text:
Memtest86+ FAQ v1.21
By R.R. van der Vossen (Wichetael)
Latest update 2007-02-28
- What is memtest86+, what do I use it for? [revised]
- My question isn't answered in this FAQ, what do I do? [revised]
Running memtest
- How do I get it to run? [revised]
- I want to use memtest on a multiboot CD, how do I do this? [revised]
Using memtest
- How long does memtest run? How do I stop it?
- Which memory is tested?
- Can I print an error report, or write it to a file? [revised]
About the errors reported
- How many errors are acceptable?
- What do I do when I get errors? [revised]
- I'm getting errors in test #x, what doest that mean?
- I'm getting errors in test #5 and/or #8 and have read a lot about it.
- I'm getting errors in memtest on one machine, but not when I put the same
memory in another, what does that mean?
- I'm getting errors with memtest, but not in some other memory test or
vice versa.
- If memtest86+ shows no errors does that mean my memory is not defective?
- What is elimination of factors? [new]
Problems starting memtest
- When I run install.bat it doesn't write anything to floppy.
- When I boot memtest86+ all I get is a never ending string of numbers.
- When I boot memtest86+ all I get is a DOS prompt. [new]
Problems running memtest
- When I select BIOS-ALL I get many errors or my machine crashes.
- Memtest freezes or my system crashes/reboots.
- My chipset is not recognised or the timing info is not shown. [revised]
- I have more memory than memtest is reporting.
- Why are the speeds incorrectly reported?
Questioned mark with [new] or [revised] are new or revised since v1.11, this
does not include small fixes and semantical clarifications.
- What is memtest86+, what do I use it for?
Memtest86+ is a utility designed to test whether your memory is in working
order. It repeatedly writes an enormous amount of different patterns to all
memory locations and reads them back again and verifies whether the result
of the read is the same as what was written to memory.
There can be a multitude of reasons for running memtest, but foremost of
all is of course to test whether your memory modules might be bad. Whenever
you suspect your modules to be bad because of system crashes, lockups or
reboots it would be nice to know whether the modules are in working order.
Memtest86+ is a utility which tries to answer that question for you.
Another common use exists in the overclocking scene. When overclocking a
system you are essentially pushing your system to the limits and at some
point it will simply give way and break. Unfortunately there isn't a clear
cut way of deciding whether a system is still working correctly. Because of
the complexity of a computer, a system which is pushed to the limits doesn't
just break completely when it starts to fail, instead little errors start
showing up in many different places in the system growing more frequent and
widespread the more the system is pushed. Each one of these little errors
can lead to a crash of your system but can also go unnoticed for days or
weeks in a running system. The art so to speak of overclocking is thus to
push the system as far as it can go without introducing any such errors. As
memory is usually one of the first places that such errors start coming up
a memory test is very useful.
Do note however that memtest86+ is NOT a diagnostic utility, memtest cannot
tell you what in your system is defective if anything. Memtest is a tool to
quickly asertain whether a particular system has a correctly functioning
memory subsystem. You need good old logic to determine the cause of any
errors reported by memtest through elimination of factors.
- My question isn't answered in this FAQ, what do I do?
Firstly check out the FAQ which is posted on the memtest86+ official forum
over at http://forum.memtest.org/. The latest version of the FAQ is always
posted there.
If you have any further questions about memtest, feel free to post them at
the memtest86+ official forum over at http://forum.memtest.org/. Bear in
mind though that this forum is only for questions or remarks regarding
memtest86+, i.e. reporting bugs, suggesting improvements for memtest,
posting cpu-z dumps of unrecognised chipsets and asking for help in using
The forum is not for asking help on your fixing your computer problems, in
particular the memtest86+ forum is not a general tech support forum. Many
such fora exist on the internet however, so please take any such
questions/discussions to an appropriate forum. In particular, as is detailed
in this FAQ, we simply can not help you interpret the results of memtest.
Please do not post threads on the forum with questions already answered in
this FAQ or requests for help in solving a hardware issue or interpretation
of memtest results. Any such threads will be removed.
Remember, memtest can not tell you which component is defective or which
setting is incorrect. Memtest can tell you, however, whether your memory
subsystem is working correctly. Using memtest as a tool you will have to
locate the problem yourself through elimination of factors.
Running Memtest
- How do I get it to run?
There are several ways to use memtest, which are described below:
* Run from floppydisk
Memtest86+ is directly executable by any modern x86 compatible machine,
by writing the bootable binary to a floppy disk one can boot from the
disk to run memtest.
Simply download the appropriate package, the Pre-Compiled Bootable Binary
(.gz) package for Linux users and the Pre-Compiled package for Floppy
(DOS - Win) for Windows users.
For Windows, unzip the package into a directory like C:\memtest, insert a
blank floppy into your a: disk drive and run the install.bat file. As the
install prompts you, to use memtest directly, leave the disk in the drive
and reboot your machine.
For unix, unpack the package into your home directory, insert a blank
floppy into your floppy drive and execute 'dd if=~/memtest+-1.xx.bin
of=/dev/fd0 conv=osync' replacing 1.xx with the correct version number of
the memtest86+ you downloaded. To run memtest immediately reboot your
machine. If you run linux you need to specify 'conv=sync' instead of
'conv=osync' which is used on BSD unices.
Your machine should now boot from the disk, display the word Loading
folowed by a series of periods and then show a screen much like the
screenshots on the memtest86+ web page. The test is automatically
If your machine simply boots back into Windows/Linux you will most likely
have to configure your BIOS to attempt to boot from floppy disk on
startup, refer to your computer's/mainboard's manual how to do this.
When you are done testing simply remove the floppy and reset your
computer, if ever you want to execure the test again simply reinsert the
disk and reboot/start your computer.
* Run from CD
Memtest86+ is directly executable by any modern x86 compatible machine,
by writing the iso to a CD one can boot from the CD to run memtest.
Simply download the appropriate package, the Download - Pre-Compiled
Bootable ISO (.gz) for Linux users and the Pre-Compiled Bootable ISO
(.zip) for Windows users.
For Windows, unzip the package into a directory like C:\memtest. You will
now see a file called memtest86+-1.xx.iso in this directory. You will
need to burn this file to a CD with a CD recording program. Do note
however that you should not make a regular data CD on which you for
instance write your text documents and holiday photographs. Instead the
iso file is a so called image of a CD, it is a direct copy of a CD. Your
CD recording program will most likely have a feature called burn image or
something to that effect which you should use to burn the CD. Do NOT under
any circumstances select to create a bootable CD. The memtest ISO image is
already bootable. You need NOT create a new CD, you need to burn a CD
image. Usually you can simply double click the iso file in the Windows
explorer which will start your CD burning application and prompt you to
burn the CD.
For unix, unzip the package into your home directory. and execute
'cdrecord dev=<your burner> ~/memtest86+-1.xx.iso' where you replace
<your burner> with the scsi address of your CD burner and replace 1.xx
with the correct version number of the memtest86+ you downloaded.
When the burning is completed your drive will most likely have ejected the
CD and you should have a bootable memtest86+ CD. To run the test directly
reinsert the CD and reboot your machine.
Your machine should now boot from the CD, display the word Loading
folowed by a series of periods and then show a screen much like the
screenshots on the memtest86+ web page. The test is automatically
If your machine simply boots back into Windows/Linux you will most likely
have to configure your BIOS to attempt to boot from CD-ROM drive on
startup, refer to your computer's/mainboard's manual how to do this.
When you are done testing simply remove the CD and reset your computer,
if ever you want to execute the test again simply reinsert the CD and
reboot/start your computer.
* Run from USB Flash drive
* Run from boot manager
In grub you can simply add an entry like the following;
title Memtest86+
kernel /boot/memtest86+.bin
You would of course need to copy the memtest86+-1.xx.bin file from the
distribution to /boot/memtest86+.bin.
Note that on some computers this does not work and results in an "Error
28: Selected item cannot fit into memory" reported by grub. The problem
here is that memtest86+ uses the legacy linux loading mechanism which
expects to be loaded at 0x9A000 in memory. On some systems the BIOS uses a
part of the memory closely after this address and correctly reserves it in
the e820 memory map. Grub will then fail to load memtes86+ over this
reserved memory area, which is the correct behaviour. For now there is no
way to circumvent this. The memtes86+ loader should be rewritten to use a
newer loading mechanism, but this will be quite a big task. It is unclear
when this will be realised.
- I want to use memtest on a multiboot CD, how do I do this?
This is of course very dependent on which boot loader you use for your CD.
Below is a description of how to set up a multiboot CD including memtest86+
with isolinux and Bootable CD Wizard, if you have experience with any other
bootloader(s) please consider writing a small description of using memtest
with that bootloader for the FAQ.
* Isolinux
For general instructions on how to make a bootable CD with isolinux see
the syslinux website and the manual. What you need to do to get memtest
working is as follows.
Download the Pre-Compiled Bootable Binary, the .gz if you are working
under unix, the .zip if you are working under Windows. Unpack the file
from the package and rename it to an 8.3 filename with an extension other
than .bin, renaming to 'memtest' (without an extension) is a good choice.
Put the file somewhere in your CD directory structure, for example in
images/memtest and edit your config file to include the following:
label memtest
kernel /images/memtest
If you want to boot memtest automatically insert or change a line at the
top to:
default memtest
If you want to display a prompt from which you can start memtest add or
change the lines at the top to: (Change the timeout to suit your needs)
prompt 1
timeout 200
* Bootable CD Wizard
For Windows, open the memtest binary with a hex editor and pad the file
with zeros to 360KB (368640 Bytes).
For linux you can execute the following command to accomplish the same,
replace 1.xx with the correct version number of the memtest you
dd if=memtest86+-1.xx.bin of=memtest.img bs=360k count=1 conv=sync
On a BSD system you would need to use 'conv=osync' instead.
You now have a 360KB floppy image which you can use with Bootable CD
Wizard, please see the appropriate documentation on how to boot the
floppy image with Bootable CD Wizard.
Using Memtest
- How long does memtest run? How do I stop it?
Memtest runs indefinately unless you stop it. It does however repeat the
same tests over and over again. Memtest86+ contains a number of different
tests which each take different approaches in trying to expose any errors
in your memory. In the top right of your screen you can see the progress of
each test in the lower of the two progress bars. The topmost progress bar
shows the progress of a pass, each pass consists of all the tests in the
memtest suite.
Thus all tests are executed in one pass, so does that mean that no errors
will show after the first pass if that pass didn't reveal any errors? Well
no, there are several reasons why errors might only show up after a number
of passes. Firstly as of this writing, the latest version of memtest also
includes a test which uses random test patterns, each pass these patterns
will of course be different. Secondly some types of errors simply don't show
up until the system has been running for a while or are very critical on a
certain timing condition, are thermal in nature, or other such conditions.
To conclude, one successful pass of memtest will give you a pretty good
idea that your memory is ok, only in rare cases will there be errors
showing after the first pass. To be sure though simply have the test run
overnight or even for a couple of days depending on the level of importance
of the system.
- Which memory is tested?
As much as possible of the system memory is tested. Unfortunately memtest86+
can usually not test all of the memory. The reason for this is that todays
processors and BIOSes have become so complex that they require a small
amount of memory to keep accounting data of the processor and BIOS state
respectively. If memtest were to write over these areas the state of the
processor or BIOS becomes invalid and it's behaviour unpredictable. Alas it
is also impossible to relocate these areas in the memory.
This means that a small area of your memory can not be tested by memtest.
If this part of the memory is defective you will know soon enough though as
the processor, parts of the processor or the BIOS simply won't work
correctly if this part of your memory is defective. Do realise though that
in very rare cases memtest will show no errors even though the module is
defective, not because memtest can't detect the error, but because memtest
can't test the area the error is located in.
- Can I print an error report, or write it to a file?
No, printing an error report is not possible, nor is it possible to write
such a report to a file on disk. The reason for this is that it is far from
trivial to implement such a feature. Printing a report presents a big
problem, as nowadays just about any printer is USB driven. Adding support
for this would require a very large addition to the memtest code. Writing a
report to the floppy disk represents an equally large problem. The memtest
floppy is not a DOS floppy, so it would require a major addition to the
source base in order to support this. Any major addition to the code is a
bad idea as it introduces new possibilities for bugs in the code, so for any
such addition the advantages have to outweigh this major disadvantage. In
the case of this feature this is certainly not the case.
Though besides all this there is a much better reason that this feature is
not available, which is the simple fact that any such report is completely
useless, it proves or disproves nothing. Firstly any such report could of
course be faked, but far more importantly memtest can not tell you which
part, if any is defective. It can only tell you whether your memory
subsystem is working as it should or not. Memtest is not a diagnostic
utility, it cannot tell you what is wrong with your computer. Memtest is a
tool to be used in troubleshooting techniques such as elimination of factors
to quickly, reproducibly and dependably expose problems in the memory
About The Errors Reported
- How many errors are acceptable?
No errors are acceptable. Even if there is just one error, something is
amiss which can cause your system to crash. Of course what the cause of the
errors is you will still have to determine.
- What do I do when I get errors?
Firstly, don't start drawing any conclusions. You only know that memtest86+
is giving you errors, not what the cause is. Unfortunately it is not a
straightforward exercise to decisively test the memory modules themselves in
an actual system. This is because a computer is not just built up of some
memory, but also includes many other elements such as a memory controller,
cache, a cache controller, algorithmic and logic units, etc., etc., all of
which contribute to the machine. If there are faults in any of these other
parts of the computer you will likely also see errors showing up in memtest.
So what to do? You need to find the actual cause of the problem. The best
known troubleshooting technique for this is elimination of factors, which is
a method of incrementally eliminating factors from the set of all possible
causes of the problem. See the question 'What is elimination of factors' for
more information on this.
First verify that the BIOS settings of your machine are correctly
configured. Look up the memory timing settings applicable to the brand and
type of memory modules you have and check they match your BIOS settings,
correct them if they don't and run memtest again
Ok, you have all the settings correctly set and you're still getting errors.
Next thing to do is remove as many factors as we can, this means
disconnecting/removing anything that is not essential to run the test, i.e.
disconnect or remove all external devices, as many IDE/SCSI/S-ATA/Floppy
devices and add-in cards as you can. If the problem still persists then of
course a very likely cause are the memory modules, the logical course of
action is to look into them further.
If you are well stocked, have a few other machines at your disposal, or
just want to spend the cash for some new modules the best way to test if
the cause is in your memory modules is just to replace them and test again.
If you are less fortunate and do not have such modules at your disposal the
only viable way to get the system further diagnosed is to bring it in to a
computer repair shop, though there is still something you can do.
If you have more then one module in your system, test them one by one, if
one is consistently giving errors and another is consistently showing no
errors it's a pretty good bet that the module giving the errors is simply
defective. To exclude the possibility that a defective slot is throwing
your results, use the same slot to test each different module.
If each module by itself shows no errors, but when you place two or more
modules into the machine at the same time you do get errors, you are most
likely stuck with a compatibility issue and unfortunately there isn't a
whole lot you can do about it. Be sure to check your computer/motherboard
manual to see if the setup you are trying is allowed, some boards require
special restrictions in the sizes of modules, the order of modules, the
placement of double sided and single sides modules and more of such things.
In some cases having more than one memory module in the system also affects
the timing of the memory system, which might just be enough for the system
to start giving error. The question is whether this is just an unfortunate
combination of factors or whether there is actually a defective component in
the system. And in the latter case which component is the problem.
Elimination of factors is the way to diagnose this. If all components are
actually in order you may simply need to relax the memory latencies a little
bit to relieve the problem.
If you have only one module in your system, or all modules are giving
errors, there are only very few options left. The only thing you can do
really is to try the module(s) in another slot. Finally simply try out
different orders of the memory modules, although your manual might not
mention anything on the matter sometimes there simply exist timing or other
issues which can be resolved by changing the order of your modules. And of
course test each slot by putting a single module into that slot and running
memtest on it.
In the end if you still have not been able to localize the problem you will
have to find a replacement module to establish whether the problem lies in
your modules. See if you can borrow a module from someone else.
When you have replaced the memory by new memory and the errors still
persist, first check if you can rule out any compatibility issues or timing
issues. If you are sure the memory should work in the system the cause of
the errors must obviously lie someplace else in the system.
The only way to find out where, is by method of elimination of factors.
Simply start replacing and/or removing parts of your computer one by one,
running memtest each time you changed anything, until the errors are
resolved. See the question 'What is elimination of factors?' for a more
detailed explanation of this.
- I'm getting errors in test #x, what doest that mean?
Interpreting memtest results is as scientific an endeavour as testing
whether a person is a witch by the methods used in Monty Python's Holy
Grail. In short, don't even start, it's not going to get you anywhere. Just
interpret any error as you should any other and use the methods descibed in
the previous question to determine the cause.
- I'm getting errors in test #5 and/or #8 and have read a lot about it.
Yes, there are just about enough discussions on the topic to fill a book,
but it all boils down to the answer given above. The only thing that can be
said is that many a time, when memory latencies are incorrectly set in the
BIOS you will likely experience errors in test #5 and in versions prior to
v1.40 also in test #8. This does however NOT mean that errors in these tests
are always the cause of incorrect settings, your memory or some other
component might just as well be defective.
- I'm getting errors in memtest on one machine, but not when I put the same
memory in another, what does that mean?
It can mean one of two things:
* The machine that is giving the errors is defective. Errors don't just
orginate from the memory module itself, but can also be caused by
defects in the cpu, chipset, motherboard, PSU and even by timing issues
introduced by any other component in the machine.
* The machine giving the errors is imposing stricter timing than the other
which the memory module simply can't cope with. If the module should
work with the machine according to its specifications then it most
likely is defective.
- I'm getting errors with memtest, but not in some other memory test or vice
Different memory tests test the memory in different ways, it could easily
be that an error not picked up by one test, is picked up by another. Keep
in mind though that a test such as memtest86+ can only prove things that
are there, it can not prove that there are no errors in the memory. A full
pass of memtest86+ gives you a very good indication that the memory is ok,
but it is never a definitive proof of correctly functioning memory.
Thousands of people use memtest86+ daily and as far as we know there are no
known issues with memtest86+ giving false errors. If any such bug were to
occur in a future release of memtest86+, believe me, we will quickly know
about it and the error will be corrected. In general you can assume that
the problem is not in memtest86+ but that the problem is caused by
something else, so unless you have some very exotic hardware please do some
tests yourself by swapping out components, search google, update to the
latest BIOS version, experiment with memory timings, etc. before you ask
questions about it on the forum.
- If memtest86+ shows no errors does that mean my memory is not defective?
Of course no answers are definitive, no matter how good memtest86+ is or
will become there is always the possibility that a particular type of error
will go unnoticed. As long as you are having no problems with the system it
will be pretty safe to say that the modules are good. If you are having
problems with the system however you will just have to check elimination of
factors, ie swapping the modules for new ones and/or testing with modules of
a different brand/type. See the question 'What is elimination of factors?'
for more information on this method.
- What is elimination of factors? [new]
Elimination of factors is a well known and tried and true method of
troubleshooting. The idea is that you have a reproducible error, such as
errors reported by memtest86+, but it could also be a crash when running a
certain program, artifacts in the video output of the computer, incorrect
results of mathematical calculations, etc. etc.
The idea of the method is to change a factor in the entire system and rerun
the test after each change. If the test still produces the error then the
problem is not in the factor just changed, if it doesn't produce the error
anymore the problem is most likely in the factor just changed. More testing
needs to follow though.
Factors to change are numerous, e.g. you can replace a part of the system
with a part of the same brand and model. Note that replacing a part with a
part of a different brand and model you are actually changing more than one
factor at a time, this is important in determining the actual cause of the
problem. Other factors to change are system settings, in the context of this
FAQ this mostly concerns BIOS settings. Yet other factors are software
(including the BIOS or other firmware) versions, and in some cases
reinstallations of said software.
Ideally you have the least number of factors to contend with, so the first
thing to eliminate is usally as much software as possible as this is the
least standardised and the least predictable. This is also the reason why
memtest86+ is written not to use an OS of any kind, instead it boots the
system itself and runs outside of any operating system.
Next you remove as much parts from the computer as you can that are not
essential for the computer to run or the test to be performed, for example
you can disconnect all external hardware, all harddrives, all optical
drives, the floppy drive and card reader, you can remove any add-on cards
except for the graphics card, etc. Of course you need to leave the device
that you load memtest from connected to the system.
Assuming the system is still producing the same error, it is time for
looking at the BIOS settings try disabling any non-critical features and
toggling many of the options, while of course keeping the specs of your
system in regard. Next you turn to restting the BIOS after which you upgrade
or reflash the BIOS. Note that you might erase DMI information containing
your Windows license from the BIOS by flashing it. If you purchached your
computer from an OEM supplier with a Windows recovery you more than likely
do not want to flash the BIOS.
Next you want to replace parts of the core system, i.e. the memory modules,
the processor(s), the videocard, the psu, the motherboard etc. Preferably
these parts should be replaced by parts of the same brand and model. If you
do not have such parts available to you the only viable option is to consult
a computer repair shop or the technical department of your computer
If the error is still not resolved when all parts have been replaced there
might be several things going on. The first thing to check is of course if
the parts you used to swap the original parts with are in fact not
defective. Replace them again, preferably from a different batch of the same
brand and model. The next thing to check is if there exists a compatibility
problem between any two of the parts. The computer world is governed by
standards, but every manufacturer always seems to have their own idea on how
to interpret these standards. This means that although most parts work okay
together with most other parts, there are some parts that simply do not work
correctly with particular other parts. Replace the parts with parts of a
different brand and model to see if the problems are resolved.
When the problem does appear to be resolved by changing a factor, it is
pretty likely that the cause is in that factor, but this cannot be
guaranteed. For example when removing or replacing an internal component the
BIOS usually takes note of this en runs a special part of it's program to do
any necessary administrative work. In some cases this on itself can resolve
problems, or temporarily relieve them. It is therefore always import that,
when you find the change that resolves the problem, you reverse this change
and see if the problem comes back. If the problem does come back then you
can be reasonably certain that the actual cause of the problem is within the
factor changed. If however the problem does NOT come back you are
essentially back to square one. This is one of the most difficult situations
to properly diagnose, and in fact you cannot really be sure to resolve such
a problem with the elimination of factors technique. There are however not
any viable other options to diagnose such a problem without deeper access to
the system or special diagnostic equipment.
Problems Starting Memtest
- When I run install.bat it doesn't write anything to floppy.
You most likely have unpacked the memtest+-1.xx.floppy.zip file into a
folder with a long pathname and/or containing + and - signs. It seems
rawrite doesn't like that. Just move the files you unpacked to a directory
like c:\memtest and execute it from there.
- When I boot memtest86+ all I get is an endless string of numbers.
When booting memtest from a floppy disk you can sometimes see a message
much like the following scrolling up endlessly on the screen:
This is the BIOS reporting floppy disk read errors. Try re-writing the
disk. If that does not work replace the disk.
- When I boot memtest86+ all I get is a DOS prompt.
You did not install memtest86+ correctly to floppy or CD. Memtest86+ does
not use DOS to boot, in fact it does not have anything whatsoever to do with
DOS nor any other operating system. Memtest runs outside of the operating
system and boots on its own. If you get a message stating that DOS is
loading, or you get a DOS prompt, reinstall memtest to floppy or CD and be
sure to follow the directions in this FAQ precisely. Again you must not
create a bootable floppy disk or CD, memtest is already bootable itself.
Problems Running Memtest
- When I select BIOS-ALL I get many errors or my machine crashes.
This is normal. With todays computers this option should never be selected.
When selecting BIOS-ALL memtest will ignore the e820 memory map supplied by
the BIOS and will also test areas reserved by the BIOS for the processor or
the BIOS. See the question about which memory is test for more information
on this.
- Memtest freezes or my system crashes/reboots.
Check that you have USB legacy support disabled in your BIOS setup. Some
BIOSes have a bug in them that reports the reserved memory areas
incorrectly in the e820 memory map. This causes memtest to write over the
memory area used by the USB legacy support resulting in freezes or reboots.
Any crashes or reboots can also be caused by a myriad of other problems,
including incorrent settings and defective parts. On the whole you can
pretty much assume that the cause of memtest crashing is with your machine
and not with memtest. Thousands of people use memtest on a daily basis and
should experience the same problems if the cause is with memtest.
When you do think you've found a bug in memtest first try to confirm
(replicate) the bug on another system, preferably by someone else. Also
make sure the problem is not caused by any of the BIOS settings, any BIOS
bugs or the media you have memtest written on. When you're sure you've
found a bug in memtest please report it on the memtest forum.
- My chipset is not recognised or the timing info is not shown.
Most of the current chipsets are already supported by memtest86+ and many of
the newly released chipsets will be added to memtest86+, sometimes even
before their release. There are however still some chipsets which are not
recognised by memtest86+, this is not a problem for the tests themselves.
Memtest86+ does not need to know the chipset to perform the testing, nor
does it perform better or more accurate tests if it does know the chipset.
In fact the test performed are exactly the same for recognised and
unrecognised chipsets. The chipset make and type are purely of informational
value to the user.
The same holds for the timing information displayed by memtest86+. This
information is only displayed for the more popular chipsets such as the
i915 for example. For VIA chipsets this information is deliberately left
out because of their buggy and inconsistent nature.
If you encounter a chipset which is not recognised by memtest86+ and is not
from somewhere back in the stoneage, please post a cpu-z dump on the memtest
forum. There is a special sticky thread to post cpu-z dumps. Most likely the
chipset will then be added in the next release of memtest86+.
- I have more memory than memtest is reporting.
Memtest retrieves a memory map from the BIOS. This map informs memtest
where the memory is located and what parts of the memory are reserved.
Sometimes the ammount of memory on the map is less than the total amount of
installed memory, this is usually but not necessarily due to video frame
buffers, a part of the system memory which is used by the on-board graphics
card. This is basically not a problem other than that memtest86+ can not
test this reserved/hidden memory. In case of a video frame buffer you can
usually specify the size of the buffer in the BIOS, it would be wise to set
this to the lowest value while you are testing your RAM so that you can
test as much as possible.
Another cause of memory not appearing on the memory map can be that the
motherboard can simply not provide more than a certain amount of memory,
this can happen when there is more than 3GB of memory in the system. The
standard IA32 specification only has a 4GB addressing space, the top 1GB of
which is reserved for extension busses such as PCI, AGP and PCI-Express.
Besides memory not reported on the memory map there can also be memory
reserved by the BIOS, for the most part these are memory areas the BIOS
needs to provide certain functionalities, such as on-board devices. Again,
this is not really a problem for memtest, other than that memtest can not
test these areas. In order to reduce the reserved memory you can try to
disable as much features as you safely can in the BIOS. In some cases the
video frame buffer is represented as reserved memory instead of left out on
the memory map.
- Why are the speeds incorrectly reported?
It is not uncommon for a system to run slightly slower or slightly faster
than the settings made in the BIOS. If the speeds deviate by a couple of
MHz you should not worry about it. If it deviates by a significant margin,
eg it reads 333 instead of 400, then first of course check your BIOS
settings and make sure it's set to the correct speed. If you are sure that
the memory is running at the correct speed, but memtest is reporting a
completely different speed, please report so in the memtest forum, if at all
possible include a cpu-z report of the system in your post.
v1.21 2007-02-28
- added a note saying to check the faq posted on the forum if the question
is not asnwered in the faq.
v1.20 2007-01-29
- fixed some typos
- revised many answers in order to clarify them
- added questions on DOS prompt and elimination of factors
v1.11 2006-05-15
- fixed some typos
- added some clarifications
v1.10 2006-03-26
- revised the layout
- reordered the questions
- added and revised questions
v1.00 2005-01-13
- initial release
- Memtest86+ Homepage
- Memtest86+ Official Forum
- Memtest86 Homepage (Memtest86+ is based upon this)


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Dear friends recommended that I continue the tradition of giving my Mum a birthday card. During my search, I found this beautiful greeting.
Lovingly created by Tam Tam Design, it features a heartwarming image. I love how the baby bird is presenting her mother with a colourful posey.
Unfortunately, Tam Tam Designs only ship within the US but all is not lost. I found this card in my local shop here in Toronto, so perhaps other savvy shops in non-US locales stock this unique line as well.
Monday, February 7, 2011
A Card for Mum
Labels: Month 11
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subset: commoncrawl


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Patricia writes Regency stories – but with a difference, as they are set in exotic places.
Many thanks for the invitation, Patricia.
So, what is my writing process?
A lot of my writing process revolves around my kitchen table. I have a wonderful and spacious office in my basement, which only lacks one amenity—HEAT! This keeps me sequestered upstairs most of the time.
What am I working on?
The question is what am I not working on! At the moment I'm working on several different projects. I just finished publishing three novels in the last three months all of which have sequels either being edited by editors or myself. Once those sequels are complete I plan to return to my YA paranormal series. If I ever get all the written novels off my shelves, who knows what I'll come up with.
How does my work differ from others of its genre?
I write in different genres, but overall I think my work differs from others because I put my own unique style in each book. My life experience mold and shape my stories whether in a big way or a small one.
Why do I write what I do?
I write what I write because it comes to me. I don't have it mapped out or pre-planned.
How does your writing process work?
Generally my writing process starts with a simple idea. For instance with my chick-lit book, Love Octagon, a statement had been made in my presence, a very dangerous thing, I assure you, that if a man wanted multiple wives he ought to have to live with them all at the same time. I took that premise and carried it to its logical conclusion and let me tell you it wasn't pretty.
I don't sit down and plot out the entire story. Trust me when I say that I've tried. The sequel for The Ruse, which I'm working on right now, has about seven chapters plotted out. By the time I reached the seventh chapter the characters had taken a completely different turn and I was forced to flow with them.
Next week the following three authors will be telling you about their writing process:
Andrea Buginsky - Young Adult and Middle Grade fantasy author.
Debbie Brown - An author of early Victorian stories with suspense and sweet romance.
Elaine Ivey – Author of childrens books and romantic suspense


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Guide Services
MTB Trip Services Breakdown
Logistics (Before & Throughout Trip) – Maps, GPS, Planning: $35/day
Breakfast/Lunch/Hydration: $30/day
Transport of Gear: $15/day
Light Maintenance: $15/day
MOTO Trip Services Breakdown
Logistics (Before & Throughout Trip) – Maps, GPS, Planning: $40/day
Breakfast/Lunch/Hydration: $30/day
Transport of Gear: $30/day
Light Maintenance: $25/day
Rental Pricing
Rental Package Details
Helmets (and goggles for motorcycles) are included at no extra charge with all rentals.
Gear Rental is priced per trip regardless of trip length.
Subtract 10% of total Rental Cost for all multi-day trips:
Example: a 3-day Green Package MTB rental (bike & helmet only) is $132 for a single rider.
Example 2: a 2-day Black Diamond Package Moto rental with a full set of rental gear is $474 for a single rider.
Group Discount Rate: for 6 or more riders in a group, take an additional 10% off total of Rental & Guide Services Costs.
A refundable Damage Insurance Deposit for all rental equipment will be collected prior to all trips. Amount varies depending on rental package & trip type.


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These classes are designed to help new believers (or anyone who wants a solid foundation in practical Christianity) embark upon the "First Steps" of their walk with the Lord.
Proverbs 9:10 says, "The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom, and the knowledge of the Holy One is understanding."
Classes will be 7 consecutive Wednesdays beginning March 6, from 6-7 pm.
Congratulations on becoming part of the family of God! I have some good news and some bad news for you J – I will start with the bad news… Satan and his demons are real and they are never happy when a person chooses to follow the Lord so I must warn you that they will use people and situations to try to discourage you, and try to get you to question your newfound faith and devotion to God…. But the good news is that God truly loves You and that is why He sent His Son into this world to redeem us! And that is only the beginning as He looks forward to walking with you during the course of your life. He loves us so much that we probably will not even truly understand the depth of His Love until we are finally united with Him in our Eternal Home that He has prepared for us. Understand that we are still tied to our flesh, our feelings and this Earth so we will still have 'highs and lows' in life which is never an indication that God stopped loving us or has forgotten about us. My suggestion for you to prepare yourself for these spiritual battles is to pray (talk to God) every day (He loves to hear from you), to read His love letter to us which is His inspired Scriptures and to make friends with solid and mature people who are also part of God's family (other believers), and who can provide guidance and feedback for the struggles you will face from here on in. I am so excited that you are part of our family and I look forward to talking with you more in the future. Be blessed!
Pastor Joe


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Cannabis stocks perked up on Wednesday, after a tumultuous few weeks.
The North American Marijuana Index, which tracks the top cannabis stocks in the US and Canada, was up 0.5% to 300.79. The Horizons Marijuana Life Sciences Index ETF was up 0.8% at C$20.99 by Wednesday's close.
CROP Infrastructure Corp (CSE:CROP) (OTC:CRXPF) shares jumped on Wednesday.
Shares were up 1.7% at C$0.31 in Canadian trading Wednesday midday.
The company announced Tuesday that it has completed the construction of its 57,600 square foot nursery in Nye County, Nevada and it is ready to support the company's CBD farm operations.
"The Crop family of companies and subsidiaries continues to build strategic infrastructure in key states where we are present. These are one-time builds that will streamline harvests, reduce risks and costs as well as maximize yields for many years to come," said CEO Michael Yorke.
READ: CROP Infrastructure's Nevada Nursery ready for plants to support its CBD farm operations
Also on the move on Wednesday was Golden Leaf Holdings Ltd (CSE:GLH) (OTCMKTS:GLDFF), which soared 7.7 at C$0.14 in Toronto, up 15.1% at US$0.11 in New York.
The company did not release any new news, but recently announced a corporate update, outlining the initiation of new efficiency measures, trimming its workforce by 19 people.
The Canadian company has cultivation, production and retail operations in Canada as well as in Oregon and Nevada.
Other gainers on Wednesday included Cronos Group Inc (NASDAQ:CRON) (TSE:CRON), which was up 2.4% at C$22.42 in Toronto and up 1.9% at US$16.59 in New York.
There were a number of laggards on Wednesday, in light of recent volatility.
GrowGeneration Corp (OTCMKTS:GRWG) shares slipped on Wenesday, down 1.9% at US$2.87 on no news.
Other decliners included Aleafia Health Inc (CVE:ALEF), which slipped 2.7% at US$1.22 and OrganiGram Holdings Inc (TSE:OGI) (OTCMKTS:OGRMF), which nudged down 1.1% at C$8.90 in Toronto.
Contact Katie Lewis at [email protected]


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We Make Green Easy™
LaCrosse unfinished hardwood flooring is available in plank 3" (76mm); 4" (102mm); 5" (127mm); 6" (152mm); 7" (178mm); 8" (203mm) widths in the species of American White Oak, American Black Walnut, Canadian Hard Maple, American Cherry, American Red Oak, American Hickory. All these species can also be rift/quarter sawn. Solid flooring is full ¾" (19mm) thick, and can be manufactured either square edged or micro-beveled to customer requirements.
*Most images are shown half unfinished and half clear prefinished. Not all available grades are currently shown.
Maple Grove, MN 55369 Phone: 800-351-9293
Jackson, WI 53037 Phone: 262-677-5200
Sioux Falls, SD 57104 Phone: 605-336-3588
Omaha, NE Phone: 402-597-8822
Glendale Heights, IL 60139 Phone: 800-664-9322
Elkhart, IN 46514 Phone: 800-664-9322


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Cover/Sleeve for MacBook Air 13" and most other 13" devices
Laptops, chromebooks, and tablets are essential supplies in many schools, and they represent a significant investment. Carrying them safely to and from the classroom day after day is a genuine concern—and Belkin offers several practical, affordable solutions. Belkin Sleeves are designed for simplicity, comfort, and style.
Multi-layer technology includes shear neopro exterior and cushy fleece interior
Form-fitting sleeve ensures a precise fit
Quick side-loading access with secure zipper closure
Self-retracting handle prevents snags when slipping into your favorite bag
Woven side webbing protects against wear
Product Dimensions (l x w x h): 14" x 10.2" x 1.1" (Fits most 13" devices. Choose the 14" version (B2B075) to comfortably fit your MacBook Air 13")
1 -Year Warranty
|Carrying Strap
|Grab handle
|Computer Compartment Height
|Computer Compartment Length
|Computer Compartment Width
|Computer Compatibility Dimensions
|Type of Bag
|Notebook sleeve
|Product Material
|Fleece, Neopro
0 linksys.product.review.title.customer
- MacBook Air 13"


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ProfessionalsManage stress in the workplace through a mindful approach
Science has found a deep connection between staying calm and enhancing productivity.
Bringing a Zen approach to your professional life requires slowing down, planning ahead, deepening the breath, and not sweating the stressors of the workspace.
It's not uncommon to feel anxious, irritable, or depressed at work. Apathy may set in or you may lose interest in your work. You find it hard to concentrate. Stress affects your sleep which builds into chronic fatigue.
Maybe you've tried meditation or joining a gym or contemplated looking for a less demanding position. You may have even considered medication.
Whether you are a lawyer billing in six-minute increments or an executive who must excel in a competitive work environment, the pressure to maintain this image bleeds into your personal life, relationships, family, and health.
The good news is that it's not necessary to over-perform to cover anxiety and maintain an image of competency. A Zen approach to professional life allows you to manage your workload effectively and leave the office behind at the end of day.
Whether you face stress from client expectations, corporate politics, or managing your work/life balance, I can help you pull back and see the bigger picture. I offer practical tools to navigate the relentless pressure and build resilience to the forces of a high-stakes professional life.
In the same way that an accountant applies skills to run a business more efficiently, my therapist skill set helps you work with emotions more effectively. As your emotional trainer, I can teach you to function at peak performance without absorbing stress.
I teach a mindful approach that builds mental toughness and clarity, supports your goal pursuit, and helps you embrace the demands of your profession.
With 15 years' experience, I'd like to help you:
- Take command of your schedule, instead of letting it run your life
- Slow down and become more intentional in your business conversations
- Decrease the interpersonal stress that comes from working in a team
- Learn to regroup amid the pressures of an intense work environment
- Let go of perfectionism as a way to get things done
- Create a mental stability to manage the pressures of the job
- Understand your emotional stress instead of reacting to it
Professional Zen
I offer stress management courses for professionals at your work site. Whether one-time, ongoing, or as a lunch-and-learn, I can help your team manage professional stress. To enhance productivity and preserve work/life balance, contact me to learn more.
peace. it does not mean to be in a place where there is no noise, trouble or hard work. it means to be in the midst of those things and still be calm in your heart.


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Modular construction puts Lantech at the forefront of its sector
Lantech is growing, year on year. At its new location in Malden the packaging machine manufacturer is ready for the future. And, right here inside its new premises, it is evident where standardised production will take it. Efficient and modular construction: Lantech has long been aware of the value of this.


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Our Interview With T-Phonic & Deadman
T-Phonic & Deadman are the most recent members to Technique Recordings' family. The signing comes after the pair's multiple contributions to the drum & bass label's compilations in 2016. The duo have a raucous past, gaining support from big name DJs like dnb legend Hype as well as making a name for themselves in a range of electronic genres.
The duo has wasted no time in proving their worth at Technique with two jaw-dropping releases, 'Scare Tactics' and 'Reflections VIP'. Both of these tracks sets the tone of T-Phonic & Deadman's hard-hitting drum & bass. 'Scare Tactics' has neurotic twists and minimal percussion that both keep you on your toes, whilst 'Reflections VIP' uses euphoric chords and vocal samples to create a perfect summertime track. This version of the track cleverly takes the same elements as the original but does something almost completely different to the ear.
Want to know more about this exciting duo, then read our exclusive interview with them, and find out more about their latest tracks.
1/ You've recently joined dnb heavyweight label Technique. How does it feel to be part of the Technique family?
All good so far! Obviously, it's a massive label with a long history of big tunes, so we're honoured to be a part of it! Simon and everyone involved has made us both feel very welcome.
2/ What do you like most about being with Technique over previous labels?
We've been impressed with how well regimented and organised everything has been. They have things running like clockwork. Social media posts, releases, artwork and promotion are all on point. We were lucky enough to DJ on BBC Radio 1 last month and the DJ bookings are starting to come now too.
3/ Can you tell us about your inspirations for your new material?
Right across the board really, we're inspired by pretty much everything from old hip hop to new electronic music, but at the moment we're quite heavily inspired by the old school rave sound, the sounds and vibe it creates is still unique.
4/ How did your partnership come about? Have you always DJ'd together?
A close mutual friend, DJ Twista, introduced me to Tim after I started doing a few drum & bass bits on the side of my usual 4/4 or breakbeat projects.
I sent Tim a late night coffee fuelled over excitable Soundcloud message and, unfortunately, the poor chap replied! (Mug!) I think the first track 'Outside World' we started is still unfinished. It'll probably be forthcoming on our next EP, forty mix downs and twenty drum changes later!
Our first release together was "Show Me the Way'. This was followed by 'Reflections' and, it's the success from that which really cemented the partnership for us.
DJ wise, we had never DJ'd together before! We like a lot of the same music so we have a lot of fun on the decks. The whole partnership is pretty new and it's been full on studio assault since we started so we can keep a constant flow of music coming.
5/ You've just released two new tracks, 'Scare Tactics' and 'Reflections VIP'. Could you tell us about the tracks and what sets them apart from other dnb artists at the moment?
I think we went to two extremes with the tracks, 'Reflections VIP' was just an anything goes rave fest, maybe a little over the top but that was half the fun of it. One minute the 808's and jungle breaks are pounding and the next you've got circa 1992 style hands it the air pianos! 'Scare Tactics' started off from a BBC Sherlock sample and ended up as a dark journey through the spirit world with reversed demon chants as backing noise…we haven't really got a particular style at the moment. We both love just getting ideas and playing around with them until it sounds half decent. Then one of us will take over until its better…and so on!


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John's Blog- Love that Will Not Let Us Go!
I had to twist and turn one night recently trying to get to sleep. I was having trouble making the pain in my back go away. I have gotten to that wonderful age where you have to turn just a certain way to finally get comfortable enough to go to sleep. Age does have its woes, doesn't it?
But Saturday morning finally did come. I had a wedding rehearsal on Friday night that was filled with joy and excitement. I find particular delight in doing a wedding for someone I watched grow up in the church. I went for my walk early, rain was predicted. When I arrived home, my wife had prepared blueberry coffee cake. This, of course, is a divine sign that my daughter, Suzanne, who is expecting her first child in December, was home for the St. James Art Fair. I sat drinking my coffee and marveling at my now very pregnant daughter. Sorry, I am one of those hopeless romantics who honestly believes that a woman cannot be more beautiful than when she is expecting. It seemed just months ago when she was told she could not have a child. Modern medicine definitely has its wonders. I just figure science is one of the ways God works his miracles. Children, I believe, are God's way of saying he will never give up on us.
When Suzanne arrived, Teddy, our Dachshund, whom Suzanne had named when he was a puppy (Teddy because she thought he looked like a teddy bear), ran down the steps and jumped into her lap. Even though it had been months since he had seen her, he knew it was her before she could ring the doorbell. They have had a permanent bond ever since she first held him and named him.
God has a permanent bond with us. It began when God chose us and called us beloved. It was reaffirmed in our baptisms. Even as we get older and the aches and pains move into our lives, God never moves out of our lives. When we pay attention, we see that age may bring miseries, but it also brings miracles, like children, grandchildren, and great grandchildren. It brings deep, lasting, life-long friendships. It may even open our eyes to love we never even appreciated.
When my father-in-law was near the end of his life, his oldest daughter, Barbie, moved him to a care facility near her home. She stopped by every day and would even feed him when he could no longer feed himself. I was visiting him one day and he confided in me with tears in his eyes that he had never realized how much she loved him.
There may be people in your life who love you far more than you realize. Moreover, I am absolutely certain that God loves us far more than any of us realize. My prayer is that even as age may visit us with aching backs, it might also open our eyes to this love!


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Forget about future generations, it is tough for this generation itself to find beauty in a hill covered with plastic bottles and packets
When was the last time you were actually planning a trip and surfing through different options? So you think of Shimla ─ mostly a concrete jungle, McLeodganj ─ brimming with humans all the time, Nainital ─ even the tal isn't enticing anymore, Agra – ideal for a stampede, Jaipur – not so pink anymore…the list of places you don't prefer going to anymore is endless. The reason is us ─ the travelers in all our glory.
We have not been respectful enough of the natural gifts. All these locations have been covered with concrete and are mostly man-made disasters waiting to happen. We cannot do much about the damage already done, can we?
At the same time, if you look around carefully, each off-beat location is getting polluted by humans into a garbage dump with plastic, used belongings, perishables etc. Social media is a culprit too, with all the amazing filters, it calls all viewers to visit the beautiful locations but never tells you about your ingrained responsibility to preserve that space.
Forget about future generations, it is tough for this generation itself to find beauty in a hill covered with plastic bottles and chips packets. We are all aware of the scarcity of natural resources, depleting clean water, less and less of fresh air and definitely lesser green areas. We also see hordes of warnings about not polluting the environment and caring about the landscapes, but who cares.
Picture this, at present one has to travel at least 200 kms and more from the nearest metro city to be in the lap of nature. Passionate bloggers and photographers are covering more than double the distance to show you how the clean world looks like. It takes you minimum of 4-5 hours to leave the grime and dust of the city to start breathing fresh air. What matters is how you behave while you are breathing fresh air in that area.
Some facts to get your attention:
- Over 62 million tonnes of waste is generated annually in the country
- Task of value extraction is left to the informal system of garbage collectors and recyclers
- Only 80% of waste generated is collected and merely 28% processed
- Swachh Bharat focuses too narrowly on individual action to keep streets clean without any pressure on State and Municipal authorities
There are stark threats to the world like the climate change, global warming etc. we cannot do much about it, but we can do what we can. We are listing out a few points for travelers to help conserve Mother Nature as we trot her majestic mountains and beautiful valleys:
- Just stop littering – Please stop throwing while you walk and look all fancy. It is just not cool, is bothersome and affects everyone around you. No natural spot ever looked exquisite with discarded food cans, plastic bottles and other used stuff. Please stack the used items in a disposable bag, just carry it a little distance and place it in the dustbins. There are organisations like Waste Warriors and Clean Up Himalayas doing their bit, you need to do yours.
- Act local – Locals do not pollute the environment they live in.
- Conserve resources – One thing we must learn from our villages – Take only as much as you can consume, whether it is food or resources. What is the point of going to new places and not picking up their best practices?
We don't have all the gyaan for you, but hopefully you get the thought. Please share what else do you think can be useful in maintaining the sanctity of all travel zones. We will update the article with your propositions.
PS – For each of Escape Route trips, we carry our own garbage bags and ensure that our fellow travelers make use of it for any kind of leftovers/throwaways. Littering is just not done.


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Just a brief note— it REALLY bugged me how Peter went and talked to Cordell about his relationship with Porsha to get the "real story" about their separation. And yeah, I think he projected some of his shit with Cynthia's family on the situation, but when he said " After hearing this (Makes talking hand motion) from a bunch of girls, it was extremely interesting to hear Cordell's side." Oh fuck you, Peter. You can sympathize but when you went to get the fucking real story and then confronted Porsha like you did, you just showed your ass.
And well, at least my annoyance will come to an end. BYE, CYNTHIA. Good luck with your modeling agency. Too bad you didn't have a real personality.


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Financial Aid
We strive to create a diverse community of passionate individuals
Computer Tutor is dedicated to creating a friendly environment for individuals looking to advance their education through our trade school career development programs and aiding in placing graduates in the business service industry.
At Computer Tutor Business and Technical Institute, we pride ourselves on providing quality education and career development opportunities; we never cut any corners or risk decreasing the value of your education. To help any student interested, whether you are first generation or not, we offer a variety of financial aid resources. We aim to give all students a fair chance at advancing their skills and finding job security in the industry, upon graduation from a Computer Tutor career advancement program. Committed to assisting students in funding their higher education goals, we offer a wide range of financial aid services, such as completing the FAFSA application, loan counseling, and completing the verification process.
You may qualify for the following funding programs:
- Federal Pell Grants
- Private Lender Alternative Loans
- TAA Funding
- WIOA Funding
- Scholarships
- Veteran Educational Benefits
- Direct Student Loans (subsidized and unsubsidized)
- The college also offers interest-free payment plans
To find out how to apply for financial aid, get in touch with us today.


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NEWBURY, N.H. (AP) — Some ponds and lakes are off limits to swimming because of algae blooms or bacteria from animal waste, though a state expert said Tuesday that this year has seen an average number of beach closures.
People have been warned since the weekend to stay out of the water at Sunapee State Park and Griffin Beach on Webster Lake in Franklin because of high levels of fecal bacteria, probably caused by waste from geese or other warm-blooded animals. Sonya Carlson, beach program coordinator for the state's Department of Environmental Services, said there have been six beach advisories and one lake warning to this point.
Other swimming holes are bedeviled by blue-green algae blooms — called cyanobacteria — that occur when there is too much phosphorous in the water. A blue-green algae bloom on Lake Erie last week forced officials to issue a drinking water ban for 400,000 people in Ohio.
"Cyanobacteria is in every lake all around the world," Carlson said. "The problem is when it grows and grows and grows to the point where you can see it."
It's hard to tell what conditions will lead to bigger algae blooms though the weather, including rainfall and wind, can play a role. For example, in 2013, heavy rains in June and July likely washed a lot of animal waste into ponds and lakes, pushing up the number of waterholes with high levels of fecal matter.
Carlson's advice: If you can see those algae blooms, don't go swimming and keep your pets out of the water.
Coming into contact with the algae can cause skin irritation, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
The state has a regular monitoring program in which 180 lakes are checked for bacteria three times a year. There are an additional handful of lakes that the Army Corps of Engineers monitors, and 15 or so municipalities do their own sampling. Carlson said 16 coastal beaches are tested much more frequently — one to two times a week.
Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
[display-posts category="local" wrapper="ul" posts_per_page="4?"]


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of pregnancies are unwanted in Kinshasa
Democratic Republic of Congo
Democratic Republic of Congo
of adolescent girls get pregnant before the age of 19
people are living with HIV in North Kivu
In Kinshasa, about half of all pregnancies are unwanted and across the country, one in four girls becomes pregnant for the first time before the age of 19. Access to contraception is illegal for minors and abortion is permitted only for medical purposes, but even in such cases access to abortion is not effective. About one in every 100 births causes the death of the mother. Despite this, adolescent sexual and reproductive health issues are politically and socio-culturally sensitive.
About one in every 100 births causes the death of the mother.
In the DRC, HIV affects 1.2% of the 15-49 age group. Prevalence is three times higher amongst women (1.6%) than amongst men of the same age (0.6%). This is due to a lack of knowledge about HIV, especially amongst young people, as well as the taboo in Congolese society surrounding the sexuality of teenagers outside marriage. As a result, young people are often judged, stigmatised, and even rejected when visiting health centres for problems related to their sexual and reproductive health. Thus, condom use is rare and most of the time they are unaware of their HIV status.
In two health zones in the megalopolis, Doctors of the World is working with teenagers to inform and raise awareness of sexual and reproductive health issues in a broad sense, and on the themes of unwanted pregnancy in particular, but also STIs including HIV, and gender-based violence. In this way, in collaboration with a national association, Doctors of the World is trying to improve access to family planning for young girls, to inform them about STIs, to offer care to those who have undergone an abortion or to take care of those who have suffered sexual violence.
In 2016
We helped:
Particular emphasis is placed on the links between community mobilisation frameworks (neighbourhoods, schools, youth clubs, etc.) and health centres to facilitate effective access to these services, enabling them to choose to have a child when and if they wish, and to reduce the risk of STI and HIV infection.
Doctors of the World also trains health personnel, in conjunction with the ministry, in an approach that is adapted to teenagers. Lastly, the association supports civil society to lobby authorities to legalise contraception for minors and abortion.
In June 2014, a law was presented to Parliament to promote free access to contraception for all women of child-bearing age. The Superior Court of Justice gave a favourable opinion.
"If you dare abort, you'll die!" This was the response of the nurse Merlyne consulted when she learned she was pregnant. She didn't want the child and neither did her fiancé. Merlyne thought she couldn't get pregnant and wasn't using any contraceptive because she lacked information about the different methods available. When her fiancé understood that she would not abort the pregnancy, he refused to take responsibility and left: on the day Merlyne gave birth, several months had already passed since she'd last heard from him.
Merlyne is now 20 years old and, although she is happy to have her little four-month-old girl Grady, she would have preferred to wait so that she could meet her daughter's needs on her own. She and Grady are an extra burden for her parents. Merlyne does not want to hear about another pregnancy, but uses no method of contraception to avoid it. She is nevertheless determined to take the time to see her first child grow up and to realise her own dream of opening a hairdressing salon and securing her independence.
Tina was just 12 years old when she became pregnant for the first time. Too young to understand what was going on in her body, she did not realise what was happening to her until the sixth month. Her parents hesitated about terminating this early, unwanted pregnancy: they were too frightened that Tina might die. They preferred to ask the child's father to take responsibility. Tina found herself forced by this unplanned pregnancy to continue her relationship with the man. Two other children followed in rapid succession but the couple's life together deteriorated to such an extent that Tina had to ask the father of her children to leave. She has since found a new partner and now hopes to take time before having another baby and to decide on the best moment to do so. On the advice of a friend, she has had an implant inserted, which protects her for 5 years. But this has been done in secret, as she dares not speak to her partner about it for fear of his reaction.
The oldest is 12 and the youngest 2 months. The others are aged 10, 8 and 4 years. Their mother, Omba, is just 28 years old and already has 6 children. Her wish was for just two children but the pregnancies followed one after another. For this woman who has no access to family planning, each pregnancy is a curse. Even neighbouring women make fun of her when they see her fall pregnant so often. They have offered to help her get an abortion but Omba is too afraid of dying. Today Omba and her husband are both unemployed and live with the anxiety of not being able to feed their children properly. Only the four-year-old goes to school due to a lack of money. Omba went to a health centre where she was told about an implant that would give her 5 years' protection against a further pregnancy. But to have it, she needed money which she does not have: all she has are her children.
Following an initial unwanted pregnancy at age 21, Audrey had three other pregnancies that followed just one year apart. The doctor had warned her of the risks this posed for her own health as well as that of her children, but Audrey was not well enough informed about methods of contraception and did not have the means to do anything about it. She decided to find out about family planning and to speak about it to her husband. Together they agreed to use condoms as a way of controlling future pregnancies: nine years then passed before the birth of their last child following a pregnancy which they had planned and wanted. At age 36, Audrey is mother to 5 children, aged 15, 11, 10, 9 and 9 months respectively. She is now convinced that planning births is a matter for couples and that it is together that the decision must be taken whether or not to have a child. Happily this is a view shared by her husband.
Irène had had a boyfriend for just a short time and so the news of her pregnancy came as a shock. They had had sex on only four occasions and she didn't think she could get pregnant so quickly. Neither her parents nor the school had explained to her why and how to protect herself. For this brilliant 19-year-old student in her final year of studies, pregnancy meant the end of her schooling. She did not even dare to speak about the unwanted pregnancy to her boyfriend who had already threatened several times that he would leave her if she got pregnant. She first tried every way of getting an abortion but it needed money which she didn't have. When at last she resolved to tell the truth, her boyfriend quit, leaving her alone to face a pregnancy she did not feel ready for. When Moïse was born, her boyfriend finally decided to come back to her and assume his responsibility as the baby's father. But Irène had been deeply marked by a pregnancy that she did not want. She now insists that her boyfriend uses a condom: the next time she is pregnant it will be because she has freely decided to have a baby.
Orphaned at a young age, Nadège was brought up by her aunt who did not have the means to pay for her schooling. After an adolescence marked by poverty, she was just 20 when she found she was pregnant with her first child. For Nadège, the pregnancy was like "the end of the world". She wasn't expecting it and did not want the baby. She sought an abortion at all costs and, for a fee, a nurse agreed to help her. But on the day of the operation, the nurse told her he had had a nightmare the previous night in which he had seen Nadège die. He refused to carry out the procedure and gave her back her money. Since then, Nadège has gone on to have two other children, the latest just a year old. That means two further unwanted pregnancies. She has of course heard about methods of contraception, particularly the implants that last 5 years and cost around 20 dollars. Nadège hopes one day to be able to save up such a sum. In the meantime, she uses condoms.
In North Kivu and Kinshasa, on the strength of its expertise in sexual and reproductive health for young people, Doctors of the World works with local, civil and institutional partners to strengthen the quality of prevention, screening and treatment services, and care for people living with HIV.
The project targets young people and teenagers (aged from 10 to 24), regardless of their status, origin or sexual practices. In addition, the project is part of the DRC national HIV/AIDS strategy, which it supports through knowledge generation about the epidemic and the promotion of an environment conducive to the fighting the disease.
Our programme is structured around 4 major themes:
- Improving knowledge about the epidemic
- Capacity building for professionals and screening
- The creation of links between health facilities and young people
- Advocacy to create a social and legal framework for the fight against HIV/AIDS
In 2016
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Are you just starting with exchange-traded funds (ETFs)? If so, you may have little or no direct participation in the financial markets. Maybe you're transitioning from a full-service brokerage or employer-sponsored retirement plan to an online service like Ally Invest. Your investing objectives may run the spectrum from conservative to aggressive, but it's likely you don't grasp the full meaning and implications of these viewpoints.
Like most new traders, you have high expectations for your investments, and you're eager to expand your general market knowledge and investment experience. You may have heard about asset allocation and retirement planning, but don't really understand how those processes work.
On the trading side of things, you might be lured into trading an ETF because the sector it tracks is in favor or is experiencing increased volatility. However, you may not realize the higher the volatility, the higher the skill set needed to manage such positions. It's crucial to understand the concept of liquidity and how its importance increases as a trader's holding period decreases.
Keep a cool head
Don't allow emotion to take over once a trade or investment has begun. This may lead to you holding onto ETFs with losses even as the reasons for the original investment have deteriorated. You may hope that a losing ETF will recover, so you can get back to even. There are other errors to avoid, such as pulling the sell trigger too soon and selling your ETF at break-even or with only small profits.
As a new ETF trader, you realize ETFs represent a basket of investments, but you likely don't know what assets are held by the fund manager nor realize not knowing these details can wreak havoc on your investment. Rookies may erroneously think fees for ETFs are always lower than those of mutual funds and don't know to look closely at commissions and expense ratios. It can be daunting to compare mutual funds and ETFs in a comprehensive manner to determine which type of investment is better suited in certain conditions.
You may not be aware that ETFs can go up and down in value or that your shares can become worth more or less than their original cost. The unique risks of specialized or non-traditional ETFs aren't always apparent, either. It's tempting to be attracted to an ETF for its successful track record, but a bit more challenging to interpret those figures and recognize that past performance is not an indication of the future.
As a new ETF investor, aim for mastering these fundamentals:
- The basics of ETFs, their fees and expenses, and how ETFs can impact your taxes
- How to obtain a prospectus, either by mail or online, and understand it
- The meaning of an ETF's stated average annual returns
- How to obtain and read basic quotes using a ticker symbol (bid, ask, size, last, change, high, low, open, close and volume)
- The concept of dollar cost averaging, its risks and costs, and if it's right for you
- How T+3 settlement affects ETF transactions
- Order entry terminology (action of buy or sell, quantity, price, type of order, duration)
- Position terminology (long, short)
- Monitoring the major market indices (S&P 500, DJIA, Nasdaq composite, Nasdaq 100, Russell 2000, etc.)
- The difference between an ETF and an index
- How to regard your gains or losses as real, even if they are still unrealized
- What basic SIPC insurance is (and why it matters)
Improve your trading skills by:
- Reviewing the basics of investing in stocks and bonds
- Using limit orders for nearly all trades
- Understanding if and how dividends are distributed for a particular ETF
- Anticipating and planning for all possible outcomes for your trades, not just the positive scenarios


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text: PegaWorld 2019 replays Catch up on all the exciting announcements and cutting-edge insights, anywhere, anytime. Showing 85 result(s) Search Apply Show search filters Filter Sessions Days Monday, June 3 (43) Tuesday, June 4 (42) Session Type Customer Case Study (35) Spark Talk (23) Sponsored (10) Keynote (7) Product Spotlight (7) Customer How To (3) Topics Customer Experience (36) Digital Transformation (32) Pega Platform (29) Agile (23) Customer Service (20) Robotic Automation (20) Case Management (18) Application Development (16) Artificial Intelligence (15) BPM (14) Decision Management (14) CRM (12) Analytics (10) Marketing Automation (8) UX & Design (7) Cloud (6) Mobile (4) Sales Automation (4) Internet of Things (2) Industry Cross-Industry (41) Financial 山东体彩11选5 (13) Manufacturing (9) Insurance (8) Communications Service Providers (7) Healthcare (7) Government (2) Transportation, Freight, Logistics (1) Product Platform (29) All Products (22) Customer Service (16) Robotic Automation (12) Customer Decision Hub (11) Marketing (9) Operations (8) Cloud (7) Sales Automation (7) Field Service (1) Onboarding (1) Cancel Close search filters KeynoteThe Heart of Digital Transformation: How Great Technology, the Right Approach, and Empowered People Deliver Results Delivering on the promise of digital transformation demands powerful technology.... KeynoteVodafoneZiggo: Driving Meaningful Customer Dialogues VodafoneZiggo (VZ) is embarking on a transformational journey jump started by... KeynoteUp, Up, and Away: Unleashing the Superpowers of Pega Infinity You know that feeling – the one where you're defeated by technology. Legacy... KeynoteGirls in Tech: Empowering the Next Generation of Female Leaders Girls in Tech is a global non-profit that's working to put an end to gender... KeynoteDesigned for Digital: How Companies Transform for Sustained Success Three capabilities of digital technologies—ubiquitous data, unlimited... KeynoteHow About Some Empathy? Empathetic AI—The Evolution of AI for Business AI technologies can drive unprecedented business benefits: making intelligent... KeynoteMoving Beyond Personalization to Deliver 1:1 Engagement at Scale Personalization has long been the rage, but is really just a fancy term for old,... Customer Case StudySun Life Financial: ROI and change management within the digital process automation journey Sun Life Financial has begun their digital process automation journey using Pega... Download this presentation 1 2 3 4 5 Next