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Health & Fitness The Newsletter About Your Health And Caring For Your Body
" Why Are You Waiting Until Your Back Pain Worsens Before Seeking Treatment? " Don't Let Spinal Stenosis SlowYou Down
According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, spinal stenosis is a silent epidemic. It is estimated that 2.4 million Americans will suffer from spinal stenosis by 2021. Spinal stenosis occurs mostly in people 50 and over, but can occur in younger adults with a history of arthritis. What is spinal stenosis? Spinal Stenosis refers to the narrowing of the canals in your spine that are formed by the vertebrae. This narrowing can impinge on the nerves exiting your spine or the spinal cord itself. Symptoms can vary, but often include radiating pain to the back,
buttocks and even legs. Furthermore, weakness and poor balance in the legs can often occur, making it difficult to tolerate walking long distances and prolonged standing.
Inside: • Don't Let Spinal Stenosis Slow You Down
(continued inside)
• Outstanding Patient Results
• It's Time To Relieve Your Stenosis Pain
• Staff Spotlightwww.kinectpt.net
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How To Pack For Long Trips
I get a lot of questions about how to pack when going on an extended trip. The trouble with traveling for 6 weeks at a time is that you can't take 6 suitcases with you. Especially if you will be travelling to multiple destinations. It's not so much of a problem if you will be travelling to 1 or 2 destinations and staying at each one for an extended amount of time. However, if like husband and I you travelled for 6 weeks as follows: California -> Nashville -> Nice -> Barcelona -> London -> Paris -> The Cinque Terre -> Lucca -> Sorrento -> Positano -> Rome -> California, you bet your buttuci you will want to have packed as light as possible.
My general rule for packing for extended trips is to bring a few options in each category that pretty much all go together.
(Black Maxi – Anthropologie, Leopard Shift – J. Crew, Trench – Cartonnier via Anthropologie, Leather Jacket – Anthropologie, White Tee – J. Crew, Blouse – Konrad & Joseph via Anthropologie, Chambray Shirt – Madewell, Striped Long-sleeve – Anthropologie, White Blouse – Equipment, Boots – Frye, Sandals – Sam Edelman, Leopard Flats – J. Crew, Bag – J. Crew Brompton Hobo, Cuffs – Anthropologie, Watch – Marc by Marc Jacobs, Black Skinnies – AG, Jean Shorts – Madewell, Jeans – Pilcro)
Depending on the season I might swap out a couple things, for instance – If I'm going in spring or summer, I swap the black jeans for white ones, and pack some more cotton and warm weather items.
Once I have a good base of "Everything goes with everything" pieces, I add in a couple of fun and colorful items so things don't feel too boring or monotonous. ie:
The last thing I do is pack doubles of a couple of items (like the white v-neck, or a couple white tank tops) that I know I will use a lot, so that I don't have to do laundry quite as often.
And don't forget to use an online travel checklist specific to the place you're going. A good one for travel in Europe can be found here. You don't have to stick to it like it's your last lifeline, but checking against a list like this can be helpful to make sure you're not missing anything important.
Any questions? What am I missing? Help me out here, folks!
A Broad Abroad: A Night Out In Rome
On our last night in Europe, husband and I took a long stroll through Rome, with dinner in the Jewish Ghetto (once you eat there, it's hard to want to eat anywhere else). It feels pretty amazing strolling down the street and coming upon ruins that have been around since before Jesus walked the earth. We don't exactly have that sort of history lying around every corner in California.
(Dress – J. Crew – Jacket – Anthropologie Biker Melange Jacket (old), Sandals – Sam Edelman (old), Bag – J. Crew Brompton Hobo)
And that, my friends, brings us to the end of #HashtagEuro2012…. I hope you've enjoyed travelling through Europe with husband and I. I've certainly enjoyed reliving each stop through photos and memories.
So, husband. Where to next?
A Broad Abroad: Rome – The Colosseum!
(Skirt – Via Anthropologie, Tee – J. Crew available here, Bag – J. Crew available here, Sandals – Sam Edelman)
We spent our first morning in Rome exploring some ruins and visiting the coliseum. It's pretty amazing to think that not that long ago people were watching fights to the death as entertainment. Hunger Games anyone? What I wouldn't give to read that book again for the first time. It would be like seeing Lost again for the first time. Or Friday Night Lights.
A Broad Abroad: Rome – Trastevere
Our last stop on #HashtagEuro2012 was Rome. Lucky for us we met a lovely girl in Positano who had studied abroad in Rome for a few years, and was kind enough to shoot us an email with tips about her favorite spots in Rome. Let me tell you, suckers, having someone who actually lived in the place you're going telling you where to eat and spend time makes all the difference in the world. I'm talking "We didn't like it at all" to "It was one of our favorite stops" difference. We only had two full days in Rome, so we made our time count while we were there. Night one, after we arrived and checked in, we headed out on a 45 minute-ish walk through the city to Trastevere for a late dinner. Inhabited since 700BC-ish, the area has maintained it's charm and character amazingly well. Cobblestone streets and tiny restaurants tucked into nooks and crannies. You have no idea how fun this is to write, it's like reliving it. But for free this time.
(Leather Dress – Maje available here, Blouse – Equipment, Boots – Frye available here, Bag – J. Crew available here)
A Broad Abroad: More Positano!
Our everyday picnic lunch
The view from our terrace
Husband – looking good – waccah waccah!
The view from the top of town
I wish I could've taken these home with me, but alas – at 800 Euros, it was a no-go
And you, lovely lady, would have been so happy hanging on my wall
Long walk on a rainy day
Don't forget to follow misspomp and misscircumstance on Instagram!
A Broad Abroad: Positano!
…by way of Sorrento.
After Lucca, husband and I hopped a train to Sorrento, where we arrived late with nowhere to stay and ended up in this hostel:
Sorrento was beautiful (check it out in the pic above), but after all the big cities we had been in, we were ready for a glass of wine on a small terrace overlooking a teeny town, so we hopped a ferry to Positano, Italy. Positano is a small village on the Amalfi coast – with a population just under 4,000, and a single road that weaves through the entire village in one large and weaving loop, it is the stuff dreams are made of. I know I sound cheesy, but I can't help it, it's just the perfect place. Our bed was rock hard, we had no lights and no hot water in our B&B for almost three full days, and it rained almost the whole time we were there (including one 2 am storm that kept us out of bed watching the torrential downpour and lightning from our terrace for about an hour), and still I just felt like I never wanted to leave. I mean, Justin and Jessica stayed here once upon a time, so you know it's gotta be good.
Our first full day in Positano we decided to pretend it wasn't rainy and cold, and threw on our beach duds, and walked on down (you can walk anywhere in this town in 10 minutes). This day we left the camera in our room, so sorry for the grainy iPhone shots, but fear not! I have some awesome shots of Positano to share with you at a later date!
(On Me: Blouse – Konrad & Joseph via Anthropologie(last seen here), Shorts – J. Crew, Bag – J. Crew Brompton Hobo)
If we're ever rich, I want a villa here. And one in London. And Africa. And Costa Rica. Well, looks like I've spent all of our imaginary money already. Whoops.
A Broad Abroad: Travel Life Through iPhone
It's funny. You lug around a huge camera for an entire trip (along with hood and flash) and then you get home and realize your favorite pictures you took were with your phone.
So, here's some of my very favorite travel moments from the first half of Tour-de-Euro through the scope of my phone (and husbands, of course)…
Wanna catch em as they drop? Check out my Instagram – I'm misspomp
A Broad Abroad: Monterosso al Mare to Lucca
We spent our last morning in Monterosso al Mare getting some last minute pastries and cappuccinos and sending postcards home to our fams.
And then we hopped a train for this place:
We had heard about Lucca the night before from a couple of friendly waiters that said they visit the city about once a year. Lucca was founded by the Etruscans, and then in 180 BC it became a Roman colony. Sheesh man, THAT IS BEFORE JESUS! That is REALLY stinkin' old.
There is a giant wall built around the city that was originally made for military use as defense against intruders, but now serves as a promenade that surrounds the whole city. Husband really wanted to do this:
MISTAKE. This thing HURT, and I mean it HURT BAD. We only rented it for an hour, and I had to take a break before the end because the seat was so stinkin' uncomfortable.
(On Husband: J. Crew, On me: Dress – Anthropologie, Chambray – H&M, Bag – J. Crew, Sandals – Sam Edelman)
Here's the deal: I wasn't a big fan of Lucca. Now, this is just one ladies opinion, so feel free to totally disagree, but here was my overall impression:
The architecture is beautiful, and you can feel the history just walking through the town, which is great. I think that 50 years ago, or even 20 years ago, it would probably have been an awesome place to visit, but there were a LOT of tourists (I realize we were 2 of them, but still), and when you see a beautiful old building from medieval times and it has a Game Stop in it, it just feels wrong.
So, we stayed for only 1 day, BUT, we had a great meal and met some really nice people that we really enjoyed talking to, so I guess it was a success!
A Broad Abroad: Italy – The Cinque Terre Part Due!
After recovering from our late night out and day of hiking, we spent our second full day in the Cinque Terre checking out the 4th and 5th towns – Manarola and Riomaggiore. It was a sunny, beautiful day (although a bit windy and chilly at times), and there was nothing better we could have done than ambling along the coast (and eating lots of yummy things along the way).
(Pants and tank – J. Crew, Leather jacket (a couple shots below) – Anthropologie)
I never met a statue I didn't want to mimic
The hike from Manarola to Riomaggiore is known as the Via Dell'Amore – "Love Walk" – couples fasten padlocks to this chain-link fence and throw away the key to symbolically lock up their love.
We stopped here on the Via Dell'Amore to picnic…. A baguette, prosciutto, brie, pesto, and a nice bottle of red wine… life doesn't get much better than that.
Husband – "Let's go down by the water"
Me – "Okay"
I titled this one "Consequences"
And another highlight of the day – we had the best gelato of the entire trip in Riomaggiore. I mean, of the ENTIRE TRIP. We stopped at Gelateria Centrale, and had Fragola (strawberry) and Fior di Latte (literally translating to milk flower) gelato that would have literally blown my socks off – had I been wearing socks.
If you have a good gelato place, I'd love to hear about it, I'm willing to travel pretty far for a delicious gelato.
And don't forget to check out my Instagram! I'm Misspomp. Come on why don't cha!
A Broad Abroad: Italy – The Cinque Terre!
Our first stop in Italy was the Cinque Terre, a beautiful collection of five towns (hence the name) along the coast in northern Italy. We arrived at our home base in the Cinque Terre, Monterosso al Mare, late in the evening after our EXTREMELY long day of travel, and spent a late night out with some new friends (we're talking like 3:00 am people, the latest we stay out at home is like, 10:30, so this was a BIG DEAL).
The next morning, we did what any red-blooded twenty-somethings who spent a night out way too late would do: We went for a hike.
While we were completely exhausted, the view was beautiful, and we probably couldn't have enjoyed ourselves more. We hiked from Monterosso al Mare to Vernazza, enjoyed some gnocchi and wine, and of course some gelato, and basked in a beautiful sunny day in a beautiful coastal Italian town. Could life really be better than that?
The view from our hotel window in Monterosso
A view of Monterosso through the vineyards along the hiking trail
Our first glimpse of Vernazza tucked along the coastline
Happy chappy's
Tomorrow we're off to Manarola and Riomaggiore! Have any of you been to the Cinque Terre?

subset: commoncrawl


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Safety & Training
In all of its operations, SERVICE ELECTRIC Company will be guided by an established accident prevention policy. This policy is based on a sincere desire to eliminate personal injuries, occupational illness and damage to equipment and property, as well as to protect the general public who is in contact with or affected by the company's activities.
All members of management and supervision are charged with the responsibility of preventing incidents or conditions that could lead to occupational injuries or illness. While the ultimate success of a safety and health program depends upon the full cooperation of each individual employee, it is management's responsibility to provide a safe environment in which to work. It is also management's responsibility to see that safety and health rules and procedures are adequate and enforced, and to see that effective training and education programs are employed to the best advantage.
Safety should never be sacrificed for production. It must be considered an integral part of quality control, cost reduction and job efficiency. Every supervisor will be held accountable for the safety performance demonstrated by employees under their supervision.
SERVICE ELECTRIC Company has achieved an outstanding record in the safety field and is proud of its achievements in accident prevention. A good safety record, therefore, reflects the quality of management, supervision and the workforce. It also serves to promote business, thereby contributing to the continuing growth and success of the company.
Our policy is to accomplish work in the safest possible manner, consistent with good work practices. Management at every level is charged with the task of translating this policy into positive actions.


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Autumn Winter 2018-19
Showing 1–16 of 24 results
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Hello fellow writers!
If you go to the ideas4writers Facebook group you'll see an exciting new feature. Each day we're choosing one of the What Ifs we posted on the blog at the beginning of each month, and we're discussing it in depth, expanding and enlarging on it, and looking at the story possibilities in each one. I hope you find it useful. It's certainly stretching my imagination!
The Facebook group is open to anyone who wants to join. Just go to the group and click the Join button and I'll grant you access the next time I'm on Facebook. You don't need to be a member of the ideas4writers website or the blog. Your friends can join too – just let them know where to find us. The more people who join, the better the discussions should be, and the more ideas we'll get for bigger and better stories.
In case the link above isn't working, the ideas4writers Facebook group is at: www.facebook.com/groups/ideas4writers
If you're a member of the ideas4writers website, you might have spotted that our forum software has died. We're going to redesign the site over the next few months, so it seems silly to replace the forum software with something else, only to have to scrap it again when the new site launches. So we're using the Facebook group as our forum for now, and directing all our members there instead.
When the new website launches, the forum will be at the front of the site, not hidden away in the members' section, so everyone will be able to use it.
I hope you've made a great start to your writing in 2017. I have huge plans for the year, and I've made a big wall chart with all the projects and timelines I'll be working on. It looks … scary. But just about doable with a lot of work (and no procrastinating).
You might know that I get most of my ideas while I'm out walking, so when I saw the Walk 1,000 Miles in 2017 challenge, I immediately signed up for it. As I write this I've just completed the walk for day 9 and my total so far is 33 miles (8 miles more than the target) so it's going well – I could even afford to take a couple of days off. Snow is forecast for the end of the week, which might limit the walks for a few days. (But I'll believe it when I see it – it rarely snows here.)
I'm planning to do some longer walks over the summer. There are about 50 walking routes through the Blackdown Hills, about 20 minutes from here, that I haven't explored yet. I'm also part of a walking group, but they only walk on Wednesday evenings between May and August.
If I'm walking on my own (which is most of the time – the rest of the family are not walkers!) I take my phone and headphones with me and listen to podcasts to keep me company. They help the miles fly by, and don't inhibit the flow of ideas. I have Evernote on my phone, so it's easy to note down (or speak) each idea as it occurs, or take a quick photo, and file it in the relevant section.
The podcasts I listen to are: The Creative Penn, the Sell More Books Show, Write 2B Read, and a new one called the Book Launch Show. I also download and listen to the Radio 4 shows The News Quiz and the The Now Show when they're on – but they're not on at the moment.
I must leave you now as it's 9 pm and I have a chapter to write before bedtime. I hope to connect with you in the Facebook group. Or I'll see you here this time next week with 50 Newsworthy Anniversaries in July 2017 for you to write about.


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- © 2008 American Society of Plant Biologists
The outer tissues of dicotyledonous plant roots (i.e. epidermis, cortex, and endodermis) are clearly organized in distinct concentric layers in contrast to the diarch to polyarch vascular tissues of the central stele. Up to now, the outermost layer of the stele, the pericycle, has always been regarded, in accordance with the outer tissue layers, as one uniform concentric layer. However, considering its lateral root-forming competence, the pericycle is composed of two different cell types, with one subset of cells being associated with the xylem, showing strong competence to initiate cell division, whereas another group of cells, associated with the phloem, appears to remain quiescent. Here, we established, using detailed microscopy and specific Arabidopsis thaliana reporter lines, the existence of two distinct pericycle cell types. Analysis of two enhancer trap reporter lines further suggests that the specification between these two subsets takes place early during development, in relation with the determination of the vascular tissues. A genetic screen resulted in the isolation of mutants perturbed in pericycle differentiation. Detailed phenotypical analyses of two of these mutants, combined with observations made in known vascular mutants, revealed an intimate correlation between vascular organization, pericycle fate, and lateral root initiation potency, and illustrated the independence of pericycle differentiation and lateral root initiation from protoxylem differentiation. Taken together, our data show that the pericycle is a heterogeneous cell layer with two groups of cells set up in the root meristem by the same genetic pathway controlling the diarch organization of the vasculature.
The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root displays two different levels of tissue organization: a concentric organization formed by the ground layers (endodermis/cortex) and the epidermis, and a bilateral symmetry of the diarch vascular bundle consisting of two poles of xylem elements and two poles of phloem elements (Dolan et al., 1993). The outermost layer of the central cylinder or stele is the pericycle, which is traditionally regarded as one extra concentric layer. Indeed, all pericycle cells share common physical properties and form a unique layer of regularly shaped cells in contact with each other by their tangential cell walls (Dolan et al., 1993). During embryogenesis, the pericycle initiates from the same subset of initial cells as the rest of the stele and can be recognized as a distinct concentric layer already formed at the heart stage, even before the endodermal and cortical cell files become specified (Scheres et al., 1994). However, many studies in different species have emphasized the differences between pericycle cells according to their position adjacent to the xylem or the phloem poles in terms of cell division competence (Dubrovsky et al., 2000), cell cycle progression (Beeckman et al., 2001), cell size (Casero et al., 1989; Dubrovsky et al., 2000), cell surface arabinogalactan-protein distribution and cell wall thickening (Dolan and Roberts, 1995; Casero et al., 1998; Majewska-Sawka and Nothnagel, 2000), methyl blue staining (Toriyama, 2005), plasmodesmatal connections (Wright and Oparka, 1997; Complainville et al., 2003), physical disposition against endodermis cells (Dolan et al., 1993), microtubule content (Hardham and Gunning, 1979), and marker gene expression (Laplaze et al., 2005; Mahonen et al., 2006).
Lateral root development in dicotyledonous plants occurs postembryonically from pericycle cells and guarantees the spatial development and plasticity of root systems (Torrey, 1950; Celenza et al., 1995; Malamy, 2005). Auxin is unambiguously the main signal inducing pericycle cells to enter lateral root initiation (Casimiro et al., 2003; De Smet et al., 2007). Interestingly, only the subset of the pericycle cells associated with xylem poles is involved in lateral root initiation, thus reinforcing the idea that the pericycle is a heterogeneous cell layer. The mechanisms controlling pericycle cell determination and competence for lateral root initiation are currently unknown. Here, we demonstrate, using cytological approaches, that there are two distinct types of pericycle cells. We describe a new enhancer trap line marker that visualizes this distinction already as early as in the root meristem. Finally, we used genetic approaches to identify mutants altering quantitatively and/or qualitatively pericycle organization. Our data substantiate the existence of two types of pericycle cells set up in the root meristem. Furthermore, our data show that diarch determination of both the pericycle and the vasculature are regulated by a common genetic pathway.
Pericycle Is Made of Two Different Cell Types as Revealed by Cytological Analyses
Only few reports have examined the ultrastructural features of the Arabidopsis root pericycle (Dolan et al., 1993; Wright and Oparka, 1997) and a detailed comparison between pericycle cells at the xylem poles versus those at the phloem poles is currently lacking. Therefore, the cytological aspects of both groups of pericycle cells were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in plants grown under normal conditions, as well as under lateral root-inhibiting and lateral root-inducing conditions. Seedlings were germinated on Murashige and Skoog and 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) medium. At 72 h after germination (DAG), part of the seedlings on NPA was transferred to α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and incubated for 10 h. In this way, three different samples were obtained: untreated roots, roots prevented from lateral root initiation (NPA), and roots of which the entire pericycle is synchronously induced for lateral root initiation by NAA treatment (Himanen et al., 2002). In all samples, sections for comparative TEM analysis were made through the distal part of the differentiation zone.
In untreated roots, the protoxylem-pole pericycle cells displayed meristematic features with frequently three or more vacuoles and a dense cytoplasm containing numerous electron-dense ribosomes (Fig. 1A ). At the phloem pole, all pericycle cells presented a single and large central vacuole and a parietal cytoplasm with less ribosomes, characteristic of more differentiated status (Fig. 1B). An opposite situation was found for NPA-treated seedlings. Whereas the protoxylem-pole pericycle cells reduced their meristematic appearance by acquiring one large central vacuole and a reduction in the number of ribosomes (Fig. 1C), the protophloem-pole pericycle cells showed, under these conditions, meristematic appearance with a densely stained cytoplasm, loss of the central vacuole in most of the cells, and enrichment in endoplasmic reticulum (Fig. 1D). In some sections, we could even notice the result of a recent periclinal cell division event by the appearance of a thin cell wall subdividing former pericycle cells into two daughter cells (Fig. 1D, arrowheads). These divisions are, however, rare and never give rise to lateral root formation. After transfer to NAA, the situation was pushed over again with the two types of pericycle cells reacting in an opposite manner. At the xylem poles, pericycle cells clearly became meristematic with the development of numerous small vacuoles, nuclei with large nucleoli (Fig. 1E), whereas phloem pericycle cells reacquired parietal cytoplasm and a central vacuole (Fig. 1F). These analyses indicate that both types of pericycle cells react differentially and even in an opposite way to lateral root-inhibiting versus lateral root-inducing conditions.
Pericycle Bilateral Heterogeneity Already Occurs in Stele Initials
Having demonstrated the clear difference between protoxylem-pole and phloem-pole pericycle cells, we used GAL4 enhancer trap lines (see "Materials and Methods") as markers to study further the organization of the root pericycle. The J0121 line (Laplaze et al., 2005) marks pericycle cells associated with xylem poles (Fig. 2, A–H ), starting from the elongation zone above the root tip (Fig. 2C) and expanding in a basipetal direction throughout the root (Fig. 2B). J0121 GFP expression precedes protoxylem differentiation (data not shown) and is later closely associated with this tissue (Fig. 2E). Three contiguous pericycle cell files are expressing GFP (Fig. 2D), which are competent to divide and later form lateral root primordia (Kurup et al., 2005). J0121 GFP expression is down-regulated in nascent and developing lateral root primordia (Fig. 2F).
Another population of Arabidopsis GAL4 enhancer trap lines (Columbia [Col-0] background) was screened to identify novel pericycle markers. This led to the identification of the reporter line Rm1007, which expresses GFP specifically in the pericycle associated with xylem poles (Fig. 2, I–N) and mainly in three contiguous pericycle files (Fig. 2L). Compared to J0121, GFP expression was detected earlier in the root tip, starting from the initials immediately above the quiescent center cells (Fig. 2, K and L). Furthermore, this expression pattern could be detected in heart-stage embryos (Fig. 2M). This early expression is comparable to the expression pattern observed in young lateral root primordia before emergence (Fig. 2J, arrow). It persists in older parts of the root where GFP remains exclusively expressed in the pericycle associated with xylem poles (Fig. 2N). Unlike J0121, expression is more intense in young tissues and fades away progressively in older parts (Fig. 2I). In conclusion, expression of the GFP enhancer trap marker in both J0121 and Rm1007 lines labeled a subset of cells in the pericycle, associated with the xylem poles, with Rm1007 labeling the xylem-pole pericycle from the first initials.
Lateral root initiation, which takes place in the pericycle cells facing xylem poles, is regulated by exogenous and endogenous signals (Malamy, 2005). Different experiments were performed to test whether pericycle cell specification was modified by stress, nutrient, and hormone conditions. Neither tested nutrient concentrations (phosphate, nitrate, and Suc) nor stress (wounding, heat shock, and drought) resulted in any obvious change of the GFP expression pattern in the J0121 line (see "Materials and Methods"; data not shown). J0121 behavior was also tested against two major hormones involved in root development. Neither auxin, NPA (Fig. 2, G and H), nor cytokinin (Supplemental Fig. S1, A–D) treatments affected the GFP expression pattern of J0121. Similar results were observed with the Rm1007 line for NPA and NAA treatments (Fig. 2J; Supplemental Fig. S1, E and F). Therefore, even if these treatments induce (auxin; Celenza et al., 1995) or reduce (NPA and cytokinin; Reed et al., 1998; Lohar et al., 2004) root ability to initiate primordia, they appear to have no effect on the spatial organization of pericycle cells competent for lateral root initiation. We conclude that Rm1007 and J0121 patterns robustly delimit the subset of pericycle cells competent for lateral root initiation and are not perturbed by auxin or cytokinin treatment. This suggests that the specification of different pericycle cell types is not controlled by any of these signals.
Genetic Analysis Identifies New Mutants Altered in Pericycle Bilateral Organization
To get insight into the mechanisms that specify the different populations of pericycle cells, we performed a genetic screen on the J0121 enhancer trap line. For further analysis, J0121 was preferred instead of Rm1007 because variation in the intensity of the GFP was noticed in Rm1007 probably due to epigenetic regulations. Fifteen hundred independent F2 progeny of ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized seedlings were screened to isolate mutants exhibiting qualitative or quantitative alteration of the GFP expression pattern. This led to the identification of 12 mutants showing different phenotypes related to J0121 expression: discontinuity, ectopic expression in the pericycle, ectopic expression outside the pericycle, and down-regulation of GFP expression. Interestingly, most of these mutants showed an alteration in their lateral root initiation ability (Supplemental Fig. S2). We have focused on two mutants showing a strong and stable phenotype with altered radial pattern of GFP expression in the pericycle, lonesome highway (lhw; Fig. 3, D–F ) and impaired vasculature development (ivad; Fig. 3, G–I), as compared with the J0121 marker line control (Fig. 3, A–C).
Pericycle Determination and Lateral Root Initiation Potency Are Intimately Correlated with Vascular Organization in the lhw Mutant
Two recessive mutant alleles of the previously reported lhw mutant (Ohashi-Ito and Bergmann, 2007) were identified in our screen and were therefore named lhw6 and lhw7. Because the two alleles displayed a highly similar phenotype, we will refer to them as lhw mutations in this article. The lhw mutants present a reduction in primary root growth and in lateral root initiation density (37% and 47%, respectively; Supplemental Fig. S2). In contrast to the J0121 line, the lhw mutants showed only one strand of pericycle cells expressing GFP (Fig. 3F). Furthermore, sections made through the mature part of the root revealed that these lines develop only one-half of the vascular bundle (one xylem pole and one phloem pole) and fewer pericycle cells compared to the control (Fig. 3E; Supplemental Fig. S3). This reduction of the circumferential number of pericycle cells does not prevent lateral root formation (Supplemental Fig. S2). Loss of diarch organization starts from the meristematic region and is maintained throughout the whole root in these mutants. The number of cells belonging to the outer layers is not significantly different from those found in wild-type plants (Supplemental Fig. S3) and described previously (Dolan et al., 1993). No structural differences could be observed in the lateral root cap and the columella (data not shown) or at the level of the four quiescent center cells themselves as compared to the wild type (Fig. 3D). Confocal microscopy analysis revealed expression to be restricted to one strand of three contiguous pericycle cell files associated with the xylem pole along the whole root of the plant (Supplemental Fig. S4, A–C). As in J0121, GFP expression is detected before the protoxylem fully differentiates (data not shown). To summarize, lhw mutants only develop one-half of the vascular structures and the loss in diarch organization occurs before differentiation of the vascular elements. This in turn leads to a single strand of GFP-expressing pericycle cells in the J0121 marker line background.
To study the lateral root-forming capacity of the pericycle in lhw mutants, plants were germinated on medium supplemented with NPA and then transferred to medium supplemented with NAA to synchronously stimulate lateral root formation along the whole root of the plant, according to the lateral root-inducible system (Himanen et al., 2002; Vanneste et al., 2005). Both the J0121 marker line and the mutants were initially checked for proper expression of GFP on NPA-supplemented medium and no obvious changes could be noticed (Fig. 4, A and C ). Four DAG, plants were transferred to NAA, inducing divisions in the pericycle. Roots of wild-type plants show the common pattern described in the literature, with lateral roots emerging on both sides of the root along the two strands of GFP (i.e. pericycle cells associated with xylem poles; Fig. 4, B and D). In lhw, laterals only emerge from one side of the root following the unique strand of GFP. All the observed lateral roots emerged exclusively from the pericycle associated with xylem poles. This experiment demonstrates that pericycle cells competent for lateral root initiation remain exclusively adjacent to the xylem pole and express exclusively the J0121 GFP marker. Quantitative losses in vascular bundle and pericycle heterogeneity appear intimately correlated: There is a concomitant loss of diarch and bilateral structures in lhw mutants.
Protoxylem Differentiation Is Not Required for Pericycle Differentiation and Lateral Root Initiation
The recessive ivad mutant shows ectopic GFP expression in the root: GFP expression extends in the pericycle additionally to the normal pattern, above the differentiation zone in plants grown 4 to 5 DAG (Fig. 3I). Primary root growth is drastically reduced (Supplemental Fig. S2) and root gravitropism is altered (data not shown). Further analysis revealed that this mutant was dramatically impaired in vascular and endodermis development (Fig. 3, G and H). Fewer cells constitute the vascular bundle. Phloem and protoxylem development are altered, these tissues being partially or even fully absent (Fig. 3, G and H). In parts of the root where normal J0121 GFP expression was observed, the vascular bundle appears not to be affected by the mutation (data not shown). The endodermis also shows similar alterations (Fig. 3, G [absent] and H [partially absent]). However, regions with altered GFP patterning in the mutants were found where the endodermis was correctly formed. These aspects of the ivad phenotype highlight the intimate link between the correct diarch development of the vascular bundle and the proper bilateral symmetry of the pericycle.
Whereas the root phenotype of the lhw mutants clearly illustrated the relationship between xylem poles and lateral root initiation, we wondered whether impaired protoxylem differentiation of the ivad mutant would result in aberrant lateral root initiation. Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy analysis allows easy distinction between meta- and protoxylem elements in Arabidopsis roots, the first having reticulate and the latter helical cell wall thickening. DIC analysis of this mutant revealed that lateral root initiation could still proceed in regions where no protoxylem differentiated (Fig. 5, D–F ). To confirm this observation, J0121 marker GFP expression and lateral root initiation were investigated in one mutant and one transgenic line, respectively, ahp6 and Pro35S-VND7:SDRX, in which affected protoxylem differentiation was already described (Kubo et al., 2005; Mahonen et al., 2006). The major defect in these mutants is the discontinuous differentiation of the protoxylem along the primary root. In ahp6 and Pro35S-VND7:SDRX, J0121 GFP maker expression and lateral root initiation can happen in front of xylem poles without any need for a differentiated protoxylem (Fig. 5, G–I and J–L). Moreover, lateral roots emerge with the same frequency in regions with or without a differentiated protoxylem in aph6 (data not shown). These results show that a differentiated protoxylem element within the xylem pole (Fig. 5, A–C) is not required for proper pericycle differentiation regarding J0121 GFP expression and lateral root initiation.
Suppression of Vascular Heterogeneity in the wol Mutant Correlates with Loss of Heterogeneity in the Pericycle
To determine whether the qualitative loss in vasculature heterogeneity has consequences on the ability of pericycle cells to divide and form new lateral roots, we used the wol mutant (Scheres et al., 1995). Indeed, this mutant presents a defect in procambial cell specification, giving rise to a reduced number of cells. As a consequence, the phloem is not determined and only protoxylem tissues differentiate in the vascular bundle (Fig. 6E ; Scheres et al., 1995; Mahonen et al., 2000).
GFP expression in wol J0121 cross spreads over the whole pericycle compared to the control (Fig. 6, A and D), suggesting that all pericycle cells differentiate in only one type of tissue in the mutant background. Furthermore, wol can be described as a nonrooting mutant because it makes almost no lateral roots. The ability of wol to produce lateral roots under NAA treatment was tested (Fig. 6); no organized primordia were observed above the root tip after 48-h (Supplemental Fig. S5, A–D) or after 96-h (data not shown) treatments as compared with the wild type. Microscope observation of root sections revealed that, in this mutant, all pericycle cells are adjacent to protoxylem elements (Fig. 6E), express GFP (Fig. 6D), are able to divide in a periclinal way upon auxin treatment (Fig. 6F), but do not form primordia.
In Arabidopsis, lateral roots originate deep inside the parent root in one layer of cells that surrounds the vascular tissues: the pericycle (Dolan et al., 1993). Only pericycle cells in contact with xylem poles have the competence to initiate lateral root development (De Smet et al., 2006). This process of lateral root initiation occurs above the root tip in the differentiated zone of the root. Competence to form lateral roots is associated with different cell cycle behavior. The pericycle cells adjacent to the xylem poles were shown to continue to divide after leaving the root apical meristem, whereas the other pericycle cells stop dividing (Dubrovsky et al., 2000; Beeckman et al., 2001). Accordingly, xylem pole-associated pericycle cells are shorter than other pericycle cells in the differentiation zone (Beeckman et al., 2001) and differ by their cytological content.
Moreover, the GAL4 enhancer trap line J0121 is specifically expressed in xylem pole-associated pericycle cells, thus suggesting the existence of distinct patterns of gene expression for this subset of cells. However, all these differences between xylem-pole and phloem-pole pericycle cells appear at a distance from the root tip in a mature region of the root where the differentiation of the first vascular elements is fulfilled. This has led to the notion that the lateral root initiation competence of pericycle cells at the xylem poles might rely, to some extent, on correct differentiation of neighboring protoxylem cells. In this view, the lateral root initiation capacity of protoxylem-pole pericycle cells would be a relatively late achieved characteristic. The same train of thought can be found in the earlier reported primed pericycle model (Barlow, 1984; Skene, 2000), wherein all pericycle cells in the root apical meristem are regarded as equivalent and are supposed to differentiate when they leave the meristem in response to a radial factor emitted by differentiated vascular tissues (Fig. 7A ). A similar mechanism was demonstrated to control the position of legume nitrogen-fixing nodules in front of xylem poles with ethylene produced in the phloem acting as an inhibitory diffusible factor (Heidstra et al., 1997).
However, in contrast to these hypotheses, our results indicate that the positioning of lateral root primordia is most likely controlled by a different mechanism. We used Rm1007 and J0121 enhancer trap lines and lateral root organogenesis as markers of pericycle cell identity. We show that xylem pole- and phloem pole-associated pericycle cells represent two distinct cell populations with different cellular characteristics. In particular, we observed differential responses of these cells to auxin. Indeed, exogenous treatment with NPA and NAA induces opposite responses between the cells of the pericycle (by blocking division at the xylem poles, whereas the cells in front of phloem poles dedifferentiate and even appear able to divide). This suggests that these two kinds of pericycle cells might have differences in the auxin transport system and/or auxin sensitivity. However, no data have been available to support this hypothesis.
We demonstrate using enhancer trap lines that these two types of pericycle cells might become specified as early as, or coinciding with, the formation of the pericycle initials. Moreover, our genetic analysis indicates that pericycle and vasculature determination in the root meristem are controlled by common mechanisms. This is notably illustrated by a concomitant reduction of the cell number of the vasculature and the pericycle in lhw and wol mutants, whereas the external layers present the same number as the wild type (Supplemental Fig. S3; Dolan et al., 1993). The idea that xylem-pole and phloem-pole pericycle cells are associated with their respective neighboring vascular tissue type is supported by molecular and cellular markers shared between vascular tissues and their associated pericycle cells. For instance, AHP6 (Mahonen et al., 2006) is expressed in protoxylem cells and the adjacent pericycle cells from the initials on. Similarly, at the cellular level, AGP distribution is mainly detected along the xylem axis (Majewska-Sawka and Nothnagel, 2000) and symplastic plasmodesmata connections occur mainly between the phloem cells, adjacent sieve elements, and associated pericycle cells (Wright and Oparka, 1997).
Taken together, our data suggest a new model of pericycle organization (Fig. 7B) where the bilateral organization of the stele, including the pericycle, is set up in the initials and maintained throughout the root, as illustrated by the continuous cell files expressing first Rm1007 and later J0121 markers. Stele determination is notably dependent on the activity of the WOL and LHW genes. Both wol and lhw mutations induce a concomitant loss of one vascular pole and the associated pericycle. These observations further suggest that the vascular tissue and its associated pericycle would belong to the same morphogenetic field. Later on, the vascular tissues and the pericycle differentiate as illustrated by vessel formation and lateral root initiation competence, respectively. The lateral root initiation defect in wol mutant plants can be either a direct consequence of defects in cytokinin signaling or a result from the loss of the heterogeneity of the pericycle. Quiescent phloem-pole pericycle cells might be needed to border the area of divisions that is required to get proper organogenesis. We therefore argue for the existence of at least two different pericycle cell identities that are closely associated with the adjacent vascular elements. These tissues might therefore be regarded as a full member of the stele, rather than being considered as one other concentric layer of the root.
Materials Used
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heynh.) ecotype Col-0 and C24 seeds were obtained from the Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Center. We analyzed the mutants wol (Mahonen et al., 2000), ahp6 (Mahonen et al., 2006), the dominant repression line Pro35S-VND7:SDRX (Kubo et al., 2005; Col-0 background), and the marker line J0121 (Laplaze et al., 2005; C24 background). We used promoter fusion PCYCB1;1:GUS (Colon-Carmona et al., 1999). Rm1007 was identified in a new screen for GAL4-GFP enhancer trap lines in Col-0 background; 2,000 lines were screened; 380 expressed GFP in the root, 57 at least in the pericycle, and 27 specifically in this tissue layer. Of these 27 lines, two labeled a longitudinal subpopulation of cells in this layer.
Growth Conditions and Treatments
Seeds were surface sterilized and sown on one-half-strength selective Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 1% Suc and 0.8% agar (Sigma) on vertically oriented square plates (Greiner Labortechnik). For treatments with NPA (Duchefa) or NAA (Sigma-Aldrich), 10 μm was added to the Murashige and Skoog medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962). For treatments with cytokinin (6-benzylaminopurine; Sigma-Aldrich), 0.01 μm, 0.1 μm, 0.5 μm, and 1 μm were added to the Murashige and Skoog medium. For treatments with variable concentrations of nutrients, we used medium containing 0.001 mm and 2.5 mm phosphate according to Misson et al. (2004), and 0.01 mm and 1 mm nitrate according to Linkohr et al. (2002). For treatments with Suc, 0, 0.02, and 0.15 m doses were added to the Murashige and Skoog medium. Germination was obtained by incubating agar plates, after sowing, for 2 d at 4°C in the dark and then by transferring them to continuous light (110 μmol m−2 s−1 cool-white fluorescence light) at 20°C with 70% humidity. Heat shock and drought stress have been carried out, respectively, by exposing plants at 40°C for 2 h or by dehydrating them on Whatman 3MM for 2 h at 22°C and then transferring back onto medium. After transfer, observations were done according to the following time course: 0, 6, 12, and 24 h.
J0121 seeds homozygous for the enhancer trap insertion (M0) were chemically mutagenized with 0.25% ethyl methanesulfonate) for 12 h and then washed for 5 min with 0.5 m NaOH. Each of the M1 plantlets was grown independently on soil. The mutant selection was carried out on M2 plantlets grown in vitro on one-half-strength selective Murashige and Skoog medium and screened for GFP patterning with a fluorescence stereomicroscope MZFLIII (Leica). Allelism of the mutants was tested by crossing them together and by phenotyping the progeny.
Root Length Measurements
Root length was measured from digital images of the plates using National Institutes of Health ImageJ 1.34S software (http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij). Emerged lateral roots were counted using a Leica MZ16 binocular microscope. Experiments were repeated at least two times independently.
Histochemical, Histological, and Microscopic Analysis
For whole-mount microscopic analysis, samples were cleared by mounting in a 90% solution of lactic acid (Acros Organics). All samples were analyzed by DIC microscopy (DMLB; Leica Microsystems). For anatomical analysis using light microscopy, transverse sections of roots were performed as described by De Smet et al. (2004). For TEM analysis, samples were treated according to Himanen et al. (2002). For fluorescence microscopy, whole seedlings were stained with 10 μg/mL propidium iodide (Sigma-Aldrich) and mounted in water under glass coverslips for GFP and signal analyzed with a 100 m confocal microscope equipped with software package LSM 510 Version 3.2 (Zeiss). Images were collected with a 488-nm emission filter. For stereomicroscopy, whole seedlings were stained with 10 μg/mL propidium iodide (Sigma-Aldrich) for 3 min and observed with a stereo fluorescence microscope (MZFLIII; Leica).
Supplemental Data
The following materials are available in the online version of this article.
Supplemental Figure S1. Cytokinin treatments on J0121 and NPA/NAA treatments on Rm1007.
Supplemental Figure S2. Mutagenesis mutant root measurements.
Supplemental Figure S3. Cell numbers in the wild type compared with lhw and wol mutants.
Supplemental Figure S4. Confocal characterization of GFP expression in lhw mutants.
Supplemental Figure S5. wol pericycle divisions upon NAA treatment.
We thank Dr. M. Kubo for providing Pro35S-VND7:SDRX, and Dr. S. Svistoonoff (Equipe Rhizogenèse, IRD Montpellier), L. Jansen (Root Development Group, VIB Ghent), and A.P. Mähönen (Utrecht University) for critical reading of the manuscript.
The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Laurent Nussaume (lnussaume{at}cea.fr).
↵1 This work was supported by the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, the Marie Curie Foundation, the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, and Tournesol (bilateral grant no. 11532RD to L.L. and T.B.).
↵[W] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.
- Received August 23, 2007.
- Accepted November 1, 2007.
- Published November 9, 2007.


text:
The Black or The Rot is a force which is strongly associated with death. The decay and rotting of living things is where it flourishes, with its base being in the "Bone Kingdom" at in the deadlands of the United States.[1] As such, it works in opposition to life forces such as The Red and The Green.
Like the other elemental forces of its kind, the Rot is guarded by a Parliament; the Parliament of Decay. Each member of this Parliament is a former Avatar of Death.
The Black has most prominently worked through human agents who belonged to the Arcane family though has other agents:
While Abigail previously resisted the call of the Black because she was protected from it by the strength and power of the Swamp Thing and his connection to The Green, she would eventually become the Avatar of Death in her uncle Anton's place.
Related Articles
- The Black is analogous with other forces of nature, their elementals, and their dimensions:
- The Green (which is connected to all plant life and run by the Parliament of Trees).
- The Red (which is connected to all animal life and run by the Parliament of Limbs).
- The Clear (which is associated with aquatic life and run by the Parliament of Waves).
- The White (which is associated with air elementals and run by the Parliament of Vapors).
- The Grey (which is connected to all fungal life).
- An unnamed fire realm (which is associated with fire elementals and connected to the Parliament of Flames.
- The Melt (which is connected to Earth elementals and run by the Parliament of Stones).
- The Metal (which is connected to metal and technological elementals and run by The Rithm).
- The Divided (which is associated with bacteria, amoebas, and other microscopic forms of life).
- Like The Grey, which appeared prominently in Swamp Thing Vol 2, The Black is a force which consumes life. The Grey appears in the New 52 in this capacity on Earth 2.[2]
- No trivia.
Links and References
- None.


text: tomorrow the rain will come & i will tell myself "you are not sad. you are beautiful. you are happy." i will whisper this, i will scream this. i will make this known to me, to you, to anyone who needs this. the words will find you & comfort you like his arms never could & her voice never would.


text:
***Volunteering from home at a social distance***
Check out our projects: handmade masks, welcome home cards, trash bag bundling, activity kits, and diaper packing.
What would we do without our team of Coburn Place volunteers? Our community of supporters is vibrant and impactful. From developing programs for our residents, helping with facility projects, engaging with children's services, joining a committee, organizing donations, hosting supply drives, and more—Coburn Place volunteers make our world go around.
Are you ready to get connected? We can't wait to see how your skills change lives!
I feel that I get as much if not more out of volunteering than they might from any help I give them! I am very happy and proud to be part of the Coburn family.
~ Sandy, Coburn Place Volunteer


text:
SAP here…
Having a brother with down syndrome who is a full time roommate has been a bit of an adjustment for me… for us… for the whole world really, because we decided we want to jump on the lost cause train and try to change the world.
A lot of people we meet who are fans of the stuff we do don't realize that Ponce and I have only lived together for the last 3 years. Before that I would only see him a couple of times a year. We talked on the phone a lot, but the face to face bro time was very spread out and something that bugged me a lot. When I pitched the TV segments and got the greenlight I was thrilled that I would finally have my bro spending some good quality time with me, and he'd be doing what he has dreamed of doing for years, acting.
The first 2 years however were quite cramped. My one bedroom apartment in Los Feliz was great for just me. Hard to share with another person. When that person is Ponce, it does make it easier. You get some sweet morning cuddles, a guy who actually likes taking out the garbage, and a smile just about every time you look his way. He's a very pleasant fellow.
Jobs changed a lot though. I couldn't take any jobs that had me going away to work for extended periods of time, something I would do every few months, editing on a job or acting, whatever paid the bills. Working as a team it makes taking jobs like that less easy to jump on.
Also, we are brothers, we drive each other crazy sometimes. And Ponce is, and he will agree, a drama queen. A moody little beeyotch. He's also a night owl, so he tends to not want to do anything in the exert some energy column until after 3 pm. 5pm is better.
The good thing about this brotherly combo is that we do help each other. He has made me more patient.So much so that I didn't realize how impatient I was before. And I am still very impatient. Just not so much now that Ponce and I are kickin' it.
Down syndrome is something that can frustrate a person to their wits end. And I have been there. It's hard to remember that Ponce has down's a lot of the time because he is so bright and talented it doesn't seem like there is any kind of limitation there at all. But, there is… it just sneaks in when you least expect it and you don't even notice why the person who just made the funniest joke you've heard all year is also the one who has suddenly forgotten how to tie his shoes.
The move to the bigger place, our new loft in downtown L.A., has really given us new energy and a revitalized desire to do more stuff. Make more videos, make movies, build things… It's a great haven for creativity.
As frustrating as things get, as tiring as it can be just trying to make ends meet in this world, the one solid rock that is always there is Ponce. And he might be one of the causes of frustration at the time, but he is also the thing that makes me look at situations in my life differently than I did before we became roomies. And he is, in my opinion, the best human on this planet. Love my bro, no matter how many times his gas makes me leave the room while he laughs wickedly at me, I will always be there for him because he is always there for everyone who needs a smile. Except for assholes… he tends to not really dig their company. We see eye to eye on that one.
-sap out


text:
Friday, 29 June 2007
London town
Heading homeward I was talking on the phone, lost my concentration and took a wrong turning in the park, the Thames and Tower Bridge stretching before me. I asked a man which way to the underground and he shrugged. I asked another man, this time walking a dog (usually a good sign) and he told me the way. It was quite clear that he was heading in the same direction, but unlike the casual and relaxed familiarity of home, I forgot that Londoners have an innate suspicion and self-preservation thing going on (I had it too, but my Londoner status has obviously long rubbed off) and he was most uncomfortable when I fell in step alongside him. He quickened his pace, tugging at the dog's lead and marched swiftly ahead, either mildly in fear of my safety or his.
I am a bad traveller. I am probably an angry traveller. I resent the enforced claustrophobia, inactivity and almost inevitable migraine. I feel myself bristle, and that isn't good for bloodpressure or the stranger sitting opposite, with whom you have to do the tired leg tango, avoiding any touch each time you stretch and reposition yourself less uncomfortably.
And then, more tired than a tired thing, I hobble out of the car and open the farm gate. The dogs hurl themselves up the track into my arms and I drive them down to the house, sanity restored.
I take off my London clobber, and curl into fleece and leggings (yeah, right unfashionable slut) ready for a sofa snooze before bed. My mistake. A loud shout has me joining the fray to evict 102 Suffolk ewes from the wood - they should be in the adjoining fields but have opened the narrow pedestrian gate and filed through, munching on things they shouldn't be munching on. It only takes ten minutes to sort them out. The gates are secured with baler twine and I slope back to the comfort of the sofa.
Wednesday, 27 June 2007
Rachel has made me chortle most mightily, and one is obliged to share a good thing. Apparently I am damned and forbidden reading for the under eighteens. I am officially an adult blog. This is determined based on the presence of the following words:
- sex (8x)
- murder (5x)
- death (4x)
- dyke (3x)
- rape (2x)
- cocks (1x)
Tuesday, 26 June 2007
Old Testament toad
The toad was the size of my fist - I do not have large hands, but even so, that is a big Bufo bufo. It was carried carefully into some lush green undergrowth out of dog harm.
There is something hugely appealing about a toad. They live a quiet life, rarely intruding on your thoughts or vision, and then they appear apparently out of nowhere to remind you of their existence and helpful destruction of veg patch pests. Digging up spuds a few years ago, a knot of toads emerged blinking from the soil and incredible care had to be taken as more of them were revealed at each now tentative forkful of earth.
But the biggest toad I have ever seen anywhere was Italian. The Toad of Fontemelaia as it was thereafter named, was the size of a football and I nearly squashed it, driving down the unmade treacherous track after an evening at the local pizzeria. There was this big round lump in the road. Thinking it was a rock that had newly fallen on the path I screeched to a halt. As we went to move the rock, the headlights showed it to be mega toad. We gawped in awe. It hauled itself away from the light never to be seen again. I still wonder if it was a figment of too much chianti, but there were four of us and we still recall that night and the wonderful cherries and fireflies that flourished below the flea-ridden but oh so romantic farmhouse.
If my biblical toad is still around in the morning light I will try and take a photo of the man himself.
Saturday, 23 June 2007
Creature feature
Friday, 22 June 2007
The meme game
What was I doing ten years ago?
It was a Sunday, and according to my diary the day was blank - but I was no doubt recovering from the previous day's surfeit of stunning outdoor international theatre at its very best - and all a decade before The Sultan's Elephant was a twinkle in a Parisians eye.
What was I doing one year ago?
I was working in London for the day, with a view of Tate Modern, and meeting more than 40 of the most interesting artists and arts managers in the capital. I was also celebrating my first year living in Devon.
Five snacks I enjoy (only five?)
Halloumi, fried in olive oil and served with rocket and raspberry vinegar - it's posh cheese for adults, and it squeaks!
Ready brek
Raspberries with clotted cream
Sausages - homemade, with friends and an old Kenwood
Chocolate puds - any luscious kind will do.
Five songs to which I know all the lyrics
If I were a rich man
I've farted
She was poor but she was honest
Every last word of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat (feel free to wipe that memory any time you like)
I'm gonna sit right down and write myself a letter (or perhaps a blog)
Five things I would do if I were a millionaire
I'd build a big tall house with rooms by the dozen... (actually no, I'd restore the old barns on the farm)
I'd fill my yard with chicks and turkeys and geese and ducks (and lots of art)
I wouldn't have to work hard (in reality I would probably work harder, but on the land, using muscles and no less brain)
I'd buy my sister a house with garden in central London - make that if I were a multi-millionaire
I'd have a party!
Five bad habits
Picking my feet
Snapping and snarling
Forgetting important things, remembering the minutiae
Innate laziness
Writing other people's to do lists
Five things I like doing
Walking the dogs
Eating with friends
Dibbling my toes in the sea
Lambing successfully
Reading in the sun
Five things I would never wear again
Zigzag orange and purple psychedelic flares
Yellow crocheted dress
A suit
Red stilettos....then again
Polo necks
Five favourite toys
Binker the bear
Newspaper fish
My Canon iXus
Phew. The baton is now passed to: Eurodog, Flowerpot Days, Keir Royale, Around My Kitchen Table and And Who Cares? Feel free to pick it up, to ignore it or to pity my revelations.
Thursday, 21 June 2007
Midsummer madness
Wednesday, 20 June 2007
The culm
The Culm is an area of North and West Devon. It is characterised by "an undulating, open, remote rural landscape, sparsely wooded and dominated by livestock farming. Intricate steep valley systems form rolling ridges feeding into wider major river valleys. Steep rugged coastline, much of which falls within the North Devon Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty."
So that's The Culm. Which is not the same as culm grassland. Culm grassland is found in The Culm area and is Purple Moor-grass and rush pasture that is home to many interesting and rare species of plant and animal life. You find Purple Moor-grass on poorly drained, usually acid soils with high rainfall, which explains its ubiquity in Ireland, and until recent years in Devon before much of it had been drained and ploughed. Because there is considerably less of it now than there used to be, Defra and Natural England are trying to encourage its maintenance, re-creation and restoration. Why do they want to maintain this shrinking landscape? There are a huge number of plant species in addition to the Purple-Moor grass in these patches of land, including wonderfully named plants such as Bog asphodel, Bugle, Devil's-bit scabious, Hemp-agrimony, Lesser water-parsnip, Ragged-robin, Southern Marsh and Heath Spotted Orchids, Sneezewort and Whorled caraway, to name a few. These plants support some of the loveliest and increasingly rarest of critters. Curlews and Reed Bunting love this type of landscape, Kestrels and Barn Owls hunt over culm where voles are to be found, Marbled White and Marsh Fritillary butterflies thrive here as does the Narrow-bordered Bee Hawk-moth.
To maintain the grassland for these diminishing species you need to have the grass grazed by cattle at the right time of year - summer and autumn, or in January careful swaling of the dry thatch that is formed by the Purple Moor-grass, to encourage new growth in spring.
On the farm there is a patch of culm grassland that is just over an acre, a large bow-tie (or as I prefer to think of it, dog-bone) shaped glade surrounded by woodland. It has been fenced so that access to it by sheep and cattle can be controlled, and in summer it is incredibly difficult to walk through. It is thigh-high and tussocky and you have to wade through it and be very careful where you place your foot to avoid twisted ankles and squashing the orchids. Deer hide in the long grass and I long to come across a fawn.
The Devon Wildlife Trust think this small patch is bursting with interesting species and want to do a full survey. I can't wait.
Here endeth the lesson.
Monday, 18 June 2007
Walking the dogs
R.I.P young nuthatch
Saturday, 16 June 2007
Going, going.......gone
You may not think that bidding for a clutch of laying eggs, a group of sorry-for-themselves goslings, or a pair of majestic Silver Appleyard ducks is much of a thrill, but you would be wrong. First there is the viewing. You push your way past the hordes of folk eyeing up the cages of squawking birds. You see a mother hen with a half dozen chicks, one perched on her back as she struts and clucks, checking all are present and correct. There are examples that just about pass the vet's muster, that you would not risk introducing to your own flock; runny nose, dull eyes, feathers lacklustre, scaly legged or just sitting dejected in a corner. You spot a fabulous cockerel - black, polished, mature, shiny-eyed, probably done his bit for the breeder and now surplus to requirements. You don't need a cockerel, but he looks at you and you decide to take him if he's going at the right price. Then there are the examples you are really keen on: the trio of Khaki Campbells, just coming up to laying age; the Cayugas, with their effervescent plumage or a set of fine comical Indian Runner Ducks that should have their own primetime cartoon show.
You decide to bid. You get your auction number from the tiny booth, and even though you've only bid twice before, they know who you are and you don't need to repeat your address. The auctioneer and his sidekick push the wheeled auctioneer's stand into position. His hand does a quick check for auction notes, handkerchief and the two guinea pigs sewn together that sit on his head and impersonate a toupee. People cluster round the cages of birds they want to bid for, the numbers of the lots scrawled on the back of their auction number. They then try to act nonchalant, and mostly fail. The auctioneer's patter clatters on, barely intelligible; you have to deliberately tune in to his wavelength and it's a lost cause if you were intending to bid on the first few lots.
Your first lot comes up, you are now tuned in, you wait til the bidding slows and raise your hand quietly. You win or you lose. Sometimes there are no or few rival bids and you get your desire for pennies; you see something others don't, or they see something you can't. At other times a simple lot goes for bigger bucks than you can fathom. Concentration is total, even though you may be about to part with nothing more than a blue beer voucher. It's over quickly, but the initial adrenalin rush is as great for a duck as for a house, although the buzz lasts for a great deal longer if property or a new throughbred showjumper is the outcome. Done. Dusted. You do not control the pace of purchase.
When you emerge from the auction shed you feel the same as when you come out of the cinema and it's still daylight; disoriented, unreal, but with an experience and a story whirling in your head. The difference is that you may well have a trio of ducks in a container in your hands. You smile at them and take them home.
Tuesday, 12 June 2007
Summer fiction
It often starts with a re-read of a Jilly Cooper, although this year's temptation was freshly printed and bought cheap cheap at Paddington station. At the moment I am chewing through (why? shoot me now with a stone-age weapon, she is dire) Jean M Auel's Earth Children series. There is a heap of Georgette Heyers (first time for me) that I failed to wade through in adolescence. I do have some limited standards though. Jean Plaidy, Danielle Steel, Dan Brown, Jeffrey Archer (arggghhh!) and Terry Pratchett are permanently OUT. The distinctly classier Barbara Pym, Paul Auster and Philip Roth do rub shoulders with my current trashy stuff.
Many years ago, at a house warming party, the woman I showed round first gasped at the Jilly Coopers piled next to the complete, unmatching sets of James Joyce and Henry James. She spent the next hour commenting on and showing other people my apparently bizarre (and I must admit alphabetized) book collection. What she saw was my summer stock put to bed with the rest of the library - and at what I think is over 3000 books, I suspect it is becoming something of a mini library. My catholic reading is something I see reflected on friends' bookshelves. The more rigorously informally educated they are the more eclectic their collections and the more I want to prise their gems out of the vertical. In my head I am a book snob. In my heart I am a book slut.
Monday, 11 June 2007
Des res for otters
There are otters locally; this is Tarka country and I have had their spraint crumbled educationally beneath my nostrils to release the pungent fishy odour. The prospect of otters mating and producing young on the farm is in the category of "one of the most exciting things I can imagine". Turning away from the new housing plot, it was good to imagine that sanctuary might have been provided for a pair of first time buyers. I only apologise for having taken so long to build the off-plan dream.
Wednesday, 6 June 2007
My Crufts champs
Both dogs have collar tags with mobile number, home number and vet's number - that way they can make the phone call they need to, as long as they have the requisite change in their pockets. I have a different kind of tag. Keir Royale has bummed one of these my way. Eight things you don't know about me?
- I have an EVIL temper. Snap, snap, snap, snarl.
- My parents owned a joke shop in Soho, but I can never remember the punch line.
- I can lift heavy weights when there is no-one else around; somehow that talent disappears when there is help at hand.
- I'm scared of having my hair cut short; when I am older I will have a long white pigtail down my back and look like some freaky eccentric. Which means I can act like a freaky eccentric. And that sounds good to me. Win/win.
- I like to be in new places but I hate to travel. I want a magic carpet.
- You only cry in the theatre three times in your life. I wish it was more.
- Unlike M&M I have one earring in my left ear. But none in my right. This is to keep one earlobe utterly perfect - an earlobe is so nice to twiddle and a hole mars the pleasure factor. Thirty years after having my ear pierced my Mother still asks me when I am going to have the other one done.
- I'm not telling.
Saturday, 2 June 2007
Blair and Hirst and crass farewells
Friday, 1 June 2007
The Magic Faraway Tree
At the far end of the farm, perched on the very precipice of the steep river bank is an ancient oak. It is entirely hollow, so dendrochronology would be a wasted exercise. The base of the tree is scalloped - foxes and badgers can easily pass through to shelter in the core of the tree. The trunk is wrapped in fist-thick veiny cords of ivy. A rowan grows up through the middle of the tree, giving the oak a crown of orange berries at the end of summer; the tree no longer has a crown of its own. And yet, it is still living, producing leaves and acorns, sheltering insects, birds and mammals, providing a rubbing post for sheep and reminding me that its lifespan far, far exceeds that of any human Methuselah.


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Cheryl Contee aka "Jill Tubman", Baratunde Thurston aka "Jack Turner", rikyrah, Leutisha Stills aka "The Christian Progressive Liberal", B-Serious, Casey Gane-McCalla, Jonathan Pitts-Wiley aka "Marcus Toussaint," Fredric Mitchell
Special Contributors: James Rucker, Rinku Sen, Phaedra Ellis-Lamkins, Adam Luna, Kamala Harris
Technical Contributor: Brandon Sheats


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Sourdough is my method of choice when it comes to preparing and consuming grains.
I've mentioned before that I had no idea how versatile sourdough could be until I took the Gnowfglins Sourdough eCourse, and opened up a whole new world of possibilities! Since then, I've used sourdough to make everything from the typical bread, biscuits, and pancakes, to treats like pie crust, cake, donuts, and cookies, and even batter for frying onion rings, okra, and fish!
Here are a couple of our favorite sweet treats made with sourdough:
(Anyone else sensing a theme here? 😉 )
Just as I prefer sourdough for my method, I prefer spelt for my grain.
Spelt has a long and fascinating history, numerous advantages over conventional wheat, and is still an affordable option.
This delicious sourdough chocolate cake brings them both together in what has become one of our family's favorite treats!
I learned to make this cake in the Gnowfglins eCourse, and it's become a staple dessert in our house, topped with my super simple, honey-sweetened cream cheese frosting. Karate Kid (13) recently requested it for his birthday cake, so I documented the process to share with you while I made it for him.
Click over to the Grain Mill Wagon blog for complete instructions and the recipe, and don't forget the frosting! 🙂
Linked with Nomday Monday.


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When they warn students about the perils of social networking, college officials often point out that prospective employers pore over profiles on MySpace and Facebook. And the sites themselves aren't shy about doing the same.
The social networks are going public with their microtargeting strategies just a week after the Federal Trade Commission held a hearing to consider whether it should regulate online advertising more aggressively. Privacy advocates like the Electronic Frontier Foundation and the Center for Democracy and Technology had asked the commission to create a "Do Not Track" registry that would prohibit companies from logging people's Web usage for advertising purposes. (Facebook officials showed up at the hearing to discuss their privacy policies.)


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Friday, March 19, 2010
After Dark - S/T
From UK 1981. Typical 80's rock sound with many rearrangement.
I post it for 2 reasons .First , many people ask me what music has this lp
and second has an interesting rearrangement "Sultans of Swing" of Dire Straits.
Listen before you search to buy a copy.
Track List
A1.My Life
A2.Bright Lights Tonight
A3.Help me Make It Through the Night
B1.Sultans of Swing
B2.24 Hours From Tulsa
B3.Everything I Own
B4.Does Your Mother Know
B5.Still Rock 'n Roll
After Dark
Αναρτήθηκε από MIKE MUSIC LOVER στις 9:36 PM
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