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Where is the mountain? What about the lake?
+ On Saturday, September 8, the 44th annual Heritage Fair – or Utschtallung – will be celebrated at Heritage Village in Mountain Lake, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Admission is free. To get in the spirit of the day, below are some "short-takes" from Mountain Lake's history book and photo album.
The first white settler to the Mountain Lake area, William Mason, arrived in the area in 1865, staking his claim on land in the midst of a shallow, mud-bottomed 900-acre lake with three islands, located two miles southeast of the city. The two smaller islands just broke the water's surface. The third much larger, higher island looked to Mason like a mountain rising from the lake. He named the lake, Mountain Lake and the largest island, Mountain Island (he called the smaller islands Big Bug and Little Bug).
The lake was home to much wildlife, including many bullheads and pickerel in the waters, plus deer, elk, fox, mink, otter and wolves. Many native shrubs added to the mountain beauty. Wild grapes, chokecherries, gooseberries and currants grew in abundance.
Mason, a hunter and trapper, built a log cabin on the island, and brought his wife to the new home. The couple lived in the island cabin for about three years, during which time their daughter was born.
Other early homesteaders included Joseph Bean and George B. Walker and the Peter Hunstads, as well as Alfred A. Soule, a Frenchman from Kentucky, who purchased land on the north side of the lake from Mason in 1869.
When the Sioux City and St. Paul Railroad (today, Union Pacific) came in 1871 Mason insisted that the train stop-turned-village being platted be named Mountain Lake. The railroad had selected Midway as the name of the village since it was the midway points on its tracks between St. Paul, Minnesota and Sioux City, Iowa.
Mason eventually won.
In the 1890s, there was an attempt to turn the mountain into a lakeshore resort. The demand for more tillable land and construction advances led to the draining and demise of the lake in 1905-1906. After the lake was drained, the land was farmed – first as the spot to grow vegetables for the city's canning factory and later as the location for growing sunflowers, whose seeds were locally roasted and salted and turned into sunflower seeds.
These seeds, popular during the mid-to-late '20s and throughout the '30s into the early '40s – were the innovation of the ingenious George P. Neufeld and Reinhold Rupp. Neufeld owned the Mountain Lake Variety Store (later the Ben Franklin Store) and opened up The Electric Roaster Shop in the rear of the building. (Today, Mountain Lake Floral is located in that building.)
Rupp handled the roasting duties, while Neufeld was the marketer, sending the finished product out in vending machines across Minnesota, South Dakota, North Dakota and part of Montana. (One of those vending machines is on display in the depot at Heritage Village.)
They were originally known by their "old country" Russian/Low German name – "knack seeds" – as well as Russian peanuts, but a contest in the local newspaper came up with a new twist. Neufeld settled on the suggested Latin name, "solflora seeds" – "sol" that comes from solar (the sun) which described the flowers' bright yellow color and "flora" for flower.
In the biggest year for the business, 42,000 pounds of seeds were roasted and salted.
Eventually, the business was sold to the Fisher Nut Company – and became popular as sunflower seeds.
However, the history of that lake – even before Mason – has been carbon-dated to perhaps 100 B. C. – the Fox Lake Indians also had a home – a winter home – on that same island of land. That dwelling was 20 feet in diameter. It was in 1976 that Joe P. Hudak and a number of student archeologists from the the Science Museum of Minnesota in St. Paul came to the mountain and peeled back 15 inches of topsoil near the south end of the island to make the find. Near the center of the dwelling, near the pole, were concentrations of pieces of a pottery vessel. Around the area where the cooking fie was believed to have been, a substantial quantity of stone chips were recovered. This indicates that someone worked there fashioning projectile points and stone knives. The Fox Lake Indians used the large projectile points as thrusting sticks and spears. Additionally found was a fire hearth, ceramic vessels, an ex, rock sofa – and a refuse pit of bison and fish bones.
That is the "mountain" in the city's name.
And what about today's lake?
After the original lake was drained, there was no lake in Mountain Lake for nearly three decades. The current Mountain Lake was built by the Work Progress Administration during the New Deal days. In 1937, a nine-foot earthen dam and outlet was constructed to create a man-made Mountain Lake – made complete, too, with an island.
Following the completion of the railroad, the area settled rapidly, with the arrival of nearly 1,800 Russian Mennonite immigrants between 1873-1880. That emigration was followed a few years later with the addition of Russian Lutheran immigrants. The town was not officially incorporated until 1886, however.
The Mountain Lake of today enjoys a strong sense of its past while looking to its future. The historical Heritage Village, on the city's southeastern edge, remembers the challenges German and Russian immigrants faced as they built new lives in a new land.
The city and area's earliest history is encapsulated at Heritage Village, located at the southeast corner of the city. And each year, on the second Saturday in September – this year, Saturday, September 13 – the Village and the history captured within it – comes alive during the annual Utschtallung. This year will be the 40th such celebration – the first Heritage Fair held in 1972.
The descendants of those 19th century immigrants now enjoy a culturally diverse community with the recent addition of Mountain Lake's newest immigrants – the Laotian, Hispanic and Hmong.
The community continues to reflect the agricultural base on which it was founded, but is also well served with a growing industrial base.
To honor and preserve those first years, following are photos of Mountain Lake from that era:
AN EARLY MENNONITE farm, circa 1873.
LOADS OF GRAIN shocks are ready and waiting for their turn to unload at the threshing machine.
A THRESHING CREW. Crews started work as soon as the first fields of grain shocks were ready to thresh in the middle of July. The steam tractors used to run the threshing rigs used five tanks of water (300 gallons each) and it took 15 loads of straw to burn and heat the water each day.
HENRY J. JANZEN, who farmed southeast of Mountain Lake, using his trusty tractor to pull a three-bottom plow as he got fall plowing done.
MOUNTAIN LAKE'S FIRST railroad depot, which was used until 1900. (Actually, the very first railway station was located two miles east of Mountain Lake, placed there by the Sioux City and St. Paul Railroad. The railroad wanted to name the new village Midway, as it was midway between Sioux City, Iowa and St. Paul, Minnesota. However, William Mason, this area's first white settler, wanted to name the town Mountain Lake, after the lake and the large island that rose like a "mountain" located southeast of today's city. And . . . we all know who won that battle!)
A GROUP OF male Mountain Lake residents- from young-to-old – await the arrival of the next train at the Mountain Lake Railroad Depot. The first Mountain Lake "station" – built of logs – was located three miles east of the city, but this depot was built along the tracks within the platted village limits in 1900 was used daily until 1972. It is now a welcoming sight at Heritage Village.
A COUNTY SCHOOL held a picnic at the original Mountain Lake that was located southeast of the city.
THESES THREE ENJOYED a successful day fishing at the original Mountain Lake, as evidenced by their line strung full with fish. Bullheads and pickerel comprised the majority of fish caught out of the shallow, mud-bottomed body of water.
ANOTHER PHOTO OF a successful fishing trip to the original Mountain Lake. No need for "fish tales" here. ACCORDING TO IRENE Holmes, the people with the fishing success for the day include, from left, Mrs. C. J. Brown, Art Kliewer (Irene's uncle), C. J. Brown (a photographer in Mountain Lake in its early years), Viola Kliewer (Irene's mother), Dave Kliewer (Irene's uncle) and Marie (Toews) Kliewer (Irene's grandmother – and the mother of Art, Dave and Viola).
THE CURRENT MOUNTAIN Lake, located northwest of the city, was built by the Work Progress Administration during the New Deal days. In 1937, a nine-foot earthen dam and outlet was constructed to create a man-made Mountain Lake – made complete, too, with its own island. Above is a 1950s-era photo looking at the island from the swimming beach which was located at the lake's southeastern corner.
THE FIRST PUBLIC school in Mountain Lake was built in 1880 – a one-story building for 16 pupils. In 1890, a second floor was added. It was located where the current Parkwood Estates is located.
THE SECOND PUBLIC school building, built in 1903, is pictured above. The school – at 12th Street and 4th Avenue – was constructed at a cost of $32,000. Building began in 1903 and dedicated in January 1904. The first full year, with grade 12 added, was in 1904-1905, with the first high school graduating class in spring 1905.
MOUNTAIN LAKE'S FIRST basketball games in 1910 were played in what was known as the "hayloft," the third story (or attic) of the school building. Pictured are, from left, Pete Schroeder, Dave Vogt, Superintendent and Coach H. Griebenow, Pete Gunther, Ben Schroeder and Frank Balzer Jr.
A MAY DAY (May 1) 1914 celebration on the grounds of the public school.
THIS PHOTO SHOWS Peter P. Buhr collecting students for the public school in 1921, along his three-mile route. During the winter, foot warmers helped keep the students' feet warm. The school district had three such buses. A few years later, this type of box was put on a truck chassis.
MOUNTAIN LAKE PUBLIC School as it looked pre-1957 – without the two building project additions of the elementary, auditorium/gymnasium, swimming pool and elementary gym and high school classrooms. Pictured are, front, the 1940 addition and back, the 1930 addition. Not visible is the remodeled 1903 original building.
PHOTO FROM THE "old gym" of the 1930 public school building addition during the Laker season of 1938. Mountain Lake defeated St. James, 30-19. Lakers (in white), from left, Gerhard Buhr (partially hidden), Eddy Derksen and Dave Nickel (behind). (Photo from the collection of Mike Nelson)
ACTION AT THE gym's south basket from the same game. Lakers are Ruben Epp, left, Dave Nickel, center and Eddy Derksen, right. (Photo from the collection of Mike Nelson)
THE GERMAN SCHOOL (now Mountain Lake Christian) building was dedicated on October 12, 1901. It had three departments – "Unterstube" (grades 1-3), "Mittelstube" (grades 4-6) and "Oberstube" (grades 7-8). Reverend J. J. Balzer was the first principal, with Henry Bachman, the first teacher.
TO ACCOMMODATE OUT-of-town and out-of-state students, a dormitory was provided when the former First Mennonite Church building was moved in to the right of the school in 1912. It was remodeled to house students, with the basement converted into a dining hall. Students were seated a long tables in the basement dining hall, as pictured above.
THIS WAS MOUNTAIN Lake's first general store. It was built by Abram Penner in 1876.
A TRIO OF men stop to "chew the fat" over the day's news in front of the Frank Balzer Lumber Yard in 1888.
HERMAN KREMMIN AND Frank Derksen were coffin makers for the young Village of Mountain Lake.
A VIEW OF the exterior of the Mountain Lake Cannery – a canning factory begun in Mountain Lake in 1908. It was located one or two blocks west of the train depot (which was located along the tracks at 10th Street). It was a vegetable processing plant. The plant closed after a few seasons of operation.
AN INTERIOR VIEW of the canning portion of the canning factory. The vegetables processed were grown in the drained lake bottom of the original Mountain Lake (drained in 1905-1906).
A MOMENT IN time caught forever for posterity – green bean stringers at work at the canning factory – stringers of both sexes and all ages.
MOUNTAIN LAKE ALSO once had a flour mill. David Ewert started the flour mill in 1870 south of the railroad track right-of-way on the east side of 10th Street and the depot. The mill was a three-story frame structure that produced two grades of flour, with a capacity of 60 barrels. To be profitable, it had to sell at least one train carload of flour per week to other outlets. The two types of flour marketed were "White Rose" – the top grade – and "Snowflake" – the second grade. They also produced rye and buckwheat flour. In addition to flour milling and feed grinding operations at the mill, an electric generator was added to the steam plant. This was used to run the mill – and to supply Mountain Lake with its first electricity. This was later taken over by the Interstate Power Company. Hiebert operated the mill for about 12 years. from 1884 to 1913, it changed hands a number of times.s In 1913, a group of Mountain Lake businessmen purchased the operation, after which it became known as Mountain Lake Milling Company.
THE OFFICE FOR the Mountain Lake Milling Company was hidden in the back. Neighborhood children enjoyed running on the long ramp. Wind power (see windmill at right) pumped water for the mill.
TWO MALE EMPLOYEES supervise the milling process in the Mountain Lake Milling Company.


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This week, CMAT 211 participants laid out children's stories in book format using InDesign. This is a follow up to the Bawlmer zine layout that they completed last week. With this publication we're looking for:
- consistency through repetition of various design elements,
- contrast created using graphics, type and color,
- uniform and logical alignment of pages and page elements, and
- grouping–considering proximity where relevant–of like design or type elements

subset: commoncrawl


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If you are in the market for a coffee maker priced under $100 – there's several models available which produce a great tasting brew. To help you find the perfect coffee maker for your particular needs, we've compiled a list of the top coffee makers broken into three categories: drip, espresso and french press.
Important note – it's recommend that you don't scrimp when buying your coffee grinder. Achieving a consistent, high quality grind is vital to producing the best tasting coffee every time.
We hope you enjoy our buying guide and it helps you find the best coffee maker under $100.
- Best Drip Coffee Maker under $100 Dollars
- Best Drip Coffee Maker under $50 Dollars
- Best French Press Coffee Maker
- Top Rated Budget Espresso Machines
|Suitable for
|Our rating
|Simple to use Coffee maker
|(4.3 / 5)
|Hamilton Beach
|Buyers who want their coffee fast!
|(4.3 / 5)
Best Drip Coffee Maker under $100 Dollars
KRUPS KM730D Breakfast Set Coffee Maker
Perfect for large families or offices with it's 12 cup serve. A very good cup of coffee for a really low price.
- Drip Brewer
Krups 12 cup auto coffee maker will keep your whole family sufficiently caffeinated at the push of a button. Produced by Krups who have been producing high quality drip brewers for decades – and it shows from the features included in this low priced model.
A few of the features which make this coffee maker a buyers favorite:
- Countdown timer to let you know how old the coffee is. Perfect for large households to avoid wasting coffee and saves time making a fresh brew when it's unnecessary.
- Functionality which makes it easy for users of any experience level to make a coffee. Great tasting coffee without a lot of bells and whistles.
- 12 cups is a lot of coffee!
Included in the package:
- 12-cup coffee maker with programmable clock to set the daily start time
- Aroma function for more intense extraction
- 2-hour keep warm with count up timer to let you know the time since brewing completed
- Pause and serve feature lets you remove carafe at any time during the brew cycle to serve
- Removable filter holder; coffee spoon included; 1050 watts; 2-year worldwide warranty
Best Drip Coffee Maker under $50 Dollars
Hamilton Beach 12-Cup Digital Coffee Maker
Perfect for caffeine addicts who want their coffee in a hurry!
- Drip Brewer
Hamilton Beach 12-Cup Digital Coffeemaker's have been designed to make brewing great coffee fast and simple.
This coffee maker features adjustable brewing with bold, regular and a number of cup options. Included is an adjustable 'keep warm' function which ensures that you'll never drink a cold cup of coffee. The removable water reservoir design has an automatic pause and serve feature so you can grab your first cup of coffee while the rest of the pot brews.
With drip-free pouring, a programmable clock with two hour automatic shutoff, swing-out brew basket with release button and a non-stick warmer plate, this digital coffeemaker has everything you need.
Wake up to your favorite blend or brew with this reliable 12-Cup coffeemaker.
Black & Decker DCM18S Brew 'n Go Personal Coffeemaker with Travel Mug
Perfect for coffee lovers who don't want the hassle of disposable filters.
- Drip Brewer
If you don't get a lot of spare time in the mornings, Black and Decker's coffee maker is worth considering. They've included an 18 ounce travel mug which keeps your coffee warm while you travel to work.
Black and Decker's permanent filter also means you wont have to worry about the added cost and frustration of disposable filters.
Included in the package:
- Personal coffeemaker brews directly into 15-ounce travel mug
- Stainless-steel mug tapered to fit most vehicle cup holders
- Permanent filter eliminates need for disposable paper filters
- Auto shut-off; dishwasher-safe mug, mug lid, filter, and filter basket
- Measures 9-3/4 by 7 by 6 inches, 1-year warranty
Best French Press Coffee Maker
SterlingPro French Coffee Press
Perfect for pressed coffee fans. We rate the SterlingPro as the top French Press on the market.
- French Press
If you prefer coffee straight off the French press, look no further than the Sterling Pro, one of the best selling french press makers over the past few years.
For under $30 it's the perfect backup coffee maker to your primary machine.
Top Rated Budget Espresso Machines
Aeropress Coffee and Espresso Maker
Perfect for buyers wanting a cutting edge coffee maker design, which produces a fast shot every time.
- Press Brewer
The Aeropress coffee maker has taken the market by storm due to it's low price and ultra-fast serving time (under one minute).
Usually a slower brewing time is required to make the best tasting cup of coffee, but this coffee maker produces not only fast coffee, but great tasting coffee as well. The trick is that it uses a special filter and just the right amount of air pressure to get the coffee finished quicker than its competitors.
Included in the package:
- Using the ideal water temperature and gentle air pressure brewing yields rich flavor with lower acidity and without bitterness.
- Total immersion brewing results in uniform extraction of the ultimate in full coffee flavor.
- Micro filtered for grit free coffee – unlike other press-type coffee makers.
- One minute from start to enjoy. The actual press time takes only 20 seconds.
With over 4,000 reviews and best selling status on Amazon, the Aeropress maker deserves serious consideration when buying a budget coffee maker.
Mr. Coffee ECMP50 Espresso/Cappuccino Maker
Perfect for buyers seeking a machine which can brew two coffees at the same time.
- Espresso and cappuccino maker
Have the ability to make coffeehouse quality espressos and cappuccinos in the comfort of your own home. The Mr. Coffee 15-bar pump espresso maker delivers high-quality drinks at the touch of a button. The thermal block heater makes brewing faster and a removable water reservoir makes it easier to get started.
Choose a single or double shot portafilter for serving size options. When a cappuccino or latte order is up, use the frother to quickly steam milk up to a creamy finish. Removable 40 oz. water reservoir makes filling easy. Includes tamping tool and recipes.
- 15-Bar Pump System uses powerful pressure to extract a dark, rich espresso brew
- Frothing Arm makes creamy froth to top off your cappuccinos and lattes
- Dual-Shot Brewing to make 2 single shots at once
- Thermal Block Heating System provides barista-speed brewing and even heating
- The Drip Catcher is a removable, washable drip tray to collect coffee drips and keep brew space neat and clean
- Removable 40-Ounce Water Reservoir fills easily to conveniently brew shot after shot"
- One-Touch Brew and Steam Controls and Ready Indicator Lights make brewing fast and easy
- Includes Single Shot Filter, Double Shot Filter
Although the Mr Coffee machine comes with a plastic tamper, I'd recommend buying a $5 stainless steel version which should last you for years. (recommended tamper)
Best Features:
- You no longer have to remove the water container to fill it up. It's an awkward shape to try to fill from my refrigerator. So I just use my frothing pitcher and pour directly into it. This also chills the pitcher – which is good for the frothing I'll do soon.
- I LOVE the top tray. I store my espresso cup, tamper (from the old machine – the new one is the only downgrade I've noticed), brew basket, and espresso pitchers on it. Did I mention I love the tray? It's a great design perk.
- It still heats up quickly. A little faster than before for frothing.
- Upgraded the design of the filters. Smaller holes that all converge into one hole on the bottom. Note: Don't put these or the brew basket in the dishwasher – you'll tarnish them.
- The bottom of the brew basket is really cool, the single hole from the filter drips onto a silicone (I'm assuming) cone in the basket which appears to guarantee an even drip between two cups of espresso.


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Whether you are rightful protrusive out and want to leasing an employee for your new commercial or your firm has fully grown and the involve for help is eminent, in attendance are individual holding you requirement to know previously you get into the hiring process. This set of articles will donate you next to the intelligence you inevitability to gather round this rebel and obviate the pitfalls.
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An member of staff differs from a sub-contractor. A sub-contractor will sweat for more than one client, have a defined business, publicize for work, have signage, have common susceptibility protection and maybe working person expiation insurance, will have a firm phone, business organisation cards, stationery and contracts. A sub-contractor will too trade name their own hours, find out the trade to be through and will afford their own tools and materials prerequisite to complete the tough grind. If no of these criteria are in play, you are hiring an employee and by this means stipulation to congregate all of the television journalism and eligible requirements of an employer.Post ads:
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Needing A Finger On The Property Pulse
Currently there are several houses in my immediate vicinity that are proudly exhibiting a newly installed Sold sign. What is all the more remarkable is that these have not thus far shown any of the original for sale signs – assuming the agents don't actually hold a long register of ready cash buyers for every house here that goes on the market. There must be a premium to owning one of these houses though, there are always cards and flyers through the door that ask if we're interested in selling as they have customers wanting to buy.
This constant change in house owners is balanced by an equally bouyant rental market. So many properties are needed every year just to come a little way near to the number of people trying to rent or buy flats. Good news for the home and property market sites. They can reliably predict that house sales and rental yields are all maxing out totally.


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You can be happy right here right now.
That is challenging. To be happy suddenly is challenging because there are something you cling on even your luxury treasures and your beloved people. There are some current problems you are not courage enough to let go. It is the ego that stops you to let go.
This book is written is mainly to help you understand the nature of happiness, life and its meaning.
Life is purposeless. If you set any purpose, you will challenge yourself. You create problem by your own. Frankly, the problem has never existed until it is created by you, and you are going to find the solution to it. It is the never-ending desire. You play with yourself. You trouble yourself. By giving up on any troubles, you are the happiest, and the happiest is the strongest!
Life is short. There is nothing worthwhile to be worried.
Life is not the problem to be solved. It is the reality to be experienced, in the other word, to live with. Be open. Always experience the new things. Life is the experiment. Don't be sad on the failure. It is the sign to tell your true self. You should celebrate rather than upset. Whenever you fail or feel stressful, give up. That is the sign telling you that what you are doing is not your nature. Change until you find the experience that you are doing simply easily with low effort. If you cannot think the next good thing you would like to do if you give up, continue what you are currently doing. That is your true nature. See? Giving up will fasten you to find your true meaning of life, and drop all unnecessary worries.
When you find yourself, be it.
Don't try to become others or fake to be them.
Like Oscar Wilde said, "Be yourself, everyone else is already taken." You are so unique that you cannot copy others and they cannot copy you. When you are yourself, confidence comes. When you fake or even try to become the perfect person, you may fear that you will not do things well. When you are yourself, you can do what is the nature of you automatically. The confident have never claimed themselves that they are.
When you are yourself, there is nothing to hide and lie. If everyone is themselves, real love exists.
Real love comes when you are real!
No matter why you are depressed, you are wrong. I don't listen to your excuse not to be able to be happy no matter how reasonable they are. Life is for happiness. Nothing can explain it otherwise it is not happiness. The nature of happiness is totally opposite to the nature of suffering. Suffering has its causes that you can create or eliminate. When they are eliminated, you will feel less suffered NOT HAPPIER!
Happiness is weird. There is nothing you can do to create happiness. Otherwise happiness will always depend on something or someone. When it comes to you, you are happy. When it goes from you, you are unhappy. It is as if it can control the happiness.
You cannot be free when the happiness is still depended on others.
Happiness is rude person who come to your home without telling you but you always welcome him like your friends. For suffering, you may ask why it happens to you and end the cause. For happiness, you cannot ask why you are happy. Try greeting people. When they say they are fine, ask them why. They will find it so hard to answer. That is why happiness is not something you can pursue.
Therefore, be aware of your own desire and feeling. When it comes, accept and let go. Desire has never been real. If you watch it, it won't stand for long. It is unreal. It is created by your mind. Happiness cannot come when mind still works. The state of no-mind will let the happiness come.
Just live, laugh and love, and everyday is the happy day.
Good news: My second Book is published in Amazon, and it is free ONLY IN THIS WEEKEND. Click "here"


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People choose the Danish style of modern furniture if they want to bring out a clean and pure look in their house interiors. For many modern homeowners, these Scandinavian furniture styles are all the rage nowadays. They make for very cool as well as crisp looking home interiors which are filled with beautiful and clean modern wooden furniture. The Danish furniture online is typically made with monochromatic accents and where some splashes of color are included in the furniture design, it is generally muted.
The most distinctive feature of the modern Danish furniture is that it is very structured and in many cases, almost architectural in its attention to detail as well as purity in the design. The Danish furniture online is generally minimalist in look with very clean lines and will perfectly into the modern and spacious home interiors. The simplicity and elegance of the design mean that you do not have to grapple with much "noise" in the design or too much detail. If you are looking for simplicity or minimalist modern furniture, then the Danish furniture online will be an ideal option for you.
They generally include color along with plenty of cushions in order to provide for maximum comfort in the furniture design. Apart from the plenty of cushions, the modern Danish furniture typically goes with white curtains although there are many color choices that you can opt for depending on the furniture color that you prefer. An interior, that is furnished with modern Danish furniture is generally spacious and airy as the furniture pieces do not entail too much clutter.
Origins of the Danish Furniture
The origin of the iconic Danish gorgeous furniture pieces lies in the roaring twenties when many modern designers also began embracing the Bauhaus philosophy in design that puts a great emphasis on simplicity, beauty, and functionality. The expert Danish designers built modern furniture pieces that were simple, clean and pure and which were shaped around the human body in order to provide maximum comfort when someone sitting on them.
These pieces had such a massive impact on our tastes that many of the designs that were rolled out in the 50s and 60s are still in demand in the modern homes and are still being produced today. This is aided by the fact that the Danish designers and the craftsmen have a passion for good quality and good design. This makes the Danish pieces of top notch quality, a factor that contributes to their great desirability around the world.
With the Danish gorgeous furniture pieces, you will be able to get excellent quality furniture designs which are guaranteed to improve the quality of your life.
They can fit well in home interiors with white walls and white floors where they create a very clean and simple monochromatic look. Where there is some "interruption" in this uniformity of the look, it is likely to be in the form of a muted color choice. You can buy Danish furniture online that are of the highest quality by visiting http://ghify.com/collections/danish-furniture-online.


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People love to invade Malta. The Mediterranean island nation, situated between Sicily and Tunisia, counts among its unwelcome guests the Romans, the Ottomans, Napoleon and, in the early 20th century, hundreds of Russian aristocrats fleeing the fall of the czarist autocracy. For the most part, the Maltese were having none of this. Napoleon was forced out after just two years, and the Knights of Malta — effectively, and against all odds — defeated the Ottoman Empire's much larger forces. In Valletta, Malta's capital, people still bring up the Great Siege with enormous pride, boasting about it as if they had actually been there.
For all of Valletta's interest in the past — the city is a Unesco World Heritage Site, and the 16th-century Saint John's Co-Cathedral in the center of town has been magnificently preserved — it has become in recent years a vibrant cultural destination, with an appeal that is both historic and modern. The area's Baroque architecture now houses boutique hotels instead of knights in armor, while none other than Renzo Piano has refurbished the parliament and historic city gate. Art is increasingly moving indoors as well, with several ambitious galleries on the horizon, and MUZA, a new National Museum of Fine Arts.
Valletta, like the rest of Malta, is a pastiche of historical influences. Its language has undertones ranging from Arabic to Italian, among a variety of other dialects. The same is true of the food, a unique mix of Mediterranean and North African influences — which, as it turns out, is one of the more positive results of all those invasions.
By next summer, a spate of hotels are scheduled to open; until then, the most elegant option is Casa Ellul, an eight-suite, neo-Classical townhouse that mixes the building's original grandeur (stone windows, a marble-floored staircase) with modern amenities (king-size beds, glass-walled bathrooms). Rooms on the top floor, with private terraces overlooking the city, are worth paying extra for.
This minimalist alternative, a 17th-century palazzo, has six grand apartments with hardwood floors, marble walls and sleek interiors. It's located on the carless end of its namesake street near several of the city's best bars. The owner and manager, Fiona Hili, is often on hand to help out with recommendations and bookings.
This cozy restaurant (the name means "people who like to drink") has a dozen tables scattered over two small rooms, and a well-edited wine list featuring some excellent Maltese offerings. Bottles are paired with a fixed-price menu that includes small plates such as arjoli (a dip made from sun-dried tomatoes, capers, olives and anchovies) followed by heartier dishes like pork served with honey and rosemary. 356-2122-1699
Located in a former confectionery, Rubino is the kind of place you wish you could eat at weekly. The sky-blue walls are covered with old photographs and maps, and the kitchen cooks up simple but delicious seasonal dishes made from local ingredients including rabbit, prawns and lampuki (dorado that are caught from September to November).
Cafe Society
Perched on a narrow alley of limestone steps that seem to hover over the harbor like an M.C. Escher drawing, this recently opened bar serves up bohemian charm and excellent cocktails. Take a table outside, or just sit on one of the big patterned pillows scattered on the ground. 356-9905-4358
Each room at Rocca Piccola — Valletta's only palazzo that is still lived in and yet open to the public — is filled with treasures: ancestral portraits, relics from several popes, antique clocks and a massive archive of family letters. The best time to go is on Friday evenings for a weekly tour given by the current owners.
The photographer and filmmaker Alexandra Pace started this nonprofit contemporary art organization three years ago, in her family's former townhouse. This month, she is co-curating a show of works by the American pre-Pop artist Corita Kent.
One of Europe's oldest working theaters, the Manoel opened in 1732, in part to keep rambunctious young knights out of trouble. Today, the stunning Baroque building, with an ornate trompe l'oeil ceiling, continues to host a variety of stage and dance performances (including a production of Mozart's comic opera "Le Nozzi de Figaro," set to open early next year).
Last year, a trio of artist friends opened one of Valletta's most exciting design shops to showcase the clothing and collectibles they make from existing, discarded objects. Not much bigger than a walk-in closet, No.Me's shelves are stocked with poured concrete vases, clocks made from driftwood and simple denim bags. 356-9940-7652


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The largest European frog (body length up to 15 centimetres). The colouration of the body is variable. In general, the dorsal surface is green, occasionally with dark spots and/or a faint vertebral ridge. Distinguishable from other water frogs by its larger size. Males have prominent vocal sacs at side of mouth, which appear grey when inflated, as opposed to the whitish appearance of other species.
Inhabits different types of wetland up to 1,500 metres. Distributed from Central Europe to the Urals, Asia Minor and some parts of North Africa.
A very aquatic and predatory frog. Spends most of its time near rivers or marsh banks, where it hunts. The mating period is during April and May, during which males call throughout the night. Females pod between 700-13,000 eggs in oval groups attached to water vegetation. Hibernates under the water. Feeds mainly on insects, but often on other frogs or fish, and sometimes attacks even small rodents. Captures prey with its elastic tongue.


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(Seventh in a series that delves deeper into the characteristics of a flourishing student – click here to read the original post on flourishing.)
The global/local news landscape offers up to us almost daily examples of moral and ethical failure. As Christians, we may be more disappointed than shocked because we understand the fallen nature of humanity and the fact that we cannot escape brokenness – the line dividing good and evil runs down the center of each of our hearts. Yet our faith, in the power of a risen Christ redeeming humanity and his creation, inspires us to not stay in despair over this brokenness, but to continue to work toward shalom and restoration. We remind ourselves that each human being is made in God's likeness, and challenge our students to live lives of obedience and faithfulness, to be like Christ.
It is this challenge to students that I want to focus on. In the process of attempting to teach our students the desire to act morally and ethically we are essentially showing them what goodness looks, acts, and smells like – "a more perfect way" – and asking them to internalize and live out that goodness. It is not just about "being good," and it is not enough to just not disobey. We need to show them that following Christ is an above and beyond/different way of living and to call them to that "foolishness" Christ asks of us (Matthew 5, I Corinthians 1:21ff).
Many students each day are taught to "be good" in schools around the world, yet only some are given spiritual foundations as to why they should "be good." Just being "good for goodness sake" or for personal gain as in good grades-good scholarships-good college-good job-good life thinking will only be so effective when push comes to shove in life situations that students will encounter. The tests and trials of life in big and small situations will reveal what they really believe and their actions will reveal their worldview. The latter part of the saying "Time heals wounds and wounds heels" reflects how we so often see careers and reputations undone through moral and ethical failings – research tells us it is hard to end our careers well. Moral and ethical failings are often the result of pride ("It can't happen to me because I am above it all") or laziness ("I can cut this corner or treat someone this way and get away with it") or magical thinking ("It won't happen to me or I won't get caught"). Lack of discipline, lack of courage, and lack of character development all contribute to these failings. If I do not really regard others as image-bearers worthy of my love because of my desire to show Christ's love, it is more likely that I will not see the need for ethical and moral behavior toward them. My best behavior done through my own power, if not directed toward worship, is more likely to simply increase my pride and self-reliance. If we do not encourage our students to see their behavior as connected or disconnected to foundational spiritual belief, it is not as likely that their lives will translate into obedience, humility, kindness, love, and other fruits of the Spirit.
How can we specifically work toward this outcome of a flourishing student? The aspect of adult modeling moral and ethical behavior looms large. We create classroom and school cultures where the desire to live morally and ethically can thrive or be discouraged. We must start with our own hearts, motives and worldview – as adults are we demonstrating spiritual obedience simply out of fear of judgment or out of true love for others and a desire to love God and to do the right thing? Bill Hybels' book: Who You Are When Nobody's Looking: Choosing Consistency, Resisting Compromise gives us an immediate challenge just from the title and is a great resource to work through with students or your own children. We need to both share and examine difficulties in this area and encourage good choices by students. It may be helpful with middle and high school students to make use of dilemmas and case studies so that moral and ethical principles can be applied to real life situations. A book such as Rozema and VanderArk's No Easy Answers – Making Good Decisions in an Anything Goes World or CSI's Exploring Ethics texts are very helpful tools.


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10 Best Portable Productivity Freewares
I've had some time to browse the net to find some interesting and free portable applications that may indeed help you through your daily work productivity. Well, at least some of these applications can be used primarily for 'work' but I presume that it would be more beneficial to you at home. Portable here means you can install it on a usb drive or even on a folder on your hard drive.
PicPick is a versatile all-in-one tool for images on the desktop. Includes a powerful screen capture tool, editor, color picker and palette, pixel ruler, protractor, crosshair, whiteboard and more. Can upload images automatically to FTP, Facebook, Twitter, default e-mail program, or send to installed Microsoft Office programs (Word, Excel, or PowerPoint).
Alternatively, PicPick Portable is stealth and automatically adjusts paths. PicPick is freeware for personal use only.
Download here
DSpeech is a text-to-speech program with the option of saving the output to a variety of formats, great for creating audio books from text sources. It also supports dynamically changing the features of the voices e.g. insert pauses, emphasize specific words, spell them out etc. using tags.
The program works out-of-the-box on WinXP and above, using the included Microsoft speech engine SAPI5. For WinNT/2K, you will need to install the speech engine separately. You will find links to plugins, speech engines and voice sets on the program website.
The program can import text from TXT, DOC, DOCX, RTF, HTML, XML and PDF and output to MP3, OGG, AAC, WMA, OPUS and AMR.
You can use this for free but limits to 10 translations per day. A donation would get you a full version.
Artweaver is an image editor that tries to simulate natural brush tools eg. chalk, charcoal, pencils. It supports common image formats such as BMP, GIF, JPEG, PCX, TGA, TIFF, PNG and PSD, in addition to its own format (AWD). Image editing functions includes selection, gradient, crop, fill, transparency, layers, effects (sharpen, blur, emboss, mosaic etc.)
Download here
Paint.NET is an image and photo editing software with support for layers, unlimited undo, image effects, and a tabbed thumbnail interface. The program includes a variety of paint bushes and selection tools as well as image filters such as sharpening, red-eye removal, distortion, noise, etc.
The program supports plugins and will automatically start in 64-bit if within an operating system that supports it.
Download 32-bit version
Download 64-bit version
Wise Program Uninstaller
Wise Program Uninstaller allows the removal of installed software and associated files, extras and other information default installers often leave behind. The program can search for more leftovers after an uninstall or force uninstall stubborn data that stays behind. The program can repair installs and is fully compatible with both 32-bit and 64-bit applications.
Completely Free and Perfectly Compatible with Almost All Windows Versions
Wise Program Uninstaller is freeware that allows you to completely uninstall programs (64 and 32-bit) installed on your system. It has been developed and fully tested to work great on Windows 8&8.1 and other Windows operating systems, from Windows XP and up. No matter what you own – a desktop or a laptop.
Download here
WizTree is a very fast disk space analyzer and search tool, scanning a single folder or your entire hard drive quickly and showing those files and folders using the most disk space. The program uses the NTFS Master File Table (MFT) feature in Windows to rapidly view files.
Note that this high-speed mode is limited to local, NTFS-formatted drives. The program must do a (much slower) scan of FAT-formatted or network drives for analysis.
Download here
iPhotoDraw is a image editor and screencapture program. The program enables image filters, transformations, addendums, layers and arrangement. Photo filters include brightness/contrast, hues/saturation, inversion, sepia and grascale. Addendums include description text, call-out boxes (ballons), dimensions, stamps (1, 2, 3 …) and more.
The program also includes image slicer, watermarks, a color picker, stamps and batch operations. Images can be sent to Microsoft Office, FTP, or other external programs.
Download here
Mem Reduct
Mem Reduct is a lightweight, real-time memory management application to monitor and clean system memory on your computer. The program uses undocumented internal system features (in the Native API) to clear system cache (system working set, working set, standby page lists, modified page lists) with variable result ~10-50%.
Download here
XMedia Recode
XMedia Recode is an audio/video converter for most popular formats and includes handy profiles for popular mobile/tablet devices such as iPod, iPhone, Samsung, SonyEricsson, Zune, PSP, Blackberry, LG etc. These profiles include file format, screen size, and other details chosen specifically for a given player.
Functional in 64-bit. Format support includes 3GP, DVD, AVI, MP4, WMV, ASF and many more.
Download here
LibreOffice is a complete productivity suite including word processor, spreadsheet, presentations, database, drawing tool and more. Includes strong compatibility for 100s of file formats including Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Visio etc). The program is similar to OpenOffice, a program that it was derived from, but has added many new features and improvements.
LibreOffice Portable is a special build developed in conjunction with the publisher. A "Still" version that's more tested and stable but with fewer features/capabilities is available via the website link. On systems without Java installed, some functions such as document creation wizards and the Base database application etc. can be enabled by adding jPortable, though this is optional and can be skipped if those functions are not needed. Alternatively, X-LibreOffice is also available.
Cross platform with versions available for Mac, Linux/BSD (comes default with most distros) and supports a variety of extensions. A more stable "Still" version is available from the website link.
XP users: v.5.4.0 Rev 2 is the last supported version.
Download here


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A website that offers information to those interested in becoming a registered nurse ranked Kishwaukee College's Nursing Program among the top 20 in Illinois.
Registerednursing.org ranked Kishwaukee's program at 14th out of 76 programs it rated in Illinois.
Bette Chilton is the college's Dean of Health and Education Programs. Chilton says the school's nursing program is relatively small – around 80 students. But than can be an asset.
"We have a smaller faculty and I think we can create learning environments that really help the students succeed," she says.
The website ranks programs across the country based on several factors, including how well its students pass a license exam required to become a registered nurse. Students in Kishwaukee College's program had a 96 percent pass rate in 2015. That's well above the national average of 85 percent and 86 percent for the state of Illinois as a whole.
Chilton says the listing shows you can stay close to home to get a good education.
"What the ranking helps people understand is that just because we are a community college doesn't mean we don't have a place in the nursing education system," she says.
Chilton says the program is also a good foundation for students looking to further their education as well as their career.
Chilton says the program has a good partnership with area providers like Kish Health System, and with Northern Illinois University. She says many of her students go on to NIU to get a four-year degree in nursing.
Other programs in the region also fared well in the state rankings. McHenry County, Waubonsee and Illinois Valley Community Colleges and Rockford University all made the top 20 in the Illinois rankings.


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The Five Stages of Listening Used in Communication
April 29, 2011 7 Comments
When we look at presenters or public speakers do their thing on stage, it looks very easy and carefree. But the truth of the matter is, being able to communicate one's message or messages across a huge number of people is not that simple. Conveying a series of messages and making sure that your audience doesn't lose interest involves complex skills and processes, one of which is LISTENING.
Let us breakdown the listening process into five simpler stages so we can better understand what is involved in each step. The five stages are:
- Receiving
- Understanding
- Remembering
- Evaluating
- Responding
Read more here: Listening Stages


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We are a returning exhibitor at the annual CHC conference (11-12 October 2018) where we will be showcasing our work for innovative organisations and building on our current relationships with Welsh housing associations.
Come by our stand and gain first hand insights from James Shand (Managing Director) and David Pickett (New Business Development Manager) into how moving to our managed service has transformed the customer experience and associated business processes for rent and service charge communications and reduced
- internal processes by some 800 man hours
- customer calls querying Rent and Service Charge communications by cir95%
- materials and postage costs
Find out more about how we can support you with a streamlined process and compliant reporting for producing revised contracts associated with the upcoming implementation of the Renting Homes (Wales) Act.
If you can't attend the conference and are interested in finding out more how TriPartum can help you then please give us a call on 0207 186 0055.
For further details visit the conference website


text: Celebrate Mother's Day in you Spanish class! Teach your students some new vocabulary and help them to make a card, or gift for Mom in Spanish. Includes seven different activities for you to choose from! Stop by Liz's Lessons Blog to check out the product, and to pick up a Spanish Mother's Day FREEBIE! Feliz Dia de la Madre!


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WikiClone wiki
main / Installation_and_Configuration
Installation and Configuration
Requires Eclipse and Mercurial to be installed. See Releases for specific version requirements.
Install from update site
|Update Site URL
See Home page for the URL to the update site.
Install from update site Instructions
In Eclipse add the update site "Help"->"Install New Software...". Exact screens may vary depending on Eclipse version.
To add the site click on the Available software tab. You should see something like the following screenshot:
Now click on the Add site... button and enter one of the Update Site URLs listed above. Select the newly added site and click on Install to start download and installation.
Install from source
And finally, if you want to try out the most recent changesets in our development repository, have a look at Hackers deploy section.
MercurialEclipse preferences
Eclipse's preferences can be accessed by selecting to Windows->Preferences (Windows/Linux) respectively Eclipse->Preferences in the Application's menu.
Main preferences
Note: Some of this section may be obsolete
The MercurialEclipse plugin adds to the already existing Eclipse preferences. On the left side, in the tree, you should see an entry named MercurialEclipse. Please click on it. You should see the main MercurialEclipse preference page similar to the preferences I use, shown in the following screenshot.
|Mercurial Executable
|The path to the hg executable.
|A valid path, e.g. /usr/local/bin/hg. This entry must be valid and filled.
|Gpg Executable
|The path to the gpg executable.
|A valid path, e.g. /usr/local/bin/gpg or nothing if Gpg is not used.
|Mercurial Username
|The default Mercurial username.
|Overrides the configuration in your hgrc files. You need not fill it.
|Use external merge tool for resolving conflicts
|Switch between internal Eclipse merge and configured merge tool.
|If not selected, use Mercurial simplemerge and then the Eclipse internal merge facilities
|When a folder contains files with different statuses, flag the folder: as modified
|Always mark resource changes, additions, etc. with the modified decorator image.
|selected / unselected
|When a folder contains files with different statuses, flag the folder: with the most important status
|Always mark resource changes, additions, etc. with the associated decorator image.
|selected / unselected
|Enable font and color decoration
|Enables color and fonts settings for decorators. This will slow down decorator performance.
|selected / unselected
|Automatically associate MercurialEclipse with new projects containing a Mercurial repository
|Checks if newly opened projects are already associated with an Eclipse Team provider. If not, it checks if this settings is set. If it is, it checks if the project has a Mercurial repository in the project directory or uptree. If this true as well, such anewly opened project is automatically shared as MercurialEclipse team project.
|selected / unselected
|Number of commit messages to save
|The number of previously entered commit messages to be saved for remembering them in the Commit dialog.
|Should not exceed 30 as each saved comment will get added to a combo box in commit dialog
Console preference page
This preference page controls how the Mercurial console behaves and looks like. The Mercurial console shows each Mercurial command and enables you to see how MercurialEclipse interacts with Mercurial.
|Wrap text
|Do line wraps if necessary
|selected / unselected
|Console width
|Number of characters to fit in one line
|between 10 and 999
|Limit output
|Don't keep the full history of an Eclipse session in the console
|selected / unselected
|Number of characters
|Number of characters to limit the console to
|a number
|Open console on message
|Creates and opens a console if no console is open and brings the console view to the foreground when the Mercurial console receives a message.
|selected / unselected
|Show all Hg messages
|Shows complete Mercurial output. USE WITH CARE as hg log and hg status data is output, too. So the amount of data written can become huge.
|selected / unselected
|Command color
|The color with which Mercurial command invocations are displayed
|a color
|Message color
|The color with which plugin messages are displayed
|a color
|Error color
|The color with which error messages are displayed
|a color
Performance preference page
This preference page enables you to set performance related settings.
|hg log revision limit
|The number of changesets / revisions to pull in a batch, e.g. in the History view
|a number
|Number of files to query hg status with
|The number of files which we may add to one invocation to status
|a number
|Always call hg status for whole repository
|Always get the status for all repository files instead of getting the status for single or multiple files. This option should be switched on (Bastian's Hint)
|selected / unselected
|Compute deep decoration
|Enabling this will calculate the refreshed resources' uptree status in order to decorate the whole tree and all folders correctly. This option is a waste of time if the status option is set to getting status for the whole repository
|selected / unselected
|Show changeset information for files
|This adds additional information to each resource's decoration like the last author, changeset-index of last modification etc. The downside of this is that it comes with a huge performance penalty.
|selected / unselected
Timeouts preference page
This preference page allows you to specify the longest time you want to wait for an operation. Usually the defaults are sufficient, so if you don't see timeouts just leave these settings alone.


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The electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a diagnostic tool that is routinely used to assess the electrical and muscular functions of the heart.
The electrocardiogram (ECG) has grown to be one of the most commonly used medical tests in modern medicine. Its utility in the diagnosis of a myriad of cardiac pathologies ranging from myocardial ischemia and infarction to syncope and palpitations has been invaluable to clinicians for decades.
You can find our e-Health Sensor Platform Complete Kit to get a complete First Aid Kit for Makers or buy the e-Health Sensor Shield separately.
IMPORTANT : The e-Health Sensor Platform has been designed by Cooking Hacks in order to help researchers, developers and artists to measure biometric sensor data for experimentation, fun and test purposes. However, as the platform does not have medical certifications it can not be used to monitor critical patients who need accurate medical monitoring or those whose conditions must be accurately measured for an ulterior professional diagnosis.
NOTE : If you are searching for Wireless Sensor Networks devices (motes) you may be interested in our ready to market sensor platform: Waspmote which counts with more than 50 sensors available to use.


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Volvo has never made a small SUV but it needed one. Hence some new beginnings with this XC40. Jonathan Crouch reports.
Ten Second Review
Volvo's XC40 is much more than just a smaller version of the brand's larger SUVs. It gets its own all-new 'CMA' platform and a very distinct design to set itself apart. The result is a slightly unusual alternative to premium-branded compact SUVs like Audi's Q3 and the BMW X1.
Volvo took its time in developing a contender for the industry's fastest-growing market segment, that for compact family hatchback-based SUVs. Unless you count the gussied-up V40 Cross Country model - which we don't - the Swedish brand has never had a car in this class. The XC40 put that right.
Under the skin lies a freshly developed 'Compact Modular Architecture' platform that Volvo has created with its Chinese owner Geely. It's a chassis that will in future be used by a whole range of new compact Volvo models, but it's hard to believe that many of them will be much more significant than this one. Established premium brand compact SUV contenders like BMW's X1, Mercedes' GLA and Audi's Q2 and Q3 crossovers are all within this XC40's sights. So it'll have to be good.
Driving Experience
The XC40's 'CMA' platform has been based around provision for a whole range of future cutting-edge Volvo powerplants, including three cylinder engines plus a Plug-in hybrid and a fully-electric version. If you want to fuel from the green pump, the range starts with the three cylnder 1.5-litre 163hp T3 variant, which is only offered with front wheel drive and a choice of either manual or auto transmission. This petrol engine also features in 180hp form mated to an 82hp electric motor in the T5 Twin Engine plug-in hybrid.
Further up the petrol range, there's Volvo's 2.0-litre unit which has to be mated to auto transmission. It's available in 190hp form in the T4 derivative (offered with front or four-wheel drive). Or you can have the same engine in 247hp guise in the top T5 variant (which has to have AWD). As for the 2.0-litre diesels, well things kick off with the 150hp D3, which comes with front or four wheel drive and manual or auto transmission. Or there's the 190hp D4, which comes in auto 4WD form only. Available driving systems include the brand's 'Pilot Assist' autonomous set-up which can steer and brake for you on the highway.
Design and Build
It's an interesting combination this. A Swedish-branded product, financed by a Chinese conglomerate, styled by a British designer and built in a Dutch factory. We'll start with the penman, a young Englishman Ian Kettle who says that the look of this car was inspired by robots he'd seen in sci-fi movies. In styling this contender, his brief was to give the XC40 its own identity, rather than simply making it a down-sized XC60. So while this car shares its bigger stablemate's 'Thor's Hammer' LED headlights and clamshell bonnet, it also gets unique touches like an inverted front grille and coupe-like rear styling.
To some extent of course, the XC40 had to be different because it rides on quite different underpinnings, a 'CMA' ('Common Modular Architecture') platform that'll be seen on a whole range of future small models from Volvo and its Chinese parent Geely. What it means here is that for the first time, Volvo has a range of three SUVs; other brands have that too of course but in this case, the three products are each quite distinct in character. The Swedish brand hopes that'll be significant.
Market and Model
Prices start at just over £30,000 and range up to just over £42,000. There are three main levels of trim - 'Momentum', 'R-Design' and 'Inscription', with plusher 'Pro' variants of each. Every version of the XC40 is very well equipped. As standard, even entry-level 'Momentum' variants come with LED headlights with optional active high beam, two-zone climate control with a 'CleanZone' air-filtration system, rear parking sensors, a 12.3-inch TFT instrument binnacle display and 18" alloy wheels.
If you upgrade to sporty 'R-Design' trim, you additionally get gloss black styling details including a contrasting colour black roof, plus diamond-cut or matt black alloy wheels, part-leather seats and aluminium dash inlays. Top-spec 'Inscription' variants meanwhile, enjoy fill-leather upholstery, an electric tailgate, wood detailing and a crystal glass gearlever. As ever with Volvo, a key focus is safety. An autonomous braking system is standard-fit and this system can specifically detect people and animals. There's also an 'Oncoming Lane Mitigation' set-up that not only stops you from pulling out into the path of an oncoming vehicle but can also steer you away from such an impact. Pilot Assist, Volvo's innovative semi-autonomous drive feature, is an optional extra on every XC40, as is 'Run-off Road Protection and Mitigation'. And Cross Traffic Alert with brake support', which warn you of oncoming vehicles when you're reversing out of a space.
Cost of Ownership
The 150hp D3 variant most will choose offers WLTP-rated combined fuel consumption of up to 51.4mpg on the combined cycle and NEDC-rated CO2 emissions from around 127g/km - that's in front-driven manual form. If you go for the pokier 190hp D4 AWD auto variant, you'll be looking at up to 44.1mpg and 131g/km. The petrol-powered 163hp T3 offers combined fuel economy of up to 41.5mpg on the combined cycle and CO2 emissions from 142g/km. Go for the top 190hp AWD T5 auto derivative and you can expect the figures to be 34.0mpg and 164g/km. The T5 Twin Engine plug-in hybrid manages the faintly unbelievable official WLTP reading of 141.1mpg and an NEDC-rated 38g/km of CO2.
Maintenance should be relatively affordable for a car of this kind, with three or five year pre-paid servicing packages are available to help you budget ahead. If you pay extra for the useful 'On Call with App' remote connectivity system, this Volvo can be programmed to autonomously realise when a service is due, then automatically book it for you at a dealership of your choice. Finally, we'll tell you that the warranty is the usual three year, 60,000 mile package.
Volvo clearly felt that to break into the premium brand compact SUV segment, it had to offer something distinctively different to its German rivals, so that's exactly what we've got. Not everyone will like the looks but there's no doubt that they will help the brand to target buyers who would never previously have considered a Volvo.
Overall, if you're looking for a quality option that's a bit more unique in this segment, Volvo thinks it has a car that'll interest you very much.
PRICES: £24,965 - £42,305 – on the road
CO2 EMISSIONS: 38-166g/km
PERFORMANCE: [D3] Max Speed 121mph / 0-62mph 8.2s
FUEL CONSUMPTION: [D3] (combined) 52.3mpg
STANDARD SAFETY FEATURES: Seven airbags / ABS / ESP stability control / ISOFIX / post-collision braking system
WILL IT FIT IN YOUR GARAGE?: Length/Width/Height 4425/1863/1658 mm


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LDL Particle Testing (LDL-P)
When you have a personal and/or family history of CVD at an early age; when the result of your low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) test is within a healthy range, but your healthcare provider thinks that you may have an increased risk of developing heart disease; sometimes to help monitor the effectiveness of lipid-lowering treatment and/or lifestyle changes
A blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm
You may need to fast for 9-12 hours before this test; only water is permitted. Follow any instructions you are given.
Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are particles that transport lipids throughout the body. Each particle contains a combination of protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid molecules. Their composition changes as they circulate in the blood. Some molecules are removed and others are added, resulting in lipoprotein particles whose properties vary from large and fluffy to small and dense. LDL particle testing determines the relative amounts of particles of differing properties in the blood. This is often called subfraction testing.
Traditional lipid testing measures the amount of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) present in the blood, but it does not evaluate the number of particles of LDL (LDL-P). Some studies have shown that increased numbers of small, dense LDL particles (sdLDL) are associated with inflammation and are more likely to cause atherosclerosis than fewer light, fluffy LDL particles. Researchers think that the presence of an increased number of sdLDL could be one of the reasons that some people have heart attacks even though their total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations are not particularly high.
Data are not clear on whether routine testing for LDL subfractions provides additional information about cardiac risk or whether results from such testing could impact decisions about treatment. The 2015 report from the National Lipid Association Annual Summary of Clinical Lipidology does refer to potential use of subfraction testing for a select population of patients; however, more clinical research is needed to determine the ultimate value in testing for LDL subfractions and how the results should be used. Recommendations on the use of LDL subfraction testing and LDL-P continue to evolve as a result of ongoing studies and include:
- The results of a clinical study named JUPITER, studying therapies for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and finding an association between disease and LDL subfractions
- A review of multiple studies on exercise, verifying the relationship between exercise and a reduction in both the level of small LDL particles and risk for CVD
- A study illustrating a relationship between disease progression and increases in small LDL particles using multiple methods for measuring the particles, including ultracentrifugation (separation of particles by density), polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (separation by charge and size) and NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy, which measures particles according to differences in composition
- A 2013 Assessment by the AACC Lipoprotein and Vascular Diseases Division Working Group on Best Practices, which compared the use of apolipoprotein B (Apo B) with LDL-P as indicators of atherogenic particle numbers; the group concluded that both tests were nearly equivalent in their ability to assess CVD risk and that both were stronger than LDL-C. The group supported the adoption of either Apo B or LDL-P into CVD risk screening and treatment guidelines but expressed a current preference for Apo B because of its availability and several other factors. (See Article Sources below) Note: Apo B is considered a potential substitute for LDL-P because a molecule of Apo B is present in each particle of LDL and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL).
- An analysis of genetics of LDL subfractions and related therapy in European subjects, illustrating that genetic controls for LDL subfractions differ from genetic controls for total LDL
The number of sdLDL particles a person has is partially genetically determined, partially due to sex (males tend to have more sdLDL than females), and partially due to lifestyle and a person's general state of health. Certain diseases and conditions, such as diabetes and hypertension, are associated with increased levels of sdLDL.
As mentioned above, a variety of methods are used to determine lipoprotein subfractions, including ultracentrifugation, polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis, and NMR spectroscopy.
It is also usually possible to predict whether a person has a high number of sdLDL particles by looking at the person's triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. These tests are typically performed as part of a lipid profile. People who have high triglyceride and low HDL-C tend to have more sdLDL. Specifically, having a triglyceride level above 120 mg/dL and an HDL-C level lower than 40 mg/dL in men and lower than 50 mg/dL in women is associated with having more sdLDL.
Subfraction testing is also available for other lipoprotein particles, such as HDL and VLDL, but these tests are mostly used in research settings and are not addressed in this article.
How is the sample collected for testing?
A blood sample is obtained by inserting a needle into a vein in the arm.
Is any test preparation needed to ensure the quality of the sample?
Current standards recommend that lipid testing be done while fasting. For 9 to 12 hours before the test, only water is permitted. Follow any instructions provided by the healthcare practitioner or lab.
How is it used?
Low-density lipoprotein particle (LDL particle or LDL-P) testing evaluates LDL particles according to their number, size, density, and/or electrical charge. It may provide useful information for assessing cardiac risk in people who have a personal or family history of heart disease at a young age, especially if their total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) values are not significantly elevated. LDL subfraction testing is typically done along with or following a lipid profile.
While for many people, the LDL-C test is a good indicator of risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), research has found that some people with healthy levels of LDL-C still have increased risk of CVD. Similarly, individuals with some chronic conditions such as diabetes may have increased risk even though their LDL-C is at a healthy level. For these populations, it has been suggested that the number of LDL particles and/or their size might be an additional factor to consider when determining their CVD risk. In these cases, lipoprotein subfraction testing may be used to further evaluate an individual's CVD risk.
LDL-P may also be occasionally ordered to monitor the effectiveness of treatment in decreasing the number of small, dense LDL particles (sdLDL).
LDL subfraction testing has been used in clinical settings, while VLDL or HDL subfraction testing is currently used mostly for research purposes. This is because LDL cholesterol has been identified as the primary risk factor for heart disease and more research and development has focused on LDL measurement.
When is it ordered?
This testing may be ordered as part of an overall evaluation of cardiac risk when someone has a personal or family history of early cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially when the person doesn't have typical cardiac risk factors, such as high cholesterol, high LDL cholesterol, high triglyceride, low HDL cholesterol, smoking, obesity, inactivity, diabetes, and/or hypertension.
When a person with an increased LDL-P and/or a large proportion of small, dense LDL particles has undergone lipid-lowering treatment or lifestyle changes, the healthcare practitioner may order LDL lipoprotein subfraction testing, along with other lipid tests, to monitor the effectiveness of treatment.
Although it is not generally recommended as a screening test, a few healthcare providers are ordering LDL-P along with a battery of other cardiac risk tests when they are attempting to determine someone's overall risk of developing CVD.
What does the test result mean?
Results of an LDL-P test reflect the method and reporting format used as well as the person's total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL, and/or HDL cholesterol. Since different methods separate the subclasses based on different physical properties (particle number, size, density, and/or electrical charge), results may not be directly comparable method to method or laboratory to laboratory.
In general, the result is interpreted within the framework of a lipid profile and its associated risk:
- If a person has a large number of primarily small, dense LDL (sdLDL) and an increased LDL-P, this finding will add to the individual's risk of developing cardiovascular disease above and beyond the risk associated with the total LDL.
- If a person has exclusively large, fluffy LDL and a lower LDL-P, this finding will add no additional risk.
Is there anything else I should know?
It is important to remember that lipoprotein subfraction and LDL subfraction testing (as well as other lipid and cardiac risk factor testing) is not diagnostic. It attempts to evaluate a person's statistical risk of developing CVD, but it cannot predict the development or severity of disease in a particular person.
How can I change my LDL subfractions and decrease my LDL-P?
How long will it take for my results?
It depends on the laboratory performing the test. Not every lab performs LDL-P testing as it requires specialized instruments. Your sample may be sent to a reference laboratory for testing, so it may take several days before results are available.
On This Site
Tests: HDL Cholesterol; LDL Cholesterol; Lipid Profile; Cholesterol; Apo A-I; Apo B; Lp(a); Triglycerides; Homocysteine; hs-CRP; VAP
Conditions: Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Disease
Elsewhere On The Web
American Heart Association: About Cholesterol
American Heart Association Interactive Library: Cholesterol and CAD
National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute: What is Atherosclerosis?
National Cholesterol Education Program: High Blood Cholesterol—What You Need to Know


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Young people in Norfolk will benefit from the efforts of five fantastic runners – Colin, Justina, Jim, Tom and Harry – who pounded the streets of Norwich on Sunday, running 10K and raising over £1400 for MAP's work. Thank you to them all for taking on this challenge and enabling MAP to provide counselling, advice, guidance and positive activities to young people finding their way in life.
If you would like to support Norfolk's young people and fundraise for MAP, either at next year's Norwich 10K or with another sporting challenge, get in touch with our Fundraising Officer Katy Jones on 01603 633835 ext 309.


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Oil and Gas
Canadian industry official says country will boost natural gas, oil sands production
With record natural gas prices and analysts predicting record home-heating prices for American consumers this winter, Canadian producers are looking to quickly increase natural gas production. Greg Stringham, vice president of markets and fiscal policy at the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, says Canadian energy companies may be able to boost natural gas output by 200 million cubic feet per day. Stringham also explains Canadian efforts to increase coalbed methane development and build liquefied natural gas terminals. Plus, he explains the future for oil sands development in Alberta and why U.S. energy companies should upgrade refineries and pipelines to handle heavy oil from Canada.
Brian Stempeck: Hello and welcome to OnPoint. I'm Brian Stempeck. Joining us today is Greg Stringham, vice president for Markets and Fiscal Policy and the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers. Greg thanks a lot for being here.
Greg Stringham: My pleasure.
Brian Stempeck: Let's start off, you're in Washington this week to talk about oil sands development and meet with a number of DOE officials and other high ranking policymakers in Washington. Give us a sense of what we can expect from the oil sands in Canada and where you guys are now and where you're headed.
Greg Stringham: Well the oil sands have become mainstream oil right now. From the Canadian perspective, right now, it makes up about one of about every two barrels that we produce, but we've now hit a million barrels a day coming out of the oil sands. This is no longer a small experiment up in northern Alberta, it's actually mainstream.
Brian Stempeck: What are the long-term plans? How do you plan on ramping that up?
Greg Stringham: Well, the projects are lining up now to go ahead and go forward. Now these are very high capital cost projects as they go forward. They're funded somewhere between $6 and $8 billion apiece, but the forecast that we have, which is even a moderate case forecast, sees us going from a million barrels a day this year to 3 million barrels a day by 2015, in the next 10 years.
Brian Stempeck: Now people have pointed out that there are some barriers to the Alta oil sands development. Clearly with the price of oil as high as it is that's a big driver behind future development, but how do you, I guess, where are the major problems you're facing right now as you try to expand from one million to three million to five million?
Greg Stringham: Well that's right, we've overcome the resource challenge. They've got the technology that can get the oil out of the oil sands and they've overcome the financial challenge. They've got costs down to the point where these projects are completely economic, including return to the producer, taxes, royalties and costs, at about $25 a barrel. So that's not the constraint. What's the issue now that by think we're facing? Although it's on a stumbling block it's one thing we have to overcome, is the issue of workforce. We need to have enough people to implement these projects and that becomes from the plumbers and the pipe fitters to the construction folks as we build two or three of these billion dollar projects at the same time.
Brian Stempeck: Now you're seeing a bunch of boom towns essentially spring up in Alberta right now. How are you trying to manage that? You know these workers seem to be coming from all over the world really.
Greg Stringham: They are. I mean we're using all the workers that we can in western Canada. We're looking beyond that through Canada. We're looking actually, some of the unions are looking, and beyond that to workers from the United States coming up and helping out with that. As they go forward, what they're looking at is a number of strategies to try and deal with it, so it's not all concentrated in one area. So a couple of the companies have looked at modularizing their construction, building the units down in the major centers and then training them or trucking them up and assembling them on site, which takes less manpower.
Brian Stempeck: Now as you discuss oil sands with DOE and other major officials this week in Washington, what are your priorities? Why come down to D.C. and make this pitch?
Greg Stringham: I think one of the biggest reasons we're here is we've been here for the last five or ten years talking about this. Most people still believe that the oil sands is a very high cost, expensive, non economic resource. So in all my visits down here what we continue to push is that message, but this one's a little different. Now that we've had the potential visit of Vice President Cheney, that unfortunately got canceled because he had to pay more attention to the hurricane, which was an important thing for him to do. We've also had a lot of international attention come to the oil sands. It's got 175 billion barrels of reserve there, which is about 150 to 200 years worth of reserve. A lot of people are paying attention to it right now. And what we're down here doing is saying it's going to grow in production. We need to make sure that the US market is ready to receive that kind of oil, because it's not just the regular West Texas oil. It's either quite heavy oil or it's very light oil that's been upgraded and the refiners in there and the transportation systems need to be able to handle that to make sure it comes to the market.
Brian Stempeck: Looking specifically, what needs to happen for the U.S. to be able to get that oil? I know that there is some concern in Washington that Chinese oil countries have shown a lot of interest in the oil sands, talking about potentially building a pipeline to the western part of Canada. And that's a concern as the U.S. looks out 20 years in terms of where we're getting our oil from. What does the United States need to do in order to get these refiners, to get the transportation system ready for Canadian oil from the oil sands?
Greg Stringham: Oh the first thing I'd say is the market works, right? There is no political intervention on this. The market will drive the oil to wherever the market is best for it and when it comes to the transportation of oil the shorter the transportation distance the lower the cost for the consumer and the better the net back for the producers. So that's really what's got to happen. The challenge that we have in the United States right now is making sure that the infrastructure, both the upgrading refiners and the pipelines are going to the right places. We've moved about as much of the oil sands into the kind of Midwest refineries, which is the main market for us, as we can possibly get into there without them doing some refinery modifications. We've actually just started to reverse some pipelines down to the Gulf Coast to take Canadian oil all the way down to the Houston area. You think, well, that's a long way to go, but it's one of the areas that has that upgrading capacity that can handle heavy oil. If that was moved into other areas of the United States then that would be one of the primaries where we would go as well.
Brian Stempeck: So as we see lawmakers in the House and Senate and the U.S. Congress working on refinery legislation which just passed the House, is that something you're looking towards working on? Is trying to get more incentives or more things in that bill to help get Canadian oil into the US?
Greg Stringham: Yeah and whether it's incentives or whether it's simply the fact that the government then recognizes that this change needs to happen in order to access this growing supply of oil, that's more of the point we're trying to get at. Is to make sure that there are not obstacles, roadblocks, delays in what the refineries would normally do under market conditions in the way.
Brian Stempeck: I want to turn to another issue we look at when we talk about oil sands and that's that in some of the environmental groups one of the concerns they have raised is that the primary feedstock really going into the oil sands development is natural gas. It seems like kind of a waste to be using a very clean fuel to essentially clean this very dirty oil and then you get it towards a more distilled type product. Is there going to be an effort to switch away from natural gas as you try to develop these oil sands?
Greg Stringham: Already under way. The big driver, again, behind that is these higher gas costs have affected all of us. So they're affecting the oil sands producers in the same way. They are big consumers of natural gas and they've already started to use alternate technologies and reduce the amount of gas that they're using. But there's three or four or five projects that are underway in commercial sense right now that use no natural gas at all. Now the existing projects, that were built in the '60s and '70s, they're starting to wean themselves and reduce the amount of gas they used per barrel. But we used to use well over a half of a 1000 cubic foot of gas to make one barrel of oil. Now they're getting down below that and some of new technologies, whether it be the Nexen OPTI project that they're using or some of the other technologies that are using underground heating mechanisms, they don't use any gas at all. And there's a twofold win there. Number one, they lower their costs by not using expensive natural gas and number two, they free up that natural gas to go to the rest of the market in North America. So it's a win-win.
Brian Stempeck: Now what are the alternatives? I mean one idea that I saw talked about recently in a New York Times story was saying that the potential might be there for building a nuclear power plant to actually do some of the oil sands development. Is that something that you're looking at?
Greg Stringham: It will be eventually. I think it's further down the road. The ones that are being looked at right now are taking some of this heavy, heavy oil and burning it or else gasifying it and burning it just like natural gas when they spray it out and mix it into one of their burners. The nuclear option has been looked at, but right now one of the big things that the oil sands needs is steam. And the nuclear plant can create electricity and steam, but that steam can only go about 10 miles, 15 km, before it turns into water. Well these plants are all in about 100 km or about an 80 miles radius and therefore they don't need water, they need the hot steam to get the oil out of there. So the nuclear industry said, well, we're looking at building smaller ones, but right now, to get the economy to scale and to get a nuclear plan that works, we really need to build one big one. So before we even get into the question of public reaction to a nuclear reactor and those kinds of things, they've got to solve that technical issue. And that's probably another decade away. In the meantime, they're focusing on these other alternatives, like bitumen and gasification, which are commercial today.
Brian Stempeck: Getting back to that natural gas question, as prices have gone higher we've heard a lot of talk about what to do about this in Washington. And one issue that's been raised is the idea that Canada can actually provide more natural gas for the US. There's certain industry groups out there in the United States who have said that they've had assurances, specifically from your organization, that Canada can provide more natural gas. Is that accurate?
Greg Stringham: It is, but it's going to be remembering that we're producing full out on the natural gas side of things already. But we are doing some things with our governments and with our regulators to say in order to assist with hurricane Katrina relief and hurricane Rita, is there any little thing that we can do on the margin that would help bring on some additional gas or advance some production that may not have come on until next spring, that might happen this year? Now we're not talking about BCF's of gas, we're talking about small amounts at the margin, could it be 100 million to 200 million cubic feet a day. But just by eliminating some paper backlogs, there's some projects that are sitting there that are all approved and just haven't made it through the regulatory process yet. Or whether it be by doing things like lifting the maximum rate limitations on oil, to simply say, well gee, normally you would only produce at a certain rate, but for this short period of time, over a month or two, we'll remove that limitation, because we don't think it's going to damage the reservoir. And let you produce a little bit more, kind of full out, but then we'll put it back on to make sure the reservoir isn't damaged. Those types of little things, there's five or six of them that we're working very hard on to add some gas to the market, again, not major things, but every little bit counts.
Brian Stempeck: If you had to ballpark it, if you gave us kind of an example of how much more gas would we be talking? You know are we talking about 5 percent more than what Canada is already producing? Can you give us kind of a number there?
Greg Stringham: Yacht, the number that we're, it's still very early days, but the number that we're seeing is probably a 100 million to 200 million cubic feet a day.
Brian Stempeck: OK. Also on natural gas, in the United States we've seen a major push now for more offshore development. Is that something that's happening in Canada as well? I mean what new places are you looking as the market sends prices higher?
Greg Stringham: Over the longer term, instead of just this winter, I mean the big thing that's hitting in Canada right now is the development of nonconventional gas. So that's first and we do have some offshore development, offshore of Nova Scotia, of natural gas. And there's a lot of oil offshore in Newfoundland that's coming on stream, but right now the coal bed methane, or natural gas from coal as we call it in Canada, is just really starting to develop. In the United States you're about 15 years ahead of us on that. It's just waiting for the price signal. We didn't have a section 29 tax credit that caused it to move forward, but the prices now are seeing drilling just take off in those areas. So that will be the next source of resource that comes on and that's coming on this winter over the next four to five years. And then after that we'll be looking north. And the Mackenzie Valley pipeline and the Alaska pipelines are being looked at, Mackenzie first, then Alaska. And then beyond that, then we're starting to look at other regimes that could be offshore East Coast or West Coast that could come forward.
Brian Stempeck: Now I was going to ask you about the Mackenzie pipeline. This is a fairly controversial project. You tested with the tribal groups in northern Canada, who said they oppose this. I believe it's gone to court as well. What's the current status of that? I mean how far ahead at you looking in terms of getting that bill?
Greg Stringham: It was on track for about 2010, which I mean it takes about two years for regulatory approval and about three years for construction. So that's about on track as fast as it could go right now. Recently there have been some developments where our federal government has stepped in to help solve some of the Aboriginal or First Nation's issues, as we call them in Canada. There are still some negotiations going on in that and so it's all primed and ready to go to the regulatory phase, whether it be weeks, months or perhaps until just beginning of the new year, we're not sure exactly. But it's on that track and once that gets on that track we're looking at about four to five years before the gas starts flowing.
Brian Stempeck: What about liquefied natural gas? Isn't that the major issue in the US in terms of trying to build terminals to accept these imports? What's progressing on that front in Canada?
Greg Stringham: Well as you well know, there's the 40 odd, or maybe even higher than that now, proposals in the United States. In Canada we have our share as well. There's about eight proposals in Canada right now for LNG receiving terminals to come in. Two of them are actually underway, both on the east coast of Canada, which is right close to the big consumption areas of Boston and New York in the United States with a pipeline that already accesses them. So they have found some sites that are acceptable and they're building and under construction right now. They started off with two that were about half a BCF a day each. They've now doubled them, so we're talking about two at a BCF a day each that are under construction and would be able to supply some gas on the market. Again, the timeframe on construction is about two to three years.
Brian Stempeck: All right Greg, we're out of time. We're going to stop there. Thanks a lot for coming in today.
Greg Stringham: My pleasure, thank you.
Brian Stempeck: I'm Brian Stempeck. This is OnPoint. Thanks for watching.
[End of Audio]


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A Qualitative Study of Organisational Transformation: Theoretical Appraisal of Management Practices Utilising Change Management Process Models and a Complex Adaptive Systems Framework
2017-06-19T01:58:38Z (GMT) by
This case study explores transformational change in the context of a large, multi-national corporation facing significant, external environmental threat. Adopting theoretical perspectives from both change management and complex adaptive systems theory, the study depicts conditions created by management that enabled successful transformational change. Findings revealed that a non-linear, emergent and co-created change process based primarily on complex adaptive systems theory, enabled the subject organisation to actively adapt to external challenges. Key management practices that assisted in providing appropriate conditions for transformation included open-mindedness, relinquishing control, organisational agility, valuing the commitment of employees to initiate and enact change, and knowledge sharing.
In Copyright