text:
Trade Marks in South Africa - the 1993 Act
The Trade Marks Act No. 194 of 1993 ("the Act") has had a particularly long gestation period.
The draft Trade Marks Bill was published for comment on 31 August 1991 which is a date of some significance when it comes to the protection of well-known trade marks discussed below.
Thereafter, after considerable comment and changes to the original bill the Trade Marks Act No. 194 of 1993 was published on 5 January 1994. In terms of section 72 thereof it was said to come into operation on a date fixed by the State President by proclamation in the Gazette. The new Act is expected to come into force on 1 April 1995.
Given the long lapse of time between the original conception of the Act and its birth, the reasons for the new Act have been largely forgotten. While it is not our intention to dwell on these reasons some historical background would be apposite.
The repealed Act (No. 62 of 1963) was outdated in a number of respects; in particular the licensing provisions and the definition of a trade mark. It also lagged behind developments in the international community and given the fact that trade mark law plays an integral part in international trade it is important that South Africa keeps abreast of such developments. In particular, the most important developments on the international front which influence the new Trade Marks Act are the European Directive on Trade Marks and the Uruguay round of the negotiations on the General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GATT), especially its annex III that contains the Agreement on Trade - Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, including Trade in Counterfeit Goods (TRIPS). The purpose of the aforementioned two agreements was to harmonise trade mark laws of the signatories to the agreements. As the repealed Trade Marks Act did not meet all these requirements, changes were required to our existing trade marks legislation. Critics of the Act argue that amendments to the repealed Act would have sufficed but, rightly or wrongly, the new Trade Marks Act is now a fait accompli and, rather than to dwell on the past, we must consider how it will affect trade marks in South Africa in the future.
With effect from 1 April 1995 all new matters before the Registrar of Trade Marks or the Courts will be regulated by the new Act and the purpose of this seminar is to inform you of the salient features of the Act from a practical perspective. Thus, while it will inevitably be necessary for us to refer to certain sections of the Act, we intend to concentrate on what the immediate practical effect of such sections will be rather than to analyze the wording of the sections from a lawyers perspective.
The two main aspects of trade mark law which affect one in practice are:
What is a registrable trade mark?
What remedies does a registered trade mark afford the trade mark proprietor?
There have been significant changes to both these concepts as appears from what follows.
1. Definition of a Trade Mark
The most important aspect of the new definition of a trade mark is that it omits reference to "indicating a connection in the course of trade" and stresses the distinguishing function of a mark by defining a trade mark to mean:
"A mark used or proposed to be used by a person in relation to goods or services for the purpose of distinguishing the goods or services in relation to which the mark is used or proposed to be used from the same kind of goods or services connected in the course of trade with any other person"
Thus the emphasis has shifted from the function of indicating a connection in the course of trade (an origin function) to that of distinguishing the goods or services in relation to which the trade mark is used or proposed to be used (a distinguishing function).
While much has, and no doubt will in the future, be written about the function of a trade mark, for our purposes the most important effect of the new definition of a trade mark is the effect it has on
2. Licensing
Under the repealed Act the registered user provisions were totally inflexible with unfortunate, and commercially unrealistic, consequences. Simply put, only use by the trade mark proprietor himself or a duly recorded registered user constituted permitted use. The practical effect of this was that in circumstances of use in the absence of a registered user recordal, whether or not a de facto licence agreement existed, a trade mark used by a licensee would be vulnerable to attack on the following grounds:
That it had been used deceptively.
That there had been no use by the proprietor or a permitted user.
The new Act recognises that a de facto licence will suffice i.e. the mere fact that the trade mark proprietor fails to carry out the procedural step of filing a registered user application will not prejudice him if a de facto licence (control) exists.
In circumstances where usership is an issue the new Act still makes provision for a registered user recordal. The following advantages are gained by recording a licensee as a registered user of the trade mark under the new Act:
The recordal is prima facie evidence of permitted use;
The registered user will have locus standi to bring infringement proceedings in his own name.
3. What Constitutes a Mark?
The scope of what constitutes a mark has been considerably broadened so as to include:
"Any sign capable of being represented graphically, including a device, name, signature, word, letter, numeral, shape, configuration, pattern, ornamentation, colour or container for goods or combination of the aforementioned"
It is to be noted that the aforementioned definition is not exhaustive and, in particular, the shape and colour of goods are specifically recognised as constituting a mark. Furthermore, as any sign capable of being represented graphically constitutes a mark, theoretically, even sounds and smells (which, I am told, can be represented graphically), could be registered.
Thus, the anomalous situation where the shape of the Weber kettle braai was found by the Appellate Division not to qualify as a trade mark under the repealed Act, in circumstances where it was accepted that the shape was de facto distinctive, will fall away.
In keeping with our aim of analyzing the new trade marks Act from a purely practical perspective I submit that the effect of the new definition of what constitutes a mark is that everything which in fact distinguishes one product from another, and which can be represented graphically (i.e. can somehow be described in the register of trade marks) will constitute a mark under the new Trade Marks Act.
4. Registrability / Distinctiveness
While the scope of what may or may not constitute a trade mark has been broadened, the fundamental principle of trade mark law, the question of distinctiveness, remains.
In order to be registrable, a trade mark must be capable of distinguishing. A mark will be considered to be capable of distinguishing if, at the date of application, it is inherently capable of distinguishing or it is capable of distinguishing by reason of prior use. As the register is no longer divided into Parts A and B a mark which is only capable of distinguishing by reason of prior use will only qualify for registration once evidence of such prior use is filed at the Trade Marks Office.
It is extremely difficult to define what the term "capable of distinguishing" means and the best we can do is to state that the trade mark must not be "devoid of any distinctive character". An invented word such as KODAK is clearly capable of distinguishing while EXCELLENT is clearly devoid of any distinctive character. Many trade marks fall between these two extremes and surnames, geographical names and two or three letter trade marks fall in this grey area.
Surnames will create a considerable problem. Under the repealed Act, surnames were generally registrable in Part B of the register only to be elevated to Part A with evidence of use i.e. where the proprietor had proved acquired distinctiveness. As we now no longer have the distinction between Parts A and B of the register this "halfway stage" no longer exists. Obviously no difficulty is created where a surname has been used as the applicant for registration would be able to show that the trade mark has become capable of distinguishing by reason of prior use. Where there has been no prior use, the only basis under which a surname can be registered is if it is "inherently capable of distinguishing". It would certainly be a radical step if the Registrar were to hold that all surnames are inherently capable of distinguishing thereby allowing a trader, who may not even have the particular surname, to register it, thereby prejudicing other traders having that surname. On the other hand, if registration is refused, it places a bona fide trader in an invidious position as he must elect how much prior use would be sufficient to prove that the trade mark has become capable of distinguishing through use. Regrettably, an applicant for registration cannot rely on use made subsequent to the filing date of the application in support of the application.
Adopting a pragmatic approach it appears that a common surname, such as SMITH, for common goods, such as clothing, would not be capable of distinguishing without prior use. The same surname might, however, be capable of distinguishing in respect of highly specialised goods such as nuclear reactors. Likewise, a rare surname might be capable of distinguishing common goods. Furthermore, it is only when the mark is in its ordinary signification a surname that problems arise.
It will only be in a few years time, after the Registrar has established his practice and the Courts have dealt with appeals against decisions by the Registrar, that clear guidelines will be known. In the meanwhile, our advice is that one should file applications for surnames and other marks which fall in the grey area in the hope that they will be found to be registrable. If, however, they are refused registration it might be necessary to re-file the application but, at that later date, one would be able to rely on the intervening use which has taken place.
We might add that it is somewhat anomalous that in terms of the proviso to section 10, a trade mark proprietor may rely on use made of his trade mark between the date of the application and the date of the rectification proceedings as a defence to such proceedings brought against the trade mark on the grounds that it is non-distinctive while, as we have said above, he may not rely on use between the date of filing the application and the date of examination by the Registrar in arguing acquired distinctiveness.
5. Unregistrable Trade Marks
The new Trade Marks Act sets out 17 grounds for refusal of a trade mark. These grounds can be broken down into two sub-sections namely absolute grounds for refusal and relative grounds for refusal (where extraneous factors are involved). Two new relative grounds of refusal have been introduced, namely the protection of well-known trade marks and the dilution provision.
5.1 Absolute Grounds for Refusal
The new Act states that a mark which:
"Consists exclusively of a sign or an indication which may serve, in trade, to designate the kind, quality, quantity, intended purpose, value, geographical origin or other characteristics of the goods or services, or the mode or time of production of the goods or rendering of the services"
shall not be registered as a trade mark. While the new Act is couched in different terms to the repealed Act it is felt that, in practice, the same general principles will apply.
This section covers things such as obviously descriptive terms like "WOOL" for clothing, "EXCELLENT" and "BIG" for any goods, "SIX PACK" for beers, "DRIVE" for cars, "FREE" for any goods, "SCOTLAND" for whisky, "HANDMADE" for any handmade goods etc.
Other examples of where a trade mark would not be registrable are:
Where the trade mark consists exclusively of a sign or an indication which has become customary in the current language or in the bona fide and established practices of the trade i.e. where the trade mark is generic such as WINDSURFER, THERMOS, ASPIRIN, JACUZZI, HOOVER, XEROX etc.
Where the applicant for registration has no bona fide claim to proprietorship or where the application for registration was made mala fide.
Where the applicant for registration has no bona fide intention of using the trade mark. The similar provision under the repealed Act also affected an applicant where he intended to use the trade mark, not himself but through a licensee as where the licensee was not simultaneously recorded as a registered user the trade mark would be potentially vulnerable to expungement on these grounds. With the relaxation of the licensing provisions the intention to use a trade mark by an unrecorded licensee would suffice. This requirement is also satisfied if there is an intention to use the trade mark through a body corporate about to be formed.
A mark which consists exclusively of the shape, configuration or colour of goods where such shape, configuration or colour is necessary to obtain a specific technical result. Thus, while the broader definition of mark accepts that the shape, configuration or colour of goods may constitute a trade mark it is stressed that where these factors are "functional" they would not be registrable.
A mark which contains the coat of arms, seal or national flag of the Republic. The new South African flag is frequently used in a commercial context and it must be stressed that without governmental authority no trade mark will be registered which incorporates the new flag. We might add that, in terms of the Merchandise Marks Act, the use of the flag by any person in connection with his trade, business, profession or occupation or in connection with a trade mark, mark or trade description applied by him to goods made, produced or sold by him without authority constitutes an offence.
A mark which contains any word, letter or device indicating State patronage.
A mark specified in the regulations as being a prohibited mark, for example the symbol . A mark which consists of a container for goods or the shape, configuration, colour or pattern of goods, where the registration of such mark is or has become likely to limit the development of any art or industry.
5.2 Relative Grounds for Refusal: Conflict with Existing Rights
Apart from the above grounds, a trade mark will also be unregistrable if it conflicts with existing rights of another trade mark proprietor.
Thus, as was the position under the repealed Act, a trade mark which is likely to deceive or cause confusion with a registered trade mark of a different proprietor is unregistrable, unless the earlier proprietor consents to such registration. The fact that the consent of the earlier proprietor can override the Registrar's objection is a feature of the new Act which did not exist in the repealed Act. This is to be welcomed as it removes the frustration experienced in practice under the repealed Act in circumstances where the proprietor of the "conflicting" trade mark has no objection to the co-existence of the marks on the register (often in circumstances where similar arrangements have been reached worldwide) but, despite this, the Registrar insisted that the trade mark in question may not be registered, thereby overriding the commercial interests of the parties in question for the perceived "general interest of the public".
As before, prior common law rights also pose a bar to registration. Thus, in circumstances where the proprietor of an unregistered trade mark can show that the use of the mark applied for would be likely to deceive or cause confusion, the application will be unregistrable.
The procedure whereby two conflicting pending applications were both refused registration under the repealed Act until the rights of the parties had been determined (the so-called 17(3) proceedings) has no counterpart in the new Act. The application with the earlier filing date will prevail unless the applicant for the later trade mark proves that this would be contrary to his existing rights.
While the wording and the structure of the Act has changed, the practical effect of the new provisions dealing with conflicting trade marks is no different to that pertaining under the repealed Act. We accordingly recommend, as we always have, that trade mark searches are conducted prior to filing to ensure that no prior conflicting marks are on the register. An availability search does not, of course, reveal any unregistered trade marks and it is accordingly important for an applicant for registration to advise us if he is aware of another party's trade mark which is in use and which might pose an obstacle to his application.
5.3 New Relative Grounds for Refusal - Dilution and Internationally Well-Known Trade Marks
The need for such full disclosure on the part of a prospective trade mark applicant is greatly increased by reason of two entirely new provisions in the new Trade Marks Act namely:
The protection of well-known trade marks
The dilution provisions
In the case of protection of well-known trade marks no registration is required and in the case of dilution, while a registration is required it need not be in respect of similar goods than that covered by the application. We elaborate on these two issues below:
5.3.1 Protection of Well-Known Trade Marks The protection of well-known trade marks is in keeping with South Africa´s obligations in terms of section 6 bis of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Intellectual Property. In terms of section 10(6):
"A trade mark application which constitutes, or the essential part of which constitutes a reproduction imitation or translation of a trade mark which is entitled to protection under the Paris Convention as a well-known trade mark and which is used for goods or services identical or similar to the goods or services in question will be unregistrable."
This is an important departure from our common law in that the protection is afforded whether or not the person claiming entitlement to the well-known trade mark carries on business or has any goodwill in South Africa.This differs from previous case law in the TIE RACK and the VICTORIA'S SECRET cases where no protection was afforded to the proprietors of the foreign trade marks TIE RACK and VICTORIA'S SECRET because they had not carried on business or had any goodwill in South Africa.
The effect of this provision, and the corresponding infringement provision, will to a large extent put a stop to the popular South African pastime of filching foreign trade marks. It is surprising just how many trade marks in South Africa are copied from overseas trade marks, especially in the clothing and leisure industries. The situation was exacerbated by sanctions, during which time persons sought to justify such conduct by stating that the foreign proprietor would not be doing business in South Africa in any event. In the era of the new South Africa where we want to encourage foreign investment and reinvestment it would be an anachronism for South African traders to continue getting away with the filching of foreign trade marks. In the circumstances the introduction of the protection of well-known trade marks is to be welcomed.
A reprieve, which could be called the "Woolworths amendment", has, however, been built into the new Act as the provisions do not apply to persons who adopted well-known trade marks in South Africa prior to 31 August 1991. This is the date that the draft bill was published, thereby giving notice of the fact that well-known trade marks were to be protected in the future.
The degree of reputation required to prove what trade mark is well-known will no doubt be settled by judicial interpretation. Certain trade marks which, to our knowledge, have never been used in this country but would possibly qualify are:
- McDONALD'S
There will, however, be grey areas and it must be remembered that the mere fact that a trade mark is known in an overseas jurisdiction does not preclude the applicant from obtaining the identical trade mark in South Africa - the test is that the mark must be well-known in South Africa.
5.3.2 Dilution
This provision has been included in the Act to prevent the dilution of the distinctive character or reputation of an existing well-known registered trade mark notwithstanding the absence of deception or confusion. The critical wording of the Act is that the mark must be:
"Identical or similar to a trade mark which is already registered and which is well-known in the Republic, if the use of the mark sought to be registered would be likely to take unfair advantage of, or be detrimental to, the distinctive character or the repute of the registered trade mark, notwithstanding the absence of deception or confusion."
A classical example of dilution is the use of the trade mark ROLLS ROYCE in respect of practically any goods or services. As with the protection of internationally well-known trade marks as discussed above, it would be incumbent upon the trade mark proprietor seeking protection under the dilution provision to prove that his trade mark is well-known. As before there are certain obvious examples of well-known trade marks such as:
but, for the rest, judicial interpretation will determine how broadly this concept will be interpreted.
6. Defensive Registrations
There is no provision for defensive registration of a trade mark under the new Act. However, existing defensive registrations may not be removed on the grounds of lack of intention to use, or non-use, over a ten-year period i.e. until 1 April 2005. Thereafter, all defensive registrations will be vulnerable to removal from the register on these grounds.
7. Certification and Collective Trade Marks
The new Act has retained certification trade marks and it is still a prerequisite for a certification mark that the applicant himself must not have an intention to use the mark (i.e. he simply acts as the certifying body). Examples of certification marks are marks like the Wool Board and Cotton Board marks, the Real Dairy mark etc.
The new Act now makes provision for the registration of collective trade marks. A collective trade mark is a mark capable of distinguishing goods or services of persons who are members of any association from goods or services of persons who are not members thereof. Geographical names and other indications of geographical origin are registrable as collective marks. Thus, for example, the association of wine farms making up the Stellenbosch wine route (assuming that there is such an association), would be able to register "STELLENBOSCH WINE ROUTE" as a collective mark, despite the geographical significance of the mark.
8. Assignment and Hypothecation
Trade marks can be assigned either with or without the goodwill of the business concerned in the goods or services in respect of which the trade marks have been registered. The Registrar, however, no longer requires the assignee to record whether the assignment is with or without goodwill, a relaxation which is to be welcomed as, in practice it is not that easy to determine whether an assignment has been with or without the goodwill of the business.
An innovation in the new Act is a provision for the hypothecation of a registered trade mark by means of a Deed of Security. Once a Deed of Security has been lodged with the Registrar and the register has been endorsed to that effect, the Deed of Security will have the effect of a pledge of the trade mark to the person in whose favour the Deed of Security has been granted. This means that the pledgee of the registered trade mark will have real security over the registered trade marks. Assignments or transmissions of a registered trade mark are subject to Deeds of Security and a trade mark may not be assigned or transmitted without the written consent of a person in whose favour a Deed of Security has been granted.
9. Trade Mark Opposition and Rectification Proceedings
The new Act makes provision for opposition against a pending trade mark application and expungement of a registered trade mark. A trade mark may be opposed on the basis of any of the grounds mentioned above as to what constitutes an unregistrable trade mark. A registered trade mark may be expunged on any of the aforementioned grounds as well as on the grounds of non-use where it has not been used for a continuous period of 5 years from the date of the issuing of the certificate of registration. Under the repealed Act the 5 year period ran from the date of application which has effectively given most trade marks a two and a half year reprieve (the average time between the filing of an application and the issuing of the certificate of registration is about two and a half years).
A consequence of doing away with Part A and Part B of the register is that the seven year protection clause of the repealed Act falls away. In terms of this clause a trade mark registered for more than seven years could only be expunged on certain grounds and, in particular, could not be expunged on the grounds that it was not distinctive. Any trade mark, whether registered under the repealed or new Acts, will now always be open to attack on the grounds that it is non-distinctive. Under the new Act, however, a trade mark proprietor can meet an attack based on non-distinctiveness by showing that the trade mark has become capable of distinguishing as a result of use made of the mark by the time of the application for removal from the register.
It is important to note that the validity of the original entry of a trade mark on the register will always be determined in accordance with the laws in force at the date of such entry. Thus, while the new Act regulates all the procedural steps of opposition or rectification proceedings, the provisions of the repealed Act will continue to play a role as the grounds of opposition for a trade mark registered under the repealed Act will have to be based on the provisions of the new repealed Act.
There have been some important procedural changes in the new Act.The most important change is that the notice of opposition or rectification must be supported by an affidavit as to the facts upon which the applicant relies for relief. This is in keeping with normal application proceedings before the Supreme Court. Wherever possible the trade mark regulations follow the Supreme Court rules, allowing the Registrar to rely on the considerable body of Supreme Court case law in matters before the Registrar.
It is hoped that the practical effect of the new regulations relating to opposed proceedings will be that inordinate delays currently experienced between the advertisement of an application and the hearing of the matter by the Registrar of Trade Marks will be reduced considerably. Furthermore, under the repealed Act, because the filing of the Notice of Opposition did not include the considerable expense of the preparation and filing of the evidence, the filing of a Notice of Opposition was often used as a form of brinkmanship. It is hoped that under the new proceedings such frivolous threats of opposition will no longer play a role.
The same principles apply, mutatis mutandis, to rectification proceedings before the Registrar.
10. Trade Mark Infringement
The structure of the infringement provisions in the new Act has changed from the old Act and the section which deals with infringement of a registered trade mark, is broken down as follows:
The first sub-section sets out the three grounds of infringement.
The second sub-section then sets out six exceptions to the aforementioned three grounds.
The third sub-section sets out the remedies for trade mark infringement.
What could be termed classical trade mark infringement under the repealed Act is retained. This is use of a confusingly similar trade mark in relation to goods or services in respect of which the trade mark is registered. Nothing more need be said about this provision other than to stress that it can be relied upon to preclude comparative advertising - an issue which has received a fair amount of confusing press coverage lately.
The first innovation of the infringement provisions is that trade mark infringement is no longer limited to the actual goods or services in respect of which a trade mark is registered but also covers similar goods.
Judicial interpretation will determine how broad our courts are prepared to go in deciding what constitutes similar goods or services. As the new Trade Marks Act is still in its infancy we'll consider a trade mark registration for nappies to illustrate the practical advantage of extending infringement provisions to similar goods. Assume that a company which has been making nappies for many years has a registration for its trade mark in class 25 covering "cloth nappies" which fall under the general clothing category. This classification goes back many years and no doubt well before the advent of disposable paper nappies. When disposable paper nappies first came on the market and had to be classified, they were classified on the grounds that, being principally of paper, they should fall in class 16 together with other paper products such as books etc. Under the repealed Act the trade mark proprietor would not be able to sue someone for using the identical, or a similar, trade mark in relation to disposable paper nappies as its registration is limited to cloth nappies in class 25. Under the new Act a court would have no difficulty in finding infringement on the basis that paper nappies are similar goods to cloth nappies.
The next innovation is what is termed the "anti dilution provision". Once again, this type of infringement is not limited to the goods or services covered by the registered trade mark but, in this case, there is the added requirement that the trade mark must be shown to be well-known as discussed above. The classical example of dilution would be the use of the well-known trade mark ROLLS ROYCE in respect of any goods or services. A further example of the dilution provisions would be the T-shirts with COCAINE written on them in the same script as COCA-COLA.
Lastly, the proprietor of a trade mark entitled to protection under the Paris Convention as a well-known trade mark is entitled to restrain the use in South Africa of a trade mark which constitutes, or the essential part of which constitutes, a reproduction, imitation, or translation of the well-known trade mark in relation to goods or services which are identical or similar to the goods or services in respect of which the trade mark is well-known and where the use is likely to cause deception or confusion.
As we have seen, there is no requirement that the proprietor of the well-known trade mark has any goodwill or business in South Africa.
11. Exemptions from Infringement
The exemptions from infringement available to a defendant under the new Act were also, generally speaking, available under the repealed Act. They are, however, listed in a more user friendly way in the new Act and certain types of use, namely to describe spare parts and on parallel imports, is specifically stated not to constitute infringement to remove any doubts on the issue. The Act includes the following exemptions:
The bona fide use by a person of his own name.
The bona fide description of the kind, quality, quantity etc of goods or services.
The bona fide use where it is reasonable to indicate the intended purpose of goods or services. This exemption is aimed specifically at generic parts manufacturers and, for example, a spare parts manufacturer may use the trade mark TOYOTA to describe that his generic piston fits a Toyota motor vehicle.
The sale of goods to which the trade mark has been applied by or with the consent of the proprietor thereof i.e. parallel imports.
The use by someone of his own registered trade mark will not constitute infringement of someone else's trade mark.
12. Remedies for Infringement
The new Act specifies the remedies available for trade mark infringement while the repealed Act did not specifically provide for the relief which may be granted in cases of infringement. The relief obtainable under the repealed Act was, however, an interdict, delivery up of infringing goods (not in all circumstances though) and damages based on the plaintiff's loss of profit.
The new Act specifies the following remedies:
An interdict;
An order for removal of the infringing mark from all material or delivery up (where the infringing mark is inseparable or incapable or being removed);
A reasonable royalty in lieu of damages.
The inclusion of an interdict as relief in the new Act doesn't affect the present position in any way but the reference to delivery up and damages do have considerable practical advantages.
Under the repealed Act while a trade mark proprietor has always been able to claim damages it has proven to be impossible in practice to quantify such damages. The introduction in the new Act of the alternative damages claim, whereby damages can be claimed on the basis of a reasonable royalty, is to be welcomed. This is in keeping with the damages provisions of the other intellectual property statutes namely the Patents, Designs and Copyright Acts. The effect of this, to use a simple example, is that if an infringer has manufactured 20 000 T- shirts and the plaintiff can establish that a normal royalty for using his trade mark on the T- shirts would be R5.00, the damages could be quantified at R100 000.00.
As it is our view that the advantages of the new Act clearly outweigh the disadvantages we welcome the new Act for the commercial reality it brings to trade mark law in South Africa which will take us well into the 21st century while keeping us in line with trade mark laws worldwide. There will undoubtedly be some teething problems with the implementation of the new Trade Marks Act but these will be minor and the bona fide trader has little to fear and much to gain. The "fly by night" operators, or those who "sail too close to the wind", on the other hand, might find that their activities are somewhat hindered by the new Act but for them we weep crocodile tears.
Spoor & Fisher


text:
There's a coconut boom going on: the versatile flesh of the fruit can be manufactured into substitutes for milk, cream and other cooking oils.
The Food Guys, Jon Jackson and Greg Patent, point out that there are reasons to be concerned about the growing demand. Coconut farmers in Asia are among the poorest people in the world, and often, their trees are planted as a monoculture, a risk to farmer and the environment alike.
Over the last ten years, vegans and health-conscious cooks in the U.S. have been falling in love with the fruit. Coconut milk comes from the white flesh of the mature coconut, and it's a good substitute for cow's milk, even in baking. Coconut cream is made from a concentrated portion of the milk. "Don't buy low-fat versions; you're paying for water," says Greg Patent.
As lovers of South Asian food know, coconut milk works especially well in curries, adding richness to the curry spices. Greg also uses it in soups and marinades.
(Broadcast: "The Food Guys," 1/1/17 & 1/5/17 and 3/3/19. Listen weekly on the radio at 11:50 a.m. Sundays and again at 4:54 p.m. Thursdays, or via podcast.)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
There are a variety of T5 Bulbs available for your Saltwater Aquarium. Some of the most popular colors are 10,000K White, 420nm Actinic and 460nm Actinic. Most aquarists use a one to one ratio of daylight bulbs to actinic blue bulbs.
T5 Bulbs Reviews
Some hobbyists like their tanks slightly more blue and in this case a one to three ratio of daylight bulbs to actinic blue bulbs is recommended. Daylight bulbs tend to be brighter and can easily offset any blue created by the actinics. Some of the most popular T5 Lighting brands include ATI, Gisemann, UVL and Ice Cap. Each manufacturer has their own take on the different daylight and actinic variations. One of the most popular combinations is a 12,000K daylight bulb combined with two 460nm actinic bulbs and one 420nm actinic bulb. The difference between the 460nm and 420nm bulb is the 460nm cast more blue and is brighter, whereas the 420nm bulb is more purple, but causes more fluorescence in corals.
Now you may be wondering, can I replace the bulb in my normal output fluorescent fixture with a T5 bulb? No, bulbs meant for aquariums are different than bulbs that can be purchased at the hardware store. They also have a higher light output and require a more powerful ballast to light the bulbs.
Here is an image that compares the diameter of the different bulbs. Notice that T5 bulbs require less space, so more bulbs can be placed in a fixture.
T5 Bulbs – Lengths and Wattage
24″ – 24 watts
36″ – 39 watts
48″ – 54 watts
60″ – 80 watts


text:
Louder Than Words: Rock, Power & Politics
801 S 10th St
Exhibit on Display October 12, 2019 – February 2, 2020
Louder Than Words: Rock, Power & Politics looks at some of the most important debates in our country through the lens of rock music. The exhibit includes exclusive video interviews with people such as Bono and Jimmy Carter, and combines them with interactives, photography and artifacts to examine how music has both shaped and reflected our culture norms on eight political topics: Civil Rights, LGBT Issues, Feminism, War & Peace, Censorship, Political Campaigns, Political Causes and International Politics. The exhibit is organized by presidential administrations – from Eisenhower through Trump – and uses historical context to shed insight into how we view these issues today. Examples of artifacts included in the exhibit are:
- Grace Slick's vest from Jefferson Airplane's performance at the Woodstock Music and Arts Fair in 1969
- 1966 Fender Telecaster Electric Guitar belonging to Joe Strummer of The Clash
- Correspondence between the FBI and Priority Records regarding Public Enemy's "Fight the Power"
- Original handwritten lyrics from Bob Dylan's "The Times They Are a- Changin'," Chuck Berry's "School Day," Neil Young's "Ohio," Bruce Springsteen's "Born in the U.S.A" and Green Day's "American Idiot"
- Original Village People stage costumes
- Artifacts related to the Vietnam war, the May 4, 1970 shooting at Kent State, the fall of the Berlin Wall, and the #BlackLivesMatter
Curators from the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame and the Newseum worked with veteran music journalist, author and television producer Bill Flanagan (VH1 Storytellers, CMT Crossroads, CBS News Sunday Morning) to create this unique exhibition.


text:
Home » Wise Guides Blog » Wise Guides samples women's pro soccer and comes out converted... sort of
Wise Guides samples women's pro soccer and comes out converted... sort of
My wife and I took our girls out to see the Chicago Red Stars on Sunday evening (that's women's pro soccer, for the uninitiated), and I was just settling into my seat when I heard a shout... "Andrew Buchanan! Is that you?"
My first thought was, of course, 'Uh oh, what did I do?' Yes, I was with the wife and kids, but when solo or with buddies I've still been known to try to sneak into better seats or smuggle something into the stadium that isn't allowed.
"It's David Quinn with the Red Stars," the man said. "Just want to make sure your seats are ok."
"Yea, good," I said, still a little stunned. My wife asked how I knew that guy. I told her he must be the group ticket dude just checking up on folks, but then remembered I'd only bought six tickets and didn't go through the group office. I did buy the tickets through my daughter's soccer league, so maybe that's how he knew.
Anyway, it was an immediate sign that this wasn't Wrigley Field or any of the other pro sports stadiums in town. In those places it often seems like they almost want you to have a miserable time. I've left games at Soldier Field and half expected an employee to be standing outside shouting "And don't come back!"
At the Red Stars game Mr. Quinn could later be seen leading cheers, and they deliver your tub of popcorn to your seats. My wife went to get some snacks and they just happened to be popping some new corn. After apologizing profusely, the girl at the concession stand said she'd bring the popcorn to our seats. And she did within five minutes.
There was also the nice moment pictured above, when after the game one of the players, upon being told it was my daughter's 5th birthday, pulled her onto the field for a photo. It was the final home game of the season and many of the players lingered long afterward to sign autographs and pose for pictures with fans.
The team also held a sign thanking fans, showing yet again how far this was from the NFL or NBA.
We had arranged to have a birthday message flashed on the big screen for my daughter - for a $35 donation to charity - and were told it would go up at the 35th minute of the game. When that moment came and went with no message, I tracked down a team employee and he was deeply concerned. He apologized several times and said he'd look into it right away. A few minutes later another team employee came to our seats to say the message would run twice in the second half. And it did:
Shortly after that I devoured a delicious plate of nachos that was infinitely better than any nacho-type dish I've eaten at a sporting event anywhere, and I was starting to enjoy this women's soccer thing. And the inspired Red Stars were kicking tail, going up 2-0 and then answering a late Los Angeles Sol goal with one of their own. The final: 3-1.
So we had that going for us, too. I visited the team Web site before the game and learned that the Red Stars actually kind of suck and that the Sol had already clinched the league title and qualified for the playoffs. LA had beaten Chicago 4-0 a month earlier, so maybe they were mailing it in on this night - apparently the women do share something with their male counterparts in pro sports.
I'm somewhat of a soccer novice and share the concern of many Americans about the sport: the lack of freakin' scoring! I mean, the Red Stars had a stretch this season when they scored two goals in nine games. Not two goals each game, two goals total. That may help explain why the team hasn't exactly swept the city off its feet.
Actually, that's kind of a cheap shot. They seated all the fans on one side of Toyota Park, so our side of the stadium was full, and the announced crowd was 7,959, the largest of the year for the Red Stars. Still, it says something when you feel the need to do that. The Marlins don't block off portions of the upper deck at Landshark Stadium because they're afraid somebody will get heat stroke up there.
Toyota Park is the home of the MLS Chicago Fire, and it's a nice place to see a game. The location in suburban Bridgeview leaves much to be desired, but the stadium itself is beautiful and has great sightlines. And for this night, anyway, it had a winning Red Stars team and some happy fans.
I have neither the time nor the inclination to begin following women's pro soccer, but David Quinn and those other earnest team employees will be glad to know this: If the WPS lives to see another year and the Red Stars are back in Toyota Park, we probably will be, too.
Andy Buchanan


text:
Join us for a week of service, leadership, learning and awesomeness, July 7-14, 2019! Take a dive with us into an Urban Plunge mission and service experience in Kansas City. Spread the Word of God, and the love of Jesus by serving Kansas City for the first three days of the trip, July 8-10, 2019. YOUTH 2019—Love Well is for all United Methodist Youth, grades 6-12, and their leaders, happening the second part of the week, July 10-14 at the Kansas City Convention Center.
Important Information:
Welcome letter
Packing List
Daily Schedule
Required Forms:
Each attendee must complete all required forms, and waivers, and present them at event check-in. Youth leaders are responsible for submitting all forms for their group. Failure to turn in required forms at check-in will result in the attendee not being allowed to board the bus. If you are registering without a youth leader, please fax your completed forms to 701-845-0347 by May 30, 2019. All forms may be downloaded below:
Dakotas-Minnesota Area UM Release of Liability Waiver
Medical Information Form - YOUTH Participants only
Medical Information Form - ADULT Participants only
2019 Love Well – Urban Plunge Event Cove
The cost is $800 per person Grades: 6-12 and adult leaders
This fee includes: registration for YOUTH 2019 and Urban Plunge mission experience, the bus trip from the Dakotas Conference to Kansas City, hotel room, meals while in Kansas City, and an event T-shirt. Find promotional videos and other materials here.
CCYM asks that registrations be organized and submitted by youth leaders. Leaders, don't forget to register yourself! All adults attending this event must complete a background check.
Registration Option #1 Register Online - Complete one form per attendee
Registration Option #2 Download the YOUTH 2019 I Urban Plunge Experience Registration Form
Have each attendee complete their form.
Gather all forms for your group and submit them to the Camping office in one of THREE ways:
Scan and email to email@example.com.
Fax to 612-870-1260.
Mail forms to: Dakotas-Minnesota Area Central Camping Office, 122 W Franklin Ave., Suite 400, Minneapolis, MN 55404.
Please DO NOT mail forms or payments to the Dakotas Conference Office. This will delay your registration.
Payment Information:
A deposit of $150 is due at registration.
A second payment of $300 is due May 1, 2019.
A final payment of $350 is due by May 30, 2019.
Payment Options:
There are TWO OPTIONS for making payments:
Please DO NOT mail forms or payments to the Dakotas Conference Office. This will delay your registration.


text:
How to Clean Printer Cartridge Contacts
Having trouble getting your inkjet cartridge to recognize in your printer? Usually cleaning the gold contacts will do the trick! LD Products shows you how to do it right with this handy quick tips video.
• Remove protective clip
• Wipe the gold/copper dots on the cartridge with rubbing alcohol and a cotton swab
• Install into printer
How to Clean a Toner Drum
If your prints are spotty, you may need to clean the toner drum. LD Products shows you how in this handy quick tips video. The drum is extremely sensitive. Only touch the drum with a cloth!!
• Carefully remove the drum unit from the printer
• Place the drum on a flat surface with a paper towel or cloth underneath to prevent toner powder from accidentally spilling onto your desk or carpet
• Gently wipe the drum roller with a dry, lint-free cloth
• Reinstall into your machine and print
Troubleshooting 101: Clean the contacts or clean the print head?
Can't get your ink cartridge to work? The two most common culprits are recognition errors and print quality issues. LD Products shows you how to tackle both in this handy quick tip video.
If your cartridge isn't recognizing in your printer, there might be tape residue or finger print oil on the gold contact points.
• Remove the ink cartridge from machine and locate the gold dots on the side of the cartridge
• Gently clean these contact points with a cotton swab and rubbing alcohol
• Reinstall the cartridge and print, If your print quality is poor, your cartridge's print head may need to be primed. This can happen if a cartridge has been sitting for a while.
• Grab a warm damp paper towel and fold it into quarters
• Hold the print head down onto the damp paper towel for about 30 seconds
• When you remove the cartridge a small pool of ink should be left on the paper towel
• This process wicks out the ink and will usually resolve your print quality issue. If this doesn't work, consult your manual for information on running a cleaning on the printer
How to Clean a Corona Wire on a Brother Drum
Need help cleaning the corona wire on your Brother drum unit? LD Products shows you the ropes in this handy quick tips video.
• Place the drum unit on a flat surface with a paper towel or cloth underneath to prevent toner powder from accidentally spilling onto your desk or carpet
• Carefully remove the drum unit from the printer
• Gently slide the blue tab on the drum back and forth from left to right 8-10 times
• Slide the tab back to its original position
• Insert the drum unit back into machine and close the front cover


text:
ALL SOULS is a corner bar located at 8th and T Streets NW in the Shaw neighborhood of Washington DC. You can find craft beers and interesting wines. Our cocktails are simple, but made with the best ingredients and crafted with care and attention to detail. We offer some small snacks but you're welcome to bring in food or have it delivered. Hang out and enjoy our eclectic jukebox, make new friends at the bar or catch up with old ones in the corner booth.
DAVID BATISTA and JOANNA BRADY have put in over thirty years in the restaurant and hospitality industry, and their experiences range from serving beers in small bars to working alongside James Beard Award winning chefs.
Our goal at All Souls is to provide friendly and attentive service while offering great beer, wine and cocktails in a comfortable environment where all are welcome.


text:
City of AustinFOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Release Date:
An exciting new music partnership for travelers at Austin-Bergstrom International Airport.
Austin musicians Golden-Dawn Arkestra - Photo courtesy of KUTX
AUSTIN, Texas – An exciting new music partnership for travelers at Austin-Bergstrom International Airport has started, featuring local sounds and musicians.
Beginning on Feb. 5, 2019, from the curbside to the concourse, the overhead music now playing throughout the Barbara Jordan Terminal is a live-streamed playlist of all Austin artists, hand-selected by local public radio station KUTX 98.9 FM.
"The minute travelers step off of the plane in Austin they will know that they've arrived in the Live Music Capital of the World," said Michael Pennock, music coordinator for Austin-Bergstrom.
The stream will feature a wide variety of local music, from classic Texas swing, country, rock, pop and hip-hop, explained Pennock, with KUTX adding and updating the playlist on a regular basis.
Coinciding with the City of Austin Music and Entertainment Division and the Austin Music Foundation declaring February "Love Austin Music Month" this partnership will help connect Central Texas musicians to the millions of travelers who pass through the airport each year.
"KUTX is thrilled to partner with our friends at Austin-Bergstrom to spread the gospel of Austin music," said Matt Reilly, program director for KUTX. "Introducing the Austin Music Experience to a global audience will further strengthen this cultural and economic pillar of our city."
For travelers who like what they hear when at Austin-Bergstrom, they can learn more about the artists at http://kutx.org/austin-music-experience/kutx-at-the-airport.
To learn more about the partnership, as well as the other music programs at Austin-Bergstrom, visit: http://www.austintexas.gov/department/live-music-air-airport
The airport of choice for Central Texas is Austin-Bergstrom International Airport (AUS). New nonstop international flights include Calgary, Canada (YYC) on WestJet www.westjet.com; Frankfurt, Germany (FRA) on Lufthansa www.lufthansa.com; London Gatwick, United Kingdom (LGW) on Norwegian Air, www.norwegian.com/us; and Mexico City, Mexico (MEX) on AeroMexico, www.aeromexico.com. Austin also welcomes new carrier Spirit Airlines launching Feb. 14, 2019, www.spirit.com. Find all nonstop routes with the free interactive flight guide on www.abia.org. Connect with us on Twitter, @AUStinAirport, Facebook, www.facebook.com/abia and on Instagram, @AUSairport.


text:
The winds of change are blowing through the hallowed halls of academia and the effect on what students are taught and how the information is conveyed will impact all. Not since the post World War II era have there been such major changes in the way that institutions of higher learning educate. Several factors have contributed to the change. Some of the most notable are the blurring of physical boundaries of a university through the use of web-based instruction, the emphasis on cross-disciplinary training and the need for a more global perspective in thinking. Being a multi-disciplinary curriculum designed to face the challenges of pollutants that readily cross international boundaries environmental engineering and science (EES) education is directly impacted by these changes.
Of the many engineering specialties, environmental engineering may be the most diverse in the ethnicity and gender of its professionals. With this diversity, come differences in perspective that may account for the great adaptability in the past and bodes well for future changes. Environmental engineering students come from numerous disciplinary backgrounds, particularly in graduate school. However, the makeup of engineering major populations is much less diverse than actually seen in our society.
By the time they enter college, only two percent of first-year female students say that they intend to major in engineering while nine percent of male students list engineering as their probable field of study. Of the 1999 M.S. degrees awarded environmental engineering, 3.2, 3.9, and 35 percent went to Hispanic, African Americans and women respectively, compared to 2.7, 2.8 and 20.5 percent for all M.S. engineering degrees1. Of all the Ph.D.s awarded in engineering 14.7 percent are awarded to women, 1.6 percent to Hispanics, and 2.0 percent to African Americans compared to 24.3, no data available and 1.9 percent in environmental engineering2. The data would indicate that enrollment of women in many graduate and undergraduate programs is among the highest population of the engineering professions.
Just what is an environmental engineer? What is an environmental scientist? The answer is not simple. It is a point of contention with many. Historically, environmental engineers evolved from sanitary engineers responsible for water and wastewater treatment operations. Sanitary engineers were begot from civil engineers with the mission of engineering solutions for the people. The table of contents of an environmental engineering textbook might include water and wastewater treatment, solid waste, air pollution, hazardous waste, industrial ecology and noise pollution. Woven throughout many texts are explanations of federal regulations stipulating compliance requirements, many of which were promulgated due to pollution problems created from human activities.
And what is an environmental scientist? Their textbooks are more likely to emphasize principles of resource conservation, populations and ecology (in addition to the other topics), but presented in more qualitative terms and without the engineering design components. It is not surprising that we usually educate engineers and scientists separately. When you examine the faculty of EES programs, you are likely to find scientists and engineers with very diverse backgrounds. It is common to find biologists, chemists, chemical engineers, civil engineers and other types purporting to be environmental engineers or scientists. Reaching consensus in program direction can be a challenge with so many perspectives to consider.
The future is likely to see a continuation in this trend of crossover among the disciplines. A diverse faculty will likely result in greater student diversity. Diversity in academic disciplines, gender and ethnicity will continue to be fueled by research and education programs that encourage this movement. A significant amount of funding is being directed to the K-12 education to increase the number of students capable of and interested in advanced studies in engineering and science. The current downward spiral in the number of students electing to pursue engineering and science degrees in college will hopefully be reversed as this pool of students comes of age. The environmental arena has always attracted a diverse population of students (in terms of disciplinary interests) and will likely continue to do so in the future. However, there is a need to improve the recruitment of minority students to the profession. It takes a multitude of diverse people and skills to solve environmental problems. While envir
onmental engineering programs have a common fundamental basis, each will have their own unique strengths and emphases (at both the graduate and undergraduate levels). Such diversity can be seen as an asset to the profession.
Over the course of the last two years, the Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors (AEESP) sponsored a workshop (1998) and a conference (1999) on the future of environmental engineering with emerging needs for the profession. Although AEESP passed a resolution identifying the Master of Science degree as the first professional degree for entry into the practice of environmental engineering, it still considers undergraduate education an important aspect of its mission. Meanwhile, several baccalaureate programs of environmental engineering have been developed and are being accredited. There are now 23 universities that offer such programs, including Manhattan College, Northwestern University and the University of California Riverside. Graduate and undergraduate programs are being developed that make course material available through the Internet particularly appealing to the busy professional desiring continuing education. A critical objective of the educational process is tha
t the curriculum must prepare students for both current and emerging areas.
In order to prepare future environmental engineers and scientists for the complex and challenging issues posed by a hopefully sustainable society, we must provide them with tools and skills that will adapt to the vicissitudes of a dynamic career. In general, curricula are based on a solid foundation of mathematics, natural sciences, engineering science and engineering design. Although applications often change, fundamental principles do not. A reductionist teaching approach that highlights the solution of problems through the application of first principles is often efficacious in preparing thoughtful adaptive engineers. At the undergraduate level and perhaps even at an early graduate (MS) level, we can segregate the knowledge that should be conveyed into three general categories.
Mass and energy balances (with appropriate reaction terms). Certainly this material could be the subject of many courses. If properly presented, students would see similarities in everything from natural and engineering processes to population dynamics to epidemiology to industrial ecology. In its essence, this material becomes various applications of thermodynamics and perhaps Newton's laws (if force and moment balances are also required, as with hydrodynamics).
Uncertainty in data. Understanding the appropriate uses and limitations of data is absolutely critical in environmental decision making. This subject matter is centered on a solid understanding of probability and statistics and should focus on confidence intervals, extreme value problems, correlation and causation, parameter estimations and sensitivity analysis, among other topics. Statistics are commonly unused or misapplied. Engineers and scientists must have a solid understanding of the quality and implications of their data.
Metrics of decisions. Metrics must be understood and appreciated how do we make decisions when we try to balance many incommensurable parameters? The most common approach to quantifying decision-making processes is through the use of economics. Both environmental and engineering economics should be covered so that costs and benefits can be best understood and appropriate decisions made.
Of course, the first principles approach must be tempered with appropriate applications to design (generally thought to separate engineers from scientists). The education system must not only expose students to these areas and hope they will be perceptive enough to see how these topics are related to the ultimate goal of sustainable development. Faculties must assume responsibility for showing students how to bring everything together as systems integrating professionals. They must also show students how to work with other important disciplines (toxicologists, lawyers, social scientists, etc.) and imbue them with a strong sense of social responsibility. Engineers have not often been present at the table when decisions or policies have been made or established by non-technical professionals such as politicians, lawyers and economists. For us to eventually realize a sustainable techno-society, engineers must assume a more prominent role in societal leadership.
This approach would be broadly extensible, long-lived, appropriate and could be used in addressing important environmental topics today and in the future (day to day practice e.g. a publicly owned treatment work design global warming, sustainable development, transboundary pollution, methyl tertiary butyl ether MTBE, resistant pathogens, etc.) Most curricula are based on a set of foundation courses that remain fairly constant, adjusted as progress is made in our depth of understanding or new problems are identified. However, incorporating the concept of sustainable management will likely require the development of new courses and/or modifications to existing ones. Environmental engineering and science programs can take advantage of the recently recognized need to cross-train or provide more interdisciplinary training to engineering and science students. Most programs have responded to industry's cry for students with better communication skills, although developing such skills under administration impo
sed curriculum hours is a constant battle. Environmental engineers and scientists need to be socially aware and sensitive, politically astute and skilled communicators who can integrate all stakeholders in the decision making process.
The Internet can be both a tremendous asset to education and a fiendish threat. Course Web sites can provide students 24-hour access to assignments, chat rooms, solutions, example tests and more, eliminating tedious hours spent outside a professor's door waiting to ask questions. Administrators argue in favor of the cost effectiveness of Web-based courses that reduce the number of faculty needed at a given location. Interactive television is another option available for course offerings. As remarkable as televideo systems are, it is not the same as being in the same room as the lecturer. Can the Socratic lecture style adapt to the web or should it be done away with altogether? Does the actual face-to-face interaction with a professor really make a difference? The answer is yes to both. Electronic media can enhance the educational process and be integrated into curriculum. However, televideo classrooms and the Internet are not yet equal to high quality, traditional instruction. The trick is to capitalize o
n the best of both and to avoid depriving students of the quality education they deserve in spite of attractive economic incentives.
In January 1998, the National Science Foundation sponsored an AEESP workshop attended by leaders in environmental engineering and science. Four major areas of research-need were identified3 including complex systems, sustainable management, analytical (micro) tools and new process technologies. In August 1999, AEESP hosted a research conference focused on these four areas with a combination of platform speakers, posters, and break sessions. The next step is to incorporate into undergraduate and/or graduate curriculum appropriate aspects of the emerging areas not already covered.
It can be argued that all human activities and therefore all technological advancements impact the environment. As such, any potential development should be evaluated with consideration to the potential environmental impact. This is certainly the foundation of 'green engineering' and whole life cycle analysis. Where we concerned ourselves with end-of-pipe problems in the past, we now are looking up the pipeline and into the plant to prevent the problem before it is created. In the past, the emphasis was on what might be considered reactive topics. For example, it was the lack of clean water that created the need for treatment plants. And so it is with other environmental problems, a situation was created and solutions were sought. Today we are poised to assume a more proactive role. Ironically, some of the most pressing environmental issues have us going back to our roots of origin and public health issues.
It is predicted that the single factor to limit future global growth and development will be water. A global water crisis is predicted. Water quality has deteriorated with blame to be shared by industry, agriculture, non-point run-off from cities and over-population. Chemicals are being classified as chemicals of concern, disinfection by-products, biologically active agents, bioaccumulative compounds, regulatory chemicals and endocrine disrupters. There is evidence that pharmaceutical chemicals such as hormone replacement drugs and chemotherapy compounds released from the body may not be completely eliminated by standard wastewater treatment practices resulting in their discharge to the environment. Some studies indicate that nanogram concentrations can result in hormonal changes to indigenous animal populations. The fear is that these chemicals could enter drinking water supplies, groundwater or surface water and further expose the human population. Should such fears play out, process design modifications
will be necessary for our water and wastewater treatment facilities. All water is recycled. There is a relatively constant quantity of water on our planet. Some argue that it is the rate of recycle that is accelerating due to increased human activities. As drinkable water becomes scarce, it will become more valuable.
Sir Isaac Newton taught us that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. If an aberration is caused in one part of the ecosystem, will there be repercussions in other parts? Understanding complex systems adequately to effectively manage our activities and engineer appropriate solutions is a challenge that continues to elude us. Complex systems include: the urban atmosphere; lakes, oceans and coastal waters; and underground (subsurface) settings. Although these systems vary in size and character, each system is held together by a web of biological, physical and chemical interactions that govern reactions and transport processes within the system. The engineers and scientists of the future must be able to apply analytical and problem-solving skills to understand these complex environmental systems and be able to implement strategies for repair. The need for multi-disciplinary teams is an absolute requirement in understanding complex systems. Until we learn to look beyond the boundaries of ou
r disciplines, we will continue to overlook or not recognize the ramifications of our actions.
The American public should be proud of the vast improvements made to the health of their environment in the last 25 years. The environmental fad of the 1970s appears to have lasted longer than many would have predicted. Indeed, the U.S. environmental consciousness continues to be raised and an improvement in the overall quality of life for the masses is a goal for all environmental engineers and scientists. Education is the cornerstone for advancement. Educators should listen to the public, industry, regulators and other stakeholders, but avoid the temptation to leap to curriculum changes for the chemical du jour. Broad based training in the fundamental principles ensures the longevity and adaptability of an individual's career. The greatest changes are being made to how we teach. More effective tools are being brought to the hands of educators to benefit students. The ability to adapt to a changing world in response to its needs is key to ensuring the health and well being of the human race and planet ear
This article appeared in Environmental Protection, Volume 11, Number 9,
September 2000, Page 18.
Click here to post comments about this topic and read what others have to say.
This article originally appeared in the 09/01/2000 issue of Environmental Protection.


text:
Tuesday, December 27, 2016
Bletia patula Graham 1836, a vigorous plant with cerulean flowers
This plant is a variant of the normally pink flowered species. It was found in a vacant lot that was going to be cleaned along with plants of the typical form. It has proven to be a floriferous and vigorous grower. This species is not difficult to grow as long as you replicate the way they grow in the wild. They grow in places where, when it rains, the water percolates quickly and the ground doesn't stay soping wet.
No comments:
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
Ok, before I get to the recipe, it's time to bore you with a little love history about Valentine's Day and while I'm at it, Harlequins. I just love how the harlequin theme combined with Valentine's day is so full of romance! Who knew? Remember reading Harlequin Romances with a flashlight under your covers when you were a teenager? Well, I think I know why they named those books Harlequin. The Harlequin, or Arlecchino in Italian, was the Zanni (where the English word Zany originates), or the comic servant in Italian Commedia dell'arte. It was kind of an outdoor improvisational theater in the 16th century. The harlequin was dressed in tights and multicolored diamond patterned clothing, made from patches and rags, and he was depicted as the gluttonous buffoon. Of course, being a clever acrobatic athletic type, he always had a love interest and would try to win any lady for himself if he chanced upon someone else trying to woo her. He did this by interrupting or ridiculing the competition. Men still do this today, don't they? Maybe that's why we buy them those popular colorful argyle sweaters for Christmas! Linking the Harlequin idea with Valentine's Day is becoming clear as the diamonds in that necklace you are hoping for, isn't it?
Well, as for the story of Valentine's Day itself, leave it to those Romans once again. Saint Valentine (Valentio) was a Roman who was killed for his faith on February 14, 269 A.D. He had refused to worship pagan gods, and was arrested and incarcerated for marrying young Christian lovers in secret. In 496, his 'saint day' was established. Folklore tells us he is also associated with love because he fell in love with the daughter of his jailer, and would pass notes to her. His final note, before they lopped off his head at his execution, read 'from your Valentini'. How 'bout that? Now you have a romantic tale to tell your sweetheart over this yummy Harlequin Pasta Salad. Maybe leave out that little detail about Valentini's head being removed, not appetizing. I can tell you this, Dr. Love was so smitten with my pasta salad and my Scheherazade-like tales of romance he was tempted to take the rest of the day off after lunch. I told him to get back to work because he'll need the money to buy me those roses, jewelry and chocolates for the big day.
And now the recipe for the love lunch:
Insalata de Cuori dell Amore Arlecchina
Heart Shaped Harlequin Pasta Salad
- 1 lb of heart shaped pasta or any tri colored short shaped pasta (farfalle, rotini, etc.), cooked al dente, rinsed, drained and slightly cooled.
- Bless their sweet little hearts…
- ¼ cup of feta cheese, crumbled
- 1/2 cup each of whatever chopped colorful vege you have, the more the merrier.
- 1/4 cup sliced kalamata or black olives
- 1/2 cup of diced red onion
- 1/4 cup julienned sun dried tomatoes
(Let's face it, this is your chance to use all those raw veges in the fridge you swore would be your only snack all week. That was until they were forgotten when you needed those potato chips to get you through the drama of watching the latest bachelorettes duke it out on The Bachelor. Aaah, romance.)
- 1 can of cannellini or kidney beans (Dr. Love would ask "Where's the protein?" if I didn't add this ingredient.)
Combine all ingredients and gently fold in dressing. (recipe below) Cover and refrigerate for an hour or two. You might need a little more dressing as it absorbs while chilling.
The Dressing
1/4 Cup red wine vinegar
1/3 cup extra virgin olive oil
A couple sprinkles of herbs de Provence (doesn't that sound romantic? Or dried oregano and basil
Salt and pepper to taste
Combine all ingredients in a cruet and shake your money maker, whoops I mean the bottle.
- Oh, Be Still My Heart…Harlequin Pasta in a Valentine Bowl
Happy Valentine's Day!
Tags: harlequins, hearts, pasta, pasta salad, valentine's day


text:
By Scott Davis
Calero World Online 2017 has officially come to an end. What an exciting time it's been to partner with innovative companies and speakers to share valuable insights and meaningful information. Thank you to all guest presenters and to everyone around the globe who joined us over the past few weeks. Without you, this event would not be possible. I'm thrilled to say that we had our largest audience in attendance yet– and look forward to setting a new record next year!
As we close the doors on 2017, I thought it would be fun to highlight a few of our favorite sessions from industry analysts and organizations like Gartner and TEMIA. If you didn't get a chance to attend all of them, I encourage to check them out on demand when you have a chance.
Kicking off the event was Keynote speaker, Lisa Unden-Farboud, Research Director for Gartner. Lisa shared her insights around current and emerging trends in the communications and IT arena, the challenges they present and how Telecom Expense Management (TEM) fits into the bigger picture. Enterprise IT organizations are looking to TEM vendors for help in addressing the challenges around the shift to Op-Ex business models, increased use of bandwidth and mobile data usage, digitalization and IoT. Many TEM vendors have responded by adding more capabilities to their platforms like integration with ITSM, ITFM and EMM providers.
TEMIA: Maximizing Your Strategic Value Impact with ICT Inventory Management
Joe Basili, Director of TEMIA, co-hosted a session with Calero's Larry Foster that looked at trends impacting IT budget and ways organizations are addressing the challenges created by the growth of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) services.
Are You Data Rich, but Insight Poor? Turn Enterprise Data into Information You Can Use
Data is meaningless unless you can make sense of it. Only when this data is processed, organized or presented in a meaningful way does the data become informational. Jay Schaefer, a Calero Technical Solutions Consultant, demonstrated the power of our Calero VeraSMART tools, which can help enterprises unlock critical communications data residing in their organizations. View the recording here.
Again, thank you for another great year. We hope you feel informed and more inspired than ever to Achieve More with your Calero solution. In case you missed any sessions, you can watch them at your own leisure on demand.
Calero World Online 2018 will be here before we know it. Sign up to receive notifications when registration is available. We look forward to seeing you next year!
Technological development moves notoriously fast in this day and age, especially with information and communications technologies. As platforms mature, new and existing technologies combine, evolve...
Is your enterprise leveraging the latest innovations in communications technology and tools? Check out The Top 10 Trends that are Transforming Enterprise Communications infographic below....
Worldwide telecommunication spending is projected to reach $1.6 trillion by 2018, according to Statistica, but many organizations have a hard time managing communication spend. The...


text:
2,000+ Club Stays Open 24/7
Want to bill more than 2,000 hours a year? It's not as hard as it seems –just be at your desk by 7 a.m., don't take a lunch and limit personal Internet usage to no more than 15 minutes a day.
And if someone stops by to chat about a nonwork-related matter, tell the person that you're headed to a meeting, even if you're not.
"I might just tell them to leave, especially if it's a good friend of mine," says an Arizona litigation associate, who last year billed 2,200 hours. Like the other high billers interviewed, she prefers not to be named. That might be because her class's average billable hours for 2003 were 1,900.
Case assignments partially explain why she billed approximately 300 hours a year more than her colleagues, this associate says. But time management also contributed. It's a skill many in the over-2,000 club have mastered.
Nosing around for work also helps, says a New York City corporate associate who generally bills 2,400 hours a year. He frequently calls partners in a variety of different locations to check in and inquire how certain transactions are going. Often, that results in the partner assigning him work.
"It's a bit of sourcing internal clients, if you will," the associate explains. "It doesn't matter what the first task is. Once you're associated with the project, in my experience you're on the deal."
Back in the late 1990s, when there was more work for mergers and acquisitions attorneys, he usually billed between 2,700 and 2,800 hours a year. At the time he was volunteering to do any assignments because he wanted to set himself apart from the other associates. But that didn't mean it wasn't hard work.
"When there's a full weekend a month that you're not getting any sleep, that just sucks," he says.
A Personal Price
But maintaining such a heavy schedule did take a toll on this associate's personal life. During his highest-billing phase, he got a divorce. He says his wife's displeasure with his long hours was partially to blame. Now remarried, he says his second wife is more understanding of his work schedule.
Not all spouses object to long hours, of course. And that's good news for Andrew Struve, a Los Angeles litigation associate who in 2003 billed 3,060 hours and does not mind being named for his accomplishment.
"I think she recognizes that this is something I like to do, and she wants me to be happy," he says of his spouse, a real estate executive.
"A job is not like an infliction. It's something to be celebrated," Struve adds. "All too often the conception is that the spouse suffers, but that seems to me to be too focused on the concept of [working long hours] being something negative."
In practice since 1998, the 3,000 range is common for him. His work has led to a merit promotion from his law firm, allowing him to skip one class year.
"It was not really the billables that triggered a level increase," he says, but also supposedly things such as quality and client-firm service.
Struve usually gets to his West Los Angeles office by 7 a.m. The early start allows for uninterrupted work. "You can get a lot more careful thought done before the telephone starts ringing," he says.
He generally has a working lunch and limits personal Internet usage "to a minute or two, literally," to check on his stocks. And Struve never chats on the phone unless it's with a client. "If I want to chat, I can do it all through the week on my cell phone. I've got unlimited minutes," he says. He uses drive-time to make personal calls, but admits he also squeezes in client call-backs. "You can do billable hours from the San Diego Freeway," he says. "It's a way to be productive in an otherwise unproductive time."
ABA Successes in Congress
Intelligent Competition


text:
|proudly and happily showing off my
Rotterdam Marathon 2014
relay marathon finisher's medal
|Happily Running towards my #SocialMile
@Meeùs Run Club team mate to pass on the relay ribbon, ecstatic to finish my lap of the marathon
|from left to right, Ron (Pinky's better half), Chantor (creator of Social Mile), Pinky, moi and Kim (Chantor's partner)
Participating in Rotterdam Marathon's 34th edition was very memorable for many reasons.
First memorable reason is Pinky, a good friend, and blogger behind Run Laugh Eat Pie, invited me to be one of the members of her relay team! We finally ran together! I'll be writing about our "running connection", the spirit of sisterhood we share, and about how our friendship grew in another blog.
Second, this is the first time I ran with the Social Mile crew. I will write about this running crew in another blog. All I can say for now is that they are an awesome, inspiring, positive group of people!
Third, we were all there as moral support to Ron, Pinky's better half, who ran his first marathon ever and smashed it!
Fourth, we all ran via the Meeùs Run Club, which is always a great experience because of how organized their runs are, and how pampered runners feel before, during and post run! This is the third time I ran a sponsored run via Meeùs.
Fifth it was my
Running to be strong for daily life has always been my main goal but as time passed by, this goal often conflicts with the growing need to be faster. The latter is influenced by outside factors more than it being a personal need.
This brings me to the core of this blogpost, which is about how I found a new energetic fuel to keep my love alive for running free from outside factors.
When I say, new energetic fuel, I meant of course new goals!
Recently, I switched my 2014 running goal of running 14 half marathons to running 14 10Ks.
|2014 Running Challenge via Jill Conyers
Since running the 5K in Zandvoort, I have been going through an emotional roller coaster - too many rapid highs and lows, which has not been helping me personally in regards to my resolve of training more consistently to be a stronger runner.
Most of the source of my highs and lows are personal stressors, details of which I can't discuss openly.
What I have openly, and recurrently discussed here in my blog is my general daily battles with manic-depression, which is one of the many reasons that I started with running.
I strongly believe in the strength of empowering one self through healthy active lifestyle: keeping things simple, balanced and being mindful of how one lives. Following all these, I feel empowers most.
I am not always successful keeping things simple, balanced or being completely mindful. Learning to have them as guidelines has been an enormous help in my daily life.
What I have learned from my most recent extreme high and low phase - I can utilize my mental disability to take better care of myself.
I love what running has given me. It has given me so much hope to a more stable, fulfilling life.
IF I make healthier, simpler, more balanced and mindful choices, running would further bring me peace.
Each blog in the coming weeks, months will hopefully illustrate clearly what I mean. :)
In this blog, I am recording my choice to run more 10K events this year to not only improve my speed, but reconnect to what brought me to those other reasons why I started with running in the first place.
Below is the tentative list of 10K events I will be running. The list will be updated as time goes by.
|A favorite collage created to remember my "fastest" PR
in 10K in June, 2012
during Utregse Meidenloop 2012
I have been running almost a year then...
01/ 19.01.14 40th edition Vondelpark Run DONE 1:10:25
02/ 06.04.14 Spierenvoorspieren Cityrun DONE 1:08:40
03/ 13.04.14 Marathon Rotterdam (as part of the Social Mile relay team sponsored by Meeùs ) DONE 1:10:30
05/ 18.05.14 Marikenloop (background blog 2 follow!) still PR to beat from 2013: 1:01:40 DONE 1:11:23 (HOT/started stressed because my Nike+ Sportswatch did not start at all. Turned it of at after 1 km, and used stopwatch to manually time my pace)
06 /07.06.14 WOTN Nike Running Nederland (registered) PR to beat from 2013: 1:03:23 DONE 1:12:45
July - September train to do 10K/under 60 mins ???
09/ 05.09.14 Muiderslotloop (registration on the day itself)
10/ 07.09.14 Tilburg Ten Miles (sponsored by Meeùs)
11/ 05.10.14 Stichting de Bredase Singelloop (sponsored by Meeùs)
12/ 12.10.14 Sloterplasloop (need to register - 79th edition…check it out before the 80th…)
13/ 09.11.14 Olympic Stadium (Amsterdam)loop (need to register)
14/ December 2014 In search of a 10K event to end the year with a #14TenK bang! :D
What is your 2014 running goal(s)? Did you set your goal(s) even before 2013 year ended, like I did? Has it changed in Spring, like it did for me?
What fuels you to keep on running beside having goals?
I'm looking forward to hearing from you!
***The list does not include the other distances i.e. all running events (5K, 15K, half and full marathon) I will be running this year***


text:
Our lines are open:Mo till Fr, from 8 am to 7 pm
Service Hotline: Phone: +49 (0)9931 4058-902
Consulting: Phone: +49 (0)9931 4058-912
Workshops: Phone: +49 (0)9931 4058-981
Sharpening advice: Phone: +49 (0)9931 4058-971
Prices with or without VAT?
Discover Workshops now
Our bright and perfectly equipped workshop centres are a paradise for any craftsperson. The inspiring surrounding contributes to your creativity and recreation. Further information and accommodation.
We assign instructors from all around the world. All of them are outstandingly competent both in terms of professional skills and didactic expertise. Further information about our workshop instructors.
The on-site restaurant caters for diverse and delicious daily meals made from fresh ingredients. Coffee, cake and beverages are provided free of charge during the course.
The course contents are carefully documented and handed out to the participants. None of the valuable know-how will be lost.
Unless indicated otherwise, our courses start at 9 am. The regular duration of a course day is 8 hours.
For this purpose we will provide questionnaires at the end of each course.


text:
I missed my weekly update last week because I was out of the country, but I did have two normally scheduled SebaSM Comics during my trip, and two more new comics this week too!
Today's update is Bizarro Twins appropriate, since it's vaguely inspired by Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor, which I saw this week at the Metropolitan Opera. Not based on any of the big iconic moments really, just some old school relationship stuff as seen through a 21st century lens, of course… Here's a clip from the Met's production in a previous season with Natalie Dessay:


text: The two have temporarily been named Xena and Gabrielle While observing the new "planet" from Hawaii last month, a team of astronomers led by Michael Brown of the California Institute of Technology spotted a faint object trailing next to it. Because it was moving, astronomers ruled it was a moon and not a background star, which is stationary. The moon discovery is important because it can help scientists determine the new planet's mass. In July, Brown announced the discovery of an icy, rocky object larger than Pluto in the Kuiper Belt, a disc of icy bodies beyond Neptune. Brown labelled the object a planet and nicknamed it Xena after the lead character in the former TV series Xena: Warrior Princess. Definition of planet By determining the moon's distance and orbit around Xena, scientists can calculate how heavy Xena is. The faster a moon goes around a planet, the more massive a planet is. But the newly discovered moon, nicknamed Gabrielle after Xena's faithful travelling sidekick in the TV series, probably will not quell the debate over what exactly is a planet and whether Pluto should keep its status. The problem is there is no official definition for a planet, and setting standards such as size limits potentially invites other objects to take the "planet" label. Possessing a moon is not a criteria of planethood since Mercury and Venus are moonless planets. Brown said he had expected to find a moon orbiting Xena because many Kuiper Belt objects are paired with moons. The moon is about 250km wide and 60 times fainter than Xena, the farthest-known object in the solar system. It is 14.5 billion km away from the sun, or about three times Pluto's distance from the sun. Origins Scientists believe Xena's moon was formed when Kuiper Belt objects collided with one another. The Earth's moon is said to have been formed in a similar way, when the Earth crashed into an object the size of Mars. Xena's moon was first spotted by a 10-metre telescope at the Keck Observatory in Hawaii on 10 September. Scientists expect to learn more about the moon's composition during observations with the Hubble Space Telescope in November. Brown planned to submit a paper describing the moon discovery to the Astrophysical Journal next week. The International Astronomical Union, a group of scientists responsible for naming planets, is deciding on formal names for Xena and Gabrielle. SOURCE: Agencies


text:
The Kentucky Derby® is without a doubt America's most iconic horse racing event, appropriately known as "The Most Exciting Two Minutes in Sport". It is the first leg of the prestigious Triple Crown™ which is consists of three races, Kentucky Derby®, Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes. Immerse yourself amongst 170,000 racing fans with an Official Ticket Package through Derby Experiences, for unmatched excitement at the 2018 Kentucky Derby®.
We are here to break down every Official Ticket Package available to you in a 21-part series to ensure you select the one that will give you an unforgettable experience.
To kick off this series, we are going to start in the Grandstand with Grandstand Aqua.
Grandstand Aqua Official Ticket Package
By choosing Grandstand Aqua you will enjoy 3rd floor, stadium-style, uncovered seating within the Grandstand section of Churchill Downs®. Located in section 328, this seating selection provides guests with views of both the starting line and final turn as thoroughbreds race into the final stretch towards the finish line. Along with impeccable views and access into Sunny's Halo Lounge, Grandstand Aqua includes a VIP Fast Access Pass, On-site Trip Directors and options to add accommodations.
Sunny's Halo Lounge
Sunny's Halo Lounge is the perfect in-track hospitality venue for those looking to not miss a beat of the horse racing action. Located on the rooftop of sections 326-328, it's merely steps away from your seats for you to enjoy this outside, open seating venue. Offering a one-time lunch buffet with beer, wine & soft drinks, snacks for purchase, celebrity jockey meet & greets, and a live betting parlor, guests find themselves having a truly spectacular Kentucky Derby® experience.
Add Travel and Accommodations to Your Package
Get the most out of your trip to Louisville, Kentucky by adding hotel accommodations to our package. Derby Experiences offers a handful of hotel option, which included transportation to and from Churchill Downs® on race day. Choose from multiple transportation options one time from each of hotel location and back from Churchill Downs®, including Motorcoach Transportation or upgrade to Semi-Private Transportation or a Private Vehicle. For those driving to Churchill Downs® we offer a secure lot Parking Pass at our Silk Lot for convenient parking. Hotel options are located throughout East, Northeast, South and Downtown Louisville. Derby Experiences ensures that any hotel and/or transportation options you choose, will meet and exceed the needs of you and your group.
Want More Information?
Derby Experiences is the ONLY Official Partner of Churchill Downs® and guarantees that your Kentucky Derby® tickets are packaged with exclusives and extras that you cannot obtain from anywhere else. We are a full-service travel company that provides unmatched benefits and unparalleled access to the Kentucky Derby®. Direct from Churchill Downs®, we provide an unforgettable VIP experience to the 2018 Kentucky Derby®.
Interested in this specific package and want to hear more? We've got you covered. Fill out the form or give us a call at 888.384.7088 and we will assign you to an expert sales rep that can answer any and all of your questions!


text:
Comey's Handling Of Hillary Clinton Shows Us He's No Hero
The former FBI director James Comey's higher loyalty isn't to justice or to our institutions. It's to his own self-preservation.
IG Report Proves Andrew McCabe's Firing Was Justified
Andrew McCabe and Democrats maintain McCabe's firing was part of President Trump's attack on the FBI. That's not what this inspector general report shows.
Mueller Investigator Personally Represented Ben Rhodes, Clinton Foundation
An investigator involved in special counsel Robert Mueller's team investigating President Trump personally represented the Clinton Foundation and was Ben Rhodes's attorney.
What We Know About The Russia-Clinton Uranium One Deal So Far Is Crazy Enough
This massive global corruption case implicates the very U.S. presidential candidate who projected similar nefarious activities onto her opponent.
Clinton Foundation Refuses To Return Donations From Harvey Weinstein
Harvey Weinstein wrote a lot of checks to women he allegedly sexually harassed, abused, and raped. He also wrote a lot of checks to the Clinton Foundation.
We Already Know 'What Happened,' Hillary
Hillary Clinton has a new 'tell-all' memoir, 'What Happened.' The problem is that we all know exactly what happened in 2016: She lost to Donald Trump.
Comey Didn't Sink Hillary. Hillary Sank Hillary
If Hillary Clinton lost because of the James Comey letter, she deserved it. The FBI director had no choice but to send it to Congress.
7 Companies That Pulled Bill O'Reilly Ads Gave Money To Bill Clinton's Tax-Free Group
At least seven companies that pulled ads from Bill O'Reilly's show following reports of sexual harassment suits against him nonetheless gave up to $6.6 million to Bill Clinton's personal tax-free foundation.
The GOP Should Not Use Their Power To Shield Big Donors From Competition
If the GOP proves itself to be the flip side of the same old coin, the next elections won't turn out as well for them as the one that just concluded.
If The Clinton Foundation Was So Great, Why Aren't Democrats Pushing Donations Now?
Liberals spent the 2016 presidential campaign defending the Clinton's questionable foundation dealings. But post-election, their interest has waned.
Is Donald Trump Already Squishing On His Promise To Investigate Hillary?
'I don't want to hurt them, I don't want to hurt them. . . They're good people.'
FBI Director: We Still Think Hillary Clinton Shouldn't Be Indicted For Her Email Server
FBI Director James Comey announced the agency hasn't changed its position from its July announcement that Hillary Clinton shouldn't face criminal charges.
People Googling Hillary Clinton Really Want To Know When She'll Be Indicted
According to Google, voters want to know how old Hillary Clinton is, how much money she has, and when she'll be indicted by federal law enforcement authorities.
E-mails Reveal DOJ Official Leaked Info To Clinton Campaign Chairman John Podesta
A DOJ official responsible for keeping Congress up to date about the re-opened probe into Hillary Clinton's e-mails appears to have leaked information to John Podesta.
13 Times Hillary Clinton Was A Truly 'Nasty Woman'
It's not sexist to say that Hillary Clinton is a nasty woman, because it's the truth.
The 5 Most Outrageous Hillary Clinton Lies From The Last Debate
Since Donald Trump's debate statements will be comprehensively fact-checked by the entire indignant media, let's talk about Hillary Clinton.
Is The Clinton Or Trump Foundation A Bigger Shell Game?
At offering Americans a 'fair shake,' neither tax-exempt organization measures up. Unfortunately, coverage of the two foundations is also often unfair.
6 Things That Made The Veep Debate Better Than Trump's And Clinton's
Take a delightful trip to an alternate reality where two prepared, and seemingly pleasant people are running for president. Their names are Kaine and Pence.
Clinton Foundation Spent Less Than 6 Percent On Charitable Grants In 2014
The Clinton Foundation spent barely 6 percent of its budget on charitable grants in 2014, even as its revenues increased 20 percent compared to 2013.
The Media's Russia Policy In 8 Words: If A Republican's For It, We Hate It
The New York Times is alarmed by Trump's friendliness with Russia. It's weird, considering their freakout when Mitt Romney called Russia a geopolitical foe.
- Girl Slaughtered After Her Alleged Rapist Was Released From Jail Over COVID ConcernsAn alleged rapist killed his accuser after being releascontinue reading >
- Your Rundown Of What Happened In The Latest Court Hearing On Michael Flynn's CaseFor nearly four hours Tuesday, the full D.C. Circuit Cocontinue reading >
- FLASHBACK: Kamala Harris Said She Believed Biden's Sexual Harassment Accusers'I believe them and I respect them being able to tell tcontinue reading >


text:
Production Engineer
Would you like to work for a leading designer, developer and manufacturer of specialised components and subsystems? They are seeking a Production Engineer to contribute to the strategic growth of the business, delivering consistent capability and improved capacity to their manufacturing processes.
Key responsibilities -
+ Work with manufacturing and supply teams on all issues and problems of a technical nature, driving these to full root cause with sustainable corrective actions in place;
+ Assist manufacturing in creating balanced lines with the flexibility to change dependant on the production requirements;
+ Write and review process FMEA & control plans and complete Risk Assessments, close the loop on identified actions;
+ Plan and control the execution of manufacturing change from concept to production acceptance for process improvements and trials through permits, concessions, SWI's etc;
+ Creation of assembly jigging design intent and implementation in to production;
+ Control the introduction of new parts and tools into the manufacturing environment;
+ Challenge conventions in order to ensure continuous improvements, especially with regard to manufacturing cost and ease of manufacture;
Skills and knowledge required -
+ A minimum of 3 years' experience in component manufacture and mechanical assembly manufacturing engineering;
+ Demonstrable experience in an engineering function in support of manufacturing;
+ Knowledge of mechanical manufacturing philosophies, i.e. design for manufacture I assembly / test techniques;
+ A working knowledge of electrical and mechanical assembly, manufacturing and test
+ CI, Lean Manufacturing, Six Sigma methodology, Quality toolset experience;