text:
His partnership with my aunt had made him a member of our household, and he had been acquainted with our projects. In fact, a lot of individuals address their connection troubles via person therapy, and then they apply that studying in context with their partners. Acquiring into a rebound relationship and that too ahead of you are accomplished with your old partnership, can be unfair as you will not be capable to express the feelings required to sustain a relationship. Freud argued that transference lies at the core of the therapeutic relationship but it also can be a considerable component of educative relationships. Only when you are communicating in the correct way, will you get back on track and start to repair your relationship. Take responsibility for producing the strong, loving partnership that you want nowadays.
When you find out to appreciate and respect, and communicate in a good manner, then you can start to repair the harm and give your partnership a opportunity to get back on track. At times, becoming close friends can be problematic when you move on to an additional connection and pangs of jealousy are bound to come about with your ex. Each and every week, I have wives call me up simply because they want a happier, much more affectionate, much more intimate, far more romantic, and more sexual marriage connection with their husband. Likewise the really essential rewards of becoming in a partnership can only be assessed by the individuals concerned.
We can usually measure sacrifice towards a relationship in terms of funds foregone but that is not actually valuable. You will very first need to realize the lead to for a rebound partnership to occur. There are 3 issues you can do to clear your way to attracting your best connection from blocks and limiting beliefs. In this kind of a relationship even the monetary obligations of marriage are absent. In other words, in an educative partnership all sorts of items might be 'placed upon' educators.
If you carry on as prior to, then nothing will change and the connection can not be saved. Andrew is a passionate partnership coach who assists couples heal right after their marriage has been rocked by an affair. The same with younger or even adult youngsters seeing their parents in a connection other than their fathers or mothers can be depressing and even hurtful. You can then make a conscious choice to take them on and live with them, or determine that they sabotage the long-term sustainability of your partnership and walk away while you nevertheless can with significantly significantly less pain and price than additional down the road.
Several therapy approaches have been designed for couples in distinct, such as Imago Relationship Therapy , but any kind of therapy can assist with partnership problems. If you are typically fighting and having arguments and when the triggering aspect of your fights is a betrayal, a lie or a difference in core values then it may well …


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Beatles fans – you can now own a part of Strawberry Field. John Lennon's half-sister Julia Baird is behind the effort to raise money to redevelop the site of the original building that was demolished. Bricks are being sold for approximately 100-dollars each
The Jacksonville family home of Ronnie, Donnie and Johnny Van Zant is now designated as a Florida heritage site.
Who drummer Kenney Jones has released his memoir "Let The Good Times Roll: My Life In Small Faces, Faces and The Who."
Who are the best drummers? Here's a list published by New Musical Express.
Guitar World has put together a list of the Top 30 songs that feature a 12-string guitar.
There's a graphic novel version of The Beatles' Yellow Submarine being readied for release August 28th.
Bono fell down a set of stairs during the U2 show in Chicago.
Because of some controversial money moves, shifting the Grammy Awards to New York City this year cost its charity a lot of money.
Rod Stewart and his wife, Penny Lancaster, met with Pope Francis on Wednesday outside the Vatican.
John Fogerty and Billy Gibbons have recorded a new song together that they are performing together on tour and which will be released this Friday (June 8th.)
Scorpions singer Klaus Meine just turned 70, and his fellow rocker friends got together to wish him well.
Eric Clapton's websites and social media accounts are warning fans about scams in his name.
Jimmy Buffett's Broadway musical "Escape to Margaritaville" will close on July 1st.
Roger Daltrey has released his first solo album in 26 years: "As Long As I Have You".
Randy Bachman is the subject of new documentary.
Styx did a live performance of one of their songs for the first time since 1983 on the first night of their summer tour last week.
NBC will present the 1968 Broadway smash "Hair" as its next live television broadcast musical sometime in the spring of 2019.
Motley Crue drummer Tommy Lee's L.A. area home is back on the market, for a lot less money than he bought it for.
Heart's Ann Wilson is releasing her new solo album called "Immortal" on September 14th. It features ten songs from some of her favorite artists who have passed on: David Bowie, Glenn Frey and Chris Cornell.
A sculpture of late Led Zeppelin drummer John Bonham was unveiled in his hometown of Redditch, England on what would have been his 70th birthday.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
McKay's Markets specializes in the groceries your family needs. Whatever you are looking for, you'll find it at McKay's Markets. Visit our supermarket and see what we have to offer.
Store Address:
65 10th Street SE
Bandon, OR 97411
Owner: Employee Owned
Manager: Jason Black
Assistant Manager: Steve Hasel
Phone: (541) 347-2265
Fax: (541) 347-4112


text:
how the children in your life the awe-inspiring connection between the natural world and the God who created it.
The bestselling children's devotional Indescribable: 100 Devotions About God and Science resonated with more than 200,000 kids, parents, and teachers. Now Louie Giglio offers 100 more devotions about God and science that will expand the curiosity of your 6- to 10-year-olds. Including amazing scientific facts, beautiful photography, fun illustrations, and simple activities, How Great Is Our God covers topics like
Space and time
Earth and weather
The human body
And more!
With this science devotional, which is based on Giglio's well-known "How Great Is Our God" and "Indescribable" messages, children will embark on a journey to discover more about God and His incredible creation. From the pink lake in Senegal to the earth's trip around the sun to the water-holding frog that can live up to five years without a drink, the wonders of the universe will deepen your kids' appreciation for God's wild imagination.
Louie Giglio is pastor of Passion City Church and founder of the Passion Movement, which exists to call a generation to leverage their lives for the fame of Jesus.
Since 1997, Passion has gathered collegiate-aged young people at events across the US and around the world, uniting millions of students in worship, prayer, and justice.
In addition to the collegiate gatherings of Passion Conferences, Louie and his wife, Shelley, lead the teams at Passion City Church, sixstepsrecords, and the Passion Global Institute.
Louie is the author of The Comeback, The Air I Breathe, I Am Not But I Know I Am, Goliath Must Fall, and Indescribable.
Louie and Shelley make their home in Atlanta, Georgia.
Nicola Anderson has been an illustrator and graphic designer since she could hold a crayon in her hand but has been working professionally since 2001. After many years working in the design industry, she now crafts imaginary worlds from her home studio, AndoTwin Studio, in Manchester, UK. During this time, she has worked with an eclectic range of clients and has loved every minute!


text:
The wind has changed direction in America. But don't be fooled. A changing wind doesn't automatically bring sobriety among the population.
They diligently taught the children to live godless lives. Hear their vows to continue. See how violence takes the place of godly words.
The season has changed but the people haven't. What was will come again.
While it is a political Spring, teach your children its meaning. Teach them to know the difference. We have 4 years to prepare. Winter will come soon enough. Spring is for tilling and planting.
When the dark wind blows again, will your godly wisdom have produced godliness in your family? Will the coming change see strength or will it see capitulation? Tend to your farm!
This world is still at war with the will of God in Christ. That's not about to change. Use this next 4 years to ready a people who are willing to learn to love Him. Or we are very likely to see an even deeper rooted godlessness Spring up.
Be wise in Christ. Be driven by God. Be diligent. TEACH.


text:
My Story
Falling pregnant with our daughter Ava Madeline was the most exciting time for my husband and I. We spent the first three months blissfully basking in our little secret but then suddenly by the fourth month we were hit with a realisation of all that was needed for her arrival. From my own experience I learnt that preparing needed organisation and management, all of which was to be combined with a whirlwind of emotions that come with pregnancy!
The seed had been planted and I steadily worked on a plan to launch The Baby Service. I was determined to create a place away from the hustle and bustle of department stores, a place where you can select and ask endless questions and not have to worry about missing something off the list. Having lived and worked in the city I also recognised that many like myself were still venturing into London for the extra special bits. I wanted to bring this to Surrey and provide a solution for busy schedules.
With a previous career in Marketing and PR my skill set came into play very quickly and I developed a strong business plan. I was lucky enough to combine the two things that I love, 1. Preparing for baby's arrival 2. The administration of organising and managing the process. I enjoy the challenge of making sure every experience is enjoyable and stress free. Now I am able to provide a service that shares the feelings of anticipation, excitement and joy from expectant parents.


text:
Lino Brocka, Bicolano National Artist for Film, remembered
Brocka, who hails from Pilar, Sorsogon, took his social activist spirit to the screen, leaving behind 66 films which breathed life and hope for the marginalized sectors of society — slumdwellers, prostitutes, construction workers, among others.
He also directed for theater with equal zeal and served in organizations that offer alternative visions.
To name a few, Brocka's films include the following: "Santiago" (1970), "Wanted: Perfect Mother" (1970), "Tubog sa Ginto" (1971), "Stardoom" (1971), "Tinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang" (1974), "Maynila: Sa Kuko ng Liwanag" (1975), "Insiang" (1976), "Jaguar" (1979), "Bona" (1980), "Macho Dancer" (1989), "Orapronobis" (1989), "Makiusap Ka sa Diyos" (1991).
Brocka died in a car accident on May 21, 1991.


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8:19 AM PST 11/28/2015 by Jonathan Holland, The Hollywood Reporter
An Argentinean doc about an American double agent in the 80s and 90s.
At giddying speed, Crazy Che strips back,the life and times of Bill Gaede, a driven American who during the 80s and 90s dealt in industrial espionage: first for Cuba and the Soviet Union, and then for the U.S. Anyone who's ever suspected that the spying game is just that — an elaborate way for certain kinds of driven people to keep themselves entertained — will find their suspicions confirmed by a documentary that's just as fast and frenzied as its distinctive hero.
Digital surveillance may mean that the days of the good old, raincoat-wearing, fast-thinking spy, of which Gaede is definitely one, are numbered, which makes Crazy Che, with its 80s cassette tapes and handicams, a bit of a nostalgic homage too. Festivals should warm to a well-put together package with no pretentions other than to properly tell a good yarn.
The original intention of directors Iacouzzi and Chehebar — whose radically different last film was about a plague of Patagonian beavers — was to shoot a doc about Argentinean scientists working abroad. But when they came across the unlikely figure of Gaede – now a physics professor working in Germany, and working on his theory of the universe – they understandably changed their minds.
In his 20s, Gaede became seduced by the high ideals of Communism and Castro, and decided to supply them with technical information about integrated circuitry produced at the large Silicon Valley company where he worked. Rarely has the manufacture of microchips been filmed as excitingly as it is here.
He was invited to Cuba to meet Castro, but that never happened — instead, the poverty he saw in Havana disillusioned him with communism. Falling in with the likes of Jose 'Pepe' Cohen and Roland (sic) Sarraf Trujillo (recently released from jail following the Cuban thaw and referenced by President Obama himself in one of the film's final sequences) Gaede did an about turn and started supplying classified Cuban info to the FBI with the aim of overthrowing his former hero Castro. Gaede doesn't seem to care much who falls, but it all ended for him with 33 months in jail.
Review continues here: Crazy Che


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To the Editor
The Boston Transcript
January 11, 1908
from William Lloyd Garrison, Jr.
Lexington, Mass.
To the Editor: There exists in Boston a group of colored men possessing a weekly organ conspicuous for its hostility to Booker T. Washington. Viewing him as a self-seeker influenced by unworthy motives, they lose no opportunity to criticize his acts and asperse his character. Agreeing with them, concerning the value of agitation to rectify wrongs, and uncompromisingly demanding for the Negro equal civil and political rights, I nevertheless, protest against the unfair spirit of their attacks upon Mr. Washington. To my mind it betrays a personal animosity and a distorted vision.
This condition of things, beginning with a lawless attempt to interfere with free speech in a public meeting, which culminated in the arrest of the ringleader, has reached the proportion of a scandal, grieving many steadfast friends of the race. Affecting to see in Mr. Washington's recent address at the Whittier celebration in Amesbury indications of veering in the direction favored by the paper in question, the editor thus insultingly declares: "In all of his speeches we have noticed the results of the flogging which it has been our painful duty to inflict, 'many a time and oft'." In the number of the paper containing these words, I was made inferentially to appear in harmony with such an attitude, detached quotations from Mr. Washington and myself being printed in contrast and with the prominent headlines: "William Lloyd Garrison vs. Booker T. Washington." Disclaiming the antagonism, and expressing my plain opinion of the proceeding, I wrote a dissenting letter to the editor. As its publication was refused, I am constrained to give it publicity through other channels. Excepting the introductory paragraph, the following is substantially the rejected communication:
"The assumption that such critics are actuated by a superior fidelity to principle is unwarranted. Had Mr. Washington ever betrayed a purpose to sacrifice principles for the prosperity of his institution, these frequent attacks upon him by members of his race would be intelligible. But upon the two distinct points of censure—those limiting the Negro to industrial pursuits and an indifference to the suffrage—Dr. Washington speaks with a no uncertain sound. He sets no metes or bounds to the Negro's aspiration for learning, nor does he acquiesce in the annulment of the Fifteenth Amendment. While naturally giving emphasis to the particular field which Tuskegee covers, he is careful to demand for the race every right conceded to White fellow-citizens.
"There is cruelty in these aspersions. Mr. Washington is working in the most inflammable portion of the South. He not only carries the burden of a great university, but upon his shoulders has fallen the mission to disarm sectional hostility, to draw support from Southern Whites with inherited prejudices that must be allayed, ever to keep a hopeful front under circumstances which at times chill his heart, to discern events in their proper proportion, never to allow discouragement to blind him to the real signs of promise, and to preserve a serenity and poise that are a marvel to his friends and a confusion to his enemies. What unusual qualities meet and blend in one capable of such achievement!
"How easy for colored men with academic advantages, secure in the stronghold of anti-slavery sentiment, to affect disdain and indulge in bitter speech! It cost nothing and is no evidence of courage. Where an occasional office is tossed to a colored man by way of reward for political service, how quickly, as is the case with the White office-holder, do circumspection and subservience overtake him? He may be eloquent in denouncing the rendition of fugitive slaves when the law demanded it, and yet evince no scruple in helping to deport poor Chinamen for the crime of seeking larger opportunity and freedom in Boston. And a salaried position under the City Government insures his support of a corrupt administration. Yet Booker Washington is held to an ideal standard which not one of his critics would dream of realizing in the same situation.
"To twist my statement of expressed conviction into an intended reproach on this leader of his race is to convey a false impression. I wonder at his patience, wisdom, courage and sagacity. For myself, with no restraint of speech, save those of fealty to truth and the requirements of justice, I am able to wield a free lance. He, on the contrary, lives in a region where a whisper at times precipitates the avalanche. That he is permitted to declare himself with the frankness that he does, is only explicable on the ground that his sincere purpose and upright character compel public respect and confidence.
"But, however the colored people may differ with each other regarding methods and policies, there is room enough for all to help in the regenerating work without the unseemly strife that divides and weakens their efforts. Personally, I beg to be spared further employment of my words to discredit one who, in the consideration of the thinking civilized world, is the most remarkable living American, Black or White, and to whom both races owe an immeasurable debt."
The first sentence is referring to William Monroe Trotter, his newspaper and his cohorts.


text:
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Nouveau client? Commencer ici.Mon compte Mes Commandes Ma Liste d'Envies Mes Coupons Mes Points Mes Références BGpay
2019-10-23 13:45:17
This radio is great !! Channel 4 is described as 2 position but You can still set it in middle and it will work as 3 position but will just not click in there :) buttons described as channel 5 and 6 control both channels !! When servo is connected to channel 5 and You push button ch5 servo will rotate to maximum position in one direction and stay there until You release it. Button ch6 will do the same bu servo will rotate in other direction :) When You connect servo to channel 6 and push CH5 button
2020-07-21 06:58:48
I received the package after 19 days through the priority line. The product is good, corresponds to the description.
2020-07-14 11:00:07
ciao ,la scatola è arrivata danneggiata per via del viaggio ma la radio funziona perfettamente ,da comprare anche il 6 ch
2019-10-16 16:15:20
arrived very fast, packed pretty lightly, but the item's box is designed to handle travels. the controller looks well built, feels like decent bang for the buck. this one is for the large hand person. not so compact. design is nice and clean. wish the wheel would have some softer cover.
2020-06-13 00:45:40
The box was cut up inside the packaging arrived so to me!
2020-02-06 22:56:55
juste parfait
2020-07-31 00:06:36
me encantó super buena calidad, solo falta probarlo
2020-01-10 20:48:02
package banged up but everything is good no damages
2019-10-07 19:52:11
Good for the price, plastic wheel tho, comes with 6ch receiver
2020-07-13 10:18:19
The receiver burned out on first use! measured voltage 4.8V! No reason to burn out! As there are no spare receivers on the site, order = zero! The transmitter is no use alone! 25euros thrown away ...... waist of time an money! DON'T recommend! Search for on set with spare receiver available! :(:(:(
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text:
Nihonbashi, located on the eastern side of Tokyo, is one of popular shopping sites to both Japanese locals and tourists. Nihonbashi was one of the biggest commerce districts during Edo period, from early 17th Century to late 19th Century. Because of that, many great historical shops are still left in Nihonbashi, continuing for generations and generations, and most of them for more than 100 years.
"Nihonbashi Information Center", the tourist information located on the B1 floor of the shopping mall COREDO Muromachi 1, provides tourist information and many pamphlets about the area. I found a map introducing historical shops in Nihonbashi area.
Here is my historical shopping journey on the day.
Start: Nihonbashi Dashi Bar (日本橋だし場)
When I went up the escalator from B1 floor to 1st floor, I saw people gathering at a shop. This shop was "Ninben". Ninben is a dashi (Japanese broth) shop continuing more than 300 years. There are several branches in Japan, but this branch of Ninben offers "Dashi Bar", where you can enjoy a cup of dashi soup and some small snacks from 100 yen.
I had a cup of Katsuo dashi (bonito dashi) and another cup of Awase dashi (mixed dashi, bonito and seaweed) and also a pork bun.
There are salt and soy sauce on the table, so you can add some flavors to enjoy the difference. Both of the soups were delicate, and since it was a chilly day, they warmed up my body.
1. Nihonbashi Saruya (日本橋さるや)
Saruya, to me, was very interesting because this is the only shop in Japan which is specialized in manufacturing and selling toothpick!
Even though the shop specializes in toothpicks, the shop was established in 1704, which means it also continues for more than 300 years! Their toothpicks are all handmade. The website says that the only amount they can produce per day is only 400 pieces. They produce not only the toothpicks itself. Wooden boxes to put toothpicks in are various. Especially the case with the zodiac of the year is produced on every new year and are extremely cute.
They can put your names on the case. Need to pre-order a week ago.
Yubendo is a shop specializes in calligraphy equipment but also has Japanese style stationaries made from washi, Japanese paper. The shop was established in 1912 and continues for more than 100 years.
The shop was pretty small but had lots of cute items. Especially they had a wide selection of letter related items, such as letter pads and envelopes and cards. I bought some tiny envelopes and small origami paper box with stickers for myself.
It was very fun to explore washi paper products. They also had paint materials for Japanese paintings, some of them seemed very rare.
3. Yagicho Honten (八木長本店)
Yagicho is another dashi shop. Yagicho continues for more than 270 years in Nihonbashi, selling dashi related products such as bonito flakes and dried fish.
The shop's best product for souvenirs is bonito crackers. It is an easy way to taste the flavor of their bonito. Another product I found good is their dashi starter set. They had a package of bonito flakes, seaweed, and other dashi materials so that beginners can easily experience making a delicious dashi stock at home.
4. Kuroeya (黒江屋)
Kuroeya is the shop sells lacquer ware from all over Japan. The shop was established in 1689. The shop was a bit hard to find because it was on the second floor of the building looks like merely an office building.
Once you enter the store on the third floor, you will be surprised at their variation of lacquer products; from traditional to modern lacquer goods, such as Japanese soup bowls to iPhone case! I found the hand mirror made of lacquer and thought it was very cute.
Be careful that usually Kuroeya shop is closed on weekends.
5. Eitaro Sohonpo (榮太樓總本舗)
Eitaro Sohonpo is a Japanese sweets and snack shop established in 1857. They have branches all over Tokyo such as in major department stores, but this Nihonbashi is the main branch.
The cafe by the shop offers Japanese sweets for eat-ins such as Anmitsu and matcha ice cream.
Their triangular candy called "Umeboshi-Ame" is the signature product. This recipe is continued since Edo period. I bought a box of this candy and tasted it, very natural sugar flavor felt very good.
6. Haibara (榛原)
Haibara is another specialty shop about Japanese papers. The shop looks more modern than Yubendo, and products they have are also have somewhat modern taste, leaving traditional feeling mixed together.
They have various products, from letters to postcards, envelopes, coasters, or small objects made from Japanese paper washi. I am sure you will find something you get interested here.
Bonus: A little break with Japanese sweets at Yamamotoyama (山本山)
I walked pretty much, so before I go home, I stopped by a cafe in Yamamotoyama. Yamamotoyama is known for nori (dried seaweed) and Japanese tea, especially sencha green tea. This place is not only perfect for shopping some green tea leaves or nori for your souvenir, but also in their in-store cafe, you get to taste various types of Japanese sencha green tea with Japanese sweets.
Why don't you try different tea leaves and find your favorite to take home with?
Places information
Nihonbashi Dashi Bar (日本橋だし場)
Address: COREDO Muromachi 1, 1st floor, 2-2-1 Nihonbashi Muromachi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo
Website: http://www.ninben.jp/store/
Nihonbashi Information Center
Address: COREDO Muromachi 1 B1 floor, 2-2-1 Nihonbashi Muromachi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo
Website: http://www.nihonbashi-tokyo.jp/en/information_center/
Nihonbashi Saruya
Address: 1-12-5, Nihonbashimuromachi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo
Website: http://www.nihonbashi-saruya.co.jp/ (Japanese Only)
Address: 1-6-6, Nihonbashimuromachi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo
Website: http://www.yubendo.co.jp/ (Japanese Only)
Yagicho Honten
Address: 1-7-2, Nihonbashimuromachi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo
Website: http://www.yagicho-honten.jp/index.html (Japanese Only)
Address: 2F Kuroeya Kokubu Bldg., 1-2-6, Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo
Website: http://kuroeya.tokyo/
Eitaro Sohonpo
Address: 1-2-5, Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo
Website: http://www.eitaro.com/ (Japanese Only)
Address: 2-7-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Tokyo Nihombashi Tower
Website: http://www.haibara.co.jp/en/
Address: 2 Chome-10-2 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo
Website: http://www.yamamotoyama-usa.com/


text:
- Your current position:
- Research >
- Heidelberg Research Architecture
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The Heidelberg Research Architecture (HRA)
The Heidelberg Research Architecture (HRA) focuses on digital humanities research, implementation and teaching. We offer project consultation and trainings for researchers and students. We also support digital resource development throughout the whole life-cycle of research data, and maintain a small MediaLab. As a cooperation partner at local, national, and international level we work together with partners from the public as well as the private sector. We are committed to Open Science, and strive to make data, research, and code available to the public wherever possible.
Over the last years we were actively involved in a number of different projects. To get an overview about our previous projects please have a look at the "Projects" section.
The result of many projects was some kind of digital output, which can be everything from a little .kmz file to full fledged databases. If you are interested in learning more about results from digital research, please have a look into the "Digital Output" section.
The HRA also offers a number of services, both technical and practical. For more information please have a look into the "Services" section.
HRA - A short history
The Heidelberg Research Architecture (HRA) was established in 2007 as the Digital Humanities Unit of the Cluster of Excellence "Asia and Europe in a Global Context." It cooperates with strong regional players, like the Heidelberg University Library, the Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), and the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, in establishing a joint framework for Computational Humanities has that serves scholars working in an unusual variety of disciplines, regions and time frames. The HRA plays an active role in this process to enable interdisciplinary cooperation between highly specialized researchers in the Humanities and Computational Sciences; expand digital competence; develop new approaches for the integrative analysis of heterogeneous sources (Heidelberg is leading in 3D and hybrid approaches to audio/visual materials, texts, and artifacts), especially with regard to materials from non-European cultures.
During the Cluster's two funding periods (2007-2012 and 2012-2017) HRA made strategic moves towards a sustainable digital research environment embedded in a strong network of international partners as built in the past years. In the first phase of the Cluster "Asia and Europe," the HRA supported a number of stand-alone pilot projects. In the second phase, the team developed a collection management system designed for collaborative research using MODS and VRA standards for highly descriptive standardized metadata (Tamboti with Ziziphus). In the third phase, HRA--now part of the HCTS within the Centre for Asian and Transcultural Studies (CATS)--focused on how to sustain these data and enhance functionalities for future Digital and Computational Humanities projects.
N.b.: These sections draw from text passages written by Eric Decker in 2017/18.
Phase 1: Exploring the Digital - Setting the Scene for a Transcultural Approach
In Phase 1 the HRA supported a number of projects covering the whole bandwidth of the Cluster's (inter-) disciplinary spectrum. Pilot projects started to experiment with digital ways of approaching a broad variety of research material in many languages. These included text, image, video and audio material and often ephemeral sources like posters, lobby cards, posters, or comic books - objects not only challenging traditional scholarly discourse but also the available IT infrastructures
A main task for the HRA in Phase 1 was therefore to define the particular needs and requirements for making available resources offering themselves for a transcultural approach, and to evaluate existing IT and DH infrastructures at Heidelberg University and beyond. As a result the HRA began investing in the enhancement of existing technologies and the development of new solutions on the individual project level.
Some pilot projects were based on existing projects pre-dating the Cluster. This opened many opportunities for the HRA to explore the requirements of projects at an advanced state or even already completed in their development (e.g. WSC Wissenschaftssprache Chinesisch, Modern Chinese Scientific Terminologies).
Other projects were designed from scratch to test the potential of interdisciplinary research within a Humanities research cluster (e.g. Mothers and Fathers of the Nation).
These projects evolved over time, influenced each other and planted the seeds for further fruitful collaborations both within the Cluster and with international partners.
Selected projects originating in Phase 1:
- Chinese Women's Magazines in the Late Qing and Early Republican Period (WoMag)
- HyperEvaluation and A New Mirror of Kāśī
- League of Nations Search Engine (LONSEA)
- Turkology Annual Online
- Mothers and Fathers of the Nation
- Wissenschaftssprache Chinesisch (WSC)
Phase 1 was a period of experimentation, searching for a system capable of managing digital research collections with multilingual metadata. Many of the individual projects were served at first with specific ad hoc solutions that served their purposes well. Our impression was, however, that while this approach leads to quick results, this should not obscure the fact that it only generates project-specific data-silos, not only non-interoperable but also prohibitively expensive to maintain beyond a project's funding period. This problem was approached in Phase 2.
Phase 2: Collaboration and Interoperability - International Standards and Institutional Infrastructure
In order to address issues of interoperability, cost and sustainability, the HRA started the conceptualisation of a digital research infrastructure. At its center was Tamboti, a central digital collection management system based on international metadata standards and capable of supporting multiple projects.
Tamboti offered the possibility for users and user groups with different disciplinary background to share their data and work on different types of research material (text, image, video and audio) collaboratively. Shifting to Tamboti implied a change from project specific solutions to more collaborative and institutional approaches. The HRA began with the development of a software stack to support Transcultural Studies research. It also started to invest in the improvement of existing multi-project platforms such as the image annotation platform HyperImage and the video annotation platform Pan.do/ra.
The underlying philosophy of this institutional infrastructure was the use of highly descriptive metadata standards. We adapted the Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS) developed by the Library of Congress and the VRA-Core 4 Schema developed by the Visual Resources Association to cover the specific requirements in many of our user scenarios.
Based on these standards the HRA developed tools that enable researchers from different disciplines to create standardised metadata collections. Taking this approach individual research data is no longer locked in project specific data silos but can easily be exchanged between different research groups. The software development process profited from the immediate application of the solutions in teaching and research. Direct requests and feedback from researchers and students strengthened the development process.
During this phase the HRA built up a strong expertise in software development using XML related technologies and teamed up with external developers from eXist Solutions and betterFORM to implement the digital research infrastructure covering Tamboti, Ziziphus and Atomic Wiki. Even projects with extremely specific requirements like SARIT, a project focused on Enriching Digital Text Collections in Indology, have profited from the software development expertise the HRA provides.
Selected projects starting in Phase 2:
- Tamboti Collection Management System
- Hachiman Digital Handscrolls
- RetroDig
- Global Politics on Screen
- Early Chinese Periodicals Online (ECPO)
- HRA and research based teaching
The major achievement of Phase 2 was the establishment of our joint research infrastructure (Tamboti) that allows the HRA to service research projects across disciplinary and linguistic borders. The infrastructure now in place meets many of the requirements in research projects working with multilingual text, image, video and audio materials. Due to this strategy, the number of project specific data-silos could be reduced significantly. All digital metadata collections produced in Phase 2 come with a high degree of interoperability. The HRA not only provided the technical infrastructure but also documentation, training and consulting services to researchers.
Phase 3: Transition
With the transition of the Cluster into an institute with in the newly inaugurated Centre for Asian and Transcultural Studies (CATS), the HRA faced new challenges. The reduction of staff and resources resulted in discontinuation of active developments including Tamboti.
Not unlike analogue research environments, digital infrastructures need to be maintained, migrated, updated, restructured or replaced to meet the requirements and the high standards of the researcher. Due to fast-paced technology developments, parts of a digital infrastructure are far more prone to becoming obsolete than analogue data. A digital transition (from one technological environment to the next) is successful when the digital outcome of a project is preserved. To keep the digital outcome alive does not only mean data preservation, it also includes the way that data can be accessed, searched, queried, etc. Transitions always come at a cost - keeping them low is a key to a sustainable digital research environment. This allows to keep digital project output alive and protect major achievements and investments that have been made as a basis for future research. The lower the transition costs the greater the possibilities to invest in new innovative methods and tools for research. Transition phases not only occur at the end of a technology life cycle, but also when bringing digital outcome from several institutions together, to facilitate inter-institutional collaborations.
As a first approach, HRA used Data Future's freizo platform. In the process of the transformation, project data were opened up to new annotations-based data-extraction-methods.
HRA selected four showcases as examples for different scenarios:
You find us in the office at the KJC, ground floor, room 005b. We recommend to make an appointment with us by email firstname.lastname@example.com or by phone +49 (0) 6221 - 54 4094.
Former members:
Eric Decker
Peter Gietz
Matthias Guth
Heinz-Günter Kuper
Jens Ostergaard Peterson
Claudius Teodorescu
Dulip Withanage
- Jun 27, 2020
- Dec 10, 2019
May 07, 2019
Project presentation: Early Chinese Periodicals Online (ECPO)
- Apr 24, 2019
- Apr 11, 2019
- Apr 11, 2019


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Recently, my ClearlySo colleague Jonny Kates tweeted about a blog I had written in August last year about corporate capital and its potential to play a vital role in the funding of social enterprises.
I was genuinely excited about this possible influx and how it could amplify the efforts of government, Big Society Capital, social business angels and financial institutions. Not only do corporations have abundant financial resources, but there is much more they have to offer to the nascent social economy.
Considerable progress has been made; multinationals, for example, have offered sponsorship, mentoring and free or low-cost resources. ClearlySo has itself been a beneficiary of such corporate generosity and I would mention the names of these firms specifically, were it not to seem exceedingly cheesy and self-serving.
Nevertheless, I cannot help but feel that, on balance, the progress has been disappointing, particularly among those leading corporations that seemed most ready, willing and able to engage.
The best-known setback, which was nearly a disaster, involved the US software services group Salesforce, which recently sought to trademark the term 'social enterprise'. Eventually, to its credit, Salesforce relented, but not before causing considerable confusion and ill-will. This whole episode, which ClearlySo covered extensively on its blog, was especially surprising because Salesforce had previously seemed so willing to connect positively with the sector.
The main disappointment, however, stems from the simple lack of investment capital or substantial commercial flows into the sector from large corporations. I struggle to think of any notable developments along these lines and I believe a great opportunity is being missed. From this criticism, I exclude financial institutions, where solid progress is being made. Of course, readers are welcome to challenge me with examples of significant flows of corporate capital - in fact, I would love to be proved wrong.
Large corporations repeatedly state their intention to engage with the social enterprise sector - but, despite the good intentions, they generally lead nowhere. Instead, the corporations often absorb much of the meagre resources of social enterprises that could be used more productively elsewhere. I suspect that, on balance, large corporations have been a net user of, rather than a contributor to, the resource base of the social enterprise sector.
It is not all the fault of these multinational companies. As we warned last August, corporations move slowly and deliberately. But our sector has failed to be sufficiently creative and resourceful in capitalising on the good intentions of the many employees of the world's largest companies. Somehow, we have been unable to identify a critical client need or, as I have pointed out in the past, charge appropriately for the services we do render.
Perhaps this will just take time - more than most of us anticipated. But it is time for corporates to step up to the plate.
Rodney Schwartz is chief executive of ClearlySo, which helps social entrepreneurs raise capital


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Fuel Pump Upgrades
For Golf R and GTI and most TFSI engines we offer a fuel pump upgrade using Autotech internals as used and approved by Revotechnik allowing up to 50 %more flow than standard pumps across the midrange, this mod not improves throttle response and overall gains but increases power safely without the risk of running the engine lean which can cause major damage , a fitting service by our workshops is available with a new upgraded pump and or internals.
The low pressure fuel pump, which varies from ~40-95psi, delivers fuel from the fuel tank to the high pressure fuel pump. Then the high pressure, camshaft driven pump pressurises the fuel to upwards of 130bar (almost 1900psi) in order to spray fuel directly into the combustion chamber. Unfortunately on cars that have engine modifications, the stock fuel pump cannot flow enough volume of fuel to maintain the system pressure and the car suffers from the familiar fuel problems that so many modified customers experience.
The limitation of how much volume of fuel the high pressure pump can flow is dependent upon the volume displaced by the pressurising cylinder inside the pump and the number of times the piston reciprocates inside that cylinder. Since the high pressure pump is driven off of the engine camshaft by a three lobe cam the piston of the pump cycles at 1.5 times the engine rpm. (Engine camshaft turns at one-half engine rpm multiplied by three for the number of lobes on the high pressure cam lobe).
Due to this dependency on engine rpm for the high pressure fuel pump output volume, the FSI pump is capable of flowing almost 370hp at 7000 rpm but only 158hp at 3000rpm. The stock pump is insufficient for the output generated by this upgraded maps over stage 2. The only way to address this issue while maintaining a pump that fits in the stock location is to change the volume of the pump's internal pressurisation chamber.
In order to address the lack of fuel in the midrange, the upgraded fuel pump increases the volume of fuel from the high pressure pump by over 50%. Simplified, this is achieved by modifying some key internal parts within the pump. Changing these components requires precision machining of the new components with special surface treatments as well as enlarged, redesigned seals. Using inferior components on this critical part can lead to many problems from petrol in the engine oil from a bad seal, to complete engine failure from a seized piston in the high pressure pump.
To give an idea of the tolerances involved, the final surface finish on the piston inside the fuel pump is so critical that it can be damaged by touching them with bare hands. The tolerances between the piston and the new barrel the piston rides in can only be measured by a highly refined machine which uses air volumes to measure the part clearances to within microscopic levels.


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This latest global warming lawsuit has two major problems. First, it's essentially pure "boilerplate copy 'n paste" from six other current California global warming lawsuits being run by the same Sher Edling law firm. I already covered that problem – their enslavement to Ross Gelbspan's worthless 'leaked memos' accusation about 'crooked skeptic climate scientists' – in my dissections of the Santa Cruz City/County / City of Richmond v. Chevron trio, and the San Mateo / Marin Counties / City of Imperial Beach v. Chevron trio. But I found another problem I'd overlooked in those filings. Call it "The Fingerprints of Naomi Oreskes," a situation which only further opens a window into just how disingenuous the overall "evidence" is that's used to indict skeptic climate scientists of industry-paid corruption. Continue reading
Category Archives: Global warming lawsuits
Defeated — but still Unscathed
The alternative title description here, as applied to the 'brains' behind the now-dismissed pair of Oakland and San Francisco global warming lawsuits, might just as well be "Bullet Dodged." That's Matt Pawa, and this isn't the first time one of his global warming lawsuits was dismissed. Look back to his 2008 Kivalina v. Exxon case. Continue reading
"An Ingenious Feat of Investigative Reporting" … that was not.
Matt Pawa, a leading lawyer in four current global warming lawsuits aimed at fossil fuel companies, described elsewhere as the main motivator behind such action, has already been admonished for attempting to push 'evidence' in one of his lawsuits which wasn't what it was insinuated to be. I also covered this problem in detail in my March 30, 2018 post, and briefly noted in my prior blog post how Pawa's 2008 Kivalina v. Exxon global warming lawsuit indicated how he was apparently impressed enough with Ross Gelbspan's work to cite a prominent article of his directly in the lawsuit which supported the idea of fossil fuel industry funding and orchestrating 'shill scientist experts.'
Like so many other facets of the 'corrupted skeptic climate scientists' accusation which enviro-activists hope nobody explores in any depth, Pawa's citation of Gelbspan's article doesn't lead to a tidy explanation of the 'corruption,' it prompts the question of whether Pawa has once again been caught citing 'evidence' that isn't what it professes to be. Continue reading
Pawa's pro-/anti-Gelbspan Weirdness
That's Matt Pawa, who's increasingly gaining fame as the leader of four current global warming lawsuits, and who was described in a December 2017 Huffington Post article as the main driver behind such legal action. "Wierdness", because there is much about Pawa's manner of establishing how 'fossil fuel companies conspired with skeptic climate scientists to hide the harm of man-caused global warming' in his landmark 2008 Kivalina v. Exxon lawsuit which makes no sense. And "Gelbspan" is the person who's self-described as the first one to reveal that conspiracy.
What's weird here is how Pawa can't bring himself to give Gelbspan that direct accolade to this day, regarding Gelbspan's evidence which appears plausible enough to nail fossil fuel companies to the wall for the whole world to see. Continue reading
King County v. BP, Chevron, ExxonMobil, Royal Dutch and ConocoPhillips
Here we go again, with yet another lawsuit attempt to say 'the science of global warming is settled, the fossil fuel industry knew this all along but paid skeptic climate scientists to say otherwise, thus victims can sue that industry to recover the costs associated of dealing with this settled science.' The otherwise uninformed general public expects – rightly so – such lawsuit accusations to stand on their merits beyond any shadow of a doubt. They're supposed to be open-and-shut cases, welcoming independent corroboration and never having the remotest appearance of hoping nobody checks the veracity of the accusation evidence, or look like they're using shell game tricks to obscure the origins of a highly questionable solitary evidence source, or give any impression, however slight, that the so-called evidence is actually part of an orchestrated long-term effort to advance a political agenda by marginalizing critics through baseless character assassination.
This latest case not only fails on all those points ….. Continue reading
The Unending Finite Connections of the Skeptic-Trashing Enviro-Activist Clique
"Unending," because it seems there's no limit to repetitions of the idea that policymakers fail to act against catastrophic man-caused global warming because its settled science is undermined by the fossil fuel industry's orchestrated efforts which use shill scientists to spread disinformation. "Finite," because it seems whenever this accusation is heard, it's always connected to a limited number of people who attained the first major media traction for the accusation. Continue reading
City of Boulder, Boulder County and San Miguel County v. Suncor Energy, ExxonMobil
Here we go again. This could be the point in time, though, when these lawsuits are one or two steps less directly connected with the core clique of people who've long been pushing the 'industry-paid skeptic climate scientists' accusation, compared to the other recent lawsuits. Continue reading
What's Up with Chevron?
This post is outside of my standard dissection of the origins of the smear of skeptic climate scientists; the items I'll be pointing out here today have no readily discernible connection with the 'coal/oil corporate-paid lying shill scientists' accusation. However, the question "What's Up with Chevron?" as it pertains to that company's action right before and during the recent 'global warming tutorial courtroom hearing' might still be worthwhile for objective reporters to ask, in light of the sheer worthlessness of the 'coal/oil-paid lying shill scientists' accusation, and the easily found abundance of science-based material questioning the 'certainty' of the idea about catastrophic man-caused global warming. Continue reading
FreeBeacon: "Calif. Cities Suing Exxon Forced to Walk Back Key Claim"
From Todd Shepherd's April 5, 2018 Washington Free Beacon article:
California cities suing Exxon and four other oil companies have reworded a portion of their original complaint after being rebuked by the presiding judge. …
… The cities had initially pointed to a 1996 internal memo from an industry group, the Global Climate Coalition (funded by the America Petroleum Institute), which said that, "a doubling of carbon dioxide levels over pre-industrial concentrations would occur by 2100 and cause 'an average rate of warming [that] would probably be greater than any seen in the past 10,000 years.'"
… However, the memo was referencing an assessment by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and was not the independent findings of the GCC's work.
The Free Beacon shows the backpedal rewording in their own photo link above, and I reproduce it here for good measure (click image to enlarge):
That specific paragraph section's wording in its original form is what prompted the title of my prior March 30, 2018 blog post, "If California v. BP Implodes via Insufficient Evidence, so can New York City v. BP." Read all the way through my blog post, and you'll see how this 'lack of evidence to prove a fossil fuel industry conspiracy' problem with the twin California global warming lawsuits and the NYC one doesn't end there, it ultimately points a giant red flashing arrow at the clique of people who have tried for 20+ years to say there is 'a fossil fuel industry misinformation conspiracy to reposition global warming as theory rather than fact.'
The California lawsuits' reworded paragraph section loses all its teeth as "smoking gun" evidence proving oil companies knew man-caused global warming was settled science. It shouldn't be reworded, it should be stripped entirely out of the lawsuits, and the main lawyer behind the use of it in both the California and New York lawsuits – Matt Pawa – should be compelled to explain why he didn't know the evidence was totally worthless ….. or whether he knew it was worthless the entire time. But as I showed in my prior blog post, that same paragraph section appears in Matt Pawa's 2008 Kivalina v. Exxon lawsuit, as does the supposedly leaked memo subset insinuating skeptic climate scientist shills were paid and instructed under an industry strategy directive to "reposition global warming" which targeted "older, less-educated males" and "younger, lower-income women."
No such targets or strategy was ever used by anybody anywhere.
The effort to prove the fossil fuel industry conspired to misinform the public about the certainty of man-caused global warming is demonstrably beginning to fall apart. The focus on where the real conspiracy is to be found should be turned 180 degrees in the opposite direction, to a particular small group people who've apparently conspired for years to misinform the public about the certainty of corporate-corrupted skeptic climate scientists.
If California v. BP Implodes via Insufficient Evidence, so can New York City v. BP
With regard to the most recent series of municipalities suing energy companies to recover the 'costs of man-caused global warming,' never forget that these lawsuits are built on two premises: 1) "settled science facts" and 2) "industry-paid shill scientists following an industry-created conspiracy goal to cynically reposition global warming as theory rather than fact." In a sinister way, no less. The presiding judge in the CA v. BP Oakland version of twin California lawsuits just indicated that there is no evidence for the conspiracy accusation. This spells doom for the other People of the State of California v. BP P.L.C. et al. San Francisco Superior Court Case and for the City of New York v. BP case. In this post, I'll explain how that is. Continue reading


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Sunday, November 16, 2008
80's automotive touch screen interface
This is for real, but looks almost like something from the Bladerunner movie. Posted here just for perspective into older small screen tech. What you see is General Motors "Graphic Control Center", an optional add-on for some Buick models in the late '80s. Not surprisingly, it failed to reach mainstream success. Observe the very interesting two-finger-click selection =)
/Daniel Johansson - 12/20/2006
Posted by Staffan Lincoln kl. 8:36 PM
|Your reaction?:
1 comment:
Great info in this post, thanks for sharing.
Please support my new blog.
thank you,
automotive website
- November 6, 2009 at 1:07 PM
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Where is My Report?
If you ordered one of our computer-generated reports, they are run by hand during business hours. You will receive your report by email within 24 hours from your purchase during business hours. We do not usually run reports on the weekends, so if you place your order on Saturday, look for it to arrive by Monday.


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* Affordability rises as home prices fall, incomes gain
* Rise in affordability reverses previous drop; trend is
* Vancouver still least affordable city though prices lower
By Andrea Hopkins
TORONTO, Nov 22 (Reuters) - Falling home prices and an
uptick in household income made Canadian home ownership slightly
more affordable in the third quarter, but the longer-term trend
is largely unchanged, according to a report by RBC Economics
released on Thursday.
RBC, Canada's largest bank and a huge mortgage lender,
measured affordability as the percentage of monthly pre-tax
income for a household needed to cover the typical costs of
owning a home, including mortgage payments, utilities and
property taxes.
By that measure, the cost of owning a home edged down by 1.0
percentage point to 42.0 percent for a detached bungalow, by 1.2
percentage points to 47.8 percent for a two-story home, and by
0.6 percentage point to 28.0 percent for a condominium, the RBC
Housing Affordability index showed.
"The broad affordability picture has been somewhat
stationary over the last two years, alternating between periods
of improvement and deterioration, resulting in an affordability
trend that is, on net, essentially flat," RBC chief economist
Craig Wright said in a statement.
"We saw this directionless trend in the third quarter as
housing affordability fully reversed the mild erosion witnessed
in the first half of the year."
While a government move to tighten mortgage lending has
helped cool Canada's hot housing market, RBC said it expects the
restrictive effects of rule changes to ease by the end of the
year, with resale activity stabilizing in 2013.
Under changes that took effect in July, the maximum length
of an insured mortgage was shortened to 25 years, and the amount
homeowners could borrow with a home equity loan was capped. The
changes make it more difficult for homeowners to take on too
much debt in Canada's red-hot housing market.
Wright said he expects the Bank of Canada to begin raising
interest rates gradually in the second half of 2013, assuming
problems in Europe and the United States are addressed.
"This, along with the expected continued growth in household
income, will lessen the risk of marked erosion in
affordability," Wright said.
Home ownership remained least affordable in Vancouver, where
the benchmark for detached bungalows fell 5.8 percentage points
from the previous quarter to 83.2 percent.
Affordability also improved in Toronto, with the benchmark
down 0.7 percentage point to 52.4 percent. Ottawa was down 0.4
percentage point to 38.7 percent, Calgary was down 0.7
percentage point to 38.3 percent, and Edmonton was down 0.6
percentage point to 31.1 percent.
Affordability rose in Montreal for a detached bungalow by
0.1 percentage point to 40.2 percent, the report showed.


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34 Responses to "Four Approaches to Scripture: Clearing the Way for Theological Interpretation"
October 21, 2011 at 6:48 am
Beautiful, Joe. Fantastic.
My question: What do you take to be the limits of reading scripture (theologically) as a practice? Or, what about silence?
October 21, 2011 at 10:08 am
[…] by giving it away to scripture. I always agree, by way of critique, with everything Joe says. Ecce theologus. 0 people like this […]
October 21, 2011 at 11:12 am
Having read this entire document it is apparent that we have traveled similar routes. Still as I compose a response, I must plead the same concerns that this may sound like only so much arrogance or a perspective of preference based on a view captured by Elder Packer where he states: "Perhaps too many of us are strong advocates of our own specialized work or are such strong protectors of our own turf that we face the wrong way — maybe just sideways."(Packer, Boyd K., Talk to the All-Church Coordinating Council)
Nonetheless, it is not my intent to appear to disagree as much as to contribute a perspective that enhances your observations according to what I gleaned from your explanation of a growing sense of levels of understanding in scripture study. I cannot try to explain in detail as time only permits encouragement to discover for ourselves through personal efforts.
My efforts were initiated via 2 Nephi 25:5 "I know that the Jews do understand the things of the prophets, and there is none other people that understand the things which were spoken unto the Jews like unto them, save it be that they are taught after the manner of the things of the Jews."
Note carefully there is none that understand the things spoken (Scripture) unless they are taught after the manner of the Jews. Bruce R. McConkie references this concept, amongst many, in two talks – "The Bible a Sealed Book" and "Ten Keys to understanding Isaiah". Having spent over 12 years attempting to comprehend and utilize these tools as Elder McConkie defines them I have legitimately discovered that it is the manner of prophecy of the Jews that has broadened understanding the greatest. To be brief and only to recommend an approach as opposed to attempt to explain it, I find a couple of things to be mentioned.
The House of Israel / Jews think different than those of westernized indoctrination. I firmly believe that God also thinks differently and in his effort to bring the Children of Israel into his presence he educated them as to how to think as he does to the best of mortal man's ability. Recognizing that the westernized approach to scriptural exegesis will limit correct understanding adversely has been a by-product of approaching learning after the manner of the Jews. That said, the spirit rewards the diligent efforts of those who truly seek understanding but I am convinced that correct methods of thinking will eventually become a significant issue to those who truly seek. That is not to say that the spirit may not lead an individual to utilize correct methods of reasoning independent of knowing the process as defined within knowing the manner of Prophecy of the Jews. Nonetheless, when such a one begins to come at study from the directions of Jewish understanding he realizes that now he has a "name" for the method which the spirit has been teaching them to understand. Interestingly, it is a Jewish concept that the process of giving something a name is symbolic of being granted dominion. Note who names Adam and then note who and what Adam names in the creation narrative and this concepts unfolds beautifully.
The second thing to reference is a starting point for comparison and that is the Jewish concept of PRDS. This is a Jewish perspective on the four levels of scriptural understanding. There are general comparisons to your four methods that are defined in this post but PRDS is far more concise in the explanation of nature of each level of understanding- though that may not make it any easier to understand. PRDS more clearly defines layers of understanding such as one might expect from a process of line upon line precept upon precept forms of revelation as is defined within LDS doctrinal understandings. Nonetheless, it must be remembered that this concept is based on an entirely different method of thinking than is embraced by westernized methods. It most likely will seem difficult to grasp and many may claim that it seems simplistic as it lacks the intellectual spin western thinker's favor. In fact it may be noted that it defines scriptural understanding in the same fashion as scripture is perceived. Some see a story and some disconnected concepts and thoughts, while others build from there into increasingly clear perspectives of eternity where all truth is circumscribed into one great whole. It requires work, much work and while I think your post is a masterful effort at approaching scriptural understanding, it could be benefited by circumscribing it into an understanding of scriptural study that brings it in line with 2 Nephi and with Elder McConkie's emphasis of Nephi's approach to truly understand scripture.
A final thought…after all of these years it has become clear to me that while there is a manner of understanding of the Jews, only a devoted temple attending member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has a hope of ferreting out the incorrect tangents that have woven their way into things Jewish as a result of looking beyond the mark and the withdrawal of the Priesthood's keys of knowledge from the Jewish people. As well, I have noted that in the past 5 years suddenly many Christian tangents have begun to take Jewish concepts, such as PRDS, and adulterate them further from their own misunderstandings. Just as an illustration the final level is SOD which is interpreted to a Rabbi as pure knowledge and understanding gained from standing in the presence of the Shekinah – the spirit of God in the form of a pillar of light. (ie Lehi's vision) Nonetheless to an LDS perspective this is the identical concept that is embraced by the Brother of Jared in Ether 3 and what we would consider having one's calling and election made sure. The recent Christian alterations to the concept have diluted it down to simply a higher level of personal understanding using greater knowledge of the tools of research based on mans philosophy of understanding. It reflects the Christian misunderstandings concerning the true levels of revelation – from the Holy Ghost, to the voice of the Lord, to the presence of the Lord. Having denied for the most part, ongoing revelation from God, the Christian world cannot conceive of a process that mandates greater revelatory experience before one can understand the fullness of truth. So to come to the understanding through diligent study, one must be cautious to find good sources dealing with the ancient interpretations which are becoming fewer in number.
As a point of reference from a Jewish perspective on learning after the manner of the Jews I can recommend this document from this link: http://www.betemunah.org/remez.html
It is not perfect but with an LDS understanding it comes into clarity. As well, as I review it, I realize how confusing the terminology to Jewish principles will be as they draw from an entirely different vocabulary than our own. Some will shut down simply from the attitude that to engage here is to begin as a little child and learn again from the simple levels to the more advanced.
However, once the vocabulary comes into perspective so do many of the common perspectives that the LDS have with Jewish understandings. I do not suspect that many will pursue this endeavor as it has been a great challenge over the years. However, if one truly wanted to understand the four perspectives of scriptural understanding and interpretation I believe that following the encouragements of the scriptures is a positive place to start. So much more to be said but enough for now…
October 22, 2011 at 12:59 pm
What I understand you to be saying (maybe) is that the most correct approach to the scriptures is the one that produces the ultimate outcome of "other service" rather than "self-service." That the virtues of faith, hope and charity can only be truly experienced in their real form as they are used to coalesce the kingdom into One. It seems the first three categories you provide serve only the individual in some form or fashion (either through self reflection or through pride or power) and that serves only to create division rather than unity with others, which is counter to the call and work of the Kingdom. It seems that the Theological Interpreter's perspective can't help but be "other" oriented while at the same time it acknowledges that there is no one correct answer but many correct answers…and it is not threatened by that awareness but rather welcomes it? Is this what you said or did I mangle it?
But I'm a little lost on the "concrete" example you gave concerning your talk of Sabbath observance and "celebrating grace." Could you elaborate? Are you saying that by removing the boundaries you had always recognized or thought existed for typical Sabbath observance (rigid ritual) then you increased in chariability? And if so, are you saying that the role of the Theological Interpreter should be to more fully examine established boundaries or confines (sort of) and see if an alternate perspective exists in order to remove walls and increase unity? I'm not sure this makes any sense, but I'm just curious. Forgive me if I'm totally off the mark on your thoughts…
October 22, 2011 at 1:00 pm
- October 22, 2011 at 1:00 pm
October 23, 2011 at 6:01 am
Nice post. A comment and a question.
These approaches to the scriptures subsequently find their way into styles of teaching the gospel, as well as styles of participating or not participating in class. Perhaps as a participant it takes the theological interpreter to come out of a class taught by any of the other styles to be edified. I say this somewhat as a critique of myself as I have had disgruntled thoughts about lessons that gloss over some rich scriptural passages, spend too much time quoting general authorities without much time spent in the scriptures themselves, or even spend too much time asking for personal experiences. If only I had a better combination of faith, hope, and charity…
How does the theological interpreter deal with a sense in the church that personal revelation should be kept personal. I've shared a number things about the scriptures with family and friends to be met with a response such as, "Well that sounds nice, but have the brethren taught that?" Or, "I think you're right, but you shouldn't ever teach it." Or, "Who did you learn that from?" To be clear, I don't think I have any heretical thoughts and a number of my thoughts I learned from my own study have subsequently been validated by General Authorities (which is encouraging). I also think these people are not trying to be mean, it's just a well intended caution. My take is that we have allowed our interpretation of passages such as D&C 28 to drift to where verses 2 and 3 are the only of any importance and verses 4 and 5 get lost along the wayside. On top of this, the scriptures themselves are so vast and rich in detail we can't possibly hope to wait for a general authority to touch on every scripture in sufficient way to clear the way for us to discuss the scriptures in detail in our gospel classes. The key then is to speak as moved upon by the Spirit, but do you have any other thoughts on the matter?
October 26, 2011 at 3:19 pm
I remember this precise situation and still from time to time fail and must learn it again. I think you already have the answer in your heart because you reference the prcise solution "when guided by the spirit". I have come to realize that God's method of instruction is perfectly geared to the individual as they develop their relationship with the Holy Ghost. I am not the Holy Ghost and cannot hope to achieve the same results or effect of teaching truth outside of the process. The challenge is learning when we are edifying one another and when we are exceeding the spiritual preparations of our audience. If it is edification, the spirit is present and a trusted exchange is taking place. If there is "well intended caution" then we are betraying the spirit with our effort to teach something the audience is not prepared for. The burden is upon us who teach to be true to the spirit in these types of situations more than upon them who listen and are "guarded" and rightly so. They are being taught by someone who claims spiritual guidance who is not responding to spiritual guidance to not teach. I believe this to be one of the tests of moving to higher levels of spiritual understanding. When a teacher has been blessed to have insight beyond his or her peers, can he remain sensitive to the spirit when it requires that teacher to be still? It is not only speaking under the direction of the spirit but not speaking under the absence of the spirit or even more subtly sensed, the presence of the spirit guiding the teacher to restraint. If one can learn to be true to this principle a new vista opens up, if not they suffer the frustration of not feeling the connection with others and find the fault as with the audience when it really resides in themselves.
- October 26, 2011 at 3:19 pm
October 23, 2011 at 7:43 am
You like to end your posts here with something like "Or so it seems to me." I think the very acknowledgment that you are providing A way to look at a passage instead of THE only true and living way to interpret a passage goes a long way in your communication. I assume you do something similar in person. Curious, though to hear any other thoughts you have on it.
October 23, 2011 at 4:16 pm
Almost thou persuadest me to be a theologian.
October 23, 2011 at 5:17 pm
Thanks for the clarification! If I could twist your arm somehow, I would really like you to write a lengthy piece about Sabbath Day observance dedicated to celebrating grace and what it looks like from a Theological Interpreter's point of view. I know of at least one other person who is similarly hopeful that I could twist your arm successfully…
October 23, 2011 at 5:18 pm
"girl10" I'm not sure where that name comes from, but the post is from Roberta. haha
- October 23, 2011 at 5:18 pm
October 24, 2011 at 4:20 am
Do you think one must progress in the order you outline here?
October 24, 2011 at 7:47 am
Just one more question: it seems the Historical Researcher stage is "other" service oriented only in that she sets herself up as the authority among others, or as the one "who knows," which, as you point out, isn't charity at all, but is pride and ultimately self-service. I guess I'm trying to define "other" oriented service as that service that builds the Kingdom and not an individual. Is this how you would define it?
November 3, 2011 at 10:11 pm
Maybe there is a new world out there related to looking at the scriptures from a different lens of historical research and theological interpretation that I am missing but I would categorize myself as stuck in your #2, Doctrinal Study of the scriptures lens with no desire to ever leave.
For me the doctrines of the Gospel are everything. I want to understand each one, better tomorrow than I do today. When I ask questions of the scriptures it is so I can understand their doctrine and so when I get revelation from God it most often about His doctrines (that is the questions I'm asking). When I'm in the temple I'm asking what everything means how it ties to the gospel and the scriptures, the revelation I receive in the temple then is also doctrinal. Seeking to understand the symbolism in the temple has deepened my understanding of the scriptures and visa versa, but expressly in a doctrinal way.
I have been blessed to be able to understand many of the doctrines of the gospel in very simple ways and as a result have some success in teaching them, seeing people change their lives because a doctrine of the gospel touches their souls is unbelievably fulfilling for me. If I journey out to touch lightly on Hebrew or Greek or search into early church or Jewish history its to try and get at the doctrine from a different perspective to teach it even better and clearer, I'm turning the lens I'm looking through but I think its still the same lens of doctrine.
I love to study doctrinal subjects. My process of studying the doctrine of the scriptures is somewhat unique to me probably because I'm a finance guy at work. Right now I am working on what is for me the "Holy Grail" of all doctrinal questions: what really is the atonement, how does it transfer my suffering and guilt to Christ, why did blood need to be shed, how exactly does blood pay the price of justice, who is the price being paid to and a hundred other questions tied to that. My process is to go through every passage of scripture about the atonement and put it in a category in an excel spreadsheet (remember finance guy) It is a very long process for many verses talk about parts of the atonement but has also been very illuminating. Many questions remain and new ones surface so I walk on slowly through the scriptures searching to understand the doctrine. The other day reading a chapter I had the distinct impression that there was a doctrinal truth I was missing. I read it three or four more times. I turned to commentaries, I cross referenced every scripture I could find. I did word searches then re-read the chapter once again. Finally the simple and beautiful truth was revealed. I was shocked that it was so simple and that I had missed it for so long. Since it was so simple I knew it was true yet I still had to check it out. I went to the words of the prophets and apostles and found them teaching the doctrine I had found and their teachings reaffirmed and deepened the truth I had learned and have enabled me to teach it clearly and concisely to others to increase their understanding and faith. I love those experiences.
Maybe for me understanding the doctrine is really about uncovering the "mysteries of my kingdom, [so they will be in me] a well of living water, springing up unto everlasting life" D&C 63:23. Again for me the doctrine is it and where I think I want to stay.
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