text:
Doing Research (a forwarded message)
Editor's notice: The article was written by C.W.Mercer. He is with Computer
Science Dept at CMU.
Doing Researcg
For many new graduate students, graduate school is unlike anything else
they've done. Sometimes it's hard to know exactly what it is you're supposed
to be learning. Yes, you have to complete a dissertation, but how do you start?
What should you spend your time doing?
Graduate school is a very unstructured environment in most cases. Graduate
students typically take nine hours or less of coursework per semester,
especially after the second year. For many, the third year — after coursework
is largely finished and preliminary exams have been completed — is a very
difficult and stressful period. This is when you're supposed to find a thesis
topic, if you're not one of the lucky few who has already found one. Once you
do find a topic, you can expect two or more years until completion, with very
few landmarks or milestones in sight.
The following sections talk about the day-to-day process of doing research,
criticism and feedback, working on the thesis, and financial support for
The Daily Grind
Being a good researcher involves more than "merely" coming up with
brilliant ideas and implementing them. Most researchers spend the majority of
their time reading papers, discussing ideas with colleagues, writing and
revising papers, staring blankly into space — and, of course, having brilliant
ideas and implementing them.
A later section discusses the process and importance of becoming part of a
larger research community, which is a critical aspect of being a successful
researcher. This section contains ideas on keeping track of where you're
going, and where you've been, with your research, staying motivated, and how
to spend your time wisely.
Keeping a journal of your research activities and ideas is very useful. Write
down speculations, interesting problems, possible solutions, random ideas,
references to look up, notes on papers you've read, outlines of papers to write,
and interesting quotes. Read back through it periodically. You'll notice that
the bits of random thoughts start to come together and form a pattern, often
turning into a research project or even a thesis topic. I was surprised, looking
back through my journal as I was finishing up my thesis, how early and often
similar ideas had cropped up in my thinking, and how they gradually evolved
into a dissertation.
You'll have to read a lot of technical papers to become familiar with any field,
and to stay current once you've caught up. You may find yourself spending over
half of your time reading, especially at the beginning. This is normal. It's
also normal to be overwhelmed by the amount of reading you think you
"should" do. Try to remember that it's impossible to read everything that
might be relevant: instead, read selectively. When you first start reading up on
a new field, ask your advisor or a fellow student what the most useful journals
and conference proceedings are in your field, and ask for a list of seminal or
"classic" papers that you should definitely read. For AI researchers, a useful
(if slightly outdated) starting point is Agre's (see [agre]) summary of basic AI
references. Similar documents may exist for other research areas — ask
around. Start with these papers and the last few years of journals and
Before bothering to read *any* paper, make sure it's worth it. Scan the title,
then the abstract, then — if you haven't completely lost interest already —
glance at the introduction and conclusions. (Of course, if your advisor tells
you that this is an important paper,skip this preliminary step and jump right in
!) Before you try to get all of the nitty-gritty details of the paper,skim the
whole thing, and try to get a feel for the most important points. If it still
seems worthwhile and relevant,go back and read the whole thing. Many people find
it useful to take notes while they read. Even if you don't go back later and
reread them, it helps to focus your attention and forces you to summarize as
you read. And if you do need to refresh your memory later, rereading your
notes is much easier and faster than reading the whole paper.
A few other points to keep in mind as you read and evaluate papers:
1. Make sure the ideas described really worked (as opposed to just being
theoretically valid, or tested on a few toy examples).
2. Try to get past buzzwords: they may sound good, but not mean much. Is
there substance and an interesting idea underneath the jargon?
3. To really understand a paper, you have to understand the motivations
for the problem posed, the choices made in finding a solution, the
assumptions behind the solution, whether the assumptions are realistic
and whether they can be removed without invalidating the approach,
future directions for research, what was actually accomplished or
implemented, the validity (or lack thereof) of the theoretical
justifications or empirical demonstrations, and the potential for
extending and scaling the algorithm up.
Keep the papers you read filed away so you can find them again later, and set
up an online bibliography (BibTeX is a popular format, but anything
consistent will do). I find it useful to add extra fields for keywords, the
location of the paper (if you borrowed the reference from the library or a
friend), and a short summary of particularly interesting papers. This
bibliography will be useful for later reference, for writing your dissertation,
and for sharing with other graduate students (and eventually, perhaps,
Staying Motivated
At times, particularly in the "middle years," it can be very hard to maintain
a positive attitude and stay motivated. Many graduate students suffer from
insecurity, anxiety, and even boredom. First of all, realize that these are
feelings. Try to find a sympathetic ear — another graduate student, your
advisor, or a friend outside of school. Next, try to identify why you're having
trouble and identify concrete steps that you can take to improve the situation.
To stay focused and motivated, it often helps to have organized activities to
force you to manage your time and to do something every day. Setting up
regular meetings with your advisor, attending seminars, or even
extracurricular activities such as sports or music can help you to maintain a
regular schedule.
Chapman (see [chapman]) enumerates a number of "immobilizing shoulds"
that can make you feel so guilty and unworthy that you stop making progress.
Telling yourself that you *should* have a great topic, that you *should* finish
in $n$ years, that you *should* work 4, or 8, or 12 hours a day isn't helpful
most people. Be realistic about what you can accomplish, and try to
concentrate on giving yourself positive feedback for tasks you do complete,
instead of negative feedback for those you don't.
Setting daily, weekly, and monthly goals is a good idea, and works even better
if you use a "buddy system" where you and another student meet at regular
intervals to review your progress. Try to find people to work with: doing
research is much easier if you have someone to bounce ideas off of and to give
you feedback.
Breaking down any project into smaller pieces is always a good tactic when
things seem unmanageable. At the highest level, doing a master's project
before diving into a Ph.D. dissertation is generally a good idea (and is
mandatory at some schools). A master's gives you a chance to learn more
about an area, do a smaller research project, and establish working
relationships with your advisor and fellow students.
The divide-and-conquer strategy works on a day-to-day level as well.
Instead of writing an entire thesis, focus on the goal of writing a chapter,
section, or outline. Instead of implementing a large system, break off pieces
and implement one module at a time. Identify tasks that you can do in an hour
or less; then you can come up with a realistic daily schedule. If you have
doubts, don't let them stop you from accomplishing something — take it one
day at a time. Remember, every task you complete gets you closer to finishing.
Getting to the Thesis
The hardest part of getting a Ph.D. is, of course, writing the dissertation. The
process of finding a thesis topic, doing the research, and writing the thesis is
different from anything most students have done before. If you have a good
advisor and support network, you'll be able to get advice and help in setting
directions and goals. If not, you may need to be more independent. If this is the
case, don't just isolate yourself from the world: try to go out and find the
resources and support you need from professors, other graduate students,
mailing lists, friends, family, and publications like this one.
Finding an Advisor
Finding the right advisor can help you immeasurably in successfully
completing a thesis. You should ideally have selected the schools you applied
to by identifying faculty members you'd like to work with. If not, start looking
around as early as possible. Of course, the ideal advisor will be in the area
you're interested in working in, and will actively be doing high-quality
reseach and be involved in and respected by the research community.
Read research summaries by faculty members (which are usually published by
the department), go to talks they give, and attend or audit courses given by
professors you might be interested in working with. Talk to other graduate
students and recent graduates. Ask them how their relationships with their
advisors are/were, how quickly the advisor's students graduate, and how
successful (well recognized, high-quality) their research is. What kinds of
relationships do they have — frequent interactions, collaborative work,
encouraging independence? handing out topics or helping students to create
individual research areas, or a more hands-off style?
Other things to find out about potential advisors:
1. What is the average time their Ph.D. students take to finish their
degrees? What is the dropout rate for their students?
2. How long have they been on the faculty? There are advantages and
disadvantages to being one of the first members of a new research
group. On the positive side, you often have more freedom to choose
your research topic and to influence the direction of the group's
research. On the negative side, you may be more isolated (since there
won't be older graduate students in the group), and your advisor won't
have as much experience.
A good advisor will serve as a mentor as well as a source of technical
assistance. A mentor should provide, or help you to find, the resources you
need (financial, equipment, and psychological support); introduce you and
promote your work to important people in your field; encourage your own
interests, rather than promoting their own; be available to give you advice on
the direction of your thesis and your career; and help you to find a job when
you finish. They should help you to set and achieve long-term and short-term
Once you identify one or more potential advisors, get to know them. Introduce
yourself and describe the area you're interested in. Attend their research group
meetings if they hold them regularly. Give them a copy of a research proposal
if you have a good idea of what you want to work on, and ask for comments.
Ask whether they have any TA or RA positions available, or if there are any
ongoing research projects that you could get involved with. Read their
published papers, and the work of their students. Drop by during office hours
and ask questions or make comments. Offer to read drafts of papers — and do
more than just proofread (see the section on feedback).
The type of relationship that each student needs with an advisor will be
different. Some students prefer to be given more direction, to have frequent
contact, and to be "checked up on." Others are more independent. Some may
need contact but be self-conscious about asking for it. Other things that vary
include what kinds of feedback is preferred (lots of "random" ideas vs. very
directed feedback (pointers)), working individually vs. in groups, working on
an established research project vs. a new, independent effort; working in the
same area as your advisor or doing an "outside" thesis.
You may find that your thesis advisor doesn't always give you all of the
mentoring that you need. Multiple mentors are common and useful; they may
include other faculty members in your department or elsewhere, senior
graduate students, or other colleagues (see the section on networking). You
may want to seriously consider changing thesis advisors if your advisor is
inaccessible or disinterested, gives you only negative feedback, doesn't have
the technical background to advise you on your thesis, or harasses you (see the
section on women).
The most important thing is to ask for (i.e., demand politely) what you need.
Finding a Thesis Topic
Doing a master's project is often a good idea (and is required by some
schools). Although choosing an appropriately scaled-down topic may be
difficult, having the ideal topic is also less important, since you will have the
chance to move on after only a year or so. If you have a good idea of what you
want to do your Ph.D. dissertation on, choosing a master's project that will
lead into the dissertation is wise: you will get a head start on the Ph.D., or may
decide that you're not interested in pursuing the topic after all (saving yourself
a lot of work and grief farther down the road).
A good source of ideas for master's projects (and sometimes for dissertation
topics) is the future work section of papers you're interested in. Try
developing and implementing an extension to an existing system or technique.
Generally speaking, a good Ph.D. thesis topic is interesting to you, to your
advisor, and to the research community. As with many aspects of graduate
school, the balance you find will depend at least in part on the relationship you
have with your advisor. Some professors have well defined long-term research
programs and expect their students to contribute directly to this program.
Others have much looser, but still related ongoing projects. Still others will
take on anyone with an interesting idea, and may have a broad range of
interesting ideas to offer their students. Be wary of the advisor who seems
willing to let you pursue any research direction at all. You probably won't get
the technical support you need, and they may lose interest in you when the
next graduate student with a neat idea comes along.
If you pick a topic that you're not truly interested in simply because it's your
advisor's pet area, it will be difficult to stay focused and motivated — and you
may be left hanging if your advisor moves on to a different research area
before you finish. The same is true for choosing a topic because of its
marketability: if you're not personally excited about the topic, you'll have a
harder time finishing and a harder time convincing other people that your
research is interesting. Besides, markets change more quickly than most
people finish dissertations.
In order to do original research, you must be aware of ongoing research in
your field. Most students spend up to a year reading and studying current
research to identify important open problems. However, you'll never be able to
read everything that might be relevant — and new work is always being
Try to become aware and stay aware of directly related research — but if you
see new work that seems to be doing exactly what you're working on, don't
panic. It's common for graduate students to see a related piece of work and
think that their topic is ruined. If this happens to you, reread the paper several
times to get a good understanding of what they've really been accomplished.
Show the paper to your advisor or someone else who's familiar with your topic
and whose opinions you respect. Introduce yourself to the author at a
conference or by e-mail, and tell them about your work. By starting a
dialogue, you will usually find that their work isn't quite the same, and that
there are still directions open to you. You may even end up collaborating with
them. Good researchers welcome the opportunity to interact and collaborate
with someone who's interested in the same problems they are.
To finish quickly, it's usually best to pick a narrow, well defined topic. The
downside of this approach is that it may not be as exciting to you or to the
research community. If you're more of a risk-taker, choose a topic that
branches out in a new direction. The danger here is that it can be difficult to
carefully define the problem, and to evaluate the solution you develop. If you
have a topic like this, it helps a lot to have an advisor or mentor who is good at
helping you to focus and who can help you maintain a reasonably rigorous
approach to the problem.
In the extreme case, if your topic is so out of the ordinary that it's unrelated to
anything else, you may have difficulty convincing people it's worthwhile.
Truly innovative research is, of course, exciting and often pays back in
recognition from the research community — or you could just be out in left
field. If you have a far-out topic, be sure that people are actually *interested*
in it, or you'll never be able to "sell" it later, and will probably have trouble
getting your work published and finding a job. In addition, it will be hard to
find colleagues who are interested in the same problems and who can give you
advice and feedback.
In any case, a good topic will address important issues. You should be trying
to solve a real problem, not a toy problem (or worse yet, no problem at all);
you should have solid theoretical work, good empirical results or, preferably,
both; and the topic will be connected to — but not be a simple variation on or
extension of — existing research. It will also be significant yet manageable.
Finding the right size problem can be difficult. One good way of identifying
the right size is to read other dissertations. It's also useful to have what
Chapman [chapman] calls a "telescoping organization" — a central problem
that's solvable and acceptable, with extensions and additions that are
"successively riskier and that will make the thesis more exciting." If the
gee-whiz additions don't pan out, you'll still have a solid result.
Remember that a thesis is only a few years of your work, and that — if all goes
well — your research career will continue for another 30 or 40. Don't be
afraid to leave part of the problem for future work, and don't compare yourself
to senior researchers who have years of work and publications to show for it.
(On the other hand, if you identify too much future work, your thesis won't
look very exciting by comparison.) Graduate students often pick overly
ambitious topics (in theory, your advisor will help you to identify a realistic
size problem). Don't overestimate what other people have done. Learn to read
between the lines of grandiose claims (something else a good advisor will help
you to do).
Some schools may require that you write a thesis proposal. Even if they don't,
this is a good first step to take. It forces you to define the problem, outline
possible solutions, and identify evaluation criteria; and it will help you to get
useful feedback from your advisor and other colleagues. Writing a good thesis
proposal will take up to several months, depending on how much background
work and thinking you've already done in the process of choosing the topic.
The proposal should provide a foundation for the dissertation. First, you must
circumscribe the problem and argue convincingly that it needs to be solved,
and that you have a methodology for solving it. You must identify and discuss
related work: has this problem been addressed before? What are the
shortcomings of existing work in the area, and how will your approach differ
from and be an improvement over these methods?
Present your ideas for solving the problem in as much detail as possible, and
give a detailed plan of the remaining research to be done. The proposal should
include, or be structured as, a rough outline of the thesis itself. In fact, unless
your final topic differs significantly from your proposed topic (which many
do), you may be able to reuse parts of the proposal in the thesis.
You will probably have to take an oral exam in which you present and/or
answer questions about your proposal. Be sure that your committee members
are as familiar as possible with your work beforehand. Give them copies of the
proposal, and talk to them about it. During the exam, don't panic if you don't
know the answer to a question. Simply say, "I'm not sure" and then do your
best to analyze the question and present possible answers. Your examining
committee wants to see your analytical skills, not just hear canned answers to
questions you were expecting. Give a practice talk to other students and
faculty members. Remember: you know more about your thesis topic than your
committee; you're teaching *them* something for a change.
Writing the Thesis
Graduate students often think that the thesis happens in two distinct phases:
doing the research, and writing the dissertation. This may be the case for some
students, but more often, these phases overlap and interact with one another.
Sometimes it's difficult to formalize an idea well enough to test and prove it
until you've written it up; the results of your tests often require you to make
changes that mean that you have to go back and rewrite parts of the thesis; and
the process of developing and testing your ideas is almost never complete
(there's always more that you *could* do) so that many graduate students end
up "doing research" right up until the day or two before the thesis is turned
The divide-and-conquer approach works as well for writing as it does for
research. A problem that many graduate students face is that their only goal
seems to be "finish the thesis." It is essential that you break this down into
manageable stages, both in terms of doing the research and when writing the
thesis. Tasks that you can finish in a week, a day, or even as little as half an
hour are much more realistic goals. Try to come up with a range of tasks, both
in terms of duration and difficulty. That way, on days when you feel energetic
and enthusiastic, you can sink your teeth into a solid problem, but on days
when you're run-down and unmotivated, you can at least accomplish and few
small tasks and get them off your queue.
It also helps to start writing at a coarse granularity and successively refine
your thesis. Don't sit down and try to start writing the entire thesis from
beginning to end. First jot down notes on what you want to cover; then
organize these into an outline (which will probably change as you progress in
your research and writing). Start drafting sections, beginning with those you're
most confident about. Don't feel obligated to write it perfectly the first time: if
you can't get a paragraph or phrase right, just write *something* (a rough cut,
a note to yourself, a list of bulleted points) and move on. You can always come
back to the hard parts later; the important thing is to make steady progress.
When writing a thesis, or any technical paper, realize that your audience is
almost guaranteed to be less familiar with your subject than you are. Explain
your motivations, goals, and methodology clearly. Be repetitive without being
boring, by presenting your ideas at several levels of abstraction, and by using
examples to convey the ideas in a different way.
Having a "writing buddy" is a good idea. If they're working on their thesis at
the same time, so much the better, but the most important thing is that they be
willing to give you feedback on rough drafts, meet regularly to chart your
progress and give you psychological support, and preferably that they be
familiar enough with your field to understand and review your writing.
Getting Feedback
To be successful at research, it is essential that you learn to cope with
criticism, and even that you actively seek it out. Learn to listen to valid,
constructive criticism and to ignore destructive, pointless criticism (after
finding any pearls of wisdom that may be buried in it).
In order to get feedback, you have to present your ideas. Write up what you're
working on, even if you're not ready to write a full conference or journal
paper, and show it to people. Even for pre-publishable papers, write carefully
and clearly, to maximize your chances of getting useful comments (and of
having people read what you wrote at all).
Give presentations at seminar series at your university, at conferences, and at
other universities and research labs when you get the chance. Your advisor
should help you find appropriate forums to present your work and ideas. Many
fields have informal workshops that are ideal for presenting work in progress.
Attend conferences and talk about your research. When you meet someone
new and they ask you what you're working on, seize the opportunity. Don't
just say "I'm doing my thesis on foobar applications of whatsis algorithms"
— tell them as much as they're willing to listen to. You should have
30-second, 2-minute, 5-minute and 10-minute summaries of your thesis
ready at a moment's notice (but not memorized word-for-word; nobody wants
to listen to a canned speech).
Talking to other people will help you to realize which aspects of your research
are truly different and innovative, how your work fits into the current state of
your field and where it's going, and which aspects of your work are harder to
sell (and, therefore, which aspects you need to think more about justifying).
Giving feedback to other students and colleagues is useful for many reasons.
First, it helps you to polish your critical skills, which are helpful both in
understanding other people's work and in evaluating your own. Second, it
helps you to build a network of people who will be your colleagues for years
to come. Finally, if you give useful feedback, those people will be more likely
to make an effort to do the same for you.
It will be helpful (to you and to the person whose paper you're reviewing) to
organize comments on a paper in descending order of abstraction: high-level
content-oriented comments, mid-level stylistic and presentation comments,
and low-level nitpicky comments on syntax and grammar. Try to keep your
comments constructive ("this would read better if you defined X before
introducing Y") rather than destructive ("this is nonsense").
You'll want to read a paper at least twice — once to get the basic ideas, then a
second time to mark down comments. High-level comments describing your
overall impression of the paper, making suggestions for organization,
presentation and alternative approaches to try, potential extensions, and
relevant references are generally the most useful and the hardest to give.
Low-level comments are more appropriate for a paper that is being submitted
for publication than for an unpublished paper such as a proposal or description
of preliminary research.
Getting Financial Support
Most graduate students (at least in the natural sciences) have a source of
financial support that pays their tuition and a small living stipend. Although
nobody ever got rich being a graduate student, you probably won't starve
either. Sources of funding include fellowships (from NSF, universities,
foundations, government agencies, and industry), employer support, research
assistantships (i.e., money from a faculty member's research grant) and
teaching assistantships.
Start looking for money early. Many schools arrange support in the form of an
RA or TA position in the first year, but after that, you're on your own.
Deadlines for applications vary, and if you miss one, you'll probably have to
wait another year. After you apply, it can take six months or so to review the
applications and several more months to actually start receiving money.
Ask faculty members (especially your advisor, who should be helping you to
find support or providing support out of his or her grant money), department
administrators, and fellow graduate students about available funding. Go to
your university's fellowship office or its equivalent, and look through the
listings in "The Annual Register of Grant Support", "The Grant Register", "The
Chronicle of Higher Education", and "Foundation Grants to Individuals". Look
into NSF grants (there are several different programs). Take advantage of your
status as a woman or minority if you are one (this may be the only time when it
actually is an advantage). Most universities have fellowship programs that
may be administered through individual departments or may be campus-wide.
If you haven't yet begun actively doing research, getting an RA position from
a faculty member may be a good way to become involved in a research project.
Working on an existing research project by maintaining or developing
hardware or software, writing reports, and running experiments will give you a
feel for what it's like to do research — and you may even find a thesis topic.
Ask around to see what's available, and go talk to professors whose work you
find interesting.
For a research grant or fellowship, you will probably have to write a proposal,
so the more you've thought about potential thesis topics, the better off you'll
be. You may need to tailor your proposal to the interests and needs of the
particular funding agency or program you're applying to, but stick to
something you know about and are sincerely interested in.
Write for a general audience, since the people reviewing your application may
not be in the same field. Emphasize your goals and why the project you
propose to work on is important. Talk as much as you can about how you're
going to solve the problem, and be sure that your proposed solution will
satisfy the goals you've set forth. Follow the rules for format, page layout and
length, or your application may not even be reviewed.
[Chapman] How to do Research at the MIT AI Lab, Sept 1988


text:
This is a catch-up post; I found the receipt in my backpack. Raegan and the kids and I ate here 13 July when we were in Moore.
I got a pretty darn good chicken friend steak. Ian got biscuits and gravy with sausage patties and loved them. Raegan got french toast and enjoyed it. I can't remember what Erin got, but she ate all of it. The place wasn't very full, but service was very good. I had iced tea that I liked a lot, and drank a lot.
Our check was $41.57. I would gladly eat here again.
Tags: Cafe, Moore, OK, Sunny Side Up

subset: commoncrawl


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text:
Zur Zeit ist mit Einschränkungen beim Kauf und Abruf von einigen E-Books zu rechnen. Wir bitten Sie um Entschuldigung.
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Zusammenfassung Vintage Readers are a perfect introduction to some of the great modern writers presented in attractive! accessible paperback editions. One of the few genuinely indispensable writers. The Saturday Review In his internationally acclaimed novels! short stories! plays and essays! James Baldwin was and remains a powerfully prophetic voice in the American literary landscape! fearlessly brooding upon issues such as race! sex! politics! and art. His literary achievement is a lasting legacy about what it means to be American. Vintage Baldwin includes the short story Sonny's Blues; the galvanizing civil rights examination My Dungeon Shook: Letter to My Nephew on the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Emancipation; the essays Fifth Avenue! Uptown: A Letter from Harlem! The Discovery of What It Means to Be an American! and Nobody Knows My Name: A Letter from the South; and excerpts from the novel Another Country and the play The Amen Corner . Informationen zum Autor James Baldwin (19241987) was a novelist! essayist! playwright! poet! and social critic. His first novel! Go Tell It on the Mountain! appeared in 1953 to excellent reviews! and his essay collections Notes of a Native Son and The Fire Next Time were bestsellers that made him an influential figure in the growing civil rights movement. Baldwin spent much of his life in France! where he moved to escape the racism and homophobia of the United States. He died in France in 1987! a year after being made a Commander of the French Legion of Honor.
James Baldwin (1924–1987) was a novelist, essayist, playwright, poet, and social critic. His first novel, Go Tell It on the Mountain, appeared in 1953 to excellent reviews, and his essay collections Notes of a Native Son and The Fire Next Time were bestsellers that made him an influential figure in the growing civil rights movement. Baldwin spent much of his life in France, where he moved to escape the racism and homophobia of the United States. He died in France in 1987, a year after being made a Commander of the French Legion of Honor.
My Dungeon Shook:
Letter to My Nephew on the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Emancipation
Dear James:
I have begun this letter five times and torn it up five times. I keep seeing your face, which is also the face of your father and my brother. Like him, you are tough, dark, vulnerable, moody-with a very definite tendency to sound truculent because you want no one to think you are soft. You may be like your grandfather in this, I don't know, but certainly both you and your father resemble him very much physically. Well, he is dead, he never saw you, and he had a terrible life; he was defeated long before he died because, at the bottom of his heart, he really believed what white people said about him. This is one of the reasons that he became so holy. I am sure that your father has told you something about all that. Neither you nor your father exhibit any tendency towards holiness: you really are of another era, part of what happened when the Negro left the land and came into what the late E. Franklin Frazier called "the cities of destruction." You can only be destroyed by believing that you really are what the white world calls a nigger. I tell you this because I love you, and please don't you ever forget it.
I have known both of you all your lives, have carried your Daddy in my arms and on my shoulders, kissed and spanked him and watched him learn to walk. I don't know if you've known anybody from that far back; if you've loved anybody that long, first as an infant, then as a child, then as a man, you gain a strange perspective on time and human pain and effort. Other people cannot see what I see whenever I look into your father's face, for behind your father's face as it is today are all those other faces which were his. Let him laugh and I see a cellar your father does not remember and a house he does not remember and I hear in his present laughter his laughter as a child. Let him curse and I remember him falling down the cellar steps, and howling, and I remember, with pain, his tears, which my hand or your grandmother's so easily wiped away. But no one's hand can wipe away those tears he sheds invisibly today, which one hears in his laughter and in his speech and in his songs. I know what the world has done to my brother and how narrowly he has survived it. And I know, which is much worse, and this is the crime of which I accuse my country and my countrymen, and for which neither I nor time nor history will ever forgive them, that they have destroyed and are destroying hundreds of thousands of lives and do not know it and do not want to know it. One can be, indeed one must strive to become, tough and philosophical concerning destruction and death, for this is what most of mankind has been best at since we have heard of man. (But remember: most of mankind is not all of mankind.) But it is not permissible that the authors of devastation should also be innocent. It is the innocence which constitutes the crime.
Now, my dear namesake, these innocent and well-meaning people, your countrymen, have caused you to be born under conditions not very far removed from those described for us by Charles Dickens in the London of more than a hundred years ago. (I hear the chorus of the innocents screaming, "No! This is not true! How bitter you are!"-but I am writing this letter to you, to try to tell you something about how to handle them, for most of them do not yet really know that you exist. I know the conditions under which you were born, for I was there. Your countrymen were not there, and haven't made it yet. Your grandmother was also there, and no one has ever accused her of being bitter. I suggest that the innocents check with her. She isn't hard to find. Your countrymen don't know that she exists, either, though she has been working for them all their lives.)
Well, you were born, here you came, something like fifteen years ago; and though your father and mother and grandmother, looking about the streets through which they were carrying you, staring at the walls into which they brought you, had every reason to be heavyhearted, yet they were not. For here you were, Big James, named for me-you were a big baby, I was not-here you were: to be loved. To be loved, baby, hard, at once, and forever, to strengthen you against the loveless world. Remember that: I know how black it looks today, for you. It looked bad that day, too, yes, we were trembling. We have not stopped trembling yet, but if we had not loved each other none of us would have survived. And now you must survive because we love you, and for the sake of your children and your children's children.
This innocent country set you down in a ghetto in which, in fact, it intended that you should perish. Let me spell out precisely what I mean by that, for the heart of the matter is here, and the root of my dispute with my country. You were born where you were born and faced the future that you faced because you were black and for no other reason. The limits of your ambition were, thus, expected to be set forever. You were born into a society which spelled out with brutal clarity, and in as many ways as possible, that you were a worthless human being. You were not expected to aspire to excellence: you were expected to make peace with mediocrity. Wherever you have turned, James, in your short time on this earth, you have been told where you could go and what you could do (and how you could do it) and where you could live and whom you could marry. I know your countrymen do not agree with me about this, and I hear them saying, "You exaggerate." They do not know Harlem, and I do. So do you. Take no one's word for anything, including mine-but trust your experience. Know whence you came. If you know whence you came, there is really no limit to where you can go. The details and symbols of your life have been deliberately constructed to make you believe what white people say about you. Please try to remember that what they believe, as well as what they do and cause you to endure, does not testify to your inferiority but to their inhumanity and fear. Please try to be clear, dear James, through the storm which rages about your youthful head today, about the reality which lies behind the words acceptance and integration. There is no reason for you to try to become like white people and there is no basis whatever for their impertinent assumption that they must accept you. The really terrible thing, old buddy, is that you must accept them. And I mean that very seriously. You must accept them and accept them with love. For these innocent people have no other hope. They are, in effect, still trapped in a history which they do not understand; and until they understand it, they cannot be released from it. They have had to believe for many years, and for innumerable reasons, that black men are inferior to white men. Many of them, indeed, know better, but, as you will discover, people find it very difficult to act on what they know. To act is to be committed, and to be committed is to be in danger. In this case, the danger, in the minds of most white Americans, is the loss of their identity. Try to imagine how you would feel if you woke up one morning to find the sun shining and all the stars aflame. You would be frightened because it is out of the order of nature. Any upheaval in the universe is terrifying because it so profoundly attacks one's sense of one's own reality. Well, the black man has functioned in the white man's world as a fixed star, as an immovable pillar: and as he moves out of his place, heaven and earth are shaken to their foundations. You, don't be afraid. I said that it was intended that you should perish in the ghetto, perish by never being allowed to go behind the white man's definitions, by never being allowed to spell your proper name. You have, and many of us have, defeated this intention; and, by a terrible law, a terrible paradox, those innocents who believed that your imprisonment made them safe are losing their grasp of reality. But these men are your brothers-your lost, younger brothers. And if the word integration means anything, this is what it means: that we, with love, shall force our brothers to see themselves as they are, to cease fleeing from reality and begin to change it. For this is your home, my friend, do not be driven from it; great men have done great things here, and will again, and we can make America what America must become. It will be hard, James, but you come from sturdy, peasant stock, men who picked cotton and dammed rivers and built railroads, and, in the teeth of the most terrifying odds, achieved an unassailable and monumental dignity. You come from a long line of great poets, some of the greatest poets since Homer. One of them said, The very time I thought I was lost, My dungeon shook and my chains fell off.
You know, and I know, that the country is celebrating one hundred years of freedom one hundred years too soon. We cannot be free until they are free. God bless you, James, and Godspeed.
Your uncle,
Fifth Avenue, Uptown:
A Letter from Harlem
There is a housing project standing now where the house in which we grew up once stood, and one of those stunted city trees is snarling where our doorway used to be. This is on the rehabilitated side of the avenue. The other side of the avenue-for progress takes time-has not been rehabilitated yet and it looks exactly as it looked in the days when we sat with our noses pressed against the windowpane, longing to be allowed to go "across the street." The grocery store which gave us credit is still there, and there can be no doubt that it is still giving credit. The people in the project certainly need it-far more, indeed, than they ever needed the project. The last time I passed by, the Jewish proprietor was still standing among his shelves, looking sadder and heavier but scarcely any older. Farther down the block stands the shoe-repair store in which our shoes were repaired until reparation became impossible and in which, then, we bought all our "new" ones. The Negro proprietor is still in the window, head down, working at the leather.
These two, I imagine, could tell a long tale if they would (perhaps they would be glad to if they could), having watched so many, for so long, struggling in the fishhooks, the barbed wire, of this avenue.
The avenue is elsewhere the renowned and elegant Fifth. The area I am describing, which, in today's gang parlance, would be called "the turf," is bounded by Lenox Avenue on the west, the Harlem River on the east, 135th Street on the north, and 130th Street on the south. We never lived beyond these boundaries; this is where we grew up. Walking along 145th Street-for example-familiar as it is, and similar, does not have the same impact because I do not know any of the people on the block. But when I turn east on 131st Street and Lenox Avenue, there is first a soda-pop joint, then a shoeshine "parlor," then a grocery store, then a dry cleaners', then the houses. All along the street there are people who watched me grow up, people who grew up with me, people I watched grow up along with my brothers and sisters; and, sometimes in my arms, sometimes underfoot, sometimes at my shoulder-or on it-their children, a riot, a forest of children, who include my nieces and nephews.
When we reach the end of this long block, we find ourselves on wide, filthy, hostile Fifth Avenue, facing that project which hangs over the avenue like a monument to the folly, and the cowardice, of good intentions. All along the block, for anyone who knows it, are immense human gaps, like craters. These gaps are not created merely by those who have moved away, inevitably into some other ghetto; or by those who have risen, almost always into a greater capacity for self-loathing and self-delusion; or yet by those who, by whatever means-World War II, the Korean War, a policeman's gun or billy, a gang war, a brawl, madness, an overdose of heroin, or, simply, unnatural exhaustion-are dead. I am talking about those who are left, and I am talking principally about the young. What are they doing? Well, some, a minority, are fanatical churchgoers, members of the more extreme of the Holy Roller sects. Many, many more are "moslems," by affiliation or sympathy, that is to say that they are united by nothing more-and nothing less-than a hatred of the white world and all its works. They are present, for example, at every Buy Black street-corner meeting-meetings in which the speaker urges his hearers to cease trading with white men and establish a separate economy. Neither the speaker nor his hearers can possibly do this, of course, since Negroes do not own General Motors or RCA or the A&P, nor, indeed, do they own more than a wholly insufficient fraction of anything else in Harlem (those who do own anything are more interested in their profits than in their fellows). But these meetings nevertheless keep alive in the participators a certain pride of bitterness without which, however futile this bitterness may be, they could scarcely remain alive at all. Many have given up. They stay home and watch the TV screen, living on the earnings of their parents, cousins, brothers, or uncles, and only leave the house to go to the movies or to the nearest bar. "How're you making it?" one may ask, running into them along the block, or in the bar. "Oh, I'm TV-ing it"; with the saddest, sweetest, most shamefaced of smiles, and from a great distance. This distance one is compelled to respect; anyone who has traveled so far will not easily be dragged again into the world. There are further retreats, of course, than the TV screen or the bar. There are those who are simply sitting on their stoops, "stoned," animated for a moment only, and hideously, by the approach of someone who may lend them the money for a "fix." Or by the approach of someone from whom they can purchase it, one of the shrewd ones, on the way to prison or just coming out.
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I'm seated here at my desk open at the computing machine projection screen. At least possible I'm simulation to be agaze at the peak so that I can muggins myself into believing that I'm utilizable. Really I'm gazing out the skylight.
My department is in my marital and looks out ended the patch. While I bask the view, for furthermost of the twelvemonth it's an good feature but not a recreation. But now it's Spring. Spring brings picnics and flowers, sun and baseball. For parents of teenage children, it likewise brings time of year confusion. Hey, that's' the travel case near many of us. We're more than promising to turn inattentive or restive during the Spring than at any else instance.
So is it any daze that brood are restless, daydreaming and dynamical their parents to entertainment. While parents make out the changes in their offspring they frequently attribute it to misconduct. But it's Spring febrility and it's existing. Many of us find ourselves in the garden, on the golf courses and at the park. And that's commonplace and lusty. Remember the info stories all yr more or less how many adults skip out of hard work on opening day at the district baseball game pitch. There they are in their suits with their compartment phones and hot dogs.Post ads:
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There are whatever regular nestling behaviors we see in the Spring.
o Light at Bedtime
Every juvenile person is polar but incontestably as rapidly as it is featherweight al fresco brood want to remain up subsequently. Instead of effort angry, parents can archetypal cognize that this is a valid reaction. When I was lesser my female parent would perform the poem, Bed In Summer by Robert Louis Stevenson just about a youngster who hates to go to bed when it is increasingly street lamp facade. The nursery rhyme let me cognize that she unspoken my morale. Mind you, I motionless had to go to bed.Post ads:
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For offspring who truly have a trial near the light, chew over darker curtains. Older kids may be of a mind to wear an visor.
o Daydreaming
Daydreaming is not all bad. A erudite parent will junction the juvenile and let for the artistic ability of design that can germinate. Remember corrupt on the sod sounding at the clouds and discussing the shapes? Instead of frustrating your children, join up them. We do a lot of conversation something like how brood watch too by a long way TV and don't grip in notional skip. Well, use this air castle event of year to tutor your children how to let their minds ramble and move. It won't pain we adults either.
o Outdoors
Spring is too a case when children deprivation to advance time open. Again, bring together them. Go for walks and see the new flowers, infant ducks and bird's nests. Go to the piece of land and skip on the swings or toss about a baseball.
If you stimulate exterior frolic by connexion in, your offspring will godsend by having fun with you piece they get needful warm air and travail.
Kids always talent from alfresco comedy. If your kids are typically unwilling to dramatic play open air use Spring symptom as a haphazard to move into a new dependence. Put on old gear and let them run, frisk get stained and newly have a excessive case.
o Silliness
Some grouping get highly dippy in the Spring. If you are one of these, go ahead. It won't depress your offspring to see you person stupid. If you minor is one of these consequently have fun. Turn every day actions into games, laughter and joke time you select up the toys. The world will not dive apart because a job is not through hopelessly.
Of course go must go on and children, suchlike adults, can't use the beginning of season as a arbitrary to have nothing to do with homework, the ivories dry run and chores. But, when you hold your child's spring fever, when you variety room for her condition to daydream, to be outside, to theatre , consequently your tiddler will be overmuch more than voluntary and competent to clutch on the regularized tasks.


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Virtus was the home planet of the Virtors. Time on Virtus ran at a faster pace than that on Earth.
The Virtors set up a fake educational institution, the New York Supplementary Education Institute, to kidnap human students and take them to Virtus to be used as slaves. When the Second Doctor was taken to Virtus, he led the slaves in a revolt and returned them home. (PROSE: The Lost)
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.


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Pete the Cat is back—and this time he's rocking in his school shoes. Pete discovers the library, the lunchroom, the playground, and lots of other cool places at school. And no matter where he goes, Pete never stops moving and grooving and singing his song . . . because it's all good.
Si te apetece conocer más, puedes visitar su pagina web oficial: http://www.petethecat.com/pete-contest.php


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Summer Camp with books! Join the conversation
Social reading in the time of social distancing! It's Week 10 in Camp ToB 2020, wrapping up all that's fair in love, publishing, and lasagna.
TMN Editor Nicole Pasulka believes she could beat a lie detector. When she sits in a chair she almost never puts her feet on the floor. Even though she likes the internet a lot, she is convinced that people will always read magazines and she is secretly building one in her basement.
Known to millions as a half-Vulcan science officer, Leonard Nimoy's day-to-day life—as a husband, father, and photographer—is a secret, overshadowed by his role on an iconic TV show.
Over the past 20 years, photographer Catherine Opie's various bodies of work depict the ways singular identities bring us together and isolate us from one another.
If Salvador Dalí and Paul Rubens painted Saudi kings while eating caviar and listening to Elvis, the collaboration might look like Ralph Wolfe Cowan's portraits of heads of state, iconic celebrities, and buff, young models.
Photographer Eirik Johnson documents the communities and industries, specifically timber and salmon, of the Pacific Northwest. In his most recent book, he reveals the austere, quiet beauty that persists amidst the loss and decline of northwestern landscapes and towns.
Using a Renaissance practice of wood inlay known as marquetry, Alison Elizabeth Taylor reproduces scenes of foreclosure in Las Vegas.
Not all oil-soaked animals in Louisiana deserve saving. Our writer attends fashion shows, braises venison, and heads into the bayou to understand the varmint of New Orleans: nutria.
Like the pensive, cautionary nature-boys in her new paintings, Julie Heffernan cobbles together tokens and symbols to create a natural world as beautiful as it is gentle.
Gallerist and poet Scott Zieher doesn't have to look hard for art—it has a way of showing up on his doorstep. At least that's what happened with this photo album he found of snapshots from the gay biker scene of the 1970s.
Twitter's not just the next step in online communication or social networking, according to Francesco Masci—it's the next step in civilization.
The impish, chaotic boys in Maximilian Toth's paintings are Maurice Sendak's Max, the neighborhood playground prince, and your nephew who pretends kitchen utensils are guns.
Nicole Pasulka and photographer Linda Jaquez visit the St. Bernard Project in New Orleans, and find a neighborhood once devastated by Katrina, now reinvigorated.
Saturday is election day. Sunday is the Super Bowl. From Mardi Gras nights to mayoral panels, our writer surveys two big fights in New Orleans to get things right.


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- "The Shape of Water" won best picture at the 2018 Oscars instead of "Three Billboards Outside Ebbing Missouri."
- "Three Billboards" was arguably the frontrunner going in, having won most precursor awards.
- The Oscars uses a special preferential voting process for the best picture category.
- That process is bad for more polarizing movies, and possibly counted against "Three Billboards."
- "Three Billboards" has been criticized for its handling of race and small-town America.
Going into the Oscars Sunday night, "Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri" was the frontrunner for best picture.
It won most of the precursor awards even though it had fewer Oscar nominations than its biggest competitor, "The Shape of Water."
But in the end, "The Shape of Water" pulled through. It won four Oscars in all: best picture, director, score, and production design. "Three Billboards" won just two, for best actress and supporting actor.
The upset, many Oscar pundits agree, is because of the unique way the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences tallies the votes for the best picture category.
The process theoretically penalizes movies that are more controversial. And because "Three Billboards" was derided for its perceived racial politics, a lot of people hated it.
Unlike every other category, best picture uses a preferential ballot.
For every other category, the voting process is simple. The nominee with the most votes wins.
When the Academy opened up the best picture category to more than five nominees in 2010, it came up with something different. It introduced a preferential ballot system, where voters rank each movie in order of preference.
Basically, if one movie gets more than 50% of first place votes, it wins best picture. If not, the movie with the fewest first place votes is eliminated from the running and, and the second place votes on those ballots are reallocated among the other nominees. This process is repeated until a movie hits 50%.
This process tends to reward consensus picks and movies with hyper-passionate followings over more polarizing picks, because movies with a lot of lower-ballot votes have a tougher time reaching the 50% threshold the more ballots are reallocated.
So "Three Billboards," since it was so controversial, probably had a lot of No. 1 picks on voters' ballots. But a lot of other people likely ranked it at or near the bottom of their ballots as well.
And "The Shape of Water" — while not without its critics or controversies — was generally more loved. Voters who put "Three Billboards," "Get Out," or "Phantom Thread" at the top of their ballots, for instance, may have had no problem putting "The Shape of Water" at No. 2 or No. 3. Since the Academy doesn't reveal voter tallies or ballots, we may never know for sure.
The preferential ballot may also help explain upsets in the best picture category from previous years, like how "Spotlight" triumphed over the hate-it-or-love-it "The Revenant," or "Moonlight" winning over "La La Land," which was criticized for its treatment of race and gender.
"Three Billboards" is controversial for a whole host of reasons.
While "Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri" received mostly positive reviews, writer-director Martin McDonagh has been criticized for the racial politics of the movie.
The movie is about a mother, played by Frances McDormand, who's furious about the police failing to investigate the murder of her daughter. She buys placement on three billboards erected outside of town, shaming the police into trying harder, and clashes with them.
The movie has been a particular target of criticism because of Officer Dixon, played by Sam Rockwell. He's an unabashed racist who frequently jokes about political correctness.
By the end of the movie, many people feel, the character's redemption arc feels unearned. His racism is hardly treated like anything more than a joke, and it doesn't come to any coherent point by the end. He's just a racist character.
"Three Billboards" has also been targeted for its cruel streak — Peter Dinklage plays a character whose dwarfism is treated as a joke — and because of its inauthentic-seeming analysis of small-town America.
But in the end, it's important to note that the Academy liked it overall. McDormand and Rockwell both won Oscars. And while McDonagh missed out on a best director nomination, he did get one for best original screenplay, and the film had seven nominations in all.
But that wasn't enough. "Three Billboards" may have had its fans, but it sunk next to "The Shape of Water."
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Friday, June 3, 2011
Setting Manuscript Goals
So what are good goals to set before beginning each manuscript in order to be the most productive we can be?
Word Count
Before I begin writing, I estimate approximately how long I want my novel to be. It doesn't have to be exact, though a general range is a great idea. I also estimate the approximate day I want my novel to be finished, and from that I establish a word count goal I need to meet each week in order to finish that novel on time.
For my current WIP, I made a spreadsheet for the first time with Xcel. With it, I am able to simply and quickly input my progress each day and let it tally (weekly and overall) my progress. It's been a great tool to keep me on track.
Know the Story
Whether a beginner or a long-time writer, being more productive with your writing time means knowing your story. For some of us, extensive plotting is involved and for others, it's a lot more basic.
Regardless of how extensive our approach, there are a few elements of a story it truly helps to make a goal to know before beginning.
Goal and motivation for main characters - it doesn't have to be a major outline or character sketch, but at least a general sense of what our characters want and why they want it.
A general feel for the direction of the novel - major plot points and even a vague idea of the ending.
Your purpose in writing the story - to reveal a theme, to entertain, to touch readers, etc.
Small Goals
I've learned some of my weaknesses as I move from one manuscript to the next and one of my big issues is repetitive words. I've begun keeping a sheet of words I use too often so that I can either try to avoid them or be able to look for them when I'm doing the edit.
We all have our weaknesses, so being aware of them is so valuable. And...that brings me to the next goal.
Improving From the Past
Again, we learn from each manuscript we write. Becoming aware of these mistakes, whether through our own realization or through advice from critique partners or editors, is so beneficial as we continue our writing journey. We can make general or specific goals to grow from what we've learned and make every additional piece of writing better than the last.
These are just a few tools I use as I begin each new story. I'd love to hear goals you set as you begin each new manuscript, and what helps you to be as productive as you can be.
18 comments:
- Julia said...
Great post! I need to think about resetting some goals now that summer is here and I can hopefully realistically increase my writing time.
I also love your thoughts about improving on the past and being open to change. This is something I need to be constantly working on, probably why it finds its way into so many of my posts. And as a new writer I have a lot of weaknesses, but God is faithful to bring us the help we need.
- June 3, 2011 at 8:35 AM
- Keli Gwyn said...
I really like your final point, Cindy. I'm trying hard to improve with each story I write. I tend to choose an area or two that needs work. While rewriting my debut novel, I focused on character likability and tension. In my WIP I'm working on tension again as well as avoiding trite mannerisms such as sighs, nods, etc.
- June 3, 2011 at 8:56 AM
- Cindy R. Wilson said...
Hi Julia. Yeah, I always find I'm, like you said "resetting" my goals. It seems like with writing there's always something new to endeavor to do and that's fun, scary, and challenging all at the same time :)
- June 3, 2011 at 9:00 AM
- Cindy R. Wilson said...
Keli, that's a great idea focusing on one or two main things you can do to improve your novel. And I hear you on the trite mannerisms :) I am REALLY focusing on that this time--WAY too many smiles and nods and shoulder lifts! Hope you have a great weekend!
- June 3, 2011 at 9:02 AM
- Laura S. said...
I definitely make small goals and work on improving from my past writings.
- June 3, 2011 at 9:36 AM
- linda said...
Thanks for the great post! I'm working on my own game plan for writing a novel. Glad to see I'm on the right track.
- June 3, 2011 at 9:39 AM
- Joanne Sher said...
I'm super at the little goals, but long term is NOT my strength.
Also discovered that I wrote 50+k of my book without really knowing what it was about. Going back and doing some of the "know your story" stuff now. Plugging away!
- June 3, 2011 at 10:55 AM
- Cindy R. Wilson said...
Laura, sounds like you're on the right track :) Big goals are always a great idea, but sometimes it's those small ones that really help us improve.
- June 3, 2011 at 11:42 AM
- Cindy R. Wilson said...
Hi, Linda! Having a game plan usually ends up being a great thing, especially further down the road :) All the best with your novel.
- June 3, 2011 at 11:43 AM
- Cindy R. Wilson said...
Joanne, isn't that funny how that can happen? Sometimes seeing the bigger picture isn't always quite as easy as seeing the individual details - I've definitely been there before! Hope you have a great weekend.
- June 3, 2011 at 11:45 AM
- patti.mallett_pp said...
Great Post, Cindy!! Your suggestion for setting Long-Term Goals is really helpful! I'm going to try it!! (I'm also trying to cut out, or down on, my overused words, at least the Top Ten.) Thanks to everyone for the fabulous comments. (I've Bookmarked this page!)
- June 3, 2011 at 12:06 PM
- Cindy R. Wilson said...
Patti, I love your enthusiasm :) and I'm glad the post was helpful. I LOVE setting goals so it makes me smile when I see others excited about them as well! I hope you have a super weekend.
- June 3, 2011 at 12:47 PM
- Janice Hardy said...
Your process sounds a lot like mine. I like to know the core conflict, the major set pieces and turning points, usually a theme, but beyond that I just aim my characters and see what they do with the problems I throw at them. I like to know where I'm going, but have no clue how I'll get there. That keeps it fresh and fun for me, but still keeps me on track.
I also love using word counts to keep me motivated. I found a daily tally was too much for me, so I went to a weekly goal of three chapters a week. That fit my style and was achievable, so I didn't feel like i was behind if I didn't have a big writing day during the week. But word counts also help me with the pacing and when things should happen in a chapter.
- June 3, 2011 at 1:44 PM
- Cindy R. Wilson said...
Janice, you make a great point about word counts and pacing. Words counts are great for overall encouragement and to keep us on track, but they're also wonderful for making sure our stories are moving along and keeping up a solid pace that draws readers in.
And three chapters a week? That's great progress!
- June 3, 2011 at 2:24 PM
- Mary Vee Writer said...
Thanks Cindy,
Setting goals is a productive answer to many writing issues, and breaking those goals into doable jobs is better. Life skills apply to all areas of life, eh?
This was a fabulous post, Cindy. Thanks.
- June 3, 2011 at 3:26 PM
- Tracy Krauss said...
These were excellent tips. I especially liked the idea of setting smaller/daily goals. Chunking makes it do-able!
- June 3, 2011 at 3:51 PM
- Cindy R. Wilson said...
Thank you, Mary! I hear you about life skills, and anything to make my writing more productive is a good thing :)
- June 3, 2011 at 3:54 PM
- Cindy R. Wilson said...
Tracy, smaller goals are great, aren't they? They give you the chance to accomplish something daily or even weekly, which is really encouraging as a writer. Thanks for stopping by!
- June 3, 2011 at 3:56 PM


text:
About Tehama Mentoring
Making a Difference in Our Community…One Child at a Time
Our Mission
"To increase the developmental assets of mentees and promote resiliency in their lives by facilitating mentoring relationships with caring adults."
About the Tehama County Mentoring Program
Tehama County Mentoring Program is a joint effort of public agencies, community organizations, law enforcement, schools and interested individuals from across Tehama County. Mentoring a child can be a magical, life changing experience for both the child and adult mentor. Our goals are to provide Tehama County youth with positive adult role models and the additional support every child needs to make successful life choices, and to offer a rewarding opportunity for community members to enrich the lives of young people by sharing their wisdom and experiences. The Tehama County Mentoring Program receives funding from various grants, but also relies upon individuals, civic organizations, and local businesses as the primary basis of financial and volunteer support. Tehama County Mentoring Program is a part of the Tehama County Department of Education Prevention Services Department.


text:
Helping people with computers... one answer at a time.
Available Virtual Memory is controlled by a setting you can adjust. If you're constantly running low, you should look at what you're running.
My PC tells me I don't have enough virtual memory. What do I need to do to get more?
The amount of virtual memory your computer has available is controlled by a simple setting.
You didn't indicate what operating system you are running. On Windows XP, look in Control Panel: System, Advanced, Performance, Settings, Advanced, Virtual Memory. I believe it's in a similar location in other versions of Windows.
IMPORTANT: usually running out of virtual memory means that you are running too many programs at the same time for your system or one of them is attempting to use too much memory. You might also want to check out what's running when this happens and how much memory each program is using.
Article C2282 - February 14, 2005 « »
The best course of action here is to open your Task Manager and locate the processes which consume a big amount of system resources. In some cases, these are some buggy programs (programmers often forget to free the objects:)) or just a hanging game (Counter Strike for exapmle). The easyest way is to kill all the related processes and threads. Righ-click the selected process and then click "End process tree". This will kill all the related threads and will free the virtual memory.
how can i adjust virtual memory setting for better performance of faster browsing and fast pc speed?
The rule of thumb I use for a low end machine (say less than 1 gig of RAM) is to have twice as much virtual memory as you have RAM. For a high end machine (1gig or more), I set VM size to the size of RAM.
Regardless VM is always slower than RAM. If you really need speed, the best thing you can do is add more RAM.
I have heard that Microsoft's Security patches require that the virtual memory should be in a "systems managed" state or you create a risk of killing the application that is using most of the systems resources. Have you experienced or heard anything concerning this? Thanks, ~Rob
Never heard of such a thing. If you find more information on it, I'd love to hear.
My inlaws computer crashed and required windows xp to be reinstalled. Upon completion of the installation the computer is not caught in a rebooting loop and only shows the black screen with the running bar for windowes xp, but does not enter into the program before rebooting. the error message that pops up, as best i can read in its breifness, is about there not being enough virutal memory or paging file.... Will buying more memory fix this or what do i need to do. Thank you in advance for your assistance.
It's unlikely that more RAM will help.
I read a great technique on the Langa List for those messages that flash by too quickly ... use a digital camera that can take short videos, or a digital camcorder, and record the screen as the problem happens. Then, step through the video a frame at a time around when it happens, and you can often get a good picture of the message.
In the mean time, if it is virtual memory related, I'd try booting in safe mode, or the recovery console, and making sure that there's enough disk space.
your article has been very informative. thank you. Where axactly can I locate my settings to change them?and what do you suggest to set?
I went to control panel, but where axactly?
Well, as the article indicated, the "System" item in Control Panel, to start. The rest is in the article.
well i have this program which alows me to defrag the ram and also this program called Release Ram. It says that i have 870 ram free and -7 VM. And on all other programs it has said that VM is free.
While i play games like guild wars and error occurs and says that it cannot read the memory or something, i also cant save documents on microsoft word. i have no idea why it says i have -7 VM PLEASE HELP ME
Defragging RAM and "releasing" RAM products are, by and large, ineffective and a waste of money. Windows XP already manages memory for you and deals with such issues transparently. I would completely ignore whatever those tools are telling you, and focus instead, on the *specific* error message you get from applications that are failing.
beth-if you are still lost: to get to systems, when you are in control panel, you have to first click on 'performance and maitenance'
James what Leo said is right, your programs to defrag RAM and etc, are bogus and you crashing has many a number of things to do with your computer and not just memory, if you are running an XP machine you need to make sure the program is made for windows XP, many problems will occur if XP doesnt like the game. Also your -7VM i think that means u have 7MB allocated from your Hard Drive to Virtual MEmory, at least thats what i gather, i would try increasing its paging file(depending on the ammount of space u have free on your Hard Drive) to about 20MB and try it again. If this lets it play a little better then increase the paging file more i would say to 4% of your total HD space. IF this does not work try uninstalling the game and defragging your HD and reinstalling. btw Leo Article was very informative, Thank you.
I've tryed optimizing my virtual memory. Adjusting my settings apparantly did not work because I have checked and it states I have 0 mb space left for driver E (virtual memory). What can I do. Please reply by emailing me at [Email Address Removed].
Sounds like your disk drive is full. Can make the VM file bigger if there's no room for it. Free up some space on that drive, or use a different drive.
1) We have installed IntelliJ Ver 5 ( Integrated development Tool) on Linux WS 3 kernel 2.4.21-27.Elms. the problem what we face is when the developer opens a project in IntelliJ initially it opens , and if we open another frame ,open another project , ( Inorder to work in Multiple Frame in same terminal) and start toggle between the two Screens it hangs and throws "out of virtual memory " error .We tried change the Virtual settings as specified in the Error code , but still of no use.
The observation made was that these Workstation being Xeon 3.0 X 2 ( with Hyper Threading enabled ) and the 2 MB cache were not getting detected in processor Information, and the two M/c which doesn't show these problems are AMD Athlon 2000+ ( No Hyper Threading ) with 256 Kb cache ( M/c from the client). Physical memory and the Swap size remains the same in all the Workstations.
We then tried upgrading the Linux WS 3 to Linux WS 4 kernel 2.6.9-5 Elms , the only advantage out of was , the Cache was getting detected and application was opening pretty fast but during the switching between Screens , that same error Pops up
I am running WIN 2000. I just ghosted my HDD to a new one. When I put the new drive in and tried to boot from it, before it starts windows, I get a message "Your system has no paging file or the file is too small". It then explains how to go into control panel and change it. However, when I close the message box, it comes back to it. I can never get into windows to change anything. It does the same thing in Safe Mode. I'm stuck!. Is there any other way to get in and make the changes?
I am having a similar problem...can anyone help?
The computer is a Dell Dimension 9150. It has an Intel Pentium D 830 (3 GHz) processor with dual core technology. We have 1 GB DDR2 SDRAM at 533 MHz and a 250 GB Serial ATA Hard Drive. We are running Windows XP Professional version 5.5. We also have Adobe Creative Suite 2 installed.
Each time the computer reboots there is a Virtual Memory Error that reads "Your system has no paging file, or the paging file is too small."
I have gone to System in the Control Panel and manually put in the initial and maximum amounts - but they do not stay. After rebooting the computer the same error message comes up again.
Also, I made sure I was logged in as an administrator before making any changes so I do not believe it is a permissions problem.
After trying to change the settings unsuccessfully a number of times, I called Dell. They suggested we swap out the RAM. They sent us a replacement. I swapped it with the other, but it didn't help either. The virtual memory settings will still not change.
my computer "hp pavilion vf15 with Windows XP" is new we had it about for 5 months and saying virtual memory is running low how do i fix that?
Use the steps outlined in the article to examine your current settings, and increase if appropriate.
I am using a computer that operates on Windows 2000 Professional. My quest is whether to try out the advice and steps provided for computers that do not have the same type of windows as mine eg. windows XP etc. on increasing virtual memory.
Grateful if you could send in simple advice, in fact, advice that is comparable to your article which is quite easy to follow.
Your help will be appreciated.
i am the engr to a very big cafe, i just changed all the operating sys on all our sys to win 2000 ands the problem since them has being our systems are slow and always freezing then when booting it comes up with the message your system is low on virtual memory windows is trying to increase your virtual memory during this memory requirements for some of your application may be denied what can i do?
Most of the advice given for WIndows XP applies to Windows 2000. Windows XP is really just "the next version" of WIndows 2000 (like Windows Vista will be the next version of Windows XP). Naturally there are differences, but in general if the settings, such as virtual memory, appear to be in the same place using the same wording, then chances are the same concepts will apply. It's certainly a good place to start.
Thy this:
i have a celeron 2.8ghz cpu and 192mbs of ram on my pc i keep getting virtual memory problems.i also have system mechanic and it is always giving me poor readings on my ram its dropping as low as 30mb. everytime i defrag it it just keeps dropping all the time back to 30mbs. can you please help do i have dodgy ram or something
Defrag has nothing to do with memory or with disk space - defrag is about keeping your hard disk performing well.
I'd have to know what you mean by "I keep getting virual memory problems". What problems? What are you doing when they happen?
I have been trying to increase my custom size Virtual Memory via Systems Properties, Peformance Options, Advanced, Change (this is Windows XP Home)as it currently shows 767mb. I alter Initial Size ot 1200, Maximun size to 2400 and hit Set, nothning happens (mostly). I have had it change to give me Currently Alocated 1200 and then I can use the leisure software which requires at least 768mb, next time I boot up its back at 767mb and mostly I can't get it to increase at all. Any suggestions?
I just went to www.fastr-pc.net to download the program designed to speed my virtual memory up...naturally the "free" version was unable to fix the problem but apparently if I buy the "registered version" all the problems can be fixed...great website....
I'm always VERY skeptical of these types of tools ... please report back after you've run it to let us know if it actually did anything. Many do not.
I can only hope that this answer hasn't been mentioned already, and I forgot where I found it in the first place, but it works GREAT.
1. Do you have any junk hard drives laying around? Even two gigs and 5400 revolutions will do--install the sucker as a secondary. If you increase the virtual memory on the same disk as the OS, you are simply causing the resources for the single disk to work twice as hard, partitioned or not.
2. THEN go to 'Control Panel>System>Advanced>Performance Settings>Advanced>Virtual Memory--then press Change.
3. Keep C:/ highlighted, and mark 'no Pagefile'. Then hit 'Set'.
4. Now, highlight D:/ right below it (or whatever your cheap-ass old drive is lettered), select 'Custom Size', and enter two numbers: One for Initial Size, another for Maximum Size. these (for some absurd reason) seem to work better if they're in increments of 256, 512, etc. Fill it up, with the low number being 2/3rds of the high. mebbe leave a little room on the disk for back-up. Hit set again, and restart I'm at 1536, with a max of 2048, running all the Adobe CS2 software on a crappy five year old Compaq 1.3 GHZ Socket 370 POS, with the max memory of 512 installed, and it never hangs anymore. It runs like it has at least a Gig of memory installed.
Hello Leo.
I have Kingston 1024MB Dual Channel DDR2 800MHz CL5
and AUSPIS 1024MB DDR2 Single Channel 800MHz CL5.
I'm working with a lot of programs and games that demand very good performance (e.t.c CUBASE/CAKEWALK/GIGASTUDIO and such)
so my question is:
what is the best and fastest Virtul Memory Settings With 2048MB DDR2 on XP-SP2.
thanks dude!
I was interested to see the comments on why virtual memory might always be too low. I'm having this problem too. I've done the adjustments mentioned in Windows XP (I let Windows choose the size) and I try not to have more than two programs going at most; but even when I'm just running one (PhotoStudio, Word or Internet Explorer) I still get the message. It's been suggested that a trojan might be the cause, but I've been through the computer with two anti-virus programs that dig out spyware. I'm a tad curious about what the next move might be. I'm not so concerned about the speed, but I don't fancy the thought that my pc might be home to a trojan that could be messing up other people's stuff.
Ok people It will tell you your allowed setting for the virtual memory.I have mine set on 10 gigs
What is the Difference between VGA Driver & Display Driver?
Hash: SHA1
VGA is a type of Display.
Version: GnuPG v1.4.7 (MingW32)
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/308417 is the link to help you understand adjusting your virtual memory. It says that whatever your RAM is (say 256) then multiply that by 1.5 to get your minimum and multiply that figure by 3 to get your maximum.
Hi there I am useing windows 98se in a raid 0 cofigureation plus I have ajusted my vertual memory,I have 512 megs of pc,100 sd ram and my seting`s are "minnimom mmemory 70" & maximom memory is 510,how much can can I rase the "min & max virtual memory,plus what would happen if I instaled another 512 meg`s of pc sd ram
Hi, I stumbled across this page via Google and just started having this problem. I recently installed the Program Prevx 2 the individual program.
Each time I do a file scan I get an Error message that my xpsp2 , 1gig is running low on virtual memory.
I mailed Prevx support and was told:
1. regedit and find key "KKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run and to look for references to PrevxOne or Prevx2 file and delete the key.
2. Clear down Prevx2 local database to aid memory consumption (deleting files-reboot the computer and after startup immediately shutdown Prevx2
-delete all the *.dat files in the folder:
c:\documents and settings\all users\application data\prevx\*.dat
I am not sure what step 2 is all about and would appreciate lay persons jargon on what files, where they are and what this all means.
I hope that I am not making an error in posting this comment in this topic, if so I do apologize.
I would really appreciate correction if I have committed an error in posting this and advice as to how I should post this.
Thank you for your time.
I have a Windows XP Home Edition PC that I brought a couple of years ago. As of recent, I have gotten occassional bubbles stating that my Virtual Memory is running low. I have noticed your instructions in regards to going to the Control Panel of your PC to look for sysem, advanced, performance, etc. However, when I went to my Control Panel, I did not see any of this. My compute model is a Dell. And also, I have 29-30 GB extra space on a 52.7 capacity and yet, my PC is running slow and staggers from time to time. Do you have any helpful do-it-yourself advice that would be easy to follow to resolve these areas for me? Thanks in advance.
My Ram output is too high for one of my games, and i need to lower it. How do i lower it?
i just bought a new laptop, i have 4gb of ddr2 ram, a 2.4ghz amd duo proc. and 320 gb of space on my hd. the computer is already fast, but im just wondering what an appropriate number is to use under virtual memory settings where it says initial size (mb) and maximum size(mb), to speed it up even more.
Microsoft states that the recommended size of your paging file should be 1.5 times the size of your RAM for WINXP. 3 times the size for Vista.
If you are running enough ram in xp - windows likely will not use the virtual memory all that often. But in vista, you will see a lot of performance issues if it's not set correctly as vista (unless you're running ultimate) only sees 3GB of ram.
Hellow sir, I have toshiba satellite A100 series of notebook i have to increase my virtual memory. I did the same as u said but computer had failed to do so ...what r the possible reasons.. HELP..
I have a Dell Dimension 2400 with windows xp 512 megs of ram.Windows is only showing 510 megs.Thought I had a virus and formated and reinstalled windows and the same thing shows up.Is this normal?If not how do I fix it?
I have a emachine computer and 256 mb and i added more memory to it now i have 512mb, But i got a message and it said low virtual memory, computer store set it at 0 i think, what should the M B be now , and how high does it go thanks jane gardner
How do I adjust my Virtual memory setting here is my Readings on my Virtual memory
Space available 44835 MB
CUSTOM is checked Size 1100
Total Paging
Minium allowed 1100 mb
Reccomended 3067MB
CURRENTLY allocated 1100 MB
can I change the range 1100-1200 to another higher number?
How do i change these numbers and do I use the other options on there such as.
SYSTEM MANAGED SIZE or NO PAGIN FILE those can be checked but are not!
Tina Eisenhart
hello sir, i have 256Mb video card memory as i check in DirectX Diagnostic Tool but when i restart my computer it says in the first screen to appear that i have 128Mb. please help me with this. thank you and god bless. -darell
Hi Leo,
i am Srinivas
My System Config- Intel d 2.2, 5gb ram, 1 TB hdd and vista home premium OS, i installed vmware 7.0 workstation, and runs a SAP BI Server.
my problem system total hanging up that's reason.
how can i fix this please tel i need a answer
Srinivas T
go to there(System, Advanced, Performance, Settings, Advanced, Virtual Memory ,click"cahnge") and set the initial size set it to maximum value the lower one is showing and click on set after "no page file"and apply if showing other wise click ok ok ok 3 times and restart it
that's done
please mail me at [email address removed]
I'm in the virtual memory section but this does not make enough sense to follow...
"and set the initial size set it to maximum value the lower one is showing and click on set after "no page file"and apply if showing other wise click ok ok ok 3 times and restart it "
it all just runs together a reads nonsensical.
SIR i have a 4GB capacity (HCL Busybee 200) Hard Disk,and i am using 192MB ram fo it is this sufficient for the proper running
Hi, I have 128MB RAM AND 40GB hard disk, would like to know what are the best settings of virtual memory for my PC. And another problem is my PC is going into off mode after sometime without my intervention.Please suggest me some troubleshooting techniques and what to do.
sir,my system configuration is this-160 hdd,1gb ram dual core processor 3.60 ghz but my pc works very slow.so i need u to provide me help to how can fast work to my pc..windods xpsp2
no sir i've to work in one time i've copy to any files and pastr to any drive then i've to wait in many minutes..
sir i have 40 gb hard disk and 512 mb ram im using windows xp,would like to know what are the best settings of virtual memory for my pc please tell me thanks
Hi, I have 128MB RAM AND 40GB hard disk, would like to know what are the best settings of virtual memory for my PC. And another problem is my PC is going into off mode after sometime without my intervention.Please suggest me some troubleshooting techniques and what to do.
Please suggest the calculation of virtual memory increasing with example. My computer has 500GB HDD and 1GB RAM and 2.21 GHz Processor.
I would just like to add that because the computer often adds and removes info from the page files in virtual memory, they are constantly growing and shrinking. Such process can cause files to become fragmented hence, slowing down the machine. By managing virtual memory settings, we can optimize performance of the computer and be able to use the RAM and virtual memory in the most efficient way.
sir what's the best for my computer in Virtual Memory settings.. I'm windows xp sp3 ,120gd HDD,1.6GHz, 512MB RAM.. tnx happy new year..
I was always told to do initial size as 1.5 times your total ram. So if you have 1gig of ram, times that by 1.5. (1.5gig)
Max supposedly is 3 times your total ram. So if you got 1 gig of ram, x that by 3 (3gigs)
so INITIAL - 1024 x 1.5 = 1536megs
And Max - 1024 x 3 = 3072 (most use 3070)
This is a generic default people typically use. Each users computer and demands may require you to change to suit or find that sweet spot.
Hope this helps!
Shorter answer is described in zdnet article, alsot the tools how to measure the usage of virtual memory:
For understanding what is virtual memory and how it works, for me is the best description given by Mrk Russonivich (it's also mentioned in Zdnet's article):
Both of these also kick the butt of the urban myth of virtual memory = 1,5*amount of RAM or 1,2* or 1,25* etc
Comments on this entry are closed.
If you have a question, start by using the search box up at the top of the page - there's a very good chance that your question has already been answered on Ask Leo!.
If you don't find your answer, head out to http://askleo.com/ask to ask your question.


text:
A quickie post for today.
Shared last month by dunelm61 at the Peel Newsgroup is this enjoyable archive piece…
In 1986 BBC Radio 1 made a series of programmes called Radio Radio, one of the programmes being devoted to John Peel.
First transmitted on 8 February 1986.
original single file link:
→ radiopeel19860208.mp3 (123457 KB)
bite-size mirror links:


text: The final of the Association of English Singers and Speakers Catherine Lambert Junior Recital Prize was held at Lincoln Minster School on Sunday 20th November. The judges for the final were Marian Lines and Graham Trew. The winner of the first prize of £300 plus the new, anonymously donated, Speech Prize of £200 was Elizabeth Thomas, a student of Veronica Veysey Campbell at the Junior RCM. The second prize was awarded to Kirsten Lloyd-Leach from the Birmingham Junior Conservatoire, a student of Coral Gould. Third prize of £100, sponsored by Coral Gould, went to Leila Hills, from the Purcell School, a student of Tom Marandola. All competitors in both rounds have received detailed feedback from the judges. The AESS is grateful to the staff at Lincoln Minster School for their help and for offering to hold the final there. The organisational skills of our own co-ordinator, Carolyn Richards , were tested quite severely this year but she was never phased and is to be thanked for her unstinting efforts for our cause. Thanks are due to Marian Lines for her work in the Final and in the Preliminary Round where she was joined by Judy Hildesley and Betty Roe. Thanks to them also.


text:
Bringing the museum to you!
Thank you for your patience and understanding! We hope you and your loved ones are staying safe and healthy. As many of you know, the museum remains closed to the public until further notice. We invite you to stay connected with us through Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook, as well as to explore our Collections Online. We are working on more ways for you to experience the museum online through art-making activities and collection highlights, which we will share in the coming weeks.


text:
Tuesday, 8 December 2009
Impromptu creation for recent basement party in sunny Bethnal Green - it's an E2 thing - you dig? (click on it to see it BIG!)
1 comment:
- James Merry said...
quick! colour it in!
- 8 December 2009 at 11:37
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text:
Easily ranking your search engine with Google Rich snippets For Magento 2 by Magesolution which helps to highlight important information in search results, with the purpose of improving your website visibility and providing exclusively targeted traffic to your store page.
Download at: https://www.magesolution.com/google-rich-snippets-for-magento-2.html
Google rich snippets extension is a tool with structured data, designed to enhance 'understandable' information which is placed in your store website, also additional details placed in organic search. By this way, with more details, your organization as well as services and products, as a result, will segment accurately kinds of potential customer, then determine exclusively relevant traffic to your website.


text:
INSIDE each bag... Each gal received the brad bases and one of the color families of candy dots.
And here are the supplies I used for the gift bag...
Thanks for stopping by!
Christi's Creative Crew | Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial License | Dandy Dandilion Designed by Simply Fabulous Blogger Templates


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Republic of Karelia
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#trekking #nature #mountains
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