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Foodpharmacy Blog: Supplements, Flu, Cough, Cold
Naturade, Standardized Elderberry Extract Syrup with Vitamin C & Zinc, 4.2 fl oz (125 ml)
Product name: Naturade, Standardized Elderberry Extract Syrup with Vitamin C & Zinc, 4.2 fl oz (125 ml)
Quantity: 4.2 fl oz, 0.18 kg, 13 x 6.6 x 3.8 cm
Categories: Naturade, Herbs, Homeopathy, Elderberry Sambucus, Supplements, Healthy Lifestyles, Cold, Cough, Flu, Immune Support, Gluten Free
Organic Sambucus Concentrated Extract for Immune Support, High Antioxidant Levels, Gluten Free, Great Tasting Berry Flavored Syrup, Dietary Supplement, No Added Sugar, With Vitamin C, Zinc and Buckwheat Honey for Added Immune Support, Sumbucus nigra is a genus of flowering plants in the family Adoxaceae native to Europe also know as black elderberry, A unique concentrated extract made from the prized Haschberg variety of European black elderberries (Sambucus nigra), Very rich in naturally occurring flavonoids, specifically anthocyanins, providing the highest antioxidant levels available, Our extract is developed through a physical extraction process (non-solvent extraction), which retains higher levels of the berries natural properties.
Several studies that examined probiotics combined with vitamins and minerals also found a reduction in the number of colds caught by adults, although it is not possible to say whether the vitamins, minerals, or probiotics were most responsible for the benefit. Exercise has been shown to reduce cold and flu infections, and so, of course, has frequent hand-washing. Supportive treatment for children with the common cold. In the best years it can reduce your chance of getting the flu by 75% or more. Exercise and psychosocial factors modulate immunity to influenza vaccine in elderly individuals. Also known as umckaloabo, this traditional african herb can significantly shorten the duration and severity of colds, bronchitis, sinusitis, and throat infections. It's easy to tell when you have a cold because, overall, you just feel cruddy (Technical term)! The best way to protect yourself from the flu is to get an annual vaccine (Flu shot). Effect of vitamin d3 supplementation on upper respiratory tract infections in healthy adults: The vidaris randomized controlled trial.
Naturade, Standardized Elderberry Extract Syrup with Vitamin C & Zinc, 4.2 fl oz (125 ml): Flu, Cough, Cold, Healthy Lifestyles, Supplements, Elderberry Sambucus, Homeopathy
Some time ago, there was preliminary evidence that zinc might reduce the duration of a cold, but there was never any evidence that it could work for the flu. Another small study found that five days of elderberry syrup (15 Ml four times a day) was more effective than a placebo at relieving flu-like symptoms. For colds with watery, burning discharge from the eyes and nose, throbbing headache, nasal congestion that is not relieved by sneezing, dry mouth, sensitivity to cold, and a thirst for small sips of fluid. Pilot clinical study on a proprietary elderberry extract: Efficacy in addressing influenza symptoms. We are in our seventies and very aware of what the flu can do to people of our age so we want to keep black elderberry handy. My husband ran to walmart, so i asked him to see if they had any elderberry medicines that i could try. Antivirals (Such as tamiflu) are the only medication known to treat the virus that causes influenza. For best results, use at the first sign of symptoms of a cold or flu and continue to use for an additional 48 hours after symptoms subside. If you have asthma, emphysema, or any other respiratory disease, you should talk to your doctor as soon as you develop cold symptoms.
Numerous editions were published throughout the two centuries which followed, reportedly containing at least 6 recipes for black elderberry syrup. Homoeopathic oscillococcinum for preventing and treating influenza and influenza-like syndromes. Colds are also transmitted through the air, when someone with a cold coughs or sneezes. Even if this berry might increase cytokine production, it is only a theory that such an effect might benefit the immune system in fighting the flu or another viral infection. Nearly 50 years later, we continue to innovate science-backed vitamins and supplements, delivering wellness solutions that help people live simply healthier together, and find vitality at any age. Stress may increase your risk of catching a cold. So-called good bacteria or probiotics help prevent infections in the intestines, and there is preliminary evidence that they might help prevent colds, too, although they have not been studied for the flu. Ineffectiveness of echinacea for prevention of experimental rhinovirus colds. Inhibition of several strains of influenza virus in vitro and reduction of symptoms by an elderberry extract (Sambucus nigra l). When nick rous feels a cold coming on, he starts taking vitamin c and lots of garlic. It looked at the effect of black elderberry on the immune system of healthy people.
It is soothing and calming for sore throats and dry coughs. Some herbalists caution against the use of slippery elm during pregnancy, saying it can increase the risk of miscarriage. Although evidence on whether echinacea works to prevent or treat colds has been mixed, recent research is encouraging. Vitamin d3 supplementation and upper respiratory tract infections in a randomized, controlled trial. But it is not possible to say whether the vitamins, minerals, probiotics, or a combination of the 3 were responsible for the fewer colds. Your body needs zinc for it's immune system to function properly, so some people think that zinc helps protect against catching a cold. The effect of herbal remedies on the production of human inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. On average, the patients who received the elderberry syrup saw relief of symptoms 4 days earlier than the group that received the placebo syrup. Interaction between warfarin and chinese herbal medicines. Cold and flu symptoms can be so similar; it can be difficult to determine the cause of your discomfort.
Homeopathic preparations are now available on most pharmacy shelves, and they often look like cough syrups and other over-the-counter medications. Of those who got sick, 17 were on placebo and 12 were on elderberry supplements. Since there are many types of influenza virus, and because they change over time, scientists develop a new flu vaccine every fall. The avian or bird flu is a type a flu virus. Combined with siberian ginseng in a formula called kan jang, the herb reduced cold and flu symptoms in clinical trials conducted in russia and europe. Preventing the common cold with a garlic supplement: A double blind, placebo-controlled survey. Researchers also have found that people who have taken elderberries have higher levels of antibodies against the influenza virus, showing that not only may the berry be able to treat flu symptoms, it may also be able to prevent influenza infection. More studies are needed to tell whether garlic has any true benefit for flu, however. Unfortunately, the internet is filled with misinformation such as claims that the vaccine does not work, or that it can give you the flu, or (Worst of all) the utterly discredited notion that preservatives in the vaccine cause autism. If there are healthcare concerns or questions, please contact your licensed healthcare professional for advice.
Naturade Elderberry Sambucus Cold Cough Flu
The recommended dosage is 1 vial 3 times over a 24-hour period, preferably at the very beginning of flu symptoms or any illness. Zinc acetate lozenges for treating the common cold: An individual patient data meta-analysis. Of course, a runny nose, cough and sore throat are usually par for the course with typical colds, too. Those who took elderberry had nearly recovered by the third or fourth day of treatment, while people who took the placebo required seven to eight days. You should not give children under the age of 6 any over-the-counter cold or cough medicine unless your pediatrician tells you to do so. Randomized study of the efficacy and safety of oral elderberry extract in the treatment of influenza a and b virus infections. From an emergen-c alternative to a home remedy that is sure to send your cold packing, we share a roundup of homeopathic cold medications to try this cold season. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should talk to their doctors before taking garlic supplements. All in all, elderberries could be a great option for patients to add to their medicine cabinets to prevent and treat cold and flu symptoms. If you have a cold though, you just have to wait it out. Robert bonakdar, a physician with the scripps center for integrative medicine in la jolla, pointed out that taking the right echinacea species is critical.
Does this product help your immune system fight off the flu? For colds that have gradual onset with watery nasal discharge that causes irritation, a feeling of fullness, or tickling in the nose and/or the back of the throat, muscle aches, fatigue, lack of energy, lightheadedness, and a headache with pain in the back of the head. Most pharmacies have an even larger selection of flu treatments with real medicine in them. A study of a small number of university students suggests that practicing relaxation techniques on a regular basis may help reduce the duration of a cold or the flu. For coughs and nasal congestion with thick, yellow-green mucus that does not burn the skin; symptoms tend to worsen in warm, stuffy rooms. Supplement facts active ingredients (In each chewable lozenge) purpose aconitum napellus 4x, eucalyptus globulus 2x, sambucus nigra 3x pain reliever and fever reducer bryonia 4x, eupatorium perfoliatum 2x cough suppressant gelsemium sempervirens 4x, phosphorus 6x sneezing, runny nose and sore throat ipecacuanha 3x nasal decongestant these indications are based solely on traditional homeopathic use. Short-course administration of a traditional herbal mixture ameliorates asthma symptoms of the common cold in children. A study found that elderberry has the ability to inhibit h1n1 infection in vitro.
At that dose, cold duration was reduced by 42 percent in adults. This is why homeopathic medicines are often my preferred choice of medicine for infants and children, and pregnant and nursing moms. Safety and efficacy profile of echinacea purpurea to prevent common cold episodes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. That being said, some people prefer organic elderberry supplements. Although anyone can get a cold, there are things you can do to boost your immunity and make you less susceptible. Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) supplementation effectively treats upper respiratory symptoms: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials. A couple of small human studies have looked at the effect of elderberry supplementation on flu and the common cold with some encouraging results that it might shorten the duration of illness. Because colds and the flu are viral diseases, antibiotics are useless and should not be used to treat them.
Dartmouth researchers showed, in the journal of international medical research, that zinc gluconate shortened colds by nearly five days, but a study of 250 schoolchildren published in the journal of the american medical assn. The herb may be an effective alternative to antibiotic misuse for viral infections and a potentially safer alternative to certain prescription drugs for cold and flu. Her work has been published in health, prevention, reader's digest, and parents, among others. The flu vaccine is not perfect, and it varies in efficacy from year to year, but it usually provides some protection.


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B. Shi, Y. Shang, T-W Chou, K. Fu
University of Delaware,
United States
Keywords: 3D printing, composite, thermosetting polymer, continuous carbon fiber
Summary:Additive manufacturing (AM) of lightweight and energy-efficient composite using continuous fibers to reinforce thermoset polymers is highly desirable in many applications, such as aerospace, vehicles, and constructions. However, the material, architectural, and technical limitations make existing AM technologies unavailable for printing structural and functional thermoset/continuous carbon fiber composite. In this report, we overcome these difficulties and introduced a new AM technology by creating a controllable and dynamic processing window to enable curing of liquid thermoset polymer in continuous carbon fiber structure, realizing a feasible 3D printing of thermoset/continuous carbon fiber composite with near net shape, complex geometry, and programmable performance. Our process enables us to print composite with overhanding structure in free space, without need for support material. This AM technology provides a new 3D printing concept and process knowledge beyond existing AM technologies to potentially enable high throughput processing and geometric complexity of printed composite, and has been demonstrated to be applicable to a wide range of fiber materials, including carbon fibers, carbon nanostructured-fibers, aramid fibers, and glass fibers, and could promisingly produce a transformative impact on the upgrade of additive manufacturing for many applications.
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- Is eating frozen potato bad?
- Can I cut potatoes and freeze them?
- Can I freeze raw carrots?
- Can I cut and freeze sweet potatoes?
- How do you preserve fresh potatoes?
- What happens if you freeze raw potatoes?
- Can I freeze whole raw potatoes?
- Do mashed potatoes freeze well?
- What is the best way to freeze potatoes?
- Can you freeze eggs?
- Do cooked potatoes freeze well?
- Can I freeze potatoes without blanching?
- What can I do with too many potatoes?
- Can I freeze raw onions?
Is eating frozen potato bad?
If you are eating them while still frozen, you could be exposing yourself to a potential physical choking or puncturing hazard from a thick frozen fry piece, lodging in your throat, or rigidly puncturing your esophagus, unchewed, assuming they were steak fries..
Can I cut potatoes and freeze them?
Freezer Tip: They freeze well. I keep all the cut potatoes in a large bowl filled with salted water until ready I am ready to process (cook) them. Place the salted water in large stock pot bringing to a full boil before adding the potatoes to blanch before freezing. … The potatoes will turn brown if you try to thaw them.
Can I freeze raw carrots?
Can you freeze carrots? Yes, you can freeze carrots – good news for those of you running out of room in your fridge. … To freeze carrots, you must first trim them down. It is also important to blanch them to kill potentially harmful bacteria before = placing them in the freezer.
Can I cut and freeze sweet potatoes?
With all those amazing ways to eat sweet potatoes, you'll want to stock up in the fall when prices are lowest. You can then slice, dice, bake, or mash what you won't eat immediately and freeze the sweet potatoes for up to 12 months.
How do you preserve fresh potatoes?
Only perfect potatoes are suitable for long-term storage. Place the potatoes in a cardboard box, paper bag, mesh bag, or basket to ensure good ventilation. Plastic bags won't allow them to breathe and will shorten their shelf life considerably, so remove them from a plastic bag if you've brought them home in one.
What happens if you freeze raw potatoes?
The short answer is no. Once frozen the cell structure changes as well as the taste. They will turn black when cooked.
Can I freeze whole raw potatoes?
A viewer recently asked, "Can I freeze potatoes?" Although you can't freeze raw potatoes (they discolor and the texture changes), if you suddenly have way more potatoes than you can use before they wrinkle, you can freeze some for a short period of time with the right preparation.
Do mashed potatoes freeze well?
While potatoes don't have a good track record for freezing well, mashed potatoes are the exception. As long as your potatoes are coated with plenty of butter and cream, they're perfectly freezer-friendly.
What is the best way to freeze potatoes?
Make the potatoes according to your recipe, then let cool completely, wrap individually in foil or plastic wrap, place in an airtight freezer bag and freeze for up to 3 months. You can thaw twice-baked potatoes in the refrigerator or reheat them from frozen in the oven or microwave.
Can you freeze eggs?
According to the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), you can freeze eggs for up to one year. When you're ready to use frozen eggs, thaw them overnight in the refrigerator or under running cold water. Use egg yolks or whole eggs as soon as they're thawed.
Do cooked potatoes freeze well?
Can you freeze boiled potatoes? Cooked potatoes can be frozen but there will be minor texture changes. If the potatoes have been packed poorly, they could take on a soggy, watery, or even grainy texture once thawed. That being said, cooking the potatoes prior to freezing helps cut the prep time when you're cooking.
Can I freeze potatoes without blanching?
You can use this method to freeze the spuds without blanching. To do so, first, you need to prepare your version of twice-baked potatoes. On a sprayed tray, place the halves evenly, and freeze till solid. Store in containers and bags for later use.
What can I do with too many potatoes?
7 Things To Do With Sprouted Potatoes Make Twice Baked Potatoes and freeze for later. … Bake, grate, and freeze as Freezer Hash Browns. … Bake, cut, and freeze for Freezer Home Fries. … Boil and make mashed potatoes – eat now or freeze for later. … Add some of the potatoes to a slow cooker and make Baked Potato Soup for dinner.More items…•
Can I freeze raw onions?
Wash, peel and chop raw, fully mature onions into about 1/2″ pieces. There is no need to blanch onions. Bag and freeze in freezer bags for best quality and odor protection. … For most dishes, frozen onions may be used with little or no thawing.


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What a competition...
Posted: Tue Jan 28, 2003 12:37 pm
Just read from the paper that Lordi got 3rd in a "Who's the best looking male singer in Finland"- competition!
That's the way to go Lordi!!
That's the way to go Lordi!!
Lordi forum
Sartyrio wrote:*mental note* Must move to finland. will get LOTS of chicks. )))))


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Dave Brondsema - 2014-01-07
- Labels: --> bitesize
If you are not logged in (aka anonymous) the voting buttons on tickets show up, but don't do anything when you click on them. The UI should match the backend permissions for voting. And I don't think it ever makes sense to allow anonymous votes.
Log in to post a comment.


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A few weeks back, Amazon announced that they were having a competition to promote the new Box Trolls movie. The competition was to make a costume out of an Amazon box. The price was $3000 in Amazon cards.
As someone who loves both Amazon (my wishlist is over 200 books strong at this point…. it's becoming a problem) and cardboard (see this post , this post , this post , this post , this post , or this post for a few examples), I decided to enter.
Amazon just announced the finalists this week, and I didn't make the cut. Insert sad face emoticon here.
But while I may not have won $3000, I did have a lot of fun, and my son really liked the costume we made together, so I wanted to share the results here.
Because this was going to be a mask for Wes (I decided to use the tried-and-true "Use your cute kid to win some votes" approach, which obviously didn't work out, but it was worth a try), I started by building out the basic mask shape around his head. This is exactly how I start all of my masks, as you'll know from my previous posts on the matter.
You start out with a sort of "harness" made from strips of cardboard:
Then you glue on a cylinder shape, cut out an eyehole (which in this case will actually be the mouth of the troll), and round off the top.
Next I added a smaller section to the top of the mask. This is where the troll's eyes would end up being. I was sort of (roughly) working from a picture of the box trolls I'd found on the internet.
And no, I didn't make Wes wear the mask the whole time while I was making it… haha! He was helping me though, so whenever it was time for a picture I would have him try it on.
Next I added the eyes, ears, and nose. These were all held on with tabs of cardboard. The ears used a couple different layers to give more of a textured effect, but this picture only shows the first layer.
Finally, I painted the thing. Afterwards, I went around the edges between the colors with a brush-tip Sharpie. This gave the mask a bit of a comic-book feel, but it really made the color differences pop a lot more.
Here's the final mask:
Tomorrow I'll share how I made the cardboard hands for the troll costume, and Friday I'll show the process for making the feet.
Stay tuned!
Oh, and If you like this kind of stuff, you should sign up for my newsletter!
Once a week I send out some inspiration, cool links, and stuff that'll help you become a better maker of things. It's totally free, and it's totally awesome. Sign up below!


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Adjuvant Efficacy of Nutrition Support During Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treating Course: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Background: Malnutrition and tuberculosis (TB) tend to interact with each other. TB may lead to nutrition deficiencies that will conversely delay recovery by depressing immune functions. Nutrition support can promote recovery in the subject being treated for TB. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition support on promoting the recovery of adult pulmonary TB patients with anti-TB drug therapy. Methods: English database of the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, PubMed, EMBASE, and Chinese database of CBM, CNKI, VIP, and WANFANG were searched. Randomized controlled trials comparing nutrition support (given for more than 2 weeks) with no nutrition intervention, nutrition advice only, or placebo-control for TB patients being anti-TB treated were included. Two reviewers conducted data extraction, assessed the quality of the studies independently, and any discrepancies were solved by the third reviewer. Data were entered and analyzed by RevMan 5.2 software, and meta-analysis was done using risk ratios (RR s) for dichotomous variables and mean differences (MDs) for continuous variables with 95% confidence intervals (CI s). Results: A total of 19 studies (3681 participants) were included. In nutritional support for TB patients, pooled RR and its 95% CI of sputum smears- or culture-negative conversion rate and chest X-ray (CXR) absorption rate were 1.10 (1.04, 1.17) and 1.22 (1.08, 1.39), respectively, the pooled MD and its 95% CI of body mass index (BMI) and time of sputum smears or culture negativity were 0.59 (0.16, 1.2) and − 5.42 (−7.93, −2.92), respectively, compared with the control group. The differences in outcomes of CXR zone affected, TB score, serum albumin, and hemoglobin were not statistically significant (P = 0.76, 0.24, 0.28, and 0.20, respectively) between the intervention group and the control group. No systemic adverse events were recorded. Conclusions: During anti-TB course, nutrition support may be helpful in treatment of TB patients by improving both sputum smears- or culture-negative conversion rate and BMI, shortening the time of sputum conversion negative. Whether it can improve the final clinical effect, there still needs high-level quality studies to confirm in the future.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis , which most commonly affects the lungs. It is the leading killer from a single infectious agent worldwide, especially in Asia and Africa. In 2009,[sup][1] in terms of a total number of TB cases in the world, India, China, Indonesia, and South Africa ranked first to four, respectively. The WHO 2014 reported [sup][2] that TB remains a major public health problem in the world. An estimated 9 million people were infected with TB, including 1.1 million people who living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at the same time. Each year, about 1.5 million people die of TB. More than 95% of the cases and deaths are in developing countries. Worldwide, the link between poor nutritional status and TB is well known in people with active TB, and weight loss is a well-recognized symptom of the disease.[sup][3] In accordance with guideline 2013,[sup][4] TB is associated with poverty, malnutrition, and poor immune function, and malnutrition can both precede and result from TB. For one thing, TB leads to malnutrition worse, protein-energy malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, be in a catabolic state, weight loss or low body mass index (BMI), loss of appetite, and fatigue.[sup][5],[6],[7] For another perspective, malnutrition is believed to make people more susceptible to TB and to delay recovery by impairing cell-mediated immunity against M. tuberculosis , and thereby increasing the probability that latent TB will develop into active disease.[sup][3],[8] In addition, poor nutrition is known to influence the treatment of TB by reducing in some patients' drug absorption of some key anti-TB drugs and by predisposing to drug-induced hepatotoxicity, which can lead to interruptions of therapy and may be fatal by itself.
In some trials, compared to the placebo group, consecutively receiving micronutrient is helpful to sputum smear, culture conversion negative rate, and other indicators or even make them significantly increased.[sup][9],[10],[11],[12] Also, specific nutritional diets (meals or food, such as enteral nutrition) provided for TB patients in hospital had received benefit results on both sputum smears conversion negative and gaining weight, including BMI. However, some studies [sup][13],[14] showed that the data from previous trials were inconsistent with the potential therapeutic effects on sputum smears or culture conversion negative when Vitamin A or zinc supplementation was given alone or combined with other micronutrients. In some developing countries,[sup][15],[16] the nutritional status for the majority of TB patients who combine with HIV infection or diabetes mellitus has shown a lower BMI than those who have no HIV or diabetes, and TB is even worse in severity and can accelerate the progression of HIV infection. The WHO suggests [sup][17] that the primary predictors on body weight and sputum smear examination should be monitored for all TB patients during anti-TB treatment to evaluate their response to therapy. In addition, sputum smears or culture conversion negative is the major substituted marker of the efficacy of anti-TB chemotherapy.[sup][18] However, no systematic review is available for nutrition support as adjunctive therapy to assess the effects on sputum smears or culture conversion negative time or rate and other nutritional indicators for TB patients during anti-TB course.
In this study, we aimed to solve above-mentioned conflicts and explore the evidence for the effectiveness of nutrition support in helping people to recover from TB and provide the reference basis for TB clinical treatment.
Criteria for considering studies for this review (Participants, Interventions, Comparisons, and Outcomes)
The selected studies for analysis were all randomized controlled trials. We chose adult TB patients with sputum smear-positive for acid-fast bacilli or culture-positive for M. tuberculosis , with or without concurrent HIV infection, diabetes mellitus, and diagnosed malnutrition as types of participants; extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients and child patients (age <15 years old) were excluded. The types of interventions covered any nutritional support that given at least 2 weeks during the anti-TB treatment, including high-energy-protein dietary, enteral or intravenous nutrition support, dietary guidance of a special group, and/or single or multiple micronutrients. Actually, only the time of nutrition intervention and control measure more than 3 weeks was included in the data analysis. Placebo or no nutritional intervention was chosen as type of control. The primary outcome was intervention effect (time of sputum swears or culture-negative, rate of sputum swears- or culture-negative, or chest X-ray (CXR) improvement or absorption rate, or TB score) at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months. The secondary outcomes included change in BMI or weight gain 10% and changes in levels of markers of serum albumin (ALB) and/or hemoglobin. Only having at least one primary outcome studies with or without secondary outcomes were included in this review.
Search methods for identification of studies
English database of the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, PubMed, EMBASE, and Chinese database of CBM, CNKI, VIP, WANFANG were searched from January 2003 to December 2013 using keywords of "nutritional support" or "nutrition therapy" or "nutrition intervention" or "micronutrient supplement" or "Protein-Energy malnutrition" or "nutrition assessment" and "tuberculosis and pulmonary" or "TB" or "PTB," these keywords have already been verified by literature retrieval expert, the limitation of language was Chinese and English, full reports of potentially eligible trials were obtained, as well as the references of eligible studies were also searched. Two reviewers (Si ZL, Shen XB) independently selected all potentially eligible studies using a predesigned eligibility form based on the inclusion criteria. Any discrepancies or differences in opinion were solved by discussion, where necessary, we contacted with a third reviewer (Zhou YZ). We also documented the reasons for exclusion that did not satisfy the criteria.
Quality assessment in individual studies
Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers (Si ZL, Kang LL). Five risk items of bias were used to assess the quality of included studies based on Cochrane Collaboration guidelines: Adequate sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of participants and personnel, blinding of outcome assessment, and incomplete outcome data. When the information was missing or unclear, we tried to contact the authors. Any dissimilar comments were settled by discussion, in case of disagreement, one reviewer acted as arbitrator (Zhou YZ).
Statistical analysis
Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.2 software (Available at http://ims.cochrane.org/reman). For dichotomous data, we calculated each study risk ratios ( RR s) for a binary variable. The mean difference (MD) was calculated for continuous data. All results were made with 95% confidence intervals ( CI s). Results were stratified into subgroups according to different follow-up period with any nutrition support type and approach. We assessed potential heterogeneity of effect estimates within each group using I [sup]2 test, where I [sup]2 (%) >50% and P < 0.10 was considered significantly heterogeneous, then random effect model was applied to combine results from different trials, otherwise, fixed-effect model was used. If significant statistical heterogeneity was noted in the outcome, we conducted a sensitivity analysis to investigate the stability of the results by removing studies. Funnel plots for asymmetry were examined whether there was possible risk of bias. The test for overall effect of included studies with P values of <0 .05 was considered statistically significant.
Description of studies
A total of 1055 articles were found using our search strategy. Of them, 19 conformed to the inclusion criteria, 7 were in Chinese, and 12 in English [Figure 1] and [Table 1].[sup][16],[19],[20],[21],[22],[23],[24],[25],[26],[27],[28],[29],[30],[31],[32],[33],[34],[35],[36] These 19 trials included 3681 participants in total. The studies were especially focused on adult patients; the age ranged from 15 to 70 years. Trials carried out in China included subjects with diabetes mellitus.[sup][16],[23],[25] Studies in other countries included TB patients who were infected with the HIV.[sup][20],[21],[30]{Figure 1}{Table 1}
The included trials assessed a range of diverse nutritional supports. Interventions included a high-energy-protein dietary,[sup][23],25,[30],[31],[32],[33],[34],[35],[36] micronutrient supplements,[sup][19],[21],[22],[24],[26],[27],[29],[32] and arginine supplement.[sup][19],[30] Information on the doses and anti-TB regimens is shown in [Table 1]. The trials were carried out in China with blank as the control group, and the others were used for placebo as the control group. Supplement and placebo capsules were indistinguishable in appearance both externally and internally.
These 19 articles covered primary outcome that are the time of sputum smears or culture negativity, the conversion rate of sputum smears or culture; 7 of the articles reported the primary outcome of CXR improvement or absorption or TB score; and 15 of the articles contained some or part of nutritional indicators, such as BMI, weight gaining, hemoglobin, and ALB [Table 1].
Risk of bias in included studies
Eleven trials described an adequate method of generating a truly random allocation sequence, one trial depicted the method of generating a defective random allocation sequence,[sup][34] and the other trials did not report that how group allocation sequences were generated although all were described as "randomized."
Seven trials represented an adequate method of ensuring allocation concealment. The other trials did report insufficient information to determine if the allocation sequence was truly hidden from the person allocating participants to the treatment groups. Ten trials reported blinding of participants and personnel and 9 trials blinded participants in their group allocation using placebos and others with blank or dietary advice only.
We can directly come to conclusion that the qualities of included studies conducted in abroad were higher than those carried out in China. After contacting the author, 7 articles carried out in China got "unclear" in "random sequence generation" and no articles in China got "yes" in "allocation concealment," while 11 studies carried out in abroad, only 3[sup][24],[29],[32] got "no" in allocation concealment, and no trials in China got "yes" in "double blinding," while conducted in non-China was 10 trials used for blinding.
The quality assessment of the included studies is shown in [Table 2].{Table 2}
Primary outcomes of the effects of interventions
Sputum smears- or culture-negative conversion rate of tuberculosis patients used any nutritional support method
Seventeen trials reported on the primary outcome of sputum smears- or culture-negative conversion rate. According to the various points of follow-up, we selected four points (1, 2, 3, and 6 months, respectively) to reflect intensive phase and consolidation phase of the intervention effect for TB patients.
The pooled results of follow-up 1, 2, 3, and 6 months that given nutrition support group showed that the sputum smears- or culture-negative conversion rates were more remarkable increased than control group, in particular at 2 months, and the overall effects were significant different ( P < 0.01). Furthermore, test for subgroup differences showed that there were not any differences among subgroups ( P > 0.05). In this regard, the time and specific nutritional support approach impacted on the conversion rate of sputum smears or culture was limited. Significant statistical heterogeneity was noted in the outcome, therefore random effect model should be applied ( P < 0.1 and I [sup]2 > 50%). The pooled RR and its 95% CI s were 1.10 (1.04, 1.17) [Figure 2].{Figure 2}
Time of sputum smears or culture negativity
In the pooled results of four trials [Figure 3], the time of sputum smears or culture negativity in nutrition support group was evidently shorter than that in the control group ( P < 0.01). The random effect model should be applied ( P < 0.1 and I [sup]2 > 50%), and the pooled MD and its 95% CI were −5.42 (−7.93, −2.92).{Figure 3}
Chest X-ray absorption rates
Two trials [sup][23],[35] reported the effect of CXR absorption in high-energy and protein dietary was superior to dietary advice only or general diet group ( P < 0.01). The fixed effect model should be applied, and the pooled RR and its 95% CI were 1.22 (1.08, 1.39) [Figure 4].{Figure 4}
Chest X-ray zones affected
From the pooled results of three trials,[sup][19],[27],[30] there was no any statistical difference ( P > 0.05) in the CXR zones affected between micronutrient supplement group and the control group when micronutrient supplement was performed at follow-up 2 months [Figure 5].{Figure 5}
Tuberculosis score
In the pooled results of three trials,[sup][20],[21],[27] there was no any statistical difference ( P > 0.05) in TB score between micronutrient supplement group and the control group when micronutrient supplement was performed at follow-up 2 months. The fixed effect model should be applied, and the pooled MD and its 95% CI were −0.17 (−0.44, 0.11) [Figure 6].{Figure 6}
Secondary outcomes
Body mass index changed during follow-up
The pooled results of following up 1, 2, 3, and 6 months showed that the nutrition support group gained significantly more BMI than the control group at different follow-up points, in particular, 1 month, and the overall effects with statistical significance ( P < 0.01). However, test for subgroup differences showed that there was statistical significance among subgroups ( P < 0.05). There was significant statistical heterogeneity in the outcome, the further analysis should be accounted for subgroup differences. The random-effects model should be used, and the pooled MD and its 95% CI were 0.59 (0.16, 1.02) [Figure 7].{Figure 7}
Weight gain 10% at 2 months
Three trials [sup][20],[21],[30] reported that there was not any statistical difference ( P > 0.05) in weight gain 10% between micronutrient supplement group and the control when micronutrient supplement was performed at follow-up 2 months. There was no significant statistical heterogeneity in the outcome; therefore, fixed effect model should be applied, and the pooled RR and its 95% CI were 1.10 (0.88, 1.38) [Figure 8].{Figure 8}
Hemoglobin changed during follow-up
From the pooled results of following up 2 months, 6 months after giving micronutrient supplement compared with the control groups showed that there was no any statistical difference ( P > 0.05) in improving hemoglobin between micronutrient supplement group and the control group when micronutrient supplement was performed at follow-up 2 and 6 months. However, test for subgroup differences showed that there was no any statistical significance among subgroups ( P > 0.05). There was no any significant statistical heterogeneity in the outcome, and then fixed effect model should be applied. The pooled MD and its 95% CI were 0.22 (−0.12, 0.55) [Figure 9].{Figure 9}
Meta-analysis of serum albumin increase in tuberculosis patients during follow-up
The pooled results of following up 1 month, 2 months, 6 months with any nutrition support method compared with the control groups showed that there was no any statistical difference ( P > 0.05) in increasing ALB between nutrition support group and the control during follow-up points at 2 and 6 months. However, test for subgroup differences showed that there were no statistically significant differences among subgroups ( P > 0.05). There was no any significant statistical heterogeneity in the outcome, and then fixed effect model should be used. The pooled MD and its 95% CI were 1.40 (−1.14, 3.94) [Figure 10].{Figure 10}
Sensitivity analysis and funnel plots analysis
Sensitivity analysis
In the studies of sputum smears- or culture-negative conversion rate, after removing two studies,[sup][22],[34] the result of RR was 1.08 (95% CI : 1.03–1.14). The two studies either included or excluded, the result of P value is the same. To further analyze the sensitivity of included studies, two studies were excluded because of dissimilar results or high risk on generating a truly random allocation sequence. For time of sputum smears or culture negativity and BMI, the summary of MD was −5.42 (−7.88, −2.59) and 0.54 (0.07, 1.01) after removing either of the two studies,[sup][19],[34] respectively, which were still near to the results before they were excluded. Regarding the CXR absorption rate, we could not analyze the sensitivity because of there are only two studies. Therefore, regardless of the nutrition support type and approach, the results of the sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the results of our study were steady and believable [Table 3].{Table 3}
Funnel plots analysis of sputum smears- or culture-negative conversion rate
[Figure 11] shows that the funnel plots were focused on top, and there was no obvious symmetrical, especially at 1 month, which may mainly cause by publication bias.{Figure 11}
In this review, we attempted to evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of nutrition support in assisting PTB. The 19 trials, in which a total number of 3681 TB patients involved, were conducted in a variety of settings including different layer income countries crossing Africa, South-East Asia, and Western Pacific, which mainly concentrated in Africa and Asia. Test for all subgroup differences showed that there were not any statistical
differences among subgroups when provided any nutrition support type and approach for TB patients. Therefore, the effect of any nutrition support type and approach was similar for TB patients when compared with the control group. So, the study only considered two main factors (intervention time and effect size) without any complicating co-factors between diverse groups.
The current meta-analyses found that the impact of improved sputum-negative conversion rates and BMI, shortened the time of sputum-negative conversion, is well-recognized. All above results were statistically significant compared with control groups during long-term anti-TB. However, significant statistical heterogeneity was noted in both outcomes. Also, CXR absorption in high-energy and protein dietary was superior to dietary advice only or general diet group with statistically significant. The main factors of these findings might be considered. It is well known that the TB infectious source are mainly sputum smear- or culture-positive TB patients, especially with smear-positive PTB possess stronger infectious. Sputum conversion negative was the main result of anti-TB treatment. This review showed that nutritional support may accelerate the process since the time of sputum conversion negative for nutritional support was shorter than control as shown in [Figure 3]. The possible reasons for this result as follow, immune function of the body might be weak when M. tuberculosis invades, and commonly losing of appetite during anti-TB course, inadequate intake of food and micronutrients might lead to malnutrition, especially in the first 2 months-intensive phase. So, continuously providing nutrition support (protein and energy intake and intake of micronutrients) not only enhances the immune response function but also makes the cell-mediated immunity fight the M. tuberculosis , which can be maintained or increased in nutritional status.
It is well known that low BMI (<.5 kg/m [sup]2) is an established indicator for energy deficiency and malnutrition also influences the capacity of the cell-mediated immunity, which is the principle host defense against MTB.[sup][37],[38],[39] Receiving an adequate high-energy-protein diet added enteral or intravenous nutrition group during anti-TB treatment in hospital may directly result in BMI gaining more significantly than the control at 1 and 3 months. It is possible that an adequate diet, containing all essential macro-and micro-nutrients, is beneficial for TB patients to improve the BMI, and it might be the reason why test for subgroups differences showed no significant difference. Similar meta-analysis studies show [sup][40],[41] that short- and long-term use of specific nutritional support (oral supplements and tube feeds) for patients with diabetes are associated with improved glycemic control compared with standard formulas, and this may have implications for reducing chronic complications of diabetes such as cardiovascular events.
Macro-nutrition and enteral or intravenous nutrition showed statistical significance on CXR absorption rate. However, only two studies account for it, and the quality of the two trials is low. Is it the true effect or just a distorted estimate because of poor sample size needs to be considered? Similar results in individual studies with low quality distributed relatively in some areas. It is worth further research and more studies of high quality are warranted.
The meta-analysis of TB score, hemoglobin, and ALB with micronutrient supplement does not show any statistical significance during anti-TB treatment period. A couple of factors may account for these:First, TB score,[sup][42] based on symptoms and relate to signs, is a newly developed tool aimed at assessment of change in clinical state in patients. A high TB score correlates well with mortality, and low TB scores correlate with favorable outcomes, cure, and completed treatment rate. Micronutrient intake, especially intake of vitamins and minerals, has been associated with immune response, so it may have a weak relationship to improve the symptoms. Perhaps, it may relate to the insufficient number of included studies and a short intervention period. Second, a large majority of included patients are under-nutrition and being in catabolic state, especially during anti-TB drug treatment, which may be an issue that related to the extremely high dose requirement compared with healthy people, especially combined HIV and diabetes. For another, in accordance with previous studies,[sup][43],[44] the concentrations of ALB have the potential to be a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker for TB, however, malnutrition, chronic inflammation, or hepatic disease may lead to reduced ALB, and then relying on nutritional support to improve ALB of PTB patients is not obvious. Hemoglobin synthesis is an impediment when the M. tuberculosis invades, because the metabolic cycle of hemoglobin is taking longer than normal. So, the utility of nutrition support to improve the ALB and hemoglobin in common clinical practice is not straightforward.
Nutrition support is safe and well tolerated without any systemic adverse events reported in the included studies. The quality assessment showed this notion in high, especially the non-China trials. Furthermore, the results of sensitivity analysis showed the same result between after removing trials and before, thereby the results are reliable. There are still several factors that may lead to heterogeneity such as publication bias, carrying out in different settings with limited technological examination. The combination of nutrient support and anti-TB treatment show that it is beneficial on sputum conversion negative rates, time and BMI.
There are still several limitations in our review:First, with restriction on language, only Chinese and English studies are included, may lead to language bias. Second, there are still some references missing, poor sample size, gray literature, which may lead to publication bias. Third, the follow-up time points varied across studies and were not in complete accordance with each other. So, we choose the follow-up period that can represent the intensive phase and consolidation period to divide further time points, perhaps it is not applied to some trials. Moreover, the high-energy-protein food or intravenous nutrition and the multi-dose use of micronutrients in different countries are not standardized, so the optimum dosing schedule has still to be determined. In addition, it is worth noting that there is still no evidence on cure of TB treatment outcomes when using nutrition support as an addition to standard care. It is just beneficial to improve the sputum-negative conversion, shorten the conversion time, and increase the BMI.
In conclusion, there is sufficient evidence to assess the effect on sputum conversion negative rate, time, and BMI. During anti-TB course, regardless of its type and approach, nutrition support may be useful for the treatment of TB patients by improving both sputum conversion negative rate and BMI, shortening the time of sputum conversion negative. Based on the present evidence, there still needs higher quality trials to test about the effect of nutrition support on CXR absorption rate. Moreover, in terms of improving the TB score, further evidence that accounts for ALB and hemoglobin should be considered as well.
It is necessary for further studies to concentrate on any nutrition types for which encouraging results have already been demonstrated, including high-energy-protein food, multiple micronutrients or in combination with single micronutrient (zinc, Vitamin A, Vitamin D, and so on), as well as other meal replacements, conducted in areas where TB is prevalent to evaluate the effect on CXR absorption rate or zone changes, TB score, ALB, and hemoglobin. These trials should have sufficient sample sizes and at least moderate quality to detect what may be relatively final clinical effect. Moreover, it is needed for further trials to include participants who are HIV-positive or have complication diseases.
We sincerely appreciate the help from teachers Jia Ma, Xiao-Li Shen and Lu Wang for providing us with literature search to the text.
Financial support and sponsorship
This work was supported by grants from the Social Research Project in Guizhou Province (No. SY (2010) 3056 and (2012) 3112) and the Second 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Tuberculosis Prevention and Cure in Guizhou Province (Incubation Project).
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
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Article: AVSS1198
Projection 325 cm, mobile.
Varnished steel structure, oleodynamic unit with electric pump allowing movent from rest to play position and viceversa. Telescopic cylinder with piston rod, diameter 40 mm, with flow regulation included and continuous valve which blocks the movement at the desired height. Easy to roll away on the floor by means of total 4 non-marking wheels, 2 fixed on the front and 2 turnables on the back of base, automatically raising and lowering following structure's movement. Fully padded structure for maximum safety. Padded counterweight included. Projection cm 325. Space needed for positioning cm 420. Supplied with backboard made of 12 mm tempered safety glass, with high resistance pads (can be equipped, on demand, with red-light device to be linked to any 24" clock) and approved reclining ring as well as accessories for fixing the base to the floor. Fiba approved for international competitions. Made in EU.
Another sports equipment from category
Socket installation type. Projection 225 см.
Made of 25×25 cm polypropylene tiles UV resistant, easy to install and remove, useful for other different sports as well. Price at square mt. Made in EU.
Projection 325 cm, side folding.


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The idea that our health, longevity and overall life is not confined to any one rule of thought but can be changed in a moment. Through Dr. Ellen Langer's work we see proof of this kind of plasticity. She speaks of mindfulness which is really about being right here right now as opposed to the autopilot nature in which we normally run our lives. She has done experiments that show that by planting and experiencing new things our health, happiness and longevity can be more of what we would like them to be. Dr. Langer shows us what we buy into as a belief along with our absence from being mindful. Her work is fascinating and this video lecture should be watch in its entirety. One's life can be richer when we learn to be more mindful. Her website is http://www.ellenlanger.com/about/
Ellen Langer: Counterclockwise -Mindful health and the power of possibility
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Lewes Location
Newark Location
Services & Fees
Consent Forms
Therapist Tips & Topics
Co-Parent with Professionals
Connect to Tele-Therapy
Opioid Use START Initiative
Organizational Consultation
Career Opportunities
Separating & Divorcing Parenting Class
February 27, 2018
Katherine Elder, PhD, Licensed Psychologist
Today I will provide 5 simple strategies to increase your life satisfaction! Who doesn't want a more satisfying life?!?! Well, here's the good news, you are in charge of that! Let's get started...
1.) Take Time to think about what would make your life more satisfying. T...
February 18, 2018
Being a parent can be the scariest thing. But something even scarier is when your child's life is threatened. When tragic events occur like school shootings its hard to make sense of how people could act in such an extreme and hateful manner. This topic is even hard fo...
February 13, 2018
Valentine's Day is tomorrow! Many people think of this day as a time to show your true love to a near and dear one. Other people think it is just a stupid Hallmark created holiday. No matter what side of the fence you are on there remains frequent times we doubt our lo...
February 8, 2018
We can all recall a time in our lives when someone has said to us "Just sleep on it" or "You will feel better after a good night's rest". Sleep is crucial to our daily functioning. We need sleep to keep us smart, young, emotionally balanced, eating healthy, and functio...
February 4, 2018
Today I will share one of my most embarrassing moments as a parent. Why? Because this is how we grow. I hope you enjoy.
At 3 years of age my son took off ahead down the YMCA hallway. I was about 10 yards behind him when I see him stop and quickly without hesitati...
February 1, 2018
We can all recall this children's sing along "If you're happy and you know it clap your hands". Well, how many of you would be clapping your hands right now if you heard this song? My guess is not as many adults would be enthusiastically clapping their hands at the sta...
Is Your Child Anxious About Going Back To School? Here's How You Can Help
August 7, 2020
Options For Addiction Treatment
July 31, 2020
Supporting Your Children's Mental Health As They Return To School
July 24, 2020
Don't Worry About Worrying
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12 Children's Mental Health Resources
July 10, 2020
Why You Should Go On A Vacation
July 4, 2020
4 Ways The Sun Impacts Your Mental Health
June 26, 2020
What is PTSD?
June 19, 2020
What's The Difference Between A Therapist, Psychologist And Psychiatrist?
June 13, 2020
The 7 C's of Resilence
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At the age of forty, simply looking for something to keep her mind occupied, Pamela Lynch enrolled in an Arts degree at the University of Western Australia. What followed was an unexpected fifteen-year journey that culminated in a PhD in Classics and Ancient History.
Not content to take life easy Pamela then decided to trek to Everest Base Camp to celebrate her sixtieth birthday, returning to Nepal again two years later to take on a more difficult route through the Himalayas.
This trek didn't go as planned and Pamela was still in Kathmandu when, on 25th April 2015, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake, the largest in over eighty years, struck Nepal
In How The Hell Did I Get Here? Pamela takes us on her journeys through the Himalayas, as she reflects on her transformation from a shy, na ve young mother to the confident, outgoing woman of today.
All new 2nd Edition now with over forty full colour photos.


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GREENE COUNTY, situated toward the westerly part of Illinois, with Illinois river on the west. Area, 942 square miles. Face of the country rolling; soil, fertile. Seat of justice, Carrollton. Pop. in 1830, 7,674; in 1840, 11,951; in 1850, 3,658. (Fanning's, 1853)
Greene County, IL
How to Cite This Page: "Greene County, IL," House Divided: The Civil War Research Engine at Dickinson College, http://hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu/node/16294.


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2533 EL Cajon Boulevard
San Diego, CA 92104
5153 Jackson Drive
La Mesa, CA 91942
La Mesa area cosmetic dentist Frederick Lindblom, D.D.S. has extensive experience creating beautiful smiles. They're one of the first things people notice about you.
Our professional team will be happy to discuss your aesthetic dentistry options. The attractive results you'll get from Fred W. Lindblom, D.D.S can change your life!
Frederick Lindblom, D.D.S., in the La Mesa area accepts Cigna Dental® insurance. Our friendly team will be happy to file your insurance paperwork for you.
We know affordable dental treatment is important to you. At Fred W. Lindblom, D.D.S, your long term oral health is our top concern.
Frederick Lindblom, D.D.S., in the La Mesa area accepts Aetna Dental® insurance. At Fred W. Lindblom, D.D.S, our friendly team will be happy to file your insurance claim for you.
We want to make your dental treatment as affordable for you as possible. Your long term oral health is our primary concern.
Fred W. Lindblom, D.D.S is a trusted La Mesa area dental implants practice providing natural-looking, comfortable tooth replacement. We make it our mission to use a gentle touch during the process.
We hold ourselves to the highest standards to replace missing teeth and provide you with natural-looking results. Our goal is to restore your confidence and your bright, healthy smile.
La Mesa area cosmetic dentistry at Fred W. Lindblom, D.D.S can produce amazingly natural-looking results! You can have a bright, healthy new smile after just one or two sessions with Frederick Lindblom, D.D.S.. It's faster and more affordable than you may think.
4698 Convoy Street Suite 203
San Diego, CA 92111
San Diego area dentist Dr. Gary Sigafoos offers dental payment plans so you can afford the treatment you need. Just talk with our friendly team about your needs.
We'll be happy to work with you to find the solution that fits your situation. We're committed to making your oral health a reality.
San Diego Sleep Apnea Centers is a trusted San Diego area dental implants practice providing natural-looking, comfortable tooth replacement. We make it our mission to use a gentle touch during the process.
We hold ourselves to the highest standards to replace missing teeth and provide you with natural-looking results. Our goal is to restore your confidence and your bright, healthy smile.
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Ron Barry D.D.S.
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Bellisario, Nolan D.D.S.
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The art and science of implant dentistry has advanced rapidly during recent years and new techniques and materials have greatly improved our ability to replace missing tissues with functional and natural-looking artificial prostheses called dentures implants. However, it must be remembered from the outset that no prosthesis or artificial substitute will ever function as well as the original living tissues. Research has shown that the chewing efficiency of experienced denture patients is, at best, less than 20% as efficient as the average chewing efficiency of patients with natural teeth.
Both upper and lower dentures are retained in the mouth by an intimately close fit of the plastic denture base to the gums. The intimately close fit is achieved by a combination of muscle control and suction. Mastering the function of the lower denture is more difficult than learning to use an upper complete denture. By comparison, the lower denture has less stable tissue with which to rest on than the upper denture. The lower denture stays in place largely due to the ability of the denture wearer to control their tongue well enough to hold the denture down while they speak and chew. Therefore, lack of tongue coordination in a lower complete denture wearer can severely affect the patient's ability to wear a lower complete denture.
For various reasons, teeth have to be removed. After tooth removal, the residual bone that is used to support the teeth will then shrink away quite rapidly over the first year because the body knows that the residual bone is no longer needed. The greatest amount of shrinkage occurs during the first year after tooth removal. Research has shown that wearing dentures will accelerate jawbone shrinkage. As the shrinkage of the jawbone support progresses over time, new dentures will need to be fabricated in approximately six to ten years. Because each denture wearer is unique, sometimes the internal surface of the denture needs to be readapted to the gum tissues. This procedure is called a reline.
Some patients are never able to adapt to functioning day-to-day with their complete dentures. Many of these patients do not have adequate bone to stabilize a lower denture. Others never develop enough muscle coordination to learn to chew with their dentures. For many years, dentistry had nothing more to offer patients other than a denture adhesive. Today, such problems can often be managed through the use of implant dentistry. Even with as few as two dental implants, the retention and stability of a lower denture can be greatly increased with denture implants. In fact, the chewing efficiency can also be greatly increased. Some patients have estimated that they regained up to 70% of their original chewing capacity. Overall, patients feel more confident when they are in public because they no longer fear that their dentures will slip or cause them embarrassment with denture implants.
By Benjamin O. Watkins, III, DDS
+Jim Du Molin is a leading Internet search expert helping individuals and families connect with the right dentist in their area. Visit his author page.
The endosseous system of dental implants, currently the most popular system used in dentistry today, has been utilized to replace missing teeth for over thirty years. Dental implants are very successful. Dental implants are made of titanium, an inert metal that bonds with the bone and forms a very tight union. Dental implants have a 90% to 95% success rate and once placed and restored, can last for an indefinite amount of time.
Although rare, dental implant complications do occur. If the bond between the dental implant and the bone breaks, or the dental implant itself breaks, it may have to be removed. If so, it may be possible to replace the failed dental implant, either at the same time or after doing a bone grafting procedure.
There are two main reasons for dental implant complications are:
There are certain risk factors that may increase the risk of dental implant complications. Smoking, for example, halves the success rate of dental implants and is the number one risk factor for dental implant complications.
Also, persons that have a diminished healing ability such as people with uncontrolled diabetes may have an increased risk for dental implant complications. To reduce the risk of dental implant complications, and to prevent serious health complications from surgery, a thorough medical evaluation is required before dental implant treatment.
To reduce the risk of dental implant complications, make sure that the dentist that places the dental implants and the one that restores the dental crown on the dental implant have plenty of experience with dental implant procedures.
The success of dental implant treatment is dependent on the expertise of the dental team and the patient's ability to control plaque. With proper dental implant design and follow-up maintenance, you could enjoy the benefits of dental implant treatment for a lifetime.
By Laura Minsk, DMD


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NEW DELHI: India's refined fuel consumption in July slipped from June, according to preliminary industry data, indicating slower industrial activity as high retail prices, floods and renewed coronavirus lockdowns in parts of the country dented demand. Local fuel sales - a proxy for oil demand - plunged to historic lows in April when India imposed a country-wide lockdown. State-refiners' diesel sales, which account for two-fifth of overall refined fuel sales in India, fell by 13% to 4.85 million tonnes in July from the previous month, and by about 21% from a year earlier, according to data compiled by Indian Oil Corp (IOC). State companies, IOC, Hindustan Petroleum Corp and Bharat Petroleum, own about 90% of India's retail fuel outlets. Falling
Tag: Jet fuel
ATF price hiked 3%; no change in LPG, petrol, diesel rates
(Representative image)NEW DELHI: Jet fuel or ATF price on Saturday was hiked by 3 per cent, the fifth straight increase in two months, while there was no change in rates of cooking gas LPG, petrol and diesel. Aviation turbine fuel (ATF) rates went up by Rs 1,304.25 per kilolitre or 3 per cent in the national capital to Rs 43,932.53 per kl, according to a price notification of state-owned oil companies. ATF price was last hiked by 1.5 per cent or Rs 635.47 per kl, on July 16. This was the fifth straight increase since June. In four hikes, rates went up by Rs 22,483.91 per kl. Rates were hiked by a record 56.6 per cent (Rs 12,126.75 per kl)
ATF price hiked by 7.5%; petrol, diesel rates unchanged for 2nd straight day
(Representative image)NEW DELHI: Jet fuel or ATF price on Wednesday was hiked by 7.5 per cent, the third increase in a month, while petrol and diesel rates were unchanged for the second day in a row. Aviation turbine fuel (ATF) price was hiked by Rs 2,922.94 per kilolitre (kl), or 7.48 per cent, to Rs 41,992.81 per kl in the national capital, according to a price notification by state-owned oil marketing companies. This is the third straight increase in ATF prices in a month. Rates were hiked by a record 56.6 per cent (Rs 12,126.75 per kl) on June 1, followed by Rs 5,494.5 per kl (16.3 per cent) increase on June 16. Simultaneously, non-subsidised cooking gas LPG rates were


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What is Reddit?
If you spend a lot of time online, chances are you've heard of Reddit. The site bills itself as theRead more
If you spend a lot of time online, chances are you've heard of Reddit. The site bills itself as theRead more
Alexis Ohanian, the founder and former CEO of Reddit, stepped down from his position on the company's board Friday asRead more
Reddit went down Wednesday afternoon, with many users reporting errors with the social media site. Despite briefly going back online,Read more
Social networking platform and online forum Reddit suffered an outage as users encountered error messages when they tried to accessRead more
This collection of social media marketing and new hire announcements is a compilation of the past week's briefs from ourRead more
Steve Huffman, co-founder and CEO of online forum Reddit, called out TikTok as "fundamentally parasitic," while also declaring that theRead more
Reddit updated its policies on Thursday to ban impersonation on its platform. The ban encompasses everything from deepfakes to individualsRead more
Reddit has linked account activity involving the leak and amplification of sensitive UK-US trade talks on its platform during theRead more
Here's our recap of what happened in online marketing today, as reported on Marketing Land and other places across theRead more
Reddit is slowly rolling out real-time chat rooms across a limited number of subreddits. Currently in beta, Reddit Chat wentRead more


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