text:
- "I had a dream... In the dream, dark storm clouds were billowing over the land of Hyrule... But suddenly, a ray of light shot out of the forest, parted the clouds and lit up the ground... The light turned into a figure holding a green and shining stone, followed by a fairy... I know this is a prophecy that someone would come from the forest... Yes, I thought you might be the one... Oh, I'm sorry! I got carried away with my story and didn't even properly introduce myself! I am Zelda, Princess of Hyrule."
- — Princess Zelda
Zelda, Princess of Hyrule, best known simply as Princess Zelda (ゼルダ姫 Zeruda-hime?, ) is the name for several female members of Hyrule's Royal Family who play an integral role in the history of Hyrule. Though each is the titular character of the Legend of Zelda series, the actual player character is each era's respective Link.
Just as there are multiple Links, there are multiple Zeldas throughout the series. Generally close in age to her respective Link, Zelda is most often portrayed as a child, but has been portrayed as an adult on four occasions: in Zelda II: The Adventure of Link, The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess, and The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword.
Zelda is depicted as a kind and benevolent ruler. As the holder of the Triforce of Wisdom, she is wise beyond her years and intelligent enough to rule her people. She always wishes to do what is right for her people and is extremely self-sacrificing. Though not always capable of defending herself or her people on her own, Zelda is willing to use any means necessary to aid her allies to achieve those ends, no matter the cost to herself.
Physical appearance
Zelda is portrayed as a young girl or beautiful young woman, usually with blonde hair. In Twilight Princess, however (and therefore in Super Smash Bros. Brawl, in which her appearance is based off of that of Twilight Princess), she is depicted as a brunette. She also has light brown hair in The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past (though she is depicted as being blonde in artwork), and auburn hair in The Adventure of Link. She often wears jewelry such as ornate earrings, as well as a royal gown of white, pink, lavender, or another pale color (red in The Adventure of Link), usually bearing the Royal Family's crest.
Associated with the Goddess Nayru and the Triforce of Wisdom, Zelda possesses keen insight and good judgment—although this does not always aid her in avoiding capture. Most of Zelda's incarnations are also gifted with innate psychic or magical powers, such as telepathy and precognition. Although her full range of abilities has yet to be revealed, Zelda has demonstrated the ability to cast spells, create or annul barriers and seals, and shoot a bow. In Twilight Princess she wields a sword, though it is unknown if she truly possesses any fencing skills. Zelda's alter egos also appear to have specialized abilities of their own.
Spoiler warning: Plot or ending details follow.
Zelda has appeared in nearly all Legend of Zelda games with varying degrees of significance. The only exception to date has been The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening, where she is briefly referenced but does not make an actual appearance. According to The Adventure of Link, all princesses in Hyrule have been called Zelda since the first Princess Zelda.
The Legend of Zelda
Zelda is kidnapped by Ganon, who imprisons her in his lair on Death Mountain. Before she was kidnapped, she shattered the Triforce of Wisdom into eight shards and scattered them throughout Hyrule to hide them from Ganon and prevent him from gaining its power. She then sent her nursemaid Impa in search of a hero that could reassemble the Triforce of Wisdom and be courageous and powerful enough to defeat Ganon and rescue her. Zelda is not actually seen in this game until after Ganon is defeated.
Zelda II: The Adventure of Link
The sequel to The Legend of Zelda plays on the classic tale of Sleeping Beauty. The Zelda in this game is not the one from the first game, but rather her ancestor. Long ago, the power of the Triforce had belonged to one man alone, a great King of Hyrule; however, before his death, he divided the artifact and concealed the part called the Triforce of Courage; the heir to the throne could inherit only the rest.
Before his death, the King had imparted a secret to his daughter, Princess Zelda; it is generally presumed, though not confirmed, that this secret was the location of the Triforce of Courage. Whatever the secret was, the Princess refused to reveal it, even when her brother and one of his counselors, a Magician, threatened her. In his anger, the Magician put a powerful sleeping curse on the Princess, despite the objections of the new King. The exertions caused the Magician himself to drop dead after casting the spell, so he could not be induced to undo it. Devastated, the grieving brother had his sister locked in a tower of the North Castle, and decreed that every female born into the royal family would thereafter be named Zelda, in memory of the tragedy. Link, the hero of the game, eventually reclaims the lost section of the Triforce and awakens this Zelda from her perpetual slumber.
The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past
Princess Zelda is one of the Seven Maidens descended from the sages who sealed Ganon away during the Imprisoning War. At the beginning of the game, she is imprisoned in the dungeon of Hyrule Castle by Agahnim, who plans on sacrificing her along with the other six maidens in order to break the seal between the Light and Dark World. This would free Agahnim's alter ego, Ganon, from the Dark World and allow him to wreak havoc on Hyrule. Zelda telepathically calls for help, contacting both Link's Uncle and Link in their house.
Link rescues Zelda and takes her into the Sanctuary, where she remains under the protection of the Loyal Sage for part of the game. After Link retrieves the Master Sword from the Lost Woods, Zelda is kidnapped by Agahnim's henchmen and sent to the Dark World in his final ritual, breaking the seal. She is not seen again until she is rescued by Link from Turtle Rock. Saving her and the other six maidens opens the entrance to Ganon's Tower, the final dungeon of the game. Zelda is last seen together with her revived father in the end credits sequence.
The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening
Dazed after being shipwrecked, Link awakens in the house of Marin and Tarin. Seeing Marin, he mistakes her for Zelda. The princess is not mentioned or seen in the game again.
The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time
Zelda is the daughter of the King of Hyrule, and eventually the Seventh Sage and the holder of the Triforce of Wisdom. She is also the leader of the sages. The heir to the royal family, she is of the Hylian race with blonde hair and blue eyes. She begins the game as a young girl about 10-12 years old, who is gifted with psychic abilities. In a dream of symbolic importance, she senses Ganondorf's treachery and predicts Link's arrival before either occurs. When Link meets her for the first time in Hyrule Castle's courtyard, she sends him on a quest to collect the three Spiritual Stones and protect the Triforce from Ganondorf. When Ganondorf attacks Hyrule Castle, Zelda and her nursemaid, Impa, flee the castle on horseback. The Princess throws the Ocarina of Time into the moat in front of Hyrule Castle Town for Link to retrieve; as he touches it, Zelda appears before him in a vision and teaches him the "Song of Time", the final key to the Sacred Realm.
When Link awakens from his seven-year slumber in the Sacred Realm, he encounters Zelda, disguised as a young man of about Link's age named Sheik, who claims to be a survivor of the Sheikah tribe. Thereafter, Sheik gives Link clues to the locations of the various temples, and teaches him special songs enabling him to warp to specific points near these temples. After the final temple guardian is conquered, Zelda risks her life by revealing her identity and disclosing her position as the Seventh Sage. She informs Link that both of them hold pieces of the Triforce and gives him the Light Arrows, but moments later is captured by Ganondorf and imprisoned in a pink crystal in his castle. Following Ganondorf's defeat, she is freed and assists Link in his escape from the collapsing fortress. She then helps Link defeat Ganon by holding him in place with her magic while Link delivers the final blow. After Hyrule is saved, Zelda uses the Ocarina of Time to send Link back to the past, allowing him to regain his lost seven years.
The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask
When Link retrieves the Ocarina of Time from the Skull Kid, he is overcome with memories about his departure from Hyrule. In a flashback, the young Princess Zelda from Ocarina of Time is seen saying her goodbyes to Link; she gives him the Ocarina of Time to help him on his journey, and teaches him the "Song of Time" again, which becomes vital to the completion of the game. Zelda makes no further appearances.
The Legend of Zelda: Oracle of Ages and Oracle of Seasons
Impa tells Link she has been sent by Zelda to guard Din, the Oracle of Seasons, and Nayru, the Oracle of Ages, and to escort them back to Hyrule. Zelda herself will only appear in a Linked Game. She is briefly captured, either by the Great Moblin or Vire depending on which game is played, but Link rescues her. She then stays safely with Impa for a while. Towards the end of the game, she becomes upset at seeing the citizenry distraught over the evil powers pervading the land and speaks to them encouragingly to not give up hope. While she is out and about, Twinrova kidnaps her in a plan to revive Ganon, attempting to sacrifice her in order to light the Flame of Despair. Link saves her by defeating Twinrova, who sacrifice their own bodies instead of Zelda's. After Link defeats the mindless Ganon, Zelda kisses him on the cheek in gratitude.
The Legend of Zelda: Four Swords
In the beginning of the game, Zelda goes to the Sanctuary of the Four Sword with her childhood friend, Link, to check on the seal containing the Wind Mage, Vaati. The seal has weakened, however, and Vaati emerges and kidnaps Zelda in order to make her his bride. The four Links eventually save Zelda and seal Vaati away again.
The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker
Near the beginning of The Wind Waker, Link saves a young pirate girl named Tetra after the Helmaroc King drops her into the nearby forest on Outset Island. After the bird kidnaps Link's sister Aryll, Tetra and her pirates bring Link to the Forsaken Fortress to rescue Aryll. During the race for Nayru's Pearl Link runs into Tetra at Windfall Island, where he steals the bombs from her pirate ship. Tetra allows Link until morning before she comes after him and Jabun. Link meets Tetra one last time, at the Forsaken Fortress, where she saves his sister and warns him of the Helmaroc King. She then attempts to save Link during his confrontation with Ganondorf. Her blows are easily deflected and Ganondorf strikes back, grabbing Tetra by the neck. Before he can do anything to her, his Triforce resonates, showing him that he has finally found Princess Zelda.
At that moment, the Ritos Quill and Prince Komali fly through the open windows, grab Link and Tetra, and fly off. Link then takes Tetra to ancient Hyrule beneath the Great Sea, where the King, Daphnes Nohansen Hyrule, reveals that she is the last descendant of the Royal Family. She then receives the other half of the Triforce of Wisdom, revealing her true identity as Princess Zelda. She hides in Hyrule while Link embarks on another mission. Once Link completes this mission, Zelda is kidnapped by Ganondorf, who takes her to his tower. Link storms the castle, defeats Puppet Ganon, and faces off against Ganondorf in a final battle. Zelda aids Link during the battle by shooting Light Arrows at their foe. After defeating Ganondorf, Link and Zelda, once again in the form of Tetra, return to the Great Sea and embark on a new adventure together, searching for a land to call their own.
The Legend of Zelda: Four Swords Adventures
Worried about the seal on Vaati, Zelda goes with six other mystical maidens to check on the Sanctuary of the Four Sword, and Link accompanies her. Something goes horribly wrong, however, and a dark shadowy Link attacks them. Link is forced to draw the Four Sword to fight Shadow Link, and Vaati escapes. The girls are abducted, and the Links come to their rescue. Zelda helps them defeat Shadow Link, and after Vaati is dispatched, the five quickly flee the collapsing Tower of Winds. Finally, the Links face Ganon, who is behind all the mischief, and Zelda helps them deliver the final blow.
The Legend of Zelda: The Minish Cap
Princess Zelda is the daughter of King Daltus of Hyrule. Prior to the events of the game, she and Link attended Funday School.
At the story's start, she takes Link, whom she has been friends with since they were infants, to the Picori Festival in Hyrule Town. During the ceremony following the Picori Festival Tournament, she is turned into stone by the winner, Vaati. Vaati is an evil mage searching for a legendary Light Force, and knowing Zelda has mystical powers of her own, he wants to keep her out of the way. Later, discovering that her power is, in fact, the Light Force, Vaati invades Hyrule Castle and abducts the petrified Princess, planning to sacrifice her and become a god. Link, after reforging the Four Sword, attacks the castle and faces off against Vaati. Upon defeating the evil mage, Link uses the power of the Four Sword to restore Zelda, who tells Link she had seen him on his adventure as if through a dream, to normal. Zelda then uses the power of the Magic Cap to return the castle to its natural shape.
The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess
Zelda was the young matriarch of Hyrule until its invasion by Zant, the Twilight King, to whom she surrendered in order to prevent the death of her people. Subsequently, she is imprisoned inside a tower in Hyrule Castle, although unlike her people, she does not become a spirit under the influence of the Twilight (possibly due to her implied possession of the Triforce of Wisdom). It is here that she meets Link, transformed into a wolf by the Twilight's power. Later, she expends all of her power, even losing her physical form, in order to save a dying Midna. She regains her body later only to become possessed by Ganondorf, but his influence is purged from her body by Midna with the power of the Fused Shadows. Ganondorf makes another attempt on Zelda's life soon after, but she is protected by the Light Spirits of Hyrule, who grant her the magical Light Arrows so she can assist Link in part of his final battle. The last time she is seen in the game is when she and Link bid Midna goodbye at the Mirror of Twilight.
According to Zelda's card in the official Twilight Princess trading card deck, she was going to become Queen of Hyrule. Zant's invasion came a few days before her scheduled coronation, thus preventing it from taking place. The game manual for the non-canonical Super Smash Bros. Brawl, which uses Zelda in her Twilight Princess form, does refer to her as the Queen of Hyrule—implying that once Link lifted the Twilight, the coronation took place as planned.
The Legend of Zelda: Phantom Hourglass
While Princess Zelda does not make a physical appearance in-game as such, she is seen as Tetra with her original name and appearance. Zelda is also shown with her classic princess appearance in the prologue. At some points in the game, the pirates call Tetra "Princess Zelda", much to her annoyance.
The Legend of Zelda: Spirit Tracks
As revealed in the game's storyline, Tetra and Link founded New Hyrule and befriended the Lokomo guardian of the Tower of Spirits, Anjean. The Zelda of Spirit Tracks, the princess of New Hyrule, is the granddaughter of Tetra. This marks the first time a Zelda has been playable in a canonical Zelda game.
When awarding Link with the title of Royal Engineer during his Graduation Ceremony, Zelda slips him a note, warning him of the suspicious Chancellor Cole and instructing Link to take a hidden path and meet her in secret. Zelda requests Link's aid in investigating the mystery of the vanishing Spirit Tracks, which entails Link helping her sneak out of the castle. She then presents Link with a change of clothing, the Recruit Uniform, which will help Link blend in with the similarly dressed guards as they escape the castle. Upon exiting the castle, Link and Zelda enlish the aid of Alfonzo, Link's Master Engineer and mentor, to take them towards the Tower of Spirits. However, the tracks begin to vanish out from underneath their train before they witness the tower's levels being separated and then are stopped in their tracks by Chancellor Cole and Byrne. Byrne easily defeats Link and Alfonzo while Cole uses his magic to force Zelda's spirit out of her body.
With only Link about to see her, Zelda helps him obtain a sword before the two make their way Tower of Spirits where Anjean tells them that Zelda's body contains a sacred power and that Cole took it in order to serve as a vessel for the Demon King Malladus. Learning that she can inhabit Phantoms to aid Link, Zelda proceeds to help him restore the tracks and the Tower of Spirits to its former glory to keep Malladus trapped. However, Cole manages to release his master as he enters Zelda's body. Using a specially made Phantom, Zelda aids Link in defeating Cole and forcing Malladus out of her body. With Bryne holding Malladus off, Zelda manages to return to her body before she aids Link in destroying the Demon King when he resorts to entering Cole's body. Soon after, Zelda joins Link in saying their farewells to the Lokomo.
The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword
Unlike in earlier installments, Zelda does not bear the title of princess. She resides in Skyloft, where she attends the same boarding school as Link and rides a blue Loftwing. A childhood friend of Link and the object of affection of Link's rival Groose, Zelda has been confirmed to be Link's love interest throughout the game, as she shows to be very cheerful around him and rather nervous when alone with him, such as she bashfully asked him to fly around in the skies together, like a date. Link also reciprocates these feelings. Toward the beginning of the game, she is swept off of her Loftwing by a tornado caused by Ghirahim. Before she is captured, however, she is snatched up by Impa and undergoes a journey to be purified in the springs of the Skyview Temple and the Earth Temple. Zelda is eventually brought to the Temple of Time where she manages to give the Goddess's Harp to Link before she and Impa enter a Gate of Time to evade Ghirahim.
It is only after Link finds a second Gate of Time that it is revealed that Zelda is an incarnation of Hylia. She also confesses to manipulating Link's feelings for her so that he could fulfill his destiny, a deed for which she is very remorseful. In order to maintain the seal on the Demise, Zelda imprisons herself in a crystal and falls into a state of hibernation, asking Link to wake her up when his mission is complete before she does so.
After Link wishes for the destruction of Demise with the Triforce, Zelda awakens from her hibernation, though her reunion with Link, Groose, and the Old Woman is cut short as Ghirahim abducts her. He takes Zelda through the remaining Gate of Time to resurrect Demise in the past, which he means to accomplish by performing a ritual on Zelda that will allow the Imprisoned to swallow her life force. Though Zelda's life force is taken by Demise, Link manages to defeat the demon to return Zelda's soul to her body. Soon after, Zelda is saddened to learn that Impa intends to remain in the past to safeguard the Master Sword, learning that Impa aged into the Sealed Grounds' overseer in their timeline as the old lady welcomed them back before vanishing. Soon after, Zelda decided to live on the Surface while asking Link what he will do. Based on his reaction with a smile, and how both their Loftwings fly off in the distance, it is implied that Link has decided to live on the Surface with Zelda.
Non-canonical appearances
Non-canon warning: This article or section contains non-canonical information that is not considered to be an official part of the Legend of Zelda series and should not be considered part of the overall storyline.
Although information is only considered series canon if it comes from the games or instruction booklets (where there is conflict, the games themselves are the accepted source), or occasionally other Nintendo materials, there are a number of other officially licensed Zelda stories. Many of these explore the relationship with Link in greater depth than the actual games.
The Legend of Zelda: Mystical Seed of Courage
Princess Zelda was set to appear in the unreleased game Mystical Seed of Courage. In the game, she was to be the one responsible for managing the four seasons of Hyrule, in a role similar to Din's in Oracle of Seasons. She would be kidnapped by Ganon, which, along with the disappearance of the Rod of Seasons, would cause Hyrule's seasons to go out of control.
CD-i games
Zelda was featured in three games made by a third party for the Phillips CD-i system. In Link: The Faces of Evil (1993), she was kidnapped by Ganon and had to be rescued. In Zelda: The Wand of Gamelon (1993) and Zelda's Adventure (1994), Princess Zelda was the main protagonist, as the plot in both games involves Link's kidnapping. The games are generally criticized by fans, although they are noteworthy as the first time Zelda has been a playable character in any game.
Game & Watch: Zelda
According to the manual, Princess Zelda is Link's "sweetheart" who is kidnapped and imprisoned by Eight Dragons wreaking havoc on mankind. Link needs to gather eight pieces of the Triforce and slay all eight dragons in order to free her.
Because of the limitations of the LCD screen, there is no elaborate ending sequence. When the eighth dragon has been defeated, Princess Zelda walks out of her prison and right up to Link (just as she does in The Adventure of Link) as if to embrace him, but the animation ends just before they meet, leaving the end result up to the player's imagination.
Super Smash Bros. Melee
Zelda appears as a playable character in Super Smash Bros. Melee (the 2001 sequel to Super Smash Bros), in her adult incarnation from Ocarina of Time. She debuted first as Sheik, and it was later revealed that this was one of the character's two forms. Zelda is one of the most diverse characters in the entire game as she is actually two characters in one, each with its own unique moves, attacks, and fighting style. At any time during play, she can change form to take advantage of the full range of her abilities. This unique gameplay mechanic made her one of the most anticipated characters during the game's pre-release hype.
Initially, the player assumes control as Zelda, although it is possible to start a round as Sheik by holding down the A button following selection of a stage until the round begins. Zelda is somewhat slow but is rather graceful and agile, and her special attacks, if they connect, are extremely powerful—boosted by magic, if the sparkles and flashes of light are any indication. Her aerial movements and dodging skill, as well as her attacks' high priority and strong impact, make her an ideal counter-defensive character. She is very much built for defensive attacking, but her moves leave her very open if timed incorrectly, and if attacked, her gracefulness can work against her. She has a light frame and is easily sent flying.
Zelda's B button attacks lend themselves to this defensive style of play as well. Din's Fire is a long range setup attack allowing the player to control a guided fire "mine," which explodes upon release. Nayru's Love is a crystal shield which not only reflects projectiles, but damages nearby enemies and pushes them away. Farore's Wind is Zelda's third jump, a teleport move which can be directed and has enormous range, but leaves her somewhat vulnerable. If Zelda invokes the teleport while physically touching an enemy character, that character will take damage, but this is very hard to pull off in practice. Fans may remember her three magic attacks as the same ones Link acquired in Ocarina of Time, albeit with quite different applications. Instead of a fourth attack, her final command is the transformation to Sheik.
As Sheik, the character is completely different. Sheik is not only extremely fast, but also easy to control, making her a very popular character both in casual circles and in the tournament scene. Her close range attacks are possibly the fastest and most easily chainable of any character, with her martial arts training allowing fluid and swift ninja-like attacks. Sheik is at her best when using her speed and high-momentum attacks for an evasion-based "hit-and-run" offense. Her needle throwing attack is extremely flexible, and can be used to start combos or keep the enemy at bay. Her chain whip, while situational, is an excellent way to sabotage an opponent's strategy by interrupting their movements. Her Deku Nut-concealed vanish move is shorter than Farore's Wind but leaves Sheik much less open to attack, and is easier to use as an attack as well.
The instruction booklet and in-game trophies refer to Sheik as a female; it is also interesting to note that Sheik's poses and general body form in Super Smash Bros. Melee are considerably more feminine than those in Ocarina of Time. In Super Smash Bros. Melee, Zelda and Sheik are voiced by Jun Mizusawa.
Super Smash Bros. Brawl
Although Zelda's design is now based off of her appearance in Twilight Princess, she retains her Sheik transformation. As Sheik, game director Masahiro Sakurai states that her updated character design is based on a potential design made in the early drafting stages of Twilight Princess. This version of Sheik now carries a small blade at the waist and sports longer hair in the back, tied in a similar style to her Princess Zelda form. Interestingly enough, Sheik's hair remains blonde, while Princess Zelda's updates to light brown per her Twilight Princess appearance. As Nintendo established via Sheik's trophy in Super Smash Bros. Melee that the Sheik disguise was a magical costume change, the magic could presumably explain the hair color as well.
The changes to Zelda's move set in this game were mostly balancing issues. Essentially, Zelda was powered up, with several of her moves being made more powerful and easier to execute. This can be seen in Din's Fire, which is substantially more powerful than in Super Smash Bros. Melee, and in several of Zelda's Smash Attacks, which literally "stop time" for a moment before sending the opposing character flying off the screen. She retains her massively powerful "Lightning Kick" from Super Smash Bros. Melee. Sheik's attacks, meanwhile, were made weaker but faster.
Zelda and Sheik both have the same Final Smash: the Light Arrow. The Light Arrow is a powerful attack that inflicts heavy damage in a straight line originating from Zelda or Sheik. When Zelda uses the attack, it sends anyone it hits in a more upward direction that Sheik's version.
Supposedly, the development team of Super Smash Bros. Brawl was originally going to create a Toon Zelda/Toon Sheik character as well, but the idea was abandoned.
In the game's story mode, "The Subspace Emissary", Zelda is watching a match between Mario and Kirby alongside Princess Peach. When the flying battleship Halberd appears over the stadium, both princesses join Mario and Kirby in fighting off the enemies that emerge from it. After the fight, Mario is blown out of the stadium, and Zelda and Peach are captured by Petey Piranha, one of Mario's enemies. Kirby fights Petey to rescue the princesses, but can only save one of them (the player can choose which one). The other princess is turned into a trophy by Wario, and Kirby escapes with the rescued princess as the entire stadium is pulled into Subspace by a Subspace Bomb.
The rescued princess journeys alongside Kirby until she is attacked and turned into a trophy by Bowser, who uses a swarm of Shadow Bugs to create a clone of the princess. If the princess is Zelda, the clone tries to attack Link and Yoshi, but is intercepted and destroyed by Mario and Kid Icarus hero Pit. Link notices the battle just in time to see what appears to be Zelda's trophy dissolve into nothing, and attacks Mario and Pit in a rage.
Zelda and Peach are taken onto the Halberd, but are rescued when Metal Gear protagonist Solid Snake infiltrates the ship and defeats another pair of clones. Snake insists that the princesses stay were they are, but Peach and Zelda (who dons her Sheik disguise for the first time in the game) instead make their way to the upper deck of the ship, which has come under attack by Star Fox protagonist Fox McCloud. When Peach gets trapped in the crossfire, Sheik teleports into the air and directly attacks Fox's Arwing, forcing him to eject. Peach stops them before they can fight hand-to-hand. As they are joined by Snake and the Pokémon Lucario, a group of Mr. Game & Watches are forcibly ejected by Meta-Knight, who had infiltrated the Halberd with Lucario to take his ship back. The Game & Watches merge into the boss Duon, which is defeated by the heroes. Duon turns back into a single Mr. Game & Watch, who is befriended by Peach. The various heroes subsequently unite to launch an attack on the Subspace Realm from which the attacks have been originating.
Zelda is featured on four stickers. Two of these are titled "Young Zelda," while the other two are simply titled "Zelda." The first two depict artwork of Zelda as a child from Ocarina of Time and The Minish Cap, and provide a +20 bonus to electric attacks and a +16 bonus to battering resistance, respectively. The latter can only be used by Link, Toon Link, Zelda, and Ganondorf. The two stickers titled "Zelda" depict artwork of Zelda from A Link to the Past and of her adult form from Ocarina of Time. The former grants a +27 bonus to magic attacks and, like all other stickers that grant bonuses to magic attacks, can only be used by Zelda and Peach. The latter grants a +18 bonus to flame resistance and can only be used by Link, Toon Link, Zelda, and Ganondorf.
The Legend of Zelda animated series
- "Excuuuuuuuuse me, princess!"
- — Link
A set of Legend of Zelda cartoons aired on Fridays from 1989 to 1990 as a part of DiC's The Super Mario Bros. Super Show. The series loosely follows the NES Zelda games, mixing settings and characters from them with original creations. Zelda is depicted as a warrior princess who wears more comfortable and practical garb as opposed to her appearances in the games. In addition to running the kingdom part-time for her father, King Harkinian, she often accompanies Link on his adventures and is quite skilled in archery.
The series portrays an overt romantic relationship between the two protagonists. Link is always begging Zelda for a kiss; however, even when she agrees to indulge him, it never occurs. They are interrupted by monsters, or Spryte, or any number of unfortunate circumstances. It is directly revealed that Zelda loves Link in one episode, and there is no doubt of their romantic relationship in this series. Thirteen of these cartoons were produced before the cancellation of The Super Mario Bros. Super Show. Princess Zelda was voiced by Cynthia Preston in the cartoon.
A slightly altered version of this Princess Zelda appears in assorted episodes of Captain N: The Game Master.
The Legend of Zelda comics
Featuring characters and settings from the TV series, this fleetingly entertaining comic only ran for four issues. Although Zelda's feelings for Link are made quite clear, there is another element at play here: her duty to the Triforce, which must come before her own needs and desires. When Link is corrupted by the Triforce of Power in one story, this Zelda briefly possesses his Triforce of Courage, which will not reside with one who uses Power without Wisdom.
The Legend of Zelda series manga
Stories from a number of Zelda games have been adapted into manga in Japan. These official publications greatly expand parts of their respective games' backstories. As of Autumn 2008, these manga are being re-released in English in the United States.
Non-canon warning: Non-canonical information ends here.
Alter egos
Sheik is Princess Zelda's Sheikah alter ego in Ocarina of Time. Wearing a blue, possibly armored suit with the red Sheikah eye in the center, and with voice muffled and face concealed, the character is essentially unrecognizable and appears relatively masculine. It is possible that Zelda utilizes her magical skills in altering her appearance. Sheik plays a lyre and teaches Link new songs to help him on his quest. When Link arrives at the Temple of Time near the end of the game, Sheik transforms back into Princess Zelda.
Although Sheik is intended to appear masculine, it is unclear whether Princess Zelda physically transforms herself into a male or simply dresses herself to look like one. When Link encounters Princess Ruto in the Water Temple, Ruto explains, "A young man named Sheik rescued me from under the ice". Later, when Link obtains the Water Medallion, Ruto asks, "If you see Sheik, please give him my thanks". Additionally, a Gossip Stone in the Hyrule Castle Grounds says, "They say that contrary to her elegant image, Princess Zelda of Hyrule Castle is, in fact, a tomboy!"
Sheik is a playable character in both Super Smash Bros. Melee and Super Smash Bros. Brawl.
In the noncanonical Ocarina of Time manga, author Himekawa Akira depicts Zelda requesting her true identity be sealed. Impa then actually transforms Zelda into a male, adding some controversy as to the exact nature of Zelda's Sheik transformation.
Tetra is Zelda's alter ego from The Wind Waker, an accomplished sailor and pirate captain. Orphaned at a young age, she commands the utmost respect of her pirate crew due to her leadership and her strength through hardship. Tetra can be impatient, mischievous, and rude at times, but possesses a big heart beneath her gruff exterior.
Tetra is skilled with a catapult (or so she assures Link), and it is reasonable to assume she knows how to use the bombs she has her pirate crew steal at one point. As a member of the Royal Family, she can use the Pirate's Charm to communicate with its holder and keep an eye on his doings within a certain range. Curiously, she is much more tan as Tetra than when she assumes her Princess Zelda form. At the end of The Wind Waker, she resumes her identity as Tetra and sets sail with Link in search of the land that will become the New Hyrule. This leads into the events of Phantom Hourglass and Spirit Tracks.
Spoiler warning: Spoilers end here.
Relationships with other characters
Theory warning: This section contains theoretical information based on the research of one or several other users. It has not been officially verified by Nintendo and its factual accuracy is disputed.
A popular theory among fans is that of a romantic relationship between some of the Zelda and Link characters in the Zelda series. Although never explicitly confirmed in a video game title, this theory is based on hints given in the games, interviews with the game creators, and content of the animated series, comics, and manga (although the last three are generally considered non-canonical).
One hint of a romance between Zelda and Link is given at the end of The Adventure of Link, when the awakened Princess apparently kisses Link under the falling curtain. Some cutscenes in Ocarina of Time featuring the two together have been interpreted as signs of an attraction. For example, when Link follows Zelda out of Ganondorf's crumbling castle prior to the final battle, several hearts that recover the player's life energy are left by Zelda. While Link and Zelda are escaping Ganon's Castle, Zelda will additionally show her concern for Link by shouting out whenever he is hurt. Moreover, in the game's final scene, Zelda and Link are floating in the sky together, sharing a decidedly sentimental (if not necessarily romantic) moment. In addition, if the Oracle games are played as sequels to each other, the ultimate ending sequence shows Zelda lightly kissing Link on the cheek. Link swoons while hearts float above the pair's heads, and Zelda looks away, blushing.
In The Wind Waker, when Zelda is asked to stay in hiding in Hyrule Castle, she waves goodbye to Link, asking him to be careful. Afterwards, if Link visits one of Beedle's Shop Ships after meeting with Jabun, Beedle will ask Link if he knows Tetra. He then says "You have a bashful look on your face, Mr. Customer. You can't hide it from me! Yuk yuk yuk yuk yuk", implying that he can tell Link has feelings for Tetra.
Spirit Tracks features several moments that can be interpreted romantically. Early in the game during the Graduation Ceremony, Zelda walks into the room in front of Link, who is bowing down respectfully. Link then looks up and gasps, blushing at her in amazement. He is then scolded by Chancellor Cole for raising his head without permission. Later, when Zelda's spirit is separated from her body following the first encounter with Chancellor Cole and Byrne, Link is the only one who can see her besides the Lokomos, demonstrating a clear and strong bond between himself and the Princess. After Zelda and Link defeat Byrne in the Tower of Spirits, Byrne, disbelieving, comments that he was beaten by two mere children. Zelda, while still possessing a Phantom, says that when she and Link combine their strength, no one can defeat them. Link turns to her, surprised. The background turns white and Zelda's Lullaby plays as they both laugh and high-five, gazing at each other all the while. Toward the end of the game, before the final battle against Malladus, Zelda is reunited with her body, and is no longer able to levitate. Link runs underneath her to catch her as she falls, and she lands on top of him and knocks them both to the ground. Upon awakening, Zelda, overjoyed to have her body back, embraces Link, causing him to blush. Finally, after Malladus is defeated, Zelda and Link watch Anjean and Byrne's spirits ascend to the heavens. The camera then lowers to show Zelda and Link holding hands while Zelda's Lullaby plays in the background. After the credits, a short cut scene shows Zelda gazing at a picture of Link on the Spirit Train with her flying beside him, which she keeps on her desk.
Skyward Sword has several noticeable romantic moments between Link and Zelda. Early in the game, Zelda wants Link to be the first to see her outfit for the Wing Ceremony. She worries over him and she does not want him to fail at becoming a knight. When Link's Crimson Loftwing is hidden by Groose, Zelda assists Link in finding the bird. Along with that, after Link wins the Wing Ceremony, Zelda jumps off the ledge and Link catches her almost as if she was expecting him to and congratulates him on winning. Afterwards, Zelda mentions that she is very happy to be atop the Statue of the Goddess with him. She also gets extremely close to him and almost implies that the two are to kiss, before she pushes him off the statue. Afterward, Zelda bashfully asks Link to go out flying, and she tells Link how amazing the day was, and that she would remember it forever. At the Temple of Hylia, when Zelda states she must seal herself to keep Demise in place, she sheds tears of sadness and states before all this, she was happy just being with Link on Skyloft, demonstrating a deep level of feelings for Link. Link desperately tries to stop her and when she is sealed, Link lowers his head in sadness, showing his deep feelings for her. Much later in the game, when Link releases Zelda from her sealed state, Link runs up and catches her from falling and both of them hug and walk out smiling at each other, holding hands, before Ghirahim ruins the tender moment. During the ending, Zelda asks what Link will do now. Link smiles while his and Zelda's Loftwings fly off toward the sky, implying that he chose to stay on the Surface to live with Zelda.
The game creators also seem to be fond of the idea of romance between the characters.[1]
Though never directly stated in-game, Shigeru Miyamoto revealed in an interview conducted by Famimaga 64 that Navi is jealous of Princess Zelda and has feelings for Link.[2]
Another less popular theory among fans is that Link and Zelda are related by blood, either as siblings or more distantly. Even though rumors to this effect started with the infamous "Save the Princess... Zelda is your... ... ..." line from A Link to the Past (later reported as a mistranslation), the theory generally revolves around the Link and Zelda from Ocarina of Time.
A possible indication of a blood relation between the two in Ocarina of Time is their physical resemblance: they both have blonde hair, blue eyes, and similar facial features. They also have similarly shaped heads. Graphics limitations could be responsible for some of this similarity, however. Certain dialogue could also be perceived as implying a blood relation: the ghost Sharp comments that Link reminds him of Zelda, and that Link "may have some connection with the Royal Family".[3] Link's connection to the Royal Family is highlighted throughout the game, with Link often playing Zelda's Lullaby to verify it. The fact that Impa agrees to teach a strange boy a song only Royal Family members are allowed to know could also be interpreted as a hint at Link's blood relation to Hyrule's Royal Family. [4]
Additionally, Zelda seems to recognize Link's name upon their first meeting.[5] This could be attributed to her prophetic abilities, although the boy in her dreams seemed to be a largely abstract figure, with no defining traits aside from the presence of a guardian Fairy and a Spiritual Stone. This line of dialogue has often been regarded as a sign that the two have met before, although this could only have occurred when Link was a baby per the Great Deku Sprout's account of Link's coming to Kokiri Forest. It is also worth noting that while the King of Hyrule is clearly identified as Zelda's father, no mention is made of a Queen. Meanwhile, Link's mother is stated to have died shortly after reaching the forest, but no information is given concerning his father. Given these facts, it is possible that Zelda and Link share the same parents, making them siblings. The Skyward Sword Link and Zelda were presumably married after the ending, opening the possibility that Link and Zelda are cousins.
Beyond speculation, though, the only confirmed relationship between Zelda and Link is one of close friendship.
Theory warning: Theories end here.
In several games, Zelda has a nursemaid named Impa, a faithful servant who is largely responsible for raising her and cultivating her abilities. In The Legend of Zelda, Impa is her most trusted servant, the one whom she entrusts with the task of finding a hero to defeat Ganon. In The Adventure of Link, it is Impa who brings Link to the North Castle and recounts the story of the ancient curse on the sleeping Zelda.
The Impa from Ocarina of Time is a survivor of the mysterious Sheikah race. She protects and cares for Zelda, teaching Zelda and Link the ancestral melody known informally as Zelda's Lullaby, and fleeing the castle with Zelda when Ganondorf threatens the Princess in his attempt to enter the Sacred Realm. Impa then teaches Zelda the ways of the Sheikah, allowing her to hide in plain sight for seven years while she awaits Link's return. Impa is eventually revealed to be the Sage of Shadow, who must guard the Shadow Temple.
In the Oracle games, Impa is an agent operating in Zelda's employ, sent to the lands of Holodrum and Labrynna to bring the Oracles to safety in Hyrule.
In Skyward Sword, Impa protects Zelda from Ghirahim, following orders from the goddess Hylia.
Not much is known about Zelda's family; they are rarely mentioned or seen in-game. The king and the prince who were related to the cursed Zelda in The Adventure of Link are never even named—their actions merely provide an explanation for Zelda's fate and the Triforce's condition. The return of the King to Hyrule Castle is seen briefly in A Link to the Past's end sequence. The next time we hear of a royal relative is young Zelda's mention of her father in Ocarina of Time, but this is brief and he makes no appearance.
In The Wind Waker, Zelda's relations consist of a deceased mother who previously led her band of pirates, and an ancient ancestor who often takes the form of a talking boat. The first significant relationship shown is with King Daltus, father of Zelda in The Minish Cap. When Zelda is turned to stone, he is desperate to find a way to save her. The quest to do so also requires Link to communicate with the spirit of another royal ancestor, King Gustaf.
Shigeru Miyamoto has stated that Zelda's name was inspired by Zelda Fitzgerald. The name Zelda is generally believed to be Germanic in origin, meaning "gray fighting maid" or "woman warrior" and derived from the Old German Griselda ("dark battle").[6] Another possible origin is the Old English word selde ("companion").[7] Additionally, it is a Yiddish name meaning "happiness" or "luck".
It is noteworthy that Zelda's name can be associated with the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet, delta, which is shaped triangularly like the Triforce: the Dhimotiki (modern Greek) word for δέλτα (delta) is dhelda (pronounced IPA /ðel.da/), which is typically transliterated to katakana as zeruda. The name Tetra, meanwhile, is a numerical prefix meaning "four".
- ^ From an interview with Eiji Aonuma, the director of Ocarina of Time, Majora's Mask, The Wind Waker and Twilight Princess:
- Interviewer: We have received several emails in which our readers ask: Will Zelda and Link ever be involved (romantically)? [laughs] I'm sorry, but we had to ask.
- Eiji Aonuma: [laughs] Good question. Well, as you already know, we are now dealing with a teenage Link, and as you know, teenagers are very emotional beings, so there are definitely possibilities of seeing Link showing his feelings towards the princess. But honestly, we don't know what the future holds.
- ^ From an interview with Shigeru Miyamoto, conducted by Famimaga 64:
- Interviewer: Does Link have a girlfriend?
- Miyamoto: If it was Princess Zelda, it would be great. However, this time Navi [the fairy] is jealous of Zelda. So within the story, Navi feels something for Link.
- ^ Sharp: GYAAAAH! I'M DEAD AGAIN! What? You again? Somehow, you remind me of...Princess Zelda...Hmm... Since you may have some connection with the Royal Family, I will tell you a little more of our tale.
- ^ Impa: The song I just taught you has mysterious power. Only Royal Family members are allowed to learn this song. Remember, it will help you to prove your connection with the Royal Family.
- ^ Zelda: What's your name? Link: ...Link... Zelda: Strange, it sounds... familiar.
- ^ http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Griselda
- ^ http://www.babynamewizard.com/namipedia/girl/zelda
|Ganon · Link · Old Man · Princess Zelda
—Full list of characters
|Aquamentus · Dodongo · Manhandla · Gleeok · Digdogger · Gohma · Gannon
|Lake Hylia · Lost Hills · Lost Woods · Death Mountain · Graveyard · Spectacle Rock
—Full list of locations
|First Quest
|Level 1 · Level 2 · Level 3 · Level 4 · Level 5 · Level 6 · Level 7 · Level 8 · Level 9
|Second Quest
|Level 1 · Level 2 · Level 3 · Level 4 · Level 5 · Level 6 · Level 7 · Level 8 · Level 9
|2nd Potion · Arrow · Blue Candle · Blue Ring · Bomb · Book of Magic · Boomerang · Bow · Food · Letter · Life Potion · Magical Boomerang · Magical Key · Magical Rod · Power Bracelet · Raft · Recorder · Red Candle · Red Ring · Silver Arrow · Stepladder
|Wooden Sword · White Sword · Magical Sword · Small Shield · Magical Shield
|Quest Items
|Triforce of Wisdom
|Fairy · Gerudo · Hylian
|Dark Link · Ganon · Link · Princess Zelda
—Full list of characters
|Horsehead · Helmethead · Rebonack · Carock · Gooma · Barba · Thunderbird · Dark Link
|Western Hyrule · Eastern Hyrule · Lesser Hyrule · Maze Island
—Full list of locations
|Parapa Palace · Midoro Palace · Island Palace · Maze Island Palace · Ocean Palace · Hidden Palace · Great Palace
|P Bag · 1-up Doll · Magical Sword · Magical Shield · Candle · Flute · Handy Glove · Hammer · Raft · Boots · Magical Key · Cross
|Fairy Spell · Fire Spell · Jump Spell · Life Spell · Reflect Spell · Shield Spell · Spell Spell · Thunder Spell
|Quest Items
|Trophy · Water of Life · Kidnapped Child · Six Crystals · Triforce of Courage
|Fairy · Hylian
|Link (x4) · Princess Zelda · Vaati
—Full list of characters
|Deguchitato · Derazoru · Gouen · Vaati
|Chambers of Insight · Sea of Trees · Talus Cave · Death Mountain · Vaati's Palace · Hero's Trial · Realm of Memories
—Full list of locations
|Bomb · Boomerang · Bow · Bow-Wow · Four Sword · Shield
|Armor Seed · Fairy · Gnat Hat · Heart · Heart Container · Magnetic Glove · Pegasus Boots · Razor Seed · Roc's Cape · Rupee · Pegasus Seed · Small Key
|Quest Items
|Golden Key · Hero's Key · Medal of Courage · Silver Key
|Main Characters
|Link (x4) · Princess Zelda · Six Maidens · Vaati
—Full list of characters
|Phantom Ganon · Helmaroc King · Stone Arrghus · Jalhalla · Dagtail · Frostare · Big Dodongo · Vaati · Ganon
| Whereabouts of the Wind · Eastern Hyrule · Death Mountain · Near the Fields · The Dark World · The Desert of Doubt · Frozen Hyrule · Realm of the Heavens
—Full list of locations
|Bomb · Bombos Medallion · Boomerang · Bow · Fire Rod · Four Sword · Lantern · Magic Hammer · Quake Medallion · Shield · Slingshot
|Blue Bracelet · Carrot · Force Gem · Force Fairy · Heart · Heart Container · Moon Pearl · Pegasus Boots · Power Bracelet · Roc's Feather · Shovel · Small Key
|Quest Items
|Knight Mark · Letter · Magic Book · Royal Jewels · Vaati Barrier
|Gerudo · Goron · Hylian · Zuna
| Ezlo · King Daltus · Link · Princess Zelda · Smith · Vaati
—Full list of characters
|Big Green ChuChu · Gleerok · Mazaal · Big Octorok · Gyorg Pair · Vaati Reborn · Vaati Transfigured · Vaati's Wrath
| Castor Wilds · Cloud Tops · Eastern Hills · Hyrule Town · Lake Hylia · Lon Lon Ranch · Minish Woods · Mount Crenel · Mt. Crenel's Base · North Hyrule Field · Royal Valley · South Hyrule Field · Trilby Highlands · Veil Falls · Western Wood · Wind Ruins
|Deepwood Shrine · Cave of Flames · Fortress of Winds · Temple of Droplets · Royal Crypt · Palace of Winds · Dark Hyrule Castle
|Smith's Sword · White Sword · Four Sword · Small Shield · Mirror Shield · Bombs · Boomerang · Bow · Cane of Pacci · Gust Jar
|Bottle · Flame Lantern · Flippers · Grip Ring · Mole Mitts · Ocarina of Wind · Power Bracelets · Roc's Cape
|Quest Items
|Elements · Kinstones · Tiger Scrolls
|Deku · Fairy · Goron · Human · Hylian · Minish · Wind Tribe
|Bellum · Ciela · Linebeck · Link · Ocean King · Oshus · Tetra
—Full list of characters
|Blaaz · Cyclok · Crayk · Diabolical Cubus Sisters · Dongorongo · Gleeok · Eox · Bellum · Ghost Ship · Bellumbeck
|Bannan Island · Cannon Island · Goron Island · Harrow Island · Isle of Ember · Isle of Frost · Isle of Gust · Isle of Ruins · Isle of the Dead · Mercay Island · Molida Island · Zauz's Island
—Full list of locations
|Temple of Fire · Temple of Wind · Temple of Courage · Ghost Ship · Goron Temple · Temple of Ice · Mutoh's Temple · Temple of the Ocean King
|Oshus's Sword · Wooden Shield · Boomerang · Bombs · Bow · Bombchus · Grappling Hook · Hammer · Phantom Sword · Shovel · Fishing Rod
|Quest Items
|Leaf · Neri · Ciela · Pure Metals · Phantom Hourglass · Spirit Gem
|Anouki · Deity · Fairy · Gerudo · Goron · Human · Hylian · Yook
|Anjean · Byrne · Chancellor Cole · Link · Malladus · Princess Zelda
—Full list of characters
|Stagnox · Fraaz · Phytops · Cragma · Byrne · Skeldritch · Demon Train · Chancellor Cole · Malladus
|New Hyrule
| Fire Realm · Forest Realm · Ocean Realm · Sand Realm · Snow Realm
—Full list of locations
|Forest Temple · Snow Temple · Ocean Temple · Fire Temple · Sand Temple · Tower of Spirits
|Lokomo Sword · Rail Map · Recruit's Sword · Recruit Uniform · Spirit Flute · Spirit Tracks · Spirit Train · Stamp Book · Tears of Light
|Boomerang · Whip · Whirlwind · Bow · Sand Wand · Bow of Light
|Anouki · Demon · Goron · Hylian · Lokomo


text:
The mod_status Apache module enables you to view real-time status information about a web server's activity and performance. (To view the status page for the web server of the Apache project itself, you can visit https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_status.html.)
We do not support the mod_status module on any of our managed hosting packages. However, you can install and configure the module yourself on any unmanaged product.
For more information about the mod_status module, please visit https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_status.html.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Should a minister or a missionary, or indeed a Christian, drink alcohol? For missionaries to Muslim countries the answer perhaps is clear. Alcohol is forbidden in those lands. Nor does the Bible appear to give a definite answer at first glance. But there are principles taught in the Bible which are meant to influence our behaviour.
However, before we examine the Scriptures let us take into account the modern situation, for it is very different from Bible times in several respects.
In the first place, as far as beverages containing alcohol are concerned, in Bible times there was basically just wine and a form of beer. Today there are many alcoholic beverages including very strong spirits and for many young people a tempting step down to the abuse of other substances, in other words, stronger drugs. The possibilities of becoming seriously inebriated are very much greater.
Secondly, modern civilization has produced many potentially dangerous situations, such as driving motor vehicles and planes, etc. In Bible times if a man got drunk and mounted his donkey he would be unlikely to cause a serious accident, but a driver of any motorized vehicle today who is under the influence of alcohol can become guilty of manslaughter within seconds of starting to drive. The modern situation is therefore much more complicated.
Thirdly, modern science has discovered much more about alcohol and the human body than could have been known in Bible times. In a programme shown on BBC television doctors stated that alcohol can cause many diseases.[1] It is now classified as a drug, and affects the brain and bodily functions in a variety of ways. It is for these practical reasons as well as Bible teaching that should influence our decision in this matter.
Again, before we look at the Bible evidence, let us remember that in Bible times, apart from water, milk and freshly squeezed fruit juice, wine was about the only common beverage available. Water, perhaps, would not always be safe or available, hence Paul's advice to Timothy, who was having stomach trouble, in 1 Timothy5:23. But it is very important to remember that several ways of preventing grape juice from fermenting were known. The simplest and most common was simply to boil it. This killed the yeast. If the resulting thickened liquid was then stored in a new wineskin, i.e. one not tainted with yeast cells, it would remain unfermented for a long time. To use it people would squeeze a portion into a cup and dilute it with water.
Now when we turn to the Bible we must consider the various words used.
Old Testament.
There are two Hebrew words used for wine in the Old Testament. The most common word is yayin. This word is used about 140 times to indicate both fermented and unfermented wine. It is used of fermented wine in such
passages as Genesis 9:20-21; 19:32-33; 1 Samuel 25:36-37; Prov. 23:30-31. The same word is used for the sweet unfermented juice of the grape. It is also used of the juice as it is pressed from the grape, as for example in Isaiah 16:10 and Jeremiah 48:33. Jeremiah refers to juice still in the grape as yayin.
The Jewish Encyclopedia (1901) states: 'Fresh wine before fermentation was called yayin-mi-gat [wine of the vat] (accessed via the internet). [2]
The other relevant Hebrew word is tirosh, a word meaning 'new wine' or 'harvest wine.' Brown, Driver, Briggs (A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, accessed via the internet) states that tirosh means 'fresh or new wine, freshly pressed wine'. Tirosh occurs 38 times in the OT. It rarely refers to fermented wine (but cf. Hos. 4:11), but nearly always to the unfermented juice of the grape, such as the juice that is still in the grapes (Isaiah 65:8) or juice from newly harvested grapes (Deut. 11:14; Prov. 3:10; Joel 2:24). The Jewish Encyclopedia (1901) states that ''tirosh' includes all kinds of sweet juices and must, and does not include fermented wine.'
(3) In addition to these two words translated 'wine' there is another Hebrew word that occurs 23 times in the Old Testament. This is the word shekar, usually translated as 'beer' (e.g. 1Samuel1:15) or 'fermented drink (Numbers 6:3). This word seems to refer most often to a fermented beverage perhaps made from palm juice, pomegranates, apples or dates.
New Testament
The Greek word for wine is oinos. This can refer both to fermented and to unfermented grape juice. The use of this word to refer to unfermented grape juice is testified to in various pre-Christian and early Christian writers. But this fact can be seen within the Bible itself, because in the Septuagint (Greek version of the Old Testament) oinos is used to translate both yayin (a term referring to both fermented and unfermented grape juice) and tirosh (unfermented juice). The context normally indicates which is intended. But this is not always the case. So, for example, the oft quoted 'use a little wine for your stomach's sake' (1 Timothy5:23) may refer to either.
What about the Lord's Supper? One fact that surprises many people who assume that fermented wine was used in the institution of the Lord's Supper is that nowhere in the New Testament is the term 'wine' used in connection with the Lord's Table! Consistently, when the contents of the cup are referred to, the phrase 'fruit of the vine' is used. Otherwise, the word 'cup' is employed. That could leave the matter undetermined. However, there are other considerations.
The Lord's Supper was instituted when Jesus and his disciples were eating the Passover. The Passover law in Ex 12:14-20 prohibited, during Passover week, the presence and use of leaven or yeast (Ex12:15). This is because leaven symbolized corruption and sin (cf. Mt 16:6, 12; l Cor. 5:7-8). There is an interesting quotation in The Jewish Encyclopedia, 1904 edition: 'According to the Synoptic Gospels, it would appear that on the Thursday evening of the last week of his life Jesus with his disciples entered Jerusalem in order to eat the Passover meal with them in the sacred city; if so, the wafer and the wine of … the communion service then instituted by him as a memorial would be the unleavened bread and the unfermented wine of the Seder service' (see article 'Jesus of Nazareth: The Last Supper,' in The Jewish Encyclopedia, 1904 edition, accessed on the internet).
Having established that in the Bible the term 'wine' refers to both fermented and unfermented juice, and that only the context can (normally) tell the reader which is meant, we can now examine some of those passages which clearly refer to fermented drink.
In Genesis 6:9 Noah was noted as a righteous and blameless man, yet by chapter9:21he was drunk, incapable, and manifesting uninhibited behaviour. Genesis 19:30-38 tells of the shameful incident in which Lot's daughters got him drunk and then committed incest with him.
In Genesis 27:25 Jacob was able to deceive Isaac into blessing him instead of Esau, and it seems that wine was involved to help in the deceit. In Leviticus 10:9 priests were forbidden to drink when on duty and this was a perpetual statute for all generations.
The Nazirites were to abstain from wine and strong drink. In Deuteronomy21:20rebellion is expressed in gluttony and drunkenness. In preparation for the birth of her extraordinary son, Samson's mother was commanded not to drink wine (Judges 13:4, 7, 14).
The first chapter of Esther tells how the king wanted to show off his queen to the assembled nobles. He called for her to come and exhibit herself, but she refused, so he dismissed her. He had been drinking for seven days (Esther1:10).
The book of Proverbs, a book of wisdom, has many warnings about drinking. In4:17it is related to violence (don't we know about that in our modern age!); in 20:1 it mocks and brawls and those who get intoxicated lack wisdom. Chapter23:21warns that drinking leads to poverty. Verses 29 to 35 of the same chapter are an extended warning about the sorrow, contentions, complaining, wounds, red eyes, unsteadiness caused by drinking fermented wine, adding that it harms all who drink and is addictive.
The prophets issue many warnings about strong drink. Isaiah utters woes against those who pursue it (5:11), and against those who boast in their ability to drink (5:22). The prophet warns those who, instead of repenting, are careless and dissolute, that judgment will be inevitable (22:12-14), and exclaims that 'strong drink is bitter to those who drink it' (24:9). It produces reeling, staggering, confusion, false spirituality and vomit! (28:7). Spiritual blindness, sleepiness, and lack of understanding comes on those who drink (56:10-12). Daniel and his companions refused the king's wine and drank water instead, and were blessed in their stand (Daniel 1:8-17). Hosea warns that wine takes away the understanding (4:11), and produces sickness (7:5). Joel links wine with injustice and immorality (Joel 3:3), while Amos links it with the oppression of the poor and needy (Amos 4:1) and lack of concern for God's people (6:6). Habakkuk declared that wine produces proud and haughty behaviour (Hab. 2:5). There is no doubt at all that the consistent testimony of the Old Testament is that fermented wine is bad news.
In the New Testament, there are various warnings. In Romans13:13drunkenness is linked with sexual immorality. The whole of Romans 14 is very pertinent to this matter, but two verses may encapsulate what our attitude should be. Romans 14:13
'Let us not therefore judge one another any more: but judge this rather, that no man put a stumbling block or an occasion to fall in his brother's way.'
Romans 14:21
'It is good neither to eat flesh, nor to drink wine, nor any thing whereby your brother stumbles, or is offended, or is made weak.'
Our example is important. Putting this matter in the form of a question, we may ask, 'Does drinking alcohol cause some to stumble or be made weak?' It certainly does. Also in 1 Corinthians 8 Paul warns against using our freedom in a way that causes others to stumble.
1 Cor. 8:9: 'But take heed lest by any means this liberty of yours become a stumblingblock to them that are weak.'
1 Cor. 8:11‑12: 'And through your knowledge shall the weak brother perish, for whom Christ died? [12] But when you sin so against the brethren, and wound their weak conscience, you sin against Christ.'
If a minister just took a tiny drink of wine at a wedding or at Christmas, young people, or others, observing would not say, 'the pastor only drinks a tiny amount occasionally,' but would simply conclude, 'the pastor drinks'. Thus he could become the ruin of someone else. For this reason alone the present writer has been a life-long teetotaller.
But there are other considerations. Our bodies are temples of the Holy Spirit. (1 Cor. 6:19, 20). We should do our utmost to keep them pure, and that surely includes doing nothing that would ruin their health. Alcohol is notorious for the many health problems it causes. So the best plan, it seems to this writer, because of the many warnings of Scripture, because of the importance of our example, because of modern dangers, because our bodies are temples of the Holy Spirit, is to avoid it altogether.


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Maintaining the Health of Your Pump Centrifugal Pumps: Tracking Down Cavitation and Other Problems
On a major part of the pump breakdowns in the Chemical Process Industry, the causes are NPSH problems, gas admixtures in the transported fluids, dry running or operating a pump outside the permitted range.
Related Companies
Faulty operation and faulty set-up rank amongst the most common causes of damage in pumps, accounting for 90 to 95 per cent of all damage. Problems are most easily avoided if you know how they come about. PROCESS has been looking for the tell-tale signs. When it starts to rattle as if sand was trickling onto a tin roof, then the pump operator needs to be at maximum concentration: It is the sound of cavitation! And cavitation is always a sign that the pump is "suffering". Liquids being expelled and abrasive media are similarly bad news for a centrifugal pump. This article looks at how the problems can be counteracted.
What exactly happens during cavitation? According to Bernoulli, the static pressure in a medium is lower the higher the velocity. If the static pressure falls below the vaporization pressure of a liquid, then bubbles of steam or gas form — which then condense in areas of higher pressure, with very high pressure and temperature peaks.
On a centrifugal pump, the suction-side pump inlet is the Achilles heel, as Rheinhütte describe: The bubbles of steam arising there are carried along by the flow and then come together again inside the pump, creating a hammer-like effect. The resulting micro-liquid jet is directed at great speed and at high pressure (up to 20,000 bar) against the surrounding surfaces — with very unfortunate consequences:
- destruction of the pump components (especially impellers) due to the bubble implosion;
- change in the characteristic line of the pump and thus of the operating point (even to the extent of complete interruption of the feed flow);
- strong increase in vibrations (structure-borne noise) and noises.
The effect and consequences of cavitation depend to a large extent on the pump itself (pump geometry), and also on the characteristics of the fluid (temperature, steam pressure) and on the suction-side plant conditions. In special cases, Rheinhütte suggest installing an inducer in front of the impeller. In principle, the inducer works during operation like a fore-pump and increases the pressure (NPSH, Net Positive Suction Head) on the impeller inlet. It is mounted on the pump shaft directly in front of the impeller.
KSB points out that coatings which are later applied can fail very rapidly due to flaking where there is high cavitation intensity. Paintable and sprayable coating using an epoxy resin base, with finer strengthening particles and coating thicknesses of less than one millimeter, exhibit needle-like erosion marks after just a few hours. The consequence of further cavitation stress is that large areas of the coating elements flake off from the base material. Where there are thicker, smear-applied layers with larger reinforcing particles, small flakes rapidly breach off from the surface. The experts at KSB therefore recommend a regular check on the coating, in order to avoid damage to the base material through timely repair to the coating.
To predict cavitation on pumps, Sulzer Pumps uses the simplified version of a cavity-boundary area-tracing method, developed in the Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines at the Swiss Technical University (ETH) in Lausanne. This makes it possible to predict the impairment to the feed level from the developing cavitation.
Furthermore, the method is helping the pump constructor to improve the suction capacity of the impellers through accurate prediction of the effects of changes in the geometry.
Degassing liquids
If condensates, liquefied gases, hydrocarbons, aerosols or refrigerants are being conveyed at near to boiling point, these media place special demands on the pump due to the high proportion of gas they contain. The Sero SRZS multi-function pump offers a raft of advantages in this compared with "normal" centrifugal pumps. Its good suction capacity, combined with a lack of sensitivity to cavitation, make the pump ideally suited to the conveying of gas-containing fluids.
The multi-function pump is largely non-sensitive to inclusions of steam or gas in the conveying medium, and can at the same time achieve a considerable pressure head. Gas bubbles are directed with the conveying materials through the pump, and the proportion of gas can be up to 50 per cent. Fluid/gas mixes are conveyed problem-free without external aids. Where the proportion of gas is, for example, ten percent, this has practically no effect on the characteristic line, with this also being assisted by the significantly steeper Q/H characteristic curve compared to a radial centrifugal pump.
Edur multi-phase pumps are similarly equipped for safe conveying of gas in the conveying material. The manufacturer's experience is that centrifugal pumps operating under real operating conditions frequently have to convey non-dissolved gases or vapors with the conveying medium. The causes can be plant-conditioned. However, process-conditioned requirements also need to be taken into account: In many technical process applications, one often finds several phases of different media present simultaneously which need to be controlled. Typically, liquids need to be enriched with gases, liquid/gas mixes conveyed, or even gassing liquids need to be transported safely. The company information from Edur is that its pumps achieve a good level of mixing of the two phases, with separate feed of liquids and gases, and a high level of dispersion.
Abrasive media
If abrasive media require conveying, then the different types of pump construction come up against their limits more or less quickly. Centrifugal pumps are well-suited to transporting solids if the medium is present as a suspension, as outlined by Professor Helmut Jaberg from the Technical University (TU) Graz/Austria: "Provided the suspension arrives at the suction fitting of the pump, it will be pumped," said Jaberg.
Of course, the manufacturer has to take precautions against abrasive wear in the flow-carrying components, for example by using ductile metals with a high hardness, using cast mineral composite or by applying rubberized surfaces to metallic substrates. Generally, Jaberg recommends:
- large, well-rinsed axial face seals;
- dual-wall finish;
- adjustable and replaceable wearing walls and opening;
- pressure-relieved housing;
- use of shaft protection sleeves;
- thick profiles on the impeller inlet.
Pump management
In addition to faulty configuration of the pump, not operating the pump in accordance with the configuration or incorrect operation rank high up on the list of causes of pump problems. This, in turn, is often related to the problem of in-house pump expertise being lost by the operator — for example, due to outsourcing of maintenance works to outside agencies. In this area, BASF in Ludwigshafen/Germany has its own approach: "Do the important things yourself" is the order of the day there.
In the group's Ludwigshafen plant alone there are around 50,000 pumps installed, including around 35,000 process pumps. Of these, around 10,000 are considered to be special design pumps, specifically configured for the specific use. "In most cases, these pumps are working in the primary process flows, and so require demand attention for us," says Heinz Hefele, Head of the Specialist Technical Center for 'Rotating Equipment' at BASF. He heads up around 350 specialists who are engaged in designing and maintaining turbines, compressors and pumps, along with machines used in process engineering such as mixers, kneaders and centrifuges. Maintenance of all electrical machinery and actuating drives are part of the group's area of responsibilities.
If the problem relates to the specification and/or configuration of pumps, then employees at the Rotating Equipment group are regularly called on to give advice — not necessarily for every simple standard pump, but always for special design pumps. The BASF specialists place great value on achieving a favorable rating for the pump in terms of the lifecycle costs assessment. For if there is a need to assess technically comparable alternatives for ensuring the availability of a pump system (and, with that, possibly of a production plant), then a detailed LCC assessment is the right tool: "Anyone who takes a consistent view of the cost-of-ownership factor in choosing the type of pump design can avoid costs which amount to considerable sums," says Hefele, drawing on his own wealth of experience.
Rotating Equipment today maintains around 5,000 pumps a year under its own operations. For this, it carries out practically all servicing work for process pumps in the plant. As part of his pump management, Hefele is looking to lower maintenance costs further over the long term. A key component in pump management at BASF is that, for years, an expert database has been built up and is constantly being added to, where details derived from experiences relating to pump damage, causes of failures and repair and maintenance measures have been recorded. That pays off in real money.


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Hello Windows allows instant access from any device with Windows 10 through biometric recognition.
If you ever thought that you could have an identical twin, but malicious, just like in science fiction category B movie, you can rest easy. He will not be able to access your confidential data if you use Windows 10.
One of the functions of Microsoft's new operating system, called Hello, it's almost impossible to fool. The service replaces the password that you can log on one device, or even the PIN now implemented by Microsoft.
Hello Windows "sees" much better than people and it is able to differentiate even identical twins, if it use a camera powerful enough. Those from The Australian tested the new feature on several pairs of identical twins...Read More


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after after seventeen years of trying and not being able to and making it a hollywood story of every thing that can go wrong with a film . at long last and a just like orson wells the other side of the wind being going to be completed by netflix. now comes word and a sign hell is freezing and the devil is looking for a new furance . after so long of trying and trying . at long last terry gillums master piece the man who killed don quioxte the film that became more legend as what can go wrong with a film from a sand storm wrecking the sets. his lead hurting himself and dropping out . and then a legal battle to get the rights back plus the main thing that has made it hard for terry to finish the thing at last. getting funding. but at long last and even though the town he was filming in is mad at him claiming he did some damage . and making it known it actully has happen by his instagram account. the man who killed don quioxte the film that has become a urban legend and whispers and the lesson of what can go wrong with a film. is done terry actully finished and has it made. starring as don adam driver. seventeen years and terry at long last wound up joining orson wells as having his passion project and a film that has become legend of if it would ever be complete. now complete. a sigh hell is freezing over.
Archive for June, 2017
and if nothing else since the triple crown is not in play till next season and is broken for the second time in a while. if nothing else belmont is now going to be what horse is actully going to prove they can handle belmont but also what horses will still be left to even race given that a rash of foot injuries have started to make horses suddenly have to nope not taking part in belmont. first the fan fave classic empire whose main compention american dreaming the derby winner and also preakness winnner and breaker of the triple crown and thus putting belmont out of play for the run major computing. so now belmont has to answer the question of what horse not only is still going to be around to run the thing by post time but also who will prove to be able to wind up winning the thing given that belmont is a cruel mistress of horse racing and has denied at lot of triple crown contenders glory.
and now just this week to go and horse racing superbowl winds up ending with the triple crown broken. since belmont is not in play for a triple crown run. and both the derby winner always dreaming and the preakness winner who made it so belmont the cruel mistress of horse racing at times is out of contention for a triple crown run are skipping the belmont not going to turn it into a battle of breaking their tie of one jewel of the crown apiece turning it into two. which means now its any horses game with one of the top contenders being irish war cry. as now a week left and belmont to finish off the triple crown a broken one .
and thus now even after kevin smith left the thing and the head of fox now making it official that they are not going to wait years till all the legal red tape that has now caused m knight shamalans revial of tales from the crypt to be revised to happen the project is now totaly dead which means the crypt keeper is going to still stay locked in the crypt till the legal issues are proably resolved and maybe some one makes a crack at revising it again at last. other wise the crypt keeper is not having much luck nor fans of the classic tales from the crypt to see the show join the list of hollywood revials . something the crypt creeper himself proably never saw coming as a twist.


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Thanatos is an orange Machine Pistol manufactured by S&S Munitions.
Examples are on the talk page.
Special Weapon Effects
Big Tony says "Hi" - Extended magazine, reduced recoil and faster reload.
Usage & Description
The Thanatos' special effect basically turns a pistol into stable, fast-reloading, large magazine-SMG. Mordecai, the Pistol specialist, can make exceptional use of the Thanatos: handled like an SMG, it gets all the skill/mod benefits granted to pistols. "Double" versions of Thanatos offers an alternative to Anarchy SMGs.
What makes the Thanatos so interesting is that the special effect comes from the magazine, meaning there is no limits to the variations available on the Thanatos: Elemental, double, etc. Further more, the Thanatos effect has no drawbacks, it is simply better in all fields than the equivalent non-Thanatos weapon.
- One of the three pre-Knoxx Pearlescent weapons.
- Following the theme of Greek mythology throughout the game, Thanatos shares a name with the ancient Greek daemon personification of death.
The Thanatos effect comes from the mag3_SandS_Thanatos magazine, which is based off of mag3.
|Clip Size: +30
Recoil: -20%
Reload Speed: -25%
|Clip Size: +10


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(PRWEB) The McAlister Real Estate Company announced today that it has expanded and named its investment management platform Rockspring Capital.
"As we continue to raise more capital with each successive fund, our number one priority is to serve our investors with a 'best in class' investment management platform to complement our exceptional real estate team," said Jim McAlister, Jr., President & CEO. "This expansion allows us to be more proactive in the complex investment analysis required to deliver superior returns in our current portfolio and to quickly analyze the unprecedented opportunities that haven't been seen in decades." Rockspring Capital was named after ranch land that has been in the owner's family since the early 1900s and represents the Texas legacy, tradition, long-term stability and enduring values of the Company.
Rockspring Capital is a second-generation land investment firm founded in 1973 whose strategy is to acquire opportunistic developed residential lots and infill land parcels in high growth areas. Rockspring Capital acquires land with all cash in markets within the "Texas Triangle" – Houston, Austin, San Antonio and Dallas/Ft. Worth.


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:07:18: The first World CIO Forum (WCF), is being hosted in China November 1-4th 2011 in ShenZhen (innovation center of China), with participants from the Global Fortune 1000 CIOs, C-level executives and CEOs from the largest companies, including the top 600 China-based companies and participants. Can you comment on this?
"....It is important for everyone who participates in senior IT leadership roles to understand the emerging markets. Having it within China is obviously a huge opportunity for people to learn – not only learning from the culture or the business but also from other CIOs....You need to understand what's happening there but also you need to understand the talent that's available there. Our businesses are global and seeing the incredible depth of talent that's available is another learning experience that people will see from the opportunity to participate in the forum...."


text: The Methods view is convenient for files such as CFCs, which are mostly made up of cffunction tags. Sometimes it's also nice to have an overview of the structure of normal CFML files. The Outline view is designed to do exactly this. The real benefit is that when working in large files, you can filter your view based on the type of tag. You can filter on the currently selected element, or on a list of predefined tags such as cfmodule, cfset, cfquery, cfinclude, and cfcase. This makes working with long documents much more manageable.


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PENSACOLA BEACH, Fla. — With winds gusting at 40 miles an hour on Wednesday afternoon, Hurricane Ivan was just giving Pensacola a taste of what's ahead over the next 18 hours.
With hurricane-force winds not expected until after dark, the storm was attracting a handful of the curious to the water's edge for a glimpse, however fleeting, of a hurricane.
Pensacola police kept a close eye on the spectators, but allowed Mother Nature to do the job of chasing them away from the stormy water's edge.
According to forecasters, Ivan will start battering Pensacola with tropical force winds by late afternoon on Wednesday. Winds at a hurricane force of 75-mph were expected to arrive shortly after dark.
Pensacola last took a hit from a hurricane in 1995 with Hurricane Opal which caused widespread damage from Pensacola Beach to Navarre.
10-16 foot surges
At 2 p.m. EDT Wednesday, Ivan was centered about 170 miles south of the Alabama coast and moving north at 14 mph.
Forecasters said Ivan could produce a coastal storm surge of 10 to 16 feet, topped by large waves, and up to 20 inches of rain.
Hurricane warnings were posted along a 300-mile stretch from Grand Isle, La., across coastal Mississippi and Alabama to Apalachicola, Fla.
From the beach to the city of Pensacola, residents spent the last two days putting up plywood over doors and windows.
The Home Depot of Pensacola reported selling close to one truckload per hour on Tuesday, until supplies gave out.
But now as Ivan approaches landfall the time for boarding was over and the time for seeking shelter was upon the Panhandle residents.
Pensacola officials believe the island is in better shape to face Ivan than Opal, but they still expect major structural damage if Ivan pushes a large storm surges over the barrier island.
Living with the potential of hurricane damage is "the price you pay for living in such a beautiful place," said beach resident Kyle Shell.
Ron Blome is an NBC News correspondent on assignment in Pensacola for Hurricane Ivan.


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An Abundance of Katherines is a creative and humourous story that centers on a 17 year old boy and his history of dating girls named Katherine. A child prodigy, Colin tries to use his brain smarts to create a formula for predicting the outcome of a relationship. While there is a bit of math-speak in this novel, one does not need to love math or understand it in order to enjoy the story. (I should know- math is NOT my strongest subject.) Along with dealing with teenage love this story also touches on life goals, friendship- between guys nonetheless, and a little bit with religions. I really enjoyed reading this book, and think that high school boys and girls would both be able to identify with it. I especially enjoyed the random facts that are sprinkled throughout the novel. I would recommend this as a book for individual reading. I don't think it would be out of place in a classroom setting- but I also think there are other novels that are better suited for whole class reads.
2007 Printz Honor Book
A Los Angeles Times Book Prize Finalist
An ALA Best Book for Young Adults
A Booklist Editors' Choice
A Kirkus Reviews Best Book of the Year
A Horn Book Fanfare Best Book of the Year
Filed under: ALA Awards, Individual Read, John Green, Printz Award, Realistic Fiction, Religion, Teen Boys, Teen Girls | Tagged: ALA Awards, John Green, YA Literature, Young Adult. Printz Award |


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Jessica Legging
Jessica Legging
Product DetailsSleek enough for dinner out and cozy enough for curling up on the couch, the Jessica legging is your go-to pant when you come in from the slopes. Jean styling, fixed waist with front fly, beltloops and unbelievably comfy and dense 4-way stretch fabric. Fitted leg, full length, easy alterations.
Fabric + Care73% Rayon/23% Nylon/4% Spandex Twill knit
Fitted leg, Fixed waist with front fly, 2 rear pockets


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When you accept Jesus Christ as your personal Lord and Savior something very amazing happens! He marks you with his precious blood from the inside out! And you are protected. I still personally plead the Blood of Jesus over myself and my family on a regular basis, it gives me great peace and confidence. Here are some scriptures on the blood of Jesus and they collectively tell the story…the Blood Of Jesus will provide you with perfect protection in 2013, but you gotta use it.
"And the blood shall be to you for a token upon the houses where ye are; and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and the plague shall not be upon you to destroy you, when I smite the land of Egypt." Ex 12:13
"For the life of the flesh is in the blood; and I have given it to you upon the altar to make an atonement for your souls; for it is the blood that maketh an atonement for the soul." Lev 17:11
"For the life of the flesh is in the blood…for it is the blood that makes atonement for the soul." Lev. 17:11
New Testament
"Take heed therefore unto yourselves, and to all the flock, over the which the Holy Ghost hath made you overseers, to feed the church of God, which he hath purchased with his own blood." Acts 20:28
"Being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus: Whom God hath set forth to be a propitiation through faith in his blood, to declare his righteousness for the remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance of God." Rom 3:24-25
"But God commendeth his love toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us. Much more than, being now justified by his blood, we shall be saved from wrath through him." Rom 5:8-9
"In whom we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of his grace." Eph 1:7
"That at that time ye were without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope and without God in the world; But now in Christ Jesus ye who sometimes were far off are made nigh by the blood of Christ." Eph. 2:12-13
"But now in Christ Jesus ye who sometimes were far off are made nigh by the blood of Christ." Eph 2:13
"Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, this cup is the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you." Luke 22:20
"Unto him that loved us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood." Rev. 1:5
"And from Jesus Christ who is the faithful witness, and the first begotton of the dead, and the prince of the kings of the earth. Unto Him that loved us and washed us from our sins in his own blood." Rev. 1:5
"Much more then, having now been justified by his blood, we shall be saved from the wrath of God through Him." Rom. 5:9
"Knowing that you were not redeemed with perishable things like silver and gold from your futile way of life inherited from your forefathers, but with the precious blood as of a lamb unblemished and spotless, the blood of Christ." 1Peter 1:18-19
"In Him we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of our trespasses." Eph 1:7
"And in the same way He took the cup after they had eaten saying, "This cup which is poured out for you is the new covenant in my blood." Luke 22:20
"But now in Christ Jesus you once were far off have made near by the blood of Christ." Eph. 2:13
"And they over came him by the blood of the Lamb, and by the word of their testimony; and they loved not their lives unto the death." Rev.12:11
"He has delivered us from the power of darkness and translated us into the kingdom of the Son of his love, in whom we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of sins." Col. 2:15
Related articles
- The 2013 Salvation Promise! by Elaine Davenport January 1, 2013 (healmenow.wordpress.com)
- Thank You For The Blood Of Jesus Christ! November, 2012 (thebloodofjesus.wordpress.com)
- The Blood Of Jesus Frees Us From Satan! by Lanie Davvy October, 2012 (thebloodofjesus.wordpress.com)
- The Sight of Blood (mindrenewers.com)
- The Precious Blood (savedbygraceblogdotcom.wordpress.com)
- The Prayer That Works! By Elaine Davenport December, 2012 December, 2012 (ephesians.wordpress.com)
- Why Aren't You Crying? by Elaine Davenport October, 2012 (ephesians.wordpress.com)
- Giving Thanks On New Year's 2013! January 1, 2013 (greatthanks.wordpress.com)


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Home>Collection & Louvre Palace>Curatorial Departments>Toilet Mirror
Work Toilet Mirror
Department of Decorative Arts: 17th century
Toilet mirror with the cypher of Anne Hyde, Duchess of York
© 2005 Musée du Louvre / Peter Harholdt
Toilet mirror with the cypher of Anne Hyde, Duchess of York, wife of King James II of England
© 2005 Musée du Louvre / Peter Harholdt
Decorative Arts
17th century
The fashion for toilet services probably appeared during first half of the seventeenth century in the court of France, whence it spread to Europe, and especially England. The mirror of Anne Hyde, Duchess of York (1637-1671), conserved in the Louvre, is a major expression of seventeenth-century goldsmithing. Adorned with very realistic floral decoration, this work by an unknown goldsmith reveals the rise of an ornamental exuberance at the time of Louis XIII and Anne of Austria.
A highly refined work in gold
This rectangular mirror is made of gilt silver decoration applied over a mahogany core. The frame comprises eight identical sections with a floral border, covered with a decoration of repoussé and chased flowers and foliage on a matte ground. The junction of these eight elements is hidden, at the corners of the frame by Anne Hyde's soldered cipher and in the middle on the sides by a large floret. The frame is surmounted by an arched pediment made up of three assembled elements. It is decorated with symmetrical scrolling foliage on a matte ground, laid out on either side of Anne Hyde's cipher, which is crowned and encircled by a laurel wreath. The detail of the foliage and flowers is very fine and bears witness to the virtuosity of an unidentified Parisian goldsmith.
An ill-known commission
Anne Hyde (1637-1671) was the daughter of the first earl of Clarendon and a lady-in-waiting to Mary Stuart, Princess of Orange. The Duke of York, future James II of England, married her in secrecy on September 3, 1660. This marriage provoked the fury of the queen mother, Henriette-Marie de France, who would not accept to meet her daughter-in-law till January 1661, after the birth of the couple's first child, Charles, duke of Cambridge, who was then baptized. This mirror, the central element of a toilet service given to Anne Hyde, was probably manufactured in this context. Such toilet services were given to girls at the time of their marriage and were often completed when their children were born. It may be that the mirror was offered to the Duchess of York at the time of her son's baptism, which accompanied the family's reconciliation. The precise circumstances of the commission are not known, but the French origins of the queen mother undoubtedly played a role in choosing the goldsmith.
The prototype of late seventeenth-century toilet mirrors
Of the rare toilet mirrors that have come down to us, Anne Hyde's is the oldest. The reference would have been to Anne of Austria's gold toilet service, a lost work by Claude I Ballin (circa 1615-1678). These toilet mirrors were part of a set that included candlesticks, ointment jars, various containers, and all the objects required for the "toilet" (meaning hairstyling and makeup). Three other French toilet services remain today: one is conserved in Rosenborg castle (Copenhagen), another in the Edinburgh museum, and the third in the collections of the duke of Devonshire at Chatsworth. The latter is that of Mary II Stuart, daughter of the Duchess of York and Princess of Orange. By virtue of its shape and its floral decoration, it may be said that Anne of York's mirror announces that of her daughter.
BibliographyM. Bimbenet-Privat, Les Orfèvres et l'orfèvrerie de Paris au XVIIe siècle, t. 2, Paris, Éditions de la Réunion des musées nationaux, 2002, pp. 74-75
Catalogue d'exposition : "Un Temps d'exubérance. Les arts décoratifs sous Louis XIII et Anne d'Autriche", Paris, Éditions de la Réunion des musées nationaux, 2002, p. 272
Technical description
Toilet mirror with the cypher of Anne Hyde, Duchess of York, wife of King James II of England
Gilded silver, mahogany, kingwood
H. 55.80 cm; W. 55 cm
Acquired in 1982 , 1982
Richelieu wing
1st floor
Henri IV
Room 520
Practical information
The Louvre is now open. All visitors are required to wear a mask in the museum. Please find all of the information you need to know before visiting the museum this summer on this page.
Opening hours :
The Louvre is open every day (except Tuesday) from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.


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A letter of marque and reprisal, often known simply as a letter of marque, was a the contract under which a privateer captain operated on behalf of a government. It would define the rules, requirements and restrictions of the relationship, as well as the rights and privileges of the privateer and the employer.
During the Galactic Civil War, the Alliance to Restore the Republic hired significant numbers of privateers by this means. Letters of marque could be issued by a number of senior personnel, including the Alliance Chief of State Mon Mothma and her Chief of Staff, or the Supreme Commanders of Fleet Commanders-in-Chief, Ordnance and Supply, and Sector Command. A typical such document was that issued to Chaeloe Dantin by OaS Supreme Commander Ral'Rai Muvunc:
- Be it known that Chaeloe Dantin, owner of the private vessel Dantin's Folly, is now recognized by the Alliance to Restore the Republic as license to conduct raids upon the Imperial government, subsidiaries, and supporters, to capture such cargo, properties and vessels as they may own, and to deliver them unto the Alliance. Further, to capture officers of the Imperial military, government, and supporters. She is also authorized and expected to pursue the war against the Empire as she is able, while in no case endangering the innocent civilian public and without causing undue damage to property.
- The owner shall surrender all proceeds of such activities to the review of the Alliance, and in return shall be awarded 50 percent of their value. The Alliance shall also award fixed bounties for the confirmed destruction of Imperial properties.
- In return, the Alliance shall render such aid as it can, subject to availability and discretion, including shelter, intelligence, repair, stocking, and fueling. Those members of the crew, formerly criminals, are hereby granted amnesty, so long as they serve our cause, or until the Empire is destroyed, and do not commit further crimes. Should they do so, they shall be subject to all charges, and summarily imprisoned.
- All slaves found in the course of duty shall be free, all illicit substances destroyed. The Alliance may choose to buy an entire cargo, as needed.
- This letter shall hold in effect for one year from its date, when it shall be reviewed. If either party is dissatisfied, the contract may be dissolved. The Alliance reserves the right to assign observers to the ship, for the purpose of this review.
- Ral'Rai Muvunc
- Supreme Allied Commander
- Ordnance and Supply
Letters of marque of some form were presumably also issued by other governments, but little evidence is currently available.
- Star Wars: The Roleplaying Game
- Cracken's Rebel Field Guide (As "Letter of Marque")
- "Rebel Privateers!"—Star Wars Adventure Journal 2
- "Rebel Privateers!"—The Best of the Star Wars Adventure Journal, Issues 1-4
- Shadows of the Empire Planets Guide
- Pirates & Privateers
- "Special Ops: The Privateer"—Star Wars Gamer 2
- The Essential Guide to Warfare