text:
Your shopping cart is empty!
Bright and Beautiful! Stunning, large Quartz in Quartz and CZ set in box-style sterling pendant with 24k vermeil large oval loop necklace.
Since 1985, New Mexican Andi Callahan has worked in the arts. An accomplished, self-taught jeweler with a background in Raku and fused glass, you can easily see the synergy between the media in her rings, bracelets and earrings. With color being her primary motivation, her jewelry incorporates opals, Brazilian agate druses, and spectacular freeform and semiprecious stones. Andi works primarily in fine silver and sterling silver with 22K gold accents.


text:
My grandmother had a huge influence on me, and my personality. She was a registered nurse, who began her nursing career in the Army. She had a very no nonsense way about her, when it came to things like being ill or hurt. I could express it in a single sentence: Suck it up, you do what you have to do. There was no wallowing or lamenting with my grandmother. Stitches needed, stitches given. Broken bones get casts and physical therapy. If you need surgery, no need to be scared, just get it done and over with.
Because of her influence, I must admit that I don't handle these things like I should. When someone tells me they are sick or seriously injured, I lack compassion. It isn't that I have never been hurt or faced crisis myself, but I was trained to face it headstrong. You do, what you have to do. Period. No sense in crying or getting depressed. My shoulders have not held many faces, nor caught many tears. I haven't grasped hands, silently praying, or even giving reassuring words.
This response is not even toward others, but to myself. In 2003 I was pregnant with our second when precancerous cells were found in my cervix and my uterus. It brought with it a lot of concerns for my pregnancy. I remember keeping so very much of it to myself, because I didn't want to worry people. I didn't want people fawning over me with concern. It was something that needed to be dealt with, simple as that. I recall staring out our window one day, teary eyed, when my husband tried to reassure me that the baby would be fine. I took a sigh, and responded that her conception may have been a gift to save my life… and that may have been her only purpose. It wasn't cold and callous, I loved her so much already. It was just part of how I was raised to view things.
There was a difference between this and other health scenarios, in that I was a believer now. My prayers to God were that any treatments I would need could be held off until she was born. I didn't want my illness to affect her chances. In the many years since, I am often haunted by concerns that those precancerous cells come back. I rarely find myself struck with terror until the tests come back clear. But I do pray to God that if I must deal with this again, that it can wait until my children are adults. I know that sounds strange, but in truth I personally don't fear death. I only have concern for those whom I would leave behind.
So, once again, this doesn't exactly make me the best person to lean on when you find yourself in facing crisis head on. It isn't that I don't care, or that I am ok with bad things happening to amazing people. Far from. I just don't know how to process it like I should, I don't know how to be the friend you need in that moment. I have gotten the news that a friend's child has been diagnosed with a terminal illness. I have received the funeral information for a person who unexpectedly dies leaving a family in mourning. My phone has rang in the wee hours because someone is in the hospital, or missing.
I've realized that in these moments, I thought I was not the right person for compassion. And, that is probably still right. However, I have also begun to learn that I am the right person for action. I will get in my car and drive the streets looking for your child. I will do the talking when you can't, I will pick out the dress and the shoes, I will fill out forms, I can make decisions. I will call the family members for you, or contact the church to make arrangements. Perhaps there is a blessing to being a person who doesn't lean into emotion and instead steps up to the tasks ahead.
I believe, however, that there is a time when both of those attributes can come together and work beautifully. When a friend was facing cancer, she was worried and anxious. She also had moved and I couldn't be there for her to help. My only way to "act" was to have compassion and empathy for her situation. This was something really hard for me to do, but I knew her battle was going to be harder. I resolved that I was going to send her a card every single day until we got through the testing and results process. I honestly have no idea how many cards I sent her… but I did it. Every single day. I went to the scripture, found verses regarding health and healing, used my artistic talents to create individual cards, and inscribed them with the selected verses.
To this day, she still has at least some of the cards. Occasionally I get a text or note from her where she mentions them. When I realized how that little step on my part meant so much to her, I began to see how I could take action and bring it to compassion. In the years since, I have done similar things for others when they need encouragement, compassion, empathy, or even just a thinking of you. I'm learning more and more that being present is enough.
This winter, I had the opportunity to read the book "Just Show Up" which was co-authored by friends Kara Tippetts and Jill Lynn Buteyn. This was a unique opportunity with Family Christian to do a review, because the opportunity wasn't limited to a select number of bloggers. And, I couldn't be happier that so many people were given the opportunity to read this book and share it. This book is simply put, super important.
You may be the person who has a lot of compassion, no one cries alone with you. You may be the person who doesn't know what to do in those situations. Or, you may be the person who is going through a crisis and you hear the offers of help and support… but you don't know what to do with it all. In other words, if you are a person who cares about others in your life… READ THIS BOOK!
Just Show Up, brings us into the reality of walking through life with your friends when they are in the midst of suffering. Author Kara Tippetts was actively battling cancer and Co-Author Jill Lynn Buteyn was the friend walking alongside her. In this book you get to see both sides of the coin, from the perspective of the person who is in crisis and the friends who are trying to be there, supporting and encouraging. This dual perspective helps us all see what this journey looks like for those involved, they share their struggles, they share what they learned in the process.
We learn that there is a time to be a silent presence, how to give and receive, and how to be that friend who just shows up … even when she doesn't know what to do, or say. In fact this book, in my opinion, is one that goes beyond enduring suffering as friends. It opens our eyes to what real, godly, loving, and committed friendship looks like. In the good, and the bad. When life is going great, when life is changing, and when life takes an unexpected turn.
One of the blessings I received from the book is the "Comfort In, Dump Out" circle, where it tangibly helps us identify who we can speak to during the times of crisis in a helpful way. For example, it is not my place to dump on my friend's spouse how her illness is affecting me. I need to be a comfort to him, and he can dump out on me. BUT, I can speak to my personal friends. They are the people whom I can dump out on, and will comfort me.
This is a book that is going to create radical, fierce friendships… the kinds we long for and God wants for us. Let's do life together, even when it is hard. When you don't know how, go to those who are willing to share. Put this book on your 2016 must read list, keep it in mind for gifts. When you friend confides her crisis, this is a great book. When another friend is expressing her sadness because someone in her life is going through something difficult & she doesn't know what to do… gift or at least recommend this book.
Just Show Up is a book that is insightful to what really happens in relationships during times of tragedy, difficulty, crisis, and suffering. I would also recommend this book to Women's Ministry Leaders who may be counseling women through tough seasons or tragic circumstances.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Classical guitar master micro study 6 – RH string crossing & picado technique – is part of the #6stringinspiration series of short and sweet studies that target very specific ideas. These are for those who have very little time and want huge gains from tight focused practice ideas.
Guitar Master Micro Study – RH String Crossing
This master micro study is one that will progress your scale technique, and string crossing ability no end. The aim to is to alternate fingers, one stroke per string, up and down the set – all six. The difficulty lies when you increase the speed or change rhythmic patterns, but that's a post for another day. For now focus on crossing strings.
String Order:
1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1
Finger Order:
i m m a i a
KEY Strategy
Move the Arm
The RH arm has to facilitate any string change. It does this by moving back or forward across the bout of the guitar. Thus keeping the RH mechanism stable and in place and all you need to do is "wiggle" your fingers! See the video above for a demonstration.
Other Info
Note: The guitar master study focuses on one hand in order for that area of technique to make gains.
Light & Aware
You need to be light with the RH arm, and in order for that to be achieved you need to be aware of it. So to begin with, focus on the string crossing: RH finger movement, but once that's comfortable you need to focus on the arm too. Be aware of it moving at the effort it takes to do this. (Hint: this movement begins in your back, not the shoulder!)
Want More?
This master study is the culmination of the following micro studies, which are precursors for getting scale technique sorted. If you have not seen these already I suggest you begin with this first before this master micro study!
Micro study 33 – RH scale prep 1
Micro study 34 – RH scale prep 2
Micro study 35 – RH scale prep 3
Want the Dots?
No music for this example, use the video above to walk through the exercise. However they will be forthcoming in a new classical guitar technique manual. If you want to be informed to when this will be published, join the CGRocks community below.
We are also slowly walking through Villa-Lobos' awesome 12 etudes this year with the #villalobos12in12 challenge. Click this link for more info on that and to join in!


text:
The Your Voice Survey
We would like to know what, if any, issues are affecting you in your community. Please complete the following short survey – we will use the information to help identify the main policing priorities for your area.
We will then work with our partners to try and address those that are of most concern for residents.
Fields marked with an Asterisk(*) are mandatory.


text:
This past weekend Royal White Cleaners, the troubled dry cleaning business on Somerville's Cedar Street, replaced an outdated "laundromat" sign with one for its tailoring service. You can access this part of the business through the building's main door.
The company's self-service laundromat has been closed since at least August (when I moved to Cedar Street). This signage improvement might be one indication the company's seriously trying to improve its finances. According to the Somerville Journal, Royal White Cleaners owes the city over $240,000 in unpaid taxes; as a result, the city recently seized the property.
Royal White Cleaners can only reclaim the property if it repays its debts within a year, the article states.


text:
Hydra Lake
Chaos Beast-Level 6 to 10
Home of Chaos Lord Escherion's multi-headed Hydra Chaos Beast!
- Fire Imp (1) x5
- Hydra Head (1) x3
Map Name: hydra
Room Limit: 7
Access Points:
- Map of Lore
- /join hydra
- Renn and Zio (After completing Relativity's Quests)
- Entrance of Escherion's Tower
- Portal in Screen 7 of Relativity
- Dew Drop in Mobius after completing all Chiral Valley quests
- Up from Mobius
- Book of Lore
- Chaos Hydra statue in Museum (After completing 1st Chaos Beast quest)
- After defeating the Hydra Heads, you can only access Screen 5 with the Hydra Heads by:
- Typing /join runix. After the cutscene finishes, the player will be placed in Screen 5.
- Talking to Dew Drop in Mobius and clicking "The Hydra" button.
- Clicking on the Hydra statue on Screen 2 of Museum.
- Accessing the World Map and choosing "Chiral Valley > Chaos Lord Escherion > Hydra Lake > Boss Battle".
- Portal in Screen 7 of Relativity
Thanks to Cornfield10, Hindra, Mashroam, Sonic Boom, Tendou no Mazo, Viking_Jorun, Xchoudhury, Zero IX and .Shadow//
Explore this area in our free web game at www.AQ.com!


text:
The Astonishing Power of Determination, Ibuprofen, and/or Coca-Cola
[Update: After a reader brought this to my attention, I feel compelled to mention that there have been some reports of ibuprofen being unsafe for use while distance running. Do some research on your own before you take it.]
At mile 35, I thought very seriously about quitting. After an 1800-foot climb, followed by another one that took me 40 minutes to hike up, I'd had enough of Vermont.
The Vermont 50-miler runs up, down, and back and forth on a mountain that normal people ski on. There were a few miles of flat in the beginning of the race, but after that, the terrain could be characterized as one of the following: uphill that hurt; downhill that hurt, or switchbacks that hurt. I was unprepared for this.
Of the 10 hours and 10 minutes it took me to finish, I'd guess that half of it was spent hiking uphill. I don't like hiking. Hiking is what you do for an hour in the morning while you're camping, so you don't feel so bad about drinking your face off and acting like an idiot the rest of the day.
So by mile 35, I was done. My legs hurt so badly that the only thing I could do to keep moving forward was this awful shuffle-run thing, punctuated by walk breaks. Based on my time between aid stations, I know that I logged a few 14- or 15-minute miles during this time. I really, really, really, wanted to quit.
I didn't quit though. My wife, Erin, had decided at the last minute that she didn't like the idea of me running a race without her there to support me. So a few minutes after I left for Vermont, she packed up the baby and drove the seven hours herself. To help me finish, not to watch me quit.
I also thought about you. If I had quit, I'm sure many of you would have told me it was okay, and that running 35 miles on a mountain was a feat in itself. But, write it or not, I'm sure some people would have thought, "See, that's what you get for trying a vegan diet during the month of an ultra." Or the ever-hilarious "Maybe a steak would have helped."
So I kept going. As is the case with most trail runs, there were no mile markers, only the aid stations every four or five miles. So I kept sane by figuring out what time I'd likely arrive at the next, where a nice warm Coke awaited me.
Yes, that's Coca-Cola. If you've never tried it for running, do it. It's not something I'd ever drink on a regular basis, but there's no doubt in my mind that it helps me run longer and faster. Maybe it's just the concentration of sugar in high-fructose corn syrup, or the caffeine, or the fizz. Whatever the explanation, I'm not the only one who believes it: Coke, Mountain Dew, and ginger ale have been offered at the aid stations of every ultra I've run.
So I started drinking a lot of Coke, one to two small cups at every aid station. At mile 37 or so, I took a single ibuprofen [see update at beginning of post about the potential danger of taking ibuprofen while running], eager for anything that might temporarily make my legs feel like they weren't being repeatedly punched every step.
And then, around mile 40, I hit a half mile of glorious flat gravel road. And all of a sudden, I realized I didn't hurt anymore. Whether it was the Coke, the drugs, or the indomitable human spirit, I have no idea. But I felt great, as if all the pain and hatred of Vermont and mountains and hiking and even myself, for being so stupid as to do this willingly, had all been a dream.
I clocked several 10-minute miles before hitting the final aid station at mile 47, where I got to see Erin and Holden and I sucked down one more Coke before heading out to finish this thing. The thought of breaking 10 hours crossed my mind, but then I realized that would take way more than I had to give.
Two and a half more miles of winding, beautiful trail, and a half mile of painful running literally down a ski slope, and it was over. 10:10:48, and I remain clueless as to how I beat my North Face time by half an hour.
Told you it was at a ski resort[/caption]I know I'm probably making most of the race sound pretty miserable, and at the time, a lot of it was. But this isn't to say I regret it: Running an ultra is never really fun for me in the moment, only in hindsight when I can look back and see what I accomplished do I really appreciate it. There were a lot of times when the only thing that kept me going was the thought, "This will make you stronger." I learned a lot from this race about my own limits but also what I'm capable of enduring.
As always, I'm so grateful to have had Erin's support, and also for the knowledge that my friends Ginn and Paul were suffering on the same hills I was. They both ran great times (around 8:40 and 9:30) and made the trip a whole lot of fun. Thanks also to Christie, Paul's wife, who crewed for us as well. And of course, thanks to the race directors for putting on the most beautiful race I've ever run, and to everyone who volunteered to help make it happen.
What I Wore, Ate, and Drank
These are the details you probably only care about if you're an ultrarunner or have some little inkling of a desire to become one, so I'll put them in their own section.
I tried lots of new stuff during this race, starting with the shoes. (Pretty smart for a 50-miler, huh? My wife thinks so too.) I guess since I didn't train very well for this race, I felt like I had nothing to lose.
>On the way up to Vermont I stopped at the Adidas outlet and picked up a pair of adiZero XT Trail Shoes on a whim, because I wasn't happy with my Saloman trail shoes. I "broke them in" with a three-miler on Saturday, then wore them for 32 blister-free miles on Sunday. I bought them a half size larger than I normally would, because I was interested in seeing if there was anything to this idea that we all buy running shoes too small. I must say I loved the shoes and I loved the fit, only changing them after 32 miles because I figured my road shoes would feel a little softer and my feet were starting to hurt (along with everything else).
I wore CEP compression sleeves for the first 32 miles as well, taking them off because I just got sick of my legs being compressed. Again, I just sort of needed a change, because I was starting to hate everything.
I didn't wear my Nathan hydration vest this time, choosing instead to go with a hand-held bottle that I filled up with water at every aid station. I thought I'd get sick of carrying it, but I got used to it and actually kept it for the whole race.
As for food, I stuck with my normal approach of skipping most of the sugar until the second half of the race, but this time, I tried the Paleo diet idea of taking it easy on the wheat products to avoid the gluten. I ate mostly boiled potatoes from the aid stations, along with some watered-down Vega Sport in my bottle, skipping the Heed provided at the race because it tastes terrible. I did take several Hammer Endurolytes tablets to make sure I was getting enough salt.
As the miles added up, I transitioned to sugary foods like oranges and watermelon slices, along with some peanut butter sandwiches and potato chips because they looked good at the time. And finally, at the last aid station or two, it was all Coke, all the time.
So that's about it! What do you think, want to run an ultra yet? If you're having those first crazy thoughts, let me know and I'll help point you in the right direction.
More Photos
Holden cheering for Daddy at mile 47
As if he actually did something…:)
Me and my crew
Everything that Might Be Missing from Your Plant-Based Diet (and Nothing Else!)
I believe that plant-based is the healthiest way you can eat -- both for how you feel and perform in the short term, and for long-term health. But there are a few nutrients that are hard to get from plants, and I didn't want to take a whole multivitamin with so much extra that I'm already getting from my food. That's why I created Complement Plus, the perfect nutrient formula for plant-based athletes.
Complement Plus brings together, in one place, the essential nutrients that are missing from a reasonably diverse, whole food plant-based diet:
- DHA/EPA Omega-3s
- Minerals like zinc, iodine, and selenium
Click here to learn more.


text:
The 2016-2017 Lee-Jackson Educational Foundation Scholarship Program is now available for Virginia students. The objective of the program is to acquaint young people with the historical legacy of two of Virginia's most outstanding military figures, General Robert E. Lee and General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson.
Eighteen scholarships will be awarded to Virginia high school juniors and seniors submitting outstanding original, analytical essays on any aspect positive or negative of the career, character, or legacy of General Robert E. Lee and/or General "Stonewall" Jackson. Scholarship funding is available as follows:
Website: http://http//www.lee-jackson.org/
Disclaimer | Website Guidelines | Site Map


text:
Vista club 'acting out' to raise theater funds
The Vista Boys & Girls Club drama group is raising the curtain on a new fundraising campaign, hoping to get students' creativity into the spotlight.
The club is dipping into crowdsourcing — the new buzzword for Internet fundraising — to generate donations for its drama class. Using indiegogo.com, the group is trying to raise $7,500 for theater seating and upgrades to a room at the club where kids put on plays a few times a year. The online donation request is labeled "Acting out — Boys & Girls Club of Vista theater fund."
As of Friday, the posting had generated $900 — 12 percent of the goal. The push is a different tactic from the usual grant funding, a lengthy process with no guarantee that money will come.
"We just thought we would give this a try," said Candice Reed, development director for the Vista club. "If this works, we will keep going for it."
Roughly 15 to 20 of the kids the club serves take part in the drama club, putting on two full-length plays a year. They wrapped up production of "The Little Mermaid" a few weeks back.
"I seriously believe that children have to have ways to express themselves," said Johnnie Johnson, who has run the drama classes at the Vista club for about seven years. "I want these kids to have a fantastic theater experience."
In the drama-club room on Wednesday, the kids — primarily 6 to 10 years old — said they enjoy the class. Some check it out to be with friends, but they keep coming back — because they love it.
"I like improv," said 8-year-old Andia Mawa, who said she played "Flounder" in the club's Mermaid production. "When I got into my character, I felt I was really under the sea."
With pieces of the Mermaid set behind her, 10-year-old Jimena Villalobos said she enjoys "expressing my feelings through acting."
"When I am mad or sad and I come to class, I start acting and I feel better," the sixth grader said.
"I decided to join acting when I saw a production," said 10-year-old Grace Koumaras. "Everybody did so well, and I want to be an actress."
The drama club keeps the kids busy "acting out" on stage instead of acting up on the streets.
Johnson wants to introduce a love of theater to her students, and has taken them to tour other local stage houses, including the Avo Theater in downtown Vista.
The kids rehearse and perform in a small room — sans air conditioning — at the club's site in central Vista. They perform on a little stage. Audience members sit in folding chairs. The hope is to raise enough money through crowdsourcing to buy a few rows of used theater seats or put in other upgrades.
"It's important that we raise money," 10-year-old Christina Vincent sai, "because drama is a big part of our lives."


text:
Beautiful, illuminated Web 2.0 pricing tables in red, blue, green and white. Files are fully layered with logical groups and layer names making it easy to customize. Large enough for print or web!
Files include 4 High-Resolution PSDs, one for each color. Each PSD comes built-in with different pricing options. Text is not rasterized, making it easy to customize.
I used Helvetica Neue for the text, found here: http://new.myfonts.com/fonts/adobe/helvetica-neue/
But you can use any font you like!
Click below to check out my collection of stylish web buttons!


text:
Keep Your Drink Hot or Cold with the Good Ride Tervis Tumblers!
- Posted on
- By Good Ride
- Posted in Good Ride Lifestyle, Good Ride Store, Tervis Tumblers
The newest and best way to keep any of your beverages at the proper temperature is the Tervis Tumbler.
And available on the Good Ride store are Tervis Tumblers to help keep your coffee warm (or your beer cold).
We have two varieties of Tervis Tumblers — one comes in a green Good Ride logo, another in orange with the Good Ride motto "Life's a ride, make it a good one."
Both options come available in two-packs for your significant other or friends to show off your support for the Good Ride lifestyle with you.
Tervis Tumblers are durable and built to help protect your hands from the hot or cold temperatures of your beverages when drinking from them. They also are dishwasher and microwave safe and are the last travel cup you will ever need.
Let Good Ride Tervis Tumblers help make sure your cold one stays cold, or your hot coffee is there to warm you up. And bring some style to your beverages for those days you are living the Good Ride lifestyle by "doing it with passion, doing it in fashion."
Visit the accessories section of the Good Ride online store to find the Tervis Tumbler two-packs, fitted with the Good Ride style.


text:
kidzsearch.com > wiki Explore:images videos games
|Meat eater ant feeding on honey
|Scientific classification
Ants are social insects of the family Formicidae.[1][2]
Like wasps and bees, ants are in the order Hymenoptera. There are about 22,000 species of ants. More than 12,500 have been classified.[3][4][5] They have a thin waist and elbowed antennae.
A colony has a female ant, called a queen, who lays eggs. Those eggs will hatch into worker ants.[6] Larger colonies of ants having millions of ants mostly have female ants making groups of workers, soldiers, or other special castes. Almost all ant colonies also have some fertile male ants called drones.
Ants have colonies almost everywhere on planet Earth. Places that do not have ants are Antarctica, and certain far away places or islands hard to live on.
Ants are usually small, but can carry the weight of twenty ants. Usually, worker ants will carry food back to the colony so that the other ants and the queen can eat.[7]
Some people use ants for food, medicine and rituals. Some species of ants are used for pest control (they eat pests that destroy food for humans). They can damage crops and enter buildings, though. Some species, like the red imported fire ant, live in places where they came to by complete accident.
The family Formicidae belongs to the order Hymenoptera, which also includes sawflies, bees and wasps. Ants evolved from a lineage within the vespoid wasps.
Phylogenetic analysis suggests that ants arose in the Lower Cretaceous period about 110 to 130 million years ago, or even earlier. One estimate from DNA studies places the origin of ants at ≈140 million years ago (mya).[8] Another study puts it in the Jurassic at 185 ± 36 mya (95% confidence limits).[9]
After the rise of flowering plants about 100 million years ago ants diversified. They became ecologically dominant about 60 million years ago.[10][11][12]
In 1966 E.O. Wilson and his colleagues identified the fossil remains of an ant (Sphecomyrma freyi) from the Cretaceous period. The specimen, trapped in amber dating back to more than 80 million years ago, has features of both ants and wasps.[13] Sphecomyrma was probably a ground forager but some suggest that primitive ants were likely to have been predators underneath the surface of the soil.
During the Cretaceous period, a few species of primitive ants ranged widely on the Laurasian super-continent (the northern hemisphere). They were scarce in comparison to other insects, representing about 1% of the insect population.
Ants became dominant after adaptive radiation at the beginning of the Cainozoic. By the Oligocene and Miocene ants had come to represent 20-40% of all insects found in major fossil deposits. Of the species that lived in the Eocene epoch, approximately one in ten genera survive to the present. Genera surviving today comprise 56% of the genera in Baltic amber fossils (early Oligocene), and 92% of the genera in Dominican amber fossils (apparently early Miocene).[10][14]p23
Termites, though sometimes called white ants, are not ants and belong to the order Isoptera. Termites are actually more closely related to cockroaches and mantids. Termites are eusocial but differ greatly in the genetics of reproduction. The similar social structure is attributed to convergent evolution.[15] Velvet ants look like large ants, but are wingless female wasps.[16][17]
Development and reproduction
The life of an ant starts from an egg. If the egg is fertilised, the progeny will be female (diploid); if not, it will be male (haploid). Ants develop by complete metamorphosis with the larval stages passing through a pupal stage before emerging as an adult. The larva is fed and cared for by workers.
Food is given to the larvae by trophallaxis, a process in which an ant regurgitates liquid food held in its crop. This is also how adults share food, stored in the 'social stomach', among themselves.
Larvae may also be given solid food brought back by foraging workers, and may even be taken to captured prey in some species. The larvae grow through a series of moults and enter the pupal stage.[18]
The differentiation into queens and workers (which are both female), and different castes of workers, is influenced in some species by the food the larvae get. Genetic influences, and the control of gene expression by the feeding are complex. The determination of caste is a major subject of research.[14]p351, 372[19]
A new worker spends the first few days of its adult life caring for the queen and young. It then does digging and other nest work, and later, defends the nest and forages. These changes are sometimes fairly sudden, and define what are called temporal castes. An explanation for the sequence is suggested by the high casualties involved in foraging, making it an acceptable risk only for ants that are older and are likely to die soon of natural causes.[20][21]
Most ant species have a system in which only the queen and breeding females can mate. Contrary to popular belief, some ant nests have multiple queens while others can exist without queens. Workers with the ability to reproduce are called gamergates and colonies that lack queens are then called gamergate colonies; colonies with queens are said to be queen-right.[22]
The winged male ants, called drones, emerge from pupae with the breeding females (although some species, like army ants, have wingless queens), and do nothing in life except eat and mate.
The nuptial flight
Most ants produce a new generation each year.[23] During the species specific breeding period, new reproductives, winged males and females leave the colony in what is called a nuptial flight. Typically, the males take flight before the females. Females of some species mate with just one male, but in some others they may mate with anywhere from one to ten or more different males.[14] Mated females then seek a suitable place to begin a colony. There, they break off their wings and begin to lay and care for eggs.
The first workers to hatch are weak and smaller than later workers, but they begin to serve the colony immediately. They enlarge the nest, forage for food and care for the other eggs. This is how new colonies start in most species. Species that have multiple queens may have a queen leaving the nest along with some workers to found a colony at a new site,[14]p143 a process akin to swarming in honeybees. Females of many species are known to be capable of reproducing asexually through parthenogenesis,[24] and one species, Mycocepurus smithii is known to be all-female.[25]
Ant colonies can be long-lived. The queens can live for up to 30 years, and workers live from 1 to 3 years. Males, however, are more transitory, and survive only a few weeks.[26] Ant queens are estimated to live 100 times longer than solitary insects of a similar size.[27]
Ants are active all year long in the tropics but, in cooler regions, survive the winter in a state of dormancy or inactivity. The forms of inactivity are varied and some temperate species have larvae going into the inactive state (diapause), while in others, the adults alone pass the winter in a state of reduced activity.[28]
Related pages
- ↑ pronounced /fɔrˈmɪsɨdiː/). The word ant comes from ante, a Middle English which comes from æmette of Old English and is related to the Old High German āmeiza. All of these words come from West Germanic *amaitjo. It meant "the biter" (from *ai-, "off, away" and *mait- "cut"). ""ant". Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary". Merriam-Webster. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ant. Retrieved 6 June 2008.
- ↑ "Ant. Online Etymology Dictionary". http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=ant. Retrieved 30 May 2009. The family name Formicidae is from the Latin word formīca ("ant"). Simpson DP (1979). Cassell's Latin Dictionary (5 ed.). London: Cassell Ltd. The word "ant" in other languages such as the Portuguese .formiga, Italian formica, Spanish hormiga, Romanian furnică and French fourmi come from the Latin word.
- ↑ Bolton, Barry (1995). A new General Catalogue of the Ants of the World. Harvard University Press. .
- ↑ "Hymenoptera name server. Formicidae species count.". Ohio State University. http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu:210/hymenoptera/tsa.sppcount?the_taxon=Formicidae.
- ↑ La nueva taxonomía de hormigas. Pages 45-48 in Fernández, F. Introducción a las hormigas de la región neotropical.. Instituto Humboldt, Bogotá. 2003. http://antbase.org/ants/publications/20973/20973.pdf.
- ↑ Oster G.F, Wilson E.O (1978). Caste and ecology in the social insects. Princeton University Press, Princeton. p. 21–22. .
- ↑ Wade, Nicholas (15 July 2008). "Taking a cue from ants on evolution of humans". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/15/science/15wils.html. Retrieved 15 July 2008.
- ↑ Brady S.G. 2003. Evolution of the army ant syndrome: the origin and long-term evolutionary stasis of a complex of behavioral and reproductive adaptations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 100, 6575–6579.[1]
- ↑ Crozier R.H, Jermiin L.S. & Chiotis M. 1997. Molecular evidence for a Jurassic origin of ants. Naturwissenschaften 84, 22–23.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Grimaldi D, Agosti D (2001). "A formicine in New Jersey Cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and early evolution of the ants". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97 (25): 13678–13683. . . . http://www.pnas.org/cgi/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=pnas&resid=97/25/13678.
- ↑ Moreau CS et al (2006). "Phylogeny of the ants: diversification in the Age of Angios". Science 312 (5770): 101–104. . . http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/312/5770/101.
- ↑ Wilson E.O, Hölldobler B (2005). "The rise of the ants: A phylogenetic and ecological explanation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102 (21): 7411–7414. . . . http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/102/21/7411.
- ↑ Wilson E.O., Carpenter FM, Brown WL (1967). "The first Mesozoic ants". Science 157 (3792): 1038–1040. . .
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Hölldobler B. and Wilson E.O. 1990. The Ants. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9783540520924
- ↑ Thorne, Barbara L (1997). "Evolution of eusociality in termites" (PDF). Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 28: 27–53. . http://www.thornelab.umd.edu/Termite_PDFS/EvolutionEusocialityTermites.pdf.
- ↑ "Order Isoptera - Termites". Iowa State University Entomology. 2004. http://bugguide.net/node/view/69. Retrieved 12 June 2008.
- ↑ "Family Mutillidae - Velvet ants". Iowa State University Entomology. 2004. http://bugguide.net/node/view/159/. Retrieved 12 June 2008.
- ↑ Gillott, Cedric (1995). Entomology. Springer. p. 325. .
- ↑ Anderson, Kirk E.; Linksvayer, Timothy A.; Smith, Chris R. (2008). "The causes and consequences of genetic caste determination in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". Myrmecol. News 11: 119–132. http://myrmecologicalnews.org/cms/images/pdf/volume11/mn11_119-132_non-printable.pdf.
- ↑ Traniello JFA (1989). "Foraging strategies of ants". Annual Review of Entomology 34: 191–210. .
- ↑ Sorensen A, Busch TM, Vinson SB (1984). "Behavioral flexibility of temporal sub-castes in the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, in response to food". Psyche 91: 319–332. . http://psyche.entclub.org/91/91-319.html.
- ↑ Peeters C, Holldobler B (1995). "Reproductive cooperation between queens and their mated workers: The complex life history of an ant with a valuable nest" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 92 (24): 10977–10979. . . . http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/92/24/10977.pdf.
- ↑ Taylor, Richard W. (2007). "Bloody funny wasps! Speculations on the evolution of eusociality in ants". In Snelling R.R., B.L. Fisher, & P S. Ward. Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): homage to E.O. Wilson – 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 80. American Entomological Institute. pp. 580–609.
- ↑ Heinze, Jurgen; Tsuji, Kazuki (1995). "Ant reproductive strategies" (PDF). Res. Popul. Ecol. 37 (2): 135–149. . http://meme.biology.tohoku.ac.jp/POPECOL/RP%20PDF/37(2)/pp.135.pdf.
- ↑ Himler, Anna G.; Caldera, EJ; Baer, BC; Fernández-Marín, H; Mueller, UG (2009). "No sex in fungus-farming ants or their crops". Proc. R. Soc. B 276 (1667): 2611. . . .
- ↑ Keller L (1998). "Queen lifespan and colony characteristics in ants and termites". Insectes Sociaux 45: 235–246. .
- ↑ Franks N.R, Resh V.H, Cardé R.T eds (2003). Encyclopedia of Insects. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 29–32. .
- ↑ Kipyatkov V.E (2001). "Seasonal life cycles and the forms of dormancy in ants (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea)". Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae 65 (2): 198–217.
Further reading
- Borror D.J, Triplehorn C.A and Delong D.M 1989. Introduction to the study of Insects. 6th ed, Saunders. ISBN 0030253977
- Hölldobler B. and Wilson E.O. 1998. Journey to the ants: a story of scientific exploration. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674485262
- Hölldobler B. and Wilson E.O. 1990. The Ants. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9783540520924
- Hölldobler B and Wilson E.O. 2009. The Superorganism: the beauty, elegance and strangeness of insect societies. Norton. ISBN 9780393067040
Other websites
|Wikispecies has information on: ants.
- Media related to Formicidae at Wikimedia Commons
- "Antweb from The California Academy of Sciences". antweb.org. http://www.antweb.org/. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
- "AntBlog, a website for studying ant colonies". antblog.co.uk. http://www.antblog.co.uk/. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
- Global Ant Project
- The super-nettles. A dermatologist's guide to ants-in-the-plants
{{Link GA|
- Articles containing Middle English language text
- Articles containing Old English language text
- Articles containing Old High German language text
- Articles containing West Germanic language text
- Articles containing Germanic language text
- Articles containing Latin language text
- Articles containing Portuguese language text
- Articles containing Italian language text
- Articles containing Spanish language text
- Articles containing Romanian language text
- Articles containing French language text
- Articles with 'species' microformats
- Basic English 850 words
- Ants


text:
How to Bootstrap Javascript Projects with gitiintjs.sh
About a year-and-a-half ago I decided to take the plunge and switched from Windows to Linux on all of my computers. When once I viewed the command line as an intimidating totem of geekdom — whose promptings could only be appeased with a prememorized sequence of ritualistic keymashing –I now wonder how I ever got anything done without it. Gone are the days when I'd throw out a "Darmok and Jalad at Tanagra" reference to test the geek-depth of newly-met friends, Do you even shebang, bro? is my new challenge of choice.
Imagine the nerdistential crisis, then, when I ran an old shell script I wrote to automate backups and was met with utter failure on my new (ArchLinux) environment. Thus began the first of many lessons in writing portable shell programs, the gist of which is that there is no such thing as shell "programming", only the manipulation of core programs through the use of shell commands.
To unpack that a little, consider the following sequence, inspired by Pat Brisbin's excellent "The Unix Shell's Humble If":
if [ "Darmok at Tanagra" != "Jalad at Tanagra" ];
echo "Shaka, when the walls fell."
echo "His arms wide open."
Brisbin highlights that the opening bracket of the test condition for the above if block "is just another command" — technically, it's just a second form of the test utility, similar in usage to test except that it requires "a trailing ]". Very same; So copy — but why? As Brisbin notes, "this bit of cleverness leads to an intuitive and familiar form when the [command is paired with if" but it also leads to improper usage among peeps who expect the Frankensteined block to parse intuitively. Having repeatedly mashed my brain against such cases, much head nodding happened when I read Rich Felker's preamable to the excellent POSIX shell tricks: "I am a strong believer that Bourne-derived languages are extremely bad, on the same order of badness as Perl, for programming, and consider programming sh for any purpose other than as a super-portable, lowest-common-denominator platform for build or bootstrap scripts and the like, as an extremely misguided endeavor." Take the following code block, which does not do what you want it to do:
if [ grep -q 'Tanagra' /log/darmoks_trips.log ];
echo "Shaka, when the walls fell."
The block fails because [ expects an expression to evaluate for an exit code . Remember, the first line is equivalent to:
if test grep -q 'Tanagra' /log/darmoks_trips.log; ...
…and the fix is simple:
if test "grep -q 'Tanagra' /log/darmoks_trips.log"; ...
But there's no need for any of this because the if command already evaluates the expression that follows it. So all we need is:
if grep -q 'Tanagra' /log/darmoks_trips.log; ...
Which leads me to the second thing I've learned about writing portable shell scripts: Read The Fucking Manual. Without getting into a digression on Bashisms, POSIX-compliance, and the many subtle differences in shells, if you want to ensure that your scripts will work as expected, you should be aware of what is and is not part of the POSIX specification. So what does POSIX say about ifs? Glad you asked:
The if command shall execute a compound-list and use its exit status to determine whether to execute another compound-list.
The format for the if construct is as follows:
if compound-list then compound-list [elif compound-list then compound-list] ... [else compound-list] fi
The if compound-list shall be executed; if its exit status is zero, the then compound-list shall be executed and the command shall complete. Otherwise, each elif compound-list shall be executed, in turn, and if its exit status is zero, the then compound-list shall be executed and the command shall complete. Otherwise, the else compound-list shall be executed.
The exit status of the if command shall be the exit status of the then or else compound-list that was executed, or zero, if none was executed.
With all of that as preface, the purpose of today's post is to share a ghastly 4,000 line shell script I wrote to bootstrap new JavaScript projects. I wanted it to be portable so I stuck with POSIX-compliant commands and linted using ShellCheck. The length is due mostly to the inclusion of various full-text licenses, which I wanted contained within the script so as to make it entirely unreliant on additional files or Internet access.
The script creates a new directory and populates it with the following files and folders:
|-- assets/
|-- docs/
|-- src/
|-- tests/
|- bower.json
|- gulpfile.js
|- main.js
|- package.json
|- README.md
|- .gitignore
Each file is configured based on user-defined script defaults or command-line arguments. Usage is straightforward:
usage: gitinitjs.sh [[[-a author_name] [-e author_email] [-g github_user_id] [-l license_type] [-n npm_user_id] [-p project_name] [-t target_directory] [-u author_url]] | [-h]]
-a author_name: the author's name (used to attribute ownership in various files)
(the default value can be configured in $AUTHOR_NAME and is currently set to "Misaqe Ismailzai")
-e author_email: the author's email address (used to set contact information in various files)
(the default value can be configured in $AUTHOR_EMAIL and is currently set to "firstname.lastname@example.com")
-g github_user_id: the github.com user id to associate this project with (used to generate links in various files)
(the default value can be configured in $GITHUB_USER_ID and is currently set to "moismailzai")
-l license_type: the type of license to generate and associate this project with
valid types: agpl3 apache2 artistic2 bsd bsd3c eclipse gpl2 gpl3 lgpl2 lgpl3 mit mozilla2 unlicense none
(the default value can be configured in $LICENSE_TYPE and is currently set to "mit")
-n npm_user_id: the npmjs.com user id to associate this project with (used to generate links in various files)
(the default value can be configured in $NPM_USER_ID and is currently set to "moismailzai")
-p project_name: the project name (used as the project directory name as well)
(the default value is the current directory's name, "/home/mo/Dropbox/dev/cars")
-t target_directory: the target directory under which the project directory should be created
(the default value can be configured in $TARGET_DIRECTORY and is currently set to "/home/mo/Dropbox/dev/cars/")
-u author_url: the author's URL (used to set contact information in various files)
(the default value can be configured in $AUTHOR_URL and is currently set to "http://www.moismailzai.com")
-h: display this message
The script assumes you've set sane defaults so simply calling
is enough to get you rolling (though you'll be asked to confirm that you want to use the current directory, and its name, as the root directory of a new project). Calling it like so
gitinitjs.sh -p ninjasgonewild
will bootstrap a project called "ninjasgonewild" in a directory called "ninjasgonewild" (provided the directory doesn't already exist). By default, this project directory is placed wherever the script is invoked from but you can alter the behavior by changing the "TARGET_DIRECTORY" variable to a path of your choice. Calling it with any flag:
gitinitjs.sh -l none
will override that default. Here, it forces the "none" license (which generates a COPYRIGHT file instead of a LICENSE file).
You can force the script to completely override all defaults by explicitly providing all parameter (-a author name, -e author email, -g github.com username, -l license type, -n npmjs.com username, -p project name, -t project target directory, and -u author url):
gitinitjs.sh -a "Christopher Alesund" -e firstname.lastname@example.com -g GeT_RiGhT -l unlicense -n GeT_RiGhT -p ninjasgonewild -t /root/home/christopher -u http://nip.gl/players/get_right
Perhaps a bit much, but a fun weekend challenge to help automate yet another aspect of the daily grind.
Check out the project on GitHub and let me know what you think. And if you happen to delve into the code, line 94 will be our dirty little secret.


text:
More than 200 people gathered to ask questions and get advice on new funding available to repair damage caused by high water levels of Lake Ontario.
However, the biggest questions for many in the audience weren't about the paperwork, but rather if this year's water level, about 2 feet above average, is the new normal.
Read the Full Story on watertowndailytimes.com


text:
Senior Member
Last Activity: 13th April 2020 05:59 PM
About Me
- About thedieselspaceship
- Home country
- Ukraine
- When you create even more intuitive GUI, the world creates even more dummy users
Most Thanked
Post Summary
Nice keyboard, Runs flawlessly on Nexus 4 device with android 5.1.1 system (Stock and Franco kernels)
I think that that feature if available in the MIUI ROM. Have a look at http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=21146167 MIUI v4 ICS - 2.3.16 - Ice Cream Sandwich Swyped from my HTC Desire S There is some trick for audio. Crea...
EDIT: there s no need to ask to flinny ._. i need a file from your phone ( Config.gz ) you can find it in proc\ you need a root file manager Here is the config.gz from my phone with non-sony panel. I am using the stock rooted ROM. http...
It's only one type of Emmc chip that can get corrupted so it's worth determining you have the bad one , don't know the command off the top off my head, you'll find it in the index Emmc links Swyped from my DesireS Please look at the picture. htt...
How can check or monitoring cpu temperature? I think you should try this one http://bit.ly/LyiVwn


text:
Most technical documents would have at the least a couple of images for instance some extent, or display shots that accompany the description of a certain step-by-step process, etc. A expertise charge of $one hundred and five will be charged to all college students each semester regardless of what number of hours a student is enrolled. Please be assured that Zodiac Pool Programs, Inc., its subsidiaries and affiliates (collectively "Zodiac"), do not not promote any personal data offered by means of this web site, to any third events.
In case you imagine that none of those must be preserved this have to be justified, and if the case is an efficient one the application is not going to be prejudiced. The Mechanical Engineering internship is open to full-time, degree-searching for students in a bachelor's, grasp's, or PhD program in Mechanical Engineering or a associated technical discipline, and functions open in January.
The AHRC requires a minimal of three years after the tip of venture funding for each preservation and sustainability, however in lots of, if not most, instances a longer period will likely be applicable. The Air Pressure provides excellent benefits—like health insurance, meals allowance and housing stipends—that will not be discovered at civilian trade schools.
Hinds guarantees that employers will be satisfied with our profession and technical college students' entry-degree skills attained in the scholar's area of research, or Hinds will provide a further 9 credit hours to the coed, tuition-free. Instructing assets that you need to use to plan your lessons and help your college students' studying.
Where digital outputs are preserved but not sustained, the expectation is that they should be freely accessible on request, but once more a case may be put forward on the contrary and will probably be considered on its deserves. These are the same advantages that you'll continue to receive as soon as technical training is over and you have officially started working in your subject.


text:
Servicios Personalizados
- Citado por SciELO
- Accesos
Links relacionados
- Citado por Google
- Similares en SciELO
- Similares en Google
International Journal of Morphology
versión On-line ISSN 0717-9502
Int. J. Morphol. vol.30 no.3 Temuco set. 2012
Int. J. Morphol., 30(3):858-865, 2012.
Contribution Towards the Anatomy of the Esophageal Hiatus and its Relationship with the Presence of Bundles of Collagen Fibers in its Margins
Contribución a la Anatomía del Hiato Esofágico y su Relación con la Presencia de Haces de Fibras Colágenas en sus Márgenes
*José Jeová de Oliveira Filho; **Benedito Herani Filho; ***Francisco Prado Reis; ****Vera Lúcia Correa Feitosa & *****José Aderval Aragão
* Assistant Professor, Medical School of Tiradentes University (UNIT), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
** Associate Professor, Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
*** Titular Professor, Medical School of Tiradentes University (UNIT), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
**** Associate Professor, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe.
*****Adjunct Professor of Human Anatomy, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS) and Titular Professor, Medical School of Tiradentes University (UNIT), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
SUMMARY: The aim was to detect the presence of bundles of collagen fibers in the margins of the esophageal hiatus and establish if there is any relationship of these bundles with the anatomy of the hiatus. Ten adult male cadavers, with no gross anatomical alteration caused by trauma, surgery or disease, upon the esophageal hiatus were used in the study. A piece of anatomical structure comprising the diaphragm with the esophageal hiatus and adjacent tissues was removed, dissected and 10% formol embedding. With the aid of a digital caliper, measurements of the perimeter of the esophageal hiatus were done both in the abdominal and thoracic sides. For the structural study each margin was divided in six sections. Staining techniques of Masson and Picrosirius-hematoxilin were used. Collagen fibers bundles had been found in 8/10 studied cadavers, distributed in 13 margins of the hiatus, of which 7 to left and 6 to the right. The muscle fibers originating from the right pillar had participated in forming both margins of the esophageal hiatus in 60% of cadavers, while in 40%, the fibers of the left pillar had formed the medial side of the right margin. The right margin was statistically thicker than the left. It did not have a correlation between the measures of the vertices of the angles superior/inferior and the transversal measure of the esophageal hiatus. The measures between the vertices of the angles superior/inferior, respectively, with the central tendon and median arcuate ligament, had presented thoracic values that tended to the double, in relation to the abdominal ones, and had been statistically significant. These distances were smaller in cadavers who possessed bundles of collagen fibers in the margins of the esophageal hiatus. Bundles of collagen fibers bundles were found in 65% of the 20 margins of the esophageal hiatus. The margins of the esophageal hiatus were predominantly formed by muscles fibers originated of the right pillar of the muscle diaphragm. The anatomical and morphometric data presented statistically significant values regarding: thickness of the right arm in relation to the left; distance between the vertex of the superior angle and the central tendon; and distance between the vertex of the inferior angle and the median arcuate ligament.
KEY WORDS: Diaphragm; Esophagogastric Junction; Collagen; Cadaver; Humans.
RESUMEN: El objetivo fue detectar la presencia de haces de fibras de colágeno en los márgenes del hiato esofágico y establecer si existe relación de éstos con la anatomía del hiato. Fueron utilizados 10 cadáveres de individuos adultos de sexo masculino, sin alteraciones anatómicas evidentes causadas por trauma, cirugía o enfermedad, sobre el hiato esofágico. Fue retirada y disecada una sección anatómica que contendía el diafragma con el hiato esofágico y los tejidos adyacentes y luego fijada en formol 10%. Las medidas del perímetro del hiato esofágico se realizaron con ayuda de un caliper digital en los lados abdominal y torácico. Para el estudio estructural cada margen fue dividido en seis secciones y teñidos con Tricómico de Masson y Picrosirius-hematoxilina. En 8/10 cadáveres estudiados fueron encontrados haces de fibras colágenas, distribuidos en 13 márgenes del hiato esofágico, 7 izquierdos y 6 derechos. Las fibras musculares que originaban el pilar derecho participaron en la formación de ambos márgenes del hiato esofágico en 60% de los cadáveres, mientras que en el 40%, las fibras del pilar izquierdo habían formado el lado intermedio del margen derecho. El margen derecho fue estadísticamente más grueso que el izquierdo. No se encontró correlación entre las medidas de los vértices de los ángulos superior/inferior y la medida transversal del hiato esofágico. Las medidas entre los vértices de los ángulos superior/inferior, respectivamente, con el tendón central y el ligamento arqueado mediano, presentaron valores torácicos que fueron casi el doble em relación a los abdominales, y fueron estadísticamente significativos. Estas distancias eran más pequeñas en los cadáveres que tenían haces de fibras de colágeno en las márgenes del hiato esofágico. Los paquetes de fibras de colágeno fueron encontrados en 65% de los 20 márgenes del hiato del esófago. Los márgenes del hiato esofágico fueron formados principalmente por fibras musculares originadas del pilar derecho del diafragma. Los datos anatómicos y morfométricos presentaron valores estadísticamente significativos en relación con: espesor del lado derecho en relación al izquierdo; distancia entre vértice del ángulo superior y el tendón central y distancia entre el vértice del ángulo inferior y el ligamento arqueado mediano.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Diafragma; Unión gastroesofágica; Colágeno; Cadáver; Humanos.
The pillars of the muscle diaphragm have an essential role in anatomically delimiting the esophageal hiatus. There are disagreements about various aspects of the anatomy of the hiatus, with consequent implications for surgery at this level, especially regarding variations in the participation of these pillars in forming the hiatus and in determining its type (Costa, 1991; Cecconelo et al., 1994; Moore, 1994; Costa & Pires-Neto, 2004). These disagreements have also occurred in relation to the terminology used to describe the involvement of these pillars in forming the hiatus (Bowden & el-Ramli, 1967; Low, 1907).
Some authors believed that the margins of the esophageal hiatus would exclusively be formed by fiber bundles from the right pillar (Moore; Low; Cunningham, 1949; Allison, 1951; Harrington, 1955; Madden, 1956; Botha, 1958; Marchand, 1959; Mann et al., 1964; Girgis et al., 1965; Shehata, 1966; Hamilton, 1882; Spalteholz, 1988; Basmajian, 1993). Lataste & Sulzer (1980) and Mourot & Bastian (1998) stated that this occurred in 95% of the cases; Juraniec (1972), 75%; Pataro et al. (1961), 64%; Collis (1966) and Collis et al. (1954), 46%; and Bowden & el-Ramli, 36%.
Listerud & Harkins (1958) described eleven types of esophageal hiatus, among which the most frequent were type A (50%) and type B (44%). In the type A esophageal hiatus, the two margins emerge from the right pillar, while in type B the left margin emerges from the right pillar, and the right margin emerges from both pillars of the diaphragm. Groszec (1984) described twelve types of hiatus, among which type I (58%) as the most frequent. In this type, both two sides would arise from the right pillar, with lesser participation by the left pillar.
Botros et al. (1990) accepted that the esophageal hiatus was exclusively formed by the right pillar in 10% of the cases and the left pillar in 2% of the cases. In 62% of the cases, both pillars participated, although the right pillar predominated. In some studies, it was observed that the esophageal hiatus was formed equally from the two pillars of the muscle diaphragm in 100% of the cases (Maisonnet & Coudane, 1950; Testut & Latarjet, 1979; Carey & Hollinshead, 1955; Bouchet & Cuilleret, 1979). According to Bowden & el-Ramli, this type of formation occurred in 32% of the cases, and according to Juraniec, in 25%. Pataro et al., found that the esophageal hiatus was exclusively formed by the right pillar in 41.6%; by both two pillars, in 58.3% (albeit with predominance of the right pillar); and exclusively by the left pillar in only one case. Some authors (Allison; Groszec; Carey & Hollinshead; Giordano-Lanza, 1973; Gardner et al., 1988; Khale et al., 1995) has maintained that involvement of the left pillar in the formation of the esophageal hiatus would be exceptional and would be limited to only a small increase in muscle fiber.
Some authors have accepted that the values of the craniocaudal and transverse diameters are important in the morphology of the esophageal hiatus. The craniocaudal diameter has been found to vary around 1.5 cm (Lataste & Sulzer; Mourot & Bastian; Testut & Latarjet; Dell'Isola et al., 1989; Silva, 1992; Guivarc'h, 1973; Tenière et al., 1994), whereas the transversal diameter varied around 1.2 cm (Lataste & Sulzer; Testut & Latarjet; Giordano-Lanza; Dell'Isola et al.; Silva).
Most authors have accepted that the structure of the esophageal hiatus is formed exclusively by muscle fiber bundles. Collis and Collis et al., accepted that variation in forming the limits of the esophageal hiatus, and differences in the presence of these fiber bundles in the anterior and posterior edges of the hiatus, could be significant in producing illnesses like hiatus hernia. Bowden & el-Ramli accepted the possibility that large opening of the esophageal hiatus might be related to a limited tendinous origin. On the other hand, an elliptical opening might correspond to an extensive tendinous origin. This author concluded that the posterior limit of the esophageal hiatus would invariably be muscular and that the preceding limit would be tendinous. Androulakis et al. (1966) reported that collagen fibers were present at the level of the lower third of the esophageal hiatus. Other authors have described similar findings (Costa; Costa & Pires-Neto; Gray et al.; Skandalakis et al.; Costa & Barreto, 1986). However, these studies did not take into consideration the anatomical relationship between the esophageal hiatus and the presence of such collagen fiber bundles, with regard to delimiting this hiatus.
Ten human cadavers of male adults without macroscopic signs of trauma, surgical intervention or illnesses of the esophageal hiatus were used. From each cadaver, a block was removed containing part of the diaphragm muscle and surrounding tissues. The blocks were dissected before and after fixation in a 10% formaldehyde solution. The dissection exposed the abdominal and thoracic faces of the esophageal hiatus, from the central tendon to the main pillars of the diaphragm. In order to adequately preserve the anatomy of the esophageal hiatus, the muscle diaphragm was affixed to a polystyrene board.
With the aid of digital calipers the following measurements were made: distance between the vertices of the superior angle (VSA) and lower angle (VIA) of the esophageal hiatus; greatest transversal distance between the internal edges of the hiatus; thickness of the pillars; distance between VSA and the tendinous center; and distance between VIA and the median arcuate ligament of the muscle diaphragm (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1. Photograph showing the distances measured in the esophageal hiatus.
1. Distance between the vertices of the superior/inferior angles.
2. Greatest transversal distance of the esophageal hiatus.
3. Distance between the vertex of the superior angle and tendinous center.
4. Distance between the vertex of the inferior angle and arcuate median ligament.
Each of the pillars at the level of the hiatus was divided into six sections. These sections were embedded in paraffin, and histological sections of seven micrometers in thickness were made. The picrosirius, hematoxylin and Masson staining techniques were used. The statistical analyses were performed using the Origin 6.0 software, by means of Student's t test and Pearson's correlation coefficient.
In all the cadavers studied, the right pillar of the muscle diaphragm formed both the left branch and the lateral region of the right branch of the esophageal hiatus. The origin of the medial branch of the right branch was also predominantly the right pillar, but in four cases the origin of this region was the left pillar. Collagen fiber bundles of tendinous appearance (Fig. 2) were found in eight of the ten cadavers studied, distributed in 13 of the 20 branches of the esophageal hiatus: seven on the left side and six on the right side, all originating from the right pillar of the diaphragm muscle (Table I).
Fig. 2. Photomicrograph of a longitudinal section at the superior level of the right margin
of the esophageal hiatus, showing bundles of collagen fibers
(à) and muscle fibers (ê) Masson trichrome staining. 400X
The length of the esophageal hiatus, measured as the distance between VSA and VIA, presented an average value of 4 cm, with only three occurrences below this average. Since the width of the esophageal hiatus corresponded to the greatest lateral (transversal) distance between its branches, the values were more evenly distributed: half of them below and half of them above the average (Table II). The correlation between length and width of the hiatus was low (Fig. 3).
Fig. 3. Curve of correlation of Pearson enters the measure
of VSA-VIA versus the transversal measure.
There was significant variation (p = 0.01) in thickness between the left and right margins of the esophageal hiatus. In six cadavers, the right margin was thicker than the left, while in four, the margins had similar thicknesses (Table III).
Regarding the distance between VSA and the central tendon of the diaphragm muscle, the values in the thoracic face were twice as high as in the abdominal face. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.01). In cases
of esophageal hiatuses with collagen fiber bundles on their margins, the distance values were lower on both sides, while the values were higher in hiatus margins without collagen fiber bundles (Table IV).
Regarding the distance between VIA and the median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm muscle, the values were greater in the thoracic face than in the abdominal face. This finding was statistically significant (p = 0.02), and there was a high degree of correlation between the faces (r = 0.82) (Fig. 4). In the cadavers in which there were collagen fiber bundles of tendinous appearance, there were two occurrences of raised values in both faces of the hiatus (Table V).
Fig. 4. Curve of correlation of Pearson enters the measures between VIA and
the arcuate median ligament in the faces abdominal and thoracic.
There has been much controversy between different authors' findings concerning the anatomy and morphofunctional aspects of the esophageal hiatus. In the present study, 60% of the left and right margins of the esophageal hiatus originated from the right pillar of the diaphragm, while the left pillar only participated in 40%. In similar studies, Listerud & Harkins and Groszec found values of 50% and 40.8% respectively. Low participation by the left pillar in forming the margins of the esophageal hiatus has been reported by several authors (Cecconelo et al.; Allison; Groszec; Carey & Hollinshead; Giordano-Lanza; Guivarc'h).
Most authors accept that the structure of the margins of the esophageal hiatus is formed exclusively by muscle fiber bundles. In the present study, collagen fiber bundles were found in 65% of the margins of the esophageal hiatus, and all of these originated from the right pillar of the diaphragm. Androulakis et al., Gray et al., Skandalakis et al., Costa and Costa & Pires-Neto reported similar findings, although they did not determine the number of margins of the hiatus in which collagen fiber bundles were present. Nor did they establish any correlation between their findings and the anatomical characteristics of the esophageal hiatus.
Most studies have assumed that the right margin of the esophageal hiatus is thicker than the left margin (Allison; Pataro et al.; Carey & Hollinshead; Khale et al.). On the other hand, Lataste & Sulzer found that the left margin was thicker. In the present study, the right margin of the hiatus was predominantly thicker, but in 40% of the cases the two sides had similar thicknesses. This finding seems to be uncommon in the literature. The presence of collagen fiber bundles seemed to influence the thickness of the margins of the esophageal hiatus. Thus, 66% of the hiatus margins presented above-average thicknesses. Meanwhile, the margins without collagen fiber bundles were thinner.
Bowden & el-Ramli correlated the thickness of the lower right margin with a possible further opening of the esophageal hiatus. In the present study, four cadavers had below-average margin thickness, while in two cadavers, the lengths and widths were greater than or equal to the respective averages. The average lengths and widths of the margins were found to be roughly similar to those reported by some other authors (Lataste & Sulzer; Testut & Latarjet; Dell'Isola et al.; Silva). However, the correlation between these variables was statistically low.
Regarding the relationship between the anatomical esophageal hiatus and the tendinous center, some authors (Allison; Marchand; Pataro et al.) have assumed that variations in the degree of overlap of the diaphragm muscle fibers can produce differences in measurements between the hiatus and the tendinous center. According to other authors (Moore; Testut & Latarjet; Bouchet & Cuilleret; Skandalakis et al.), the shape of the hemidiaphragm and the oblique position of the esophageal hiatus could also change this relationship. In the present study, this relationship was represented by the distance between the VSA and the tendinous center, and the values in the thoracic face were twice the values in the abdominal face. These values were smaller when the margins that formed the esophageal hiatus structure contained collagen fiber bundles, and were larger in the margins without collagen fibers.
Botha accepted that the distance between VIA and the median arcuate ligament would diminish with increasing age of the individual and that there would be a widening of the esophageal hiatus. The values found for the distance on the face were higher than those of the thoracic abdominal face, with a statistically significant high degree of correlation.
The presence of collagen fiber bundles in the muscle structure that delimits the margins of the esophageal hiatus seems to modify some anatomical aspects of the hiatus. It is desirable to continue to investigate this subject in order to contribute towards knowledge of the physiopathology and related surgical characteristics of this region.
Allison, P. R. Reflux esophagitis, sliding hiatal hernia and the anatomy of repair. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 92(4):419-31, 1951. [ Links ]
Androulakis, J. A.; Skandalakis, J. E. & Gray, S. W. Contributions to the pathological anatomy of hiatal hernia. J. Med. Assoc. Ga., 55(7) 295-6, 1966. [ Links ]
Basmajian, J. V. Músculo diafragma. In: Basmajian, J. V. Anatomía de Grant. 10a ed. São Paulo, Manole, 1993. p.214. [ Links ]
Botha, G. S. The gastro-oesophageal region in infants; observations on the anatomy, with special reference to the closing mechanism and partial thoracic stomach. Arch. Dis. Child., 33(167):78-94, 1958. [ Links ]
Botros, K. G.; Bondok, A. A.; Gabr, O. M.; el-Eishi, H. I. & State, F. A. Anatomical variations in the formation of the human oesophageal hiatus. Anat. Anz., 171(3):193-9, 1990. [ Links ]
Bouchet, A. & Cuilleret, J. Torax. In: Bouchet, A. & Cuilleret, J. Anatomía descriptiva, topográfica y funcional. Buenos Aires, Panamericana, 1979. pp.70-6. [ Links ]
Bowden, R. E. & el-Ramli, H. A. The anatomy of the oesophageal hiatus. Br. J. Surg., 54(12):983-9, 1967. [ Links ]
Carey, J. M. & Hollinshead, J. M. An anatomic study of the esophageal hiatus. Surg. Gynec. Obstet., 100(2):196-200, 1955. [ Links ]
Cecconelo, I.; Zilberstein, B. & Pinotti, H. W. Tratamento cirúrgico da esofagite de refluxo. In: Pinotti, H. W. Tratado de Clínica Cirúrgica do Aparelho Digestivo. Rio de Janeiro, Atheneu, 1994. pp.374-86. [ Links ]
Collis, J. L. The diaphragm and hiatus hernia. Proc. R. Soc. Med., 59(4):354-6, 1966. [ Links ]
Collis, J. L.; Kelly, T. D. & Wiley, A. M. Anatomy of the crura of the diaphragm and the surgery of hiatus hernia. Thorax, 9(3):175-89, 1954. [ Links ]
Costa, M. M. B. Sobre a estruturação músculo-facial do hiato esofágico e sua aplicação médico-cirúrgica. Rev. Col. Bras. Cir., 18:109-14, 1991. [ Links ]
Costa, M. M. B. & Barreto, H. Pilares do diafragma. Rev. Bras. Cien. Morfol., 3(1):47-53, 1986. [ Links ]
Costa, M. M. & Pires-Neto, M. A. Anatomical investigation of the esophageal and aortic hiatuses: physiologic, clinical and surgical considerations. Anat. Sci. Int., 79(1):21-31, 2004. [ Links ]
Cunningham, D. J. Diafragma. In: Cunninghan, D. J. Anatomía Humana. Barcelona, M. Marin, 1949. pp.490-5. [ Links ]
Dell'Isola, C.; Tucci, G.; Sportelli, G. & Stroppa, I. Anatomo-surgical findings on structure and function of the esophageal hiatus. G. Chir., 10(10):549-52, 1989. [ Links ]
Gardner, E.; Gray, D. J. & Rahilly, R. O. Parede torácica e mediastino. In: Gardner, E.; Gray, D. J. & Rahilly, R.O. Anatomía. 4a ed. Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara Koogan, 1988. pp.264-5. [ Links ]
Giordano-Lanza, G. Anatomical and embryological data on the diaphragm, with special reference to the esophageal hiatus. Minerva Med., 64(81):4256-62, 1973. [ Links ]
Girgis, F. G.; Elmalt, A. M. & Shehata, R. The crura of the diaphragm and their nerve supply. J. Egypt. Med. Assoc., 48(11):798-805, 1965. [ Links ]
Gray, S. W.; Rowe, J. S. Jr. & Skandalakis, J. E. Surgical anatomy of the gastroesophageal junction. Am. Surg., 45(9):575-87, 1979. [ Links ]
Groszec, I. Types of the esophageal hiatus in newborns and infants. Folia Morphol. (Warsz), 4(4):337-42, 1984. [ Links ]
Guivarc'h, M. From the normal hiatus to hiatal hernia. Anatomic, topographic, and physiopathologic concepts. Rev. Prat., 23(15):1309-10, 1973. [ Links ]
Hamilton, W. J. Músculo diafragma. In: Hamilton, W. J. Tratado de anatomía humana. 2a ed. Rio de Janeiro, Interamericana, 1882. p.157. [ Links ]
Harrington, S. W. Esophageal hiatal diaphragmatic hernia. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 100(3):277-92, 1955. [ Links ]
Juraniec, J. The aortic and esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm of primates. Folia Morphol. (Warsz), 31(2):215-25, 1972. [ Links ]
Khale, W.; Leonhardt, H.; Platzer, W. Tronco: o diafragma. In: Khale, W.; Leonhardt, H. & Platzer, W. Atlas de anatomía humana. São Paulo, Atheneu, 1995. pp.102-5. [ Links ]
Lataste, J. & Sulzer, J. Esôfago. Estómago. Duodeno. Diafragma. In: Patel, J. & Leger, L. Tratado de técnica quirúrgica. 2a ed. Barcelona, Toray-Masson, 1980. pp.611-3. [ Links ]
Listerud, M. B. & Harkins, H. N. Anatomy of the esophageal hiatus; anatomic studies on two hundred four fresh cadavers. AMA Arch. Surg., 76(5):835-40, 1958. [ Links ]
Low, A. A note on the crura of the diaphragm and the muscle of Treitz. J. Anat. Physiol., 42(Pt 1):93-6, 1907. [ Links ]
Madden, J. L. Anatomic and technical considerations in the treatment of esophageal hiatal hernia. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 102(2):187-94, 1956. [ Links ]
Maisonnet, J. & Coudane, R. Diaphragme. In: Maisonnet, J. & Coudane, R. Anatomie clinique et operatoire. Paris, G. Doin et Cie, 1950. pp.1425-33. [ Links ]
Mann, C. V.; Greenwood, R. K. & Ellis, F.H. Jr. The esophagogastric junction. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 118:853-62, 1964. [ Links ]
Marchand, P. The anatomy of esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm and the pathogenesis of hiatus herniation. J. Thorac. Surg., 37(1):81-92, 1959. [ Links ]
Moore, K. L. O Abdome. In: Moore, K. L. Anatomía orientada para a clínica. 3a ed. Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara Koogan, 1994. pp.199-203. [ Links ]
Mourot, J. & Bastian, D. Anatomie chirurgicale de l'oesophage. In: Techniques chirurgicales. Appareil digestif: oesophage. Paris, Techiniques, 1998. 40-170. [ Links ]
Pataro, V. A.; Piombo, H. S.; Suárez, D. Z. & Acrich, M. W. Anatomic aspects of the esophageal hiatus; distribution of the crura in its formation. J. Int. Coll. Surg., 35(2):154-67, 1961. [ Links ]
Shehata, R. The crura of the diaphragm and their nerve supply. Acta Anat. (Basel) 63(1):49-54, 1966. [ Links ]
Silva, A. L. Hérnias diafragmáticas. In: Silva, A. L. Hérnias. São Paulo, Roca, 1992. pp.337-8. [ Links ]
Skandalakis, J. E.; Gray, S. W. & Rowe, J. S. Anatomía quirúrgica del diafragma. In: Nyhus, L. M. & Baker, R. J. El dominio de la cirugía. Buenos Aires, Panamericana, 1986. pp.397-8. [ Links ]
Spalteholz, W. Músculo diafragma. In: Spalteholz, W. Atlas de anatomía humana. 10a ed. São Paulo, Roca, 1988. p.119. [ Links ]
Tenière, P.; Scotté, M.; Le Blanc, I. & Muller, J. M. Traitment chirurgical du reflux gastro-oesophagien de ladulte In: Techniques chirurgicales. Appareil digestif: oesophage. Paris, Techniques, 1994. pp.40-188. [ Links ]
Testut, L. & Latarjet, A. Músculos del abdomen. In: Testut, L. & Latarjet, A. Anatomía humana. Barcelona, Salvat Editores, 1979. pp.983-92. [ Links ]
Jose Jeová de Oliveira Filho
Rua Alda Piassá, 10
Conjunto Leite Neto
Bairro Grajeru
Tel: 55 - 79 9971-5793
Email: email@example.com
Received: 29-10-2011
Accepted: 03-04-2012


text: Well, Im back! got a laptop and can play somewhat laggy minecraft!!!!! =) I was monotoring the server for a couple of days and didn't see anyone on. And like boya said, its lost its spark. As I missed the get together and im guessing most people did I'm suggesting a community event. everyone with youtube channels can put out the server IP in a video, while the Happy Diggers Community hosts a party in the server lobby. This whole shabang will go down on lets say, August 25th, that should give people time to see this thread and respond. Please respond below what you think. On the 25th, we could keep the party going all day, so nobody has to worry about road blocks or things they have to do on that day. Im thinking we have a paintball/spleef tournament and pumpkin pie for everyone! I hope this works cause I dont want to have to retire the flag.


text:
Radio Disney Sounds Of Summer Sweepstakes: Arthur Ashe Kids' Day
Calling all Radio Disney fans! It's now Arthur Ashe Kids' Day's turn to be part of the Radio Disney Sounds Of Summer Sweepstakes series. Beginning on July 16th, use the RadioDisney.com code word of the day "SUMMER" to enter the Sweepstakes and you could win a trip to Arthur Ashe Kids' Day in New York.
The Grand Prize winner and their family will have the chance to enjoy a 3-day, 2-night trip to New York City, NY where they will also attend Arthur Ashe Kids' Day. The event is presented by Hess and is taking place on August 27, 2016 at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows, N.Y. The trip is complete with round trip coach airfare, hotel accommodations in NYC, tickets to the event along with the opportunity to meet and greet with the main stage artists. This is a once-in-a-lifetime chance to meet some of the most popular artists of the summer like Flo Rida, Zara Larsson and Laura Marano.
Grab the Radio Disney Sweepstakes Code and enter online, via SMS or On-Air and you could be the winner!
There Are 3 Methods Of Entry
Radio Disney is offering you 3 methods of entry. Choose the one that you prefer and use it to participate. And remember that you can only enter via one method of Entry each Day.
Enter Online
If you choose to enter online, visit RadioDisney.com and enter the codeword "SUMMER" that is announced on Radio Disney at various time each day. Next, log into your Disney.com account or become a member for free. Then, follow the instructions to complete your entry.
Alternatively, you can also participate using the Radio Disney App, available on the App Store for Apple devices and on the Google Play Store for Android devices.
Enter Via Text Message
U.S. entrants are also offered the opportunity to enter via text message. All you have to do is send an SMS containing the codeword "SUMMER" to 347639 (DISNEY).
On-Air Entry
If you prefer, you can try your luck via an on-air entry. Call in on the 1-877-870-5678 toll free line and if you receive an invitation to participate in a the Contest on the phone, you could receive up to 100 On-Air Super Entries in the Sweepstakes.
More About The Radio Disney Sounds Of Summer Sweepstakes: Arthur Ashe Kids' Day
- This Radio Disney Sweepstakes is open legal resident of the 50 United States and the District of Columbia who are 16 years of age or younger.
- Any person who has been awarded a prize in any sweepstakes conducted by Radio Disney within the past 6 months are all ineligible to enter or win.
- Entries are accepted during the Sweepstakes Period beginning at 3:00 a.m. PT on July 16, 2016 and ending at 3:00 p.m. PT on August 4, 2016.
- Regardless of method of entry, each entrant can earn only one entry per day throughout the Sweepstakes Period.
- The Sweepstakes Winner will be selected in a random drawing from all eligible entries received on or about August 5, 2016.
- The Sweepstakes Winner will be notified by phone or email on or about August 5, 2016.
- The approximate retail value of the grand prize is $4500.
- The odds of winning depend on the total number of eligible entries received.
- A complete list of winners can be requested after August 15, 2016 by sending a self addressed, stamped #10 envelope to: SOUNDS OF SUMMER Arthur Ashe Kid's Day, c/o Radio Disney
Marketing, 500 S. Buena Vista. St. Burbank, CA 91521.
- Radio Disney is sponsoring this Sweepstakes.
For complete details, including Official Rules, visit www.radiodisney.com.
Tags: Radio Disney Sounds Of Summer Sweepstakes, radiodisney.com
- The Doctors Word Of The Day Giveaway 2020
- Costco Connection Book Giveaway (August 2020)
- Diesel Brothers Savage Giveaway 2020
- Better Homes And Gardens $25,000 Sweepstakes 2020
- Walmart Collect To Win Game 2020
- PGA Tour Must See Moments Sweepstakes 2020
- Wheel Of Fortune $1K A Day Summer Giveaway 2020
- Food Network All-Star Best Thing I Ever Ate Giveaway 2020
- HGTV Build Me Up Sweepstakes 2020
- Discovery Shark Week Sweepstakes 2020


text:
Welcome to my first review! At least in blog form. I've decided to use this blog to do comic reviews, and up first is Thor #2 (2014) If you would like to know my basic thoughts on Thor #1, watch my October Comic Wrap Up on Youtube. Let us begin. So in Thor #1 we find out that our original Thor is no longer worthy to hold Mjolnir, and at the end of the issue a mystery woman takes his place. Thor #2 is the first issue in which we really get to our new Thor in action, since she only appears right at the end of the first issue. Basically the problem in this issue is Frost Giants.
Damn those Frost Giants always messing around. This time they are attacking Roxxon Island, home of Roxxon Energy Corporation. For some reason, Roxxon Energy Corporation has the skull of the Frost Giants former leader. Going by the asterix note, this is something that happened in the previous Thor series, Thor: God of Thunder, which I haven't read yet. The Avengers attempt to take down the Frost Giants, but get frozen. (Dejà Vu Cap?) Thor sees all these frozen Avengers, and panics a bit, because how is she supposed to handle the Frost Giants if a whole team of superheroes couldn't. She just got all these powers like a minute ago!
On the topic of powers, I kind of get the impression that Mjolnir, for lack of a better word, posses (?) her. That sounds wierd, but hear me out. She seems to have separate personalities, at least that is the impression I get. See, both thought bubbles and speech bubbles are used for Thor, which isn't unusual, except her thoughts and her words seem like they are coming from two different people, specially since her thoughts seem to be in a Midgardian dialect, but she speaks like an Asgardian. If I am right, this is a really intriguing concept that I hope gets explored more throughout the series.
Who exactly this new Thor is, we still don't know. Please, feel free to leave your theories in the comments.
This panel gives me the impression that she is someone associated with Dario Agger, but I literally no nothing about the guy, so that doesn't help me theory wise.
The art is this series is really beautiful. I love Russell Dauterman's drawing, but it is the colouring by Matthew Wilson that I particularly really really like.
Overall, this series is intriguing, and next month's issue look very interesting since at the end, she is left Mjolnirless, and will now have to fight the Frost Giant's without it. This issue also explored this new Thor dealing with all these new abilites she has, which I alway find enjoyable. She's very confused on how everything works, but manages to pick up on things very quickly. You go girl! I enjoyed this comic, and don't have any issues with it, other than still not knowing who this new Thor is! Tell me!!! That doesn't take away from the enjoyment though. So do I recommend this? Yes, but I would read #1 first, for context.
Till next time
Leave a Reply.
I've got a whole lot of pointless trivia up in my brain, including the Flash's middle name. You are very likely to find some area of me covered in art supplies such as paint, marker or pencil. Known for getting Milo on my nose and being way into Robin
July 2018


text:
Nirmal 'Nims' Purja reaches Manaslu base camp, to attempt two peaks by Sept end
Sep 11, 2019
Kathmandu (Nepal) September 11: After scaling 11 mountains above 8,000 m in just over four months, former UK's Special Forces member Nirmal 'Nims' Purja reached the base camp of the world's eighth highest mountain in western Nepal to begin the last phase of his ambition to speed climb the world's 14 highest mountains in just seven months.
"The team of Project Possible led by Purja is now at the base camp of Mt Manaslu (8,163 m)," base camp officials told THT.
Before heading for Samagaun, Purja (35), who has already set multiple records in mountain climbing, said that he would attempt to climb Mt Manaslu and Mt Cho Oyu in Tibet by the end of September.
Purja has to climb Mt Manaslu, Mt Cho Oyu and Mt Shishapangma by this November to complete his third phase of the Project Possible. As China has reportedly closed Mt Shishapangma this year, Purja wanted the government to lobby with the northern neighbour to secure him a climbing permit at the earliest. "High-level bilateral talks are underway to open Shishapangma for climbing this year," a senior official at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs told THT.
Purja, who has spent 16 years in the British Army, said that he wanted to establish a paradigm shift in the perception of human potential by climbing all 14 mountains in seven months. "During the journey of project, I have also been involved in four unplanned rescues in the high Himalayas," he informed.
The former British soldier was the first Gurkha to join the elite Special Boat Service and has already three World Records for speed climbing to his name.
Purja, a permanent resident of Myagdi, is the first Gurkha to climb Mt Everest while serving the British Military and a current holder of multiple World Records for the fastest ascent of double and triple header mountains in the higher than 8000 m category.
Purja also quit a prestigious job in the British Army to break more boundaries and help others move forward in their lives, realise their dreams and exceed the limitations. Purja had already re-mortgaged his Hampshire home to collect the fund for the 'Project Possible'.
"I want to promote the homeland of the Gurkhas among the 8,000 m mountains and also promote tourism with the Visit Nepal 2020 campaign," Purja said, adding that he wanted to give back and showcase the abilities of Nepali climbers - not just as supporters of Western mountaineers, but as brilliant mountaineers in their own right.
Purja's Speed Records
Scaled most 8000ers in one season (Spring): 6 (Annapurna, Dhaulagiri, Kanchenjunga, Everest, Lhotse and Makalu in 31 days)
Summited most 8000ers in one season (Summer): 5 (Nanga Parbat, G1, G2, K2 and Broad Peak in 23 days)
Fastest time to summit top 3 highest mountains in the world
Fastest time to summit top 5 highest mountains in the world
Fastest time to climb Everest, Lhotse and Makalu: 48 hours
Purja's Summit Success
Broad Peak - July 26
Mt K2 - July 24
Gasherbrum II - July 18
Gasherbrum I - July 15
Nanga Parbat - July 03
Mt Makalu - May 24
Mt Everest - May 22
Mt Lhotse - May 22
Mt Kanchenjunga - May 15
Mt Dhaulagiri - May 12
Mt Annapurna - April 23
Source: The Himalayan Times


text:
Canon Announces New A Cameras: Powershot A570 IS, Powershot A560
The two new digital cameras in Canon's "A" line are the Powershot A570 IS and Powershot A560 with both cameras bringing the DIGIC III processor to the A series. The 7.1 megapixel, 4x optical zoom A570 IS seems to be a way to get Canon's image stabilization available at a lower price point. The 7.1 megapixel, 4x optical zoom Powershot A560 camera helps fill out the line.
Both cameras will be available in March 2007. The Powershot A570 IS will retail for $279 and the Powershot A560 will retail for $229.
The DIGIC III processor allows faster start-up times, faster autofocus and less shutter lag, as well as better battery performance. The extra processing power also allows for Canon's face detection technology, which can detect and track multiple faces in an image to get the right focus and exposure on your subjects. The DIGIC III also provides better noise reduction, allow the A570 IS and A560 to shoot up to ISO 1600.
(view large image)
The 7.1 megapixel A570 IS features Canon's lens shift image stabilization system and features a fast lens. The lens has a maximum aperture of f2.6 at wide angle and f5.5 at telephoto settings.
A 2.5 inch, 115K pixel LCD provides easy viewing of your shot before and after you capture it. If you'd rather use an optical viewfinder to frame your subject, then the A570 IS has one.
This camera also gets a full set of exposure modes: auto, program auto, aperture priority, shutter priority, and manual in addition to several pre-programmed scene modes.
Movie capture file size limits have been increase to 4GB or 60 minutes. Also, the A570 IS can take "fast frame rate" movies of 60fps in addition to the more typical 640×480 at 30fps movies.
The A570 IS accepts SD, SDHC, and MMC media and is powered by 2 AA batteries.
Canon Powershot A560
(view large image)
(view large image)
The A560 pretty much has identical features to the A570 IS with the exception of optical image stabilization and it doesn't have the manual exposure modes (shutter priority, aperture priority, and manual).


text:
All over the electronic media there is a clamor about the 'unethical' way BCCI and it's members have conducted themselves and cheated a billion Indian cricket lovers. How naive one can get ?
If you open your house for thieves to rob you and then make a hue and cry, who is to blame? Thieves are there to rob others and so are BCCI and state cricket associations. It is the gullible common man who calls himself a cricket lover, buys costly ticket to watch a match and worships players like God, has turned out to be the ultimate fool. BCCI and all other cricket associations know it very well that in a few day every thing will be forgotten and the fools will continue to be fooled.
Only answer to straighten cricket associations is to boycott all cricket games and players in totality. Hey, am I daydreaming ? Can such a thing ever happen in India, where people glorify even criminals who are accused of crushing people under their expensive cars, killing wildlife for pleasure and colluding with terrorists.
You decide…..


text:
All eyes may be on the bride, but that doesn't mean you can slip off and fade into the background…
Mother of the bride plays a pivotal role and holds prime position in many of those wedding photos, so looking your best is top priority. Thankfully all you need to do is get to grips with the beauty basics and everyone will know exactly where the bride got her good looks.
The foundation of any beauty look is healthy radiant skin. Before the big day, exfoliate once a week and cleanse daily. For that youthful dewy glow, make sure your skin is well hydrated by drinking plenty of water and moisturising regularly.
After cleansing, toning and moisturising begin your makeup application with a good primer that will keep everything in place throughout the day as well as smoothing and evening out your skin. Foundation should be light; either a tinted moisturiser or a liquid formula. Caking on the slap will only highlight any lines. Apply loose powder to set and prevent shine, but use sparingly.
If you have never used highlighter before, it is an essential beauty tool when it comes to lifting and emphasizing your facial features. Highlighters come in many forms – cream, powder and liquid. Applying to areas like your cheekbones, nose and jaw line can really enhance your natural beauty and make your Mother of the Bride look shine!
A thinning brow is a tell tale sign of aging so use a powder or wax to fill them in and define them subtly. Avoid pencils, as they tend to look harsh and unnatural. Sweep some highlighter underneath for an instant brow lift.
Use a concealer on your eyelid and just below your eyes as a base. Use matte eyeshadows in neutral colours as any shimmer will just draw attention to creases. Dab a very light colour in the inner corners of your eyes to open them up. Using eyelash curlers before mascara will also have a widening effect.
There are numerous ways to create the illusion of fuller lips. One is by using soft colours, rather than harsh tones. Put down the lip liner, as this will only thin your pout. Apply a lick of gloss in the centre of your bottom lip for a photo ready finish.
Eye, lip and cheek tones should all be in the same colour family. The chosen hue will differ for each MOB to suit your complexion but generally pink and rose tones will flatter mature skin. Cream blushers blended into the apples of your cheeks will bring moisture and definition to your face.
featured image- pexels


text:
Please send USD check, money order, or purchase order payable to National Machinery LLC to the address below:
CONFIRMATION: Fees must be received in full in addition to your Registration form to be confirmed. Each seminar has limited seating and will be filled on a first come first served basis with priority given to users of National equipment.
CANCELLATIONS: Full refunds will be issued for cancellations made up to two weeks before seminar begins. Cancellations received less than two weeks before the seminar are subject to a $150 administrative fee. Confirmed participants who do not cancel and do not attend are liable for the entire seminar fee. Confirmation of your attendance will be made to the address or fax number listed on your registration form. A substitution can be made at any time and should be submitted in writing.
IN THE SEMINAR FEE: The fee includes all seminar materials, two lunches at National, and dinner the evening of the first day of the seminar. Travel and living expenses are not included.
MEETING LOCATION: All sessions are held in our plant at 161 Greenfield Street, Tiffin, Ohio. They will begin promptly at 8:00 AM on the dates indicated and end at approximately 4:00 PM the last day.
HOTEL GUEST ROOMS: Hotel accommodations can be made by calling one of the following accommodations:
When making your reservations, please be sure to mention that you are a National Machinery seminar attendee. A special rate is available for attendees.
QUESTIONS: Please call Erica Welly firstname.lastname@example.com, phone 419-443-2272 or fax 419-443-2379.


text:
HA NOI (VNS) — Viet Nam Youth Theatre will stage a Gogol's play entitled The Government Inspector at Ha Noi Opera House next week.
It is director Chi Trung's first classic play. Trung was voted the best stage director at a festival held in Ha Noi.
"The Government Inspector was written nearly 200 years ago, but its story is still meaningful to us," Trung said.
"The play focuses on corruption, which is of concern to the public. That is why I selected The Government Inspector for the stage."
Trung spent time poring over dozens of scripts from the book entitled One Hundred Stage Masterpieces, launched by Theatre Publishing House.
He had to brainstorm for two months, cutting down a 115-page Vietnamese script to a 61-page play that was ready to be staged over a two-hour period.
The Government Inspector was written by Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, who is considered to be the father of modern Russian realism. It is among his best known works.
The entire play is based on mistaken identity and on the panic that arises – for good reason – among officials. The actual theme is supposed to have been suggested by Russian writer Alexander Pushkin and, in its time, it was considered a daring piece of work.
The play is set in the early 1800s in a small Russian town where corruption was rampant among officials.
The mayor of the town receives a message that there is to be a visit by a government inspector who will be travelling incognito.
The officials are anxious to get the town straightened out and act in a very sycophantic manner to impress a man they believe to be the inspector. The work portrays the deep corruption of the powers in Russia, the failings of human greed and the stupidity of the gullible.
The crew include veteran composer Dang Huu Phuc, choreographer Lam Yen and stage designer Doan Bang.
Three-dimensional images of ancient villas and architecture of the 19th century will be projected as the stage backdrop.
Two shows will be held on January 11 and 12 at Ha Noi Opera House. — VNS