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Linguistic andropowogy
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Linguistic andropowogy is de interdiscipwinary study of how wanguage infwuences sociaw wife. It is a branch of andropowogy dat originated from de endeavor to document endangered wanguages, and has grown over de past century to encompass most aspects of wanguage structure and use.[1]
Linguistic andropowogy expwores how wanguage shapes communication, forms sociaw identity and group membership, organizes warge-scawe cuwturaw bewiefs and ideowogies, and devewops a common cuwturaw representation of naturaw and sociaw worwds.[2]
Historicaw devewopment[edit]
Linguistic andropowogy emerged from de devewopment of dree distinct paradigms. These paradigms set de ways of approaching winguistic andropowogy: de first, now known as "andropowogicaw winguistics", focuses on de documentation of wanguages; de second, known as "winguistic andropowogy", engages in deoreticaw studies of wanguage use; de dird, devewoped over de past two or dree decades, studies issues from oder sub-fiewds of andropowogy wif winguistic tactics. Though dey devewoped seqwentiawwy, aww dree paradigms are stiww practiced today.[3]
First paradigm: Andropowogicaw winguistics[edit]
The first paradigm is known as andropowogicaw winguistics. The fiewd is devoted to demes uniqwe to de sub-discipwine: documentation of wanguages dat were den seen as doomed to extinction, wif speciaw focus on de wanguages of native Norf American tribes. It is awso de paradigm most focused on winguistics.[3] The demes incwude:
- Grammaticaw description,
- Typowogicaw cwassification and
- Linguistic rewativity
Second paradigm: Linguistic andropowogy[edit]
The second paradigm can be marked by de switch from andropowogicaw winguistics to winguistic andropowogy, signawwing a more andropowogicaw focus on de study. This term was preferred by Deww Hymes, who was awso responsibwe, wif John Gumperz, for de idea of ednography of communication. The term winguistic andropowogy refwected Hymes' vision for de future, where wanguage wouwd be studied in de context of de situation, and rewative to de community speaking it.[3] This new era wouwd invowve many new technowogicaw devewopments, such as mechanicaw recording.
Hymes had many revowutionary contributions to winguistic andropowogy, de first of which was a new unit of anawysis. Unwike de first paradigm, which focused on winguistic toows wike measuring of phonemes and morphemes, de second paradigm's unit of anawysis was de "speech event". A speech event is an event defined by speech occurring during it (ex. a wecture, debate). This is different from a speech situation, where speech couwd possibwy occur (ex. dinner). Hymes awso pioneered a winguistic andropowogicaw approach to ednopoetics. Hymes had hoped dat dis paradigm wouwd wink winguistic andropowogy more to andropowogy. However, Hymes' ambition backfired as de second paradigm marked a distancing of de sub-discipwine from de rest of andropowogy.[4][5]
Third paradigm: Andropowogicaw issues studied via winguistic medods and data[edit]
The dird paradigm, which began in de wate 1980s, refocused on andropowogy by providing a winguistic approach to andropowogicaw issues. Rader dan focusing on expworing wanguage, dird paradigm andropowogists focus on studying cuwture wif winguistic toows. Themes incwude:
- investigations of personaw and sociaw identities
- shared ideowogies
- construction of narrative interactions among individuaws
Furdermore, wike how de second paradigm made use of new technowogy in its studies, de dird paradigm heaviwy incwudes use of video documentation to support research.[3]
Areas of interest[edit]
Contemporary winguistic andropowogy continues research in aww dree of de paradigms described above: documentation of wanguages, study of wanguage drough context, and study of identity drough winguistic means. The dird paradigm, de study of andropowogicaw issues, is a particuwarwy rich area of study for current winguistic andropowogists.
Identity and intersubjectivity[edit]
A great deaw of work in winguistic andropowogy investigates qwestions of sociocuwturaw identity winguisticawwy and discursivewy. Linguistic andropowogist Don Kuwick has done so in rewation to identity, for exampwe, in a series of settings, first in a viwwage cawwed Gapun in nordern Papua New Guinea.[6] He expwored how de use of two wanguages wif and around chiwdren in Gapun viwwage: de traditionaw wanguage (Taiap), not spoken anywhere but in deir own viwwage and dus primordiawwy "indexicaw" of Gapuner identity, and Tok Pisin, de widewy circuwating officiaw wanguage of New Guinea. ("indexicaw" points to meanings beyond de immediate context.)[7] To speak de Taiap wanguage is associated wif one identity: not onwy wocaw but "Backward" and awso an identity based on de dispway of *hed* (personaw autonomy). To speak Tok Pisin is to index a modern, Christian (Cadowic) identity, based not on *hed* but on *save*, an identity winked wif de wiww and de skiww to cooperate. In water work, Kuwick demonstrates dat certain woud speech performances in Braziw cawwed *um escândawo*, Braziwian travesti (roughwy, 'transvestite') sex workers shame cwients. The travesti community, de argument goes, ends up at weast making a powerfuw attempt to transcend de shame de warger Braziwian pubwic might try to foist off on dem, again by woud pubwic discourse and oder modes of performance.[8]
In addition, schowars such as Émiwe Benveniste[9], Mary Buchowtz and Kira Haww[10] Benjamin Lee[11], Pauw Kockewman[12], and Stanton Wordam[13] (among many oders) have contributed to understandings of identity as "intersubjectivity" by examining de ways it is discursivewy constructed.
In a series of studies, winguistic andropowogists Ewinor Ochs and Bambi Schieffewin addressed de andropowogicaw topic of sociawization (de process by which infants, chiwdren, and foreigners become members of a community, wearning to participate in its cuwture), using winguistic and oder ednographic medods.[14] They discovered dat de processes of encuwturation and sociawization do not occur apart from de process of wanguage acqwisition, but dat chiwdren acqwire wanguage and cuwture togeder in what amounts to an integrated process. Ochs and Schieffewin demonstrated dat baby tawk is not universaw, dat de direction of adaptation (wheder de chiwd is made to adapt to de ongoing situation of speech around it or vice versa) was a variabwe dat correwated, for exampwe, wif de direction it was hewd vis-à-vis a caregiver's body. In many societies caregivers howd a chiwd facing outward so as to orient it to a network of kin whom it must wearn to recognize earwy in wife.
Ochs and Schieffewin demonstrated dat members of aww societies sociawize chiwdren bof to and drough de use of wanguage. Ochs and Schieffewin uncovered how, drough naturawwy occurring stories towd during dinners in white middwe cwass househowds in Soudern Cawifornia, bof moders and faders participated in repwicating mawe dominance (de "fader knows best" syndrome) by de distribution of participant rowes such as protagonist (often a chiwd but sometimes moder and awmost never de fader) and "probwematizer" (often de fader, who raised uncomfortabwe qwestions or chawwenged de competence of de protagonist). When moders cowwaborated wif chiwdren to get deir stories towd, dey unwittingwy set demsewves up to be subject to dis process.
Schieffewin's more recent research has uncovered de sociawizing rowe of pastors and oder fairwy new Bosavi converts in de Soudern Highwands, Papua New Guinea community she studies.[15][16][17][18] Pastors have introduced new ways of conveying knowwedge, new winguistic epistemic markers[15]—and new ways of speaking about time.[17] And dey have struggwed wif and wargewy resisted dose parts of de Bibwe dat speak of being abwe to know de inner states of oders (e.g. de gospew of Mark, chapter 2, verses 6–8).[18]
In a dird exampwe of de current (dird) paradigm, since Roman Jakobson's student Michaew Siwverstein opened de way, dere has been an effworescence of work done by winguistic andropowogists on de major andropowogicaw deme of ideowogies,[19]—in dis case "wanguage ideowogies", sometimes defined as "shared bodies of commonsense notions about de nature of wanguage in de worwd."[20] Siwverstein has demonstrated dat dese ideowogies are not mere fawse consciousness but actuawwy infwuence de evowution of winguistic structures, incwuding de dropping of "dee" and "dou" from everyday Engwish usage.[21] Wooward, in her overview of "code switching", or de systematic practice of awternating winguistic varieties widin a conversation or even a singwe utterance, finds de underwying qwestion andropowogists ask of de practice—Why do dey do dat?—refwects a dominant winguistic ideowogy. It is de ideowogy dat peopwe shouwd "reawwy" be monogwot and efficientwy targeted toward referentiaw cwarity rader dan diverting demsewves wif de messiness of muwtipwe varieties in pway at a singwe time.[22]
Much research on winguistic ideowogies probes subtwer infwuences on wanguage, such as de puww exerted on Tewa, a Kiowa-Tanoan wanguage spoken in certain New Mexican puebwos and on de Hopi Reservation in Arizona, by "kiva speech", discussed in de next section, uh-hah-hah-hah.[23]
Oder winguists have carried out research in de areas of wanguage contact, wanguage endangerment, and 'Engwish as a gwobaw wanguage'. For instance, Indian winguist Braj Kachru investigated wocaw varieties of Engwish in Souf Asia, de ways in which Engwish functions as a wingua franca among muwticuwturaw groups in India.[24] British winguist David Crystaw has contributed to investigations of wanguage deaf attention to de effects of cuwturaw assimiwation resuwting in de spread of one dominant wanguage in situations of cowoniawism.[25]
Heritage wanguage ideowogies[edit]
More recentwy, a new wine of ideowogy work is beginning to enter de fiewd of winguistics in rewation to heritage wanguages. Specificawwy, appwied winguist Martin Guardado has posited dat heritage wanguage ideowogies are "somewhat fwuid sets of understandings, justifications, bewiefs, and judgments dat winguistic minorities howd about deir wanguages."[26] Guardado goes on to argue dat ideowogies of heritage wanguages awso contain de expectations and desires of winguistic minority famiwies "regarding de rewevance of dese wanguages in deir chiwdren's wives as weww as when, where, how, and to what ends dese wanguages shouwd be used." Awdough dis is arguabwy a fwedgwing wine of wanguage ideowogy research, dis work is poised to contribute to de understanding of how ideowogies of wanguage operate in a variety of settings.
Sociaw space[edit]
In a finaw exampwe of dis dird paradigm, a group of winguistic andropowogists have done very creative work on de idea of sociaw space. Duranti pubwished a groundbreaking articwe on Samoan greetings and deir use and transformation of sociaw space.[27] Before dat, Indonesianist Joseph Errington, making use of earwier work by Indonesianists not necessariwy concerned wif wanguage issues per se, brought winguistic andropowogicaw medods (and semiotic deory) to bear on de notion of de exempwary center, de center of powiticaw and rituaw power from which emanated exempwary behavior.[28] Errington demonstrated how de Javanese *priyayi*, whose ancestors served at de Javanese royaw courts, became emissaries, so to speak, wong after dose courts had ceased to exist, representing droughout Java de highest exampwe of "refined speech." The work of Joew Kuipers devewops dis deme vis-a-vis de iswand of Sumba, Indonesia. And, even dough it pertains to Tewa Indians in Arizona rader dan Indonesians, Pauw Kroskrity's argument dat speech forms originating in de Tewa kiva (or underground ceremoniaw space) forms de dominant modew for aww Tewa speech can be seen as a direct parawwew.
Siwverstein tries to find de maximum deoreticaw significance and appwicabiwity in dis idea of exempwary centers. He feews, in fact, dat de exempwary center idea is one of winguistic andropowogy's dree most important findings. He generawizes de notion dus, arguing "dere are wider-scawe institutionaw 'orders of interactionawity,' historicawwy contingent yet structured. Widin such warge-scawe, macrosociaw orders, in-effect rituaw centers of semiosis come to exert a structuring, vawue-conferring infwuence on any particuwar event of discursive interaction wif respect to de meanings and significance of de verbaw and oder semiotic forms used in it."[29] Current approaches to such cwassic andropowogicaw topics as rituaw by winguistic andropowogists emphasize not static winguistic structures but de unfowding in reawtime of a "'hypertrophic' set of parawwew orders of iconicity and indexicawity dat seem to cause de rituaw to create its own sacred space drough what appears, often, to be de magic of textuaw and nontextuaw metricawizations, synchronized."[29][30]
Race, cwass, and gender[edit]
Addressing de broad centraw concerns of de subfiewd and drawing from its core deories, many schowars focus on de intersections of wanguage and de particuwarwy sawient sociaw constructs of race (and ednicity), cwass, and gender (and sexuawity). These works generawwy consider de rowes of sociaw structures (e.g., ideowogies and institutions) rewated to race, cwass, and gender (e.g., marriage, wabor, pop cuwture, education) in terms of deir constructions and in terms of individuaws' wived experiences. A short wist of winguistic andropowogicaw texts dat address dese topics fowwows:
Race and ednicity[edit]
- Awim, H. Samy, John R. Rickford, and Arneda F. Baww. 2016. Raciowinguistics: How Language Shapes Our Ideas about Race. Oxford University Press.
- Buchowtz, Mary. 2001. "The Whiteness of Nerds: Superstandard Engwish and Raciaw Markedness." Journaw of Linguistic Andropowogy 11 (1): 84–100. doi:10.1525/jwin, uh-hah-hah-hah.2001.11.1.84.
- Buchowtz, Mary. 2010. White Kids: Language, Race, and Stywes of Youf Identity. Cambridge University Press.
- Davis, Jenny L. 2018. Tawking Indian: Identity and Language Revitawization in de Chickasaw Renaissance. University of Arizona Press.
- Dick, H. 2011. "Making Immigrants Iwwegaw in Smaww-Town USA." Journaw of Linguistic Andropowogy. 21(S1):E35-E55.
- Hiww, Jane H. 1998. "Language, Race, and White Pubwic Space." American Andropowogist 100 (3): 680–89. doi:10.1525/aa.19220.127.116.110.
- Hiww, Jane H. 2008. The Everyday Language of White Racism. Wiwey-Bwackweww.
- García-Sánchez, Inmacuwada M. 2014. Language and Muswim Immigrant Chiwdhoods: The Powitics of Bewonging. John Wiwey & Sons.
- Ibrahim, Awad. 2014. The Rhizome of Bwackness: A Criticaw Ednography of Hip-Hop Cuwture, Language, Identity, and de Powitics of Becoming. 1 edition, uh-hah-hah-hah. New York: Peter Lang Pubwishing Inc.
- Rosa, Jonadan, uh-hah-hah-hah. 2019. Looking wike a Language, Sounding wike a Race: Raciowinguistic Ideowogies and de Learning of Latinidad. Oxford University Press.
- Smawws, Krystaw. 2018. "Fighting Words: Antibwackness and Discursive Viowence in an American High Schoow." Journaw of Linguistic Andropowogy. 23(3):356-383.
- Spears, Ardur Kean, uh-hah-hah-hah. 1999. Race and Ideowogy: Language, Symbowism, and Popuwar Cuwture. Wayne State University Press.
- Urciuowi, Bonnie. 2013. Exposing Prejudice: Puerto Rican Experiences of Language, Race, and Cwass. Wavewand Press.
- Wirtz, Kristina. 2011. "Cuban Performances of Bwackness as de Timewess Past Stiww Among Us." Journaw of Linguistic Andropowogy. 21(S1):E11-E34.
- Fox, Aaron A. 2004. Reaw Country: Music and Language in Working-Cwass Cuwture. Duke University Press.
- Shankar, Shawini. 2008. Desi Land: Teen Cuwture, Cwass, and Success in Siwicon Vawwey. Duke University Press.
- Nakassis, Constantine V. 2016. Doing Stywe: Youf and Mass Mediation in Souf India. University of Chicago Press.
Gender and sexuawity[edit]
- Buchowtz, Mary. 1999. "'Why be normaw?': Language and Identity Practices in a Community of Nerd Girws". Language in Society. 28 (2): 207–210.
- Fader, Ayawa. 2009. Mitzvah Girws: Bringing Up de Next Generation of Hasidic Jews in Brookwyn, uh-hah-hah-hah. Princeton University Press.
- Gaudio, Rudowf Peww. 2011. Awwah Made Us: Sexuaw Outwaws in an Iswamic African City. John Wiwey & Sons.
- Haww, Kira, and Mary Buchowtz. 1995. Gender Articuwated: Language and de Sociawwy Constructed Sewf. New York: Routwedge.
- Jacobs-Huey, Lanita. 2006. From de Kitchen to de Parwor: Language and Becoming in African American Women's Hair Care. Oxford University Press.
- Kuwick, Don, uh-hah-hah-hah. 2000. "Gay and Lesbian Language." Annuaw Review of Andropowogy 29 (1): 243–85. doi:10.1146/annurev.andro.29.1.243.
- Kuwick, Don, uh-hah-hah-hah. 2008. "Gender Powitics." Men and Mascuwinities 11 (2): 186–92. doi:10.1177/1097184X08315098.
- Kuwick, Don, uh-hah-hah-hah. 1997. "The Gender of Braziwian Transgendered Prostitutes." American Andropowogist 99 (3): 574–85.
- Livia, Anna, and Kira Haww. 1997. Queerwy Phrased: Language, Gender, and Sexuawity. Oxford University Press.
- Manawansan, Martin F. IV. "'Performing' de Fiwipino Gay Experiences in America: Linguistic Strategies in a Transnationaw Context." Beyond de Lavender Lexicon: Audenticity, Imagination and Appropriation in Lesbian and Gay Language. Ed. Wiwwiam L Leap. New York: Gordon and Breach, 1997. 249–266
- Mendoza-Denton, Norma. 2014. Homegirws: Language and Cuwturaw Practice Among Latina Youf Gangs. John Wiwey & Sons.
- Rampton, Ben, uh-hah-hah-hah. 1995. Crossing: Language and Ednicity Among Adowescents. Longman, uh-hah-hah-hah.
- Zimman, Law, Jenny L. Davis, and Joshua Racwaw. 2014. Queer Excursions: Redeorizing Binaries in Language, Gender, and Sexuawity. Oxford University Press.
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Endangered wanguages: Language documentation and revitawization[edit]
Endangered wanguages are wanguages dat are not being passed down to chiwdren as deir moder tongue or dat have decwining numbers of speakers for a variety of reasons. Therefore, after a coupwe generations dese wanguages may no wonger be spoken, uh-hah-hah-hah.[31] Andropowogists have been invowved wif endangered wanguage communities drough deir invowvement in wanguage documentation and revitawization projects.
In a wanguage documentation project, researchers work to devewop records of de wanguage - dese records couwd be fiewd notes and audio or video recordings. To fowwow best practices of documentation, dese records shouwd be cwearwy annotated and kept safe widin an archive of some kind. Franz Boas was one of de first andropowogists invowved in wanguage documentation widin Norf America and he supported de devewopment of dree key materiaws: 1) grammars, 2) texts, and 3) dictionaries. This is now known as de Boasian Triwogy.[32]
Language revitawization is de practice of bringing a wanguage back into common use. The revitawization efforts can take de form of teaching de wanguage to new speakers or encouraging de continued use widin de community.[33] One exampwe of a wanguage revitawization project is de Lenape wanguage course taught at Swadmore Cowwege, Pennsywvania. The course aims to educate indigenous and non-indigenous students about de Lenape wanguage and cuwture.[34]
Language recwamation, as a subset of revitawization, impwies dat a wanguage has been taken away from a community and addresses deir concern in taking back de agency to revitawize deir wanguage on deir own terms. Language recwamation addresses de power dynamics associated wif wanguage woss. Encouraging dose who awready know de wanguage to use it, increasing de domains of usage, and increasing de overaww prestige of de wanguage are aww components of recwamation, uh-hah-hah-hah. One exampwe of dis is de Miami wanguage being brought back from 'extinct' status drough extensive archives.[35]
Whiwe de fiewd of winguistics has awso been focused on de study of de winguistic structures of endangered wanguages, andropowogists awso contribute to dis fiewd drough deir emphasize on ednographic understandings of de socio-historicaw context of wanguage endangerment, but awso of wanguage revitawization and recwamation projects.[36]
See awso[edit]
- Ednowinguistics
- Evowutionary psychowogy of wanguage
- Identity (sociaw science)
- Ideowogy
- Language contact
- Linguistic insecurity
- List of important pubwications in andropowogy
- Miyako Inoue
- Semiotic andropowogy
- Sociocuwturaw winguistics
- Sociowinguistics
- Sociowogy of wanguage
- Worwd Oraw Literature Project
- Feraw Chiwd
- ^ Duranti, Awessandro (ed.), 2004: Companion to Linguistic Andropowogy, Mawden, MA: Bwackweww.
- ^ Society for Linguistic Andropowogy. n, uh-hah-hah-hah.d. About de Society for Linguistic Andropowogy (accessed 7 Juwy 2010).
- ^ a b c d Duranti, Awessandro. 2003. Language as Cuwture in U.S. Andropowogy: Three Paradigms. Current Andropowogy 44(3):323–348.
- ^ Bauman, Richard. 1977. "Verbaw Art as Performance." American Andropowogist 77:290–311. doi:10.1525/aa.1975.77.2.02a00030.
- ^ Hymes, Deww. 1981 [1975] Breakdrough into Performance. In In Vain I Tried to Teww You: Essays in Native American Ednopoetics. D. Hymes, ed. Pp. 79–141. Phiwadewphia: University of Pennsywvania Press.
- ^ Kuwick, Don, uh-hah-hah-hah. 1992. Language Shift and Cuwturaw Reproduction: Sociawization, Sewf and Syncretism in a Papua New Guinea Viwwage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Siwverstein, Michaew. 1976. Shifters, Linguistic Categories, and Cuwturaw Description, uh-hah-hah-hah. In Meaning in Andropowogy. K. Basso and H.A. Sewby, eds. Pp. 11–56. Awbuqwerqwe: Schoow of American Research, University of New Mexico Press.
- ^ Kuwick, Don, and Charwes H. Kwein, uh-hah-hah-hah. 2003. Scandawous Acts: The Powitics of Shame among Braziwian Travesti Prostitutes. In Recognition Struggwes and Sociaw Movements: Contested Identities, Agency and Power. B. Hobson, ed. Pp. 215–238. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Benveniste, Emiwe. 1971. Probwems in generaw winguistics. Miami: University of Miami Press.
- ^ Buchowtz, M., & Haww, K. 2005. Identity and interaction: A sociocuwturaw winguistic approach. Discourse Studies, 7(4–5), 585–614.
- ^ Lee, Benjamin, uh-hah-hah-hah. 1997. Tawking Heads: Language, Metawanguage, and de Semiotics of Subjectivity. Durham: Duke University Press.
- ^ Kockewman, Pauw. 2004. Stance and Subjectivity. Journaw of Linguistic Andropowogy, 14(2), 127–150.
- ^ Wordam, Stanton, uh-hah-hah-hah. 2006. Learning identity: The joint emergence of sociaw identification and academic wearning. New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Ochs, Ewinor. 1988. Cuwture and wanguage devewopment: Language acqwisition and wanguage sociawization in a Samoan viwwage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Ochs, Ewinor, and Bambi Schieffewin, uh-hah-hah-hah. 1984. Language Acqwisition and Sociawization: Three Devewopmentaw Stories and Their Impwications. In Cuwture Theory: Essays on Mind, Sewf, and Emotion. R. Shweder and R.A. LeVine, eds. Pp. 276–320. New York: Cambridge University.
- Ochs, Ewinor, and Carowyn Taywor. 2001. The "Fader Knows Best" Dynamic in Dinnertime Narratives. In Linguistic Andropowogy: A Reader. A. Duranti, ed. Pp. 431–449. Oxford. Mawden, MA: Bwackweww.
- Schieffewin, Bambi B. 1990. The Give and Take of Everyday Life: Language Sociawization of Kawuwi Chiwdren. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- ^ a b Schieffewin, Bambi B. 1995. Creating evidence: Making sense of written words in Bosavi. Pragmatics 5(2):225–244.
- ^ Schieffewin, Bambi B. 2000. Introducing Kawuwi Literacy: A Chronowogy of Infwuences. In Regimes of Language. P. Kroskrity, ed. Pp. 293–327. Santa Fe: Schoow of American Research Press.
- ^ a b Schieffewin, Bambi B. 2002. Marking time: The dichotomizing discourse of muwtipwe temporawities. Current Andropowogy 43(Suppwement):S5-17.
- ^ a b Schieffewin, Bambi B. 2006. PLENARY ADDRESS: Found in transwating: Refwexive wanguage across time and texts in Bosavi, PNG. Twewve Annuaw Conference on Language, Interaction, and Cuwture, University of Cawifornia, Los Angewes, 2006.
- ^ Siwverstein, Michaew. 1979. Language Structure and Linguistic Ideowogy. In The Ewements: A Parasession on Linguistic Units and Levews. R. Cwine, W. Hanks, and C. Hofbauer, eds. Pp. 193–247. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
- ^ Rumsey, Awan, uh-hah-hah-hah. 1990. "Word, meaning, and winguistic ideowogy." American Andropowogist 92(2):346–361. doi:10.1525/aa.1990.92.2.02a00060.
- ^ Siwverstein, Michaew. 1985. Language and de Cuwture of Gender: At de Intersection of Structure, Usage, and Ideowogy. In Semiotic Mediation: Sociocuwturaw and Psychowogicaw Perspectives. E. Mertz and R. Parmentier, eds. Pp. 219–259. Orwando: Academic Press.
- ^ Wooward, Kadryn A. 2004. Codeswitching. In Companion to Linguistic Andropowogy. A. Duranti, ed. Pp. 73–94. Mawden: Bwackweww.
- ^ Kroskrity, Pauw V. 1998. Arizona Tewa Kiva Speech as a Manifestation of Linguistic Ideowogy. In Language ideowogies: Practice and deory. B.B. Schieffewin, K.A. Wooward, and P. Kroskrity, eds. Pp. 103–122. New York: Oxford University Press.
- ^ Braj B. Kachru (2005). Asian Engwishes: Beyond de Canon. Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 978-962-209-665-3.
- ^ David Crystaw (2014). Language Deaf. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-43181-2.
- ^ Guardado, Martin, uh-hah-hah-hah. 2018. " Discourse, Ideowogy and Heritage Language Sociawization: Micro and Macro Perspectives. New York & Berwin: De Gruyter Mouton, uh-hah-hah-hah.
- ^ Duranti, Awessandro. 1992. "Language and Bodies in Sociaw Space: Samoan Greetings." American Andropowogist 94:657–691. doi:10.1525/aa.1992.94.3.02a00070.
- ^ Errington, J. Joseph. 1988. Structure and Stywe in Javanese: A Semiotic View of Linguistic Etiqwette. Phiwadewphia: University of Pennsywvania.
- ^ a b Siwverstein, Michaew. 2004. "'Cuwturaw' Concepts and de Language-Cuwture Nexus." Current Andropowogy 45(5):621–652.
- ^ Wiwce, James M. 2006. Magicaw Laments and Andropowogicaw Refwections: The Production and Circuwation of Andropowogicaw Text as Rituaw Activity. Current Andropowogy. 47(6):891–914.
- ^ The Cambridge handbook of endangered wanguages. Austin, Peter., Sawwabank, Juwia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2011. ISBN 9781139068987. OCLC 939637358.CS1 maint: oders (wink)
- ^ Woodbury, Andony C. (2011), "Language documentation", The Cambridge Handbook of Endangered Languages, Cambridge University Press, pp. 159–186, doi:10.1017/cbo9780511975981.009, ISBN 9780511975981
- ^ Hinton, Leanne (2011), "Revitawization of endangered wanguages", in Austin, Peter K.; Sawwabank, Juwia (eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Endangered Languages, Cambridge University Press, pp. 291–311, doi:10.1017/cbo9780511975981.015, ISBN 9780511975981, retrieved 2019-10-08
- ^ Hornberger, Nancy H.; De Korne, Hawey; Weinberg, Miranda (2016-01-02). "Ways of Tawking (and Acting) About Language Recwamation: An Ednographic Perspective on Learning Lenape in Pennsywvania". Journaw of Language, Identity & Education. 15 (1): 44–58. doi:10.1080/15348458.2016.1113135. ISSN 1534-8458.
- ^ Leonard, Weswey Y. (2012-09-10). "Reframing wanguage recwamation programmes for everybody's empowerment". Gender and Language. 6 (2): 339–367. doi:10.1558/genw.v6i2.339.
- ^ Granadiwwo, Tania Orcutt-Gachiri, Heidi A., 1970- (2011). Ednographic contributions to de study of endangered wanguages. University of Arizona Press. ISBN 9780816526994. OCLC 769275666.CS1 maint: muwtipwe names: audors wist (wink)
Furder reading[edit]
- Ahearn, Laura M. 2011. Living Language: An Introduction to Linguistic Andropowogy. Mawden, MA: Wiwey-Bwackweww.
- Bwount, Ben G. ed. 1995. Language, Cuwture, and Society: A Book of Readings. Prospect Heights, IL: Wavewand.
- Bonviwwain, Nancy. 1993. Language, cuwture, and communication: The meaning of messages. Engwewood Cwiffs, NJ: Prentice Haww.
- Brenneis, Donawd; and Ronawd K. S. Macauway. 1996. The matrix of wanguage: Contemporary winguistic andropowogy. Bouwder: Westview.
- Duranti, Awessandro. 1997. Linguistic Andropowogy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Duranti, Awessandro. ed. 2001. Linguistic Andropowogy: A Reader. Mawden, MA: Bwackweww.
- Gigwiowi, Pier Paowo. 1972. Language and sociaw context: Sewected readings. Middwesex: Penguin Books.
- Sawzmann, Zdenek, James Stanwaw and Nobuko Adachi. 2012. Language, cuwture, & society. Westview Press.
Externaw winks[edit]
Downwoadabwe pubwications of audors cited in de articwe
- Awessandro Duranti's pubwications
- Joew Kuipers' pubwications
- Ewinor Ochs' pubwications
- Bambi Schieffewin's pubwications
- James Wiwce's pubwications
The Jurgen Trabant Wiwhewm von Humbowdt Lectures (7hrs)


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Viewing page 1 of 4 with 169 results for 'holy'. | Search URL for 'holy' (e.g. link itself).
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2020-08-01 10:56:04 'Holy land' under attack in another sign of Biblical apocalypse, preacher claims - Daily Star
2020-06-18 10:10:04 'Ring of fire' eclipse could be sign of apocalypse sending 'darkness over the Holy Land' - Daily Star
2020-06-13 08:28:03 Indian holy man who claimed he could perform 'Covid exorcisms' dies of coronavirus Daily Mail Online
2020-05-26 00:44:04 Compton Pastor Vows to Reopen Church When Holy Spirit Directs Him
2020-05-18 13:38:04 Detroit priest users water gun to spray holy water on worshippers to maintain social distancing - CBS News
2020-05-15 15:06:04 Holy Jewish site of Esther and Mordechai set ablaze in Iran - reports - The Jerusalem Post
2020-05-04 11:26:05 Christian news: Pope Benedicts fury with Pope Francis over holy water gaffe exposed World News Express.co.uk
2020-04-23 11:58:05 Tom Brady Accidentally Trespasses In Tampa, 'Holy S**t, He's In My House!'
2020-04-16 09:42:05 Pope Francis jokes whisky is 'the real holy water' in video censored by the Vatican - World News - Mirror Online
2020-04-09 09:50:03 Abp Vigan asks bishops, priests to pray Exorcism against Satan on Holy Saturday News LifeSite
2020-04-02 08:18:03 Death in the Holy Land: Coronavirus changes burial for Jews,...
2020-03-27 20:18:03 Not since the Black Plague have Jerusalem's holy alleys fallen so still - Laredo Morning Times
2020-02-22 13:36:03 Alarm in the holy land after visit by pilgrims with ...
2020-02-13 09:30:03 Porn movie shot at holy site outrages Myanmar
2020-02-10 06:56:03 Incredible moment cross appears above Holy Land in 'message from God' - Daily Star
2020-02-02 08:26:03 Church stampede leaves 20 dead after pastor pours holy oil on ground
2020-01-11 11:12:03 'Holy Grail' digital effects rewinding the clock for actors
2019-12-24 15:16:03 Crop duster spreads 100 gallons of holy water on Louisiana town - ABC News
2019-10-29 08:52:03 Joe Biden denied Holy Communion at Florence church Local News scnow.com
2019-09-25 08:30:06 Long-lost masterpiece the Holy Grail for curators and collectors alike
2019-09-17 17:54:03 Russian priests spray holy water from plane to stop 'alcohol use' and 'fornication' - ABC News
2019-09-13 07:22:04 Cable Cars Over Jerusalem? Some See Disneyfication of Holy City
2019-09-07 11:48:03 Man whose cancer was 'cured by holy water at Lourdes' to have claims tested by doctors - World News - Mirror Online
2019-08-25 08:56:04 \'Biggest holy s*** moment in sports in while\'.
2019-08-12 12:42:03 Clashes undermine fragile truce over Jerusalem holy site
2019-08-11 12:36:03 Muslims clash with Israeli police at Jerusalem holy site
2019-08-07 10:50:03 Nicolas Cage Explains Dinosaur Skull Fiasco and Hunt for (Literal) Holy Grail Hollywood Reporter
2019-08-07 09:32:03 Nicolas Cage on Acting, Philosophy and Searching for the Holy Grail - The New York Times
2019-06-23 20:28:03 Earthquake 'holy grail' unlocked by scientists to predict strikes - Daily Star
2019-06-14 11:28:03 Exorcist bishop pours holy water on demonic city from helicopter - Daily Star
2019-04-21 22:40:03 Massacre Bid to Revive Global Holy War?
2019-04-12 06:12:03 Holy Stairs, believed to have been climbed by Jesus prior to crucifixion, unveiled in Rome - ABC News
2019-02-24 14:28:22 Israel arrests top Muslim official after holy site unrest
2019-01-17 07:18:04 Mysterious naked holy men a huge draw at India's Kumbh Mela Reuters
2019-01-07 09:04:03 Holy cow! One-eyed calf is worshipped as a god in India Daily Mail Online
2018-12-21 08:10:04 'The holy family was a migrant family': Fence around nativity scene meant to spark discussion on immigration policies Homepagelatest tulsaworld.com
2018-12-20 23:14:02 'Holy Cow': Cattle form the sign of the cross Fox News
2018-11-30 08:10:04 A cure for HIV is in sight as science chases the holy grail World news The Guardian
2018-11-10 10:12:04 Ofer Berkovitch: The secular mayor candidate challenging Jerusalem's ultra-Orthodox bloc for the soul of the holy city
2018-10-30 06:38:07 Billionaires Chase SpaceX Moment for the Holy Grail of Energy
2018-10-10 12:46:10 North Dakota man on meth bathes in holy water before masturbating in the aisle of a church Daily Mail Online
2018-09-12 10:16:01 Cholera outbreak: Holy Water kills 10 in Ethiopia's Tigray' Daily Star
2018-08-26 18:24:32 'Holy Grail' diet pill could help millions lose weight in middle age
2018-08-15 10:12:05 Oral sex, then holy water: Report documents abuse by priests
2018-08-12 13:46:13 Christian news: Notre Dame holy water poisoning fears Daily Star
2018-07-03 14:02:33 Indianapolis Church Puts the Holy Family in Cage to Mimick ICE Detention Center
2018-06-01 18:28:05 Holy shell! Woman sees Jesus on horseshoe crab
2018-05-22 19:30:06 'Holy Grail Of Shipwrecks' Found Near Colombian Coast, Woods Hole Says WBUR News
2018-04-26 21:26:07 As much as $100,000 taken from collection plate at Holy Name Cathedral, police say - Chicago Tribune
2018-03-29 07:14:07 Pope on Holy Thursday urges priests to be close to sinners
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We've been planning a private screening at The Newseum for over a year.
We thought it would be the perfect place to introduce Deadline, given its connection to the newspaper industry and beautiful huge theater. But imagine how honored we were to be invited to also make it a Congressional Screening hosted by Rep. Jim Cooper, D-TN. And we felt confident given the astounding number of RSVPs – over 400 in the first two days alone.
Nevertheless, there are always concerns. The Newseum staff tried to talk us out of doing our Q&A after the movie, because they had done a movie event last year with George Clooney and were embarrassed when folks didn't stay for the Q&A. Washington isn't a late night town. But we felt a Q&A before the movie wouldn't work. After all, Mark was the journalist who lived the actual events of Deadline and then wrote the novel and the screenplay. In previous private screenings folks had plenty of questions for him. So, forewarned, we rolled the dice and went with the Q&A afterwards.
We were also worried about filling the 450 seat theater.
Neither one was an issue.
After a lovely welcome from Newseum CEO Jim Duff, legendary journalist John Seigenthaler introduced Deadline. It was incredibly powerful and made me hope that the movie would live up to the expectations he set.
Within 15 minutes, I knew the audience was with us. This was by far the most engaged audience we've ever had for Deadline. They LOVED it. The applause at the end was sincere and sustained as Mark & I took the stage for the Q&A. Almost everyone stayed for the entire 25 minute Q&A, asking great questions. Mark was fantastic and we received another warm round of applause at the conclusion, followed by dozens of well-wishers coming down to greet us.
Does it get any better than this?
There are precious few times in your life when you know that the moment you are living will stay with you for a lifetime. Last Wednesday at The Newseum was one of those magical moments.


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Waitrose beats Amazon in UK trial of 'while you're away' deliveries with Yale
Seriously, who wants the delivery guy to have the keys to their front door?
Upmarket supermarket chain Waitrose is trialling a scheme that would enable its delivery staff to let themselves in to people's homes to drop off goods. The trial, with Yale, will require customers...
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Microsoft in talks to acquire TikTok, despite Presidential warnings - updated
Microsoft is considering acquiring popular app TikTok's US operations, despite security concerns and the possibility of a ban in the near future
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Wanda Turini - Ketchwords.com
As Founder of Bull's Eye Innovations (BEI), Wanda has built and fostered a company focused on empowering clients and employees to overcome obstacles, seize opportunity and cultivate innovation in our world.
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Situation Awareness System
|Global Industry Analysts, Inc.
|英文 224 Pages
商品交期: 最快1-2個工作天內
|情境察覺系統全球市場 Situation Awareness System
|出版日期: 2020年07月01日
|內容資訊: 英文 224 Pages
※ 本網頁內容可能與最新版本有所差異。詳細情況請與我們聯繫。
Global Situation Awareness System Market to Reach $27.5 Billion by 2027
Amid the COVID-19 crisis, the global market for Situation Awareness System estimated at US$17.4 Billion in the year 2020, is projected to reach a revised size of US$27.5 Billion by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 6.8% over the analysis period 2020-2027. Fire & Flood Alarm System, one of the segments analyzed in the report, is projected to record a 7% CAGR and reach US$8.9 Billion by the end of the analysis period. After an early analysis of the business implications of the pandemic and its induced economic crisis, growth in the Human Machine Interface segment is readjusted to a revised 7.4% CAGR for the next 7-year period.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $5.1 Billion, While China is Forecast to Grow at 6.4% CAGR
The Situation Awareness System market in the U.S. is estimated at US$5.1 Billion in the year 2020. China, the world`s second largest economy, is forecast to reach a projected market size of US$4.8 Billion by the year 2027 trailing a CAGR of 6.4% over the analysis period 2020 to 2027. Among the other noteworthy geographic markets are Japan and Canada, each forecast to grow at 6.3% and 5.5% respectively over the 2020-2027 period. Within Europe, Germany is forecast to grow at approximately 5.6% CAGR.
Access Control Segment to Record 6.5% CAGR
In the global Access Control segment, USA, Canada, Japan, China and Europe will drive the 6.6% CAGR estimated for this segment. These regional markets accounting for a combined market size of US$2.4 Billion in the year 2020 will reach a projected size of US$3.8 Billion by the close of the analysis period. China will remain among the fastest growing in this cluster of regional markets. Led by countries such as Australia, India, and South Korea, the market in Asia-Pacific is forecast to reach US$3.2 Billion by the year 2027.We bring years of research experience to this 16th edition of our report. The 224-page report presents concise insights into how the pandemic has impacted production and the buy side for 2020 and 2021. A short-term phased recovery by key geography is also addressed.
Competitors identified in this market include, among others,


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Current Distribution Status of Health Professionals in Medical University Affiliated Hospitals
|Social Medicine and Health Management
|affiliated hospital health professionals distribution structure optimization
|Master's thesis
Objective:To study the current distribution status of health professionals and factors which affect the distribution of health professionals of different majors in Kunming medical university affiliated hospitals by research, in order to provide some advices on appropriate disposition, recruit and retain of health professionalsMethod:By using both retrospective study and sectional study; workload of medical, research and teaching from2007to2010and basic information of health professionals are collected. Seven section offices of both hospitals were randomly selected to the group of questionnaire and interview by using a stratified random sampling method. About the count data and qualitative data we obtained, conclude, arrange and analyze by statistics ways such as descriptive study, chi-square test, rank sum test and linear correlation.Result:1.in recent years, the workload of medical, educate and research are heavy and tend to increase, at the same time, the number of health professionals in general hasn't change in these years, health professionals are suffered from heavy workload.2. The health Professionals take up a large proportion of health workers, the proportion of management stuff is way too low. Among all the health professionals, nurse and other health professionals are not enough relatively.3. The sex ratio loses balance; the middle-aged health professionals take a great proportion of all the health professionals, the age-structure seems like an inverted funnel, the bottom is a little large; the structure of professional titles is mainly high, middle and high-professional title take a large proportion, and the proportion of primary health professionals is not enough; the education structure is not that perfect.4. The distribution of health professionals are affected by a lot of factors, such as:the graduate school they get their degree, the place they are from before they enter university, major, the space for development, interpersonal relationships, salary and so on.Conclusion:1.The proper scale of health professionals is the basis of the well development of health professionals.2. The key element of the disposition of health professionals is education.3. The well development of health professionals needs plans on professional, qualifications and titles.4. The disposition of health professionals depend on specialties and titles.


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One of three fantastic Ferns self-catering cottages on a livestock farm. Spacious rooms, flexible sleeping arrangements, open fire. Ferns 5 miles. (Ref. 3943)
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The announcement of Prodigy happened during a virtual Comic-Con Star Trek panel that also included this clip from Lower Decks, a show from Rick and Morty writer Mike McMahan that takes a decidedly goofy approach to the sci-fi universe by following the support crew of a minor Starfleet ship known as U.S.S. Cerritos. Let it be a lesson to you: Don't get drunk on Romulan whiskey, don't swing around your new bat'leth carelessly, and generally don't be a red shirt on a Star Trek show. … [Read more...] about There Are Now 2
Star trek tv
21 TV Procedurals to Watch That Aren't About Police
This is an entry with an asterisk, because Stumptown does feature an occasionally friendly, occasionally antagonistic cop. But it mainly operates in the noir lane. Its protagonist Dex Parios, played by Cobie Smulders, is an ex-Marine with a lot of baggage who decides to support herself and her younger brother by working as a PI. Dex has a police contact who shows up often (and who she sometimes sleeps with), but she sees herself as an entirely independent entity, wrestling with her own moral code. She's suspicious of the police, and her experience as a veteran has made her skeptical of authority. She's also best friends with a bartender played by Jake Johnson, so if you're looking for attractive people who operate outside the broken structures of official justice, Stumptown's a great option. … [Read more...] about 21 TV Procedurals to Watch That Aren't About Police
Zoe Saldana to Star in
Last month, the news came out that NBC is working on a Rosemary's Baby miniseries set in Paris. Today, NBC announced that they've found their Rosemary: Zoe Saldana. It's an interesting move for Saldana, a film actress who has been in a few huge movies (namely Avatar and the two latest Star Trek films) — though she often finds herself in smaller, supporting roles, which this part definitely is not. Time will tell whether she'll be more of a Mia Farrow or Don Draper Rosemary? … [Read more...] about Zoe Saldana to Star in
CBS All Access's
The laser budget alone would cost CBS All Access a pretty penny if they filmed yet another live-action Star Trek spin-off, so what better way of exploring a new franchise than through the power of animation? On Sunday, the streaming platform rolled out the first trailer for their upcoming cartoon Star Trek: Lower Decks. Created byRick and Morty writer Mike McMahan, the series follows the support crew of "one of the Starfleet's least important ships, the U.S.S. Cerritos, in 2380." Unimportant or not, the crew is nevertheless tasked with keeping a human heart beating outside its body, saving an entire planet and, worst of all, taking out the space trash. … [Read more...] about CBS All Access's
Film recommendations to watch this week: Ad Astra and more
BEST NEW MOVIE ON NOW TV AD ASTRA Like your science fiction on the moody side? Then AD ASTRA (from the Latin meaning 'to the stars') is definitely for you. Set in the near future and telling the story of melancholy astronaut Roy McBride (Brad Pitt) and his mission to Neptune to track down his long lost father, this is a space movie that plays wonderfully with your head. As Roy journeys further and further into deep space, encountering several strange phenomena along the way, his repressed daddy issues become magnified and Roy fears for his own sanity. Star Trek this ain't. … [Read more...] about Film recommendations to watch this week: Ad Astra and more


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Or just visit a thrift store like the Me I need a Bud Light shirt they always have baskets and flower vases, plus your money is going to a good cause. A light bulb can easily shatter so why take the chance. Thread banger already tried to do it. It's impossible to do that without breaking or cutting yourself. Just go out and buy a jar shaped like a lightbulb. Have you ever looked at a lightbulb and thought this would look so cute with my hanger. I am more likely to find actual wire before a metal coat hanger.
Me I need a Bud Light shirt, hoodie, sweater and v-neck t-shirt
Best Me I need a Bud Light shirt
I think that may have been the Me I need a Bud Light shirt. I freaked out when some cops came our way and the local boys said don't worry watch this. He asked for my beer and we started walking towards the cops. My jaw dropped that the question was even asked let alone the cop actually saying yes no problem. So standing there watching this cop hold a beer for a mate that was tying his shoe lace absolutely blew my mind. Did you tell them the story of your visit to the sex shop and what happened in the hotel with your purchases.
Cops were walking around downtown in droves; mostly giving directions and generally acting as guides for the hoardes of tourists wandering about. I'd never seen cops being so friendly. It was as if they were actually there to protect and serve, rather than to extort and intimidate the populace on behalf of the city. I also saw a cop get off shift, walk around a corner, and spark up a joint. That was pretty great.


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RE: This Time I'll Write A Headline That Looks Like A Professional Wrote It So You Don't Think The Post Is Trash
Th Pug was cute!
Oh, they are all the same person - what a surprise!
Yeah! Until he ruined it with that filter...
I have a question. I see your CCC vote coming in super early. First second. Is there no waiting period to drop votes within these tribes? I'm still trying to hit 15 minutes... but usually I come in an hour late.
I see your CCC vote coming in super early. First second.
Lol, is it? :D I will try to adjust it. it should have been at 12 minutes-ish :D
That's what I thought. Yeah, you should probably fix that.
BTW, I only have the autos set on a couple people I like, the rest it just trails my vote when I vote manually. I have never been much of a fan of autovoters but I don't have the time to manage accounts across tribes etc and this way I can run the baby at a half and half system. When you see my vote on your post, that is me directly as I don't auto, the baby might come in earlier though.
I figured that out. Since the tribes came onto the scene, I noticed quite a few had to set up some automation for their alt accounts. I've always said I don't mind people using automation, I just hope they come and look, eventually, and many do.
I still only have one account. 26415 manual votes I've handed out. Not bad considering out of the nearly three years I've been here, the account was only active for 2 years.
Yep, they were all reset to 0 for who knows how long :D
I use steemauto as it is simple for my my basic mind, obviously still too complicated.
I think some of them have different waiting times


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39678 Road 425B, Oakhurst CA 93644
HERE IT IS!!! This absolutely adorable move-in ready 2005 Skyline features 3 bedrooms, 2 baths, a spacious open floor plan with fireplace trimmed in river rock in the good size living room, kitchen and separate dining area including a breakfast bar. Not only walking into this beautiful home will you find all the comforts you are looking for, but imagine gazing out some of the windows or sitting on the deck to see the wildlife as this home backs up to large acreage. This is a must see and priced to sell. Call your Realtor today!!!
This listing is no longer available online. For more information regarding this listing please click here to contact us.
While this listing is no longer available, the homes listed below are available and are in the same general area.
Address: 43555 Highway 41, Oakhurst CA 93644
Address: 43555 Highway 41, Oakhurst CA 93644


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two calls
Call forward
I assume the model of Portech you have is a single channel GSM gateway given the single sim card and as a result you can only make one call at any given time, but the forward is 2 calls.; hence hwy the message about the circuits being busy.
Have you ever made two outbound simultaneous calls from the extensions? If not, try it and let us know if you can.
ok i do this: i get this voicemail "all service are busy now please try again later"
You need a sim card for each call. As it stands, you can only make or receive 1 call at any given time. There is no way around this when using a GSM gateway which is why your particular model has 4 sim card slots as it will support up to 4 simultaneous calls. This is why the messages when you try and dial out when a call is already in progress.
ok i understand … thank you so much Sir… Could you refer me a gsm gateway which can do this please
The one you have will apparently do it, get another gsm card,.
yes it can do two calls simultaneously if i have two gsm card ,if i setup fail over trunk… Do you think if i have two gsm card , the extension call will be forwarding on my cell phone, if there is not no response
Yes, that will work. Get and install the second card and then look in the portech as it may have the capability to handle sending the call out the available trunk.
ok i will do this, if there is trouble i will inform you… thx for your support


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Drivers and Distributors
6 Jul 2020|
Job Description
NOTE: This job listing has expired and may no longer be relevant!
- Loading, transporting, and delivering items to clients or businesses in a safe, timely manner.
- Conduct inspections of vehicle before departing to deliver goods
- Pack and load items according to company's specifications
- Deliver items to customers on assigned routes
- Maintain ongoing communication with route dispatcher
- Unload items as per client specifications
- Review deliveries with customers to ensure Items meet their needs
- Responsible for utilizing a vehicle of company


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Premier Podcast Recording Studio Reopens in North New Jersey
Clifton NJ, USA—After 3 months of closure due to the coronavirus pandemic, Bravery Studios is officially reopening their doors. The premier podcast recording studio of North New Jersey offers high-quality media production and broadcasting services with a specialty in podcast recording. During the studio's closure, virtual podcast recording has been available and will remain available for those who don't yet feel comfortable being in the studio.
"We are so excited to be reopening and getting back to helping people podcast like pros," shared Andrew Santiago, Administrator at Bravery Studios. "We all have a voice, it's how that voice is heard that can be the difference. We take a lot of pride in helping your voice be heard through our high-quality podcast recording services."
Bravery Studios offers both audio and video recording in their studio. For their audio session package, customers receive an hour of podcast recording. In their audio and video session package, the company will not only record the audio, but will also use a three-angle camera to record a video. After the podcast is recorded, audio editing services are available, which include fixes such as EQ techniques, volume normalization and bleep censorship.
For customers who are looking to market their podcast, Bravery Studios can help there too. Their team will create three clips of podcast content that can be used to promote the podcast on social media. Customers can also order a custom logo for their podcast show.
Bravery Studios was started in 2016 by Andrew Santiago and Marvin Perdomo. Santiago, an alumnus of Berkeley, is the audio engineer, artist and administrator of Bravery Studios. He spent ten years building client relations and revenue as a successful store manager before partnering with Perdomo. Perdomo is the studio's photographer, videographer and creative director. He began his career producing video documentaries and then transitioned into creating live podcasts.
"I've always said if your dreams don't scare you, you're not dreaming big enough," explained Perdomo. "That was the motivation behind opening Bravery Studios, and I think it's the motivation for many of our podcasters. They want their voice to be heard and have to be brave enough to follow their dreams and start their own podcast. We really enjoy helping them do that."
In addition to podcast recording and editing services, Bravery Studios also offers live video streaming services to Facebook and YouTube. The company brings their videography, photography and graphic design skills to live events as well.
For those interested in seeing their studio in person, free 30-minute tours are available. Book a time on their website at www.braverystudios.com.
About Bravery Studios
Based in North New Jersey, Bravery Studios is a podcast recording studio that delivers quality audio for your channel or series. We also offer livestream/recording services which can be used to record each of your podcast episodes. Our simple goal is to connect you with your listeners.
This is a press release which we link to from our daily newsletter about podcasting and on-demand. This is reprinted verbatim; we may rewrite headlines and descriptions. Press releases can be sent to email@example.com


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- Community
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|Eat Healthily in China
|Mar 23, 2011 03:06
|It will be a great pity if you don't try some delicious food when traveling in China. But some of the foods are not so good to your health. Then how to maintain health while enjoying the delicious food? Below are some tips:
1. Drink some yoghurt after eating hotpot
The soup of the hotpot is too hot and contains too much spice, thus it is to some extent harmful to your stomach. The yoghurt could protect the digestive wall of your stomach. Besides, it could retard growth of the spoilage organisms.
2. Eat some bananas after barbecue
The grills usually contain benzpyrene which is carcinogen. Bananas, to some extent can decrease the inhibition effect of benzpyrene and protect your stomach and bowels.
3. Drink some ginger brown sugar water after eating crab
The crab meat belongs to 'cool food' according to traditional Chinese ideas and it may cause stomachache, diarrhea and vomiting, etc to those whose spleen and stomach are deficient cold. A cup of ginger brown sugar water, which belongs to 'warm food', could warm stomach, improve digestion and settle the upset stomach. However, diabetics should not drink this sugar water.
4. Drink some celery juice if you've eaten too much oily food
Chinese dishes are usually fried with oil and some may contain too much oil. If you've eaten too much oil for a meal, just drink some celery juice. The bulk in the celery could bring away fat.
|Mar 23, 2011 04:28
|I like yoghurt and usually drink it instead of juice or beer while eating out. Good for my health:)
|Mar 23, 2011 07:52
|Yeah! One by one its good for health, I had experience this when I knew that here is totally different food then us, it was a big change for me specially in food, during my visit of two months. I had got some food tips by my Chinese friends, but I didn't felt difficulties during my whole journey.
|Mar 23, 2011 23:03
Originally Posted by ATTA_BUTTYeah! One by one its good for health, I had experience this when I knew that here is totally different food then us, it was a big change for me specially in food, during my visit of two months. I had got some food tips by my Chinese friends, but I didn't felt difficulties during my whole journey.
Yeah, I hope that I won't feel difficulities during my travel next month to the southern part of China either. I'm from the northern part of China and the eating habbits are quite different.
|Mar 25, 2011 10:21
|Well it's good! Definitely you are good in food; by the way what is difference between southern part of China and northern part of China especially in food.
|Mar 26, 2011 02:24
|Well, there are many differences:
1. The principal food in the north is noodle and is rice in the south;
2. The notherners prefer salt taste while the southerners like sweet and spicy taste;
3. The dishes in the south is beautiful and delicate while large in quantity in the north;
4. As I know, the southerners, especially the ones in Guangdong, Fujian and Hong kong are very good at cooking soup while the notherners like barbecue. You heard about roast lamb of Xinjiang?
That's all I could think of right now.
Last edited by LINGYUXISU: Mar 26, 2011 02:25
|Mar 27, 2011 00:06
|Let me allow to tell you about our food.
Our food is based on curry or masala (hot and spicy) sauces accompanying chicken, lamb, prawns and a wide choice of vegetables. Its flavors are drawn from its Afghani, Turkish and Iranian roots.
National specialties:
• Biryani (seasoned rice with mutton, chicken and yogurt).
• Sag gosht (spinach and lamb curry).
• Dal chawal (brown lentils and rice).
• Shish kebabs (charcoal-grilled meat on skewers).
• Shami-kebabs (patties of chopped meat fried in ghee or butter).
• Halwa (sweetmeat made with eggs, carrots, maize cream, sooji and nuts).
National drinks:
• Tea (drunk strong with milk and often very sweet).
|Mar 28, 2011 22:59
|I have had a Pakistan meal a few years ago. It was cooked by the ex of my friend. Maybe he was not a good cook and all the dishes turned out to be soupy. Although it was not delicious, we did not want to let him down and tried our best to eat it up. But I did like the desert. I did not know what it was called, it was made of rice, yoghurt and nuts. Do you know what it is?
|Mar 29, 2011 10:11
Haha, our foods are so delicious, yours friend was untrained therefore you have complain against him/her. Rice and yogurt are famous food here in Pakistan, we call them (chawal dahi), if you want to add peanuts in suji (Halwa in Urdu) (Semolina in English) and if I am not wrong in Chinese 粗粒小麦粉.This dish is also famous as a sweet dish if you can cook it as an expert.
|Mar 29, 2011 23:14
|No, it's not made of Semolina, but rice, glutinous rice if I told it right. And it looked like boiled rice, but tasted really differently. Do you know what it is, Atta?
|Mar 30, 2011 06:52
|No! Ling yu xisu, I don't know what are you asking about but if you can cook it and send me recipe may I guess it. sorry I couldn't judge it.
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That night, after making love with Jennifer in my fort in the backyard, I had dinner with my partner Nancy. I had made my homemade pasta, filled with crab, and also covered with a lovely Béarnaise sauce. Sadly, we had an economical twenty dollar Pinot Grigio to clean it down. But it was a charming dish combined with a fresh salad.
In the middle of supper, I found myself trembling and excused myself and also went to the bathroom. Shame wracked me like nothing else time when I had actually cheated on my partner. It surprised me with the intensity as well as I spent time simply looking at my face in the mirror searching for indications of the sense of guilt that was consuming me. My regular face stared back, however I was specific my eyes were a little wider than typical.
Jennifer had actually gone home not long after we had fooled around. I had gone inside extremely pleased as well as showered. I had a glass of scotch and went outside to have a smoke. I had actually looked up at Jennifer's window as well as located her grinning down at me, chest bared, as well as her lovely busts pushed up against the home window glass. I had actually grinned and waved as well as felt heat program through me while staring at her attractive, tooth-filled smile. She waved and also disappeared inside and after that the guilt hit me once more.
I shrugged it off as well as rested confused sipping my scotch. The only time I had actually ever before felt regret like this desired the first time I had cheated on my other half with a service provider in New Zealand. This moment it was various. It was even more extreme and compromised me literally.
Now in my washroom considering myself I searched for a means past it. I really did not understand why it was happening. Thoughts of Jennifer kept flooding my mind. I might see her once again, lying back with her legs spread and also holding her pussy lips open for me to see every one of her. She was so warm therefore stunning. My dick surged in my trousers. I remembered the initial feel of her busts in my hands. So soft, so cozy, as well as with her nipples so responsive and hard against my palms.
I bore in mind how damp she was. It had actually been as long since I had really felt a female so damp for me. To have that impact on a lady is encouraging. As well as I remembered her taste. So sweet, so aromatic. My mouth watered as well as I needed to taste her again. I required to dive my dick back inside her and also see her eyes illuminate in delight. I required to see those eco-friendly, green eyes burning out right into mine from a beautiful face mounted in elegant red hair.
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by Laurie Calkhoven ‧ RELEASE DATE: Feb. 1, 2012
A young Parisian joins the French Resistance in this Boys of Wartime series entry.
Motivated equally by patriotism, hatred for the occupying boches and a desire to win the esteem of his absent father, Michael joins a friend in distributing taunting leaflets. His involvement in Resistance activities soon escalates into helping captured British and American airmen make their way to Spain. At first he acts only as a courier of forged identity documents, but later he helps first to slip a Jewish neighbor's child out of the city, then hides an ailing American fugitive in his family's apartment before accompanying him south over the Pyrenees. Meanwhile, he serves as a witness to the anxieties and physical hardships of wartime life under the Nazis, while seeing friends, neighbors and his own older brother taken away and ultimately earning sufficient self-esteem to lose his dependence on his father's regard. Calkoven's characters are simplified types, but she crafts an action-oriented plot that is suspenseful without being explicitly violent and is also well stocked with carefully researched details. A timeline and multiple notes at the end provide quick overviews of the tale's historical background and the war's overall course.An absorbing adventure that wears its twin informational and character-development loads lightly. (map, glossary, reading list) (Historical fiction. 10-12)
Pub Date: Feb. 1, 2012
Page Count: 240
Publisher: Dial Books
Review Posted Online: Nov. 20, 2011
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Dec. 1, 2011
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by Laurie Calkhoven ; illustrated by Debbie Palen
by Liza Mundy ; adapted by Laurie Calkhoven
by Dav Pilkey & illustrated by Dav Pilkey ‧ RELEASE DATE: Aug. 28, 2012
Sure signs that the creative wells are running dry at last, the Captain's ninth, overstuffed outing both recycles a villain (see Book 4) and offers trendy anti-bullying wish fulfillment.
Not that there aren't pranks and envelope-pushing quips aplenty. To start, in an alternate ending to the previous episode, Principal Krupp ends up in prison ("…a lot like being a student at Jerome Horwitz Elementary School, except that the prison had better funding"). There, he witnesses fellow inmate Tippy Tinkletrousers (aka Professor Poopypants) escape in a giant Robo-Suit (later reduced to time-traveling trousers). The villain sets off after George and Harold, who are in juvie ("not much different from our old school…except that they have library books here."). Cut to five years previous, in a prequel to the whole series. George and Harold link up in kindergarten to reduce a quartet of vicious bullies to giggling insanity with a relentless series of pranks involving shaving cream, spiders, effeminate spoof text messages and friendship bracelets. Pilkey tucks both topical jokes and bathroom humor into the cartoon art, and ups the narrative's lexical ante with terms like "pharmaceuticals" and "theatrical flair." Unfortunately, the bullies' sad fates force Krupp to resign, so he's not around to save the Earth from being destroyed later on by Talking Toilets and other invaders…Is this the end? Well, no…the series will stagger on through at least one more scheduled sequel. (Fantasy. 10-12)
Pub Date: Aug. 28, 2012
Page Count: 304
Publisher: Scholastic
Review Posted Online: June 20, 2012
Kirkus Reviews Issue: July 15, 2012
Categories: CHILDREN'S ACTION & ADVENTURE FICTION
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More In The Series
by Dav Pilkey ; illustrated by Dav Pilkey
by Dav Pilkey ; illustrated by Dav Pilkey
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by Dav Pilkey ; illustrated by Dav Pilkey
by Dav Pilkey ; illustrated by Dav Pilkey
by Andy Marino ‧ RELEASE DATE: April 21, 2020
Near the end of World War II, two kids join their parents in a plot to kill Adolf Hitler.
Max, 12, lives with his parents and his older sister in a Berlin that's under constant air bombardment. During one such raid, a mortally wounded man stumbles into the white German family's home and gasps out his last wish: "The Führer must die." With this nighttime visitation, Max and Gerta discover their parents have been part of a resistance cell, and the siblings want in. They meet a colorful band of upper-class types who seem almost too whimsical to be serious. Despite her charming levity, Prussian aristocrat and cell leader Frau Becker is grimly aware of the stakes. She enlists Max and Gerta as couriers who sneak forged identification papers to Jews in hiding. Max and Gerta are merely (and realistically) cogs in the adults' plans, but there's plenty of room for their own heroism. They escape capture, rescue each other when they're caught out during an air raid, and willingly put themselves repeatedly at risk to catch a spy. The fictional plotters—based on a mix of several real anti-Hitler resistance cells—are portrayed with a genuine humor, giving them the space to feel alive even in such a slim volume.It's great to see these kids "so enthusiastic about committing high treason." (historical note) (Historical fiction. 10-12)
Pub Date: April 21, 2020
Page Count: 192
Publisher: Scholastic
Review Posted Online: Jan. 21, 2020
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Feb. 15, 2020
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Unit 404 in the Lodge at Mountaineer Square has an excellent location in the base area within walking distance of all the action including the ski lifts, ski shops, restaurants, ski/boot rentals and transportation center. This unit is a One bedroom Two bath unit with 889 square feet of living space. There are 2 full… Read More
New listing in the Lodge at Mountaineer Square – 1 bedroom / 2 bath – 889 square feet
Custom turn-key home overlooking the golf course in Skyland
79 TRENT JONES WAY – SKYLAND Enter this home overlooking the golf course and immediately sense the warmth and quality of this custom turnkey home in Skyland. Reclaimed antique red & white oak floors and magnificent structural logs frame the interior of the home. The large welcoming entry on the main floor opens to stunning… Read More
Beautiful building site at Skyland, great views of the mountains and fairway – FOR SALE –
NEW LISTING – UNDER CONTRACT – 4 Bedroom 4 Bath Unit in the treasured Links complex at Skyland
NEW LISTING – UNDER CONTRACT – The Links Townhomes are one of the most desirable residential properties for the size, views, location and quality of the units. This Links unit has 4 bedrooms, 4 baths, spacious 2,648 square feet and a heated double car garage with 532 square feet. The views are beautiful from the… Read More
Aperture is the new neighborhood next to the town of Crested Butte – cross over the Aperture bridge and witness the beautiful vistas from every building site
Aperture is the New residential neighborhood next to the town of Crested Butte WATCH THE MOST RECENT VIDEO OF APERTURE 19 of 23 lots remain available Spec home on Lot #17 SOLD December 20, 2019. New Home Owner Pavilion is under construction and scheduled to be complete spring of 2020. The pavilion is located on… Read More
Developer opportunity, 19 duplex lots across from the ski area, great views
Development Opportunity 19 duplex or single family lots with amazing views of Crested Butte Mountain and ski area. All utilities are installed and the road is newly paved. Easy access with elevated building sites with views overlooking the entire valley and base area. Great value with the ability to build and develop. Lots range in… Read More
Club at Crested Butte building site overlooking the golf course – .58 acres and views
104 Pitchfork – local's unit with 2bdrm, 2 bath +garage – convenient location in Mt CB – PRICE ADJUSTED
Mountaineer Square Deluxe Studio Unit #408, base area convenience with all the amenities
Timber Frame mountain home on 35 acres in the exclusive Smith Hill Ranches – OFF MARKET
A superlative true timber frame house with 8,446 square ft of finished living space plus a 998 square ft attached 3 car garage. The guest house contains a 1 bedroom+loft, 1 bath, 669 square ft accessory dwelling situated over a 936 sq ft garage/work space. Inside the main house are 5 bedrooms, 5 baths, 2 powder rooms, 3 living areas, office/den, breakfast nook, 2 laundry rooms, loft library, ski storage/mud room, arts and crafts room and plenty of storage.


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The Life And Death Of Osama Bin Laden: Amazing Infographic
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Even ten days after the late-night announcement on May 1st, 2011, the death of Osama Bin Laden is still a hot topic on many news shows. It is a story with an endless cache of angles, twists,...
Google Releases First Upgrade Version of Honeycomb – 3.1
So, you hold single flat screen Tablet which is running on Android Honeycomb – Android 3.0 operating system specifically made for tablets. And you have been bugged up with the same old interface and features, desperately waiting for some...
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Laser Vision Correction
Category: Optical Stores, Eye Doctor
6377 Riverside Ave 170
Riverside, CA 92506-3155
Keywords (Dr Name, Phone Number, Address, Zip, Cheap or Free Eye Exam, Vision Center, Optical Stores)
Category: Optical Stores, Eye Doctor
6377 Riverside Ave 170
Riverside, CA 92506-3155
Average Rating
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Laser Vision Correction Hours
Unfortunately, no service or products information is available for Laser Vision Correction
10800 Magnolia Ave Riverside, CA 92505
6780 Indiana Ave Riverside, CA 92506
4000 Tyler St
Ste A
Riverside,CA 92503
10800 Magnolia Ave Riverside, CA 92505
10800 Magnolia Ave Riverside, CA 92505
5225 Canyon Crest Dr
Riverside, CA
10800 Magnolia Ave
Riverside, CA 92505-3000
4000 Tyler St,
Riverside, CA 92503
5146 Arlington Ave
Riverside, CA
6700 Indiana Ave
Riverside, CA 92506
Can acupuncture help blepharitis?
There are plenty of remedies for you to choose. Acupuncture can help you recover soon. No matter what, you need to clean the eyelid scrupulously with a commercially-prepared lid scrub pads from your pharmacy. Or you can apply warm compresses to the eye to soften clogged lash follicles. Wash your hands and use a clean washcloth twice daily. Antibiotic ointmentAsk can be helpful, ask the doctor if an antibiotic ointment is appropriate for your blepharitis. Massage the lid twice a day, preferably after using a warm compress. Consider adding flaxseed oil capsules in your diet.
Does closing your eyes affect your balance?
I think closing our eyes will affect our balance if we are not blind guys. But for those born with blindness, they have learned to keep balance by other senses. Usually all kinds of our feelings work together to keep the balance of our body, but when we lose one of them, our body will learn to keep balance by the rest of the senses. When we have our eyes open, we can adjust our body against a fixed position to correct our movements, but we often do this unconsciously. When you close our eyes, we need to adapt to the condition for a long time before we can correct your position with eyes closed, so we may lose the balance.
Why is eye pressure higher in the morning?
Well, generally speaking, it can be normal to have high eye pressure in the morning. As we know that when you get up in the morning, your blood pressure will be higher than other time. Because of the high blood pressure, it can affect your eyes, leading to high eye pressure. And then it can disappear. And if it does not disappear, you should try some ways to treat it. First, regular exercise will help reduce the pressure, so just have some eye exercises. Also, you can just try some cool teabags which can relieve your eye pressure in some ways. If you do not treat it, it can be dangerous.
What are some symptoms and signs of color blindness?
In the embryonic period, pyramidal cells start to growth. At this stage, due to genetic problems, the pyramidal cells do not grow out, which can form total color blindness. The second stage is the early period when pyramidal cells are forming, and it can only distinguish luminosity, and then begin to differentiate into two pyramidal cells which can identify yellow and blue. If there is no differentiation, it may be total color weakness. In the third stage, yellow vertebral begin to differentiate into red vertebral and green vertebral, if there has not this stage or has error in differentiation, it will cause red blind and green blind. If there has error in part section, result in the color which felt by vertebral is different from other people, which can lead to red weak or green weak.
How long is it until you should have an eye exam?
children should have their eyes checked every one to two years by their pediatrician. Adults who wear eyeglasses or contact lenses often should see their doctor every year. Those who don't wear corrective glasses can have an eye exaam every two or three years.
What are the risks of laser eye surgery?
Because of the tremendous rundown of sports, exercises, and activities that we as a whole appreciate and the assorted variety of every one, there is no single response to this inquiry. Additionally, the prescribed time may vary contingent upon what sort of laser eye surgery you have had. On the off chance that you have had LASIK surgery, in which a fold is made amid the technique, at that point coming back to sports or exercise not long after surgery could put you in danger of fold difficulties. Even something as guiltless as wiping sweat out of your eye can cause these sort of difficulties, so it is basic that you hold up the full period of time exhorted by your optometrist. Refer: https://buyessays.us/
Do your pupils dilate when you smoke weed?
Well, it seems that you like to smoke weed from time to time. Anyway, it is not a healthy habits which could give rise to a lot of problems. As far as I know, there are several factors involved in leading to dilated pupils, one of them is the use of drugs, so you know weed is a drug, so smoking weed would surely generate dilated pupils. So, I advise you to quit the habit and find an alternative to satisfy your needs.
How much are maui jim sunglasses? What are good stores that sell them online?
Maui Jim a famous sunglasses brand from Peoria, Illinois, the United States. It is a high-end sunglasses manufacture while its products are absolutely luxuries. Maui Jim is specialized in manufacturing sport sunglasses. All Maui Jim sunglasses are designed in accompany with scientific consideration and fashion elements. Average price of a pair of Maui Jim sunglasses is around 200 to 300 dollars. For some thing special, it may cost more. They offer no sunglasses under 200 dollars except sunglasses cases which may cost 20 dollars. The most online shop to by Maui Jim is Maui Jim official website. You can by real things there at a reasonable price.
Can sun damage to the eyes be reversed?
Well, generally speaking, if you go outside and have strong sunlight on you, it is possible to hurt your eyes, skin, making sunburn. For eyes, it will just make you have sunburn eyes. That can be painful, even burning. Unfortunately, until now on, there is no cure for a sunburn eye. We can just try some ways to relieve the symptoms. For example, according to some experts, you can apply some cool compresses with teabags or cucumbers to soothe the irritation. Also, you can consider taking OTC ibuprofen with food if you are able. Anyway, just pay more attention to it.
Can gallstones cause yellow eyes?
Yellow eyes are commonly due to jaundice. We are easy to get yellowish skin and yellow eyes because of jaundice. The gallbladder is a small sac found just under the liver. You most likely will have mild pain in the pit of your stomach or in the upper right part of your belly and your skin or the whites of your eyes may turn yellow.
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