fairness algorithm of the access sets up the access window given the opportunity to arbitrate all L_ports and gains access to the loop. If all L_ports have a chance to access the loop, a new access window is started. The L_Port is arbitrated again and gains access to the loop evenly within the new access window. Not all L_ports are required to access loops within any given access window.
When an L_port using an access fairness algorithm is arbitrated to gain access to the loop, the L_port does not mediate again until at least one idle is transmitted by the L_port. The time between the arbitration first L_port and the idle transfer becomes the access window. A specific arbitration initial signal (ie ARB (F (0)) is used to prevent early reset of the access window. A detailed description of the access fairness algorithm can be found in the Fiber-Channel FC-AL specification (ANSI Standard: Fiber-Channel FC). -AL X3T11 / Project 960D / Rev.4.5 and Fiber-Channel FC-AL2 X3T11 / Project 1133D / Rev.6.3).
The access fairness algorithm does not limit the time that L_Port obtains arbitration and controls the loop, just as ANSI X3.230, FC-PH does not limit the time for Class 1 connections. However, if access is denied longer than E_D_TOV, the access window is reset and the L_port starts arbitration. Although not all L-ports implement the fairness algorithm, it is not required that either the FL_port or the NL port use the fairness algorithm for the entire time. For example, if one L_port requires more loop access than another L_port, the L_port is chosen to be unfair.
In order to give all L_ports equal access to the loop, it is recommended that each L_port uses an access fairness algorithm. When an L_Port uses an access fairness algorithm, it is called a "fair" L_Port.
When a fair L_port is arbitrated to gain access to the loop and does not detect that another L_port is arbitrated, the L_port may remain open indefinitely or close the circuit by looping the circuit indefinitely. Maintain ownership of the loop (without mediation) to open another L_port.
When a fair L_port accesses the loop and detects that another L_port is in arbitration, the L_port closes the loop at the earliest possible time. The L_Port closes the loop and arbitrates again in the next access window before opening another L_Port.
The structure of a given loop may require that a given L_port have access to more than just one loop per access window. Examples of such L_ports include, but are not limited to, subsystem controllers or file servers.
The L_Port may be initialized (or temporarily selected) to not use the access fairness algorithm. When the L_Port does not use the fairness algorithm, it is called an "unfair" L_Port. Deciding whether to be involved in access fairness depends on the needs of the implementation.
When an unfair L_port is arbitrated and gains access to the loop and does not detect that another L_port is arbitration, the L_port can either keep the current circuit open indefinitely or close the circuit and loop. Maintain ownership of the loop (without mediation) to open another L_port on the host.
When an unfair L_port controls a loop to detect that another L_port is in arbitration, an unfair L_port may close the loop at the earliest possible time. An unfair L_port can maintain ownership of the loop and open another L_port on the loop (without mediation).
The participating FL_Port always becomes the highest priority L_Port on the loop based on its AL_PA. The FL_Port is excluded from the use of an access fairness algorithm because most of its traffic follows the rest of the configuration.
When the FL_port controls the loop to detect that another NL_port is in arbitration, the FL_port can close the loop at the earliest possible time. Since the FL_Port has the highest priority and is excluded from fairness, it can always get arbitration. Thus, if communication with another NL_port is desired, the FL_port maintains its own access to the loop (without mediation) to open another NL_port on the loop.
Thus, there is a need for an apparatus to preserve loop fairness, particularly in fiber-channel implementations that include dynamic half-duplex characteristics.
A method and apparatus for preserving loop fairness is disclosed. Certain embodiments have dynamic half-duplex characteristics. One feature of the present invention includes a communication channel system for maintaining loop fairness comprising a first channel having one or more ports, each port supporting and supporting a fiber-channel arbitrated-loop serial communication channel. Attached. If one of the ports arbitrates control of the channel to which the port is attached and arbitration is obtained in the control of the channel loop, the fairness preservation device is at least partially dependent on whether a predetermined amount of use has occurred between the first port and the communication channel. To release the control of the communication channel.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for mediating control of a fiber-channel arbitration-loop serial communication channel; And releasing control of the communication channel based at least in part on whether a predetermined amount of use has occurred between the first port and the communication channel.
In certain embodiments of the above systems and methods, the use of a predetermined amount comprises transmitting a first predetermined amount of data. In such certain embodiments, if less than the second predetermined amount of data is maintained for transmission, release of channel control is suppressed.
1 is a block diagram of a disk drive apparatus 100 having a fiber-channel node interface.
2 is a block diagram of an information-processing system 1200 implementing the present invention.
3 is a block diagram of a fiber-channel node interface chip 110.
4 is a block diagram of the fiber-channel loop port circuit 20.
5 is a block diagram of the fiber-channel loop control circuit 40.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION In the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that are shown to illustrate the specific embodiments in which the invention is implemented. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
The invention described herein is intended to provide a hard disk drive, a ZIP drive, a floppy disk drive, an optical disk drive, a CDROM drive, and other predetermined types of drives, drives (such as RAID (Redendant Array of Inexpnsive / independent Disk dirve) structures) or It is useful for all types of disk drives, including other drive systems, where data is communicated between the drive and other drives or information processing systems. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to hubs and switches, workstations, printers and other devices or information processing (such as those used to interconnect multiple fiber-channels) connected on a fiber-channel arbitration-loop. Useful for node interfaces to non-disk drives such as systems.
1 shows a block diagram of a disk drive apparatus 100 having a fiber-channel node interface. Much information can be found in US patent application Ser. No. 09 / 193,387, filed as "Method and Dedicated Frame Buffer for Loop Initialization and Response."
1 and 2, fiber-channel loop interface circuit 1220 (also referred to as node interface 1220) includes a dedicated transmit frame buffer 73 for loop initialization and response. In one embodiment, each node interface 1220 includes two ports 116 (shown as port A and port B). ("Loop initialization" is achieved by transmitting one or more defined non-data frame sequences (and by monitoring the response to these frames) to initialize the fiber-channel loop. "Response" from a command or other node) A non-data frame transmitted in response to an inquiry.) Fiber-channel arbitration-loop communication channel 1250 (also called loop 1250 or fiber-channel loop 1250) is a disk storage device 100 and a computer. 1202 (another information processing system) or other information processing device. In one embodiment, the fiber-channel loop 1250 is a serial communication channel; In another embodiment, two or more parallel lines (or optical fibers) are used to implement the fiber-channel loop 1250. Having such a dedicated transmit frame buffer 73 allows one port 116 of one of the dual port nodes 1220 to transmit or receive a data frame while allowing the other port to transmit an initialization or response frame. Port 116 is a serial line, one line 117 is for inbound data, the other line 118 is for outbound data, and both lines 117, 118 are communication channels Is connected to and forms part of the loop 1250. Dedicated receive buffers 53, 53 ′, 55 are also provided for each port 116 of the two port node. (It should be noted that each block of quoted primes (ie 53 ') provides the same functionality as the corresponding block without primes (ie 53) but is used for a separate loop port or communication channel.) The CRC information received from the fiber-channel 1250 is stored in one of the one or more frame buffers 53, 53 ′, 55, and then the integrity of the data while in the frame buffers 53, 53 ′, 55. Is checked to guarantee In order to reduce the overall time spent arbitrating control of loop 1250, control of loop 1250 is maintained as long as the programmable amount of data is valid for transmission (i.e., the loop connection remains open). do.
In certain embodiments, the disk drive 100 may include a magnetic storage head disk assembly having one or more disk platters 134, one or more magnetic write / read transducers 150 and an arm actuator assembly 126 per disk platter. HDA) 114. The signal between the transducer (or "head") and the HDA interface 113 carries data to and from the disk platter 134. Thus, the "disk drive" (ie, disk drive 1256 of FIG. 1) of certain embodiments includes an HDA 114 and an HDA interface 113 (eg, a generic SCSI drive), and one or more such disk drives (such as a typical SCSI drive). 1256 is connected to an external node interface 1220 for connection to a loop or fiber-channel topology, as shown in FIG. In another embodiment, the "disk drive" is represented by the disk drive 100 of FIG. 2 and includes a node interface 1220 integrated with the disk drive 1256 within the entire disk drive 100. In one embodiment, data is in turn transferred from and to the off-chip buffer 111. The present invention includes a dedicated on-chip buffer 119, in which the on-chip buffer is a receive-non-data-frame buffer 53 (alternatively inwardly non-data) for each port. Buffer 53, together with a transmit-frame buffer 73 and a CRC checker 569, which comprises a shared data-frame buffer 55, which in one embodiment is provided by two ports. Can be used simultaneously (in other embodiments a single buffer is used by one port at a time).
In one embodiment, the loop-port transmit / receive block 115 (ie 115 and 115 ') serializes and transfers data transfer through port A and port B to the fiber-channel loop 1250 (of FIG. 2) connected thereto. It includes a port transceiver to deserialize. In some embodiments, the transceiver 115 is implemented with an external transceiver; In another embodiment, such a transceiver is located on-chip in block 110. In some embodiments, the interface on the right (right side with respect to transceivers 115, 115 'of FIG. 1) is a 10-bit wide parallel input-output signal; In another embodiment, they are 20 bits wide. Blocks 110, 111, 112, port-A transceiver 115, and port-B transceiver 115 ′ form a fiber channel node interface 1220. In one embodiment, the port transceivers 115, 115 ′ are integrated within a single chip 110. In another embodiment, the transceivers 115, 115 'including serialization / deserialization functions are implemented on a circuit separate from the chip 110.
In another embodiment, the transceiver is merely an interface between the serial loop 1250 and the chip 110, where serialization / deserialization to 10 bit or 20 bit wide data occurs on the chip.
2 is a schematic diagram of a computer system 1200. Advantageously, the present invention is also suitable for use in computer system 1200. Computer system 1200 is also referred to as an electronic system or information processing system and includes a central processing unit ("CPU"), memory and a system bus. Computer system 1200 may include a central processing unit 1204, a random-access memory ("RAM") 1232, and a system bus 1230 for communicatively coupling the central processing unit 1204 and the random access memory 1232. And a CPU information processing system 1202 having a. The CPU information processing system 1202 includes a fiber-channel node interface 1220. Each of the one or more disk storage information processing systems 100-100 ′ includes one or more disk drive devices 1256 and fiber-channel node interface 1220.
In certain embodiments, multiple disk drives 1256 are connected to one node interface 1220, for example in a RAID structure, such that device 100 'is a RAID array of disk drives. The CPU information processing system 1202 also has an input / output interface that drives serial peripherals, such as the internal input / output bus 1210 and devices 1212, 1214, 1216 that may be attached to the input / output device 1210. Circuit 1209. Peripherals may include hard disk drives, magneto-optical drives, floppy disk drives, monitors, keyboards, and other such peripherals. Certain types of disk drives or other peripheral devices may use the fiber-channel methods and devices described herein (especially implementations of fiber-channel node interfaces, for example). For each device, ports A and B can be used for connection to any given loop 1250.
The system 1200 in one embodiment includes a central processing unit 1204 '(same as central processing unit 1204), a RAM 1232' (same as RAM 1232) and a central processing unit 1204 'and a RAM ( Optional second CPU information processing system 1202 '(similar to or the same as system 1202) having a system bus 1230' (same as system bus 1230) for communicatively coupling 1232 '. Include as. The CPU information processing system 1202 'includes its own fiber-channel node interface 1220' (same as the node interface 1220 ') but has a second fiber-channel loop (separate from and independent of the loop 1250). 1250 ') to one or more disk systems 100 (in the example shown it is connected to disk system 100 but in other embodiments is connected to all disks or disk systems 100-100'). This structure allows two CPU information processing systems 1202, 1202 'to share one or more disk systems 100 using separate fiber-channel loops for each information processing system 1202. In another embodiment, all devices 100-100 ′ and all CPU information processing systems 1202-1202 ′ are connected to two loops 1250, 1250 ′.
The fiber-channel specification constituting one embodiment of the present invention includes the following ANSI standards.
Fiber Optics-Channel FC-PH X3T11 / Project 755D / Rev.4.3
Physical & Signaling Interface
Fiber Optics-Channel FC-AL X3T11 / Project 960D / Rev.4.5
Arbitrated Loop
Fiber Optics-Channel FC-AL2 X3T11 / Project 1133D / Rev.6.3
Arbitrated Loop
Fiber Channel FCP X3T10 / Rev.012
SCSI Protocol X3.2
I. Preserving Dynamic Half Duplex Loop Fairness
One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preserving loop fairness using a fairness preserving device 175 and a dynamic half-duplex ("DHD") instruction, and a method for providing fairness using a DHD instruction.
Although the fiber-channel is essentially a full-duplex link (frames move in both directions simultaneously in the fiber pair), certain loop port (L_port) implementations can support one-way data transfer. Even when a port is capable of full duplex operation, there is a situation where loop arbitration is reduced.
Dynamic half-duplex (DHD) is a simple loop transmitted on a loop by a port in the OPEN state and represents a port in the OPENED state that prevents further frames from being transmitted. DHD;
1. Allows ports capable of half-duplex data transfer to transport frames in the opposite direction without remediation.
2. Allow the port in the OPENED state to transmit all frames even if the port in the OPEN state has completed its data transfer, thus making the use of the formed circuit more efficient.
Ports in the OPEN state generally transmit the first CLS to close the loop. When there is a full duplex circuit, the port in the OPENED state receives the CLS and can continue to transmit frames until it no longer has the buffer to buffer credit (BB_Credit-R_Rdy's). If the OPENED port no longer transmits frames, the port should point the CLS back to the OPEN port.
There are at least two cases where it is possible to transmit a close initiative rather than sending a CLS.
1. Certain implementations cannot handle the transmission of simultaneous transmissions and receptions at a node. These nodes often have frames waiting during the OPEN port, but their half-duplex design does not take advantage of the existing bidirectional circuitry.
2. Even if full duplex transmission is possible, if the OPEN port transmits CLS, the OPENED port can only transmit frames based on the current credit. (E.g., port A is OPENED to receive new commands, and receives two R_Rdy's to read data for the OPEN port. The OPENED port sends only two data frames before it is closed.)
To avoid this external remediation cycle, a DHD initial signal is provided. Instead of sending CLS, the DHD is sent by the OPEN L_ port. Transmitting the DHD allows the OPEN port to continue to transmit R_Rdy's and link control frames (excluding any data frames). The OPENED port remembers that it has received the DHD and keeps the closed wire, and is expected to transmit the CLS when it has no more data to send to the OPEN port.
In this sense, "fairness" refers to data that is shared by each disk drive 100 in a timely manner and to each of a number of users, such as the disk drive 100, without an inadequate delay in shared resources such as the fiber-channel loop 1250. An operating mode that can be used for a time proportional to the amount of. An "unfair operation" is an operating mode in which one port of a CPU information processing system 1202 (which acts as an initiator) takes control of a shared resource without waiting for all other users to have an opportunity. Unfair operation is often desirable in certain cases, such as in a limited environment (eg allowing a fast device to take more opportunities than a slow device), which means that it is a large number of slow disk drives, for example in a CUP information processing system. This is because it permits to start an operation on 100. Allowing one disk drive to operate unfairly allows data transfers from the drive to be performed faster than not, but because the other disk drive is not serviced and becomes free until another operation is performed and the CPU Information processing system 1202 generally waits long (see FIG. 2) and therefore cannot take data from other disk drives 100, which generally results in poor system performance.
In a fiber-channel arbitrated-loop design as disclosed herein, the loop port 1220 must mediate access to the loop 1250. The priority system is used to determine which port 1220 gains control of the loop 1250 and the "fairness" regime is used to ensure that the port is not hungry for control. Like the target device, the disk drive 100 usually operates fairly and is given a low priority to ensure each drive 100 has equal access to the loop 1250. An initiator (such as the CPU information processing system 1202) is a drive queue (the drive queue is a waiting list, the current operation that each disk drive 100 maintains for commands directed to it). It can work unfairly to keep it full. An "initiator" is a device on an optical fiber-channel loop that requires input / output ("I / O") processing to be performed by another device (called "target device").
"Full duplex" is an operating mode in which data can be sent from the port at the very same time that data is received at the port. A "half duplex" is a mode of operation in which data is sent from or received on a port but is merely alternating and not simultaneous.
One feature of the present invention is a feature called " dynamic half-duplex " added to the fiber-channel mediated-loop structure (FC-AL-2). Even when a port is capable of full duplex operation (such as the designs described below in Sections II, III, IV, and V), there are situations where many loop arbitration cycles can be reduced by providing DHD features. For example, when the OPEN port (port 116 in the OPEN state) transmits a CLS initial signal, the OPENED port can only transmit frames based on current credit. (E.g., port A 116 of node interface 1220) is in the OPENED state to receive new commands, the port receives two R_Rdy's and reads data for the OPEN port. The OPENED port can transmit only two data frames before it is shorted.) Using the dynamic half-duplex method, the OPEN port sends the DHD initial signal instead of CLS and continues to transmit R_Rdy's. This allows the disk drive 100 to read data when a new command is received without having to arbitrate for the loop to complete the transfer. This DHD feature reduces intervention cycles but may compromise loop fairness.
For example, in the system 1200 (of FIG. 2) according to the present invention, the information processing system 1202 sends a read operation command to the disk drive 100 and loops 1250 (without giving up control). The DHD initial signal is transmitted, which allows the disk drive to maintain control over the loop 1250 for an extended period of time to complete the transmission of a significant number of data frames, without remediation of the control right of the control. Thus, a disk drive that receives the DHD initial signal is allowed to use the remediation window again, even if the disk drive has already acquired mediation and waits for the next fairness window. The fairness of the loop (the ability to give all devices equal access to loop resources) is compromised.
Having high priority addresses and unfair behavior (ie, by using high priority addresses to gain control of the loop at the expense of other devices with low priority addresses, even if they can wait their turn for a long time) The initiator information processing system 1202 (of FIG. 2) obtains an arbitration and sends a new command (eg, a DHD command) to the drive 100. Drive 100 mediates loop 1250 because it reads data to initiator 1202. When the drive 100 receives a DHD command, it is allowed to send a response to complete all its data frames and operations. Other devices that are not OPENEDed using the new command (for example, drive 100 ') must wait until they get "fairly" arbitration, while drive 100 that completes the command has no data for the next command. Since the previous command is completed, the initiator 1202 sends a new command to the drive 100 to keep its queue filled in. The new command indicates that the drive has completed another read transfer. Over time, a given drive may "crave" access to loop 1250 to complete fewer instructions than using DHD reception.
The improved fairness preservation feature of the present invention limits the length of time that one node 116 is allowed to maintain control of the loop 1250 so that another node 116 has an opportunity within a legitimate amount of time (thus craving To avoid). In one embodiment, the length of time that one node 116 is allowed to maintain control of the loop is adjusted by adjusting the maximum number of frames transmitted in any one operation. In one embodiment, if node 116 is very close to the completion of its data transmission, it is allowed to complete the transmission even if it exceeds the maximum number of frames allowed otherwise.
In accordance with the present invention, in order to preserve loop fairness when using the dynamic half-duplex scheme, a numerical frame limitation feature is added to the node interface 1220. In one embodiment, how many read data frames (eg, after the device (e.g. disk drive 100)) receives a DHD command (also called a DHD "initial" signal) if the transfer was not close to completion. There is a numerical upper limit on whether a data frame to be transmitted, for example, is allowed to be transmitted. In certain embodiments, the numerical limits are programmable and are set by a single log-in parameter that is sold (in one embodiment) or by mode page settings (another embodiment) or by default through a microprocessor (others). Example). This allows the initiator 1220 to programmatically tune the numerical limit values for the application in which the drive 100 is used (ie, software running in the CPU information processing system 1202), or the drive may be tuned to an appropriate value. Allow to set.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a fairness-preserving device 175 as shown in FIG. In one embodiment, the 16-bit counter 160 (also called dhd_cnt_out (15: 0); see FIG. 1) is zeroed by the init_zero signal 159 when the DHD is received (using the incrementer 161). For each frame transmitted). The comparator 162 stores a value stored in the limit register 163 (also called dhd_max_frms (15: 0)) by the DHD counter 160 to determine when to suspend data transmission (close the loop 1250). Check when the critical limit is reached. In one embodiment, the suspend_xfer signal 164 causes the suspension of the data frame transmission operation and the temporary closure of the loop to allow other devices to use the loop 1250 (ie, such embodiments are described below). The signal 169 and the signal 170 are ignored, and when the limit is reached, the transmission is suspended by forming the same suspend_xfer signal 172 as the suspend_xfer signal 164). In another embodiment, the enable_DHD_suspend signal 170 for this fairness preservation device 175 is also provided as an input to the AND gate 171. (i.e., such an embodiment will signal 169 described below once the limit is reached. Ignore transmission when enable signal 170 is "on" and the fairness preservation feature is disabled when enable signal 170 is "off."
In another embodiment, counter 160 is activated during another transmission of data (rather than when a DHD command is received). In certain embodiments, counter 160 is replaced with a decrement counter that is initialized by loading it with the value loaded in limit register 163 in the description above; This decrement counter is decremented every time a frame is transmitted and activates signal 164 when it reaches zero, providing equivalent functionality to blocks 160, 161, 162 and 163 described below.
In certain embodiments, counter 160 monitors the number of frames transmitted as described above. In another embodiment, counter 160 monitors the number of bytes or words and monitors another measure of the amount of data transmitted.
In another embodiment, counter 160 is replaced with a timer that monitors the length of time that has elapsed during the transmission and the timer activates signal 164 when the predetermined length of time has elapsed. This provides a function similar to that described above but provides fairness based on the length of time than based on the amount of data transmitted. In such an embodiment, the AND gate 171 is used to suppress the suspend_xfer signal when there is less data to be transmitted than a predetermined amount of data remains or the enable_DHD_suspend signal 170 is disabled.
In certain embodiments, counter 165 monitors the number of frames transmitted as described above. In another embodiment, counter 160 monitors the number of bytes or words and monitors another measure of the amount of data transmitted.
In another embodiment, counter 165 is replaced with a timer that monitors the length of time that has elapsed during the transmission and the timer activates signal 169 when the predetermined length of time has elapsed. This provides a function similar to that described above but provides fairness based on the length of time than based on the amount of data transmitted. In such an embodiment, the AND gate 171 is used to initialize the suspend_xfer signal when data less than a predetermined amount of data remains to be transmitted or when the enable_DHD_suspend signal 170 is disabled.
In certain embodiments, the transfer length counter 165 logic uses the number of words instead of frames.
While the foregoing description specifically describes an embodiment that includes the characteristics of a dynamic half-duplex scheme, there is another embodiment of the present invention in which the apparatus 175 of fairness preservation characteristics of the present invention is provided that is independent of DHD characteristics. For example, in certain embodiments, an apparatus 175 of fairness preservation features is provided but no DHD characteristics are provided. In other embodiments, both are provided but the fairness preservation feature is used to enhance fairness in these situations when a DHD command is received and in some other situation. For example, in one embodiment, transfer of write data from information processing system 1202 to disk drive 100.
In one embodiment, a transmission length counter 165 (also called xfr_cnt_out (26: 0)) is provided. The transmission length counter 165 is decremented by a logic signal 166 indicating the number of words to be transmitted; The transmission length counter 165 and the reducer 166 form a data-transmission frame-length counter 82 with each other. This embodiment compares the number of words remaining in the transfer length counter 165 with a programmable value held in the minimum length register (also called dhd_cmpl_len (26: 0)) 168 when the transfer is close to completion. (I.e., if there are fewer words left to be transferred than the value held in the minimum length register 168, the transfer is defined as " almost completed. &Quot;) In one embodiment, the AND gate ( 171 forms a logical sum of signal 164 and signal 169, thereby allowing other devices to use loop 1250 (ie, this embodiment ignores signal 170 described below). When the limit is reached, the transfer is suspended if there are not a few words remaining in the register 168). The suspend_xfer signal 172 is driven to cause the suspension of the data frame transfer operation and the closing of the temporary loop. In another embodiment, enable_DHD_suspend signal 170 for fairness preservation feature device 175 is also provided as an input to AND gate 171. Logical equation for output pending (output of gate 171 is;
suspend_xfer signal (172) = (enable_DHD_suspend = '1'
AND (dhd_cnt_out (15: 0) = dhd_max_frms (15: 0))
AND (xfr_cnt_out (26: 0) ≥dhd_cmpl_len (26: 0)))
Same as
Thus, to maintain loop arbitration fairness, if a DHD initial signal is received and read data is available for an "open" port (this port is in the "OPENED" state), then this port sends data up to the dhd_max_frms count and loops. To close. If the transfer is nearing termination (i.e. less than the value in dhd_cmpl_len), this port terminates the transmission rather than closing it immediately. The transfer is terminated and there is no request to resume mediation. The value in dhd_max_frms and dhd_cmpl_len may be set via mode page initialization or via login value to make this feature more flexible.
When a data frame is transmitted, the counter 160 is reset (ie set to zero value) and if the DHD initial signal is received, the counter is incremented by one when each data frame is transmitted. When the counter 160 reaches the maximum allowed value maintained in the limit register 163, no further data frames are sent until the next time arbitration for the loop 1250 is obtained.
The "suspen_xfer" output signal 172 is a loop-control circuit as input to port A and port B open control circuit 42 (see FIG. 5; described below) to deliver close on the loop when the DHD is received. It is used by 40. Otherwise, the suspend_xfer signal 172 restores or preserves loop fairness because DHD mode allows very long transmissions to disrupt the fairness of the loop.
In one embodiment, the suspend_xfer signal 172 is also provided as input to the port open control state machine 42, 42 ', causing the port open control state machine 42, 42' to "close" the loop (i.e., Releases control of loop 1250 such that ports of other devices are allowed to arbitrate the loop, preventing the port from unfairly maintaining control of loop 1250. In certain embodiments, suspend_xfer signal 172 is activated when a predetermined amount of data is transmitted. In another embodiment, suspend_xfer signal 172 is activated after a predetermined amount of time has elapsed. In one of these types of embodiments, activation of the suspend_xfer signal 172 is prevented if there is less data to be transmitted than a predetermined amount of data remains. In some of the embodiments of the type described above, activation of the suspend_xfer signal 172 is prevented when the enable_DHD_suspend signal 170 is disabled.
II. Dedicated frame buffer for loop initialization and response
For one embodiment of the present invention, a frame buffer is added to the third generation ASIC chip (fiber-channel interface chip 110) to allow both ports to be activated at the same time. Two buffers for receiving non-data frames (also called receiving non-data-frame buffers 53,53 ') allow commands and FCP frames (fibre-channel protocol frames) to be received simultaneously on both nodes of the node. (And also to allow for full duplex operation, ie to allow transmission on another optical fiber of the same port while receiving on one optical fiber of the port). This allows the disk drive 100 (see FIG. 2) to receive new commands on one port during data transfer on the same port and / or other port without waiting for interruption or termination of the transfer. By taking commands faster than the conventional approach, the present invention allows the commands to be stored and optimized while data transfer is in progress, thus allowing the system 1200 to improve performance.
3 is a block diagram of a fiber-channel node-interface chip 110. The fiber-channel node-interface logic circuit 110 of the present invention is responsible for the fiber-channel protocol, including arbitration loop logic circuitry and framing logic circuitry. One embodiment is optimized for Class-3 SCSI implementations using only the SCSI high-level protocol defined by the Fiber-Channel Protocol ("FCP") standard (see FC-AL specification above). The fiber-channel node-interface logic circuit 110 includes four on-chip frame buffers 53,53 ', 55,73 that support dual port and full duplex operation as well as various buffer bandwidths. The fiber-channel node-interface logic circuit 110 is also interfaced to the microprocessor 112, which allows the microprocessor 112 to implement the fiber-channel node-interface logic circuit 110 and the fiber-channel node-interface logic. Allows to read state information regarding the current condition of circuit 110.
The fiber-channel node-interface logic circuit 110 comprises two loop port circuits 20 (one for port A and the other for port B, each of which is a data-in interface and data to support loop communication). Loop-control circuitry 40 (also called frame transmit circuitry 40), receive-path logic circuitry 50, transmit-control logic circuitry 60, single frame transmit circuitry 70 A transmission path multiplexer (" mux ") 79, a data frame transmission path logic circuit 80, and a microprocessor interface 90. These blocks support operations such as receive frame processing, transmission data frame generation, single frame transmission generation, transmission control, and processor interface.
The microprocessor interface circuit 90 provides the microprocessor 112 with access to registers and counters within the fiber-channel node-interface logic circuit 110. (When a "microprocessor" is described, it will be understood that such representation includes any suitable programmable logic device.) The interface register is initialized by an external microprocessor 112 prior to responding to the fiber-channel interface. . Output transmissions are initiated via this interface, and the status of the received transmissions is available through this interface.
The input signal for FIG. 3 is A_IN 3021 which carries data input from fiber-channel 16 to loop port circuit 20 for port A and loop port circuit for port B from fiber-channel 16 ( 20) B_IN 3022 passing data input to it. The DATA FROM OFF-CHIP BUFFER 3051 transfers the data from the off-chip buffer 111 to the receive path logic circuit 50. TO OFF-CHIP BUFFER 3052 transfers data from receive path logic circuit 50 to off-chip buffer 111. BUFFER STATUS 3031 provides status to the transfer control logic circuit 60. MPU ADDRESS 3031 and MPU DATA 3095 to MPU interface 90 provide the address and data from microprocessor 112, respectively. READ_ENABLE 3092 and WRITE_ENABLE 3093 to MPU interface 90 provide an enable signal from microprocessor 112. MPU signal 3097 allows microprocessor 112 to access transmit frame buffer 73. A_OUT 3023 transfers data from loop port circuit 20 for port A to fiber-channel 16 and B_OUT 3024 from loop port circuit 20 for port B to fiber-channel 16. Transfer data.
4 is a block diagram of the fiber-channel loop port circuit 20. The fiber-channel design of one embodiment of the present invention includes two identical loop port circuits 20 to support a dual port fiber interface for direct attachment of peripherals. In one embodiment, the fiber-channel loop port circuit 20 includes a receive register 21, an 8B / 10B decoder logic circuit 22, a word sync state machine 23, a receive clock loss detector 24, a sync loss. A timer 25, an arbitration-loop logic circuit 26, and an 8B / 10B encoder 27.
In one embodiment, each loop port circuit 20 is interfaced with an external transceiver 115 (see FIG. 1) using a 10-bit data interface. In such an embodiment, the transceiver 115 serializes and deserializes the serial data to form a parallel interface (eg, a 10-bit wide or 20-bit wide interface). In another embodiment, this transceiver 115 is integrated within chip 110. Parallel data (input from fiber-channel) is captured using the receive clock from the receiver portion of each transceiver 115 and converted to a 20-bit wide format before decoding using a parallel 8B / 10B decoder. The addition of two k-characters (used to represent a particular set of orders) to 16-bit data is checked for word validity prior to being placed in the arbitration-loop logic circuit 26. The output of the arbitration-loop logic circuit 26 is resynchronized to the transmitter clock and sent to the receive-framing logic circuit or retransmitted on the loop 1250 via the encoder 27. In one embodiment, encoder 27 converts one 8-bit character into one 10-bit character during each operation; In another embodiment, two or more 8-bit characters are converted during each operation to the corresponding number of 10-bit characters. (See US Pat. No. 5,663,724, registered as a "16B / 20B encoder.") The arbitration-loop logic circuit ( 26 includes a loop state machine, an aligned set decoder and an elastic insertion and removal function. The loop port circuit 20 implements an arbitrated loop protocol (ie, FC_AL and / or FC-AL2 described above) as defined in the fiber-channel arbitrated loop ANSI standard.
In one embodiment, fiber-channel data is transmitted serially and 10-bit parallel data is converted by the transceiver 115. Receive register 21 captures 10-bit data (A_IN 3021 or B_IN 3022) from transceiver 115 using the clock generated by the receiver portion of transceiver 115. Data is immediately converted to 20 bits wide (ie two 10-bit character widths) before being passed through the 8B / 10B decoder 22. Although referred to as an "8B / 10B decoder," in one embodiment, the decoder 22 converts a 10 bit character into one 8 bit character during each operation; In another embodiment, two or more 10-bit characters are converted to the corresponding number of 8-bit characters during each operation.
The 8B / 10B decoder logic circuit 22 inputs the encoded data captured by the receive register 21. Two 10-bit characters are decoded in parallel to output two 8-bit characters. The performance mismatch in the input characters is checked so that the error condition is communicated to the arbitration-loop logic circuit 26 as well as the word sync state machine 23. Negative performance mismatches are forced on the next ordered set along with performance mismatch errors. Violations of the coding rules are also checked so that the code-violation state is communicated to the wordsynchronization state machine 23.
The receive clock loss decoder 24 detects when the receive clock from the transceiver 115 is stopped. When a " loss of incoming clock " condition is detected, the word sync state machine 23 is reset and the data is FIFO in the arbitration-loop logic circuit 26 (FIFO is a pre-input pre-output memory, typically an interface between the buses). Or used for processing with different speeds). Current-fill-word (CFW) is sent until word sync is reacquired.
The word sync state machine 23 monitors the input stream for word sync. Word synchronization is achieved when three valid ordered sets are detected using the proper byte control character alignment, and no intervening invalid characters are detected. "Word Sync Loss" is defined per FC-PH (ie FC-PH Physical & Signaling Interface X3T11 / Project 755D / Rev.4.3) standard. When word sync is achieved, data is input into the FIFO in the arbitration-loop logic circuit 26.
The sync loss timer 25 is used to determine when a word sync loss condition is provided for more than one maximum frame time (since detecting three valid ordered sets takes frame time). When the timer expires, microprocessor 112 is interrupted using LOSS-OF-SYNC interrupt signal 4025 so that it can take action.
Arbitration-loop logic circuit 26 provides loop elastic FIFO, loop FIFO control logic, aligned set-decoding logic, loop state machine logic, CFW select logic, loop output multiplexer logic, and miscellaneous functional circuits. Include. The loop elastic FIFO provides the buffering required to resynchronize the input data to the transmit clock. The loop FIFO control logic circuit monitors the state of the arbitration loop logic circuit 26 to determine whether an insert or remove operation is required. The ordered set is decoded by the ordered set recognition logic circuit. This sorted set includes an FC-PH defined sorted set (ie FC-PH Physical & Signaling Interface X3T11 / Project 755D / Rev.4.3), which includes frame delimiters and arbitration-loop aligned sets. The CFW selection logic circuit monitors the loop condition and decodes the ordered set to determine the CFW. When the arbitration loop is enabled, the hardware state machine uses aligned set decoding to determine the FC-AL standard (ie, fiber-channel FC-AL1 arbitration loop standard X3T11 / Project 960D / Rev. 4.5, or fiber-channel FC-). AL2 Arbitration Loop Performs the loop function described in X3T11 / Project 1133D / Rev. 6.3). Inputs LOOP A TRANSMIT CONTROL OUTPUT 6425 and LOOP B TRANSMIT CONTROL OUTPUT 6427 provide inputs to the arbitration loop logic circuit 26 from the logic circuit of FIG. Outputs LOOP A STATES AND CONTROL 6422 and LOOP B STATES AND CONTROL 6427 control the output of each loop and provide status to the loop control logic circuits, which in turn are loop-control circuits 40 (see FIG. 5). Create a request to the furnace. Output LOOP A DATA 4026 and LOOP B DATA 4027 provide data to each local port.
In one embodiment, the 8B / 10B encoder logic circuit 27 receives 16-bit data and 2 k-characters (low k is always 0) from the arbitration loop logic circuit 26. In one embodiment, inputs are encoded into two 10-bit characters outputted separately to transceiver 115 one at a time (see FIG. 1), which converts the data into a serial stream. In one embodiment, both 10-bit characters (ie 20 bits) are sent in parallel to the transceiver 115 which converts the data into a serial stream. The transmit multiplexer 79 (see FIG. 3) also indicates when an end of frame (EOF) boundary symbol is to be transmitted, to allow the encoder 27 to select the correct type of EOF based on the current performance mismatch. Provide status. Also, when the port is transmitting (in OPEND state) or when arbitration loop logic 26 is transmitting an initial signal, the performance mismatch is forced to the beginning of each non-EOF initial signal. Output signals A_OUT 3023 and B_OUT 3024 send data to each transceiver 115, 115 '.
5 is a block diagram of a loop-control circuit 40 (also called a frame transmit (" XMIT ") circuit 40). The loop-control circuit 40 (see FIGS. 3 and 5) not only generates a request to the appropriate arbitration-loop state machine, but also requests to the new framing state machine 72, 81 to begin sending frames or R_Rdy's. It includes a control logic circuit that generates.
The transmit data sequencer logic circuit 41 includes logic circuitry that is activated when a transmission is requested by the microprocessor 112. The transmit data sequencer logic circuit 41 monitors the transmission using the input signal TRANSMIT STATUS INPUS 6411 to generate an "enable" (ie, enable signal TRANSMIT CONTROL OUTPUT 6413) for each step of the transmission. This allows the transmit-ready and FCP responses to be generated without the involvement of the microprocessor 112.
The loop port A / B open control state machines 42 (port A) and 42 '(port B) are used when the port is opened by another L_port or when the loop 1250 is opened to transmit a frame. Process. This logic circuit creates a request to arbitrate and close the loop 1250 and a request to transmit R_Rdy's and various types of frames, and may be configured for half or full duplex operation.
The following conditions must be met to initiate the request for arbitration.
request from microprocessor 112 to transmit a frame with xmit port enable
Send port is in monitoring state
-Transmission length count is not zero
No request from microprocessor 112 to stop transmission
(Non-data transmission or data-write transmission with transmission-ready not yet transmitted is satisfied with the data threshold, or data-write transmission is satisfied with the data threshold and data frame buffer threshold)
When the port is configured for half duplex mode, R_Rdy's is only sent when it is open. R_Rdy's may be sent in either an open state or an open state when the port is configured for full duplex mode. The conditions for R_Rdy's to be transmitted include the available "Buffer to Buffer Credit (BB_Credit)" and a significant R_Rdy's below the maximum BB_Credit. (Buffer to Buffer Credit Control Logic circuit 603 is connected to allow frames to be transmitted. Create a buffer credit on the specified port, which is generated by sending R_Rdy's)
When the port is configured for half duplex mode, the frame is sent only when it is open. When the port is configured for full duplex mode, the frame may be sent in OPENED state or OPEN state if the port is opened in full duplex mode by the frame taker.
A request to send a frame is created when all of the following conditions are met.
The data frame buffer 55 has data available.
Buffer to buffer credit is available (received R_Rdy's).
The non-data transfer or data-write transfer and transfer-length counter (block 609) is not zero.
The condition that causes loop 1250 to close (control of the communication channel is released by port 116) is as follows;
No buffer-to-buffer credit is available when entering the OPENED state
For fairness, i.e. a predetermined limit (as defined in the limit register 163 of FIG. 1) for the number of frames that can be transmitted is reached (optionally) by the DHD counter 160 (optionally) and the minimum length register 163 The number of frames to be transmitted beyond the minimum length (as defined by) remains, and (optionally) the enable_DHD_suspend signal 170 is active.
No more BB_Crdit is available when there is no significant R_Rdy's and is in the OPENED state.
Processor busy request is enabled when the port is in OPENED state.
-The transfer is complete.
Data-read transfer operation and data not available
CLS initial signal is received and no more BB_Credit is available, and
The microprocessor suspend request is pending and a logical state exists in the frame.
In Fig. 5, the loop port A / B open initial control state machine 46 (port A, 46 '(port B)) handles the case where the loop is in the open initial state. These logic circuits 46, 46 'generate a request to transmit the frame. There is one state machine 46, 46 'each for each port. This state machine generates a request to send a frame and monitors the transmission of the EOF when the microprocessor 112 requests it. When the transfer is complete, the transfer-complete is created for the microprocessor 112.
Inputs to block 40 include PORT BB_CREDIT AVAILABLE TO TRANSMIT R_RDY (6017) and PORT CREDIT AVAILABLE TO TRANSMIT A FRAME (6020), LOOP A STATES AND CONTROL (6422), and LOOP B STATES AND CONTROL (6432) (FIG. 4). And DATA AVAILABLE 6019. The output from block 40 includes a TRANSMIT CONTROL OUTPUT 6413, a LOOP A TRANSMIT CONTROL OUTPUTS 6425, and a LOOP B TRANSMIT CONTROL OUTPUTS 6427.
III. Dedicated Frame Buffer for Receive Frames
In the dual-port fiber-channel arbitration-loop design 1200, a buffer in the on-chip frame buffer 119 is used to manage incoming and outgoing frames. Received and transmitted frames are typically stored in large off-chip regions (eg off chip buffer 111) at low transmission rates. Even when off-chip buffer 111 can accommodate the overall transfer rate for a single port, the bandwidth required for a dual port design is further increased, adding additional cost. On-chip frame buffer 119 (FIG. 1) in FC-AL ASIC 110 is configured in various ways to break the balance between performance, silicon real estate and cost. This disclosure uses large dedicated data frames, as well as the use of dedicated frame buffers 53, 53 '(components of the entire on-chip frame buffer 119) to receive non-data type frames simultaneously on each port. The provision of a buffer (also a component of the entire on-chip frame buffer 119) will be described in detail. In a dual port design in accordance with the present invention, frames may be received simultaneously on both ports 116. Frames are generally moved and stored in large off-chip memory 11 after they are received. Much information can be found in US patent application Ser. No. 09 / 193,387, filed as "Method and Dedicated Frame Buffer for Loop Initialization and Response."
IV. Use Fiber-Channel CRC for Data Integrity in On-Chip Memory
According to one aspect of the invention, a frame buffer that temporarily stores fiber-channel frames allows frames to be received at the maximum fiber-channel interface data transmission rate. Frames can be delivered to off-chip storage at a slower rate that can be better managed. Various mechanisms such as parity, CRC or other redundancy functions are optionally used to protect data while they are stored in the frame buffer.
In one embodiment, the data integrity check is enhanced by passing the received fiber-channel CRC code with the data through the frame buffer (i.e., the CRC is stored with the frame in the frame buffer and later read with the frame). For example, the extra parity bits that make the RAM wider can be omitted.
V. Methods and Apparatus for Reducing Intervention-Loop Overhead
In the fiber-channel arbitration-loop design 1200, the node interface 1220 of the loop port 116 must arbitrate access to the loop 11250. The priority system is used to determine which port has taken control of loop 1250, and the "fairness" regime is used to ensure that the port does not crave control. As the target device, the disk drive 100 is generally given a lower priority than the CPU information processing system 1202, and consequently, the drive 100 mediates until the higher priority devices have completed their access. Wait to get it. When node interface 1220 of loop port 116 gains control of loop 1250, it transmits as many frames as possible before closing loop 1250 to avoid unnecessary arbitration cycles. However, when data is no longer available, node interface 1220 of loop port 116 closes loop 1250 to allow another port to access loop 1250. This is the method used in some other controller architecture. The present invention provides a mechanism for enhancing loop performance by changing the rules for determining whether the loop 1250 is closed based on data availability to the port, thus reducing overall loop overhead.
In some other controller architectures, when an EOF boundary symbol is sent, the port determines whether other frames are available. If data is no longer available (e.g., not all frames are available for transmission), loop 1250 is closed. The data may soon be available again later, and the port must arbitrate again and continue to arbitrate before continuing to transmit. If this situation occurs that the last frame of the transmission becomes available, the completion of the transmission is delayed, which causes a delay before the next command is issued. The present invention provides a mechanism for controller structure design that allows loop 1250 to remain open by a port when data is immediately available for the port. In one embodiment, the following conditions;
At least an X-frame is available off-chip,
Expect sufficient additional data to be available to the port when at least Y word of data is available in the data frame buffer 55 (to justify that the port retains control of the loop). Loop 1250 remains open. In one embodiment, loop 1250 remains open when a predetermined amount of data is available (at least half the frame on-chip and at least one frame available off-chip), but the entire frame is used. Frame transmission does not begin until it is on-chip as possible.
It is an object of the present invention to keep loop 150 open to avoid additional arbitration cycles when data is made available immediately to port 116. Loop 150 should not remain open while waiting for data to be available if the wait is made for an extended period of time. This is because it prevents other ports on the loop 1250 from performing the transmission.
An improved communication channel system for preserving loop fairness that includes a first channel node 1220 having one or more ports 116 has been described above. Each port 116 is attached to and supports the fiber-channel arbitrated-loop serial communication channel 1250. One of the ports arbitrates control of the attached channel 1250 of the port, and once an arbitration is obtained in the control of the channel loop, the fairness preservation device 175 is between the first port and the communication channel 1250. Cause control of the communication channel to be released based at least in part on whether a predetermined amount of use has occurred.
In certain embodiments, the use of the predetermined amount includes the control of the communication channel being maintained for a predetermined length of time.
In another embodiment, the use of the predetermined amount includes the transmission of the first predetermined amount of data. In such an embodiment, the system 1200 further includes a first counter 160 that monitors the amount of data transmitted. The first comparator 162, operatively coupled to the first counter 160, is at least partially dependent on whether the control of the communication channel reaches the amount of the first predetermined amount of data monitored by the first counter. To be released on the basis of In one embodiment, the first predetermined amount of data is held in register 163.
In certain embodiments, system 1200 further includes a second counter 165 that monitors the amount of data remaining to be transmitted. A second comparator 167 is dynamically coupled with the second counter 165 and based at least in part on whether the amount of data monitored by the second counter 165 is less than the amount of the second predetermined data. To prevent the release of control of the communication channel. In one embodiment, the second predetermined amount of data is maintained in register 168.
In certain embodiments, the system 1200 further supports a dynamic half duplex scheme, where the first counter 160 and the first comparator 162 are in response to receiving a command of the dynamic half duplex scheme by the first port. It is initialized.
In certain embodiments, the first predetermined amount of data and the second predetermined amount of data are programmable amounts.
The system 1200 of certain embodiments further includes a magnetic disk storage drive 114 dynamically coupled to the first channel node 1220. Computer system 1202 includes a second channel node 1220, the second channel node 1220 for data transmission between the first and second channel nodes via a fiber-channel arbitration-loop serial communication channel. And is dynamically coupled to the first channel node within the fiber-channel loop 1250.
Another feature of the invention is the method comprising the steps of: (a) mediating control over a loop of a fiber-channel arbitration-loop serial communication channel; And (b) releasing control of the communication channel based at least in part on whether a predetermined amount of usage has occurred between the first port and the communication channel.
In one embodiment, the step of (b) releasing includes (b) (i) determining whether the control of the communication channel has been maintained for a predetermined length of time; And (b) (ii) releasing the control of the loop based on the determining step (b) (i).
In another embodiment method, the step of (b) releasing comprises (b) (iii) determining whether a first predetermined amount of data has been transmitted; And (b) (iv) releasing control of the loop based on the determining step (b) (i). In such an embodiment, determining (b) (iii) comprises: (b) (iii) (A) monitoring the number of frames transmitted to provide a first value; And (b) (iii) (B) comparing the first value with a first predetermined amount of data.
In another embodiment method, step (b) of releasing comprises: (b) (v) determining whether a second predetermined amount of data remains to be transmitted; And (b) (vi) preventing the release of control of the loop based on the determining step (b) (vi).
Certain embodiments of the method described above comprise the steps of: (c) receiving a command of a dynamic half-duplex scheme; And (d) initiating the determining step (b) (iii) upon receipt of a dynamic half-duplex command. In this given embodiment, the initializing step (d) further comprises (d) (i) programmably setting the first predetermined amount of data and the second predetermined amount of data.
Another feature of the present invention provides a fiber-channel node controller system that preserves loop fairness. Such a system comprises a first channel node 1220 having a fiber-channel arbitration-loop serial communication channel 1250, and a first port 116 attached to the fiber-channel arbitration-loop serial communication channel 1250. Wherein the first port arbitrates control of the communication channel to which the port is attached, causing the communication channel control to be released based at least in part on whether a predetermined amount of use occurs between the first port and the communication channel. Fairness-preservation means as described above.
It is to be understood that the above description is for illustrative purposes only and not limitation. Although various features and advantages of various embodiments of the invention have been developed in the foregoing description, modifications to many other embodiments and details will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Determined by the claims.
Claims (18)
- A communication channel system for preserving loop fairness,A first channel node having a first port for attaching to a fiber-channel arbitration-loop serial communication channel, said first port mediating control over said ported communication channel;A fairness preservation device operably coupled to the first port;Wherein the first port mediates control over a loop of the communication channel and after the control is obtained, the fairness preservation device determines whether a predetermined amount of use has occurred between the first port and the communication channel. Cause the control of the communication channel to be released based at least in part on whether or not the use of the predetermined amount comprises transmitting a first predetermined amount of data,The fairness preservation device is:A first counter for monitoring the amount of data transmitted;Operatively connected to the first counter causing the control of the communication channel to be released based at least in part on whether the amount of data monitored by the first counter reaches the amount of the first predetermined data. A first comparator circuit;A second counter for monitoring the remaining amount of data to be transmitted; AndA operatively coupled to the second counter that prevents the control of the communication channel from being released based at least in part on whether the amount of data monitored by the second counter is less than a second predetermined amount of data. Two comparator circuits;Communication channel system comprising a.
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- The method of claim 1, wherein the first channel node supports a dynamic half-duplex scheme, and the first counter and the first comparator circuit are initialized upon receipt of a dynamic half-duplex instruction by the first port. Communication channel system.
- 8. The communication channel system of claim 7, wherein the first predetermined amount of data and the second predetermined amount of data are programmable amounts.
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- The method of claim 1,Fiber-channel arbitrated-loop serial communication channel;A magnetic disk storage drive dynamically coupled to the first channel node; AndA computer system having a second channel node;Wherein the second channel node is operable to the first channel node in a fiber-channel loop for data transmission between the first and second channel nodes via the fiber-channel arbitrated-loop serial communication channel. Communication channel system, characterized in that coupled to.
- In the communication method,(a) arbitrating control over the loop of the fiber-channel arbitration-loop serial communication channel; And(b) releasing control of the communication channel based at least in part on whether a predetermined amount of use has occurred between the first port and the communication channel, wherein the releasing step (b) comprises:(b) (i) determining whether the first predetermined amount of data has been transmitted;(b) (ii) releasing control of the loop based on the determining step (b) (i);(b) (iii) determining whether a second predetermined amount of data to be sent remains;(b) (iv) preventing the release of control of the loop based on the determining step (b) (iii);Communication method comprising a.
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- The method of claim 11, wherein the determining step (b) (iii),(b) (iii) (A) monitoring the number of frames transmitted to provide a first value; And(b) (iii) (B) comparing the first value with the first predetermined amount of data;Communication method characterized in that it further comprises.
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- The method of claim 11,(c) receiving a dynamic half-duplex command; And(d) initiating said determining step (b) (iii) upon receipt of said dynamic half-duplex command;Communication method characterized in that it further comprises.
- The method of claim 16, wherein the initializing step (d),(d) (i) programmably setting said first predetermined amount of data and said second predetermined amount of data.
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