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How to Remove Duplicate Leads
Please Note: This feature is included with HD Premium accounts.
If you think that you may have duplicate leads in your campaigns and the leads have already been uploaded, you can change a few things in your custom dispositions that will remove duplicate leads as your agents disposition them.
You can add your custom disposition by typing in it's description in the "name" field. For example, if you want to add a "Spanish speaking" disposition, simply type it in the "name" field then click "Add".
Once you have added your disposition, it will appear on the left hand side.
Now, you will also see three icons to the left of your custom disposition.
If you click on the second icon that reads "On Disposition Remove Duplicate Phone Number Entries" when hovering your mouse over it, the dialer will remove duplicates of this phone number upon disposition.
Repeat this process to add all of your other dispositions. Once completed, simply click on "Done", and you're done!
Now that you have your Custom Dispositions, your agents can disposition the calls any way you want them to.


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Don't rely on the GRID!!
" Keep your home and security running during load shedding"
About Us
SA Media Supplies is breaking the cycle of Increased Energy Costs & Frequent Power Outages by removing the Frustration that households and businesses experience through our tailor-made solutions based on individual requirements.
Our goal is to provide information that is accurate; Solutions that are not only technologically advanced, but both cost effective and practical – allowing the user to make informed decisions on the solution that is best suited for the requirement.
By measuring / reviewing energy consumption with specific reference to lighting – we provide users with suitable alternate solutions that will not only lower energy costs – but also have a positive impact on the environment
Our Solar Solutions enable less reliance on the grid and contributes to the constant drive to "go green" and reduce your carbon footprint…

subset: commoncrawl


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Celebrate spring 2013 with these new fragrances. The first is truly special as it is a limited edition Guerlain fragrance to be released on May 1 as part of Guerlain's Le Muguet (lily of the valley) tradition. In France, it has been customary to give lilies of the valley on the first of May to symbolize the arrival of spring. The green Muguet 60 ml eau de toilette bottle features a collaboration with Gripoix Ateliers to create a unique jewel inspired from a vintage set. Gripoix is a Parisian house of couture jewelry creation founded in 1869. The bottle's jewel is created using the art of "pate de verre", a unique skill used by only a handful of craftsmen. Only Guerlain boutiques and a small number of retailers will be selling this year's Muguet. The price is 400 EUR, which is a bit steep but it is a limited edition fragrance.
- Top: Green Notes.
- Heart: Lily of the Valley, Lilac.
- Base: Jasmine, Rose.
The second of the new fragrances is Caligna from L'Artisan Parfumeur which they describe as follows: "Caligna honours an emblematic but less well-known ingredient of the Grasse region: The Clary Sage. This fresh, sensual, woody and aromatic ingredient was the starting point for this perfume. The herbal note is enhanced by the fig and jasmine marmalade at the heart of the fragrance, to give the scent a rich and aromatic effect. The warm woody base is underpinned with pine and a resin from the lentisk plant; a distillation of the Mediterranean hillsides in Grasse."
The third of the new fragrances is a scented candle called Jonquille from Diptyque. Jonquille evokes the floral, green, natural freshness of a bunch of daffodils, picked straight from the garden. Like all Diptyque candles, this one lasts a long time and its scent is heavenly.
If you love new fragrances and are going to Paris, read Mapplr's guide on Where to shop in Paris for perfume and scented candles.


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Thinly sliced garlic is simmered in olive oil until it is so tender that it nearly melts.
- Yield
- Makes 16 servings
- 3/4 cup extra-virgin olive oil
- 20 large garlic cloves, peeled, thinly sliced
- 1 teaspoon dried crushed red pepper
- 4 pounds broccoli rabe (rapini), thick stems trimmed
- Heat olive oil in small saucepan over low heat. Add garlic and simmer until garlic is very tender, about 10 minutes (do not brown). Remove from heat; stir in dried crushed red pepper. (Melted garlic can be made 1 day ahead. Cover and chill. Rewarm before continuing.)
- Cook broccoli rabe in very large pot of boiling salted water until tender, about 5 minutes. Drain well. Toss with melted garlic and oil. Season to taste with salt and pepper.


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BTO Products (Please contact FOR-A office)
LTO Server
Be prepared for high-capacity archiving and backup in 4K
LTO server equipped with an LTO-7 drive. Store up to 6 TB of video and audio media on LTO-7 tapes when used in uncompressed mode. Fast maximum transfer of 300 MB/s (2.4 Gbps), using an optional high-speed interface. Be prepared for high-capacity 4K archiving and backup.
LTS-70 deployment in a network environment dramatically streamlines workflows that involve backup, archiving, or repurposing of material.


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Green Kids Craft Idea: Recycled Pet Food Scoop!
Have a beloved dog in your house? Looking for a fun "green" kids craft idea? How about creating a Laundry Bottle Pet Food Scoop?
Here's how to do it:
What you'll need:
- Plastic laundry bottle
- Scissors or a sharp knife
- Alphabet and dog shaped stickers (get creative with these!)
How to make it:
- Have an adult cut the top of the laundry bottle off, leaving the handle intact. Lightly sand the top if the plastic is rough.
- Remove packaging labels and wash the outside to remove any residue.
- Wash the inside thoroughly, making sure that all soap residue has been removed. Using very hot water will ensure all soap is gone.
- Decorate your scoop with stickers, markers or paints. Be creative! Write your dog's name on the scoop, add paw prints, bone shapes and more.
- Let dry completely before using.
We would love to see your Pet Food Scoop! Share it with us on our Facebook page!
Have a fun "green" craft idea to share? Leave it in the comments below.
ABOUT THE GOGREEN WEB DIRECTORY: On the GoGreenWebDirectory.com you will find local eco-conscious businesses, will learn about green events in your community, and will connect to green living information and news. Rest assured that that those listed and advertising on the directory meet green standards for their type of business. While individuals should always ensure that the green businesses they support are taking acceptable measures, all of the businesses listed on GoGreen have been vetted.
GoGreen is the place to find hundreds of hand-picked green business listings that are local to you.


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What is a PMO?
Is it Project Management Office, Program Management Office, or something else?
In this article, we are shedding some lights on the growing trend) of something called PMO. This is the first article on PMOs, and there will be more.
Emergence of PMO
With the advancement and widespread acceptance of project management, the 'PMO' acronym has become highly recognized and quite popular term. Many organizations today have one form of a PMO or another. However, this term is still quite misunderstood, and these three letters could mean different things for different people.
The reality is that not all PMO are equal, which is OK since, in this context, One Size Does Not Fits All.
Let us explain.
First: what does the abbreviation PMO stand for?
To start, there is no agreement in the industry on one standard definition of what these three letters mean. Most often, different organizations use the term to mean various things, including but not limited to:
- Project Management Office: this is the most commonly used term.
- Program Management Office: this is the second most common definition
- Portfolio Management Office: this is not very common … if the organization has a Portfolio Management Office they might refer to it as ePMO ('e' for enterprise) or cPMO ('c' for corporate)
In the context of this article to differentiate we will use PjMO, PgMO, PtMO, for project, program, and portfolio, respectively.
Further: we have also heard the term 'PMO' used to mean 'PM Officer', 'PM Organization', among other usage.
However, the term PMO most often refers to Program or Project Management Office. The main practical differences between these two uses are that a PgMO is considered more strategic with a focus on programs and program management whereas PjMO is more operational with the emphasis on managing single projects. As a result, PgMO typically reports at a higher level in the organization than a PjMO.
Second: are all PMO the same?
No, they are not! To explain the different types of PMO would require a book. What we will present here are two major areas of confusion in the use of the term. In the upcoming articles, we will discuss other points.
First area of confusion: Project or Program
As explained earlier, the differences start with whether the PMO is a PjMO, PgMO or PtMO. We also established that PtMO is not common, so that leaves us with PjMO or PgMO.
The primary distinction, in this case, is the definition of 'program'.
A program consists of many projects, typically interrelated and linked to a business goal. Program management is about managing programs. This distinction is important since it leads to different approaches of management; managing a program is quite different from managing a project.
Then: the first difference is regarding project or program; is the focus of the PMO on managing projects or programs?
Second area of confusion: Duration
The second difference is related to the following: is the PMO temporary and established specifically for one project/program or is it permanent for organizational projects and programs? Let us explain:
- Temporary – One Project/Program: What we mean here is often "clients" organizations appoint a project management company to help them manage a large, a mega project or a program. If this company (the provider of service) is managing (or helping a "client" manage) this project or program and the PMO is dedicated to this one project (or program) … then PMO is temporary. In this case, the term PMO is another way to refer to a Project (or Program) Management Team (PMT). In this scenario, when the project/program finishes the organization will dissolve the PMO. In other words, the PMO is temporary.
- Permanent – Organizational: The more traditional and globally recognized the use of the term PMO typically refers to an organizational PMO. The organization could be a department, strategic business unit, or even higher level. In these various cases, the PMO is for the whole 'organization'. In other words, this PMO is not time-bound and is permanent.
Are all organizational PMO the same?
Once again NO, and we are back to what we said earlier, there is NO standard definition or agreement on what a PMO is. However, when the PMO is organizational, what most practitioners would agree on, is that the PMO is not for one project or program, but it is for all of the projects and programs within the organization.
In that regard, what is the role or function of the PMO?
This would vary, from one organization to another. However, this would be for another post.
The PMO is:
- An organizational unit responsible for "something" an organization,
- It can be a program management office or a project management office; or both,
- It is usually permanent organization, except in particular situations as explained earlier, and
- It often reflects the environment that shape it.
When it comes to PMO, one-size does not fit all, and this is perfectly OK.
We prefer that each organization build its PMO to fit best its particular needs and culture without losing sight of the purpose of the PMO and the strategic business objective behind implementing a PMO. The key is to close the gaps between expectations and requirements.
- What do you think?
- Do you have experience with different types of PMOs?
- Does your organization have a PMO?
- Can you share some learning from your perspective?
This initial version of this article was originally published in September 2012. It is updated and republished in June 2015.


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Many Florida residents who have never experienced divorce know very little about the state's marital property laws. In an imminent divorce situation, this lack of knowledge can be a detriment, meaning those who have made the decision to split will want to learn about marital property division early on. A saving grace in many cases is that a divorce attorney can fill in any missing blanks to enhance a divorcing couple's growing knowledge about marital property law.
Below are a few basic legal points to consider before you seek more in-depth knowledge from a lawyer, beginning with the court's initial assumption that the distribution of property should be equal between both parties.
Factors that may have an impact on this initial assumption include:
-- Length of marriage-- Contributions to the marriage from both parties-- One spouse forsaking his or her own career or education to assist the other spouse-- The financial circumstances of both spouses-- The individual income of both parties-- Whether or not either party intentionally disposed of, hid or destroyed marital property assets-- Valuation of shared and individual assets-- The nature of any personal or shared debts-- Expressed desire by one or both parties about retaining home or other assets-- Valuation of business interests owned by the two parties
The above is merely a small sampling of the many factors that can make a difference when dividing marital property. One of the key concerns many divorcing couples have is whether or not they will receive their fair share when the divorce occurs. Other than studying and learning about the Florida marital property laws, a great way to protect one's assets going forward is by working with an attorney skilled in practicing Florida law.
Source: Florida Legislature Website, "The 2014 Florida Statutes 61.075," accessed May. 20, 2015


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Hello gorgeous people,
On Wednesday I had the chance to pop down to Task PR's Press Day, which I was really immensely looking forward to, since I received the invitation! The press day was everything and more that I expected, the girls at Task PR are lovely and friendly and don't get me started on the clothes! For those of you that follow me on Instagram, I didn't want to bombard you of pictures of gorgeous clothes as I knew I would be putting this post up soon - but I fell in love with most of the pieces.
The showroom was situated in the backstreets of Oxford Circus and the space was arranged lovely. I was so honoured to be invited as all the brands were well established and the space was so relaxed and calming; from the welcoming playlist that played throughout the space, to the flowing stream of Prosecco - that was just lovely!
|I love the array of colour
|Who doesn't love a good blanket cape!
These two cable net jumpers are so gorgeous! I want both so bad!!
|As you know, I love a bit of orange!
|So many pretty clothes *lovestruck face*
|How amazing is this!
|My ootd - ASOS jacket// ASOS dress
|Such a classic shoe!
|I absolutely love these types of bags, the shape, the pattern!
|Such an adorable range.
|I absolutely adore this dress!
|A show stopper for Christmas perhaps?
|I can definitely see Rachel Brathen in a few of these Yoga pieces!
|These wedges are so Phoebe from Friends!
|I love comfy patterns pyjamas.
I am sure you remember Storm from my last post!
|I love this dress, yet another show-stopper perhaps for New Years?
|I can definitely see someone wearing this for LFW!
Loving the fur heel trend!
|How super cool are these shoes, like a work of art!
The brand's that were featured:
Carlo Pazolini
Chie Mihara
House of Trendella
Item M6
J Shoes
Johnston of Elgin
Joseph Ribkoff
Katie Rowland Jewellery
Kilian Kerner
Marc Cain
Oak Fine Jewellery
Scarlett of Soho
Storm London
TamarisWe Are Handsome
I would love to say thank you for the Task PR team for inviting me and for the lovely goodie bag!
Until next time lovelies


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The show's recent depiction of Muhammad in a bear suit reminds us that nothing has ever been sacred on South Park. Nothing.
Chris Pizzello / AP
Stone and Parker stand by their work… even and especially when it offends.
Creators Matt Stone and Trey Parker are equal-opportunity satirists who have targeted the pious across the religious spectrum.
The episode with Muhammad that led to death threats from a Muslim extremist group also featured other religious figures throughout history, a group called the "Super Best Friends."
Buddha, for example, was shown snorting lines of cocaine… and his followers outside the U.S. aren't happy about it. They've accused the show of blasphemy.
"In a scene likely to offend Buddhists all over the world, the show depicts Jesus scolding the Buddha for his drug abuse. The Buddha takes a rolled-up dollar bill and snorts several white lines of cocaine off the table," said a Sri Lankan newspaper, citing it as an example of Western contempt for Buddhist culture.
A blond-haired Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saints, is also among the religious crew. Stone and Parker have a special affinity for the LDS church, having grown up around Mormons in Colorado. They're writing a musical based on the Book of Mormon, to debut on Broadway next spring.
It's expected to be done in the duo's signature style–irreverent, expletive-filled social commentary.
Although the church hasn't commented on the controversy, some outspoken Mormons in the online "bloggernacle" are excited about it, according to the Religion News Service.
"This Mormon says 'Bring it on!'" wrote John Dehlin, a Mormon blogger who lives in Utah but was raised in Katy. "We Mormons have wanted to enter the mainstream for almost two centuries now. Well…here we are. We've arrived. Consequently, it's time for us to get comfortable being in the spotlight…for better AND for worse. Most importantly, it's time for us to grow a sense of humor, said the musical."


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Check back often - more FREE resources will be added regularly!
And why stop at one? You can download as many of these as you need! All we ask is that you ask others to do so rather than forward the resources to them. Thanks!
Here is a problem based around two signs I saw on a motorway a few years ago. It would make a perfect 'real-life' starter for a lesson on average speed.Claim your Free Gift!
Want to know what OFSTED are saying about the inspection process from September 2015? Here's the official word!Claim your Free Gift!
Consistently voted one of the most popular activities on Magic Message INSET days, here are some sample races to get you started. If you enjoy these, why not consider becoming a member school, and have free access to all 100 races for your entire school? Or just treat yourself to the whole set of 100?Claim your Free Gift!
A simple introduction to Roman Numerals for Years 3 and 4, including any teachers or TAs who may need a simple, short refresher!
It contains a few simple rules, a list of numerals, and some carefully chosen practice examples.Claim your Free Gift!
If you've attended any of my primary training you will almost certainly recognise these. Here is a simple set to get you started.Claim your Free Gift!
Sometimes referred to as 'arrow cards', these are an invaluable tool for KS1 and KS2 children learning place value and decomposition.
Member Schools have access to decimal cards as well.Claim your Free Gift!
If you have never seen this method of multiplication made famous by John Napier, these are definitely worth a look! These are an ideal accompaniment to our KS2 Science Museum Video.Claim your Free Gift!
The chart originally designed by Caleb Gattegno will help your children apply their understanding of Place Value and how multi-digit numbers fit together.Claim your Free Gift!
This has proved to be one of our most popular downloads over the years, especially with parents. The secret of maths is to use patterns to make life easier for ourselves (for example, what is 1 million plus 1 million? How do you know?)
This book reveals a series of well-known and less well-known patterns to help children master their multiplication tables in a fun way.Claim your Free Gift!
Here is a sample activity from our popular book, Maths at the Drop of a Hat. Try it for nothing – if your class like it, why not treat them to the whole book?Claim your Free Gift!
Nothing flashy, but for those times when you need a quick 'print, copy and cut out' tangram, this one is for you! Great for Reception to A-level, and hugely popular the world over.Claim your Free Gift!
Useful for helping children to spell the names of numbers (as required by the NC) in an interesting way. It is what you think it is!
Members will have access to further examples – expected August 2015.Claim your Free Gift!
The 2015 Curriculum requires KS1 children to calculate with simple fractions. Here is a copiable resource that will help with that.
School members can have access to a further, compatible set, which includes thirds, fifths, sixths and tenths. We will also soon be adding a video showing how to calculate with them.Claim your Free Gift!
I was introduced to this activity by the ATM, and wanted to produce a short set of sample activities to help teachers get started.
Once you have got the hang of it you won't really need the book, but until then it provides frames and ideas.
It's great fun, it promotes deep thinking, and yet it's easy to get into.
And it's free – so what are you waiting for?!Claim your Free Gift!
These are ONLY relevant for those schools who have had a visit from the Magic of Maths show; the file is encrypted and not readable without the pass key.Claim your Free Gift!
If you've seen Andrew present a workshop with a big bar of chocolate, you'll know exactly what this is! If not, you won't be able to open it anyway!
Feel free to copy it for use in your own work ONLY.Claim your Free Gift!
Pegboards are fantastic for exploring mathematical ideas, but those ideas can then be tricky for children to record, so these sheets may be the answer. This document contains 3 A4 pages, each containing six 3 by 3, 4 by 4 or 5 by 5 boards for recording on. Photocopying is permitted.
Also useful for classes where you just know that elastic bands would be a disaster!Claim your Free Gift!
This document, produced by the National Association of Mathematics Advisors, contains much key information to dispel many of the myths and misunderstandings that surround the concept of mastery in maths. Recommended.Claim your Free Gift!
This is a useful breakdown of the steps to take when using bar models to solve problems.Claim your Free Gift!
Cut out and create this handy mini-counting stick made from a single sheet of A4!Claim your Free Gift!


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School trustees booklet: helping you ask the right questions
This booklet is for boards of trustees. It focuses on student achievement and wellbeing, and the role the board plays in these two areas. The booklet includes questions and information that will guide discussions with school leaders and trustees. Online only.
Extending their language - expanding their world: Children's oral language (birth-8 years)
Research evidence shows early in a child's life is a critical time in terms of the rapid language development that takes place, particularly in the first two to three years. This evaluation investigated how effectively young children's oral language learning and development were supported in their early years of education. Online only.
Communities of Learning | Kāhui Ako resources
ERO has released three resources to help support Communities of Learning | Kāhui Ako with a conceptual framework about what international evidence tells us about effective collaboration in education communities and draws together what ERO knows about Communities of Learning | Kāhui Ako so far. Online only.
Communities of Learning | Kāhui Ako: Collaboration to improve learner outcomes
Communities of Learning | Kāhui Ako: Working towards collaborative practice
Communities of Learning | Kāhui Ako in action
This is a must for school leaders, particularly less experienced school leaders who may be seeking to develop and grow their leadership by learning from the good practice of others. It cites key evidence from research and further illustrates the recently published ERO School Evaluation Indicators. Printed copies available.
Early learning curriculum: what's important and what works
This retrospective study synthesises findings from 17 national reports about curriculum implementation in early learning services, published over the last 10 years. Across these evaluations we have collected examples of effective practices by early learning services as they design, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of their curriculum. We share some of these examples again in this report. Printed copies available.
Effective internal evaluation for improvement
This revised booklet is useful for any organisation interested in internal evaluation for improvement. This overview of the processes and reasoning involved in effective internal evaluation for improvement draws on a recently published resource Effective Internal Evaluation – How to do and use internal evaluation for improvement (2015). Printed copies available.
ERO first introduced evaluation indicators in 2003, revising them in 2010. They reflect a deepening understanding of how schools improve, and the role that evaluation plays in that process. It also reflects a strengthened relationship between ERO's approaches to evaluation in English-medium and Māori-medium settings. Printed copies available.
Child Youth and Family Residential Schools
Students in Child Youth and Family (CYF) residential schools are among the most vulnerable in New Zealand, and present with multiple high and complex needs. ERO evaluated the quality of education at the CYF residential schools.
ERO tweets new report releases, to keep up to date, follow us on Twitter, @EducationRevNZ
Email your contact details to email@example.com to subscribe to ERO's publication updates.
Click here to download a PDF of this newsletter.


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The lawyers have spent hundreds of hours, created documents that probably contain tens of thousands of words and probably spent hundreds of thousands of pounds of their clients money yet 140 characters later and it's all left in tatters.
And what have they actually achieved? They've probably created more press coverage and awareness of how farcical these privacy orders are than any MP or commentator could do at any stage during the argument; well done.
As for the alleged footballer, well his name is all over Twitter and now as a result all over the world so he has now probably become the whipping boy the press needed to show how stupidly ill thought out these injunctions are.
At the centre of it, the actual story has now moved to sidelines in the wider debate and become nothing more than yet another titillating scandal involving a high profile star; get over it, there are loads of these types of story every day and the result is always the same; a few headlines followed by some recriminations and then it all blows over.
Nobody actually really cares about these types of scandals, they are not life threatening and hold no purpose in life apart from perhaps creating some light hearted banter over the country's water coolers, but that is about it.
And then we have the laughable prospect that the legal team advising this player, who has now undoubtedly been relieved of loads of cash by their accounts department, are planing to sue Twitter; has anyone actually advised the player that to do this they would have to do it in a Californian court and that also he would apparently have to reveal his identity during the proceedings?
And now, in a further act of defiance of the English courts, the Sunday Herald not only name the player but also put an image of him on the front page and restrict access to the article to Scotland only citing that the injunction has no power in Scotland! Did this players legal team check this fact as well?
All in all what has turned out to be a nightmare case for the legal team and something that has given the anti-privacy law advocates their biggest moment must have left the player to sit and ponder why on earth he ever embarked on this journey in the first place.
However there are far more serious issues that have been inadvertently highlighted by this case, issues that effect real lives and stories of wrong doing that surely should have been placed into the public domain but stopped by the various high court injunctions now issued on an apparently regular basis.
There are no real winners in this case, or are there? The player has been left to reflect on whether this was a wise move after all, the law courts are being made to look totally out of touch with society and Imogen Thomas, the woman at the centre of the scandal, will probably never be able to sell her story. But what about the lawyers? One wonders whether they are either licking their wounds in defeat or are they at this very moment in time creating another angle to stifle the press on behalf of their hapless client? After all, they charge by the hour irrespective of what happens.
But this begs a very serious question of our legal system: if you're rich and you've got something to hide can you suppress the press through the courts? Or am I being totally naive because this has been going on for years?


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Farm Management Using A Holistic Approach to Pig Production Without Antibiotics
The use of antibiotics and the problems associated with their use is an important topic. Veterinarians use antibiotics because they are necessary for the treatment of diseases. However, it should be acknowledged and accepted that antibiotics are used as a remedy for previous errors. Whenever antibiotics are used, there is a risk that antimicrobial resistance will increase, hence the rising levels of concern for human safety, food safety and environmental safety.
Experts, including veterinary pharmacologists and animal health practitioners, are looking for practical solutions for converting the theory of reduction or removal of antibiotics from animal production into a future reality. This will only be achieved with an adaptation of the strategies currently used on farms and in farming systems, including making new considerations around biosecurity, health management, housing, feeding, and genetics.
Current situation = a big challenge
Drug resistant antimicrobials present a huge challenge. Antibiotic usage has contributed to this problem, but veterinary medicine is not the main reason for this disaster. Globally, there are reports that 700,000 people have died due to infection with drug-resistant pathogens, 50,000 of these deaths were from the European Union. The challenge is already huge, which has fueled public awareness and increasing levels of concern.
Looking back to move forward
In order to reduce the use of antibiotics, previous experience can help. In 2006, antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) were banned from animal feeds in European countries. At that time, few were prepared for the change. AGP usage did go down, but at the cost of severely destabilizing animal gut health, leading to a dramatic increase in the therapeutic use of antibiotics. So, in the end, there was no change in the overall amounts of antimicrobials administered.
Denmark's yellow card system
The ban on AGPs in Denmark specifically provides a good case study. It took Denmark ten years of development to recover to the same production and economic levels achieved before the AGP ban. When the Danish government saw the rise in therapeutic use of antibiotics, they introduced a 'Yellow Card' system. Danish pig farmers who were using more than double the average amount of antibiotics compared to other farmers in the country were given a yellow card. The yellow card was also given to the veterinarian consulting on the farm. And both the farmer and the veterinarian were listed publically on the internet. They had a period of six months, under close inspection, to reduce their use of antibiotics. If, after the allotted time, the level of antibiotic usage had not fallen to an acceptable level, they were banned from working in food animal production. This is an extreme example, but it is reality for Danish farmers.
Critically important antimicrobials (CIAs)
Critically important antimicrobials (CIAs) are those reserved exclusively for human use. If used in animal feed, resistance could develop, threatening human health. These antimicrobials are mainly the fluoroquinolones, third and fourth generation cephalosporins, macrolides and glycopeptides. All European farmers and veterinarians are now required by law to prove, using antibiograms and laboratory research, that resistance has not developed and that pathogens are still sensitive to the antimicrobials, before a CIA is used.
Antibiotics and life cycle stage
In the near future, it is highly likely that antibiotics will be banned from use in finishing barns for pigs and cattle. This means that antibiotics will not be permitted for administration via feed or water during the final three or four months of the animal's life. A ban on the use of antibiotics for the treatment of individual animals who are sick is highly unlikely as this would raise an animal welfare issue. If sick animals are not treated, they would have to be euthanized immediately. Individual treatment using antibiotics administered by injection will be possible, but group treatment of finishing animals by applying antibiotics to the feed or water supply will likely be banned.
In order to maintain animal health and productivity, new strategies must be developed. If there is a problem on a farm that is solved with the use of antibiotics, they should be administered as early as possible. This means early identification of disease, monitoring the health status of all animals on the whole farm, and eliminating all causes of disease.
Different countries, same problems
There are different farms in different countries on every continent, but the main difference between them is the language spoken. The size of the farm and the animals may be different, but the problems faced and the management behavior are largely the same. Most farmers are, in principle, not willing to pay for knowledge. The farmer would not pay an expert to visit their farm to share advice and knowledge. Instead, the feeding companies, genetic companies, pharmaceutical companies, or any other organization will be paying for this education. This should change in the future, farmers should be more prepared to pay for knowledge and advice. The comparison and evaluation of situations from different farms around the world, and the ability to demonstrate case studies to others, is another very important tool.
Many farmers still rely on antibiotics as a working tool. They make mistakes and cover them up using antibiotics. In reality, this happens on many, many farms and in many, many situations. And in many cases, the legal situation is being ignored. There is a lot of smuggling. There is a lot of usage of pure substances from places without any controls or regulations. When producing food for human consumption, such illegal practices cannot continue. The steady and constant use of antibiotics on a farm indicates that there is an underlying problem. This problem will be causing problems that hinder performance and efficiency.
In the future, veterinarians and other farm consultants will be employed to keep clients competitive, not only in terms of the best possible performance numbers, but also in terms of consumer acceptance. Food products with proof of sustainable animal husbandry practices, the health status of the animals and a guarantee of zero-risk to consumers will have a commercial advantage.
Who makes the rules?
There are many international groups working on the problem of antibiotic use in food animals including the European Center for Disease Control (ECDC), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Action on Antibiotic Resistance (ReAct) and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). These organizations decide what kind of drugs can be registered, the rules around drug administration and withdrawal periods, and which drugs are banned from use.
Transparent information
Use of antibiotics in European countries is very easy to analyze. By law, all pharmaceutical companies must provide their national government with an annual report on antibiotic sales to individual veterinary clinics working in the food animal industry. In addition, the veterinarians must send a similar sales report to the national government detailing the amount of antibiotics each farmer customer has purchased during the year. At the end of the year, a definitive evaluation of the use of antibiotics can be made across the different member states or member countries of the European Union.
Antibiotic use is recorded in milligrams per population corrected unit (PCU). This means the milligrams of antibiotic consumed or sold for every one kilogram of the entire population, including slaughtered animals. This method ensures all livestock and all antibiotic activity in the country are included in the calculations.
Antibiotic use varies around the world
Governments have asked for a 50% reduction in the use of antibiotics in food animals. This may seem reasonable, but in reality, antibiotic use varies greatly between different countries [13:35]. In Cyprus for example, average antibiotic use is 400 milligrams/PCU. By comparison, average antibiotic use in Austria is only 57 milligrams/PCU. If Cyprus decrease their usage by 50% they will still be using 200 milligrams/PCU, the equivalent of four times the amount of the Austrians. If the 50% reduction is implemented in Austria, 28 milligrams/PCU would not be enough antibiotic activity to treat sick animals, raising questions and concerns associated with animal welfare. Instead of implementing the same rules in all European countries, an alternative approach would be to raise awareness of the problem and take sensible steps towards reducing antibiotic usage in places where it makes the most sense.
Challenging previous models
Up to now, veterinarians have been striving towards a goal of very, very healthy animals on farms. The health status production pyramid illustrates this system [17:00]. In pork production, it is commonly accepted that the animals with the highest health status are the boars and grandparents. Gilts, piglets, weaners, growers, and finally finishers all have a lower health status. Consumer acceptance for the use of antibiotics totally contradicts this model because consumer interest is focused on the final three months of life, and not with the boar or grandparent stock. As a result, the health status pyramid has become completely inverted. The closer towards the consumer end of the production process, the more important it will be to reduce the use of antibiotics in order to ensure consumer acceptance.
The sooner the better
The earlier in the pig's life an antibiotic can be administered, the less amount is required. For example, when treating a 3 or 4 kg piglet in the lactation unit, the quantity of antibiotic used during the course of a typical five-day treatment will be significantly less compared to that used to treat a 70 kg animal with the same disease. Delaying treatment means using 20 to 30 times more antibiotic to treat the same disease, and is likely to mean that productivity losses have already occurred. But, in order to carry out early treatment, detailed knowledge and close farm management are required, especially in terms of health and disease management.
Applied knowledge
There is no doubt that there should be a reduction in antibiotic use, but the solution should not destabilize farms. The basic parameters of the production system including biosecurity and farm management should be scrutinized. However, everybody claims to already know everything there is to know about these basic parameters. But knowledge alone is not enough. This knowledge has to be applied to the day-by-day tasks carried out on farms. In practice, this means focusing on the timing of production, using antimicrobials strategically, and reducing the use of antimicrobials in the final part of the animals' lives.
Batch farrowing helps everyone
Typically, the bigger the farm, the lower the use of the batch farrowing system. Larger farms usually have labor available all the time so farm owners need to make sure employees are working every day. One example farm near Bucharest has 12500 sows. They carry out insemination each day during the week (not on the weekends). If inseminations are carried out daily, this will result in daily farrowing. Farrowing every day means piglets of different ages. Nobody is available 365 days/year and 24 hours/day. Instead, we need to implement perfect production. In order to exert real control in all production steps, we have to have motivated people.
Empower staff
One way to motivate staff is through empowerment. Reducing the number of staff might seem counterintuitive, but this will give more responsibility to those in employment, as well as a higher salary. European farms use cheaper labor from the East. Farms in Thailand use cheaper labor from Cambodia. In these examples, workers are usually not educated, and work seven days per week for a very poor salary. Expecting such workers to have the necessary skills and to be motivated enough to implement best practices is highly unlikely. Making manpower as effective as possible is the best strategy.
Health management
In order to treat diseases early, staff must be trained to look for early signs and symptoms, including changes in behavior, to evaluate the situation each day and to record all necessary data. In addition, farmers have to be willing to invest money in health monitoring and not wait until it is too late for the animals. For example, regular blood samples, post-mortem examinations and taking swabs will require investment, but they will deliver important information on which to base decisions about production. A declaration about the health status of the farm can only be made with a detailed level of information, gathered over a certain period of time. Having this level of information allows the veterinarian to properly diagnose the problem and to set up effective vaccination strategies and therapeutic plans, which may or may not include the use of antibiotics. Data gathering is very important and should be carried out daily on farms. Recognizing that health management is the future is the first step to gaining complete control of the system. Precise and ongoing health management is the only way to reduce antibiotic use on farms without suffering any negative economic effects.
Feeding and sow condition
The condition of the sow when it is brought to the farrowing cage is very important. All actions leading up to this time, including vaccination, feeding strategies, genetic selection and insemination will all impact the condition of the sow. Any change in the composition of the feed will change its specific weight, impacting feed intake and ultimately the nutritional intake of the animal. Nutrition plays an important role in stabilizing fertility and big litter sizes. Encouraging a large number of fertilized eggs to implant after insemination can be achieved by supplying a relatively high level of energy to the sow.
As soon as eggs have implanted, feed intake should be reduced. After the ultrasound check for pregnancy, the appearance of the sow should be improving. A lot of body mass will have been lost after weaning and the sows may look slim, but after 28 days, body condition should have begun to recover so feed intake levels can be reduced.
One size does not fit all
It is important to remember that each farm should be treated differently; comparing one farm to another is not helpful since they will all differ in terms of genetics, housing systems, management systems, diet compositions and many other factors. Each farm will have different ventilation systems, different housing conditions and configurations, different management styles, and to some extent, different genetics. Systems should be adapted to the specific needs of the individual farm.
After the first half of gestation, from day 85 onwards, the fetuses really start to grow and feed intake should be increased accordingly. Sows should not eat too much and become fat, especially during the last phase of gestation, but feed intake should be sufficient to bring sows into a good condition. Variations in piglet birth size and weights, or piglets born underweight, cannot be corrected through changes to sow feed intake. Implementing a good feeding strategy will stabilize the system, but it will not solve real problems.
Calcium at farrowing
One common problem on many farms, especially with older sows after their third or fourth litter, is that the sow starts to sleep during farrowing. This causes many piglets to be stillborn due to the prolonged time of farrowing. The problem is easily corrected by ensuring the sow has sufficient calcium during farrowing. Older sows are unable to mobilize skeletal calcium during farrowing. For any farm suffering with problems of stillborn piglets, administer a lot of calcium either intramuscularly or intravenously and within ten minutes farrowing should start as usual. Irrespective of genetics, the gestation diet should contain a maximum of seven grams per kilogram of calcium, or lower if possible. On farms where gilts also receive the gestation diet, adjustments must be made, as seven grams per kilogram is not enough for gilts to sustain adequate levels of skeletal growth.
Survival is not enough
Prolonged farrowing is not only a problem in terms of stillborn piglets. Some piglets may be starved of oxygen, causing them to be very weak when they are born. Weak piglets do not have enough power for the uptake of colostrum. Without colostrum, the viability of the piglet is greatly reduced. The amount and quality of the colostrum drunk in the first hours of life has a huge impact on the future lives of the animals. It is therefore important to look beyond statistics reviewing the number of live vs stillborn piglets. The animals must do more than survive; they must perform.
Feed supply at farrowing
During farrowing, sows should continue to be fed with very low levels of gestation feed. Intake can be as low as 1 to 1.5 kg. Feed levels at farrowing should be strictly monitored to check that sows are being offered feed. In some cases, feed is withdrawn when early farrowing signs are observed on day one, but farrowing might not take place until day two or even day three. In extreme cases, the sow might go three days without any feed. Farrowing should already be established before feed is removed. Sows consuming 1 to 1.5 kg of feed per day during farrowing will not cause any problems.
Increasing intake during lactation
A switch to lactation feed should be made from day three after farrowing, and the intake level increased by a maximum of 0.5 kg each day thereafter. On day 16 after farrowing, average energy intake should be 100 mega joules per sow. Increasing the amount of lactation feed offered to the sow too quickly will not make it possible to reach such high intake levels. On day five or six of lactation, the sows should all be up and waiting to be fed before the allotted time. This is an ideal situation to have in a farrowing barn. Young piglets do not drink too much milk so there is no need to oversupply energy to the sows.
Water supply
To support feed intake levels of 8 kg per day, a sow must drink between 25 and 28 liters of water. In some drinking systems, the flow rate is not high enough to deliver this amount of water. Without enough water, a sow will not eat as much and consequently performance will go down. When using level drinkers, the presence of feed will prevent water being delivered. If the sow has a temperature of 41 degrees, she is unlikely to eat. Without eating, she cannot drink because no water is delivered. The resulting situation is a sick animal with high fever without any access to water for six hours. The supply of fresh water to sows is of the utmost importance, and any disruption or compromise to this could result in the lactation being written off.
Temperature and feed intake
There is a negative correlation between temperature and feed intake. For this reason, many farms in countries with warmer climates use evaporation cooling and cooling pads [38:25], especially during lactation, to maintain feed intake levels. Sow feed intake during lactation is not only important to improve sow body condition after weaning, but it is also important for piglet health. When the vaccination for influenza resulted in the herd getting a fever, feed intake would reduce for two days. Consequently, the weaning weight of piglets dropped by 350 grams, confirming the importance of maintaining feed intake levels during lactation. In countries with cooler climates, the environment within the barn must be adjusted to the needs of the piglets and sows, and not those of the staff. Fresh air might make working conditions more comfortable for workers, but the temperature should not be allowed to drop too low so that the animals are in discomfort. If staff are working in the barn in coats, this is a good indicator that the temperature is too low for the pigs.
Genetic selection for the future
While it may be tempting to save money and buy cheaper animals, the progeny will be disadvantaged. Genetic selection of newborn animals should take place as early as possible. Gilts are the future of the farm so ensuring they are high quality is extremely important. The better the stock on the farm, the better the future results will be. When buying new animals in to the production unit, ensure they are quarantined. This will protect current animals from the new animals, and it will allow the new animals time to adjust to their new environment.
Management of gilts of optimal performance
Bigger gilts can be offered gestation feed immediately, as long as the calcium level is adjusted accordingly. Caution should be taken not to feed gilts with too much protein. Encourage the buildup of some back fat to stabilize the animal for the future by reducing the protein content. The age of a gilt at the time of their first insemination is important and 240 days is commonly used as the target age. However, far more important is the live weight of the gilt at first insemination. The target live weight should be between 130 and 140 kilograms and not more. Gilts with 180 to 190 kilograms at first insemination will have problems with their legs and ligaments, problems regulating their body temperature, they will likely not fit into the farrowing cage, and they will face further problems for the rest of their lives. Production managers should ensure that gilts are brought into heat on time.
Gilt synchronization
Heat detection in gilts is not always easy. Gilts are very sensitive so it can be a challenge. Synchronizing the gilts means that the exact time, body mass and age of the animals are identified when they are on heat, and when they are pregnant. Synchronizing 100 gilts will ensure 95 of these animals are in the farrowing cage at the time you expect them. Insemination is very individual, just as sex is very individual and personal, so do not carry out the insemination in groups. Put the animals into individual cages so they can concentrate on the job. Batch systems are the only way to interrupt infection chains on the farm. Moreover, with big batches of animals (preferably whole rooms or even whole buildings), staff are better focused on the required tasks.
When the decision has been made to conduct batch farrowing, even with one-week batch farrowing on big farms, focus efforts into one day. This will result in one group per week. The productivity of batch farrowing has been shown on many occasions. For example, on one farm in Austria, a group of 146 animals were synchronized. The first insemination was followed by a second insemination 18 hours later. The pregnancy check showed 131 animals as pregnant.
Provide enough space
Batch farrowing can only be conducted within an adequate environment. Barns should have sufficient space and light, and be stimulating to the animal. Where possible, self-fixing cages should be used [46:29] so that when the sow goes in, they are safe and quiet. With self-fixing cages, you can expect the majority of the sows to be inside with only one or two animals outside. Sows will voluntarily stay in the cage because they do not want to fight with other animals.
It is very important to ensure that piglets get access to quality colostrum. In addition to colostrum, some production units also offer a pre-starter diet. Do not expect weaning weights to dramatically increase when using a pre-starter diet because that is not their aim. The main aim of a pre-starter diet is to train the piglets to eat and to train the digestive system to react. If a piglet does not eat for 75 hours after weaning, the blood sugar level will be far too low and in reality, this animal is lost.
The main concentration of the animal immune system is in the intestinal tract. Most antibodies are produced in the gut. Therefore, if we destabilize the gut, we also destabilize the immune system which destabilizes the immune response of our animals and, therefore, we reduce animal performance.
To improve feed digestibility, raw material quality, the presence of molds, germination, mycotoxin contamination and the overall composition of the feed should all be considered. Crude fiber is of very high importance. There are many different possibilities, different components or different parts of crude fiber. Certain parts of crude fiber are responsible for feeding the probiotics, the positive bacteria in the microbiome. These probiotics are very important for stabilizing the gut and therefore the overall health of the animal.
Air filtration for disease prevention
Another novel idea for the prevention of disease is using air filtration. A system of this type has been implemented on a farm with 120 sows. A filter system was established in the roof with air being blown out of the building at all times. Ventilators in the exhaust chimneys have been replaced with computer-controlled flaps to control airflow. In the Unites States, similar air filtration systems are used, but operating under low pressure. This means that whenever a door or window is opened or broken, unfiltered air is sucked into the building.
Before being blown into the barn, the air is filtered using several types of filter, and then cooled. Alternatively, the air could be disinfected with a plasma. On one facility for 750 piglets, they have successfully implemented the plasma system, which has enabled production of three linked batches without any antibiotics. The plasma system is currently very expensive, but it is a promising idea for the future.
In summary, visiting farms, looking at the facilities and the animals and using the gathered information will help improve production for the future. Staff should be educated so that they can evaluate the situation and combine the gathered data to set a structured, clear plan for improving future production.


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I've got a thing about bees inspite of having been stung a few times as a child – haven't been since then as I've come to understand them.
The first rule is to respect their territory, don't make a lot of loud noise, or begin swatting at them if they've drawn near to take a closer look.
Funny thing is that at times if I'm running a power tool like a saw and they're around they don't seem to like it – the noise aggravates them.
Understandable as people won't exactly gravitate to such sounds even though it's common and acceptable to those in the construction trades.
Bumble Bees seem to take particular offense and even will become aggressive – same approach though, bad idea to swat at them.
Interestingly bees have an acute sense of smell, they can detect odors through their legs, antenna, and mouth.
As I understand it receptors vary depending on body location – I've noticed that different types/piles of sawdust seem to have an attraction to them.
No nectar or pollen in sawdust that I'm aware of so I assume the attraction is based on smell. I haven't conducted a survey or offered a questionnaire but I'd say judging by personal observation cedar has a certain allure though it is a favored repellent for moths in closets and drawers.
Someone told me there is a men's aftershave that smells like cedar, since I have no need of aftershave I wouldn't know but had to laugh when they likened it to pheromones in a bottle when it comes to attracting women, maybe something for those "metro" men to try.
Certain colors attract bees, like the purple of blessed thistle or a morning glory and yet I've been told they don't perceive the color red, I suppose that inability is compensated for by sense of smell and visual recognition of a flower.
As a kid I can recall a couple of times when I plucked a morning glory flower to suck on the end for the nectar, kind of a treat as it was sweet and sweet was always in short supply – later I found out some species can induce a high or even a psychotic reaction.
I never experienced that, didn't fall into a trance, get high, have visions, or become a morning glory addict and have to go rehab, but in knowing that I'm content to admire their beauty, scent, and leave it at that while suggesting others do the same.
Makes me wonder though if bees get high on morning glories kind of like cows will on silage? Which can be really funny as silage ferments.
Bees supposedly aren't aerodynamically suited to flight and yet they fly – too bad the same can't be said of humans.
It's gotten cold enough now where bees have retired for the winter, they've laid up stores and have the ability to maintain a constant temperature within the hive – don't know if they play board games to wile away the winter hours or have a library to avail themselves of but they've generationally cultivated a lifestyle that suits them.
Maybe they have elders and story tellers like grandfather, I'd like to think so.
What I do know is the world would be a radically different place if not for them.


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Scottish Aviation Ltd
Scottish Aviation Ltd was the last Scottish aircraft manufacturing company remaining in production at the end of World War II, and survived as such until April 29, 1977, when it merged with the British Aircraft Corporation, Hawker Siddeley Aviation and Hawker Siddeley Dynamics to form the nationalised corporation of British Aerospace.
The company began in 1935, when Group Captain Duncan McIntyre and the Marquess of Douglas and Clydesdale (later 14th Duke of Hamilton, Douglas Douglas-Hamilton) acquired some 348 acres of land adjacent to Orangefield House, Monkton, near Prestwick. The two were pioneers of aviation, and had made the first flight over Everest in 1933, in an open biplane. The 80th anniversary of this flight was reported in The Guardian.[1]
They had selected the location because it already had an aviation history, with records of flyers operating from the site from c. 1913, which was only about ten years after the Wright brothers made their first powered flight in 1903. The site saw little development until the 1930s, when flight staff of the Midland and Scottish airline would land there, in a field known as the Meadow near Monkton, and take refreshments at the nearby Orangefield Hotel (the former Orangefield House), which opened in 1933.
The pair began by began by installing hangars, a small control tower, offices and lecture facilities. Operating Tiger Moth biplanes, they began pilot training for the RAF in 1936, as No 12 Elementary Flying Training School, and later expanded to include No 1 Air Observer Navigation School, operating twin engined Avro Ansons. Together with the schools, Scottish Aviation was also developing repair and overhaul operations.
World War II
With the arrival of World War II, the RAF took over the site, which became RAF Prestwick. The airport developed rapidly in order to handle the large volume of American aircraft ferry traffic.
Scottish Aviation became involved in the service and maintenance of aircraft on behalf of the RAF, working both on the airfield itself, and providing staff to work at other facilities around the area, such as the Largs seaplane base. Much of the work involved the conversion of American aircraft to use British weapons systems, fitting aircraft such as the PBY Catalina flying boat with British machine guns, bomb racks, and avionics.
In 1941, the Palace of Engineering, which had been a feature of the 1938 Empire Exhibition held in Bellahouston Park, Glasgow, was dismantled and rebuilt at Prestwick, providing the business with the factory space it needed to develop its rapidly expanding aircraft manufacturing business.
The end of the war also saw the end of training operations at the airfield, when a major air base was installed on the site to serve the USAF.
Following the end of the war, the company built robust military STOL (short take-off and landing) utility aircraft such as the Pioneer (1950, 59 were built) and larger Twin Pioneer, (1955, 87 were built), later producing navigational training aircraft following the collapse of the Handley Page Aircraft Company. The wood-framed training aircraft remained in production until the mid 1960s, and remained in service with the RAF until 1968.
The company bought the rights to build the two-seat, side-by-side, Bulldog single engine trainer aircraft from Beagle Aircraft, which was produced at Prestwick throughout the 1970s, with some 320 aircraft completed. Their main customer was the RAF, which placed an order for 130 Bulldog T.1 trainers in 1972.
Scottish Aviation also took over production of the Handley Page Jetstream aircraft, a small twin turboprop airliner featuring a pressurised fuselage. The original aircraft ran into problems with the engines, which raised the development costs from �3 million to �13 million. Although it was re-engined with American power units in place of the French originals, making it acceptable to the American market, Handley Page still went bankrupt in 1970, with the prototype having only taken to the air in December 1969. Scottish Aviation saw sufficient interest in the completed design to make it a viable prospect, and purchased the aircraft as part of a consortium named Jetstream Aircraft.
Scottish Aviation was subsequently nationalised in a move first proposed in 1975, which saw British Aircraft Corporation, Hawker Siddeley Aviation, and Hawker Siddeley Dynamics become merged into into a single national enterprise, British Aerospace (BAe), in 1977.[2][3] BAe decided the Jetstream design was worth further development, and the aircraft went on to progress through a number of designations over the years: the Jetstream 1, 2, 200, 201, with the T.1 and T.2 for the RAF. Since 1980, it became known as the BAe Jetstream 31, 32, and then 41.
In the later years of production at Prestwick, the site took on work for production of the BAe ATP (Advanced Turboprop) aircraft from the Woodford, Manchester site. A total of 63 ATP aircraft were built between the two sites before production ended in 1994. Work diversified in later years, and aircraft modification came to be the main activity, together with with the construction of buses (some of which were delivered to Glasgow Corporation), caravans, electric fires, and bottle coolers.
Aircraft production finally came to an end at Prestwick when, in May 1997, BAe announced the closure of the Jetstream 41 production line. The last new aircraft came off the assembly line in 1998, marking the end of nearly 60 years of aircraft production on the Scottish site.
The company also took on related projects, and was involved in the development and production of the Scottish Aviation Scamp electric car for the Electricity Council in 1965, but was only to produce 12 prototypes before the project was ended.
1 ⇑ The first flight over Everest: a physiologist's dream | Vanessa Heggie | Science | guardian.co.uk Retrieved April 04, 2013.
2 ⇑ 1975 | 0582 | Flight Archive Retrieved June 15, 2014.
3 ⇑ 1977 | 1504 | Flight Archive Retrieved June 15, 2014.
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United States Patent and Trademark Office OG Notices: 20 February 2007
Registration to Practice The following list contains the names of persons applying for registration to practice before the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Final approval for registration is subject to establishing to the satisfaction of the Director of the Office of Enrollment and Discipline that the person seeking registration is of good moral character and repute. 37 CFR Sec. 11.7. Accordingly, any information tending to affect the eligibility of any of the following persons on moral, ethical, or other grounds should be furnished to the Director of Enrollment and Discipline on or before March 9, 2007 at the following address: Mail Stop OED, United States Patent and Trademark Office, P.O. Box 1450, Alexandria, VA 22313-1450. Barr, Eric Scott, 2043 Overlook Pass, Apartment 4, Middleton, WI 53562 Benes, Edward George, Benes Staudacher and Krantz, LLC, 2127 West Walton, Unit #3, Chicago, IL 60622 Brazys, Lindsey Suzanne, 2305 Hazeltine Drive, Michigan City, IN 46360 Chaskar, Hemant Madhusudan, 255 North Road #78, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Chintalapoodi, Pramod, 575 West Madison Street, Apartment #101, Chicago, IL 60661 Cole, Monique Tia, Birch, Stewart, Kolasch & Birch, LLP, 8110 Gatehouse Road, Suite 100 East, P.O. Box 747, Falls Church, VA 22040-0747 Crowther, David Aaron, 1212 S.W. 182nd Avenue, Aloha, OR 97006 Domenig, Jurg Leonard, 5A Follen Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 Elliott, Ryan William, 2001 McAllister Street, Apartment 213, San Francisco, CA 94118 Green, James Michael Chironex, 1602 Collegeview Avenue, Raleigh, NC 27606 Kurceren, Ragip, Nokia Corporation, 6000 Connection Drive, Mail Drop: 1-4-755, Irving, TX 75039 Lee, Jr., Granvill David, 4516 Natahala Drive, Clinton, MD 20735 LeGasse Jr., Francis Michael, United States Patent and Trademark Office, 501 Dulany Street, Knox Building OD65, Alexandria, VA 22313 Loos, Thomas Joseph, 1104 Packard Street, Apartment 5, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 Mantooth, Tyler Joseph, 1801 Beverly Hills, Norman, OK 73072 Mehta, Mitesh, Plevy, Howard & Darcy, P.C., 550 Pinetown Road, Suite 430, Fort Washington, PA 19034 Raya, Paul Michael, Cook, Alex, McFarron, Manzo, Cummings & Mehler, Ltd., 200 West Adams Street, Suite 2850, Chicago, IL 60606 Rollins, Rosiland Stace, 4304 Reverend Evershield Court, Upper Marlboro, MD 20772 Russell, Seth Alton, Vinson & Elkins, L.L.P., 2500 First City Tower, 1001 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77002-6760 Sanders, Jr., John Russell, Birch, Stewart, Kolasch & Birch, LLP, 8110 Gatehouse Road, Falls Church, VA 22040-0747 Schaller, Scott Anthony, 1101 South Arlington Ridge Road, #509, Arlington, VA 22202 Smith, Brett Joseph, 625 West Madison Street, Apt. 610, Chicago, IL 60661 Stabler, Nicholas Michael, 901 N.W. 85th Terrace, Apartment #1416, Plantation, FL 33324 Stankiewicz, John Walter, 6404 Bigelow Commons, Enfield, CT 06083 Swanson, Scott David, 3535 Greenbriar Boulevard, Apartment 34A, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 Wagner, Jenny Louise, United States Patent and Trademark Office, 501 Dulany Street, Knox Building 0D65, Alexandria, VA 22314 Wang, Liaoteng, Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, 650 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1050 Yapchanyk, Richard Stephen, 41 Hazelton Road, Yonkers, NY 10710 January 23, 2007 HARRY I. MOATZ Director of Enrollment & Discipline


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I lost my dog.
Passed have three choleric
and nomadic days,
together with restless, starless
and dreamless nights,
since my globes feasted the sight
of my precious.Likewise,
lost were periods
of breakfasts upon his bland barks,
sleep tangled to sleepless marks,
and prayers roped to his softness
in my toes.
Aye reader, Seen you tither he went?
Black, says people his color is,
rbbing the warmth of every eyeful,
and his honest eyes with same.
How he came of color such?
Wasn't born so, Sure I am,
but maybe because of me?
Words had leaked the premium miser tongues.
But Had he ever been so?
Before we knotted each other?
No, guess I. It was me.
Reader again, pursing eyes through lines,
look around and along,
he might be left or right to you.
Now lost is my dog and so is me.
What had If lost its identity too?
Barks. Beauty. Blackness.
How am I to spot it across the street?
Furthermore, Am I missing a point?
I missed the dog or he do me?
What if I ad been bestowed
of all greatness poetrised above
for that little of little creature,
and not the way around?
It dwells on certainity, I lost
those the moment my dog lost me.
With myself changed,
How will it run to me across the streets?


text:
June 17, 2013
Sustainability programs are a Goldilocks proposition – some groups are too big, some are too small, and the environment benefits when the size of a group of people working to save it is just right.
It has long been debated how many people working together can change the world. Whether it's joining forces to conserve gas, save a forest or stave off climate change, arguments have been made for the power of a dedicated few or the strength of numbers. It also has been a mystery what tips a group dynamic from powerful to unproductive.
March 22, 2013
Water -- especially the lack of it -- is emerging as the next global imperative, and China is center on the world's stage of devising plans and policies to provide enough water to survive and thrive.
March 12, 2013
China's investment of money and decades to stem the tide of environmental destruction and protect its natural resources has done more than save flora and fauna – it has also provided a roadmap for itself and the rest of the world.
Center for Systems Integration and SustainabilityMichigan State University115 Manly Miles Building1405 S. Harrison Rd.East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
(517) 432-5025
The Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability at Michigan State University integrates ecology with socioeconomics, demography and other disciplines for ecological sustainability from local, national to global scales.
Coupled Human and Natural Systems (CHANS) are integrated systems in which humans and natural components interact. CHANS research has recently emerged as an exciting and integrative field of cross-disciplinary scientific inquiry to find sustainable solutions that both benefit the environment and enable people to thrive. Visit CHANS-Net, the international network of research on coupled human and natural systems, for information and ways to engage.


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I'm considering my options for my next order of base malt. I'm working in a micro-brewery now, so I can get a 25kg bag without the high delivery charge.
I'm wondering what to go for - Maris otter, Halycon, Optic, golden promise, propino etc.
Just wondering about the differences between them all. Maris Otter seems to be the 'go to' safe bet.
Would appreciate opinions/views.