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Stymied in their quest to re-sign Jason Varitek, the Red Sox last night made substantial progress in filling another void behind the plate as they reached a tentative agreement to retain Doug Mirabelli, one of the game's premier backup catchers. The final details were expected to be wrapped up early next week.
Mirabelli, a free agent for the first time, appeared poised to nearly double his salary from the $825,000 he earned last season. While serving primarily as Tim Wakefield's personal catcher, Mirabelli set career highs in batting average (.281), runs (27), RBIs (32), on-base percentage (.368), and slugging percentage (.525).
The Sox reached the tentative accord while a number of teams eyed Mirabelli as a prospective backup amid significant movement in the catching ranks. In recent days, the Brewers signed Oakland free agent Damian Miller, the Twins picked up Florida free agent Mike Redmond, the Angels exercised Bengie Molina's option, and the A's were close to acquiring Jason Kendall from the Pirates for lefthanders Mark Redman and Arthur Rhodes.
Though the Sox placed a high priority on retaining Mirabelli, they have no plans to significantly expand his backup role and remain committed to pursuing Varitek, the top catcher on the free agent market. The Sox have offered Varitek about $36 million over four years while he has sought $55 million over five years, and the sides may need a while to resolve their differences. (With the Sox expected to offer Varitek salary arbitration by Dec. 7, he would have until Dec. 19 to decide whether to accept. If he were to reject the offer, the sides would have until Jan. 8 to reach a deal or forfeit their rights to negotiate until May 1.)
Mirabelli, who turned 34 Oct. 18, has paid major dividends since former general manager Dan Duquette acquired him from the Rangers for farmhand Justin Duchscherer June 12, 2001. It was the same day Varitek underwent season-ending surgery after he fractured his right elbow making a sensational catch of a foul pop at Fenway Park.
A positive force in the clubhouse, Mirabelli last season caught all but 2 1/3 innings of Wakefield's 188 1/3-inning workload. As a consequence, Mirabelli led the league in passed balls (15) and caught only eight of 46 runners stealing, a 17.4 percent success rate. But he made only two errors (Varitek also committed only two) as the Sox catchers matched their counterparts with the A's and Mariners for the league's best fielding percentage (.997).
The baseball world got a sense of the challenge Mirabelli faces in catching Wakefield when Varitek committed three passed balls working with the knuckleballer in the 13th inning of Game 5 of the American League Championship Series against the Yankees. But for all his work with Wakefield, Mirabelli also caught every other regular Sox pitcher last season, including Curt Schilling, who logged a 1.17 ERA in 15 1/3 innings with Mirabelli behind the plate, Alan Embree (0.69 ERA in 13 2/3 innings), and Keith Foulke (2.30 ERA in 15 2/3 innings). Sox pitchers posted a 4.19 ERA with Varitek and a 4.26 mark with Mirabelli.
Mirabelli, who has logged six years of major league service without landing on the disabled list, led all AL catchers who appeared in at least 40 games last season with his .525 slugging percentage. The only Sox regulars with a higher slugging percentage were Manny Ramirez (.613) and David Ortiz (.603).
Mirabelli, who appeared in 59 games last season, hit .305 with nine homers and 29 RBIs in his 41 starts. . . .
The Sox rank among the leading candidates to be named Sports Illustrated's Sportsmen of the Year. The winner will be announced on Ch. 25 tomorrow at 4:30 p.m. The Sox would be the third team to receive the honor since the magazine's Sportsman of the Year progam was established in 1954, joining the 1980 US Olympic men's hockey team and 1999 US women's World Cup championship team. The only Sox player to receive the honor was Carl Yastrzemski in 1967. Schilling, who recently was named the magazine's major league player of the year, shared the Sportsman of the Year honors in 2001 with his Arizona Diamondbacks teammate, Randy Johnson . . . Sox manager Terry Francona plans to hit the speaking circuit next week as he joins the rest of the organization in reaping the benefits of the world championship. "I'll be a little busier," he said, "but it's nice to have a chance to make a little extra money this winter." Francona said his emotions during the championship run were difficult to describe. "When we were coming back against the Yankees, I was having the time of my life," he said. "When it was over, it felt like Christmas. You rush up to it, and then it's gone." He said he has shifted much of his focus to preparing for next season . . . The Arizona Fall League has completed play and none of the Sox farmhands were ranked among the top 20 prospects in the league by Baseball America. The publication rated Tampa Bay minor league outfielder Delmon Young the top prospect. Boston's first pick in the June draft, shortstop Dustin Pedroia, fared well, batting .278 with a .375 on-base percentage in 28 games for the Scottsdale Scorpions. Former West Roxbury High star Manny Delcarmen went 3-2 with a 3.60 ERA in 12 relief appearances for the Peoria Saguaros as he continued his comeback from Tommy John elbow surgery.


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Police Pensioners
This page was added on 13/06/2016.
Comments about this page
Just to clarify , Steve Wickham is on the extreme left of the Pensioners Dinner. Sorry for the confusion.
On the extreme left of the pensioners photo is Steve WICKHAM., ex mounted section, coroners officer and founder of the Glos NARPO .

subset: commoncrawl


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It looks like downtown Miami is mostly back up and running. The Flagler Starbucks is open. Many restaurants are also now open. It is unclear when magistrate court will reopen.
If you are still home and looking for more reading, check out this Judge Rosenbaum opinion about the Dark Web from last week, snuck in right before Irma:
The Dark Web. For many, the name conjures images of a suspect shadow internet world where virtually anything can be bought for the right price.* Indeed, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives ("ATF") Special Agent Tully Kessler described the Dark Web as "another side of the Internet . . . access[ible] through your Internet provider . . . [but only using] special software." He opined that it "allow[s] the sale and trade of all kinds of things that you would never find on a regular website open to the public." And the Dark Web—on, in one case, a site called Black Market Reloaded—is where Defendant-Appellant Michael Albert Focia chose to sell firearms domestically and internationally.
A jury convicted Focia of dealing in firearms without a federal firearms license, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(a)(1)(A), and selling firearms to unlicensed residents of states other than his own without having a license to do so, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(a)(5). He now challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to convict him, the jury instructions, the constitutionality of the criminal statutes of which he was convicted, and his sentence. After careful consideration, and with the benefit of oral argument, we affirm Focia's conviction and sentence.
*In fact, the Dark Web also has a different side. Because of its layered encryption system, it plays an important role in providing safe fora for, among others, whistleblowers and journalists.


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You are here
Toughened glass
The glass is heated to more than 600 °C and then quickly cooled. If broken, it shatters into many small blunt pieces.
Toughened glass retains the light transmission and energy properties of the base product. Once toughened, it can no longer be cut or shaped.
It may, however, be assembled into Thermobel insulating sealed units, coated, and assembled into Stratobel and Stratophone laminated glass.
- Range of products which can be toughened:
Planibel Clear, Planibel Coloured, Planibel Low-E (Planibel G, Planibel G fasT, Planibel Pure Comfort 10, Planibel Pure Comfort 14), Sunergy, Stopsol, Imagin, Stopray Smart, Planibel AS
- Range of products which must be toughened:
Stopray T, iplus (Energy NT, Top 1.1(T), Advanced 1.0 (T), Lacobel T, Matelac T.
- Range of products available only in toughened versions:
Colorbel, Artlite.


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Also named the "Black Pearl of the Mediterranean Sea", the "Daughter of the Winds", Pantelleria is a dreamlike island come true. Visited by fashionistas and celebrities attracted by the kaleidoscopic combination of the green of vineyards, the striking red, purple, yellow of bougainvilleas, the blue of waters and the black of lava stone. The scenery displays rough lava stone and very small vineyards. It is just impossible not to surrender to its beauty. The Arabs, whose customs still are kept, came to the island in the 8th century it with a characteristic construction called dammusi (Picture 3) (a low accommodation built with thick volcanic rock) and also grew the zibibbo grape from which the moscato di passito di Pantelleria is made from.
What to See and Do
In Pantelleria town Castello Carabacane, set at the end of the harbour, is worth a visit. The town does not offer much as during the WWII it was destroyed and therefore had to be constructed again. But it adopted a new and different style with cube shaped houses.
All villages on the island can be visited in a day trip. Main towns are Gadir (the most attractive), Rekale (in the south) and Scauri(a port). The island boasts a wide appeal when it comes to natural beauty.
There are 24 ancient craters of red volcanic rock around Monte Grande, the main volcano on the island reaching 836 m at its peak lying in the centre of Pantelleria. At the summit of Monte Grande, the Stufa del Bagno di Arturo draws many visitors wishing to enjoy this natural boiling sauna and Specchio di Venere (Picture 1) offers a natural setting with volcanic mud. Bagno dell'Aqua is a bigger turquoise lake that can be reached more easily. The lake is visible from the village of Bugeber and in August its lakeshores are the setting for a horse race. The green Valle di Monastero and Valle di Ghirlanda offer a different geography away from vapour and heat. They are grown with vineyards. You can try hiking and riding in the valleys.
Another interesting visit are the sesi, enormous Neolithic funeral stone piles where low passages take you to the centre. The island was full of these funeral cairns but as time went by the stones used for these constructions were reused in building dammusi. The dammusi resembles the sesi. Its walls are made from white-washed volcanic stone and the low cupolas maintain its interior fresh.
For diving and snorkelling 's worshippers Pantelleria is paradise. Archaeological and night dives can be unforgettable experiences. There are many coves and sea grottos to enjoy the depths of these blue waters. In Gadir there is a wondrous hot spring. The grottos around the island can be visited on boat excursions.
For entertainment Oxidiana is a renowned pizza parlours along with a swinging disco fully packed in the summertime. It was constructed from black lava providing it with a mysterious feel.
Shopping is always tempting. The shops on the island stock mainly slips and sandals or its own variety of cosmetic products with the regenerating mud of Bagno dell'Aqua. La Nicchia stocks sweet wine, pickles and preserves.
Where to Eat
Habibi Club is in a typical dammuso, that needs reservation to find a place. It masters and exclusively serves the well-liked fish couscous. Il Cappero needs reserving and offers a pasta and fish menu.
In Trattoria Favarotta you will savour delicious spaghetti con pesto pantesco, a sauce which contains tomato, garlic, pepper, and basil sauce) or roast hare among many other delights. Il Mulini is one of the top quality restaurants housed in a mill. You should try the baci, a delicious dessert of layers of pastry filled with ricotta.
How to Get to/away/around
This large island makes it necessary to rent a means of transport if you wish to make the most of your stay. Pantelleria town is in the north west but most of the sightseeing is done on the southwest and northeast coast.
BY BUS: from Palermo (length: 30 minutes ). There are also flights from Rome. There is a bus service to and from the airport. On the island there are buses servicing all the towns and villages which leave from Pantelleria town.
BY HYDROFOILS: from Trapani (length: 2 ½ hours, services: 1 a day, June-September), from Trapani (length: 5 hours, services: 1 a day), from Mazara del Vallo (length: 2 ½ hours, services: 1 a day, June-September). From October to May services are less frequent and depend on the weather.
MORE TIPS: car and scooter rental is a good option to discover the island first hand and independently.


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Just a few months ago, Republican contender Rick Santorum was slamming Mitt Romney at every opportunity – over his Massachusetts health-care reform, his past as a "financier from Wall Street," and as someone who would "say anything to be elected."
Now, having dropped out of the GOP nomination race, the former US senator from Pennsylvania is an important ally, both in Mr. Romney's quest for Republican unity and as an attack dog against President Obama. And when Mr. Santorum addresses the Republican National Convention, he will also – perhaps – be taking his next step toward another run for the presidency, either in 2016 or 2020.
The focus of Santorum's speech Tuesday night is welfare reform, amid charges that Mr. Obama is weakening the work requirement for recipients of public assistance. Speaking Tuesday morning on CBS, Santorum called the new waiver program ''a very, very serious assault'' on welfare reform. Fact-checkers call the charge misleading. In the Senate, Santorum played an important role in enacting the 1996 reform.
Tuesday night in Tampa, Santorum brings to the stage his newly won star power as a leading voice of social conservatism – and an unspoken message that Romney, who governed Massachusetts as a moderate, can now be trusted.
Santorum's appearance represents "another piece of the mosaic they're trying to put together of a united Republican Party and conservative movement," says Gary Bauer, a social-conservative leader who endorsed Santorum for president. "Republicans only win when they bring together social, economic, and foreign policy conservatives. I think it's happening."
After Santorum dropped out of the presidential race in April, the final GOP contender to do so (except for Rep. Ron Paul), he waited to back Romney. And even when the endorsement came, it seemed grudging. But over time, he has become a loyal soldier in the battle to unseat Obama.
On the down side for Romney, Santorum's return to the national stage also brings back discussion of last week's sensational comment by Rep. Todd Akin, the GOP Senate candidate from Missouri who said women usually can't get pregnant in cases of "legitimate rape." (Congressman Akin opposes abortion without exception.) Top Republicans – from Romney on down – urged Akin to drop out, to no avail, in an episode that exacerbated the party's internal tensions over the role of social issues in the campaign.
In his interview Tuesday with Charlie Rose of "CBS This Morning," Santorum called Akin a "good man" who made a "ridiculous statement." He criticized Akin for mishandling the episode, but then talked about how the Republican Party is on the right side of the abortion issue.
"If you look at young people, young people are more pro-life than our generation," said Santorum, who is in his 50s. "And why? Because, well, science is a hard thing to overcome. You look at that 4-D sonogram in the womb and you see that child with fingers and hands and the beating heart and looks like you and me, and it's hard to look at that and say, 'Well, that's not a person, that's not someone who deserves protection.' And I think more and more people are moving in our direction, and I think society is moving in our direction, and I think that's a good thing for us."
In the primaries, Santorum won 11 states and 255 delegates. But unlike Congressman Paul, Santorum has asked his delegates to vote for Romney in the formal nomination process at the convention.
In June, Santorum announced formation of a political action committee, Patriot Voices, which is raising money for Republican candidates and promoting conservatism. He has continued to make appearances at political events – including in early primary and caucus states, such as Iowa and South Carolina. Santorum also has a few more flecks of gray hair than he did earlier this year, no doubt a boon to a young-looking candidate who aspires to the presidency.
Mr. Bauer, president of the group American Values, is still high on Santorum as a future contender, though he is quick to say that he thinks Romney will be elected and reelected, as long as he implements the conservative policies he espouses.
But looking ahead to the 2020 presidential race, Bauer sees a strong Republican bench in the mold of the late President Reagan, a conservative icon. "And certainly," he says, "Rick would have one of the prime seats on that list of men and women."


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With the Grand Depart only months away Skipton and Keighley roads may be suffering in getting the area ready if the situation in Glusburn is commonplace throughout the area.
Local Councillors have called for urgent repairs to be made to a "deteriorated" road surface in Glusburn.
The Councillors concerned Philip Barrett and parish member Patrick Hargreaves have argued that the state of a quarter-mile stretch of the A6068 between Hayfield Mill and Glusburn Bridge is inadequate and dangerous
The Councillors said that the road surface was breaking up and several complaints had been made by local residents who have also said that the noise from heavy goods vehicles both day and night is becoming increasing intolerable.
Heavy goods vehicles are ripping up the road surface due to over use and the Councillors suspect that the improvements to other areas of road being made ready for the Grand Depart are meaning that this stretch of road is not getting the attention that is so urgently needed.
The Councillors said they feel like second class citizens. Whilst they accept the benefits of the forthcoming race they also believe that the limited roads budget is not being distributed properly or fairly
The Councillor added: "While I fully understand the unprecedented central government financial cuts facing the county council and the resultant diminishing budgets, I'm very concerned this road surface is now bordering on dangerous."
Full details of the story can be found at http://www.keighleynews.co.uk/news/news_keighley/11076503.___Please_improve_damaged_roads____in_Glusburn/
O'Neill Injury Solicitors Comment:
If a person has had an accident and are injured due to a damaged road they should consult O'Neill Injury Solicitors to find out whether they may have a claim . This can be if they have an accident on a road whilst driving or if they trip or slip as a pedestrian on a damaged road surface. If the Council has not properly carried out preventative maintenance or if there have been complaints that have not been acted on by the Council by local residents or drivers then this means that the claim has a much greater chance of success.
Claims for personal injury due to a damaged road surface are complex and will almost certainly be contested by the local authority concerned and therefore getting Solicitor involved is vital.
It would be a pity if the benefits of the Tour De France coming to Yorkshire led to increased road accidents because of roads being more unsafe. Getting ready for the Tour de France is fine but not if the other roads not being used are allowed to deteriorate to this level.
If you believe that you have been injured as a result of an accident of this sort please contact O'Neill Injury Solicitors on 01535 958778 or by e mail on email@example.com for free unbiased independent and local advice – home visits arranged as required.


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Sumptuary laws (from Latin sumptuariae leges) are laws that attempt to regulate habits of consumption. Black's Law Dictionary defines them as "Laws made for the purpose of restraining luxury or extravagance, particularly against inordinate expenditures in the matter of apparel, food, furniture, etc."[1]. Traditionally, they were laws that regulated and reinforced social hierarchies and morals through restrictions on clothing, food, and luxury expenditures. In most times and places they were ineffectual.[2]
Throughout history, societies have used sumptuary laws for a variety of purposes. They attempted to regulate the balance of trade by limiting the market for expensive imported goods. They were also an easy way to identify social rank and privilege, and often were used for social discrimination. This frequently meant preventing commoners from imitating the appearance of aristocrats, and sometimes also to stigmatize disfavored groups. In the Late Middle Ages sumptuary laws were instituted as a way for the nobility to cap the conspicuous consumption of the prosperous bourgeoisie of medieval cities, and they continued to be used for these purposes well into the seventeenth century.[2]
The first written Greek law code (Locrian code), by Zaleucus in the seventh century BC, stipulated that "no free woman should be allowed any more than one maid to follow her, unless she was drunk: nor was to stir out of the city by night, wear jewels of gold about her, or go in an embroidered robe, unless she was a professed and public prostitute; that, bravos excepted, no man was to wear a gold ring, nor be seen in one of those effeminate robes woven in the city of Miletus." (Quoted from Montaigne, see below.) It also banned the drinking of undiluted wine except for medical purposes.[3]
The Sumptuariae Leges of ancient Rome were various laws passed to prevent inordinate expense (sumptus) in banquets and dress, such as the use of expensive Tyrian purple dye.[4][5] Individual garments were also regulated: ordinary male citizens were allowed to wear the toga virilis only upon reaching the age of political majority.[6] In the early years of the Empire, men were forbidden to wear silk[7], and details of clothing including the number of stripes on the tunic were regulated according to social rank.[7] It was considered the duty of government to put a check upon extravagance in the private expenses of persons,[8] and such restrictions are found in laws attributed to the kings of Rome and in the Twelve Tables. The Roman censors, who were entrusted with the disciplina or cura morum, published the nota censoria. In it was listed the names of everyone found guilty of a luxurious mode of living; a great many instances of this kind are recorded. As the Roman Republic wore on, further such laws were passed; however, towards the end of the Republic they were virtually repealed. Near the end of the Empire, the Emperor Honorius (d. 423) issued a decree prohibiting men from wearing "barbarian" trousers in Rome.[9]
Sumptuary laws existed in China in one form or another from the Qin dynasty onwards (221BC). The Confucian virtue of restraint was embodied in the scholarly system central to China's bureaucracy and became encoded in its laws.[10]
Sumptuary laws were often concerned with the size and decoration of graves and mausoleums. The founder of the Ming Dynasty, the Hongwu Emperor, issued such regulations in the first year of the empire (1368), and tightened them in 1396. According to the latter rules, only the highest nobility (those of the gong and hou ranks) and the officials of the top 3 ranks were allowed to have a memorial stele installed on top of a stone tortoise; lower-level mandarins' steles were to stand on simple rectangular pedestals, while commoners had to be satisfied with a simple gravestone. The size of the site and the number of statues in nobles and mandarins' mausoleums varied depending on their rank as well.[11]
Sumptuary laws were not updated in China after about 1550, but had long been ineffective.[12] Kenneth Pomeranz has researched consumption levels in China over several centuries prior to and during the period of intense industrial expansion in Europe (after 1800). He suggests that consumption levels of luxuries such as tea, sugar, fine silk, tobacco and eating utensils were on a par with core regions in Europe until industrial expansion.[12]
According to Britannica Online, "In feudal Japan sumptuary laws were passed with a frequency and minuteness of scope that had no parallel in the history of the Western world".[13] During the Tokugawa period (1603–1868) in Japan, people of every class were subject to strict sumptuary laws that included regulation of the types of clothing that could be worn. In the second half of that period (the 18–19th centuries), the merchant class (chōnin) had grown far wealthier than the aristocratic samurai, and these laws sought to maintain class divisions despite the ability of the merchants to wear far more luxurious clothing and to own far more luxurious items. The shogunate eventually gave in, and allowed for certain concessions, including the allowance of merchants of a certain prestige to wear one sword at their belt; samurai always wore two swords.
Medieval Islamic sumptuary laws were based upon teachings found in the Koran and Hadiths. Males are exhorted not to wear silk clothes, nor have jewelry made of gold. Likewise, wearing clothes or robes that drag on the ground, seen as a sign of vanity and excessive pride, are also forbidden. These rules do not apply to women, who are allowed all this.
Prohibition of depictions of human and animal figures in general are similar to those of the Biblical prohibition on "graven images", dictated by Islam's monotheism. Hadiths do allow the depiction of animals in clothing items though.
See more at [14].
Circa seventh- and eighth-century Syria and Iraq, neck sealing were used by non-Muslims in the administration of a poll tax. Tattooing and branding of slaves and captives were widespread in the ancient world whereas lead or copper seals were used to mark non-Muslims and slaves in the Islamic world. [15]
Likewise, non-Muslims were not allowed to wear colors associated with Islam, particularly green.[16] The practice of physically branding Jews and Christians appears to have been begun in early medieval Baghdad and was considered highly degrading.[17] In many Islamic states, Christians and Jews were required to wear special emblems on their clothes. The yellow badge was first introduced by a caliph in Baghdad in the ninth century, and spread to the West in medieval times. In public baths, non-Muslims wore medallions suspended from cords around their necks so no one would mistake them for Muslims. Belts, headgear, shoes, armbands and/or cloth patches were also used.[18] In 1005 the Jews of Fatimid Egypt were ordered to wear bells on their garments.[19]
The earliest sumptuary regulations in Christian Europe were church regulations of clergy, distinguishing what ranks could wear which items of vestments or (to a lesser extent) normal clothes on particular occasions; these were already very detailed by 1200, in early recensions of canon law. Next followed regulations, again flowing from the church (by far the largest bureaucracy in Medieval Europe) attempting to enforce the wearing of distinctive clothing or badges so that members of various groups could be readily identified, as branded criminals already could be. The groups covered included Jews, Muslims, heretics such as Cathars (repentant ones were made to wear the Cathar yellow cross), lepers and sufferers from some other medical conditions, and prostitutes. The enactment and effectiveness of such measures was highly variable — efforts to make lepers wear long whitish robes were apparently not successful, as they are usually shown in pictures wearing normal clothes, but carrying a horn or rattle to warn others of their approach.
Sumptuary laws issued by secular authorities aimed at keeping the main population dressed according to their "station" do not begin until the later thirteenth century[20] These laws were addressed to the entire social body, but the brunt of regulation was directed at women and the middle classes. Their curbing of display was ordinarily couched in religious and moralizing vocabulary yet was affected by social and economic considerations, aimed at preventing ruinous expenses among the wealthy classes and the drain of capital reserves to foreign suppliers.[21]
The efforts to make Jews and Muslims dress distinctively date from 1215 or shortly before. One aspect of medieval sumptuary laws was attempts to make the Jewish and other non-Christian populations identifiable by the wearing of special yellow badges or the conical Jewish hat, the latter having initially been a voluntary form of distinctive dress imported from the Islamic world.[22] Canon 68 of the Fourth Council of the Lateran in 1215 stipulated that Jews and Muslims should wear distinctive clothing; avoiding sexual contact between the populations was the reason given. The Jews of Castile, the largest population in Europe, were exempted by the Pope four years later, but elsewhere local laws were introduced to bring the canon into effect. In much of Europe, Jews were supposed to wear the Judenhut or a yellow badge in the form of a wheel or ring (the "rota"), or in England a shape representing the Tablets of the Law. Muslims usually were supposed to wear a crescent-shaped patch, or Eastern dress. Enforcement of these laws seems gradually to have dwindled, and the hat is not often seen in pictures after the fifteenth century, although the ring continues after that.[23]
Special forms of dress for prostitutes and courtesans were first introduced in Ancient Rome in the form of a flame-colored toga, and re-introduced in the 13th century: in Marseilles a striped cloak, in England a striped hood, and so on. Over time these tended to be reduced to distinctive bands of fabric attached to the arm or shoulder, or tassels on the arm. Later restrictions specified various forms of finery that were forbidden, although there was also sometimes a recognition that finery represented working equipment (and capital) for a prostitute, and they could be exempted from laws applying to other non-noble women. By the 15th century no compulsory clothing seems to have been imposed on prostitutes in Florence, Venice (the European capital of courtesans) or Paris.[24]
In England, which in this respect was typical of Europe, from the reign of Edward III in the Middle Ages until well into the 17th century,[2] sumptuary laws dictated what color and type of clothing, furs, fabrics, and trims were allowed to persons of various ranks or incomes. In the case of clothing this was intended, amongst other reasons, to reduce spending on foreign textiles and to ensure that people did not dress "above their station":
The excess of apparel and the superfluity of unnecessary foreign wares thereto belonging now of late years is grown by sufferance to such an extremity that the manifest decay of the whole realm generally is like to follow (by bringing into the realm such superfluities of silks, cloths of gold, silver, and other most vain devices of so great cost for the quantity thereof as of necessity the moneys and treasure of the realm is and must be yearly conveyed out of the same to answer the said excess) but also particularly the wasting and undoing of a great number of young gentlemen, otherwise serviceable, and others seeking by show of apparel to be esteemed as gentlemen, who, allured by the vain show of those things, do not only consume themselves, their goods, and lands which their parents left unto them, but also run into such debts and shifts as they cannot live out of danger of laws without attempting unlawful acts, whereby they are not any ways serviceable to their country as otherwise they might be. – Statute issued at Greenwich, 15 June 1574, by order of Elizabeth I[25])
An extremely long list of items, specifying colour, materials, and sometimes place of manufacture (imported goods being much more tightly restricted) followed for each sex, with equally specific exceptions by rank of nobility or position held. For the most part, these laws were poorly enforced and often ignored, though the Parliament of England made repeated amendments to the laws and several monarchs (most notably the Tudors) continually called for stricter enforcement "to the intent there may be a difference of estates known by their apparel after the commendable custom in times past."[26]
Many sumptuary laws regulating specific items of dress were issued throughout Italy in the Renaissance. Low necklines were prohibited in Genoa, Milan, and Rome in the early 16th century,[27] and laws restricting zibellini (sable furs carried as fashion accessories) with heads and feet of precious metals and jewels were issued in Bologna in 1545 and Milan in 1565.[28]
Montaigne's brief essay On sumptuary laws criticized sixteenth century French laws, beginning "The way by which our laws attempt to regulate idle and vain expenses in meat and clothes, seems to be quite contrary to the end designed... For to enact that none but princes shall eat turbot, shall wear velvet or gold lace, and interdict these things to the people, what is it but to bring them into a greater esteem, and to set every one more agog to eat and wear them?" He also cites Plato and Zaleucus.
In the Early Modern period, sumptuary laws continued to be used to support native textile industries in the face of imports. Prohibitions continued to be tied to rank and income and continued to be widely ignored.
In 1629 and 1633, Louis XIII of France issued edicts regulating "Superfluity of Dress" that prohibited anyone but princes and the nobility from wearing gold embroidery or caps, shirts, collars and cuffs embroidered with metallic threads or lace[29], and puffs, slashes, and bunches of ribbon were severely restricted. As with other such laws, these were widely disregarded and laxly enforced. A series of popular engravings by Abraham Bosse depicts the supposed effects of this law.[30]
In the Massachusetts Bay Colony, only people with a personal fortune of at least two hundred pounds could wear lace, silver or gold thread or buttons, cutwork, embroidery, hatbands, belts, ruffles, capes, and other articles. After a few decades, the law was being widely defied.[31] [32]
Sumptuary laws have also been used to control populations by prohibiting the wearing of native dress and hairstyles, along with the proscription of other cultural customs. Sir John Perrot, Lord Deputy of Ireland under Elizabeth I, banned the wearing of traditional woollen mantles, "open smocks" with "great sleeves", and native headdresses, requiring the people to dress in "civil garments" in the English style.[33]
In a similar manner, the Dress Act of 1746, part of the Act of Proscription issued under George II of the United Kingdom following the Jacobite Risings, made wearing Scottish Highland Dress including tartans and kilts illegal in Scotland for anyone not in the British military. The Act was repealed in 1782, having been largely successful, and a few decades later "romantic" Highland Dress was enthusiastically adopted by George IV on a Walter Scott-inspired visit to Scotland in 1822.[34]
In Bhutan, the wearing of traditional dress (which also has an ethnic connotation) in certain places, such as when visiting government offices, was made compulsory in 1989.[35]
The term "sumptuary law" has been used as a pejorative term to describe any governmental control of consumption, whether based on moral, religious, health, or public safety concerns. Judge Thomas M. Cooley generally described their modern form as laws which "substitute the legislative judgment for that of the proprietor, regarding the manner in which he should use and employ his property."[36] Policies to which the term has been critically applied include alcohol prohibition,[37] drug prohibition,[38] smoking bans.[39][40][41][42], and restrictions on dog fighting[43].
As early as 1860, Anthony Trollope, writing about his experiences in Maine under the state's prohibition law, stated, "This law (prohibition), like all sumptuary laws, must fail."[44] In 1918, William Howard Taft decried prohibition in the United States as a bad sumptuary law, stating that one of his reasons for opposing prohibition was his belief that "sumptuary laws are matters for parochial adjustment."[45] Taft later repeated this concern.[46] The Supreme Court of Indiana also discussed alcohol prohibition as a sumptuary law in its 1855 decision Herman v. State.[47] During state conventions on the ratification of the 21st Amendment in 1933, numerous delegates throughout the United States decried prohibition as having been an improper sumptuary law which never should have been included in the Constitution of the United States.[37]
In 1971, a United States federal study stated that federal laws on alcohol include "sumptuary laws which are directed at the purchaser," including "Sales are not permitted to minors or intoxicated persons. Credit is often prohibited on liquor sales as well. Criminal penalties may be imposed for driving under the influence of alcohol as well as for drunken behavior."[48]
When the U.S. State of Washington considered cannabis decriminalization in two initiatives, 229 and 248, the initiatives' language stated that "Cannabis prohibition is a sumptuary law of a nature repugnant to our Constitution's framers."
Spence, Jonathan D. (1991). The Search for Modern China. W.W.Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-30780-1.
Garlet, Tamara (2007). Le contrôle de l'apparence vestimentaire à Lausanne d'après les lois somptuaires bernoises et les registres du Consistoire de la Ville (1675-1706). Université de Lausanne. www.rero.ch
Pomeranz, Kenneth (2002). "Political economy and ecology on the eve of industrialization: Europe, China and the global conjuncture". American Historical Review 107 (2): 425. doi:10.1086/532293.


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Two members of our team this past Friday made their own celebratory call into Dave's radio program to exclaim with their spouse, "We're Debt FREEEEEEEE!!!"
Michael, our Financial Literacy Programmer, paid off $126,000! This took him and his wife Tracy, 3 1/2 years; knocking out a car payment and completely paying off their house. Amazing! At the age of 41, Michael and his wife are completely free of the strangle hold of debt and live in a house fully paid for! WOW!
Next was a phone call in from Kevin, one of our ELP Web Programmers, and his wife Sara. They paid off a total of $28,000 in only 21 months! What was their debt from you ask? That crabby old lady Sallie Mae! They paid off all their student loans with a gazelle intense speed and are now, at the young age of 26, ready to live their lives DEBT FREE!
We are very proud of our team members Michael and Kevin. We even had the privilege of joining them in their debt free scream! We wish them the very best as they continue to live out their lives debt free! 🙂


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11 Teacher-Approved Crafts for School
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Christmas Placemat
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Nothing says seasons greetings quite like Christmas craft ideas. Students will learn about complimentary colors, and after being introduced to tartans (Scottish plaids) and viewing works by Piet Mondrian, will create a plaid Christmas placemat. This is a great craft for a class holiday party and can be used by parents as an entertaining after-school activity. You only need a few inexpensive supplies to complete this project, making it one of the most fun and inexpensive Christmas kids crafts around. Use these Christmas placemats for breakfast or brunch when the holiday arrives.
- Broad Markers
- Brush Set
- Acrylic Paints
- Paper
- Rulers
- Laminating paper
Target Grade: 1
Goal (Terminal Objective): Students will learn about complimentary colors, and after being introduced to tartans (Scottish plaids) and viewing works by Piet Mondrian, will create a plaid Christmas placemat.
Objective: Students will demonstrate their understanding of complimentary colors by creating a tartan (plaid Christmas placemat).
National Standards:
Visual Arts Grades K-4 Content Standard 1: Understanding and applying media, techniques, and processes
Visual Arts Grades K-4 Content Standard 2: Using knowledge of structure and functions
Visual Arts Grades K-4 Content Standard Understanding the visual arts in relation to history and cultures
Visual Arts Grades K-4 Content Standard 6: Making connections between visual arts and other disciplines (Social Studies Cross Curriculum Connection)
Purpose: Students will learn about tartans and will look at examples of them. They will learn about artist Piet Mondrian and his use of grids in his paintings. They will learn about complimentary colors on the color wheel. Using all of this information, they will create a tartan.
New Vocabulary: tartan, plaid, Piet Mondrian, complimentary colors, color wheel
Time: 2-3 class periods
Introduction and Motivation (Set):
Of Scottish heritage, tartans are a pattern consisting of criss-crossed horizontal and vertical lines. This is known as plaid in North America.
1. Students are introduced to tartans. Students view several examples. Scottish heritage is discussed.
2. Continuing the discussion on plaid and pattern, show works by Dutch painter Piet Mondrian, especially Composition II and Red, Blue, and Yellow. Discuss the grid of vertical and horizontal black lines and the use of colors which fill in the grid.
Show and discuss the color wheel. Discuss the placement of colors on the wheel. Allow students to find certain colors and notice their relationships to each other. Teach complimentary colors. Complimentary colors are pairs of colors that are opposite hues on the color wheel. Find different examples of complimentary colors. Focus on red and green as complimentary colors.
(1) Guided Practice:
1. Hand out drawing paper. Students should write their names on the back of the paper.
2. Display samples of tartans and works by artist Piet Mondrian. Discuss his "New Plasticism" style of art. Using a ruler, students should begin drawing horizontal and vertical lines at uneven widths, forming a plaid pattern. Lines should be different thicknesses.
3. Paint in all of the squares and rectangles that were created with red and green paint.
4. The very thin lines can be traced over using a black marker. All other lines should be painted using black paint.
5. Laminate.
(2) Independent Practice and Check for Understanding:
1. Teacher circulates and helps students with drawing straight lines and then with the painting.
2. Teacher offers individual help as needed.
(3) Closure: Teacher leads students in a discussion of tartans. Teacher leads a discussion on the difficulty of using a ruler and of painting "in the lines" as this can be a difficult task for young students.
Level One -- Craftsmanship is excellent. Lines are all drawn correctly and painted correctly. Finished project is a usable placemat and resembles a tartan.
Level Two -- Craftsmanship is good. Finished project is a usable placemat and resembles a tartan.
Level Three -- Craftsmanship is fair. Many lines are not straight and are not painted in correctly.
Level Four -- Craftsmanship is poor or is incomplete. There is no technical skill shown.
Tips: Paint over areas as needed to get a solid dark red and green color and to eliminate brush strokes.
Notes: By focusing more on Piet Mondrian and his works, this project can become a modern painting, rather than a Christmas placemat.
Extension: Designs can be made much more complicated by adding more horizontal and vertical lines or by adding more thin lines. Designs can be made easier by eliminating some or even all of the black lines. Oil pastels can be used instead of paints.
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I spent the end of my Easter holidays in Brighton with my best friend and house mate Katie. I have never been to Brighton before but it was definitely and experience and I will be back. We drank cocktails, coffee and sat by the beach before going out to Shoosh with my course friend Tia and her boyfriend. Brighton is such a beautiful place which was a perfect end to such a lush Easter holiday with my friend and family before the stress of University work kicked in.
I am now back at Uni, I drove back yesterday morning before going to my first revision lecture. I am happy to be back but I am worried about getting lazy. University gives you a lot of free time which is sometimes hard to fill without spending a lot of money, but I am ready to keep myself busy and motivated 24/7. When I am motivated I also eat a lot better and I am going on holiday in a month so it is time to put myself in a hole of revision and fitness before I really regret it!!
Happy Tuesday everybody and last day of April!


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Your Brew Supply Specialists
Alpha: 13-15% Oil: 2 - 4%
LupuLN2™ hop powder and pellets are produced from whole leaf hops using YCH HOPS' proprietary cryogenic separation process that preserves all components of each fraction.LupuLN2 is purified lupulin powder containing most of the resin compounds and aromatic oils derived directly from whole hop flowers. It is ideal for use in the whirlpool or fermenter for imparting intense hop flavor and aroma with minimal vegetal flavor and improved yield. Used in combination with Resinate® CO2 extract, LupuLN2 can add hop aroma and flavor to the end of boil or in dry hopping for a twofold approach to achieving superior brewery efficiency without sacrificing flavor. Depending on how much pellet or whole leaf is replaced by either of these products, breweries may see significant improvements in beer yield which contribute to both the bottom line and sustainability mission of YCH and many of our customers. LupuLN2 may be used anywhere pellet hops can be used and are best used for late kettle and dry hopadditions. As a starting point for recipe formulation or modification dose rate is estimated at 50% of pellets by weight. It is best used in beers defined by their hop flavor and aroma with hop loads of at least 1 lb/bbl in late kettle or dry hop additions where a larger yield increase will occur from substituting out pellets or whole leaf.
LupuLN2 is packaged inside nitrogen flushed, flexible, foil pouches and shipped in cardboard cartons.
LupuLN2 should be stored near-freezing, preferably between 30°F and 41°F (-1°C and 5°C). For best results, LupuLN2 should be used within three (3) years of package date.Storage stability does vary per variety and can be negatively affected by exposure to oxygen, heat and/or light.
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Stuffed Anaheim Peppers
The Anaheim pepper is a very mild, somewhat sweet, pepper. Named for a town in California, they were developed in New Mexico and the varieties grown there tend to be a bit hotter than the ones grown in California.
My favorite way to eat these it to slice them in half, long-wise, and clean out. Mix cream cheese, crab, and cayenne in a bowl. Fill the peppers.
As we all know, everything is better with bacon, so wrap a slice of bacon around the stuffed pepper. Grill or roast until the bacon is cooked but try to avoid burning the pepper.
I've never seen any directions on this so I play with it every time. In fact, sometimes I start them in the microwave to partly cook the bacon and then roast them in the oven to finish. A small amount of charing on the peppers is okay. It enhances the look of them without leaving them tasting burnt.
You may want to use pre-cooked bacon because they are never cooked enough. But sometimes they are cut too thin and then the bacon cooks too fast instead of too slow.


text: I must agree that Yola is beginning to get frustrating. It used to be simple, efficient, quick and stylised. Now after becoming a silver member I feel things have gotten slower, the picture editor is horrendous, doesn't register changes, discolours when cropping for example and cannot do simple tasks. Loading thumbnails is so slow it takes days before I get to see my uploaded pics, and sometimes it just needs to be reloaded. This is a really bad user experience and I'm hardly pressing the envelope on functionality yet. Yola please do something or you'll force me go somewhere else.


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Pick up free food in Norwich with mobile app
PUBLISHED: 12:47 13 January 2019 | UPDATED: 15:40 13 January 2019
Annabel Staff
As more people try to cut down on food waste, apps that offer free or reduced price food products are gaining popularity.
We recently reported on how a Norwich restaurant sells off cheap food with food waste app TooGoodToGo, but there are other apps which allow food to be collected from neighbours as well as restaurants.
One app called OLIO connects people in the local are who have unwanted food they are willing to share with others.
Anyone can sign up for it and post their unwanted food for other users in the local area to browse.
If you see something you're interested in you can request the exact location of the host and arrange a pick up time.
These were some of the unwanted items advertised for collection in Norwich.
• Custard, tinned peas and porridge
• BirdsEye veggie bowl
• Jam
• Yo! Sushi wasabi paste and pickled ginger
• Brown basmati rice
• Tin of mango slices
• Garlic and rosemary infused olive oil
• A lollipop
Some items are sealed and unused while others are left over amounts of food like jams and preserves in jars.
Would you pick up food from a food sharing app? Let us know in our poll.
If you value what this story gives you, please consider supporting the Eastern Daily Press. Click the link in the orange box above for details.


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Vintage: 2009 (901)batch
N.W: 357g/cake
Composition: Yunnan big leaves bush tea
Producer: Menghai Tea Factory
Menghai pu erh 8582 tea is one of the famous blended raw Pu Er tea next to 7542. It was successfully blended in 1985 with the main 8 grades of Maocha. In the late 1980s, 8582 and 8592 were mainly exported to Hong Kong Nan Tian trade company with purple Tian(?) print on the right side of the cake.
8582 recipe enjoys an extremely high reputation for its super good aged aroma, thick &mellow taste. Even for the new tea, it also possesses the thick&mellow taste, high fresh aroma. A tea really worth to collect. The change is so good you can't ever believe it.
Storage method: Pls store all the Pu Er tea in a dry & cool environment without any ordor. The best storage environment temperature is between 10-35 celsius degree; moisture degree is between 50-75 degree.


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The "horrors" of my youth and my attempt at a Pumpkin Patch...and many other things...come on into the Crypt and look around... Dr. Theda
Thursday, April 30, 2015
Hope You are having a Great Witch's Night......
3 comments:
It was walpurgis night! I am so drained from doing the A to Z I forgot!ReplyDelete
Great job on you own A to Z as well.
Those are some awesome witches! I especially like the one with the cat and kettle on her broomstick!ReplyDelete
Thank you good Sir... and we really enjoyed your Vampires.... complete with Game-Stats for each...!!! Great work ...ReplyDelete
Hello dear Lady Debra.... Do not know "where" we found that one ( a couple of years back)..
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In this edition of OD Late Night, Julian discusses Colin Kaepernick's future after requesting a trade and Tiger Woods' rehab back into golf. Produced by Julian O'Donnell
OD Late Night – Colin Kaepernick's Future and Tiger Woods Rehab
Administration Attempts to Delete Cyberbullying from Campus
By Clara Kobashigawa Bullying has always been a prominent issue in high schools across America, but the nature of this vicious act has changed in recent years. Students used to be able […]
Digital Citizenship Presentations Teach Students Online Ethics
By Maddie McDonagh The word "citizenship" was seldom associated with the digital world in past years. However, Acalanes students are now being informed of the important connection between the two, especially in […]
16 Seed Men's Soccer Upsets Top Seed Redwood City
By Tommy Fellner // A classic Cinderella tale, but instead of a ball on a starry night, this story took place in the midst of a windy rainstorm on a soaked turf. […]
OD Late Night – Johnny Manziel and NBA All-Star Weekend
In this edition of OD Late Night, Julian discusses Johnny Manziel's recent events and the upcoming NBA All-Star Weekend.
Open House Ping Pong
Matt Barr and Tommy Fellner explore the Ping Pong Demonstration at Open House.
Super Bowl Recap with Julian O'Donnell, Sam Stack, and Gareth Kwok
Julian, Sam, and Gareth provide a quick recap with analysis about Super Bowl 50. Pictured provided by ABC News.
Open House: Come Inside Blueprint's Exclusive Look
Blueprint takes an inside look at Open House, February 4,2016, with nine student-made one-take videos. They canvas the events happening throughout the night, including the welcoming of the incoming freshmen – class of 2020 […]
Men's Soccer Posts Comeback Win Over Las Lomas
By Tommy Fellner // The Acalanes Men's Soccer team (6-7-5) defeated Las Lomas by a score of 4-2 this Wednesday night. In a crucial away game, the Dons were able to keep […]
OD Late Night – Super Bowl 50 and NFL Team Relocation
In this edition of OD Late Night, Julian discusses Super Bowl 50 between the Carolina Panthers and the Denver Broncos, as well as the relocation of several NFL teams in the […]


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In yesterday's post, I discussed organizing my son's Legos for my spring cleaning series. Today I want to show you how I organize my son's Lego manuals so that we can rebuilt any of his various kits anytime by following the original directions.
First, I purchased a colored binder and clear binder pocket pages. Then I simply put each binder into a pocket. It was easy and allows him to look through each page very clearly. And because they're stored in the pocket, he will hopefully not ruin the pages since they will just go right back in the binder once he's used them.
I created the logo for the front of the binder and simply printed it and inserted it into the clear flap. You can download a PDF of the page I created PDF here if you want to create your own binder to store manuals.


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Top Hat Acrylic Roof Sign - Blank
Blank sign only.Regulation L-Plates- No thanks, I don't need L-plates.- Yes please, include regulation size L-plates with my sign.Availability: In stockSKU: r11b£36.00£36.00Description Return Policy Quick Enquiry
Top Hat Roof Sign - BlankFrom the Neo-Lite Acrylic range: Blank sign - ready for your supplier to prepare for graphics application.
Acrylic roof sign with neo-lite mag pad to base.
Base 250 x 250mm, Height 250mm
Neo-Lite Acrylic signs: Our best-selling signs feature a brilliant white smooth gloss finish and long life UV-stability. The base assembly is fitted with extremely powerful but light weight rare earth (neodymium) magnets making this roof sign range one of the lightest on the market. The magnets are encased in rubber and the sign bases hand-finished to minimise the risk of damage to vehicle paintwork.
This sign is suitable for ALL vehicles including those with high roof curvature (Ford KA, new shape Vauxhall Corsa, New shape Nissan Micra, BMW Mini, VW BEETLE, Fiat 500, Mazda 2, Seat Ibeza 2010 model, Hyundai I10, Peugeot 208).
This sign is supplied with our rubber roof seal fitted - no need to purchase rubber seal or roof film separately.
Return Policy
Warranty & Returns
Returns: If you have decided not to keep an item you have bought from us online, and wish to return it, please complete the details on your delivery note and send it back to us in a new and unused condition within 14 days of receiving the item. If you simply do not like your purchase, you will need to return the item at your own expense. All goods must be in a new and unused condition and sent together with a copy of your original email receipt. We can only reimburse postage costs if on inspection we find the goods to be faulty or if we have supplied incorrectly.
Some goods including personalised products may not be returned. Please see our Terms and Conditions for full details.
Faulty or incorrectly supplied goods: If you think we have supplied incorrectly or believe a product is faulty please contact us before making the return. This will help us deal with the problem efficiently. If we agree an item that you have returned was faulty, we will exchange the item or refund the full cost including any delivery charges incurred where appropriate.
Refunds: We aim to process all refunds as quickly as possible, however, during busy periods this may take up to 14 days. Refunds can only be made to the card that was used at the time of purchase. Your card will be refunded as soon as we have processed your returned items.
We strongly recommend you use a recorded/insured delivery service as we regret that we cannot be held responsible for returned goods lost in transit.
Our Returns address:
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Warrantee: Unless otherwise stated all products offered are covered by our 12 month return to base guarantee. This means we will replace or repair any item that has failed due to defective materials or workmanship for a period of twelve months from the date you receive it. The guarantee excludes normal wear and tear and fault caused by accident, neglect or misuse. Please be aware that faulty goods may have to be sent on to our suppliers and therefore any refunds or exchanges may take up to 14 working days.
Under The Consumer Contracts (Information, Cancellation and Additional Charges) Regulations 2013 SI 2013/3134 you have the legal right to cancel your order up to 14 calendar days after the day on which you receive your goods (with the exception of any made to order items such as signage, stationery or promotional items). You do not need to give us any reason for cancelling your contract nor will you have to pay any penalty. Please see our Terms and conditions for full details.
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This name is the accepted name of an infraspecific taxon* of the species Vaccinium puberulum in the genus Vaccinium (family Ericaceae).
* The Plant List does not attempt to include all infraspecific taxa
The record derives from WCSP (in review) (data supplied on ) which reports it as an accepted name with original publication details: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 29: 193 1978.
Full publication details for this name can be found in IPNI:
See "Status", "Confidence level", "Source" for definitions.
|Confidence level
|Date supplied
|Vaccinium cardonae
|WCSP (in review)
The species Vaccinium puberulum has a further 1 synonyms.
The following databases may contain further information on this name. Please click on any button to follow a link to that database.
To return to The Plant List: please use your browser's back button to return to this page.
This name was in version 1 of The Plant List, record kew-2457450, and has not been changed.


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As more time passes and we get a chance to focus our hindsight on what happened in Arizona it's becoming more and more obvious that disturbing is a better description than democracy for what took place there.
Five things that went horribly wrong in Arizona
Maricopa County is the fourth most populous county in the United States with a population of 3,817,117. In 2012 Maricopa county had 200 polling places for people to vote. In 2018 they reduced that number to 60. That's an average of one polling site for every 21,000 voters.
Luckily the media didn't let the 70% drop in polling places keep them from calling the state for Hillary with less than 1% of the population reporting.
Guess all these people still waiting in line to vote don't count.
"That's cray!" you might be exclaiming to yourself. How is something like that possible? Much of what guided the "experts" to call Arizona so early was the results of the mail-in/early voting ballots. Early voting is dominated by an older female demographic. For example, only 7 percent of early voting was cast by voters under the age of 30.
Here's a breakdown of some of the numbers.
These are the stats used to project that Hillary was likely to do well in Arizona. But the simple fact is that when a half a million new voters have registered and are waiting in line to have their voice heard it's way too soon to be calling a winner for anyone. Guess those 500,000 new voters waiting in line for hours don't count either.
All of this isn't even touching on the reports of people being disenfranchised either by incompetence or something more nefarious, you be the judge of that.
Leaders from the Arizona branch of the Democratic Party have confirmed that its lawyers are officially making an inquiry after multiple Democratic voters showed up to the polls only to find that they were listed as independents, Republicans, or had no party affiliation at all.
Many voters wound up having to wait in line under the hot Arizona sun only to find that they were ineligible to vote for the candidates of their choice. To add insult to injury, the polling locations have been so poorly planned that many voters had to wait in line up to four hours before finding out that their information had been improperly filed.
Fortunately you don't have to take anyone's word for it. There's video evidence of this happening as well.
I posted earlier about my being denied my legal right to vote this morning. I went to the Pima County Recorders office and video taped the whole thing. Here's what they are doing. They are copying voter registration cards changing the date and the party preference. They can't change the original because that goes out to the party. At first she tried to say I sent in a second voter registration card (of course I didn't not) then she changes her story to its a computer glitch then states it's an error.
This person was comfortable enough to step up and address the error and make sure that it was corrected. Many people will do whatever they can to avoid confrontation of any sort and would likely have just accepted their fate and walked away. Sadly, we'll never know how many people this actually happened to.
In every state that Independents have outnumbered Democrats, Bernie has won so every error like the one above benefits Hillary and Hillary alone.
People don't fully understand just how easy it is to write a database script to modify large sets of data in a matter of seconds or less.
Search for independent voters that have recently changed to dem, randomly select a % of them to be changed to lower the delegate loss and still seem on the books so they could tout it as a resounding victory.
The most-recent official roster has 37 percent (or 1.219 million) of registered Arizona voters declared as independents; 34 percent (or 1.115 million) as Republicans; and 28 percent (or 932,722) as Democrats.
THERE ARE MORE INDEPENDENTS THAN DEMOCRATS. That scared the sh*t out of the Clinton campaign, given Sanders has trounced her with independents in every state.
There have already been calls and promises for investigations and follow-ups to make sure that everything was on the up and up in Arizona, but we all know how well those things go. Nothing that happened during this election was a mistake. It was all carefully choreographed and we're seeing the results of that dance with the devil.


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Hey fam! We are winding down to the business end of the tournament with only one week left of round robin play to go.
Check out the results for week five below.
Auckland Storm v Bay of Plenty Volcanix 29-34
Waikato v Manawatu Cyclones 31-08
North Harbour Hibiscus v Wellington Pride 10-50
Taranaki Whio v Otago Spirit 0-65
Canterbury v Counties Power Heat 39-22
Hawkes Bay Tuis v Tasman Mako 47-12
Week five saw the upset of the round with the Bay of Plenty Volcanix holding onto their first-ever win over the Auckland Storm. This puts Auckland in the very real position of getting relegated to the Championship for next season if they don't win their final game against Canterbury.
It's still up in the air with the top four teams as none of them has cemented a home semifinal. Any team place second, third or fourth could potentially leapfrog the leaders in week six.
Check out some of the highlights for the Auckland Storm v Bay of Plenty Volcanix below.
Thanks to Sky Sport for the coverage.
Here are the highlights for the Canterbury v Counties Power Heat game.
Also, the winner for this weeks Unofficial Fantasy Rugby Game is user tavitatui. If you can message me through the facebook page that would be great and I'll send your prize out for last week and this week.
Until next week where it's do or die for a majority of teams.


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Brain-enriched calcium channels in the pathogenesis and treatment of bipolar disorder
Supervisors: Liz Tunbridge and Paul Harrison
The last few years have seen substantial progress in our understanding of the genetic basis of psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. This research will begin to examine how we can move from genetic insights to new therapies by focussing on arguably the most promising set of molecules arising from the recent genetic studies: the voltage gated calcium channels (VGCCs).
Calcium is an important signalling molecule and plays a key role in brain function. There is long-standing evidence that patients with bipolar disorder have abnormalities in calcium function. Recent genetic studies suggest that these abnormalities may be caused, in part, by alterations in the function of the VGCCs. These channels make attractive drug targets for treating bipolar disorder and other psychiatric disorders in which these channels are implicated. However, many different types of VGCCs are produced from a limited number of VGCC genes, and there is a lack of information about the precise types of VGCCs that are present in human brain, and how these channels are changed in psychiatric disorders and in those at higher genetic risk for these illnesses. Neither do we know how the critical brain VGCCs differ from those found elsewhere in the body.
This project will identify the VGCCs present and enriched in human post-mortem brain tissue, compared to other body tissues, and will investigate how they are changed in association with genetic risk for psychiatric disorders, and in the diseases themselves. Once the brain-enriched isoforms are known, we will investigate their function in cell culture systems (including in induced pluripotent stem cells). The specifics of the project will be tailored to the student's skills and interests, but they may investigate these questions using bioinformatics and/or molecular and cellular biology experiments. Crucially, both our analyses and initial experiments will use human brain tissue. This is essential, because the number of different molecules that a single gene produces is much higher in humans than in others species, particularly in human brain, compared with other types of body tissue.
This research will help us to understand the key brain-enriched types of VGCC to target to improve the treatment of psychiatric illnesses, as well as investigating how genetic variation in the VGCCs increases risk for developing them. More broadly, they will also provide a test of how we can begin to move from genetic findings to new treatments.
A systematic review of calcium channel antagonists in bipolar disorder and some considerations for their future development. Cipriani A, Saunders K, Attenburrow MJ, Stefaniak J, Panchal P, Stockton S, Lane TA, Tunbridge EM, Geddes JR, Harrison PJ. Mol Psychiatry. 2016 Oct;21(10):1324-32. doi: 10.1038/mp.2016.86. Epub 2016 May 31.


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Walgreens is a little harder to learn than CVS, and at times can be frustrating. That said, there are some good deals if you have the time and patience. I am definatly not an expert on this store, but I will grab a deal here and there if its something I need.
Walgreens has a customer care program called Register Rewards (RR). You do not need a card or anything to take advantage fo this program. Each week, there will be different RR deals, some even free after RR. Register rewards print out in the form of a catalina coupon seperatly from your receipt.
A RR is considered a coupon. When you check out, you cannot have more coupons than you do items. So if you are stacking coupons and have a Walgreens coupon and a manufacture coupon for an item, the register will beep. At this point, you would need to add a "filler" item (an inexpensive candy or item to make the coupons equal to the number of items).
Walgreens also has Instant Value Coupons that are found in their weekly advertisement. Like the RR's, they appear as a "box" outlined in red in the ads and display information about the product and the final price.
There is also a Walgreens Monthly Coupon book that can be fount at the front of the store with the weekly ad's. These coupons can be matched with manufacture coupons and on sale items for maximum savings. Also, if your grocery store takes Walgreens as a competitor coupon, these can be used.
If you purchase more than one of the same qualifying items in the same transaction, only one RR will print. If you want multiples of the same item, you will have to ring them up in seperate transactions.
If you redeem a RR against the same offer in another transaction, it will not produce another RR.
No cash back will be given on a RR.
The order in which you give the cashier your coupons is very important at Walgreens. Always give RR, then manufacture coupons, then store coupons. A different order will cause the register to sometimes beep, or different value issues.
As all coupons, register rewards do expire, make sure you know your expiration dates.


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Historical Version(s) - view previous versions of standard
More D09.07 Standards Related Products Standard References
This specification covers thermoplastic insulating materials made of poly(vinyl chloride) or the copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate recommended for use in wires and cables operating in wet or dry locations at specified conductor temperatures and maximum voltage ratings for power and control circuits. Since the insulation material cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor or cable, tests shall then be done on insulated wire or cable solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation material and not to test the conductor or completed cable. Materials shall conform to the following physical requirements: unaged tensile strength and elongation at rupture; tensile strength and elongation after air oven aging; heat shock; heat distortion; behavior during vertical flame test; oil resistance; tensile strength and elongation after oil immersion; behavior during cold bend test, and size and thickness. Insulations shall also perform satisfactorily during tests for AC and DC voltage, insulation resistance, accelerated water absorption, and dielectric strength retention.
This abstract is a brief summary of the referenced standard. It is informational only and not an official part of the standard; the full text of the standard itself must be referred to for its use and application. ASTM does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents of this abstract are accurate, complete or up to date.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers a thermoplastic insulation of poly(vinyl chloride) or the copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate.
1.2 This insulation is recommended for use at conductor temperatures not in excess of 60°C in wet or dry locations at a maximum voltage rating of 600 V for power and control circuits.
1.3 In many instances, the insulation material cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor or cable. Therefore, tests are done on insulated wire or cable in this specification solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation material and not to test the conductor or completed cable.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4.1 In some cases (including the title), temperatures are described in degrees Celsius only.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
D2633 Test Methods for Thermoplastic Insulations and Jackets for Wire and Cable
G153 Practice for Operating Enclosed Carbon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
G155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials
ICS Code
ICS Number Code 29.035.20 (Plastic and rubber insulating materials)
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Citation Format
ASTM D2219-17, Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Insulation for Wire and Cable, 60°C Operation, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017, www.astm.orgBack to Top


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15/12/2017 – 426 views
HP Printer Support Phone Number 1-844-330-8222
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(Please say you found this ad on TOP-FREE-AD when calling)


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2 min read
10 Pets Who Haven't Quite Gotten Into The Whole 'Holiday Spirit' Thing
1. "Bah humbug."
2. "'Ho, ho, ho'? More like, 'Ho, ho, NO.'"
3. "Here's what I think of that suspicious tree monster."
4. "Absolutely not."
5. #NotImpressed
6. "You expect me to WALK in this stuff?"
7. "I have decided I do not approve of snow. Now let me in."
8. "I'll NEVER pose for your Christmas photo!"
9. " ... If you're making me Santa, I'm giving you coal."
10. "I decided these decorations were TOO FLASHY, so I destroyed them."
Always keep in mind that, in general, it's best to not dress your pet up in costumes, as it might make them uncomfortable or stressed. However, comfortable sweaters can sometimes be beneficial, as they offer warmth for small or elderly dogs. Please ensure that your pet stays safe this holiday season by checking out these tips from the ASPCA.


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Ecuador issues regulation to control counterfeit, adulterated and altered products
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HI guys. Hi. Hello. Currently writing this in a window seat on a semi-sunny day w an iced americano and some popcorn. It's pretty good. Hope yer all well!
Past couple of weeks have been weird... but I'm recovering! Apparently I don't deal well with having nothing to do. It feels like I'm never resting because I was never actually active in the first place. Home has turned from a cosy nest into a kind of hell haha. I lost all motivation to make myself look nice which means I feel even less comfortable with myself and even more like 'what is my life'. Luckily, over the past couple of days I have had quite a few things to write on my to do list and now feel a lot better! Thank goodness! I got up early today, made myself look okay (I think), crossed a couple of things off my to do list, and am now outside, writing this blog post, listening to a disco playlist (thanks BBC) and feeling kind of like a real person!
Other than that, in general things are pretty fantastic! I feel more 'myself' than I have done in a very long time. Time really does heal all wounds. I mean, it's a kind of silly thing to say. It doesn't make you feel any better when you're wounded, and by the time you've healed it's simply irrelevant. But... it is true! It's a beautiful thing to know you went through something monumentally shitty and you were strong enough to come out the other side. And it's great to know that the whole experience made you an even better person. It's like in comparison to how low I know I can feel, feeling 'okay' doesn't just feel okay anymore, it feels awesome. I don't have to lie to myself about how I feel anymore. I don't have to tell myself 'don't think about it, stop thinking about it, think happy thoughts' because it just doesn't hurt me anymore. This is all compounded by the fact that I managed pretty damn good exam results considering how shitty this year has been for me! YEAH! So, life lesson for me - never stop working!
Alongside milling around and doing little bits and bobs here and there, I went to York the other day! My friend had been a million times so we could wander freely without worrying about getting lost or anything. Always a plus. It was really, really lovely. Definitely going back, especially because of how close it is to Durham.
First we went to the Railway Museum, because why not? It was actually pretty fun. Reminded me of being a kid. I remember going to a railway museum when my family lived in the UK the first time around (we moved to Australia when I was 6) and thinking they were magical. Something about those huge machines and the smell (is that weird) and idk. I tried to take photos of the royal coaches but they didn't turn out that well so... you'll just have to go check it out yourself.
York Minster was just gorgeous, of course. Love me a good cathedral hoho. Wikipedia tells me its Great East Window is the largest expanse of medieval stained glass in the world. Whaddayaknow? Because they're always restoring / cleaning the stained glass, they have a 'stained glass of the month' type thing where you can look at the designs up close and read about them etc. ...it's pretty kewl. I'd recommend. Is this starting to sound like a tourist website?
My friend had a sudden hankering for ice cream so we went on a quest to find the perfect parlour. We found this store. Isn't it cute? There seemed to be a lot of cute places to eat / sip in York. We had lunch at this other cafe I don't remember the name of, but it was really nice. Fond as I am of Durham, there are very few places to get good coffee here, so it was especially nice. Will definitely try to document where exactly I go next time I take a York trip. There seemed to be a bunch of places worth checking out next time. If anyone has any recommendations, please let me know!
So sad I didn't get good photos of this. It's the Shambles! Part of the two rows of houses have slumped so close together over time that two people leaning out of either window can shake hands, apparently. I've heard it's especially nice at Christmas.
The river! Unfortunately a little more impressive than Durham hoho.
What I wore hoho.
Some other pictures from the past few days?
I love these little Edwardian arcades. There are a couple of them in the middle of Newcastle I think. They remind me of the ones in Leeds! The thing about Newcastle is that it has such incredibly gorgeous buildings (Grey St has the second highest number of listed buildings in the UK) but they are kind of ruined by what is put underneath them. I mean, the other day I was sitting in Savannah Cafe watching some guys paint part of a stone building navy blue. Perhaps repainting? I don't know. But at some point... it was painted navy blue for William Hill haha. There are so many gambling shops in the UK, it's really unfortunate. BUT ANYWAY. The point is, the center of Newcastle has some really beautiful architecture. I'm a fan.
I also went to 9 Bar Coffee for the first time yesterday, despite living in the North East for almost two years now! I love it! I can't wait to go back and try the food because it looked seriously good. In fact, the whole place looked seriously good. It's a shame we've had no real summer this year because it seemed like a great place to people watch outside.
Another outfit. Whenever I get bored of my wardrobe (like right now) I tend to revert back to outfits I've been wearing for literally years haha. Sometimes its good to wear tried and tested outfits. At least you know you feel like you.
Thankyou Will for photos! Do go check out his new blog. I know little about film but if you're a film person, you should follow him!
Thanks for reading guys (:


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How To Get Over Your Ex
At least once in our lives we will experience a heartbreak (if not, you are very lucky!).
This tends to be from a boyfriend or girlfriend, which then turns them into your ex.
Getting over your ex is pretty simple theoretically. However practically it is very difficult, especially if this is the first time you are trying to get over an ex. We are human, we have emotions and we all want to be loved (well I hope!)
Below are some of my tips for getting over an ex.
No contact
This rule is very important to get over your ex. Out of sight out of mind. Now, when you have established that the relationship is over, you must eliminate any contact with them. Not just speaking with them, but memories of them. Delete pictures, videos, memories, get rid of gifts, clothing etc. Unfollow them on all social media platforms, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, Path, Tumblr, Pinterest, I can go on and on. This will help you move on with a clear mind. You cannot go and stalk your ex on Facebook to see what pictures they have been tagged on or what they are ranting about on Twitter. You have to accept that the relationship is over and it is over for a reason. Once you accept that, better things will come your way. You had a life before you started a relationship with your ex and you will have a life after them. One more thing, don't try to get any stuff that they might have of yours, this leads to conversations such as "Hey I left one sock at your apartment, can I get it back?" No
Talking sometimes helps. It is better to get things off your chest. But be sure not to bore your friends/family with the details over and over again. It also gives you a chance to hear things from someone else's point of view, as long as they are level headed. If you feel you have no one to talk to, you can always write a letter to your ex stating how you feel and your emotions, but never post it or send it to them. This is for you to get your feelings out. If you need to cry, cry. Just don't hold back.
Keep busy
Meet up with your friends or spend time with your family. Go to the gym, pick up a hobby, re-arrange the furniture, do that thing you have always wanted to do, make yourself a better person. This could be a chance for you to reinvent yourself. The main thing is to keep busy busy busy. When you are busy it will stop you from thinking about your ex and you will look forward to little things that make you happy. However don't keep busy trying to show your ex you have a life after them, keep busy for yourself. This is your time to be selfish.
No rebounds
Now, there is the saying that to get over someone you must get under someone else. I don't agree with this, although it may work for some. I believe that during a breakup you really need to spend time by yourself and try not to find a love lost from someone else. It may seem the right thing at the time to do short term, but long term you will end up back at square one. Really take your time to heal your heart. Put yourself first. Fall in love with yourself if you haven't already. After all you are going to spend the rest of your life with yourself.
Look forward to the future
Finally look forward to the time you have ahead. Just because it didn't work out with your ex doesn't mean you will not find love again. Surround yourself with people who love you and want the best for you. Concentrate on your passions and being the person you would like to meet. There are 7.3 billion people and counting on this earth. Do not let one person that is in your past dictate your future. The past belongs in the past. Don't look back.
These simple tips will help getting over your ex less painful. It won't be easy, but with time you will be back to yourself!
And remember:
"No relationship is ever a waste of your time. If it didn't bring you what you want, it taught you what you didn't want"
Whitney Q
The Q Is Vital


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Fonterra Co-operative Group has announced a revised payout forecast range for the 2012/13 season of $5.90 - $6.00 before retentions for a fully shared up farmer, 25 cents up on the previous forecast range.
See Fonterra's statement below:
The Fonterra Board announced:
· a higher forecast Farmgate Milk Price of $5.50 per kilogram of milksolids for the 2012/13 season, up from $5.25 on the previous forecast; and
· a forecast Net Profit after Tax range of 40-50 cents per share, consistent with the recent Fonterra Shareholders' Fund Offer prospectus;
· a 40 cent increase in advance rate payments to farmers.
Fonterra is required to consider its Farmgate Milk Price every quarter as a condition of the Dairy Industry Restructuring Act (DIRA).
Fonterra Chairman Sir Henry van der Heyden said after considering farmer shareholders' cash flow requirements, and the strength of the Co-operative's balance sheet after the launch of Trading Among Farmers, the Board had also decided to lift advance rate payments to farmer shareholders.
"The immediate effect of this decision is that our farmers will have more money flowing into their bank accounts from late January when they are paid for the previous month, and that will help them with their cashflows.
"Between 1 August and the most recent GlobalDairyTrade (GDT) trading event, prices have increased by an average 17.7 per cent. While there was a drop at last week's GDT event, it has not changed our overall commodity price forecasts."
Chief Executive Theo Spierings said Fonterra's strong balance sheet meant that from a cash flow point of view the Co-operative was in a position to increase payments to farmers over the next few months without any significant risk to its financial stability.
Mr Spierings said while the outlook for any movements in the New Zealand dollar exchange rate were neutral, the impact of weather events in other markets were likely to support the lift in forecast Farmgate Milk Price.
"There has been a persistent, serious drought in the United States. That has pushed up the price of grain, which in turn affects dairy production. There are also concerns about drought in the Ukraine and Russia. In South America, extreme wetness in parts of Brazil and Argentina could also depress wheat production," Mr Spierings said.
"Given current global conditions, our forecasting anticipates global dairy prices are likely to move higher in the first half of 2013."
We welcome your help to improve our coverage of this issue. Any examples or experiences to relate? Any links to other news, data or research to shed more light on this? Any insight or views on what might happen next or what should happen next? Any errors to correct?
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10 Comments
A quick look at gDT figures suggest that over the 3 months since the last forecast average winning prices are up between 1% and 4% in USD depending on which auctions you compare. The NZD:USD exchange rate is almost identical.
Fonterra now has cash - will payout.
Great news and much needed by our country
Milk price goes to $8/kg for several years, farmers borrow more money as land price goes up.......then payout falls to $6 in 2016 when world production recovers. Shit hits the fan and we're worse off!
Advice: Payoff debt when payout high is a great investment, and spend money on maintenance/pasture renewal/ drainage/ new cowsheds etc........not more land......duh
Just wondering where all the Fonterra knockers are right now - you know who you are...
Good news although very predictable. It has been cyclical since Adam was a boy and is going to continue to be so - probably even more as systems are intensified off shore and the weather dictating feed supply. Puts a temperate climate into such long term competitive advantage it ain't funny...
Im watching, as Colin Riden said Fonterra got a bit of cash.
Pretty small news really itys, so what it goes up 25c, the beef and lamb schedules change by bigger percentages dam near every month.
Right here ITYS, and I'll still be here when the pig's lipstick wears off, ...why , did the cow jump over the moon...?
50cents whoohoo!, at those increments it'll take a while before $8.00 is up again, and isn't that where the upgrade investment all went hog wild...
Don't get the pom poms out just yet......just a bit of share bait.
So is the payout increase a result of a superior co-operative model backed by by able leadership, or a drought in the USA? Are droughts in the US going to be what drive these predictable cycles? Is being part of a hybridised cooperative/corporate going to provide any advantage in managing this type of commodity cycle?
As you said ITYS farming is cyclical, It is good news. The question is- is it sustainable? Bankers I have been talking to recently believed that $5.25 was optimistic.
The interesting thing I have found with this announcement is in talking to farmers, a number of them are saying - yeah, but will they take some off us later. We won't be spending it. The comment in the release that they anticipate an increase in early 2013 is what has got some farmers jumpy.
The credibility of directors seems to have taken a hit lately. Then again I hear some won't be seeking re-election when their term comes up in the next year or so, so are we in fact just seeing some directors marking time till they can move on to greener pastures?
It seems MPI were a little too bullish regards dairy in their 2012 Situation and Outlook, and the December update is now backtracking a little on the exchange rate. No mention is made of the NZD:USD forecast at 0.65 for 2016.
The Treasury exchange rate assumptions used for our updated forecasts is an average NZD/USD cross rate of 0.807 over the period December 2012 quarter to June 2014 quarter.
New Zealand's dairy export revenue is expected to fall by 8.1 percent to $12.6 billion in the year to 30 June 2013 (compared with the previous year); this is slightly below the June forecast.
International dairy prices have recovered 24 percent from their recent low in May 2012. This rapid recovery was due to market expectations of a reduction in milk supply from the EU and US. A slow-down in the growth of international milk production is expected to support the continued recovery of international dairy prices in the 2012/13 dairy season and beyond.
In particular, international milk production is forecast to expand at a much slower rate in 2012/13 than in the previous year. High feed costs caused by the US drought have already had a negative impact on milk production in the US, where production fell 0.5 percent in September 2012 compared to the same month in 2011. High feed costs also impacted on milk production in the EU, where production was down 2.5 percent in July 2012 relative to July 2011.
However, economic uncertainty in the developed world and weaker demand growth from emerging markets are likely to constrain future increases in international dairy prices. Demand growth for dairy products slowed during 2011/12 and a rebound is unlikely to happen in 2012/13 due to the subdued global economic outlook.
The domestic farm gate milk price for year ending 31 May 2013 is expected to average $5.54 per kilogram of milksolids, down 42 cents on last season's price, due to the stronger NZD eroding the expected gain in international prices.
That being at "an average NZD/USD cross rate of 0.807 over the period December 2012 quarter to June 2014 quarter".
ITYS. It is no coincidence that this payout increase closely follows Fontera's "share" issue, they have again used Capital as Income (see Prof. Robb's analysis). The tension, betwixt the farmer co op memberships' rapacious demands for money (mostly due to debt servicing) and the prudent corporate financial structure of fontera, remains. Now though they are shoveling out someone else's money!