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So there are a few things I forgot to mention in the last post. First off, Christopher has officially grown out of his cotton diapers. It's been about a month now. They are advertised to go as far as potty training, but when you have a child the size of Christopher, well... they don't. So we're now in disposables. Hopefully it will only be a few more months until we start pull ups and the whole potty training escapade. Don't worry, you'll be hearing about that in the months to come.
Also, I forgot to add that Santa visited Christopher a few weeks ago. He even showed up with a fire truck and ambulance. Christopher was napping when I heard the sirens on the street behind us. I raced upstairs and woke him from his slumber (which is something I never do), changed his diaper, put on shoes and a jacket and raced outside just in time to see the fire truck turn the corner onto our street. This was also the same time I realized the camera was inside. We hurried back inside, grabbed the camera and got back out to the street just as Mr. and Mrs. Claus pulled in front of our house. Christopher was scared and excited at the same time. I don't think he'd ever seen a fire truck that close, even though it's his favorite thing in the whole wide world. We chatted with Santa for a few minutes, posed for a photo op and got to get a close look at the emergency vehicles. Before we knew it, Santa was driving away and Christopher was waving good-bye. We plan on visiting Santa again next week at the Galleria but it sure was nice of him to pay us a visit!
So until we have our official Santa pictures next week, please enjoy these below...
Of course I've been a good boy Santa! Right Mom???
Bye By Santa!!!
Big Boo Boo #10
Waking up with all my favorites in tow.
Hunter Broad's 2nd Birthday Party at Chuck-e-Cheese!
Avah, Hunter and Shaina
Clapping for the big rat.
Playing on the slides.


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Aim: To assess the percentage volume of filling materials and voids in oval-shaped canals filled with either cold lateral condensation or warm compaction techniques, using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).
Methodology: Twenty-four single-rooted maxillary premolar teeth with oval-shaped canals were selected, the root canals prepared, and assigned to 2 groups (n=12), according to the filling technique: cold lateral compaction (CLC) or warm vertical compaction (WVC). Each specimen was scanned using a micro-CT device at an isotropic resolution of 12.5 μm. Percentage volume of root filling materials and voids were calculated, and data were statistically analyzed using Student t-test and Friedman's test, with a significance level of 5%.
Results: Overall, mean percentage volume of gutta-percha, sealer and voids were 82.33 ± 3.14, 13.42 ± 2.91, and 4.26 ± 0.74, respectively, in the CLC group, and 91.73 ± 4.48, 7.70 ± 4.44, and 0.57 ± 0.44, respectively, in WVC group, with statistical significant difference between groups (p < 0.05). At the apical level, differences in the percentage volume of filling materials and voids between groups were not significant (p > 0.05). No root fillings were void-free.
Conclusions: Warm vertical compaction produced a significantly greater volume of gutta-percha and a significantly lower percentage of voids than those achieved with cold lateral compaction. Distribution of sealer and voids within the root canal space after root filling procedure was unpredictable, irrespective of the root filling method.

subset: commoncrawl


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The 2018 edition of Fisherman's Friend StrongmanRun The Original – 20K, organized by RCS Sport – RCS Active Team, has been unforgettable thanks to the enchanting enthusiasm of the 2532 participants and to the city route which has allowed to the Rovereto inhabitants to cheer and support the strongmanrunners.
Since the early morning it was possible to breathe the party air in the city center thanks to the colored people of the Fisherman's Friend StrongmanRun, always capable of combining agonism and fun.
"It has been even this year a extraordinary event and once again the level of the event has raised both for the bizarre costumes and for the difficulty of the obstacle made more challenging by the hot weather. We want to thank the city administration of Rovereto and all the Partners who make this event extraordinary and impeccable" has stated Andrea Trabuio, RCS Sport – RCS Active Team Mass Events Technical Manager.
From 2.00PM all the participants were focused on the race and ready to give the maximum effort with the ultratrailer Michele Evangelisti, Race ambassador, leading the race with the race bib number 1.
"Music, sweat and many challenging obstacle. The funniest thing is the masks. The atmosphere is crazy. It has been an incredible experience. I have run with my team without thinking about the time and helping those in difficulty". Has stated Michele Evangelisti, ultratrailer and race ambassador.
Among the most evocative moments, there are the passage inside the Quercia Rovereto Città della Pace e dello Sport stadium, the crossing of the Brione neighborhood and the double crossing of the Leno river with two fire trucks whi sprayed strong jets of water.
The Obstacles have shined again for their difficulty and for their fantasy both in the preparation and in the name. The most feared obstacles were the "Dolomiti Energia Tough Geyser", located in Piazza Rosmini and built over the famous circular fountain. The structure of 5 meters of height was composed by a large naval net and hold by two blocks of containers (three per side).
Moreover, the "La Sportiva 90 METERS OF GLORY", located in Corso Bettini close to the MART, has been really appreciated by the runners. It is 90 meters long in honor of the technical sponsor, who celebrates in 2018 90 years since the establishment. The first part was composed by tires, followed by a big tub of water inside a container. Then, the participants have faced hay bales, a passage inside tubes and a ramp, on which they climbed to reach a group of containers located at 5 meters height.
Even if Fisherman's Friend StrongmanRun is not an agonistic event, it is fair to announce the first three men and women to cut the finish line including also their times.
1- Daniele Andreis 1.20.49
2- Stefano Medessi 1.30.17
3- Nicola Brida 1.31.09
1- Alessia Scalet 1.46.17
2- Sarah Natali 1.49.57
3- Marta Cereda 1.58.50
The winner in the men category is Daniele Andreis, 27 years old from Caldes in Val di Sole. He is a sky race specialist and it is his second appearance in the FFSR: " Two years ago I finished 2nd. This year I really liked the crossing of the Leno river. How to win? No secrets, because here it is important knowing how to improvise".
The winner in the women category is Alessia Scalet, 38 years old from Primiero San Martino di Castrozza.
She is a FFSR veteran. She has collected three victories, a second place and a third place in the past editions: "The most beautiful obstacles? The "Dolomiti Energia Tough Geyser" with the net suspended over the fountain in Piazza Rosmini and "La Sportiva Power Rush" which has to be passed thorugh exploiting only your arms."
Curiosity about the participants:
The country most represented is of course Italy, but overall 27 countries have been represented. Germany and Switzerland have the major number of members after Italy: 16 Germany and 24 Switzerland. However, there were runners From Tanzana, Perù and Israel.
At regional level, there were participants from 17 different regions: Veneto is the most represented with 654 runners. Trentino and Lombardia follow with 591 and 368 participants.
The oldest runner are the Italian Carlo Papa (72 years old) and the Italian Emiliana Coser.
From 8.00PM the party moved to Piazza Achille Leoni with the Strong Party animated by DJ Luca Asta.
Dolomiti Energia has lunched the "Dolomiti Hydrotour" project, which allows to understand how the 100% clean energy is produced in Trentino. In particular, linked to the obstacle race, every strongmanrunner, who will show his race bib at the Dolomiti Hydrotour stand, will be able to access to guided tours for free organized inside hydroelectric power plants of Riva del Garda or Santa Massenza.
2018 Partners:
LA SPORTIVA // NAMED SPORT//PASTIFICIO FELICETTI // GRAPPE MARZADRO // SANGEMINI // MELINDA // EKIS//FLIXBUS. La Gazzetta dello Sport con Sportweek as media partner. Official Radio: Viva FM. Local partners: Comune di Rovereto e Dolomiti Energia; More partners: ASV Agenzia Sport Vallagarina, Trentino, Tecnotek, Effer, Marangoni e Scaligera Service.


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"The whole universe depends on everything fitting together just right. If one piece busts, even the smallest piece ... the whole universe will get busted."
So we're informed by Hushpuppy, the preternaturally wise 6-year-old narrator and protagonist of Beasts of the Southern Wild, the debut feature from Benh Zeitlin. The film recounts Hushpuppy's existential awakening, as she learns how to keep the pieces in place in order to best ride out the chaos of the universe.
Hushpuppy (Quvenzhané Wallis) lives with her father, Wink (Dwight Henry), and a handful of neighbors at the very edge of Louisiana, where the bayou runs into the sea. The natives, who live in houses made of junk, call it The Bathtub: "They think we're gonna drown down here," Hushpuppy explains, "but we ain't going nowhere."
There is trouble coming, though: a hurricane, a death, and as suggested by Hushpuppy's musings, potentially cataclysmic events on a massive scale. She has her own child-like common sense — she knows to listen to animals, for instance — but it's her tough-love daddy who must provide her most critical schooling.
Zeitlin's film was much buzzed about earlier this year at Cannes and Sundance, and it's unlike anything else playing theaters this summer. Told from the perspective of a child, it's a matter-of-fact account of a hardscrabble existence combined with both the lyrical and fearsome aspects of a fairy tale — an optimistic bit of fatalism that's as uplifting as it is disconcerting.
Similarly, its production values range from docu-style hand-held camerawork to gorgeous dreamlike sequences, such as the slightly out-of-focus shots of Hushpuppy running through the dark woods with sparklers. But some clunky CGI made me wish today's filmmakers couldn't reach for fake-reality so easily. (On the other hand, I loved some of the word pictures Hushpuppy created, such as describing a sterile hurricane-refugee center as "a fish tank with no water.")
Remarkably, the film's heady mix of real and unreal is delivered on the tiny but extraordinarily capable shoulders of 6-year-old actress Wallis. Neither she nor Henry, who plays her father, are professionals, yet their performances are riveting.
Beasts is a crazy-cool stewpot, an allegorical fable informed by our knowledge of dangerous reality, like climate change, and mitigated by a child's sense of wonder and steady purpose. Hushpuppy, like her fellow "beasts" — and the term is not meant pejoratively — knows she must live in harmony with the natural order, even its dark sides, such as floods or death. "Everybody loses the thing that made them," explains Hushpuppy. "The brave men stay and watch it happen. They don't run."


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Cape Town - Temba Bavuma's maiden Test century stole the show on a special day at Newlands on Tuesday.
Bavuma was 102* when captain Hashim Amla somewhat surprisingly declared the South African innings on 627/7 - two runs short of England's first innings total of 629/6.
It was a scenario that seemed highly unlikely when England declared at 14:22 on Sunday.
England were made to bat for just under half an hour before the close, and they will go into Wednesday's final day on 16/0 - 18 runs ahead.
Hashim Amla's defiant double century - the fourth of his Test career - set the tone and was undoubtedly the spine of the Proteas recovery, but by the end of the day Bavuma had stolen the headlines.
The 25-year-old had hit 11 boundaries by the time he got to his half century off 52 balls, and while his scoring rate slowed down substantially after tea, the magic that was to follow made it all worth the wait.
In the 210th over Bavuma, on 96, edged Finn past first slip. The race was on - Moeen Ali at third man scampering around to stop the boundary.
Much to the delight of every South African in the ground, the ball won the race and Bavuma had three figures in a moment that was as special as they come.
A fist pump towards the dressing room followed, and Bavuma had made history by becoming the first black South African to score a century for the Proteas.
England felt that they were right back in the driver's seat just after lunch, when a lethal new ball spell had seen James Anderson and Stuart Broad take three Proteas wickets for just five runs.
With Chris Morris and Bavuma both at the wicket on 0, South Africa were still 180 runs behind at that stage and England would have backed themselves to get one more and expose the lower order.
But either side of that period of wicket-taking frenzy, the day belonged firmly to the home side.
Amla and Du Plessis had batted through the entire first session before they were removed - Amla eventually perishing for 201 while Du Plessis fell five balls later for 86.
Quinton de Kock (5) did not last - out pulling a short ball ball from Broad straight to Anderson at square leg.
What followed, though, was entertainment of the highest order and a partnership that rescued this Test match for South Africa.
Bavuma and Morris raced to their 50 partnership in 48 balls.
Morris, meanwhile, got to his 50 on Test debut off 86 balls.
England had their chances.
Amla benefited from poor catching on 76, 120, 197 and 210 while Bavuma and Morris were also given a dose of good fortune in the final session.
Bavuma was dropped by wicketkeeper Jonny Bairstow when he was on 77, while Morris was put down by Joe Root at slip when he was on 58.
Morris was dismissed for 69, driving a fullish delivery from Steven Finn to Root at cover, and that brought the curtain down on a remarkable seventh-wicket partnership of 166 of 242.
When the declaration came, the stadium was still buzzing after Bavuma's hundred, and few would have been expecting it.
With 13 wickets having fallen in four days of cricket, any result other than a draw seems unlikely.


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Best Motivational Speech From Derek Clark Motivational Speaker
Watch this inspiring video of how motivational speaker Derek Clark, who was in foster care for 13 years, took a huge struggle in life, found a solution and turned it into success. Derek Clark shares how he took ownership of his life and how he did not let his parents mistakes define him. Like us on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/pages/Derek-... Derek is the inspirational author of Never Limit Your Life and the I Will Never Give Up book series. Never let a weakness destroy your greatness! Find out more about Derek Clark at www.IWillNeverGiveUp.com


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Last year was the most competitive college admissions cycle we have ever seen. Harvard had their all-time low 5.79% admissions rate on an all-time high 35,023 applications received. Not to be outdone, Stanford had an all-time low 5.69% admissions rate on an all-time high 38,828 applications received. Those hoping for better odds this year are likely to be out of luck, admissions to highly selective colleges and universities have been getting more competitive year over year for decades. However, digging into some recently leaked information from the College Board (the non-profit entity that administers the SAT test) and the Common Application indicates that while gaining acceptance into the elite colleges seems like an insurmountable task, the overwhelming majority of people applying to college are under-prepared and under-qualified, meaning there are plenty of opportunities for well-prepared students to find a spot at these hyper-selective schools.
First, it is worth noting that not everyone who applies to college in the United States takes the SAT. Some take the ACT, and some don't take any test at all, as many colleges are discarding the requirement for applicants to submit a standardized test score with their application. That being said, the numbers from the College Board will give us a good proxy for this year's applicant pool.
1.66 million unique students took the SAT this past year, of which only 43% were deemed academically prepared for college. Academically prepared, as determined by the College Board, means scoring 1,550 out of 2,400 on the SAT, which is supposed to indicate that an applicant is more likely to enroll, earn at least a B minus average in their freshman year, and ultimately graduate college. This is the 5th year in a row that less than 50% of test takers were deemed academically prepared for college – a sobering reality for those in the everyone should go to college movement. Even more troublesome, for those who think that public education (where the overwhelming majority of minority students go to school) is the great equalizer, is is that less than 16% of African American test takers and less than 24% of Hispanic test takers met or exceeded the 1,550 benchmark. Although these numbers indicate that African American and Hispanic students are being left behind in the one-size-fails-all education system, it also screams opportunity for those parents who can harness the resources necessary to help their children navigate the failed government schooling system, to place them into an alternative school environment where they can thrive, or homeschool them so that they are no longer dependent on the welfare of education professionals who are apathetic to the unmet potential of minority students.
Looking at those who applied to college using the Common Application last year, we can identify other opportunities for certain applicants. First, like the College Board, the Common Application numbers do not represent the full applicant pool. A select number of schools do not accept the Common Application, such as Georgetown University and West Point, and some applicants opt to apply to schools using their unique application form, when possible.
Last year there were about 724,000 unique users of the Common Application, worldwide. Of that number, 56% were female, meaning that it is now considerably easier to gain admission to college as a man than as a woman. 58% of applicants self-identified as White, 29% as students of color, and 13% did not respond to the race question, the majority of which are most likely Asian and White, many of who believe that they suffer from reverse discrimination in the application process (true for Asians, not so much for Whites).
From a schooling perspective, 74% of applicants are from public high schools, 14% are from independent schools, 12% are from religious schools, and less than 1% are homeschooled. Unfortunately for those who go to public schools, colleges don't accept 74% of their class from that pool, primarily because those kids with hooks typically don't go to public schools, and because most public schools do a terrible job of preparing kids for college, save the rare magnet schools and very rich suburban schools. The opportunity here is in the very small number of homeschooled applicants. Those students who homeschool can place themselves in very advantageous positions when it comes to college admissions, if they exploit the opportunities that come with the flexibility and freedom of a non-school environment. See my previous posts on how to do so.
Geographically, the top five states in terms of applications are New York, California, Massachusetts, New Jersey and Illinois. Curiously not on the list is the second most populous state of Texas, which comes in at number eleven. This indicates a real opportunity for applicants from Texas (and other southern states), as the elite schools want to have geographic diversity in their class, but do not necessarily have good representation from these states in terms of well-qualified applicants.
Finally, 9% of the applicants come from overseas, with China making up 36% of the international pool, and the only country that breaks the 5% mark of the international pool. Numbers two through five in terms of international applications are India, S. Korea, Canada and Pakistan. While middle-class American applicants may bemoan the difficulty of gaining admission to the elite universities, they have it easy compared to the middle-class applicants from overseas.
Fortunately, a college degree is not a necessary credential to lead a sustainable or prosperous life. However, some jobs are reserved for college graduates, and some of the highest paying jobs are reserved for graduates from a tiny sliver of the most selective colleges. Additionally, graduate degrees are necessary to break into certain career fields such as medicine or academia, and going to the more prestigious colleges helps make success along that path more probable. For those who wish to go down the path of gaining admission into selective colleges, the time to prepare is sooner rather than later; and for those who prepare well enough in advance, gaining admission into those selective colleges will not be nearly as daunting as the numbers suggest.


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Luxembourg, April 12, 2018
Hera Wireless S.A. a wholly owned subsidiary of Sisvel International announced that it has entered into a Wi-Fi patent license agreement with Buffalo Inc. Buffalo ...
San Francisco, June 10-12
Innovation and technology are fundamental drivers of the world economy and intellectual property is a vital tool to protect and foster this ecosystem. By supporting innovation, we create incentives for R&D, providing firms with a new revenue stream for further economic development.
Protecting ideas means support for the growth of your business. Let's work this out together.Send us an Email


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Nutrition experts have advised that to control weight and blood sugar, we should eat six small meals throughout the day—especially diabetics. However, new research stated that a big breakfast and lunch, with the same amount calories of mini meals, might be the better bet.
Published in the journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes Diabetlogia, researchers evaluated 29 men and 25 women ages 30-70 that was prescribed oral medication to treat their diabetes. The first group was asked to eat six small meals, whereas the second consumed two large meals for breakfast and lunch for the duration of 12 weeks. Both groups were asked to eat 500 calories less than the recommended daily amount, and both diets had the same macronutrient and calorie content.
Led by Dr. Hana Kahleová, from the Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, in Prague, Czech Republic, the study found that while body weight decreased in both diets, the second group who are 2 meals lost an average of three more pounds. The second group had lower liver fat content percentage than the first group. Fasting plasma glucose and C-peptide levels decreased in both groups, but once again more for the second group.Fasting plasma glucagon—the hormone that converts glycogen back to glucose—decreased with the second group, but these levels increased for first group.
"These results suggest that, for type 2 diabetic patients on a calorie-restricted diet, eating larger breakfasts and lunches may be more beneficial than six smaller meals during the day," the study stated.
Kahleová stated that at first, the participants were afraid that they would become hungry in the evening. "But when they ate six times a day the meals were not leaving them feeling satisfied. It was quite surprising," she stated.
The researchers added that further larger scale and long-term studies should be conducted before a diet that consists of eating twice a day is recommended.


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In January, the Colorado Parks and Wildlife Commission voted not to allow the reintroduction of wolves back into the state.
That's too bad, because wolves are coming. They may already be here. You don't think so? Then why is there a wolf-sighting form on the wildlife commission's website, and why do so many Coloradans claim to have seen Canis lupus in the high country?
Theories on how top-tier predators are crucial in ordering and stabilizing landscapes have now been proven. To understand the potential for wolves in Colorado, we can study lessons learned from two decades of wolf recovery in Yellowstone National Park.
I teach my college students that wolves brought butterflies back to Yellowstone. I explain that wolves cut the coyote population in half. With fewer coyotes there are more small rodents and mammals aerating the soil and providing better grasses and flowers. But the largest and most dramatic effect has been culling the Yellowstone elk herd.
By 1995 the ungulates had done severe damage to the park. Wolves changed that. As wolf packs began to hunt elk, the wapiti were slowed and caught in downed timber along rivers and streams. So elk learned safety meant higher sagebrush benches where they could see and smell better.
With fewer elk, plants recovered. Aspen thrived. And in this new thicker forest of riverine vegetation, beaver colonies established small pools, attracting other animals, insects, and yes, butterflies.
So who's afraid of the big, bad wolf? Hunters who see fewer elk, ranchers worried about their cattle, and sheep men forced to adopt new herding techniques. I'm a big game hunter. Why would I promote more competition for the cow elk I like to shoot? Because I believe in intact ecosystems. I believe hard science trumps superstition and false facts.
It's been over a decade since the Colorado Parks and Wildlife Commission convened its Wolf Working Group. It's time for a new working group to convene and for wolf education sessions to start as well. The latter were a goal in the group's original report but they have never taken place.
Would wolves change Colorado ecosystems? Yes, but first, they have to get here, and that's anything but easy. Wolves would have to cross the Red Desert of Wyoming and Rio Blanco and Moffat counties, where many ranchers carry rifles in their pickups.
That's why official reintroduction is important. In the Mount Zirkel, Maroon Bells, Raggeds, or South San Juan wildernesses, we only need a breeding pair. A young male and female with amorous intent.
In June 2004, a wolf died along Interstate 70 after being hit by a car. Five years later, in 2009, a GPS-collared wolf traveled 3,000 miles before dying from a banned poison in Rio Blanco County. In April 2015, a coyote hunter accidentally killed a gray wolf near Kremmling, 100 miles west of Denver.
Wolves are coming, slowly. Colorado Parks and Wildlife even has a 10-year-old plan, "Findings and Recommendations for Managing Wolves that Migrate into Colorado." Strategies involve adaptive management and damage payments for livestock killed.
What's more, "Migrating wolves should be allowed to live with no boundaries where they find habitat," and "Wolf distribution in Colorado will ultimately be defined by the interplay between ecological needs and social tolerance." Once here, state wildlife staff "will implement programs to make sure that wolves are included as a part of wildlife heritage."
If wolves are returning, why not also reintroduce them and boost genetic diversity? Yet in 1982, 1989, and again last month, the state's Wildlife Commission voted to oppose "the intentional release of any wolves into Colorado." That decision is regrettable.
If wolves arrive on their own, we'll have to live with where they appear. If wolves are introduced, there can be more flexibility on where they live and more planned ecological impacts. Wolf reintroduction first requires a positive vote from the Colorado State Wildlife Commission. A second affirmative vote must come from the Colorado State Legislature. When I tell my college students that wolves are coming home to Colorado, I always add that I hope I'll be around to see them take hold. We need them back.
Gulliford is a contributor to Writers on the Range, an opinion service of High Country News (hcn.org), where this column first appeared. He teaches history and environmental studies at Fort Lewis College.
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WAKES COLNE (2,058 a. or 833 ha.) lies on thenorth bank of the river Colne c. 8 miles west of Colchester. The ancient parish (1,935 a.) wasbounded by the Colne on part of the south, asmall tributary on much of the west, and theCambridge (earlier Jennyes or Loveney Hall) (fn. 69) brook on part of the north; the eastern boundarywith Fordham followed field boundaries. In themid 19th century the parish comprised two mainareas, separated by parts of Mount Bures and Chappel parishes, and four smaller detachedareas, three (6 a.) in Chappel and one (2 a.) inWhite Colne. (fn. 70) Those detachments dated fromthe 16th century or earlier. Land in the centreof the parish, near Wakes Colne green, which was in Bures Hamlet in 1534 had been incorporated into Wakes Colne by 1838. (fn. 71) Under theDivided Parishes Act of 1882, a total of 90 a.formerly in Chappel, 26 a. formerly in MountBures, and 2 a. formerly in White Colne weretransferred to Wakes Colne, and 6 a. formerlyin Wakes Colne was transferred to Chappel. (fn. 72) Nevertheless Wakes Colne remained an irregular shape, almost split into two by tongues of Chappel and Mount Bures.
Figure 21: Wakes Colne c. 1800
Wakes Colne occupies a ridge between thevalleys of the Colne and the Stour. The landrises from below 23 m. in the Colne valley to ahigh point of 71 m. just north of Wakes Colnegreen, then slopes steeply to 35 m. in the valleyof the Cambridge brook. The eastern part of theparish slopes into the valley of a small tributaryof the Colne, then rises to 53 m. near CreppingHall. The higher land is boulder clay, but theColne, the Cambridge brook, and the brooknear Crepping Hall have all exposed bands ofLondon clay with Kesgrave sand and gravel intheir valleys. There is a narrow band of alluviumalong the Colne, and a larger patch of sand andgravel extends from the church to CreppingHall. (fn. 73)
The road from Colchester to Cambridgethrough Earls Colne and Halstead, turnpiked in1765, (fn. 74) runs along the southern edge of theparish. A network of minor roads and tracks,chief among them that running from Great Teyto Mount Bures, connects the scattered farmsteads to each other and to Wakes Colne green.Carriers and a horse-drawn omnibus ran alongthe Colchester road from Earls Colne toColchester in 1848, presumably stopping inWakes Colne. Arthur Hutley started a motor busservice from Coggeshall to Colchester throughthe Colnes c. 1915; by the 1930s EasternNational and Blackwell & Sons ran an hourlyservice. Blackwells was acquired by Hedingham& District Omnibus in 1965. The Hedinghamand Eastern National services were still runningin 1984. (fn. 75)
The Colchester, Stour Valley, Sudbury, andHalstead Railway company completed its linefrom Marks Tey to Sudbury through WakesColne in 1849, (fn. 76) and the Colne Valley andHalstead Railway company completed their linefrom Chappel station to Halstead in 1860. (fn. 77) TheSudbury line was still open in 1996; the Halsteadline closed to passenger traffic in 1961 and togoods traffic in 1965. (fn. 78) Chappel station, actuallyin Wakes Colne, was opened in 1849 and rebuiltin 1891. In 1969, when closure of the lineseemed imminent, the buildings were acquiredby the Stour Valley Railway PreservationSociety which in 1986 became the East AnglianRailway Museum. In 1996 the Museum ownedthe whole site except the track and platform forthe Marks Tey-Sudbury trains. (fn. 79)
A site overlooking the brook on the westernboundary of the parish was occupied from theRoman to the later medieval period. (fn. 80) By the10th century Wakes Colne formed part of alarge estate which took its name from the riverColne, and which belonged to the ealdormen ofEssex. Crepping, presumably a separate estate,extended into the later parishes of Fordham andChappel. Its name contains the element 'ingas','followers of', with a lost personal name, andmay date from the early or mid Anglo-Saxonperiod. (fn. 81)
In 1086 there was a recorded population of25, including 3 servi, on Wakes Colne manor,and 14 on the 4 estates which formed the laterCrepping manor. (fn. 82) In 1349 at least 13 tenants ofCrepping manor had died by summer, presumably of the plague, 6 of them without heirs. (fn. 83) There were 106 poll-tax payers in Wakes Colnein 1377, (fn. 84) but the numerous unrepaired ordemolished houses reported in the 15th centuryand the early 16th (fn. 85) suggest a declining popu-lation then. The parish apparently escaped manyof the 17th-century epidemics, but the numberof burials in 1694, 1695, and 1696 was doublethe average for the decade. Thirty-two households were assessed for hearth tax in 1671 andanother 24 were exempt, (fn. 86) implying a populationof c. 200, a greater number than that suggestedby the 89 adults reported in 1676. (fn. 87) Smallpoxprobably accounted for above average numbersof deaths in 1712, 1737, and 1738, (fn. 88) but thepopulation rose fairly steadily throughout the18th century and the earlier 19th to reach 372in 1801 and 535 in 1861. It fell to 482 in 1901,when there was concern at the number of youngmen leaving the parish, (fn. 89) then rose to 501 in1911. The population remained under 500 formost of the 20th century, falling as low as 435in 1961, and was still only 462 in 1981; in 1991it was 546. (fn. 90)
Woodland clearance in the early Middle Agesled to a pattern of dispersed settlement, muchof it around greens or tyes. By 1777 WakesColne, Allcocks, and Parkers (later Parkhurst)greens, still totalling c. 14 a., marked the site ofan earlier and larger area of common grazing onthe high ground near the centre of the parish. (fn. 91) Encroachments on the greens started in the 17thcentury or earlier, and the last remnants ofWakes Colne green were inclosed in the 1930s. (fn. 92) Pump Hall on Middle Green incorporates theremains of a late 15th- or 16th-century housewith hall and cross wing, facing south onto a sitewhich was presumably then open but which wasbuilt on in the 17th century when the survivingOld Gables was erected. The 16th-centuryLyntons and the late 16th- or early 17th-centuryJordans Farm, on Lower Green, mark theformer north and south edges of the green.Lyntons comprises a main range, which contained the hall and service rooms, and a parlourwhich was roofed as a cross wing. A stack andupper floor were put into the hall in the 17thcentury. At Jordans the hall may originallyhave had a smoke bay, which was later replacedby a brick stack. The northern edge of Parkersgreen is marked by the small, later 16th-centuryhouse since divided into June and Wenoahcottages. It was of standard three-room plan; thehall and service rooms in the eastern cottage aredivided from the parlour in the western by thestack which, with the upper floor in the hall, wasprobably inserted early in the 17th century.
Figure 22: Wakes Colne Green, with fishers and its gardens in 1825
There are three moated sites in the parish,including the manor houses of Crepping andLittle Loveney Halls. The third moat, on highground on the eastern side of Allcocks green,may have surrounded the house occupied byGilbert the reeve in 1400 and by the Allcockfamily in the 17th century. The house, demolished by the early 20th century, was rebuilt inthe late 15th century as a hall with chamberblocks at either end. (fn. 93)
Several other substantial, late medieval,timber-framed houses survive; most of them areof two storeys. The later 15th-century WatchHouse, on the north-west corner of the crossroads north of Chappel bridge, was occupied bygentlemen in the 17th century and was one ofthe largest houses in the parish, with fivehearths, in 1671. (fn. 94) The two cross wings retaincrown-post roofs, but the roof to the central,hall, range was renewed in the 18th century.Earlier, perhaps in the later 16th century, a largechimney stack was inserted into the former crosspassage. The western, service, wing was remodelled and extended northwards in the early 17thcentury. Wakes Colne Place, formerly Bunners,on the Colchester road was a landmark by1501. (fn. 95) Behind the north and west fronts of thesurviving house are timber-framed ranges,apparently of a substantial L-shaped house of17th-century or earlier origin. Shortly before1813 William Brett (fn. 96) refronted the house inbrick, greatly extended it to the east and south,and refitted it internally. Lane Farm, on LaneRoad leading from the Colchester road to WakesColne green, is a late 14th- or early 15th-centuryhall-and cross-wing house which was remodelled in the 16th century and encased in brickin the early 19th. (fn. 97) The north-east corner of thenearby Fridays Cottage incorporates part of a15th-century parlour cross wing. One bay of thehall range, which has a cambered tie beam anda plain crown post, survives against its west side,and there is a 17th-century addition on the southside. Old House Farm, Station Road, (fn. 98) incorporates a possibly 14th-century cross wing towhich a hall and another cross wing were addedin the 15th century; both cross wings are of twostoreys. The house was much restored in themid 20th century.
Normandy Hall west of Parkhurst Green, formerly Normans Farm and the house for a copy hold estate in 1635, was built in the early 14thcentury as an aisled hall with a cross wing. (fn. 99) Fishers, the house of a medieval freehold, liessouth of Allcocks green. A house, built byWilliam and Mary Potter in 1635 with a principal room on either side of a large stack withoctagonal chimneys, forms the south-westcorner of the present L-shaped building. (fn. 1) Thebuilding was extended southwards in the mid17th century and remodelled c. 1768, when Johnand Elizabeth Brett built a wing to the west. (fn. 2) There was extensive refenestration and someinternal refitting in the later 19th century, andsome remodelling in the later 20th century. Adovehouse, recorded in 1914, (fn. 3) was demolishedc. 1973.
Further north, Inworth House, originallycomprising a hall and two ends under a singleroof, is of the late 15th or early 16th century. Itappears to take its name, first recorded for anearby field in 1838, (fn. 4) from a family rather thanfrom an early settlement. Great Loveney Hall,a 16th- or early 17th-century farmhouse near thenorthern parish boundary, was reconstructedand encased in brick in the 19th century. Theapproach drive and the garden walls appear toderive from a formal 18th-century arrangement.The south-eastern quarter of Oak Farm, in thesouth-east corner of the parish, is probably theparlour cross wing of an early 16th-centuryhouse whose main range abutted its west side.The wing is jettied along its south end and hasa large brick stack against the east wall. Againstthe north wall is a slightly later block which hada jetty along its west side and an external doorway in the north-east corner. In the mid 19thcentury a brick range containing principal roomswas built along the west side of the two oldblocks.
Twentieth-century infilling has created asmall village along the Colchester and Stationroads. There has also been infilling, includingcouncil houses of the 1970s, along Middle andLower Green roads. (fn. 5)
An alehouse was licensed in 1596, and tipplinghouses and unlicensed beer-sellers were reported throughout the 17th century. No WakesColne houses were licensed between 1769 and1823, the parish presumably being served byinns in Chappel. (fn. 6) The Gardener's Arms onWakes Colne green, recorded in 1838, closed in1974. The Sunderland Arms, beside the railwaystation by 1863, became the Railway inn c. 1890,and closed in 1964. (fn. 7) There was a small breweryon Wakes Colne green from 1861 or earlier until1914. (fn. 8) Since 1986 an annual beer festival hasbeen held at the East Anglian Railway Museum.
In the early 20th century most houses inthe parish used shallow wells, although streamwater was pumped by ram to many of thelarger houses. (fn. 9) A water tower was built on thenorthern edge of the parish in 1935-6. (fn. 10) Electricity was supplied by Colchester Borough from1933. (fn. 11)
A friendly society in Wakes Colne recordedin 1839 continued in 1844. (fn. 12) The Aldham andUnited Parishes Insurance Society had members in the parish from 1827 until c. 1951. (fn. 13) Areading room, opened with over 20 members in1907, had closed by 1912. (fn. 14) Bowls were playedillegally in 1529, and in 1538 a game of 'le camp',an early form of football, resulted in bloodshed. (fn. 15) Since the 1950s international motor cyclescrambles have been held in a field near theCambridge brook.
Wakes Colne was one of the manors belongingto Joan, princess of Wales, which was attackedby the insurgents in 1381. (fn. 16) There is no evidenceto support the local tradition that Kitty O'Shea,mistress and later wife of the Irish leader C. S.Parnell and sister of C. P. Wood of Wakes Hall,stayed at Lane Farm. (fn. 17)
MANORS. A manor of 1 hide and 30 a. in Colneheld by Assorin in 1066 was held by RobertMalet in demesne in 1086, and with Robert'sother lands formed the honor of Eye. (fn. 18) Themanor was held of that honor c. 1210, and in1274 when it was said formerly to have beenheld of the honor of Boulogne. (fn. 19) The over-lordship was not recorded thereafter.
Henry II granted the manor in 1174 to Saherde Quency, (fn. 20) from whom it passed to his brotherRobert (d. c. 1197) and to Robert's son Saherde Quency, earl of Winchester. (fn. 21) The mesnelordship descended from Saher to his son Roger,earl of Winchester (d. 1264), (fn. 22) and then toRoger's eldest daughter and coheir, Margaret,wife of William de Ferrers earl of Derby, whosegreat-grandson, Robert Fitz Walter of WoodhamWalter, held in 1328. (fn. 23) Walter Fitz Walter, LordFitz Walter, was in dispute with the demesnelord in 1393. (fn. 24) The lordship was last recordedin 1422. (fn. 25)
Before 1219, Saher de Quency gave Colne tohis younger son Robert. (fn. 26) Robert died before1264, and the manor passed with his youngerdaughter Hawise to Baldwin Wake, who waslord in 1274 and from whose family it wasnamed WAKES COLNE. (fn. 27) Baldwin (d. 1282)and Hawise (d. c. 1285) were succeeded by theirson John, Lord Wake (d. 1300), (fn. 28) and by John'sson Thomas (d. 1349) whose widow Blancheheld in dower until her death in 1380. (fn. 29) Themanor descended, with the barony of Wake, toJoan, countess of Kent and later princess ofWales. (fn. 30) She was succeeded in 1385 by her sonfrom her first marriage, Thomas Holland (d.1397), whose widow Alice held in dower untilher death in 1416. (fn. 31) Wakes Colne then passed totheir daughter Margaret, wife of Thomas ofLancaster, duke of Clarence. She died in 1440and was succeeded by her son John Beaufort,earl and later duke of Somerset (d. 1444), by hisdaughter Margaret, wife of Edmund Tudor, andby her son Henry VII. (fn. 32) Henry VIII granted themanor to his illegitimate son Henry FitzRoy,duke of Richmond and Somerset (d. 1536), andthen in 1544 to John de Vere, earl of Oxford. (fn. 33)
The manor descended with the earldom ofOxford until 1580 when Edward de Vere sold itto William Tiffin. (fn. 34) Tiffin (d. 1617) was succeeded by his great nephew, another WilliamTiffin, who sold Wakes Colne in 1635 to SirJohn Jacob. (fn. 35) Jacob sold it in 1646 to HarbottleGrimston, later Sir Harbottle, Bt. (fn. 36) WakesColne then descended with West Bergholt until1719 when William Grimston (formerlyLuckyn) sold it to John London. John was succeeded in 1735 by his son Samuel London. (fn. 37) Samuel, or his son of the same name, died in1778 and was followed by his widow Mary (d.1783), who devised the manor to her niecesElizabeth, wife of William Tice, and Mary, wifeof John Field. In 1784 the manor was settled onWilliam Tice and John Field, who in 1808 soldit to John Lay, tenant of Crepping Hall. (fn. 38) Lay(d. 1819) devised the manor to his nephew JohnJosselyn whose trustees sold it in 1823 to HenrySkingley. Skingley died in 1858 and was succeeded by his son Henry. (fn. 39) The manor, but notthe land, was sold in 1869 to Joseph Beaumont,who enfranchised most of the copyholds. (fn. 40) Itwas sold by the trustees of G. F. Beaumont in1964. (fn. 41) In 1996 the lord was G. R. Horne.
Thomas Wake had a house in Wakes Colneby 1348, presumably, like its 16th-century successor, on the north bank of the Colne. By 1403the hall, chapel, and several other rooms werebeing used as barns, and glass had been removedfrom windows, including those of the oratorynear the great chamber. Other buildings, including the great solar, were leased to a tenant. (fn. 42) Thehouse was still occupied by tenants in the early16th century, but the Tiffins lived there. (fn. 43) From1708 it was leased as a farm house, and before1730 had been partly burnt down. (fn. 44) A new farm-house was built on the site in the 19th century. (fn. 45) Between 1825 and 1838 Henry Skingley built anew house on the north side of the Colchesterroad, of gault brick with a central portico and athree-storeyed tower on the east. (fn. 46) It was converted into a residential home for sufferers fromcerebral palsy in 1964. (fn. 47)
There was a park by 1325, (fn. 48) presumably northand west of the manor house where three fieldswere still called Park in 1838. (fn. 49) It seems to havebeen restored, and extended southwards acrossthe Colne, in the mid 19th century, (fn. 50) presum-ably by the first Henry Skingley.
In 1066 Alward held 68½ a. and 1 yardlandin CREPPING which in 1086 was held byRichard son of Gilbert de Clare and Modwin. (fn. 51) The overlordship descended with the honor ofClare to Gilbert de Clare, earl of Gloucester andHertford (d. 1314). (fn. 52) Roger Mortimer, earl ofMarch, was overlord at his death in 1398, (fn. 53) andthe overlordship was last recorded in 1426. (fn. 54)
Walter of Windsor held land in Creppingwhich escheated to the crown in 1186. (fn. 55) By 1195Walter of Crepping probably held the estate,later two thirds of a knight's fee in Colne andCrepping. (fn. 56) By 1209 he held a further yardlandin Crepping of Bury St. Edmund's abbey, presumably the 36-a. estate which the abbey heldin Colne in 1066 and 1086. (fn. 57) He or his predecessors had probably also acquired 94 a. in Colneand Fordham held by 5 sokemen in 1066 and byRichard de Clare in 1086. (fn. 58) Walter was succeeded before 1227 by Alan of Crepping, whoc. 1230 held land in Wakes Colne and Fordhamof Michael of Fordham. Michael granted thatestate to the Hospitallers, (fn. 59) but there is no laterevidence of the order's interest in Crepping orWakes Colne. Alan's son Walter forfeited themanor in 1266, but in 1274 and 1282 Walter'sson Hugh of Crepping was lord. (fn. 60) In 1307Hugh's son Walter granted Crepping to Henryand Margaret Bacon, but in 1324 Hugh son ofHugh Crepping conveyed the reversion toWilliam and Elizabeth Royston. (fn. 61) Hugh died in1340, and in 1342 Robert Perepoint becamelord. (fn. 62) In 1356 Peter and Elizabeth Perepointconveyed the reversion of the manor to John deVere, earl of Oxford. (fn. 63) The manor descendedwith the earldom of Oxford until the later 16thcentury. (fn. 64)
In 1548 John de Vere, earl of Oxford, granteda 60-year lease of Crepping Hall to his servantJohn Turner, (fn. 65) and in 1585 Turner's widowChristine bought the reversion. (fn. 66) She died in1605, and was succeeded by her daughterMargaret Powell, and by Margaret's son JohnSmith (both d. 1621). (fn. 67) The manor then passedto John's nephews Stephen (d. 1670) andThomas Smith (d. 1684). (fn. 68) Thomas's son,another Thomas (d. 1721) was succeeded by hisniece Mary Tendring (d. 1735) who devised themanor to her cousin Thomas Alexander (d.1747). He devised it to his nephew CharlesAlexander who died in 1775 and was followed byCharles Alexander Crickitt (d. 1803) and his wifeSarah (d. 1828). (fn. 69) Harriet Alexander Crickitt (d.1868) devised the manor to H. B. Harvey. (fn. 70) J. L.Beaumont was lord in 1943. (fn. 71) The manor wassold in 1954 by the trustees of G. F. Beaumontto H. C. Percival of Wakes Colne, and sold againc. 1984 to E. B. Joiner of California. (fn. 72)
Crepping Hall, (fn. 73) which was formerly moated,retains a substantial part of an early 14th-century aisled hall, presumably built by theCrepping family. A two-centred headed doorway in the north end of the west aisle may haveled to a stair to a first floor solar in a continuationof the hall range, perhaps the adjoining chamberwhich was damaged with the hall in 1432. (fn. 74) Thatand the service end of the house appear to havebeen rebuilt in the later 16th century, probablyby the Turners. The eastern aisle of the hallwas removed, presumably to facilitate the fenestration of an inserted first floor. Additions,including a staircase, were made to the south inthe 18th century when there was some refitting,and there was further remodelling c. 1905. (fn. 75)
Part of the Little Colne estate held of RobertMalet by Walter of Caen in 1086 (fn. 76) extended intoWakes Colne where it formed the freehold orsubmanor of Serdeleshey or LOVENEYHALL. It was held of Colne Engaine manoruntil 1556 or later. (fn. 77) By the later 12th centuryWilliam de Cheney or his successors had enfeoffed Richard Blunville, whose great nephewWilliam Blunville disputed the estate withRichard Engaine between 1199 and 1201. (fn. 78) Another William Blunville held c. 1278. (fn. 79) Byc. 1380 the estate was called Loveney Hall, pre-sumably from an owner; c. 1440 it belonged toa Culpepper. (fn. 80) About 1503 Roger Draper sold'Loveney Hall and Sherdelous' to Edward Sulyard, (fn. 81) and in 1546 Edward's son Eustace conveyed the estate, then called a manor, to WilliamSidey. Sidey at once sold part of the estate, laterGreat Loveney Hall, to John Newton, (fn. 82) and therest to John Sidey. John Sidey devised themanor to his son, another John, who sold it in1574 to John Ball (d. 1602) and his son John (d.1621). (fn. 83) They were succeeded by another JohnSidey, whose widow held in 1646 with hersecond husband Thomas Harlakenden. (fn. 84) Theestate, still called a manor in 1698 and 1711, wascalled Little Loveney Hall by 1730. (fn. 85) Itbelonged to Osgood Hanbury (d. 1784) in 1768,and presumably descended with Inglesthorpesmanor in White Colne to O. B. Hanbury (d.1890). (fn. 86) It was farmed by H. C. Crook in 1902, (fn. 87) and belonged to his family in 1996. (fn. 88)
Little Loveney Hall lies close to the edge of alarge, waterfilled moat. The house has a threeroomed plan with lobby entry, of the late 16thor early 17th century. A large service wing wasadded to the east in the 18th century.
69P.N. Essex, 5; E.R.O., D/DU 351/1A. This article waswritten in 1996; architectural descriptions were compiled orrevised by A. P. Baggs. 70O.S. Maps 6", Essex, XVII, XVIII, XXVI, XXVII(1881 edn.); E.R.O., D/CT 103; above, fig. 12. 71P.R.O., E 134/4 Chas1/East5; E.R.O., D/DGw M3,rot. 30; ibid. D/P 37/28/7-8; D/P 88/1/1; ibid. D/CT 103. 72Census, 1891; O.S. Map 6", Essex, XVII. SE., XXVI.NE. (1881 edn.). 73O.S. Map 1/10,000, TL 93 SW., TL 92 NW., TL 83SE., TL 82 NE. 74J. M. L. Booker, 'Essex Turnpike Trusts' (DurhamUniv. M. Litt. thesis, 1979), 202 and maps at end of vol. 75Axten, 'Hist. Public Transport in Colch. Area', 6-7,25, 44, 46, 51-2, 62-5, 82, 85. 76D. I. Gordon, Regional Hist. Railways of G. B. v.(Eastern Counties), 154. 77E. P. Willingham, From Construction to Destruction,3; E. Carter, Hist. Geography of Railways of Brit. Isles,140-1, 275. 78Willingham, From Construction to Destruction, 193-4. 79Inf. from East Anglian Railway Mus. 80Inf. from Owen Bedwin, E.C.C. Planning Dept., andMr. I. Stratford; cf. E.C.C., SMR 8624, 8776, 14391. 81P.N. Essex, 379, 383; C. Hart, Early Chart. Essex,pp. 11, 19, 23; Essex Tribute, ed. K. Neale, 64. 82V.C.H. Essex, i. 451, 480-1, 550, 560, 573. 83E.R.O., D/DBm M3, rott. 42, 43d. 84P.R.O., E 179/107/58. 85E.R.O., D/DBm M7, passim; D/DGw M1, rott. 4, 8,11d.-12; M2, rott. 3, 7; M3, rot. 21. 86Ibid. Q/RTh 5. 87Compton Census, ed. Whiteman, 52. 88E.R.O., D/P 88/1/1-2; D/P 88/12/1. 89Census, 1801-1901; A. F. J. Brown, Meagre Harvest,228. 90Census, 1921-1991. 91Essex Map (1777); E.R.O., D/CT 103, 103A. 92Inf. from Mr. I. Stratford. 93R.C.H.M. Essex, iii. 226; P.R.O., SC 6/839/21;E.R.O., D/DGw M2, rot. 24; D/DGw M4-5. 94E.R.O., D/DGw M4; ibid. D/ACR 11, f. 196; ibid.Q/RTh 5. 95Ibid. D/ACR 1, f. 27v. 96Ibid. D/DGw M12, f. 276v. 97E.A.T. 3rd ser. xv. 160. 98Below, plate 30. 99E.A.T. 3rd ser. xxviii. 240-3; E.R.O., D/DU 594. 1Initials and date painted on fireplace bressumer. 2Initials and date in roundel in the plaster of the westfront. 3E.R. xl. 23; Kelly's Dir. Essex (1914). 4E.R.O., D/CT 103, 103A. 5O.S. Map 1/10,000, TL 83 SE. (1977 and 1987 edns.). 6E.R.O., Q/SBa 1/37; ibid. Q/RLv 24-79; ibid. Q/SR135/4, 353/38, 371/19, 374/25, 424/23; above, Chappel,Intro. 7Ibid. D/CT 103, 103A; White's Dir. Essex (1863), 163;Kelly's Dir. Essex (1866 and later edns.); E.R.O., sale cat.B4746; ibid. D/DU 116/49; inf. from Mr. 1. Stratford. 8I. Peaty, Essex Brewers, 112. 9Geol. Survey, Water Supply of Essex (1916), 286; inf.from Mr. I. Stratford. 10Inf. from Mrs. Ida McMaster. 11E.R.O., Colch. Boro. Mun., Electricity Supply Cttee.Min. Bk. 1929-34, Annual Rep. 1933. 12Ibid. Q/RSf 10. 13Ibid. Acc. C445 (uncat.). 14Ibid. T/P 181/3/15; Kelly's Dir. Essex (1910, 1912). 15E.R.O., D/DGw M3, rott. 23, 25, 32d. 16Cal. Pat. 1381-5, 78-9. 17F. S. L. Lyons, Fall of Parnell 1890-1 (Studies inIrish Hist. 2nd ser. i), passim. 18V.C.H. Essex, i. 550; Sanders, Eng. Baronies, 43-4. 19Red Bk. Exch. (Rolls Ser.), ii. 504; Rot. Hund. (Rec.Com.), i. 140. 20Pipe R. 1174 (P.R.S. xxii), 126. 21Colne Cart. pp. 52, 90; Red Bk. Exch. (Rolls Ser.), ii.504; Complete Peerage, xii (2), 747-8. 22Cal. Inq. p.m. i, p. 255; Complete Peerage, xii (2),753-4. 23Cal. Inq. p.m. vii, p. 127; Complete Peerage, iv.197-203; v. 474-5; xii (2), 751-4. 24P.R.O., SC 6/839/20. 25Ibid. C 139/7, no. 54. 26Rot. Litt. Claus. (Rec. Com.), i. 432; Close R. 1234-7, 47. 27Cal. Inq. p.m. i, p. 187; Complete Peerage, xii (2), 300;Rot. Hund. (Rec. Com.), i. 139. 28Cal. Inq. p.m. ii, p. 262; Cal. Pat. 1292-1301, 296,303; Cal. Close, 1296-1302, 125. 29Cal. Inq. p.m. v, p. 258; ix, pp. 204, 208; xv, p. 182;Cal. Close, 1349-54, 53. 30Cal. Inq. p.m. x, pp. 45, 53; Complete Peerage, vii.148-50. 31Cal. Inq. p.m. xvi, p. 111; xvii, p. 309; Cal. Close,1396-9, 248; Complete Peerage, vii. 156. 32P.R.O., C 139/101, no. 73; Cal. Pat. 1441-6, 349;Complete Peerage, iii. 259; vii. 158-62; xii (1), 44-8; L.P. Hen. VIII, i (2), p. 1042. 33L. & P. Hen. VIII, xv, pp. 166, 346; xix (1), p. 286;P.R.O., E 318/17/828. 34Cal. Pat. 1547-8, 379; 1578-80, p. 306; E.R.O.,D/DH VI B 4. 35E.R. xxxix. 100-2; E.R.O., D/DH VI B 5, 16; D/DHtT75/1. 36E.R.O., D/DH VI B 20; D/DHt T75/4. 37Ibid. D/DHt T75/11-12; D/DGw M9; D/DPr 345;Morant, Essex, ii. 223. Above, West Bergholt, Manors. 38E.R.O., D/DGw M11, p. 105; D/DGw M12, p. 29;D/DHt T75/18. 39Ibid. D/DHt T75/18; D/DBm T5A; D/DGw M13,pp. 36, 396; D/DHw T105; ibid. D/Z 2/14/9; Gent. Mag.cxlii (1), 686. 40E.R.O., D/DB T1005; Sale Cat. 1991, in privatepossession. 41E.C.L. Chelm., sale cat., 3rd sale of Beaumont manors. 42P.R.O., C 135/97, no. 22; ibid. E 318/17/28; E.R.O.,D/DGw M1, rott. 8, 10; Essex Map (1777). 43P.R.O., REQ 2/84/34; REQ 2/92/18. 44E.R.O., D/DH VI B24-5; ibid. T/P 195/11. 45Ibid. sale cat. C626. 46Ibid. D/DE1 P55; ibid. D/CT 103; White's Dir. Essex.(1848), 145; Dept. of Env., Building List. 47Eve. Gaz. 9 May 1989. 48Cal. Pat. 1324-7, 235; below, this par., Econ. Hist. 49E.R.O., D/CT 103. 50Ibid. D/CT 71 (1840) does not show the parkextending into Chappel. 51V.C.H. Essex, i. 560, 573. 52Cal. Inq. Misc. 1219-1307, p. 206; Cal. Inq. p.m. v,p. 348. 53Cal. Inq. p.m. xvii, p. 444. 54Cal. Close, 1422-9, 248-9. 55Pipe R. 1186 (P.R.S. xxxvi), 12; Pipe R. 1189 (Rec.Com.), 21; V.C.H. Essex, vi. 9. 56Pipe R. 1195 (P.R.S. n.s. vi), 14; Feet of F. Essex, i. 24. 57Feet of F. Essex, i. 44; V.C.H. Essex, i. 451. 58V.C.H. Essex, i. 480-1. 59Feet of F. Essex, i. 81; Cart. St. John of Jerusalem, i,p. 313. 60Feet of F. Essex, i. 91, 113; Cal. Inq. Misc. 1219-1307,p. 206; Rot. Hund. (Rec. Com.), i. 139; Cal. Pat. 1281-92, 45. 61P.R.O., CP 40/164, rot. 347; Feet of F. Essex, ii. 242. 62E.R.O., D/DBm M3, rott. 22 and d., 27. 63Ibid. D/DBm T5/15; D/DPr 154; Feet of F. Essex,iii. 113. 64Cal. Close, 1409-13, 347; 1422-9, 248-9; Rot. Parl.vi. 228; E.R.O., D/DBm T5/17. 65E.R.O., D/DBm T5/23. 66P.R.O., PROB 11/61, f. 274; E.R.O., D/DBm T5/28;Feet of F. Essex, vi. 32. 67P.R.O., C 142/447, no. 9; C 142/396, no. 146; E.R.O.,D/DBm T5/31-4. 68Morant, Essex, ii. 57, 223; E.R.O., D/DBm T5/35;D/DBm T5A; D/DBm M11-12; P.R.O., C 2/Jas1/P6/25;E.R. viii. 81-2. 69E.R.O., D/DBm M13, M17-18; ibid. D/Z 2/14/9;E.R. viii. 83-4; Morant, Essex, ii. 57, 223. 70E.R.O., D/DBm T16. 71E.R. lii. 159. 72Ibid. lxiv. 9; E.C.L. Chelm., Sale Cat., BeaumontManors; ibid. Manorial Auctioneers' Partnership, Sale Cat.spring 1991, particulars of Wakes Colne manor; inf. fromMr. I. Stratford. 73Below, plate 28. 74E.R.O., D/DBm M7, rot. 5. 75Ibid. D/RLw M1/3, p. 103. 76V.C.H. Essex, i. 550. 77E.R.O., D/DC 9/7A. 78Cur. Reg. R. i. 87, 314, 367, 474, 477. 79Cal. Inq. Misc. 1219-1307, p. 334. 80E.R.O., D/DPr 5, p. 64; D/DPr 9; P.N. Essex, 383. 81E.R.O., D/DC 9/7A. 82Ibid. D/DU 351/1A; Feet of F. Essex, v. 220; vi. 167,173; P.R.O., C 3/341/33; deeds in possesion of Mr. and Mrs.D. T. Prestney. 83E.R.O., D/DU 351/1a; Feet of F. Essex, iv. 286;P.R.O., C 2/Eliz/S18/50; C 2/Jas 1/B26/60; C 3/158/15; C78/23, no. 4; cf. below, Little Horkesley, Manors. 84E.R.O., T/B 548/1. 85P.R.O., CP 25/2/829/9 Wm. III, Hil., no. 35; CP25/2/924/12 Anne, Hil., no. 8; E.R.O., T/P 195/11. 86Morant, Essex, ii. 223; E.R.O., D/CT 103A; below,White Colne, manors. 87Kelly's Dir. Essex (1902). 88It was sold in 1997 to A. Howland Jackson.


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At 23h05, Saturday, 01 June, NSRI Simon's Town were alerted by WC Government Health EMS metro control following eye-witness reports of a red distress flare sighted in False Bay.
NSRI Simon's Town, NSRI Strandfontein and NSRI Gordons Bay coast watchers were activated to look-out over False Bay and NSRI duty crews from all 3 sea rescue stations were placed on alert.
The eye-witnesses, hiking on Constantiaberg, indicated seeing the red distress flare appearing to be off-shore of Muizenberg vicinity.
Transnet National Ports Authority and MRCC (Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre) were alerted and by midnight no additional eye-witness reports were received and with no further sightings and with no reports of any persons at sea reported to be missing or overdue it remains unknown the reason for the red distress flare activation.
The matter was monitored through the night but with no further sightings reported and with no persons at sea reported missing or overdue we suspect this to have been a false alarm.
The eye-witnesses who remained at the same place continuing to observe for further flares until released to continue on their hike are commended for their assistance.


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Good news on the emissions front. Or should I say on the front emissions?
A couple of years ago, a study conducted in India found that increased consumption of fizzy drinks was associated with an increase in "gullet" cancer -- which I assume is Brit-speak for the esophagus. Why? A British researcher remarked: "Carbonated drinks cause burping and some reflux. These drinks are also acidic and will bathe the lining of the oesophagus as they are swallowed."
Yesterday, however, the Washington Post, which I want you to know is absolutely the highest medical authority in the world, noted (second item) that Dutch researchers had made the following finding: "Burping does not raise your risk of cancer." (That sentence, by the way, is possibly the most wonderful sentence I've ever read in the Post.)
What I don't understand about the Dutch study is the researchers' methods. The Post says: "To provoke belching, Dutch researchers infused air into the stomachs of 12 healthy individuals and 12 who had GERD [gastroesaphogeal reflux disease]." What a wasted effort! They could have done the study with much greater ease had they simply used teenaged boys, who don't need any artificial infusion of air.
September 20, 2006
Good news on the emissions front
Good news on the emissions front. Or should I say on the front emissions?
Posted by Attila at 7:50 PM


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Hi everyone. This is my last update from Leipzig and a more general impression of the show. Nintendo's showfloor booth was stylishly designed, featured cool shows and seemed to generate some hype for the DS. Sony's booth was much larger and featured more loungy areas, but also appeared a little empty at times because of it. At either booth, next-gen consoles played little to no role. Only trailers were shown.
Inside the Business Center, which was accessible to media, trade and industry professionals only, the Wii was the clear winner. People waited for about half an hour to play it. Among the playable titles were Battalion Wars, Wii Sports: Tennis and WarioWare. There was no Metroid Prime 3 and no third party titles. Some third party developers had Wii consoles, but there was some confusion as to whether filming was allowed.
All Wii displays featured finished hardware. At Konami's booth, I lifted a running console out of its stand and was told off by a rep immediately. It felt surprisingly light, much lighter than, say, two kilos. When I wanted to open the front flap, I was asked not to. They allowed me to open the flap housing the Gamecube controller ports, though.
Finally, the most sought after goodie of the show were the sleek Wii bags Nintendo was handing out. When they ran out of them on the third day, they put up notices to stop every other person asking.
However, even if Wii had had a less strong showing, it would have "won", if you will. The PS3 was officially not present at all. Sony offered the trade or media professionals no playable games. Some second and third parties had development kits, though (which are significantly smaller now, about the size of a very large DVD player, only almost a metre deep).
Sony proudly showed off the very first fully functional console. It remained switched off, but appeared to be the real thing, weighed 5 kilos (according to Sony reps, they wouldn't let anyone else handle it) and featured an internal power adaptor. No external brick. That may be an advantage for consumers, but also means that the consoles will have to be manufactured specfically for each country (for every type of power plug, anyway).
I spoke to quite a number of people from Sony Computer Entertainment Germany and they all seemed genuinely confident about PS3. General interest media, though, were pretty much forced to report about Wii because of the lack of PS3 consoles. I was surprised to find that even our affiliate station featured Wii (they had previously overlooked Nintendo if they ever reported about home consoles).
Lastly, I want to respond to your questions about the Nintendo event scheduled for the 14th. I have not been told about it or were alerted to any similar event to take place in Europe. It's very unlikely I will be invited to the US event. As I posted in my first update, a reliable source told me that news would come very soon, though. Rather cryptically, I was also told that especially I would find out when something is about to happen. That may have been hinting at some cooperation with a television station, perhaps similar to the Xbox360's unveiling on MTV.


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Philadelphia Insurance Company
In business since 1962, the Philadelphia Insurance Company is a nationally recognized insurance niche underwriter. They carry a great number of insurance products such as commercial property/casualty, management & professional liability along with two distinct personal lines of insurance. Their policies are competitively priced and available through regional offices nationwide.
Commercial Property/Casualty Lines
There are a number of 'package programs' available through the Philadelphia Insurance Company for any type of business from a daycare center to a multilevel corporation. Such products as special property and inland marine insurance, commercial automobile insurance, environmental impairment liability insurance, fitness and wellness liability insurance and flood insurance are underwritten by the company. Because of the great number of specialty insurance products available, Philadelphia Insurance Company is known as 'the' premier niche underwriter in the country. Brochures are available online that detail each of those products for a better understanding of just how comprehensive these policies are.
Management & Professional Liability
In today's world it seems as though every day we are hearing of multimillion dollar lawsuits against business and medical professionals. To guard against this type of suit and the financial losses which could be incurred, the Philadelphia Insurance Company underwrites a great number of management and professional liability insurance policies. These insurance products include such policies as Accountants Professional Liability, Allied Health Professional Liability, Crime Protection Plus, Excess Liability, Mental Health Counselors and Employment Practices which is a standalone policy. From there the list goes on and on. Again, as the premier niche underwriter in the United States, almost any profession imaginable can find liability insurance through the Philadelphia Insurance Company.
Personal Lines
Philadelphia has two major niche insurance lines which are antique/collector car insurance and flood insurance which is available for personal or commercial property. The antique car insurance has benefits that include an agreed value coverage, high liability limits and no mileage limitations which sets this policy apart from most of the competition. Flood insurance, being available for both residential and commercial properties includes such products as a specialized condominium association insurance program, contents only flood insurance for renters, and coverage that can be underwritten for literally every flood zone. One of the best aspects is that premiums can be as low as $39 per month.
How to Purchase Philadelphia Insurance
If you are interested in any one of the insurance products provided by the Philadelphia Insurance Company, it is possible to get a quote online as well as from one of the regional offices that are strategically located throughout the United States. Also, products are available through online and local insurance brokers and agents. To learn more about the products or to get a quote, contact either the company itself or one of the thousands of brokers/agents who are licensed to carry Philadelphia's insurance products.
When purchasing insurance, especially liability and casualty insurance, you want a company that has built a name in the industry for having financial stability and the highest standard of ethics. Philadelphia Insurance Company meets those requirements and so much more. They are ranked high with A.M. Best (A+), Standard and Poor's (AA-), Wards (Top 50 Benchmark) and with Forbes as one of the 400 Best Big Companies in America. Insurance is meant to provide peace of mind against the potential for loss so you want to know that you are dealing with an insurance company that can provide that for you. Based on such high rankings across the board, Philadelphia Insurance Company is a name you can trust.


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- Home
- Rusty Barn Quilts
Rusty Barn Quilts
Metal barn quilts with a vintage, rusty finish. PLEASE NOTE: We are out of many of the patterns at this time and will not be producing new rusty barn quilts until Mid-March. The cold weather in our area makes it hard to get a nice rusty patina on the metal, so we stop making them in the Winter.


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I have this ongoing thing where the web client and the donor stats report different points which have been out of sync for 2 months now.
eg, web client is showing 121,672,506 points
donor stats shows 123,406,273 points
I uninstalled F@H and data, then reinstalled F@H. No luck. Also, there was a DNS clear/reset thingy that I thought may be related but still did not resolve the problem. I'm clearly missing something obvious.
Can you help?


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This post was excerpted from an article written by Maria Janowiak and repurposed with permission from Greatist.
Tip: Your fridge isn't just a closet for food—it's a high-tech device that helps you store all of your favorite snacks, condiments, and meal-fixins in optimal conditions. Not only do refrigerators have different compartments that serve different purposes, they also have different temperature zones.
You can store a surprising number of other foods in the freezer for later use, such as tortillas, pasta sauce, and even eggs. (Note: You can freeze bread for up to three months, but don't store it in the fridge or it'll dry out.) The trick with freezers is to pack foods tightly in their containers and keep things well organized, since this optimizes storage and also saves energy. Freeze foods in stackable plastic containers or in plastic freezer bags laid flat.
Doors are the warmest part of the fridge and should be reserved for foods that are most resistant to spoiling. Keep condiments, juices, and other foods that can stand up to temperature fluctuations here.
Upper Shelves
One pro strategy from restaurant kitchens is to place foods that don't need to be cooked near the top of the fridge. This includes leftovers, drinks, and ready-to-eat foods like tortillas, hummus, and deli meats.
Lower Shelves
Because cold air is heavier the lower shelves are your best bet for raw meat, eggs, seafood, and other dairy to be stored at the coldest temperatures. To prevent raw meat's bacteria from spreading to other areas, assign a particular section of the fridge as your meat locker.
Overall: Don't crowd your shelves too much. Unlike the freezer, the fridge shouldn't be totally packed. Cold air needs to flow here, and if it can't, you'll get inconsistent temps with pockets of heat and warmth.
Crisper Drawers
The purpose of crisper drawers is to maintain moist conditions that help preserve fruits and vegetables. But don't make the mistake of jumbling all your produce together in a fruit and veg free-for-all. Many fruits, including apples, peaches, plums, pears, and cantaloupes, produce ethylene, a chemical that helps them to ripen. Unfortunately the ethylene produced can also promote ripening in other plants, causing vegetables to go yellow, limp, or even sprout. For this reason, keep veggies in one drawer and fruits in another.
On Top of the Fridge
If you've been using the top of your fridge like a food attic, stacking bottles of Merlot or loaves of bread up there, stop. (Heat rises from the fridge's condenser.) Result: It gets pretty warm up top. Heat is Kryptonite to wine. And it'll make bread mold faster. The best use of this space? Store appliances or supplies like paper towels or a stack of cookbooks.
To Fridge or Not to Fridge?
One of the tougher questions is figuring out if something goes in the fridge in the first place. Certain foods don't belong in the fridge. Tomatoes will turn mealy and odorless in the fridge—keep them comfy at room temperature. Onions, squash, and potatoes do best in a cooler environment with low moisture, so store them in a dark cupboard or other place outside of the fridge. Avocados and many fruits are just fine being left on the counter to ripen, but also can go in the fridge to slow the process down if needed. Herbs can be kept in the fridge or in a vase on the countertop if they'll be used with a few days.
With a fridge organized for maximal accessibility and food freshness, you'll be inspired to reach in for ingredients to make healthy meals.


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Since I have just cancelled it, will I be given a refund ?
OR will I be able to use videoscribe THIS MONTH ?The way I see it, if the cancel will happen for this month, then I want a refund.If not, then I want to use it for this month.
Please, I answer back as soon as possible.
You won't be given a refund if you cancel your subscription - you are cancelling the automatic renewal for the next month. You can use the software up until the date that the next payment would have been due.
In this case, thank you very much for the reply.I am more than happy to use it for another month but I really want to make the renewal myself whenever I want to.Bye Matthew!


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PO PO was once a trio of Pakistani brothers from Philly who recalled "the Germs or Black Lips or various strains of garage punk" on first blush, long ago at Bowery, opening for Wavves and Real Estate. Over the ensuing three years, PO PO has decrementally pared its roster while inversely expanding its palette. Two summers ago they did Glasslands as just a duo of brothers and not a trace of guitar, let alone garage, setting up behind tables of samplers and computers to play modally tinged synth tracks that sat like soundtracks to films alternately heroic and wicked. Now PO PO distils that spectrum of signifiers through its lone remaining member, Zeb Malik, on a long-awaited album, out this week on Mad Decent, called Dope Boy Magick.
It is not your standard Mad Decent fare — it's a rock-minded genre outlier a la, say, Bosco Del Rey — and it'd be an A&R direction worth pursuing more consistently if there were more projects that could so organically synthesize that spread of references, and culturally rich melodic head nods, without sounding a mess. There are specific points of entry to suit your preference: For the garage, try "Knife Iz Young"; heroic synth-pop comes via "Let's Get Away," and its perverse counterpart is titled "Teen Dreamz" (both of which PO PO paired in the Stockholm-syndrome/stalker steez of this mandatory video). There's triumphant arena grunge on "Final Fight," steaming hissy scuzz-pop on "Bummer Summer," and every turn is steeped in subcontinental raga that's fluid and deep in its DNA. (The genetic matter, not the band, though, Arto Lindsay wouldn't be mad at some of these guitar sounds). The album's all over the place but the focal point is fixed squarely on Malik, who looms large, and makes Dope Boy Magick worth your time to stream it freely in full. If you'd like to own it, visit Mad Decent to purchase, and get started with an MP3 of "Let's Get Away" (and it's Diplo remix) here:
PO PO – "Let's Get Away"
And here's Diplo's take on the track:


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Simon Burt are a dynamic, multiple award winning, independent estate agency, specializing in residential property sales, based in Solihull Town Centre and operating from historic 'Malvern House' – a delightful, floodlit, Grade 2 listed building situated on New Road.
Their unique, contemporary branding is strongly associated with excellence in customer service and their passion for the industry has filtered through to all of their highly motivated staff.
Monday - Friday:
08:00 - 20:00
09:00 - 17:00
10:00 - 16:00
Malvern House, New Road, Solihull, B91 3DL


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County to hire animal control officer
(Local News ~ 04/23/04)
Bedford County Board of Commissioners' law enforcement and workhouse committee, in a special called meeting on Thursday, authorized County Mayor Jimmy Woodson to proceed with hiring an animal control officer. The committee discussed rules and policies for the new animal control program, but decided to wait until an officer has been hired before setting any policies in stone...
New taser gun used on suspect
(Local News ~ 04/23/04)
Shelbyville police were forced to use one of their newly-acquired taser guns -- twice -- on a man who allegedly struggled with arresting officers Thursday night. Officers said they found Norman Ronald Taylor, 49, Cannon Boulevard, walking in a traffic lane on North Main Street...
E-911 budget request approved
(Local News ~ 04/23/04)
Bedford County Emergency Communications District (E-911) Board of Directors approved its county-funded budget request Wednesday -- somewhat after the fact, since the request was already turned in to the county earlier this month -- but deferred action on the surcharge-funded portion of its budget...
Gunn signs tennis scholarship
(High School Sports ~ 04/23/04)
Ever since she was a little girl Mary Beth Gunn has been drawn to tennis -- and now, in her senior year at Shelbyville Central High School, her passion for the game has paid off with a tennis scholarship to the University of Tennessee-Martin. Gunn helped lead her team to last year's district championship win after a long drought for the Eaglette women. She has also been as far as the regionals in doubles play for the past two years...
Eagles splash to soccer victory
(High School Sports ~ 04/23/04)
Playing through some adverse weather and a physically rough match, victory tasted sweet for the Shelbyville Golden Eagles Thursday when they traveled to and beat District 8-AAA rival Lawrence County 4-0. "We did well after having kind of a slow start," said coach Neal Gordon...
Cascade takes road district win
(High School Sports ~ 04/23/04)
A win on the road is always nice but a big district win away from home is even more special. Just ask Cascade's Champions after a 8-3 victory over host Forrest in a District 7A/AA soccer match Thursday evening. With three district matches left on the schedule, the Champions, 6-1-1 overall, remain undefeated and atop the district standings with an impressive 4-0-1 mark...
Champs rally in 8th for victory
(High School Sports ~ 04/23/04)
Cascade's Champions rallied for four runs in the bottom of the eighth inning in a come-from-behind victory over Marion County in the Rebel Classic played Thursday at Tomahawk Stadium. Trailing 6-4 going into the bottom of the seventh frame, Cascade pushed across a pair of runs to knot the score at 6-6 and send the game into extra innings. ...
Feet win at St. Andrews-Sewanee
(High School Sports ~ 04/23/04)
The Webb School's Feet (3-7) traveled to St. Andrews-Sewanee Thursday, routing the hosts 9-4. SAS led 4-2 until the top of the sixth when Webb pushed across seven runs to take a 9-4 lead, then held on through the seventh and final inning. Adam Fleischer pitched the entire game for Webb. He gave up four earned runs off four hits while striking out seven batters. Behind Fleischer the field played a flawless game recording zero errors...
SCHS takes more tennis wins
(High School Sports ~ 04/23/04)
Both Shelbyville tennis teams kept their undefeated records intact in rain-shortened action Thursday. Zach King, William Feldhaus, John Feldhaus and Andrew Feldhaus won and Ross Beavers lost as the Eagles completed five singles matches. Those were enough for the contest to be considered a 4-1 win despite cancellation of doubles matches...
Stories from Friday, April 23, 2004
Browse other days


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gift vouchers
Treat your 'someone special' to a gift card that can be used to personalise their stay, or day, at Homefield Grange.
The perfect way to spoil family or friends as a birthday present, a 'thank you,' anniversary, or just to say how much you love them.
We'll be happy to help you between 9am to 5pm daily, on 01536 712219.


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Upcoming Public Event: "AAUP Shared Governance Success Stories"
Friday, March 8, 1-3 p.m. Virja Hall, Paramita Campus, Naropa University, Boulder, Colorado. Street Address 3285 30th St., Boulder, CO 80301 (just south of Iris and The Cork restaurant).
Speaker: Donna L. Potts, professor of English at Kansas State University, and the chair of the Assembly of State Conferences for the AAUP. As chair of ASC, Dr. Potts has traveled to over twenty states, speaking on university campuses about the AAUP's central concerns: academic freedom, shared governance, and tenure. Dr. Potts was also a member of the subcommittee on sexual assault on campus, which recently wrote a statement on the issue. She has published on topics such as sexual assault, collaborative budgeting, shared governance, and, most recently, Service to the Academic Profession (Academe, Fall 2012). Refreshments will be served, courtesy of the Colorado Conference.


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Do you think Mark Sommer even waited for the conference to happen to declare it a success? Or did he write the article weeks ago and just held off on plugging in quotes?
I tease, but only a little. By all accounts, pre-ordained or not, last week's National Preservation Conference here in Buffalo was a great event that met its key objective: impress lovers of architecture who are in a position to influence other lovers of architecture. This makes me genuinely happy. I have heard about this conference nearly continuously since I moved back a couple years ago, and I hope it was everything its organizers wanted it to be.
But our community's collective multi-year focus on the economic potential and saving grace of one conference still unsettles me. I find myself in the odd position of agreeing with Colin Dabkowski, the outspoken arts columnist at the Buffalo News. Dabkowski and I rarely see eye to eye – ten days ago he did all but declare the future of the local arts scene contingent upon this November's County Executive race. (If our culturals are truly in existential jeopardy from a $500K cut and change in funding priority, then they can't be near as robust as we're led to believe. And while we're at it, why only bash the county when the city is running a surplus too and has zero arts funding mechanism? But I digress.)
And yet, despite these past differences, Dabkowski hits the nail on the head in his latest column in this Sunday's paper. Venting a bit of frustration that the current arts scene "floated under the radar" among conference attendees, he notes that without "Buffalo's active culture" (emphasis his), then "our storied edifices would serve merely as pretty headstones." Or to put it another way, we should invest "not only in what makes our city look good, but in what makes it breathe."
Dabkowski is an advocate for the arts, so he is standing up for the theaters, small galleries, and indie performers. But any active current culture could substitute – sports, business, entrepreneurial, outdoor, foodie – and his point would remain. I have argued for a while that what happens inside the buildings is at least as important as the buildings themselves, and it's this matter of emphasis, brick vs blood, that has lain as a subtext of many Buffalo debates the last ten years.
Ironically, some architecture buffs agree – the pulled out, bolded quote from Sommer's piece was from conference attendee Denis Superczynski, city planner from Frederick, Maryland: "I've lived in a lot of cities in the United States, and Buffalo is a special place. And it's because of the people." A throw away compliment is nice, but this wasn't the National Trust for Special People coming to visit, and the Buffalo boosters aren't selling cultural tourists on the opportunity to see a bunch of nice folks. The point is the pretty edifices, and Dabkowski is right to note that we should focus on what being is created here now, not just what is left for us as a legacy to enjoy.
Dabkowski has an uphill battle, however, as do all not firmly (solely?) on the architecture bandwagon. In Sommer's article, conference attendees noted that cab drivers and wait staff at local restaurants gave impromptu tours and history lessons. When did we become such an architecture-phile city that such a thing is possible? In stereotypical New York and LA, every waiter and waitress is an out of work actor looking for their next big break. Is Buffalo now a city of cornice buffs, where our equivalents are docents in waiting?
City's have distinctive flavors and cultures, even our over-homogenized America, and I find watching Buffalo transform itself an endlessly fascinating exercise. It's messy, it's argumentative, and the process is without rules, standards or easily identifiable goal posts; perhaps a reason this conference, as a distinct measurable event, drew so much interest. How do you remake a city? Who gets to decide what a city becomes? Pittsburgh is regularly lauded for transforming from a steel town into the first Eds & Meds Rust Belt success. Who got to decide Pittsburgh was throwing in with its hospitals and universities, and not another industry? Who sets the agenda?
Buffalo certainly used to be a hard working manufacturing mecca, and we still do make a lot of stuff. But white collar jobs have out numbered blue collar ones around here for quite a while, and that self-image is hard to shake. As we wallow in past identities, former glories, and a wishy washy future, how did architecture stick all the way down to our cab drivers? There have been other efforts, other successes, that could have captured our imaginations. Dabkowski wants Buffalo to be known as a Rust Belt-chic funky arts town. We have our own constantly under-appreciated Eds & Meds effort, one that has generated far more economic development than architectural tourism, but is largely overlooked in plain sight. Newell Nussbaumer has tried to get the College Town label to stick on Buffalo, but some student housing ventures failed to take off, his estudentnetwork.com site morphed into Navigetter, and no matter how correct the statistics (70K+ total students), unfortunately the vibe never resonated.
A place as large as New York City can afford to claim a number of identities: cultural capital, Wall Street, immigrant melting pot of opportunity. A provincial city like Buffalo doesn't have the resources to invest in a number of images. There is a finite supply of capital, our best and brightest only have so many hours in a day, and our collective imaginations have a short attenti0n span. If Architectural Queen is what we're going with, there won't be lot of room for other nuances. If tourists are going to come see our crumbling castles (read: grain elevators), then it's good our cab drivers have been studying up.
Ultimately, given a certain level of economic freedom to be mobile, each individual needs to decide what kind of city they want to live in. Buffalo is becoming an architectural destination. Renovations and restorations are going to (have been, continue to) divert political and economic oxygen from other projects and initiatives. No matter the personal reality you create – your family, your house, your job, mite hockey games on the weekends and a show at Shea's when "Wicked" comes to town – the public discourse in the Third Room is increasingly about architecture. If an entrepreneurial spirit and access to venture capital is most important to you, I am sorry to say Buffalo is not trying to transform into Silicon Valley. I wish we had a broader outdoor culture, we are making real important gains, and I try to do my small part to encourage it, but Buffalo's isn't becoming Boulder or Santa Fe any time soon. If you love progressive politics and electoral reform, may I introduce you to Seattle. The bike rack bound for Portland is on your left.
Buffalo is morphing before our eyes, and while the messy sausage making in the middle is not complete, it is becoming clear to me that our community is on board with the final destination.


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Short On Room But Big On Style? Here Are Some Great Options For Small Spaces
What do you do when you love good looking furniture and design but reside in a 400 square foot apartment? The following products are a few examples of ways to make the most of your small space without sacrificing design.
The WallFlower Wall Office
The Wallflower Wall office by Jonas & Jonas has a scratch- and shock-resistant body of made of laminate (HPL: high pressure laminate) and allows for any kind of strain. Wall office offers room for folders, books, writing,phone and lamp. WALLFLOWER Walloffice is available in widths of 1100 mm and 960 mm.
Jonas & Jonas
The Corner Flame
Made by Radius Design, it is a wall mountable fireplace that doesn't use wood, burns cleanly, appears to be floating and takes up minimal space while giving you maximum warmth. Available in multiple finishes.
Radius Design
The Square Sleeper Chair
Buy it here
The Corner lamp
This is such a bright idea (pardon the pun) that I'm amazed I didn't see it long ago. Created by Design House Stockholm, designed by Roberto Cardenas. Made of pergament plastic lamp shade & steel pole. measures 66" tall
Design House Stockholm
Got a bathroom the size of a closet?
Then maybe the Ego Tower by Aquaware is just the thing for you. It's got the mirror, sink, towel rack, shelf drawer and light all in one:
Shown above in both oak and in wengé wood. Learn more here.
Flat Life by Finn Magee
"Flat Time" and "Flat Light" are posters with photographs of a clock and a lamp that have a built in LED light and 7 digit LED readout, so rather than take up space on a surface, your clock and desk lamp are wall mounted!
Learn more about Flat Life here.