text:
We evaluated 10 well-known Medicare supplement insurance plans, and after careful review identified the eight best options for 2020. To draw our conclusions, we checked with customers in the market, reviewed data and consulted insurance experts. In summary, no one plan is best for all situations, so we recommend shopping around using a Medicare expert like United Medicare Advisors to compare plans. The eight Medicare supplement insurance companies we think are worth your consideration include: United Medicare Advisors, Cigna, Mutual of Omaha, Medicare.net, Humana, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Aetna and AARP by United Healthcare.
How much do you know about Medicare supplement insurance? Contrary to common belief, Medicare, the government-funded healthcare insurance for American citizens age 65 and up, doesn't cover 100% of your medical costs. Medicare supplement insurance plans add additional coverage to fill the gap in coverage between Medicare and your actual medical expenses. Private companies sell these so-called "Medigap" policies, which are typically used to cover expenses like deductibles and co-pays.
Coverage can be difficult to understand, and varies by market. Massachusetts, Minnesota, and Wisconsin provide their own policies for residents. The remaining 47 states in the U.S. rely on 11 standard plans that accommodate all types of health, lifestyle, and budget demands. These plans vary based coinsurance needs such as hospital stay, hospice care, travel expectations and more.
In this guide, we'll provide tips for making a well-informed Medigap insurance purchase, investigate the best companies in the industry, and address some frequently asked questions.
Top tips:
- Insist on price transparency
- Enrollment starts when you are 65 or older and enroll in Medicare Part B
Tips For A Wise Buyer
Be sure to sign up for Medicare supplement insurance within the 6-month window after you turn 65 (or elder) AND enroll in Medicare Part B. When asked what the number one biggest mistake Americans make is regarding Medicare supplemental insurance, a spokesman with the U.S. Social Security Administration told us "Everyone thinks they have enough coverage when they're 65 if they're working or if they have insurance through their spouse. They don't think they have to sign up. Then later they find out they have missed their open enrollment period."
During the open enrollment timeframe, federal law bans insurers from denying you coverage or charging higher premiums if you have a pre-existing health condition or disability. If you try to sign up after that window, you will likely pay more for premiums and may even be denied.
Start planning as soon you turn 65
Understanding the fine print in a supplemental policy makes a big difference. Research will help you avoid situations like being charged extra out-of-pocket or out-of-network fees. Ultimately, coverage options for supplement insurance varies by plan type and provider, so it's difficult to know what factors are most important.
Consider these three major factors to find the best supplemental insurance policy: price transparency, helpfulness, and coverage.
New for 2019
Sometimes the government changes things like open enrollment periods and what Medicare supplement plans are offered. Here is what's changed for 2019 according to Medicare.gov.
- Plan F will no longer be offered at the end of 2019
- Plan G is believed to be the new go-to plan if you once had Plan F as it is basically the same except for the deductible.
Price transparency
There are going to be a number of expenses, charges, and premiums to decode. Set your budget first, then look for a company that is upfront about premiums before you sign on the line.
You should be informed before buying. If you're reading this guide, that's a good start. And in general you should be a skeptical buyer, although Medigap insurance is heavily regulated. Still, shopping for insurance can be exhausting, but the best companies make the process as streamlined as possible. Look for a company that caters to your needs, such as a physical office for a face-to-face meeting, a helpful customer service representative on the phone, or online chat.
The more coverage choices available, the more opportunities you have to save and get the best care. Look for companies that offer several or all of the 10 standard plans, then pick what works best for you.**
Benefits by Plan Type
|Plan Type
|Part A coinsurance and hospital costs
|Part B coinsurance or copayment
|Blood (first 3 pints)
|Part A hospice care coinsurance or copayment
|Skilled nursing facility care coinsurance
|Part A deductible
|Part B deductible
|Part B**
|Foreign travel exchange
|Out-of-pocket limit**
|Plan Type
|Part A coinsurance and hospital costs
|Part B coinsurance or copayment
|Blood (first 3 pints)
|Part A hospice care coinsurance or copayment
|Skilled nursing facility care coinsurance
|Part A deductible
|Part B deductible
|Part B**
|Foreign travel exchange
|Out-of-pocket limit**
** Check Medicare.gov for exceptions and additional limitations
Our Search For The Best Medicare Supplement Plans
1. We considered a large number of Medicare supplement insurance companies
2. We evaluated Medicare supplement insurance companies based on our expert guided criteria: price transparency, helpfulness and coverage
3. We brought you the best Medigap plans for consideration
Searching for the right policy can be difficult, so we did it for you. The approach we took to hone in on the top supplemental insurance companies was as follows:
- We considered a large number of supplemental insurance companies
We kicked off our search with 10 Medicare supplement insurance companies that offer a multitude of plans. We included companies that appeared in popular website queries, and those that spent a large amount of money advertising on TV or the radio. These are the companies most likely to be shopped by consumers.
- We followed our own buying tips
Next, we analyzed these companies based on our expert-guided buyer criteria in three categories: price transparency, helpfulness, and coverage. Companies that obscured their prices, made the process very difficult, or had limited coverage options were cut from the search.
- We shopped for policies
We contacted companies and asked for more information. We found out that policies ranged in price from less than $100/month for basic coverage to thousands for maximum protection.
Then, we shared these best companies for you, a friend or family member to consider.
Medicare Supplement Plan Reviews
After our evaluation, we selected three best Medicare supplemental insurance providers: AARP by UnitedHealthcare, Mutual of Omaha, and United Medicare Advisors. Each of these companies were good picks, and also stood out in a unique way.
United Medicare Advisors
Great Coverage
Screenshot: UMA Website
United Medicare Advisors will help guide you through the confusing aspects of Medicare plans to find the best insurance strategy for your personal needs. The company works with more than 27 plan providers in 45 states and has produced more than 100,000 policies. Medical Advisors represent companies like Gerber, Sterling and Humana.
Price transparency: To get a quote you can either call a United Medicare Advisors representative or complete an online form with your contact and health details. Upon sending it off, an agent will contact you with suggested plans. United Medicare Advisors need personal information to form a tailored quote for each individual. Their website says they save consumers an average of around $634 per year by switching to a new Medigap plan.
To find out more, visit their website to get a quote, or call 877-850-6440.
Read our comprehensive United Medicare Advisors review.
Great Online Marketplace
Screenshot: Medicare.net sample state search
Medicare.net is a one-stop-shop for up-to-date information on Medicare, Medicare supplement plans, Medicare Advantage, prescripton plans and more. It works with every major insurance carrier to provide real-time quotes by state and zipcode. Information you'll find on their website includes:
- Carrier Medicare information – details on carries such as BCBS, Humana, Aetna and more.
- Important Medicare information – find information on current and future Medicare, Medigap and Medicare Advantage prices, as well as details on prescription drug cards and when to apply for Medicare.
- New Medicare customer information – if you're new to Medicare, Medicare.net explains what Medicare is and how to apply for it.
Medicare.net wants to help you find the best plan for your situation. Its "Help me find the best plan" button gives your four choices: needs assesment, build your plan, current plan comparion and are my drugs covered?. Depending on your current situation, choose one of the four plans to filter Medicare, Medigap and Medicare Advantage plans.
Read our comprehensive Medicare.net review
AARP by UnitedHealthcare
Great Service
The American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) offers AARP Medicare Supplemental Insurance plans via UnitedHealthcare. UnitedHealthcare is a subsidiary of UnitedHealth Group and is America's biggest health insurer, boasting over 130 million members.
Price transparency: AARP earned the top spot as the number one most transparent company since the site generates actual sample rates – without requiring you to fill out personal details in an online form or call a representative. To view rates, type in your ZIP code in the "Find Plans In Your Area" toolbar, then a list generates of all of the available plans and prices based on your age and the plan you want to select. If you decide you want a more detailed quote, then you can call a customer service representative or fill out an online information form requesting to be contacted.
Screenshot: AARP by UHC website
Helpfulness: The company takes as much guesswork as possible out of your quest for supplemental insurance. For example, you can answer a couple health questions in an online quiz that'll match you with potential plans that may work for you. Company representatives are also available by phone seven days a week. The AARP website has a search tool to find plans in your ZIP code and a link to schedule in-person info meetings in your area if you'd rather have a face-to-face meeting.
Coverage: Now depending on your state, the site offers at least 10 different plans for you to pick. And as we mentioned, the greater the number of plans the greater options you have to get the healthcare you want at a price you can manage.
Mutual of Omaha
Great Advice
The Omaha, Nebraska Fortune 500 health insurance and financial services firm offers a wide range of insurance products, from health to auto coverage. Mutual of Omaha has received stellar ratings, including an A+ (Superior) from A.M. Best Company, Inc. for overall financial strength and its "ability to meet ongoing obligations to policyholders."
Price transparency: You won't find any quotes online. You can, however, start the price conversation by completing a quick online form on the site and a representative will contact you to go over possible plans.
Screenshot: Mutual of Omaha
Helpfulness: You can search the site for the closest available agent for a face-to-face talk, or fill out a quick online form stating specific times you're available for a customer service representative to call you – as well as include any notes to explain your needs. The site also features an education section titled "Planning and Advice" which is essentially a Medicare 101 info center to turn you into a Medicare pro. The section includes helpful articles touching on topics including your enrollment period and eligibility rules. That way you can read up on an arsenal of info before you reach out to a representative so you have a better handle on what to ask and what you're looking for.
Coverage: A search of coverage options by state shows lots of options for consumers to look into, along with links to nearby agents' offices for you to visit in-person or call with questions for local support.
Check out our comprehensive Mutual of Omaha Medicare Supplement review.
Great Perks
Humana is a Fortune 500 company offering several health insurance plans, including Medicare supplement plans. It services over 13 million customers and has won numerous awards from the National Business Group on Health, American Heart Association, Military Times and other organizations for the company's insurance products and responsible business practices.
Price transparency: Humana offers quotes on their website with a simple zip code search. Enter your zip code and you'll see a list of Medicare supplement insurance policies available in your area. Prices are easily comparable thanks to Human's user-friendly site.
Perks: Humana's Medicare supplement policies come with perks not found with other companies. Perks include discounts for using electronic payments, Silver Sneakers fitness program, 24-hour nurse access via telephone, discounts on eye exams, contact lenses and glasses, over-the-counter medication, massage therapy and more.
For more about Human's perks, policy details, pricing and more, read our comprehensive Humana Medicare supplement insurance review or get a quote online.
Blue Cross Blue Shield
Most Widely-Used Insurer
Established in 1929, BCBS provides Medicare Supplement insurance and personalized, affordable health plans to more than 106 million Americans, equal to nearly one out of every three health insurance consumers across the country. Blue Cross Blue Shield is the umbrella company for 36 different U.S.-based independent health insurance companies like Anthem, CareFirst and Regence, among others.
Price Transparency: You can find out if Blue Cross Blue Shield offers Medicare supplement insurance your state and zip code with a simple online search through their website. If one of their affiliated companies (like Anthem) offers coverage in your area, your search will denote that. Prices aren't readily available, however, especially when compared with other company's websites. You'll need to call for a quote
Helpfullness: Blue Cross Blue Shield's website is very informative on not only Medicare Supplement Insurance, but any type of insurance they offer. If you're new to Medicare supplement insurance, you'll find a breakdown of costs, limits and things to consider before purchasing a policy.
For more information on their Medicare supplement policies, read our comprehensive Blue Cross Blue Shield Medicare Supplement Insurance review.
Great Online Portal
Aetna Insurance Company opened for business in 1853 selling annuities and soon after, life insurance. Today, they offer five Medicare supplement plans – Plans A, B, F, G and N – in addition to their long list of other insurance types.
Price Transparency: Aetna provides policy pricing on their website although it is a little tricky to find. Once you select your state, policy prices are listed in a PDF document. For an actual quote you will need to call Aetna directly as they do not offer online quotes.
Helpfulness: Aetna's website doesn't provide a lot of information on what a Medicare supplement plan is in general but does a good job of explaining what thier Medicare supplement plans cover and how much they cover.
Read our in-depth review of Aetna Medicare supplement plans for more details.
Additional Medicare Supplement Insurance Companies
Read our comprehensive review of Cigna Medicare Insurance
Related Medicare Supplement Resources
Readers of this Medicare Supplement guide content also read these related articles.
Best Medicare Advantage Plans
We evaluated 15 well-known medicare advantage plans, and after careful review identified the 6 best medicare advantage companies in 2020.
How are Medicare Supplement Plan Premiums Calculated?
Medicare supplement plans have separate premiums from Medicare. Read about how Medicare supplement plan premiums are calculated.
Do All Doctors Accept Medicare Supplement (Medigap) Plans?
One concern that comes up when thinking about Medicare supplement plans is whether you'll be able to use your current doctor with your plan. Read about whether all doctors accept Medicare supplement plans.
More Related Articles
Frequently Asked Questions about Medicare Supplement Plans
When should I buy Medicare Supplement Insurance?
Put this on your calendar – the Medigap open enrollment period. That's a six-month window which kicks off the first month you're 65 and enrolled in Medicare Part B. If you sign up for Medicare supplemental insurance during this period, you can join any plan (even if you have a pre-existing condition).
You can still buy Medicare supplemental insurance after this window but you will pay a price – literally. After this enrollment period, insurers may increase premiums or deny coverage.
Do I have to purchase Medicare supplement insurance?
No. but can you afford not to? 9 out of 10 people have a type of supplemental coverage, according to the AARP.
If you forgo supplemental insurance, then you're responsible for out-of-pocket health insurance costs – that can quickly cost thousands of dollars. If you're on a fixed income, this may quickly eat into your retirement savings. Unless you can guarantee that you won't have more than a sniffle for the rest of your life, coverage is probably a good financial move.
What if I'm 65 or older and still using my employer coverage?
If you are one of millions of Americans working after 65, your employer health insurance coverage may be all you need for now. Medicare supplement open enrollment generally won't begin for you until you enroll in Medicare Part B. If you haven't enrolled in Part B yet, you should consider waiting to enroll until you are ready for your Medicare supplement open enrollment to begin.
If you aren't sure if you are eligible for coverage, start by finding out if you are eligible for Medicare.
How much does Medicare supplemental insurance cost?
We found policies that ranged in price from less than $100/month for basic coverage to thousands for maximum protection. There's no "normal" number, as there are so many factors in play like where you live, your age and needs. A ballpark figure is a couple hundred dollars a month for standard coverage. However, it's basic economics – the more supplemental insurance you want, the greater the cost.
Can I get a discount?
Yes. Some plans offer discounts if you're married (studies show that married couples tend to be healthier – as they encourage each other to eat nutritious meals, exercise, and see a doctor). You can also possibly cut your rate if you're a non-smoker, as you'll likely have fewer health risks. Or you may be able to save by paying annually or via electronic funds transfer. Even if the website or brochure you're studying doesn't mention anything about discounts – ask.
For more information, find out how premiums are calculated.
Are all 11 Medicare supplemental insurance plans the same in every state?
While there are 11 different plans in most of the U.S., federal law mandates that each plan carry the same coverage. For example, Plan K in New York offers identical benefits to Plan K in New Mexico.
Where else can I turn for more information?
Call your State Health Insurance Assistance Program. Enter your state, and the contact phone number and website of the local office will appear.
Another website site to check out: The U.S. government-run Medicare site. In addition to being the final resource on Medicare and Medigap insurance, the site has a ZIP-based search to find a Medigap policy in your area.
Bottom line:
Medicare supplement insurance coverage is one of the most important health and financial decisions you make for retirement.
If you decide to buy Medicare supplemental insurance, talk with a representative and walk through every cost – and get a list of the cost and benefits in writing. Good companies will offer you this price transparency, and this way you're not surprised by a large bill or with coverage you don't need.
Buying a policy can be complicated, so get help and find a helpful policy provider. There are many coverage choices available, and the right plan may help you significantly reduce unwanted medical costs. Before you sign up, it's a good idea to have a friend or family member review your policy. If that's not an option, we found the following companies were the best and therefore should be a good choice.
The Best Medicare Supplement Plans
|Expert Review
|Great Coverage
|United Medicare Advisors
|Great Perks
|Great Network
|Great Advice
|Mutual of Omaha
|Great Online Marketplace
|Most Widely-Used Insurer
|Great Online Portal
|Great Service
|AARP by UnitedHealthcare


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Stick To The Motherfucking Science, Holmes!
October 23, 2009
ScienceBlogs has enlisted a new blogger who is an accomplished and well-respected evolutionary biologist, David Sloan Wilson. Unfortunately, however, the dude can't seem to resist the urge to engage in blithering wackaloon fuckwittitude concerning the relative epistemic status of religion and science.
In one post, he writes the following:
Science can even be regarded as a religion that worships truth as its god. It might seem provocative to put it this way, but I find the comparison compelling and challenge my readers to show what's wrong with it.
As was pointed out very clearly and in detail by a number of commenters to that post, this analogy is pathetically stupid (and mind-numbingly boring). Science doesn't "worship" anyfuckingthing in the sense of "worship" that applies to religion. Yeah, this analogy might be "provocative", but only because grotesque conflation and word-twisting tends to piss people off.
Science is nothing more than organized systematic doubt; religion is based exactly on the rejection of doubt.
In another post, he argues that science and religion are each "meaning systems", as if that provides a useful common framework for understanding both science and religion:
Once we focus on meaning systems as the main object of study, then we can study the elements associated with religion and science in the context of meaning systems.
Of course, the difference between religion and science as symbolic meaning systems is that every single bit of evidence that has been amassed over the millenia of human experience indicates that the referents of religious symbols don't exist, while every single bit of evidence that has been amassed over the millenia of human experience indicates that the referents of scientific symbols do exist. Seems like an important difference to me. I wonder why he doesn't point this out?
Dude, do yourself and all of us a favor, and stick to the motherfucking science. Lay off the smarmy inane gibbering, bogus analogies, and whiny apologetics.
20 Responses to "Stick To The Motherfucking Science, Holmes!"
October 23, 2009 at 7:10 pm
Another SB manufacturversy. Pass.
October 23, 2009 at 10:17 pm
But the science doesn't draw page views like controversy does. It's all about the page views, baby.
October 23, 2009 at 11:47 pm
Amen to that, PP!
October 24, 2009 at 5:26 am
In a half-way rational world, Wilson would have completely ruined his scientific reputation for promulgating this pathetic bullshit. Scientists are supposed to care deeply about the truth.
There will always be idiots like Wilson. What matters is the institutional response to this sort of idiocy. Rather than being laughed off the stage, scientific institutions are giving him the spotlight. Moral: to advance in the sciences, make vague, unfalsifiable statements that irritate an unpopular minority, flatter the masses and prop up the ruling class.
When did the scientific establishment turn into the Republican party?
October 24, 2009 at 7:44 am
—"Scientific institutions are not giving him the spotlight."—
Ok, maybe not him. But how about the current director of the NIH?
There is a disturbing trend here, one that feels the need to entertain wackaloon mutherfucking bullshit under the guise of intelligent discourse.
October 24, 2009 at 8:04 am
um…PP, i think a festering boil on your ass is pretty close to science, at least my kind.
October 24, 2009 at 8:25 am
you, pp, isn't there some sort of saying like, "shut up and get your own motherfucking blog?"
October 24, 2009 at 10:21 am
I read this bullshit and all I could do was roll my eyes. I am generally unimpressed by the offerings of SB.
October 24, 2009 at 10:53 am
Peeking in from Twisty's blog. Nice room, PP.
This entry? A bit weak since science deal in facts while the concept of 'truth' has many overlays of belief stuck to it. The origin of the word is rooted in religion (fidelity to a concept) and later associated with one's opinions being in accord with facts.
Truth for some is not equivalent to facts for others.
October 24, 2009 at 10:58 am
Another SB manufacturversy. Pass.
I think DSW specialises in manufacturversy. He's been keeping the group selection one going since the mid 70s.
October 24, 2009 at 11:56 am
DSW seems to be bringing his own particular bizarre brand of postmodernism to ScienceBlogs.
October 24, 2009 at 3:58 pm
Thank you for writing this, PP. I hate this guy's work and was appalled to see he has a blog. He has been light on science for a long time now. And incidentally, I've been in two academic biology departments that have fawned all over him because of his ideas in science education. Evolution for everyone? More like sociobiology for everyone.
October 25, 2009 at 2:20 pm
CPP beat his ass with your empty bottle of Jameson.
October 27, 2009 at 6:47 am
Dude, do yourself and all of us a favor, and stick to the motherfucking science.
Yes, because we all know that everyone on SB "sticks to the motherfucking science". What a crock of shit.
Another case of "Do what I say, not what I do."
October 28, 2009 at 5:26 pm
I liked it.
Science is nothing more than organized systematic doubt; religion is based exactly on the rejection of doubt.
Huh? Who says? I don't reject doubt.
If you're allowed to pronounce on what religion is and what religious people think, why can't this guy?
has been amassed over the millenia of human experience indicates that the referents of religious symbols don't exist
I have three religious symbols tattooed on me. The symbols exist and I exist. Obviously, these symbols have meaning in how these concepts manifest in my life, and how they have historically manifested. If someone else sees the symbols, they will 'read' the symbols, like words. ("In the beginning was the Word") Are words real? Are thoughts real? Do thoughts (requiring faith in a system of reality to have coherence) have no connection to actions? If not, why bother to try to convince anyone to do the right thing?
Of course, symbols are real–Stop signs and green lights are real. One does not have to believe in a religion or anything else, to understand that the symbols have real meanings and consequences in this world for REAL PEOPLE.
October 29, 2009 at 1:27 pm
religious symbols refer only to the fact that a bunch of crazy people like them?
Crazy? Ableist much?
I see you aren't very progressive.
not to the actual beliefs of those crazy people? not to the house of cards belief systems? just another accidental group identifier like tweed jackets with elbow patches?
Speak English.
So, you think several billion people throughout the world are "crazy"? Quite arrogant, as well as ableist.
Um, just wondering: do you have any problem with setting yourself up as superior and smarter than the vast majority of people in the world?
Again, I see you are not very progressive, but then, I've noticed most of these "new atheists" (who follow proudly-elitist snobs like Hitchens and Dawkins), usually are not.
Too bad, we can use all the help we can get.
November 4, 2009 at 1:09 pm
Um, just wondering: do you have any problem with setting yourself up as superior and smarter than the vast majority of people in the world?
Speaking only for myself, I know for a fact that I am smarter than the vast majority of people in the world. (I don't know how to meaningfully judge "superiority.") I also think their religious beliefs (whatever such may be) are extremely likely to be false. If it's "ableist" to call them "crazy" then I'll just go with "irrational."

subset: commoncrawl


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Posts Tagged 'philosophy'
Leaving Treadmarkz in the Astral Plane
by Treadmarkz,
Greetings! Alright folks, I appreciate your support, and the comments I've received from you on the issue's I've raised thus far. And I will continue to write on this blog, hopefully venturing into new uncharted waters on topics relating to disabilities.
But this blog is unable to contain another topic which I really want to write about. So I want to let you know I have expanded to another blog, rollingwithVishnu.wordpress.com in which I will wax philosophical. Its a bit deeper, more esoteric, WAY less sarcastic, but hopefully just as meaningful.
I understand that to many of my readers, it will not be for you, and I respect that. If so, I hope you will continue to follow and contribute to treadmarkz.wordpress.com and appreciate it for what it is.. Thanks, and take care of yourselves.


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|Sighting Report
|Occurred : 9/27/2011 20:00 (Entered as : 09/27/11 20:00)
Reported: 11/29/2011 2:15:10 PM 14:15
Posted: 12/12/2011
Location: Little Rock, AR
Shape: Sphere
Duration:1 minute
|two huge amber, orange orbs flew over my house.
Ever night at 8:00 I go out in my back to take my dog out.. I am a stargazier, so I looked up, as I do every night. I saw to the southwest of me, two huge glowing amber, orange orbs. The orbs were very low, not much higher than trees. I was so shocked. The orbs were the same size, the same width apart. They were flying together like the were on the back of a craft. I could not see a craft. The orbs went behind a tree and I ran to the end of my yard, and watched the orbs gain speed and height, until they were out if sight. This sighting could not be mistaken for any manmade craft that we have. Their was no sound at all. The orbs did not shine any light on the trees. One other weird thing. Every dog in the neighborhood was going crazy. My dog was running around in circles, completely out of control. Later that night I found out that other people reported seeing the orbs also. Their were several planes and hhelocopers. Chasing after the orbs.


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Recycled Collection – Bio-Vine
Pladec present its "Ecological Panels" colection of Architectural Wall Panels products as a alternative to traditional flat Wall Panels.
For now we offer the "Coffee Panels", the "Pladec Ecological Panels" and the "Bio-Vine Collection" we are developing more Ecological products
Pladec's Wall Panels are elegant expression of esthetic form providing a continuation from your project. Our panels contain elements such waves, ornamental textures, modular repeating patterns and continuous patterns.


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Keeping your workers healthy, comfortable, and on task starts with providing a clean and germ-free workplace environment. Luckily, the cleaning services we offer at JAN-PRO® of Columbus make keeping your office spotless easier than ever. We use customized cleaning solutions and high-quality cleaning products for guaranteed exceptional results each cleaning.
At JAN-PRO of Columbus, we know offices inside and out. As a JAN-PRO Signature Clean® company, our office cleaning services are delivered using cleaning processes specifically developed for offices. Our owner/operators have been certified in these processes through the most rigorous training program in the cleaning industry. With this training behind us, we ensure we always have what it takes to provide high-quality and consistent cleaning services to offices in the Columbus, OH area.
Just a few of the reasons so many businesses in Dublin, Worthington, Columbus, Gahanna, Westerville, and throughout central Ohio rely on our office cleaning services include:
To learn more about our office cleaning services and to partner with central Ohio's office cleaning experts, call JAN-PRO of Columbus today at (614) 501-3850 for a no-cost cleaning estimate.
"JAN-PRO has been such a pleasure to work with as their professionalism, quick response time and attention to detail while cleaning has proved them to be an asset for us in the property management industry."
-Adam Bieck, Bieck Management Inc.
"Our company has been with JAN-PRO for quite some time now. We are totally satisfied with the service we receive and would highly recommend them. Thanks for doing such a great job."
-Connie Davenport, East Coast Equipment
"We never have a problem when requesting for something extra to be done. JAN-PRO is Awesome."
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Pam Watts, Creative Bridges
"We have used JAN-PRO for disinfecting our childcare facility 2 times per month since April 2014. JAN-PRO has been prompt and consistent with each application. We have noticed a marked decrease in contagious diseases, colds, and ear infections. We are more than pleased with JAN-PRO's services." -Jan Edmonds, Country Sunshine Children's Center
"We use EnviroShield throughout the center, but especially in areas where we have carpets and rugs. It will wrap around to clean and disinfect everything, ensuring the safety and health of our children. This is one of the few companies that have helped us be successful."
-David Hindman, Kids Zone Day Care and Learning Center


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In 2018, Regional Arts Victoria celebrated its eighth and final year of the annual Home is Where the Hall is project, designed to shine a light on our regional community halls. You can still find details of halls and events that took place during that time frame here. Regional Arts Victoria would like to sincerely thank everyone who participated … Continue reading An historic look at Home is Where the Hall is events
WINTERSONG Auditions
EVENT DATES: Saturday 24 November 2018 A NEW MUSICAL EMERGES IN KYNETON DO YOU WANT TO BE A PART OF THIS WONDERFUL KYNETON PREMIERE? Kyneton Theatre Company is presenting "Wintersong" a new Australian musical, written by local librettist Kathleen McLennan, in collaboration with Woodend composer Scott Cameron. Auditions are being held on Saturday 24th November … Continue reading WINTERSONG Auditions
Footloose @ Lake Tyers Beach
EVENT DATES: Sunday 18 November 2018 A Lake Tyers Beach Community Free-For-All Fun Beginners Ballroom Dance Class What: Learn the Rock n Roll and Cha Cha in one easy. EVENT DETAILS Date: Sunday 18 November 2018 Venue: Lake Tyers Beach Hall Address: 1 Mill Point Road, Toorloo Arm Time: 11am - 12.30pm Entry: Free Bookings: Not … Continue reading Footloose @ Lake Tyers Beach
The New Savages
EVENT DATES: Friday 16 November 2018 The New Savages play their own kind of blues. It's a familiar but original sound, somewhere between Jim Morrison playing in an electrified delta blues duo, with a dash of Johnny Cash. They call their music Melbourne Hill Country Blues - their distinct take on the droning, rhythmic and … Continue reading The New Savages
MTGinc Board Games Night
EVENT DATES: Tuesday Nights in November We are a group of local people with a passion for hobbies. We meet every Tuesday for a casual board game night, attended regularly by at 5 regular members, with up to 20 members and guests. We play all sorts of games, with a big emphasis on broadening the … Continue reading MTGinc Board Games Night
Studio/Gallery Event
EVENT DATES: 24 & 25 November 2018 Gallery event for Paul Gennings, Malcolm Boyd and Wendy Reeve. EVENT DETAILS Date: Saturday 24 & Sunday 25 November 2018 Venue: Fernbank Community Hall Address: 459 Fernbank-Glenaladale Rd, Fernbank Time: 10am - 4pm Entry: Free ABOUT THE HALL Fernbanks community hall has a 100 year history of dances and … Continue reading Studio/Gallery Event
EVENT DATES: 2 November 2018 Parvyn Singh is both, and excludes a seemingly effortless grace and purity in her movement and voice. A celebration of Indian culture both traditional and contemporary. This show offers traditional Indian music featuring tabla, sitar and vocals as well as beautiful classical Indian dance contrasted by vibrant, energetic Bollywood dance … Continue reading Bollywood
Kinder Ballet
EVENT DATES: 1 November 2018 Children and their families will have the opportunity to engage in a dance workshop provided in partnership with Mallee Family Care, Manangatang and District Preschool & DanceForce Swan Hill. All children to be accompanied by a parent or guardian. Free morning tea provided. EVENT DETAILS Date: Thursday 1 November 2018 … Continue reading Kinder Ballet
Old Style Dance
EVENT DATES: 10 November 2018 This is a regular old style dance held on the 2nd Saturday each month. It features alive 3 piece band and there are raffles, prizes and novelties. Patrons are asked to brig a plate of supper to share, Tea And Coffee are supplied. EVENT DETAILS Date: Saturday 10 November 2018 … Continue reading Old Style Dance
Ultima District Uncovered – a photographic essay by Mick Cullin
EVENT DATES: 17 - 18 November 2018 The exhibition will be opened by Mayor Les McPhee at 11am, Saturday 17 November. Ultima has hosted an artist in residence over the last few months, and the resulting exhibition will celebrate the people and places of the Ultima township. This project and exhibition were generously supported through … Continue reading Ultima District Uncovered – a photographic essay by Mick Cullin


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The Best Drop-In Work Spaces Around the Country
Because sometimes Starbucks just won't cut it.
Sometimes, whether you're traveling home to surprise a parent on their birthday or crazy winter weather leaves you stranded, work still needs to be done. And crouching over a phone in a super-packed Starbucks isn't the best way to do it. Fortunately, there are other options, if you know where to find them. From L.A/'s dreamiest flex office to Chicago's perfectly located co-working space, here are the most reliable spots in major cities to get some impromptu work done. In addition to offering perks like unlimited coffee, cozy reading nooks, and ideal desk setups, all of these flex offices are close to local destinations that you can sneak off to once you've clocked out.
(Just be sure to give each location a call first before heading in. You've already been stranded once!)
Makeshift Society, San Francisco
One glance through the pillow-stuffed bay windows of this Hayes Valley studio and it's clear: this isn't your typical Silicon Valley workspace. Makeshift Society carves a cool niche in the tech-heavy San Francisco scene by providing a multidisciplinary space with a creative bent. Its kitschy interior, mismatched décor, and varied seating mimics a cozy campus coffee shop, and members work on everything from letterpress and party planning to ceramics and publishing platforms.
If you're looking for a spot to host rotating investor meetings, then you may want to look further—but if you hope to finish a design project in a safe haven away from the city's Series A–hunting techies, consider yourself set. If you're still not feeling inspired, take a walk around the 'hood; Ritual Coffee Roasters, a local favorite, is just three blocks away. (Day pass, $30)
Forum Executive Coworking, Chicago
The flexspace competition is fierce around the Loop, but the super-trendy Fulton Market District is where you actually want to be working (and playing). The industrial neighborhood is so hip that you can pack a full day of vacation exploration into your coffee breaks alone. Stop by Little Goat Bread for a goat milk latte or grab a drink with clients at Au Cheval—all the nearby options will make your friends and Instagram followers jealous.
Forum doesn't have the exposed brick and tightly designed bells and whistles of trendier workspaces, but it does offer massage chairs and, oddly enough, Segways, which is as close as you'll get to an adult form of mid-day recess. The space is flexible to its core: available on a first-come, first-served basis, but also offering pay-by-the-hour options. So if you're too full from lunch at Publican Quality Meats to go back to work, you can play hooky without feeling guilty—or stretching your budget. (Semi-private spaces, $20 per day or $8 per hour)
Makeshift Society, Brooklyn
Things are a bit more robust in the bicoastal space's Brooklyn locale, where the sunken, light-drenched ground floor is great for creative inspiration as well as exploring the real Williamsburg—fried chicken at the Commodore, shopping at Bird—beyond the circus of Bedford Avenue. Like the San Francisco office, Makeshift's two-floor East Coast outpost also plays host to a diverse group of creatives across publishing, design, and the arts. (Imagine a library for hipsters, but with available tables.) Just be careful to not fan out too hard—according to the website, this is where DesignSponge's founder and editor-in-chief Grace Bonney spends her days. (Daily rate, $30)
Oficio, Boston
Given how harsh Boston weather has become, if you're traveling anywhere near Beantown in the winter months, it pays to have a back-up plan—and Oficio is just that. The cozy yet professional workspace offers a mix of private offices, conference rooms, and open workspace perfect for people who want to get work done in a friendly atmosphere without the stuffiness of corporate life. (And, dare we say, the screaming children and mediocre snacks of an airport lounge.) Try to get there early to snag a window seat, where you can watch the hustle and bustle of famed Newbury Street from Oficio's airy third-floor office. If you're extra early-to-rise, don't miss nearby Flour Bakery + Cafe's sticky buns, which are beloved by locals. Do yourself a favor and ask them to heat it up—you are, after all, still on vacation! (Daily rate, $30)
The Unique Space, Los Angeles
When it comes to the Unique Space, the name fits. In what's easily the most Instagrammable co-working space in the country—think elementary school desks and wooden tables along with bold wallpaper and thoughtfully placed objects—the laid-back vibe happens to come with some of the hardest working creatives (http://theuniquespace.com/tenant-directory/) on the West Coast.
Located in Los Angeles' up-and-coming Arts District, the Unique Space is basically the co-working equivalent to the nearby beloved Ace Hotel LA: everything here looks great and exudes cool, but you don't have to keep ordering lattes in order to stay. The Unique Space is so inviting, in fact, that you'll probably never want to go home, which is probably why there's currently a waitlist for the space's private offices. One full day at the coolest place to work in Los Angeles, though, is better than nothing. Insider tip: after you sign off for the day, head straight to the Ace Hotel's rooftop to watch the sunset. (Daily rate, $35)
Propeller, New Orleans
There's nothing worse than partying and pushing e-mails off for Monday morning, only to find out you can't get home due to inclement weather. If you're trapped in New Orleans, however, you're in luck. Propeller is the ideal work environment for you to power through to-do lists like you're back at the office.
Founded with a deep vision for the future, Propeller's main purpose is to launch social innovation ventures. But for the casual dropper-by, it offers the cheapest day-to-day option in town at just $10. That means you'll have enough money left over to grab a sandwich from Cochon Butcher before that rescheduled flight home. (Daily rate, $10)
LA Mother, Los Angeles
Coffee shops can be a great place to work, but in Los Angeles, you'll need an escape from the world of budding screenwriters crouched over their laptops. This brand-new co-working space, which opened in mid-July, is a female-driven collaborative office with more amenities, classes, and experiences than a prospective member could imagine. For the quickie visitor, LA Mother offers a day rate that lets the out-of-towner take part in their body-positive fitness classes and access to their wellness program. (The space is female-focused, but it's actually co-ed.) Get to know the members and gather them for a post-work drink at L.A.'s coolest speakeasy, Good Times at Davey Wayne's, which is just around the corner. Yes, you enter through a refrigerator. Yes, it looks like your dad's house. And yes, you should grab a spot on the patio before the crowd settles in. (Daily rate, $25)


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Maps help us understand our physical world.
They can locate and describe places, provide a sense of direction, or represent boundaries between nations or neighbors.
This map, printed in the Netherlands, has an unusual orientation with western areas at the top of the map and the northern frontier to the side.
The Shape of Maine
This Exhibit Contains 46 Items
View options: slideshow view | list view | Copy all items to My Album
Item 7490
Maps help us understand our physical world.
Item 11784
People use maps to imagine, visualize and describe spatial relationships.
This 1829 Moses Greenleaf map shows the progress of the state's settlement since 1778, the representative districts since 1820, and the population and valuation of taxable property in each district in 1820.
Item 11777
Maps can be unique, one-of-a-kind hand-drawn manuscripts. Or they can be printed and produced in many copies.
This chromolithograph was the August R. Ohman Map Company's Map of Maine for the Maine State Year Book in 1905.
Item 11778
Whatever their style or format, all maps show boundaries of one type or another, from private property to national territory.
This chart shows the coastal boundaries of the state from Pemaquid Point to White Head.
It was created by G. F. Talbot in 1890.
Item 6883
Determining when, why, and how maps were made and used can stimulate our understanding of history and provide new perspectives about our world.
This is a copy of a map originally drawn on birch bark by Indian Chief Francis Joseph Neptune to assist with the survey of the Northeast boundary during the 1790s.
It shows lakes, trails, and carrying places between the Penobscot and St. John rivers.
Item 11945
When Europeans encountered the New World, they found lands that were quite unlike any they had known before.
This woodcut appeared in Giovanni Battista Ramusio's 1565 book "Delle Navigationi et Viaggi."
It described the newly discovered area of New England, and included references to the mythical land of Norumbega, as well as Naraganset (sic) Bay (Port de Refugio).
Item 6036
As they explored the northern coastline, Europeans discovered a wild and rugged territory, rich in natural resources, and populated by native peoples who had their own way of using and understanding the land.
In the 1800s quadrants like this were used as navigational equipment and to take astronomical measurements for surveying and map making.
Item 6640
The early explorers used maps to organize and understand these lands, and to divide them among the various groups of explorers, often ignoring the patterns of habitation established by native peoples.
Gunter's quadrant design is drawn on the face in colored inks and on the reverse is the declination diagram for mean years. "B.W./AD 1770/calculated [for] the Meridian/o[f] Boston/July [11th?] 1770."
Item 7492
Western European governments regulated colonial activities, awarding patents and charters to companies controlled by aristocrats, gentry, and merchants -- and expecting a share of future profits.
This map appeared in many different versions and shows the Dutch perspectives of colonial development in North America.
The colony of New Netherland extends north to the St. Lawrence, and New England is compressed into a small region.
Item 11854
The companies that received large tracts of land from their governments granted substantial portions to individuals, who explored, settled, and developed the land.
This map by Moses Greenleaf, printed in 1829, illustrates the various patents and charters that made up the region of Maine.
Item 7348
Land ownership always required the transfer of property from Native Americans to the colonists.
This deed documents George Munjoy's purchase of land near the Ammoncongin River (located on the Presumpscot River in Westbrook) from two Indians for three animal skins.
Indians and Europeans had extremely different understandings of the concept of land ownership. The exchange of land was sometimes equitable, but often forced.
Item 11977
Many parcels of the Kennebec claim were based on deeds with Native Americans. This map includes a small drawing of two native people saying, "God hath planted us here. God granted the land to us."
It suggests the bias of those who believed they had priority interest in the land because they held deeds from Native Americans, as opposed to others who were only granted land through charters.
Item 11976
Patents granted by various European rulers frequently overlapped. Squatters and unregulated settlers established their own claims on lands granted to the large companies and property holders.
This map locates the boundaries of different parcels of land and lists the sequence of ownership with dates of patents and agreements with Indians.
In dispute here was who owned the area around the Kennebec River, Kennebec Proprietors or the town of Brunswick. The dispute lasted until 1814.
Item 11775
Conflict over land and boundaries was pervasive in colonial America and led to legal and physical battles, and sometimes bloodshed.
This deed grants to Robert Trelawny land in the area of Scarborough. It was signed by Ferdinando Gorges and his brother Edmund.
Item 7533
In 1651, in an aggressive taking of land, Massachusetts Bay Colony reinterpreted its original charter and annexed all settlements north of the Piscataqua River as far as Casco Bay.
With the actions of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Maine became a district of the colony.
James Phinney Baxter published this map in 1884 showing various grants given for land around Cape Elizabeth, just south of Portland. The area granted by Sir Ferdinando Gorges to Robert Trelawny is at the very top of the Cape Elizabeth peninsula.
Item 11975
In the 17th century, when the English began to colonize New England in earnest, they laid out the boundaries of territorial grants in the landscape.
Landowners, tenants, and local officials used survey maps to describe lot sizes and determine taxes or rents.
This is a survey of Parker's Island in the Kennebec River near Topsham.
It includes a drawing of a surveyor wearing an 18th-century coat and three-corner hat, and the surveyor's compass.
Item 4323
Colonists blazed trees with symbols, dug ditches, and built stone walls.
This map describes the boundaries of the town of Brunswick (named Scituate on the map) and includes sketches of buildings, roads, and carrying places.
Item 5335
As the patchwork of property grew more complicated and territorial disputes proliferated in the late 1600s, the English began to survey and map property boundaries.
James Jeffry included descriptions in his work to locate boundaries between Brunswick and Topsham. During the survey, he marked trees with the letter B to indicate a feature in Brunswick and T for features in Topsham.
Item 11989
Anyone with the requisite mathematical and writing skills could survey property boundaries.
This plan of Thomas Robinson's urban lot in Portland shows the various structures that were part of his estate, including a dwelling house, wharf, warehouse, distillery, and cooper's shop.
Ann Street later became Park Street.
Item 11772
The compass was a critical tool used by surveyors to define angles between points on land.
This compass belonged to Levi Bradley of Levant who was Land Agent of Maine from 1842-1847.
Item 11773
Surveyors measured the lengths of boundary lines in rods (16 feet) or chains (4 rods or 66 feet) and determined directions with compasses.
This chain is 33 feet long, or two rods in length. It is also called a half-Gunther chain. Edmund Gunther, an English astronomer, developed the Gunther's chain and associated tables for surveying.
A lot of land one chain by ten chains equaled an acre.
Item 11779
These surveying techniques, and the non-professional status of the surveyors, persisted well into the 19th century.
In the 19th century, property surveys became more elaborate and provided greater detail regarding land use and development. Increasingly, the town surveyor played a vital role in growing communities.
This map shows the buildings and land around Deering Oaks.
Item 11827
The 1783 Treaty of Paris that ended the Revolutionary War also defined the boundaries between the United States and British Canada.
During peace negotiations, diplomats from both countries used John Mitchell's map. It provided a graphic representation of British and French interests in North America.
The map did not show precisely the region along the border and it would take 60 more years to resolve boundary questions.
Item 9166
Negotiators using the Mitchell map did make two significant decisions -- they extended Maine's boundary eastward all the way to the St. Croix River and described the northern boundary running along a single range of hills that divided the land between the Atlantic Ocean and St. Lawrence River.
This map by Osgood Carleton, drawn in 1795, promoted the separation of Maine from Massachusetts and placed Maine's borders along the Magaguadavic River to the east and a non-existent range of hills to the north.
Item 11826
After the Revolution, maps began showing Maine as a politically distinct entity, even before it separated from Massachusetts in 1820.
This is the first of what would be many maps and other publications by Moses Greenleaf Jr. that served to promote settlement of the eastern and northern lands of Maine.
Item 11823
The boundary line described in the 1793 Treaty of Paris did not match the geography of the area and created many questions.
This map, created in 1613 by Samuel de Champlain, was copied about 1798-99 for the proceedings of the commissioners of the 4th article of the Treaty of Ghent to decide the boundary line between Maine and New Brunswick.
Item 11786
Questions included which of the three rivers emptying into Passamaquoddy Bay was actually the St. Croix.
The British said it was a branch of the Schoodiac and the Americans said the Magaguadavic, running more to the east.
Handwritten note in ink at top of map, "Mitchell's map--The dotted line shows the admitted division between England and France in 1755, and what was in 1783 the admitted line between Mass and Nova Scotia; also the recognised St. Croix, and, further, the line traced by the Commissioners on both sides, as the true line."
Item 8561
The British surveyor Joseph Bouchette drew this map with a series of lines to illustrate different interpretations of the boundary line in Passamaquoddy Bay.
Intense discussions resolved the location, and Grand Manan and Campobello Island became part of New Brunswick.
Item 11825
This Liverpool pitcher was given to John Thorlo who captained the packet Portland and carried Boundary diplomats between St. Andrews and Portland.
The pitcher was created in England at the Herculaneum Pottery. The pictures are Masonic transfer prints, handpainted.
The words below the ship are, "Succes to the Portland Packet, Capt. John Thorlo."
Item 11828
This map shows the work of British surveyors who explored the eastern boundary line that ran due north from the source of the St. Croix to Spruce tree -- 99 miles away.
The map includes notes regarding landscape features and camp locations.
Item 9359
When this map was published in 1795, Maine was a district of Massachusetts.
The shape of Maine was not defined and the boundary between British Canada and the United States was still uncertain.
Among the disputes was the location of the "height of land" between Maine and Quebec. The British thought it was farther south; Americans said farther north.
In 1814, surveyors and diplomats realized there was no one ridgeline and went to international arbitration to attempt to settle the dispute.
Item 11781
While diplomatic efforts to resolve the United States-British boundary stalled, settlers on the ground took matters into their own hands.
Painting by George H. Bailey of the Portland Light Infantry Muster, ca. 1803
Item 9598
In 1827, fueled by patriotic fervor, or a desire to avoid British taxes, John Baker of Madawaska claimed the area around the St. John River for the State of Maine.
His neighbors disagreed and the British jailed him briefly for conspiracy.
In February 1839, troops began to occupy positions along the Maine-New Brunswick border. After a series of heated diplomatic exchanges, the two sides achieved a temporary settlement in March 1839.
Troops continued to occupy the area, though, and build roads, blockhouses, and other defensive structures.
Item 11771
This Calais Frontier Guard banner was made by Charles Codman in 1839 and accompanied the Guard to the border dispute with Canada that was called the Aroostook War.
The banner is oil and gold leaf on silk and shows George Washington and his generals, flanked by four flags. On the reverse is the Maine State Seal.
Item 11787
This cap, worn by Izial Rendell of Saco, is typical of the types of caps worn by Maine's militia soldiers, including those who stood ready to defend the northern border of Maine in the so-called Aroostook War.
Item 9599
In 1840 and 1841, four different surveying teams traveled along the border region, making notes about the landscape, watershed, and mountain ranges.
This is one of the watercolor series that documents their observations.
The images were drawn using a camera lucida, an optical device that allowed the artist to make an accurate tracing of landscape features.
Item 9602
The Talcott survey, headed by Capt. Andrew Talcott, was sent out to map the northern boundary of Maine after hostilities broke out in 1839 between settlers in the Madawaska region around the St. John River.
Katahdin, bearing about south 30 degrees East and Sohuduahunk, bearing about South 20 degrees East-as seen from the Eastern shore of Lake Chamberlain.
Item 9600
Co-cum-go-muc-sis Lake bearing from S. 15 degrees E to South 30 degrees E.- and in the distance Katahdin bearing about S 35 degrees E.-and Spencer Mount S. 5 Degrees W.- the small Lake on right is on the stream connecting Horn Pond with Cocumgomucsis Lake.
Item 9601
Co-cum-go-muc Mountains- Bearing from about N 10 degrees W. to North as seen from the Southern end of Co-cum-go-muc-sis Lake, near its outlet into Coo-cum-go-muc Lake (Penobscot waters)
Item 9597
View from Station 212, Talcott survey, 1841.
The Talcott survey, headed by Capt. Andrew Talcott, produced this series of watercolors to document its findings.
Item 6642
The Aroostook War -- a war that was never fought -- brought the two sides in the northern border dispute back to the table to try to define the boundary.
"Fort Kent December 1842" is the title of this cartoon that shows the blockhouse at Fort Kent, and the field, forest and riders nearby.
Fort Kent was the last wooden blockhouse built in Maine. It was erected to protect against the Canadians/British during the Aroostook War.
Item 6643
This is the other half of the preceding cartoon - showing Daniel Webster and Lord Ashburton shaking hands after the Webster-Ashburton agreement on the Northeast boundary lines of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York.
Secretary of State Daniel Webster and British diplomat Lord Ashburton were the chief negotiators. They reached a compromise in 1842.
Many people in Maine were disappointed with Webster, thinking he had compromised the interest of Maine and the nation.
Item 11990
This map shows the different lines originally claimed by the United States and Britain and the final location of the border.
Major James Graham, who led the American survey team in 1840, gave this map to Alexander Wadsworth Longfellow, brother of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
Item 11833
The United States and Canada formed a permanent international commission in 1925 to maintain their mutual boundary.
Each year crews survey and install boundary markers, can clear the 20-foot wide vista along the 5,525-mile boundary from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
This map serves as an index for the 16 different maps that officially document the border from the Atlantic to the source of the St. Croix.
Item 11834
The existence of the International Boundary Commission has not prevented disputes over Maine's borders.
In the 1970s, the U.S. and Canada went to court over fishing grounds.
Sheet No. 1 of 18 maps that relate to the Index Map. This map shows the two watercourses that are considered the source of the St. Croix River, Monument and Glendenning Brooks.
Item 11835
Map #14 shows the southerly end of the St. Croix River with the historic Dochet (now St. Croix) Island.
Disagreements over property ownership, the use of natural resources, rights of taxation, and regional identity are once again fueling debate and controversy.
The contentious process of determining the shape of Maine continues.


text: Autism is a reality for our ambassador, Chris Packham, as he visits Callendar Wood (18 July 2018) Autistic people and their families joined our ambassador, TV presenter and naturalist Chris Packham, to learn about Scotland's wildlife and participate in a fun-filled day at Callendar Wood in Falkirk. Chris, who received a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome when he was in his 40s, spoke to volunteers and staff about our work in Scotland, and the help and support we offer. He then donned our unique virtual reality headset and experienced how an everyday setting like a shopping centre can be overwhelming to an autistic person experiencing sensory overload. We use the cutting edge technology to increase public understanding of autism, after it was revealed that almost half (44 percent) of autistic people living in Scotland sometimes don't leave the house because they are worried about how others will react to them. His visit was part of a free BioBlitz event which gave autistic people and their families the opportunity to learn about all forms of wildlife from flies, fungi and moths, to mammals, and birds and butterflies. Fiona McGrevey, Branches and Volunteering Development Manager at the National Autistic Society Scotland, said: "Chris is a huge supporter of our work and I'm so pleased that he was able to try our virtual reality experience for the very first time. "It's a very immersive and impactful experience which I believe reinforces our commitment to finding innovative ways to raise public understanding of autism in Scotland." Chris Packham said: "I'm very pleased to be an ambassador for the National Autistic Society and to be able to help increase understanding of autism. "The National Autistic Society's virtual reality experience is truly superb and provides an excellent insight into the sensory overload that can occur in difficult environments." You can watch our 360 degree virtual reality film, and feel what it might be like to experience sensory overload by clicking here Watch the film


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On January 12th, the Centre for Indo Canadian Studies Presented three lectures from Marie Curie Scholars. The three Phd students: Ruby Rana, Melanie Wattenbarger and Holly Morgan from the University of Mumbai and Westfaelische Wilhelms Universitaet in Muenster respectively, are all a part of the Diasporic Constructions of Home and Belonging (CoHaB) program under the guidance of CICS Faculty Associate, Dr. Nilufer Bharucha.
Each of the scholars gave informative and lively lectures which were followed by some thought evoking dialogue and discussions. UFV faculty, staff and local community members were in attendance for the evening program.


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Norovirus infection Microchapters
Case Studies
Norovirus On the Web
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Norovirus
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Norovirus is the cause of norovirus infection. Noroviruses (genus Norovirus) are a group of related, single-stranded RNA, nonenveloped viruses that cause acute gastroenteritis in humans. Noroviruses belong to the family Caliciviridae.
Norovirus, sometimes known as the winter vomiting bug[1], is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans. It affects people of all ages.[2] The virus is transmitted by fecal–oral route contaminated food or water, by person-to-person contact,[3] and via aerosolization of the virus and subsequent contamination of surfaces.[4] The virus affects around 267 million people and causes over 200,000 deaths each year; these deaths are usually in less developed countries and in the very young, elderly and immunosuppressed.[5]
Norovirus infection is characterized by nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and in some cases, loss of taste. General lethargy, weakness, muscle aches, headache, and low-grade fever may occur. The disease is usually self-limiting, and severe illness is rare. Although having norovirus can be unpleasant, it is not usually dangerous and most who contract it make a full recovery within a couple of days.[1] Norovirus is rapidly inactivated by either sufficient heating or by chlorine-based disinfectants and polyquaternary amines, but the virus is less susceptible to alcohols and detergents.[6]
After infection, immunity to norovirus is usually incomplete and temporary,[7] with one publication drawing the conclusion that protective immunity to the same strain of norovirus lasts for six months, but that all such immunity is gone after two years.[8] Outbreaks of norovirus infection often occur in closed or semiclosed communities, such as long-term care facilities, overnight camps, hospitals, schools, prisons, dormitories, and cruise ships, where the infection spreads very rapidly either by person-to-person transmission or through contaminated food.[9] Many norovirus outbreaks have been traced to food that was handled by one infected person.[10]
The genus name Norovirus is derived from Norwalk virus, the only species of the genus. The species causes approximately 90% of epidemic nonbacterial outbreaks of gastroenteritis around the world,[11] and may be responsible for 50% of all foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States.[12][13]
Noroviruses are transmitted directly from person to person (62–84% of all reported outbreaks)[14] and indirectly via contaminated water and food. They are extremely contagious, and fewer than twenty virus particles can cause an infection[2] (some research suggests as few as five).[8] Transmission can be aerosolized when those stricken with the illness vomit, and can be aerosolized by a toilet flush when vomit or diarrhea is present; infection can follow eating food or breathing air near an episode of vomiting, even if cleaned up.[15] The viruses continue to be shed after symptoms have subsided and shedding can still be detected many weeks after infection.[16]
Vomiting, in particular, transmits infection effectively, and appears to allow airborne transmission. In one incident, a person who vomited spread infection right across a restaurant, suggesting that many unexplained cases of food poisoning may have their source in vomit.[17] 126 people were dining at six tables in December 1998; one woman vomited onto the floor. Staff quickly cleaned up, and people continued eating. Three days later others started falling ill; 52 people reported a range of symptoms, from fever and nausea to vomiting and diarrhea. The cause was not immediately identified. Researchers plotted the seating arrangement: more than 90% of the people at the same table as the sick woman later reported becoming ill. There was a direct correlation between the risk of infection of people at other tables and how close they were to the sick woman. More than 70% of the diners at an adjacent table fell ill; at a table on the other side of the restaurant, the attack rate was still 25%. The outbreak was attributed to a Norwalk-like virus (norovirus). Other cases of transmission by vomit were later identified.[18]
In one outbreak at an international scout jamboree in the Netherlands, each person with gastroenteritis infected an average of 14 people before increased hygiene measures were put in place. Even after these new measures were enacted, an ill person still infected an average of 2.1 other people.[19] A CDC study of 11 outbreaks in New York State lists the suspected mode of transmission as person-to-person in seven outbreaks, foodborne in two, waterborne in one, and one unknown. The source of waterborne outbreaks may include water from municipal supplies, wells, recreational lakes, swimming pools and ice machines.[20]
Shellfish and salad ingredients are the foods most often implicated in norovirus outbreaks. Ingestion of shellfish that have not been sufficiently heated poses a high risk for norovirus infection.[21] Foods other than shellfish may be contaminated by infected food handlers.[22]
Noroviruses (NoV) are a genetically diverse group of single-stranded RNA, non-enveloped viruses belonging to the Caliciviridae family.[23] According to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, the genus Norovirus has one species, which is called Norwalk virus.[24]
Noroviruses commonly isolated in cases of acute gastroenteritis belong to two genogroups: genogroup I (GI) includes Norwalk virus, Desert Shield virus and Southampton virus; and II (GII), which includes Bristol virus, Lordsdale virus, Toronto virus, Mexico virus, Hawaii virus and Snow Mountain virus.[23]
Noroviruses can genetically be classified into five different genogroups (GI, GII, GIII, GIV, and GV), which can be further divided into different genetic clusters or genotypes. For example, genogroup II, the most prevalent human genogroup, presently contains 19 genotypes. Genogroups I, II and IV infect humans, whereas genogroup III infects bovine species, and genogroup V has recently been isolated in mice.[25]
Most noroviruses that infect humans belong to genogroups GI and GII.[26] Noroviruses from Genogroup II, genotype 4 (abbreviated as GII.4) account for the majority of adult outbreaks of gastroenteritis and often sweep across the globe.[27] Recent examples include US95/96-US strain, associated with global outbreaks in the mid- to late-1990s; Farmington Hills virus associated with outbreaks in Europe and the United States in 2002 and in 2004; and Hunter virus which was associated with outbreaks in Europe, Japan and Australasia. In 2006, there was another large increase in NoV infection around the globe.[28] Reports have shown a link between the expression of human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) and the susceptibility to norovirus infection. Studies have suggested the viral capsid of noroviruses may have evolved from selective pressure of human HBGAs.[29]
A 2008 study suggests the protein MDA-5 may be the primary immune sensor that detects the presence of noroviruses in the body.[30] Some people have common variations of the MDA-5 gene that could make them more susceptible to norovirus infection.[31]
A 2010 study suggested a specific genetic version of norovirus (which would not be distinguishable from other types of the virus using standard viral antibody tests) interacts with a specific mutation in the ATG16L1 gene to help trigger symptomatic Crohn's disease in mice that have been subjected to a chemical that causes intestinal injury similar to the process in humans. (There are other similar ways for such diseases to happen like this, and this study in itself does not prove norovirus causes Crohn's in humans).
Viruses in Norovirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries. Capsid diameters vary widely, from 23-40 nm in diameter. The larger capsids (38-40 nm) exhibit T=3 symmetry and are composed of 180 VP1 proteins. Small capsids (23 nm) show T=1 symmetry, and are composed of 60 VP1 proteins.[32] The virus particles demonstrate an amorphous surface structure when visualized using electron microscopy.[33]
Noroviruses contain a linear, non-segmented,[32] positive-sense RNA genome of approximately 7.5kbp, encoding a major structural protein (VP1) of about 58~60 kDa and a minor capsid protein (VP2).[34]
The most variable region of the viral capsid is the P2 domain, which contains antigen-presenting sites and carbohydrate-receptor binding regions.[35][36][37][38]
The estimated mutation rate (1.21×10−2 to 1.41 ×10−2 substitutions per site per year) in this virus is high even compared with other RNA viruses.[39]
|Genomic Arrangement
|Genomic Segmentation
Life Cycle
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning, and RNA termination-reinitiation. Human and mammals serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are fecal-oral and contamination.[32]
|Host Details
|Tissue Tropism
|Entry Details
|Release Details
|Replication Site
|Assembly Site
|Humans; mammals
|Intestinal epithelium
|Cell receptor endocytosis
Electron micrograph of the Norovirus. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [40]
Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology displayed by Norovirus virions. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [40]
Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology displayed by Norovirus virions. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [40]
Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology displayed by Norovirus virions. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [40]
Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology displayed by Norovirus virions. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [40]
Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology displayed by Norovirus virions. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [40]
Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology displayed by Norovirus virions. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [40]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Norovirus - NHS Choices". Nhs.uk. 2014-01-20. Retrieved 2014-02-09.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Morillo SG, Timenetsky Mdo C (2011). "Norovirus: an overview". Revista Da Associação Médica Brasileira (1992). 57 (4): 453–8. doi:10.1016/s0104-4230(11)70094-x. PMID 21876931.
- ↑ Goodgame R (2006). "Norovirus gastroenteritis". Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 8 (5): 401–08. doi:10.1007/s11894-006-0026-4. PMID 16968608.
- ↑ Said MA, Perl TM, Sears CL (November 2008). "Healthcare epidemiology: gastrointestinal flu: norovirus in health care and long-term care facilities". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 47 (9): 1202–8. doi:10.1086/592299. PMID 18808354.
- ↑ Debbink K, Lindesmith LC, Donaldson EF, Baric RS (2012). "Norovirus Immunity and the Great Escape". PLoS Pathog. 8 (10): e1002921. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002921.
- ↑ Jimenez L, Chiang M (2006). "Virucidal activity of a quaternary ammonium compound disinfectant against feline calicivirus: a surrogate for norovirus". Am J Infect Control. 34 (5): 269–73. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2005.11.009. PMID 16765204.
- ↑ Lindesmith L, Moe C, Lependu J, Frelinger JA, Treanor J, Baric RS (2005). "Cellular and Humoral Immunity following Snow Mountain Virus Challenge". J. Virol. 79 (5): 2900–9. doi:10.1128/JVI.79.5.2900-2909.2005. PMC 548455. PMID 15709009.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Leon, Juan (2008). "Chapter 9". In Vajdy, Michael. Immunity Against Mucosal Pathogens. Springer. p. 232. ISBN 9781402084126.
- ↑ Noda M, Fukuda S, Nishio O (2007). "Statistical analysis of attack rate in norovirus foodborne outbreaks". Int J Food Microbiol. 122 (1–2): 216–20. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.11.073. PMID 18177970.
- ↑ Koopmans M, Duizer E (2004). "Foodborne viruses: an emerging problem". Int. J. Food Microbiol. 90 (1): 23–41. doi:10.1016/S0168-1605(03)00169-7. PMID 14672828.
- ↑ Lindesmith L, Moe C, Marionneau S, Ruvoen N, Jiang X, Lindblad L, Stewart P, LePendu J, Baric R (2003). "Human susceptibility and resistance to Norwalk virus infection". Nat. Med. 9 (5): 548–53. doi:10.1038/nm860. PMID 12692541.
- ↑ Widdowson MA, Sulka A, Bulens SN, Beard RS, Chaves SS, Hammond R, Salehi ED, Swanson E, Totaro J, Woron R, Mead PS, Bresee JS, Monroe SS, Glass RI (2005). "Norovirus and foodborne disease, United States, 1991–2000". Emerging Infect. Dis. 11 (1): 95–102. doi:10.3201/eid1101.040426. PMC 3294339. PMID 15705329.
- ↑ "Norovirus: Technical Fact Sheet". National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC.
- ↑ Moore MD, Goulter RM, Jaykus L (April 2015). "Human Norovirus as a Foodborne Pathogen: Challenges and Developments". Annual Review of Food Science and Technology (2015). 6 (1): 411–33. doi:10.1146/annurev-food-022814-015643.
- ↑ "I've lost my appetite...": New Scientist article on spread of viral food poisoning across a restaurant by eating near where someone has vomited
- ↑ Atmar RL, Opekun AR, Gilger MA, Estes MK, Crawford SE, Neill FH, Graham DY (October 2008). "Norwalk Virus Shedding after Experimental Human Infection". Emerging Infect. Dis. 14 (10): 1553–7. doi:10.3201/eid1410.080117. PMC 2609865. PMID 18826818.
- ↑ Marks PJ, Vipond IB, Carlisle D, Deakin D, Fey RE, Caul EO (June 2000). "Evidence for airborne transmission of Norwalk-like virus (NLV) in a hotel restaurant". Epidemiol. Infect. 124 (3): 481–487. doi:10.1017/s0950268899003805. PMC 2810934. PMID 10982072.
- ↑ Marks PJ, Vipond IB, Regan FM, Wedgwood K, Fey RE, Caul EO (Aug 2003). "A school outbreak of Norwalk-like virus: evidence for airborne transmission". Epidemiol. Infect. 131 (1): 727–736. doi:10.1017/s0950268803008689. PMC 2870014. PMID 12948373.
- ↑ Heijne JC, Teunis P, Morroy G, Wijkmans C, Oostveen S, Duizer E, Kretzschmar M, Wallinga J (2009). "Enhanced Hygiene Measures and Norovirus Transmission during an Outbreak" (PDF). Emerg. Infect. Dis. 15 (1): 24–30. doi:10.3201/1501.080299. PMC 2660689. PMID 19116045.
- ↑ Hedberg CW, Osterholm MT (1993). "Outbreaks of food-borne and waterborne viral gastroenteritis". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 6 (3): 199–210. PMC 358282. PMID 8395330.
- ↑ Shellfish consumption and the risk of norovirus infection
- ↑ Parashar UD, Monroe SS (2001). ""Norwalk-like viruses" as a cause of foodborne disease outbreaks". Rev. Med. Virol. 11 (4): 243–52. doi:10.1002/rmv.321. PMID 11479930.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Department of Health and Ageing Norovirus laboratory case definition
- ↑ Eric B. Carstens; King, Andrew; Elliot Lefkowitz; Adams, Michael Ian (2011). Virus Taxonomy: Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 981–982. ISBN 0-12-384684-6.
- ↑ Ramirez S, Giammanco GM, De Grazia S, Colomba C, Martella V, Arista S (2008). "Genotyping of GII.4 and GIIb norovirus RT-PCR amplicons by RFLP analysis". J. Virol. Methods. 147 (2): 250–6. doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.09.005. PMID 17953996.
- ↑ Vinjé J, Green J, Lewis DC, Gallimore CI, Brown DW, Koopmans MP (2000). "Genetic polymorphism across regions of the three open reading frames of "Norwalk-like viruses"". Arch. Virol. 145 (2): 223–41. doi:10.1007/s007050050020. PMID 10752550.
- ↑ Noel JS, Fankhauser RL, Ando T, Monroe SS, Glass RI (2000). "Identification of a distinct common strain of "Norwalk-like viruses" having a global distribution". J. Infect. Dis. 179 (6): 1334–44. doi:10.1086/314783. PMID 10228052.
- ↑ Tu ET, Bull RA, Greening GE, Hewitt J, Lyon MJ, Marshall JA, McIver CJ, Rawlinson WD, White PA (2008). "Epidemics of gastroenteritis during 2006 were associated with the spread of norovirus GII.4 variants 2006a and 2006b". Clin. Infect. Dis. 46 (3): 413–20. doi:10.1086/525259. PMID 18177226.
- ↑ Shirato H (2011). "Norovirus and histo-blood group antigens". Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases. 64 (2): 95–103. PMID 21519121.
- ↑ McCartney SA, Thackray LB, Gitlin L, Gilfillan S, Virgin HW, Virgin Iv HW, Colonna M (July 18, 2008). Baric, Ralph S., ed. "MDA-5 Recognition of a Murine Norovirus". PLoS Pathog. 4 (7): e1000108. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000108. PMC 2443291. PMID 18636103.
- ↑ Researchers Discover Primary Sensor That Detects Stomach Viruses Newswise, Retrieved on July 20, 2008.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ↑ Prasad BV, Crawford S, Lawton JA, Pesavento J, Hardy M, Estes MK (2001). "Structural studies on gastroenteritis viruses". Novartis Found. Symp. Novartis Foundation Symposia. 238: 26–37, discussion 37–46. doi:10.1002/0470846534.ch3. ISBN 978-0-470-84653-7. PMID 11444031.
- ↑ Clarke IN, Lambden PR (2000). "Organization and expression of calicivirus genes". J. Infect. Dis. 181 Suppl 2: S309–16. doi:10.1086/315575. PMID 10804143.
- ↑ Tan M, Hegde RS, Jiang X (2004). "The P Domain of Norovirus Capsid Protein Forms Dimer and Binds to Histo-Blood Group Antigen Receptors". J. Virol. 78 (12): 6233–42. doi:10.1128/JVI.78.12.6233-6242.2004. PMC 416535. PMID 15163716.
- ↑ Tan M, Huang PW, Meller J, Zhong WM, Farkas T, Jiang X (2004). "Mutations within the P2 domain of norovirus capsid affect binding to human histo-blood group antigens: evidence for a binding pocket". J. Virol. 78 (6): 3201. doi:10.1128/JVI.78.6.3201.2004.
- ↑ Cao S, Lou Z, Tan M, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Zhang XC, Jiang X, Li X, Rao Z (2007). "Structural Basis for the Recognition of Blood Group Trisaccharides by Norovirus". J. Virol. 81 (11): 5949–57. doi:10.1128/JVI.00219-07. PMC 1900264. PMID 17392366.
- ↑ Lundborg M, Ali E, Widmalm G (2013). "An in silico virtual screening study for the design of norovirus inhibitors: fragment-based molecular docking and binding free energy calculations". Carbohydr Res. 378: 133–8. doi:10.1016/j.carres.2013.03.012. PMID 23582100.
- ↑ Victoria M, Miagostovich MP, Ferreira MS, Vieira CB, Fioretti JM, Leite JP, Colina R, Cristina J (2009). "Bayesian coalescent inference reveals high evolutionary rates and expansion of Norovirus populations". Infect Genet Evol. 9 (5): 927–932. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2009.06.014. PMID 19559104.
- ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 40.4 40.5 40.6 "Public Health Image Library (PHIL)".


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Tag Archive | weight loss
Forward March!
Move with momentum, in getting your life and relationship the way you truly want it to be. In order to do that we have to change somethings and implement some new things .In every area of your life there is room for improvement. Push yourself,challenge yourself, go for your dreams. What is your passion, your destiny? A good time to get the answers to those questions is now, right now! We can always look at someone else and point out what they need to do, but this questions is for you. Look around you everything you see started with a thought from someone, and yes they failed many times to bring it into fruition. It will take hard work, consistency, and belief. You have to want it and believe that you can attain it and fulfill it. I'm so inspired by these bloggers, don't be afraid to just do it. Failing at something does not mean the end, to the contrary it means try it a different way. It not about how many times you started and stopped, because you're closer then you was before, so start again. Being accountable to someone gives you and advantage, because you won't stop so quickly. I have a challenge and a Dare for you, will you join me .
- The first one is for couples, we have a 30 Day Love Dare, that we like you to join us in.
- For all the ladies married/ single please join me (MzLoveviewz) in a 90 Day Weight Loss/ Get Fit Challenge.
Please comment to inspire us also to let me know if you're going to join us. I will email you with details so we can have private chats and video updates for the 90 day Weight Loss/ Get Fit challenge. Please join us for the Couples Love Dare, this will 30 days of Group Coaching no fee so join in. Forward March!


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demiurge(redirected from demiurgical)
Also found in: Thesaurus, Encyclopedia.
1. A powerful creative force or personality.
2. A public magistrate in some ancient Greek states.
3. Demiurge A deity in Gnosticism, Manichaeism, and other religions who creates the material world and is often viewed as the originator of evil.
4. Demiurge A Platonic deity who orders or fashions the material world out of chaos.
[Late Latin dēmiurgus, from Greek dēmiourgos, artisan : dēmios, public (from dēmos, people; see dā- in Indo-European roots) + ergos, worker (from ergon, work; see werg- in Indo-European roots).]
dem′i·ur′geous (-ûr′jəs), dem′i·ur′gic (-jĭk), dem′i·ur′gi·cal (-jĭ-kəl) adj.
dem′i·ur′gi·cal·ly adv.
demiurge(ˈdɛmɪˌɜːdʒ; ˈdiː-) or
1. (Philosophy)
a. (in the philosophy of Plato) the creator of the universe
b. (in Gnostic and some other philosophies) the creator of the universe, supernatural but subordinate to the Supreme Being
2. (Law) (in ancient Greece) a magistrate with varying powers found in any of several states
[C17: from Church Latin dēmiūrgus, from Greek dēmiourgos skilled workman, literally: one who works for the people, from dēmos people + ergon work]
ˌdemiˈurgeous, ˌdemiˈurgic, ˌdemiˈurgical adj
ˌdemiˈurgically adv
dem•i•urge(ˈdɛm iˌɜrdʒ)
a. (in Platonism) the artificer of the world.
b. (in Gnostic and other systems) a subordinate supernatural being who created the world and is regarded as the creator of evil.
2. (in ancient Greece) a public official or magistrate.
[1590–1600; < Greek dēmiourgós artisan, public official =dḗmio(s) of the people (derivative of dêmos the people) + -orgos, akin to érgon work]
dem`i•ur′gi•cal•ly, adv.
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|demiurge - a subordinate deity, in some philosophies the creator of the universe


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Later on that evening, we enjoyed one of my favorite restaurant treats, shrimp cocktel! It's Mexican shrimp cocktail, and it is oh so good. I eat mine with saltine crackers, and Mike eats his with tortilla chips. Either way is really good. I even served these up in my large iced tea glasses to be more restaurant like (sometimes we eat it in bowls, more like gazpacho).
I had read recently to give tiny shrimp a try. Something about the smaller the shrimp, the more likely that they would cook through before the outside gets tough. Anyway...the grocery store had these tiny guys on sale, so I tried out the theory. It proved true for us. They were really tender and sweet.
And another date night comes and goes. But, I can't wait until the next one!


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Howie Mandel has struck a new deal with NBC.
David Hasselhoff departing America's Got TalentThe former Deal or No Deal host will replace David Hasselhoff at the judges' table on America's Got Talent, E! reports. Mandel, who earned an Emmy nomination for hosting Deal, will join fellow judges Sharon Osbourne and Piers Morgan.Hasselhoff announced his exit from the summer series after four years on Wednesday, explaining that he is moving on to create his own show.


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I think working with many different colors in a wedding can make it difficult to keep the look consistent, but Towne + Andy pull it off marvelously! A pair of Kate Spades and multi-colored bouquets by Harvey Designs were a vibrant pop against Towne's Vera Wang dress and her bridesmaids' grey Tadashi frocks. The strands of ribbon flowing from garden hooks were a bright and modest lining to the aisle in the middle of Greene Square in Savannah. Put together, the details made for a whimsical but refined ceremony. Take in all the pretty colors and then read on to find out about Towne + Andy's sweet love story, their 2.5 engagements (That's right, there was more than one!), and a special family heirloom. A big thanks to Nate Henderson who shared this with us!
How did the two of you meet? Tell us your story. Andy's sister just so happened to also be a friend of mine from our days at the Savannah College of Art and Design. When I moved to Chicago, her matchmaking intuition kicked in. As it turns out, she had come up with this idea that Andy and I should be together back during our college days, but had never mentioned it because, at the time, Andy and I lived 800 miles apart and were in other relationships. After many months of us both politely refusing her attempts introduce us, we finally gave in. We met blindly at a bar aptly named "The Union" and it was about as close to love at first sight as I think anyone has experienced! Several days later, we had our official first date. After Chicago style pizza and dancing at a Reggae bar, Andy asked me, "So, what are you doing for the rest of your life?" I responded by saying "hanging out with you!"
Describe the proposal. Well, over our 4 years together, there were sort of 2.5 proposals! The first occurred after only 2 months of dating. One evening after work, Andy lovingly presented me with his great grandmother's wedding set. It was a beautiful ruby engagement ring along with her gold wedding band. When he proposed officially, we were simply at home. It was morning. We were just waking up for brunch and he knelt beside the bed and re-presented me with his great grandmother's ruby ring. Saving yet one last surprise up his sleeve, the week of our wedding, he asked me to marry him for the second time in a beautiful Savannah square. This time it was in the moonlight, which showcased a very sparkly new engagement ring.
Three adjectives that describe the day are: Blissful, exuberant, amazing
Our favorite detail of the wedding was: All of the elements came together so perfectly that everything was our favorite! The food, the band, our amazing loved ones; it was fantastic.
What Southern details or traditions did you include in your celebration? What was Southern about your wedding? Oh, we knew all along that no matter where our wedding was held, that we would have Southern food. Raw oysters on the half shell, low country-inspired pairings of BBQ brisket with stone ground grits, and heirloom tomato sandwiches, to name a few. Of course, the music was Southern, too! Triply Lindy out of Charleston, SC set the tone of our semi-formal, cocktail-party-style reception perfectly.
Photographer: Nate Henderson // Planner: Morgan Gallo Events // Ceremony venue: Greene Square // Reception venue: Cha Bella // Florist: Harvey Design // Wedding Cake Baker: Two Cakes // Caterer: Cha Bella // Band: Triple Lindy // Paper Products: The Happy Envelope // Bride's Dress: Vera Wang // Bride's Hair Accessories/Veil: handmade by the bride //Bride's Shoes: Kate Spade // Bridesmaids' Dresses: Tadashi // Accessories: bride's and bridesmaids'
It doesn't get much more southern than a wedding in a Savannah square! Absolutely beautiful.
truly the best photographer in savannah.
Not a southern woman, but I do love southern weddings…so charming. This bride is super gorgeous and is in a super gorgeous town. What can be more perfect?
I love all the color…it just works so well together. Beautiful images of what looks like an amazing day!
[…] past posts: Emily's visit to the Old Edwards Inn Towne + Andy's ribbon-adorned wedding here and here xo Nicole January 19, 2012 | view Nicole's blog 0 viewcomments hidecomments […]
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