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Food companies and government regulators ARE coming to grips with the immense challenges that await them as they begin to implement FSMA requirements.
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Explore This IssueAugust/September 2012
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For U.S. companies, these challenges will involve verifying ingredients across the global supply chain and adhering to international standards such as GFSI and ISO 22000. Missteps along the way are likely to result in ingredients or finished products being detained and placed on FDA's Import Alert List. The end result, some experts predict, will be the demise of many small- and mid-sized U.S. food companies that find themselves unable to implement the new law's many requirements.
"There are challenges for regulators and challenges for the private sector from FSMA," said David Acheson, MD, director of the food and import safety practice at Leavitt Partners and a former FDA associate commissioner of foods. "Companies are becoming increasingly nervous about their supply chain and the reliance they place on the certificates of analysis on meeting the specs," Dr. Acheson told Food Quality magazine. "This is especially so if they are relying on a core piece of paper or two to give them assurances that their upstream has the necessary controls or HACCP in place."
For the FDA, the challenges involve creating new and effective third-party certification and audit regimes and overseeing a vastly more complex import review system. While FSMA imposes scores of new requirements on the FDA, including tight timelines to draft and implement new regulations, it does not provide the funding to hire the hundreds of new employees necessary to implement the law—a substantial drawback, especially during the current budget deficit crisis. The FDA needs $1.4 billion from 2011-2015 to fulfill FSMA requirements, according to the Congressional Budget Office, but the agency's food safety budget is likely to remain flat or increase only slightly in 2013.
Even if it were provided adequate funding, the FDA acknowledged it will need time to create the necessary process and management infrastructure. "A new management structure, supporting processes, and permanent staff positions must be created to launch a systems approach to risk-based decision making," the agency said in its five-year strategic plan, released in April.
An additional challenge facing regulators will be audit execution oversight. "That will involve a whole new parallel track for accreditation of auditors," said Dr. Acheson. "Who will police the auditors? The FDA could do so, but it lacks the resources and skills necessary. So the FDA will probably appoint yet another private third-party organization to audit the auditors and police the system," he predicted.
FDA's Broad Responsibilities
Enacted in January 2011, FSMA gives the FDA responsibility for mitigating food safety problems using science- and risk-based approaches to oversee roughly 80% of the nation's domestic and imported food supplies. In addition to establishing minimum produce safety standards and requiring food growers and facilities to implement hazard prevention control plans, the FDA has the authority to order mandatory recalls of suspected food products, conduct a broad range of food facility inspections, and establish a comprehensive product tracing system.
FSMA requires imported foods to be held to the same standards as domestic foods, and importers and foreign suppliers must have preventive controls in place to ensure product safety. Qualified third parties will be authorized to certify that foreign food facilities comply with all U.S. food safety standards, a step that will help facilitate the entry of their products into the country. The FDA can also expedite review and entry of foods from importers that participate in a voluntary qualified importer program, and refuse entry if the agency is denied access by a facility or by the country in which the facility is located.
Among the many regulations the agency has drafted to implement the law—but not yet released at presstime—are those to establish the foreign supplier verification program, accredited third-party certifications, and third-party certification of high-risk foods. "FSMA shifts the burden to importers," Dr. Acheson said. "They have to take responsibility for monitoring their imports upstream under FSMA."
It is widely expected that the FDA will recognize and adopt at least some ISO standards for inspection and accreditation purposes. But until the FDA's regulations are released (they have been held up under review by the Office of Management and Budget since at least January), details remain unknown. However, the law explicitly requires the FDA to consider existing standards for guidance to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts and costs.
"FDA will recognize accrediting bodies and set standards for accreditation of third-party certification bodies and auditors aimed at ensuring the rigor, objectivity, and, most importantly, the transparency of third-party audits," said Michael R. Taylor, FDA deputy commissioner for foods. "Transparency means that the results of audits for certification will be available to FDA, which in turn means that we can both assess the rigor of private audits and rely on them," Taylor told the Global Food Safety Conference in Orlando, Fla., in February.
GFSI and Audits
Dr. Acheson expects the foreign supplier verification program to focus mainly on high-risk foods and incorporate standards similar to GFSI's. "To some extent, it will intersect with GFSI, but my guess is that it won't be quite the same," Dr. Acheson said. "It will probably go a little beyond GFSI. I'm also guessing that GFSI will adapt itself to whatever standard that FDA puts in place." The FDA has refused to comment on any possible role that GFSI or other organizations might play in its standards setting.
Craig W. Henry, PhD, director of enterprise risk services-business risk at Deloitte & Touche LLP, predicted that accredited third-party certifications and audits will become even more complicated under FSMA, because the FDA's criteria "could be in tandem or potentially in conflict with the third-party audits that are available and used commercially today around the world."
"This is especially important for produce, where you don't want a short shelf-life product sitting in port under test and hold," Dr. Henry told Food Quality. "You'll want to make sure that the FDA will recognize the food safety system that's being used, and you want to make sure that product is in the green lane as soon as possible."
Many large companies use GFSI as a baseline but also send their own auditors overseas to inspect facilities, especially when ingredients may be particularly vulnerable to problems and their brand reputations are at stake. "That's very prevalent among large U.S. manufacturers," Dr. Acheson explained. "In addition, the GFSI audit is only as good as the auditor. He or she may be having a bad day or, who knows, they may even have accepted a bribe."
"Auditor competences are critical to the success of our mission," acknowledged Yves Ray, GFSI chairman and general manager for corporate quality at Paris-based Danone. "Food safety hazards may be introduced at any point along the food chain. One weak link can result in unsafe food harmful to consumer health and very costly," he told the annual Food Safety Summit in Washington, DC, in April.
Paperwork: A two-edged Sword
Many companies believe they create and maintain the proper records and have a good document control system in place to support their food safety programs. But these may not be enough. "These companies need to go back and really understand how their standard operating procedure is being implemented and consistently executed across all their facilities," Dr. Henry said. "They need to understand that anything going back two years will be fair game."
Under FSMA Section 201, the FDA is required to significantly increase the frequency of its domestic and foreign inspections. "FDA inspectors are limited, and they can only spend so much time in plants during routine inspections. But by looking at records, they can identify areas for further investigation," Dr. Henry said. As Taylor noted in his Orlando speech in February, the FDA may want not just the certificate of a third-party audit, but also the entire audit itself. "This will be a very significant lift for everybody when this program becomes implemented and measured by what the enforcement actions are taken for non-compliant facilities," Dr. Henry predicted.
The key concept is "business continuity" of the entire supply chain—from field to restaurant or retail grocer. "The challenge for industry now is validating the integrity of the food safety systems being used to supply their upstream supply chain," Dr. Henry said. Instead of relying on third parties to certify ingredients, companies will need to be more aggressive and invest more time and money, especially if the external supply chain is important to their brand. "They really need to make sure they know what's going on and not assume all is well, especially with FDA inspections picking up," he said.
While most large companies may be able to undertake the extra effort, FSMA requirements could overpower small- and mid-sized companies so that they are unable to compete, said Benjamin England, chief executive of FDAImports.com, a firm that represents importers seeking to navigate U.S. import and other regulations.
"The costs to small- and mid-sized importers will likely become severe in coming years, regardless of any exemptions that FDA might hand out to them," England told the Food and Drug Law Institute's annual conference in May. "These companies simply don't have the relations with foreign suppliers necessary to implement the statutory language. This will cost U.S. jobs, reduce competition, and produce more very large food companies, which is not necessarily better when it comes to food safety," he added.
One of the main ways this can happen is through product detention. Running afoul of FSMA requirements can result in products being placed on the FDA Import Alert list, said Rick D. Quinn, an attorney with FDAImports.com. The Import Alerts, also called FDA automatic detention lists, instruct import inspectors, investigators, and compliance officers to automatically detain or detain without physical inspection all imports of affected products from the listed manufacturer, shipper, grower, or even geographic area. Once a product or company is placed on the list, it can be very challenging to convince the FDA that the violation has been corrected.
"FSMA imposes many new requirements on importers and food companies, so there will be many more opportunities for companies to be put under import alerts," Quinn told Food Quality.
Ted Agres is based in Laurel, Md. Reach him at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Calm and confident in a hectic sprint, the German doubled his tally at this edition.
Marcel Kittel celebrated his 11th Tour de France stage victory in Troyes, a town which played host to a stage finish for the first time in 17 years. Once again, the closing kilometers were impossible to control by the sprinters' teams due to the nervousness and fierce battle for positioning, so when it came to crunch time, after a technical and sinuous last kilometer, it was every man for himself in the 400m-long finishing straight.
As the stage approached the final kilometers of a day in which the main difficulty the riders had to deal with was the heat, Quick-Step Floors' sprinter was brought to the front by a strong lead-out train comprising Jack Bauer, Fabio Sabatini, Zdenek Stybar and Matteo Trentin, who moved to the pointy end of the peloton once the escapees had been reeled in by the fantastic Julien Vermote, who once again put in a gargantuesque effort to keep the escapees in constant check.
Some of the sprinters decided to go from a long way out, once they overcame the chicane and tight roundabout in the final, but not Marcel, who accelerated with 200 meters to go on the left side while all the other contenders were crammed on the right side of the road, and with a perfectly-timed effort scored his second win at the 2017 Tour de France, by a bike length.
"I was really confident in myself today. I talked to the guys and told them we should take the lead with five kilometers to go and defend our position, which they did. That also meant that Fabio Sabatini had to start early and he once again he did a very good job. We can all be proud of this victory", said Marcel right after crossing the finish line.
"In the sprint, I tried to follow Arnaud Demare, but then I found an opening and could start my sprint one second ahead of the rest, which gave me the chance to pass them on the left side. You know, despite two of the main sprinters being out of the race, it still was very hectic and tense today. A victory doesn't come easy and I don't take anything for granted, so to win again gives me a special feeling", explained Marcel, only the second German rider to reign supreme in Troyes.
Second in the green jersey classification, 27 points behind the leader, the 29-year-old insisted he hasn't made a goal out of conquering the points rankings: "It's true that I notched up some important points today, but it's still a long way to go. In a week we will see how things stand in the classification and will reassess the situation. For the time being, I'm happy and proud to have won 11 stages at the Tour de France."
Photo credit: ©Tim De Waele

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Ipswich, MA 01938
Ipswich was founded in 1633 on land that the native Indians called "Agawam." The small settlement benefited from proximity to the ocean, abundant fresh water, excellent fishing, and fertile soil. Lace and stocking making became important industries, and the industrial revolution brought immigrants here to work. In 1689 Ipswich residents revolted against arbitrary rule by the British Crown, for which the town is referred to as the "Birthplace of American Independence." Today Ipswich is known for beautiful Crane Beach and has more early 17th century "First Period" colonial homes than any other community in the country.
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The Big Bang Theory's Kunal Nayyar was a guest on the Late, Late Show with Craig Ferguson last night. The somewhat rambling interview hit on topics such as New Delhi vs Old Delhi, Hindus who eat beef, and driving around cows in India.
Craig Ferguson
Mindy Kaling and Craig Ferguson chat about frozen corpses
Actress Mindy Kaling appeared on Craig Ferguson's show moments ago (video
to come in the morning above). The brief interview was a bit bizarre and featured a talking robot as well as lots of references to Ferguson's recent Peabody award.
Building off of a Edmund Hillary–Tenzing Norgay joke that Ferguson made in his monologue, Kaling claimed that to get to the top of Mount Everest, one has to pass "a snowy field of corpses of people who've tried to reach the top of Everest but haven't made it." ("You've made that up," Ferguson shot back.")
I think she was referring to Everest's Death Zone. According to Wikipedia:
Lack of oxygen, exhaustion, extreme cold, and the dangers of the climb all contribute to [Everest's] death toll. A person who is injured so he can't walk himself is in serious trouble since it is often extremely risky to try to carry someone out, and generally impractical to use a helicopter.
People who die during the climb are typically left behind. About 150 bodies have never been recovered. It is not uncommon to find corpses near the standard climbing routes.
This 2007 McClatchy article has more gory details about the Death Zone (all emphasis mine):
To reach the summit of Mount Everest, climbers must ascend through a field of corpses—the bodies of climbers who didn't get off the mountain safely.
Frozen solid, the dead climbers are too heavy to remove easily from the treacherous high slopes. Some perch eerily on rocks; others lie stiff in caves.
"There are a lot of bodies on the mountain," said Duncan Chessell, an Australian veteran of several attempts on Everest's summit.
A team of researchers found in 2008 that "factors most associated with the risk of death were excessive fatigue, a tendency to fall behind other climbers and arriving at the summit later in the day."
Dr. Paul Firth, who led the study, had this warning for potential climbers:
"The majority of those who have died on Everest were in the prime of their lives, with families and friends left bereft," stresses Firth, who is an instructor in Anaesthesia at Harvard Medical School. "Mountaineering is for fun; it's not worth dying or leaving others there to die. Appropriate caution is the hallmark of the elite mountaineer – the mountain will always be there next year."
Adhir Kalyan chats with Craig Ferguson
Rules of Engagement actor Adhir Kalyan had a terrific appearance on The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson on Tuesday. The conversation included a discussion of the elocution teachers at Kalyan's posh primary school in South Africa and ended with an awkward pause contest.
There was actually only one thing about this YouTube video that was disappointing, and that's the fact that CBS's official channel managed to misspell the actor's first and last name. (They apparently think his name is "Ahdir Kaylan.")
On a more positive note, the official Rules of Engagement website has launched Timmy Strikes Back, a blog "written" by Kalyan's character Timmy, a disillusioned Oxford grad who is the personal assistant to the womanizing Russell Dunbar (David Spade). The interactive website also invites viewers to upload and share their own workplace rants.


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CLARKSVILLE — Iowans didn't need the producers of "American Idol" to ramp them up: They were already excited about welcoming Maddie Poppe home on Tuesday.
Poppe, 20, is one of three finalists in the "Idol" competition that airs Sunday and Monday evenings on ABC. The winner receives a recording contract with Hollywood Records and $250,000.
Hundreds packed the Clarksville town square Tuesday afternoon to welcome home the young woman who's put Clarksville on the map.
Some Poppe fans were wearing shirts they'd made themselves, including Joe Vaughn of Story City. His said "Team Sign Me," with Maddie Poppe's autograph on the front.
"I love how humble she is," Vaughn said, noting Poppe also had signed a picture of the two of them together. "She is very much deserving."
But perhaps no one was more excited than Poppe herself, who arrived just before 3 p.m. for a short presentation with Mayor Val Swinton, who proclaimed Tuesday as "Maddie Poppe Day."
Poppe, he said, had generated "positive awareness" of the Butler County city of 1,400 in north-central Iowa.
"You literally have put us on the map," said Swinton, noting his niece in South Carolina posted to Facebook that her uncle was the mayor of Clarksville. "All of a sudden, because of you, I have a really cool position."
"I've always wanted a holiday!" Poppe said. "You know what that means, kids — you get off school! And you can take off work, too!"
"Watch it — you're gonna get elected mayor," Swinton said.
"I literally can't even believe this," she said. "To see it all is just incredible. Thank you so much. ... It's good to be home."
A couple of business owners presented Poppe with gifts. Holly Fokkena, owner of Prairie Rose Fabrics, gave Poppe a quilt, a "bus-warming gift" for Poppe's first tour bus.
"I'm not usually a reality-television person," Fokkena said. "But for this, you have to."
Fokkena and others were sure Poppe would beat out Caleb Lee Hutchinson and Gabby Barrett to claim the "Idol" crown next week.
In turn, Poppe, wearing overalls and combat boots, said she was grateful for her hometown's support.
"This community has been so amazing, (but) I'm not surprised by this," Poppe said. "We all always back each other, no matter what anybody is going through."
Poppe became emotional talking about being surprised by her Class of 2016 classmates when she visited the high school Tuesday morning, as well as hearing the elementary school students sing "Rainbow Connection," the song she sang at her "Idol" audition.
"So many of you out here have really supported me since day one, since I sang 'Landslide' in the gym the first time, or when I would get up with my dad's band at Pioneer Days and sing 'Sweet Child of Mine,' " Poppe said. "You guys aren't just hopping on the bandwagon now. You're not just supporting me because I'm on the show. You guys truly have been there for this whole thing. ... It means the world to me."
Poppe and her family also joined a parade down North Main Street at 5 p.m. Mike Kramer, who owns Pete and Shorty's along the route, sold hot dogs, brats and beverages to the crowd while Poppe's "Idol" tunes played on a speaker.
"She's the full package — songwriter, singer, musician," Kramer said.
Signs were plentiful along the route, including one from Cyndy Christensen of Rockwell, who wrote on hers: "We may not have any stoplights in Butler Co., but we do have a shining star."


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Causes of Gout
There are many causes of gout . But, the primary cause is when there is a build up of uric acid on the joints. The raised level of uric acid is referred to as hyperuricemia which starts when the liver produces plenty of uric acid as well as the body can no longer get rid of it.
The Urinary Tract is the Lobby for Eliminating Uric Acid
Together with too much uric acid, the kidneys are overwhelmed and so it can't function properly. If you eat a lot of foods like steak and cream-based savory sauces or drink too much red wine, gout usually occurs.
Was Even Believed Many Years Ago that the Main Cause of Gout is Money
You see, if you're rich, you can afford to buy loads of foods. You must be aware that if gout occurs frequently, it might lead to permanent damage. If your blood has high uric acid content, the particular acid can solidify or perhaps crystallize. The hardened uric acid sticks to the joint's spaces.
- Numerous problems can take place although to some individuals, gout only means pain or joint stiffness.
- However, many people are afflicted by severe or extreme discomfort once the joints become inflamed or swollen.
- The most common places where gouts occur are on the ankle and big toe.
Who are Prone to Gout?
You can never really tell who will suffer from gout. According to statistics, gout is hereditary and it makes up 18% of the whole gout sufferers. If you have a history of gout in your family, you should live a healthy lifestyle.it would be best to consult a dietician to be able to follow a good dietary regimen. As mentioned earlier, certain foods and drinks cause gout. By having a healthy eating habit or a healthy diet, it is possible to already make a difference by preventing such condition from occurring.
Gout Treatment - How to Cure Gout Instantly - Gout Diet and Natural Remedy
Gout treatment - how to cure gout instantly - gout diet and natural remedy. Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUxKlAVpt5s Please subscribe our ...
Alcoholic Everyone is Also on the Top List of Gout Sufferers
In today's times, a lot of people are usually heavy drinkers specially those with personal problems. Frequent night outs with friends to grab hard drinks or beer can also cause gout. According to some studies, individuals who can't control their alcohol consumption are eligible candidates for developing gout.
Vitamin C for gout treatment, you can get easily from foods Vitamin C can easily and effectively decrease the level of uric acid in the blood. It is the main purpose of any kind of gout treatment whether it s medicines or natural treatments. The standard and standard uric acid level in males is 6 mg/dl but...
- Foods made up of purine also trigger gout symptoms.
- Aside from these things, gout is also due to certain medications and intense exposure to lead.
Have You Checked Your Lifestyle Lately? What about Your Diet?
Is now time to start presenting changes in your diet and lifestyle especially if you have a history of gout in your family. Ask your relations and other family members if there are gout patients in your family line. That is one way of finding out in the event that the problem runs in your blood. If you want, you can consult a doctor if you feel any pain on your own ankle joints or your big toe. By doing so, the doctor can accurately identify your condition.
- Gout is not a life threatening condition but because of the pain experienced by gout sufferers, their every day life is often affected.
- If you bring in progressive lifestyle as well as dietary changes in your life, you can make a big difference.
- A healthy body is your key to avoid or stop gout.
- Keep yourself well informed about gout, causes of gout, and its particular complications by gathering vital info online.
- Knowledge about the condition will help you in determining preventive measures.
- Charlene J.
- Nuble is a healthcare expert who loves writing about medical stuffs.
- Click on the link to learn more about Causes of Gout...


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In India he's an icon and to the rest of the cricketing world he is simply known as one of the greatest ever batsmen.
In this candid interview with Anjali Rao of CNN Inside Asia.
Sachin Tendulkar discusses his triumphs and dealing with the pressures of fame. He does get quite agitated and refuses to discuss the balltampering issue and related fine imposed by Mike Denness during the second test of India's 2001 tour of South Africa.
June 2008.
Matches Tagged in ClipDex2007/08 AUS v IND 2nd Tes ... 2003 ICC World Cup PAK v ... 2008 IPL Series 2001/02 SAF v IND 2003 ICC World Cup Final ...
Series Tagged in ClipDex2001/02 SAF v IND 2008 IPL Series 1 2003 ICC World Cup
Players Tagged in ClipDexDenness, Michael H Tendulkar, Sachin R
Grounds Tagged in ClipDexSt George's Park Supersport Park New Wanderers Stadium SCG India
Categories Tagged in ClipDexInterviews
I agree with Rohan. The question had to be asked and he handled it well - as would be expected from a professional such as Sachin.The rest of the video shows him not only a great player , but a gentleman.
Well he is a great player, he did handle the question well. The reporter has to ask these questions, what I liked is that she did not persist, she moved on.
The CNN reporter was out of order asking such impertinent questions from the great man.
He the the God of Cricket. Long live Sachin.
btw, yes, he did get a upset when asked about the ball tampering issue.
|from around the world
|CricketCrowd articles


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Patterns (8) – Turning to God
Repentance is turning from worldliness and sin and turning to God. Sin is simply lawlessness, living without or outside of God's law. So, to repent is to turn away from sin and living without God, and turn to God. It is both a process and a product. The process begins when we recognize that we have not been living as God would have us to live, and the product is finalized when we put those things behind us.


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ASU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This collection includes most of the ASU Theses and Dissertations from 2011 to present. ASU Theses and Dissertations are available in downloadable PDF format; however, a small percentage of items are under embargo. Information about the dissertations/theses includes degree information, committee members, an abstract, supporting data or media.
In addition to the electronic theses found in the ASU Digital Repository, ASU Theses and Dissertations can be found in the ASU Library Catalog.
Dissertations and Theses granted by Arizona State University are archived and made available through a joint effort of the ASU Graduate College and the ASU Libraries. For more information or questions about this collection contact or visit the Digital Repository ETD Library Guide or contact the ASU Graduate College at firstname.lastname@example.com.
- Frakes, David
- Tepedelenlioglu, Cihan
- 1 Arizona State University
- 1 Jayaraman Thiagarajan, Jayaraman
- 1 Spanias, Andreas
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- Reverse Fountain Cytoplasmic Streaming in Rhizopus Oryzae
- Diné Research Practices and Protocols: An Intersectional Paradigm Incorporating Indigenous Feminism, Critical Indigenous Research Methodologies and Diné Knowledge Systems
- Developing an Augmented Reality Solution for Mapping Underground Infrastructure
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Image understanding has been playing an increasingly crucial role in vision applications. Sparse models form an important component in image understanding, since the statistics of natural images reveal the presence of sparse structure. Sparse methods lead to parsimonious models, in addition to being efficient for large scale learning. In sparse modeling, data is represented as a sparse linear combination of atoms from a "dictionary" matrix. This dissertation focuses on understanding different aspects of sparse learning, thereby enhancing the use of sparse methods by incorporating tools from machine learning. With the growing need to adapt models for large scale data, it …
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- Jayaraman Thiagarajan, Jayaraman, Spanias, Andreas, Frakes, David, et al.
- Created Date
- 2013


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|Review by Jamie
|posted 04-05-2008 05:15 PM
|4654 views
|0 times favorited
|9 comments
- Black & Decker FireStorm 5" Random Orbital Sander
- Brand: Black & Decker | Category: Sanders
Just to start, my oldest daughter Karen was cleaning polish off of her nails at the dining room table when she accidentally tipped over the bottle of nail polish remover. It proceeded to run across the table top and eat through the finish… I decided to strip down the top of the table and refinish it, but I knew that my random orbital sander was on it's last leg so in a way… this gave me good justification for a new shop tool!
Now for the review…
I was originally looking at the DeWalt 5" at lowes for around $70.00 when I came across this one. I was a little worried about the price, at around $34.00, but really liked the jug handle feature. It really makes it easy to get to the hard to reach areas in the middle of a large panel or table, while using one hand. Another feature that I liked was the sealed on/off switch to keep the dust from ruining it, and not to forget the 12' cord which is more than enough for reaching those tough areas also.
After using the sander, I have to say that I have grown to love it. It has a disc brake feature that will stop the sander from spinning if you apply too much downward pressure. It was a little awkward getting use to, but after a little time with it, I am happy that it has this feature. It definately seems has enough power to get just about any job done, from small to large. There are three areas for holding the sander: on the neck, top, and the jug handle. All of these areas have rubber pads to ensure comfort.
Included with the sander is a blown plastic case, a few sanding discs of various grits, and a dust collector bag that attaches to the rear. The only downfall of this sander that I have found so far is that it didn't have anyway to attach it to my shopvac. There is an adapter that can be bought seperately though.
I bought some extra sanding discs of various grits, and the holes didn't exactly line up with the holes in the sander. Not to say that is a problem with the sander, but could just be the type of discs I bought.
Feels solidly built while holding
3 gripping points including the jug handle
Plenty of power for just about any job
Sealed on/off switch
12' cord
Comes with a carrying case
Hook and Loop sandpaper fastening
Doesn't come with the ShopVac attachment
I completed refinishing the table top and it turned out fantastic. My daughters boyfriend saw it and said.. 'How did you do that!'
-- Jamie, Kentucky
9 comments so far
#1 posted 04-05-2008 07:19 PM
Great review.
-- I've been blessed with a father who liked to tinker in wood, and a wife who lets me tinker in wood. Appomattox Virginia [email protected] †
#2 posted 04-05-2008 07:33 PM
great review. i saw this sander too but i too have been skeptical to buy it because of its price and because of what i have heard of Black and Deckers quality over the years. my firestorm tools have been good though so i guess that their firestorm branch must be somewhat better than the regular tools. thanks for the review.
#3 posted 04-05-2008 07:38 PM
Nice review!
-- Gary - Never pass up the opportunity to make a mistake look like you planned it that way - Tyler, TX
#4 posted 04-05-2008 08:21 PM
Great review – lots of info about your conclusions. It's very nice to hear that B&D is still making some good products!
-- http://www.peteroxley.com/woodworking -- http://north40studios.etsy.com --
#5 posted 04-05-2008 11:20 PM
Hit and Miss with Black and Decker. I have an old B&D miter saw that seems like it will never die. I also have a benchtop workmate that makes a fine extra vise and then there's my old jigsaw. The Jigsaw is worthless in my opinion, but I keep it because it was my Grandfathers tool and he made some pretty cool stuff with it.
-- --Chuck
#6 posted 04-08-2008 04:27 AM
I like black and decker, they seem to make a good value tool. Even if it's not the Festool with 20 diffrent features like, rotex, automatic dust collection system, and auto pilot :) it still does the job with affecient and good results. Great review.
-- Tyler, Illinois
#7 posted 04-08-2008 03:14 PM
I just bought one too. I agree with you 100%. I think it was a steal. We will see how long it lasts though. mike
-- (You just have to please the man in the Mirror) Mike from Michigan -
#8 posted 04-08-2008 07:55 PM
Thanks Guy's!
-- "Everything that is great and inspiring is created by the individual who labors in freedom" -- Albert Einstein
#9 posted 05-10-2008 03:35 PM
it seems like not all B & D tools are created equal. I'll be shooting out to the store today to pick this one up. I'll write a review in a couple of weeks after i get some use. thanks for the review.
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Keystone XL takes two steps closer to Obama's desk (+video) – Christian Science Monitor
Washington — Support for the controversial Keystone XL oil pipeline surged on Friday, both in the US House and Nebraska's high court. But that hasn't changed the White House position that the president would veto a bill to approve the pipeline if it came to his desk.
On Friday, Nebraska's high court ruled that Nebraska landowners cannot challenge the governor's right to set the route of the pipeline through the state. Then the US House of Representatives approved the pipeline 226 to 153, with 28 Democrats voting in favor.
President Obama is "out of excuses" for blocking the Canada-to-Texas pipeline, said House Speaker John Boehner (R) of Ohio on Friday shortly before the vote.
The GOP-controlled Senate plans to bring an identical bill to the floor next week, despite the president's veto threat, which the White House reiterated on Friday. The Senate bill has six Democratic cosponsors – enough to ward off a filibuster and get a bill to the president's desk, but not enough to overcome a presidential veto.
Earlier this week, the White House cited the pending Nebraska ruling as one reason for its plans to veto a Keystone bill. But other objections still stand – including the assertion that Congress is circumventing the president's authority to issue permits for a pipeline that crosses an international border.
Environmentalists and other Democrats on the Hill still vigorously oppose the controversial pipeline – which the majority of Americans support.
"This ruling has no impact on the fact that the Keystone XL tar-sands pipeline fails President Obama's climate test, threatens our water, and is a bad deal for the American people. It's unfortunate that congressional Republicans are wasting time with continued attempts to go around the president despite his pledge to veto this harmful bill," said Tiernan Sittenfeld, senior vice president of the League of Conservation Voters, in a statement.
With the Nebraska court ruling out of the way, the State Department can now resume its review of the pipeline. It had halted its nearly complete review in April because three Nebraska landowners challenged a 2012 state law that allowed the governor to set the route through Nebraska, rather than the Nebraska Public Service Commission that regulates pipelines and utilities.
But the state's high court ruled on Friday that the landowners did not have legal standing to bring the case. As a result, Gov. Dave Heineman is now empowered to allow Calgary-based TransCanada Corp. to force landowners in eastern Nebraska to sell their property for the pipeline. The ruling adds pressure on the State Department to speedily finish its review.
Mr. Sittenfeld and other environmentalists urged the president to quickly reject the pipeline, but Republicans in Congress cite an earlier State Department report that found no major environmental problems. Earlier this week, the lead Democratic cosponsor of the Senate bill, Joe Manchin of West Virginia, said he was "very disappointed" with the president's promised veto.
"You would have thought that at least the White House and the president would say, 'Let's go through this process and let that play out and at the end of the day, I'll tell you why or why I do not support it,' " said Senator Manchin on "Fox and Friends."
He pointed out that other Democrats are planning amendments that might help increase Democratic support for the bill. The amendments include prohibiting the export of oil from the pipeline and requiring that American-made steel be used in its construction. Whether those and other amendments will be adopted will be determined over the coming days.
In the end, it is the president who will make the decision, given that Congress, at the moment, lacks the votes for an override.


text: Indiana taxpayers prefer online tax filing for the convenience and peace-of-mind it brings. More and more taxpayers are turning to this method because it's like hiring a tax professional that lives in your computer. Easy to understand prompts guide the taxpayer through the latest tax codes and requirements, and automated math calculations help ensure accuracy. The forms are send over secured networks, so there's no chance of losing a return in the mail. Filing is free and is fees are applicable they can be deducted from the federal refund.


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Best Makeup for Mature Skin
When we're young we barely need makeup to look good, but when we get old and need the camouflage more than ever, it sometimes seems impossible to find a foundation that's up to the job! But don't despair, it is possible to find makeup that works for mature skin. It's all about good preparation, choosing the right products, and applying them with subtlety.
Lose the Powder!
Most of us grew up using powder cosmetics. Those born in the '40s may use pressed powder instead of foundation; baby boomers were taught to set their liquid foundation with translucent powder; and nearly all of us have used powder blush. The latest craze for mineral powder foundations has sucked in a few of us, too, with the promise of better skin.
Unfortunately, powder—even mineral powder—is unflattering to most mature women, for two reasons:
1. Matte Means Flat
When we're young, our skin has a natural glow. In hot weather or if we have oily skin, that glow can get out of hand, so powder is useful. However, most women find their skin dries out after 50, so there's less need to mattify.
The glow of youth diminishes, so now we need to enhance it, not hide it! Powder hides any remaining sheen we have and can give a flat, lifeless look.
2: Facial Hair
The other thing to watch for is the effect of powder on fine, downy facial hair. Powder clings to the hairs and makes them far more obvious, especially in bright light.
This problem is rarely mentioned by beauty writers, so I was gratified to see a recent Vogue review of a new mineral powder foundation. The writer raved about how great it was, then added, "however powder foundations are not recommended if you have facial down."
Light-Reflecting Foundations Equals Wrinkles!
If powder is too matte, then maybe the new "light-reflecting" foundations and highlighters are the answer? These products are often marketed to mature women, as a way of reclaiming a youthful glow. Unfortunately, they have their downside on lined skin, too.
Put a light-reflecting foundation or highlighter on a wrinkled area, and light will reflect off the peaks but not in the troughs—making your wrinkles stand out even more! The same applies to foundations or highlighters that are pearlised.
Many mineral powder foundations fall into this category as they often contain mica or other light-reflecting ingredients. The combination of powder and light reflection can be an unfortunate double whammy for some older faces.
The Problem With Full-Coverage Foundation
Uneven skin tone is a giveaway sign of aging. The obvious reaction is to use a foundation that offers better coverage. It may camouflage pigmentation, but it comes at a price!
If a foundation promises to cover better or last longer, it's also going to be heavier or at least, stickier. That means it's almost certain to settle into lines more.
So, if you're trying a foundation or concealer, don't judge by how it looks when you put it on. Wait half an hour, then take a good look at your face in a good light (and, if your eyesight isn't what it was, use a magnifying mirror!).
I tried this recently with an expensive foundation that promised a "dewy, age-defying, long-wearing finish."
It looked great at first, but half an hour later when I looked in the mirror and smiled, I changed my mind. The foundation had settled into my eye wrinkles, so when I smiled I had a map of the Nile delta below each eye!
Use a Subtle Approach
The sad truth is that makeup's ability to camouflage wrinkles and pigmentation is far more limited than marketing suggests.
Remember that even the heavily made-up models in the ads have been photoshopped to hide their flaws! I wish I could offer a magic solution to transform an older face, but I haven't found one so far.
I've found the best approach is to turn the whole thing on its head. Instead of attacking with everything you've got, be subtle. It may not hide as much, but people will think you're not made up, so they'll think your bright eyes and rosy cheeks are natural!
Makeup Tips for Mature Skin
- Use primers under makeup—it will help even out skin tone and texture, and keep your makeup fresher longer. Primers are available for the face, lips and eyes.
- Use a BB cream, CC cream or even a tinted moisturizer instead of foundation, or mix your foundation with a drop of moisturizer for a soft finish.
- Use cream blusher (stick or compact), not powder, for a more dewy look.
- If you use concealer under your eyes, pat it from the inner corner of your eye to the mid-point. If you use it under the outer corner, it will highlight your wrinkles.
- Use a highlighter just under your brow bone to open up your eyes
- As we age, our eyelids turn purple. A pale peach or gold shadow over the whole eyelid will counteract that and give a more youthful look.
- Use a nude or pale pink eyeliner along the inside edge of your lower lid (like kohl)—instant sparkle!
- Use a lipliner to sharpen the outline of your lips.
- Never put mascara on your lower lashes.
Fix the Fundamentals
You may be feeling frustrated that there isn't more you can do with cosmetics to improve your look. But there is something else you can do—tackle the underlying problems instead of trying to hide the result.
There are ways to work on improving your skin's condition, rather than trying to cover it up.
There are several non-surgical facelift systems which can bring back a youthful glow, and reduce wrinkles. My personal favourite is Omnilux Revive. Whether you have a monthly salon treatment or do it yourself at home, it's fantastic for evening out your skin tone and diminishing wrinkles.
Further Resources
- Grown-up beauty: Less is more for mature skin | Mail Online
Beauty expert KAY MONTANO speaks to Sixties model Twiggy about how her simple makeup look enhances her natural radiance and is an inspiration to us all.
- Top Mature Foundations for Women Over 40
As a continuation from the previous Top 5 Foundations for Women Over 40, we realized that only listing five foundations for "mature" skin was a little skimpy. Women creeping closer to 40, or even well over that milestone, definitely need the correct
This content is accurate and true to the best of the author's knowledge and is not meant to substitute for formal and individualized advice from a qualified professional.
© 2009 Kate Swanson
first I thought I responded to this before but anyway, 4 or 3 months ago, I realized I just can't use any foundation.and I was surprised a pressed powder is now a disaster, my skin changed a lot, I was so oily when I was younger, but now face seemed dried as some part and oily some. Then Mary K was recommended to me, I tried to use them from the facial wash to toner, moisturizer, day cream and night cream, then the foundation is Mary K CC cream. I see great improvement,because my skin improved a lot, kinda expensive but it is all worth it but I am thinking of just maintaining the moisturizer and facial wash. I also discover the Miracle Finish series from the Face Shop, I think this cushion presses powder is better as alternative to ordinary press powder that I used before.
Have any of you given Mary Kay a chance?
Great Article! I too agree that less is more. Sometimes when people have on too much makeup it can really make them look older! Thanks for sharing!
I am 70. Ten years ago, I had a facelift and a chemical peal (which I have never regretted since I still have no lines). The only downside is, because of my chemical peal, I have a white complexion and I have to use really good cover to look alive. My present cover, Elizabeth Arden covers well but is getting to heavy. Any suggestions?
Someone wanted to know about chapped lips and no mascara on the lower lashes. Lip balm is the way to go, Nivea has a great lip balm and so does Aveeno and MAC has one if you're going high end. If you're worried about mascara flaking off your lashes, Maybelline's Falsies Mascara does not flake off. I've tried many mascaras and I'm 50+.
my god girls why all the fuss why not do what i do i
have been using these helpful tips since i hit 50.get yourself a brown paper bag put it over your head and cut a couple of slits for your eyes gives a nice even cover every time. another faverite of mine it is quick and easy and won`t coast a thing stay in. just thought some light heartedness on the ageing subject
I lost weight and unfortunately my face lost the weight as well - result sagging cheeks and wrinkles. I was pretty at one time but now I look terrible. What remedy do you have for me? Would appreciate any thing.
I've been using Avon since I was a teenager, now at 68 I've fallen in love with Avon's "Platinum" line for the over 60 crowd. Who would have thought there would be a cosmetic line for women over 60?
Some of it is useful; however I CANNOT use a cream blush at 78; it just disappears into my skin. Have found a creamy powder blush that works well (Physicians Formula) and is actually in my budget since losing my job in 2007!
I use a tinted moisturize which works well in South Florida where I live; but am looking for a more luminous look..friend tried Guerlain beds (mid 70's and looks great) I like it; however, they do not actually recommend it for seniors?????? I have dry light light/medium skin//any suggestions anyone?
I'm over 60; to apply foundation I mix it with some water and moisturizer and blend it together. I have a magnifying small mirror stuck on the window, so I can see what I'm doing; otherwise, Good Luck and smudging.To control shine, I always carry blotting papers, they are wonderful (although I don't always remember to use them).
I am 46 and have some lines around the eyes and have been looking to switch from Clinique to something else cause it's settling in the lines. I saw a lady who had many many more lines than I have and her makeup was beautiful and couldn't resist to ask about her foundation and she said Mary Kay. I never thought of trying them but she looked great.
I'm looking for a foundation that will cover my very red nose- without showing all the pores! The last time I wore foundation on my nose my son asked what all the dots were! Can you suggest anything?
Marissa, it's too bad that the individuals who disagree with you can't do it in a more pleasant fashion. Good for you for not responding in kind.
I am 63 and am looking for an eyelid shadow to cover my somewhat red and veiny looking eyelids. Clinique's touch tint for eyes in "soft heather" worked so well, but of course it's no longer available. I just bought Clinique's new lid smoothie in "Currant Affair" and its deeper purple shade makes me look as if I have black and blue eyes. Do you think that the peach eye shadow you have suggested would work for this problem. I'd like to put it on first thing in the morning.
Thanks for all the great tips that you have here. I'm a first time user and will definitely return.
I am 65 years old and basically have wrinkle free skin because I have never sun bathed. My problem is that as I get older, my skin is bleaching itself and the once rosy color I had is now so chalk white it is nearly colorless. The whiteness of my skin is so strong, that it whitens all the foundation colors I put on it. I need a foundation that is dense enough to overcome the whiteness of my skin.
Any advice will be highly appreciated.
I am 50 and my skin is oiler than ever - if I went without powder I would be like an oil slick! Not all mature women have dried up skin - your so called tips were just to sell Omnilux devices - which by the way don't work and are as much use as your tips!
Thanks for the tips...they all sound great but many won't help me at my age of 68. My skin has always been clear because I went through a lot of trouble making sure it was clean and used very expensive mosturizers, etc. When I turned 60 it seemed everything went downhill...skin became dull, brown spots started popping up (which are a real problem now) and small red spots on my cheeks. Because of all this I use a lot more make-up to try to cover them up, which I find doesn't really work. I'm not sure anything can help me and I hate looking in my make-up mirror. I'm smart enough to know that I'll never look "young" again but I'd love to find something that would help my skin look better. Just wearing a tinted mosturizer would never work for me, I'm afraid.
I'm 71 and wear very light makeup foundation. i haven't worn mascara for years because of the droopy-look and constant smudging. I feel like i need to define my eyes so i use eyeliner on bottom rim only. i keep my face clean and use moisturizers. although i still have wrinkles, i figure at my age, i've earned 'em. i will try the tinted moisturizer you write of...and the lipliner as well, just because i don't want to look tired. Thanks for your very informative words of wisdom.
'm glad to know I'm not alone here... Throughout my life (even my teenage years) I have always had a good complexion. I mean, here and there I'd get a little breakout, but nothing to write home about. For the most part, my adolescence was smooth sailing as far as my skin went...
I have talked about this with a few other women around my age (35-55) and we all came up with the idea that it may be a biological/hormonal change that occurs for women at this particular age. There also may be a stress factor as we have a lot more to worry about and be responsible for than we did back then.
For my 40th birthday, my mom bought me a bottle of Made from Earth's Vitamin Enhanced Face Firming Serum, and after a few weeks, people were commenting that I looked less tired. They even asked if I lost weight, been exercising or on vacation!
Since it works gradually over a few weeks, you notice a bit of difference yourself, but the people who don't see you that often really notice a dramatic change. Smaller wrinkles are smoothed out and disappear completely, while large ones get smaller.
Hi Marisa,
I agree that once our skin is older, less is more. I have been using a light tinted moisturizer, and sometimes that's all on the skin. If I want a bit more, it's a cream based moisture makeup, like Olay Revitalizing. I've tried shades of pinks on eyes (again, not for everyday) and surprisingly it highlights them and looks natural. And you are so right with the No NO about mascara on bottom lashes. It never comes off! Nivea is great too. Nicely done!
For those people asking about why mature ladies shouldn't use mascara on the lower lashes - it is because it drags your eyes down. Well, that's what it does to me. Other than an eyelash tint, I put nothing on my lower lid. Even the slightest hint of colour there instantly makes me look tired.
Totally agree on the foundation question. I spent a while thinking that I needed full cover now that I am older, and spent quite a bit of money thinking that if I bought quality (= expensive) foundations they would not cake. Hah! My solution now is to use a tinted moisturiser. I've tried several and a fairly cheap one by Nivea works very well. I don't tend to wear make up very often, but when I do use the tinted moisturiser, lots of people comment on how "radiant" or "well" I look, so it obviously does its job well. BTW I'm 57 too.
I take care of my skin. I know how to apply makeup. I'm not a 'Baby Jane'...and I found this article to be condesending, thank you very much. I am sure there is a foundation out there that can even out 'mature' skin tone. Do you really think that women over 50 just 'cake' on their makeup to fill in wrinkles??? (perhaps some do, but most don't). Instead of telling us to give it up, why ccouldn't you offer some suggestion for foundation brands that best even the skin tone plus 50 skin? Instead, this article emphasized how 'not' to apply makeup and then in the end, suggest a face lift. How old is the author?? 22?
Thanks a lot for your tips. I just turned 60 , and I consider looking pretty good for my age. Everyone that doesn't know me, think I'm in my 40's. I never use powder. I just put very light and thin, pencil eraser size dab of foundation on each cheek and forehead (3 in all) and spread it all over. Then I dab off the excess with a cotton ball puff. It gives me a natural look. I still haven't given up on powder blush. I outline my lips because as you age, lips lose there shape. I have never smoked, so I don't have those wrinkles around my mouth. I use a beigey lip liner. I fill in my lips with a creamy either peachy or rose lipstick using a lip brush. I color my hair blonde with highlights and lowlights, keep it layered shoulder length and have always had bangs. Mature women are stereo typed of always having short hair. Therefore, I keep my hair longer. I will definitely try the cream blush and lighter liner. I always use dark brown eyeliner. Thanks again for your WONDERFUL tips! ...Dagmar
Hi, This was really detailed and Im guessing really helpful for the people it was aimed at but I am fourteen and I have loads of spots and not much money to spend on products, I was wonering if you could do an aticle on that? Thanks,
can you recommend and nice light foundation for 40ish skin?
I am 49 and have been using mineral makeup because I also have acne prone skin. Can't wear liquid makeup or tinted moisturizer without it making me breakout and you say powder makes wrinkles more noticeable. So now what?!
Thanks for the tips. I just purchased the Micabella vitamin C exfoliating peeling gel. Can a mature woman use this product without damaging the face. How often can I exfoliate with this product as I was told it does work.Need your advise. I still use the pouder sparingly because i can not return them .
useful tips .i was aabout to buy good looking and attractive pack of newly advrtised powder .you saved my money and day .......thanks
thanks for sharing I particularly like your tip of using nude or pale pink eye-liner great idea..!!!
Really useful tips. We have added a link from our hub "Benefit Cosmetics and the Older Woman". Hope that's okay with you.
These are really good tips - now if I could just see to put the darn stuff on! As far as working with our best highlights, I figure a good pair of shoes is a place to start :-)
I really like your tips. Those are really very true especially about lose powders. Thanks for sharing such a great read.
I am 51 and still have excellent vision. I use light, or clear forumula mascara on my lower lashes to define and that detracts from the wrinkles below the eye because I'm drawing more attention to my eyes. I also use an airbrush system for foundation and for contouring. I lighten up the whole eye area above the lower lash and from the middle of the eye inward to help keep the illusion. It seems to work for me. Hope that helps others.
Good advice.Sometimes it is hard to look in the mirror and see an older face,I just have deal with it. You are so right about the powder!
very solid information. You are so right that less is more for those of us who are getting older. I have to make sure my light is good in my bath.
Thank you for sharing.
Thought that could be it, but thanx for clearing that up for me!
I'd like to know why you (and others) advise not to use mascara on lower lashes of mature ladies? Thanx
I'm only 25 but i'm just now beginning to see the signs that i'm no longer growing, and we all know what that means. i've noticed my first laugh lines around my eyes, and i'm not laughin!
i started using Vagisil's chafing gel on my face, as a primer, and it works like MAGIC.
Thank you Marisa!
Great hub with helpful information and good advice. Mineral make-up is the best, both from a skin and beauty prospective.
I changed from foundation and powder to cream foundation, but I still get a very shiny nose. I have to use a mattifier to help control the shine. Thanks for all the tips. Aloha!
marissa, Can we buy it by the bucketful. I need it that's for sure. great hub thanks
Marisa: I got curious about your articles, and clicked on this one, and wow, the tips are marvelous! I use mineral makeup but in the back of my mind, I kept thinking maybe I should be using a creme blusher as it gives my skin a better glow, but since I keep hearing that minerals are good for one's skin, I have stuck with them. Have bookmarked this hub!
This is really good advice for mature skin as lots of us find out to our cost. I always go for a light tinted moisturiser to reduce the risk of wrinkle clogging. You have some really good products for people to try and I have in fact used Laura Mercier foundation primer. Make-up needs to be tip top at my age. I have written several Health & Beauty articles here at Hubpages, but I think I need to go a long way before I can have them looking as good as yours.
Marisa Wright,
Nice hub!
You are right less is more. As my skin matures I use even less make up. These are great tips!
I'm aging, and so im more concerned about using the right make up for a maturing skin. Thanks for the tips!


text:
As Western Easter approaches, it seems the voice of disbelief has gotten louder. I don't know if I just happen to be surfing to the wrong blogs, but especially being post-Christian seems quite fashionable. That's not to say that never-have-believed crowd is being pushed to the side.
Andrew McKie, the Obituaries Editor of The Daily Telegraph dared to blog today "Why I believe in God", and most of the responses are the same atheist drivel. Stuff like: "After Darwin kicked away one of the major supports of Christianity, it was downhill all the way. Because only Flat-earthers and Americans buy that Creationist/Intelligent Design crap." You gotta love that poncy British air of superiority.
But the most ridiculous of all is, "Over time religious people will die off and nonbelief and science will triumph over ancient mythology." The only problem is that there are more and more religious people. Christianity is growing at a far greater rate in the global south than it is dying out in western Europe. And not only do religious people far outnumber non-believers, but they also have a much higher rate of procreation.
As I commented in response on McKie's blog, what's actually dying is western Europe itself. At well below the replacement rate of population, nonbelief is on pace to die out pretty quick. This is because humanism has a very selfish, personal side. A significant number put off procreating until it is biologically too late and if they do it at an inconvenient time, and miss the morning-after pill, they elect to have one of the 200,000 abortions recorded in the UK each year.
The same commenter then said something even more ludicrous: "Some recent studies indicate that religious people are happier than nonbelievers. People are always happier when they are deluded because they do not realize there is a reason for them to be unhappy. Couple that with the fact that nonbelievers in the United States are marginalized and attacked by believers it should surprise no one that nonbelievers are less happy."
That's right. Christians are happier because they are deluded. If they knew the truth, they would be as unhappy as everyone else. What a depressing worldview. And non-believers are not just unhappy because they are not deluded. No, it is the fault of those happy Christians! Or more specifically, those happy American Christians. They are compounding the depression of nihilism already oppressing the unbelievers! Roving gangs of happy Christians attacking random unbelievers. No doubt stopping unbelievers on the street and when they can't pass the Christian shibboleths, marginalising them right then and there.
And it would appear that according to this commenter, the impact of these American attacks is felt world-wide by non-believers, making all of them less happy. Who knew? Well, clearly not believers. They have been blissfully deluded.