text:
|Barbara Gołubowska, Ph.D.
Doctoral thesis
|Ciało afinicznie sztywne w zakrzywionych przestrzeniach i rozmaitościach o stałej krzywiźnie
Recent publications
|Kovalchuk V., Gołubowska B., Rożko E.E., Mechanics of incompressible test bodies moving in Riemannian spaces, MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES, ISSN: 0170-4214, DOI: 10.1002/mma.6651, pp.1-15, 2020
In the present paper, we have discussed the mechanics of incompressible test bodies moving in Riemannian spaces with nontrivial curvature tensors. For Hamilton's equations of motion, the solutions have been obtained in the parametrical form and the special case of the purely gyroscopic motion on the sphere has been discussed. For the geodetic case when the potential is equal to zero, the comparison between the geodetic and geodesic solutions has been done and illustrated in details for the case of a particular choice of the constants of motion of the problem. The obtained results could be applied, among others, in geophysical problems, for example, for description of the movement of continental plates or the motion of a drop of fat or a spot of oil on the surface of the ocean (e.g., produced during some "ecological disaster"), or generally in biomechanical problems, for example, for description of the motion of objects with internal structure on different curved two-dimensional surfaces (e.g., transport of proteins along the curved biological membranes).Keywords:
geodesics, geodetics, gyroscopic motion, incompressibility constraints, mechanics of infinitesimal test bodies, Riemannian spacesAffiliations:
|Kovalchuk V., Gołubowska B., Mladenov I.M.♦, Mechanics of infinitesimal test bodies on Delaunay surfaces: spheres and cylinders as limits of unduloids and their action-angle analysis, Journal of Geometry and Symmetry in Physics, ISSN: 1312-5192, DOI: 10.7546/jgsp-53-2019-55-84, Vol.53, pp.55-84, 2019
This paper discusses the motion of infinitesimal gyroscopes along the two-dimensional surfaces of constant mean curvature embedded into the three-dimensional Euclidean space. We have considered the cases of unduloids, spheres, and cylinders for which the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi equations are written and analyzed with the help of the action-angle variables. Spheres and cylinders are considered as limiting cases of unduloids and the residue analysis was performed which provides the connection between all three action variables and the energy. This has been traced also for the geodetic situations and for two additional classical model potentials.Keywords:
action-angle variables, affinely-rigid bodies, d'Alembert mechanics, Delaunay surfaces, geometry of curves and surfaces, Hamilton-Jacobi equation, harmonic/anharmonic oscillator potential models, infinitesimal test bodies, residue analysis, Riemannian spacesAffiliations:
|Sławianowski J.J., Kovalchuk V., Gołubowska B., Martens A., Rożko E.E., Space‐time as a structured relativistic continuum, MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES, ISSN: 0170-4214, DOI: 10.1002/mma.5087, Vol.41, pp.5404-5422, 2018
There are various models of gravitation: the metrical Hilbert‐Einstein theory, a wide class of intrinsically Lorentz‐invariant tetrad theories (generally covariant in the space‐time sense), and many gauge models based on various internal symmetry groups (Lorentz, Poincare, GL(n,R), SU(2,2), GL(4,C), etc). The gauge models are usually preferred but nevertheless it is an interesting idea to develop the class of GL(4,R)‐invariant (or rather GL(n,R)‐invariant) tetrad (n‐leg) generally covariant models. This is done below and motivated by our idea of bringing back to life the Thales of Miletus concept of affine symmetry. Formally, the obtained scheme is a generally covariant tetrad (n‐leg) model, but it turns out that generally covariant and intrinsically affinely invariant models must have a kind of nonaccidental Born‐Infeld‐like structure. Let us also mention that they, being based on tetrads (n‐legs), have many features common with continuous defect theories. It is interesting that they possess some group‐theoretical solutions and more general spherically symmetric solutions, discussion of which is the main new result presented in this paper, including the applications of the 't Hooft‐Polyakov monopoles in the generally covariant theories, which enables us to find some rigorous solutions of our strongly nonlinear equations. It is also interesting that within such a framework, the normal‐hyperbolic signature of the space‐time metric is not introduced by hand but appears as a kind of solution, rather integration constants, of differential equations. Let us mention that our Born‐Infeld scheme is more general than alternative tetrad models. It may be also used within more general schemes, including also the gauge ones.Keywords:
micromorphic medium, modified gravity, relativistic continuum, spherically symmetric solutions, theory of fundamental interactions.Affiliations:
|Sławianowski J.J., Kovalchuk V., Gołubowska B., Martens A., Rożko E.E., Mechanics of affine bodies. Towards affine dynamical symmetry, JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS, ISSN: 0022-247X, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2016.08.042, Vol.446, No.1, pp.493-520, 2017
In this paper we discuss certain dynamical models of affine bodies, including problems of partial separability and integrability. There are some reasons to expect that the suggested models are dynamically viable and that on the fundamental level of physical phenomena the "large" affine symmetry of dynamical laws is more justified and desirable than the restricted invariance under isometries.Keywords:
homogeneous deformation, structured media, affinely-invariant dynamics, elastic vibrations encoded in kinetic energy, Calogero-Moser and Sutherland integrable latticesAffiliations:
|Sławianowski J.J., Kovalchuk V., Gołubowska B., Martens A., Rożko E.E., Quantized mechanics of affinely-rigid bodies, MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES, ISSN: 0170-4214, DOI: 10.1002/mma.4501, Vol.40, No.18, pp.6900-6918, 2017
In this paper, we develop the main ideas of the quantized version of affinely rigid (homogeneously deformable) motion. We base our consideration on the usual Schrödinger formulation of quantum mechanics in the configurationmanifold, which is given, in our case, by the affine group or equivalently by the semi-direct product of the linear group GL(n,R) and the space of translations R^n, where n equals the dimension of the "physical space." In particular, we discuss the problem of dynamical invariance of the kinetic energy under the action of the whole affine group, not only under the isometry subgroup. Technically, the treatment is based on the 2-polar decomposition of the matrix of the internal configuration and on the Peter-Weyl theory of generalized Fourier series on Lie groups. One can hope that our results may be applied in quantum problems of elastic media and microstructured continua.Keywords:
Homogeneously deformable body, Peter-Weyl analysis, Schrödinger quantization.Affiliations:
|Gołubowska B., Some aspects of affine motion and nonholonomic constraints. Two ways to describe homogeneously deformable bodies, ZAMM-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE MATHEMATIK UND MECHANIK, ISSN: 0044-2267, DOI: 10.1002/zamm.201400192, Vol.96, No.8, pp.968-985, 2016
This paper has been inspired by ideas presented by V. V. Kozlov in his works [23, 24]. In the present work the main goal is to carry out a thorough analysis of some geometric problems of the dynamics of affinely-rigid bodies. We present two ways to describe this case: the classical dynamical d'Alembert and variational, i.e., vakonomic ones. So far, we can see that they give quite different results. The vakonomic model from the mathematical point of view seems to be more elegant. The similar problems were examined by M. Jóźwikowski and W. Respondek in their paper [20].Keywords:
Affine motion, non-holonomic constraints, d'Alembert and Lusternik variational principles, vakonomic constraintsAffiliations:
|Gołubowska B., Kovalchuk V., Sławianowski J.J., Constraints and symmetry in mechanics of affine motion, JOURNAL OF GEOMETRY AND PHYSICS, ISSN: 0393-0440, DOI: 10.1016/j.geomphys.2014.01.012, Vol.78, pp.59-79, 2014
The aim of this paper is to perform a deeper geometric analysis of problems appearing in dynamics of affinely rigid bodies. First of all we present a geometric interpretation of the polar and the two-polar decomposition of affine motion. Later on some additional constraints imposed on the affine motion are reviewed, both holonomic and non-holonomic. In particular, we concentrate on certain natural non-holonomic models of the rotation-less motion. We discuss both the usual d'Alembert model and the vakonomic dynamics. The resulting equations are quite different. It is not yet clear which model is practically better. In any case they both are different from the holonomic constraints defining the rotation-less motion as a time-dependent family of symmetric matrices of placements. The latter model seems to be non-geometric and non-physical. Nevertheless, there are certain relationships between our non-holonomic models and the polar decomposition.Keywords:
Affine motion, polar and two-polar decompositions, non-holonomic constraints, d'Alembert and Lusternik variational principles, vakonomic constraintsAffiliations:
|Sławianowski J.J., Kovalchuk V., Martens A., Gołubowska B., Rożko E.E., Essential nonlinearity implied by symmetry group. Problems of affine invariance in mechanics and physics, DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS-SERIES B, ISSN: 1531-3492, DOI: 10.3934/dcdsb.2012.17.699, Vol.17, No.2, pp.699-733, 2012
The main leitmotivs of this paper are the essential nonlinearities, symmetries and the mutual relationships between them. By essential nonlinearities we mean ones which are not interpretable as some extra perturbations imposed on a linear background deciding about the most important qualitative features of discussed phenomena. We also investigate some discrete and continuous systems, roughly speaking with large symmetry groups. And some remarks about the link between two concepts are reviewed. Namely, we advocate the thesis that the most important non-perturbative nonlinearities are those implied by the assumed "large" symmetry groups. It is clear that such a relationship does exist, although there is no complete theory. We compare the mechanism of inducing nonlinearity by symmetry groups of discrete and continuous systems. Many striking and instructive analogies are found, e.g., analogy between analytical mechanics of systems of affine bodies and general relativity, tetrad models of gravitation, and Born-Infeld nonlinearity. Some interesting, a bit surprising problems concerning Noether theorem are discussed, in particular in the context of large symmetry groups.Keywords:
Essential nonlinearity, dynamical symmetries, affine bodies, general relativity, tetrad models and micromorphic continuaAffiliations:
|Sławianowski J.J., Kovalchuk V., Martens A., Gołubowska B., Rożko E.E., Generalized Weyl–Wigner–Moyal–Ville formalism and topological groups, MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES, ISSN: 0170-4214, DOI: 10.1002/mma.1531, Vol.35, pp.17-42, 2012
Discussed are some geometric aspects of the phase space formalism in quantum mechanics in the sense of Weyl, Wigner, Moyal, and Ville. We analyze the relationship between this formalism and geometry of the Galilei group, classical momentum mapping, theory of unitary projective representations of groups, and theory of groups algebras. Later on, we present some generalization to quantum mechanics on locally compact Abelian groups. It is based on Pontryagin duality. Indicated are certain physical aspects in quantum dynamics of crystal lattices, including the phenomenon of 'Umklapp–Prozessen'.Keywords:
Weyl–Wigner–Moyal–Ville formalism, topological groups, classical momentum mapping, unitary projective representations, Pontryagin duality, 'Umklapp–Prozessen'Affiliations:
|Sławianowski J.J., Gołubowska B., Rożko E.E., SO(4,R), related groups and three-dimensional two-gyroscopic problems, ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, ISSN: 0587-4254, DOI: 10.5506/APhysPolB.43.19, Vol.43, No.1, pp.19-49, 2012
Discussed are some problems of two (or more) mutually coupled systems with gyroscopic degrees of freedom. First of all, we mean the motion of a small gyroscope in the non-relativistic Einstein Universe RXS3(0;R); the second factor denoting the Euclidean 3-sphere of radius R in R4. But certain problems concerning two-gyroscopic systems in Euclidean space R3 are also mentioned. The special stress is laid on the relationship between various models of the configuration space like, e.g., SU(2)xSU(2), SO(4;R), SO(3;R)xSO(3;R) etc. They are locally diffeomorphic, but globally different. We concentrate on classical problems, nevertheless, some quantum aspects are also mentioned.Keywords:
Rigid body, gyroscopic degrees of freedom, Einstein Universe, Euclidean space, SU(2)xSU(2), SO(4;R), SO(3;R)xSO(3;R)Affiliations:
|Gołubowska B., Kovalchuk V., Martens A., Rożko E.E., Sławianowski J.J., Some strange features of the Galilei group, Journal of Geometry and Symmetry in Physics, ISSN: 1312-5192, DOI: 10.7546/jgsp-26-2012-33-59, Vol.26, pp.33-59, 2012
Discussed are certain strange properties of the Galilei group, connected first of all with the property of mechanical energy-momentum covector to be an affine object, rather than the linear one. Its affine transformation rule is interesting in itself and dependent on the particle mass. On the quantum level this means obviously that we deal with the projective unitary representation of the group rather than with the usual representation. The status of mass is completely different than in relativistic theory, where it is a continuous eigenvalue of the Casimir invariant. In Galilei framework it is a parameter characterizing the factor of the projective representation, in the sense of V. Bargmann. This "pathology" from the relativistic point of view is nevertheless very interesting and it underlies the Weyl-Wigner-Moyal-Ville approach to quantum mechanics.
Galilei group, affine transformation, particle mass, projective unitary representation, Weyl-Wigner-Moyal-Ville formalismAffiliations:
|Sławianowski J.J., Kovalchuk V., Martens A., Gołubowska B., Rożko E.E., Mechanics of systems of affine bodies. Geometric foundations and applications in dynamics of structured media, MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES, ISSN: 0170-4214, DOI: 10.1002/mma.1462, Vol.34, pp.1512-1540, 2011
Discussed are geometric structures underlying analytical mechanics of systems of affine bodies. Presented is detailed algebraic and geometric analysis of concepts like mutual deformation tensors and their invariants. Problems of affine invariance and of its interplay with the usual Euclidean invariance are reviewed. This analysis was motivated by mechanics of affine (homogeneously deformable) bodies, nevertheless, it is also relevant for the theory of unconstrained continua and discrete media. Postulated are some models where the dynamics of elastic vibrations is encoded not only in potential energy (sometimes even not at all) but also (sometimes first of all) in appropriately chosen models of kinetic energy (metric tensor on the configuration space), like in Maupertuis principle. Physically, the models may be applied in structured discrete media, molecular crystals, fullerens, and even in description of astrophysical objects. Continuous limit of our affine-multibody theory is expected to provide a new class of micromorphic media.Keywords:
Systems of affine bodies, mutual deformation tensors, affine and Euclidean invariance, structured media, elastic vibrations, geometric structuresAffiliations:
|Sławianowski J.J., Kovalchuk V., Martens A., Gołubowska B., Rożko E.E., Quasiclassical and Quantum Systems of Angular Momentum. Part I. Group Algebras as a Framework for Quantum-Mechanical Models with Symmetries, Journal of Geometry and Symmetry, ISSN: 1312-5192, DOI: 10.7546/jgsp-21-2011-61-94, Vol.21, pp.61-94, 2011
We use the mathematical structure of group algebras and $H^+$-algebras for describing certain problems concerning the quantum dynamics of systems of angular momenta, including also the spin systems. The underlying groups are SU(2) and its quotient SO(3, R). The proposed scheme is applied in two different contexts. Firstly, the purely group-algebraic framework is applied to the system of angular momenta of arbitrary origin, e.g., orbital and spin angular momenta of electrons and nucleons, systems of quantized angular momenta of rotating extended objects like molecules. Secondly, the other promising area of applications is Schroedinger quantum mechanics of rigid body with its often rather unexpected and very interesting features. Even within this Schroedinger framework the algebras of operators related to group algebras are a very useful tool. We investigate some problems of composed systems and the quasiclassical limit obtained as the asymptotics of "large" quantum numbers, i.e., "quickly oscillating" wave functions on groups. They are related in an interesting way to geometry of the coadjoint orbits of SU(2).Keywords:
Systems of angular momenta, models with symmetries, quantum dynamics, spin systems, Schroedinger quantum mechanics, quasiclassical limitAffiliations:
|Sławianowski J.J., Kovalchuk V., Martens A., Gołubowska B., Rożko E.E., Quasiclassical and Quantum Systems of Angular Momentum. Part II. Quantum Mechanics on Lie Groups and Methods of Group Algebras, Journal of Geometry and Symmetry, ISSN: 1312-5192, DOI: 10.7546/jgsp-22-2011-67-94, Vol.22, pp.67-94, 2011
In Part I of this series we have presented the general ideas of applying group-algebraic methods for describing quantum systems. The treatment there was very "ascetic" in that only the structure of a locally compact topological group was used. Below we explicitly make use of the Lie group structure. Relying on differential geometry one is able to introduce explicitly representation of important physical quantities and to formulate the general ideas of quasiclassical representation and classical analogy.
Systems of angular momenta, models with symmetries, quantum dynamics, Lie group structures, quasiclassical representation, classical analogyAffiliations:
|Sławianowski J.J., Kovalchuk V., Martens A., Gołubowska B., Rożko E.E., Quasiclassical and Quantum Systems of Angular Momentum. Part III. Group Algebra su(2), Quantum Angular Momentum and Quasiclassical Asymptotics, Journal of Geometry and Symmetry, ISSN: 1312-5192, DOI: 10.7546/jgsp-23-2011-59-95, Vol.23, pp.59-95, 2011
This is the third part of our series "Quasiclassical and Quantum Systems of Angular Momentum". In two previous parts we have discussed the methods of group algebras in formulation of quantum mechanics and certain quasiclassical problems. Below we specify to the special case of the group SU(2) and its quotient SO(3,R), and discuss just our main subject in this series, i.e., angular momentum problems. To be more precise, this is the purely SU(2)-treatment, so formally this might also apply to isospin. However. it is rather hard to imagine realistic quasiclassical isospin problems.Keywords:
Systems of angular momenta, models with symmetries, quantum dynamics, quasiclassical isospin problemsAffiliations:
|Sławianowski J.J., Kovalchuk V., Gołubowska B., Martens A., Rożko E.E., Quantized excitations of internal affine modes and their influence on Raman spectra, ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, ISSN: 0587-4254, DOI: 10.5506/APhysPolB.41.165, Vol.41, No.1, pp.165-218, 2010
Discussed is the structure of classical and quantum excitations of internal degrees of freedom of multiparticle objects like molecules, fullerens, atomic nuclei, etc. Basing on some invariance properties under the action of isometric and affine transformations we reviewed some new models of the mutual interaction between rotational and deformative degrees of freedom. Our methodology and some results may be useful in the theory of Raman scattering and nuclear radiation.Keywords:
Internal degrees of freedom, isometric and affine invariance, classical and quantum excitations, multiparticle objects, Raman scattering, nuclear radiationAffiliations:
|Sławianowski J.J., Gołubowska B., Motion of test bodies with internal degrees of freedom in non-euclidean spaces, REPORTS ON MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS, ISSN: 0034-4877, Vol.65, No.3, pp.379-422, 2010
Discussed is mechanics of objects with internal degrees of freedom in generally non- Euclidean spaces. Geometric peculiarities of the model are investigated in detail. Discussed are also possible mechanical applications, e.g. in dynamics of structured continua, defect theory and in other fields of mechanics of deformable bodies. Elaborated is a new method of analysis based on nonholonomic frames. We compare our results and methods with those of other authors working in nonlinear dynamics. Simple examples are presented.Keywords:
affine invariance, affinely-rigid bodies, collective modes, internal degrees of freedom, nonlinear elasticity, Riemannian manifoldsAffiliations:
|Sławianowski J.J., Kovalchuk V., Sławianowska A.♦, Gołubowska B., Martens A., Rożko E.E., Zawistowski Z.J., Affine symmetry in mechanics of collective and internal modes. Part II. Quantum models, REPORTS ON MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS, ISSN: 0034-4877, DOI: 10.1016/S0034-4877(05)80002-3, Vol.55, No.1, pp.1-46, 2005
Discussed is the quantized version of the classical description of collective and internal affine modes as developed in Part I. We perform the Schroedinger quantization and reduce effectively the quantized problem from $n^2$ to $n$ degrees of freedom. Some possible applications in nuclear physics and other quantum many-body problems are suggested. Discussed is also the possibility of half-integer angular momentum in composed systems of spinless particles.Keywords:
Collective modes, affine invariance, Schroedinger quantization, quantum many-body problemAffiliations:
|Sławianowski J.J.♦, Kovalchuk V., Sławianowska A.♦, Gołubowska B., Martens A., Rożko E.E., Zawistowski Z.J., Affine symmetry in mechanics of collective and internal modes. Part I. Classical models, REPORTS ON MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS, ISSN: 0034-4877, DOI: 10.1016/S0034-4877(04)80026-0, Vol.54, No.3, pp.373-427, 2004
Discussed is a model of collective and internal degrees of freedom with kinematics based on affine group and its subgroups. The main novelty in comparison with the previous attempts of this kind is that it is not only kinematics but also dynamics that is affinely-invariant. The relationship with the dynamics of integrable one-dimensional lattices is discussed. It is shown that affinely-invariant geodetic models may encode the dynamics of something like elastic vibrations.Keywords:
Collective modes, affine invariance, integrable lattices, nonlinear elasticityAffiliations:
List of recent monographs
|Sławianowski J.J., Kovalchuk V., Gołubowska B., Martens A., Rożko E.E., Dynamical systems with internal degrees of freedom in non-Euclidean spaces, IPPT Reports on Fundamental Technological Research, 8, pp.1-129, 2006
|Sławianowski J.J., Kovalchuk V., Sławianowska A.♦, Gołubowska B., Martens A., Rożko E.E., Zawistowski Z.J., Invariant geodetic systems on Lie groups and affine models of internal and collective degrees of freedom, Prace IPPT - IFTR Reports, Warszawa, 7, pp.1-164, 2004
List of chapters in recent monographs
|Sławianowski J.J., Gołubowska B., Geometry, Integrability, Mechanics and Quantization, rozdział: Bertrand systems on spaces of constant sectional curvature. The action-angle analysis. Classical, quasi-classical and quantum problems, Ivailo M. Mladenov, Mariana Hadzhilazova and Vasyl Kovalchuk (Editors), Avangard Prima, Sofia, pp.106-134, 2015
|Gołubowska B., Kovalchuk V., Martens A., Rożko E.E., Sławianowski J.J., Geometry, Integrability and Quantization XIII, rozdział: Some strange features of the Galilei group, Editors: Ivailo M. Mladenov, Andrei Ludu and Akira Yoshioka, Avangard Prima, Sofia, pp.150-175, 2012
|Sławianowski J.J., Gołubowska B., Classical and Celestial Mechanics, Selected Papers, rozdział: Hamiltonian Systems on Matrix Manifolds and Their Applications, Wydawnictwo Collegium Mazovia, Russian Academy of Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow State Aviation Institute, Dorodnitsyn Computing Centre of RAS, Collegium Mazovia, Siedlce, L. Gadomski, P. Krasilnikov, and A. Prokopenya (Eds.), pp.158-169, 2012
|Sławianowski J.J., Kovalchuk V., Martens A., Gołubowska B., Rożko E.E., Geometry, Integrability and Quantization XII, rozdział: Quasiclassical and Quantum Dynamics of Systems of Angular Momenta, Editors: Ivailo M. Mladenov, Gaetano Vilasi and Akira Yoshioka, Avangard Prima, Sofia, pp.70-155, 2011
Conference papers
|Sławianowski J.J., Gołubowska B., Bertrand systems on spaces of constant sectional curvature. The action-angle analysis. Classical, quasi-classical and quantum problems, Geometry, Integrability and Quantization, ISSN: 1314-3247, DOI: 10.7546/giq-16-2015-110-138, Vol.XVI, pp.110-138, 2015
Studied is the problem of degeneracy of mechanical systems the configuration space of which is the three-dimensional sphere, the elliptic space, i.e., the quotient of that sphere modulo the antipodal identification, and finally, the three-dimensional pseudo-sphere, namely, the Lobatchevski space. In other words, discussed are systems on groups SU(2), SO(3,R), and SL(2,R) or its quotient SO(1,2). The main subject are completely degenerate Bertrand-like systems. We present the action-angle classical description, the corresponding quasi-classical analysis and the rigorous quantum formulas. It is interesting that both the classical action-angle formulas and the rigorous quantum mechanical energy levels are superpositions of the flat-space expression, with those describing free geodetic motion on groups.Keywords:
action-angle description, Bertrand systems, completely degenerate problems, elliptic space, Lobatchevski space, quasi-classical analysis, sphereAffiliations:
|Gołubowska B., Kovalchuk V., Rożko E.E., Sławianowski J.J., Some constraints and symmetries in dynamics of homogeneously deformable elastic bodies, Geometry, Integrability and Quantization, ISSN: 1314-3247, DOI: 10.7546/gip-14-2013-103-115, Vol.XIV, pp.103-115, 2013
Our work has been inspired among others by the work of Arnold, Kozlov and Neihstadt. Our goal is to carry out a thorough analysis of the geometric problems we are faced with in the dynamics of affinely rigid bodies. We examine two models: classical dynamics description by d'Alembert and vakonomic one. We conclude that their results are quite different. It is not yet clear which model i practically better.Keywords:
Affine motion, non-holonomic constraints, d'Alembert and Lusternik variational principles, vakonomic constraintsAffiliations:
|Sławianowski J.J., Gołubowska B., Hamiltonian systems on matrix manifolds and their physical applications, 7th International Symposium on Classical and Celestial Mechanics, 2012-10-23/10-28, Siedlce (PL), pp.158-169, 2012
Schrödinger equation as a self-adjoint differential equation of mathematical physics is discussed. For simplicity, a finite-level system is considered. A modified Schrödinger equation with the second time derivatives is described and some direct nonlinearity is admitted. The key of our idea is the assumption that the scalar product is not fixed once for all, but is a dynamical quantity mutually interacting with the state vector. We assume that the Lagrangian term describing its dynamics has the large symmetry group, the total complex linear group. This implies the strong essential nonlinearity. There is a hope that this geometrically implied nonlinearity may explain the decoherence and measurement paradoxes in quantum mechanics.Keywords:
Schrödinger equation, Krawietz-type matrices, affine rigid bodyAffiliations:


text:
Robert (Bob) Becker, Ranger School Class 01-58, beloved husband of Fran Becker of Calgary passed away on October 29, 2017 at the age of 82 years.
It is with great sadness we announce the passing of Bob Becker. He was a creative engineer, a reflective philosopher, a wonderful husband, father and grandfather, and a thoughtful man of the spirit. His warmth and optimism and zest for living will be deeply missed by friends and family.
He leaves behind his wife of 44 years Fran; his sons Julian and Bill (Michele); his daughter Buffy Elizabeth (Don) and stepson Ian (Erin); grandchildren, Elina, Finn, Evan and Annika.
Journey well Bob, we'll miss you.
US Army Ranger Association, Inc.
P.O. Box 52126
Fort Benning, GA 31995-2126

subset: commoncrawl


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She's So Shy
MJ's mother is worried.
"She's so shy. Whenever we get together with people, I mean even one or two people, she hangs behind me. I don't know how to encourage her."
MJ is four years old. When I first meet her, I see what her mother means. MJ stands behind her mom. She sneaks a peak at me. She retreats. When she finally does come forward, she holds tight to her mom's hand. I ask her to tell me her whole name. "MaryJane," she whispers. I tell her that her mom and I are going to talk a bit and that it's okay if she decides she'd like to see what's in the toy corner. Mom and I talk. Sure enough, in about 10 minutes, MJ is exploring the books and toys.
Normal Shyness
MJ is perfectly normal. What looks to her mom like shyness is a developmental stage. Many preschoolers are reticent when confronted with new people, new situations, or new demands. They hang back a bit and observe what is going on rather than jump right in. Once MJ had time to survey the room and to decide that I was probably a benign grownup, she felt confident enough to explore new territory. As kids like MJ get more accustomed to meeting new people and mastering new challenges, their "shyness" often naturally fades away.
Other children are "shy" by temperament. Ask any mother of two or more children. Children are different from the time they start moving in the womb. Some are active and bouncy. Others quietly shift from one position to another. Once they pop out into the world, they are still very much themselves with temperaments to match the activity their mothers felt while they were getting ready to be born.
Quieter infants often become the children who are more comfortable being with one or two friends instead of a large group, who are uncomfortable with unexpected social demands, and who are sensitive to how others are behaving. Often they are more easily upset by transitions and change and take longer to settle down. This shy temperament is as much a part of who a child is as eye color and handedness.
Not surprisingly, temperamentally shy children often have at least one shy parent. The shy child may have inherited his temperament from his shy and sensitive parent or he may have learned to approach new situations with some caution because that's what he's observed his parent doing. Probably, as with most things, it's a combination of both nature and nurture.
Dos and Don'ts for Helping Normally Shy Children Learn to Manage the Social World
- Don't consider shyness a character flaw. It's a difference, not a defect. Shy people are often sensitive observers who provide balance, thoughtfulness, and care to the social mix.
- Don't try to cajole, scold, or pep-talk the child out of his shyness. This will only frustrate you and embarrass the child. Some kids even come to believe that their parents don't like them!
- Don't insist that your child show off new skills. Some children are natural performers. Not the shy child. The shy child prefers to be in the audience or stay backstage. Accept that not everyone needs to be in the spotlight.
Hartwell-Walker, M. (2018). She's So Shy. Psych Central. Retrieved on August 5, 2020, from https://psychcentral.com/lib/shes-so-shy/
Last reviewed: By a member of our scientific advisory board on 8 Oct 2018
Published on Psych Central.com. All rights reserved.


text:
The American war on smart people is incredible. For some reason, there has been a growing disdain for intellect and distrust for education in the "Greatest Country in the World," and this year's presidential election has never ceased to amaze me at every turn. The idea that people should not be educated, think critically, or be honest is ridiculous, foolish, and dangerous. Obviously not all education is equal (i.e,. unaccredited universities are garbage) and not all smart people are educated (nor are all educated people smart). But in general, no one should dismiss or denigrate education. So here is a list of the five most egregious quotes that demonstrate the growing animosity towards intelligence and education in America.
5) Education? What a Snob (Rick Santorum)
Speaking at a Tea Party rally, former presidential candidate Rick Santorum said this:
President Obama wants everybody in America to go to college. What a snob!
To this, his audience gave a round of applause, evidently because they either agree that education is awful, or they go along with any attack on President Obama regardless of how idiotic it is. And you can be sure that this was an idiotic attack on the president. To give more context, he continued with this:
There are good, decent men and women who work hard every day and put their skills to [the] test that aren't taught by some liberal college professor, trying to indoctrinate them. Oh I understand why he wants you to go to college – he wants to remake you in his image.
I like the false dichotomy of working hard and not being educated, not to mention the idea that all college professors must be liberal, not to mention having a sinister agenda. But what's with that last statement likening Obama to God? Remaking you in his image? Santorum got all of that from Obama's "I hope your children go to college." Such a snob.
4) Say No to Critical Thinking (Texas Republican Party)
The Texas Republican Party published a party platform that, at one point, makes an argument that they would later apologize for, calling it a mistake. (Note: Much of the other nonsense was not apologized for.) Under "Knowledge-Based Education," they say:
We oppose the teaching of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) (values clarification), critical thinking skills and similar programs that are simply a relabeling of Outcome-Based Education (OBE) (mastery learning) which focus on behavior modification and have the purpose of challenging the student's fixed beliefs and undermining parental authority.
What's that about opposing critical thinking skills? The communications director of the party, Chris Elam, would later give an interview saying that the wording was a mistake, and that they shouldn't have used the phrase "critical thinking skills." But this mistake is now their official policy until 2014. Laura Klawson from Daily Kos says:
Since they "regret" it, no harm, no foul, right? About that. Even if we take them at their word that this was in fact a mistake rather than just being something you regret when you get caught, and aside from the fact that this regretted mistake remains official party policy, it's pretty damn clear that the party's Education Subcommittee seriously discussed its opposition to critical thinking skills and included said opposition in some advanced drafts of its part of the platform. I think we can safely say Texas Republicans don't support critical thinking skills, anyway.
As the above video demonstrates well, the inclusion of critical thinking skills in their platform was not the only controversial statement they made. But critical thinking is important for them to get rid of because they want votes. And the only way they're going to get votes is if people suspend their critical thinking faculties. Paul Begala for the Daily Beast said this:
Texas Republicans hate the heavy hand of government. And so they oppose mandatory preschool and kindergarten, mandatory immunizations, mandatory, well, mandatory mandates. It's one thing to be antigovernment. It's another to be pro-stupid.
3) Smart People Aren't on Our Side (Rick Santorum)
Another gem from Santorum, who was speaking a Value Voters Summit last month:
We will never have the media on our side, ever, in this country. We will never have the elite, smart people on our side, because they believe they should have the power to tell you what to do. So our colleges and universities – they're not going to be on our side.
Indeed, I imagine they're not going to be on your side when you call people who go there "snobs." Now obviously, he wasn't trying to suggest that Republicans were stupid, as opposed to the smart opposition – he was saying that Republicans aren't elitist. This is coming from the same party as another former presidential candidate, Newt Gingrich, who once said:
We should replace bilingual education with immersion in English so people learn the common language of the country and they learn the language of prosperity, not the language of living in a ghetto.
I'm not sure if I could find a better example of elitism – as well as bigotry. But let's also remember that Santorum has two higher education degrees (law degree and master's in business), and his snobbish daughter Elizabeth also goes to the University of Dallas. Only, she's not a snob (or at least, not necessarily); and he's not an idiot for being educated. He's an idiot for saying what he said.
But the simple fact that he even said that is telling. Santorum is convinced that democrats like Obama are elitist – after all, he wants people to go to college! – so he is using the word "smart" like it's a bad thing. His belittling of education is disconcerting.
2) Let's Stand Up to Experts (Don McLeroy)
Considering the Texas textbook market pretty much controls half of the country's textbooks (the other half is controlled mostly by California) this basically means that their changes determine the curriculum of American high school students. During lengthy Texas education board meetings in 2010, they voted for several changes to textbooks, such as omitting information on how the Constitution prevents the government from promoting one religion over others, restricting sex and gender education (i.e., regarding transgender studies), and removing Thomas Jefferson from the history books because he just wasn't religious enough. Sadly, they voted for these and won.
But if that wasn't bad enough, in his anti-evolution diatribe in the video below – restating the same sentiments later in his 2012 documentary – Texas creationist Don McLeroy proudly stated this, when talking about the evidence for evolution:
"I disagree with these experts. Somebody's gotta stand up to experts that are just… I don't know why they're doing it."
The anti-evolution mantra of "we don't understand the science so it must be false" is nothing new, but it's amazing to think that brilliant scientists who dedicate their whole lives to a specific field of study still don't get the respect they deserve. They aren't called experts because they memorized thousands of verses in an archaic book – they're experts because they studied seriously for years, and through scrutiny and criticism, they passed the gauntlet of academic trials to get to where they are. I'm talking about the archeologists and anthropologists that have told us so much about our ancient history. No one's perfect, but they have gathered robust evidence which has led us to a phenomenal understanding of our past, and what we do know is astonishing when you consider how far back they had to look.
But while they work hard studying their predecessors' work and building on it, science-literate American teachers decide that it's best to "teach the controversy," calling evolution "just a theory," and that they need to "stand up to experts." On March 17, 2010, Jon Stewart made this brilliant statement on The Daily Show, referring to the fact that McLeroy is a licensed dentist (i.e., a dental expert) in his typical satirical fashion:
So, doctor, you think brushing keeps your teeth healthy? Well I think rubbing chocolate on them does. I guess we'll just have to teach the controversy.
Considering the God-fearing republicans won votes on so much of what they were attempting to strike from the textbooks, it seems that the only way for an American youth to fully understand their own culture and history is by being taught in a school that receives textbooks from California, as opposed to Texas. But even then, there's no guarantee in America's failing educational system.
On April 23 of this year on The Colbert Report, fellow comedian Stephen Colbert took McLeroy to task in some of the best satirical skewering you can find anywhere on TV today. It's interviews like these that show why satire is one of the best ways to discredit a political position.
1) Say No to Fact-Checkers (Neil Newhouse)
Just a month and a half ago, an aide for republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney spoke with what Buzzfeed characterized as "unusual political bluntness." His name is Neil Newhouse, and he has a thing against fact checkers:
Fact checkers come to this with their own sets of thoughts and beliefs, and we're not going to let our campaign be dictated by fact checkers.
This is, in my opinion, truly incredible. It's the cherry on the giant anti-reality cheesecake. Considering this was said in the context of the deceitful advertisements attacking Obama on things like welfare, this is basically like saying "it doesn't matter to us if we lie."
Now obviously, if a random person calls himself a fact-checker, then there's little reason to believe them. The "who's fact-checking the fact-checkers?" is, on its surface, a reasonable question. But if multiple bipartisan sources check facts, show how they can back them up, and all point to the same result, then no matter how much you belittle them, they will still probably be right.
This is the concept of consensus – one that is foreign to most republicans like Newhouse, most creationists like McLeroy, and most science-illiterate zealots like Santorum. It's not necessarily 100%, but it's clear that the only fact-checkers Newhouse is going to trust are the ones that tell him what he wants to hear.
The Dumbing Down of America
When you have people dispensing lies in America like candy bars (and believe me, Americans love their candy bars) it becomes more difficult to discern the lies from the truth, such as many of the untruthful attack ads that are levelled against Obama. Things are especially made worse if children receive lackluster critical thinking education, which Isa-Lee Wolf from Yahoo! argues is intentional. Wolf made this statement in an article entitled "Why Republicans Want Us Stupid" earlier this year:
Republicans don't want to educate you. They don't want to educate your children. The less education you have, the more they can manipulate you. The more they can get you to believe that money in the pockets of their choice somehow benefits you, the better for them.
Wolf may be right, citing that republicans want to get rid of funding Head Start – an early education program – not to mention the more recent and very public incident that occurred just last week – the "Big Bird death threat." That is, presidential candidate Mitt Romney saying that he would cut funding of PBS, thus affecting Sesame Street, which has historically helped educate children in poor families. Also, the budget under Romney would restrict funding for public education, but particularly for the students who need it the most. And don't forget the absurd vilification of teachers in America, which is – to my knowledge – a uniquely American feud.
Nature vs. Republicanism
You can say what you want about American Democrats, but at least they won't belittle education, intellect, and scientific research like their right-wing counterparts. Research, for example, like the collection of studies which changed homosexuality from a mental disorder to a normal aspect of the human condition (as normal as, say, being born left-handed) in the DSM. In fact, scientists have found homosexuality among many different species found in nature; but despite this, Republicans largely cannot accept homosexuality as natural. This is just one example of a connection between education and liberalism, but note that it doesn't happen because professors turn them into liberals. The link is quite indirect.
It's not particularly hard to see why Republicans (most of whom are Christian) never change their mind despite research to the contrary – the Christian tradition does not have a particularly grand history of religious figures changing their minds. After all, Christians don't discover new things through the bible, unless you count reminiscing on new interpretations of it a discovery. Scientists, on the other hand, do research and learn about new information, challenging previously held beliefs and expanding their knowledge. Is it any wonder, then, that religious faith tends to make people vote for right-wing candidates?
Not really. While scientists change their opinions based on new evidence from scientific research, many Christians continue to live in the past, and most believe what they have always believed. Fortunately, the younger generations are less discriminatory, and as older bigots die (though this is really regardless of political or religious affiliation), homophobia continues to decline. It shouldn't take an expert to know what is or isn't a natural part of life, but if your belief system doesn't change alongside the ever-expanding body of scientific knowledge (i.e., reality), then you're going to stay living in the past, which seems to be where the values of a lot of the right wing derive from. Some might call it traditionalism, while others would prefer to use the word "outdated." But I digress.
The Bottom Line
Topics like critical thinking and evolution are paramount to science. And science is paramount to understanding reality. And reality is… well, how am I supposed to convince someone that reality is a good thing when they throw "we don't like fact-checkers, experts, smart people, educated people, or critical thinking" at me?
If the US gradually lowers its educational standards every generation by dismissing inconvenient history or omitting scientific facts, who knows how long it will take for the next world's superpower to become the main player on the global stage? America didn't send a man on the moon by praying him there. It was science that did it. In other words, educated people, smart people, and experts.
Republicans are so obsessed with building an army that they're willing to take money out of education to fund it. What they probably don't realize is that the global race to the top is not won on the battlefield, but in the schools; and if the US is not careful, the war on smart people might just be their undoing.


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If everyone was cars, like in the Disney movie, what car would you choose to be?
We'll assume health would be akin to reliability. More interior space would make you smarter. (We're assuming that's where their brains are.) Towing, speed, and fuel economy are fairly intuitive for what they'd be good for. And of course styling would be the gauge of attractiveness.
So for example, if you choose a Ferrari 458. You'd be dumb because of the small interior room. You'd be very athletic, put lack towing capability (So like a soccer player versus a power lifter.) And of course the styling would be subjective. You'll also have poor health and have crazy high medical expenses probably leading to a shorter lifespan than average. (Since you have to live everyday you can't be a garage queen like in our world.)
So what car would you be Oppo?


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St patricks day 2013, Belfast parade, st patricks day parade Belfast, Belfast hotels, Belfast special offers, Belfast best rates, rooms belfast
The annual celebrations have been extended and will run between Friday, March 15 to Monday, March 18, featuring the annual parade and free concert in Custom House Square on St Patrick's Day.
Headlining the free concert on March 17 will be X Factor singer Amelia Lily. Also taking to the stage will be David Julien from the BBC's The Voice, folk group Blackthorn and Ulster-Scots group Rightly On. Tir na N'Og Irish Dancers and Ballysillan Highland Dancers will also be performing.
City Hall will host a variety of activities including talks and exhibitions, music workshops, dance, traditional craft demonstrations, children's arts and crafts, and storytelling there'll also be a waste workshop to create a giant shamrock out of waste and recycled materials.
Visitors will also have the opportunity to get up close and personal with a snake and find out more about the creatures which form a central part of the St Patrick story.
As well as showing some of the live rugby and GAA action over the St Patrick's weekend, the big screen at City Hall will show films including classics The Quiet Man and Into the West.
The Ulster Hall will host a ceili with the Cathal McAnulty Ceili band and the McPeake Family alongside singers, musicians and Irish dancers. There will also be a tea dance, music and poetry workshops, and a photographic exhibition, as well as film screenings of The Commitments and Darby O'Gill and The Little People.
St George's Market will have live themed music and family entertainment throughout the weekend as well as Irish dancing.
Belfast Lord Mayor Gavin Robinson said the festival would be a vibrant and exciting time for the city.
He said: "The city is going to be buzzing. The carnival and concert have become an important part of the city's annual celebrations and this year we have even more on offer.
"There really is something for everyone with some fascinating events planned that will explore the story of St Patrick. City Hall will be the focal point but events will be happening at venues across the city and I'd encourage everyone to come along and enjoy the free events on offer."
The concert at Custom House Square is a non-ticketed event and entry will be on a first come, first served basis with gates opening at 12 noon. This year a special 'kids' zone' will be created over at the 'Big Fish' to allow toddlers and younger children to soak up the buzz and atmosphere away from the crowds.


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We have already heard that David Pryce, a curate at Christ Church in Colne, died within six months of having his offer of marriage turned down by Charlotte Bronte. Yesterday I unexpectedly came across details about Mr Pryce's death and funeral in the diary of James Foulds of Trawden. The story starts at a hunt across the border in Yorkshire:
January 4 1840
Clifton and myself joined a shooting party at Farnley [Farnley near Otley]. We killed 51 hares, several braces of Pheasants, a Woodcock and 3 rabbits, not having a shooting dress with me I borrowed a pair of trowsers of E Whittaker and a coat of Clifton which answered very well. Mr Markland left this morning
January 5 1840
Went to Church and heard an excellent sermon from the Vicar Mr. Hart [Vicar at Otley]. Had a letter from Jno Shaw informing me of the death of Mr Pryce, (our first curate at Trawden) which took place this morning a little after 4 o' clock and I immediately concluded to go home early in the morning. [so news of Pryce's death reached Foulds same day – it is 19 miles as the crow flies from Colne to Farnley or 32 miles on modern roads]
January 6 1840
Started in the Gig about 7 o'clock and got to Colne about 11, called upon Mr Bolton for the purpose of making arrangements for the funeral of poor Mr Pryce, sent for Wm. Hodgson incumbent of Christ Church and from him ascertained that the affairs of Mr. P. were in a bad state and then Mr Bond [more likely Bolton] and myself concluded to bury him jointly and Jno. Shaw was fixed upon to take the management of the funeral.
January 16 1840
John Shaw and myself were engaged the greater part of the day making preparations for the funeral of poor Mr Pryce. I gave 7 of the female teachers at the Sunday School [probably Christ Church] Ribbons for their Bonnets, Gloves and Scarves the male D[itt]o Hat bands and Gloves
January 17 1840
About 2o Gentlemen 7 Clergymen partook of luncheon here today who had come to attend Mr Pryces funeral, we started in procession from the deceased house [where, presumably, Pryce's body had been lying for the past 13 days] about 2 o'clock–and were joined at Carry Lane head by a number of the respectable inhabitants of Colne who accompanied us to the Church [Christ Church]


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My human has finally seen reason and gave up on this Alois guy (for now, she says). But instead of finally tending to my wishes she found something else to occupy her time: indoor gardening. Yes, she also has to do what she calls 'work', which from my point of view is no different to what she is doing the rest of day: computering. Or whatever you call that stuff. Me doing it right now, too. Hehe.
Anyway, she-human insists that we should be more eco-friendly. We had that before, remember? And how did that go? Don't ask. But I finally saw a way to get her attention (I'm a sucker for my human's attention, but I guess you figured that, right?): I help her with the green stuff.
Growing our own veggie stuff, is what she means by that. Producing lovely green orcs as offspring is what I would mean by growing green stuff, but never mind.
Myself being a wonderful shade of green I consider myself an expert on everything concerning that color. So, I joined in, cutting the giant plants. And in order to make it more fun I pretend there is a monster hiding in the green onions. That reminded me of the time when I went into the giant chives in order to get the monstrous fluffy spider. That was outdoor fun, now we're indoors. Winter is coming. Again. I became rather fond of central heating I have to admit. Pretending to hunt the green onion monster was fun, at least for a bit. I moved very silently through the green jungle on the window sill….
And guess what? There it is. A green onion monster, I mean. Me. Muahahar. Pathetic? Yeah, well…, it is hard to be the only monster of my kind. I feel lonely, but does my human care? Well, she does, to be honest, but not nearly enough for my liking. Human monsters are so weird in their monstrosity that I can't even tell them apart from the more friendly specimens of the species. So I stick to my human and her weird ideas about eco-orcs and orcish gardening. Or something like that.
Now I will prepare her breakfast. My fellow orcs must never know that I am so docile. Shut up, you.


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I am currently a final year PhD student and I am working on a collaborative project with my supervisors at the Translational Genomics and Epigenomics Group at the ONJCRI and the Department of Surgery of The University of Melbourne. I am hoping to submit my thesis in a few months' time, after which I will return to clinical work with a view to complete my training to be a general surgeon!
Unfortunately, 30-40% of people develop organ rejection in the first 12 months after transplantation. The current means of diagnosing this is rather invasive as we have to insert a large needle through the skin and into the liver under local anaesthetic in order to obtain a small sample of liver tissue. Under my supervisors, I am working on a project to develop a blood test that will monitor organ health after liver transplantation. We borrowed liquid biopsy techniques from oncology and applied them to our project. It's actually quite cool! DNA between individuals is subtly different. If I, the donor, were to put my liver inside of you, the recipient, a small amount of my DNA would be shed into your bloodstream. The blood test that we have developed allows us to count the number of 'donor' DNA molecules that are in the recipients' blood. Using this blood test, we have shown in our studies that an elevated amount of 'donor' DNA in the recipient can be diagnostic of organ rejection. Perhaps one day, this test may help clinicians reduce, or even better, replace liver biopsies. However, further studies are needed before we hit prime time!
It's a stepping stone. We've repurposed a technique that was originally developed for cancer detection in another medical specialty. Although I work in a cancer-focused institute, my project is a good example of how sharing knowledge and expertise across disciplines can have benefits. The importance of tests like liquid biopsies will increase and it's through these collaborations that we can start thinking about how we would apply liquid biopsies. More than 25% of liver transplantations performed at the Austin Health are for early stage liver cancers. Often in these patients, surveillance for cancer recurrence is difficult. Perhaps with more time and further collaborations, we can explore the use of liquid biopsies to improve the way that we look after this unique group of patients being treated for liver cancer.
In my brief career as a training surgeon, I have found it all incredibly rewarding, from treating patients for simple appendicitis to removing cancers from patients with a view to curing them. Often, I am fascinated by how we can use science to continually improve the way that we look after these patients. As time went by, I was presented with an opportunity to partake in a collaborative project at the ONJCRI and I thought that this would be a great chance for me to learn to use modern molecular technologies and genetics to change the way that we diagnose organ rejection after liver transplantation. So, with these interests in mind, I thought that I'd take this challenge on board as my PhD and see if I can make a difference!
It has been 10 years since I graduated from medical school. On the clinical side, as a young surgeon on his training wheels, there are challenges every day, like learning to operate and manage unwell patients, as well as meeting a reasonable work-life balance. But this was nothing compared to starting my career as a PhD student. I had no experience with dealing with pipettes, very little knowledge of DNA, let alone actually developing liquid biopsy tests! Those were some of the most challenging aspects of being a junior scientist for me; trying to learn all of these new ideas and foreign terminologies and then putting them all together. None of this would've been possible without the supervision that I have received from the people around me. It was really the support that I had from the professors and members of both the Translational Genomics & Epigenomics Laboratory at ONJCRI and the Department of Surgery at The University of Melbourne that got me to where I am today. Most importantly, there's my fiancée, who never fails to put a smile on my face!
You can actually sit down and have lunch! Clinical work is actually quite busy and I think that the best thing about being a full time PhD student is the opportunity given to you to roam free and think, within limits of course…. You can kind of just sit down, reflect, and think about the problem, because you've got the time. Working in the lab involves, more often than not, troubleshooting and optimising your assays or tests so that they are reliable every single time. I like problem solving, so it's actually quite a fun exercise and I think that it does become quite intellectually stimulating.
It's very nice! It makes me feel like all those long weekends spent processing patient blood samples and endless days in the laboratory getting the assays to work paid off. To me, receiving this award has helped me reinforce the value of working hard, appreciate the support of the people around me, and understand the importance of working with others.
I think that lots of things are going to happen as the technology improves, as our understanding of the genome improves, and as more research gets done. In the future, I think that we'll see a lot of liquid biopsy tests that will help doctors and their patients make more informed and accurate treatment choices. I believe that these tests will not only transform the outcomes of transplantation medicine, but also those in oncology and across all other fields of modern medicine.
I would say that when you come across challenging times, just persevere, put your head down, and do the work. With time, if you put in a good share of work, you'll see results in the end. Sometimes they'll be really positive and that's great, but if they're negative, that's okay too – at least you know the answer now and can just move onto the next thing on your agenda.
I'd be a pilot – come and have a coffee with me, and I'll tell you more!
Read more about Su's research here


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Saturday, March 22, 2003
Life is good I took a bath tonight and was away from Sophie for about 45 minutes. As soon as I came downstairs she woke up and started to wiggle, and I realized I missed her and was so deep-down happy to see her again I had to run over and smooch her. Sometimes I just fall in love with her all over again. Who can turn a can into a cane?* Hooray for the internet! I've finally figured out what it's for: a resource to look up the lyrics for all the Sesame Street and Electric Company songs I can't fully recall. We have a binder in Sophia's room with lots of song lyrics in it (naturally!) for inspiration, so many printouts from this page will be in there. Thank God I found it, because I couldn't for the life of me remember what the Alligator King's fourth son gave him. *It's elementary for Silent E....
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I am a barista, musician, singer, artist, writer, and blogger. I like to dance, and I'm involved in a local community theater. I am a geek, and I have it on fairly good authority that I am weird. I am okay with that. I embrace it. It's part who I am.
I love God, my family and friends, music, and tea. Coffee is slowly beginning to creep into my life whether I like it or not (how can it not? I'm a barista. I work with coffee all day).
There are lots of stories floating around inside of my brain. My adventures while on the road and at home produce many stories that are filed away, and I have some that are of my own creation in my head as well.
I am learning about life as I go. I'm no expert on life nor do I claim to be. I am horribly indecisive with an overdose of an internalized need to be perfect and for things I do needing to be perfect. I cannot begin to explain how difficult it was for me to even get to this point of creating this blog. But I suppose it is good enough. My therapist would be proud (I hope).
There is so much to see and so much to do. I don't know where I'm headed. We'll see where God takes me.


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Late Fees Ease, But Other Card Costs Rise
Another round of rules meant to benefit credit-card holders went into effect in August.
Another round of rules meant to benefit credit-card holders went into effect in August. The final chapter of the Credit Card Accountability, Responsibility and Disclosure (CARD) Act of 2009 gives consumers a break on fees and penalties. Card issuers may now charge no more than $25 for a first-time late payment. If you are late a second time within six months, your issuer may charge $35. Pay on time for the next six months, however, and the penalty drops back to $25. An over-limit or late fee may not exceed the amount that you are delinquent. For example, if you are late making a $20 minimum payment, the late fee may not exceed $20.
Inactivity fees are banned, and issuers may impose only one fee per transaction. (For example, an issuer cannot charge a late fee and a returned-payment fee.) Card issuers that have increased rates since January 1, 2009, must review those increases every six months; bank examiners will monitor the process when they do routine bank examinations. At the very least, an issuer must explain why it has imposed a rate hike.
Although the CARD act was designed to protect consumers, it has already fallen victim to the law of unintended consequences. That is, issuers have responded to some of the new rules by imposing new, consumer-unfriendly policies:
Some fixed-rate credit cards have morphed into variable-rate cards. The law permits issuers to raise interest rates on new and existing accounts if the rate is based on an index that fluctuates, such as the prime rate.
Card issuers have raised interest rates. Even if you always pay on time and do not carry a balance, issuers may raise your rate as long as they give you 45 days' notice.
Card issuers are cherry-picking the most creditworthy customers. Mintel, a market-research firm, expects issuers to mail out three to four billion credit-card offers this year, up from two billion in 2009. But with default rates still high, issuers are sending few offers to second-tier customers.
Transferring a balance can cost up to 5%. That's one way card issuers are recouping revenue from the latest round of solicitations for 0% teaser rates on balance transfers and purchases. The CARD act limits fees issuers may charge, so balance-transfer fees help feed the bottom line.


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Attorney General Loretta Lynch said Thursday at the Muslim Advocate's 10th anniversary dinner she will take aggressive action against the "incredibly disturbing rise of anti-Muslim rhetoric."
She told the group "we stand with you" and promised the Justice Department will protect Muslims from "violence" and discrimination.
"When we talk about the First Amendment we [must] make it clear that actions predicated on violent talk are not American," said Lynch. "They are not who we are, they are not what we do, and they will be prosecuted."
Lynch did not clarify what "actions predicated on violent talk" means and did not draw a line between constitutionally protected free speech and violence. She also did not pinpoint individuals or groups she believes participate in "violent talk."
Judge Andrew P. Napolitano notes "the willingness alone to use violence is not criminal; it is only the actual use of violence that is. Thus, it is the manifestation of hatred as lawless violence that may be prosecuted, but the manifestation of hatred as a unifying idea is protected and may not be prosecuted."
The First Amendment "absolutely bars the government from interference with a person's thoughts or associations" prior to any violent activity.
Lynch's grandstanding before a Muslim group reveals the Justice Department and the Obama administration are promoting the so-called social justice agenda at the expense of the Constitution and the First Amendment.
It also underscores the collectivist idea that government has the authority—enforced by its monopoly of coercion and violence—to protect the rights of preferred groups at the expense of the rights of the individual.
The Reopen America Back to School Special is now live! Save up to 60% on our most popular items!


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Appointments and promotions supported by affirmative action considerations are, as a general principle not a contentious issue in the South African workplace nowadays. What is, however, contentious is whether such affirmative action appointments and promotions are correctly understood, done in accordance with fair labour practices and the constitutional imperatives of promoting equality in and transforming the workplace.
It is therefore always welcome and informative to take cognisance of how the Supreme Court of Appeal interprets the application of affirmative action in employment.
The recently reported case of Gordon v Department of Health: Kwazulu Natal is instructive in this regard.
The appellant, the then Assistant Director of a hospital, applied for the post of Deputy Director: Administration at another hospital. After interviewing the candidates, the selection committee decided that the appellant was the most suitable candidate, based on his strong leadership and planning and control competencies, criteria which were found lacking in the other candidates. The panel's recommendation was endorsed by the province's Department of Health, but not by the Provincial Public Service Commission, which directed the Department to appoint a black male candidate.
The appellant instituted action in the Labour Court, claiming to have been unfairly discriminated against on the basis of race. The Labour Court dismissed the application and the appellant appealed to the Labour Appeal Court. Such Court held that the application was fatally defective because the successful candidate had not been joined or "at least" had not been afforded the opportunity to be heard, and dismissed the appeal on that basis alone.
The Appeal Court found that the Labour Appeal Court had erred by finding that the successful candidate should have been joined.
Merits of the claim
The Court noted that the appellant's contention was that in the absence of a rational policy, plan or program which justified the Department acting in an inherently arbitrary manner, the failure to appoint him was discriminatory and unfair. The Department contended that its decision was beyond judicial scrutiny because, even in the absence of a specific plan or policy, appointing a black candidate was a measure designed to promote equality and transformation of the public service.
The Court found that the appellant had been discriminated against on the basis of his race. Item 2 (1) (a) (since repealed) of Schedule 7 of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 which applied, provided that, in spite of the prohibition of discrimination, employers could adopt employment policies or practices "designed to achieve the adequate protection or advancement of persons or groups or categories of persons disadvantaged by unfair discrimination".
The Court held that while affirmative action is designed to uplift the previously disadvantaged, the question was whether the appointment of the successful black candidate in this case was a measure falling within the terms of that item, as read with the Interim Constitution Act 200 of 1993. The Court noted that item 2 (1) (a) dealt with employment policies and practices. It held that in cases involving alleged discrimination, the Courts have always focused on the policies or plans by which employers sought to defend themselves to establish whether those plans or policies were rationally connected with the constitutional imperative of promoting equality. The Court noted that ad hoc or random actions were found incapable of meeting such objective. The Court therefore deduced that properly formulated plans go a long way to meeting the requirements of rationality. Thus rational affirmative action plans or programs are approved while ad hoc or random actions are impermissible the Court stated.
Turning to the facts, the Court noted that the argument that the successful candidate's appointment was a measure to advance employment equity was the only justification advanced for discriminating against the appellant. The Department had no policy or plan. Neither was the Commission able to provide a coherent explanation for rejecting the appellant, or to explain how the question of representivity was addressed in the recruitment and selection process. This, the Court said, indicated that the Commission held a view that the only way to promote equality was to appoint black candidates. The appointment was accordingly found to be clearly ad hoc, arbitrary and unfair.
The Court concluded that in the quest to attain representivity, efficiency and fairness were not to be compromised. To justify the failure to appoint a candidate who complied with stipulated requirements it had to be shown that such action was not unfair.
The Court concluded that in the absence of an equity plan, the Department was obliged to follow legislation pertaining to selection and appointment, none of which permits the rejection of suitable candidates on the basis of race alone.
The appeal was upheld and the Department was ordered to pay the appellant the difference between the salary he received from 1996 to the date of this retirement in 2003, and the salary he actually would have received had he been promoted.


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Saraswat Bank Jr Officer Recruitment 2018 – Apply Online for 300 Posts
Posted on
Saraswat Bank is giving a chance to be a part of it as it has come up with 3000 Vacancies for the post of Junior Officer. All the interested candidates can see all the vacancy related details that are given below. Candidates are requested to apply online before the last date for participation. Important links are given below at the end of an article.
Vacancy details
Name of Post:
- Junior Officer
Important Dates of Application:
- Application Begins: 23-05-2018
- Last date of applying online and Pay Exam Fee: 04-06-2018
- Last date for Printing Of Application: 19-06-2018
- Date of Online Test: June/ July 2018
Educational qualification:
- Candidates must Passed Minimum First Class in Graduation (preferably B.Com.) from a
recognized University.
- Kindly read the Notification thoroughly for further info.
Age limit:
Maximum Age:- 27 Years and Minimum Age:- 21 Years
How to apply
The procedure for applying these employments in India is that the candidates need to log on to the official site of the Saraswat bank in online mode only. We advise all the interested candidates to click on the following link for further queries.


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EA Learning is now training our TOGAF® 9 Level 1 & 2 Classroom course, accredited by The Open Group, compliant to the new TOGAF® standard, Version 9.2 and is delivered by industry practicing instructors who are certified in TOGAF® 9 standard. The latest TOGAF® standard has further emphasis on Business Architecture, Digital Trends, and Business Transformation beyond IT.
Our accredited training course covers all of the TOGAF® Standard Version 9.2 Key Learning Points as defined in the Open Group's TOGAF® Standard Version 9.2 curriculum. Included within this are the following subject areas:
The structure of the course is as follows:
Structure of the TOGAF® Standard
Part I: Introduction
Part II: Architecture Development Method
Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques
Part IV: Architecture Content Framework
Part V: Enterprise Continuum and Tools
Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework
Structure of the TOGAF® Standard Library
Section 1: Foundation Documents
Section 2: Generic Guidelines and Techniques
Section 3: Industry-Specific Guidance and Techniques
Section 4: Organisation-Specific Guidance and Techniques
TOGAF® is a registered trademark of The Open Group
Attendees of the TOGAF® Standard, Version 9.2 course will have an understanding of;
Knowledge of TOGAF® is useful to anybody involved in business transformations and capability improvements, including Business and IT Architects, Business and Systems Analysts, as well as Business Executives and Managers, Program, Project and Change Managers, and Subject Matter Experts.
This training course is for anybody involved in the development and application of architecture including:
TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 is a great improvement on Version 9.1. The materials and flow in the latest release now has a more understandable, direct bearing on architecture practice and architecture consulting in general. The latest release supports the primacy of business thinking in architecture rather than a focus on IT, which was often how enterprise architecture has been seen.
The major changes that have been released in TOGAF Standard Version 9.2 include;
TOGAF 9 certified practitioners do not have to sit a new exam (as was the case with the bridge from 8 to 9). The additional or changed material is extremely useful and valuable to learn. If you would like to show that you have "up-to-date knowledge", then The Open Group has introduced the TOGAF Essentials 2018 credential that leads to an open badge.
Click here to view the most frequently asked questions relating to TOGAF


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Although gambling is the number one reason that pushes anyone to go to Las Vegas, there is another reason. This reason is roller coaster rides as Las Vegas is home to the craziest roller coasters in the world. These rides are present in the Las Vegas Strip. In this street, thrill seekers can get to ride three of the speediest roller coaster rides that have terrifying angles and runs at scary speeds. This concentration of speedy and scary roller coasters is rarely found outside the gates of an amusement park, so for it to be available on that street is certainly one of the reasons that attracts people to come to Las Vegas.
As soon as travelers get out of their cabs at The New York Hotel & Casino, they will start to hear the loud screams of people on The Manhattan Express. This roller coaster ride comes from the casino and heads outside until it goes past the entrance of the hotel. This infernal ride is designed in order to simulate what the pilots experience when they are in their jet fighters. This ride costs fourteen bucks and it features the skyline of New York in the background. It is more than 203 feet high and drops over 144 feet at sixty-seven mph.
The second ride is called the Canyon Blaster and it can be found at Circus Circus, its maximum speed is fifty-five mph. As for the third ride, it can be found at the Stratosphere Hotel, it is called X-Scream.


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Boasting of a picture perfect cityscape, Chicago, the third most populous city of the United States is extensively visited by tourists and professionals alike. Often nicknamed "Chi-Town" or "The Windy City", Chicago attracts swarms of tourists each year, on account of its resounding nightlife and waterfront allure. The city's rich cultural heritage and notability has been duly expressed through various novels, plays, and other works of artistic and literary creation. Too bad its economy is in the doldrums.
Tough Times for Chicagoans
Chicago is also a bustling business hub and is on the list of the world's most prominent business centers. The metropolitan area is home to scads of corporate headquarters that have not left this bankrupt state because of high taxes and excessive regulations. A high level of diversification has made it one of the cities with the most balanced economies in America but this does make up for the high pay of teachers who are striking right now while private sector workers face high taxes and a poor business climate.
A Wonderful Idea
If you are planning to temporary relocate to Chicago, a self-storage service provider could make your life simpler. In case you have limited storage space, your surplus furniture and other items can be easily stored with Chicago self storage facilities. Before you choose a service provider for the same however, a detailed idea of the range of services offered by storage companies in Chicago would certainly come in handy.
Packing and Moving Services
Some of these storage utility services in Chicago would also be offering additional assistance for unloading your stuff that you want to store for now. They would be responsible for renting a truck, loading your stuff and unloading it to provide for a safe and secure storage. Therefore, if you are looking for comprehensive assistance for packing and storing your art, kitchen cooking items, boxes of books and so forth, it would be essential to seek one such service provider.
Mobile Storage
If you opt for a mobile storage service, your storage company would be delivering a storage container to your driveway or on your curbside, to allow you to pack your TV, tables, chairs, and so forth in the fashion of your choice. Once the container has been packed, it would either remain on your property or would be taken away and stored in a warehouse of your choice.
Free Pick Up and Storage
If you require a pickup service for collecting your items from your property and carrying them to the premises of the service provider, the same would also be extended by certain storage facility providers. You simply need to check into this.
Scores of other services offered by Chicago storage facilities include special and value added features like the ones required for storing fragile items, combustible or hazardous goods, and valuable items. You should know enough about these choices in order to make a prudent decision.
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To glimpse Donyale Werle's set for Rajiv Joseph's The North Pool at the Vineyard is to return to the futility, pettiness, and misery of high school. (And I actually liked my high school.) Joseph locates this contrived two-hander in the office of Vice Principal Dr. Danielson (Stephen Barker Turner). The sight of his shelves and walls—those binders, clipboards, files, and Successories posters—may plunge the doughtiest theatergoer into paroxysms of adolescent despair.
Unfortunately, little in the script rivals the evocative power of this room. As the bell rings for spring break, Danielson summons new student Khadim (Babak Tafti) for a chat. The ostensible reason: Khadim has skipped French class. But the vice principal suspects the senior of more sinister acts—vandalism, terrorism, and abetting the death of a student. Danielson may seem to have the upper hand—he's older, white, and degreed. But he's also a loser and a bit of a racist. He tells Khadim, "It can be difficult when you have a different background." To which the richer, more worldly Khadim makes the faux-naif reply, "You mean coming from private school?"
If this seems like material for an electric pas de deux, it never quite galvanizes. Though Turner and Tafti, under Giovanna Sardelli's direction, are both strong performers, a stilted script hampers them. Joseph has shown himself a talented playwright with dramas large (Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo) and small (Animals Out of Paper). Yet the interactions here seem forced and often factitious. Would Danielson really continue to pronounce Khadim's name with the plosive "K" rather than the fricative "H" once corrected? Would the threat of detention keep Khadim in the room so long? At a few moments, the action threatens to spark into something more stimulating, but the script toes lines rather than crossing them, and keeps the stakes surprisingly low. For all its implied threat and menace, the waters in The North Pool run pretty shallow.


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Tetanus is a serious infectious disease caused by bacteria usually found in the soil.
Keep cuts and grazes covered while working in the garden. Make sure to clean any injury straight away.
Tetanus bacteria enter the body through wounds such as cuts, grazes and puncture wounds. This could happen, for example, from a scratch or cutting yourself when gardening.
Bacteria in the wound produce a toxin. This toxin causes:
- the muscles to stiffen around the jaw, neck, back, chest, abdomen and limbs
- sometimes, a high temperature and sweating
- nerve irritation, which leads to severe muscle spasms and difficulty in breathing.
Someone with tetanus will be very sick and need to go to hospital. Children and old people are especially at risk.
Childhood Immunisation
Available from HealthEd.
Safer and Healthier Gardening
Available from HealthEd.
The symptoms usually appear within 4–5 days. They include:
- weakness
- stiffness
- cramps
- difficulty in chewing and swallowing food.
It's important to protect babies from tetanus by getting them immunised on time. They're not protected until they've had all 3 doses.
All babies in New Zealand can be immunised against tetanus as part of their free childhood immunisations at 6 weeks, 3 months and 5 months old.
Booster doses are given to children when they're 4 and 11 years old.
This disease is covered on the New Zealand Immunisation Schedule. The vaccines used are INFANRIX®- hexa, INFANRIX-IPVTM and BoostrixTM.
Continuing protection
To ensure protection continues, a tetanus booster is offered at 45 and 65 years of age. Boosters may also be needed after some cuts, grazes and wounds when you'll need to see your doctor. The vaccine is free but you'll need to pay a small administration fee. Ask your doctor or nurse for more information.
Making a decision about immunisation
Risks associated with tetanus
- The bacteria produce toxins which cause painful muscle spasms and lockjaw.
- Hospital intensive care treatment is needed.
- About 1 in 10 patients dies.
- The risk is greatest for the very young or old.
Risks associated with the vaccine
- About 0.5 to one in 100,000 recipients may develop nerve inflammation (pain and weakness) in the arm.
Immunisation is your choice. If you have questions, talk to your doctor or practice nurse or call the Immunisation Advisory Centre free helpline 0800 IMMUNE (0800 466 863).


text: The research in A Guide to LGBTQ+ Inclusion on Campus, Post-PULSE is premised on the notion that, because we cannot choose our sexual, racial, ethnic, cultural, political, geographic, economic, and chronological origins, with greater advantage comes greater responsibility to redistribute life's resources in favor of those whose human rights are compromised and who lack the fundamental necessities of life. Among these basic rights are access to higher education and to positive campus experiences. Queer folk and LGBTQ+ allies have collaborated on this new text in response to the June 16, 2016 targeted murder of 49 innocent victims at the PULSE nightclub, Orlando, Florida. Seasoned and novice members of the academy will find professional empowerment from these authors as they explicitly discuss multiple level theory, policy, and strategies to support LGBTQ+ campus inclusion. Their work illuminates how good, bad, and indeterminate public legislation impacts LGBTQ+ communities everywhere, and it animates multiple layers of campus life, ranging from lessons within a three-year-old day care center to policy-making among senior administration. May the power of well-chosen words continue to deepen our understanding, clarify our communication, and empower us all as pro-LGBTQ+ campus activists.


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Drayton support GSK to secure Global President for their US-based skincare business.
Non-Exec Chairman for high growth personal care business
An exciting opportunity for a commercially-biased, senior leader to join the Board of a high growth consumer business.
Product Innovation Manager for global brand of baby and infant products
tommee tippee remains one of the most trusted and recognisable baby brands in the world.


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Villagers' answer to leopard attacks: public toilets
Appeals for public facilities in area multiply after 50-year-old woman, who was answering nature's call in Aarey Colony, was mauled to death
While officials of the Thane Forest Department trapped a leopard, whom the residents of Maroshi Pada in Aarey Colony believe had killed Shwetha Paghe (50) while she was answering nature's call on Friday night, villagers said construction of public toilets in the area was needed to prevent future attacks.
One of the villagers said, "Politicians from all the parties visit our pada before elections, but disappear for the next five years after they win. We personally feel the only way to prevent further leopard attacks is by constructing community toilets in the area. Our children and women have to go in the wild to answer nature's call. If the government constructs public toilets in our area, then such incidents will never happen. We will soon be writing to the local public representatives to take a serious note of the issue and construct public toilets at the earliest."
Forest department officials set a cage in the pada on Saturday evening to capture the animal. Around 10.30 pm on Saturday, the leopard walked into the cage to eat the live bait that was kept inside to lure the animal.
Rakesh Wadkar, one of the locals, said, "We have been staying in the pada for ages and have often spotted leopards in the area. But we are shocked because this is the first time that a human being was attacked. I feel attacks can be prevented if the government constructs public toilets in the area, so that people don't have to go in the open to answer nature's call."
Several such leopard attacks had occurred in the past when the animal mistook the crouching person for a small prey.
Commenting on the leopard's capture, Director and Chief Conservator of Forests Sunil Limaye said, "First of all I would like to make it clear that the captured animal is a suspected killer, because we are not sure whether it was the same one that attacked the women. We have brought the animal to the leopard rehabilitation centre at SGNP and are monitoring its behaviour. The leopard is a full-grown male — aged between four and five years —and is already fitted with an electronic chip. Also, we have images of the same leopard that were captured through our camera traps. The animal is completely fit and at present has been kept under observation. We will release it back into the forest in a day or two."
Local MNS Corporator Avinash Sawant said, "In order to avoid further attacks, I have decided to provide halogen lights to the villagers, which they should install in the area so that animal does not come near their houses. I will make sure that public toilets are constructed using corporator fund."
Rajesh Sanap of Mumbaikars for SGNP, which works with Borivli national officials on a regular basis, said, "The leopard trapped on Saturday night is the one that was captured by our camera trap set at Kanheri caves a few months ago. I personally feel that attack on humans will come down if people ensure that somebody accompanies them whenever they step out to answer nature's call in the night. They should always carry a torch with them."
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Publication Archive
This archive contains all documents published by cep over the last few years:
cepAdhoc: Incisive comment on current EU policy issues.
cepPolicyBrief: Concise 4-page reviews of EU proposals (Regulations, Directives, Green Papers, White Papers, Communications) – including a brief summary and economic and legal assessments.
cepInput: Impulse to current discussions of EU policies.
cepStudy: Comprehensive examination of EU policy proposals affecting the economy.
The Commission wants to combat unfair trading practices by laying down requirements on the content of contracts between companies in the supply chain. Unfair trading practices result from unequal negotiating power and unequal levels of information on the part of the contracting parties.
The European Commission intends to promote the dissemination of green products and green commercial practices by ways of transparency and consistency with the labelling of environmental performances of products and practices. Within a three-year test phase, the Commission recommends to apply its developed methods of the "Product Environmental Footprint" and that of the "Organisation Environmental Footprint".
By contrast with train drivers, there is currently no EU-wide standard certification of safety-critical qualifications for train crew entrusted with safety-critical tasks. The Commission views this as a obstacle to employee mobility and therefore wants to introduce EU-wide standard training for train crew.
The Directive aims to ensure a minimum level of network and information security. The Commission wants to impose technical requirements and reporting obligations on certain market operators and public authorities. The Member States are to adopt strategies for network and information security.
The European Commission's proposal for a 7th Environment Action Programme (EAP) allows an overall view of current and future environment policy initiatives to 2020. It contains a broad palette of proposals relating to objectives and measures but leaves open the actual form that measures are to take. As well as the deficiencies in implementation of existing EU environment legislation, the Commission also brings up the increased use of market-based instruments.
In 2011, the Commission proposed a Directive for an FTT for the whole of the EU but the required unanimous agreement of the Council could not be achieved. The Commission is now proposing to introduce the FTT by way of enhanced cooperation between eleven Member States. The FTT is intended to generate more tax revenue and increase stability in the financial markets.
Railway undertakings need a safety certification to be allowed to use railway infrastructure. Railway vehicles need to obtain an authorisation. The present processes for obtaining safety certifications and authorisation for railway vehicles are long and costly. The Commission intends to reduce the duration and cost of the certification and authorisation processes by less and more coherent national rules, by introducing an EU-wide uniform certification and by giving more powers to the European Railway Agency (ERA).
The Commission wants to stimulate cross-border e-commerce and, for this purpose, is considering regulating the parcel delivery market.