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Buddhist Buzzwords: Rebirth
I'm sure we will have our own understanding of what rebirth is, and so far, this is mine.
First and foremost, rebirth is not reincarnation. They may sound quite close, and I think that's where the confusion begins. Reincarnation, simply, is believed to happen when someone's soul passes from one host to another.
Rebirth, it is believed, is the continual karmic energy passing from one sentient life to another. Whether it's a sentient life in the form of an ant, an orangutan, a peacock or a human, the karmic continuum keeps going until one is released from samsara. Which, as we know, only happens once one achieves enlightenment, or the great awakening. It can have a very small bit of essence from a previous life, but rarely is that the case.
I believe rebirth is much more than that though. This "I" or "me" we refer to as ourselves is constantly being reborn. For instance, grab a photo of yourself from when you were 5. Is that you? No, really, is it you? The same person sitting in front of the computer screen reading this? Grab a photo of yourself when you were 10, is this you? Of course, the nucleus of "you" is there, you are sharing the same body as those younger versions of you, but is it really you?
I look back at many rebirths I've had, for one, I am now a father. Things changed, and after a (re)birth I became something different. One time, this body was a graphic designer, but now this body installs cable into people's homes. This body used to love playing like a child, but as this body aged those things became less of an interest. Who knows what will happen next, I do know that constant change is happening, and as I type, I am being reborn.
There is also the way some rebirths are tested, specifically in the Tibetan traditions. Many tulkus and lamas continue to come back, not as a reincarnate, but reborn in a new body. It is believed though, the essence of the previous birth is still there. When monks are sent to find a rebirth, the have tests they give to make sure those that are believed to be a rebirth truly are. The tests are usually done with objects from the rebirths previous birth, such as vajras, walking sticks, malas, etc.
I would love to hear your take on rebirth and reincarnation, especially if I'm wrong. If you have some clarification on something skewed here, feel free to comment.
Rebirth from Wikipedia
Rebirth in Buddhism is the doctrine that the evolving consciousness or stream of consciousness upon death, becomes one of the contributing causes for the arising of a new aggregation. The consciousness in the new person is neither identical to nor entirely different from that in the deceased but the two form a causal continuum or stream.
Reincarnation from Wikipedia
Reincarnation is believed to occur when the soul or spirit, after the death of the body, comes back to Earth in a newborn body. This phenomenon is also known as transmigration of the soul.
Anirudh Kumar Satsangi permalinkJuly 7, 2010 11:44 am
"My most Revered Guru of my previous life His Holiness Maharaj Sahab, 3rd Spiritual Head of Radhasoami Faith had revealed this secret to me during trance like state. HE told me, "Tum Sarkar Sahab Ho" (You are Sarkar Sahab). Sarkar Sahab was one of the most beloved disciple of His Holiness Maharj Sahab. Sarkar Sahab later on became Fourth Spiritual Head of Radhasoami Faith.
Since I don't have any direct realization of it so I can not claim the extent of its correctness. But it seems to be correct. During my previous birth I wanted to sing the song of 'Infinite' (Agam Geet yeh gawan chahoon tumhri mauj nihara, mauj hoi to satguru soami karoon supanth vichara) but I could not do so then since I had to leave the mortal frame at a very early age. But through the unbounded Grace and Mercy of my most Revered Guru that desire of my past birth is being fulfilled now."
July 6, 2010 8:24 pm
Great explanation. I have been pondering the question on the relationship of rebirth and anatman (no self). I was given a translation from the Tibetan Kaygur of a sutra entitled "Sutra in Response to a Query Over What Happens After Death". One of the teachers at Drepung Loseling in Atlanta translated it. I am still working my way through a good understanding of the concepts but your blog came at just the right moment.
July 6, 2010 4:40 pm
Nate, you are absolutely right that rebirth is not reincarnation. However, just to remark on a few small points, I would say that Tibetans do not test rebirth, because if you understand the actual Buddhist concept of rebirth, then you know it cannot be "tested." As much as I love the Tibetan tradition, it's clear they have confused rebirth with reincarnation, and unfortunately, they are not the only Buddhist tradition that does this.
Secondly, from the Mahayana point of view there is no extinction or ultimate release from suffering. This is why we say "Samsara is Nirvana." I think this was the Buddha's original sense of the matter, and there is evidence in the Pali Canon to support this contention.
While I agree to some extent with Adam that rebirth may ultimately have little to do with one's present life, I am not too sure we should adopt the view that it has no relevance. The problem is in isolating rebirth from the other correlating concepts. It is just one aspect of the cycle of birth and death, and I think that understanding the cyclic nature of existence contributes greatly to having a broad and comprehensive view of life. No one can say what exactly happens after death, yet even if nothing happens, it is still a mistake to view individual life as a finite thing that stands on its own side.
Additionally, Buddhadasa Bhikku's remarks do seem to be a little off the mark, especially in regards to the Buddha's attitude. Seeing reality as it is, understanding that individual life is part of a process that encompasses all life is critically important to transcending suffering.
July 6, 2010 7:25 am
Thanks for that explanation, that is very interesting. As you might know, in Zen we don't really discuss rebirth much. Its one of those subjects that is pretty much treated as if it wasn't there. But I still find it facsinating to read about what others think of it.
July 6, 2010 7:17 am
I think that this is a really good primer on the concept of rebirth. In the Theravada tradition uses the imagery of a river where the river is made of water but it is never the same from place to play, from time to time. It is an ever evolving process held together only by continuity.
When the body passes, what is reborn into the new aggregates are dukkha and placed in their new condition by khamma. This is also true of your definition as well. Our actions and level of liberation created the conditions of our lives.


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Four times as many people are dying of bowel cancer in New Zealand as on the roads.
Nick was 50 when he was diagnosed with bowel cancer. He was given little warning. When he began to have stomach pains, the disease had already metastasised and spread to his liver. Ten months later, he was dead, leaving his wife and son, six siblings and parents to deal with the loss.
Until I heard about Nick's illness, I had mistakenly thought that bowel cancer was a disease that usually struck older men; not a man like my cousin, otherwise fit and healthy and in the prime of his life.
As his brothers and my uncles picked up spades and shovelled dirt into his grave, I thought of my cousin's words to his sister, Rose. He was sad, he told her, that his disease wasn't picked up early enough to change the course of his life journey; that New Zealand didn't have a screening programme that might have detected the huge tumour in his bowel. Says Rose: "Nick was way too young. He had no symptoms right until the cancer had spread.''
Bowel cancer is our second-biggest cancer killer, yet doctors say it is beatable if caught early. In 2015, 3081 people were diagnosed with bowel cancer and 1267 died of it. We have one of the highest rates of bowel cancer deaths in the Western world: in New Zealand, 40% of sufferers die from the disease, compared with 25% in Australia, where bowel screening has been gradually introduced over a decade.
In 2008, then Health Minister David Cunliffe gave the green light for a bowel-screening programme. That eventually led to a Waitemata District Health Board pilot, which ran from 2012 to 2017 and tested 198,000 people aged 50-70. Bowel cancer was detected in 375 of them up to March last year – the most recent results available.
However, a national roll-out of the programme will be delayed by a year and won't now be complete until June 2021, says Health Minister David Clark. The delay means up to 700 people could miss out on early diagnosis and treatment, according to Dr Chris Jackson, medical director of the Cancer Society, who says our annual bowel-cancer death toll, at four times the number killed on the roads, is a national emergency.
The hold-up springs from concern that 2500 people who should have been sent screening invitations last year as part of the pilot did not receive them. Clark says three people went on to develop bowel cancer. Tragically, one of those has died.
He has ordered an independent review of the national screening programme's IT systems; DHB staffing, equipment and capacity requirements; operational management; and clinical issues.
"New Zealand is behind many other countries in rolling out bowel screening. The intention to introduce a national screening programme was first announced in May 2008, but it was not until July last year that the first DHBs – Hutt Valley and Wairarapa – joined the national bowel screening programme.''
Questions have been raised about DHBs' readiness to carry out the increased number of colonoscopies – the examination of the bowel by the insertion through the rectum of a camera inside a fibre-optic tube – screening will lead to. Across the Tasman, where a screening programme is being put in place, Bowel Cancer Australia has expressed alarm that only 40% of those referred for a colonoscopy get one within 60 days.
A Ministry of Health spokeswoman says New Zealand doesn't want the delays that are being reported in Australia of up to six months. "This is what New Zealand has sought to avoid with the considered and staged way we are introducing the national programme and building colonoscopy capacity at the same time. There is nothing more distressing for someone to get a positive screening test and not be able to get a publicly funded colonoscopy.''
At present, screening for those without bowel-cancer symptoms comes down to where you live. Residents in Waitemata are getting screened, along with 60 to 74-year-olds in the Hutt Valley and the Wairarapa. That means just 16% of the screening age group is covered, or 107,510 of the estimated 700,000 who will eventually be eligible.
Jackson, who supports Clark's review, tries to contain his frustration at the hold-up in introducing national screening. The Dunedin-based medical oncologist, who specialises in colorectal cancer, says screening is the most critical element in fighting the disease. "But we don't want a programme that is poorly funded, and we need a system that can cope. We hope the Government commits funds to allow this to happen as soon as is possible, and that the age range is extended to 50 to 60-year-olds as well.''
In Australia, those reaching an even-number birthday from 50 to 74 are sent a bowel-screening kit; its national programme will be fully operational by 2020. In the UK, screening begins at 55, and Bowel Cancer UK is running a campaign, You're Never too Young, in response to a rising death rate from the disease among the young.
Just a start
Doctors who have helped set up the New Zealand programme say we have to start somewhere and screening those 60-plus, where the bulk of cancers will be caught, is the first step. Ministry of Health figures show that 311 of the 1223 people who died of bowel cancer in 2013 were aged 65 to 74.
Susan Parry, an Auckland gastroenterologist, is clinical director of the programme. A week after speaking to the Listener, she was due to visit Hawke's Bay, to help the DHB there as it prepares to start bowel screening later in the year. The preparation "takes about a year", she says. "It's quite an intense process." People without symptoms of bowel cancer are being screened for the disease. "We need to ensure a DHB is ready.''
Southern DHB – where more people are struck by bowel cancer than anywhere else in the country – will begin bowel screening next month. When deciding which regions get screened, Parry points to a few key factors: a DHB's capability and capacity, including meeting its colonoscopy targets; current rates of colorectal cancer; and rates in those most at risk. She is aware of the frustration at delays in national screening, and particularly the concern that cancers may now grow where they might previously have been detected and treated.
Mike Hulme-Moir, a colorectal surgeon in Waitemata, can't say enough about the merits of bowel screening after five years of it in his patch. He had the job of contacting many of the 375 people in the pilot who showed signs of having cancer. Many had no symptoms. "They were usually shocked,'' he says.
One of those was Aucklander David Vinsen*. Now 69, he runs a property investment business and is chief executive of the NZ Imported Motor Vehicle Industry Association. In 2015, he was on a work trip in Germany when he noticed blood in his faeces. Returning to his West Harbour home, he had an annual check-up with his doctor, and at the end of the session happened to mention the blood.
His doctor sent him away with a bowel screening test kit, asking him to take three faecal samples over three days and send them off to the lab. Vinsen ignored it, as the blood had abated.
A week later, his invitation to join Waitemata's screening programme arrived in the mail. His doctor's nurse phoned to chase him up. "My GP had lost his mother at the age of 54 to bowel cancer, and he later told me that no one was going to suffer the same fate under his watch.''
Vinsen sent off a sample for testing. At the time, he had no blood in his faeces and felt fantastic. He had no family history, although he wasn't a model eater, and drank a bit too much alcohol. Vinsen returned a positive test and needed a colonoscopy.
"I came to during the colonoscopy, and I remember the doctor saying, 'Oh, I don't like the look of that fella,''' he says. When a biopsy came back confirming cancer, Vinsen had surgery to remove the growth, along with 850mm of his lower bowel. He was one of the 39% whose cancer was caught at an early stage, and in his case, didn't need chemotherapy.
Vinsen then wore a colostomy bag for four months, and had further surgery to reconnect his bowel. "I changed my job description at work, and thought, 'This is the year I'm going to be buggered,''' he says.
Clear of cancer for two years, Vinsen will be considered cured if he goes five years without its return. "The crucial thing is early detection. Screening is great, because it raises our consciousness that this can happen to anyone.''
*A video about David Vinsen's cancer diagnosis and treatment has been published on the National Screening Unit website.
Hidden invader
Bowel cancer can grow and take off before any symptoms appear. It begins as a polyp, a growth on the intestine, which appears either as a flat mass or like a mushroom attached to the gut wall with a stalk. Some polyps are benign but others are malignant.
The evidence from the Waitemata DHB pilot is clear: 39% of the cancers found were at stage one, or localised; when a cancer is caught at that stage, patients have a 95% chance of survival. In the unscreened population, just 13% of bowel cancers are found at stage one, according to a 2015 Health Research Council report. And whereas 8% of cancers diagnosed during the pilot were at stage four and had spread to other organs, about a quarter of diagnoses in the unscreened population were in that category. At stage four, sufferers have just a 10% chance of surviving for five years.
Under the screening programme, 60 to 74-year-olds send in a stool sample, which is examined for traces of blood using the faecal immunochemical test (FIT). The Waitemata pilot found that men were more likely than women to have bowel cancer, and the incidence increased with age. The screening pilot's starting age of 50 has been raised by a decade for the national programme. The positivity test – the level at which a faecal sample triggers a colonoscopy – has also been lifted. The pilot programme found that 7% of those who had a colonoscopy had cancer.
Fit for purpose
According to Ian Bissett, a colorectal surgeon who chairs the Government's bowel cancer working group, the FIT test is one of the best in the world. Bissett has been detecting and removing bowel cancers for two decades. Over that time, he says, survival rates have improved, which he attributes to better treatments, surgery, diagnosis and chemotherapy.
He says the other bonus from screening is that during the pilot, surgeons found and removed polyps, including some advanced adonomas (polyps) that would have become cancerous. "So we both diagnosed cancer earlier, and we possibly prevented some cancers from occurring.''
He says other countries started with a narrow age band and then extended it. England started screening 60- to 69-year-olds, then extended the age range to 55 to 69. "That's what we will do.''
He also says that the threshold at which a further investigation is needed is still lower than other countries' – half the level that triggers a colonoscopy in Scotland, for example. "That way, you only need to do half of the colonoscopies we did in the pilot to return 80% of the cancers.''
Bissett talks about the need for a safe screening programme, referring to the importance of safe colonoscopies. When fully operational, another 8000 to 10,000 colonoscopies will need to be performed each year.
Data analysis from the pilot found 3.8 of every 1000 colonoscopies had a complication – bleeding, perforation, or tissue removal. Bissett says: "A colonoscopy has the risks of bowel preparation, sedation, the examination, biopsies and the removal of polyps. Complications can be rare but they can be life-threatening. We want to ensure those harms are outweighed by the benefits.
"I'm disappointed that it's been delayed, but I don't think it's the wrong thing to do. The roll-out is a major improvement for bowel cancer in New Zealand. It's good news, and maybe it's not as fast as we would like, but I believe we will have the best-quality screening programme in the world.'' It's a point backed by Hulme-Moir. "You don't want an endoscopist thinking they have to rush through eight colonoscopies in an afternoon,'' he says.
Ensuring DHBs can manage the extra colonoscopies necessitated by screening is a key reason for the delay in the programme's roll-out. Since 2013, the Ministry of Health says the gastroenterology workforce has been expanded to cope with additional colonoscopies. Four nurse-endoscopists are being trained to do colonoscopies and five gastroenterology trainees have been added to the workforce. The UK has nurse endoscopists, but they do only a small number of procedures, says Bissett.
Bogs and sunflowers
Ian Foggo has bowel cancer and likens the experience to walking through a meadow. He might stroll past sunflowers along the way. Occasionally, he strikes a bog. But all the while, the 75-year-old retired orchardist knows that a cross and a cliff are waiting for him at the end. Whether he crashes to the bottom, or falls softly and gently, is the big unknown.
Foggo was diagnosed with advanced, incurable bowel cancer a year ago. By the time the stomach pains he mistook for gallstones alerted him that something was wrong, it was too late. The cancer had spread from his bowel to his liver and was already at stage four. His oncologist told him there was no point operating unless his bowel became blocked.
Since the diagnosis, the Tauranga father and grandfather has encountered several bogs and the occasional field of sunflowers. The first 21 days of chemotherapy were hell. He spent 14 days in hospital; after six weeks, he had lost 14kg. The chemotherapy dose was adjusted and he began to feel better. He had a joyous Christmas with his wife, Diane, two daughters, Penny and Suzie, and their partners and his grandchildren.
Until he was diagnosed, Foggo had been fit and healthy and a frequent gym-goer. He had retired in January last year, and two months later, he spent his first week in hospital. But Foggo is philosophical. Eighteen years ago, he survived a triple heart bypass. The years since have seemed like a gift. He is full of praise for his medical team.
Even so, he thinks that he would have got screened had the programme been in place. "I'm the sort of person who, if something like that is available, I would have done it. I would encourage anyone who has it available to do it. I had no prior warning.''
Every eight weeks, he has a scan, and his oncologist thinks his tumour has remained static. "I get tired easily. It's been hell on the family. We now can't do things we planned to do in our retirement. It's hard for those around you.''
When screening is finally rolled out, the ministry expects 500 to 700 people will be diagnosed with bowel cancer each year. It says the programme has been developed over a number of years with input from experts and advisory groups and it has received international endorsement. Says Bissett: "Ten years down the track, we will see that screening is a huge step forward.''
A matter of trust
The programme arrives almost 20 years after breast screening began in 1998. Cervical-cancer screening was introduced even earlier, in 1990.
I's coming much later than the Cancer Society's Jackson and others would like. The society made its first statement in support of screening in 2010, although it said it should happen only if the health workforce could cope with the additional colonoscopies and treatment. It is now calling for increased transparency, and milestone reporting showing where DHBs are up to as they prepare to screen the country's baby boomers.
"Some of the trials showing that screening reduces deaths from bowel cancer reported results in the 1990s, so it has been a long time coming," says Jackson. "As a country with one of the highest bowel-cancer death rates in the world, we would have liked screening to have been rolled out much earlier than it has been.''
Says Parry, the programme's clinical leader: "The whole aim of screening, and why it saves lives, is that it picks up bowel cancer at an early stage, where the outcomes are better. My main concern is that the trust and confidence of New Zealanders in screening is not eroded.
"We do feel that this delay is in the best interests of the country. We would all – including me – like the roll-out to be sooner. But we have to live with what is achievable and safe.''
This article was first published in the March 17, 2018 issue of the New Zealand Listener.


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Posts Tagged 'currency war'
how to devaluate money?
why devaluate ? because it could make your currency more competitive. in other word, devaluation could make your export cheaper than any other country. as a consequence, it could also cause trade imbalance. especially with other countries that the currency is not competitive.
according to recent slate coverage about the currency war issue, there are various ways to devaluate money. first, government could devaluate its currency by print more money. second, government could devaluate its currency by buying another countries debt. there are many more complex strategy to devaluate money. but those two are the most effective strategy.
currency war: the defitinion
i have read slate coverage about the latest currency war. slate wrote an inspiring coverage about the fundamental knowledge of the war. therefore, the article mainly talking about the definition, the basic knowledge that is needed to move to a more serious discussion about the currency war.
A "currency war" is just a headline writer's term for what economists describe as "competitive devaluation." It's helpful, in this context, to think of a dollar or a euro—any currency, really—as just another product: Its value goes up and down according to market forces. At any given time, any given currency exists in a global market determined by supply (how much of a currency exists) and demand (how much investors want to buy goods and assets denominated in that currency).
currency war
currency manipulation is the government's new weapon. as BBC said, it is government's new weapon for the battle for economic recovery. many country have tried to undervalue their currency to raise the level of competitiveness of the currency. no wonder, some expert call it "competitive devaluation"
the issue now evoke intense debate among money expert. there are two main position on the debate. first, government said that currency manipulation will raise the competitiveness of certain domestic economy. second, some money expert said that such manipulation will be dangerous for the recovery battle itself. therefore, the issue will be a hot topic for the next G-20 meeting in Seoul, South Korea.


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A momentous week lies ahead.
Against all odds, a significant Republican caucus has developed for moving ahead with Medicaid expansion in Arkansas. The rational Republican recognizes the folly of leaving federal billions for other states, while Arkansas, among the most needy, stands on principle and rejects the benefits. The rational Republican acknowledges, too, the hypocrisy factor. The entirety of the Republican campaign in 2012 was to demonize the foreign black man in the White House and particularly his health care plan. That tactic had demonstrable positive impact in the change of Arkansas to a majority Republican legislature.
But the rational are, first, acknowledging that Obamacare is the law of the land. Best to make the best of a bad situation. Not cut off noses to spite faces. And so forth. So they've worked to devise ways to make the medicine go down easier. Thus, the "private option" — never mind that it was an approach Obama himself favored years ago. Thus much talk of preventing fraud and fingerprinting Medicaid recipients and reducing the rolls of "real" Medicaid. Plus, don't forget that taking the federal money will pay for tax cuts for rich people.
The Republicans working against tall odds to put Arkansas on board a plan with undeniable benefits to hospitals, doctors, nurses, the health industry, insurance companies and, almost forgot, hundreds of thousands of working poor people are deserving of praise. Can they bring along enough colleagues to meet the 75-vote minimum in the House? Nobody knows for sure just yet. It should be the cliched no-brainer. But brains have been trumped by emotion repeatedly in the Guns, God and Fetuses Legislative Session of 2013.
All of which is a long runup to an item only meant to make note, with the video above, of the powerful forces at work against reason. The video is from the Arkansas chapter of Americans for Prosperity. It is but one of the political lobbies funded by the billionaire Koch brothers. They hate taxes, hate government regulation and love government support for things like pipelines that carry dangerous Canadian tar sands to their Gulf coast refinery for shipment in finished products to China.
The Kochs and their organization spent at least $1 million, and probably much more through all their alliances and complementary efforts, to elect the Republican majority. Now the pressure is on for their beneficiaries to return their financial favors by voting against an expansion of health care coverage for working Arkansas people and their families. Interestingly, the Kochs haven't been too successful in the Senate, where some of their biggest money was spent on key battles in both primaries and the general election.
Who will govern Arkansas if her own people do not? This week may give a partial answer.
PS — Thought of the Kochs also today reading about one of their many-tentacled influence groups, the American Legislative Exchange Council. It produces cookie-cutter Koch philosophy legislation for introduction by willing state legislators. Did you know their work includes efforts to stymie the work of people fighting animal cruelty? ALEC is behind the effort to make it a crime to shoot undercover video of cruelty to animals. The Farm Bureau, until the Kochs came along the most retrograde lobby in Arkansas, is right in there with them on this, of course.


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Europe's debt-mired southern rim is becoming increasingly concerned by the prospect of anarchy on the streets this summer, as seething anti-austerity threatens to boil over into something more sinister.
Protests, strikes and sit-ins have long since become the norm for Greece, Italy and Spain. But some authorities are warning that rage is on the verge of tipping over into serious violence, and concerns are mounting over the knock-on effect on tourism, a vital source of income for southern Europe.
In Italy, military, police and intelligence officials are hammering out an emergency security plan for combating violent anarchy in the wake of a recent spate of violent attacks on individuals and institutions.
"The risk of escalation exists," said interior minister Annamaria Cancellieri, adding that the government was prepared to send out the armed forces to protect sensitive targets if necessary.
The Equitalia tax offices in charge of collecting unpaid debts seems to be taking the brunt of public anger. Laid-off Fiat factory workers recently occupied a tax office in Sicily, and protests outside the Naples office turned violent. Several petrol bombs were thrown against a tax office in Tuscany last week.
Last week a small but violent group of Greek and Italian anarchists claimed responsibility for kneecapping the head of Ansaldo Energia, a nuclear engineering firm owned by Finmeccanica. Roberto Adinolfi was shot in the leg as he left home for work last Monday. Authors of the letter claiming responsibility said they were the Olga cell of the Federazione Anarchiste Informale (FAI). The group said it was named after Olga Ikonomidou, one of eight anarchists jailed in Greece. They said there would be seven more attacks to avenge the jailing of the other activists.
Government officials began heightening security at approximately 400 "sensitive" locations this week, with 24-hour surveillance initiated at Finmeccanica and Equitalia tax offices, as well as for several at risk individuals. Another 1,500 soldiers were detailed to maintaining public order, bringing the total to more than 4,000. As well as corporate offices, they will protect the contested high-speed train (TAV) line under construction between Turin and Lyons, according to Corriere della Sera.
In Spain, protests have largely been peaceful, with the exception of masked radicals in Barcelona who smashed windows and lit street fires during a general strike in March. But the conservative government is taking no chances, promising to tighten up laws on public protest. Street violence, it claims, will send the country's already dangerously high bond yields soaring.
Proposals for toughening up laws include making trades unions, associations and political parties pay for any vandalism by its members during protest marches.
"I am deeply worried about the proposed changes to the law," said Cándido Méndez, head of the General Workers Union.
Sanctions for "disobeying public authorities" (meaning the police), are also set to be increased.
In Greece, bursts of anarchy and civil disobedience have sporadically infected the anti-austerity protest movement. Far from subsiding, it shows every sign of growing as Greeks prepare to head back to the polls in a climate of deepening political division and uncertainty.
"We are at the end of our tether and, of course, are planning protests and strikes against policies that have done nothing but lead to poverty and wretchedness," said Nikos Kioutsoukis, general secretary at GSEE, the country's biggest labour force.
"In the private sector, wages went down by 25.4% in 2011 alone. Overload a donkey, and as they say, its back will eventually give in."
Much, says Kioutsoukis, will depend on what government emerges next month. "If they decide to continue with measures that are taking us to the bottom of the sea," he insists, "the summer won't be hot it will be boiling."
It is a view shared in the cafes and student campuses around the capital. "The time has come to show those wankers in the IMF and EU that we are not going to take any more lying down," said Takis Tasios, a computer programmer who said he had been out of work for the past year. "I'm sick of being treated as a number by some technocrat who has no idea."
Authorities admit they are worried. Athens, once one of Europe's sleepiest capitals, now resembles a garrison town with riot police stationed on every corner. The police force is the only part of the public sector that is expanding. Greece, after all depends on tourism, and none more so than this year when unemployment has reached a record 21.7 %.
In a country with a thriving anarchist community and anti-establishment bloc, 'resistance' is a word that is never far away: it is scrawled in graffiti, large and small, over the facades of buildings nationwide.
"The system is rotten and it has to be destroyed," the KKE communist party which has also vowed to step up opposition against keeping Greece in the EU proclaimed last week. "The battle has to be unremitting."


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There were tantalizing teases from Ryan McMahon last season, including game-winning home runs in back-to-back games against the Dodgers last August.
That was not an aberration.
McMahon proved again Sunday afternoon that he's a major player in the Rockies' future. McMahon, batting cleanup, was 3-for-5 with two home runs and four RBIs as the Rockies beat the Padres, 10-5, at Coors Field to polish off a three-game sweep.
McMahon, the everyday second baseman who filled in at third base as Nolan Arenado got the day off, has driven in 80 runs, tied for second on the team with Trevor Story behind Arenado's 116. His 80 RBIs are the most by a primary second baseman (minimum 75% of games at second base) in franchise history, besting Clint Barmes' 76 RBIs in 2009.
"Looking at who I am as a player, I think my job is going to be to drive in runs," said McMahon. "That's definitely something I take extreme pride in."
McMahon drove an opposite-field, two-run homer to left-center in the third, boosting Colorado's lead to 4-1. He pulled a solo homer to right in the eighth inning to make it 9-3.
The performance was a slump-buster. McMahon entered the game 0-for-12 with seven strikeouts on the current homestand and admitted he's felt fatigue as the season winds down.
"This season is my first with 162 games and it's definitely a grind. You definitely feel it a little bit more, with altitude and all of that," he said. "But I'm trying to learn how to get through all of that. I'm trying to take recovery a little bit more serious."
McMahon played in 91 games and had 181 at-bats last season. He's played in 130 games and has 440 at-bats this season.
"It's a long physical and mental — I'm not sure grind is the right word — but it's a long season," manager Bud Black said. "And he's learning to go through it."
Rookie first baseman Josh Fuentes put a bow on Colorado's victory with a three-run homer to left in the seventh off Padres reliever David Bednar. Fuentes has homered in each of his last two starts and also smacked his first big-league double Sunday.
Colorado right-hander Chi Chi Gonzalez, trying to prove he belongs in next year's rotation, put up a peculiar line. He allowed only one run and struck out five but also walked five and needed 99 pitches (60 strikes) to get through four innings. The only run he surrendered came via a leadoff home by Luis Urias in the second.
It was Gonzalez's bat that gave the Rockies a 2-1 lead in the second. He punched a two-run single to left off San Diego's Cal Quantrill, the first hit and first RBIs of Gonzalez's career.


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Professional Soccer Teams Houston Dynamo and Dash Invest in Extreme Networks' Wi-Fi 6 Solution to Create Fan-Focused Digital ExperiencesPR Newswire — Extreme Networks, Inc.
Professional Soccer Teams Houston Dynamo and Dash Invest in Extreme Networks' Wi-Fi 6 Solution to Create Fan-Focused Digital Experiences
Next-Gen Wi-Fi at BBVA Stadium Will Enable Mobile Ticketing, Real-Time Social Sharing, and Virtual Reality Experiences
BBVA Stadium is the first MLS Stadium to Deploy Wi-Fi 6 Technology
PR Newswire
SAN JOSE, Calif., Sept. 10, 2019
SAN JOSE, Calif., Sept. 10, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Soccer fandom is sweeping the nation, from the World Cup victory by the U.S. Women's National Team to thrilling matches in Major League Soccer and the National Women's Soccer League to the thousands of fans who pack pubs and bars to watch matches from around the world every weekend. But in sports, the game itself is no longer all that attracts fans to the arena. Tech-savvy millennials expect an "Instagrammable," in-stadium experience, or else they'll stay back and watch at home. Recognizing the demands of its growing fan base, Major League Soccer's Houston Dynamo and the National Women's Soccer League's Houston Dash selected Extreme Networks, Inc. (Nasdaq: EXTR) Smart OmniEdge™ solution to provide high-density, professional-grade Wi-Fi connectivity in its home field, BBVA Stadium. The free fan Wi-Fi experience is presented by BBVA USA.
BBVA Stadium is the first MLS stadium to deploy Wi-Fi 6 technology. It will use its new Wi-Fi 6 network to enhance the game-day experience for fans of all ages; and the network will also create the opportunity to enable mobile ticketing and wireless food ordering today as well as potential future innovations such as augmented and virtual reality that will make fans feel like they are on the field. Taking it one step further, the Houston Dynamo and Dash have commissioned local street artists to design Instagram-worthy backdrops throughout the stadium to encourage real-time social sharing.
BBVA stadium holds more than 22,000 fans, puts on an average of 50 ticketed events annually, and has hosted more international soccer games than any other stadium in the United States. It is the home stadium for the Houston Dynamo and Dash soccer clubs as well as the Texas Southern College football team and has the capability to host concerts with top-name artists and performers. In deploying Extreme Elements™ from Extreme's Smart OmniEdge portfolio, teams will be able to seamlessly support mission-critical gameday operations, increase Wi-Fi capacity for their digital-native fans, and lay the foundation for BBVA Stadium to be the most forward-looking, digital soccer stadium in the United States.
Key benefits:
- High-density, professional-grade Wi-Fi 6 network: Extreme Switching™ technology and Extreme Mobility™ Wi-Fi 6 access points were designed for the most challenging and dense environments, delivering 4x greater network capacity. With this network upgrade, the Houston Dynamo can power stadium operations and support a growing number of mobile devices and bandwidth-hungry applications. The team also has sufficient capacity to segment the network so media can seamlessly upload large image and video files in real time, without jitter or latency and without impacting operations or fan experience.
- Simplified network management: With the Extreme Management Center™ application the small IT team at Houston Dynamo will be able to shift focus from network and device management to building future-looking in-stadium experiences to satisfy its millennial fanbase.
- Granular visibility and analytics: The IT team is planning to deploy ExtremeAnalytics™ technology to gain granular visibility into network and application performance, users, locations and devices. With this information, Houston Dynamo will be able to deliver personalized offerings to engaged fans, deepening relationships and driving repeat attendance.
The Houston Dynamo and Dash chose Extreme Networks based on the company's proven track record with professional and collegiate stadiums, esports arenas, and sports leagues. Extreme Networks is the Official Wi-Fi Solutions Provider of the National Football League, delivering high-density Wi-Fi or Wi-Fi analytics solutions to 25 NFL teams, and during the past six Super Bowls. Extreme's networking solutions are deployed at more than 4,500 college campuses worldwide, and the company is a leader in building digital esports arenas, as more schools and colleges look for ways to build competition-ready esports programs as part of their athletic and academic offerings.
Executive Perspectives
John Walker, President of Business Operations, Houston Dynamo and Houston Dash
"We're continually investing in and improving the fan experience at BBVA Stadium, and reliable Wi-Fi connectivity during games is table stakes for our dynamic millennial fan base. But as we look to add more devices and digital capabilities, we need a cutting-edge network that can both support greater Wi-Fi bandwidth and capacity needs and give us the freedom to innovate. By deploying Extreme Networks Wi-Fi 6 access points, we will have the ability to scale our network and support forward-looking digital initiatives that will cement our reputation as a leading destination for major league soccer in the country."
John Brams, Director of Hospitality, Sports and Entertainment, Extreme Networks
"Technology is an integral part of sports today and stadiums across the country are looking to improve their digital offerings — or risk declining attendance. But stadiums are uniquely challenging, highly density environments that require a powerful, leading-edge network. As the first vendor to offer 802.11ax access points purpose-built for stadium environments and as the official Wi-Fi solutions provider for the NFL for the last six seasons, Extreme's state-of-the-art network solutions will set Houston Dynamo up for success as they look to build innovative, tech-driven game day experiences."
Jeff Dudderar, BBVA Texas Regional Executive, BBVA USA
"BBVA USA is a smart, ambitious bank that is finding ways to reach beyond its Sunbelt frontiers and into digital ones. We want to help our partners reach into that same area. With new capabilities, BBVA Stadium is elevating its already electrifying sports and entertainment experiences. The bank is continuously focused on its role as a service organization that aims to achieve excellence in customer experience through digital differentiation, and that includes the venues it supports and cities that it calls home."
Additional Resources
- Extreme Smart OmniEdge Solution Page
- Extreme Elements Solution Page
- Sports & Public Venues Solutions Page
- Extreme NFL Microsite
- Extreme Networks Esports Solutions Page
- Connect with Extreme via Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and LinkedIn
About Extreme Networks
Extreme Networks, Inc. (EXTR) delivers software-driven solutions from the enterprise edge to the cloud that are agile, adaptive, and secure to enable digital transformation. Our 100% in-sourced services and support are number one in the industry. Even with 50,000 customers globally, including half of the Fortune 50 and some of the world's leading names in business, hospitality, retail, transportation and logistics, education, government, healthcare and manufacturing, we remain nimble and responsive to ensure customer and partner success. We call this Customer-Driven Networking™. Founded in 1996, Extreme is headquartered in San Jose, California. For more information, visit Extreme's website or call 1-888-257-3000.
Extreme Networks and the Extreme Networks logo are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Extreme Networks, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
View original content to download multimedia:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/professional-soccer-teams-houston-dynamo-and-dash-invest-in-extreme-networks-wi-fi-6-solution-to-create-fan-focused-digital-experiences-300914797.html
SOURCE Extreme Networks, Inc.


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I'm Dreaming of a White Horseneck
I had some swigs today. Oh yeah, I was feeling pretty good. No worries, no cares. The only thing on my mind was wind, waves, and where that next slug of happy juice was going to come from.
But I'll pay for it tomorrow.
Do I need to go to Horseneckaholics Anonymous?
Horseneck Beach, Kitesurfed, SSW, 16-28, 10M Rally/Mako150, with Walter, Brad, Alex, Peter, Jay, Bill, Dylan, Others.


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Resurgence of Spinal Meningitis in the U.S.
Meningitis is making an unwelcome comeback in the United States as several recent cases linked to steroid spinal injections have killed 14 people and sickened at least 170 others in 10 states to date. Officials with the CDC say that the infections were passed through steroid drug injections containing a fungus known as Aspergillus. So the infection is not believed to be transferred from person-to-person. The incubation period ranges from a few days to four weeks after injection.
The contaminated drug is said to have been shipped to 75 hospitals and clinics in 23 states, with cases reported so far in Tennessee (which, with 26, has the most cases), Michigan, North Carolina, Florida, Virginia and Maryland. Infected patients had each received a treatment for back pain called a lumbar epidural steroid injection. An infectious disease expert at Vanderbilt University, Dr. William Schaffner, had this to say about expectations about the infections this year: "I'm afraid we're going to see many more cases spread across the country."
Labeled Methylprednisolone Acetate, the solution was produced by the New England Compounding Center in Massachusetts. The lot numbers of the potentially contaminated drug include: 05212012@68,06292012@26, and 08102012@51.
Doctors urge anyone who has undergone spinal epidural injection treatment during the past few months to seek immediate medical attention if they suspect they are suffering any symptoms. Caused by a fungus normally found in leaf mold, Fungal Meningitis can cause mild stroke-like symptoms, including slurred speech and difficulty walking and urinating. Other symptoms include worsening and severe headache, nausea, dizziness and fever.
Treatment includes high-dose antifungal medications, usually administered intravenously in a hospital, with success tied closely to the speed of diagnosis and treatment. The outbreak has raised concerns about the safety of a method used by millions to offset severe back pain. Sterile drugs and equipment are essential for the procedure because epidural injections involve inserting a needle directly into a part of the body that is an avenue for efficient germ delivery directly to the brain.
The New York Times and Time Magazine and USA Today report:
- One clinic in Tennessee, where most of that state's patients in the outbreak so far were infected, had received 2,000 vials of the drug.
- Also in Tennessee, some hospitalized patients are recovering and walking the halls, while others are severely ill and in intensive care units,
- In reaction to one verified infection, the North Carolina Board of Pharmacy suspended one company's business permits.
- Although the New England Center has not yet responded to the story, information about the steroids previously available on their website no longer appears.
- Fungal infections are notoriously stubborn and hard to treat, requiring powerful drugs that can produce harsh side effects.
- Most patients will need six months to a year of treatment to eliminate the infection.
"Given the severity of illness," said director of the FDA office of compliance, we believe precautionary measures are warranted to protect public health."
Unless you have recently undergone spinal injection therapy for chronic acute back pain, you will likely easily avoid this particular outbreak of Fungal Meningitis. However, according to the Meningitis Foundation of America, there are essentially two distinct types of Meningitis: aseptic and bacterial. And, unfortunately, meningitis cases are not delivered exclusively by contaminated epidural injections. To avoid contracting meningitis of any kind, observe these safety precautions:
1. Practice good hygiene!
- Don't share food, glasses, water bottles, or eating utensils.
- Don't share tissues, handkerchiefs or towels.
- Don't share lip balm, lip gloss or lipstick.
- Wash your hands often with soap and hot water
2. Beef up your immune system.
- Eat a well-balanced diet rich in lean proteins, complex carbohydrates and fresh fruits and vegetables.
- Exercise on a regular basis.
- Get plenty of sleep.
- Don't smoke, drink or use drugs.
3. Seek medical advice about whether your children ages 11-12 are good candidates for vaccine. (Generally, vaccines are only necessary and effective if a teenager is exposed to meningitis during an outbreak, is traveling or living where a meningococcal disease is common, if the child is a military recruit, or if your son or daughter has an immune disorder or a damaged or missing spleen.)
When a disaster strikes, prior planning and clear decisive action can help save lives. For the latest emergency management training for facility/building managers, contact Allied Universal, Inc. Our new Version 3.0 system offers the best emergency training system.
Tags: BE SAFE, meningitis outbreak, spinal meningitis, tainted spinal injections


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Launching an apprenticeship programme at Wrexham recycling company Mainetti has improved productivity and workforce morale and reduced staff turnover. The company has a multi-national workforce of 230 and recycles garment hangers for major retailers. Productivity has increased 20 per cent since the company began its apprenticeship programme.
"We see upskilling, training and apprenticeships as a way of rewarding staff and we work hard to try to integrate everyone into the team because being able to communicate well plays a huge role in the success of every part of work life and increases wellbeing."


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Perform secretarial duties using specific knowledge of medical terminology and hospital, clinic, or laboratory procedures. Duties may include scheduling appointments, billing patients, and compiling and recording medical charts, reports, and correspondence.
This ONet occupational category includes the apprenticeship occupation(s) listed below. For each occupation, the table links you to details about one or more Registered Apprenticeship program(s) in


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Sunday, 11 July 2010
Scientists seek inspiration from gecko feet design for tiny robots
These feet are made for walking on all kinds of surfaces. Image courtesy of Bjørn Christian Tørrissen, Wikipedia.
Joel Kontinen
Gecko feet are so well designed that they are able to walk on almost all kinds of surfaces without slipping, even upside down on ceilings. The feet of these little lizards are covered with tiny hair-like structures called setae. (There are 14,000 setae per square millimetre), and they make use of weak van der Waals forces to keep their feet firmly on any surface.
A research team made up of American and South Korean scientists is trying to use the gecko feet design as a model to build a tiny robot that could walk up on all kinds of surfaces.
Once again, scientists seek to model their gadgets on what they see in nature. Unfortunately, they often assume that the ingenious solutions found in nature are the result of random processes.
In real life design always requires a designer and information always requires a sender.
Reproducing nanoscale surfaces with adhesion properties similar to gecko footpad. Physorg. com 29 June 2010.
Lähettänyt bwanajoe klo 12:00
Tunnisteet: evolution, geckos, intelligent design


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Photography Classes in Panama NE
Are you looking to learn about photography in Panama NE? Whether you are a hobbyist, professional, or beginner, the best way to improve your photography technique is through hands-on classes with skilled instructors.
There are numerous recognized and accredited photography schools in Nebraska. Photography classes cover topics like digital capture, lighting techniques, exposure, composition, outdoor photography, and many other basic and advanced camera techniques. Becoming an experienced photographer can pave the road to a booming professional career or lifelong hobby.
There are numerous Photography Classes in Panama NE:
- Panama Studio Photography Classes
- Panama Photography 101
- Panama Digital Photography Classes
- Panama Nature Photography Classes
- Panama Editorial Photography Classes
Panama NE Photography Classes
Metropolitan Community College Area
30 & Fort Street
Omaha, Nebraska 68111-1610
Phone: (402) 457-2400
55.86 miles away
Highland Community College
606 W Main
Highland, Kansas 66035-4165
Phone: (785) 442-6000
83.11 miles away
Morningside College
1501 Morningside Ave
Sioux City, Iowa 51106-1751
Phone: (712) 274-5000
129.85 miles away
Western Iowa Tech Community College
4647 Stone Ave
Sioux City, Iowa 51102-5199
Phone: (712) 274-6400
130.15 miles away
The Art Institutes International–Kansas City
8202 Melrose Drive
Lenexa, Kansas 66214-1625
Phone: (866) 530-8508
147.39 miles away
Kansas City Art Institute
4415 Warwick Blvd
Kansas City, Missouri 64111-1874
Phone: (816) 472-4852
148.26 miles away
Calvary Bible College and Theological Seminary
15800 Calvary Road
Kansas City, Missouri 64147-1341
Phone: (816) 322-0110
160.33 miles away
Grand View University
1200 Grandview Ave
Des Moines, Iowa 50316
Phone: (515) 263-2800
167.03 miles away
Des Moines Area Community College
2006 Ankeny Blvd
Ankeny, Iowa 50023-3993
Phone: (515) 964-6241
171.00 miles away
Northwest Iowa Community College
603 W Park St
Sheldon, Iowa 51201
Phone: (712) 324-5061
181.82 miles away


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Smarten Up
Your Building
Smart data for a comfortable climate
MeteoViva Climate - the smart data solution to a make your building smarter.
MeteoViva Cockpit – Your control center
Building managers and operations personnel use MeteoViva Cockpit, an encrypted Internet portal as a control center. From the cockpit, one can set the desired climate for each zone, visualize measured data and analyze energy consumption. In addition, MeteoViva Cockpit continuous monitoring helps detect equipment faults, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
Start saving on Day One with MeteoViva Climate.
Before you make your investment decision, MeteoViva will guarantee minimum savings, virtually eliminating all decision risks. In addition, and at the customer's option, the setup can be financed through the savings, eliminating any up-front costs and allowing for immediate positive cash flows.


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We are grateful to so many for thinking of our families during this holiday season. We have been blessed with longtime partners who, for the last 28 years, have ensured the desires of our women and children are met in the form of toys, books, clothes, or outerwear and they have renewed their commitment for this year. Our families have many needs that are not typically met by holiday donation drives and this is where we really could use your passion and commitment.
Often when our families move in they have no more than the clothes on their backs. And when they move from here to their own apartment, they do not have the disposable income needed to set up a new home. The collection of items to make up baskets of kitchen, bedroom, bathroom, cleaning, laundry, or personal care necessities is something that will make a tremendous impact in their everyday lives. Discover how you can help meet some of their needs by putting together a basket of exactly what our families need!
Due to privacy and safety concerns, we do not release the names of the individuals we are serving. Once we receive your basket, however, our staff will personalize with names and distribute the gifts accordingly.
To ensure we are able to distribute the gifts to our families in advance of Christmas, we ask that all donations be delivered, or arrangements made for pick up, no later than December 15.
The gifts that are donated are given to each family to wrap and put under their own tree to allow our mothers to feel a part of the giving process for their families. Additionally, we like to ensure they are distributed as equitably as possible at the same time, a week before Christmas.
We are excited to have individuals in our community, like you, who wish to give back to families in in need during this special time of year. Thank you for helping to make this a memorable holiday for all involved.


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Property Location
With a stay at Sugar Palm Residence in Phuket, you'll be close to Chinpracha House and Phuket Butterfly Garden and Insect World. This hotel is within close proximity of Surakul Stadium and Phuket Weekend Market.
Make yourself at home in one of the 101 guestrooms featuring free minibar items and LCD televisions. Rooms have private balconies. Cable television is provided for your entertainment. Conveniences include safes and coffee/tea makers, and housekeeping is provided daily.
Rec, Spa, Premium Amenities
Don't miss out on recreational opportunities including an outdoor pool and a fitness center.
Business, Other Amenities
Free self parking is available onsite.
Are you affiliated with Sugar Palm Residence? Apply to the Hotel WiFi Connect program to take control of your account, improve your hotel's confidence score and ranking.
© 2013-2016 Hotel WiFi Test Inc.


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Protest Goes Global
France dramatically illustrates the political turnaround. When right-wing president Sarkozy was elected in May 2007 to thoroughly 'Thatcherise' the country, the media saw it as a spectacular defeat for the workers movement and the left. But when on January 29 2.5 million demonstrated on the streets during a one-day general strike, Sarkozy's cabinet referred to it as 'Black Thursday', well understanding the huge defeat for Sarkozy it represented.
As the global crisis deepens every continent is being engulfed by unrest, with panic buttons being pushed even by ultra-repressive governments such as those in China and Russia.
When the Global Justice movement started at the beginning of the decade socialists debated how to extend support for its anti-neoliberal politics in the labour movement in the west and worldwide. Global economic meltdown has provided the answer.
Capitalism's biggest economic crisis
In all likelihood this crash is the worst economic crisis in the history of capitalism and while its duration cannot be predicted by anyone, a short-term fix is impossible. Because the engine of neoliberal globalisation was ever-larger amounts of credit, the current destruction of the mountain of fictitious capital means the system lacks a mechanism for stabilisation and regrowth. Cutting interest rates no longer works because they are effectively already zero; the only option left, particularly in Britain, is so-called 'quantitative easing' – printing money, stoking up potentially dangerous inflation.
Even if the global economy reaches a temporary stabilisation in two or three year's time, it cannot be a stabilisation at anything like the rates of economic growth seen in the last two decades, if only because of the huge debt mountain. A long wave with an undertone of recession is certain, and could last for decades, paralleling the long depression at the end of the 19th century.
Meanwhile millions of people worldwide face life-ruining catastrophe. According to the New York Times:
"Worldwide job losses from the recession that started in the United States in December 2007 could hit a staggering 50 million by the end of 2009, according to the International Labor Organization, a United Nations agency. The slowdown has already claimed 3.6 million American jobs.
"High unemployment rates, especially among young workers, have led to protests in countries as varied as Latvia, Chile, Greece, Bulgaria and Iceland and contributed to strikes in Britain and France."
In such a catastrophic economic and social situation political instability and mass protest is inevitable and unstoppable. The problem is what these protests will lead to. Who will take the leadership of them? What will be their demands? What will be the political outcomes? And how can the left respond?
India and China centre of global revolt
Understanding the way that global revolt is likely to unfold means looking at the context in which neoliberal globalisation went into crisis. Behind the nonsense about the 'nice decades' is the reality that economic expansion affected different social classes differently and that that gap between rich and poor grew exponentially almost everywhere in the world. Hundreds of millions of people understand this and anger is at fever pitch in many countries.
Economic deregulation from the mid-1980s onwards led to the further enrichment of the superrich elite whose philistine, narcissistic, wasteful and environmentally catastrophic hedonism is on show for all to see. From the new superrich in China, the billionaire Punjabi yuppies (Puppies) in India, the drug-financed ultra-rich in Latin America, mafia-capitalists in Russia and the Balkans, gold-encrusted sheikhs in Dubai and Saudi, tax evading bankers in the US to Britain's own tax-fiddling billionaires, the gap between rich and poor has never been greater.
Neoliberalism and corruption have gone hand-in-hand. But beyond corruption, the general workings of neoliberal globalisation have created a small percentage of winners and a massive percentage of losers.
In China economic growth has been achieved at the expense of millions of rural poor whose land has been seized or have been dragooned into becoming itinerant labourers in the big cities paid poverty wages. The abuse of power and corruption has become the norm, leading to violent protests. Three examples from 2008 show what's happening:
* a huge demonstration and riot in Guzhou province, southwest China. As many as 30,000 people mobilised in response to claims that police had covered up the alleged rape and murder of a teenage girl; cars and government buildings were set on fire (see Li Datong, "The Weng'an model: China's fix-it governance", 30 July 2008).
* a three-day demonstration by hundreds of migrant workers in Zhejiang province, eastern China. The protest began on 10 July after the arrest of one of their number by police.
* an attack on a police station and local administrative offices on 17 July by more than a hundred people near Huizhou, Guangdong province. This was sparked by rumours that a motorcyclist had been beaten to death by the police. In the confrontation, one person was killed and ten injured." (1)
This kind of incident illustrates the elemental, spontaneous nature of the China protests, targeting the police, party bosses and the courts, who always line up behind the increasingly gansterised rich.
In India economic growth has been massive but the beneficiaries relatively few. Anupam Mukerji points out:
"In the last 12 years, India's economy has grown at an average annual rate of about 7 percent, reducing poverty by 10 percent. However, 40 percent of the world's poor still live in India, and 28 percent of the country's population continues to live below the poverty line. More than one third live on less than a dollar a day, and 80 percent live on less than two dollars a day. India's recent economic growth has been attributed to the service industry, but 60 percent of the workforce remains in agriculture.
"The rate of increasing disparity between the 'haves' and the 'have-nots', is hard to miss in tech centres like Bangalore, Chennai and Delhi. Technology professionals are returning, having made their millions in the US. They are driving expensive cars and living in luxury apartments. Cities are growing in all directions. Farmlands are being acquired to build luxury townships, golf courses, five star hotels, spas and clubs. Poor farmers get paid off, and are forced to move further away from the city. And while global leaders and businessmen wax eloquent about India's growing status as an IT superpower, everyone turns a blind eye to the majority of the population untouched by the economic growth."(2)
The result of this, massively underreported in the West, is armed rebellion. According to Professor Paul Rogers:
"A striking and largely unexpected feature of these years, however, has been the continued and increasing vigour of the rebellion by the Naxalite guerrilla movement (see Ajai Sahni, "India and its Maoists: failure and success", 20 March 2007).
The Naxalite rebellion, named after one of the original villages involved (Naxalbari in West Bengal) originated in 1967. Its political leadership developed its ideology and strategy from Maoism, though its appeal to its militants and supporters may often have owed more to its defence of their rights and interests rather than to its propaganda. In any event, it was long regarded as being more a persistent but barely effective irritant rather than a serious threat – until a few years of surprisingly rapid expansion; to the extent that India's prime minister Manmohan Singh described the Naxalites in April 2006 as 'he biggest internal security challenge ever faced by our country'." (3)
Much of the Naxalite revolt is centred in rural areas outside the spotlight of urban-banned news agencies. However it is much more socially significant than, for example, the recent Mumbai terrorist attacks.
Russian billionaires in trouble
Former Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov, who heads a liberal opposition political party, has predicted mass protests in Russia this summer as the economic crisis worsens.
He said mass protests will begin "when people in Russia realize that they are in a deep economic hole…In less than half a year, when the current leadership has spent all the money, there will be nothing left in the arsenal to engage with the public except batons and the use of force."
Russia's economic crisis has been deepened by both world recession and then sharp decline in energy prices which a year ago were holding crisis at bay. Now, horror of horrors, the number of Russian billionaires has declined from 101 to 49. The situation is vividly illustrated by a Sky News investigation in the industrial town of Chelyabinsk, a city in the Urals built around the engineering industry, where unemployment is soaring. The report says;
"Inside the massive Mechel steel factory, one of the biggest in Russia, they have had to cut production. Some 70% of the steel it produces is exported around the world to markets in America, Europe and Africa. But as those economies sink deeper into recession the orders have been drying up. The plant's managing director, Sergey Malashev, told Sky News everybody is worrying about how bad the crisis will get.
In Chelyabinsk, a city in the Urals built around the metals industry, unemployment is soaring. Inside the massive Mechel steel factory, one of the biggest in Russia, they have had to cut production. Some 70% of the steel it produces is exported around the world to markets in America, Europe and Africa.
But as those economies sink deeper into recession the orders have been drying up. The plant's managing director, Sergey Malashev, told Sky News everybody is worrying about how bad the crisis will get. "We produced 360,000 tonnes of output per month on average but in the crisis months this came down to 290,000 tonnes – up to a 25% reduction," he said. "This is not the worst result other metal plants in Russia saw their output go down by 50 or 60%."
"The Mechel plant has not had to make any staff redundant but other workers in Chelyabinsk have not been so lucky. Thousands have been laid off in the last few months and the prospect of finding new jobs is not good. "A weary Oleg Kuznetsov told us: "I am brick layer, out of work. My friends who still have work have their working hours and pay slashed in half, others are on unpaid leave. Almost everyone I know has been affected."
These same comments could be repeated for thousands of towns and cities across Russia. In dozens of Russia's monotowns (towns with one central factory or industry, it's the same story. The automobile and metal industries have been particularly hard hit as the crisis has taken hold, and monotowns are particularly vulnerable. If the factory closes down or experiences trouble, the future of the entire settlement comes into question.
It's because of this that protests demonstrations have cascaded throughout the centre and east of the country. Although Western media chose to use photos of demonstrators from the National Bolshevik Party, a far right caricature of Stalinism, few of the protesters were from the organised far right, and many more from Communist and 'democratic' groups. But their influence is so far small. The road to cohering anything like a coherent political or social opposition will be a protracted one in Russia. But social desperation is likely to lead to mass protest and, given the nature of the Putin-Medvedev regime, vicious repression.
According to Der Spiegel:
"The real threat comes from another direction. The Kremlin fears that members of the middle class, loyal Putin supporters, will withdraw their support if the prosperity of recent years vanishes. In December alone, disposable income sank by 11.6 percent, and 5.8 million people are already officially unemployed. Arkady Dvorkovich, economic advisor to President Medvedev, believes that the unofficial figure is closer to 20 million."
Europe: confronting neoliberalism
Three governments in Europe have now fallen because of the crisis – in Belgium, Latvia and Iceland. In some ways the fall of the Iceland government at the end of January was the most emblematic event of the crisis so far. With a tiny population of 320,000 Iceland is not a 'normal' European state – about the size of two London boroughs. But the bankruptcy of any state is a sensational event. Iceland went bust because the political leaders bet everything on the financial system, turning their state into a high interest rate lending bank.
The collapse of the Icelandic banks has been catastrophic for the Icelandic population. Thousands have had their savings completely wiped out and unemployment is now soaring. The government fell because of the outrage of the population and what was virtually a people's insurrection. On a small scale it paralleled the bankruptcy of Argentina in 2000-1 and the consequent collapse of the government there.
According to the Washington Post: "Protests have mounted throughout Europe, where the political backlash to the crisis is growing. In Ireland, Britain, Spain and other countries where bankruptcies and home foreclosures are rising, polls show that approval ratings of leaders are sinking. In Eastern Europe and Greece, where there is less of a government safety net, protesters have spilled onto the streets by the thousands. Last month's collapse of the Belgian government, which had been wrestling with long-standing conflicts, was also hastened by the banking crisis, analysts said. Perhaps nowhere has the economic crash been more spectacular than Iceland, an island with 300,000 residents on the edge of the Arctic Circle. Last fall, its largest banks went bust and the value of its currency plummeted. In recent days, protests intensified as no leader took responsibility for the crash, prompting police to use tear gas for the first time in half a century." Last year UNESCO ranked Iceland as number one in its international quality of life index, which seems now like a sick joke.
A new historical period
With the onset of the credit crunch in 2007 the world entered into a new historical period. Every aspect of economics and politics will be shaken up, especially as the economic crisis combines with the ecological crisis to create a major crossroads in human civilisation.
The political dimension of the anti-neoliberal protest movement is uneven worldwide, but almost everywhere new spaces for radical and anti-capitalist politics are opening up. The US and Britain, centres of neoliberalism, are lagging behind, but given the depth of the crisis and the numbers of workers and youth likely to be excluded from the workforce or victims of welfare cutbacks, some form of new radicalisation will certainly occur over time.
For the left, the key is to develop mass politics that gores in an anti-capitalist direction. This is a period that shows the bankruptcy of Keynesianism and well as neoliberalism. Leading British Keynesian theorist Will Hutton, a strong critic of neoliberalism and Thatcherism, can think of nothing better than to act as a cheerleader for Gordon Brown as his government robs billions from present and future taxpayers to bail out the crooks who run the banks.
We should remember the however the global context in which the crisis the takes place – at end of a 25-year period of neoliberal offensive in which the workers movement and socialism as an ideology have taken a fearful battering. This means that in some places the left is not well placed –in the short term – to fill the vacuum left by the crisis of mainstream politics.
Bourgeois politics will doubtless swivel towards what Walden Bellow has called 'Global Social Democracy'; but mainly this will probably not be attempts at social concessions, but state intervention in the economy; Barack Obama's policies in the US are a perfect example. After all, even Nicholas Sarkozy says "laissez-faire capitalism is dead".
Changing capitalist politics can lead to some odd results. In China for example the planned increase in the minimum wage has been postponed, but the government has been handing out 'red envelopes' of cash payment to the poor. On many consumer goods shoppers can now get a 13% discount to encourage them to buy. But none of this will do anything to help the millions made unemployed; those forced into casualised hire-by-the-day jobs where workers are picked out from pens for 10 hours at pittance wages in scenes reminiscent of the 1930s docks in Britain; the millions of graduates who will not get jobs, like many of the 6 million will graduate this year; or the armies of migrant workers losing their jobs at a breathtaking rate and forced into homeless desperation.
Global Social Democracy may become an aspiration but social democracy needs huge resources to create social programmes. That's its problem; without social programmes it becomes mere government economic management without addressing the roots of the problem. Capitalist politics of any type cannot solve this crisis; only solutions based on national planning, social solidarity and ecological conversion banishing wasteful luxury 'consumerism' (including its close partner militarism) can face the crisis.
Left versus right
Among the protests movements and hundreds of millions of enraged citizens major opportunities will be created for reactionary as well as progressive social forces. For example, in Hungary the crisis is impacting worse on the Roma population who are the victims of repeated pogroms in which more than a dozen people have been murdered and which is fuelling the growth of the far-right Jobbick party (and its paramilitary wing the Hungarian Guard).
In Sarajevo ethnic conflict is being stoked up again by the rise of Islamism backed by millions of Saudi dollars. Anti-Turkish racism is on the rise again in Bulgaria.
In a swathe of the former eastern bloc nationalism and racism continue as potent threats. In France, by contrast, the crisis has not benefited the far-right Front National, a party whose economic programme concentrates on tax-cutting measures to suit its middle-class base. And in Germany the far right, while having some appeal among sections of lumpenised youth and reactionary middle classes, is weak compared with the left and especially Die Linke.
But the political shape of protest can change rapidly – we are at the beginning of the movement, not the end of it. As we have seen with the recent protests against social dumping by bringing in Italian and Portuguese contract workers to the Total refinery in Lincolnshire, a progressive movement can throw up reactionary or nationalistic sentiments along with progressive ones. That is inevitable in all major struggles in the real world and happens in many strikes and protest movements unequivocally supported by the left. For socialists it is important to be able to discern the real issues involved and contest with the right and reactionaries for leadership of the movement.
For the left to take the leadership at a national level means the creation of political parties that can have a state-wide political impact with a viable programme that favours the workers and the other popular sectors of the population. In some cases this means, for the moment, simply a political regroupment dominated by left social democratic ideas like Die Linke in Germany. In other places where mass politics are more advanced it is possible to create anti-capitalist parties with broad support in the short term, like the New Anti-capitalist Party in France. The best instrument for this process in England and Wales is Respect, which, while taking the side of the of the workers and poor on decisive questions, is ideologically not yet a consistently anti-capitalist party with some sectors of its support conforming to a left social democratic approach, while allowing crucial space for class struggle and anti-capitalist politics.
Anarchism and the politics of rage
Almost nowhere however will the fight for political leadership simply be between the left, the far right and/or religious fundamentalists. This global movement, prefigured by the movement in Argentina in 2001-2, will be powered by rage and desperation as life savings go up in smoke, purchasing power collapses and hundreds of millions head for the dole queue (or more likely in many places the soup kitchen).
Desperation and rage on their own create riots and social confrontation, not necessarily political programmes and parties capable of inspiring millions over a long period. The explosions in Greece and Iceland demonstrate the power of spontaneous indignation and upsurge. The politics of anarchism – explicit or otherwise – can come to the fore in these situations. This can also be aided by the natural distrust among the abused and desperate of all 'politicians' and 'parties', without making any distinctions.
In Greece the movement, although supported by the left and workers movement, had anarchists among its important leadership groups. But without building a sustained left political party, anarchist leadership can lead to movements simply dying out after the latest explosion. Anarchist politics can be explosive, but modern anarchism, unlike some of its historical predecessors, is mainly a label given to the anti-authoritarian moods of the youth and lacks staying power. Upsurges, trashing elite shops and spectacular riots can be contained if they lead to no permanent political results.
There's a storm coming….
In April 2007 a British military think tank published a report for the next 30 years predicting growing chaos as the environment degraded and people became exasperated by the huge gap between rich and poor. The report predicted the growing influence of Marxism as the middle classes became revolutionary, the emergence of 'flash-mobs' of criminals, protesters and terrorists and a growing centrality for the environmental movement.
Some aspects of this report were certainly one-sided and exaggerated. But like a previous and similar report by the Pentagon, this report revealed a lot about the thinking of the political and intelligence elites of Western capitalism. Their self-confidence for the long term has been shaken by emerging environmental catastrophe and now growing economic collapse. We are a world away from the self-confidence and self-satisfied smugness of the 'Golden Age' in the 1950s and '60s. Today everything is being shaken and thrown in the air. "All that is solid melts into air, all that is holy is profaned." Capitalism's crisis is a huge opportunity for socialist and environmentalist politics, with dreadful consequences if those politics fail.
Phil Hearse
1) http://www.opendemocracy.net/article/china-and-india-heartlands-of-global-protest
2) Ibid
3) Op cit.


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A major step in integrating OpenJDK code. One of the bottlenecks was the fact that currently OpenJDK is missing most of the crypto code, but thanks to the IcedTea project I've been able to integrate the OpenJDK java.security package and packages that depend on the crypto code (like java.net). I've also rewritten all socket implementation classes (both classic and nio) based on the OpenJDK code. FileChannelImpl and the direct and mapped byte buffers still need to be converted.
Some of the integrated packages don't have any back-end implementation (e.g. smartcardio and jgss). I'm not likely to implement smartcard support and will revisit the security and crypto stuff once Sun releases the crypto code.
Disclaimers apply. I haven't done a full test pass on this build.
Binaries available here: ikvmbin-hybrid-0.35.2763.zip.
Remember Me
I apologize for the lameness of this, but the comment spam was driving me nuts.
In order to be able to post a comment, you need to answer a simple question. Hopefully this question
is easy enough not to annoy serious commenters, but hard enough to keep the spammers away.
Anti-Spam Question: What method on java.lang.System returns an object's original hashcode (i.e. the
one that would be returned by java.lang.Object.hashCode() if it wasn't overridden)? (case is significant)
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Magicscreen Back (Rear) Screen Protector: Crystal Clear edition
Our Magicscreen Back (Rear) Screen Protector: Crystal Clear edition protects the back of your device from scratches and leaves no markings when removed.
- Easy to apply: no cutting required
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- Trapped dust can be removed using adhesive tape (see our application tutorial video)
Pack Contents:
2 x Magicscreen screen protector (BACK): Crystal Clear edition
1 x Microfibre cleaning cloth
1 x smoothing card
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Just as described, easy to use, great instructions and all the necessary bits included. I am, and will continue to be, a repeat customer.
Ordered my goods & received them in less than 24 hours, with email confirmation. Couldn't ask for anything more.
I bought the Media Devil screen protectors for my iPhone 4S & decided I liked the idea of the back of the phone having the same protection. As with the screen protector the back protector went on as per instructions & had no air bubbles & I'm reassured that I've got a bit of protection on the back of my phone.
Fantastic service & product.
I purchased the rear protector after having a good experience with the crystal clear front protector. It arrived promptly and I did the usual, clearing a space to work, dusting the area, and giving the back of the phone a really thorough clean with the microfibre cloth.
I started applying the protector (watch the videos first), but my alignment was slightly off. Not a problem as the entire protector had not gone all the way on yet. I lifted and straightened up the alignment, but shock horror, got a piece of dust under there. Used a piece of tape to remove it (works a treat), and finished applying. Shock horror again, a small hair was stuck under there, and I had already laid the entire protector down. Used a piece of tape to lift the protector, and another piece of tape to remove the hair. The result is now absolutely flawless.
That is what I love about these protectors, you can get a perfect job, even when you think it starts going wrong. My front cover I applied with no problems. I guess with the back cover, I didn't dust my table sufficiently - but still got a perfect result.
The best tips I can give are these...
1) Watch the video first.
2) Have some tape on standby.
3) Take your time.
4) Don't panic
Tip 4 is the most important. You can always get these protectors down correctly, just don't panic!
Going to order the iPad 4g one now as I'm so impressed with the iphone ones.
Easy to apply, fits perfectly, looks and feels great.


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Having heard many concerts with the Northern Chamber Orchestra I was thrilled to be asked to write a piece for them: this was the first time I'd written a piece for a large ensemble without a conductor, so that posed a new challenge! 'A Celebration' is a positive observation of life in general; five short movements over eighteen minutes, embracing humour, poeticism, energy, unpredictability, some introspection and finally joy. The piece is dedicated to the memory of my father who possessed all these characteristics in abundance.
Adam Gorb
12.4.14 Heritage Centre, Macclesfield: Northern Chamber Orchestra/Nicholas Ward


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- The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
- Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 22, Issue 2, 1 Mar 1973, p. 223 - 228
Renal manifestations of leprosy: Impaired acidification and concentration of urine in patients with leprosy *
A variety of diseases, sharing only hypergammaglobulinemia in common, are associated with impaired urinary-concentrating ability and with impaired urinary acidification after acid-loading. Forty-seven patients with leprosy were studied to determine whether or not elevated concentrations of serum globulins are related causally to abnormal distal renal tubular function. In nine patients, urinary pH did not decrease appropriately in response to NH4Cl. Two of these patients and five more without defective acidification were unable to adequately concentrate the urine after water deprivation and vasopressin administration. These defects were unrelated to the type of leprosy, to the concentrations of serum globulins or individual immunoglobulins, to the presence of rheumatoid factor or cryoglobulins, or to the administration of diaminodiphenylsulfone. Renal biopsy specimens from six patients with impaired urinary acidification and/or concentration showed no interstitial inflammatory cell infiltrates or other abnormalities. Impaired distal renal tubular function in patients with leprosy may be another of the nonspecific immunologic abnormalities that have been encountered in patients with this disease.


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I tell you it's been kinda liberating. I could have easily followed this slippery slope and completely given up on this thing, but, i don't know, there's this compulsion i have to it. And it's really only for me. But now we're settled, we have internet, school is on a mid-semester break, so i'll continue.
Tuesday, March 19th
Bad for good – Jim Steinman
Wednesday, March 20th
Keiko no namida – Nishimura Tomomi
Thursday, March 21st
Bored teenagers – The Adverts
Friday, March 22nd
Superman – Look & Listen
Saturday, March 23rd
Playdough – The Aquabats
Sunday, March 24th
Opposite horizons -Managra
Monday, March 25th
Mismatched couples – Teresa Carpio
Tuesday, March 26th
Head gone astray – The Soup Dragons
Wednesday, March 27th
Sputnik mon amour – Band a Part
Thursday, March 28th
Ice cream – f(x)
Friday, March 29th
Ready to go – Look & Listen
Saturday, March 30th
Aishuu no Carnival – Kawai Sonoko
Sunday, March 31st
Cuttie pie – L'Trimm
Monday, April 1st
Guess i should've kicked his head in – The Haywains
Tuesday, April 2nd
Wakasugita koi – Moritaka Chisato
Wednesday, April 3rd
Arashi no yoru no serenade – Kudo Shizuka
Thursday, April 4th
Manly – Camperdown and Out
Friday, April 5th
The morning fog – Kate Bush
Saturday, April 6th
West Riding House – Boyracer
Sunday, April 7th
Nemo – Assfactor 4
Monday, April 8th
I don't suppose i'll get a second chance – Another Sunny Day
Tuesday, April 9th
Miss Candy Twist – Dolly Mixture
Wednesday, April 10th
Fushigi TOKYO Cinderalla – Saint Four
Thursday, April 11th
On the spines of old cathedrals – Shrag


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Hollis Local Development Corp. welcomes extra help to aid in the maintenance and continual growth of the Hollis Avenue corridor.
You can volunteer a few hours a week or a few hours a month depending on your schedule. Please call or email us to get more information.
Volunteer Opportunities
Beautification Volunteer
Volunteers will participate in a joint effort of planting and general maintenance of the Gladys Warren Triangle and the Hollis Playground landscaped areas.
Business Facilitator Volunteer
Volunteers will participate in facilitating communications with businesses, elected officials and community.
Community Clean Up Volunteer
Volunteers will participate in a joint effort of general cleaning, including the disposal of trash and other unwanted materials, in the area of Hollis Avenue.
Need more information or want to become part of the volunteer team? Contact us:
Phone: 646-707-9187
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Hollis Local Development Corp.
Hollis, NY 11423


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I've been wanting to write something about this for a while but haven't quiet had the time. It's a topic I want to delve into more completely, but for now this short review will have to do.
Antioxidants are everywhere. They are being portrayed almost as a super cure. Are they good things? Yes. But once again we underestimate our body.
The villain in this battle is Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), or as called in the press, free radicals. These ROS are the enemies. All sorts of claims have been made about how bad these things are and a whole industry has arisen around the good guys, antioxidants, which get rid of the ROS. Some have gone so far as to warn about the effects of intense aerobic exercise because it increases ROS. Once again, we have a situation where we initially overemphasize and overeact to a discovery.
Recently, more and more research has come down the line that show that ROS aren't necessarily as bad as we initially thought. FOr a good, but complex, summary of the findings, read this journal article:
Combining the findings that ROS are stimuli for signalling pathways for adaptations with what I talked about last blog, that glycogen depletion is a stimuli, you have to wonder about some of our accepted nutrition practices.
Should we be trying to minimize glycogen depletion/ROS with nutrition during or right after a workout? I don't know the answer, and it is certainly a complex one, but in certain situations I'd say don't. I've already talked about glycogen depletion, but how many times do you see people taking antioxidants right after a workout or even a mixed drink with antioxidants during. Could this have some sort of impact on the signalling pathway? Definately, but how much and what exactly is unknown at this time. My general recomendation for antioxidants would probably be to not take any during training and probably not immediately after a workout. A short time post workout might aid in recovery once the signalling is under way. (Quick Note: I'm talking about large doses such as a Vitamin C supplement, not those found in natural foods such as fruit.)
This goes further than just glycogen depletion and ROS. Remember that some sort of damage or buildup is often the stimulus that leads to adaptation. Another example is that muscle tearing is huge in hypertrophy. The key thing to take away is to remember what your stimulus is for the workout and what you are trying to accomplish. Often times, fatigue or its by products are the keys to subsequent adaptation. Minimize them in a race. But maybe not in practice.


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Page 1054
Acts and Ordinances of the Interregnum, 1642-1660. Originally published by His Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1911.
This free content was digitised by double rekeying. All rights reserved.
December, 1647.
[24 December, 1647.]
Each Committee for monthly assessment of £60,000 to name general receiver.; His salary.
Be it Ordered and Ordained by the Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament, That power be given to the Commissioners nominated in the severall Counties in the Ordinance for the Monthly Assessments of 60,0001. to nominate in each particular County a Generall Receiver, who shall receive the Assessements of the said County from the particular Collectors and Subcollectors; And that the said Generall Receiver of each Particular County doe transmit the Monies by him received unto the Treasurers at Warres, and that the said Treasurers at Warres doe allow unto the said Receiver-Generall in each County, a Salary for his Paines, not exceeding one Penny in the pound upon his Account.


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Edited by Eli Eliav
ISSN 0033-6572 (print) • ISSN 1936-7163 (online)
March 2011
42 , Issue
Overdenture restoration in a growing patient with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: A clinical report
Ahran Pae, DMD, MSD, PhD/Kyu Kim, DMD, MSD/Hyeong-Seob Kim, DMD, MSD, PhD/Kung-Rock Kwon, DMD, MSD, PhD
Ectodermal dysplasia is a hereditary disorder of ectodermal origin. A 12-year-old boy was referred for management of the oral manifestations of his ectodermal dysplasia. An overdenture retained by natural teeth for the maxilla and a double-crown�retained denture for the mandible were made. Double-crown�retained dentures may be modified into complete dentures if the abutment teeth are lost. The patient was instructed to maintain oral hygiene and return periodically for follow-up visits. This report describes a potential routine approach to restoring the appearance, function, and psyche of a growing boy with ectodermal dysplasia. (Quintessence Int 2011;42:235�238)
Key words: ectodermal dysplasia, double-crown�retained denture, growing patient, overdenture, prosthetic treatment
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Location: 2172 Rayburn House Office Building, Washington, DC 20515
Marie Bernard, M.D.
Deputy Director, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health
Roger Glass, M.D.
Director, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health
Mary Mittelman, Dr.P.H.
Research Professor, Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Family Support Program, New York University
- HHRG-115-FA16-Wstate-MittelmanM-20171129.pdf
- HHRG-115-FA16-TTF-MittelmanM-20171129.pdf
- HHRG-115-FA16-Bio-MittelmanM-20171129.pdf
Richard Mohs, Ph.D.
Chief Scientific Officer, Global Alzheimer's Platform Foundation
- HHRG-115-FA16-Wstate-MohsR-20171129.pdf
- HHRG-115-FA16-TTF-MohsR-20171129.pdf
- HHRG-115-FA16-Bio-MohsR-20171129.pdf
Mr. Michael Splaine
Principal, Splaine Consulting